,transcriber's note3 ,the copy on which this edition is based was bound with the #c volumes of text in one physical volume and the plates in another4 ,they have been reordered into #c separate projects with the plates inserted adjacent to the related text - other copies are known to have been bound in this fashion4 ,page numbers enclosed by curly braces 7example3 #be7 have been incorporated to facilitate the use of the ,index 7in ,volume ,,iii474 ,images of the original plates are available through ,internet ,archive4 ,see https3_/_/archive4org_/details_/illustra tionsofe#ab;drur 99 99 99 99 99 ,,illustrations ,,of ,,exotic ,,entomology1 ,,containing ,,upwards ,,of ,,six ,,hundred ,,and ,,fifty ,,figures ,,and ,,descriptions ,,of ,,foreign ,,insects1 ,,interspersed ,,with ,,remarks ,,and ,,reflections ,,on ,,their ,,nature ,,and ,,properties4 ,,by ,,dru ,,drury4 ---- ,a ,,new ,,edition1 ,,brought ,,down ,,to ,,the ,,present ,,state ,,of ,,the ,,science1 ,,with ,,the ,,systematic ,,characters ,,of ,,each ,,species1 ,,synonyms1 ,,indexes1 ,,and ,,other ,,additional ,,matter4 ,,by ,j4 ,o4 ,,westwood1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,,soc4 ,c,s4 ,,nat4 ,,cur4 ,,mosq4 ,,soc4 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 ---- ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ---- ,,london3 ,,henry ,g4 ,,bohn1 #d1 ,,york ,,street1 ,,covent ,,garden4 ,,mdcccxxxvii4 iii,,mr4 ,,drury',s ,,preface ,,to ,,the ,,first ,,edition4 ---- ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,to gratify a laudable curiosity1 and lead the mind to the exercise of one of its noblest faculties1 was the motive that first encouraged me to publish a work of this kind4 ,how far it has answered these ends1 what pleasure it has produced1 of what benefit or advantage it has been to mankind1 by inducing them to contemplate the admirable works of ,providence1 and trace its wisdom and goodness through the medium of this branch of the history of nature1 are circumstances1 the confined sphere of life in which ,i have hitherto moved1 has not given me those opportunities of knowing that ,i could wish4 ,but the kind reception the first volume of this work has met with1 seems to justify the opinion that it has not been written in vain4 ,in the ,preface to my former volume1 ,i told my readers1 that my design of giving an addition to that work1 would entirely depend on the reception the public should be pleased to give it4 ,i was willing to have some proof of the public approbation1 before ,i ventured rashly to engage further in so considerable an expense as the engraving and colouring the plates1 c4 which was too great for me to incur without a prospect of a reimbursement4 ,it is now with the utmost pleasure ,i can declare1 that ,i have the greatest reason to be satisfied on that head2 the world has generously encouraged my first attempt1 and it is to that cause the present volume owes its appearance4 ,the quick sale of a great number of copies1 on the first publication1 was a proof of the great progress natural history had made2 and gave me the utmost hopes a continuation might be equally as acceptable1 if conducted on the same plan1 and rendered as agreeable by the exertion of the artist's abilities4 ,i have now the satisfaction of offering a volume to the public not inferior to the first4 ,it is a pleasing reflection to consider the great strides natural history is making in this kingdom1 as well as in other parts of the world2 and the many publications on the various subjects of nature1 that have made their appearance within these last three or four years1 is a circumstance that must give every man of a liberal mind the greatest satisfaction4 ,we ivsee persons1 skilled in natural history1 receiving encouragements and reward from men of rank and property1 according to their respective abilities4 ,some are encouraged to pursue their studies in foreign parts1 and investigate the secrets of nature among the trees and plants2 others are employed in discovering countries1 and searching the shores of coasts1 hitherto unknown1 for subjects that will afford either profit or speculative pleasure2 while the artist at home is not neglected and abandoned1 but meets the reward his merit entitles him to4 ,natural history has1 certainly1 less reason to court the favour of mankind than many other branches of knowlege2 as the pursuit of it1 either as a science or amusement1 is so replete with pleasure1 that it is hardly possible to refuse it our approbation and encouragement1 so soon as we give ourselves the least time to enquire into its merits2 and we are often stimulated to pursue it from the appearance of that inexhaustible store of entertainment it is sure to afford4 ,it is therefore less to be wondered at that publications on these subjects are more numerous than formerly2 as the desire of communicating knowledge and happiness is irresistible1 and men1 for their own sakes1 will be induced to follow the tracks1 where the enjoyment of unallayed pleasure lies within their grasp4 ,i shall not dwell any longer on this part of the subject1 but inform the reader1 that the same plan1 of giving just and accurate figures1 that was followed in the first volume1 is continued in this4 ,the utmost care and nicety has been observed1 both in the outlines and engraving4 ,nothing is strained or carried beyond the bounds nature has set2 and whoever will compare the engravings with the originals1 ,i flatter myself will allow1 that nothing is borrowed from fancy1 or any colour given to an insect that does not really exist in the subject intended to be represented4 ,it is true1 the want of those remarks and observations on their natural history1 similar to those inserted in my first volume1 is a circumstance ,i have great reason to lament4 ,i mentioned my opinion of the cause in my former address1 in which ,i have since been confirmed by repeated proofs2 and notwithstanding the great labour and trouble ,i have been at1 not only in procuring the subjects of the present volume1 but in endeavouring also to get the natural history of some of the most extraordinary of them1 ,i have not been able to obtain one single piece of information proper to be laid before the public4 ,it is to little or no purpose to make further enquiry into the reasons of this want of curiosity1 among all ranks of people1 situated in distant climates1 more than ,i have already done4 ,i find it is so2 and whether it proceeds from an ill-judged pride1 in thinking such minute animals below their notice1 or whether it arises from that languor of mind1 as well as of body1 that generally prevails in warm climates1 is a matter of no consequence to mankind3 the world is not benefited by their situations1 and we must be content to remain in our present ignorance1 till ,providence shall think proper to give us a second ,swammerdam1 or ,reaumur1 c4 and place him in a distant part of the globe1 for the advantage of the human race4 v,it is necessary to mention1 that both the descriptions1 and engravings1 were finished about the beginning of the year #agga1 and as some of the insects are mentioned as non-descripts1 that since that time have appeared in other works1 ,i hope ,i shall not be considered as guilty of an imposition on that account4 ,the present age has made great improvements in entomology1 as well as other parts of natural history4 ,the many publications that have appeared on that subject within these two years1 are proofs how well works of this kind are received2 and as all iconographers aim at giving representations of unfigured subjects1 it is no wonder if some contained in this volume should be presented to the world by those who happened to have got the start of me4 ,the plates were actually engraved1 and great part of the prints coloured1 before ,i discovered that any of the subjects had been figured by other authors2 and to have suppressed them on account of the very few that are found in other works1 would have incurred an expense greater than the nature of the case would allow4 ,the objection made of the want of names to the insects contained in my first volume1 the reader will here find removed2 and trivial as well as generical ones1 given to every insect in the whole work3 and likewise a few errors of the press corrected1 that have almost imperceptibly got in4 ,i was1 indeed1 truly sensible of the defect and incompleteness of that volume1 occasioned by the above circumstance1 and would gladly have named every insect then delineated2 but the different opinions subsisting at that time among entomologists1 some preferring one author and some another1 made me exceeding cautious of entering on that business3 and ,i rather chose to defer it to the present opportunity1 than give occasion for any reflections against me1 for my attachment to an author1 whose method ,i should certainly have pursued1 and whose works have deservedly entitled him to the appellation of father of natural history4 ,i mean the excellent ,linneus1 whose system seems now to be generally approved and followed2 and ,i must here mention1 the opportunity that the present work affords of giving an explanation of the terms1 c4 in his work1 ,i should certainly have availed myself of1 for the benefit of the young beginner2 but as my friend1 ,mr4 ,curtis1 has published a good translation of the ,fundamenta ,entomologi of that author1 wherein the young student1 as well as the adept1 who are not versed in the ,latin tongue1 may receive great improvement2 ,i must refer them to that work for the properly understanding the plan and design of that great author4 ,the reader will observe1 that in giving trivial names ,i have strictly followed the method of ,linneus4 ,the ,butterflies entitled to be ranked among the ,equites1 are named after some great personage found among the ,greeks and ,trojans2 as in ,plate iii4 ,fig4 #a4 where ,i have named the insect ,antenor1 from a ,trojan prince2 and ,plate ix4 ,fig4 #a1 #b4 ,menestheus from a ,grecian one2 one belonging to the ,eq4 ,trojanes1 the other to ,eq4 ,achivi4 ,i have likewise followed his rule in naming the insects belonging to other classes2 and given such as ,i concluded to be the most easily retained in the memory4 ,to this end also ,i have used the ,latin language in preference to the ,english1 for the great liberty it allows viof compounding and decompounding words and names2 a circumstance of the greatest consequence in a business of this sort4 ,i should think myself totally unpardonable1 if ,i finished this address without acknowledging the obligation ,i am under to several friends1 whose assistance in this work claim the utmost return of gratitude2 among these1 in a most particular manner ,i must mention ,dr4 ,fothergill1 whose readiness to encourage and promote every part of natural history1 must endear him to every man who wishes well to so useful and beneficial a branch of knowledge2 and it is to the kindness of that gentleman the reader will perceive ,i am indebted for a great number of figures that form a considerable part of this work2 many of which are so very rare1 as not to be met with in any other cabinet4 #a;,,illustrations ,,of ,,exotic ,,entomology4 ---- ,,plate ,i4 ,illustration ,h,,tera ,,philoctetes4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order4 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurua4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swainson4 ,,genus4 ,h,,tera1 ,fabr4 7,syst4 ,gloss4 in ,illig4 ,mag47 ,satyrus1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio p4 ,linn4 ,h,,tera ,,philoctetes4 ,alis supr violaceo-fuscis2 posticis ad angulum ani maculis tribus coeruleis1 externis duabus puncto nigro1 punctisque tribus albis1 subtus fasci lat communi purpureo-fusc utrinque albomarginat4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc4 fere47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,equ4 ,achiv4 ,philoctetes71 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #b4 #gej4 ,no4 #bi4 ,cramer1 tab4 #bj4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #hc4 p4 #bei4 7,nymphalis ,ph47 ,herbst4 tab4 #ee4 fig4 #b4 #c4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #dha4 7,satyrus ,ph47 ,,habitat3 ,surinam 7,drury74 ,in ,indiis4 7,linn47 ,upper ,side4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen dusky brown4 ,anterior wings fine mellow dark brown or snuff colour towards the tips2 but near the body1 glowing with a fine dark glossy purple4 ,near the tip of each wing are two small white specks1 one scarcely visible2 on the lower part of each wing is a rather large oval spot1 of the same snuff colour with that near the tips4 ,posterior edges circularly dilated1 and gradually widening from the shoulders to the external edges4 ,posterior wings dark brown1 but glowing all over in some directions with a dark glossy blueish purple4 ,near the abdominal corners are two black eyes on each wing1 surrounded by beautiful dazzling blue4 ,under ,side4 ,breast and sides yellowish sandy-coloured4 ,anterior wings divided into three parts by two lines or bars2 one being brown and narrow1 the other white and rather broad4 ,the first division1 next the body1 is of a russet or light hair colour1 tinctured with pearl1 having a short black streak near the middle2 the next1 or middle division1 is light brown2 the third is dark clay-coloured4 ,a considerable number of long hairs arising from a single point or stalk1 spreading like the leaves of a fan1 and occupying the space corresponding with the oval spot mentioned before2 those on the outside bending downwards1 and curling4 7,see ,fig4 #c4 ,this circumstance is peculiar to one sex only47 ,posterior wings next the body russet1 with a single black spot near the middle of each4 ,abdominal groove russet4 #b,middle of the wing with a rather broad bar of a fine deep chocolate colour1 beginning at the anterior edge and ending at the abdominal groove2 the upper side of the bar next the body being russet4 ,lower part of the wing1 next the external edge1 of a colour between russet and chocolate1 with three small white spots near the upper corner4 ,the two black eyes are distinct on this side1 with narrow blue irides4 ,the wings are a little dentated4 ,drury's figure represents an individual in which the posterior wings have no appearance of the short tail1 which the species ordinarily exhibits4 ,it may1 perhaps1 originate in the figure being taken from a mutilated specimen4 ,the ,papilio ,morna of ,fabricius1 appears nearly allied to this insect4 ,,thecla ,,faunus female4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #d1 #e4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,lycnid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,thecla1 ,fabr4 ,polyommatus p4 ,latr4 ,hesperia p4 ,fabr4 olim4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 ruric47 ,drury4 ,,thecla ,,faunus4 ,alis supra fuscescenti-violaceis apice atro1 subtus albis strig communi medi fulv2 posticis tricaudatis1 line marginali nigricante maculisque duabus nigro viridique mixtis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 female ,papilio 7,pleb4 ruric47 ,faunus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer1 pl4 #ci4 ,b4 ,c4 male4 #if4 ,f4 ,g4 female4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #afa4 ,no4 #aa4 7,hesperia ,f47 ,encycl4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #fah4 #a4 7,polyommatus ,f47 male ,hesperia ,r4 ,hesiodus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #bfj4 #h4 ,pal4 ,bauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',amer4 ,lep4 ,pl4 #g4 f4 #e4 #f4 #g4 male4 female4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone 7,fabr474 ,gold ,coast 7,drury74 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn ringed with white and black4 ,anterior wings greyish brown1 without markings4 ,posterior wings of the same greyish brown4 ,cilia white4 ,a little above the abdominal corners are four white spots1 placed close together2 the two inner ones being smallest4 ,each of these wings is furnished with three tails1 the upper parts of which are black1 the other parts white2 the middle one being almost as long as the wing1 the other two are about half that length4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 head1 and breast white4 ,legs white and brown4 ,wings fine silvery white4 ,a small1 narrow1 orange-coloured line begins at the middle of the anterior edge of the fore wings3 which1 crossing them and the hind ones1 runs almost to the abdominal corner1 where it suddenly turns back and ends at the abdominal groove4 ,near this part are two small black spots1 one placed between the two outer tails1 and the other on the abdominal edge4 ,fabricius gives the sexes of this insect as distinct species1 under the names cited above1 stating ,india to be the habitat of ,hesiodus 7or the male74 ,palisot de ,bauvois has1 however1 satisfactorily cleared up the error1 by figuring both sexes from ,africa4 ,the male has the disc of the wings1 on the upper side1 of a rich blue colour4 #c,,plate ,,ii4 ,illustration ,,erebus ,,hieroglyphicus4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,erebus1 ,latr4 ,thysania1 ,dalm4 ,noctua1 ,fabr4 ,,erebus ,,hieroglyphicus4 ,alis dentatis atris2 anticis fasci abbreviat albid maculque subocellari1 posticarum margine bisinuato4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #g lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 hieroglyphica1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,donovan ,ins4 ,india1 pl4 #ed4 fig4 #c4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #h4 #bec4 #aa4 ,noctua hieroglyphica1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #b4 p4 #aa4 ,no4 #aj4 ,phalna ,magdonia1 ,cram4 ,ins4 #b4 t4 #agd4 f4 ,f4 ,,habitat3 ,madras4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn setaceous4 ,tongue spiral4 ,thorax and abdomen dark brown4 ,wings beautiful mellow dark brown1 or deep chocolate1 appearing like velvet4 ,anterior wings with two long1 square1 yellow spots on each1 joined together at their corners1 placed near the tips1 and joining to the anterior edges of each wing2 and also a rather large central eye1 almost joining to the anterior edge2 iris black and narrow1 the pupil large1 and the same colour with the wing4 ,posterior wings immaculate4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi filiform at their extremities1 and standing erect over the head4 ,breast1 sides1 and abdomen dark brown4 ,wings dark brown1 rather lighter than on the upper side4 ,anterior with three yellow spots on each4 ,posterior wings immaculate4 ,all the wings dentated2 the scollops of the anterior wings being small1 and those of the posterior very large4 ,,deiopeia8 ,,puella4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,lithosiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,deiopeia8 ,steph4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,deiopeia8 ,,puella4 ,alis anticis albis1 macul parv discoidali nigr1 fasciisque #d transversis rubris1 posticis abdomineque carneis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,puella1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,madras4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn setaceous4 ,head white4 ,tongue spiral4 ,neck red4 ,thorax red and white4 ,abdomen grey4 ,anterior wings white1 having a small black central spot in the middle of each1 with four narrow red lines crossing them4 ,posterior wings yellowish flesh-coloured1 immaculate4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 sides1 and abdomen light grey4 ,anterior wings having the anterior edges tinged with red at the base1 the four narrow red lines being faintly seen on this side4 ,posterior wings coloured as on the upper side4 ,,noctua ,,myrt,a4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,noctua1 ,auct4 ,,noctua ,,myrt,a4 ,testacea1 alis strigis nonnullis undatis fuscis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,myrta1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,madras4 #d,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown and setaceous4 ,palpi1 head1 neck1 thorax1 abdomen1 and wings reddish flesh-coloured2 the latter having some very faint waved lines crossing them4 ,cilia dark brown4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 sides1 legs1 and abdomen coloured as on the upper side4 ,wings yellowish1 with many small narrow streaks4 ,on the external edges of the anterior wings is a dark brown patch1 near the tips4 ,cilia dark brown4 ,i do not know to which of the modern genera of ,noctuid this insect belongs4 ,,heleona ,,papilionaris4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid8 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,heleona1 ,swains4 7,zool4 ,illust4 ,n4 ,ser4 #aaf47 ,gymnautocera8 ,gurin4 7,mag4 d',entomol4 t4 #ab7 ,,heleona ,,papilionaris4 ,alis albido-flavis2 margine venisque dilatatis1 ramosis1 nigris et versus medium coalitis1 maculas albas efformantibus4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,papilionaris1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer1 t4 #bi4 fig4 ,a4 ,phalna venaria1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #b4 p4 #aef4 ,no4 #if4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bdgj4 ,no4 #gja4 ,,habitat3 ,china 7,drury74 ,in ,indis 7,fabr474 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn dark blue and pectinated4 ,tongue spiral4 ,head1 neck1 and thorax dark mazarine blue1 spotted with white4 ,abdomen deep blue1 with six white rings4 ,wings black1 covered with a number of streaks and spots of a dusky brimstone2 those nearest the body being much longer than those next the external edges2 where eight of them form a kind of border on each wing1 and are all placed on the membranous parts between the nerves4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,under ,side4 ,breast and sides blue4 ,legs blue and white4 ,anterior wings with the anterior edges fine mazarine blue4 ,the remaining parts of all the wings are exactly the same as on the upper side4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,illustration ,,papilio ,,antenor4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,papilio1 ,auct4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,troj47 ,drury4 ,,papilio ,,antenor4 ,alis dentatis concoloribus albo maculatis2 posticis caudatis2 disco atomis viridibus lunulisque marginalibus rubris4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #f unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,troj47 ,antenor1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,donovan ,ins4 of ,india1 pl4 #ae4 f4 #a4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #dj4 ,no4 #i4 ,boisd4 ,hist4 ,nat4 ,lep4 #a4 p4 #ahi4 ,no4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,central ,africa4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn red brown1 but thickening gradually to the tips4 ,head fine scarlet4 ,thorax velvety black4 ,abdomen white with scarlet rings4 ,anterior wings black1 with three rows of cream-coloured spots on each2 the two upper ones next the anterior edge being a little confused by running into each other2 the lower one1 running parallel with the external margin1 is more regular4 ,these spots1 being nineteen in number1 are of different sizes and shapes2 some being round1 some oval1 triangular1 c4 ,posterior wings black1 with two tails2 having four rather broad scarlet crescents placed above #e;each of them1 the ends of which are verged with cream4 ,on the middle of each wing is placed a great number of small powder-like spots of a golden green colour2 and on the abdominal edges1 just below the body1 are two scarlet and cream crescents placed opposite each other4 ,the upper part of each wing exhibits ten cream-coloured spots of different shapes and sizes1 whereof three are larger than all the rest4 ,under ,side4 ,breast scarlet4 ,sides black4 ,abdomen scarlet1 with white rings4 ,wings coloured nearly as on the other side2 the spots being rather more distinct1 the crescents broader1 and the cream edges stronger than on the upper side4 ,all the wings are dentated2 the superior very faintly1 the inferior very deeply4 ,drury states that he was ignorant from what part of the world his specimen 7which was given to him by ,mr4 ,leman7 came from4 ,no other individual of this species is recorded to exist in the modern collections1 and it is from the figure and description of ,drury that all subsequent writers have derived their knowledge of this splendid and unique insect4 ,donovan1 however1 figured this butterfly1 or rather copied ,drury's figure in his beautiful work upon the ,insects of ,india1 observing merely that it might be mentioned with much propriety amongst the rarest of the ,papilio tribe found in ,india1 without giving any account of the source from whence his figure and information had been obtained4 ,at the sale of ,mr4 ,drury's collection1 this butterfly composed lot #d of the first day's sale1 ,may #bc1 #ahje1 and was purchased by ,mr4 ,latham at the price of #b4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,the ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,hope1 however1 possesses a specimen1 which he has informed me1 that he obtained in a small collection of rare insects from tropical ,africa1 collected by the late ,mr4 ,ritchie4 ,,thecla ,,sylvanus4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #b1 #c4 ,,order ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,lycnid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,thecla1 ,fabr4 ,polyommatus p4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,hesperia p4 ,fabr4 olim4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 ruric47 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,,thecla ,,sylvanus4 ,alis supr maris obscur violaceis1 femin albido coerulescentibus2 subtus fuscis1 annulis numerosis albis seu albidis2 posticis ocellis duobus anguli ani argenteis rufo cinctis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rur47 ,sylvanus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,pap4 ,larydas1 ,cramer1 pl4 #bhb4 fig4 ,h4 ,herbst4 tab4 #bij4 f4 #a4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 #fai4 7,polyommatus ,larydas47 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen black4 ,wings of a dark mazarine blue1 tinged with brown2 immaculate4 ,posterior wings with three small narrow tails to each1 which appear to be clusters of small hairs1 extending from the wing below the cilia4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 and thighs grey4 ,wings russet or hair-coloured4 ,anterior near the tips with a few faint markings4 ,posterior wings irregularly spotted with black1 dark brown1 and whitish #fspots and marks2 two black ones being situated next the abdominal corners1 and sparkling with small sapphire-coloured specks placed thereon1 being scarcely discernible4 ,all the wings are entire4 ,,polyommatus ,,isis4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #d1 #e4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,lycnid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,polyommatus1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,hesperia 7rur471 ,fabr4 ,argus p4 ,scop4 ,,polyommatus ,,isis4 ,alis supra violaceo-coerulescentibus1 disco anticarum macul1 posticarum fasci albis2 subtus albis2 posticis fasciis duabus repandis1 et macularum serie nigris1 harum duabus internis argentatis male4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,festiv47 ,isis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #a4 ,hesperia ,isarchus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #caf4 #aih4 ,herbst4 ,pap4 #cbj4 f4 #h1 #i4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #fgi4 ,no4 #aid4 7,pol4 ,isarchus47 ,papilio ,camillus1 ,cramer1 pl4 #cjj4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone 7,drury74 ,america1 ,dom4 ,drury 7,fabricius74 ,timor 7,enc4 ,mth474 ,upper ,side4 ,head1 black4 ,thorax and abdomen dark blue4 ,anterior wings fine violet1 a little inclining to purple2 round the external edge runs a small narrow black line4 ,cilia white and black4 ,on the middle of these wings is a white patch1 with two small faint dark spots on its upper side4 ,posterior wings violet-coloured1 with the same narrow black line running along the external edges as on the anterior4 ,an irregular white bar crosses these wings from the anterior to the abdominal edges1 beginning near the upper corner and ending near the extremity of the body4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 and sides white4 ,legs black4 ,abdomen white4 ,anterior wings white1 with some dark brown markings running along the anterior and external edges1 whereon are some white streaks and patches4 ,posterior wings white1 whereof one-third next the external edges is dark brown1 but next the cilia is whitish2 whereon are six small round brown spots1 two of which1 next the abdominal corners1 sparkle with blue like a sapphire2 the upper parts of these wings1 next the shoulders1 have a brown double streak on each4 ,all the wings are entire4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,illustration ,,papilio ,,nireus4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,papilio1 ,linn4 c4 7,section ,equit4 ,achiv47 ,,papilio ,,nireus4 ,alis dentatis1 nigris1 fasci communi maculisque viridibus2 posticis breviter caudatis2 his subtus fasci subargente1 marginali1 nervis divis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 unc4 #d4 lin4 #h47 ,,syn4 ,papilio ,nireus1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #b4 p4 #gej4 ,no4 #bh4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cf4 ,no4 #ajf4 ,god4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #dh4 ,no4 #fg4 ,cram4 #ahg4 ,a4 ,b4 #cgh4 ,f4 ,g4 ,herbst4 ,pap4 tab4 #cg4 f4 #a4 #b4 ,boisduval4 ,hist4 ,nat4 ,lepid4 #a4 #bbd4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone 7,drury74 ,coast of ,guinea1 ,caffraria1 ,madagascar 7,bdv474 ,india 7,linn4 ,fabr474 ,upper ,side4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen velvety black4 ,wings fine deep black2 with two narrow bars of a beautiful ,saxon or blueish green colour1 which begin about the middle of the anterior edges of the anterior wings1 and crossing both them and the posterior1 meet at the abdominal edges near the #g;abdominal corners1 running parallel with the external edges4 ,anterior wings with two small blue spots placed on each near the tips1 and another1 larger1 divided into three by the nerves1 near the middle of the anterior edge2 being placed at the top and even with the bar1 but divided from it by a small separation of black4 ,the edges of these wings are entire4 ,posterior wings with six blue spots on each1 placed along the external edges2 the four lower ones being in pairs1 and another small one at the abdominal corners2 margins deeply angulated4 ,under ,side4 ,breast and sides dark brown1 spotted with white4 ,abdomen brown4 ,wings dark brown hair-coloured1 immaculate1 except the posterior ones1 which have a row of eleven cream-coloured spots running along the external edges4 ,the female differs from the male in being somewhat larger in size1 with the spots on the upper side of a brighter green colour1 and with the marginal row of spots on the under side of the posterior wings of a pearly greyish hue1 and with a tinge of this colour upon the disk of the wings4 ,cramer has figured the male as the female1 and vice versa4 ,mr4 ,smeathman informed ,mr4 ,drury that this insect feeds upon the orange and lime trees1 about which the butterfly is always seen flying1 considering it as remarkable that most of the insects which feed upon the orange or citron tribes1 have some tinge of green upon them2 in like manner the beautiful green snake1 so common about ,sierra ,leone1 is always to be found about these kind of trees4 ,these circumstances led our author into a series of observations which1 though upwards of half a century old1 may still be read not only with pleasure1 but with the hope of beneficial results4 ,the particular qualities1 dispositions1 and uses of by far the greater part of insects1 as well as of plants1 are at present totally unknown to us1 nor are the methods by which we are to acquire that knowledge at present ascertained4 ,their colours have hitherto been of no further use to us than merely to discriminate one genus or species from another2 and yet it is possible that1 by a combination of observations even on the colours of insects1 we may form some ideas of their natures and properties4 ,the observation of ,mr4 ,smeathman1 if well founded1 supposing it did not lead to a discovery of the nature and properties of an insect itself1 might at least indicate those of the plant on which it feeds4 ,the various species of the ,danai ,candidi1 among which are included the different white butterflies of ,europe1 feed chiefly on such plants as are reckoned not only nourishing1 but salutary to the human body1 such as the various species of cabbages1 coleworts1 turnips1 c4 ,every foreign country produces butterflies of that family2 some of them so very like those of ,europe1 that it is a fair inference they feed on plants of a similar property4 ,this is countenanced by many corroborating circumstances4 ,the ,papilio ,iris1 and the various ,fritillary butterflies fly exceedingly swift2 and it appears from ,mr4 ,smeathman's observations1 that foreign butterflies that bear a resemblance to them1 also fly exceedingly swift4 ,the green and golden ,scarabei of this country are found to delight in flowers2 those of the hot climates are also found on flowers2 while the black1 #hpurple1 and darker coloured ,scarabei1 are generally found frequenting the excrements of animals1 and are1 in every quarter of the globe1 called ,tumble dung-beetles1 from their making balls of those substances1 and rolling them to their holes4 ,the locust tribes feed here chiefly on grasses and roots2 so it appears they do in the torrid zone4 ,those of the torrid zone are found to be wholesome food4 ,the inference is plain1 that those of this climate1 in case of necessity1 or perhaps even as an article of luxury1 might be found the same4 ,the caterpillars of certain beetles1 from his account1 are the greatest delicacies of the hot regions4 ,they might1 in some degree1 be found to be so here4 ,the palm-worm of the ,west ,indies1 which is sought at a monstrous expense1 is the caterpillar or maggot of a beetle1 of the same genus with that small beetle1 which is produced from the maggot or caterpillar in a hazel-nut or filberd4 ,this is often eaten here1 and esteemed by those who do so as more delicate than the nut itself4 ,the ,cantharides is a green beetle4 ,a green beetle of our own1 ,cerambyx ,moschatus1 is found capable of raising blisters2 and other green beetles may probably have the same effect4 ,the butterflies that are found in the cultivated spots of ,africa1 have in shape and appearance a strong resemblance to many of ours1 particularly the white ones4 ,these seldom visit the thick woods2 but1 when seen in any number1 are certain indications of neighbouring plantations4 ,this observation might save the lives of bewildered travellers3 as in some instances it might be dangerous to enter into a very large wood1 or a thick part of it2 in others again1 immediate safety might be the consequence of leaving a forest1 by following the indications of an open or cultivated spot4 ,the analogy between the colours1 the dispositions1 and the qualities of insects1 may yet be greater1 and between insects1 and the plants on which they feed1 still more useful2 for if an insect is found in one part of the world to feed on a plant useful in food1 medicine1 or manufactures1 an insect of a similar appearance1 in another part of the world1 will in all probability be found to feed on a plant of similar virtues4 ,we do not know but insects may affect1 when perfect1 to frequent different soils2 or to visit the recesses1 where valuable drugs remain hid from human search1 and useless to mankind4 ,as1 however1 observation and experience have demonstrated1 through length of time1 that useful hints may be drawn from very trivial properties in the smallest insects1 it seems that none are unworthy of being noted4 ,future travellers may draw useful inferences from those now given1 and may add to the number1 for the benefit of those who follow after them4 ,there can be no doubt that every species of insect has its use in the creation1 and probably there are few from which mankind might not derive some advantage1 if their nature and properties were ascertained4 ,we know of a few direct methods1 and must therefore in general wait with patience1 till a variety of observations1 such as ,mr4 ,smeathman has given us1 by being frequently compared1 strike out new lights upon this part of #iscience1 and elucidate matters at this time buried in obscurity4 ,the uses of many insects in the creation are obvious at the first sight3 such1 for instance1 are those which feed on putrid animal or vegetable substances2 while others promote the general good by such remote means1 that we cannot immediately see to what end their operations verge4 ,we are not therefore1 however1 to suppose them mere expletives in the great system of beings2 neither are we rashly to attribute an importance to them which they do not deserve1 or ridiculously affect to admire circumstances in them of little moment1 and praise the ,creator for dispositions of a secondary nature4 ,when ,i recommend observations to be made on the most trivial circumstances1 it will readily be conceived ,i do not wish to derogate from experiment1 from which alone solid hopes are to be formed1 and those which have been hitherto made give great encouragement4 ,mr4 ,reaumur has found that the moth1 which feeds on clothes1 refines the colour with which they are dyed in a wonderful manner2 for the excrement of the animal is the colour of the cloth on which it is fed2 and therefore1 for miniature paintings1 infinitely surpasses all others4 ,how far this kind of experiment can be refined on1 must be left to the curiosity and diligence of travellers and experimental philosophers1 who may perhaps1 in some part of the world1 realize and improve this reasoning upon a large and useful scale4 ,,melit,a ,,cytheris4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,,melit,a1 ,fabr4 ,argynnis p4 ,ochs4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,drury4 ,,melit,a ,,cytheris4 ,alis supra fulvis nigro maculatis1 subtus anticis fulvis apice fusco1 strig alb1 posticis fuscis strig discoidali maculque marginali albis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,ph47 ,cytheris1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,falkland ,islands4 ,upper ,side4 ,head1 eyes1 thorax1 and abdomen dark brown4 ,anterior wings brown orange1 with a number of small black spots thereon 7not less than twenty7 of various shapes and sizes4 ,next the body these wings are darker and pilose4 ,posterior wings are the same colour as the superior1 and spotted with many small black spots of different shapes dispersed all over the wings2 they are also darker next the body and hairy4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi reddish4 ,anterior wings sandy orange-coloured1 rather paler than the upper side4 ,near the tips is a white streak placed next the anterior margin1 and close thereto is a cloud of a dark red colour4 ,most of the small black spots are seen on this side1 but less distinctly4 ,posterior wings dark red1 with several faint clouds4 ,a narrow white streak1 about a quarter of an inch in length1 is placed near the middle of each of these wings2 and another much shorter is placed on the anterior edge1 near the upper corner4 ,all the wings are entire4 #aj,,plate ,v4 ,illustration ,,saturnia ,,mylitta4 ,plate ,v4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,saturnia1 ,schrank4 ,attacus1 ,germar4 ,phalna 7,attacus71 ,linn4 ,,saturnia ,,mylitta4 ,alis cervino-fulvis1 strig ferrugine submarginali ocelloque fenestrato1 in medio line diviso4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #f unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,attacus7 ,mylitta1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #e4 #bf4 #i4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #daa4 ,no4 #aa4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bdjc4 #dfc4 ,phalna ,paphia1 ,cramer1 t4 #adf4 f4 ,a4 ,,habitat3 ,bengal4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn pectinated1 reddish fox-coloured4 ,neck grey4 ,thorax and abdomen greyish yellow4 ,wings reddish fox-coloured1 having a round transparent eye in the middle of each2 those in the superior being largest4 ,these eyes are encircled with a narrow yellow edging1 then with a greyish band1 and lastly with a narrow black line2 the transparent pupil appearing as if a fine hair crossed it4 ,the anterior edges of the superior wings have a grey margin from the shoulders almost to the tips1 where the reddish colour is paler than on the rest of the wing4 ,a narrow dark line begins near the tips1 and runs along the external edges to the lower corners1 which is continued along the external edges of the posterior wings to the abdominal corners4 ,on these wings a faint arched line of a dark colour is observable over each eye4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 feet1 and abdomen grey4 ,the wings greyish brown2 eyes appearing as on the upper side4 ,a faint dark-coloured bar1 beginning at the anterior edges of the anterior wings1 and running across the lower parts of the eyes1 is continued along the posterior ones2 where it crosses the middle of the eyes1 and ends at the abdominal edges below the body4 ,all the wings are entire2 the superior ones being arched1 or hooked at the tips4 ,,noctua8 ,,speciosa4 ,plate ,v4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid8 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,noctua8 ,auct4 ,,noctua8 ,,speciosa4 ,fulva1 alis anticis medio1 posticisque albidis1 illarum basi fulvo1 maculis #f parvis nigris1 dimidio apicali obscuriori4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,speciosa1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black1 setaceous4 ,tongue long and spiral4 ,head1 neck1 thorax1 and abdomen yellow4 ,anterior wings pale clay-coloured2 but next the shoulders yellow1 gradually changing to a white towards the middle of the wings1 and occupying almost half of them2 each wing having six small black spots on the yellow part1 three being placed on the anterior edge1 and the other three near the shoulder1 where likewise is another small spot4 ,posterior wings white1 immaculate4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi long and yellow at the base1 but the ends are black and filiform4 ,legs white1 striped with brown4 ,breast and abdomen white4 ,anterior wings with the tips pale clay-coloured1 as on the upper side2 all the remaining part being white4 ,a small black bar begins about the middle of #aathe anterior margin1 and crossing the wing ends at the lower corner4 ,next the shoulders is a small tuft of hairs of a silver colour placed on each wing4 ,posterior wings white and immaculate4 ,the margin of the wings entire4 ,this and several nearly allied species of tropical moths constitute a very distinct subgenus characterized by the prevailing colour1 the spots at the base of the wings1 the elongated palpi1 and the peculiar neuration of the anterior wings4 ,i have not1 however1 ventured to propose the establishment of a subgenus for them4 ,they appear in some respects to be allied to the genus ,leucania4 ,,callimorpha8 ,,pylotis4 ,plate ,v4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,lithosiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,callimorpha8 ,latr4 ,setina p4 ,schr4 ,phalna 7,bombyx71 ,drury4 ,,callimorpha8 ,,pylotis4 ,alis atro-coeruleis1 anticis fasci lat medi alb4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx7 ,pylotis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #e4 #ii4 ,no4 #bee4 ,fabr4 ,sp4 ,ins4 ,no4 #bfc4 ,syst4 ,ent4 #ehe4 ,phalna cribraria1 ,clerck4 ,ins4 #ed4 f4 #d4 ,,habitat3 ,bay of ,honduras4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black and pectinated4 ,tongue orange-coloured1 and spiral4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen fine mazarine blue4 ,anterior wings dark mazarine1 having a single white bar running from the middle of the anterior edge to the lower corner4 ,a small part of the cilia at the tips is white1 the rest being of the same colour as the wings4 ,posterior wings of the same colour as the superior1 and immaculate1 except the cilia1 which is entirely white4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi black4 ,neck white4 ,breast and sides mazarine4 ,the legs black and white4 ,abdomen orange1 ringed with mazarine4 ,wings coloured as on the upper side2 but next the body of a finer and stronger blue4 ,the white part of the tips is also stronger and more distinct4 ,the margins of all the wings are entire4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,illustration ,,botys 7,,desmia87 ,,sericea4 ,plate ,,vi4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,pyralid4 ,,genus4 ,,botys1 ,latr4 ,,subgenus3 ,desmia8 ,westw4 in ,guer4 ,mag4 d',ent4 ,,botys 7,,desmia87 ,,sericea4 ,alis sericeis viridi-margaritaceis1 anticarum margine antico luteo4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,pyralis7 ,sericea1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,gold ,coast of ,africa4 ,upper ,side4 ,head light green4 ,eyes black4 ,antenn thread-like1 and very long2 appearing at the middle as if they had been broken1 and had branched out again to their proper length4 ,thorax and abdomen light green4 ,tail dark brown4 ,wings fine light green1 almost transparent1 and resembling mother of pearl4 ,anterior edges of the anterior wings pale orange-coloured4 #ab,under ,side4 ,palpi1 neck1 breast1 abdomen1 and legs light green2 except the anterior tibi1 which are pale orange4 ,tail dark brown4 ,wings of the same colour as on the upper side1 immaculate4 ,wings entire4 ,the curious structure of the antenn of this insect 7which is1 doubtless1 peculiar to the males alone7 is very similar to that of ,desmia maculalis1 7,westw4 in ,mag4 ,zool47 but the larger size1 pearly wings1 and different quarters of the globe in which these two species are found1 make it doubtful whether the two insects belong strictly to the same subgenus4 ,it is evidently nearly allied to the ,british genus ,margaritia4 ,mr4 ,smeathman informed ,drury that this is one of the ,phaln which fly during the day4 ,a little noise or rustling disturbs it1 when it takes rapid flights of twenty or thirty yards1 hiding itself with great ingenuity1 which makes it difficult to catch4 ,,saturnia ,,cynthia4 ,plate ,,vi4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,saturnia1 ,schrank4 ,attacus1 ,germar4 ,bombyx p4 ,fabr4 ,,saturnia ,,cynthia4 ,alis falcatis luteo-fuscis1 fasci communi albid strig basali lunulque discoidali2 anticis ocello parvo apicali4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #e unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,attacus7 ,cynthia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #e4 #cj4 #bf4 ,,habitat3 ,china4 ,upper ,side4 ,head greyish brown4 ,antenn strongly pectinated4 ,thorax and abdomen greyish4 ,anterior wings with a bar rising near the middle of the anterior margin1 continued along the posterior wings parallel with the external edges1 and ending near the abdominal corners2 the inner part forming an equilateral triangle4 ,the outer part of this triangle is ash colour1 the inner part pale brownish grey1 but darker than the rest of the wings4 ,the tips of the superior wings are adorned with a small eye1 the lower part of which is black1 and the upper part white2 from whence a faint white serpentine line runs to the very extremity of the wing4 ,the spaces between the ash colour mentioned above1 and the external edges of all the wings1 are filled up with light brownish grey1 appearing as if powdered thinly with black dust4 ,a small narrow black line runs along the external edges of all the wings1 which1 beginning at the abdominal corners and ending at the tips1 appears as if broken or interrupted just below the eyes4 ,a narrow ash-coloured bar begins on the posterior edges next the shoulders of the superior wings1 which1 running towards the tips1 suddenly turns off1 and ends on the anterior edges about half an inch from the shoulders4 ,on the middle of the posterior wings is an ash-coloured crescent1 verged at top with black2 and about a quarter of an inch above this is another crescent1 larger and much fainter1 running from the anterior to the abdominal edge1 and ending at the extremity of the body4 ,under ,side4 ,all the parts on this side are nearly of the same colour as on the upper1 but not quite so distinct and bright4 ,the angular bar on the anterior wings next the shoulders1 and the faint crescent on the posterior1 not being discernible4 ,the margins of all the wings are entire2 the superior ones being hooked at their tips4 #ac;,from ,dr4 ,roxburgh's interesting memoir upon the silk-producing moths of the ,east ,indies1#a it appears that this species is named the ,arundi or ,arrindy silk-worm1 the caterpillars feeding upon the ,arrindi1 ,ricinus1 or ,palma ,christi4 ,it is capable of being reared in the same way as the common silk-worm1 the eggs are hatched in about ten or fifteen days2 in about a month the caterpillars attain their full size1 during which period they cast their skins three or four times4 ,the caterpillar is from two and a half to three inches in length1 each segment being furnished with several small soft conical tubercles1 the prevailing colour being pale green4 ,in this state they are very voracious1 devouring daily many times their own weight of food4 ,the cocoons are white or yellowish1 of a very soft and delicate texture2 in general about two or three inches in length1 and three in circumference1 and pointed at both ends4 ,in this cocoon the chrysalis remains from ten to twenty days1 the moth appearing at one end1 the period of its final state not extending beyond from four to eight days4 ,the moths are quiet1 seldom attempting to fly from the apartment in which they are reared4 ,the silk is so exceedingly delicate and flossy1 that it is impracticable to wind it off2 it is1 therefore1 spun like cotton1 and the thread thus manufactured is woven into a coarse kind of white cloth1 of a loose texture1 but of surprising durability1 the life of one person seldom being sufficient to wear out a garment made from it1 the same piece descending from mother to daughter4 ,it is used not only for clothing1 but also for packing light clothes1 c4 ,some manufacturers in ,england to whom it was shewn seemed to think that it could be made here into shawls equal to any received from ,india4 ,,deiopeia ,,astrea4 ,plate ,,vi4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,lithosiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,deiopeia1 ,steph4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,deiopeia ,,astrea4 ,alis fulvis2 anticis fasciis septem albidis nigro-punctatis1 posticis fulvis nigro-punctatis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #g lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,astrea1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #h4 #bfa4 7,noctua ,a47 ,phalna 7,bomb47 ,pylotis8 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #dgi4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bddj4 #ege4 ,phal4 ,geometra cribrata1 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bdhb4 #gea4 ,,habitat3 ,the ,gold ,coast1 ,africa4 ,upper ,side4 ,head deep yellow4 ,antenn filiform1 dark brown4 ,neck and thorax yellow1 with two small black spots on the former1 and four on the latter4 ,abdomen yellow4 ,wings deep yellow2 the anterior being nearly orange-coloured1 and having several rows of small black spots crossing them from the anterior to the posterior edges1 most of which are very irregular and uneven2 the two last next the external edges being the least so4 ,the number of spots on each of these wings is forty4 ,posterior wings with black spots1 but much larger than those on the anterior1 except three1 which run along the external edges2 the whole number being eleven4 #ad,under ,side4 ,palpi yellow1 tipped with black4 ,tongue spiral4 ,legs1 breast1 and abdomen yellow1 the last spotted with black4 ,wings deep yellow4 ,the anterior spotted with forty black spots1 larger and stronger than on the upper side4 ,posterior wings also spotted as on the upper side4 ,edges of all the wings entire4 ,,callimorpha8 ,,glaucopis4 ,plate ,,vi4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,callimorpha8 ,latr4 ,zygna p4 ,fabr4 ,phalna 7,bombyx71 ,drury4 ,,callimorpha8 ,,glaucopis4 ,collari sanguineo1 alis nigricantibus1 anticis fasci obliqu nive4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx ,spiriling47 ,glaucopis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer1 tab4 #cbb4 f4 ,d4 ,zygna ,glaucopis1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #djj4 ,no4 #dg4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcig4 #adj4 7,sphinx47 ,,habitat3 ,bengal 7,drury74 ,carolina 7,fabr474 ,upper ,side4 ,head black4 ,antenn black1 and very large and deeply pectinated4 ,neck fine scarlet4 ,thorax and abdomen black1 tinged with mazarine4 ,wings black1 immaculate2 except the anterior1 whereon is a white bar1 beginning near the middle of the anterior edge1 crossing the wing1 and ending at the lower corners4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi small and black4 ,tongue spiral4 ,breast mazarine1 intermingled with black4 ,legs long and black4 ,thighs mazarine4 ,abdomen black1 tinged with mazarine4 ,wings coloured as on the upper side4 ,edges entire4 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,illustration ,,id,a ,,lyncea4 ,plate ,,vii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,,id,a1 ,fabr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,fest4 or ,eq4 ,hel471 ,drury4 ,,id,a ,,lyncea4 ,alis elongatis integerrimis cinerascentibus1 venis maculisque permultis nigris2 anticis subfalcatis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #f unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio ,lynceus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,papilio ,idea1 ,stoll4 ,suppl4 ,cramer1 pl4 #db4 f4 #a4 ,idea ,lyncea1 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #aie4 ,,habitat3 ,the ,island of ,johanna1 near ,madagascar4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black and subfiliform4 ,head1 neck1 and thorax black1 spotted1 and streaked with white4 ,abdomen black4 ,wings almost transparent1 and of a glassy hue1 much resembling common glass2 having a great number of black spots like velvet on them of different shapes and sizes1 some being round1 some oblong1 and others like streaks2 there being on each of the anterior wings twenty-eight distinct ones1 besides those placed next the anterior edges1 which are not easily ascertained1 from their running into one another4 ,posterior wings with thirty-three distinct spots like those on the anterior1 whereof some appear double4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi white4 ,tongue black1 and spiral4 ,breast1 sides1 and legs streaked with black and white4 ,abdomen white4 ,wings coloured as on the upper side4 ,margins of the wings entire4 #ae,the ,linnan specific name of the type of the present genus was ,papilio ,idea1 a name admirably expressive of the delicate transparent structure of these butterflies4 ,as several closely-allied species were discovered in addition to the original type1 all partaking of the same appearance1 ,fabricius transposed the original specific name into that of the genus2 a new specific name1 ,agelia1 being given to the original species1 which is beautifully figured by ,donovan1 in his ,insects of ,india1 ,pl4 #bd1 and is by him considered identical with the insect figured by ,drury4 ,i have adopted the opinion of the authors of the ,encyclopdie ,mthodique1 who consider the two insects as distinct4 ,,acr,a ,,camoena4 ,plate ,,vii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,genus4 ,,acr,a1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,helicon471 ,fabr4 c4 ,,acr,a ,,camoena4 ,alis oblongis fuscis1 posticis basi nigro-punctatis ad extimum fasci flavescente transvers extus nigro-marginat4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,helic47 ,camoena1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,herbst4 ,pap4 t4 #ha4 f4 #c4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #agc4 ,no4 #eci4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #bcd4 7,acra ,c47 ,,habitat3 ,cape ,coast1 ,africa4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,neck1 thorax1 and abdomen black1 spotted with white4 ,anterior wings dark snuff colour1 immaculate4 ,about two-thirds of the posterior wings 7upwards7 also snuff-coloured1 having some faint black spots thereon1 seen more distinctly on the other side2 beneath this is a yellow clay-coloured bar1 running from the abdominal corner and ending near the external edge by the upper corner2 below this bar is a black indented margin running along the external edge1 with some small faint spots thereon1 which are much stronger on the other side4 ,abdominal groove clay-coloured2 and on each wing next the shoulders is a small triangular clay spot4 ,,under ,,side4 ,palpi clay-coloured4 ,breast and sides black1 with white spots4 ,anterior wings coloured as on the upper side4 ,posterior wings clay-coloured1 with twelve black distinct spots1 two near the upper corners being small and round4 ,these wings next the breast are black1 with some white spots thereon2 and along the external edges is a black indented margin1 with eight small white spots on it1 two of which next the abdominal corners are joined together4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,,heliconia ,,diaphana4 ,plate ,,vii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,genus4 ,,heliconia1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,helicon471 ,drury1 c4 ,,heliconia ,,diaphana4 ,alis oblongis integerrimis hyalinis1 margine omni fascique transvers abbreviat anticarum fusco-nigris1 posticis subtus cost baseos sulphure4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,helic47 ,diaphanus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer1 pl4 #bca4 ,c4 and pl4 #cae4 ,d4 ,e4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #ahd4 ,no4 #egj4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica1 ,brazil to ,virginia 7,enc4 ,mth474 #af,upper ,side4 ,antenn black1 and very long4 ,thorax and abdomen dark brown4 ,wings transparent1 vitreous4 ,anterior ones with the posterior edges bending as it were inwards4 ,a small narrow border of dark brown runs entirely round the edges of these wings2 and on the anterior edges1 about a third from the tips1 runs a dark brown streak towards the middle of the wing1 close to which is a small white spot joining to the anterior edge4 ,posterior wings having also a very narrow border running about two-thirds round them1 and stopping at the abdominal edges2 some long yellowish hairs are placed on the anterior edges near the body4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 sides1 ash-coloured4 ,the dark brown borders surrounding the wings appear on this side of an orange brown colour2 the rest as on the upper side4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,illustration ,,nymphalis ,,salmacis4 ,plate ,,viii4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymphalis ,phal471 ,drury1 c4 ,,nymphalis ,,salmacis4 ,alis dentatis1 supra nigris disco coeruleo-radiatis1 subtus fuscis2 fasci strigque maculari albidis 7female74 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,ph47 ,salmacis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,herbst4 tab4 #aff4 f4 #e4 #f4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #acb4 ,no4 #djh4 ,papilio ,omphale1 ,stoll4 ,suppl4 ,cram4 pl4 #bf4 f4 #a4 #a4 ,a4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone 7,drury74 ,amboina 7,stoll474 ,upper ,side4 ,antennae black4 ,neck spotted with grey4 ,thorax and abdomen black4 ,anterior wings next the body black brown1 but at the tips russet1 or dark hair-coloured2 about a quarter of an inch from thence are two small white spots placed on each wing1 near the anterior margin2 near the middle is a short white bar1 crossed by the black nerves of the wing1 whose under part joins to a patch of blue which runs to the posterior margin4 ,posterior wings next the body black brown1 but along the external edges a little lighter4 ,a white bar on each rises at the abdominal groove1 and runs to the middle of the wing towards the anterior edge1 being margined with blue which seems to shoot in rays2 a row of twelve small white spots runs along the external edge in pairs4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 neck1 and breast black brown1 spotted with white4 ,anterior wings russet1 darkest next the body2 the white spots and bar being very plain on this side1 with the addition of a row of white spots running half way along the external edges4 ,posterior wings russet1 with the same marks and spots as on the other side1 but rather of a pearl colour4 ,margins of the wings dentated1 the indentings being white4 ,,pieris ,,pasithoe4 ,plate ,,viii4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,pieris1 ,schrank4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,boisduval4 ,pontia p4 ,ochs4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand4 or ,heliconii71 ,linn4 ,drury1 c4 ,,pieris ,,pasithoe4 ,alis suboblongis nigris1 supr coerulescenti-albo-maculatis1 posticis subts disco flavo1 nigro venoso1 fascique baseos ferrugine incurv4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,helicon47 ,pasithoe1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #b4 #gee4 ,no4 #ec4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #agi4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand47 ,dione1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,papilio ,porsenna1 ,cramer1 pl4 #dc4 fig4 ,d4 ,e4 pl4 #ceb4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,pieris ,pasithoe1 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #adh4 ,boisduval ,hist4 ,nat4 ,lep4 #a4 p4 #dea4 ,,habitat3 ,india 7,drury74 ,china1 ,bengal 7,boisduval74 #ag,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen dirty black4 ,wings soot-coloured1 or dirty black1 having a small white spot in the middle of the anterior2 a row of oblong white spots runs from the anterior edge to the lower corner1 some being pointed and placed a little distance from the tips2 base of the wings powdered with white dust1 increasing to a clear white as it recedes from the body4 ,the posterior wings powdered in the same manner2 and having four pointed white spots on each1 crossing them from the upper to the abdominal corners4 ,abdominal groove yellow1 extending towards the middle of the wing4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 sides1 and breast sooty4 ,neck and abdomen grey4 ,anterior wings as on the upper side1 but the white more distinct4 ,posterior wings next the body black1 and surrounded by a red circle4 ,the remainder of the wings principally yellow1 having the nerves and also a margin running along the external edges soot-coloured4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,illustration ,,papilio ,,menestheus4 ,plate ,,ix4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,papilio1 ,auct4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,ach47 ,drury4 ,,papilio ,,menestheus4 ,alis dentatis1 caudatis1 nigris1 fasci maculari maculisque marginalibus flavis1 omnibus subtus basi albido striatis1 posticis lunulis rufis coerulescentibusque4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #e unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,ach47 ,menestheus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cram4 pl4 #adb4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #ca4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #ei4 ,boisd4 ,hist4 ,nat4 ,lep4 #a4 p4 #bcf4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone 7,drury74 ,india 7erroneously1 ,fabr474 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown4 ,the head1 thorax1 and abdomen greenish black4 ,anterior wings black1 covered with minute green spots1 the tips like black velvet4 ,some long russet-coloured hairs1 occupying a space the size of a sixpence1 are situated close to the posterior margin1 near the lower corner2 there are also twenty lemon-coloured spots on each1 eight of which are very small and marginal2 eight other oblong spots form a bar1 rising on the anterior margin and running obliquely across the wings1 meeting near the extremity of the body4 ,posterior wings velvety black1 covered at the base with small green spots1 and having five lemon spots running along the external edges4 ,each of these wings is furnished with a tail1 having a lemon spot on each side2 and on the abdominal edge is an eye1 whose under part is red1 and the upper blue4 ,near the upper corner is a red spot1 hidden in the figure by the superior wings4 ,under ,side4 ,head and breast ash-coloured4 ,all the spots and marks which on the upper side are lemon colour1 on this are pale cream-coloured4 ,anterior wings soot-coloured1 the spots very distinct2 those next the external edges being larger1 with many cream-coloured stripes at the base running longitudinally parallel with the tendons both of the anterior and posterior wings4 ,these are adorned with several eyes of velvety black2 the upper sides being blue1 and the under orange verged with cream4 ,the marginal spots are considerably larger than on the upper side4 #ah,,thecla ,,thetis female4 ,plate ,,ix4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,lycnid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,thecla1 ,fabr4 ,polyommatus p4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,hesperia p4 ,fabr4 ,linn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand471 ,drury4 ,,thecla ,,thetis4 ,alis integris2 maris supra fulvis margine exteriori nigro2 foemin fuscis disco albo3 subtus albis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio ,thetis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer1 pl4 #bch4 fig4 ,d4 female4 ,hesperia ,phdrus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cjg4 male4 ,hesperia sopus1 ,fabr4 op4 cit4 p4 #cjg4 female4 ,papilio ,cinyra1 ,cram4 pl4 #bch4 ,c4 male4 ,polyommatus ,phdrus1 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #fge4 ,no4 #aha4 ,,habitat3 ,bombay 7,drury74 ,bengal1 ,coromandel 7,enc4 ,mth474 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen dark brown4 ,wings russet1 or dark hair-coloured1 with a white spot in the middle of each1 of an oblong shape in the anterior wings1 and much smaller and placed transversely in the posterior4 ,cilia and abdominal groove white4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 and legs white4 ,wings on this side fine silvery white1 immaculate4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,i have reverted to the original name first proposed by ,drury4 ,,plate ,x4 ,illustration ,,biblis ,,undularis4 ,plate ,x4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,genus4 ,,biblis1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymphalis71 ,fab4 olim4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal471 ,drury4 ,,biblis ,,undularis4 ,alis dentatis nigris aut fuscis2 anticis supr fasci apicali cyane1 posticis externe ferrugineis1 omnibus subtus ferrugineo undulatis1 punctoque costali posticarum albo4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #g lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,undularis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer1 pl4 #bef4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #abg4 ,no4 #chi4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #cbf4 7,biblis ,und47 ,,habitat3 ,east ,indies 7,drury74 ,coromandel1 ,java 7,enc4 ,mth474 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen brown4 ,superior wings dark brown1 somewhat lighter along the external edges1 with an oblong subapical blue streak1 beneath which are four oval blue spots placed along the external edges1 discernible only when the light falls in a particular direction4 ,posterior wings reddish clay-coloured1 surrounding a dark brown patch placed on the upper part4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 abdomen1 and legs brown4 ,wings dark reddish clay1 with short red streaks all over the wings1 and a white spot placed at the middle of the anterior edges of the posterior wings4 ,margins of the wings dentated4 #ai,,nymphalis 7,,limenitis7 ,,arthemis4 ,plate ,x4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,papilio 7,nymphal4 ,phal471 ,linn4 ,drury1 c4 ,,subgenus3 ,limenitis1 ,fabr4 ,steph4 ,,nymphalis 7,,limenitis7 ,,arthemis4 ,alis dentatis fuscis2 utrinque fasci communi alb strigisque duabus lunularum coerulescentium1 subtus rufo-maculatis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #f lin4--#c unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymphal4 ,phal47 ,arthemis1 ,drury1 ,append4 vol44 #b ,say4 ,amer4 ,entomol4 #b4 pl4 #bc4 ,papilio ,lamina1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #aah4 #cfa4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #chj4 7,nymphalis ,l47 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn1 head1 thorax1 and abdomen black4 ,wings black1 at the base surrounded by a white band1 separating it from the external part1 which is black likewise4 ,on the anterior wings1 near the tips1 are four small white spots1 the two uppermost being largest2 along the external edges is a narrow marginal row of small blue crescents1 continued along the posterior wings1 where it is double1 having above it a row of brown orange spots1 verged at top with blue4 ,a white bar begins on the middle of the anterior edges of the anterior wings1 which1 crossing them and the posterior1 ends at the extremity of the body4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 head1 breast1 and legs brown4 ,the parts that on the upper side are black1 are of a fine red brown4 ,the basal parts having some brown orange spots on both wings1 verged with black4 ,margins blue2 scollopings edged with white4 ,margins of the wings dentated2 the inferior ones most4 ,mr4 ,say observes of this beautiful species that it occurred sparingly in the ,northwestern territory1 during the advance of ,major ,long's expedition toward ,lake ,winnepec4 ,he also found it at that lake as well as at the ,lake of the ,woods1 and in other parts of ,upper ,canada4 ,he procured specimens likewise from ,arkansaw1 in the expedition to the ,rocky ,mountains1 and received it from ,cambridge 7,massachusetts74 ,,pieris ,,eucharis4 ,plate ,x4 fig4 #e1 #f4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,pieris1 ,schrank4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,boisduval4 ,pontia p4 ,ochs4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand4 or ,heliconii71 ,linn4 ,drury1 c4 ,,pieris ,,eucharis4 ,alis suboblongis integerrimis1 supra albis1 omnibus utrinque venis limboque nigris3 posticis subts flavis1 maculis marginalibus coccineis alboque cinctis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #b lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand47 ,eucharis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer1 pl4 #bja4 ,b4 ,c4 male4 #bjb4 ,c4 female4 ,papilio 7,d4,c47 ,hyparete1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #agf4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,linn47 ,pieris ,epicharis1 ,god4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #aec4 ,no4 #abb4 ,boisd4 ,hist4 ,n4 ,lepid4 #a4 p4 #def4 ,,habitat3 ,bombay4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,head grey4 ,thorax and abdomen grey4 ,anterior wings white3 nerves black1 with seven white oblong spots placed along the external edges and tips on a black ground4 ,posterior wings cream-coloured1 with six oval flesh-coloured spots placed along the posterior margin on a black ground1 separated by the black nerves4 #bj,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 and abdomen grey4 ,anterior wings white1 with very broad and black nerves1 forming white oblong spots on the upper side4 ,posterior wings yellow1 with a broad black margin along the external edges1 whereon are placed six oval scarlet spots1 edged or surrounded with white4 ,nerves black and broad4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,drury correctly considered this species as distinct from the ,linnan ,hyparete1 and accordingly named it ,eucharis4 ,fabricius1 notwithstanding1 united the two species1 and applied the name ,eucharis to another ,indian species 7,anthocaris ,eucharis of ,boisduval1 but which it would be more correct to name ,aurora after ,cramer74 ,godart1 in order to obviate the confusion arising from two distinct species having the same specific name1 altered the oldest name 7,eucharis1 ,drury71 instead of the incorrectly imposed name of ,fabricius4 ,i have therefore reverted to the name proposed by ,drury1 the other species being now removed to the genus ,anthocaris4 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,illustration ,,saturnia ,,promethea4 ,plate ,,xi4 fig4 #a1 #b4 male4--,plate ,,xii4 fig4 #a1 #b4 female4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,saturnia1 ,schrank4 ,attacus1 ,germar4 ,phalna 7,attacus71 ,linn4 ,,saturnia ,,promethea4 ,alis subfalcatis1 maris fuscis1 foemin ferrugineis1 fasci tenui undat communi pallid margine griseo1 anticis utrinque ocello atro4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc4 male4 #d unc4 #c lin4 female47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,attacus7 ,promethea1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #daa4 ,no4 #ab4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bdjc4 #dfd4 ,cram4 ,ins4 tab4 #ge4 ,a4 ,b4 male4 #gf4 ,a4 ,b4 female4 ,abbot ,smith ,ins4 ,georgia1 #a4 tab4 #df4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #e4 #bg4 #ab4 ,pal4 ,bauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',amer4 ,lep4 pl4 #ba4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,virginia1 ,georgia4 ,,male4--,upper ,side4 ,antenn strongly pectinated1 dark brown4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen the same4 ,anterior wings very dark chocolate1 hooked at the tips2 having a margin of light hair colour running along the external edges from the tips to the lower corners1 through the middle of which runs a narrow black serpentine line like a hair1 dividing the margin into two shades1 the external one being darkest2 near the tips is a black spot like an eye1 partly surrounded by a blue iris2 a narrow waved line of a light hair colour begins at the anterior edge1 about one-third from the tips1 and1 crossing both the anterior and posterior wings1 ends about half an inch below the body4 ,posterior wings of the same colour as the anterior1 having a hair-coloured margin running round them2 being also divided in the middle by a waved narrow line1 above which are several dark-coloured spots and marks4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 legs1 and abdomen of a beautiful dark chocolate colour4 ,anterior wings at the base dark chocolate1 with a small single spot in the middle of each2 about a third part of these wings1 next the external edges1 is hair-coloured1 appearing next the chocolate part to be thickly powdered with grey1 so as to form a margin along the chocolate part of that colour4 ,the black eye1 and hair-coloured margin1 as on the upper side4 ,the middle of the posterior wings fine chocolate1 surrounded1 except at the abdominal edges1 with hair colour1 and like the superior finely powdered and verged with grey2 about the middle of the chocolate field is a small transverse white streak2 the hair-coloured margin less distinct4 ,margins of all the wings entire4 #ba;,,female4--,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown and pectinated4 ,thorax and abdomen red brown4 ,anterior wings dark red next the body1 from whence a narrow light-coloured bar begins at the anterior edge1 and running towards the posterior suddenly turns off and ends at the body1 forming an obtuse angle2 another light-coloured waved bar crosses the wings1 ending on the abdominal edges a little below the body2 the inner side of this bar is a dark chocolate1 and between it and the angle of the first bar is placed a light-coloured triangular mark2 near the tips is placed a small black eye1 partly surrounded by a blue iris2 along the external margins of all the wings runs a dark buff edge1 through the middle of which runs a small narrow line2 the space between this margin and the waved bar is of a dark red1 finely powdered next the bar with grey4 ,posterior wings1 within the waved bar1 dark brown chocolate2 the hairs along the abdominal edges greyish2 and on the middle of the chocolate ground is a light-coloured triangular mark2 several submarginal red spots of different sizes1 with a small narrow irregular line running between them and the cilia2 the space between this margin and the waved bar is dark red1 that next the bar is powdered as it were very thickly with small grey spots like dust4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 legs1 and abdomen dark red1 the sides streaked with white4 ,anterior wings having only two divisions1 separated by the waved bar mentioned above3 the inner division of a fine bright chocolate1 whereon the small triangular marks are faintly seen2 the external division as on the upper side1 but with the markings more distinct4 ,posterior wings with the part answering to the dark brown chocolate being of a fine dark red1 verged with black and white1 and surrounded entirely1 except the abdominal edges1 by the grey powdered field4 ,margins entire4 ,the transformations to which ,lepidopterous insects are subject are amongst the most remarkable phenomena of insect life4 ,in the different states to which each is liable1 a series of changes is exhibited which has been compared1 by an admired writer1 to what might be supposed to be undergone by an animal which for the first five years of its life1 exhibited the form of a serpent1 which then penetrated into the earth1 spun for itself a silken coffin1 contracting itself into a limbless form resembling1 more than any thing else1 an ,egyptian mummy2 and which1 lastly1 after remaining in this state for a length of time1 burst into the air a winged bird4 ,of these states1 it may well be conceived1 that the second requires1 from its inactivity and helplessness1 a secure retreat1 where1 removed and secure from the attack of its enemies1 it can rest its appointed period during which the organs of flight acquire their full development4 ,we accordingly find that the varied manner in which the caterpillars of the different species prepare their retreats1 affords one of the most interesting branches of investigation in the natural history of the ,lepidoptera4 ,and in this respect1 the species now under consideration certainly exhibits one of the most interesting manoeuvres hitherto recorded amongst the insect tribes1 and which is described by ,mr4 ,peale in his beautiful ,lepidoptera ,americana4#b ,this moth is very abundant in the vicinity of ,philadelphia1 at least1 judging from the number of cocoons seen hanging from the branches of the ,sassafras 7,laurus ,sassafras71 and ,spice-wood 7,l4 ,benzoin72 and which1 by an ordinary observer1 would be readily mistaken for withered leaves which had withstood the blasts of winter4 ,after the caterpillar has attained its full size1 and lost the voracious #bb;appetite which had hitherto been its predominant character1 it begins its preparation for the great transformation it has to undergo1 by selecting a perfect leaf1 the upper surface of which it covers with a fine light yellowish brown silk1 extending this coating with great skill and foresight1 over the footstalk of the leaf1 and attaching it firmly to the branch1 so as to secure the leaf from being separated by any accident4 ,this preliminary operation having been accomplished1 the caterpillar next draws the edges of the leaf together1 thus forming a perfect external covering or mantle1 in which it spins a fine strong and durable cocoon of fine silk4 ,in this habitation the little architect passes the winter secure from birds and other enemies4 ,as soon as the cocoon has been completed1 the caterpillar sheds its skin1 and is transformed into a chrysalis4 ,at first the leaf enveloping the cocoon remains green1 but soon changes to a red or brown1 when it becomes brittle1 and is gradually carried away by the winds and storms of winter1 until1 finally1 nothing remains except the cocoon itself1 which is firmly suspended by the silk which once covered the footstalk of the leaf4 ,mr4 ,abbot states that the caterpillar also feeds upon the ,snowdrop-tree 7,halesia tetraptera1 ,linn47 ,poplar1 ,bay1 c4 ,some individuals spin up in ,may1 and the moth appears in ,june2 others1 as above described1 pass the winter in the chrysalis state4 ,,callimorpha8 ,,famula4 ,plate ,,xi4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,callimorpha8 ,latr4 ,zygna p4 ,fabr4 ,phalna 7,bombyx71 ,drury4 ,,callimorpha ,,famula4 ,alis albis1 dimidio apicali margineque externo nigris1 anticarum macul ovali obliqu alb1 collo fulvo4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx spiriling47 ,famula1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,calabar1 in the ,bight of ,benin1 ,africa4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn long and pectinated4 ,thorax spiral4 ,neck orange-coloured4 ,thorax and abdomen dusky grey4 ,anterior wings about half way from the tips black1 but at the base are of a pellucid white2 being surrounded along the anterior edge and part of the posterior with black2 an oblong white spot is placed near the tips on the black part4 ,posterior wings black and white2 the white entirely surrounded by the black1 which on the anterior and abdominal edges is very narrow4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi orange-coloured1 black at the tips4 ,neck1 breast1 and sides orange4 ,feet black4 ,thighs white4 ,abdomen white1 annulated with dusky grey4 ,anterior wings as on the upper side1 the black parts being of a russet hue4 ,posterior wings differ a little1 the white part running down to the middle of the external edges1 with a white spot at the upper corners4 ,margins of the wings entire4 #bc,,odonestis8 ,,servula4 ,plate ,,xi4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,odonestis8 ,germar4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,odonestis8 ,,servula4 ,alis luteis1 macul parva discoidali marginibusque externis tenu fuscis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,servula4 ,drury1 ,append4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,madras4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn slightly pectinated4 ,tongue short4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen light yellowish sand-coloured4 ,wings yellow buff-coloured2 the anterior having a small brown spot in the middle of each1 and the external edges margined with brown4 ,posterior wings having a brown patch in the middle of each1 with the external edges of the same colour4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 legs1 abdomen1 and wings buff-coloured1 immaculate4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,,plate ,,xii4 ,illustration ,,noctua ,,anilis4 ,plate ,,xii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid4 ,,genus4 ,,noctua1 ,auct4 ,,subgenus4 ----8 ,,noctua ,,anilis4 ,alis badio-fuscis2 strigis duabus obliquis1 extern abbreviat1 albis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,anilis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,virginia4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn small1 filiform4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen dark hair-coloured4 ,wings dark hair-coloured4 ,anterior having a narrow white line crossing them1 about the middle1 from the anterior to the posterior edges2 between this and the tips is another short white streak placed on the anterior edge4 ,posterior wings immaculate4 ,cilia ash-coloured4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 legs1 and abdomen russet-coloured4 ,wings also russet-coloured1 with some faint marks1 occasioned by the white lines on the upper side appearing through4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,,nemeophila ,,figurata4 ,plate ,,xii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,nemeophila1 ,stephens4 ,eyprepia p4 ,ochs4 ,chelonia p4 ,god4 ,,nemeophila ,,figurata4 ,alis anticis nigris1 fasci longitudinali duabus alteris convergentibus connex1 albis1 posticis sanguineis margine maculque extern nigris4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx7 figurata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,pal4 ,bauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',amer4 ,lep4 pl4 #bd4 f4 #d4 female4 7,alis posticis nigris puncto rufo47 ,,habitat3 ,virginia4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn dark brown and pectinated4 ,thorax cream-coloured and black4 ,abdomen black1 the sides red4 ,anterior wings black2 having a cream-coloured line running from the shoulders1 #bdparallel to and at a small distance from the posterior edge1 towards the lower corner2 stopping at about one-third from the external edge1 from whence near the end of this line arises two others1 which run almost to the anterior edges4 ,posterior wings red in the middle2 surrounded1 except on the abdominal edges1 by a broad black margin4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi hairy and black4 ,breast1 legs1 and abdomen black4 ,wings as on the other side2 but the colours are not so bright and distinct4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,illustration ,,saturnia ,,epimethea4 ,plate ,,xiii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,saturnia1 ,schrank4 ,attacus1 ,germar4 ,phalna 7,attacus71 ,linn4 ,,saturnia ,,epimethea4 ,alis subfuscis strig communi subapicali alb1 posticis acut angulatis1 ocello disci fulvo margine nigro4 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,attacus7 ,epimethea1 ,drury1 ,append4 vol4 #b4 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #dad4 ,no4 #bc4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bdjd4 #dgb4 ,cramer1 ,ins4 #ae4 tab4 #agf4 f4 ,a4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #e4 #bi4 #ba4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,calabar1 ,coast of ,guinea4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn strongly pectinated2 the extremities appearing like threads4 ,thorax light brown1 tinged with red4 ,abdomen grey brown4 ,anterior wings light grey brown1 tinged with red at the base2 having a narrow dark-coloured bar verged with grey running from the anterior to the posterior edges1 parallel and at a little distance from the external margin4 ,posterior wings grey brown1 terminating behind in points like acute angles2 a dark narrow bar1 edged with white1 crosses these wings from the upper corners to the abdominal edges1 dividing them into two compartments2 in the uppermost of which are placed two eyes1 whose centres are yellow1 surrounded with black irides edged with red1 and which also are encircled with ash-coloured rings4 ,above these eyes the wings are dark-coloured1 almost black2 but next the body are of a reddish hue4 ,under ,side4 ,legs black4 ,thorax and abdomen same colour as on the upper side4 ,wings nearly the same colour as on the upper side2 the bars being plain and distinct1 but the eyes are not observable here4 ,,dryocampa ,,virginiensis4 ,plate ,,xiii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,dryocampa1 ,harris in ,hitchcock's ,report on the ,geology1 c4 of ,massachusets 7,amherst ,mass4 #ahcd4 roy4 #hvo47 ,,dryocampa ,,virginiensis4 ,alis cervinis1 anticis puncto parvo discoidali albo1 fascique obliqu pallidiori4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #g lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx7 ,virginiensis1 ,drury1 ,append4 vol4 #b4 ,phalna pellucida1 ,abbot ,smith ,ins4 ,georg4 t4 #eh8 ,phalna ,astynome8 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #e4 #dc4 #gc4 ,,habitat3 ,virginia4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn setaceous4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen dark orange4 ,wings faint fox-coloured2 immaculate1 except the anterior ones1 which have a faint light spot on each1 about a third of #be;an inch from the shoulders1 and a faint line which runs from the tips to the middle of the posterior edges4 ,under ,side4 ,legs1 sides1 thorax1 and abdomen dark orange4 ,wings with a faint narrow bar crossing them near their external edges1 dividing the wings into two partitions2 the lower ones being of the same colour as on the upper side1 but those above the bar are of a yellowish fox-colour4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,it is questionable whether this figure represents the ,phalna senatoria or pellucida of ,abbot and ,smith1 by whom the transformations of both species have been illustrated2 ,smith citing ,drury's figure with doubt1 as belonging to pellucida4 ,i have much pleasure in adopting the present well-marked genus proposed by ,dr4 ,thaddeus ,w4 ,harris1 one of the most distinguished ,american entomologists1 in the appendix to the work above referred to2 and respecting which ,i am indebted to that gentleman for the following communications3--,the male of ,dryocampa senatoria1 of ,abbot and ,smith1 has the basal half of the antenn pectinated on both sides1 and the apex simple1 as in ,bombyx 7,cerocampa1 ,kirby2 ,ceratocampa1 ,harris's ,cat47 regalis and imperialis2 and as they are described to be in the genus ,zeuzera4 ,the larv are naked1 striped1 rigid1 with acute tubercles1 and two thread-like horns on the second segment4 ,they devour the leaves of forest trees1 particularly oaks1 and enter the earth to become pup4 ,the edges of the segments of the pup are denticulated4 ,on account of these peculiar characters1 ,i have ventured to assign to this a new generical name2 under which will be included also ,bombyces pellucida1 and ,stigma1 ,fabr41 figured in ,abbot and ,smith's ,lepidopterous insects of ,georgia2 together with ,b4 rubicunda1 ,f4 all of which are now found to inhabit ,massachusets4 ,in addition to the characters mentioned by ,dr4 ,harris1 the peculiar form of the posterior wings of the males of these moths may also be noticed1 and which are of a triangular form1 somewhat like those of ,erycina menetas 7see vol4 #c4 pl4 #h4 fig4 #c471 but extending to the extremity of the abdomen4 ,this genus is not far removed1 in its natural affinities1 from that of ,ceratocampa1 7see vol4 #a4 pl4 #i47 ,,gocera ,,amabilis4 ,plate ,,xiii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia8 ,,family3 ,sesiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,gocera1 ,latr4 ,boisduval4 ,,gocera ,,amabilis4 ,alis anticis rufis1 maculis 7nigro marginatis7 margineque interno1 albidis2 posticis fulvis macul discoidali margineque postico nigris4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,amabilis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 gocera ,amabilis1 ,boisduval ,hist4 ,nat4 ,lepid4 pl4 #aj4 ,b4 f4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,coast of ,guinea4 ,upper ,side4 ,head brown4 ,antenn filiform4 ,thorax and abdomen yellow brown4 ,superior wings fine darkish red1 with several yellow spots thereon of different shapes1 each encircled with black2 the posterior and external edges having yellow margins4 ,posterior wings deep yellow1 inclining to #bforange1 with a black oval spot near the middle of each4 ,along the external edges is a black margin1 reaching from the upper to the abdominal corners2 the upper edge being scolloped4 ,under ,side4 ,legs1 sides1 thorax1 and abdomen pale orange4 ,anterior wings entirely pale orange and dusky black1 without any mixture of red1 c4 ,posterior wings as on the upper side2 the colours being less distinct4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,,triph,,na ,,materna4 ,plate ,,xiii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,stephens4 ,,genus4 ,,triph,,na1 ,ochs4 ,treit4 ,steph4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,,triph,,na ,,materna4 ,alis anticis grisescentibus aut luteis1 fusco irroratis et undulatis1 posticis fulvis1 macul margineque 7albo punctato7 atris4 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,materna1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 ,,ii4 #hdj4 #aag4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,noctua ,materna1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #b4 p4 #af4 ,no4 #bg4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #becc4 #aag4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #h4 #bei4 #ci4 ,noctua hybrida1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #eic4 #aa4 ,,habitat3 ,bengal4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn setaceous4 ,tongue spiral4 ,palpi yellow1 blue at the tips4 ,head tinged with blue4 ,thorax olive4 ,abdomen yellow4 ,anterior wings light brown and shining2 appearing of several colours according to the position they are held in4 ,posterior wings yellow1 with a round black central spot4 ,margins black1 beginning at the middle of the anterior edges1 and ending at the abdominal corners where the margin is narrowest2 having eight small white spots thereon1 placed on the external edges4 ,under ,side4 ,thorax1 abdomen1 and sides yellowish ash-coloured4 ,anterior wings yellow2 tips brown1 and separated from the yellow by a black streak running from the lower corner to the anterior edge4 ,posterior wings coloured as on the upper side2 the black margin being rather fainter4 ,margins of the wings dentated4 ,,plate ,,xiv4 ,illustration ,,erebus ,,fluctuosus4 ,plate ,,xiv4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,erebus1 ,latr4 ,thysania1 ,dalm4 ,noctua1 ,fabr4 ,,erebus ,,fluctuosus4 ,alis fuscis1 fasci communi pallid1 marginibus lat nigris intern dentatis1 anticis ocello magno auriformi4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #a lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 fluctuosa1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn setaceous4 ,head and thorax brown4 ,tongue spiral4 ,wings dark hair-coloured1 or russet brown2 divided into two compartments by a clay-coloured line1 which beginning at the anterior edges of the anterior near the middle1 and crossing them and the posterior1 meets at the extremity of the body3 the inner compartment being brown1 the outward one clay2 which is again separated by an irregular waved line1 beginning at the tips and ending at the abdominal corners4 ,all the outward part is brown4 ,two black spots are placed on the anterior wings next the anterior edges1 and near the middle4 #bg,under ,side4 ,palpi distinct1 and like bristles at their extremities4 ,breast1 legs1 and wings light brown4 ,a row of cream spots1 angularly shaped1 are placed along the wings2 the outward part being furnished with about twenty-eight small cream spots irregularly placed4 ,margins of the posterior wings dentated1 of the anterior entire4 ,according to ,mr4 ,smeathman this species is easily disturbed during the day4 ,it flies exceedingly rapid1 and has a method of striking a leaf or bough at two or three feet distance from the place where it really settles4 ,whether this be done to break the violence of its motion1 and enable it to settle without injury to its body2 or for the purpose of deceiving its pursuers1 is not easily ascertained2 it has1 however1 the latter1 and probably both effects2 most of the locusts do this1 for they certainly strike some branch with a good deal of violence just before they alight1 the motion of which deceives the eyes and baffles the pursuer4 ,,geometra ,,argentata4 ,plate ,,xiv4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,geometrid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,geometra1 ,auct4 ,subgenus4 ----8 ,,geometra ,,argentata4 ,alis pallid griseis1 anticis fasciis duabus1 posticis unic flavis1 utrinque argenteo-marginatis his ocello marginali obscuro4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,geometra7 ,argentata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn filiform4 ,body grey4 ,wings pale yellowish grey4 ,a narrow yellow bar rises near the middle of the anterior wings1 which1 crossing them and the posterior1 ends a little below the body on the abdominal edges2 another small bar crosses the anterior wings near the shoulders1 both of them being verged with silver4 ,a small dark spot1 surrounded with silver1 is also placed close to the external edges of the posterior wings2 and above it is a yellowish patch reaching to the upper corners4 ,under ,side4 ,wings pale light-coloured1 almost white1 immaculate4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,,petasia8 ,,ministra4 ,plate ,,xiv4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,notodontid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,petasia8 ,stephens4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,petasia8 ,,ministra4 ,alis anticis rufescenti-fulvis1 strigis quinque transversis1 posticis pallidioribus female4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,phalna ,noctua ,ministra1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,phalna ,ministra1 ,abbot ,smith ,ins4 ,georg4 t4 #ha4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #e4 #fi4 #aee4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn filiform4 ,head and thorax reddish brown4 ,abdomen clay-coloured4 ,anterior wings brown orange1 with five small dark lines crossing from the anterior to the posterior edges4 ,posterior wings clay-coloured1 fringed with orange brown4 #bh,under ,side4 ,tongue indistinct4 ,breast and legs red brown4 ,abdomen and posterior wings clay-coloured4 ,anterior ones brown orange1 without any marks or lines thereon4 ,wings a little dentated2 especially in the anterior wings4 ,the larva of this insect is long1 smooth1 and shining1 of a black colour1 with eight longitudinal continuous yellow lines1 with the base of the legs and a spot on the neck red4 ,when alarmed it throws up its head and tail into the air4 ,from the structure of the larva it is therefore nearly allied to ,ptilophora and ,petasia1 ,steph41 and not to the buff tip-moth 7,pygra bucephala74 ,its food1 according to ,abbot1 consists of the ,andromeda mariana1 vulgarly called the male hackleberry1 which grows round ponds and on the margins of running streams2 it eats also several species of walnut and oak4 ,one went into the ground on the #cast of ,july1 and the moth came out the #bcrd of ,august2 another went in the #hth of ,june1 and came forth the #crd of ,july4 ,they likewise sometimes go into the ground in autumn1 and come out in the spring4 ,the whole brood of caterpillars feed together in society4 ,abbot also states1 that when they eat walnut leaves they are always black1 with white hairs2#c when their food is the oak1 they are more yellow4 ,,hydrocampa8 ,,nivalis4 ,plate ,,xiv4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,pyralid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,hydrocampa8 ,latr4 ,cataclysta1 ,hbn4 ,steph4 ,phalna 7,pyralis71 ,drury4 ,,hydrocampa8 ,,nivalis4 ,alis margaritaceo-albis1 cili anticarum fusc4 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,pyralis7 ,nivalis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,england4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn filiform and brown4 ,head1 thorax1 abdomen1 and wings white4 ,the latter of a fine glossy hue1 and immaculate4 ,cilia of the anterior wings brown4 ,under ,side4 ,tongue spiral4 ,all the parts on this side are of the same white glossy colour as on the upper4 ,,liparis8 ,,rivulosa4 ,plate ,,xiv4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,liparis8 ,ochs4 ,phalna 7bombyx71 ,drury4 ,,liparis8 ,,rivulosa4 ,alis fuscis1 strigis transversis undulatis pallidioribus et obscurioribus1 anticis fasci lat centrali alterque basali badiis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx7 rivulosa1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #e4 #ch4 #ed4 7,bombyx r47 ,,habitat3 ,surinam4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn pectinated4 ,head1 thorax1 abdomen1 and wings pale reddish brown1 or #bi;fawn-coloured4 ,the latter with several indented and waved lines1 some being darker and some lighter than the general colour of the wings4 ,on the anterior is a large chocolate patch1 situated on the middle of the wings1 and joining to the anterior edge2 between which and the shoulders is another that is much smaller4 ,under ,side4 ,tongue obsolete4 ,palpi1 breast1 abdomen1 and wings brown1 as on the upper side2 the latter immaculate1 except a dark patch on each wing near the shoulders4 ,margins of the wings slightly dentated4 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,illustration ,,nymphalis ,,erithonius4 ,plate ,,xv4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,festivi71 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,,nymphalis ,,medon4 ,alis dentatis1 supra fuscis2 anticis utrinque fasci obliqu lute1 apice albo2 posticis fasci violaceo-coerulescenti1 singulis subts punctis tribus4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #g lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph47 ,erithonius1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #hb4 ,no4 #bee4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #cij4 ,no4 #adb4 7,nymphalis ,er47 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,festivi7 ,eupalus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #dh4 ,no4 #adh4 ,papilio ,harpalyce1 ,cram4 pl4 #ade4 fig4 ,d4 ,e4 ,papilio 7,equ4 ,achiv47 ,medon1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,linn4 ,fabr47 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black1 lighter at the tips4 ,head black4 ,thorax and abdomen dark brown4 ,anterior wings dark red brown1 tipped with white2 but next the shoulders of a purplish hue1 with a dark yellow streak near the tips1 extending obliquely from the anterior towards the external edge4 ,posterior wings also red brown2 but towards the middle and shoulders of a purplish blue1 which they reflect more or less according to the position they are held in4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi and breast yellow4 ,anterior wings olive brown1 tipped with white2 but along the external edges of a hazel colour1 and near the shoulders having three round black spots on each4 ,posterior wings similar to the anterior1 being of a brown olive1 variegated1 and clouded1 with three small spots placed near the shoulders1 as in the superior ones4 ,all the wings are a little dentated4 ,there are several ,african species closely allied to the present insect1 which was regarded by ,drury as the ,medon of ,linnus4 ,i have followed the ,encyclopdie ,mthodique in rejecting this reference2 although it will be seen that the ,linnan description of that insect1 alis supra nigris primoribus fascia lutea apiceque albo2 posticis disco coerulescentibus1 does not disagree with the character of this insect4 ,according to ,mr4 ,smeathman this species was taken at some distance inland upon the continent of ,africa2 adding1 there are several ,papiliones nearly of this colour1 that is to say1 with the upper sides of the wings having a changeable purple1 and the under sides being inclinable to green1 sometimes with marks of the most beautiful crimson4 ,the differences between them arise so gradually1 that he thinks them varieties of the same species1 some1 apparently very different1 being found coupled together4 ,they are all found congregating in the paths1 and in the thick shade of a forest1 ten or a dozen in a circle round a little puddle or moist spot1 and seem to like the most gloomy places4 #cj;,,hesperia ,,iphis4 ,plate ,,xv4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,hesperiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,hesperia1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 ,urbic47 ,linn4 c4 ,,hesperia ,,iphis4 ,alis supra viridi-atris2 infra aureo-virescentibus venis margineque postico nigris1 capite sanguineo4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 ,urb47 ,iphis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,hesperia 7,urb47 ,jupiter1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #ccf4 ,no4 #bgi4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #gcc4 7,hesperia ,j47 ,papilio ,phidias1 ,cram4 pl4 #bdd4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,habitat3 ,senegal1 ,gambia1 ,sierra ,leone1 ,anamaboe1 and the ,bight of ,benin1 on the ,coast of ,africa4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn thickest in the middle4 ,head scarlet4 ,thorax and abdomen black4 ,all the wings green brassy-coloured1 the nerves black1 those parts that surround the body being of a raven black4 ,the tips of the anterior wings orange-coloured4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi scarlet and hairy1 the extremities being small and black4 ,breast1 legs1 sides1 and abdomen black4 ,anus scarlet4 ,wings of a yellower brassy hue than on the upper side4 ,superior wings tipped with orange1 but next the body greenish black2 the same colour occupying the external edges of the posterior wings4 ,the male differs in having the upper side entirely of a fine raven black without the orange tips2 the under side is also darker1 and less brassy than the female4 ,drury states1 that when this insect is at rest it sits with its wings erect2 and ,mr4 ,smeathman considers it very remarkable that this insect1 which seems an intermediate species between ,papilio and ,phalna1 associates with the little assemblages of ,nymphalis ,erithonius1 and is frequently seen sipping water with them4 ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,illustration ,,nymphalis 7,,limenitis7 ,,sibilla4 ,plate ,,xvi4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal471 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,subgenus3 ,limenitis1 ,fabr4 ,steph4 ,naiades1 ,hbn4 ,,nymphalis 7,,limenitis7 ,,sibilla4 ,alis subdentatis supra atro-coeruleis2 fasci maculari alb2 posticis subtus basi cinereo-coerulescente immaculatis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio ,sibilla1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 ii4 #gha4 ,n4 ,camilla1 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #djh4 and of the ,german ,lepidopterists4 ,papilio 7,nymph47 ,sibilla var4 ,drury4 ,,habitat3 ,smyrna 7,drury74 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen black4 ,between the eyes are four small white spots4 ,wings raven black1 tinged with green4 ,anterior with ten white spots1 of different sizes1 placed in various parts2 four being next the anterior edge1 near the middle of the wings1 and divided only by the nerves4 ,posterior with a row of long white spots1 placed together1 running from the middle of the anterior edges1 and ending a little above the abdominal corners1 divided by the nerves4 ,a range of small black spots1 edged with grey1 runs parallel with the external edges of the wings1 from the tips to the abdominal corners1 where the last spot is encircled with orange4 #ca,under ,side4 ,palpi1 legs1 breast1 and abdomen grey4 ,anterior wings1 next the body1 grey2 the remaining parts being dusky olive1 with some dark red streaks placed on various parts2 the white spots being very distinct on this side4 ,posterior wings1 at the base1 light grey2 extending almost to the row of white spots1 which are seen on this side as well as on the upper4 ,the remaining parts are dusky olive1 with two rows of faint dark red spots running along the external edges4 ,a range of small black spots runs parallel with the external edges of all the wings4 ,all the wings are dentated4 ,there is a diversity of opinion amongst the ,german and ,english ,lepidopterists1 relative to the names of this species and the ,english ,white ,admiral1 to which latter ,haworth1 ,stephens1 c4 give the name of ,camilla1 but which ,illiger1 ,hubner1 c4 term ,sibilla4 ,i have adopted the former nomenclature1 although it will be seen that the figure of ,drury1 which is the ,sibilla of the ,english nomenclature1 exhibits a red spot at the anal angle1 which ,curtis considers as the most satisfactory mark of distinction between the two species4 7,brit4 ,ent4 p4 #abd47 ,,pamphila ,,metis4 ,plate ,,xvi4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna1 ,latr4 ,,family3 ,hesperiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,pamphila1 ,fabr4 ,hesperia p4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rur471 ,linn4 ,,pamphila ,,metis4 ,alis anticis utrinqu posticisque supr nigro-fuscis1 maculis fulvis1 plurisque punctiformibus2 alis posticis subts brunneo-fuscis immaculatis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #a lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rur47 ,metis1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #b4 #gib4 #bde4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cbi4 ,no4 #bdi4 7,hesperia ,th47 ,pap4 ,metis1 ,cramer1 pl4 #afb4 f4 ,g4 ,,habitat3 ,cape of ,good ,hope4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown1 yellow beneath4 ,head hairy4 ,thorax and abdomen brown2 the extremity of the latter yellow4 ,wings dark brown4 ,anterior having four orange spots1 two of which next the body are double4 ,posterior with a row of six orange marginal1 and two discoidal spots4 ,under ,side4 ,tongue black4 ,palpi orange4 ,legs1 breast1 and abdomen brown4 ,wings coloured as on the upper side4 ,the anterior having five orange spots1 that next the body being long and double4 ,the posterior immaculate4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,,nymphalis ,,opis1 ,,var4 ,greek3 g4 ,plate ,,xvi4 fig4 #e1 #f4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymphalis71 ,linn4 ,,nymphalis ,,opis4 ,alis supra fuscis1 fasci communi caracteribusque ochraceis2 anticis strig punctorum alborum4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,crithea1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #acb4 ,no4 #djf4 ,cramer1 pl4 #af4 f4 #e4 #f4 ,nymphalis ,opis1 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #cha4 ,no4 #ajd4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #aca4 ,no4 #dje4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 #cb,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown4 ,thorax and abdomen dark brown1 with four yellowish lines crossing them4 ,anterior wings dark purplish brown1 having many marks and spots of different shapes and sizes placed thereon of a deeper shade2 four being round1 and gradually diminishing in size1 and placed along the external edges2 two others also1 that are small1 are situated at the shoulders4 ,posterior wings dark brown2 the upper parts along the anterior edges dull yellow1 reaching almost to the thorax4 ,two indented ash-coloured lines cross these wings2 one beginning at the upper corners running circularly1 and meeting below the body2 the other running in a straight line above the first1 and meeting a little above the extremity of it4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 and abdomen ash-coloured4 ,legs yellowish4 ,anterior wings dull yellow1 but next the tips brown1 where there are some greyish spots and marks2 in the centre are two small round spots1 almost black2 and along the anterior edges1 next the shoulders1 are some other brown spots variously and irregularly shaped4 ,posterior wings entirely dull yellow1 immaculate2 the margins of these being a little dentated1 the anterior ones entire4 ,the authors of the ,encyclopdie ,mthodique consider the insect here figured1 and that represented in ,pl4 ,,xvii4 fig4 #e1 #f1 as varieties of the same species4 ,mr4 ,smeathman states1 that this species is found in the same gloomy recesses1 and often congregated together in the same manner as ,nymphalis ,erithonius1 figured in ,pl4 ,,xv4 ,,plate ,,xvii4 ,illustration ,,biblis ,,ilithyia4 ,plate ,,xvii4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,,biblis1 ,fabricius1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal471 ,drury4 ,,biblis ,,ilithyia4 ,alis rotundatis denticulatis fulvis fasci baseos margineque fulvo maculato nigris2 posticis subtus fasciis duabus albis transversis nigro-punctatis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,ilithyia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabricius ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #aca4 ,no4 #djc4 ,cramer1 pl4 #bac4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 male4--#bad4 ,c4 ,d4 female4 ,pap4 ,polinice1 ,cramer1 pl4 #cge4 fig4 ,g4 ,h4 7var47 ,biblis ,ilithyia1 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #cbg4 ,,habitat3 ,senegal1 and ,coast of ,africa4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown4 ,thorax and abdomen dark brown4 ,wings fine deep or brown orange4 ,the anterior deeply verged with black along the external and anterior edges2 the former having a row of oblong orange spots running parallel with them1 which is continued1 together with the deep black margin1 along the posterior wings to the abdominal corners2 the spots being larger along these wings than on the anterior4 ,a black1 irregular1 and indented line rises near the middle of the anterior wings1 and ends at the posterior edges4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi and breast orange4 ,legs brown4 ,anterior wings orange2 the external edges with a small1 narrow1 white indented margin4 ,four small white spots are placed near the tips1 that next the anterior edge being least2 and along the same edge are several other long black spots1 margined with white4 ,posterior wings with a row of white crescents placed along the external edges2 over this is an orange bar1 next is a row of cream-coloured spots almost round1 being seven in number1 with a row of very small ones above them1 consisting of fourteen2 above this is an orange bar1 with a cream one #ccover it1 being divided by a narrow black line4 ,above these are two other bars2 the first orange1 the next cream colour1 separated by long narrow black spots2 the colour of these wings1 next the body1 being orange4 ,all the wings are dentated4 ,,pieris ,,calypso4 ,plate ,,xvii4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,pieris1 ,schrank4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand471 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,,pieris ,,calypso4 ,alis rotundatis subintegris albis extimo nigro2 posticis subtus flavis seu nitenti-grisescentibus1 limbo punctorum nigrorum serie duplici1 maculis flavis interjectis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand47 ,calypso1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #aia4 ,no4 #eib4 ,cramer1 pl4 #aed4 ,c4 ,d4 7male7 ,e4 ,f4 7female7 ,enc4 ,mthod4 ix4 p4 #acj4 7,pieris ,c47 ,boisduval ,hist4 ,nat4 ,lep4 #a4 #ejd4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown4 ,thorax and abdomen nearly black4 ,wings white2 margined externally with dusky black4 ,the anterior edges of the anterior ones are also margined with black1 from the middle of which runs a black line to a round spot placed on the middle of the wings2 the mixture of the colours on these wings somewhat resembles the profile of a human face4 ,posterior wings having a round spot placed near the middle of each1 with several fainter ones along the external edges1 and two stronger ones near the upper corners4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi and legs black4 ,breast ash-coloured4 ,anterior wings as on the upper side2 three oblong yellow spots being placed at the tips1 and four round white ones along the external edges4 ,posterior wings much tinged with yellow1 having a yellow margin running from the abdominal to the upper corners along the external edges1 appearing like crescents placed on a row2 above this is a row of seven square black spots placed circularly with the margin1 and in the centre is a conspicuous round black spot4 ,mr4 ,smeathman states that this insect loves chiefly to sport in the sunshine4 ,it is therefore very difficult to catch at that time of the day when the sun is powerful2 but towards sunset it is more easily caught1 when it congregates in great numbers1 in particular spots most sheltered from the breeze4 ,,nymphalis ,,laure4 ,plate ,,xvii4 fig4 #e1 #f4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal471 ,drury4 ,,nymphalis ,,laure4 ,alis supr nigris2 fasci medi anticarum fulv interrupt2 posticarum alb1 et a latere coeruleo nitid4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,laure1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,papilio 7,nymph47 ,laura1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #acd4 ,no4 #dae4 ,nymphalis ,laure1 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #cgf4 ,,habitat3 ,the ,bay of ,honduras1 ,drury4 #cd,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown4 ,thorax and abdomen brown4 ,anterior wings fine ochre brown2 having two faint1 dark1 indented lines running along the external edges4 ,an oblong yellow spot is placed on the anterior margins near the tips4 ,three others1 one being small1 are situated near the middle of the wings2 beginning at the anterior edges and reaching almost to the posterior1 where it becomes white4 ,posterior wings ochre brown2 but when held in a certain position exhibiting a fine purplish blue4 ,a white bar crosses these wings obliquely from the middle of the anterior edges1 and meets a little below the body4 ,two indented black lines are placed on the external edges1 running from the upper to the abdominal corners1 where are placed two small crescent-like blue spots or lines1 one double1 the other single4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 and legs white4 ,anterior wings having some short black irregular lines placed cross-ways1 and some brown orange marks near the shoulders4 ,three small triangular black spots are placed at a little distance from the external edges1 near the lower corners2 above which is a brownish patch resembling polished metal4 ,posterior wings entirely of the colour of polished metal1 except the external edges which are ash colour2 and a white bar running from the middle of the anterior edges to the abdominal corners4 ,all the wings are deeply angulated4 ,latreille and ,godart question whether this be not the female of ,nymphalis ,laurentia1 of which they had only seen the males4 ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,illustration ,,nymphalis ,,cadma4 ,plate ,,xviii4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal471 ,drury4 ,,nymphalis ,,cadma4 ,alis denticulatis luteis1 anticis utrinque are apicis nigr1 maculis duabus flavescentibus2 posticis subts ocellis duobus coeruleis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,gemm47 ,cadma1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabricius ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #bda4 ,no4 #gea4 7,papilio ,sat4 ,c47 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #dba4 7,nymphalis ,c47 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen dark brown4 ,wings tawny yellow4 ,the anterior having the extreme parts1 near the tips1 black2 with two yellowish spots thereon1 joining the anterior edges2 also a round black spot situated at the lower corners on the posterior edges4 ,posterior wings immaculate1 except a black streak placed on the anterior edges next the upper corners4 ,under ,side4 ,tongue black4 ,breast1 legs1 and abdomen ash-coloured4 ,the superior wings marked and coloured as on the upper side1 but less distinctly4 ,posterior wings tawny orange1 having a broad ash-coloured bar crossing them from the anterior to the abdominal edges4 ,on this bar are placed two eyes1 with double pupils2 the lower one being of a fine blue with a yellow iris2 the upper one1 next the anterior edges1 blue and black1 with a brown iris4 ,margins of the wings dentated4 #ce,,vanessa ,,terea4 ,plate ,,xviii4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,,vanessa1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,steph4 c4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,gemm471 ,drury1 c4 ,,vanessa ,,terea4 ,alis dentatis supra fuscis1 fasci communi fulv line nigr divis2 anticis subfalcatis punctis apicalibus albis1 posticis intus subcaudatis1 ocello anali gemino4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,gemm47 ,terea1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #a1 #b4 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #ib4 ,no4 #bhh4 ,cramer1 pl4 #ach4 fig4 ,e4 ,f4 ,encyl4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #cad4 7,vanessa ,t47 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,thorax and abdomen greenish brown4 ,the shoulders of all the wings surrounded by a broad patch of a yellowish brown2 joining to this is a yellow clay-coloured bar1 rising near the anterior edges4 ,the remaining part of the wings is occupied by a dusky black border1 situated along the external edges2 having some very small white spots thereon1 whereof four are placed near the tips4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 legs1 breast1 and sides pale clay-coloured4 ,anterior wings pale clay-coloured2 having three irregular indented bars crossing them1 from the anterior to the posterior edges4 ,along the external edges is a dark cloud1 whereon are four or five exceeding small white eyes1 and a small white spot like an arrow's point near the tips4 ,posterior wings pale clay-coloured1 clouded along the external edges1 where there are three exceeding small white eyes4 ,a small reddish line crosses these wings from the abdominal corners to the middle of the anterior edges4 ,all the wings are dentated2 the anterior being a little angulated4 ,this butterfly1 according to ,mr4 ,smeathman1 delights to sport in the sunshine1 and is frequently found in company with ,pieris ,calypso about cultivated spots1 as old rice plantations and cassava grounds4 ,,nymphalis ,,opis4 ,plate ,,xviii4 fig4 #e1 #f4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymphalis71 ,linn4 ,,nymphalis ,,opis4 ,alis supra fuscis1 fasci communi caracteribusque ochraceis2 anticis strig punctorum alborum4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,opis4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer1 pl4 #ach4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,encyl4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #cha4 ,no4 #ajd4 7,nymphalis ,o47 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen brown4 ,wings dark brown1 or chocolate colour1 formed into divisions by lines of a yellowish colour crossing and intersecting them in various directions4 ,a yellow bar rises on the anterior wings1 near the middle1 and crossing them and the posterior1 meets at the extremity of the body4 ,close to where the bar rises on the anterior wings are six very small white spots1 placed between the nerves1 reaching to the anterior edges4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 and sides greyish brown4 ,anterior wings greyish1 clouded with red brown1 particularly at the tips2 on the middle of the external edges is a patch of yellow1 and on the #cfmiddle of the posterior edges is a patch of a pale clay colour1 with six small white spots4 ,posterior wings having a third part1 next the shoulders1 greyish and dark brown2 the remainder pale clay1 with a reddish brown patch next the upper corners2 from whence runs an undulated brown line to the abdominal edges at the extremity of the body1 and another fainter along the external edges4 ,the wings are dentated4 ,,plate ,,xix4 ,illustration ,,nymphalis ,c,,nis male4 ,plate ,,xix4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,schrank4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,boisd4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand471 ,linn1 c4 ,,nymphalis ,c,,nis4 ,alis subrotundatis albis1 margine postico et ante hunc marginem line angulat maculisque nigris2 subtus omnibus strig communi brunne4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand47 ,cnis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,encycl4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #adb4 ,no4 #he4 7,pieris ,c47 ,nymphalis amphiceda1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #aac4 ,no4 #cdh4 female4 ,cramer1 pl4 #adf4 ,d4 ,e4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 #chd4 #aac4 ,,habitat3 ,calabar1 ,africa4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,eyes red brown4 ,thorax greenish4 ,abdomen sooty brown4 ,wings white1 having a narrow border running along the external edges of a soot brown2 over which is an indented1 angulated1 black line1 appearing in some places like two points of arrows united4 ,along the anterior edges of the anterior wings also runs an exceeding narrow black line4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 sides1 and legs white4 ,wings white2 being divided as it were by a brown line1 which1 beginning near the middle of the anterior edges of the anterior wings1 and crossing them and the posterior1 meets near the abdominal corners4 ,the inner part of the division having many brown lines thereon1 shaped like angles1 circles1 c4 ,a faint angulated brown line runs along the external edges of all the wings2 whereon are some short faint brown streaks placed on the upper angles4 ,the wings are a little dentated4 ,,nymphalis ,,melicerta4 ,plate ,,xix4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal471 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,,nymphalis ,,melicerta4 ,alis denticulatis utrinque fusco-nigris1 fasci lat strigisque albis1 anticarum basi macul cuneiformi alb4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,melicerta1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,herbst4 ,pap4 tab4 #bch4 f4 #e4 #f4 ,nymphalis ,melinoe1 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #dcb4 ,no4 #bfa4 ,papilio ,blandina1 ,cramer1 pl4 #bcg4 fig4 ,e4 ,f4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,thorax and abdomen dark brown4 ,anterior wings sooty brown1 with two white narrow lines running along the external edges4 ,from the shoulders runs a long white streak to the middle of the wing1 and a small one at the end of it2 where are also six other white streaks placed transversely1 one of which is very small4 ,posterior wings sooty brown1 having the two narrow lines continued along the external edges from the anterior wings4 ,a broad straight white bar crosses these #cgwings1 being a little indented on the lower side2 beginning at the anterior edges near the upper corners1 and meeting at the body on the abdominal edges4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 sides1 and legs ash-coloured2 all the white parts appearing broader and larger on this side than on the upper2 the lines along the external edges are broader1 and the dark parts of the wings have a few whitish marks on them that are not seen on the other side4 ,the wings are a little dentated4 ,the ,melicerta of ,fabricius and the ,encyclopdie ,mthodique appears to be a distinct species1 having the base of the anterior wings spotted with white4 ,i have restored ,drury's name to the present insect1 as it has the priority4 ,,anthocaris ,,arethusa4 ,plate ,,xix4 fig4 #e1 #f4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,anthocaris1 ,boisduval4 ,pieris1 ,latr4 4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand47 ,drury4 ,,anthocaris ,,arethusa4 ,alis rotundatis integerrimis albidis2 supra anticis apice maculque1 posticis strig incurv punctisque marginalibus fuscis2 anticarum subtus apice fulvo4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #aj lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,cand47 ,arethusa1 ,drury1 ,append4 vol4 #b4 ,boisduval ,hist4 ,nat4 ,lepidopt4 #a4 p4 #ehb4 7,anthocaris ,a47 ,pieris ,amytis1 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #abc4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,crameri47 ,pieris ,evippe1 female4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ,sup4 p4 #hje4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen dark brown4 ,anterior wings white1 brown at the base2 having a small black round spot near the centre of each2 the tips are dark brown1 occupying a third of the wings2 near the middle of the posterior edges is a brown patch1 and a small round spot at the lower corners4 ,posterior wings white1 but clouded a little near the body4 ,along the external edges are placed five brown spots1 that next the upper corners being double3 also a brown line1 like an obtuse angle1 begins on the anterior edges1 and ends just below the body4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 and legs ash-coloured4 ,anterior wings white1 whereof the tips are orange-coloured1 verged with yellow2 on each wing are two black spots1 one being very small and answering to that on the upper side2 the other larger1 and placed near the posterior edges4 ,posterior wings pale yellow1 with an exceeding small spot1 surrounded with orange colour1 placed near the middle of each2 the brown obtuse angle appears faintly on this side1 but of an orange colour4 ,all the wings are entire4 ,,plate ,,xx4 ,illustration ,,callimorpha8 ,,sanguiflua4 ,plate ,,xx4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,stephens4 ,,genus4 ,,callimorpha8 ,latr4 ,,subgenus3 ----8 ,phalna 7----871 ,drury4 ,,callimorpha8 ,,sanguiflua4 ,alis nigris1 anticis albo et flavo punctatis nervisque posticis sanguineis2 posticis nigris margine coeruleo #d albo-punctatis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc4 #a lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7----7 ,sanguiflua1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,surinam4 #ch,upper ,side4 ,the head is wanting4 ,thorax blueish black4 ,abdomen very dark blue1 with five small white spots on each side4 ,anterior wings black1 with a number of small spots dispersed all over them1 whereof five next the body are yellow1 the rest white4 ,the nerves1 from the middle to the extremities of the wings of a dark red1 or crimson colour4 ,posterior wings at the base of a blueish black1 but along the external parts deep mazarine blue2 whereon are placed twelve faintish white spots4 ,under ,side4 ,nearly corresponds with the upper1 except in the number of spots1 which are more numerous2 some being surrounded with blue1 those next the external edges being double4 ,the crimson colour on the ribs of the superior wings is wanting on this side4 ,all the wings are entire4 ,notwithstanding the imperfect state of this insect1 it is evident that it is nearly allied to many other species figured by ,drury 7including those represented in ,pl4 #aa4 fig4 #d41 ,pl4 #f4 fig4 #d41 ,pl4 #aa4 fig4 #c471 and which appear to form the connecting links between the aberrant ,sphingid 7,zygnid7 and the ,arctiid4 ,the singular neuration of the upper wings of this insect is nearly similar to that of a remarkable ,indian species1 which ,i have described and figured in ,mr4 ,royle's work on the ,natural ,history of the ,himalaya4 ,,spilosoma ,,egle4 ,plate ,,xx4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,spilosoma1 ,steph4 ,arctia1 ,latr4 ,eyprepia p4 ,ochs4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,spilosoma ,,egle4 ,alis griseis immaculatis2 abdomine luteo1 maculis dorsalibus nigris4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #aj lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx7 ,egle1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn grey1 slightly pectinated4 ,head grey4 ,neck cream-coloured4 ,thorax grey4 ,abdomen yellow1 with seven small black spots placed along the middle4 ,wings grey ash-coloured1 immaculate4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi small4 ,tongue spiral4 ,abdomen pale yellow4 ,wings grey-coloured on this side1 immaculate4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,,noctua ,,chera4 ,plate ,,xx4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,noctua4 ,,subgenus4 ---- ,,noctua ,,chera4 ,alis griseo-badiis1 anticis fasci irregulari longitudinali 7cum marginibus externis et posticis7 parallel fusca4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #e lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,chera1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,surinam4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn setaceous4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen greyish russet4 ,wings coloured nearly as the preceding insect4 ,the anterior having a dark brown irregular line running near the posterior and external edges to the anterior near the tips4 ,posterior wings immaculate4 #ci,under ,side4 ,all the parts on this side are of the same colour as the upper1 without any marks whatever on them4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,i have placed this insect in the family ,noctuid with doubt1 as it seems to have some resemblance with ,galleria ,mellonella4 ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,illustration ,,nymphalis ,,jacintha4 ,plate ,,xxi4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymphalis ,phal471 ,drury4 ,,nymphalis ,,jacintha4 ,alis dentatis fuscis1 anticis maculis albo-coeruleis omnibusque strig punctorum1 fasci ints crenat1 lunulisque apicalibus albidis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,jacintha1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #aaa4 ,no4 #cdb4 female8 ,papilio ,n4 ,liria1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #abf4 #che4 male8 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #cie4 7,nymphalis ,liria74 ,papilio ,perimale1 ,cramer1 pl4 #fe4 fig4 ,c4 ,d4 pl4 #fg4 fig4 ,b4 ,,habitat3 ,bombay 7,drury74 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black2 having two small white spots placed at the base1 and three others behind them4 ,thorax and abdomen blackish brown4 ,anterior wings1 at the base1 very dark brown1 tinctured with liver colour1 but at the external edges lighter1 and of an orange tinge2 having six small white spots placed parallel with the edge1 but at a small distance from it4 ,near the middle of these wings are four small blue spots1 when the insect is held in a particular direction4 ,posterior wings darkest at the base1 but the other parts are of an olive brown2 the external edges are fringed with white1 having a row of cream-coloured crescents above1 and another row of cream spots above that1 placed two and two1 with seven small white spots placed above the whole4 ,all the wings are dentated4 ,under ,side4 ,legs brown4 ,thighs white4 ,breast and abdomen whitish4 ,wings brown olive1 darkest next the body1 with the same cream-coloured spots as on the upper side1 but a little fainter4 ,,nymphalis ,,perseis4 ,plate ,,xxi4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swains4 ,,genus4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymphalis ,phal471 ,drury4 ,,nymphalis ,,perseis4 ,alis dentatis1 utrinque nigris disco communi testaceo2 anticis maculis duabus fascique1 posticis punctis marginalibus ochraceis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymphalis ,phal47 ,perseis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,herbst4 tab4 #acg4 fig4 #e4 #f4 ,papilio 7,nymph47 ,persea1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #acg4 ,no4 #dbc4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ix4 p4 #cia4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,thorax and abdomen black1 spotted with white4 ,anterior wings black1 the tips edged with white2 two pale lemon-coloured spots are situated in the centre of the wings1 one being long1 the other round2 between which and the tips is a long lemon streak1 extending from the anterior almost to the external edges2 a large patch of a dull red is also placed on the hinder part of the wings1 extending along the posterior edges from the shoulders almost to the lower corners4 ,posterior #djwings dull red-coloured1 bordered with black1 whereon are seven small white spots placed along the external edges1 and reaching from the upper to the abdominal corners4 ,all the wings are dentated4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi yellow4 ,breast white4 ,legs brown4 ,thighs white4 ,anterior wings marked as on the upper side1 but the colours are much duller4 ,posterior wings dirty red1 bordered with black1 whereon are eight white spots1 larger than those on the upper side2 the colours of the whole being much duller and fainter than on that side4 ,,plate ,,xxii4 ,illustration ,,alcis ,,scolopacea4 ,plate ,,xxii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,geometrid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,alcis1 ,curtis4 ,boarmia1 ,treit4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,alcis ,,scolopacea4 ,alis dentatis griseis1 fusco atomosis1 strigisque dentatis et undulatis communibus albidis et fuscis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #e lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,scolopacea1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn filiform4 ,thorax1 abdomen1 and wings brownish grey2 the latter varied with dark indented brown streaks and lines1 contrasted with white and ash colour1 crossing them from the anterior to the posterior and abdominal edges4 ,under ,side4 ,legs1 sides1 abdomen1 and wings yellow wainscot-coloured4 ,about half the anterior ones1 from the tips towards the shoulders1 are marked with faint dark brown lines and streaks4 ,posterior wings having a faintish dark brown cloud1 situated near the upper corners4 ,all the wings are deeply dentated4 ,,callimorpha8 ,,marginata4 ,plate ,,xxii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,callimorpha8 ,latr4 ,phalna 7,bombyx71 ,drury4 ,,callimorpha8 ,,marginata4 ,alis anticis fusco-nigris1 margine antico baseos luteo1 posticis atris basi macul discoidali1 punctisque marginalibus1 coerulescenti albis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #e lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx7 marginata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn pectinated4 ,head black4 ,neck yellow4 ,tongue distinct4 ,thorax and abdomen black2 the latter having two rows of grey spots placed along the upper side of it1 and reaching towards the anus1 which is yellow4 ,anterior wings deep black1 the anterior edges next the shoulders being yellow4 ,posterior wings sooty black1 with a whitish cloud next the shoulders1 and a white spot near the centre of each2 a row of whitish spots are also placed along the external edges1 which become fainter as they approach the upper corners4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 sides1 legs1 and abdomen black4 ,all the wings are the same2 the anterior ones being edged with yellow next the shoulders1 and two faint grey spots near the middle2 a small whitish streak is also placed on the posterior ones1 next the abdominal edges1 about a quarter of an inch from the shoulders1 where is a small yellow spot on each wing4 ,margins of the wings entire4 #da,,venilia8 ,,sospeta4 ,plate ,,xxii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,geometrid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,venilia8 ,duponchel1 ,stephens4 ,macaria p41 ,curtis4 ,,venilia8 ,,sospeta4 ,alis flavis2 anticis punctis duobus parvis discoidalibus maculisque tribus marginalibus2 posticis macul unic versus angulum ani1 brunneis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #e lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,sospeta1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn filiform4 ,head pale yellow4 ,eyes dark brown4 ,tongue spiral4 ,thorax1 abdomen1 and wings pale yellow4 ,on the posterior edges of the anterior wings are placed two faint brown streaks2 one1 which is smallest1 being about a quarter of an inch from the shoulders1 the other the same distance from the lower corners2 about the same distance from the tips1 on the anterior edges1 is placed another very small one4 ,posterior wings having likewise two of these faint spots1 one on the anterior1 the other on the abdominal edges4 ,under ,side4 ,sides1 breast1 and abdomen pale yellow4 ,legs brown and yellow4 ,wings pale yellow1 with the same spots and marks as on the upper side1 but more distinct4 ,the wings are a little angulated4 ,,erebus8 ,,opigena4 ,plate ,,xxii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,erebus8 ,latr4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,erebus8 ,,opigena4 ,alis angulatis badio-fuscis1 strigis nonnullis undulatis et dentatis communibus obscurioribus4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,opigena1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn filiform4 ,head dark brown4 ,neck ash colour4 ,palpi long and greyish1 the extremities being black4 ,tongue spiral4 ,thorax1 abdomen1 and wings dark russet or grey brown2 the latter having some faint dark indented lines crossing the middle of them1 from the anterior to the posterior and abdominal edges4 ,the tips of the anterior wings terminate in an obtuse angle4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 sides1 abdomen1 legs1 and wings very dark brown4 ,a dark narrow line begins at the anterior edge of the superior wings1 about a quarter of an inch from the tips1 and crossing them and the posterior ones ends at the abdominal edges1 just below the body2 dividing each wing into two compartments1 that above the line being a degree darker than that below it2 in the centre of each of these divisions is placed a faint black spot1 and along the external edges are several of a smaller size1 and equally faint4 ,margins of the wings entire4 #db,,plate ,,xxiii4 ,illustration ,,urania ,,rhipheus4 ,plate ,,xxiii4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia8 ,,family3 ,uraniid4 ,,genus4 ,,urania1 ,fabr4 7,syst4 ,gloss47 ,latr4 ,cydimon1 ,dalm4 7,prodr4 ,mon4 ,castni47 ,leilus ,rhipheus1 ,swainson ,zool4 ,illustr4 ,,urania ,,rhipheus4 ,alis nigris1 anticis utrinque lineolis transversis fascique medi bifid aureo viridibus1 posticis are anali cupre violaceo micanti nigroque maculat4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,troj47 ,rhipheus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,esper4 ,pap4 ,exot4 t4 #ba4 f4 #a4 #b4 ,rhipheus dasycephalus1 ,swainson ,zool4 ,illust4 ,n4 ,ser4 pl4 #aca4 ,,habitat3 ,china 7,drury74 ,bengal 7,cramer74 ,coromandel 7,fabricius74 ,madagascar 7,enc4 ,mth474 ,upper ,side4 ,the antenn are black1 and knobbed at their extremities4 ,eyes dark brown4 ,thorax and abdomen black4 ,the ground of the anterior wings is a lovely deep green1 marked or striped all over with irregular streaks of a deep black1 almost all of which run in a direction from the anterior to the posterior edges4 ,posterior wings1 next the body1 black2 but towards the anterior edges are of a fine light blue green1 clouded with black4 ,the other parts1 next the abdominal and external edges1 are of a curious1 deep1 blood-red1 shining with gold1 and spotted with black4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi grey4 ,breast and abdomen ash-coloured4 ,wings light sea-green1 clouded or marked as on the upper side with black4 ,posterior wings1 next the body1 of a most brilliant golden green1 with small spots of black1 which green softens into a fine purple1 from that into a crimson1 then into a blood-red1 and lastly to an orange2 which colours occupy the greater part of these wings3 that part which lies next the upper corners being of a fine blue green1 clouded with black2 all the colours on this side have a rich glow of gold1 and appear changeable1 according to the position in which the light strikes on them2 from the abdominal corner runs a narrow black border along the external edge1 the width of three membranes1 stopping at the angle1 and communicating with a large black spot situated near the abdominal edge4 ,the whole exhibiting the most beautiful colours ,i ever saw united in one insect4 ,the splendid insect1 from which these figures were taken1 has been considered by most ,lepidopterists to have been in a mutilated and mended state2 having the head1 concealed palpi1 and clavate antenn of a true ,papilio1 and the posterior wings nearly truncated at the lower part4 ,these authors have supposed that the insect was a specimen of the ,papilio ,rhipheus of ,cramer 7pl4 #che4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,leilus orientalis1 ,swainson ,zool4 ,illustr4 ,n4 ,ser4 pl4 #acj471 in which the head and antenn are similar to those of ,nyctalemon ,orontes1 figured in the first volume of this work1 and the posterior wings are terminated by three tails4 ,mr4 ,swainson has however adopted a different opinion1 figuring ,drury's insect under the name of ,rhipheus ,dasycephalus1 and ,cramer's under that of ,leilus ,orientalis2 considering that this view of the subject will clear up one of the most intricate and perplexing questions that has hitherto impeded the natural arrangement of the ,linnan ,papiliones and even the entire ,lepidoptera4 ,drury's insect exhibiting the nervures of ,urania1 and the head1 c4 of ,papilio1 is thus considered as establishing as close an affinity as can possibly be imagined between ,papilio and ,leilus 7i4 e4 the ,rhipheus of ,cramer74 ,it is true that there are many ,lepidopterous insects which1 on a #dc;casual glance1 appear identical1 but which belong to distinct groups1 especially distinguished by the neuration of their wings1 but when we consider the almost perfect identity1 in the very peculiar markings and colours1 of these two supposed distinct insects1 the identity in the nerves of their wings2#d the slight scruple which the old collectors had in patching up their insects1 and the truncation of the hind wings in ,drury's figure1 which may be exactly imitated by placing a slip of paper over the tails of perfect tailed specimens of ,rhipheus1 ,i think we are authorised in rejecting1 without hesitation1 the views of ,mr4 ,swainson4 ,that this group of insects is one of the most interesting amongst the ,lepidoptera1 and at the same time exceedingly difficult1 with respect to its natural relations1 cannot be denied4 ,modern authors1 ,mr4 ,swainson observes1 have been unfortunate in their location of this group1 of course alluding to its being placed by ,latreille in the family ,hesperiid4 ,mr4 ,swainson1 however1 is not less unfortunate in his introduction of it into the family ,papilionid1 with which the structure of the fore legs is said peculiarly to rank it4 ,this character1 nevertheless1 together with its day-flying habits and brilliant colours1 are the only points in which an affinity can be traced between the ,papilionid and ,uraniid4 ,but the structure of the hind legs 7having spurs in the middle1 as well as at the tips of the tibi71 and of the nerves of the wings1 antenn1 and palpi1 all exhibit a very slight degree of relationship with ,papilio4 ,mr4 ,swainson has1 indeed1 endeavoured to make the affinity more evident by introducing ,papilio ,curius1 ,fabr4 as a subgenus 7,leptocircus7 in the genus ,leilus 7or ,urania71 but the relationship between these is of the slightest and most unsatisfactory kind4 ,mr4 ,newman has suggested another view of the affinities of this group4 ,in his sketch of the circular distribution of the ,lepidoptera1#e he has introduced into the ,butterfly circle1 the genera ,coronis and ,urania1 the last forming the connecting link with the ,geometrid1 by ,leach's genus ,ourapteryx1 or the ,swallow-tail ,moth4 ,the whole structure of the latter insect indicates1 however1 most clearly that the relation is but an analogical one4 ,had1 indeed1 the observations of ,m4 ,sganzin1#f relative to the transformations of ,urania ,rhipheus been confirmed1 this would certainly have been its more appropriate locality1 its caterpillar being said by him to be a semi-looper1 and its chrysalis to be naked1 suspended by the tail1 and girt round the centre4 ,but the elaborate memoir of ,mr4 ,mac,leay1#g upon the habits and changes of ,urania ,fernandin1 prove most clearly that the larva closely resembles that of ,agarista2#h and that the pupa1 as in that genus1 is inclosed in a cocoon4 ,now this latter character exists in some species of ,hesperia4 ,in these1 however1 the chrysalis is still attached by its tail4 ,mr4 ,mac,leay does not mention whether such is the case in ,urania2 but since his return from ,cuba he has had the kindness to shew me the cocoon1 and to inform me that the chrysalis is loose4 ,this character1 #ddtherefore1 with the entire structure of the imago1 removes it from the ,diurnal ,lepidoptera1 and associates it most satisfactorily with the ,hesperi-sphinges of ,latreille1 especially ,agarista and ,coronis1 which last is very near ,urania ,lunus4 ,thus the situation proposed for these insects by ,latreille1 between ,hesperia and ,agarista1 c4 is found to be most fortunate2 ,mr4 ,swainson himself admitting a relationship with the ,hesperiid1 by calling them the ,hesperian type of the ,papilionid4 ,they also appear to have some relation with ,erebus4 ,the original specimen here figured is stated by ,mr4 ,drury to have been in the possession of ,captain ,may1 of ,hammersmith1 when the drawing was made4 ,it is now in all probability destroyed1 and cannot be traced4 ,,thecla ,,pan4 ,plate ,,xxiii4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,lycnid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,thecla1 ,fabr4 7,syst4 ,gloss47 ,polyommatus p4 ,latr4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rural471 ,linn4 c4 ,,thecla ,,pan4 ,alis fuscis bicaudatis2 subtus fuscescentibus1 ocellis duobus anguli ani1 externo nigro iride ruf4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rur47 ,pan1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black4 ,thorax1 abdomen1 and wings dark brown1 or dark hair-coloured2 the latter being furnished with two small tails like hairs1 the extremities being white4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi white4 ,breast greyish4 ,wings nearly the same colour as on the upper side4 ,the posterior having two eyes on each at the abdominal corners2 one being black with a red iris1 the other grey and faint2 above them is a small indented white line1 pointing to a spot of the same colour placed at the middle of the anterior edge4 ,fabricius1 without referring to this figure of ,drury1 described an ,indian species of the same genus from ,drury's collection1 under the same specific name1 which must of course be rejected4 ,the ,french encyclopedists consider the latter as identical with the ,fabrician ,hesperia ,isocrates4 ,,plate ,,xxiv4 ,illustration ,,erebus ,,hercyna4 ,plate ,,xxiv4 fig4 #a1 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,erebus1 ,latr4 ,thysania1 ,dalm4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,erebus ,,hercyna4 ,alis dentatis fuscis obscur undulatis1 anticarum disco 7puncto nigro7 posticarum strig medi undulat pallid cinereis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,hercyna1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn filiform1 brown1 and thread-like4 ,head1 thorax1 abdomen1 and wings greyish brown4 ,the anterior wings having about two-thirds1 next the shoulders1 of a lighter brown1 being #deseparated from the darker part by a narrow1 black1 undulated line1 similar to one which runs along the external edges from the tips to the lower corners2 near the shoulders are placed two brown spots on each wing1 one round1 the other squarish4 ,posterior wings having two narrow1 black1 undulated lines crossing them1 one next the external edges1 the other about a quarter of an inch above them2 the latter being edged with white4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi1 breast1 and sides greyish brown4 ,tongue spiral4 ,anterior wings rather lighter than on the upper side2 having a dark undulated line crossing them1 near the middle1 from the anterior to the posterior edges2 near the shoulders are two brown spots1 one exactly like a comma1 the other round and smaller2 a white streak1 edged at the top with brown1 is placed near the lower corners2 and along the external edges is a row of faint angulated brown spots placed over each scollop4 ,posterior wings greyish brown2 having a small1 square1 brown spot near the shoulders1 and a patch of a whitish colour at the upper corners4 ,a dark brown undulated line1 edged with white1 begins near the middle of the anterior edges1 which crossing the wings ends at the extremity of the body2 and along the external edges runs a series of brown spots1 placed over each scollop4 ,all the wings are dentated4 ,,saturnia ,,maia4 ,plate ,,xxiv4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,saturnia1 ,schrank4 ,attacus1 ,germar4 ,phalna 7attacus71 ,drury4 ,,saturnia ,,maia4 ,alis rotundatis nigris2 fasci alb1 macul subocellari nigr1 ano rufescenti4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx7 ,maia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer1 ,ins4 #b4 tab4 #ih4 fig4 ,a4 ,bombyx ,proserpina1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #dai4 ,no4 #dj4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bdjg4 #dhj4 ,abbot ,smith ,ins4 ,georg4 pl4 #ej4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #e4 #cg4 #dh4 ,pal4 ,bauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',amer4 ,lep4 pl4 #bd4 f4 #b4 #c4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york 7,drury74 ,georgia 7,abbot74 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black1 and strongly pectinated4 ,neck ash-coloured4 ,thorax and abdomen black1 the extremity being orange4 ,wings pellucid4 ,the anterior being black1 with a white bar crossing them from the anterior to the posterior edges2 whereon is a semi-eye placed near the former4 ,posterior wings black1 with a broader white bar crossing them from the anterior to the abdominal edges2 having near the former a black triangular spot thereon4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi and tongue indistinct4 ,legs and thorax black4 ,thighs orange4 ,abdomen grey1 having its sides spotted with white2 the extremity orange4 ,wings coloured as on the upper side1 but rather more distinct4 ,the thinness of the wings occasions the colours to be less distinct and clear than in most others of this kind4 ,margins of the wings entire4 ,the caterpillar of this very conspicuous moth feeds upon the red oak 7,quercus rubra1 ,linn471 and other species of the same genus4 ,the caterpillars represented by ,abbot are considerably different in colour2 one being dark-coloured1 but covered over with minute yellow spots2 and the other yellow1 with a slender1 dorsal1 and two broader lateral black lines4 ,the head is red1 and each segment is furnished with a transverse series of tubercles1 #df;emitting spinose set4 ,it is1 ,i presume1 by the assistance of these set that the caterpillar stings very sharply1 as stated by ,abbot4 ,when small the whole brood lives together1 but they disperse as they grow larger4 ,one of these larv1 in ,virginia1 went into the ground on the #ast of ,july1 and the moth came out on the #bjth of ,october2 whilst in ,georgia another buried itself on the #adth of ,june1 and the fly did not appear until the #hth of ,december2 after which other individuals kept coming out from time to time until the #afth of ,february4 ,the male appears by day1 and flies very swiftly1 mounting and descending4 ,the moth is called in ,america the ,buck-fly1 from an erroneous idea that its caterpillars are bred in the heads of the buck1 which blow them out of their nostrils4 ,this opinion originates from the fly coming out in the rutting season whilst the bucks are pursuing the does2 the hunters therefore take notice of the insect in order to know the proper season for their sport1 which is later in ,georgia than in ,virginia1 as is also the appearance of the moth4 ,they are much more plentiful in the last-mentioned country4 7,abbot1 loc4 cit47 ,the specific name of ,drury having the priority1 ,i have retained it2 although that subsequently proposed by ,fabricius is far more expressive1 recalling1 as ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smith observes1 the idea of a fair flower which had by gloomy ,dis been gathered1 now become as grizly as the grim monarch of the infernal regions himself4 ,,erebus ,,edusa4 ,plate ,,xxiv4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,erebus1 ,latr4 ,thysania1 ,dalm4 ,phalna 7noctua71 ,drury4 ,,erebus ,,edusa4 ,alis castaneis fusco irroratis1 anticis maculis nonnullis baseos alterisque duabus majoribus apicalibus2 apiceque posticarum 7nigro punctato7 albis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #b lin47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,edusa1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown and filiform4 ,thorax1 abdomen1 and wings of a fine red sandy brown colour2 the first ring of the abdomen with an ash-coloured spot4 ,anterior wings with two whitish oblong spots on the external edges of each2 one near the tips1 the other at the lower corners4 ,a small whitish bar crosses these wings about a quarter of an inch from the body2 and next the shoulders is a spot of the same whitish colour4 ,posterior wings brown1 with an oblong whitish spot placed along the external edges1 reaching from the abdominal almost to the upper corners4 ,cilia brown4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi brown4 ,tongue short4 ,breast1 sides1 and legs paler than on the upper side4 ,wings pale sandy-coloured1 except a few small1 round1 dark spots dispersed over them1 but scarcely discernible4 ,margins of all the wings dentated4 #dg,,plate ,,xxv4 ,illustration ,,sphinx ,,ant,,us4 ,plate ,,xxv4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,sphinx1 ,auct4 ,,sphinx ,,ant,,us4 ,alis anticis cinereis nigro undatis1 posticis nigris basi rufis fascique fenestrat1 capite bicorni4 7,expans4 ,alar4 male4 #f unc4--female4 #g unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,antus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,sphinx ,hydaspes1 ,cram4 ,ins4 tab4 #aah4 fig4 ,a4 ,sphinx ,jatroph1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cfb4 ,no4 #bb4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcgf4 #fc4 ,merian ,ins4 ,surinam1 tab4 #ch4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,in ,americ ,jatropha gossypifolia4 ,fabr4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn white underneath1 and brown above4 ,head and thorax dark rusty brown4 ,abdomen the same on the upper part1 but on each side of the second1 third1 and fourth rings are three yellow spots4 ,anterior wings dark rusty brown1 with several black1 waved1 and indented lines placed in different parts2 and in the middle1 near the anterior edges1 are two small1 round1 white spots placed on each wing4 ,the middle of the posterior wings transparent like glass2 with a deep brown or black border running along the external edges from the abdominal to the upper corners2 the part next the body being yellow4 ,under ,side4 ,breast and abdomen cream-coloured4 ,legs white and brown4 ,anterior wings1 next the body1 with two yellow longitudinal streaks2 the remaining parts being red brown 7differing from the colour on the upper side7 without any other marks or clouds on them4 ,posterior wings coloured as on the upper side1 except in the black border1 which on this side is red brown4 ,,smerinthus ,,jamaicensis4 ,plate ,,xxv4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,smerinthus1 ,latr4 ,laotho1 ,fabr4 7,syst4 ,gloss47 ,sphinx1 ,linn4 ,,smerinthus ,,jamaicensis4 ,alis anticis fusco1 griseo1 olivaceoque variis1 posticis roseis ocello coeruleo nigro marginato4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #e lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ocellatus ,jamaicensis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,sphinx ocellatus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cee4 ,no4 #a4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,n4 #bcga4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,in ,europ ,americ ,spir1 ,salice1 ,pomon4 ,fabr4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn pectinated and brown4 ,head and thorax soft dun-coloured1 but dark brown above4 ,abdomen dun4 ,anterior wings delicate fine greyish1 light brown next the shoulders and tips2 the remaining parts being clouded with dark olive brown colours4 ,posterior wings red in the middle1 but along the external edges dun-coloured2 having a large black spot placed near the abdominal corners1 the middle of which is blue1 and imperfectly resembling an eye4 ,all the wings are angulated4 ,under ,side4 ,breast and abdomen dun4 ,anterior wings red in the middle2 but along the anterior edges ash-coloured1 which runs to the tips where it forms a crescent1 the inner part being dark olive brown2 the external edges are olive brown1 but lighter than the crescent4 ,posterior wings clouded with olive brown and ash-colour2 having a double ash-coloured bar crossing them1 which rises at the anterior edges of the anterior wings1 and1 running circularly1 ends at the abdominal edges of the posterior4 #dh;,fabricius cites the present figure amongst his synonyms of the common ,english ,eyed-hawk moth 7,smerinthus ocellatus71 notwithstanding its very different habitat4 ,it is evident1 however1 from the diversity in the outline of the wings of this insect and other ,english species1 and from the circumstance of several species very closely allied to this being found in ,america 7two of which are figured by ,abbot and ,smith in the ,insects of ,georgia1 pl4 #be4 and #bf471 that ,fabricius overlooked the minute characters which distinguish these species1 and confounded them under the name of ,ocellatus4 ,drury's insect very nearly approaches ,sphinx ,myops of ,smith1 but differs in the markings1 especially of the posterior edge of the wings1 and the colour of the posterior pair4 ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smith notices the very slight difference which exists between the caterpillars of nearly allied species of ,sphingid1 compared with the diversity in the larv of the genus ,papilio of ,linnus4 ,,plate ,,xxvi4 ,illustration ,,sphinx ,,ficus4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,sphinx1 ,auct4 ,,sphinx ,,ficus4 ,alis anticis cinereo fuscoque nebulosis1 macul apicali albid2 posticis nigris basi fascique medi luteis angulo ani albo4 7,expans4 ,alar4 male4 #e unc4--female4 #f unc47 ,,syn4 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #b4 #hjj4 #ae4 ,cramer1 tab4 #bdf4 fig4 ,e4 ,merian ,ins4 ,surin4 t4 #cc4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cff4 ,no4 #ca4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bchj4 #ae4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn ash-coloured4 ,head1 thorax1 abdomen1 and anterior wings dark olive2 the extremities of the latter ending in a point1 where is situated a cream-coloured spot1 close to the anterior edges1 whose extremity runs to the tips2 a patch of a dark cream colour is also placed on the external edges1 joining to the lower corners4 ,posterior wings1 next the body1 dark cream-coloured2 below this is a black bar1 and another at the external edges1 with a dark cream bar between them4 ,the abdominal corners terminate in a point1 which is of a fine white silvery hue4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 abdomen1 legs1 and wings pale olive brown1 with three faint indistinct lines crossing them from the anterior to the abdominal edges4 ,the anterior wings having a faint whitish streak placed at the tips4 ,,smerinthus ,,astylus4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,smerinthus1 ,latr4 ,laotho1 ,fabr4 7,syst4 ,gloss47 ,sphinx1 ,linn4 ,,smerinthus ,,astylus4 ,alis subangulatis cinnamoneo-roseis1 anticarum apice strigisque subapicalibus fuscis1 posticarum ocello coerulescenti4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #aj lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,astylus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 #di,upper ,side4 ,antenn reddish4 ,thorax and abdomen reddish cinnamon2 having a dark line running from the head along the back to the tail4 ,anterior wings reddish cinnamon2 having a dark apical margin1 and a paler streak running circularly from the tips to the lower corners2 where1 at each of those places1 is a yellowish indistinct mark4 ,posterior wings reddish cinnamon1 paler at the base2 near the abdominal corners is a round black spot1 with an indistinct centre4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 thighs1 and abdomen cinnamon4 ,legs black4 ,wings nearly coloured as on the upper side2 the pale streaks and yellow marks1 at the tips and lower corners1 being more distinct and plain on this side2 the black spots on the posterior wings being wanting4 ,drury considered it as a distinct species from that in the foregoing plate4 ,,sphinx ,,hyl,,us4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid4 ,,genus4 ,,sphinx1 ,auct4 ,,sphinx ,,hyl,,us4 ,alis anticis fuscis margine interno apiceque variegatis2 posticis nigris macul basali fascique medi transvers cinereis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,hylus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer ,ins4 pl4 #ajg4 fig4 ,c8 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cgc4 ,no4 #ec4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bchc4 #ha4 ,sphinx ,prini1 ,abbott ,smith ,ins4 ,georg4 tab4 #ce4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn white within1 brown without4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen rusty grey brown2 the latter having on the sides of each ring a narrow white streak1 and two small white spots on the upper part4 ,anterior wings rusty grey brown2 having several dappled white marks dispersed on different parts1 particularly at the shoulders and external edges2 a narrow black line rises near the lower corners1 running from thence to the anterior edges1 and ending near the tips2 cilia brown1 spotted with white4 ,posterior wings black2 cilia white1 having some whitish marks thereon1 particularly near the abdominal corners4 ,under ,side4 ,breast and abdomen white4 ,legs brown4 ,wings brown2 having two faint indented lines crossing them1 near the tips and lower corners4 ,posterior wings brown1 with some faint undulated dark lines crossing them from the anterior edges to the abdominal corners4 ,the caterpillar of this insect1 observed by ,abbot1 feeds upon the evergreen winter-berry1 or gall-berry 7,prinos glaber1 ,linn471 whence ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smith altered the name of the species from ,hylus to ,prini4 ,it is of a pale green colour1 with six lateral oblique pink lines1 the last of which extends to the base of the nearly straight tail1 which is of the same colour2 the chrysalis is chesnut1 without any porrected tongue-case4 ,one of these caterpillars1 observed by ,abbot1 went into the ground on the #agth of ,may1 and appeared as a moth on the #aith of ,june2 whilst another buried itself on the #beth of ,august1 and remained in the earth until the #bfth of ,april4 ,the caterpillar is subject to the attacks of a small ,ichneumon1 the larv of which1 when full grown1 eat their way out of its body and spin themselves up on the outside4 ,the moth is occasionally seen sucking the blossoms of gourds in the twilight1 but is not common4 #ej,,plate ,,xxvii4 ,illustration ,,deilephila ,,nessus4 ,plate ,,xxvii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,deilephila1 ,ochs4 ,spectrum ,p4 ,scop4 ,sphinx ,p4 ,linn4 ,,deilephila ,,nessus4 ,alis anticis cinerascentibus apice externo albido1 posticis nigris fasci fulv1 abdominis lateribus fulvis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 fere #e unc47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,nessus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer ,ins4 tab4 #bbf4 fig4 ,d4 ,sphinx equestris1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cfe4 ,no4 #bi4 ,,habitat3 ,madras4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn white above1 and brown beneath4 ,head1 neck1 and thorax olive brown1 with an ash-coloured streak running on each side thereof4 ,abdomen1 next the thorax1 very dark1 from whence a brown list runs along the upper part to the extremity2 the sides being of a golden yellow4 ,anterior wings dark green next the shoulders1 softening to a nut brown as it runs along the anterior edges2 the tips cream-coloured1 from whence run two faint lines to the middle of the posterior edges2 and also a lightish bar running in the same direction4 ,along the external edges they are of a delicate1 soft1 nut brown colour1 and near the middle of each is a small black spot1 placed near the anterior edge4 ,posterior wings black next the body1 but nut brown along the external edges 7about half way72 the abdominal corners and adjoining parts being cream colour1 as are the cilia and anterior edges4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 sides1 and abdomen deep golden yellow2 the middle of which and the legs are ash-coloured4 ,wings deep yellow4 ,the anterior1 next the body1 greenish black1 and cream-coloured next the tips4 ,the posterior having several faint1 dark1 and undulated lines crossing them from the anterior to the abdominal edges4 ,,glaucopis ,,coarctata female4 ,plate ,,xxvii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia8 ,,family3 geriid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,glaucopis1 ,fabricius4 7syst4 ,gloss47 ,zygna1 ,fabr4 ,olim4 ,sphinx ,p4 ,drury4 ,,glaucopis ,,coarctata4 ,alis flavo-hyalinis1 marginibus maculque anticarum fuscis1 abdomine basi coarctato1 maculis aureo-coerulescentibus4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx coarctata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cramer ,ins4 tab4 #d4 f4 ,f4 ,g4 ,zygna caudata1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #djc4 ,no4 #eh4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcih4 #adg4 ,pallas ,spicel4 ,zool4 #a4 tab4 #b4 fig4 #h4 male4 ,,habitat3 ,bay of ,honduras 7,drury74 ,in ,america meridionali 7,fabr474 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn pectinated1 and thickest in the middle4 ,head black1 with a blue spot in front4 ,neck blue4 ,thorax black1 with an orange spot on each shoulder4 ,abdomen black2 smallest next the thorax1 with a row of golden blue spots on each side1 and another at top2 at the extremity is placed a hairy bristle1 about a quarter the length of the abdomen4 ,wings yellowish1 and transparent4 ,the anterior having a black narrow border running round all their edges1 except the anterior ones2 and in the middle of each is an oblong black spot1 joining to the anterior edge1 which reaches almost half across the wing4 ,posterior wings with a black border along the abdominal edges and the upper corners2 the anterior and external edges having none4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi externally white1 but internally black4 ,tongue curled up4 ,breast black1 the sides being blue4 ,legs black4 ,thighs white within1 and blue without4 ,abdomen1 next the thorax1 #eawhite2 the remainder being black1 with four white spots on each side2 that next the anus being the smallest4 ,wings as on the upper side2 except the anterior1 which have a yellowish border running along the posterior edges4 ,the extremity of the body of the male is furnished with a villose tail1 as long as the body4 ,,aglaope ,,plumipes4 ,plate ,,xxvii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia8 ,,family3 geriid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,aglaope1 ,latr4 ,sphinx1 ,drury4 ,,aglaope ,,plumipes4 ,nigricans1 thorace maculis abdomineque fasciis albis1 alis immaculatis1 tibiis posticis plumosis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx plumipes1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,bay of ,honduras4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black1 but whitish at the tips2 being thickest in the middle4 ,head black1 with a white spot in front between the antenn4 ,neck black1 with three white spots on it4 ,thorax black1 with several white spots thereon4 ,abdomen black1 with several narrow white rings4 ,wings dark brown1 immaculate4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi white4 ,tongue spiral4 ,breast black1 spotted with white on its sides4 ,abdomen black1 having one broad white ring on it1 and several narrow ones4 ,legs long and black4 ,thighs white4 ,hinder legs furnished with tufts of hairs of a black colour1 placed in such manner as to resemble the shaft of an arrow2 the legs1 above and below these tufts1 being white4 ,wings coloured as on the upper side4 ,,deilephila ,,alecto4 ,plate ,,xxvii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,deilephila1 ,ochs4 ,spectrum ,p4 ,scop4 ,sphinx ,p4 ,linn4 ,,deilephila ,,alecto4 ,alis anticis griseis1 strigis nonnullis obliquis apicalibus obscurioribus2 posticis rubris basi margineque atris4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,alecto1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #b4 #hjb4 ,no4 #bj4 ,cramer1 tab4 #acg4 fig4 ,d4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cgf4 ,no4 #ei4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bchd4 #bj4 ,,habitat3 ,madras4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn white above1 brown underneath2 hooked at the extremities4 ,head and thorax olive brown1 with a white stripe running on each side from the front to the shoulders4 ,abdomen greyish brown2 having a black spot on each side1 near the thorax4 ,anterior wings soft olive brown2 having a dark line running from the tips to the posterior edges1 near the middle4 ,posterior wings1 next the shoulders1 black2 the remainder being red1 except the abdominal edges and corners1 which are cream-coloured2 and a brown margin running along the external edges4 ,under ,side4 ,breast1 sides1 legs1 and abdomen yellowish clay-coloured4 ,wings dark orange1 margined with faint brown4 #eb,,plate ,,xxviii4 ,illustration ,,deilephila ,,clotho4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,deilephila1 ,ochs4 ,spectrum ,p4 ,scop4 ,sphinx ,p4 ,linn4 ,,deilephila ,,clotho4 ,alis cinereo-olivaceis1 line rect e margine postico ad apicem duct nigr2 posticis nigris extern fuscis1 angulo ani pallidiori4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,clotho4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,sphinx ,butus1 ,cram4 tab4 #aeb4 ,a4 ,sphinx ,gnoma1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cgf4 ,no4 #fa4 7nec ,clotho1 ,fabr4 loc4 cit4 ,no4 #fj47 ,,habitat3 ,madras4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn cream-coloured4 ,head brown olive1 with a cream-coloured stripe running on each side to the abdomen4 ,thorax brown olive4 ,abdomen paler1 having a black spot on each side near the thorax4 ,anterior wings light olive brown1 with a line running from the tips to the middle of the posterior edges1 and a small black spot next the shoulders4 ,posterior wings1 next the body1 black2 but along the external edges brown1 and palest at the abdominal corners4 ,under ,side4 ,tongue curled up4 ,breast and sides cream-coloured4 ,abdomen darker4 ,wings yellowish clay-coloured and freckled4 ,the anterior having a dark cloud in the middle of each1 near the shoulders2 and the posterior having a faint indented line crossing them from the anterior to the abdominal edges4 ,,geria ,,tibialis4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia8 ,,family3 geriid1 ,steph4 ,,genus4 ,,geria1 ,fabr4 ,sesia1 ,latr4 ,sphinx1 ,drury4 ,zygna1 ,fabr4 ,,geria ,,tibialis4 ,alis anticis fuscis immaculatis1 posticis hyalinis2 tibiis posticis plumosis testaceis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #a lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx tibialis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,zygna tibialis1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #djd4 ,no4 #fb4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcii4 #aea4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black1 slightly pectinated2 being thickest towards the extremities1 and ending in a point2 where1 by the assistance of a microscope1 may be observed a small tuft of hairs4 ,head ash-coloured4 ,thorax and abdomen dark hair colour2 the latter being encircled with small white rings4 ,anterior wings narrow1 and of a dark hair colour1 without any marks or spots4 ,posterior hyaline4 ,cilia dark brown4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi yellowish4 ,tongue curled up4 ,breast and abdomen yellowish1 having some grey hairs placed between them4 ,fore and middle legs dark brown4 ,hinder legs remarkably hairy2 being scarlet on the out sides1 and black on the inner and under sides1 with some white tufts intermixed4 ,wings as on the upper side4 #ec;,,glaucopis ,,pholus4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,zygnid4 ,,genus4 ,,glaucopis1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 7,zygna1 ,fabr4 olim47 ,,glaucopis ,,pholus4 ,atra1 alis omnibus basi fulvis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,pholus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,zygna ,pholus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #djf4 ,no4 #bg4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcii4 #aee4 7,sphinx74 ,,habitat3 ,new ,england1 ,new ,york1 ,maryland1 ,virginia1 ,carolina4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black1 and thickest in the middle4 ,head1 eyes1 thorax1 and abdomen black4 ,shoulders and half the superior wings deep orange yellow2 the apical half black4 ,posterior wings1 next the body1 paler yellow2 the remaining two-thirds black4 ,under ,side4 ,tongue curled up4 ,breast1 sides1 abdomen1 and legs black4 ,wings coloured as on the upper side1 but not quite so brilliant4 ,,glaucopis8 ,,astreas4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,zygnid4 ,,genus4 ,,glaucopis1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 7,zygna1 ,fabr4 olim47 ,,glaucopis8 ,,astreas4 ,alis subhyalinis albidis1 macul medi apiceque fuscis1 thorace nigro maculato1 abdomine roseo4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,astreas1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,noctua ,astrea1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #b4 p4 #ai4 ,no4 #ce4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #becd4 #eic4 ,,habitat3 ,bengal 7,drury74 ,new ,holland 7,fabricius74 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn filiform1 light brown1 being thickest in the middle4 ,head cream-coloured1 spotted with black4 ,neck the same1 with a red cleft in the middle1 and a black spot on each side4 ,thorax cream-coloured1 spotted with black4 ,abdomen scarlet4 ,anterior wings transparent1 whereof a third next the tips is opake and of a light hair colour1 running about half way up the anterior edge of each wing2 where is a streak of the same colour running half way across the wing4 ,anterior and posterior edges dark cream-coloured4 ,posterior wings transparent1 the anterior edges and upper corners being dark cream-coloured4 ,under ,side4 ,palpi white externally1 but red within2 the extremities being black4 ,tongue curled up4 ,breast white1 with a black spot on each side4 ,legs red4 ,under sides of the thighs white4 ,abdomen cream colour2 having a narrow white streak on each side1 whereon are several black spots4 ,wings coloured as on the upper side4 ,this insect is evidently the type of a subgenus1 sufficiently distinct from any of the preceding4 #ed,,syntomis ,,fenestrata4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia8 ,,family3 ,zygnid4 ,,genus4 ,,syntomis1 ,illig4 ,latr4 ,zygna1 ,fabr4 ,sphinx1 ,drury4 ,,syntomis ,,fenestrata4 ,alis fuscis1 anticarum maculis quatuor1 posticarum unic hyalinis1 abdomine fulvo nigroque annulato4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #b lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx fenestrata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,zygna fenestrata1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cib4 ,no4 #ba4 ,gmel4 ,linn4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcid4 #aai4 7,sphinx74 ,,habitat3 ,china4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn filiform1 black1 white at the tips1 and thickest in the middle4 ,head tawny yellow4 ,neck black4 ,thorax and abdomen tawny yellow2 the former having three black spots thereon1 and the latter encircled with six black rings4 ,anterior wings having four transparent spots in each2 the two next the shoulders being divided only by the nerves1 in one of which appears two dark spots1 one next the shoulders1 and the other a quarter of an inch from it1 crossing the transparent part4 ,all the edges of these wings are very dark brown1 the external and posterior ones being broadest4 ,posterior wings also having one large transparent spot in each2 all the edges of these wings brown1 the external and anterior ones being broadest1 nerves yellow4 ,under ,side4 ,tongue curled up4 ,sides1 breast1 and abdomen yellow1 with black rings4 ,legs dark brown and yellow4 ,wings as on the upper side4 ,,glaucopis8 ,,phal,,noides4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 fig4 #f4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,zygnid4 ,,genus4 ,,glaucopis1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 7zygna1 ,fabr4 ,olim47 ,,glaucopis8 ,,phal,,noides4 ,alis anticis cinereis apicem versus subpellucidis1 posticis parvis truncatis macul basali obscur4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,phalnoides1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,bay of ,honduras4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn pectinated and grey1 being smallest at the extremity1 which is white4 ,head grey4 ,neck white4 ,thorax ash-coloured4 ,abdomen pale yellow4 ,anterior wings ash-coloured next the shoulders1 and along the anterior and posterior edges2 the remaining parts being nearly transparent4 ,posterior wings singularly shaped2 ash-coloured next the body1 but the anterior parts are subpellucid4 ,on these parts is placed a small triangular spot1 of different colours when held in different directions1 in some being yellow1 in others ash-coloured4 ,under ,side4 ,tongue curled up4 ,breast yellow4 ,sides and abdomen white4 ,anterior wings appearing more pellucid than above4 ,anterior and external edges white2 and near the shoulders is placed a white oval spot on each4 ,posterior wings ash-coloured1 but round the edges are white2 appearing to be less pellucid than on the upper side4 ,the triangular spot is scarcely discernible on this side4 #ee,,plate ,,xxix4 ,illustration ,,sphinx ,,achemon4 ,plate ,,xxix4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid4 ,,genus4 ,,sphinx1 ,auct4 ,,sphinx ,,achemon4 ,alis anticis griseo-fuscis maculis tribus marginalibus et apicalibus brunneis1 posticis roseis externe fuscis1 maculis nigris submarginalibus4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,achemon1 ,drury1 ,append4 vol4 #b4 ,sphinx ,crantor8 ,cramer1 tab4 #ajd4 fig4 ,a4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #cge4 #eh4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn reddish ash-coloured4 ,head and thorax greyish brown1 with a large patch of a deep chocolate on each shoulder4 ,abdomen grey brown1 but lighter on the sides4 ,anterior wings1 next the shoulders1 grey brown2 but of a dark olive brown towards the tips and external edges4 ,near the middle of the posterior edges is placed a large square spot1 of a deep chocolate colour3 at the lower corners is a small triangular one2 and a third somewhat larger than the last at the tips4 ,posterior wings rose-coloured next the shoulders and anterior edges1 but grey-brown along the external edges2 having a short row of black spots lying parallel thereto1 and rising from the abdominal corners4 ,under ,side4 ,breast and abdomen grey brown1 but lighter than on the upper side4 ,wings rusty red1 immaculate1 except a dark border running along the external edges2 and also a faint narrow line crossing them1 from the anterior to the abdominal edges4 ,,macroglossa ,,passalus4 ,plate ,,xxix4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,macroglossa1 ,ochs4 ,sesia ,p4 ,fabr4 ,sphinx ,p4 ,drury4 ,,macroglossa ,,passalus4 ,alis anticis badio fuscis1 in medio fasci lat pallidiori1 posticis luteis margine lato fusco4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,passalus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,sphinx ,pandora1 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,,iii4 #a4 #chj4 ,no4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,china 7,drury74 ,india orientalis 7,fabricius74 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn brown1 and thickest near their extremities4 ,head and thorax greyish-brown1 with a dark line running down the middle4 ,abdomen red brown1 with two yellow spots on each side4 ,tail broad and hairy4 ,anterior wings1 next the body1 dark chocolate1 occupying a third part2 next to this they are of a light red brown1 growing darker as it approaches the tips4 ,inferior wings yellow next the shoulders2 the apical half being of a fine dark chocolate4 ,under ,side4 ,head white4 ,tongue curled up4 ,breast and thighs yellow clay-coloured4 ,legs1 sides1 and abdomen dark clay-coloured4 ,wings1 next the body1 yellow clay-coloured2 the remaining parts being red brown1 with a faint darker border along the external edges4 #ef;,,glaucopis8 ,,pulchra4 ,plate ,,xxix4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia8 ,,family3 ,zygnid4 ,,genus4 ,,glaucopis1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,sphinx1 ,drury4 ,,glaucopis ,,pulchra4 ,alis anticis nigris1 strigis sex fulvis2 posticis nigris basi fulvis2 abdomine fulvo annulato4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,pulchra1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,china4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn black1 and smallest at their extremities4 ,head yellow4 ,thorax the same1 streaked longitudinally with black4 ,abdomen black1 having one ring near the middle2 the extremity of the tail being yellow4 ,anterior wings black1 with six yellow spots and streaks on each2 one streak being the longest1 running parallel and near to the posterior edge2 another is placed on the edge itself4 ,the space between these streaks and the anterior edge is occupied by the remaining four spots2 the foremost being much narrower than the others4 ,posterior wings yellow next the shoulders1 with a broad black margin running along the external edges4 ,under ,side4 ,tongue curled up4 ,breast and sides yellow4 ,legs black4 ,thighs yellow4 ,abdomen yellow2 the extremity black1 with two yellow rings4 ,wings as on the upper side1 but the colours less brilliant4 ,,sphinx ,,brontes4 ,plate ,,xxix4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,lepidoptera4 ,,section3 ,crepuscularia4 ,,family3 ,sphingid4 ,,genus4 ,,sphinx1 ,auct4 ,,sphinx ,,brontes4 ,alis griseis puncto discoidali albido1 strigisque transversis undatis fuscis1 posticis nigricantibus margine interno et ad angulum ani pallidioribus4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #d unc47 ,,syn4 ,sphinx ,brontes1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,upper ,side4 ,antenn white within1 brown outside4 ,head and neck dark brown4 ,thorax and abdomen grey2 on the hinder part of the former are two black spots1 and on each ring of the latter are two small black streaks1 placed on its sides1 down to the tail4 ,anterior wings grey1 with a white spot in the middle of each near the anterior edges1 and a small white cloud next the tips2 having several curved and indented black lines crossing them from the anterior to the posterior edges1 some being faint1 others very distinct2 cilia brown1 spotted with white4 ,posterior wings very dark brown2 but along the abdominal edges and corners grey2 cilia white and brown4 ,under ,side4 ,breast white4 ,legs mottled4 ,abdomen white1 with four reddish spots placed along the middle4 ,anterior wings dark grey brown1 without any marks on them1 except at the tips1 where is placed a narrow white streak joining to the anterior edges4 ,posterior wings dark grey brown2 but next the abdominal edges white1 without any marks on them1 except two faint lines crossing them from the anterior edges to the abdominal corners4 #eg,,plate ,,xxx4 ,illustration ,,trichius 7,,archimedius7 ,,delta4 ,plate ,,xxx4 fig4 #a1 natural size--fig4 #b1 magnified4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,genus4 ,,trichius1 ,fabr4 ,scarabus ,p4 ,drury4 ,,subgenus3 ,archimedius1 ,kirby in ,zool4 ,journ4 ,no4 #aj4 ,,trichius 7,,archimedius7 ,,delta4 ,thorace nigro1 triangulo albo1 elytris testaceis puncto fusco4 7,long4 ,corp4 #e lin47 ,,syn4 ,scarabus ,delta1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,ent4 p4 #da4 #g4 ,syst4 ,el4 ,,ii4 p4 #acc4 #ad4 7,trichius ,d47 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #f4 p4 #fd4 t4 #aa4 fig4 #ajg4 ,,habitat3 ,virginia1 ,north ,america4 ,head rather large and quadrangular2 black and cream-coloured on the upper part1 red brown near the mouth4 ,eyes large1 black1 and prominent4 ,antenn red brown4 ,thorax margined with cream colour1 the extreme edge being black2 having a black circular patch thereon1 and a cream-coloured triangular mark within it4 ,scutellum cream1 surrounded or edged with black2 having a black streak down its middle1 and just below it the suture is cream colour4 ,elytra dull orange1 with a black spot near the middle of each4 ,body and abdomen ash-coloured4 ,thighs and tibi tawny orange4 ,tarsi #e-;jointed2 the hinder ones being remarkably long4 ,,chasmodia8 ,,virens4 ,plate ,,xxx4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,rutelid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,genus4 ,,chasmodia8 ,mac,leay4 ,cetonia ,p4 ,fabr4 ,scarabus ,p4 ,drury4 ,,chasmodia8 ,,virens4 ,ferrugineo-flavescens1 elytris virescentibus1 sterno cornuto4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,scarabus virens1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,herbst4 ,col4 ,,iii4 p4 #afb4 t4 #bg4 f4 #b4 7,melolontha v47 ,cetonia smaragdula1 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 ,,ii4 p4 #adc4 #dd4 ,syst4 ,ent4 p4 #de4 ,no4 #aa4 ,schon4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #c4 #aeg4 7,hoplia sm47 ,,habitat3 ,south ,america1 ,schonherr4 ,america1 ,mus4 ,dr4 ,hunter 7,fabr474 ,head and thorax brown olive1 the former margined4 ,elytra olive1 not covering the abdomen4 ,anus yellowish brown4 ,abdomen dark brown1 the sides and middle being lighter4 ,legs dirty olive4 ,sternum long1 extending beyond the fore legs4 ,tarsi short4 ,,cetonia 7,,gnathocera7 ,,africana4 ,plate ,,xxx4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,genus4 ,,cetonia1 ,fabricius4 ,scarabus ,p4 ,drury4 ,,subgenus3 ,gnathocera1 ,kirby1 ,gory ,percheron1 7mon4 ,ceton474 ,,cetonia 7,,gnathocera7 ,,africana4 nea nitens1 capitis spin incumbente1 sterno porrecto1 elytris punctis nigris1 striatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,scarabus ,africanus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,ent4 p4 #dh4 #be4 ,syst4 ,el4 #b4 p4 #adi4 #gc4 7,cetonia ,afr47 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #f4 p4 #ca4 t4 #h4 f4 #gj4 ,cetonia ,smaragdina1 ,herbst4 ,col4 ,,iii4 p4 #beh4 #dg4 t4 #cb4 f4 #e4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,entirely of a fine green colour1 except the tarsi1 which are black4 ,the colour1 which is very brilliant1 appears not to be reflected from the surface1 but seems as if covered with a fine transparent #ehvarnish4 ,head quadrangular1 margined and furrowed4 ,thorax smooth and finely polished4 ,scutellum large and triangular4 ,elytra slightly striated1 with punctures1 and margined4 ,sternum long and slender4 ,tibi with two spurs4 ,this species1 according to ,mr4 ,smeathman1 frequents flowers2 thus resembling in its habits the ,british species of the family to which it belongs4 ,,dynastes ,,geon4 ,plate ,,xxx4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,dynastid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,genus4 ,,dynastes1 ,mac,leay4 ,geotrupes1 ,fabr4 ,scarabus ,p4 ,linn4 ,scarabus1 ,latreille4 ,,dynastes ,,geon4 ,rufus1 thoracis cornu brevi incurvo subtus barbato1 capitis recurvo subulato4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,scarabus geon1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 p4 #d4 ,no4 #d4 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 #a4 p4 #e4 ,no4 #h4 7,geotrupes g47 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #c4 p4 #bf4 ,no4 #bf4 t4 #a4 f4 #d4 ,jabl4 ,nat4 ,syst4 #a4 p4 #bbh4 ,no4 #f4 t4 #a4 f4 #d4 ,sch4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #a4 p4 #d4 ,no4 #ac4 ,,habitat3 ,in ,indiis 7,fabricius74 ,peruvia 7,dejean474 ,head small and black1 from whence springs a horn that bends towards the body4 ,eyes red brown4 ,thorax red brown1 with a black margin2 having a short thick horn issuing from it1 that inclines towards the head3 it has also a faint black spot on each side4 ,scutellum black and triangular4 ,elytra red brown2 the margins and suture being black4 ,abdomen black1 covered with olive brown hairs4 ,legs black4 ,hinder and fore tibi with three short spines1 placed on the external part of each2 and with two spurs1 those of the middle ones being shortest4 ,ungues having a single hair issuing from between the hooks1 forked at the end4 ,,dynastes ,,geryon4 ,plate ,,xxx4 fig4 #f4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,dynastid4 ,,genus4 ,,dynastes1 ,mac,leay4 ,geotrupes1 ,fabr4 ,scarabus ,p4 ,linn4 ,,dynastes ,,geryon4 ,thorace excavato tricorni2 lateralibus compressis unidentatis2 capitis recurvo sumplici4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #g lin47 ,,syn4 ,scarabus ,geryon1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,ent4 #a4 p4 #i4 ,no4 #ba4 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 #a4 p4 #aa4 ,no4 #ca4 7,geotrupes ,g47 ,schonh4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #a4 p4 #aj4 #da4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #c4 p4 #cj4 t4 #bd4 ,no4 #bjh4 ,,habitat3 ,in ,indiis 7,fabr474 ,head small1 and margined in front2 being furnished with a single horn that bends towards the thorax4 ,thorax margined1 and dark brown 7the general colour of the insect72 being armed with three remarkable horns1 whereof two are placed in front1 one on each side2 being very strong and broad one way1 but thin the other1 and branched at their extremities4 ,the other horn is placed on the hinder part of the thorax1 being short and thick at bottom1 but sharp and pointed at top2 springing from a protuberance that almost covers the escutcheon1 which is small and triangular4 ,all these horns are immoveable1 and their situations occasion a most remarkable hollowness or cavity in the thorax1 which #ei;is smooth and shining2 but the protuberance1 next the scutellum1 is full of punctures1 and the edge notched4 ,elytra shining1 punctured1 and slightly striated4 ,abdomen and legs red brown1 and hairy2 the hinder ones being remarkably thick and strong1 with two broad tibial spurs4 ,the middle and fore tibi are strongly dentated1 each being furnished with a thick spur4 ,anterior tibi with the first joint long and slender1 but in the middle and hinder tibi1 exceeding thick and strong4 ,,plate ,,xxxi4 ,illustration ,,lamia 7,,sternotomis7 ,,mirabilis4 ,plate ,,xxxi4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,genus4 ,,lamia1 ,fabr4 ,cerambyx ,p4 ,linn4 7,,subgenus3 ,sternotomis1 ,perch47 ,,lamia 7,,sternotomis7 ,,mirabilis4 ,nigra1 thorace spinoso1 antice fasciis1 elytris punctis viridibus1 his basi mucronatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #aj lin47 ,,syn4 ,cerambyx ,mirabilis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,lamia pulchra1 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 #b4 #bhe4 #be4 ,syst4 ,ent4 #aga4 #f4 7nec ,c4 pulchra1 ,drury1 vol4 #a4 t4 #cb4 f4 #f47 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #dhh4 #aae4 t4 #bb4 f4 #afg4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,varied with beautiful green and black colours1 the former exceedingly bright4 ,head green1 with two others running downwards from the eyes4 ,jaws with the upper part green1 the extremities black1 with four green palpi4 ,antenn black1 ten-jointed1 the basal joint being thickest4 ,thorax green1 with black streaks running round it1 the sides terminating in an obtuse point4 ,scutellum very small1 black1 and triangular4 ,elytra black and margined1 beautifully streaked and spotted with green3 the former running across the anterior part1 the latter placed near the extremities4 ,abdomen green1 with black rings4 ,legs green1 streaked with black4 ,tarsi green at top1 brown beneath4 ,,lamia 7,,agaphantia7 ,,bipunctata4 ,plate ,,xxxi4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,genus4 ,,lamia1 ,fabr4 ,cerambyx ,p4 ,linn4 7,,subgenus3 ,agaphantia1 ,serv47 ,,lamia 7,,agaphantia7 ,,bipunctata4 ,grisea2 thorace spinoso1 frontis cornu porrecto apice emarginato incurvo1 elytris puncto nigro postic flavo4 7,long4 ,corp4 fere #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,cerambyx bipunctatus4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,lamia fronticornis1 ,fabr4 ,sp4 ,ins4 #a4 #baf4 #b4 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 #b4 #bha4 #c4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 #fg4 #gi4 #afc4 t4 #h4 f4 #ed4 ,cerambyx notatus1 ,voet4 ,col4 ,ed4 ,panz4 #c4 #cb4 #df4 t4 #aa4 f4 #df4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,general colour brownish grey4 ,head deep and grey2 one of the sexes having a remarkable thick and strong tubercle issuing from the middle of the face1 terminating in two black acute angles1 like horns4 ,mouth armed with two strong black jaws1 and four grey palpi4 ,antenn grey1 and longer than the insect4 ,thorax grey1 the sides terminating in a thick spine2 having a broad1 white streak crossing it on each side1 and extending along the abdomen1 beyond the middle legs1 narrowing to its extremity4 ,scutellum small and triangular4 ,elytra grey and margined1 having two round black spots on each1 the #fjlargest placed about the middle near the suture2 the other 7a small one7 is on this side joined to the margin4 ,a cream-coloured spot is situated just below the former1 which extends from thence to the lateral margin4 ,legs grey1 without any spines or marks4 ,,lamia 7,,acanthocinus7 ,,spinosa4 ,plate ,,xxxi4 fig4 #c4 ,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,genus4 ,,lamia1 ,fabr4 ,cerambyx ,p4 ,linn4 7,,subgenus3 ,acanthocinus1 ,meg47 ,,lamia 7,,acanthocinus7 ,,spinosa4 ,fusca1 griseo-variegata2 thorace spinis quatuor1 elytrisque seriebus quatuor longitudinalibus spinarum4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #a lin47 ,,syn4 ,cerambyx spinosus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,sch4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #c4 #cha4 7,lamia s47 ,,habitat3 7----8 ,drury74 ,south ,america8 ,head and antenn brown1 the latter about the length of the insect4 ,thorax lighter brown and rough1 terminating on the sides in two very long and sharp spines1 bending upwards2 on the middle are two others that are more obtuse and thick1 with a small bump or rising behind them4 ,scutellum black4 ,elytra brown on the middle and sides1 but at their extremities grey1 terminating in two long spines4 ,a row of small but sharp spines runs on each side the suture1 from the middle almost to the scutellum2 and along the sides runs another row from the anterior corners almost to the extremities4 ,six others are placed on each side the scutellum1 running towards the middle in regular order2 and on the remaining parts of the wing cases are placed a great number of small pustules1 that are to be discerned only by the help of a microscope4 ,legs brown4 ,tibi marked with grey4 ,,lamia ,,punctator4 ,plate ,,xxxi4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,genus4 ,,lamia1 ,fabr4 ,cerambyx ,p4 ,linn4 ,,lamia ,,punctator4 ,atra2 elytris albo punctatis1 antennis longis1 thorace spinoso4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,lamia punctator1 ,fabr4 ,sp4 ,ins4 #a4 #bba4 #cj4 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 #b4 #bih4 #ie4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 #fi4 #hh4 t4 #h4 #ej4 a4 b4 ,cerambyx chinensis1 ,forster ,cent4 ,ins4 #ci4 ,cerambyx farinosus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7nec ,linn4 ,s4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #fbf47 ,,habitat3 ,china4 ,general colour black4 ,head and antenn black1 the latter longer than the insect2 the seven last articulations being black and white4 ,thorax rough and uneven at the top2 the sides terminating in a thick1 strong spine4 ,scutellum small and grey4 ,elytra shining black2 the anterior part being rough with small pustules1 having a number of small white spots sprinkled all over them4 ,abdomen greyish4 ,legs black4 ,tarsi grey1 the under-part being brown4 #fa;,,cerambyx 7,,rosalia7 ,,alpina4 ,plate ,,xxxi4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,cerambycid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,cerambyx1 ,linn4 ,drury4 7,,subgenus3 ,rosalia1 ,serville47 ,,cerambyx 7,,rosalia7 ,,alpina4 ,subcoerulescens1 elytris fasci medi maculisque quatuor atris4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,cerambyx alpinus1 ,linn4 ,fn4 ,su4 #fed4 ,syst4 ,n4 #a4 #b4 p4 #fbh4 #ce4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 #b4 #bgb4 #cj4 ,panzer ,f4 ,i4 ,g4 #b4 #bb4 ,serville ,ann4 ,soc4 ,ent4 de ,france1 #b4 #efa4 7,rosalia a47 ,,habitat3 ,hungary 7,drury74 ,the mountainous districts of ,continental ,europe4 ,general colour beautiful blueish grey1 partaking much of a lead colour4 ,head grey4 ,eyes black4 ,antenn longer than the insect1 grey2 the ends of the first four joints having tufts of black hair surrounding them4 ,thorax grey and cylindrical1 with a small black spot at the top2 the sides having a short spine1 and a little swelling beneath it4 ,scutellum small and triangular4 ,elytra grey and margined1 with three beautiful black spots1 like velvet1 on each2 the middle one being largest1 and crossing the wing cases entirely1 the smaller one being placed near the anus4 ,legs blueish grey1 but at the tips of the femora and tibi black4 ,tarsi ash grey at top1 underneath brown4 ,,plate ,,xxxii4 ,illustration ,,cetonia ,,marginata4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,genus4 ,,cetonia1 ,fabricius4 ,scarabus ,p4 ,drury4 ,,cetonia ,,marginata4 ,glabra1 atra1 thoracis elytrorumque marginibus rufis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #a lin47 ,,syn4 ,scarabus marginatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,ent4 p4 #df4 #ae4 ,syst4 ,el4 ,,ii4 p4 #ade4 #ej4 7,cetonia m47 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #f4 p4 #bf4 t4 #e4 f4 #cd4 ,palisot de ,bauvois ,ins4 d',afr4 d',amer4 #a4 #aa4 p4 #bg4 t4 #e4 f4 #a4 #b var4 ,de ,geer ,ins4 iv4 t4 #ai4 f4 #aj4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,head small1 squarish1 and margined in front and the sides2 shining black4 ,thorax and elytra soot-coloured and velvety1 being surrounded along the sides with an orange border4 ,scutellum triangular1 and rather large4 ,abdomen and breast black4 ,sternum small4 ,abdominal scales small1 but distinct4 ,anterior tibi with three spurs1 the others with two4 ,tarsal joints spined within1 excepting those belonging to the fore legs1 which are unarmed4 ,according to ,mr4 ,smeathman1 this beetle frequently settles on the thatch of houses1 whence he is of opinion1 that it is fond of dried palm leaves1 where it deposits its eggs4 ,afzelius however1 who subsequently studied the ,entomology and ,botany of ,sierra ,leone with great attention1 says1 ,inveni hanc speciem in ,sierra ,leona mensibus ,aprilis et prcipue ,majo copiose in ,cassia rugosa1 mihi1 et in foliis ,ficus oblong1 mihi4 ,eam in ,jatropha ,curcas 7non autem ,gorcas1 ut ait ,fabricius7 nunquam observare licuit4 ,mas abdomine subtus medio sulcato1 femina medio convexo4 7,schonh4 ,syn4 ,ins4 iii4 p4 #abh47 #fb,,melolontha ,,occidentalis4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,melonthid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,genus4 ,,melolontha1 ,fabricius1 c4 ,scarabus ,p4 ,linnus4 ,,melolontha ,,occidentalis4 ,testaceus1 thorace pubescente1 elytris lineis quatuor parallelis1 albis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #a lin47 ,,syn4 ,scarabus occidentalis1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #aa4 p4 #eee4 #fb4 ,herbst4 ,col4 ,,iii4 p4 #gb4 #ai4 t4 #bc4 f4 #h4 ,sch4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #c4 #afi4 #af4 7,melolontha occ47 7,excl4 ,syn4 ,fabricius47 ,de ,jean ,cat4 ,col4 ,ed4 #b4 p4 #aei4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,carolina 7,linn474 ,head red brown1 squarish1 and margined1 covered with short grey hairs4 ,thorax red brown1 covered with short grey hairs1 and with a white streak crossing it in the middle4 ,scutellum small1 white1 and triangular4 ,elytra red brown and margined1 each being marked with three longitudinal white lines2 one placed near the lateral margin1 the other two in the middle4 ,suture white4 ,anus extending beyond the wing cases4 ,abdomen red brown1 with grey rings4 ,legs red brown4 ,the anterior tibi are furnished with three spurs1 one sharp and small1 the others thick and blunt4 ,the other tibi are furnished with two sharp spurs4 ,ungues having an immoveable smaller one between them1 and also two small spines1 like hairs1 springing from its root or base4 ,,goliathus ,,micans4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,genus4 ,,goliathus1 de ,lamarck4 ,cetonia ,p4 ,fabr4 ,scarabus ,p4 ,drury4 ,,goliathus ,,micans4 ,viridis nitens1 clypeo porrecto recurvo bifido1 tibiis anticis intern serratis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,scarabus ,micans1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,ent4 p4 #db4 ,no4 #a4 7,cetonia m47 ,syst4 ,el4 ,,ii4 p4 #acf4 #f4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #f4 t4 #a4 f4 #b4 a4 b4 ,herbst4 ,col4 ,,iii4 p4 #bja4 #c4 t4 #bh4 f4 #c4 ,gurin4 ,icon4 ,r4 ,an4 ,ins4 pl4 #bf4 f4 #e4 ,gory ,percheron ,mon4 ,ceton4 pl4 #be4 f4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,calabar1 on the ,west ,coast of ,africa1 about #e or #f ,north ,lat4 7,drury74 ,senegal 7,gory74 ,head green and nearly square2 the surface irregular and uneven4 ,the corners are pointed1 forming two black obtuse angles4 ,from the front of the head issues a small black and thick protuberance1 like a horn1 that divides into two branches1 each of which terminates in a sharp point4 ,all the remaining parts1 except the tarsi1 are of a fine lively green1 differing in shades according to the manner in which it is held to the light2 and appearing to be so highly polished1 that the colour seems reflected from a part beneath the surface4 ,scutellum large and triangular4 ,sternum small4 ,abdominal scales small and close4 ,the fore legs are very long and slender1 the tibi being dentated4 ,elytra having two small swellings near their extremities1 and furnished at the suture with two short thick spines2 the anus extending beyond them4 ,anterior tarsi having a small tuft of brown hair placed on the last joints1 next the ungues4 #fc;,,hoplia ,,coerulea4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,melolonthid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,genus4 ,,hoplia1 ,illiger4 ,melolontha p4 ,fabricius4 ,scarabus p4 ,drury4 ,,hoplia ,,coerulia4 ,supra coeruleo1 subtus argenteo-squamosa nitens1 clypeo integro4 7,long4 ,corp4 circ4 #e lin47 ,,syn4 ,scarabus coeruleus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,herbst4 ,col4 ,,iii4 p4 #aba4 #gc4 ,scarabus farinosus1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #eee4 ,melolontha farinosa1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 p4 #ch4 #ca4 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 ,,ii4 #agg4 #bi4 ,panzer ,faun4 ,ins4 ,germ4 #bh4 #af4 ,gurin ,icon4 ,r4 ,an4 ,ins4 t4 #be4 7,hoplia far47 ,melolontha squamosa1 ,olivier ,ent4 #a4 #e4 p4 #ff4 #ij4 t4 #b4 f4 #ad4 a4 c4 7nec4 ,fabr47 ,hoplia formosa1 ,latr4 ,gen4 ,cr4 ,ins4 #b4 p4 #aaf4 #b4 ,schon4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #c4 #aeh4 7errore typic4 pro farinosa47 ,,habitat3 ,south of ,europe1 ,france 7,drury74 ,all the upper parts of this insect are of a beautiful brilliant sky blue4 ,the under parts are of a silvery pale green4 ,head somewhat quadrangular1 and margined4 ,thorax and upper parts covered with a short fine down or hair4 ,scutellum triangular4 ,elytra margined1 and at their extremities having two tubercles1 the anus extending beyond them4 ,all the under parts are covered with short hair1 like down1 of a silvery green colour4 ,abdominal scales large and distinct4 ,sternum not produced4 ,tarsi red brown1 the posterior having only a single unguis4 ,taken in the greatest profusion near ,sevres by ,m4 ,a4 ,gory4 ,,cetonia ,,cordata4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,genus4 ,,cetonia1 ,fabricius1 c4 ,scarabus p4 ,linn4 c4 ,,cetonia ,,cordata4 ,testacea1 thorace lineis punctisque duobus1 elytris maculis quatuor transversis nigris4 7,long4 ,corp4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,scarabus cordatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7#aggc74 ,cetonia olivacea1 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,ent4 p4 #dg4 #bf4 ,syst4 ,el4 ,,ii4 p4 #adg4 #ei4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #af4 p4 #cg4 #da4 t4 #h4 f4 #fi4 a4 ,cetonia ,tigris1 ,herbst4 ,col4 ,,iii4 p4 #bdc4 #cj4 t4 #cj4 f4 #h4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,head sooty black1 having a cordate mark of a dark orange brown colour4 ,thorax orange brown1 with two black marks crossing it1 and a black lateral spot4 ,scutellum triangular and orange brown4 ,elytra orange brown1 with four black bars1 of different shapes1 crossing them1 and reaching almost from side to side2 the first being situated next the thorax1 and interrupted by the escutcheon1 the margin and suture being black4 ,anus extending beyond the wing cases4 ,abdomen orange brown1 with small black rings4 ,sternum short and yellow4 ,abdominal scales small and close4 ,legs orange brown4 ,mr4 ,smeathman informed ,mr4 ,drury that this insect1 in its natural state1 is black and yellow1 and not black and orange-brown1 as described above2 its yellow colour soon fading after death1 so that it seldom arrives in ,europe in its natural colours4 #fd,,plate ,,xxxiii4 ,illustration ,,baridius8 ,,ovalis4 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #a4 natural size--#b4 magnified4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid4 ,,subfamily3 ,cholides4 ,,genus4 ,,baridius8 ,schonherr4 ,baris1 ,germar1 ,dejean4 ,curculio p4 ,drury4 ,,baridius8 ,,ovalis4 ,fuscus1 thoracis marginibus1 elytrorumque basi et maculis quatuor lateralibus transversis albidis4 7,long4 ,corp4 lin4 #e47 ,,syn4 ,curculio ovalis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,linn47 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,head small1 round1 and black1 being furnished with a beak as long as the thorax4 ,antenn inserted near the end of the beak1 consisting apparently of nine articulations1 that next the beak being longest4 ,thorax dark brown1 the sides cream-coloured4 ,elytra dark brown1 with three large cream spots on each1 placed lengthways4 ,legs black1 with cream spots and hairs on them4 ,each of the femora is furnished with a single spine4 ,drury has incorrectly given this ,west ,indian insect as identical with the northern ,european species1 ,curculio ovalis of ,linnus4 ,not having seen the insect ,i place it in the genus ,baridius with doubt2 it seems also somewhat allied to ,ameris ,pavo4 ,,calandra ,,serrirostris female8 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid4 ,,subfamily3 ,calandrides4 ,,genus4 ,,calandra1 ,fabr4 ,rhyncophorus1 ,herbst4 ,curculio p4 ,linn4 ,,calandra ,,serrirostris female8 ,obscura rufa2 thorace lineis duabus magnis dorsalibus1 elytris substriatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 rostro incl4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,calandra serrirostris male8 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 #b4 #dbi4 ,oliv4 ,ins4 #hc4 tab4 #ag4 f4 #baa4 ,curculio longipes1 ,drury1 ,append4 vol4 #b4 7nec4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,ent4 #b4 #cie47 ,,habitat3 ,island of ,johanna1 near ,madagascar4 ,general colour dark red brown4 ,head as long as the thorax1 terminating in a slender beak1 three-fourths of an inch long4 ,antenn apparently #h-;jointed1 that next the head being nearly as long as all the rest4 ,thorax marked longitudinally1 with four black stripes or bars4 ,scutellum very narrow and triangular4 ,elytra marked longitudinally with several black narrow stri1 and are shorter than the abdomen4 ,legs very long1 especially the anterior pair4 ,tibi with sharp hook-like spurs1 those of the fore-legs being longer than the rest4 ,the insect described by ,fabricius under the name adopted above is distinguished from that here figured1 by having the ,rostrum porrectum1 rectum1 dorso apice serratum1 dente elevato compresso4 ,its habitat is also distinct1 being from ,java4 ,it may possibly be a male1 and that figured by ,drury a female4 #fe,,prepodes8 ,,cameleon var4 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid1 ,,subfamily3 ,brachyderides4 ,,genus4 ,,prepodes1 ,sch48 ,chlorima1 ,dej4 ,curculio p4 ,drury4 ,,prepodes8 ,,cameleon1 ,,var4 ,obscure aureo-cupreus1 elytris striatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #a lin47 ,,syn4 ,prepodes8 ,cameleon1 ,sch4 ,syn4 ,ins4 ,curc4 #b4 #ah4 #d4 var4 ,greek3 b4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,el4 #b4 #ecb4 #adg4 7,curcul4 c47 ,herbst4 ,col4 vi4 p4 #aae4 ,no4 #gg4 t4 #fg4 f4 #h4 ,curculio rufescens1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,herbst4 ,col4 t4 #fg4 f4 #i4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,general colour dull golden copper4 ,head as long as the thorax1 resembling a beak4 ,scutellum very small4 ,elytra slightly striated1 terminating at their extremities like the end of a boat4 ,tibi slightly hairy4 ,,prepodes8 ,,cameleon var4 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid4 ,,subfamily3 ,brachyderides4 ,,genus4 ,,prepodes1 ,sch48 ,chlorima1 ,dej4 ,curculio p4 ,drury4 ,,prepodes8 ,,cameleon ,,var4 ,capite thoraceque nigris1 hoc subtus aureo-viridi1 elytris nigris sutur punctisque aureo-viridibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #a lin47 ,,syn4 ,prepodes8 ,cameleon1 ,schon4 loc4 cit4 supr4 var4 ,greek3 g ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,el4 #b4 #ecb4 #adg4 7,curcul4 c47 ,herbst4 ,col4 vi4 p4 #aae4 ,no4 #gg4 t4 #fg4 f4 #h4 ,curculio similis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,herbst4 ,col4 t4 #fg4 f4 #aj4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head black1 and long1 resembling a beak4 ,thorax black at top1 but underneath of a fine golden green4 ,scutellum very small4 ,elytra black1 speckled with golden green4 ,suture golden green4 ,abdomen black1 the sides golden green4 ,legs black4 ,thighs plain and smooth4 ,,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,illustration ,,entimus ,,imperialis 7,,the ,,diamond ,,beetle74 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid4 ,,subfamily3 ,entimides4 ,,genus4 ,,entimus1 ,germar4 ,curculio1 ,linn4 ,latr4 c4 ,,entimus ,,imperialis4 ,oblongo ovatus2 niger1 thorace line dorsali viridi-argente impresso2 elytris regulariter sat rude punctato-striatis1 punctis squamulis viridi-aureis repletis1 interstitiis angustis1 subcostatis denudatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,curculio imperialis1 ,forster1 ,cent4 ,ins4 p4 #cd4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,el4 #b p4 #ejh4 #c4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #e4 #hc4 p4 #bic4 t4 #a4 f4 a4 b4 c4 ,schon4 ,syn4 ,ins4 ,curcul4 #a4 #dee4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,brazil4 ,head black1 and covered with minute scales1 of a beautiful golden green colour1 forming two longitudinal black streaks1 and three green ones4 ,from this part proceeds a thick short beak1 streaked with black and green4 ,antenn black4 ,thorax golden green1 with two broad longitudinal black lines on the #fftop1 and a narrow green one between them2 the green colour being thickly beset with small black spots4 ,scutellum very small and green4 ,elytra next the thorax1 almost quadrangular1 narrowing to their extremities1 the ground colour being black and shining1 and ornamented with a great number of small round hollow punctures1 or dents1 of a golden green1 which are smaller on the sides and extremities than the top1 being regularly placed in grooves1 so as to compose not less than eleven stri 7including the suture7 on each elytron4 ,abdomen green1 with silvery rings4 ,legs black1 and covered with green hairs2 the thighs being plain4 ,tarsi brown underneath4 ,,rhina ,,barbirostris female4 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid4 ,,subfamily3 ,rhyncophorides1 ,sch4 ,,genus4 ,,rhina1 ,latreille4 ,curculio1 ,drury4 ,,rhina ,,barbirostris4 ,nigricans2 thorace rotundato tuberculato1 elytris striatis et punctatis2 tibiis anticis subtus #d-;dentatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,curculio barbirostris1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #dah4 #aje4 ,latreille ,gen4 ,crust4 c4 #b4 #bfi4 7,rhina barb47 male4 ,curculio niger1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 female4 ,rhina verrirostris1 ,illiger1 female ,,habitat3 ,the ,island of ,johanna1 near ,madagascar4 ,general colour black4 ,head short and round1 terminating in a small narrow beak1 almost the length of the thorax2 in the middle of which are placed the antenn4 ,eyes entirely surrounding the head1 meeting at top and underneath4 ,thorax round and rough1 being full of small tubercles2 having a posterior margin4 ,scutellum small and triangular4 ,elytra striated1 full of small punctures or holes1 and covering the anus4 ,femora smooth4 ,anterior tibi furnished with four teeth1 the hinder ones with three4 ,tarsi brown beneath4 ,the male has the rostrum more elongated and furnished with long hairs1 somewhat like a bottle brush4 ,it is figured by ,olivier1 ,entomol4 ,vol4 #e4 ,charans1 pl4 #d4 f4 #cg4 a4 b4 ,,brachycerus ,,ornatus4 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid4 ,,subfamily3 ,brachycerides4 ,,genus4 ,,brachycerus1 ,fabr4 ,curculio1 ,linn4 c4 ,,brachycerus ,,ornatus4 ,ovatus1 niger thoracis dorso valde inquali sculpturato1 spin laterali obtus tuberculat1 elytris seriatim tuberculatis1 interjectis maculis subimpressis rotundatis ferrugineo squamosis1 femoribus puncto rufo-squamoso4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,curculio ornatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,brachycerus apterus1 ,herbst4 ,col4 #g4 p4 #ge4 ,no4 #a4 t4 #aja4 f4 #a4 ,brachycerus granosus1 ,schonherr ,syn4 ,ins4 ,curcul4 #a4 p4 #chg4 ,no4 #b48 ,,habitat3 7----8 ,drury74 ,cape of ,good ,hope 7,schonherr74 ,head very short and entirely occupied by the eyes1 which are black and meet underneath4 ,from this part issues a strong thick beak1 black and rough1 with the antenn placed in the middle2 the upper part being full of small holes or punctures4 ,thorax dark red1 with a number of black excrescences on #fgthe middle and sides2 the latter ending in two thick pointed tubercles4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,elytra dark red1 and full of black round tubercles1 some very small1 others larger1 placed longitudinally in stri1 extending so low along the sides1 as nearly to meet underneath4 ,legs black and full of punctures4 ,thighs streaked with red4 ,tarsi brown underneath4 ,,hipporhinus8 ,,muricatus4 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid1 ,,subfamily3 ,entimides8 ,,genus4 ,,hipporhinus1 ,schonherr4 ,curculio p4 ,drury4 ,,hipporhinus8 ,,muricatus4 ,fuscus2 thorace cylindrico nigro-pustulato2 elytris marginatis1 striatis1 interstitiis tuberculis elevatis rotundatis seriatim dispositis2 femoribus ad apicem dente magno obtuso armatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,curculio muricatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,bay of ,honduras1 ,america 7,drury74 ,head small4 ,eyes entirely surrounding the head1 meeting underneath and at top4 ,beak long1 black1 and slender1 the antenn being placed near the extremity4 ,thorax brown1 cylindrical1 and covered with a great number of small black pustules4 ,scutellum triangular4 ,elytra brown1 margined1 and striated or furrowed2 being thick beset with a great number of high1 round pustules1 regularly placed in rows from the thorax to the anus2 some being large1 others very small4 ,femora furnished near the tips with a thick obtuse spine4 ,tibi with a single smaller spur4 ,,sagra ,,femorata4 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,eupoda4 ,,family3 ,criocerid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,sagra1 ,fabricius4 ,tenebrio p4 ,drury4 ,,sagra ,,femorata4 ,viridi-nea1 femoribus tibiisque posticis dentatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,tenebrio femoratus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,mant4 #a4 p4 #ff4 7,alurnus f47 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 #b4 #bf4 #a4 7,sagra f47 ,herbst4 ,col4 #g4 #bff4 t4 #aab4 f4 #f4 ,weber ,obs4 ,ent4 p4 #fj4 #a4 ,tenebrio viridis1 ,sulzer ,gesch4 der ,ins4 t4 #g4 f4 #h4 ,,habitat3 7----8 ,drury74 ,india 7,fabricius74 ,general colour golden1 blueish1 green4 ,head small1 flat1 and square1 with four palpi4 ,antenn black1 the two terminal joints being larger and longer than the rest4 ,thorax about twice the breadth of the head1 and a third part longer1 not cylindrical1 but flattish and smooth4 ,scutellum small and triangular4 ,elytra twice the breadth of the thorax1 smooth and margined4 ,thighs thick and strong1 the hinder ones having a short thick obtuse spine placed near the tips4 ,posterior tibi long1 thin1 and grooved underneath1 thickest next the tips1 where are placed three short and strong spines1 one in the middle1 the others on the sides4 ,tarsi very flat and brown underneath4 #fh,,plate ,,xxxv4 ,illustration ,,lamia 7,,polyrhaphis7 ,,cancriformis4 ,plate ,,xxxv4 fig4 #a4 7or the upper figure74 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,genus4 ,,lamia1 ,fabr4 ,cerambyx1 ,linn4 7,,subgenus3 ,polyrhaphis1 ,serv47 ,,lamia 7,,polyrhaphis7 ,,cancriformis4 ,thorace multidentato2 dorso plano1 elytris pustulatis1 tibiisque anticis unidentatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 fere #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,cerambyx cancriformis1 ,fabr4 ,sp4 ,ins4 #a4 #bji4 #d4 ,syst4 ,ent4 #afe4 #d4 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 #b4 #bhi4 #dj4 7,lamia c47 ,cerambyx pustulatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,general colour grey brown4 ,head furnished with strong mandibles4 ,antenn 7with the basal joint very thick7 much longer than the insect4 ,thorax rough1 gibbous1 and full of small pustules1 two of which form an obtuse spine on the sides4 ,scutellum small and triangular4 ,elytra margined1 and full of small pustules1 having two spines fixed at their extremity1 near the suture4 ,fore-legs long4 ,tibi with a single spur4 ,femora clavate4 ,,lamia 7,,monochamus7 ,,dentator8 ,plate ,,xxxv4 fig4 #b4 7or the left-hand figure74 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,genus4 ,,lamia1 ,fabr4 ,cerambyx1 ,linn4 c4 7,,subgenus3 ,monochamus1 ,meg47 ,,lamia 7,,monochamus7 ,,dentator4 ,thorace spinoso1 fusco cinereoque varia4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #a lin47 ,syn4 ,lamia dentator1 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,el4 #b4 p4 #bid4 #gj4 ,haworth in ,ent4 ,trans4 #a4 t4 #a8 ,cerambyx carolinensis1 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 #fg4 p4 #he4 t4 #ab4 f4 #hh48 ,cerambyx notatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,see ,observation below4 ,head grey brown4 ,antenn grey brown1 and about the length of the insect4 ,palpi four1 and just above the mouth are placed1 on each side the head1 two protuberances4 ,thorax grey brown1 dappled with black2 having on each side a short thick spine4 ,scutellum small and triangular4 ,elytra grey brown1 dappled with small black streaks1 and extending beyond the anus4 ,abdomen1 breast and legs grey brown1 like the rest of the insect4 ,the insect figured by ,drury is stated to have been received from ,norway4 ,no ,longicorn beetle1 corresponding with ,drury's insect has been ascertained to be a native of that country1 or indeed of ,europe4 ,hence1 as this figure very nearly corresponds with the ,american ,lamia dentator of ,fabricius1 ,i am inclined to believe that ,drury's specimen had been imported from ,north ,america1 in the same manner as the specimen described and figured by ,mr4 ,haworth in the ,transactions of the former ,entomological ,society1 and which was taken near ,london4 ,i have1 however1 marked the synonyms with doubt1 this figure having been overlooked by all subsequent authors4 #fi;,,elater ,,auratus4 ,plate ,,xxxv4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,serricornes4 ,,family3 ,elaterid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,elater1 ,linn4 c4 ,,elater ,,auratus4 ,cyaneo aut viridi-nitidus subtus cupreus1 elytris acuminatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,elater auratus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7#aggc74 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 7,gmel47 #a4 iv4 #ai4 #ad4 ,elater fulgens1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #a4 #aa4 p4 #bbj4 #bb4 #ag4 7#agib47 ,syst4 ,eleuth4 ,,ii4 #bbf4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #b4 #ca4 #ab4 t4 #d4 f4 #dc4 ,herbst4 ,col4 ix4 p4 #cdc4 t4 #aeh4 f4 #ab4 ,,habitat3 ,china4 ,head green4 ,antenn black1 and shorter than the thorax2 having at each joint some short hairs4 ,thorax green1 and margined1 appearing as if finely polished2 the hinder corners being pointed1 and forming obtuse angles4 ,scutellum round and shining4 ,elytra likewise green1 shining1 and margined2 their extremities terminating in two sharp points4 ,under side shining green1 except the tarsi1 which are black4 ,this beautiful insect may be regarded as the most brilliant species belonging to the family1 ,elaterid1 the majority of which are of dull and uniform colours1 thus affording a strong contrast to the splendid family of ,buprestid1 to which they are very nearly allied4 ,the family ,elaterid are all1 as ,drury observes1 provided with an instrument which extends along the breast1 about the thickness of the thighs1 to the abdomen1 where the end of it is received into a groove1 forming a spring1 by which the creature1 when laid on its back1 can jump to a considerable height1 from which circumstance it has received the name of ,elater4 ,,lamia 7,,acanthoderes7 ,,araneiformis4 ,plate ,,xxxv4 fig4 #d4 7or the bottom figure74 ,,order3 ,coleoptera4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,genus4 ,,lamia1 ,fabr4 ,cerambyx p4 ,linn4 7,,subgenus3 ,acanthoderes1 ,serv47 ,,lamia 7,,acanthoderes7 ,,araneiformis4 ,thorace spinoso tuberculatoque elytris porosis1 macul marginali fusc1 antennis longis4 7,long4 ,corp4 fere #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,cerambyx araneiformis1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #fbe4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 #fg4 #fd4 t4 #e4 f4 #cd4 ,fabricius ,syst4 ,eleuth4 #b4 #bhh4 #cg4 7,lamia a47 ,sloane ,hist4 ,jamaica1 #b4 #bji4 #ai4 #b4 t4 #bcg4 f4 #bd4 ,serville ,ann4 ,soc4 ,ent4 ,fr4 #ahce4 #cj4 7,acanthoderes a47 ,,habitat3 ,antigua 7,drury74 ,in ,america ,meridionali 7,fabr474 ,head dark brown4 ,antenn longer than the insect2 the sixth joint being furnished with a small tuft of hairs4 ,thorax brown1 very rough and uneven1 occasioned by the many bumps or swellings on it2 two of which1 like thick spines1 are situated on the sides4 ,scutellum small4 ,elytra brown1 and full of small pustules4 ,in the middle are two oblong black streaks1 placed next the suture4 ,legs brown1 femora very thick4 ,tarsi yellow underneath1 and pilose2 those of the fore-legs being very hairy4 #gj,,plate ,,xxxvi4 ,illustration ,,blatta ,,nivea4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,cursoria4 ,,family3 ,blattid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,blatta1 ,linn4 c4 ,,blatta ,,nivea4 ,alba1 capite antennisque flavis thoracis dorso margineque interno elytrorum flavescentibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 lin4 #ab47 ,,syn4 ,blatta ,nivea1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 ,de ,geer ,ins4 #c4 t4 #dd4 f4 #aj4 ,herbst4 ,arch4 t4 #di4 f4 #h4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 p4 #h4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york 7,drury74 ,in ,america insulis 7,fabr474 ,head and antenn yellow4 ,thorax and abdomen pale green4 ,wings and wing-cases of a transparent white2 the latter having a yellow streak on the anterior margin1 which seems to extend along the margin of the thorax4 ,legs1 and the under side of the abdomen1 pale yellowish green4 ,the family ,blattid1 corresponding with the ,linnan genus ,blatta1 may be regarded as containing one of the most obnoxious assemblages of our insect enemies4 ,of this family1 this and the two following figures represent different species4 ,the observations upon the economy of this family1 published by our author in the preface to this work1 present the most complete account of the ravages and obnoxious qualities of this tribe which has hitherto been published4 ,they are as follows3-- ,the cock-roaches are another race of pestiferous beings1 equally noisome and mischievous to natives or strangers1 but particularly to collectors4 ,these nasty and voracious insects fly out in the evenings1 and commit monstrous depredations2 they plunder and erode all kinds of victuals1 drest and undrest1 and damage all sorts of clothing1 especially those which are touched with powder1 pomatum1 and similar substances2 every thing made of leather1 books1 paper1 and various other articles1 which1 if they do not destroy1 at least they soil1 as they frequently deposit a drop of their excrement where they settle1 and some way or other1 by that means damage what they cannot devour4 ,they fly into the flame of candles1 and sometimes into the dishes2 are very fond of ink and of oil1 into which they are apt to fall and perish4 ,in this case they soon turn most offensively putrid1 so that a man might as well sit over the cadaverous body of a large animal1 as write with the ink in which they have died4 ,they often fly into persons' faces or bosoms1 and their legs being armed with sharp spines1 the pricking excites a sudden horror not easily described4 ,in old houses they swarm by myriads1 making every part filthy beyond description wherever they harbour1 which in the day time is in dark corners1 behind all sorts of clothes1 in trunks1 boxes1 and1 in short1 every place where they can lie concealed4 ,in old timber and deal houses1 when the family is retired at night to sleep1 this insect1 among other disagreeable properties1 has the power of making a noise which very much resembles a pretty smart knocking with the knuckle upon the wainscotting4 ,the ,blatta ,gigantea of ,linnus in the ,west ,indies are therefore frequently known by the name of ,drummers4 ,three or four of these noisy creatures will sometimes be impelled to answer one another1 and cause #gasuch a drumming noise1 that none but those who are very good sleepers can rest for them4 ,what is most disagreeable1 those who have not gauze curtains are sometimes attacked by them in their sleep4 ,the sick and dying have their extremities attacked1 and the ends of the toes and fingers of the dead are frequently stripped of both skin and flesh4 ,,blatta 7,,blaberus7 ,,gigantea8 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,cursoria4 ,,family3 ,blattid4 ,,genus4 ,,blatta1 ,linn4 c4 7,,subgenus3 ,blaberus1 ,serville47 ,,blatta 7,,blaberus7 ,,gigantea8 ,livida1 thoracis clypeo macul quadrat fusc1 capite ferrugineo1 elytris vitt fusc longitudinali4 7,long4 ,corp4 cum elytris #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,blatta ,gigantea8 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 p4 #fhg4 #a4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #f4 #a4 ,serville ,revis4 ,orthopt4 p4 #aa4 #a4 ,oliv4 ,encyl4 ,no4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,america1 ,asia 7,fabricius74 ,cayenne 7,serville74 ,head red brown1 and withdrawn under the thorax1 which covers it like a hood4 ,antenn brown1 and shorter than the body4 ,thorax thin like a scale1 and of a dusky livid colour1 the middle being brown1 almost black4 ,wings and wing-cases livid and thin2 the latter having a brown streak1 half an inch long1 running from the shoulders along the middle4 ,abdomen brown1 with two points at the extremity4 ,legs brown1 the shins being full of spines4 ,fabricius1 ,serville1 c4 have referred this figure to the ,linnan ,blatta gigantea1 with the description of which it indeed corresponds2 although1 as ,drury observed1 it is considerably smaller than that species4 ,drury states that this is one of the species which is very frequent in houses in the ,west ,indies1 and is called the ,drummer1 from the noise it makes by beating against the wainscot4 ,,blatta 7,,polyphaga7 ,,gyptiaca8 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,cursoria4 ,,family3 ,blattid4 ,,genus4 ,,blatta1 ,linn4 c4 7,,subgenus3 ,polyphaga1 ,brull47 ,,blatta 7,,polyphaga7 ,,gyptiaca8 ,obscur fusca1 thoracis margine antico elytrorumque margine externo basali albidis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #i lin4 fere47 ,,syn4 ,blatta gyptiaca8 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #fhg4 #b4 ,gronov4 ,zooph4 #fcg4 t4 #ae4 f4 #c4 ,ahrens ,fauna ,ins4 ,eur4 f4 #a4 tab4 #ac4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 p4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,egypt 7,linnus74 ,head and antenn dark brown4 ,thorax dark brown1 and surrounded1 except on the hinder side1 with a cream-coloured margin4 ,wings and wing-cases brown and thin1 the latter having a cream-coloured streak along the anterior margin1 about a quarter of an inch long4 ,abdomen and legs brown4 ,the thighs and tibi being furnished with many spines4 #gb;,i have added a mark of doubt to the specific denomination of this insect on account of the different habitats given by ,drury and ,linnus1 although it agrees with the description of ,blatta gyptiaca given by the latter author4 ,,pentatoma ,,flavicollis4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,hemiptera4 ,,suborder3 ,heteroptera4 ,,section3 ,geocorisa1 ,latr4 ,,family3 ,scutati1 ,burm4 ,pentatomid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,pentatoma1 ,latr4 ,cimex1 ,fabr4 ,burm4 ,,pentatoma ,,flavicollis4 ,thorace spinoso dentatoque1 supra viridis1 capite thoracisque antico scutelloque basi flavis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #aj lin47 ,,syn4 ,cimex flavicollis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cimex albicollis1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #d4 #ih4 #ge4 ,syst4 ,rh4 #afj4 #bf4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head and antenn dusky livid yellow4 ,thorax green1 the fore part being livid1 and the edges serrated2 the sides terminating in two spines4 ,the fore-part of the scutellum is livid1 the hinder part green4 ,wing cases green1 next the body1 the extremities being transparent4 ,abdomen and legs livid1 the under side the same2 fore-legs tinged with green4 ,rostrum slender1 extending to the hinder legs4 ,,raphigaster ,,incarnatus4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,hemiptera4 ,,suborder3 ,heteroptera4 ,,section3 ,geocorisa1 ,latr4 ,,family3 ,scutati1 ,burm4 ,pentatomid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,raphigaster1 ,laporte4 ,cimex1 ,drury4 ,,raphigaster ,,incarnatus4 ,supra sanguineus2 capite scutelli maculis duabus1 elytris unic1 membranque apicali nigris4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,cimex incarnatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cimex nigripes1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #d4 #ajf4 #aja4 ,syst4 ,rh4 #adi4 #ag4 7,edessa n47 ,wolff4 ,cim4 #a4 #aa4 #aa4 t4 #b4 f4 #aa4 ,stoll4 ,cim4 #b4 #b4 f4 #aj4 ,donovan ,ins4 ,india1 pl4 #ad4 fig4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,china4 ,head small1 and dark blue4 ,antenn broken4 ,thorax deep orange1 verged in front with blue4 ,scutellum orange1 with the fore part blue4 ,rather more than half the wing-cases1 next the body1 orange1 with a large blue spot in the middle of each2 the extremities are of a brassy olive1 and striated4 ,abdomen orange1 with a border on its sides of cream1 and blue spots2 the under side of it being cream colour1 with four blue spots on each side4 ,legs dark blue4 ,rostrum small and short1 unless it has been broken off4 #gc;,,arilus ,,serratus4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #f4 ,,order3 ,hemiptera4 ,,suborder3 ,heteroptera4 ,,section3 ,geocorisa4 ,,family3 ,reduviid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,arilus1 ,hahn4 ,burm4 ,prionotus1 ,laporte4 ,reduvius1 ,fabr4 ,,arilus ,,serratus4 ,fuscus1 elytris subferrugineis1 rostro1 antennis tibiisque fulvis1 scutello cristato serrato4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,cimex serratus1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #b4 #gbb4 #fb4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #d4 #bje4 #db4 ,syst4 ,rh4 #bff4 #b4 7,reduvius s47 ,stoll4 ,cim4 #b4 t4 #a4 f4 #f4 ,cimex carinatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,st4 ,vincent 7,drury74 ,america 7,fabr474 ,head very small1 and black4 ,neck long and slender4 ,eyes small4 ,antenn orange-coloured2 as long as the insect4 ,thorax very small and black in front2 the hind part exceeding large1 and of a rusty dark brown1 the middle rising circularly and erect1 with many points like teeth on its edges2 the sides being extended beyond the body1 and appearing like angles with their points cut off4 ,corium of the wing-cases dusky brown1 the membrane of a brassy olive colour4 ,abdomen black4 ,legs orange1 the thighs being black2 from the front of the head issues a slender orange-coloured beak1 which reaches to the fore legs4 ,this large and remarkable species of winged bug is commonly known in the ,west ,indies under the name of the ,wheel-bug1 and is stated by ,messrs4 ,kirby and ,spence to possess the power of communicating an electric shock to the person whose flesh it touches4 ,the late ,major-,general ,davies1 of the ,royal ,artillery1 once informed me1 that when abroad1 having taken up this animal and placed it upon his hand1 it gave him a considerable shock1 as if from an electric jar1 with its legs1 which he felt as high as his shoulders2 and dropping the creature1 he observed six marks upon his hand where the six feet had stood4 7,intr4 to ,ent4 #a4 #aaj47 ,there appear to be several species confounded under the specific name of serratus4 ,the one figured by our author is well distinguished by the colour of its rostrum and tibi1 which are fulvous or orange-coloured4 7,fabricius calls them yellow flavis1 and ,burmeister red rufis47 ,i have received this species from ,valparaiso4 ,another species having brown tibi1 of a narrower form1 rather smaller than the preceding1 and having fewer teeth upon the scutellar crest1 is very abundant in ,pennsylvania4 ,it may be distinguished by the following character3-- ,arilus denticulatus1 ,westw4 fuscus1 tibiis concoloribus1 rostro antennisque obscur rufescentibus crist scutellari circiter #aj-;denticulat4 ,long4 ,corp4 #ac lin4 ,habitat in ,america septentrionali 7,comm4 ,dom4 ,peale74 ,the sting of these insects produced by the short and powerful proboscis is accompanied with very considerable pain4 ,mr4 ,smeathman informed ,mr4 ,drury that he had been stung by the largest wasps of ,africa1 as well as by these bugs1 and thought the pain inflicted by the latter much more severe1 though the effect does not remain so long4 ,the #gdpain is doubtless caused by that pungent volatile fluid which affects our smell so much when we catch those insects1 with which they are abundantly supplied1 and which they emit with considerable force4 ,,plate ,,xxxvii4 ,illustration ,,cicada ,,maculata4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,hemiptera4 ,,suborder3 ,homoptera4 ,,family3 ,cicadid4 ,,genus4 ,,cicada1 ,linn4 ,,cicada ,,maculata4 ,atra1 thorace elytris alisque flavo maculatis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,cicada maculata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,germar in ,silberm4 ,rev4 ,ent4 ,donovan ,ins4 ,china4 ,tettigonia maculata1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #bj4 #ab4 ,syst4 ,rhyng4 #cg4 #ah4 ,,habitat3 ,china4 ,upper ,side4 ,head black4 ,eyes yellow brown1 round1 and projecting from the head a little2 between them are two small orange spots4 ,antenn small and short4 ,thorax black1 with four orange spots in a row1 placed across it1 and behind them two others4 ,abdomen black1 consisting of seven annuli or rings1 besides the tail part1 the last of which is edged with orange4 ,anus orange-coloured1 and furnished with a bristle for oviposition4 ,wings black1 spotted1 and streaked with orange2 the anterior having a row of streaks along the external edges1 and five distinct orange spots crossing the middle1 near the shoulders3 the posterior having a large orange patch on the abdominal edges1 and a small round spot above it1 with five small fainter ones placed along the external edges4 ,under ,side4 ,head black1 terminating in a long slender beak1 which extends between the legs1 to the abdomen2 two small orange spots are placed just below the eyes4 ,thorax with an orange spot on each side4 ,legs and abdomen black2 the latter having six orange spots1 three on each side4 ,wings as on the upper side4 ,the larger species of this family are often mistaken for locusts and grasshoppers1 in consequence of the loud chirping noise which they make1 and which is sometimes so strong that ,mr4 ,smeathman had no doubt that it might be heard a mile4 ,they are occasionally1 he continues1 very numerous in the woods1 where they make the hills and vallies ring1 continuing their noise for hours together2 at other times1 when they are more scarce1 bursting forth only at intervals4 ,this chirp or whistle is in general harsh and dissonant1 though sometimes1 like ,thomson's ,stock ,dove1 their note1 ,discordant heard alone1 aids the full concert4 ,amongst the planters and ,english settlers of the ,west ,indies they are however called the razor-grinders1 their noise being by these persons likened to that made in grinding knives and razors4 ,kalm evidently alludes to these insects in his ,tour of ,north ,america1 where he says in some places they make so much noise1 that unless two persons meeting together can speak louder than the insect can chirp1 they cannot hear each other4 #ge;,,cicada ,,stridula4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,hemiptera4 ,,suborder3 ,homoptera4 ,,family3 ,cicadid4 ,,genus4 ,,cicada1 ,linn4 ,,cicada ,,stridula4 ,villosa prasineo-fusca1 nigro-maculata1 abdomine nigro2 elytris griseis1 maculis ovatis ante marginem posticum #g1 hyalinis2 alis luteis versus apicem nigris1 omnibus margine latiori hyalino4 7,expans4 ,alar4 fere #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,cicada stridula1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #gjf4 #ab4 ,stoll4 ,cicada1 fig4 #ae4 ,germ4 in ,thons4 ,arch4 ,,ii4 #b4 #ab4 #ai4 ,silb4 ,rev4 ,ent4 ,,ii4 #gf4 #ed4 ,cicada capensis1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,n4 #a4 #b4 #gjf4 #ac4 ,cicada ,catenata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,cape of ,good ,hope4 ,head short1 thick1 and of a yellowish brown1 with a black stripe down the middle4 ,eyes round1 and projecting4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,thorax yellow brown4 ,abdomen nearly black4 ,anterior wings yellow brown next the body1 but darker in the middle2 the external edges being transparent2 above which is a row of transparent spots1 placed between the tendons of the wings4 ,posterior wings yellowish1 having a transparent border along the external edges1 and a dark cloud placed at the upper corners4 ,legs yellow brown2 rostrum extending between them1 to the middle of the abdomen4 ,,aphana ,,lanata4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,hemiptera4 ,,suborder3 ,homoptera4 ,,family3 ,fulgorid4 ,,genus4 ,,aphana1 ,burmeister4 ,aphna1 ,gurin4 ,cicada1 ,drury4 ,,aphana ,,lanata4 ,fusca1 capitis cornu tenui1 ano farinoso1 elytris nigris apice rubris undique albo irroratis1 alis fuscis albo lat marginatis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,cicada lanata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,linn47 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,the colours of this insect appear to have been faded4 ,head red brown1 having on the top a small moveable horn1 like a bristle1 which the insect can raise at pleasure4 ,eyes dark4 ,thorax and abdomen dark brown4 ,anus white4 ,the ends of the anterior wings are red brown2 from whence1 to the shoulders1 they appear of a dead black1 spotted with small white spots2 but when the insect was living1 probably the black part was of a fine mazarine blue4 ,the external edges of the posterior wings are transparent2 the abdominal edges white1 and the middle part black1 spotted with white1 like the superior4 ,breast1 beak1 and legs1 red brown4 ,abdomen1 on the under side the same1 being edged with scarlet4 ,this insect has a white substance issuing from the anus resembling the downy part of a feather1 or that which joins the quill4--,add4 vol4 #b4 #gf,,scolia8 ,,mutill,,formis4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,fossores8 ,,family3 ,scoliid8 ,,genus4 ,,scolia8 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,sphex1 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,,scolia8 ,,mutill,,formis4 ,nigra1 capite thoraceque fulvo pilosis1 alarum apicibus fuscis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #g lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphex mutillformis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,senegal4 ,head and thorax red brown1 and hairy4 ,the former furnished with two jaws1 and tongueless4 ,eyes and antenn black1 the latter shorter than the thorax4 ,wings transparent2 the anterior being cloudy at their extremities1 and along the anterior edges4 ,abdomen1 and hinder part of the thorax1 black and hairy4 ,all the legs full of bristles2 the hinder ones having two long spines at the tarsi and tibial joints4 ,one of the sexes is much larger than the other4 ,mr4 ,kirby 7,monographia ,apum ,angli1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #cgg47 has given this figure as a synonym of ,andrena thoracica4 ,this can however scarcely be correct1 for not only does the locality given by ,drury seem sufficiently to indicate a species distinct from our ,english insect1 but the colour of the head is also different4 ,moreover1 it appears to me that the description given by ,drury1 united to the curved antenn which appear to be faithfully represented in the figure1 and especially the character of the legs1 are evidently intended for a fossorial rather than a melliferous ,hymenopterous insect4 ,,lepisma ,,collaris4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,thysanura1 ,leach4 ,aptera1 ,p4 ,linn4 ,,family3 ,lepismid4 ,,genus4 ,,lepisma1 ,linn4 ,,lepisma ,,collaris4 ,obscure plumbea1 fasci collaris apiceque abdominis argenteo-niveis1 caud triplici villos4 7,long4 ,corp4 cum seta interm4 #ab lin47 ,,syn4 ,lepisma collaris1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #fd4 ,no4 #e4 ,lepisma saccharia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7nec ,linn47 ,,habitat3 ,antigua 7,drury74 ,in ,americ meridionalis insulis 7,fabr474 ,head small and hairy1 being concealed beneath the thorax4 ,the upper part shines like silver4 ,mouth of a greyish colour1 and furnished with four palpi1 whereof two are long and the other two short and thick4 ,eyes not to be discerned4 ,antenn about half the length of the insect2 small1 and filiform1 but full of joints4 ,thorax and abdomen dark lead-coloured1 shining like polished metal2 being furnished along their sides with short hairs4 ,the former has a cream-coloured stripe crossing it from side to side2 it is also margined4 ,in some specimens1 the middle part of the abdomen1 from the thorax to the tail1 is of a silvery white2 but in others the last ring only is so4 ,at the extremity of the abdomen are placed three tails1 of equal lengths1 like bristles1 but very hairy4 ,these tails are in length about one-third of the whole insect2 and1 when the creature is alive1 are always carried in the position #ggrepresented in the figure4 ,the middle one seems immoveable1 the others are not4 ,all the under part of the insect appears of a shining1 silvery1 white colour2 and near the extremity of the abdomen are placed four little horny filaments1 two on a side4 ,legs silvery4 ,thighs and tibi broad and thin4 ,,milesia ,,virginiensis4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #f4 ,,order3 ,diptera4 ,,section3 ,athericera4 ,,family3 ,syrphid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,milesia1 ,latreille4 ,musca1 7,drury74 ,,milesia ,,virginiensis4 ,fulva1 thorace #b- abdomine #f-;fasciato1 hujus fasciis #a et #b1 #c et #d1 #e et #f1 line longitudinali connexis4 7,long4 ,corp4 fere #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,musca ,virginiensis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,milesia ornata1 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,antl4 #ahh4 ,wiedemann ,ausseur4 ,zw4 ,ins4 #b4 #ajf4 ,,habitat3 ,virginia4 ,eyes black4 ,front of the head cream-colour4 ,antenn like short hairs4 ,thorax and abdomen yellow1 with black rings4 ,wings transparent4 ,legs yellow1 and furnished with small hooks at their extremities4 ,breast black1 with yellow spots and patches4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,c,,lioxys8 ,,annularis4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #g4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,mellifera4 ,,family3 ,apid4 ,,genus4 ,c,,lioxys8 ,latreille4 ,apis1 ,drury4 ,c,,lioxys8 ,,annularis4 ,atra1 capite marginibusque posticis segmentorum abdominalium cinereis1 antennis atris1 pedibus fuscis4 7,magn4 ,apis mellific47 ,,syn4 ,apis ,annularis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,head ash-coloured4 ,eyes brown4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,tongue very distinct4 ,antenn black1 and the length of the thorax1 which is black likewise4 ,abdomen black1 with ash-coloured rings1 both above and underneath1 terminating in a sharp point4 ,legs brown2 the fore-ones being nearly as long as the hinder4 ,,plate ,,xxxviii4 ,illustration ,,stizus ,,speciosus4 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,fossores4 ,,family3 ,bembecid4 ,,genus4 ,,stizus1 ,latr4 ,jurine4 ,sphex1 ,drury4 ,vespa ,et ,larra p4 ,fabr4 ,,stizus ,,speciosus4 ,ferrugineus1 abdomine atro fasciis tribus interruptis flavis4 7,long4 ,corp4 fere #a unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphex ,speciosus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7#aggc47 ,vespa tricincta1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #bed4 #e4 7#agic47 ,syst4 ,piez4 #bed4 #e4 ,,habitat3 ,north ,america4 ,head greenish brown3 on the top are three little eyes4 ,mouth furnished with jaws4 ,eyes large1 oblong1 and dark brown4 ,antenn shorter than the thorax4 ,it has no tongue4 ,thorax greenish brown4 #gh;,anterior wings extending beyond the abdomen1 being thin and diaphanous4 ,abdomen furnished with a sting1 and entirely black1 except the first three rings1 which are party-coloured1 and mixed with yellow2 the middle one being surrounded with that colour4 ,legs dusky orange1 but when living they were probably of a yellow colour4 ,breast black1 but covered with hairs1 making it appear of a greyish hue4 ,this is the largest and finest species of the genus to which it belongs4 ,drury1 contrary to his usual practice1 is silent as to its habitat1 and ,fabricius states ,america generally4 ,i have received it from ,mr4 ,titian ,r4 ,peale of ,philadelphia4 ,that it is identical with the ,vespa tricincta of ,fabricius ,i am enabled to state by an examination of the individual contained in the ,banksian ,collection1 now belonging to the ,linnan ,society of ,london1 which was described by ,fabricius4 ,,tremex ,,columba4 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,terebrantia4 ,,family3 ,siricid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,tremex1 ,jurine4 ,sirex1 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,,tremex ,,columba4 ,fusca1 abdomine nigro lateribus flavo-marginatis alis1 nigris4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,sirex ,columba1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #b4 #ibi4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #aje4 #c4 ,syst4 ,piez4 #di4 #c4 ,sirex cinctus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,sirex pensylvanicus1 ,de ,geer ,mem4 #c4 pl4 #cj4 f4 #ac4 ,,habitat3 ,north ,america1 ,new ,york4 ,head and thorax brown orange1 the former furnished with two jaws4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,antenn #af-;jointed1 of the length of the thorax1 which does not appear separated from the abdomen4 ,eyes narrow and oblong4 ,abdomen black1 and fringed with yellow2 being as broad and thick at the extremity as the middle4 ,wings dark brown 7almost black7 and narrow1 but not folded4 ,from the upper part of the abdomen1 near the middle1 issues a tube which covers1 like a groove1 a rough serrated bristle1 being the instrument through which the creature ejects its eggs4 ,legs brown orange1 having a strong tibial spur on each leg4 ,,formica ,,rubripes4 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,heterogyna4 ,,family3 ,formicid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,formica1 ,auct4 ,,formica ,,rubripes4 ,brunnea1 capite nigro pedibusque brunneo-rubris4 7,long4 ,corp4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,formica rubripes1 ,latr4 ,hist4 ,nat4 ,fourn4 p4 #aab4 ,formica barbara1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7nec ,linn47 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,antenn small1 filiform1 and about the length of the thorax4 ,head very large1 flattish1 but rounded at top1 and of a dirty black4 ,eyes small1 round1 and placed at the back part of the head4 #gi,thorax small and brown4 ,abdomen the same colour1 and smaller than the head1 with a small erected scale placed between it and the thorax4 ,legs red brown1 having a long tibial spur in the four hinder legs4 ,drury referred this species to the ,formica barbara of ,linnus1 which is not only distinct in the colour of the head1 which is red1 but also in having two knots at the base of the abdomen1 whence it belongs to the genus ,myrmica4 ,the reader will find some interesting general details relative to the habits of the exotic species of the family to which this insect belongs1 in the following observations which were published in the preface to the third volume1 in the former edition of this work4 ,the various species of ants1 cock-roaches1 and other voracious vermin1 are so numerous as to be one of the greatest plagues the collector abroad has to encounter1 insomuch that it is barely possible to preserve dried insects1 and other animals1 with the utmost care and the closest boxes1 much less living ones1 which require light and air3 for as soon as caterpillars are brought out of the woods1 and placed within doors1 with an intention of breeding them1 they seem to be1 as in fact they are1 out of the order of nature1 and quickly fall victims to the rapacity of those agents whose province it is to remove animal or vegetable bodies1 which having arisen to maturity1 or lost the principles of life1 are on their progress toward a slow dissolution1 a state of useless inanimation or noxious putrescence4 ,indeed among these none are more useful in this point of view than the ants2 but1 considered as noxious vermin1 and capable of destroying animals1 or1 in many instances1 of preventing and frustrating human industry1 we know perhaps of none more formidable4 ,these insects1 whether considered as the efficient servants of nature1 keeping clean and wholesome the face of the creation1 or as the ministers of ,almighty ,power preserving a due equality between animals and vegetables1 perform1 without exemption or reserve1 his high behests4 ,like the angel of heaven1 they walk steadily forward in the line ordained them1 and spare neither magnitude nor beauty1 neither the living nor the dead1 but sweep away all kinds of animal substances with undeviating rigour and rapacious perseverance4 ,sometimes they proceed1 like those ,i have mentioned in the preface to my first volume1 driving all the inhabitants out of a town in a few hours1 to a scene of which ,mr4 ,smeathman was an eye-witness2 and in other instances1 as within the last twenty years1 in some of the ,caribbee ,islands1 like a slow but irresistible fire1 they gradually1 in two or three years1 take possession of the land1 and carry death and destruction to every kind of animals2 so that not only pigeons and fowls1 lambs and kids1 but even calves and foals1 which have been brought forth in the night1 have been destroyed before the rising of the sun2 and the inhabitants themselves1 though they placed the posts of their beds in troughs of water1 were driven out of them by these inevitable disturbers4 ,this slow but enormous increase of ants in some of the sugar islands was unknown before the conclusion of the last peace2 since which time they seem1 in conjunction with some other insects1 to have taken possession of many valuable sugar estates1 and1 by sucking the canes1 have rendered #hjthem incapable of yielding any of that rich juice from whence this vegetable salt is extracted4 ,in consequence of this mischievous quality1 estates which1 by their usual produce1 have cleared to the proprietors eight or ten thousand pounds a year1 when overrun by these vermin1 have not been able to pay the expense of cultivation1 except the produce has been changed by planting cotton or indigo1 which have been found to suffer much less from their depredations2 but1 unhappily1 most of the planters were ruined before they could submit to give up the cultivation of sugar1 which is by much the most profitable4 ,it is not to be supposed1 that hot countries are at all times infested to this degree4 ,they never are1 however1 without an astonishing number of these insects1 which no art1 labour1 or expense1 can totally exclude from the dwellings of the inhabitants4 ,the number of different species is not yet known1 and is so great1 added to the minuteness of most of them1 that it probably never will be discovered with any degree of certainty4 ,there are not less than fifteen or twenty species1 which find their way into the houses4 ,these are not only to be distinguished by their size1 figure1 and colour1 but by their different properties4 ,some are near an inch long1 from which1 to that of being scarce visible to the naked eye1 are various sizes4 ,some are long and slender1 others short and thick2 some are elegantly shaped and highly polished2 while others are1 according to vulgar apprehensions1 deformed1 armed with spines1 and covered with bristly or coarse and rough skins4 ,some species also are black as the deepest jet2 others of the deepest brown1 or of different shades till they approach to yellow2 and not a few are variegated1 having some of the prismatic colours in full glow4 ,they vary as much in their nature and dispositions3 some destroy fresh collected plants2 and1 in spite of weights laid upon the books in which they are placed to dry1 get in1 cut the leaves and flowers in pieces1 and carry them away4 ,others1 of different species1 attack all sorts of victuals1 particularly sweet things1 such as sugar and fruits4 ,mr4 ,smeathman has had large sugar-dishes emptied by these insects in one night1 when the least opening has been left2 and it is not easy to make any tin canister1 or other vessel1 close enough to exclude these insidious plunderers2 so that the loss sustained in this article is often very great4 ,some of them will assail the side-boards1 and cover every wine-glass that has had wine or punch left in it2 nay1 innumerable multitudes will even attack the liquors on your table1 and1 if you are not attentive1 drown themselves in the very bowls and bottles before you4 ,some stragglers frequently disturb you by creeping over your skin1 and interrupt your sleep or your meditations by biting1 which1 however1 give pain but for a moment2 while others1 though of the smallest size1 with a sort of malignant vengeance1 creep under your clothes1 and1 by means of stings invisible to the unassisted eye1 inject a most acrid venom1 which causes a pain as sharp as a small spark of fire1 lasting for some hours1 and even a day or two after being stung1 the pain of which is much increased by irritating the part4 ,some of the larger sorts also cause by their stings a pain which1 for some moments1 is scarcely less than that of a bee of the same size2 but it #ha;ceases in a few minutes1 without leaving any inflammation behind4 ,the different manners of this large and sagacious tribe of insects are1 according to my friend's account1 exceedingly various and amusing1 but much too long for this occasion2 neither would it be proper for me to enter farther into an account of them1 as that gentleman purposes to treat minutely on their various histories in his ,voyages and ,travels3 a book which1 he informs me1 is in some forwardness1 and will doubtless afford great entertainment and information to the curious part of mankind4 ,,raphigaster ,,validus4 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,hemiptera4 ,,suborder3 ,heteroptera4 ,,section3 ,geocorisa1 ,latr4 ,,family3 ,scutati1 ,burm4 ,pentatomid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,raphigaster1 ,laporte4 ,,raphigaster ,,validus4 ,pallidus1 capite1 pustulis duabus pronoti et dentibus lateralibus obtusis1 scutello 7apice excepto7 elytrisque chalybeis1 abdominis lateribus nigro maculatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,cimex variegatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cimex validus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #a4 7pl4 #de4 fig4 #f4 eadem74 ,klug4 ,burm4 vol4 #b4 p4 #cfe4 ,edessa ,tarandus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #d4 #ic4 ,syst4 ,rhyng4 #adg4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head dark mazarine blue1 and small4 ,eyes and antenn black4 ,thorax cream-coloured1 with two large blue spots upon it2 each of its sides being armed with a strong blue spine4 ,scutellum triangular1 and dark blue1 the extremity cream-coloured4 ,abdomen red1 with black streaks crossing its margin4 ,hemelytra blue half way1 the other half opake and brown4 ,wings membranaceous and brown4 ,rostrum black4 ,under side of the insect red 7except the extremities of the legs1 which are black71 having four triangular black spots running down the middle1 and some others placed on the sides4 ,this fine insect was noticed in the synoptical appendix to the second volume1 under the name of ,cimex variegatus1 the same name having been also inadvertently applied to the insect figured in ,vol4 ,i4 ,pl4 #de4 ,another figure of the same insect1 but with the wings closed1 is given in the third volume1 ,pl4 #de4 ,fig4 #f4 in the synoptical appendix of which volume it is noticed1 under the name of ,cimex validus4 ,it is therefore probable that our author was not aware of the specific identity of the two figures4 ,to avoid the inconvenience arising from having two species bearing the same name1 ,cimex variegatus1 ,i have adopted the name proposed in the third volume4 ,,tettigonia ,,sanguinea4 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 fig4 #e4 ,natural ,size4--#f4 ,magnified4 ,,order3 ,hemiptera4 ,,suborder3 ,homoptera4 ,,family3 ,cercopid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,tettigonia1 ,latr4 ,germ4 7nec ,fabr47 ,cicada1 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,,tettigonia ,,sanguinea4 ,capite thoraceque luteo-fuscis1 elytris sanguineis apice stramineis1 alis fuscentibus4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,cicada sanguinea1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 #hb;,head yellowish brown4 ,antenn small1 and thread-like2 being shorter than the thorax4 ,rostrum extending along the breast to the abdomen1 exceedingly small like a hair4 ,thorax yellowish brown4 ,abdomen black4 ,hemelytra red1 the tips being yellow4 ,wings blackish brown4 ,under side of the insect ash-coloured4 ,,formica ,,bihamata4 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 fig4 #g4 ,natural ,size4--#h4 ,magnified4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,heterogyna1 ,latr4 ,,family3 ,formicid1 ,leach4 ,,genus3 ,,formica1 ,linn4 ,,formica ,,bihamata4 ,nigra1 thorace ferrugineo antice quadrispinoso1 squam altissim spinis duabus arcuatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,formica bihamata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #cfa4 #di4 ,syst4 ,piez4 #daa4 #ff4 ,latreille ,hist4 ,nat4 ,fourm4 #abg4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 ,ins4 #f4 #dii4 ,,habitat3 ,island of ,johanna1 near ,madagascar4 ,antenn longer than the thorax1 the first joint almost equal to the remainder4 ,eyes small1 and placed very backward4 ,head black and small1 armed with very strong and sharp jaws4 ,thorax brown1 having on the fore part two spines1 one on each side bending outwardly2 on the top are likewise two more1 bending towards the abdomen4 ,the peduncular scale is very large and erect1 standing very high1 and branching at top into two hooks1 which bend in opposite directions4 ,abdomen round1 and larger than the head2 the fore part being brown1 the hinder black4 ,legs black1 the hinder ones being longest4 ,,plate ,,xxxix4 ,illustration ,,vespa ,,orientalis4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,diploptera4 ,,family3 ,vespid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,vespa1 ,linn4 c4 ,,vespa ,,orientalis4 ,ferruginea1 abdomine fasci flav ante apicem utrinque bipunctat4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,vespa orientalis1 ,linn4 ,mant4 #edj4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,piez4 #bed4 #d4 ,vespa turcica1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #c4 ,,habitat3 ,smyrna 7,drury74 ,in ,oriente 7,linn474 ,front of the head yellow4 ,eyes brown4 ,antenn the length of the thorax4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,jaws black4 ,tongue not to be discovered4 ,thorax and abdomen brown chesnut2 the third and fourth rings of the latter yellow4 ,wings thin1 but not transparent4 ,legs brown2 the anterior with a single and the four posterior with two tibial spurs4 ,drury observes of this and the next insect1 that they make nests like the mason-fly described in ,vol4 ,i4 ,pl4 #dd4 ,fig4 #f4 ,the correctness of this statement may however be questioned as regards both of the insects in question1 which1 from their evident relationship to the common ,english hornet 7,vespa ,crabro ,linn47 must surely possess similar habits to those of that insect4 #hc,,scolia #d-,,maculata4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,fossores4 ,,family3 ,scoliid4 ,,genus4 ,,scolia1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,sphex1 ,linn4 ,vespa1 ,drury4 ,,scolia #d-,,maculata4 ,hirta1 nigra1 fusco-pubescens1 abdomine nigro maculis quatuor fulvis1 alis obscuris4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,scolia #d-maculata1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #bbi4 #d4 ,syst4 ,piez4 #bdj4 #e4 ,vespa maculata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,north ,america 7,fabr474 ,head brown4 ,antenn the length of the thorax1 which is also brown4 ,wings nearly transparent4 ,abdomen black1 with four yellow spots placed on the upper side4 ,legs brown4 ,i have employed the ,fabrician specific name in preference to that precedently employed by ,drury1 as being more appropriate1 there being other species of the genus named #f-maculata and #b-maculata4 ,,bombylius ,,plumipes4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,diptera4 ,,section3 ,tanystoma4 ,,family3 ,bombyliid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,bombylius1 ,linn4 c4 ,,bombylius ,,plumipes4 ,flavido hirtus1 alarum basi costque brunneis1 tarsis posticis basi lobatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #e lin47 ,,syn4 ,bombylius plumipes1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,wiedemann ,auss4 ,zw4 ,ins4 #a4 #cea4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head brown2 and from the mouth extends a very slender proboscis1 through which the insect obtains its food2 being almost as long as the whole body4 ,antenn short1 and like hairs4 ,wings transparent1 but along the anterior edges brown4 ,legs long1 the hinder ones furnished at the base of the tarsi with two remarkable flaps4 ,,pepsis ,,coeruleana4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,fossores4 ,,family3 ,pompilid4 ,,genus4 ,,pepsis1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,sphex1 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,,pepsis ,,coeruleana4 ,nigra1 alis coerulescenti-nitidis1 pedibus aurantiis4 7,long4 ,corp4 lin4 #ab47 ,,syn4 ,sphex coeruleana1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,bight of ,benin1 ,coast of ,africa4 ,head1 antenn1 and eyes black4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,it is tongueless1 with four palpi4 ,jaws strong4 ,wings fine deep mazarine blue1 not folded1 but lying flat4 ,thorax and abdomen black4 ,legs orange-coloured2 the fore ones being furnished with a single tibial spur1 the rest having two that are rather long4 #hd,this insect1 according to ,mr4 ,smeathman1 makes a clicking noise when it flies1 like a rocket1 which may be heard at twenty yards distance4 ,it is a very strong and rapacious insect1 and is often seen flying from bush to bush with a grasshopper in its claws at least twice its own size1 and which is evidently destined to be deposited in its nest1 and to become the food of the future progeny of the ,pepsis4 ,there is a species like this found in the ,west ,indies1 with orange antenn and black legs2 also another that is entirely black4--,drury4 ,,mantis 7,,thespis7 ,,parva4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,cursoria4 ,,family3 ,mantid4 ,,genus4 ,,mantis1 ,linn4 ,,subgenus3 ,thespis1 ,serville4 ,,mantis 7,,thespis7 ,,parva4 ,pallid olivaceo-fusca1 prothorace longo cylindrico1 pedibus gracilibus simplicibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #d lin47 ,,syn4 ,mantis parva1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,encycl4 ,no4 #dh4 ,serville ,revis4 ,orthopt4 p4 #bh4 7,thespis p47 ,mantis minuta1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #bd48 ,,habitat3 ,america4 ,when this insect was living it was probably of a light green colour2 but it is now entirely of a dusky olive4 ,head small4 ,eyes round1 and placed at a distance from each other4 ,antenn small1 and thread-like1 and about half the length of the insect4 ,thorax long and slender4 ,tegmina thin1 narrow1 and diaphanous1 of the same length with the wings2 but narrower1 and placed at a little distance from them4 ,wings also thin and diaphanous1 and when closed extending to the anus4 ,abdomen slender and rounded4 ,legs small and long1 the hinder ones being formed rather for running than jumping2 the fore ones having thread-like tarsi4 ,,pepsis ,,rubra4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #f4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,fossores4 ,,family3 ,pompilid4 ,,genus4 ,,pepsis1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,sphex1 ,linn4 ,drury4 ,,pepsis ,,rubra4 ,corpore pedibusque nigro cyaneis1 antennis nigris1 alis rufis apice albis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sphex rubra1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,pepsis ,speciosa1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #bag4 #hc4 ,syst4 ,piez4 #bae4 #de4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',amer4 ,hym4 ,pl4 #b4 f4 #e4 ,,habitat3 ,antigua 7,drury74 ,saint ,domingo 7,pal4 ,beauv474 ,head and antenn black2 it has four palpi1 no tongue1 but strong jaws4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,thorax1 abdomen1 and all the legs deep mazarine blue1 nearly black4 ,wings red2 the tips being transparent4 ,legs furnished with spines at the tips of the tibi2 the fore ones having only one1 all the rest two4 ,fabricius 7,syst4 ,piez4 #bad4 #cc47 refers this figure to the ,sphex coerulea of ,linnus1 which differs in having the wings ferruginous but black at the base 7basi nigr1 ,linn47 and #hewhite at the tips1 and in the antenn1 being ferruginous at the tips4 ,it is to be observed that ,linnus has described two species under the name of ,sphex coerulea1 the first belonging to the genus ,pelopus1 and being the ,sphex cyanea of ,fabricius2 and the second1 above noticed1 and being the auripennis of ,de ,geer1 which latter name1 in order to prevent all confusion arising from the employment of the name of coerulea1 it would be desirable to adopt4 ,,pelop,,us ,,petiolatus4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #g4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,fossores4 ,,family3 ,sphegid4 ,,genus4 ,,pelop,,us1 ,latr4 ,fabr4 ,sphex1 ,drury4 ,,pelop,,us ,,petiolatus4 ,fuscus1 thorace abdomineque nitidis brunneis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sphex petiolatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head and antenn brown4 ,thorax and abdomen shining dark brown1 and separated by a rather long peduncle4 ,wings brown and thin4 ,legs also brown2 the fore ones having a single tibial spur1 the rest having two4 ,,sphex ,,pensylvanica4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #h4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,fossores4 ,,family3 ,sphegid4 ,,genus4 ,,sphex1 ,linn4 ,latr4 c4 ,pepsis1 ,fabr4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,,sphex ,,pensylvanica4 ,nigra1 abdomine petiolato atro1 alis subviolaceis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,sphex ,pensylvanica1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #ida4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,piez4 #baa4 #ae4 7,pepsis v47 ,paul4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',amer4 ,hym4 pl4 #c fig4 #d4 ,sphex coerulea1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7nec ,linn4 ,syst4 ,n47 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,head and antenn black4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,mouth furnished with jaws1 but no tongue to be discerned4 ,thorax and abdomen dark mazarine blue1 almost black2 the former is hairy1 and separated from the latter by a slender peduncle4 ,wings brown and thin4 ,legs dark blue2 the fore ones with a single tibial spur1 all the rest having two4 ,,plate ,,xl4 ,illustration ,,truxalis ,,brasiliensis4 ,plate ,,xl4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,locustid4 ,,genus4 ,,truxalis1 ,fabr4 ,gryllus ,p4 ,drury4 ,,truxalis ,,brasiliensis4 ,elytris pallide fulvescentibus1 vitt longitudinali medi virescenti1 nigro irregulariter marginat1 alis hyalinis dimidio anali roseo4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus brasiliensis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,rio ,janeiro1 ,brazil4 #hf;,head long1 conical2 the mouth seeming placed in the breast4 ,eyes oblong1 situated at the upper part near the extremity of the head2 there is also an ocellus placed between them on the under side1 which is observable in all those whose heads are shaped like this4 ,antenn as long as the head1 and shaped like a three-edged sword4 ,thorax striped with green1 brown1 and white4 ,abdomen light brown1 and streaked with black at top1 but on the sides white4 ,tegmina light sand-coloured2 having in the middle a narrow longitudinal line1 indented with green and black4 ,wings transparent1 and prettily dappled2 being of a beautiful red colour next the body1 which becomes fainter as it approaches the disk of the wings4 ,hind legs long1 and formed for leaping2 the others are short4 ,tibi furnished with sharp spines4 ,fabricius refers this figure to the ,truxalis nasutus ,linn4 which is found in ,africa1 and ,mr4 ,smeathman also informed ,mr4 ,drury that the species here figured is found in ,africa1 in the savannahs1 and that its flight is very rapid4 ,i have considered them on the contrary as specifically distinct4 ,,phloea ,,corticata4 ,plate ,,xl4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,hemiptera4 ,,suborder3 ,heteroptera4 ,,section3 ,geocorisa4 ,,family3 ,longilabres1 ,latr4 ,scutati1 ,burm4 ,,genus4 ,,phloea1 ,st4 ,farg4 ,serv41 ,lap4 ,cimex1 ,drury4 ,phloeocoris1 ,burmeister4 ,,phloea ,,corticata4 ,supra grisea1 tuberculis multis rufo-fuscis subnitidis adspersa1 subtus nigra appendiculis marginalibus griseis1 laciniis capitis convergentibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #aa lin47 ,,syn4 ,cimex corticatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,laporte ,hemipt4 p4 #ef4 7,phloea c47 ,burmeister ,rh4 #b4 #cga4 #a4 7,phloeocoris c47 ,gurin ,icon4 ,r4 ,an4 ,ins4 #ee4 f4 #e4 ,phloea cassidoides1 ,st4 ,f4 ,serv4 ,enc4 ,mth4 #aj4 p4 #aaa4 ,aradus laminatus1 ,kirby ,spence ,introd4 to ,ent4 #c4 #fag4 #gah4 ,,habitat3 ,brazil4 ,body exceedingly thin and flat in proportion to its breadth4 ,head triangular4 ,antenn about one-fourth the length of the insect2 the extremities being a little thicker than the other parts4 ,eyes small and round4 ,rostrum extending to the middle of the abdomen4 ,all the parts exhibited in the plate are of a sandy olive colour1 and serve as a shield or covering to the thorax1 abdomen1 legs1 c4 which are hid beneath it4 ,scutellum large and triangular4 ,hemelytra entirely opaque and small1 not covering the abdomen by a considerable space4 ,wings membranous4 ,legs smooth and dappled4 ,,scolia ,,flavifrons8 ,plate ,,xl4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,fossores4 ,,family3 ,scoliid4 ,,genus4 ,,scolia1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 c4 ,,scolia ,,flavifrons8 ,atra1 fronte flav1 abdomine maculis quatuor flavis4 7,long4 ,corp4 fere #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,scolia flavifrons1 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,piez4 #bbi4 ,no4 #e4 ,sphex maculata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,coast of the ,morea4 #hg;,head brown orange-coloured4 ,eyes oblong and dark brown4 ,antenn thickest towards their extremities4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,mouth black1 furnished with two jaws1 but having neither tongue nor palpi4 ,thorax black1 with a brown orange spot on the top1 and two others next the head4 ,abdomen black and hairy2 the second and third segments having two orange spots on them2 the fourth1 fifth1 and sixth being ringed with orange4 ,under side black1 with some orange hairs near the anus4 ,wings plain and flat1 not folded1 of a yellowish colour1 and almost diaphanous4 ,legs black and hairy4 ,tarsi and articulations furnished with strong hairs and spines1 which entirely surround them4 ,,pelecinus ,,politurator4 ,plate ,,xl4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,pupivora4 ,,family3 ,evaniid8 ,,genus4 ,,pelecinus1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,ichneumon1 ,drury4 ,,pelecinus ,,politurator4 ,niger1 antennis annulo medio albo1 tibiis posticis sericeo-dilatatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,ichneumon ,polyturator 7errore pro politurator71 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,pelecinus ,polycerator1 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,piez4 #aaa4 #a4 ,say ,american ,entomology1 vol4 #a4 pl4 ,,xv4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,not uncommon in various parts of the ,united ,states 7,say74 ,india 7,fabricius1 incorrectly74 ,head small and black4 ,eyes oblong and dark brown4 ,antenn black and filiform1 having two yellow spots on them near their extremities4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,mouth with two jaws1 but no tongue1 and furnished with four palpi1 two of which are long1 slender1 and filiform2 the others are very short4 ,thorax black like pitch1 and shining1 as if finely polished2 as is every part of the insect4 ,abdomen exceeding long and black1 consisting of six articulations2 the last being very short and pointed4 ,legs small and black2 the hinder tibi being remarkably thick and strong in proportion to the other parts4 ,the late lamented ,mr4 ,say1 who may justly be regarded as the ,linnus of ,america1 says of this truly singular insect1 that its flight is slow and awkward1 and when taken it endeavours to force the point of the abdomen through the skin of the hand1 but its strength is not adequate to the task4 ,the whole abdomen resembles a much elongated pedicle1 from which the abdomen itself1 or dilated portion1 has been accidentally removed4 ,,plate ,,xli4 ,illustration ,,locusta ,,obscura4 ,plate ,,xli4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,family3 ,locustid4 ,,genus4 ,,locusta4 ,gryllus 7,locusta7 ,linn4 ,gryllus1 ,fabr4 ,,subgenus3 ,locusta proper4 ,oedipoda1 ,serv4 ,,locusta ,,obscura4 ,thorace lvi2 elytris fuscis2 alis disco rubro1 fasci nigr1 apice hyalin4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus obscurus1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #gja4 #ej4 ,de ,geer ,ins4 #c4 #dib4 #h4 t4 #da4 f4 #d4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #eh4 #dg4 ,,habitat3 ,cape ,coast1 ,africa4 #hh;,antenn brown and filiform1 the length of the thorax4 ,head clay-coloured1 rounded4 ,thorax smooth1 brown1 and angulated4 ,tegmina clay-coloured4 ,wings next the body red1 and surrounded with a broad black bar running up to the anterior edge1 the tips being transparent4 ,legs clay-coloured4 ,hinder femora broad1 and prettily chequered on the outside1 the inside being black4 ,posterior tibi red and spined4 ,,gryllus 7,,phyllopterus7 ,,myrtifolius4 ,plate ,,xli4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,gryllid 7,locustaires1 ,latr4 c47 ,,genus4 ,,gryllus4 ,sect4 ,gryllus 7,tettigonia71 ,linn4 ,locusta1 ,latr4 ,,subgenus4 ,phylloptera1 ,serv4 ,,gryllus 7,,phyllopterus7 ,,myrtifolius4 ,thorace subtetragono1 lvi2 alis deflexis elytris longioribus1 oviductu brevissimo recurvo4 7,expans4 tegm4 #a unc4 #f lin4 ,alar4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus ,myrtifolius1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #fif4 #ah4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 p4 #cd4 ,de ,geer ,mem4 vol4 #b4 pl4 #da4 f4 #b4 ,stoll4 ,sauter4 pl4 a4 #e4 fig4 #af4 ,serville ,revis4 ,orth4 p4 #de4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york 7,drury74 ,america 7,fabr4 c474 ,antenn small and filiform4 ,head dusky yellow4 ,thorax and abdomen brown1 but when the insect was living were probably green2 the former has a yellow stripe on each side4 ,tegmina green1 and narrowing towards the tips4 ,wings thin1 transparent1 and of a greenish hue4 ,legs green2 the hinder ones being very long1 with the tibi spined4 ,,locusta 7,,rutidoderes7 ,,centurio4 ,plate ,,xli4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,gryllid 7,locustaires1 ,latr4 c47 ,,genus4 ,,locusta4 ,gryllus 7,locusta71 ,linn4 ,acrydium1 ,latr4 ,,subgenus3 ,rutidoderes1 ,westw4 ,,locusta 7,,rutidoderes7 ,,centurio4 ,pallid olivaceo-fulvescens1 elytris nigro numeros punctatis1 alis sanguineis margine nigro et interno nigro tesselatis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus ,centurio1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,the ,bay of ,honduras1 ,america4 ,head dusky olive brown4 ,antenn yellow1 the tips black4 ,eyes red brown4 ,thorax olive brown1 having a sharp indented ridge on the top1 and one on each side2 that on the top being black4 ,abdomen dark brown4 ,tegmina pale olive1 spotted all over with darker spots of various shapes4 ,wings scarlet2 the edges1 except the abdominal1 black2 which1 at the tips1 and along the external edges1 forms a kind of lattice work1 breaking in upon the black division4 ,legs yellowish brown1 the hinder tibi being spinose2 tarsi with a cup-like pulvillus between the claws4 ,gryllus reticulatus 7,fabr4 sp4 ,ins4 #a4 p4 #cfb4 ,no4 #g47 figured by ,donovan in his ,insects of ,india1 ,pl4 #ab4 ,fig4 #a41 and said to be from ,bengal1 is very closely allied to1 if indeed it be not identical with1 the species here figured4 #hi,,locusta 7,,phymatea7 ,,punctata4 ,plate ,,xli4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,gryllid 7,locustaires1 ,latr4 c47 ,,genus4 ,,locusta4 ,gryllus 7,locusta71 ,linn4 ,acrydium1 ,latr4 ,,subgenus3 ,phymateus1 ,thunberg4 ,,locusta 7,,phymatea7 ,,punctata4 ,thorace verrucoso atro1 elytris atris flavo punctatis1 alis atris1 abdomine rufo annulato4 7,long4 ,corp4 cum alis claus4 #b unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus punctatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #ea4 #ai4 ,thunberg ,mem4 ,acad4 ,imp4 ,st4 ,petersb4 p4 #beh4 ,stoll4 ,sauter4 pl4 #g4 b4 f4 #bd4 ,a4 ,donovan ,ins4 ,india1 pl4 #ab4 fig4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,east ,india4 ,antenn black1 and longer than the thorax4 ,eyes small1 round1 and red brown4 ,head black at top1 the middle being yellow2 the lower part1 with the mouth1 black4 ,thorax rough and margined1 full of spines and tubercles1 both at top and on the sides2 the former being black1 the latter yellow4 ,breast black4 ,abdomen the same1 ringed with red4 ,tegmina black1 prettily spotted with yellow2 the spots next the tips being smallest4 ,wings entirely black4 ,anus red4 ,legs black2 the hinder thighs being marked on the outside with yellow4 ,,plate ,,xlii4 ,illustration ,,locusta ,,coerulea4 ,plate ,,xlii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,locustid4 ,,genus4 ,,locusta4 ,acrydium1 ,latr4 ,oedipoda1 ,serv4 ,,locusta ,,coerulea4 ,obscur viridis1 alis posticis hyalinis coeruleis1 angulo externo nigro1 femoribus medio flavis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus coeruleus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,calabar1 ,western ,coast of ,africa1 #f ,north ,l4 ,head dark dirty green4 ,antenn ----8 ,thorax dirty green and smooth1 without any tubercles4 ,tegmina dark green1 and opake4 ,wings thin and blue2 the tips being much darker4 ,abdomen dark green4 ,legs the same1 the hinder femora striped on the outside with yellow and light green1 but on the inside entirely yellow2 the tips being black4 ,,locusta 7,,rutidoderes7 ,,miles4 ,plate ,,xlii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,gryllid 7,locustaires71 ,latr4 c4 ,,genus4 ,,locusta4 ,gryllus 7,locusta71 ,linn4 c4 ,acrydium1 ,latr4 ,,subgenus3 ,rutidoderes1 ,westw4 ,,locusta 7,,rutidoderes7 ,,miles4 ,fusca1 capitis lineis duabus marginalibus margineque postico thoracis flavis1 elytris brunneis1 alis nigris maculis duabus magnis sanguineis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus ,miles1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,bay of ,honduras1 ,america4 ,head green4 ,face striped on each side with yellow4 ,antenn black4 ,thorax dark green2 posterior edges yellow4 ,abdomen black1 but when the insect was living1 probably green4 ,tegmina entirely red brown4 ,wings black1 with a scarlet patch near the tips1 running from the anterior almost #ijto the posterior edges2 another considerable part of the wings is likewise scarlet1 running from the body to the middle1 and from thence to the abdominal corners2 the posterior and anterior edges being black4 ,legs dark green1 almost black1 and variously spotted with yellow3 the fore and middle ones having a spot on each femur and tibia1 the hinder ones having three on each femur1 and two on each tibia4 ,,gryllus 7,,gryllacris7 ,,tesselatus4 ,plate ,,xlii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,gryllid4 ,,genus4 ,,gryllus 7,locusta71 ,latreille4 ,,subgenus3 ,gryllacris1 ,serville4 ,,gryllus 7,,gryllacris7 ,,tesselatus4 ,fusco-fulvescens1 alis diaphanis nigro undique tesselatis4 7,expans4 elytr4 #b unc4 #f lin4 ,alar4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus tesselatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,gryllacris maculicollis male8 ,serville ,revis4 ,orthopt4 p4 #db4 ,,habitat3 ,island of ,johanna1 near ,madagascar4 ,general colour brownish yellow4 ,head smooth4 ,eyes rather prominent and dark brown1 with a whitish streak between them4 ,antenn the length of the insect4 ,mouth furnished with four palpi1 knobbed at the extremities4 ,thorax margined1 and a little indented4 ,scutellum1 which is not seen when the wings are closed1 whiteish and triangular4 ,tegmina thin1 and full of tendons4 ,wings nearly diaphanous1 and prettily speckled with cross marks in a zigzag manner4 ,legs strong2 the hinder ones formed for leaping4 ,tibi armed with spines1 pointing downwards2 those on the hinder ones being shortest4 ,abdomen very singularly formed1 the last segment terminating in a kind of horny beak which curls inwards1 but widens and expands at the extremity1 so as to appear like a knob or club2 and close above it1 but on the upper part of the abdomen1 are four filaments about the size of the antenn2 two of them being longer than the other1 extending to the very extremity of this part4 7,see ,fig4 ,,iv47 ,the antenn in this subgenus are of very great length1 being many times longer than the whole body4 ,the specimen1 therefore1 figured by ,drury was evidently mutilated in these organs4 ,,plate ,,xliii4 ,illustration ,,acheta 7,,schizodactyla7 ,,monstrosa4 ,plate ,,xliii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,achetid4 ,,genus4 ,,acheta1 ,fabr4 ,gryllus1 ,latr4 ,,subgenus3 ,schizodactylus1 ,brull4 ,,acheta 7,,schizodactyla7 ,,monstrosa4 ,elytris alisque caudatis convolutis1 corpore luteo-fusco punctis nigris4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus monstrosus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #bi4 #b4 7,acheta m47 ,schizodactylus monstrosus1 ,aud4 ,brull ,hist4 ,nat4 ,ins4 tom4 ix4 s4 g4 #bd4 ,donovan ,ins4 ,india1 pl4 #ab4 fig4 #c4 ,,habitat3 ,india 7,fabricius74 ,antenn considerably longer than the body1 filiform4 ,mouth furnished with strong jaws1 and four palpi2 two of which are very long4 ,general colour dusky olive brown4 ,wings and tegmina extending #ia;as far beyond the body as its own length1 and curling in a most singular manner1 being very curiously folded together4 ,body with two short tails placed at its extremity4 ,legs longer than usual with insects of this kind2 each of the thighs being furnished with spines1 and also the tips of the tibi4 ,tarsi four-pointed1 besides the claws2 those of the fore and middle legs having on each side two small appendages like flaps4 ,hinder tarsi furnished on each side with five of these flaps1 some of which appear moveable1 others fixed1 as represented in the plate4 ,,acheta ,,membranacea4 ,plate ,,xliii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,achetid4 ,,genus4 ,,acheta1 ,fabr4 ,gryllus ,acheta1 ,linn4 ,gryllus1 ,latr4 ,,acheta ,,membranacea4 ,luteo-fusca1 pronoti annulis duobus nigris1 alis corpore longioribus1 tarsis posticis quinque spinosis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus membranaceus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,bay of ,honduras1 ,musquito ,shore4 ,antenn long1 filiform4 ,general colour yellowish brown4 ,thorax with two rings1 almost black4 ,wings extending beyond their cases1 terminating in two tails that are folded2 each representing a two-edged sword4 ,abdomen furnished with two bristles4 ,at the tips of the hinder tibi are placed five spines1 one being quite small2 the middle ones have four1 that are small2 and the fore ones one4 ,from the information furnished to ,mr4 ,drury by ,mr4 ,smeathman we learn that the children in ,africa are1 at the proper season1 very busily employed digging out of the ground the females1 when full of eggs1 of a species exactly the size and form of this1 on which they make an agreeable repast1 roasting generally the whole animal1 but eating only the eggs1 which are contained in a bag1 and resemble part of the roe of a large fish1 deeming it very delicate food4 ,these1 like the ,european crickets1 make a continual and noisy chirping all day long2 and the open parts of the country are never without this music1 which ceases neither night nor day4 ,some sing only in the day1 others only in the night1 and others again are never silent4 ,of those which sing only in the night1 one small species1 about the size of the ,gryllus ,campestris of ,linnus1 sallies out of its retreat early in the evening1 making so loud and shrill a chirping that it may he said to pierce the ear2 and1 as certainly as it sings within doors1 it silences a whole company4 ,it fills a large room so completely with its note1 which is something like the sound caused by rubbing a tobacco-pipe round the edge of a wine-glass1 that those unaccustomed to it cannot tell how to direct their search after it4 ,when they are looking for it1 the noise will sometimes cease for half a minute1 and begin again1 when the searchers will be as much at a loss as ever4 ,the black people1 however1 who have perhaps the most accurate ears in the world1 readily find them1 and generally without mercy put an end to their lives and their notes together4 ,different species sing their wild notes among the distant banks1 and are heard in the rivers through the mangroves1 though those trees often form a thick wood between the navigable #ibparts of the river and the dry land of a quarter or half a mile deep4 ,the mountains and the woods also echo with them all the night long1 and the full concert is very distinctly heard on board the ships1 during a calm night1 as they lie at their usual anchorages in the bays and creeks on the sea coasts4 ,,plate ,,xliv4 ,illustration ,,locusta 7,,rutidoderes7 ,,dux4 ,plate ,,xliv4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,gryllid 7,locustaires1 ,latr4 c47 ,,genus4 ,,locusta4 ,gryllus 7,locusta71 ,linn4 ,acrydium1 ,latr4 ,,subgenus3 ,rutidoderes1 ,westw4 ,,locusta 7,,rutidoderes7 ,,dux4 ,thorace carinato scabro2 elytris viridibus1 alis rufis fusco-maculatis4 7,expans4 #g unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus dux1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,encycl4 ,mth4 ,no4 #d4 7,acrydium ,d47 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #dg4 #d4 ,serville ,revis4 ,orthopt4 #ib4 ,,habitat3 ,bay of ,honduras 7,drury74 ,brazil 7,serville74 ,head dusky yellowish olive4 ,eyes prominent4 ,antenn black1 and of equal thickness throughout2 consisting of twenty-seven articulations1 being a little longer than the thorax1 which is of a dusky olive1 and ending upwards in a sharp ridge1 which is dentated and uneven4 ,tegmina dusky green1 with a great many faint dark spots on them4 ,wings red1 and edged with black2 having a great number of dark spots on them of different shapes and sizes1 many of which appear like beards of arrows4 ,abdomen large and green4 ,thighs reddish brown1 chequered with white4 ,legs the same1 the spines being black4 ,,plate ,,xlv4 ,illustration ,,libellula ,,lucia4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,lucia4 ,thorace olivaceo lineis duabus lateralibus apiceque flavis1 alis hyalino-subflavis1 strig subcostali maculque versus basin fascique triangulari medi fuscis1 stigmate albo1 nigro terminato4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,lucia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,libellula variegata1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #chb4 #dj4 7nec ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #ijd4 #ah4 ex ,indiis47 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',amer4 ,neur4 pl4 #b4 fig4 #d4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 ,front of the head green4 ,eyes contiguous4 ,thorax dark green2 being striped obliquely on the sides with two yellow streaks1 and another on the top4 ,abdomen yellowish green1 with two dark stripes running longitudinally on the sides4 ,legs dark green4 ,wings transparent1 with a slender white streak near the tips of each1 and a small black spot joining thereto1 which are placed on the anterior edges2 from the small edges1 near the middle of each wing1 a small dark cloud arises that crosses the wings1 those of the superior running lowest4 ,near the body another small cloud is placed1 being largest and strongest in the superior wings2 the fore part of which is embellished with two slender black streaks running parallel1 and near to the anterior edges4 #ic;,,agrion ,,caia4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,subfamily3 ,agrionides4 ,,genus4 ,,agrion1 ,fabr4 ,calepteryx1 ,leach4 ,libellula p4 ,drury4 ,,agrion ,,caia4 ,cuprea1 abdomine nigro1 alis hyalinis basi sanguineis1 posticis etiam macul parv apicali sanguine4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #c lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,caia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,south ,america4 ,front of the head blueish black4 ,eyes distant4 ,thorax copper gold-coloured4 ,abdomen black and slender4 ,legs black4 ,wings transparent1 but next the body are of a fine lively red2 the posterior having a small spot of that colour placed at their tips4 ,this insect is nearly allied to ,agrion ,brightwelli1 ,kirby 7,linn4 ,trans4 vol4 #ad4 t4 #c4 fig4 #e47 which is also an inhabitant of ,brazil4 ,,libellula ,,marcia4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,marcia4 ,coerulea aut nea nitida1 alis albido-flavis1 anticis maculis duabus apiceque fuscis1 posticis strigis duabus basalibus1 fasci undat anali1 maculis tribus apiceque fuscis1 basi flavis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,marcia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,libellula ,murcia1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #cgf4 #aa4 ,,habitat3 ,the ,island of ,johanna1 near ,madagascar4 ,head black4 ,eyes contiguous4 ,thorax and abdomen dark blue1 but now much faded4 ,wings transparent and of a yellowish hue1 with a small dusky cloud on each tip4 ,the anterior having two small brown spots 7almost black7 on each2 one at the middle of the anterior edge1 the other near the body4 ,posterior wings broad and deep2 the anterior edges next the body being finely ornamented with dark brown spots and clouds1 that extend along that part for about half an inch3 two small dusky spots are placed near the centre of each2 and at the abdominal corners is a long waved spot of a fine dark brown1 extending along the posterior edges2 the space between it and the anterior edges being of a deeper yellow than the other parts of the wings4 ,,libellula ,,domitia4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,domitia4 ,luteo-rufescens1 abdomine maculis dorsalibus flavis1 alis fulvis stigmate nigricanti4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,domitia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 #id;,front of the head yellow4 ,eyes contiguous4 ,thorax and abdomen pale reddish brown2 the former striped obliquely with green on its sides1 the latter spotted with yellow on the top4 ,legs dusky yellowish green4 ,wings brownish yellow1 with a small dark streak 7almost black7 placed on the anterior edges of each1 near the tips4 ,,agrion ,,titia4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #e4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,subfamily3 ,agrionides4 ,,genus4 ,,agrion1 ,fabr4 ,calepteryx1 ,leach4 ,libellula p4 ,drury4 ,,agrion ,,titia4 ,atra2 dimidio basali alarum anticarum fusco1 plag magn intern sanguine1 apice fusco2 posticis fuscis macul hyalin subapicali4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,titia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,bay of ,honduras4 ,head1 thorax1 and abdomen black4 ,eyes distant4 ,legs black4 ,anterior wings next the body red2 which is surrounded1 except on the posterior edges1 with dark brown1 occupying half the wings2 the other half is transparent1 with a dusky spot at the tips4 ,when the insect is placed on a dark ground1 the transparent parts of the wings appear to be surrounded with a small narrow edging of a grey colour4 ,posterior wings dark brown1 with a transparent spot on each1 situated about an eighth of an inch from the tips4 ,,plate ,,xlvi4 ,illustration ,,libellula ,,variegata4 ,plate ,,xlvi4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,libellula1 ,linn4 c4 ,,libellula ,,variegata4 ,alis flavis fusco maculatis et undulatis1 posticis versus apicem macul magn fusc1 puncto flavo2 apice albo4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,libellula variegata1 ,linn4 ,am4 ,acad4 #f4 #dab4 #hf4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #ijd4 #ah4 ,libellula ,histrio1 ,fabr4 ,mant4 ,ins4 #a4 #ccg4 #bd4 #aj4 ,libellula ,indica1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #cgf4 ,gurin ,icon4 ,r4 ,an4 ,ins4 pl4 #fj4 fig4 #a4 ,libellula ,arria1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,china1 ,india4 ,front of the head black4 ,eyes contiguous4 ,thorax and abdomen black4 ,anterior wings transparent for about two-fifths next the extremities1 having a small black streak on the anterior edges near the tips2 the remaining part of these wings dark yellow1 with a broad1 irregular1 dark brown bar crossing the middle1 and a spot of the same colour placed between that and the body4 ,posterior wings very deep1 and of the same dark yellow with the anterior1 except the tips1 which are transparent2 and joining thereto is a large dark brown patch1 with an oval yellow spot near its centre3 an irregular1 waved1 dark brown bar runs along the posterior edges1 beginning at the abdominal corners and ending about the middle of the wings3 another waved bar runs along the anterior edges1 beginning at the body and ending also at the middle of the wings2 the extremities of the two bars nearly meeting1 or joining together4 #ie,,libellula ,,fulvia4 ,plate ,,xlvi4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,libellula1 ,linn4 c4 ,,libellula ,,fulvia4 ,luteo-testacea2 alis fulvescentibus strig subcostali basali fusc stigmateque fusco4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #d lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,fulvia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,china4 ,front of the head dark yellow4 ,eyes contiguous4 ,thorax and abdomen tawny orange1 the former being of a pale clay colour underneath4 ,wings dark tawny orange2 and on the anterior edges of each1 next the body1 runs a narrow dark brown streak1 about half an inch long3 on the same edges also1 near the tips1 is another small streak1 appearing of a dark brown colour when the insect is placed on a white ground1 but when placed on a dark one is of a light clay colour3 the posterior edges1 next the abdominal corners1 are also dark brown4 ,,libellula ,,tullia4 ,plate ,,xlvi4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,tullia4 ,coeruleo-nigra1 alarum dimidio basali fusco1 apice cinerascenti-hyalino stigmate nigro4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,tullia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,bombay4 ,head black4 ,eyes contiguous4 ,thorax and abdomen black2 but when the insect was living1 were probably mazarine blue4 ,about three-fifths of the wings1 next the body1 are of a very dark brown2 the remainder being grey1 almost transparent1 with a small streak on the anterior edges of each1 near the tips4 ,,lestes ,,paulina4 ,plate ,,xlvi4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,subfamily3 ,agrionides4 ,,genus4 ,,lestes1 ,leach4 ,libellula p4 ,drury4 ,,lestes ,,paulina4 ,thorace griseo1 lineis nigris1 abdomine nigro griseo annulato2 alis hyalinis apice fuscis1 stigmate nigro4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,paulina1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,bay of ,honduras4 ,head black4 ,eyes distant4 ,antenn very short and thick4 ,thorax grey1 and striped obliquely on the sides with black4 ,abdomen black1 long1 and slender2 each articulation being grey4 ,legs grey1 being striped at top with black4 ,wings transparent1 except at the tips1 where they are of a very dark brown2 having a small black spot placed on the anterior edges of each near their extremities4 #if,,plate ,,xlvii4 ,illustration ,,libellula ,,axilena4 ,plate ,,xlvii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,axilena4 ,capite maculis #e albis1 thoracis dorso lateribusque virescentibus1 abdomin luteo dorso fusco2 alis albis hyalinis strig parv subcostali basali1 margineque tenui 7pone medium7 nigris stigmate albo4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #c unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,lydia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7nec vol4 #a4 pl4 #dg4 fig4 #a47 ,,habitat3 ,virginia4 ,mouth white4 ,eyes contiguous4 ,antenn short and small1 but distinct and plain when viewed through a microscope4 ,on the back part of the head are situated five white spots4 ,thorax golden brown at top1 the sides being of a pale green4 ,abdomen black at top1 the sides being of a tawny orange2 beneath pale green4 ,wings transparent2 each having a very narrow dark brown border1 beginning at the middle of the anterior edges and running round the tops1 where it ends3 a very narrow black streak also is placed near these edges1 close to the body1 from whence it seems to issue1 being about a quarter of an inch in length4 ,our author having inadvertently applied the same name to this handsome species which he had given to that figured in vol4 #a4 pl4 #dg4 fig4 #a1 ,i have been compelled to give this a new specific denomination4 ,,libellula ,,eponina4 ,plate ,,xlvii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,eponina4 ,alis flavescentibus fasciis subtribus nigris4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,eponina1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,ent4 #b4 #chb4 ,no4 #ci4 ,,habitat3 ,boston1 ,new ,england 7,drury74 ,carolina 7,fabr474 ,mouth white4 ,eyes contiguous4 ,thorax and abdomen dark brown1 the latter being clouded with black4 ,wings of a yellowish hue1 each having two dark brown bars crossing them1 one a little distance from the tips1 the other near the middle of the wing2 between the latter and the body is placed a dark brown spot with a streak above it1 those on the inferior wings being largest and most distinct4 ,,libellula ,,portia4 ,plate ,,xlvii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,portia4 ,coerulescenti-nigra1 alarum dimidio antico fusco-coerulescenti nitido1 postice bi-emarginato4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #a unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,portia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,libellula marginata1 ,pal4 ,beauv4 d',afr4 et d',amer4 ,neur4 pl4 #b4 fig4 #e4 ,fabr4 ,ent ,syst4 ii4 p4 #chj4 ,,habitat3 ,sierra ,leone4 #ig;,head black4 ,eyes contiguous4 ,thorax and abdomen blue4 ,wings partly dark brown 7almost black7 and transparent1 the anterior edges from the body to the tips being dark brown1 and the posterior edges transparent4 ,posterior wings longest1 a circumstance observable only in those whose wings next the body are broad and deep4 ,,libellula ,,sophronia4 ,plate ,,xlvii4 fig4 #d4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,sophronia4 ,fusca-rufescens1 alis fulvescentibus apice hyalinis4 7,expans4 ,alar4 #b unc4 #g lin47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,sophronia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,china4 ,head pale clay-coloured4 ,eyes contiguous4 ,thorax and abdomen dark brown1 the former being of a pale clay colour underneath4 ,wings finely reticulated1 and of a brownish yellow1 with a transparent spot at the tips2 a small narrow black streak is also placed near the anterior edges of each1 appearing to issue from the body1 being about half an inch in length4 ,,plate ,,xlviii4 ,illustration ,,lestes ,,lucretia4 ,plate ,,xlviii4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,neuroptera4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,leach4 ,,subfamily3 ,agrionides4 ,,genus4 ,,lestes1 ,leach4 ,libellula p4 ,drury1 c4 ,,lestes ,,lucretia4 ,thorace fusco vittis pallidis1 abdomine coeruleo longissimo2 alis reticulatis nubil apicali4 7,long4 ,corp4 #f unc4 ,expans4 ,alar4 #e unc47 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,lucretia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,agrion linearis1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #chh4 #e4 ,sulzer ,hist4 ,ins4 t4 #bd4 fig4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,cape of ,good ,hope1 ,dr4 ,fothergill 7,drury74 ,india1 ,dr4 ,fothergill 7,fabricius74 ,eyes very large and globular1 projecting as it were from the head1 and placed at a distance from each other4 ,antenn rather long and distinct1 resembling a small fibre issuing from a thick stalk4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,thorax probably dark blue when the insect was living1 but being now faded1 and appearing of a dead black1 it is also striped with white on the sides4 ,wings reticulated and transparent1 the superior being tipped with white1 and the inferior having a small black streak on the anterior edges1 near the tips4 ,abdomen uncommonly long1 being five inches and a half1 and of a dark shining mazarine blue4 ,legs remarkably short for the size of the insect4 ,in the #dth volume of ,seba's ,museum1 ,tab4 #fh1 are two figures somewhat like this 7being the only ones ,i ever saw in any author7 but are entirely different2 the extremities of all the wings being tipped with black1 and the bodies consisting of many more articulations than this2 the eyes also are not so large and globular1 and the feet are shorter4--,drury4 #ih,,xylocopa ,,latipes4 ,plate ,,xlviii4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,mellifera4 ,,family3 ,apid4 ,,genus4 ,,xylocopa1 ,fabr4 ,apis1 ,drury1 ,linn4 ,,apis ,,latipes4 ,hirsuta atra1 tarsis anticis explanatis flavis1 intus ciliatis4 7,magn4 ,bomb4 terrestr4 major47 ,,syn4 ,apis latipes1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #cad4 #a4 ,syst4 ,piez4 #ccg4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,the ,island of ,johanna1 near ,madagascar 7,drury74 ,china 7,fabr474 ,eyes large1 having the ocelli placed between them1 just above the antenn4 ,antenn jointed in the middle1 i4e4 at the end of the long basal joint1 which is broad and flat at the tip4 ,tongue horny and thick at top1 ending in a sharp point4 ,thorax shining and dark blue1 covered on the front with black hairs4 ,abdomen dark blue1 the sides being hairy4 ,wings dark blue and opake4 ,breast dark blue and hairy4 ,fore legs longer than the others1 and very hairy1 the femora and tibi being black2 the first articulation of the tarsi being composed of a thin horn-like substance of a light yellow colour1 concave and hollow within1 but flat on the top or upper part2 from the hinder side or edge whereof proceed many long hairs of the same colour4 ,according to ,mr4 ,smeathman these bees are very injurious to wooden houses1 the posts of which they bore and perforate in various directions1 so as to weaken them very much4 ,the holes they make are half an inch in diameter4 ,drury hazards the conjecture1 that the curiously dilated anterior tarsi1 and the long hairs with which it is furnished1 appear to be useful to the creature for containing the substance of which these insects compose their nests4 ,this1 however1 is but mere conjecture2 since it is the males only which possess this curious construction2 and this sex takes no share in the construction or provisioning of the nest in any species of bees with whose economy we are hitherto acquainted4 ,there are certainly several distinct species confounded together under the common name of ,xylocopa latipes4 ,,synagris ,,cornuta male4 ,plate ,,xlviii4 fig4 #c4 ,,order3 ,hymenoptera4 ,,section3 ,diploptera4 ,,family3 ,vespid1 ,leach4 ,,genus4 ,,synagris1 ,latr4 ,fabr4 ,vespa1 ,linn4 ,apis1 ,drury4 ,,synagris ,,cornuta4 ,ferruginea1 abdomine alisque nigris1 mandibulis porrectis capite longioribus4 male4 7,long4 ,corp4 cum mand4 #a unc4 #d lin47 ,,syn4 ,vespa cornuta1 ,linn4 ,syst4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #iea4 #bj4 ,fabr4 ,syst4 ,piez4 #beb4 #a4 ,latr4 ,hist4 ,nat4 #c4 #cfj4 7,synagris c47 ,griffith ,animal ,kingdom1 ,insects1 pl4 #ajf4 #ajg4 fig4 #a4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7,apis c47 ,,habitat3 ,africa 7,fabr474 ,anamaboe 7,drury74 ,front of the head dark orange1 the hinder part brown4 ,antenn dark orange brown1 and about the length of the thorax2 the basal joint elongated4 ,ocelli distinct4 ,from the front of the head proceed two slender horns1 about three-eighths of an inch in length1 of a solid bony substance1 bending at the extremities toward each other1 which the insect can open and close together horizontally1 and which are the mandibles greatly developed4 ,the base of these horns extends downwards1 and forms a kind of #ii;hollow beak1 terminating in a point which encloses the tongue1 and serves as a guard or fence to secure it from external injuries4 ,thorax and legs orange brown4 ,abdomen probably of a dark mazarine blue 8 when the insect was living1 but is now of a dead black4 ,wings brown1 opake1 and shining4 ,,plate ,,xlix4 ,illustration ,,phasma 7,,platycrana7 ,,jamaicensis4 ,plate ,,xlix4 fig4 #a4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,cursoria4 ,,family3 ,phasmid4 ,,genus4 ,,phasma1 ,fabr4 ,mantis1 ,drury4 ,,subgenus3 ,platycrana1 ,gray4 ,,phasma 7,,platycrana7 ,,jamaicensis4 ,linearis viridis1 alis pallid roseis cost tenui viridi4 7,long4 ,corp4 #c unc4 #f lin47 ,,syn4 ,mantis ,jamaicensis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #ae4 #aa4 7,mantis ,j47 ,gray ,syn4 ,phasm4 p4 #ch4 7,platycrana ,j47 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head green4 ,eyes small and black4 ,antenn filiform and long4 ,thorax and abdomen green1 long1 and slender4 ,tegmina very small1 and striped with green1 the anterior edges being yellow4 ,wings very thin and membraneous1 being of a pale blush or pink colour2 but along the anterior edges are thick and green4 ,legs green2 but at the articulations are of a yellowish hue4 ,femora furnished with spines2 those on the fore ones being smallest4 ,tarsi of the ordinary form4 ,,mantis ,,cingulata4 ,plate ,,xlix4 fig4 #b4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,cursoria4 ,,family3 ,mantid4 ,,genus4 ,,mantis1 ,linn4 c4 ,,mantis ,,cingulata4 ,luteo-fusca1 elytris subolivaceis maculis duabus obliquis discoidalibus1 alis fuscis basi et versus apicem pallidioribus1 abdomine pallido nigro annulato4 7,long4 ,corp4 #b unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn44 ,mantis ,cingulata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,mantis ,domingensis1 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',amer4 ,orthopt4 pl4 #ab4 f4 #b48 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head brown yellow4 ,eyes rounded1 and distant4 ,antenn 7in ,drury's specimen7 wanting4 ,thorax long and slender1 flat at bottom and rounded at top4 ,tegmina pale greenish colour1 with a nerve running down the middle like the leaf of a tree1 extending1 when closed1 the length of the abdomen1 being margined along the edges4 ,wings very thin and brown2 but along the anterior edges thick and yellow4 ,abdomen yellowish1 with black rings1 and broad at the middle1 but narrow where it joins the thorax4 ,fore legs yellow brown1 with a black spot at the tips of the femora on the inner side4 ,trochanters flat and thin4 ,femora furnished with two rows of spines1 and a groove between them to receive the tibi1 which are furnished at the extremity with a strong spine bending inwardly1 and likewise on each side with a row of small and shorter spines1 regularly placed and very even4 ,from this articulation proceed the slender tarsi1 the first joint being the longest4 ,the middle legs have a small flap1 or membrane1 placed near the tips of the tibi1 on the first articulation of the bearers2 with two small spines at the joints of the same articulations1 both of these and the hinder legs4 #ajj,,plate ,l4 ,illustration ,,phasma 7,,diapherodes7 ,,gigas4 ,plate ,l4 ,,order3 ,orthoptera4 ,,section3 ,cursoria4 ,,family3 ,phasmid4 ,,genus3 ,,phasma1 ,fabr4 ,mantis1 ,drury4 ,,subgenus3 ,diapherodes1 ,gray4 ,cyphocrana1 ,serville4 ,,phasma 7,,diapherodes7 ,,gigas4 ,aptera1 capite thoraceque spinosis1 hoc lateribus serratis1 elytris brevissimis1 femoribus subtus angulatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #g unc4 #i lin47 ,,syn4 ,mantis gigas1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7#aggc47 7nec ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 ,suppl4 ,no4 #f4 ,oliv4 ,encyl4 ,no4 #b4 ,serv4 ,rev4 ,orthopt4 p4 #cc47 ,gray ,syn4 ,phasm4 p4 #cc4 7,diapherodes ,g47 ,mantis angulata1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,syst4 #b4 #ac4 7#agic47 ,,habitat3 ,st4 ,vincent4 ,general colour brown1 but probably green when alive1 becoming brown by the spirits in which it was preserved4 ,antenn about three inches long1 and composed of a great number of articulations 7not less than fifty7 being thickest at their roots1 from whence they diminish a little to their extremities4 ,head oblong1 with two short thick spines on the top1 near the front4 ,eyes small1 round1 black1 and distant4 ,four palpi1 each #d-;jointed2 that next the mouth being the shortest4 ,mouth appearing not to be furnished with strong teeth or jaws1 but seeming rather formed for macerating tender plants4 ,neck and thorax having a great many short thick spines on them2 particularly the latter1 which has a ridge on each side1 full of spines like the teeth of a saw1 extending to the abdomen4 ,it is evident this species is furnished with wings when arrived to its complete state1 by the rudiments observable in this2 which1 though they are exceeding small1 are a sufficient proof it is not wingless4 ,abdomen composed of seven articulations2 the last being divided into three smaller ones1 from whence springs from the under part an instrument that extends about half an inch beyond the tail1 being shaped like a three-edged sword2 each side being hollowed and grooved like that weapon4 ,when first received1 the abdomen was considerably broader than it is now1 being then nearly the breadth of a man's thumb2 but now is contracted one-fourth1 and in proportion every other part is less1 except the head4 ,the hind legs are longer than the rest2 but are not formed1 like the locust tribe1 for leaping4 ,the under part of the thighs are furnished with short thick spines2 those on the hinder ones being the strongest1 and most conspicuous4 ,the tips of the femora are furnished with two thick strong spines1 which are placed on each side the joint4 ,the tibi are short and thick4 ,the tarsi consist of five articulations besides the claws2 the bottom of each having a valve or sucker to it2 those placed between the hooks being considerably larger than the others1 by which the creature is enabled to climb up any thing perpendicularly that has a smooth surface4 ,,end ,,of ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,g4 ,,norman1 ,,printer4 ,,maiden ,,lane1 ,,covent ,,garden4 ,,notes4 #a ,trans4 ,linn4 ,soc4 ,vol4 #g4 #b ,quoted in the ,british ,cyclopdia of ,natural ,history1 ,vol4 #a4 p4 #gdh4 #c ,neither in ,abbot's figure1 nor in my specimens of this larva1 is there any appearance of hair upon the body1 and it cannot be supposed that a variation in the nature of the food could have the effect of clothing some specimens with hair whilst the rest are naked4 #d ,mr4 ,swainson's figure of ,leilus orientalis is incorrect in this respect4 #e ,sphinx ,vespiformis1 an ,essay1 table opposite p4 #ca4 #f ,anomalie du ,genre ,urania par ,m4 ,boisduval4 ,ann4 ,soc4 ,ent4 ,france1 #ahcd1 p4 #bdh4 #g ,trans4 ,zool4 ,soc4 ,lond4 vol4 i4 #h ,figured by ,lewin in his ,lepidopt4 of ,new ,holland1 and republished by ,gurin ,icon4 ,rgne4 ,an4 ,ins4 pl4 #hc4 fig4 #b4