,v]4#jd4bi4ic99;,,end99 ,james ,nasmy?3 ,eng9e]1 ,an ,autobiography4 ,edit$ by ,samuel ,smiles1 ,,ll4,d4 7?is ,etext is tak5 f ! popul> edition1 pub4 ,john ,murray #ahig7 ,,preface ,i h _h mu* pleasure 9 edit+ ! foll[+ ,memoir ( my fri5d ,mr4 ,nasmy?4 ,"s tw5ty ye>s s9ce 79 ,april #ahfc71 :5 ,i appli$ to him = in=mation respect+ 8 me*anical inv5tions1 he repli$3 ,my life pres5ts no /rik+ or rem>kable incid5ts1 & w\ld1 ,i fe>1 prove b a tame n>rative4 ,! sph]e to :i* my endeav\rs h be5 conf9$ has be5 ( a comp>atively quiet ord]2 b1 vanity ap>t1 ,i hope ,i h be5 able to leave a few m>ks ( my exi/5ce beh9d me 9 ! %ape ( useful contrivances1 :i* are 9 _m ways help+ on great works ( indu/ry4 ,mr4 ,nasmy?1 nev]!less1 k9dly furni%$ me ) in=mation respect+ himself1 z well z 8 =m] ma/] & in/ructor1 ,h5ry ,maudslay1 ( ,london1 = ! purpose ( be+ ins]t$ 9 ,indu/rial ,biography1 or ,ironwork]s & ,toolmak]s1 :i* 0 publi%$ at ! end ( #ahfc4 ,he 0 ( op9ion t ! outl9e ( 8 life !re pres5t$ 0 suffici5tly descriptive ( 8 c>e] z a me*anic & inv5tor4 ,dur+ ! ye>s t h elaps$ s9ce !n1 ,mr4 ,nasmy? has be5 prevail$ ^u by "s ( 8 fri5ds m especially by ,sir ,john ,&]son1 late ( ,woolwi* ,ars5al--to note d[n ! rem9isc5ces ( 8 life1 ) an acc\nt ( 8 inv5tions1 & to publi% !m = ! b5efit ( o!rs4 ,he has accord+ly sp5t "s ( 8 well e>n$ leisure dur+ ! la/ two ye>s 9 writ+ out 8 recollections4 ,hav+ consult$ me on ! subject1 ,i recomm5d$ t !y %\ld be publi%$ 9 ! =m ( an ,autobiography1 & he has will+ly giv5 8 cons5t4 ,mr4 ,nasmy? has furni%$ me ) abundant notes ( 8 busy life1 & he has reque/$ me1 9 prep>+ !m = publication1 to make use ( ! prun+-knife4 ,i hope1 h[ev]1 t 9 edit+ ! book ,i h n omitt$ any?+ t is likely to be int]e/+ or in/ructive4 ,i mu/ add t ev]y?+ has be5 submitt$ to 8 correction & receiv$ 8 f9al approval4 ,! n>rative abundantly illu/rates ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s own def9ition ( eng9e]+2 namely1 common s5se appli$ to ! use ( mat]ials4 ,9 8 case1 common s5se has be5 m especially appli$ to facilitat+ & p]fect+ "w by means ( ,ma*9e ,tools4 ,civilisation began ) tools2 & e /ep 9 advance has be5 accompli%$ ?r\gh _! improvem5t4 ,h&icraft lab\r1 9 bone1 /one1 or wood1 0 ! fir/ /age 9 ! developm5t ( man's p[]2 & tools or ma*9es1 9 iron or /eel1 are ! la/ & mo/ effici5t me?od ( economis+ x1 & enabl+ him to intellig5tly direct ! active & in]t =ces ( nature4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ,mr4 ,nasmy?1 on 8 fir/ />t 9 life1 ow$ mu* to ! influ5ce ( 8 fa!r1 :o 0 n only an admirable arti/--! f\nd]1 z ,sir ,david ,wilkie t]m$ him1 ( ! l&scape pa9t+ s*ool ( ,scotl&--b an excell5t me*anic4 ,8 b[-&-/r+ ro(s & bridges %[ 8 orig9al m]its z a design]2 & are suffici5t to e/abli% 8 ability z a me*anical eng9e]4 ,inde$1 "o ( ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s pr9cipal objects 9 prep>+ ! notes ( ! foll[+ "w1 has be5 to introduce a ,memorial to ! memory ( 8 fa!r1 to :om he ow$ s mu*1 & to :om he 0 s greatly atta*$ ?r\gh life4 ,h5ce ! num]\s ref]5ces to him1 & ! illu/rations f 8 works ( art1 ( ar*itecture1 z well z ( me*anics1 giv5 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! book4 ,i might po9t out t ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s n>rative has a /rong be>+ ^u popul> education2 n only z reg>ds economical use ( "t1 c>eful obs]vation1 close att5tion to details1 b z respects ! uses ( ,draw+4 ,! obs]vations :i* he makes z to ! accurate k ( ?is art are v important4 ,9 ?is matt] he concurs ) ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 9 8 "w on ,education4 ,x is v /range1 ,mr4 ,nasmy? said "s ye>s ago1 t amid/ all our vaunt$ improvem5ts 9 education1 ! faculty ( comp>ison by sight1 or :at may be commonly call$ ! correctness ( eye1 has be5 s little att5d$ to ,he accord+ly urges ! tea*+ ( rudim5t>y draw+ 9 all public s*ools4 ,draw+ is1 he says1 ! ,education ( ! ,eye4 ,x is m int]e/+ ?an words4 ,x is graphic language4 ,! illu/rations giv5 9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ book w s]ve to %[ 8 own ma/]y ( draw+ :e!r z respects ,me*anical details1 ! ,moon's surface1 or ! fairyl& ( ,l&scape4 ,x is p]haps n say+ too mu* to av] t _h he n devot$ 8 bus9ess life to ,me*anics1 he w\ld1 l 8 fa!r1 8 bro!r ,patrick1 & 8 si/]s1 h tak5 a high position z an arti/4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,memoir we h only be5 able to introduce a few specim5s ( 8 draw+s2 b ,! ,fairies1 ,! ,antiqu>y1 & o!rs1 w give ! read] a good idea ( ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s arti/ic ability4 ,s9ce 8 retirem5t f bus9ess life1 at ! age ( =ty-eight1 ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s pr9cipal pursuit has be5 ,a/ronomy4 ,8 ,monograph on ,! ,moon1 publi%$ 9 #ahgd1 exhibits 8 ard5t & philosophic love = sci5ce 9 "o ( its sublime/ aspects4 ,8 spl5did a/ronomical in/rum5ts1 = ! mo/ "p made entirely by 8 own h&s1 h enabl$ him to detect ! will[ leaf-%ap$ objects :i* =m ! /ructural elem5t ( ! ,sun's lum9\s surface4 ,! discov]y 0 %ortly aft] v]ifi$ by ,sir ,john ,h]s*el & o!r a/ronom]s1 & is n[ a receiv$ fact 9 a/ronomical sci5ce4 ,a ,*ronological ,li/ ( "s ( ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s contrivances & inv5tions is giv5 at ! end ( ! volume1 :i* %[s1 s f>1 :at he has be5 enabl$ to accompli% dur+ 8 me*anical c>e]4 ,^! beg9 at a v e>ly age1 & 7 cont9u$ = ab\t ?irty ye>s ( a busy & active life4 ,v few ( !m 7 pat5t$2 _m ( !m1 ?\gh widely adopt$1 are unackn[l$g$ z 8 inv5tion4 ,!y1 nev]!less1 did mu* to advance ! me*anical arts1 & /ill cont9ue to d excell5t s]vice 9 ! eng9e]+ _w4 ,! *apt] relat+ to ! orig9 ( ! ,cunei=m ,"*1 & ( ! ,pyramid or ,sun-wor%ip 9 its relation to ,egyptian ,ar*itecture1 is plac$ at ! end1 s z n to int]rupt ! p]sonal n>rative4 ,t *apt]1 x is believ$1 w be f\nd v int]e/+1 illu/rat$1 z x is1 by ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s draw+s4 ,s4,s4 ,,london1 ,octob] #ahhe4 ,,cont5ts ,preface ,li/ ( ,illu/rations omitt$ 9 ?is ,etext ,,*apt] #a ,my ,ance/ry ,s5tim5t ( ,ance/ry ,orig9 ( ! "n ( ,naesmy? ,naesmy? ( ,posso ,naesmy? ( ,ne!rton ,battle ( ,bo?well ,brig ,e/ate confiscat$ ,elspe? ,naesmy? ,mi*ael ,naesmy? build] & ar*itect ,=t at ,inv]snaid ,naesmy? family tomb ,=m] ma/]s & m5 ,mi*ael ,naesmy?'s son ,new ,ed9burgh ,gr&mo!r ,naesmy? ,uncle ,mi*ael ,,*apt] #b ,alex&] ,nasmy? ,born #ageh--;,grassm>ket ,ed9burgh--,education ,! ,bibl]'s ,seat ,! bro!rs ,ersk9e ,appr5tic$ to a coa*build] ,! ,tru/ees' ,academy ,hugu5ot artisans ,alex&] ,runciman ,copy ( ,! ,laocoon ,assi/ant to ,allan ,ramsay ,faculty ( res\rcefulness ,beg9s z portrait pa9t] ,fri5d%ip ) ,mill] ( ,dalsw9ton ,mill] & ! fir/ /eamboat ,visit to ,italy ,m>riage to ,b>b>a ,f\lis ,burns ! poet ,ed9burgh clubs ,l&scape beauty ,ab&ons portrait = l&scape pa9t+ ,david ,rob]ts1 ,r4,a4 ,dean ,bridge ,/4 ,b]n>d's ,well ,nelson's ,monum5t ,b[-&-/r+ bridges ,sunday rivet ,,*apt] #c ,an ,arti/'s ,family ,sir ,james ,hall ,geology ( ,ed9burgh ,fri5ds ( ! family ,h5ry ,raeburn ,ev5+s at home ,society ( arti/s ,call] ,aon ,managem5t ( ! h\sehold ,! family ,education ( six si/]s ,! ,nasmy? classes ,p5cil draw+ ,excursions r\nd ,ed9burgh ,graphic memor&a ,patrick ,nasmy?1 sket* ( 8 life ,removes to ,london ,visit to ,hamp%ire ,orig9al prices ( 8 works ,8 fri5ds ,8 dea? ,,*apt] #d ,my ,e>ly ,ye>s ,born #ahjh ,m>y ,pet]k9 ,! brilliant r$ poppies ,left-h&$ ,patrick's bir?day ,vocal p]=mance ,a wond]ful escape ,ev5ts ( ! w> ,! ,fr5* prison]s ,entry ( ! #db;d into ,ed9burgh ,blea*+ claes on ! ,calton ,! ,gre5side work%ops ,! *imes ( ,/4 ,giles' ,! ,ed9burgh ,m>ket ,! caddies ,! fi%wives ,! floore ,traditional fondness = cats ,a ,nasmy? pray] ,,*apt] #e ,my ,s*ool-days ,my fir/ s*oolma/] ,pret] plup]fect t5se ,! p5ny pig ,c\ntry picnics ,pupil at ! ,high ,s*ool ,dislike ( ,lat9 ,love ( old build+s ,_! masonry ,sir ,walt] ,scott ,! ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian ,john ,l9nell ,! collect+ p]iod ,james ,watt ,my fa!r's work%op ,make pe]ies1 cannon1 & /eels ,s*ool fri5d%ips ,pat]son's ironf\ndry ,8 =em5 ,johnie ,syme ,tom ,smi? & *emical exp]im5ts ,kid gloves & te*nical k ,,*apt] #f ,me*anical ,beg9n+s ,/udy ari?metic & geometry ,practise art ( draw+ ,its important uses ,make tools & bl[pipe ,walks r\nd ,ed9burgh ,volcanic orig9 ( ! neighb\rhood ,george ! ,f\r?'s visit ,! ,radical ,road ,de/ructive fires ,j\rney to ,/irl+ ,! ,devon ,ironworks ,rob]t ,bald ,c>ron ,ironworks ,coats ( mail f\nd at ,bannockburn ,models ( cond5s+ /eam-eng9e ,pr(essor ,leslie ,ed9burgh ,s*ool ( ,arts ,att5d ,univ]sity classes ,brass-ca/+ 9 ! b$room ,george ,d\glass ,make a work+ /eam-eng9e ,sympa?y ( activity ,! ,expansomet] ,make a road /eam-c>riage ,desire to ent] ,maudslay's factory ,,*apt] #g ,h5ry ,maudslay1 ,london ,voyage to ,london ) specim5s ( workman%ip ,fir/ walk ?r\gh ,london ,visit to ,h5ry ,maudslay ,! int]view ,exhibit my specim5s ,tak5 on z assi/ant ,! private work%op ,maudslay's con/ructive excell5ce ,8 maxims ,uni=mity ( screws ,meet+ ) ,h5ry ,br\gham ,david ,wilkie ,visit to ! ,admiralty ,museum ,! ,block ma*9]y ,! ,royal ,m9t ,/eam ya*t trip to ,ri*mond ,lodg+s tak5 ,a clean cross+ ,,*apt] #h ,maudslay's ,private ,assi/ant ,ent] ,maudslay's s]vice ,rudim5t>y screw g5]ator ,! guide screw ,int]view ) ,f>aday ,rate ( wages ,economical liv+ ,my cook+ /ove ,make model ( m>9e /eam-eng9e ,my coll>-nut cutt+ ma*9e ,maudslay's elem5ts ( high-class workman%ip ,flat fil+ ,/&>d planes ,maudslay's ,"l ,*ancellor ,maudslay's ,visitors ,g5]al ,b5?am1 ,b>ton1 ,donk9 & ,*antrey ,! ,cundell bro!rs ,walks r\nd ,london ,norman ar*itecture ,,*apt] #i ,holiday 9 ! ,manufactur+ ,di/ricts ,coa*+ trip to ,liv]pool ,cov5try ,engli% sc5]y ',! ,rocket' ,! two ,/eph5sons ,op5+ ( ! railway ,william ,fawcett ,birk5head ,walk back to ,london ,patricr(t ,man*e/] ,edw>d ,tootal ,%>p1 ,rob]ts & ,co4 ,man*e/] indu/ry ,coalbrookdale ,! ,black ,c\ntry ,dudley ,ca/le ,wr5's ,ne/ ,hill ,birm+ham ,b\lton & ,watt ,william ,murdo* ,john ,dra9 ,k5ilwor?--,w>wick--,ox=d--,w9dsor--,lon don ,,*apt] #aj ,beg9 ,bus9ess at ,man*e/] ,/amp+ ma*9e improv$ ,a/ronomical in/rum5ts ,a reflect+ telescope propos$ ,dea? ( ,maudslay ,jo%ua ,field ',talk+ books' ,leave ,maudslay & ,field ,take tempor>y work%op 9 ,ed9burgh ,ar*ie ,torry ,con/ruct a rot>y /eam-eng9e ,prep>e a /ock ( ma*9e tools ,visit to ,liv]pool ,john ,cragg ,visit to ,man*e/] ,john ,k5n$y ,grant ,bro!rs ,take a work%op ,tools remov$ to ,man*e/] ,a prosp]\s bus9ess begun ,/ory ( ! bro!rs ,grant ,trip to ,elg9 & ,ca/le ,grant ,! bro!rs ,c[p] ,! pr9t+ ma*9e ,edw>d ,c[p] ,,*apt] #aa ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry--,p>tn]%ip ,dem& = skill$ lab\r ,ma*9e tools 9 reque/ ,my flat ov]load$ ,a cra% among ! decant]s ,! l& at ,patricr(t ,lease f ,squire ,traf=d ,bridgewat] ,f\nd>y begun ,trip to ,londond]ry ,! ,giant's ,causeway ,cottage at ,b>ton ,! ,bridgewat] canal ,"l ,francis ,eg]ton ,safety f\ndry ladle ,holbrook ,gaskell tak5 z p>tn] ,8 ev5tual retirem5t ,,*apt] #ab ,free ,trade 9 ,ability--,! ,/rike--,dea? ( my ,fa!r ,hugo de ,lupus ,! ,pet] ,/ubb's files ,worsley lab\r]s ,promotion f ! ranks ,free trade 9 ability ,=eman lieut5ants1 ,ar*ie ,torry ,james ,hutton ,john ,cl>ke ,?omas ,crewdson ,trades' ,union int]f]5ce ,a /rike ord]$ ,workman adv]tis$ = ,a re9=cem5t ( ,scot* me*anics ,! /rike scot*$ ,millwrights & eng9e]s ,ind5ture-b\nd appr5tices ,visits ( my fa!r ,en?usia/ic reception ,8 la/ "w ,8 dea? ,te/imony ( ,sir ,david ,wilkie ,,*apt] #ac ,my ,m>riage--,! ,/eam ,hamm] ,prep>ations = a home ,influ5ce ( *ance occurr5ces ,visit to ,mr4 ,h>top's ne> ,b>nsley ,important int]view ,ev5tual m>riage ,great ,we/]n ,railway locomotives ,mr4 ,humphries & ',great ,we/]n' /eam%ip ,=g+ ( paddle-%aft ,want ( range ( exi/+ hamm]s ,! fir/ /eam hamm] sket*$ ,its arrangem5t ,! paddle %aft ab&on$ ,my sket* copi$ & adopt$ ,my visit to ,creuzot ,f9d /eam hamm] 9 op]ation ,a pat5t tak5 out ,fir/ /eam hamm] made 9 ,engl& ,its g5]al adoption ,pat5t secur$ = ,unit$ ,/ates ,,*apt] #ad ,travels 9 ,france & ,italy ,! ,fr5* ,m9i/] ( ,m>9e at ,p>is ,r\5--,bayeux--,*]b\rg--,bre/--,ro*e=t-- ,indret ,m4 ,ros9e ,ar*itecture ( ,nismes ,m>seilles--,t\lon--,voyage to ,naples--,g5oa--,pisa ,bay ( ,naples ,! ,national ,museum ,visit to ,vesuvius ,! edge ( ! crat] ,volcanic commotion ,ov]fl[s ( burn+ lava ,w9e-%op at ,ros9a ,return ride to ,naples ,,*apt] #ae ,/eam ,hamm] ,pile-driv] ,! ,royal ,docky>ds ,/eam hamm] = ,devonport ,sc5e at ! fir/ /roke ,my ,lords ( ! ,admiralty ,/eam hamm] pile-driv] requir$ ,! new docks at ,devonport ,! pile-driv] deliv]$ ,its description ,trail aga9/ ! old me?od ,its g5]al adoption ,happy ?\ghts ,te/+ ( *a9 cables & an*ors ,causes ( failure ,punctilli\sness ( (ficials at royal docky>ds ,egyptian workman employ$ ,affiffi ,lalli ,lett] f ,f>aday ,,*apt] #af ,nuremb]g--,/4 ,pet]sburg--,dannemora4 ,visit to ,nuremb]g ,alb]t ,dur] ,adam ,krafft ,visit to ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,g5]al ,wilson ,g5]al ,greg ,/ruve ! a/ronom] ,palaces & %ops ,ivy ornam5tation ,! ,emp]or ,ni*olas a royal salute ,francis ,baird ,"w ( ,russian s]fs ,! ,izak ,*ur* ,voyage to ,/okholm ,visit to ,upsala ,! iron m9es ( ,dannemora ,to ,gott5burg by /eam] ,motala ,trollhatt5 ,falls ,swe$i% p ,cop5hag5 ,ty*o ,brahe2 ,zel& & ,hol/e9 ,holl&1 & return ,,*apt] #ag ,m ab\t ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry--,woolwi* ,ars5al ,increas$ dem& = self-act+ tools ,promotions ( lads ,! ,trades' ,union aga9 ,/rike aga9/ ,platt ,bro!rs ,edw>d ,tootal's advice ,fri5dl9ess betwe5 eng9e]+ firms ,small high-pressure eng9es ,uses ( wa/e /eam ,improvem5ts 9 calico-pr9t+ ,improvem5ts at ,woolwi* ,ars5al ,enl>gem5t ( work%ops ,improv$ ma*9e tools ,! gun f\ndry & laboratories ,ord]s = ,spa9 & ,russia ,rope factory ma*9]y ,russian ,(fic]s ,gr& ,duke ,con/ant9e ,"l ,ellesm]e's visitors ,admiral ,kornileff ,,*apt] #ah ,a/ronomical pursuits ,hobbies at home ,draw+ ,wa%+ton ,irv+ ,pursuit ( a/ronomy ,wond]s ( ! heav5s ,con/ruction ( a new speculum ,william ,lassell ,w>r5 de la ,rue ,home-made reflect+ telescope ,a gho/ at ,patricr(t ,tw5ty-in* diamet] speculum ,draw+s ( ! moon's surface ,/ructure ( ! moon ,lun> crat]s ,pico ,wr9kles ( age ,ext9ct crat]s ,l&scape sc5]y ( ! moon ,meet+ ( ,briti% ,association at ,ed9burgh ,! ,bass ,rock ,pr(essor ,ow5 ,rob]t ,*amb]s ,! groov$ rocks ,hugh ,mill] & b\ld] clay ,lecture on ! moon ,visit ! ,duke ( ,argyll ,basaltic =mation at ,mull ,! ,giant's ,causeway ,! great exhibition ,/eam hamm] eng9e ,prize m$als ,int]view ) ! ,que5 & ,pr9ce ,consort ,"l ,cockburn ,visit to ,bonally ,d4 ,o4 ,hill ,,*apt] #ai ,m ab\t ,a/ronomy ,sir ,david ,brew/] ,edw>d ,c[p]'s lecture ,cause ( ! sun's light ,"l ,murray ,sir ,t4 ,mit*ell ,! ,milky ,way ,c\ntless suns ,infusoria 9 ,bridgewat] ,canal ,rot>y movem5ts ( heav5ly bodies ,geological ,society meet+ ,dr ,vaugham ,improvem5t ( ,small ,arms ,factory1 ,enfield ,g5]osity ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t ,! ,enfield ,rifle ,,*apt] #bj ,retirem5t f ,bus9ess ,lett] f ,david ,rob]ts1 ,r4 ,a4 ,puddl+ iron by /eam ,! process tri$ ,sir ,h5ry ,bessem]'s inv5tion ,discussion at ,*elt5ham ,bessem]'s acc\nt ,prep>e to retire f bus9ess ,! ,c\ntess ( ,ellesm]e ,! ,cottage 9 ,k5t ,! antibili\s /ock ,hamm]field1 ,p5%ur/ ,plant+ & g>d5+ ,! ,cry/al ,palace ,music ,tools & telescopes ,! gre5h\se ,,*apt] #ba ,active leisure ,a/ronomy ,lecture on ! ,moon ,ed9burgh ,old fri5ds ,visit to ! ,cont95t--,p>is1 ,*>tres1 ,nismes1 ,*am\nix ,art ( photography ,sir ,john ,h]s*el ,spots on ! sun's surface ,e4,j4 ,/one ,de la ,rue ,visit f ,sir ,john ,h]s*el ,crack+ glass globe ,a million spots & lett]s ,geological diagram ,fa!r ,sec*i at ,rome ,"l ,lyndhur/ ,visit to ,h]s*el ,8 la/ lett] ,publication ( ,! ,moon ,philip ,h4 ,cald]on ,c>d9al ,mann+ ,miss ,h]s*el ,william ,lassell ,w9dmill gr9d+ ( speculum ,! dial ( life ,end ( recollections ,li/ ( ,inv5tions & ,contrivances ,articles on ! ,sun-,ray orig9 ( ! ,pyramids & ,cunei=m ,"* ,image ,ed9burgh ,ca/le1 ,f ! ,v5nel ,,autobiography4 ,,*apt] #a4 ,my ,ance/ry ,our hi/ory beg9s be=e we are born4 ,we repres5t ! h]$it>y influ5ces ( our race1 & our ance/ors virtually live 9 u4 ,! s5tim5t ( ance/ry seems to be inh]5t 9 human nature1 especially 9 ! m civilis$ races4 ,at all ev5ts1 we _c help hav+ a due reg>d = ! hi/ory ( our =efa!rs4 ,our curiosity is /imulat$ by _! imm$iate or indirect influ5ce ^u ourselves4 ,x may be a g5]\s en?usiasm1 or1 z "s might say1 a h>mless vanity1 to take pride 9 ! hon\r ( _! "n4 ,! gifts ( nature1 h[ev]1 are m valuable ?an ^? ( =tune2 & no l9e ( ance/ry1 h[ev] hon\rable1 c absolve u f ! duty ( dilig5t application & p]sev]ance1 or f ! practice ( ! virtues ( self-control & self-help4 ,sir ,b]n>d ,burke1 9 8 ,pe]age & ,b>onetage ,ed #ahgi ,pp #hhe-f1 gives a fai?ful acc\nt ( ! ance/ors f :om ,i am l9eally desc5d$4 ,! family ( ,naesym?1 he says1 is "o ( remote antiquity 9 ,twe$dale1 & has possess$ l&s !re s9ce ! #ac? c5tury4 ,!y f\ght 9 ! w>s ( ,bruce & ,baliol1 :i* end$ 9 ! indep5d5ce ( ,scotl&4 ,! foll[+ is ! family leg5d ( ! orig9 ( ! "n ( ,naesym?3 -- ,9 ! tr\bl\s times :i* prevail$ 9 ,scotl& be=e ! union ( ! ,cr[ns1 ! feuds betwe5 ! ,k+ & ! ,b>ons 7 almo/ con/ant4 ,9 ! reign ( ,james ,,iii4 ! ,h\se ( ,d\glas 0 ! mo/ prom95t & ambiti\s4 ,! ,e>l n only resi/$ 8 liege "l1 b ent]$ into a comb9ation ) ! ,k+ ( ,engl&1 f :om he receiv$ a p5sion4 ,he 0 decl>$ a rebel1 & 8 e/ates 7 confiscat$4 ,he det]m9$ to resi/ ! royal p[]1 & cross$ ! ,bord] ) 8 foll[]s4 ,he 0 met by ! ,e>l ( ,angus1 ! ,maxwells1 ! ,john/ons1 & ! ,scotts4 ,9 "o ( ! engagem5ts :i* ensu$ ! ,d\glases appe>$ to h ga9$ ! day1 :5 an ance/or ( ! ,naesmy?s1 :o f\ght "u ! royal /&>d1 took refuge 9 ! smi?y ( a neighb\r+ village4 ,! smi? (f]$ him protection1 disguis$ him z a hamm]man1 ) a lea!r apron 9 front1 & ask$ him to l5d a h& at 8 "w4 ,:ile ?us engag$ a p>ty ( ! ,d\glas p>tisans ent]$ ! smi?y4 ,!y look$ ) suspicion on ! disguis$ hamm]man1 :o1 9 8 agitation1 /ruck a false bl[ ) ! sl$ge hamm]1 :i* broke ! %aft 9 two4 ,^u ?is1 "o ( ! pursu]s ru%$ at him1 call+ out1 ,ye're nae smy?6 ,! /alw>t hamm]man turn$ ^u 8 assailant1 &1 wr5*+ a dagg] f him1 spe$ily ov]p[]$ him4 ,! smi? himself1 arm$ ) a big hamm]1 effectually aid$ 9 ov]p[]+ & driv+ out ! ,d\glas m54 ,a p>ty ( ! royal =ces made _! appe>ance1 :5 ,naesmy? ralli$ !m1 l$ !m aga9/ ! rebels1 & conv]t$ :at _h be5 a tempor>y defeat into a victory4 ,a grant ( l&s 0 be/[$ ^u him = 8 s]vice4 ,8 armorial be>+s consi/$ ( a h& dext] ) a dagg]1 betwe5 two brok5 hamm]-%afts1 & !re !y rema9 to ?is day4 ,! motto 01 ,non arte sect m>te1 ,n by art b by w> ,9 my "t ,i h rev]s$ ! motto 7,non m>te s$ arte72 & in/ead ( ! brok5 hamm]-%afts1 ,i h adopt$1 n z my arms b z a device1 ! mo/ pot5t =m ( me*anical art--! ,/eam ,hamm]4 ,image ,orig9 ( ! ,"n4 ,by ,james ,nasmy?4 ,sir ,mi*ael ,naesmy?1 ,*amb]la9 ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,/4 ,&rews1 obta9$ ! l&s ( ,posso & ,gl5>? 9 #aedd1 by "r ( 8 wife1 ,elizabe?1 daught] & heiress ( ,john ,baird ( ,posso4 ,! ,bairds h ev] be5 a loyal & gallant family4 ,sir ,gilb]t1 fa!r ( ,john ,baird1 fell at ,flodd5 9 #aeac1 9 def5ce ( 8 k+4 ,! royal eyrie ( ,posso ,crag is on ! family e/ate2 & ! ,lure worn by ,que5 ,m>y1 & pres5t$ by h] son ,james ,,vi4 to ,james ,naesmy?1 ! ,royal ,falcon]1 is /ill pres]v$ z a family heirloom4 ,dur+ ! inte/9e tr\bles 9 ,scotl&1 9 ! reign ( ,m>y1 ,sir ,mi*ael ,naesmy? esp\s$ ! cause ( ! un=tunate ,que54 ,he f\ght "u h] bann] at ,langside 9 #aefh4 ,he 0 bani%$1 & 8 e/ates 7 seiz$ by ! ,reg5t ,moray4 ,b aft] ! re/oration ( peace1 ! ,naesmy?s rega9$ _! prop]ty4 ,sir ,mi*ael di$ at an advanc$ age4 ,he _h _m sons4 ,! elde/1 ,james1 m>ri$ ,joana1 daught] ( ,william ,veit* or ,le ,veit* ( ,dawick4 ,by ?is m>riage ! l&s ( ,dawick came into ! family4 ,he pr$eceas$ 8 fa!r1 & 0 succe$$ by 8 son ,james1 ! ,royal ,falcon] above ref]r$ to4 ,sir ,mi*ael's second son1 ,john1 0 *ief *irurgeon to ,james ,,vi4 ( ,scotl&1 aft]w>ds ,james ,i4 ( ,engl&1 & to ,h5ry1 ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,he di$ 9 ,london 9 #afac1 & 9 8 te/am5t he leaves 8 h]b to 8 "y ma/]1 ! ,pr9ce's grace4 ,*>les ,i41 9 8 in/ructions to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,c\rt ( ,session1 enjo9s t y take special notice ( ! *ildr5 ( ,john ,naesmy?1 s (t5 recomm5d$ by our late de> fa!r & u4 ,two ( ,sir ,mi*ael's o!r sons 7 kill$ at ,ed9burgh 9 #aehh1 9 a deadly feud betwe5 ! ,scotts & ! ,naesmy?s4 ,9 ^? days a sort ( ,corsican v5detta 0 c>ri$ on betwe5 families f "o g5]ation to ano!r4 ,sir ,mi*ael ,naesmy?1 son ( ! ,royal ,falcon]1 succe$$ to ! prop]ty4 ,8 elde/ son ,james 0 appo9t$ to s]ve 9 ,clav]h\se's troop ( horse 9 #afhd4 ,among ! o!r notable memb]s ( ! family 0 ,james ,naesmy?1 a v clev] lawy]4 ,he 0 suppos$ to be s deep t he 0 g5]ally kn[n z ! ,deil o' ,dawyk4 ,8 elde/ son 0 long a memb] ( ,p>liam5t = ! c\nty ( ,peebles2 he 01 besides1 a fam\s botani/1 hav+ /udi$ "u ,l9naeus1 ,among ! int]-m>riages ( ! family 7 ^? ) ! ,bruces ( ,le!n1 ! ,/ew>ts ( ,traquhair1 ! ,murrays ( ,/anhope1 ! ,pr+les ( ,clifton1 ! ,murrays ( ,philiphaugh1 ! ,kei?s 7( ! ,e>l ,m>is*al's family71 ! ,&]sons ( ,/4 ,g]ma9s1 ! ,m>joribanks ( ,lees1 & o!rs4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury a bran* ( ! ,naesmy?s ( ,posso settl$ at ,ne!rton1 ne> ,hamilton4 ,!y b\ght an e/ate & built a resid5ce4 ,! l&s adjo9$ "p ( ! ,duke ( ,hamilton's e/ate1 & ! h\se 0 n f> f ! palace4 ,!re ! ,naesmy?s rema9$ until ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,! ,k+1 or 8 advis]s1 det]m9$ to introduce ,episcopacy1 or1 z "s ?\ght1 ,roman ,ca?olicism1 into ! c\ntry1 & to en=ce x at ! po9t ( ! sword4 ,! ,naesmy?s _h always be5 loyal until n[4 ,b to be cleft by sword & prick$ by spe> into a religion :i* !y disbeliev$1 0 utt]ly hateful to ! ,ne!rton ,naesmy?s4 ,be+ ,presbyt]ians1 !y held to _! own fai?4 ,!y 7 prev5t$ f us+ _! *ur*es199 footnote444 ,9 ! reign ( ,james ,,ii4 ( ,engl& & ,james ,,vii4 ( ,scotl& a law 0 enact$1 t :oev] %\ld prea* 9 a conv5ticle "u a ro(1 or %\ld att5d1 ei!r z a prea*] or z a he>]1 a conv5ticle 9 ! op5 air1 %\ld be puni%$ ) dea? & confiscation ( prop]ty4 444 & !y accord+ly met on ! moors1 or 9 unfrequ5t$ places = wor%ip4 ,! diss5t+ ,presbyt]ians assum$ ! "n ( ,cov5ant]s4 ,hamilton 0 almo/ ! c5tre ( ! movem5t4 ,! ,cov5ant]s met1 & ! ,k+'s =ces 7 ord]$ to disp]se !m4 ,h5ce ! int]nec9e w> t foll[$4 ,!re 7 ,naesmy?s on bo? sides-- ,naesmy?s = ! ,k+1 & ,naesmy?s = ! ,cov5ant4 ,9 an e>ly engagem5t at ,drumclog1 ! ,cov5ant]s 7 victori\s4 ,!y beat back ,clav]h\se & 8 dragoons4 ,a g5]al ris+ took place 9 ! ,we/ ,c\ntry4 ,ab\t #fjjj m5 assembl$ at ,hamilton1 mo/ly raw & undiscipl9$ c\ntrym54 ,! ,k+'s =ces assembl$ to meet !m1 -- #aj1jjj well-discipl9$ troops1 ) a complete tra9 ( field artill]y4 ,:at *ance _h ! ,cov5ant]s aga9/ su* a =ce8 ,nev]!less1 !y met at ,bo?well ,bridge1 a few miles we/ ( ,hamilton4 ,x is unnecess>y to describe ! action499 footnote444 ,see ! acc\nt ( a ,cov5ant+ ,(fic] 9 ! ,app5dix to ! ,scots ,wor?ies4 ,see also ,sir ,wait] ,scott's ,old ,mortality1 :]e ! battle ( ,bo?well ,brig is describ$4 444 ,! ,cov5ant]s1 not)/&+ _! inf]ior =ce1 resi/$ ! cannonade & musketry ( ! enemy ) great c\rage4 ,!y def5d$ ! bridge until _! ammunition fail$4 ,:5 ! ,engli% ,gu>ds & ! artill]y cross$ ! bridge1 ! battle 0 lo/4 ,! ,cov5ant]s gave way1 & fl$ 9 all directions2 ,clav]h\se1 burn+ ) rev5ge = 8 defeat at ,drumclog1 made a t]rible slaught] ( ! unresi/+ fugitives4 ,"o ( my ance/ors br\ght f ! battlefield ! remnant ( ! /&>d2 a =midable musquet-- ,gun ,bo?well we aft]w>ds call$ x2 an ,&rea ,f]r>a2 & a p[d]-horn4 ,i /ill pres]ve ^! remnants ( ! civil w>4 ,my ance/or 0 condemn$ to dea? 9 8 abs5ce1 & 8 prop]ty at ,ne!rton 0 confiscat$4 ,:at became ( him dur+ ! rema9d] ( ,*>les ,,ii4's reign1 & ! reign ( t /ill great] torm5tor1 ,james ,,ii41 ,i d n "k4 ,he 0 probably1 l _m o!rs1 w&]+ ab\t f place to place1 hid+ 9 wild]nesses or caves1 de/itute1 afflict$1 & torm5t$4 ,! arrival ( ,william ,,iii4 re/or$ religi\s lib]ty to ! c\ntry1 & ,scotl& 0 aga9 left 9 comp>ative peace4 ,my ance/or took refuge 9 ,ed9burgh1 b he nev] recov]$ 8 prop]ty at ,ne!rton4 ,! ,duke ( ,hamilton1 "o ( ! trimm]s ( ! "t1 _h long covet$ ! possession ( ! l&s1 z ,ahab _h covet$ ,nabo?'s v9ey>d4 ,he took advantage ( ! conscription ( ! m5 engag$ 9 ! ,bo?well ,brig conflict1 & _h ! l&s =feit$ 9 8 fav\r4 ,i rememb] my fa!r tell+ me t1 on "o occasion :5 he visit$ ! ,duke ( ,hamilton 9 ref]5ce to "s improvem5t ( ! gr\nds adjo9+ ! palace1 he po9t$ out to ! ,duke ! ru9$ rema9s ( ! old resid5ce ( ! ,naesmy?s4 ,z ! fir/ ,fr5* ,revolution 0 !n 9 full progress1 :5 ideas ( society & prop]ty seem$ to h lo/ _! be>+s1 ! ,duke good-hum\r$ly obs]v$1 ,well1 well1 ,naesmy?1 !re's no say+ b :at1 "s ( ^! days1 y\r ance/ors' l&s may come into y\r possession aga96 ,be=e ,i quit ! p]secutions ( ! good old times1 ,i mu/ ref] to ! burn+ ( wit*es4 ,"o ( my anci5t k9swom51 ,elspe? ,naesmy?1 :o liv$ at ,hamilton1 0 d5\nc$ z a wit*4 ,! *ief evid5ce br\ght aga9/ h] 0 t %e kept f\r black cats1 & read h] ,bible ) two pairs ( spectacles6 a practice :i* %[s t %e possess$ ! _s ( an exp]im5tal philosoph]4 ,9 do+ ?is %e adopt$ a mode ( supplem5t+ ! p[] ( spectacles 9 re/or+ ! rec$+ p[] ( ! eyes4 ,%e 0 9 all respects sci5tifically correct4 ,%e increas$ ! magnify+ p[] ( ! glasses2 a practice :i* is pref]able to us+ s+le glasses ( ! same p[]1 & :i* ,i myself (t5 foll[4 ,not)/&+ ?is improv$ me?od ( read+ h] ,bible1 & h] f\r black cats1 %e 0 condemn$ to be burn$ alive6 ,%e 0 ab\t ! la/ victim 9 ,scotl& to ! disgraceful sup]/ition ( wit*craft4 ,! ,naesmy?s ( ,ne!rton hav+ lo/ _! ance/ral prop]ty1 _h to beg9 ! _w aga94 ,!y _h to beg9 at ! beg9n+4 ,b !y _h pl5ty ( pluck & en]gy4 ,i g back to my great-great-gr&fa!r1 ,mi*ael ,naesmy?1 :o 0 born 9 #afeb4 ,he occupi$ a h\se 9 ! ,grassm>ket1 ,ed9burgh1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds rebuilt1 9 #afif4 ,8 bus9ess 0 t ( a build] & ar*itect4 ,8 *ief employm5t 0 9 design+ & erect+ new mansions1 pr9cipally = ! l&$ g5try & nobility4 ,_! old ca/ellat$ h\ses or t[]s 7 f\nd too d>k & dre>y = mod]n uses4 ,! drawbridges 7 tak5 d[n1 & ! moats 7 fill$ up4 ,sometimes !y built ! new mansions z an addition to ! old4 ,b (t5] !y left ! old ca/les to g to ru92 or1 :at 0 worse1 !y made use ( ! /one & o!r mat]ials ( ! old romantic build+s = ! con/ruction ( _! new resid5ces4 ,mi*ael ,naesmy? acquir$ a high reputation = ! sub/antiality ( 8 "w4 ,8 masonry 0 excell5t1 z well z 8 woodwork4 ,! great] "p ( ! latt] 0 execut$ 9 8 own work%ops at ! back ( 8 h\se 9 ! ,grassm>ket4 ,8 l>ge y>d 0 situat$ betwe5 ! back ( ! h\se & ! high wall t b\nd$ ! ,greyfri>s ,*ur*y>d1to ! ea/ ( ! flight ( /eps :i* =ms ! ma9 approa* to ,george ,h]iot's ,hospital4 ,image ,mi*ael ,naesmy?'s ,h\se1 ,grassm>ket4,! l[] build+ at ! "r h& corn] ( ! engrav+1 ) ! ?ree project+ gable ends ,! la/ "w t ,mi*ael ,naesmy? 0 engag$ 9 co/ him 8 life4 ,he _h contract$ ) ! ,gov]nm5t to build a =t at ,inv]snaid1 at ! nor!rn end ( ,lo* ,lomond4 ,x 0 int5d$ to gu>d ! ,l[l&s1 & keep ,rob ,roy & 8 cat]ans )9 ! ,highl& ,bord]4 ,a promise 0 giv5 by ! ,gov]nm5t t dur+ ! progress ( ! "w a suitable =ce ( soldi]s %\ld be qu>t]$ close at h& to protect ! build] & 8 workm54 ,image ,inv]snaid ,=t4 ,aft] a draw+ by ,alex&] ,nasmy? ,not)/&+ _m :isp]$ w>n+s z to ! dang] ( und]tak+ su* a haz>d\s "w1 ,mi*ael ,naesmy? & 8 m5 encamp$ ^u ! spot1 ?\gh )\t ! protection ( ! ,gov]nm5t =ce4 ,hav+ erect$ a tempor>y resid5ce = _! accommodation1 he proce$$ ) ! build+ ( ! =t4 ,! "w 0 well advanc$ by ! end ( #agjc1 al?\gh ! ,gov]nm5t _h treat$ all ,naesmy?'s appeals = protection ) evasion or contempt4 ,w9t] set 9 ) its usual =ce 9 ^? nor!rn regions4 ,"o d>k & sn[y night1 :5 ,mi*ael & 8 m5 _h retir$ to re/1 a l\d knock+ 0 he>d at ! door4 ,:o's !re8 ask$ ,mi*ael4 ,a man outside repli$1 ,a b5ight$ travell] ov]t ak5 by ! /orm ,he proce$$ to implore help1 & begg$ = ,god's sake t he might h %elt] = ! night4 ,naesmy?1 9 ! full belief t ! travell]'s tale 0 true1 unbolt$ & unb>r$ ! door1 :5 9 ru%$ ,rob ,roy & 8 desp]ate gang4 ,! m51 ) ! dirks ( ! ,macgregors at _! ?roats1 begg$ h>d = _! lives4 ,?is 0 grant$ on condition t !y %\ld in/antly dep>t1 & take an oa? t !y %\ld nev] v5ture )9 ! ,highl& bord] aga94 ,mi*ael ,naesmy? & 8 m5 _h no alt]native b to submit1 & !y at once left ! bo?y ) su* scanty clo?+ z ! ,macgregors w\ld all[ !m to c>ry away4 ,!y 7 m>*$ "u an arm$ escort ?r\gh ! sn[/orm to ! ,highl& bord]1 & 7 !re left ) ! murd]\s ?reat t1 if !y ev] return$ to ! =t1 !y w\ld meet ) c]ta9 dea?4 ,ano!r attempt 0 made to build ! =t at ,inv]snaid4 ,b ,rob ,roy aga9 surpris$ ! small p>ty ( soldi]s :o 7 9 *>ge4 ,!y 7 dis>m$ & s5t ab\t _! bus9ess4 ,f9ally1 ! =t 0 rebuilt1 & plac$ "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 7aft]w>ds ,g5]al7 ,wolfe4 ,:5 peace fell ^u ! ,highl&s & ,rob ,roy's c\ntry became ! sc5e ( picnics1 ! =t 0 ab&on$ & all[$ to g to ru94 ,poor ,mi*ael nev] recov]$ f ! cold :i* he caught dur+ 8 =c$ retreat f ,inv]snaid4 ,! effects ( ?is1 toge!r ) ! loss & di/ress ( m9d :i* he exp]i5c$ f ! ,gov]nm5t's refusal to pay = 8 "w--not)/&+ _! promise to protect him & 8 workm5 f ! ,highl& freeboot]s--s prey$ ^u 8 m9d t he 0 nev] aga9 able to devote himself to bus9ess4 ,"o ev5+1 :il/ sitt+ at 8 fireside ) 8 gr&*ild on 8 knee1 a dea?-l fa9tness came ov] him2 he set ! *ild d[n c>efully by ! side ( 8 *air1 & !n fell =w>d dead on 8 he>?/one4 ,?us end$ ! life ( ,mi*ael ,naesmy? 9 #agje1 at ! age ( fifty-?ree4 ,he 0 buri$ by ! side ( 8 ance/ors 9 ! old family tomb 9 ! ,greyfri>s ,*ur*y>d4 ,image ,! ,naesmy? ,tomb 9 ,greyfri>s ,*ur*y>d ,?is old tomb1 dat$ #afad1 ?\gh mu* defac$1 is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! _m :i* surr\nd ! walls ( t anci5t & memorable bury+-place4 ,greyfri>s ,*ur*y>d is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ places 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,! ,national ,cov5ant 0 sign$ !re by ! ,prote/ant nobles & g5try ( ,scotl& 9 #afch4 ,! prison]s tak5 at ! battle ( ,bo?well ,brig 7 %ut up !re 9 #afgi1 &1 aft] endur+ great privations1 a portion ( ! survivors 7 s5t (f to ,b>badoes4 ,:5 ,i fir/ saw ! tomb/one1 an a% tree 0 gr[+ out ( ! top ( ! ma9 body ( x1 ?\gh t has s9ce be5 remov$4 ,9 gr[+1 ! roots _h pu%$ out ! c5tre /one1 :i* has n be5 replac$4 ,! tablet ov] x conta9s ! arms ( ! family1 ! brok5 hamm]-%afts1 & ! motto ,non arte s$ m>te4 ,!re are ! rema9s ( a v impressive figure1 app>5tly ris+ f h] c]em5ts4 ,! body & extremities rema91 b ! head has be5 brok5 away4 ,!re is also a rem>kable motto on ! tablet above ! tomb/one--,ars mihi vim contra ,=tunce2 :i* ,i take to be1 ,art is my /r5g? 9 cont5d+ aga9/ ,=tune1--a motto :i* is appropriate to my ance/ors z well z to myself4 ,! bus9ess 0 aft]w>ds c>ri$ on by ,mi*ael's son1 my great-gr&fa!r4 ,he 0 tw5ty-sev5 ye>s old at ! "t ( 8 fa!r's dea?1 & liv$ to ! age ( sev5ty-?ree4 ,he 0 a man ( mu* ability & ( l>ge exp]i5ce4 ,"o ( 8 great advantages 9 c>ry+ on 8 bus9ess 0 ! support ( a /aff ( able & tru/wor?y =em5 & workm54 ,! times 7 v diff]5t !n f :at !y are n[4 ,ma/]s & m5 liv$ toge!r 9 mutual h>mony4 ,!re 0 a k9d ( loyal family atta*m5t among !m1 :i* ext5d$ ?r\gh _m g5]ations4 ,workm5 _h nei!r ! desire nor ! means to %ift ab\t f place to place4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y settl$ d[n ) _! wives & families 9 h\ses ( _! own1 close to ! work%ops ( _! employ]s4 ,"w 0 f\nd = !m 9 ! dull seasons :5 trade 0 slack1 & 9 summ] !y sometimes remov$ to jobs at a di/ance f headqu>t]s4 ,mu* ( ?is feel+ ( atta*m5t & loyalty betwe5 workm5 & _! employ]s has n[ expir$4 ,m5 rapidly remove f place to place4 ,"* is ( little consequ5ce4 ,! mutual feel+ ( goodwill & zeal\s att5tion to "w seems to h pass$ away4 ,my gr&fa!r1 ,mi*ael ,naesmy?1 succe$$ to ! bus9ess 9 #agea4 ,he m ?an ma9ta9$ ! reputation ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,! collection ( fir/-class works on ar*itecture :i* he possess$1 su* z ! folio editions ( ,vitruvius & ,palladio1 :i* 7 at t "t bo? r>e & de>1 %[$ ! reg>d he _h = impress+ into 8 designs ! be/ /&>ds ( ta/e4 ,! build+s he design$ & erect$ = ! ,scot* nobility & g5try 7 well arrang$1 c>efully execut$1 & ?or\ghly sub/antial4 ,he 0 also a l>ge build] 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,among/ ! h\ses he erect$ 9 ! ,old ,t[n 7 ! pr9cipal numb] ( ^? 9 ,george ,squ>e4 ,9 "o ( ^!1 ,no4 #be1 ,sir ,walt] ,scott sp5t 8 boyhood & y\?4 ,!y /ill exi/1 & exhibit ! c>e :i* he took 9 ! elegance & sub/antiality ( 8 works4 ,i rememb] my fa!r po9t+ out to me ! extreme c>e & att5tion ) :i* he f9i%$ 8 build+s4 ,he ins]t$ small fragm5ts ( basalt into ! mort> ( ! ext]nal jo9ts ( ! /ones1 at close & regul> di/ances1 9 ord] to protect ! mort> f ! adv]se action ( ! wea!r4 ,& to ?is day !y give pro( ( _! effici5cy4 ,! basalt protects ! jo9ts1 & at ! same "t gives a neat & pleas+ effect to :at w\ld o!rwise h be5 m]ely ! monoton\s l9e ( mason-"w4 ,a great *ange 0 ab\t to take place 9 ! resid5ces ( ! pr9cipal p ( ,ed9burgh4 ,! cry 0 = m light & m air4 ,! ext5sion ( ! city to ! s\? & we/ 0 n suffici5t4 ,!re 0 a great plateau ( gr\nd on ! nor? side ( ! city1 beyond ! ,nor? ,lo*4 ,b x 0 v difficult to rea*2 be+ alike /eep on bo? sides ( ! ,lo*4 ,at l5g?1 9 #agfg1 an ,act 0 obta9$ to ext5d ! royalty ( ! city ov] ! nor!rn fields1 & p[]s 7 obta9$ to erect a bridge to connect !m ) ! ,old ,t[n4 ,! magi/rates _h ! greate/ difficulty 9 induc+ ! inhabitants to build dwell+s on ! nor!rn side ( ! city4 ,a premium 0 (f]$ to ! p]son :o %\ld build ! fir/ h\se2 & #bj 0 aw>d$ to ,mr4 ,john ,"y on acc\nt ( a mansion erect$ by him close to ,george ,/reet4 ,exemption f burghal taxes 0 also grant$ to a g5tleman :o built ! fir/ h\se 9 ,pr9ces ,/reet4 ,my gr&fa!r built ! fir/ h\se 9 ! s\?-we/ corn] ( ,/4 ,&rew ,squ>e1 = ! occupation ( ,david ,hume ! hi/orian1 z well z ! two mo/ important h\ses 9 ! c5tre ( ! nor? side ( ! same squ>e4 ,"o ( ^! la/ 0 occupi$ by ! v5]able ,dr4 ,hamilton1 a v conspicu\s "* 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,he cont9u$ to we> ! cock$ hat1 ! p[d]$ pigtail1 tights1 & l>ge %oe buckles1 = ab\t sixty ye>s aft] ?is co/ume _h become obsolete4 ,all ^! h\ses are /ill 9 p]fect condition1 aft] resi/+ ! ord9>y te> & we> ( upw>ds ( a hundr$ & t5 nor!rn w9t]s4 ,! opposition to build+ h\ses across ! ,nor? ,lo* soon ceas$2 & ! ,new ,t[n arose1 gr[+ f day to day1 until ,ed9burgh became "o ( ! mo/ h&some & picturesque cities 9 ,europe4 ,!re is "o o!r ?+ t ,i mu/ aga9 ref] to ! highly-f9i%$ "* ( my gr&fa!r's "w4 ,no?+ m]ely mod]ate w\ld d4 ,! "w mu/ be ( ! v be/4 ,he took special pride 9 ! s\nd quality ( ! woodwork & its c>eful workman%ip4 ,he *ose ! be/ ,dantzic timb] because ( its be+ ( pur] gra9 & fre] f knots ?an o!r wood4 ,9 ^? days ! l[] "p ( ! walls ( ! ap>tm5ts 7 wa9scot$--t is1 cov]$ by timb] fram$ 9 l>ge panels4 ,!y 7 f ?ree to f\r feet wide1 & f six to eight feet high4 ,to fit ^! 9 prop]ly requir$ ! mo/ c>eful jo9]-"w4 ,x 0 always a holiday treat to my fa!r1 :5 a boy1 to be p]mitt$ to g d[n to ,lei? to see ! %ips dis*>ge _! c>goes ( timb]4 ,my gr&fa!r _h a ,wood-y>d at ,lei?1 :]e ! timb] select$ by him 0 pil$ up to he season$ & %runk1 be=e be+ work$ into its appropriate uses4 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly c>eful 9 8 selection ( bo>ds or /ripes = floors1 :i* mu/ be p]fectly level1 s z to avoid ! de/ruction ( ! c>pets plac$ ov] !m4 ,! hang+ ( 8 doors 0 a matt] t he took great pride 9--s z to prev5t any uneasy action 9 op5+ or clos+4 ,8 own *amb] doors 7 s well hung t !y 7 capable ( be+ op5$ & clos$ by ! slight puff ( a h&-bell[s4 ,! excell5ce ( my gr&fa!r's workman%ip 0 a ?+ t my own fa!r always impress$ ^u me :5 a boy4 ,x /imulat$ 9 me ! desire to aim at excell5ce 9 ev]y?+ t ,i und]took2 & 9 all practical matt]s to arrive at ! highe/ degree ( good workman%ip4 ,i believe t ^! e>ly lessons _h a great influ5ce ^u my future c>e]4 ,i h little to record ( my gr&mo!r4 ,f all acc\nts %e 0 ev]y?+ t a wife & "m %\ld be4 ,my fa!r (t5 ref]r$ to h] z an example ( ! affection & love ( a wife to h] husb&1 & ( a "m to h] *ildr54 ,! only relic ,i possess ( h] h&iwork is a sampl]1 dat$ #agdc1 ! ne$lework ( :i* is s delicate & neat1 t to me x seems to excel ev]y?+ ( ! k9d t ,i h se54 ,i am fa9 to ?9k t h] delicate manipulation 9 "s respects desc5d$ to h] gr&*ildr51 z all ( !m h be5 m or less di/+ui%$ = ! delicate use ( _! f+]s--:i* has s mu* to d ) ! effective transmission ( ! arti/ic faculty into visible =ms4 ,! p[] ( transmitt+ to pap] or canvas ! arti/ic conceptions ( ! bra9 ?r\gh ! f+]s1 & out at ! end ( ! ne$le1 ! p5cil1 ! p51 ! bru%1 or ev5 ! modell+ tool or *isel1 is t :i*1 9 practical fact1 con/itutes ! true arti/4 ,?is may appe> a digression2 ?\gh ,i _c look at my gr&mo!r's sampl] )\t ?9k+ t %e _h mu* to d ) orig9at+ ! ,naesmy? love ( ! ,f9e ,arts1 & _! h]$it>y adroitness 9 ! practice ( l&scape & portrait pa9t+1 & o!r bran*es ( ! pr(ession4 ,my gr&fa!r di$ 9 #ahjc1 at ! age ( eighty-f\r1 & 0 buri$ by 8 fa!r's side 9 ! ,naesmy? ance/ral tomb 9 ,greyfri>s ,*ur*y>d4 ,8 wife1 ,m>y ,&]son1 :o di$ be=e him1 0 buri$ 9 ! same place4 ,mi*ael ,naesmy? left two sons--,mi*ael & ,alex&]4 ,! elde/ 0 born 9 #aged4 ,x 0 int5d$ t he %\ld h succe$$ to ! bus9ess2 &1 inde$1 z soon z he rea*$ manhood he 0 8 fa!r's "r-h& man4 ,he 0 a skilful workman1 especially 9 ! f9] p>ts ( jo9]-"w4 ,he 0 also an excell5t acc\ntant & bookkeep]4 ,b hav+ acquir$ a ta/e = read+ books ab\t voyages & travels1 ( :i* 8 fa!r's libr>y 0 well suppli$1 8 m9d became di/urb$1 & he det]m9$ to see some?+ ( ! _w4 ,he 0 enc\rag$ by "o ( 8 old companions1 :o _h be5 to sea1 & realis$ "s sub/antial results by 8 voyages to =eign p>ts4 ,accord+ly ,mi*ael1 not)/&+ ! e>ne/ remon/rances ( 8 fa!r1 accompani$ 8 fri5d on ! next occasion :5 he w5t to sea4 ,aft] sev]al voyages to ! ,we/ ,indies & o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 :i* bo? gratifi$ & /imulat$ 8 natural ta/e = adv5tures1 & also prov$ f9ancially successful1 8 trad+ v5tures at la/ met ) a sad rev]se1 & he resolv$ to ab&on comm]ce1 & ent] ! s]vice ( ! ,royal ,navy4 ,he 0 made purs]1 & 9 ?is position he ent]$ ^u a new s]ies ( adv5tures4 ,he 0 pres5t at _m naval engagem5ts4 ,b he lo/ nei!r life nor limb4 ,at la/ he 0 p5sion$1 & became a resid5t at ,gre5wi* ,hospital4 ,he furni%$ 8 ap>tm5ts ) all mann] ( curiosities1 su* z 8 rov+ naval life _h enabl$ him to collect4 ,8 orig9al skill z a work] 9 wood came to life aga94 ,! ta/e ( ! workman & ! h&9ess ( ! seaman enabl$ him to furni% 8 rooms at ! ,hospital 9 a mo/ qua9t & amus+ mann]4 ,my fa!r _h a mo/ affectionate reg>d = ,mi*ael1 & usually sp5t "s days ) him :5 he _h occasion to visit ,london4 ,"o bright summ] day !y w5t to h a /roll toge!r on ,blackhea?2 & :ile my uncle 0 enjoy+ a nap on a grassy knoll1 my fa!r made a sket* ( him1 :i* ,i /ill pres]ve4 ,be+ ( a mo/ *e]ful disposition1 & hav+ a great knack ( detail+ ! incid5ts ( 8 adv5tur\s life1 he became a great fav\rite ) ! resid5t (fic]s ( ! ,hospital2 & 0 always reg>d$ by !m z real good company4 ,he end$ 8 days !re 9 peace & com=t1 9 #ahai1 at ! age ( sixty-f\r4 ,,*apt] #b4 ,alex&] ,nasmy? ,my fa!r1 ,alex&] ,nasmy?1 0 ! second son ( ,mi*ael ,nasmy?4 ,he 0 born 9 8 fa!r's h\se 9 ! ,grassm>ket on ! #i? ( ,septemb] #ageh4 ,! ,grassm>ket 0 !n a lively place4 ,on c]ta9 days ( ! week x 0 busy ) %eep & cattle fairs4 ,x 0 ! c5tre ( ,ed9burgh traffic4 ,mo/ ( ! inns 7 situat$ !re1 or 9 ! /reet lead+ up to ! ,greyfri>s ,*ur* gate4 ,! view f my gr&fa!r's h\se 0 v gr&4 ,/&+ up1 "r opposite1 0 ! /eep ,ca/le rock1 ) its cr[n build+s & circul> batt]y t[]+ high ov]head4 ,!y seem$ almo/ to hang ov] ! v]ge ( ! rock4 ,! h\ses on ! opposite side ( ! ,grassm>ket 7 cr[d$ "u ! esplanade ( ! ,ca/le ,hill4 ,!re 0 an inn opposite ! h\se :]e my fa!r 0 born1 f :i* ! fir/ coa* />t$ f ,ed9burgh to ,newca/le4 ,! public notice /at$ t ,! ,coa* w\ld set out f ! ,grass ,m>ket ilka ,tuesday at ,twa o'clock 9 ! day1 ,,god ,,wull9'1 b :e!r or no on ,w$nesday4 ,! :e!r or no 0 meant1 ,i presume1 z a precaution to pass5g]s1 9 case all ! places on ! coa* might be tak51 or n1 on ,w$nesday1 ,image ,plan ( ! ,grassm>ket ,! ,grassm>ket 0 also ! place = public executions4 ,! gibbet /one 0 at ! ea/ end ( ! ,m>ket4 ,x consi/$ ( a mass ( solid s&/one1 ) a quadrangul> hole 9 ! middle1 :i* s]v$ z a socket = ! gall[s4 ,mo/ ( ! ,cov5ant]s :o 7 execut$ = consci5ce' sake 9 ! reigns ( ,*>les ,,ii4 & ,james ,,ii4 brea!d _! la/ at ?is spot4 ,! ,porte\s mob1 9 #agcf1 _h its culm9ation "h4 ,:5 ,capta9 ,porte\s 0 dragg$ out ( ! ,tolboo? 9 ! ,high ,/reet & hurri$ d[n ! ,we/ ,b[1 ! gall[s 0 n 9 its place2 b ! lead]s ( ! mob hang$ him f a dy]'s pole1 ne>ly opposite ! gall[s /one1 on ! s\? side ( ! /reet1 n f> f my gr&fa!r's door99 footnote444 ,see ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian 444 ,i h n mu* to say ab\t my fa!r's education4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 he 0 8 own s*oolma/]4 ,i h he>d him say t 8 "m taught him 8 ,a ,b ,c2 & t he aft]w>ds le>n$ to read at ,mammy ,smi?'s4 ,?is old lady kept a s*ool = boys & girls at ! top ( a h\se 9 ! ,grassm>ket4 ,!re my fa!r 0 taught to re> 8 ,bible1 & to repeat 8 ,c>rit*499 footnote444 ,! ,%ort] ,cate*ism4 444 ,z x 0 only ! bigg] boys :o c\ld read ! ,bible1 ! /ronge/ ( !m consummat$ ! feat by climb+ up ! ,ca/le rock1 & rea*+ :at !y call$ ,! ,bibl]'s ,seat4 ,x mu/ h be5 a break-neck adv5ture to get up to ! place4 ,! seat 0 almo/ imm$iately "u ! w9d[ ( ! room 9 :i* ,james ,,vi 0 born4 ,my fa!r (t5 po9t$ x out to me z "o ( ! mo/ dang]\s bits ( climb+ 9 :i* he _h be5 engag$ 9 8 y\ng] ye>s4 ,image ,! ,bibl]'s seat ,! annex$ illu/ration is f 8 own slight sepia draw+2 ! ,bibl]'s ,seat is m>k$ ,n s d>+1 b mu* m mis*iev\s1 0 a trick :i* he play$ ) "s ( 8 companions on ! tops ( ! h\ses on ! nor? side ( ! ,grassm>ket4 ,! boys took a b>rel to ! ,ca/lehill1 fill$ x ) small /ones1 & !n %ot x d[n t[>ds ! ro(s ( ! h\ses 9 ! ,grassm>ket4 ,! b>rel leapt f rock to rock1 bur/1 & scatt]$ a %[] ( /ones f> & wide4 ,! fun 0 to see ! boddies look out ( _! g>ret w9d[s ) _! light$ lamps or c&les1 pe] into ! d>k1 & try to see :at 0 ! cause ( ! mis*ief4 ,sir ,david ,baird1 ! h]o ( ,s]+apatam1 play$ a trick ( ! same k9d be=e he w5t to ,india4 ,among my fa!r's fav\rite companions 7 ! two sons ( ,dr4 ,john ,ersk9e1 m9i/] ( ,old ,greyfri>s1 9 conjunction ) ! equally celebrat$ ,dr4 ,rob]tson4 ,dr4 ,ersk9e99 footnote444 ,dr4 ,ersk9e is well describ$ by ,scott 9 ,guy ,mann]+1 on ! occasion :5 ,pleydell & ,mann]+ w5t to he> him prea* a fam\s s]mon4 444 0 a man ( great influ5ce 9 8 day1 well kn[n = 8 lit]>y & !ological works1 z well z = 8 piety & practical b5evol5ce4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 my fa!r 0 at play ) 8 sons1 "o ( !m ?rew a /one1 :i* sma%$ a neighb\r's w9d[4 ,a s]vant ( ! h\se ran out1 & see+ ! culprit1 call$ out1 ,v wee61 ,mai/] ,ersk9e1 ,i'll tell ye] fai!r :a broke ! w9dae6 ,on :i* ! boy1 to ?r[ h] (f ! sc5t1 said to 8 bro!r l\dly1 ,eh1 kei/6 %e ?9ks we're ! boddy ,ersk9e's sons4 ,! boddy ,ersk9e6 ,:o ev] he>d ( su* an irrev]5t nickname appli$ to t good & great man8 ,! laddies c\ldna be 8 sons1 ?\ght ! woman4 ,%e made no fur!r inquiry1 & ! boys escap$ scot free4 ,! culprit aft]w>ds ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company4 ,! boy 0 fa!r to ! man4 ,he acquir$ great reputation at ! siege ( ,s]+apatam1 :]e he l$ ! =lorn hope4 ,ersk9e 0 promot$1 until 9 c\rse ( "t he return$ to 8 native city a full-bl[n g5]al4 ,to return to my fa!r's education4 ,aft] he left ,mammy ,smi?'s1 he w5t = a %ort "t to ! orig9al ,high ,s*ool4 ,x 0 an old e/abli%m5t1 f\nd$ by ,james ,,vi4 be=e he succe$$ to ! ,engli% ?rone1 ,x 0 aft]w>ds demoli%$ to make room = ! ,univ]sity build+s2 & ! new ,high ,s*ool 0 erect$ a little bel[ ! old ,royal ,infirm>y4 ,aft] leav+ ! ,high ,s*ool1 ,alex&] ,nasmy? 0 taught by 8 fa!r1 fir/ ari?metic & m5suration1 next geometry & ma!matics1 s f> z ! fir/ ?ree books ( ,euclid 7 conc]n$4 ,aft] t1 8 own innate skill1 ability1 & indu/ry enabl$ him to complete ! re/ ( 8 education4 ,at a v e>ly p]iod my fa!r exhibit$ a decid$ natural ta/e = art4 ,he us$ 8 p5cil freely 9 sket*+ f nature2 & 9 c\rse ( "t he %[$ equal skill 9 ! use ( oil col\r4 ,at 8 own e>ne/ reque/ he 0 b\nd appr5tice to ,mr4 ,crighton1 !n ! *ief coa*build] 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,he 0 employ$ 9 t special dep>tm5t :]e arti/ic ta/e 0 necess>y--t is1 9 decorat+ ! panels ( ! highe/ class ( c>riages1 & pa9t+ ^u !m coats ( arms1 ) _! cre/s & support]s4 ,he took great pleasure 9 ?is k9d ( "w4 ,x introduc$ him to ! practical details ( h]aldry1 & gave him comm& ov] 8 mat]ials4 ,/ill fur!r to improve himself 9 ! art ( draw+1 my fa!r devot$ 8 ev5+s to att5d+ ! ,ed9burgh ,draw+ ,academy4 ,?is in/itution1 t]m$ ,! ,tru/ees' ,academy ( ,f9e ,art1 _h be5 =m$ & support$ by ! funds aris+ f ! e/ates confiscat$ aft] ! rebellions ( #agae & #agde4 ,"p ( ^! funds 0 set ap>t by ,gov]nm5t = ! enc\ragem5t ( draw+1 & also = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! arts ( l95 weav+1 c>pet manufacture1 & o!r indu/rial occupations4 ,^! arts 7 introduc$ into ,scotl& by ! ,fr5* ,prote/ants1 :o _h be5 p]secut$ = consci5ce' sake out ( _! own c\ntry1 & settl$ 9 ,engl&1 ,irel&1 & ,scotl&1 :]e !y prosecut$ _! indu/rial call+s4 ,! ,corporation 0 anxi\s to af=d an asylum = ^! skill$ & able workm54 ,! emigrants settl$ d[n ) _! families1 & pursu$ _! occupations ( damask1 l951 & c>pet weav+4 ,!y 7 also requir$ to take ,scot* appr5tices1 & tea* !m ! v>i\s bran*es ( _! trade4 ,! ,magi/rates caus$ cottages & work%ops to be erect$ on a piece ( unoccupi$ l& ne> ,ed9burgh1 :]e ! /reet appropriately call$ ,pic>dy ,place n[ /&s1--! great] numb] ( ! weav]s hav+ come f ,pic>dy 9 ,france4 ,9 connection ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ^! indu/rial artisans1 x 0 necess>y to tea* ! "y ,scot* appr5tices draw+1 = ! purpose ( design+ new patt]ns suitable = ! m>ket4 ,h5ce ! e/abli%m5t by ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,=feit$ ,e/ate ,funds ( ,! ,academy ( ,f9e ,art4 ,f ! design+ ( patt]ns1 ! in/itution advanc$ to ! improvem5t ( ! f9e arts g5]ally4 ,"y m5 :o _h giv5 pro(s ( _! natural ta/e = draw+ 7 invit$ to ent] ! s*ool & p>ticipate 9 its b5efits4 ,at ! "t t my fa!r 0 appr5tic$ to ! coa* pa9t]1 ! ,tru/ees' ,academy 0 manag$ by ,alex&] ,runciman4 ,he _h orig9ally be5 a h\se pa9t]1 f :i* bus9ess he proce$$ to l&scape pa9t+4 ,o!r arti/s1 said "o :o knew him1 talk$ meat & dr9k2 b ,runciman talk$ l&scape4 ,he w5t to ,rome & /udi$ art !re4 ,he return$ to ,ed9burgh1 & devot$ himself to hi/orical pa9t+4 ,he 0 also promot$ to ! (fice ( ma/] ( ! ,tru/ees' ,academy4 ,:5 my fa!r call$ ^u him ) 8 draw+s f nature1 ,runciman f\nd !m s satisfactory t he 0 at once admitt$ z a /ud5t4 ,aft] 8 admission he began to /udy ) int5se eag]ness4 ,! "y m5 :o _h be5 occupi$ at _! bus9ess dur+ ! day c\ld only att5d 9 ! ev5+4 ,& ?us ! ev5+s 7 fix$ = /udy+ draw+ & design4 ,! ,tru/ees' ,academy made its m>k ^u ! art ( ,scotl&3 x turn$ out _m arti/s ( great note -- su* z ,raeburn1 ,wilkie1 my fa!r1 & _m m4 ,at ! "t :5 my fa!r ent]$ z a /ud5t1 ! /ock ( ca/s f ! antique1 & ! numb] ( draw+s f ! old ma/]s1 7 v small2 s mu* s1 inde$1 t ,runciman 0 "u ! necessity ( sett+ ! /ud5ts to copy !m aga9 & aga94 ,?is became r irksome to ! m ard5t pupils4 ,my fa!r _h complet$ 8 six? copy ( a f9e *alk draw+ ( ,! ,laocoon4 ,x 0 !n set = him to copy aga94 ,he begg$ ,mr4 ,runciman = ano!r subject4 ,! quick-temp]$ man at once said1l'll give y ano!r subject4 ,& turn+ ! gr\p ( ! ,laocoon upside d[n1 he add$1 ,n[1 !n1 copy t6 ,! pati5t y\? set to "w1 & 9 a few ev5+s complet$ a p]fect copy4 ,x 0 a mo/ sev]e te/2 b ,runciman 0 s pr\d ( ! skill ( 8 pupil t he _h ! draw+ m\nt$ & fram$1 ) a note ( ! circum/ances "u :i* x _h be5 produc$4 ,x cont9u$ to hang !re = _m ye>s1 & ! /ory ( its a*ievem5t became traditional 9 ! s*ool4 ,dur+ all ?is "t my fa!r rema9$ 9 ! employm5t ( ,crighton ! c>riage build]4 ,he improv$ 9 8 pa9t+ day by day4 ,b at l5g? an important *ange took place 9 8 c>e]4 ,allan ,ramsay1 son ( ! au?or ( ,! ,g5tle ,%eph]d1 & !n c\rt pa9t] to ,george ,,iii41 call$ ^u 8 old fri5d ,crighton "o day1 to look ov] 8 works4 ,!re he f\nd "y ,nasmy? pa9t+ a coat ( arms on ! panel ( a c>riage4 ,he 0 s mu* surpris$ ) ! lad's arti/ic workman%ip--= he 0 !n only sixte5--t he =m$ a /rong desire to take him into 8 s]vice4 ,aft] mu* p]suasion1 back$ by ! (f] ( a consid]able sum ( money1 ! coa*build] 0 at l5g? induc$ to transf] my fa!r's ind5tures to ,allan ,ramsay4 ,x 01 ( c\rse1 a great delight to my fa!r to be remov$ to ,london "u su* fav\rable auspices4 ,ramsay _h a l>ge connection z a portrait pa9t]4 ,8 object 9 employ+ my fa!r 0 t he %\ld assi/ him 9 ! execution ( ! subord9ate p>ts1 or dress portions1 ( portraits ( c\rti]s1 or ( diplomatic p]sonages4 ,no m fav\rable opportunity = advancem5t c\ld h pres5t$ itself4 ,b all ?is 0 entirely due to my fa!r's p]sev]ance & advanc+ skill z an arti/--! results ( 8 /eady application & lab\r4 ,ramsay possess$ a v f9e collection ( draw+s by ! old ma/]s1 all ( :i* 7 free = my fa!r to /udy4 ,ramsay 0 exce$+ly k9d to 8 "y pupil4 ,he 0 pres5t at all ! discussions 9 ! /udio1 ev5 :5 ! sitt]s 7 pres5t4 ,fell[-arti/s visit$ ,ramsay f "t to "t4 ,among !m 0 8 intimate fri5d ,philip ,re9agle--an agreeable companion1 & an excell5t arti/4 ,re9agle 0 "o day s mu* /ruck ) my fa!r's e>ne/ness 9 fill+ up "s "w1 t he !n & !re got up a canvas & made a capital sket*-portrait ( him 9 oil4 ,x only came into my fa!r's possession "s ye>s aft] ,ramsay's dea?1 & is n[ 9 my possession4 ,image ,alex&] ,nasmy?4 ,aft] ,re9agle's ,portrait ,among ! _m amus+ recollections ( my fa!r's life 9 ,london1 !re is "o t ,i _c resi/ n>rat+1 because x %[s 8 faculty ( res\rcefulness--a faculty :i* s]v$ him v usefully dur+ 8 c\rse ?r\gh life4 ,he _h made an engagem5t ) a swee!>t to take h] to ,ranelagh1 "o ( ! mo/ fa%ionable places ( public amusem5t 9 ,london4 ,ev]ybody w5t 9 full dress1 & ! bucks & swells wore long /rip$ silk /ock+s4 ,my fa!r1 on se>*+1 f\nd t he _h only "o pair ( silk /ock+s left4 ,he wa%$ !m himself 9 8 lodg+-room1 & hung !m up be=e ! fire to dry4 ,:5 he w5t to look at !m1 !y 7 s s+$ & burnt t he c\ld n put !m on4 ,!y 7 totally useless4 ,9 ?is sad dilemma 8 res\rcefulness came to 8 aid4 ,! happy idea occurr$ to him ( pa9t+ 8 legs s z to resemble /ock+s4 ,he w5t to 8 wat]-col\r box1 & dext]\sly pa9t$ !m ) black & :ite /ripes4 ,:5 ! pa9t dri$1 :i* x soon did1 he complet$ 8 toilet1 met 8 swee!>t & w5t to ,ranelagh4 ,no "o obs]v$ ! diff]5ce1 except1 inde$1 t he 0 complim5t$ on ! p]fection ( ! fit1 & 0 ask$ :]e he b\ght 8 /ock+s8 ,( c\rse he evad$ ! "q1 & left ! g>d5s )\t any "o discov]+ 8 arti/ic trick4 ,my fa!r rema9$ 9 ,allan ,ramsay's s]vice until ! end ( #aggh1 :5 he return$ to ,ed9burgh to practise on 8 own behalf ! pr(ession ( portrait pa9t]4 ,he took ) him ! k9de/ good-wi%es ( 8 ma/]1 ^: fri5d%ip he reta9$ to ! end ( ,ramsay's life4 ,! arti/ic /yle ( my fa!r's portraits1 & ! excell5t lik5esses ( 8 sitt]s1 soon obta9$ = him ample employm5t4 ,8 portraits 7 = ! mo/ "p full-l5g?s1 b ( a small or cab9et size4 ,!y g5]ally consi/$ ( family gr\ps1 ) ! figures ab\t twelve to f\rte5 in*es high4 ,! gr\ps 7 g5]ally treat$ & arrang$ z if ! p]sonages 7 engag$ 9 conv]sation ) _! *ildr52 & sometimes a fav\rite s]vant 0 introduc$1 s z to remove any =mal aspect 9 ! composition ( ! picture4 ,9 ord] to enliv5 ! backgr\nd1 "s fav\rite view f ! g>d5 or gr\nds1 or a l&scape1 0 giv52 :i* 0 pa9t$ ) z mu* c>e z if x 0 ! ma9 feature ( ! picture4 ,_m ( ^! pa9t+s are /ill to be f\nd 9 ! h\ses ( ! g5try 9 ,scotl&4 ,good examples ( 8 art are to be se5 at ,m9to ,h\se1 ! seat ( ! ,e>l ( ,m9to1 & at ,dalm5y ,p>k1 ! seat ( ! ,e>l ( ,roseb]y4 ,among my fa!r's e>ly employ]s 0 ,patrick ,mill]1 ,esq41 ( ,dalsw9ton1 9 ,dumfries%ire4 ,he pa9t$ ,mr4 ,mill]'s portrait z well z ^? ( sev]al memb]s ( 8 family4 ,?is int]c\rse ev5tually l$ to ! e/abli%m5t ( a v w>m p]sonal fri5d%ip betwe5 !m4 ,mill] _h made a l>ge =tune 9 ,ed9burgh z a bank]2 & aft] he _h p>tially retir$ f bus9ess1 he devot$ mu* ( 8 sp>e "t to useful purposes4 ,he 0 a man ( great en]gy ( "*1 & 0 nev] idle4 ,at fir/ he appli$ himself to ! improvem5t ( agriculture1 :i* he did ) great success on 8 e/ate ( ,dalsw9ton4 ,be+ "o ( ! l>ge/ %>ehold]s 9 ! ,c>ron ,ironworks ne> ,/irl+1 he also devot$ mu* ( 8 "t to ! improvem5t ( guns = ! ,royal ,navy4 ,he 0 ! inv5tor ( t fam\s gun ! ,c>ronade4 ,! h&9ess ( ^! %ort & effective guns1 :i* 7 capable ( be+ load$ & fir$ ne>ly twice z quickly z ! long small-bore guns1 gave ,engl& ! victory 9 _m a naval battle1 :]e ! fir+ 0 close & quick1 y>d>m to y>d>m4 ,b ,mr4 ,mill]'s greate/ claim to fame arises f 8 endeav\rs to introduce /eam-p[] z an ag5t 9 ! propulsion ( %ips at sea4 ,mr4 ,cl]k ( ,eld9 _h already inv5t$ ! sy/em ( break+ ! l9e 9 naval engagem5ts--a sy/em t 0 fir/ practis$ ) complete success by ,"l ,rodney 9 8 engagem5t (f ,m>t9ico 9 #aghj4 ,! subject int]e/$ ,mr4 ,mill] s mu* t he set himself to "w to contrive "s me*anical me?od by means ( :i* %ips ( w> might be set 9 motion1 indep5d5tly ( w9d1 tide1 or calms1 s t ,cl]k's sy/em ( break+ ! l9e might be c>ri$ into effect "u all circum/ances4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t t my fa!r 0 (t5 ) ,mill]2 & ! me*anical devices by means ( :i* ! me?od ( break+ ! l9e c\ld be be/ accompli%$ 0 ! subject ( _m ( _! conv]sations4 ,mill] f\nd t my fa!r's ta/e = me*anical contrivances1 & 8 ready skill z a draughtsman1 7 likely to be ( mu* use to him1 & he con/antly visit$ ! /udio4 ,my fa!r r$uc$ ,mill]'s ideas to a def9ite =m1 & prep>$ a s]ies ( draw+s1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds engrav$ & publi%$4 ,mill]'s fav\rite design 01 to divide ! vessel into tw9 or triple hulls1 ) paddles betwe5 !m1 to be work$ by ! crew4 ,! pr9cipal exp]im5t 0 made 9 ! ,fir? ( ,=? on ! #b;d ( ,june #aghg4 ,! vessel 0 d\ble-hull$1 & 0 work$ by a cap/an ( five b>s4 ,! exp]im5t 0 on ! :ole successful4 ,b ! *ief difficulty 0 9 ! propulsive p[]4 ,aft] a spurt ( an h\r or s1 ! m5 became tir$ ) _! labori\s "w4 ,mr4 ,taylor1 /ud5t ( div9ity1 & tutor ( ,mr4 ,mill]'s sons1 0 on bo>d1 & see+ ! exhau/$ /ate ( ! m5 at ! cap/an1 sugge/$ ! employm5t ( /eam-p[]4 ,mr4 ,mill] 0 pleas$ ) ! idea1 & resolv$ to make inquiry ^u ! subject4 ,at t "t ,william ,sym+ton1 a "y eng9e] f ,wanlockhead1 0 exhibit+ a road locomotive 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,he 0 a fri5d ( ,taylor's1 & ,mr4 ,mill] w5t to see ! ,sym+ton model4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 conv]sation ) ! inv5tor1 he in=m$ ! latt] ( 8 own project1 & describ$ ! difficulty he _h exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ 8 paddle-:eels turn$ r\nd4 ,on :i* ,sym+ton imm$iately ask$1 ,:y don't y use ! /eam-eng9e8 ,! model :i* ,sym+ton exhibit$1 produc$ rot>y motion by ! employm5t ( rat*et-:eels4 ,! rectil9e> motion ( ! pi/on-rod 0 ?us conv]t$ into rot>y motion4 ,mr4 ,mill] 0 pleas$ ) ! action ( ! rat*et-:eel contrivance1 & gave ,sym+ton an ord] to make a pair ( eng9es ( t con/ruction4 ,!y 7 to be us$ on a small pleasure-boat on ,dalsw9ton ,lake4 ,! boat 0 con/ruct$ on ! d\ble-hull or tw9 plan1 s t ! paddle %\ld be us$ 9 ! space betwe5 ! hulls499 footnote444 ,?is /eam tw9 boat 0 9 fact ! prog5itor ( ! ,ca/alia1 con/ruct$ ab\t a hundr$ ye>s lat] = ! conveyance ( pass5g]s betwe5 ,calais & ,dov]4 444 ,aft] mu* vexati\s delay1 aris+ f ! entire novelty ( ! exp]im5t1 ! boat & eng9es 7 at l5g? complet$1 & remov$ to ,dalsw9ton ,lake4 ,?is1 ! fir/ /eam] t ev] trod ! wat]s l a ?+ ( life1 ! h]ald ( a new & mighty p[]1 0 tri$ on ! #ad? ( ,octob] #aghh4 ,! vessel /eam$ delightfully1 at ! rate ( f f\r to five miles an h\r1 ?\gh ?is 0 n h] extreme rate ( spe$4 ,i give1 on ! next page1 a copy ( a sket* made by my fa!r ( ?is ! fir/ actual /eamboat1 ) h] rem>kable crew4 ,image ,! fir/ /eamboat4 ,by ,alex&] ,nasmy?99 footnote444 ,! orig9al draw+ ( ! /eam] 0 done by my fa!r1 & l5t by me to ,mr4 ,woodcr(t1 ,:o ins]t$ x 9 8 ,orig9 & ,progress ( ,/eam ,navigation4 ,he omitt$ my fa!r's "n1 & ins]t$ only t ( ! li?ograph]1 al?\gh x is a docum5t ( almo/ national importance 9 ! hi/ory ( ,/eam ,navigation4 ,p4,s4-- s9ce ! above p>agraph 0 writt5 = ! fir/ edition1 ,i h be5 enabl$ to f9d ! draw+1 ) ano!r rem>kable p5cil sket* ( my fa!r's1 9 ! ,gall]y ( ! ,museum ( ,naval ,ar*itecture at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,x w h5ce=w>d belong to t int]e/+ collection4 ,! rem>kable p5cil sket* to :i* ,i h ref]r$1 is t ( a screw propell]1 drawn by my fa!r1 dat$ #ahai4 ,x 0 ! result ( _m discussions z to ! prop] mode ( propell+ a vessel4 ,fir/1 he _h drawn ,watt's idea ( a spiral o>2 !n1 und]nea?1 he has drawn 8 own idea1 ( a disk ( six4 blades1 l a screw-jack1 imm$iately beh9d ! rudd]4 ,!re is a crank %[n on ! screw %aft1 by :i* ! propell] 0 driv5 direct1 %[+ t he 0 ! fir/ to indicate t me?od ( propulsion ( /eamboats4 444 ,! p]sons on bo>d consi/$ ( ,patrick ,mill]1 ,william ,sym+ton1 ,sir ,william ,montei?1 ,rob]t ,burns 7! poet1 !n a t5ant ( ,mr4 ,mill]'s71 ,william ,taylor1 & ,alex&] ,nasmy?4 ,!re 7 also ?ree ( ,mr4 ,mill]'s s]vants1 :o act$ z assi/ants4 ,on ! edge ( ! lake 0 a "y g5tleman1 !n on a visit to ,dalsw9ton4 ,he 0 no less a p]son ?an ,h5ry ,br\gham1 aft]w>ds ,"l ,*ancellor ( ,engl&4 ,! assemblage ( s _m rem>kable m5 0 well wor?y ( ! occasion4 ,tak+ into acc\nt ! extraord9>y results :i* h issu$ f ?is fir/ trial ( an actual /eamboat1 x may well be consid]$ t ?is 0 "o ( ! mo/ important circum/ances :i* ev] occurr$ 9 ! hi/ory ( navigation4 ,x ought1 at ! same "t1 to be rememb]$ t all t 0 aft]w>ds done by ,sym+ton1 ,fulton1 & ,bell1 foll[$ long aft] ! p]=mance ( ?is ev]-memorable a*ievem5t4 ,i may also m5tion1 z wor?y ( special record1 t ! hull ( ?is fir/ /eamboat 0 ( iron4 ,x 0 con/ruct$ ( t9n$ iron plate4 ,x 0 !re=e ! fir/ iron /eamboat1 if n ! fir/ iron %ip1 t _h ev] be5 made4 ,i may also add t ! eng9es1 con/ruct$ by ,sym+ton1 :i* propell$ ?is fir/ iron /eamboat are n[ c>efully pres]v$ at ! ,pat5t ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 :]e !y may be se5 by ev]ybody499 footnote444 ,! orig9al eng9es ( ! boat1 ) ! rat*et-:eel contrivance ( ,sym+ton1 are !re3 ! v eng9e t propell$ ! fir/ /eam] on ,dalsw9ton ,lake4 ,x may be add$ t ,mr4 ,mill] exp5d$ ab\t #cj1jjj on naval improvem5ts1 &1 z is (t5 ! case1 he 0 :olly neglect$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 444 ,to return to my fa!r's pr(ession z a portrait pa9t]4 ,he _h giv5 s mu* assi/ance to ,mr4 ,mill]1 :ile act+ z 8 *ief draughtsman 9 connection ) ! triple & tw9 %ips1 & also :ile att5d+ him at ,lei? & else:]e1 t x _h consid]ably int]f]$ ) 8 practice2 ?\gh ev]y?+ 0 done by him con amore1 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! t]m4 ,9 return = ?is1 h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,mill] made my fa!r ! g5]\s (f] ( a loan to enable him to visit ,italy1 & pursue 8 /udies !re4 ,x 0 ! mo/ graceful mode 9 :i* ,mr4 ,mill] c\ld express 8 obligations4 ,x 0 an (f] pure & simple1 )\t security1 & z su* 0 ?ankfully accept$ by my fa!r4 ,9 ^? days an arti/ 0 sc>cely consid]$ to h complet$ 8 education until he _h /udi$ ! works ( ! great ma/]s at ,flor5ce & ,rome4 ,my fa!r left ,engl& = ,italy on ! #cj? ( ,decemb] #aghb4 ,he rea*$ ,rome 9 safety1 & e>ne/ly devot$ himself to ! /udy ( art4 ,he rema9$ 9 ,italy = ! great] "p ( two ye>s4 ,he visit$ ,flor5ce1 ,bologna1 ,padua1 & o!r cities :]e ! f9e/ arti/ic works 7 to be f\nd4 ,he made /udies & draw+s ( ! be/ ( !m1 besides mak+ sket*es f nature ( ! mo/ rem>kable places he _h visit$4 ,he return$ to ,ed9burgh at ! end ( #aghd1 & imm$iately resum$ 8 pr(ession ( a portrait pa9t]4 ,he 0 s successful t 9 a %ort "t he 0 enabl$ to repay 8 excell5t fri5d ,mill] ! #ejj :i* he _h s g5]\sly l5t him a few ye>s be=e4 ,! satisfactory results ( 8 zeal\s practice1 & ( 8 skill & indu/ry 9 8 pr(ession1 toge!r ) ! prospect ( increas+ arti/ic "w1 enabl$ him to br+ to a happy conclusion an engagem5t he _h ent]$ into be=e leav+ ,ed9burgh = ,italy4 ,i mean 8 m>riage to my "m--"o ( ! greate/ ev5ts ( 8 life :i* took place on ! #crd ( ,janu>y #aghf4 ,b>b>a ,f\lis 0 a di/ant relation ( 8 own4 ,%e 0 ! daught] ( ,william ,f\lis1 ,esq41 ( ,woodhall & ,col9ton1 ne> ,ed9burgh4 ,h] bro!r1 ! late ,sir ,james ,f\lis1 my uncle1 succe$$ to ! anci5t b>onetcy ( ! family4 ,see ,burkes's ,pe]age & ,b>onetage99 footnote444 ,9 ,burke's ,pe]age & ,b>onetage an acc\nt is giv5 ( ! ,f\lis family4 ,!y are ( ,norman orig94 ,a bran* settl$ 9 ,scotl& 9 ! reign ( ,malcolm ,canmore4 ,by v>i\s int]m>riages1 ! ,f\lises are connect$ ) ! ,hopet\n1 ,bute1 & ,roseb]y families4 ,! pres5t hold] ( ! title repres5ts ! h\ses ( ,col9ton1 ,woodhall1 & ,ravel/one4 444 ,my "m did n br+ ) h] any =tune1 s to speak1 9 ! way ( gold or acres2 b %e br\ght some?+ f> bett] into my fa!r's home1--a sweetness ( disposition1 & a l>ge measure ( common s5se1 :i* made h]1 9 all respects1 ! devot$ helpmate ( h] husb&4 ,h] happy *e]ful temp]am5t1 & h] con/ant indu/ry & att5tion1 %$ an influ5ce ^u all ar\nd h]4 ,by h] example %e inbr$ 9 h] *ildr5 ! love ( tru?1 excell5ce1 & goodness4 ,t 0 inde$ ! be/ =tune %e c\ld br+ into a good man's home4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ye> ( my fa!r's m>ri$ life1 :5 he liv$ 9 ,/4 ,james's ,squ>e1 he pa9t$ ! well-kn[n portrait ( ,rob]t ,burns ! poet4 ,burns _h be5 introduc$ to him by ,mr4 ,mill] at ,dalsw9ton4 ,an intimate fri5d%ip sprang up betwe5 ! arti/ & ! poet4 ,! love ( nature & ( natural objects 0 common to bo?4 ,!y also w>mly sympa?is$ 9 _! political views4 ,:5 ,burns visit$ ,ed9burgh my fa!r (t5 met him4 ,burns _h a /range av]sion to sit = 8 portrait1 ?\gh (t5 urg5tly reque/$ to d s4 ,b :5 at my fa!r's /udio1 ,burns at la/ cons5t$1 & 8 portrait 0 rapidly pa9t$4 ,x 0 done 9 ! c\rse ( a few h\rs1 & my fa!r made a pres5t ( x to ,mrs4 ,burns4 ,a mezzot9t engrav+ ( x 0 aft]w>ds publi%$ by ,william ,walk]1 son-9-law ( ! fam\s ,samuel ,reynolds4 ,:5 ! fir/ pro( impression 0 submitt$ to my fa!r1 he said to ,mr4 ,walk]3 ,i _c bett] express to y my op9ion ( y\r admirable engrav+1 ?an by tell+ y t x conveys to me a m true & lively remembrance ( ,burns ?an my own picture ( him does2 x s p]fectly r5d]s ! _s ( 8 expression1 z well z ! details ( 8 e feature4 ,:ile ,burns 0 9 ,ed9burgh1 my fa!r _h _m int]e/+ walks ) him 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! city4 ,! ,calton ,hill1 ,ar?ur's ,seat1 ,salisbury ,crags4 ,habbie's ,h[1 & ! nooks 9 ! ,p5tl&s1 7 always full ( int]e/2 & ,burns1 ) 8 brilliant & humor\s conv]sation1 made ! miles v %ort z !y /rode along4 ,lockh>t says1 9 8 ,life ( ,burns1 t ! magnific5t sc5]y ( ! ,scotti% capital fill$ ! poet ) extraord9>y delight4 ,9 ! spr+ morn+s he walk$ v (t5 to ! top ( ,ar?ur's ,seat1 &1 ly+ pro/rate on ! turf1 survey$ ! ris+ ( ! sun out ( ! sea 9 sil5t admiration2 8 *os5 companion on su* occasions be+ t le>n$ arti/ & ard5t lov] ( nature1 ,alex&] ,nasmy?4 ,a visit :i* ! two paid to ,rosl9 ,ca/le is wor?y ( commemoration4 ,on "o occasion my fa!r & a few *oice spirits _h be5 sp5d+ a ni*t wi' ,burns4 ,! place ( resort 0 a tav]n 9 ! ,high ,/reet1 ,ed9burgh4 ,z ,burns 0 a brilliant talk]1 full ( _s & hum\r1 "t fl$ until ! wee sma' h\rs ayont ! twal' arriv$4 ,! p>ty broke up ab\t ?ree o'clock4 ,at t "t ( ! ye> 7! #ac? ( ,june7 ! night is v %ort1 & morn+ comes e>ly4 ,burns1 on rea*+ ! /reet1 look$ up to ! sky4 ,x 0 p]fectly cle>1 & ! ris+ sun 0 beg9n+ to bright5 ! mural cr[n ( ,/4 ,giles's ,ca!dral4 ,burns 0 s mu* /ruck ) ! beauty ( ! morn+ t he put 8 h& on my fa!r's arm & said1 ,x'll nev] d to g to b$ 9 su* a lovely morn+ z ?is6 ,let's awa' to ,rosl9 ,ca/le4 ,no soon] said ?an done4 ,! poet & ! pa9t] set out4 ,nature lay bright & lovely be=e !m 9 t delici\s summ] morn+4 ,aft] an eight-miles walk !y rea*$ ! ca/le at ,rosl94 ,burns w5t d[n "u ! great ,norman ar*1 :]e he /ood rapt 9 spee*less admiration ( ! sc5e4 ,! ?\ght ( ! et]nal r5ewal ( y\? & fre%ness ( nature1 contra/$ ) ! crumbl+ decay ( man's ef=ts to p]petuate 8 "w1 ev5 :5 f\nd$ ^u a rock1 z ,rosl9 ,ca/le is1 seem$ greatly to affect him4 ,my fa!r 0 s mu* impress$ ) ! sc5e t1 :ile ,burns 0 /&+ "u ! ar*1 he took out 8 p5cil & a scrap ( pap] & made a ha/y sket* ( ! subject4 ,?is sket* 0 highly treasur$ by my fa!r1 9 remembrance ( :at mu/ h be5 "o ( ! mo/ memorable days ( 8 life4 ,talk+ ( clubs rem9ds me t !re 0 a good deal ( club life 9 ,ed9burgh 9 ^? days4 ,! mo/ notable 7 ^? 9 :i* ! memb]s 7 drawn toge!r by occupations1 habits1 or ta/es4 ,!y met 9 ! ev5+s1 & conv]s$ ^u cong5ial subjects4 ,! clubs 7 g5]ally held 9 "o or o!r ( ! tav]ns situat$ 9 or ne> ! ,high ,/reet4 ,e "o w rememb] ! ,lawy]s' ,club1 held 9 an ,ed9burgh close1 presid$ ov] by ,pleydell1 s well describ$ by ,scott 9 ,guy ,mann]+4 ,9 my fa!r's e>ly days he 0 a memb] ( a v jovial club1 call$ ! ,pok] ,club4 ,x 0 s-call$ because ! fir/ *airman1 imm$iately on 8 election1 9 a _s ( droll]y1 laid hold ( ! pok] at ! fireplace1 & adopt$ x z 8 insignia ( (fice4 ,he made a humor\s address f ! *air1 or ! ?rone1 z he call$ x1 ) sceptre or pok] 9 h&2 & ! club 0 !reupon /yl$ by acclamation ,! ,pok] ,club4 ,i h se5 my fa!r's diploma ( memb]%ip2 x 0 ta/efully drawn on p>*m5t1 ) ! pok] duly emblazon$ on x z ! regalia ( ! club4 ,9 my own "t1 ! club t he 0 mo/ connect$ ) 0 ! ,dilettanti ,club4 ,its meet+s 7 held e =tnight1 on ,?ursday ev5+s1 9 a commodi\s tav]n 9 ! ,high ,/reet4 ,! memb]s 7 *iefly arti/s1 or m5 kn[n = _! love ( art4 ,among !n 7 ,h5ry ,raeburn1 ,hugh ,williams 7! ,grecian71 ,&rew ,g$des1 ,william ,?omson1 ,john ,%etkay1 ,william ,ni*olson1 ,william ,allan1 ,alex&] ,nasmy?1 ! ,rev4 ,john ,?omson ( ,dudd+/on1 ,george ,?omson1 ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 ,john ,lockh>t1 ,dr4 ,brew/]1 ,david ,wilkie1 ,h5ry ,cockburn1 ,francis ,jeffrey1 ,john ,a4 ,murray1 ,pr(essor ,wilson1 ,john ,ballantyne1 ,james ,ballantyne1 ,james ,hogg 7! ,ettrick ,%eph]d71 & ,david ,bridges1 ! secret>y499 footnote444 ,davie ,bridges 0 a "*4 ,9 my e>ly days he 0 a clo? m]*ant 9 ! ,high ,/reet4 ,8 %op 0 v ne> t gigantic l\nge1 ! old ,p>liam5t ,h\se1 & 0 (t5 resort$ to by non-bus9ess visitors4 ,bridges _h a good ta/e = pictures4 ,he _h a small b *oice collection by ! ,old ,ma/]s1 :i* he kept arrang$ 9 ! w>eh\se "u 8 %op4 ,he took great pride 9 exhibit+ !m to 8 visitors1 & expatiat+ ^u _! excell5ce4 ,i rememb] be+ pres5t 9 8 w>eh\se ) my fa!r :5 a v beautiful small picture by ,ri*>d ,wilson 0 "u review4 ,davie bur/ out emphatically )1 ,eh1 man1 did ye ev] see su* glori\s butt]y t\*es z on ^! cl\ds6 ,8 jok+ fri5ds clubb$ him ,director-,g5]al ( ! ,f9e ,arts = ,scotl&1 a title :i* he complac5tly accept$4 ,besides %[+ (f 8 pictures1 ,davie 0 an art critic1 & wrote articles = ! newspap]s & magaz9es4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 8 att5tion to pictures prev5t$ him f att5d+ to 8 %op1 & 8 cu/om]s 7:o 7 n arti/s7 =sook him1 & b\ght _! clo!s else:]e4 ,he accord+ly %ut up 8 %op1 & devot$ himself to art criticism1 9 :i*1 = a "t1 he possess$ a monopoly4 444 ,! dr9ks 7 re/rict$ to ,ed9burgh ale & :isky toddy4 ,an admirable picture ( ! club 9 full meet+ 0 pa9t$ by ,william ,allan1 9 :i* *>act]i/ic portraits ( all ! lead+ memb]s 7 introduc$ 9 full social conv]se4 ,among ! m prom95t portraits is "o ( my fa!r1 :o is repres5t$ z illu/rat+ "s subject he is describ+1 by draw+ x on ! "p ( ! table be=e him1 ) 8 f+] dipp$ 9 toddy4 ,o!r m>k$ & well-kn[n *>act]i/ics ( ! memb]s are skilfully introduc$ 9 ! picture4 ,! arti/ aft]w>ds sold x to ,mr4 ,horrocks ( ,pre/on1 9 ,lanca%ire4 ,besides portrait pa9t+1 my fa!r 0 mu* employ$ 9 assi/+ ! noblem5 & l&$ g5try ( ,scotl& 9 improv+ ! l&scape appe>ance ( _! e/ates1 especially :5 se5 f _! mansion w9d[s4 ,8 f9e ta/e1 & 8 love ( natural sc5]y1 gave him great advantages 9 ?is respect4 ,he select$ ! f9e/ sites = ! new mansions1 :5 !y 7 erect$ 9 lieu ( ! old t[]s & cr5ellat$ ca/les4 ,or1 he design$ alt]ations ( ! old build+s s z to pres]ve _! romantic features1 & at ! same "t to fit !m = ! requirem5ts ( mod]n dome/ic life4 ,9 ^? e>ly days ( art-k1 !re sc>cely exi/$ any arti/ic feel+ = ! l&scape beauty ( nature4 ,!re 0 an utt] want ( appreciation ( ! dignifi$ beauty ( ! old ca/les & mansions1 ! remnants ( :i* 7 9 too _m in/ances c>t$ away z mat]ial = n[ build+s4 ,!re 0 also at t "t an utt] ignorance ( ! beauty & maje/y ( old trees4 ,a =e/ ( v5]able oaks or bee*es 0 a ?+ to be done away )4 ,!y 7 m]ely cut d[n z useless timb]2 ev5 :5 !y s f9ely embelli%$ ! l&scape4 ,my fa!r ex]t$ himself successfully to pres]ve ^! gr& old =e/ trees4 ,8 f9e sket*es s]v$ to op5 ! eyes ( _! possessors to ! priceless treasures !y 7 ab\t to de/roy2 & he ?us pres]v$ ! exi/5ce ( _m a picturesque old tree4 ,he ev5 took ! pa9s 9 _m cases to model ! "p ( ! e/ate he 0 deal+ )2 & he also modell$ ! old trees he wi%$ to pres]ve4 ,?us1 by a judici\s cle>+ out ( ! int]cept+ "y timb]1 he op5$ out di/ant views ( ! l&scape1 & at ! same "t pres]v$ _m a mon>* ( ! =e/499 footnote444 ,x is ev5 n[ to be deeply deplor$ t ^? :o inh]it or come into possession ( l&$ e/ates d n feel suffici5tly impress$ ) ! possession ( su* gr& memorials ( ! pa/4 ,alas6 h[ (t5 h we to lam5t ! want ( ta/e t leads to ! sacrifice ( ^! v5]able treasures4 ,w\ld t ! "y m5 at our univ]sities especially ^? likely to inh]it e/ates--7 impress$ ) ! importance ( pres]v+ !m4 ,!y w\ld ?us conf] an ine/imable b5efit to ?\s&s4 ,ab\t =ty ye>s ago ,"l ,cockburn publi%$ a pamphlet on ,h[ to ,de/roy ! ,beauty ( ,ed9burgh6 ,he en=c$ ! *>m ( gre5 foliage 9 comb9ation ) /reet ar*itecture4 ,! burgesses 7 !n cutt+ d[n trees4 ,8 lord%ip w5t s f> z to say t he w\ld z soon cut d[n a burgess z a tree6 ,s9ce !n ! gr[? ( trees 9 ,ed9burgh1 especially 9 :at 0 once ! ,nor? ,lo*1 has be5 greatly improv$2 & might be /ill fur!r improv$ if t fam\s tree1 ,! ,london plane1 7 employ$4 444 ,image ,! ,family ,tree ,my fa!r modell$ old ca/les1 old trees1 & su* l objects z he wi%$ to introduce into 8 l&scapes4 ,! above illu/ration1 may p]haps give a slight idea ( 8 arti/ic skill z a modell]4 ,i specially ref] to ?is1 :i* he call$ ,! ,family ,tree1 z he requir$ ea* memb] ( 8 family to assi/ 9 its production4 ,we ea* made a twig or small bran*1 :i* he clev]ly fix$ into its place z a "p ( ! :ole4 ,! model tree 9 "q 0 con/ruct$ ( wire slightly twi/$ toge!r1 s z to =m ! ma9 body ( a bran*4 ,x 0 !n subdivid$ into bran*lets1 & f9ally into individual twigs4 ,all ^!1 comb9$ toge!r by 8 dext]\s h&1 result$ 9 ! model ( an old leafless tree1 s true & correct1 t any "o w\ld h ?\ght t x _h be5 modell$ direct f nature4 ,! ,duke ( ,a?ol consult$ my fa!r z to ! improvem5ts :i* he desir$ to make 9 8 woodl& sc5]y ne> ,dunkeld4 ,! ,duke 0 desir\s t a rocky crag1 call$ ,craigyb>ns1 %\ld be plant$ ) trees1 to relieve ! grim b>r5ness ( its appe>ance4 ,b x 0 impossible = any man to climb ! crag 9 ord] to set se$s or plants 9 ! clefts ( ! rocks4 ,a happy idea /ruck my fa!r4 ,hav+ obs]v$ 9 front ( ! ca/le a pair ( small cannon us$ = fir+ salutes1 x occurr$ to him to turn !m to acc\nt4 ,8 object 0 to deposit ! se$s ( ! v>i\s trees among/ ! soil 9 ! clefts ( ! crag4 ,a t9smi? 9 ! village 0 ord]$ to make a numb] ( cani/]s ) cov]s4 ,! cani/]s 7 fill$ ) all sorts ( suitable tree se$s4 ,a cannon 0 load$1 & ! cani/]s 7 fir$ up aga9/ ! high face ( ! rock4 ,!y bur/ & scatt]$ ! se$ 9 all directions4 ,"s ye>s aft]1 :5 my fa!r revisit$ ! place1 he 0 delight$ to f9d t 8 s*eme ( plant+ by artill]y _h prov$ completely successful2 = ! trees 7 fl\ri%+ luxuriantly 9 all ! recesses ( ! cliff4 ,?is 0 ano!r in/ance ( my fa!r's happy faculty ( res\rcefulness4 ,c]ta9 circum/ances ab\t ?is "t compell$ my fa!r almo/ entirely to give up portrait pa9t+ & betake himself to ano!r bran* ( ! f9e arts4 ,! e>ne/ & lively int]e/ :i* he took 9 ! /ate ( public affairs1 & ! necessity :i* !n exi/$ = re=m+ ! gl>+ abuses ( ! ,/ate1 l$ him to speak out 8 m9d freely on ! subject4 ,ed9burgh 0 !n "u ! reign ( ! ,dundases2 & sc>cely anybody d>$ to mutt] 8 objections to any?+ p]petrat$ by ! p[]s t be4 ,! city 0 !n a mu* small] place ?an x is n[4 ,!re 0 m gossip1 & p]haps m espionage1 among ! bett] classes1 :o 7 few 9 numb]4 ,at all ev5ts1 my fa!r's frank op9ions on political subjects began to be kn[n4 ,he att5d$ ,fox d9n]s4 ,he 0 intimate ) m5 ( kn[n re=m+ views4 ,all ?is 0 made ! subject ( g5]al talk4 ,accord+ly1 my fa!r receiv$ _m h9ts f ari/ocratic & weal?y p]sonages1 t if ?is w5t on any long] !y w\ld )draw f him _! employm5t4 ,my fa!r did n alt] 8 c\rse2 x 0 "r & hone/4 ,b he suff]$ nev]!less4 ,8 income f portrait pa9t+ fell (f rapidly4 ,at l5g? he devot$ himself to l&scape pa9t+4 ,x 0 a fre] & m enjoyable life4 ,in/ead ( pa9t+ ! faces ( ^? :o 7 p]haps )\t "* or attractiv5ess1 he pa9t$ ! fre% & ev]-beautiful face ( nature4 ,! field ( 8 employm5t 9 ?is respect 0 almo/ inexhau/ible4 ,8 arti/ic tal5t 9 ?is delightful bran* ( art 0 9 ! highe/ s5se cong5ial to 8 m9d & feel+s2 & 9 c\rse ( "t ! results ( 8 new field ( occupation prov$ ?or\ghly satisfactory4 ,9 fact1 m5 ( ! highe/ rank ) ju/ice entitl$ him ! ,fa!r ( l&scape pa9t+ 9 ,scotl&4 ,image ,no4 #dg ,york ,place1 ,ed9burgh ,at ! same "t1 :5 *ang+ 8 bran* ( art1 he op5$ a class 9 8 own h\se =giv+ practical in/ruction 9 ! art ( l&scape pa9t+4 ,he remov$ 8 h\se & /udio f ,/4 ,james's ,squ>e to ,no4 #dg ,york ,place4 ,!re 0 at ! upp] "p ( ?is h\se a noble & commodi\s room4 ,!re he held 8 class4 ,! h\se 0 8 own1 & 0 built aft] 8 own designs4 ,a spl5did prospect 0 se5 f ! upp] w9d[s2 & especially f ! ,belvid]e1 :i* he _h con/ruct$ on ! summit ( ! ro(4 ,! view ext5d$ f ,/irl+ 9 ! we/ to ! ,bass ,rock 9 ! ea/4 ,9 f9e summ] ev5+s ! sun 0 (t5 se5 sett+ beh9d ,b5 ,lomond & ! m conspicu\s ( ! ,p]?%ire m\nta9s4 ,my fa!r did n conf9e himself to l&scape pa9t+1 or to ! in/ruction ( 8 classes4 ,he 0 an all-r\nd man4 ,he _h some?+ ( ! ,univ]sal ab\t him4 ,he 0 a pa9t]1 an ar*itect1 & a me*anic4 ,above all1 he possess$ a p[]ful /ore ( common s5se4 ,( c\rse1 ,i am naturally a p>tial judge ( my fa!r's "*2 b ?is ,i may say1 t dur+ my exp]i5ce ( ov] sev5ty ye>s ,i h nev] kn[n a m incessantly indu/ri\s man4 ,8 h& & m9d 7 always at "w f morn till night4 ,dur+ ! "t t he 0 los+ 8 bus9ess 9 portrait pa9t+1 he set to "w & pa9t$ sc5]y = ! !atres4 ,! late ,david ,rob]ts--himself a sc5e pa9t] ( ! highe/ "*--said t 8 /yle 0 f\nd$ ^u t ( ,nasmy?499 footnote444 ,david ,rob]ts1 ,r1,a41 9 8 ,autobiography1 gives ! foll[+ recollections ( ,alex&] ,nasmy?3 -- ,9 #ahai ,i comm5c$ my c>e] z pr9cipal sc5e pa9t] 9 ! ,!atre ,royal1 ,glasg[4 ,?is !atre 0 imm5se 9 its size & appo9tm5ts--9 magnitude exce$+ ,drury ,lane & ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,! /ock sc5]y _h be5 pa9t$ by ,alex&] ,nasmy?1 & consi/$ ( a s]ies ( pictures f> surpass+ any?+ ( ! k9d ,i _h ev] se54 ,^! includ$ *amb]s1 palaces1 /reets1 l&scapes1 & =e/ sc5]y4 ,"o1 ,i rememb] p>ticul>ly1 0 ! outside ( a ,norman ca/le1 & ano!r ( a cottage *>m+ly pa9t$1 & ( :i* ,i h a sket*4 ,b ! act sc5e1 :i* 0 a view on ! ,clyde look+ t[>ds ! ,highl& m\nta9s ) ,dumb>ton ,ca/le 9 ! middle di/ance1 0 su* a comb9ation ( magnific5t sc5]y1 s wond]fully pa9t$1 t x excit$ univ]sal admiration4 ,^! productions ,i /udi$ incessantly2 & on !m my /yle1 if ,i h any1 0 orig9ally f\nd$4 444 ,/anfield 0 ano!r ( 8 fri5ds4 ,on "o occasion ,/anfield %[$ him 8 sket*-book1 obs]v+ t he wi%$ to =m a /yle ( 8 own4 ,"y man1 said ,nasmy?1 !re's b "o /yle an arti/ %\ld endeav\r to atta91 & t is ! /yle ( nature2 ! ne>] y c get to t ! bett]4 ,my fa!r 0 greatly int]e/$ 9 ! ar*itectural beauty ( 8 native city1 & he 0 pr(essionally consult$ by ! au?orities ab\t ! lay+ out ( ! /reets ( ! ,new ,t[n4 ,! subject occupi$ mu* ( 8 "t & ?\ght1 especially :5 re/+ f ! m5tal fatigue aris+ f a long sitt+ at ! easel4 ,x 0 8 regul> practice to /roll ab\t :]e ! build+ "w 0 9 progress1 or :]e new roads 7 be+ laid out1 & c>efully wat* ! proce$+s4 ,?is 0 probably due to ! ta/e :i* he _h inh]it$ f 8 =ebe>s--m especially f 8 fa!r1 :o _h begun ! build+s ( ! ,new ,t[n4 ,my fa!r took pleasure 9 modell+ any improvem5t t occurr$ to him2 & 9 discuss+ ! subject ) ! ar*itects & build]s :o 7 pr(essionally engag$ 9 ! works4 ,8 admirable knack ( modell+ ! cont\r ( ! natural surface ( ! gr\nd1 & apply+ x to ! propos$ new roads or new build+s1 0 /rik+ & *>act]i/ic4 ,8 ef=ts 9 ?is direction 7 s ?or\ghly dis9t]e/$ t ^? 9 (fice 7 all ! m anxi\s to c>ry out 8 views4 ,he s\ght = no rew>d2 b 8 excell5t advice 0 n unrecognis$4 ,9 te/imony ( ! reg>d :i* ! ,magi/rates ( ,ed9burgh _h = 8 c\nsel & s]vices1 !y pres5t$ him 9 #ahae ) a sum ( #bjj1 toge!r ) a mo/ complim5t>y lett] ackn[l$g+ ! value ( 8 dis9t]e/$ advice4 ,x 0 address$ to him "u cov]1 direct$ to ,alex&] ,nasmy?1 ,ar*itect4 ,he 01 inde$1 n unwor?y ( ! "n4 ,he 0 ! ar*itect ( ! ,dean ,bridge1 :i* spans ! deep valley ( ! ,wat] ( ,lei?1 nor?-we/ ( ! ,new ,t[n4 ,sir ,john ,nesbit1 ! own] ( ! prop]ty nor? ( ! /ream1 employ$ my fa!r to make a design = ! ext5sion ( ! city to 8 e/ate4 ,! result 0 ! con/ruction ( ! ,dean ,bridge1 & ! roads approa*+ x f bo? sides4 ,! ,dean ,e/ate 0 ?us r5d]$ z easy & conv5i5t to rea* z any ( ! level /reets ( ,ed9burgh4 ,! con/ruction ( ! bridge 0 sup]9t5d$ by ! late ,james ,j>d9e1 ,c4,e4 ,mr ,tel=d 0 aft]w>ds call$ ^u to wid5 ! bridge4 ,he ?rew out p>apets on ea* side1 b !y did n improve ! orig9al design4 ,image ,/ ,b]n>d's ,well ,f ! ,dean ,bridge ano!r ( my fa!r's ar*itectural build+s may be se51 at ,/4 ,b]n>d's ,well4 ,x 0 con/ruct$ at ! in/ance ( 8 fri5d ,"l ,g>d5/one4 ,! design consi/s ( a graceful circul> temple1 built ov] a spr+ ( m9]al wat]1 :i* issues f ! rock bel[4 ,x 0 d$icat$ to ,hygeia1 ! ,goddess ( ,heal?4 ,! :ole ( ! details are beautifully f9i%$1 & ! basem5t ( ! design w be admir$ by e true arti/4 ,x is reg>d$ z a great ornam5t1 & is ?or\ghly 9 keep+ ) ! beauty ( ! surr\nd+ sc5]y4 ,%ortly aft] ! dea? ( ,"l ,nelson x 0 propos$ to erect a monum5t to 8 memory on ! ,calton ,hill4 ,my fa!r suppli$ a design1 :i* 0 laid be=e ! ,monum5t ,committee4 ,x 0 s mu* approv$ t ! requir$ sum 0 rapidly subscrib$4 ,b z ! e/imat$ co/ ( ?is erection 0 f\nd slightly to exce$ ! am\nt subscrib$1 a nom9ally *eap] design 0 privately adopt$4 ,x 0 lit]ally a job4 ,! vulg>1 *urn-l monum5t 0 ?us ?ru/ on ! public & actually erect$2 & !re x /&s to ?is day1 a pite\s sight to behold]s4 ,x 0 ev5tually f\nd greatly to exce$ 9 co/ ! am\nt ( ! e/imate = my fa!r's design4 ,i give a sket* ( my fa!r's memorial2 & ,i am l$ to d ?is because x is errone\sly alleg$ t he 0 ! ar*itect ( ! pres5t inv]t$ spy glass1 call$ ,nelson's ,monum5t ,image ,nelson's ,monum5t z x %\ld h be54 ,!n1 ) respect to my fa!r's p[]s z a me*anic4 ,?is 0 an inh]it$ faculty1 & ,i leave my read]s to inf] f ! foll[+ pages :e!r ,i h n _h my fair %>e ( ?is inh]itance4 ,besides 8 pa9t+ room1 my fa!r _h a workroom fitt$ up ) all sorts ( me*anical tools4 ,x 0 "o ( 8 greate/ pleasures to occupy himself !re z a relief f sitt+ at ! easel1 or :ile )9 doors f ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r4 ,! walls & %elves ( 8 workroom 7 cr[d$ ) a multitude ( arti/ic & +5i\s me*anical objects1 ne>ly all ( :i* 7 ! production ( 8 own h&s4 ,_m ( !m 7 associat$ ) ! mo/ ev5tful incid5ts 9 8 life4 ,he only admitt$ 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds1 or su* z c\ld und]/& & appreciate ! v>iety ( objects connect$ ) art & me*anism1 to 8 workroom4 ,8 natural ta/e = neatness & arrangem5t gave x a v ord]ly aspect1 h[ev] cr[d$ its walls & %elves might be4 ,ev]y?+ 0 9 its place1 & !re 0 a place = ev]y?+4 ,x 0 9 ?is workroom t ,i fir/ began to h&le me*anical tools4 ,x 0 my prim>y te*nical s*ool--! v =egr\nd ( my life4 ,image ,b[-&-/r+ ,ro(s & ,bridges ,i may m5tion "o or two ( my fa!r's me*anical ef=ts1 or r 8 inv5tions 9 appli$ sci5ce4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important 0 ! b[-&-/r+ bridge1 z he fir/ call$ x1 to :i* he e>ly direct$ 8 att5tion4 ,he inv5t$ ?is important me?od ( con/ruction ab\t ! ye> #agid4 ,! fir/ b[-&-/r+ bridge 0 erect$ 9 ! isl& ( ,/4 ,hel5a ov] a deep rav9e4 ,_m consid]$1 f its app>5t slightness1 t x 0 n fitt$ to su/a9 any consid]able load4 ,a rem>kable & conv9c+ pro( 01 h[ev]1 giv5 ( its /ability by ! passage ov] x ( a h]d ( wild ox51 t ru%$ across )\t ! slighte/ damage to its /ructure4 ,aft] s sev]e a te/ x 0 = _m succe$+ ye>s employ$ z a mo/ valuable addition to ! accessibility ( an important portion ( ! isl&4 ,! b[-&-/r+ bridge has s9ce be5 l>gely employ$ 9 spann+ wide spaces ov] :i* suburban & o!r railways pass1 & 9 ro(+ ov] su* /ations z ^? at ,birm+ham1 ,*>+ ,cross1 & o!r ,great ,metropolitan c5tres1 z well z 9 b[-&-/r+ bridges ov] riv]s4 ,i give ! fac-simile ( 8 orig9al draw+s99 footnote444 ,! orig9al draw+s ( ^! b[-&-/r+ bridges1 ( v>i\s spans1 are n[ deposit$ at ! ,gall]y ( ! ,museum ( ,naval ,ar*itecture at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 & are sign$ ,alex&] ,nasmy? #agif4 444 = ! purpose ( %[+ our great railway eng9e]s ! orig9ator ( ! graceful & economical me?od ( spann+ wide spaces1 n[ practis$ 9 e "p ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,ano!r ( 8 inv5tions 0 ! me?od ( rivet+ by compression in/ead ( by bl[s ( ! hamm]4 ,x orig9at$ 9 a slight circum/ance4 ,"o wet1 w9try ,sunday morn+ he w5t into 8 workroom4 ,!re 7 "s slight me*anical repairs to be p]=m$ ^u a beautiful little /ove ( 8 own con/ruction4 ,to repair x1 iron rivets 7 necess>y to make x s]viceable4 ,b z ! hamm]+ ( ! hot rivets w\ld annoy 8 neighb\rs by ! unwelcome s\nd ( ! hamm]1 he solv$ ! difficulty by us+ ! jaws ( 8 b5* vice to squeeze 9 ! hot rivets :5 put into _! places4 ,! /ove 0 ?us quickly repair$ 9 ! mo/ p]fect sil5ce4 ,?is 01 p]haps1 ! fir/ occasion on :i* a squeeze or compressive action 0 sub/itut$ = ! p]cussive action ( ! hamm]1 9 clos+ r$-hot rivets1 = comb9+ toge!r pieces ( /\t %eet or plate iron4 ,?is sy/em ( rivet+ 0 long aft]w>ds pat5t$ by ,smi? ( ,dean/on 9 comb9ation ) ,william ,fairbairn ( ,man*e/]2 & x 0 employ$ 9 rivet+ ! plates us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! bridges ov] ! ,riv] ,conway & ! ,m5ai ,/raits4 ,x is also univ]sally us$ 9 boil] & gird] mak+1 & 9 all o!r wr\ght-iron /ructures 9 :i* ?or\gh s\nd rivet+ is absolutely ess5tial2 & by ! employm5t ( hydraulic p[] 9 a portable =m a consid]able portion ( iron %ipbuild+ is effect$ by ! sil5t squeeze sy/em 9 place ( hamm]s1 mu* to ! advantage ( ! s\ndness ( ! "w4 ,my fa!r frequ5tly1 9 aft]times1 practis$ ?is mode ( rivet+ by compression 9 place ( us+ ! bl[ ( a hamm]2 & 9 remembrance ( ! special circum/ances "u :i* he contriv$ ?is sil5t & mo/ effective me?od ( rivet+1 he nam$ x ,! ,sunday ,rivet4 ,,*apt] #c4 ,an ,arti/'s ,family4 ,al?\gh ,alex&] ,nasmy? _h to a consid]able ext5t lo/ 8 ari/ocratic connection z a portrait pa9t]1 yet _m k9d & g5]\s fri5ds ga!r$ r\nd him4 ,dur+ 8 soj\rn 9 ,italy1 9 #aghc1 he _h ! good =tune to make ! acqua9tance ( ,sir ,james ,hall ( ,dunglass1 ,hadd+ton%ire4 ,! acqua9tance aft]w>ds rip5$ into a deeply-root$ fri5d%ip4 ,dur+ ! w9t] season ,sir ,james resid$ ) 8 family 9 8 t[n h\se 9 ,george ,/reet4 ,he 0 passionately atta*$ to ! pursuit ( art & sci5ce4 ,he practis$ ! art ( pa9t+ 9 my fa!r's room1 & 0 greatly help$ by him 9 ! requisite manipulative skill4 ,sir ,james 0 at t "t engag$ 9 writ+ 8 well-kn[n essay ,on ! ,orig9 ( ,go?ic ,ar*itecture1 & 9 ?is my fa!r 0 ( important use to him4 ,he execut$ ! great] numb] ( ! illu/rations = ?is beautiful "w4 ,! book :5 publi%$ _h a consid]able influ5ce 9 re/or+ ! ta/e ( ar*itects to a /yle :i* !y _h h]et(ore ei!r neglect$ or degrad$4 ,besides 8 en?usiasm 9 art & ar*itecture1 ,sir ,james devot$ a great deal ( "t to ! /udy ( geology4 ,! sci5ce 0 !n 9 its infancy4 ,be+ an acute obs]v]1 ,hall's att5tion 0 fir/ attract$ to ! subject by ! s+ul> geological features ( ! sea-coa/ ne> 8 mansion at ,dunglass4 ,! neighb\rhood ( ,ed9burgh also excit$ 8 int]e/4 ,! upheaval ( ! rocks by volcanic heat --z se5 9 ! ,ca/le ,hill1 ! ,calton ,hill1 & ,ar?ur's ,seat-- =m$ 9 a great measure ! f\ndation ( ! picturesque beauty ( ! city4 ,^? 7 ! days ( ! ,w]n]ian & ,huttonian controv]sy z to ! orig9 ( ! *anges on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,sir ,james ,ball 0 ,presid5t ( ! ,ed9burgh ,royal ,society1 & necess>ily took an anxi\s int]e/ 9 ! discussions4 ,he obs]v$ & exp]im5t$1 & e/abli%$ ! true volcanic nature ( ! composition & =mation ( ! rocks & m\nta9s :i* surr\nd ,ed9burgh4 ,i h be5 l$ to speak ( ?is subject1 because :5 a boy ,i 0 (t5 pres5t at ! discussions ( ^! great pr9ciples4 ,my fa!r1 ,sir ,james ,hall1 ,pr(essors ,playfair & ,leslie1 took _! accu/om$ walks r\nd ,ed9burgh1 & ,i clung eag]ly to _! words4 ,?\gh unable to und]/& ev]y?+ t 0 said1 ^! walks _h a great influ5ce ^u my education4 ,inde$1 :at education c comp>e ) t ( li/5+ att5tively to ! conv]sation & int]*ange ( ?\ght ( m5 ( ! highe/ intellig5ce8 ,x is on su* occasions t ideas1 n m]e words1 take hold ( ! memory1 & abide !re until ! close ( life4 ,besides mix+ 9 ! society ( sci5tific m51 my fa!r enjoy$ a fri5dly int]c\rse ) ! arti/s ( 8 day4 ,he 0 (t5 able to give sub/antial help & assi/ance to "y /ud5ts2 & he 0 mo/ lib]al 9 giv+ !m valuable practical in/ruction1 & 9 assi/+ !m ov] ! manipulative difficulties :i* lay 9 _! way4 ,he 0 especially assidu\s :5 he saw !m inspir$ by ! true _s ( art1 & full ( application & indu/ry1--)\t :i* no?+ c be accompli%$4 ,among/ ^! "y m5 7 ,david ,wilkie1 ,francis ,grant1 ,david ,rob]ts1 ,cl>kson ,/anfield1 ,william ,allan1 ,&rew ,g$des1 ,grecian ,williams1 ,liz>s ! engrav]1 & ! ,rev4 ,john ,?omson ( ,dudd+/on4 ,h5ry ,raeburn 0 "o ( 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds & companions4 ,he consid]$ ,raeburn's broad & ma/]ly /yle ( portrait pa9t+ z an era 9 ,scotti% art4 ,raeburn1 ) innate tact1 disc]n$ ! "* ( 8 sitt]s1 & he imp>t$ s mu* ( _! individuality into 8 portraits z to make !m admirable lik5esses 9 ! highe/ s5se4 ,9 connection ) ,raeburn1 ,i may m5tion t :5 he 0 knight$ by ,george ,,iv4 9 #ahbb1 my fa!r1 :o 0 !n at ! head ( 8 pr(ession 9 ,scotl&1 0 appo9t$ *airman at ! d9n] held to d hon\r to ! great ,scotti% portrait pa9t]4 ,raeburn (t5 jo9$ my fa!r 9 8 aft]noon walks r\nd ,ed9burgh --a relaxation s v desirable aft] h\rs ( close att5tion to arti/ic "w4 ,!y took delight 9 ! wond]ful v>iety ( picturesque sc5]y by :i* ! city is surr\nd$4 ,! walks ab\t ,ar?ur's ,seat 7 ! mo/ enjoyable ( all4 ,:5 a boy ,i _h (t5 ! pleasure ( accompany+ !m1 & ( li/5+ to _! conv]sation4 ,i ?us pick$ up _m an idea t s]v$ me well 9 aft] life4 ,inde$1 ,i may say1 aft] a long exp]i5ce1 t !re is no class ( m5 ^: company ,i m delight 9 ?an t ( arti/s4 ,_! innate & highly-cultivat$ p[] ( obs]vation1 n only z reg>ds ! ev]-v>y+ aspects ( nature1 b also z reg>ds ! qua9t1 droll1 & humor\s v>ieties ( "*1 concur 9 r5d]+ _! conv]sation mo/ delightful4 ,i look back on ^! walks z among ! brighte/ po9ts 9 my exi/5ce4 ,i h be5 l$ to digress on ?is subject4 ,al?\gh m correctly belong+ to my fa!r's life1 yet x is s amalgamat$ ) my own t x almo/ =ms "p ( x1 & x is difficult = me to sep>ate ! "o f ! o!r4 ,& !n !re 7 ! pleasant ev5+s at home4 ,:5 ! day's "w 0 ov]1 fri5ds look$ 9 to h a fireside crack--sometimes sci5tific m51 sometimes arti/s1 (t5 bo?4 ,!y 7 all made welcome4 ,!re 0 no =mality ab\t _! visits4 ,_h !y be5 =mal1 !re w\ld h be5 comp>atively little pleasure4 ,! visitor came 9 ) 8 ,good e'en1 & seat$ himself4 ,! family w5t on ) _! "w z be=e4 ,! girls 7 usually busy ) _! ne$les1 & o!rs ) p5 & p5cil4 ,my fa!r w\ld g on ) ! arti/ic "w he _h 9 h&1 = 8 indu/ry 0 incessant4 ,he w\ld model a ca/le or a tree1 or proce$ ) "s propos$ improvem5t ( ! /reets or approa*es ( ! rapidly exp&+ city4 ,among ! mo/ agreeable visitors 7 ,pr(essor ,leslie1 ,james ,j>d9e1 ,c4,e41 & ,dr4 ,brew/]4 ,_! conv]sation 0 specially int]e/+4 ,!y br\ght up ! la/ new ?+ 9 sci5ce1 9 discov]y1 9 hi/ory1 or 9 campaign+1 = ! w> 0 !n rag+ ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,! arti/s 7 a mo/ welcome addition to ! family gr\p4 ,_m a "t did !y set ! table 9 a ro> ) _! qua9t & droll del9eations ( "*4 ,^! uno/5tati\s ga!r+s ( fri5ds ab\t our fireside 7 a delightful social in/itution4 ,! remembrance ( !m lights up my recollection ( ! happie/ p]iod ( a g5]ally happy life4 ,c\ld ,i h be5 able to set =? ! brightness & *e]fulness ( ^! happy ev5+s at my fa!r's h\se1 ,i am fa9 to ?9k t my description might h be5 well wor? read+4 ,b all ! record ( !m t rema9s is a mo/ *]i%$ recollection ( _! g5ial tone & h>mony1 :i* makes me ?9k t1 al?\gh 9 ^! days ( rapid transit ov] e>? & ocean1 & surr\nd$ z we are ) ! results ( appli$ sci5tific k1 we are n a bit m happy ?an :5 all ! vaunt$ triumphs ( sci5ce & s-call$ education 7 9 embryo4 ,! supp] usually foll[$1 = my fa!r w\ld n all[ 8 visitors to g away supp]less4 ,! meal did n am\nt to mu*4 ,riz>d or ,f9nan h>ddies1 or a di% ( oy/]s1 ) a glass ( ,ed9burgh ale1 & a rumm] ( toddy1 conclud$ ^! fri5dly ev5+s4 ,! cry ( ,call] ,a\ 0 con/antly he>d 9 ! /reets bel[ ( an ev5+4 ,:5 ! lett] r 0 9 ! "n ( ! mon?1 ! supply ( oy/]s 0 abundant4 ,! fre%e/ oy/]s1 ( ! mo/ glori\s quality1 7 to be _h at #bs4 #f;d4 ! hundr$6 ,& :at c\ld be m refre%+ food = my fa!r's gue/s8 ,^! uno/5tati\s & inexp5sive ga!r+s ( fri5ds 7 a mo/ delightful social in/itution among ! be/ middle-class p ( ,ed9burgh "s sixty or sev5ty ye>s ago4 ,:at !y are n[ ,i _c tell4 ,b ,i fe> !y h disappe>$ 9 ! m %[y & co/ly ta/es t h sprung up 9 ! progress ( :at is call$ mod]n society4 ,no "p ( my fa!r's "* 0 m admirable ?an 8 utt] unselfi%ness4 ,he d5i$ himself _m ?+s1 t he might give ! great] pleasure to 8 wife & *ildr54 ,he w\ld sc>cely take "p 9 any enjoym5t1 unless !y c\ld h _! fair %>e ( x4 ,9 all ?is he 0 fai?fully foll[$ by my "m4 ,! admirable example ( well-su/a9$ indu/ry t 0 always be=e h]1 su/a9$ h] 9 h] ef=ts = ! good ( h] family4 ,%e 0 intellig5tly int]e/$ 9 all t relat$ to h] husb&'s bus9ess & int]e/s1 z well z 9 8 recreative enjoym5ts4 ,! h\sehold affairs 7 "u h] skilful guidance4 ,%e conduct$ !m ) economy1 & yet ) g5]\s lib]ality1 free f ! lea/ ta9t ( o/5tation or extravagance4 ,! home fireside 0 a sc5e ( *e]fulness4 ,& mo/ ( our family h be5 ble/ ) ?is sunny gift4 ,inde$1 a m]ri] family circle ,i h nev] se54 ,!re 7 twelve p]sons r\nd ! table to be provid$ =1 besides two s]vants4 ,?is requir$1 on my "m's "p1 a great deal ( managem5t1 z e h\sekeep] w "k4 ,yet ev]y?+ 0 provid$ & paid = )9 ! ye>'s income4 ,! family result ( my fa!r & "m's happy m>riage 0 f\r sons & sev5 daught]s4 ,patrick1 ! elde/1 0 born 9 #aghg4 ,he 0 call$ aft] my fa!r's de> & con/ant fri5d1 ,patrick ,mill] ( ,dalsw9ton4 ,i w speak by & by ( 8 arti/ic reputation4 ,!n foll[$ a long succession ( daught]s-- ,jane1 ! elde/'1 0 born 9 #aghh2 ,b>b>a #agij2 ,m>g>et 9 #agia2 ,elizabe? 9 #agic2 ,anne 9 #agih2 ,*>lotte 9 #ahjd4 ,!n came a succession ( ?ree sons--,alex&]1 ,george1& ,james4 ,!re foll[$ ano!r daught]1 ,m>y2 b z %e only liv$ = ab\t eighte5 mon?s1 ,i rema9$ ! y\nge/ ( ! family4 ,my si/]s all possess$1 9 a great] or less degree1 an innate love ( art1 & by _! dilig5t application !y acquir$ ! practice ( pa9t+ l&scape 9 oils4 ,my fa!r's admirable sy/em & me?od ( tea*+ r5d]$ !m exp]t 9 mak+ accurate sket*es f nature1 :i*1 z w aft]w>ds be se51 !y turn$ to good acc\nt4 ,my elde/ si/]1 ,jane1 0 9 all respects a mo/ e/imable "*1 & a great help to my "m 9 ! upbr++ ( ! *ildr54 ,jane 0 full ( s\nd common s5se2 h] judgm5t seem$ to be beyond h] ye>s4 ,because ( ?is ! y\ng] memb]s ( ! family jok+ly nicknam$ h] ,old ,solid6--,ev5 my fa!r consult$ h] 9 e case ( importance 9 ref]5ce to dome/ic & f9ancial affairs4 ,i _h ! great good =tune1 :5 a *ild1 to be plac$ "u h] special protection1 & ,i h reason to be ?ankful = ! affectionate c>e :i* %e took ( me dur+ ! fir/ six ye>s ( my life4 ,besides _! e>ly education 9 art1 my "m 0 equally e>ne/ 9 h] desire to give h] daught]s a ?or\gh practical k 9 e dep>tm5t & detail ( h\sehold managem5t4 ,:5 !y _h atta9$ a suitable age !y 7 9 succession put 9 *>ge ( all ! h\sehold duties = two weeks at a "t4 ,! keys 7 giv5 ov] to !m1 toge!r ) ! h\sehold books1 & at ! end ( _! "t _! books 7 balanc$ to a f>?+4 ,!y 7 !n pass$ on to ! next 9 succession4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important bran*es ( female education--! managem5t ( ! dome/ic affairs ( a family1 ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! cook+ s z to avoid wa/e ( food1 ! regul>ity ( ! meals1 & ! g5]al clean+ up ( ! rooms-- 0 ?us ?or\ghly atta9$ 9 its be/ & mo/ practical =ms4 ,& "u ! admirable sup]9t5d5ce ( my "m ev]y?+ 9 our family w5t on l clockwork4 ,my fa!r's object 0 to r5d] ea* & all ( 8 *ildr5-- :e!r boys or girls--indep5d5t on _! arrival at mature ye>s4 ,accord+ly1 he s$ul\sly kept up ! att5tion ( 8 daught]s to f9e art4 ,by ?is means he enabl$ !m to assi/ 9 ! ma9t5ance ( ! family :ile at home1 & aft]w>ds to ma9ta9 !mselves by ! ex]cise ( _! own abilities & indu/ry aft] !y _h left4 ,to accompli% ?is object1 z already describ$1 he set on foot draw+ classes1 :i* 7 manag$ by 8 six daught]s1 sup]9t5d$ by himself4 ,ed9burgh 0 at t "t ! resort ( _m c\nty families4 ,! w> :i* rag$ abroad prev5t$ _! go+ to ! ,cont95t4 ,!y !re=e rema9$ at home1 & ! ,scot* families = ! mo/ "p took up _! resid5ce 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,!re 7 _m "y ladies desir+ to complete _! accompli%m5ts1 & h5ce ! e/abli%m5t ( my si/]s' art class4 ,x 0 held 9 ! l>ge pa9t+-room 9 ! upp] "p ( ! h\se4 ,x soon became "o ( ! mo/ successful in/itutions 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,:5 n engag$ 9 draw+ & oil pa9t+1 ! "y ladies 7 occupi$ 9 sket*+ f nature1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( my si/]s1 9 ! outskirts ( ,ed9burgh4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! mo/ delightful ex]cises 9 :i* !y c\ld be engag$2 & x also =m$ ! f\ndation = _m fri5d%ips :i* only t]m9at$ ) life4 ,my fa!r increas$ ! int]e/ ( ! classes by giv+ little art lectures4 ,!y 7 famili> b practical4 ,he nev] gave lectures z su*1 b r demon/rations4 ,x 0 only :5 a pupil enc\nt]$ "s te*nical difficulty1 or 0 adopt+ "s wrong me?od ( proce$+1 t he und]took to guide !m by 8 words & practical illu/rations4 ,8 object 0 to embue ! m9ds ( ! pupils ) high pr9ciples ( art4 ,he w\ld take up _! bru%es & %[ by 8 dext]\s & effective t\*es h[ to br+ out1 ) m>vell\s ease1 ! "r effects ( ! l&scape4 ,! o!r pupils w\ld come & /& beh9d him1 to see & he> 8 cle> in/ructions c>ri$ into actual practice on ! "w be=e him4 ,he (t5 illu/rat$ 8 little special lessons by 8 /ores ( in/ructive & int]e/+ anecdotes1 :i* no d\bt help$ to rivet 8 practice all ! deep] into _! m9ds4 ,?us ! ,nasmy? classes soon became ! fa%ion4 ,9 _m cases bo? mo!rs & daught]s might be se5 at "w toge!r 9 t delightful pa9t+-room4 ,i h occasionally met ) "s ( !m 9 aft] ye>s1 :o ref]r$ to ^? pleasant h\rs z among ! mo/ delightful !y _h ev] sp5t4 ,^! classes 7 cont9u$ = _m ye>s4 ,9 ! meantime my si/]s' dilig5ce & con/ant practice enabl$ !m 9 c\rse ( "t to exhibit _! works 9 ! f9e art exhibitions ( ,ed9burgh4 ,ea* _h h] own individuality ( /yle & mann]1 by :i* _! sev]al works 7 easily di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r4 ,inde$1 :oev] works aft] ,nature w h a /yle ( _! own4 ,!y all cont9u$ ! practice ( oil pa9t+ until an advanc$ age4 ,! av]age duration ( _! lives 0 ab\t sev5ty-eight4 ,!re 0 "o po9t :i* my fa!r dilig5tly impress$ ^u 8 pupils1 & t 0 ! felicity & ! happ9ess att5dant ^u p5cil draw+4 ,he 0 a ma/] ( ! p5cil1 & 9 8 (f-h& sket*es communicat$ 8 ideas to o!rs 9 a way t m]e words c\ld nev] h done4 ,x 0 8 ,graphic ,language4 ,a few /rokes ( ! p5cil c convey ideas :i* quires ( writ+ w\ld fail to imp>t4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ valuable gifts :i* a man :o has to d ) practical subjects c possess4 ,! language ( ! p5cil is a truly univ]sal "o1 especially 9 communicat+ ideas :i* h ref]5ce to mat]ial =ms4 ,& yet x is 9 a great measure neglect$ 9 our mod]n sy/em ( education4 ,! language ( ! tongue is (t5 us$ to disguise our ?\ghts1 :]eas ! language ( ! p5cil is cle> & explicit4 ,:o t possesses ?is language c fail to look back ) pleasure on ! c\rse ( a j\rney illu/rat$ by p5cil draw+s8 ,!y br+ back to y ! l&scapes y h se51 ! old /reets1 ! po9t$ gables1 ! entrances to ! old *ur*es1 ev5 ! bits ( trac]y1 ) a vividness ( association su* z m]e words c\ld nev] convey4 ,?us1 look+ at an old sket*-book br+s back to y ! recollection ( a t\r1 h[ev] v>i$1 & y virtually make ! j\rney ov] aga9 ) its picturesque & beautiful associations4 ,on _m a f9e summ]'s day did my si/]s make a picnic excursion into ! neighb\rhood ( ,ed9burgh4 ,!y 7 accompani$ by _! pupils1 sket*-book & p5cil 9 h&4 ,z ,i h already said1 !re is no su* sc5]y ne> any city t ,i "k (4 ,ar?ur's ,seat & ,salisbury ,crags1 ,dudd+/on ,lo*1 ! ,braid ,hills1 ,craigmill> ,ca/le1 ,haw?ornd51 ,rosl91 ,habbie's ,h[1 & ! _m valleys & rifts 9 ! ,p5tl&s1 ) ,ed9burgh & its ,ca/le 9 ! di/ance2 or ! sc5]y by ! sea-%ore1 all r\nd ! coa/ f ,ne:av5 to ,gullane & ,nor? ,b]wick ,law4 ,! excursioni/s came home lad5 ) sket*es4 ,i h /ill by me a multitude ( ^! graphic records made by my si/]s4 ,ea* sket*1 h[ev] slight1 /rikes ! keynote1 z x 71 to _m happy recollections ( ! circum/ances1 & ! p]sons :o 7 pres5t at ! "t x 0 made4 ,i "k n ( any su* effective /imulant to ! recollection ( pa/ ev5ts z ^! graphic memor&a4 ,writt5 words may be =gott51 b ^! slight p5cil recollections impr9t !mselves on ! m9d ) a =ce t c nev] be effac$4 ,ev]y?+ t occurr$ at ! "t rises up z fre% 9 ! memory z if h\rs & n ye>s _h pass$ s9ce !n4 ,!y br+ to ! m9d's eye _m de> ones :o h pass$ away1 & rem9d u t we too mu/ foll[ !m4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ?is valuable art ( graphic memor&a is n m g5]ally practis$4 ,x is n m]ely a mo/ valuable help to ! memory1 b x educates ! eye & ! h&1 & enables u to cultivate ! faculty ( def9ite obs]vation4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ valuable accompli%m5ts t ,i "k (1 be+ ! means ( /or+ up ideas1 & n m]e words1 9 ! m5tal recollection ( bo? m5 & wom54 ,be=e ,i proce$ to record ! recollections ( my own life1 ,i wi% to say some?+ ab\t my elde/ bro!r ,patrick1 ! well-kn[n l&scape pa9t]4 ,he 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s old] ?an myself6 ,my fa!r 0 8 be/ & almo/ 8 only in/ructor4 ,at a v e>ly age he manife/$ a decid$ ta/e = draw+ & pa9t+4 ,8 b5t 0 l&scape4 ,?is gave my fa!r great pleasure1 z x 0 8 own fav\rite bran* ( art4 ,! boy acquir$ great skill 9 sket*+ trees1 cl\ds1 plants1 & =egr\nds4 ,he /udi$ ) wond]ful assiduity & success4 ,i possess _m ( 8 graphic memor&a1 :i* %[ ! c>e & indu/ry ) :i* he educat$ 8 eye & h& 9 r5d]+ ) tru? & fidelity ! intimate details ( 8 art4 ,! wild plants :i* he introduc$ into ! =egr\nds ( 8 pictures 7 8 fav\rite objects ( /udy4 ,b ( all portions ( l&scape nature1 ! ,sky 0 ! "o t mo/ delight$ him4 ,he /udi$ ! =m & "* ( cl\ds--re/+ cl\d1 ! driv+ cl\d1 & ! ra9 cl\d--& ! sky portions ( 8 pa9t+s 7 ?us r5d]$ s beautifully attractive4 ,he 0 s e>ne/ 9 8 devotion to ! /udy ( l&scape t 9 "s respects he neglect$ ! ord9>y r\t9e ( s*ool education4 ,he successfully accompli%$ ! ?ree ,r4's1 b aft] t 8 s*ool 0 ! fields1 9 ! face ( ,nature4 ,he 0 by no means a ,romantic pa9t]4 ,8 ta/e 0 ess5tially = ,home subjects4 ,9 8 l&scapes he introduc$ picturesque f>m-h\ses & cottages1 ) _! rural surr\nd+s2 & 8 advancem5t & success 7 comm5surate ) 8 devotion to ?is f9e bran* ( art4 ,! p]fect tru? ) :i* he repres5t$ ,engli% sc5]y1 associat$ z x is ) s _m home-lov+ feel+s1 =ms ! special attractiv5ess ( 8 works4 ,?is has caus$ !m to be eag]ly s\ght aft]1 & pur*as$ at high prices4 ,patrick _h a ke5 s5se ( hum\r1 ?\gh 9 o!r respects he 0 simple & unpret5d+4 ,he 0 a great read] ( old-fa%ion$ novels1 :i* inde$ 9 ^? days 7 ! only works ( ! k9d to be met )4 ,! ,arabian ,nights1 ,rob9son crusoe1 ,! ,my/]ies ( ,udolpho1 & su* l1 7 8 fav\rites1 & gave a heal?y filip to 8 imag9ation4 ,he _h also a ke5 reli% = music1 & us$ to :i/le melodies & ov]tures z he w5t along ) 8 "w4 ,he acquir$ a fair skill 9 viol9 play+4 ,:ile tir$ ) sitt+ or /&+ he w\ld take up 8 viol91 play a few passages1 & !n g to "w aga94 ,patrick remov$ to ,london 9 #ahjh1 & exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,he made excursions to v>i\s p>ts ( ,engl&1 :]e he f\nd subjects cong5ial to 8 ideas ( rural beauty4 ,! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ,london1 h[ev]1 a b\nd$ ) ! mo/ *>m+ & appropriate subjects = 8 p5cil4 ,^! consi/$ ( rural bits ( ! mo/ picturesque b homely description--decay$ poll>d trees & old moss-gr[n or*>ds1 comb9$ ) cottages & f>m-h\ses 9 ! mo/ pa9table /ate ( decay1 ) tangl$ h$ges & neglect$ f5ces1 ov]run ) vegetation cl++ to !m ) all ! c>eless grace ( ,nature4 ,h[ev] neglect$ ^! might be by ! f>m]1 !y 7 always tit-bits = ,patrick4 ,:5 sket*+ su* subjects he 0 9 8 glory1 & he return$ to 8 easel load$ ) sket*-book treasures1 :i* :5 pa9t$ =m ! gems ( _m a collection4 ,9 "s ( ^! *>m+ subjects glimpses ( ! di/ant capital may be obs]v$1 ) ! dome ( ,/4 ,paul's 9 ! di/ance2 b !y are introduc$ ) su* skill & correctness z 9 no way to int]f]e ) ! rural "* ( 8 subject4 ,:5 he w5t f>!r afield --to ,w9dsor ,=e/1 ,hamp%ire1 ! ,new ,=e/1 or ! ,isle ( ,wight --he 0 equally dilig5t ) 8 p5cil1 & came home lad5 ) sket*es ( ! old mon>*s ( ! =e/4 ,:5 9 a /ate ( p>tial decay 8 skilful t\* br\ght !m to life aga91 lad5 ) bran*es & li*51 ) leaves & twigs & b>k1 & ) e feature t gives su* a *>m to ^! important elem5ts 9 true ,engli% l&scape sc5]y4 ,on my bro!r's fir/ visit to ,london1 accompani$ by my fa!r1 he visit$ _m collections :]e ! old ,dut* ma/]s 7 to be se51 & he d\btless d]iv$ mu* advantage f 8 c>eful /udies1 m p>ticul>ly f ! works ( ,hobbema1 ,ruysdael1 & ,wynants4 ,^! came home to him z repres5tations ( ,nature z %e is4 ,!y 7 m free f ! traditional modes ( repres5t+ h]4 ,! works ( ,claude ,lorra9e & ,ri*>d ,wilson 7 also ! objects ( 8 admiration1 ?\gh ! influ5ce ( ! "t = classicality ( treatm5t to a c]ta9 ext5t vitiat$ ^! noble works4 ,:5 a glori\s sunset 0 obs]v$1 ! usual expression among ! lov]s ( art 01 ,:at a magnific5t ,claudi% effect6 ?us sett+ up ! result ( man's feeble attempt at repres5tation z ! /&>d ( comp>ison1 9 place ( ! f> gr&] orig9al6 ,my bro!r c>efully /udi$ ,nature h]self4 ,8 works1 foll[+ ^? ( my fa!r1 l$ back ! public ta/e to a m heal?y & true condition1 & by ! aid ( a noble army ( mod]n ,briti% l&scape pa9t]s1 ?is dep>tm5t ( art has be5 elevat$ to a v high /&>d ( tru? & excell5ce4 ,i f9d "s lett]s f ,patrick to my fa!r1 aft] 8 settlem5t z an arti/ 9 ,london4 ,my fa!r seems to h suppli$ him ) money dur+ ! e>ly "p ( 8 c>e]1 & aft]w>ds until he _h receiv$ ! am\nt ( 8 commissions = pictures4 ,9 "o ( 8 lett]s he says3 ,t 0 an unlucky bus9ess1 ! loss ( t ord] :i* y 7 s good z s5d me on my acc\nt4 ,x turn$ out t ! ord] _h dropt out ( ! lett] enclos+ x1 & 0 n recov]$4 ,9 fact1 ,patrick 0 v c>eless ab\t all money transactions4 ,9 #ahad he made ! acqua9tance ( ,mr4 ,b>nes1 & accompani$ him to ,bure ,cottage1 ,r+wood1 ne> ,s\?ampton1 :]e he rema9$ = "s "t4 ,he w5t into ! ,new ,=e/1 & br\ght home lots ( sket*es4 ,9 #ahae he exhibit$ 8 works at ! ,royal ,academy4 ,he writes to 8 fa!r t ! prices ( my pictures 9 ! ,gall]y are-- two at f\rte5 gu9eas ea* 7small views 9 ,hamp%ire71 "o at twelve gu9eas1 & two at f\rte5 gu9eas4 ,!y are all sold b "o4 ,^! pictures w\ld n[ fet* 9 ! op5 m>ket f two to ?ree hundr$ gu9eas ea*4 ,b 9 ^? days good "w 0 little kn[n1 & l&scapes especially 7 v little s\ght aft]4 ,patrick ,nasmy?'s admirable r5d]+ ( ! f9] portions ( l&scape nature attract$ ! att5tion ( collectors1 & he receiv$ _m commissions f !m at v l[ prices4 ,!re 0 at t "t a wret*$ sy/em ( delay+ ! paym5t = pictures pa9t$ on commission1 z well z consid]able loss ( "t by ! con/ant applications made = ! settlem5t ( ! balance4 ,my bro!r 0 accord+ly "u ! necessity ( pa9t+ 8 pictures = ! ,deal]s1 :o gave him at once ! price :i* he requir$ = 8 works4 ,! influ5ce ( ?is sy/em 0 n always satisfactory4 ,! ,middlem5 or ,deal]s1 :o /ood betwe5 ! arti/ & ! f9al possessor ( ! works1 7 n g5]\s4 ,!y higgl$ ab\t prices1 & ! sums :i* !y gave 7 almo/ inf9itesimal comp>$ ) ! value ( ,patrick ,nasmy?'s pictures at ! pres5t "t4 ,! ,deal]s 7 frequ5t visitors at 8 little pa9t+-room 9 8 lodg+s4 ,!y took undue advantage ( my bro!r's simplicity & innate mode/y 9 reg>d to ! comm]cial value ( 8 works4 ,:5 he _h sket*$ 9 a beautiful subject1 & :5 x 0 cle> t 9 its highe/ /ate ( developm5t x mu/ prove a f9e "w1 ! ,deal] w\ld pile up be=e him a r[ ( gu9eas1 or sov]eigns1 & say1 ,n[1 ,pet]1 t picture's to be m9e61 ,! real pres5ce ( ca% prov$ too mu* = him4 ,he nev] 0 a practical man4 ,he agre$ to ! proposal1 & ?us he p>t$ ) 8 pictures = mu* less ?an !y 7 wor?4 ,he 0 (t5 remon/rat$ ) by 8 bro!r arti/s = lett+ !m slip out ( 8 h&s 9 t way--works t he w\ld n surr5d] until he _h complet$ !m1 & br\ght !m up to ! highe/ po9t ( 8 fa/idi\s ta/e & /&>d ( excell5ce4 ,among 8 de>e/ fri5ds 7 ,david ,rob]ts & ,cl>kson ,/anfield4 ,he usually repli$ to _! fri5dly remon/rances by laugh+ly po9t+ to 8 bur/+ portfolios ( sket*es1 & say+1 ,!re's lots ( money 9 ^! banks to draw f4 ,he ?us w>d$ (f _! e>ne/ & (t5-repeat$ remon/rances4 ,be+ a s+le man1 & 8 habits & /yle ( liv+ ( ! mo/ simple k9d1 he _h v little reg>d = money except z x m9i/]$ to 8 imm$iate necessities4 ,8 ev5+s 7 g5]ally sp5t at a club ( bro!r arti/s ov] ! wat]2 & 9 _! company he enjoy$ _m a pleasant h\r4 ,8 days 7 sp5t at 8 easel4 ,!y 7 occasionally v>i$ by long walks into ! c\ntry ne> ,london1 = ! purpose ( refill+ 8 sket*-book4 ,x 0 on "o ( su* occasions--:5 he 0 sket*+ ! details ( "s picturesque poll>d old will[s up ! ,?ames1 & /&+ all ! "t 9 wet gr\nd--t he caught a sev]e cold :i* conf9$ him to ! h\se4 ,he rapidly became worse4 ,two ( 8 si/]s1 :o happ5$ to be 9 ,london at ! "t1 nurs$ him ) devot$ att5tion4 ,b x 0 too late4 ,! disease _h tak5 fatal hold ( him4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ! l#g? ,augu/ #ahca !re 0 a viol5t ?und]/orm4 ,at l5g? ! peals ( ?und] ceas$1 ! ra9 pass$ away1 & ! cl\ds disp]s$4 ,! sett+ sun bur/ =? 9 a gold5 gl[4 ,! pati5t turn$ r\nd on 8 c\* & ask$ t ! curta9s might be drawn4 ,x 0 done4 ,a blaze ( sunset lit up 8 we>y & worn-out face4 ,h[ glori\s x is6 he said4 ,!n1 z ! gl[ vani%$ he fell into a deep & tranquil sleep1 f :i* he nev] awoke4 ,su* 0 ! peaceful end ( my bro!r ,patrick1 at ! comp>atively e>ly age ( =ty-f\r ye>s4 ,,*apt] #d4 ,my ,e>ly ,ye>s4 ,i ,,0 born on ! morn+ ( ! #ai? ( ,augu/ #ahjh1 at my fa!r's h\se ,no4 #dg ,york ,place1 ,ed9burgh4 ,i 0 nam$ ,james ,hall aft] my fa!r's de> fri5d1 ,sir ,james ,hall ( ,dunglass4 ,my "m aft]w>ds told me t ,i mu/ h be5 a v notic9' bairn1 z %e obs]v$ me1 :5 ,i 0 only a few days old1 foll[+ ) my little eyes any "o :o happ5$ to be 9 ! room1 z if ,i _h be5 ?9k+ to my little self1 ,:o are y8 ,aft] a suitable "t ,i 0 put "u ! c>e ( a nursemaid4 ,i rememb] h] well--,m>y ,pet]k9--a truly ,sc&9avian "n4 ,%e came f ,hadd+ton%ire1 :]e mo/ ( ! p are ( ,sc&9avian orig94 ,h] hair 0 ( a bright yell[ t9t4 ,%e 0 a *e]ful "y woman1 & sang to me l a night+ale4 ,%e c\ld n only s+ old ,scot* songs1 b _h a wond]ful memory = fairy tales4 ,:5 "u ! influ5ce ( a m]ry laugh1 y c\ld sc>cely see h] eyes2 _! tw9kle 0 hidd5 by h] eyelids & la%es4 ,%e 0 a will+ work]1 & 0 always ready to l5d a help+ h& at ev]y?+ ab\t ! h\se1 %e took great pride 9 me1 call+ me h] laddie4 ,:5 ,i 0 toddl+ ab\t ! h\se1 ano!r si/] 0 born1 ! la/ ( ! family4 ,little ,m>y 0 v delicate2 & to improve h] heal? %e 0 s5t to a small f>m-h\se at ,braid ,hills1 ab\t f\r miles s\? ( ,ed9burgh4 ,x 0 "o ( ! mo/ rural & beautiful surr\nd+s ( ! city at t "t4 ,"o ( my e>lie/ recollections is t ( be+ tak5 to see poor little ,m>y at ! f>m]'s h\se4 ,:ile my nursemaid 0 occupi$ 9 inquir+ aft] my si/]1 ,i 0 attract$ by ! bright r$ poppies 9 a neighb\r+ field4 ,:5 !y made se>* = me ,i c\ld n be f\nd4 ,i 0 lo/ = m ?an an h\r4 ,at la/1 see+ a slight local di/urbance among ! /alks ( corn1 !y ru%$ to !y spot1 & br\ght me out ) an armful ( brilliant r$ poppies4 ,to ?is day poppies cont9ue to be my greate/ fav\rites4 ,:5 ,i 0 ab\t f\r or five ye>s old1 ,i 0 obs]v$ to give a decid$ pref]5ce to ! use ( my left h&4 ,ev]y?+ 0 done to prev5t my us+ x 9 pref]5ce to ! "r4 ,my "m ?\ght t x arose f my be+ c>ri$ on ! wrong arm by my nurse :ile an infant4 ,! "r h& 0 ?us conf9$1 & ! left h& 0 us$4 ,i 0 con/antly correct$1 b on ! sly ,i always us$ x1 especially 9 draw+ my fir/ little sket*es4 ,at la/ my fa!r1 aft] view+ ) pleasure "o ( my arti/ic ef=ts1 done ) ! =bidd5 h&1 grant$ x lib]ty & indep5d5ce = all "t com+4 ,well1 he said1 y may g on 9 y\r own way 9 ! use ( y\r left h&1 b ,i fe> y w be an awkw>d fell[ 9 ev]y?+ t requires h&9ess 9 life4 ,i us$ my "r h& 9 all t 0 necess>y1 & my left 9 all sorts ( practical manipulative affairs4 ,my left h& has accord+ly be5 my mo/ will+ & ob$i5t s]vant 9 transmitt+ my w ?r\gh my f+]s into mat]ial or visible =ms4 ,9 ?is way ,i became ambidext]4 ,:5 ,i 0 ab\t f\r ye>s old1 ,i (t5 foll[$ my fa!r into 8 work%op :5 he _h occasion to %[ to 8 visitors "s ( 8 me*anical contrivances or arti/ic models4 ,! p]sons pres5t usually express$ _! admiration 9 w>m t]ms ( :at 0 %[n to !m4 ,on "o occasion ,i g5tly pull$ ! coat-tail ( "o ( ! li/5]s & confid5tially said to him1 z if ,i knew all ab\t x1 ,my papa's a kevie ,fellae6 ,my fa!r 0 s greatly amus$ by ?is rem>k t he (t5 ref]r$ to x z ! la/ good ?+ f t old-fa%ion$ creature little ,jamie4 ,"o ( my e>lie/ recollections is ! annual celebration ( my bro!r ,patrick's bir?day4 ,be+ ! elde/ ( ! family1 8 bir?day 0 held 9 special hon\r4 ,my fa!r invit$ ab\t tw5ty ( 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds to d9n]4 ,my "m br\ght h] cul9>y p[]s into full op]ation4 ,! y\ng] memb]s ( ! family also took a lively int]e/ 9 all t 0 go+ on1 ) c]ta9 rev]sion>y views z to ! day aft] ! fea/4 ,we took a great int]e/ 9 ! ,trifle1 :i* 0 no trifle 9 reality1 9 s f> z reg>d$ ! c>e & anxiety involv$ 9 its prep>ation4 ,9 connection ) ?is celebration1 x 0 all e/abli%$ in/itution t a l>ge hamp] always arriv$ 9 good "t f ! f>m atta*$ to my "m's old home at ,woodhall1 ne> ,ed9burgh4 ,x conta9$ _m sub/antial elem5ts = ! ent]ta9m5t--a f9e turkey1 f[ls1 duck1 & su*like2 ) two magnums ( ! ri*e/ cream4 ,!re nev] 0 su* cream6 ,x e/abli%$ a /&>d ( cream 9 my memory2 & s9ce !n ,i h always be5 hyp]critical ab\t ! article4 ,on "o ( ^! occasions1 :5 ,i 0 ab\t f\r ye>s old1 & be+ ! y\nge/ ( ! family1 ,i 0 tak5 into ! company aft] ! d9n] 0 ov]1 & held up by my si/] ,jane to s+ a v]se f a little song :i* my nurse ,m>y ,pet]k9 _h taught me1 & ,:i* ran ?us3 ,i'll no bide till ,saturday1 ,b ,i'll awa' tile morn1 ,an' foll[ ,donald ,hiel&man1 ,an' c>ry 8 poo!r-horn4 ,?is 0 my fir/ & la/ vocal p]=mance4 ,x 0 receiv$ ) great applause4 ,9 fact1 x 0 encor$4 ,! ^w poo!r1 :i* ,i pron\nc$ pootle1 excit$ ! en?usiasm ( ! audi5ce4 ,i 0 !n s5t to b$ ) a bit ( plum-cake1 & 0 d\btless awak5$ e>ly next morn+ by ! irritation ( ! dri$ crumbs ( ! previ\s night's fea/4 ,i am rem9d$1 by read+ ov] a lett] ( my bro!r ,patrick's1 ( an awkw>d circum/ance t happ5$ to me :5 ,i 0 six ye>s old4 ,9 8 lett] to my fa!r1 dat$ ,london1 #bb;d ,septemb] #ahad1 he says3 ,i did get a surprise :5 ,m>g>et's lett] in=m$ me ( my little bro!r ,jamie's fall4 ,x 0 a wond]ful escape4 ,= ,god's sake keep an eye ^u him6 ,l o!r /rong & heal?y boys1 ,i _h a turn = amus+ myself 9 my own way4 ,:5 slid+ d[n ! rail+ ( ! /airs ,i lo/ my grip & fell sudd5ly ov]4 ,! /eps 7 ( /one4 ,=tunately1 ! s]vants 7 j com+ up lad5 ) c>pets :i* !y _h be5 beat+4 ,i fell into _! mid/ & knock$ !m out ( _! h&s4 ,i 0 ?us sav$ f crack+ my poor little skull4 ,b = t !re might h be5 no /eam hamm]--at lea/ ( my contrivance6 ,ev]y?+ connect$ ) w> & w>like exploits is int]e/+ to a boy4 ,! w> ) ,france 0 !n 9 full progress4 ,troops & b&s p>ad$ ! /reets4 ,recruits 7 s5t away z fa/ z !y c\ld be drill$4 ,! :ole air 0 fill$ ) w>4 ,ev]ybody 0 full ( excitem5t ab\t ! progress ( ev5ts 9 ,spa94 ,:5 ! great guns boom$ =? f ! ,ca/le1 ! p 7 fir/ />tl$4 ,!n !y 7 surpris$ & anxi\s4 ,!re _h be5 a battle & a victory6 ,:o _h fall58 0 ! fir/ ?\ght 9 _m m9ds4 ,:]e _h ! battle be51 & :at 0 ! victory8 ,bus9ess 0 susp5d$4 ,p ru%$ ab\t ! /reets to asc]ta9 ! facts4 ,x might h be5 at ,salamanca1 ,talav]a1 or ,vittoria4 ,b a long "t elaps$ be=e ! details c\ld be receiv$2 & dur+ t "t sad susp5se & anxiety prevail$ 9 almo/ e h\sehold4 ,!re 0 no telegraph !n4 ,x 0 only aft] ! ,gazette _h be5 publi%$ t p knew :o _h fall5 & :o _h surviv$4 ,! w> proce$$4 ,! volunte]+ :i* w5t on at ! "t gave q a milit>y aspect to ! city4 ,i rememb] h[ odd x appe>$ to me to see "s well-kn[n faces & figures metamorphos$ into soldi]s ,x 0 consid]$ a te/ ( loyalty z well z ( patriotism1 to give "t1 money1 & leisure to take up ! arms ( def5ce1 & to practise daily 9 milit>y uni=m 9 ! ,mead[s or on ,bruntsfield ,l9ks4 ,w9d[s 7 ?r[n up to he> ! b&s play+ at ! head ( ! troops1 & cr[ds ( boys1 full ( milit>y ard\r1 w5t1 z usual1 h& to h& 9 front ( ! drums & fifes4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! procession to my m9d 0 ! pione]s 9 front1 ) _! lea!r aprons1 _! axes & saws1 & _! big hairy caps & be>ds4 ,!y 7 to me s sugge/ive ( cle>+ ! way ?r\gh h$ges & =e/s1 & ( :at w> 0 9 its actual progress4 ,e victory 0 foll[$ by ! importation ( l>ge numb]s ( ,fr5* prison]s4 ,_m ( !m 7 s5t to ,ed9burgh ,ca/le4 ,!y 7 p]mitt$ to relieve ! t$ium ( _! conf9em5t by manufactur+ & sell+ toys2 workboxes1 broo*es1 & c>v$ "w ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,9 ! con/ruction ( ^! !y exhibit$ great skill1 ta/e1 & judgm5t4 ,!y c>v$ !m out ( bits ( bone & wood4 ,! patt]ns 7 mo/ beautiful2 & !y 7 +5i\sly & ta/efully ornam5t$4 ,! articles 7 to be _h = a m]e trifle1 al?\gh fit to be plac$ ) ! mo/ *oice objects ( arti/ic skill4 ,^! poor prison]s ( w> 7 all[$ to "w at _! ta/eful h&icrafts 9 small %$s or tempor>y work%ops at ! ,ca/le1 beh9d ! palisades :i* sep>at$ !m f _! free cu/om]s outside4 ,!re 0 j room betwe5 ! b>s ( ! palisades = !m to h& ?r\gh _! exquisite works1 & to receive 9 return ! mode/ prices :i* !y *>g$4 ,! front ( ^! palisades became a fav\rite resort = ! inhabitants ( ,ed9burgh2 & especially = ! "y folks4 ,i well rememb] be+ impress$ ) ! contra/ betwe5 ! almo/ savage aspect ( ^! d>k-hair$ =eign]s1 & ! neat & delicate produce ( _! skilful f+]s4 ,at ! peace ( #ahad1 :i* foll[$ ! siege ( ,p>is1 great rejoic+s & illum9ations took place1 9 ! belief t ! w> 0 at an end4 ,! ,fr5* prison]s 7 s5t back to _! own c\ntry1 alas6 to appe> aga9 be=e u at ,wat]loo4 ,! lib]ation ( ^? conf9$ 9 ,ed9burgh ,ca/le 0 accompani$ by an extraord9>y sc5e4 ,! ,fr5* prison]s m>*$ d[n to ! transport %ips at ,lei? by tor*light4 ,all ! t[n 0 out to see !m4 ,!y pass$ 9 milit>y procession ?r\gh ! pr9cipal /reets1 s++ z !y m>*$ along _! revolution>y airs1 ,ca lra & ,! ,m>seillaise4 ,! wild en?usiasm ( ^! hagg>d-look+ m51 lit up by tor*light & accompani$ by ! *e]s ( ! d5se cr[d :i* l9$ ! /reets & fill$ ! w9d[s1 made an impression on my m9d t ,i c nev] =get4 ,a ye> pass$4 ,napoleon return$ f ,elba1 & 0 rejo9$ by ne>ly all 8 old fight+-m54 ,i well rememb]1 "y z ,i 01 an assembly ( ! inhabitants ( ,ed9burgh 9 ,*>lotte ,squ>e1 to bid f>ewell to ! troops & (fic]s !n 9 g>rison4 ,x 0 a f9e summ] ev5+ :5 ?is sad meet+ took place4 ,! b&s 7 play+ z _! la/ p]=mance1 ,g :]e glory waits !e6 ,! air br\ght te>s to _m eyes2 = _m :o 7 9 ! ranks might nev] return4 ,aft] _m a h&-%ak+1 ! troops m>*$ to ! ,ca/le1 previ\s to _! e>ly emb>kation = ! ,l[ ,c\ntries on ! foll[+ morn+4 ,!n came ,wat]loo & ! victory6 ,! ,ca/le guns boom$ =? aga92 & ! /reets 7 fill$ ) p anxi\s to he> ! news4 ,at la/ came ! ,gazette fill$ ) ! details ( ! kill$ & w\nd$4 ,_m a he>t 0 brok51 _m a fireside 0 made desolate4 ,x 0 inde$ a sad "t4 ,! t]rible anxiety t p]vad$ s _m families2 ! dreadful sacrifice ( lives on s _m battlefields2 & ! enorm\sly increas$ taxation1 :i* caus$ s _m families to /9t !mselves to ev5 ! b>e/ necess>ies ( life2--su* 0 ! +lori\s side ( w>4 ,b !re 0 also ! glory1 :i* almo/ comp5sat$ = ! sorr[4 ,i _c resi/ n>rat+ ! entry ( ! ,=ty-second ,regim5t into ,ed9burgh %ortly aft] ! battle ( ,wat]loo4 ,! old ,black ,wat* is a regim5t de> to e ,scotti% he>t4 ,x has f\ght & /ruggl$ :5 resi/ance 0 almo/ c]ta9 dea?4 ,at ,quatre ,bras two flank companies 7 cut to pieces by ,pire's cavalry4 ,! re/ ( ! regim5t 0 assail$ by ,reille's furi\s cannonade1 & suff]$ sev]ely4 ,! ,fr5* 7 beat5 back1 & ! remnant ( ! ,=ty-second retir$ to ,wat]loo1 :]e !y =m$ "p ( ! brigade "u ,major-,g5]al ,pack4 ,at ! fir/ gr& *>ge ( ! ,fr5*1 ,picton fell & _m 7 kill$4 ,!n ! *>ge ( ! ,greys took place1 & ! ,highl& regim5ts ru%$ =w>d1 ) cries ( ,scotl& = ev]6 ,only a remnant ( ! ,=ty-second surviv$4 ,!y 7 h[ev] recruit$1 & m>*$ into ,france ) ! re/ ( ! army4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! ye> ! ,=ty-,second return$ to ,engl&1 & 9 ! beg9n+ ( #ahaf !y set out on _! m>* t[>ds ,ed9burgh4 ,!y 7 ev]y:]e welcom$ ) en?usiasm4 ,cr[ds turn$ out to meet !m & *e] !m4 ,:5 ! fir/ division ( ! regim5t approa*$ ,ed9burgh1 almo/ ! entire population turn$ out to welcome !m4 ,at ,musselburgh1 six miles (f2 ! road 0 ?rong$ ) p4 ,:5 ! soldi]s rea*$ ,pi]%ill1 two miles (f1 ! road 0 s cr[d$ t x took !m two h\rs to rea* ! ,ca/le4 ,i 0 on a balcony 9 ! upp] "p ( ! ,high ,/reet1 & my fa!r1 "m1 & si/]s 7 ) me4 ,we _h wait$ v long2 b at la/ we he>d ! di/ant s\nd ( ! *e]s1 :i* came on & on1 l\d] & l\d]4 ,! ,high ,/reet 0 w$g$ ) p excit$ & anxi\s4 ,!re seem$ sc>cely room = a regim5t to m>* ?r\gh !m4 ,! h\se-tops & w9d[s 7 cr[d$ ) spectators4 ,x 0 a gr& sight4 ,! high-gabl$ h\ses rea*+ z f> z ! eye c\ld see1 ,/4 ,giles' ) its mural cr[n1 ! ,tron ,kirk 9 ! di/ance1 & ! picturesque details ( ! build+s1 all add$ to ! effectiv5ess ( ! sc5e4 ,at la/ ! head ( ! gallant b& appe>$4 ,! r$ coats gradually w$g$ _! way ?r\gh ! cr[d1 amid/ ! r++ ( bells & ! *e]s ( ! spectators4 ,e w9d[ 0 9 a wave ( gladness1 & e h\se-top 0 9 a fev] ( excitem5t4 ,z ! r$ l9e pass$ our balcony1 ) ,colonel ,dick at its head1 we saw a sight t c nev] be =gott54 ,! r$-&-:ite plumes1 ! tatt]$ col\rs riddl$ ) bullets1 ! glitt]+ bayonets1 7 se5 amid/ ! cr[d t ?rong$ r\nd ! gallant h]oes1 amid/ te>s & *e]s & h&-%ak+s & %\ts ( excitem5t4 ,! mass ( m5 appe>$ l a solid body mov+ sl[ly along2 ! soldi]s be+ almo/ hidd5 among/ ! cr[d4 ,at la/ !y pass$1 ! pip]s & drums play+ a ,highl& m>*2 & ! ,=ty-,second sl[ly ent]$ ! ,ca/le4 ,x 0 p]haps ! mo/ extraord9>y sc5e ev] witness$ 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,"o ( my greate/ enjoym5ts :5 a *ild 0 9 go+ out ) ! s]vants to ! ,calton1 & wait :ile ! claes blea*$ 9 ! sun on ! grassy slopes ( ! hill4 ,! air 0 bright & fre% & pure4 ,! lasses reg>d$ ^! occasions z a sort ( holiday4 ,"o or two ( ! *ildr5 usually accompani$ !m4 ,!y sat toge!r1 & ! s]vants told u _! auld-w>ld /ories2 common en\gh 9 ^? days1 b :i* h n[1 9 a measure1 be5 =gott54 ,/eam & progress h made ! _w mu* less y\?ful & joy\s ?an x 0 !n4 ,! wom5 br\ght _! "w & _! ne$les ) !m1 & :5 !y _h told _! /ories1 ! *ildr5 ran ab\t ! hill mak+ bun*es ( wild fl[]s--includ+ h>ebells & wild ?yme4 ,!y ran aft] ! butt]flies & ! bumbees1 & made acqua9tance 9 a small way ) ! beauties ( nature4 ,!n ! s]vants op5$ _! baskets ( provisions1 & we _h a delightful picnic4 ,?\gh ,i am n[ writ+ ab\t sev5ty ye>s aft] ! date ( ^! ev5ts1 ,i c almo/ believe t ,i am enjoy+ ! delightful p]fume ( ! wild ?yme & ! fragrant plants & fl[]s1 waft$ ar\nd me by ! w>m breezes ( ! ,calton hillside4 ,9 ! days ,i ref] to1 !re 0 always a mo/ *e]ful & intimate int]c\rse kept up betwe5 ! *ildr5 & ! s]vants4 ,!y 7 memb]s ( ! same family1 & 7 treat$ z su*4 ,! s]vants 7 = ! mo/ "p c\ntry-br$--daught]s ( f>m s]vants or small f>m]s4 ,!y 7 fairly educat$ at _! p>i% s*ools2 !y c\ld read & write1 & _h an abundant /ore ( old recollections4 ,_m a pleasant crack we _h ) !m z to _! native places1 _! families1 & all t 0 connect$ ) !m4 ,!y became la/+ly atta*$ to _! ma/]s & mi/resses1 z well z to ! *ildr54 ,all ?is l$ to true atta*m5t2 & :5 !y left2 u1 = ! mo/ "p to be m>ri$ we cont9u$ to keep up a correspond5ce ) !m1 :i* la/$ = _m ye>s4 ,:ile enjoy+ ^! delightful holidays1 be=e my s*ool-days began1 my practical education 0 9 progress1 especially 9 ! way ( acqua9tance ) ! habits ( nature 9 a va/ v>iety ( its phases1 always s attractive to ! m9ds ( heal?y *ildr54 ,x happ5$ t close to ! ,calton ,hill1 9 ! valley at its nor!rn side1 !re 7 _m work%ops :]e int]e/+ trades 7 c>ri$ on2 !re 7 copp]smi?s1 t9smi?s1 brass-f\nd]s1 goldbeat]s1 & blacksmi?s4 ,_! %ops 7 all arrang$ 9 a busy gr\p at ! foot ( ! hill1 9 a place call$ ,gre5side4 ,! work%ops 7 op5 to ! inspection ( pass]s-by4 ,little boys look$ 9 & saw ! m5 at "w amid/ ! blaze ( fires & ! beat+s ( hamm]s4 ,among/ o!rs1 ,i 0 an ard5t admir]4 ,i may almo/ say t ?is r[ ( busy work%ops 0 my fir/ s*ool ( practical education4 ,i obs]v$ ! me*anical manipulation ( ! m51 _! dext]\s use ( ! hamm]1 ! *isel1 & ! file2 & ,i imbib$ _m lessons :i* aft]w>ds prov$ ( use to me4 ,!n ,i _h tools at home 9 my fa!r's work%op4 ,i tri$ to foll[ _! me?ods2 ,i became greatly int]e/$ 9 ! use ( tools & _! appliances2 ,i c\ld make ?+s = myself4 ,9 %ort1 ,i became s skill$ t ! p ab\t ! h\se call$ me a little ,jack-(-all-trades4 ,:ile sitt+ on ! grassy slopes ( ! ,calton ,hill ,i w\ld (t5 he> ! *imes s\nd+ f ! gr& old t[] ( ,/4,giles4 ,! ca!dral lay on ! o!r side ( ! valley :i* divides ! ,old ,t[n f ! ,new4 ,! s\nds came ov] ! murmur ( ! traffic 9 ! /reets bel[4 ,! *ime-bells 7 play$ e day f twelve till "o--! old-fa%ion$ d9n]-h\r ( ! citiz5s4 ,! practice _h be5 9 exi/5ce = m ?an a hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,! pleas+ effect ( ! m]ry airs1 :i* came waft$ tome by ! w>m summ] breezes1 made me long to see !m z well z he> !m4 ,image ,mural cr[n ( ,/ ,giles'1 ,ed9burgh ,my fa!r 0 always anxi\s to give pleasure to 8 *ildr54 ,accord+ly1 he took me "o day1 z a special treat1 to ! top ( ! gr& old t[]1 to see ! *imes play$4 ,z we pass$ up ! t[]1 a /rong vault$ room 0 po9t$ out to me1 :]e ! wit*es us$ to be imprison$4 ,i 0 told t ! poor old wom5 7 (t5 tak5 d[n f ?is d>k vault to be burnt alive6 ,su* t]rible tales envelop$ ! t[] ) a horrible fasc9ation to my "y m9d4 ,:at a fe>ful contra/ to ! m]ry s\nd ( ! *imes issu+ f its ro( on a bright summ] day4 ,on my way up to ! top flat1 :]e ! *imes 7 play$1 ,i _h to pass ?r\gh ! vault 9 :i* ! great p5dulum 0 sl[ly sw++ 9 its gho/ly-l tick-tack1 tick-tack2 :ile ! great anci5t clock 0 keep+ "t ) its sudd5 & />tl+ movem5t4 ,! :ole sc5e 0 almo/ z uncanny z ! wit*es' cell und]nea?4 ,!re 0 also a wild rumbl+ ?ump+ s\nd ov]head4 ,i soon discov]$ ! cause ( ?is1 :5 ,i ent]$ ! flat :]e ! musician 0 at "w4 ,he 0 se5 9 viol5t action1 beat+ or hamm]+ on ! keys ( a gigantic pian(orte-l app>atus4 ,! in/rum5ts he us$ 7 two great lea!r-fac$ mallets1 "o ( :i* he held 9 ea* h&4 ,ea* key 0 connect$ by iron rods ) ! *ime-bells above4 ,! frantic & mad-l movem5ts ( ! musician1 z he en]getically ru%$ f "o key to ano!r1 (t5 widely ap>t gave me ! idea t ! man 0 daft--especially z ! noise ( ! mallets 0 su* t ,i he>d no music emitt$ f ! *imes s f> ov]head4 ,x 0 only :5 ,i _h climb$ up ! /air ( ! t[] to :]e ! bells 7 rung t ,i und]/ood ! p]=mance1 & compreh5d$ ! beat+ ( ! *imes :i* gave me s mu* pleasure :5 ,i he>d !m at a di/ance4 ,ano!r s\rce ( enjoym5t 9 my e>ly days 0 to accompany my "m to ! m>ket4 ,z ,i h said be=e1 my "m1 ?\gh g5]\s 9 h] hospitality1 0 necess>ily ?rifty & economical 9 ! managem5t ( h] h\sehold4 ,!re 7 no less ?an f\rte5 p]sons 9 ! h\se to be f$1 & ?is requir$ a good deal ( m>ket+4 ,at ! "t ,i ref] to1 7ab\t #ahaf1 x 0 ! practice ( e lady :o took pride 9 manag+ economically ! home dep>tm5t ( h] husb&'s affairs1 to g to m>ket 9 p]son4 ,! pr9cipal m>kets 9 ,ed9burgh 7 !n situat$ 9 ! valley betwe5 ! ,old & ,new ,t[ns1 9 :at us$ to be call$ ! ,nor ,lo*4 ,deal]s 9 fi% & vegetables _h _! /alls !re3 ! m>ket = but*] meat 0 ne> at h&3 ea* be+ 9 _! sev]al locations4 ,x 0 a v lively & bu/l+ sight to see ! m>ket+ go+ on4 ,:5 a lady 0 obs]v$ approa*+1 likely to be a cu/om]1 %e 0 at once surr\nd$ by ! caddies4 ,!y 7 a set ( /urdy h>d-work+ wom51 ea* ) a creel on h] back4 ,_! competition = ! employ] sometimes took a r en]getic =m4 ,! rival c&idates po9t$ to h] ) viol5t exclamations2 ,%e's my l$ie6 %e's my l$ie6 ejaculat$ "o & all4 ,to dispel ! disord]1 a selection ( "o ( ! caddies w\ld be made1 & !n all 0 quiet aga9 until ano!r cu/om] appe>$4 ,!re 0 a regul> ord] 9 :i* ! pur*ases 7 deposit$ 9 ! creel4 ,fir/1 !re came ! fi%1 :i* 7 c>efully deposit$ 9 ! l[e/ "p1 ) a clean deal bo>d ov] !m4 ,! fi%wives 7 a mo/ /urdy & indep5d5t class1 bo? 9 mann]s & language4 ,:5 at home1 at ,ne:av5 or ,fi%]r[1 !y made & m5d$ _! husb&s' nets1 put _! fi%+ tackle to rights1 & :5 ! fi%+ boats came 9 !y took ! fi% to m>ket at ,ed9burgh4 ,to see ! gr\ps ( ^! h>d-work+ wom5 trudg+ along ) _! heavy creels on _! backs1 clo!d 9 _! rem>kable co/ume1 ) _! /rip$ petticoats kilt$ up & %[+ _! /urdy legs1 0 inde$ a rem>kable sight4 ,!y 7 *e]ful & good-natur$1 b v outspok54 ,_! sk9s 7 cle> & ruddy1 & _m ( ! "y fi%wives 7 h&some & pretty4 ,!y 71 9 fact1 ! inc>nation ( robu/ heal?4 ,9 deal+ ) !m at ! ,fi% ,m>ket !re 0 a good deal ( higgl+4 ,!y (t5 ask$ two or ?ree times m ?an ! fi% 7 wor?--at lea/1 accord+ to ! !n m>ket price4 ,aft] a /ormy night1 dur+ :i* ! husb&s & sons _h toil$ to cat* ! fi%1 on ! usual "q be+ ask$1 ,weel1 ,janet1 hoo's haddies ! day6 ,haddies1 mem8 ,ou1 haddies is m5's lives ! day6 :i* 0 (t5 true1 z haddocks 7 (t5 caught at ! risk ( _! husb&s' lives4 ,aft] ! usual am\nt ( higgl+1 ! haddies 7 br\ght d[n to _! prop] m>ket price1 --sometimes a p5ny = a good haddock1 or1 :5 h]r+s 7 rife1 a doz5 h]r+s = twop5ce1 crabs = a p5ny1 & lob/]s = ?reep5ce4 ,= !re 7 no railways !n to convey ! fi% to ,engl&1 & ?us equalise ! price = all classes ( ! community4 ,let me m5tion "h a controv]sy betwe5 a fi%wife & a buy] call$ ,?omson4 ! buy] (f]$ a price s ridicul\sly small = a p>cel ( fi% t ! sell] became q indignant1 & %e t]m9at$ at once all fur!r higgl+4 ,look+ up to him1 %e said1 ,"l help y] e'e-sight1 ,mai/] ,tamson6 ,"l help my e'e-sight1 woman6 ,:at has t to d ) x8 ,ou1 said %e1 because ye ha'e nae nose to put spectacles on6 ,z x happ5$1 poor ,mr4 ,?omson _h1 by "s accid5t or disease1 s little ( a nose left1 if any at all1 t ! bridge ( ! nose = hold+ up ! spectacles 0 almo/ entirely want+4 ,& ?us did ! fi%wife retaliate on h] nigg>dly cu/om]4 ,:5 my "m _h got h] fi% laid at ! bottom ( ! creel1 %e next w5t to ! fle%] = h] but*]-meat4 ,!re 0 no higgl+ "h1 = ! meat 0 sold at ! ord9>y m>ket price4 ,!n came ! p\ltry /ratum2 !n ! vegetables1 or fruits 9 _! season2 &1 f9ally1 !re 0 ! floore--a bun* ( fl[]s2 n a co/ly b\quet1 b a1 l>ge assortm5t ( wallfl[]s1 daffodils 7) _! e>ly spr+ fragrance71 polyan?uses1 lilacs1 gilly-fl[]s1 & ! glori\s old-fa%ion$ cabbage rose1 z well z ! ev5 m glori\sly fragrant moss rose4 ,! caddy's creel 0 !n topp$ up1 & ! m>ket+ 0 complet$4 ,! lady 0 foll[$ home2 ! cont5ts 7 plac$ 9 ! l>d]2 & ! fl[]s di/ribut$ all ov] ! h\se4 ,i h _m curi\s traditional evid5ces ( ! great fondness = cats :i* di/+ui%$ ! ,nasmy? family = sev]al g5]ations4 ,my fa!r _h always "o or two ( su* dome/ic fav\rites1 :o 71 9 ! be/ s5se1 8 famili>s4 ,_! quiet1 companionable habits r5d]$ !m v acceptable company :5 engag$ 9 8 arti/ic "w4 ,i "k ( no s\nd s pleasantly tranquillis+ z ! purr+ ( a cat1 or ( any?+ m wor?y ( admiration 9 animal habit z ! neat1 compact1 & elegant mann] 9 :i* ! cat adju/s itself at ! fireside1 or 9 a snug1 cosy place1 :5 x settles d[n = a long quiet sleep4 ,e sp>e mom5t t a cat has be=e ly+ d[n to re/ is occupi$ 9 c>efully clean+ itself1 ev5 "u adv]se circum/ances4 ,! cat is ! true orig9al inv5tor ( a sanit>y process1 :i* has lately be5 pat5t$ & p>ad$ be=e ! public z a sanit>y novelty2 & yet x has be5 9 practice ev] s9ce cats 7 creat$4 ,w\ld t m5 & wom5 7 m alive to habitual cleanl9ess--ev5 ! cleanl9ess ( cats4 ,! k9dly & g5tle animal gives u all a lesson 9 ^! respects4 ,!n1 no?+ c be m beautiful 9 animal action ?an ! exquisitely precise & graceful mann] 9 :i* ! cat ex]ts ! exact am\nt ( ef=t requisite to l& x at ! height & spot x wi%es to rea* at "o b\nd4 ,! neat & delicately precise mann] 9 :i* cats use _! paws :5 play+ ) ^? :o habitually treat !m ) g5tle k9dness is truly admirable4 ,9 ^! respects cats are entitl$ to ! mo/ k9dly reg>d4 ,!re are1 un=tunately1 _m :o ent]ta9 a /rong prejudice aga9/ ?is mo/ p]fect & beautiful memb] ( ! animal creation1 & :o abuse !m because !y resi/ ill-treatm5t1 occasion$ by _! innate feel+ ( indep5d5ce4 ,cats h no d\bt less p]sonal atta*m5t ?an dogs1 b :5 k9dly treat$ !y become 9 _m respects atta*$ & affectionate animals4 ,my fa!r1 :5 a boy1 made occasional visits to ,hamilton1 9 ! ,we/ ( ,scotl&1 :]e ! desc5dants ( 8 ,cov5ant+ ance/ors /ill liv$4 ,"o ( !m 0 an old ba*elor--a recluse sort ( man2 & yet he _h ! ,nasmy? love ( cats4 ,be+ ( pi\s p$igree & habits1 he always end$ ! day by a long & audible pray]4 ,my fa!r & 8 companions us$ to g to ! door ( 8 h\se to li/5 to him1 b especially to he> 8 culm9at+ f9ale4 ,he pray$ t ! ,"l w\ld help him to =give 8 enemies & all ^? :o _h done him injury2 & !n1 ) a l\d bur/1 he conclud$1 ,except ,john ,&]son o' ! ,toonhead1 = he kill$ my cat1 & him ,i'll ne'er =gie6 ,9 conclusion1 ,i may aga9 ref] to ,elspe? ,nasmy?1 :o 0 burnt alive = wit*craft1 because %e _h f\r black cats1 & read h] ,bible ?r\gh two ,pairs ( spectacles6 ,,*apt] #e4 ,my ,s*ool-days4 ,be=e ,i w5t to s*ool x 0 my good =tune to be plac$ "u ! special c>e ( my elde/ si/]1 ,jane4 ,%e 0 tw5ty ye>s old] ?an myself1 & _h acquir$ mu* practical exp]i5ce 9 ! managem5t ( ! y\ng] memb]s ( ! family4 ,i c\ld n h _h a m c>eful tea*]4 ,%e initiat$ me into ! difficulties ( ,a ,b ,c1 & by le>n+ me to read %e gave me a key to ! ?\ghts ( ! greate/ ?9k]s :o h ev] liv$4 ,b all ?is 0 accompli%$ at fir/ 9 a humdrum & t5tative way4 ,ab\t sev5ty ye>s ago *ildr5's books 7 v un9t]e/+4 ,9 ! little /ories manufactur$ = *ildr51 ! good boy end$ 9 a ,coa*-&-f\r1 & ! bad boy 9 a ride to ,tyburn4 ,! good boys mu/ h be5 a set ( little snobs & prigs1 & ,i c\ld sc>cely imag9e t !y c\ld ev] h liv$ z !y 7 repres5t$ 9 ^! goody books4 ,if s1 !y mu/ h be5 ! mo/ tiresome & un9t]e/+ v]m9 t c possibly be imag9$4 ,aft] my si/] _h done :at %e c\ld = me1 ,i 0 s5t to s*ool to le>n ,engli%4 ,i 0 plac$ "u ! tuition ( a lead+ tea*] call$ ,knight1 ^: s*ool-room 0 9 ! upp] /orey ( a h\se 9 ,george ,/reet4 ,"h ,i le>n$ to read ) ease4 ,b my primitive habit ( spell+ by e>1 9 accordance ) ! simple s\nd ( ! lett]s ( ! alphabet 7phonetically1 s to speak7 br\ght me into collision ) my tea*]4 ,i got _m a cuff on ! side ( ! head1 & _m a palmy on my h&s ) a ?ick /rap ( h>d lea!r1 :i* did n give me v invit+ views z to ! pleasures ( le>n+4 ,! ma/] 0 vici\s & v9dictive4 ,i ?9k x a c[>dly way to deal ) a little boy 9 s cruel a mann]1 & to s5d him home ) 8 back & f+]s t+l+ & sometimes ble$+1 because he _c le>n s quickly z 8 fell[s4 ,on "o occasion ,knight got out ( temp] ) my /upidity or dulness 9 n compreh5d+ some?+ ab\t 'a pret]-plup]fect t5se1' or "s my/]y ( t sort4 ,he seiz$ me by ! e>s1 & beat my head aga9/ ! wall beh9d me ) su* savage viol5ce t :5 he let me g1 /unn$ & unable to /&1 ,i fell =w>d on ! floor ble$+ viol5tly at ! nose1 & ) a t]rific heada*e4 ,! wret* might h ru9$ my bra9 = life4 ,i 0 c>ri$ home & put to b$1 :]e ,i lay helpless = m ?an a week4 ,my fa!r ?reat5$ to summon ! tea*] be=e ! magi/rates = :at might h be5 a fatal assault on poor little me2 b on mak+ a humble apology = 8 brutal usage he 0 let (f4 ,( c\rse ,i 0 n s5t back to 8 s*ool4 ,i h ev] s9ce ent]ta9$ a hatr$ aga9/ grammatical rules4 ,!re 0 at t "t an excell5t sy/em ( tea*+ "y folks ! value ( ?rift4 ,?is consi/$ 9 sav+ = "s purpose or ano!r ! ,saturdays p5ny--"o p5ny be+ our weekly all[ance ( pocket-money4 ,! feats we c\ld p]=m 9 ! way ( procur+ toys1 picture-books1 or ! mat]ials = con/ruct+ fly+ kites1 w\ld amaze ! y\ng/]s ( ! pres5t day1 :o are g5]ally spoil$ by extravagance4 ,& yet we obta9$ f> m pleasure f our pur*ases4 ,we _h 9 my "t p5ny pigs1 or ?rift boxes4 ,!y 7 made 9 a vase =m1 ( br[n glaz$ e>!nw>e1 ! only entrance to :i* 0 a slit--en\gh to give entrance to a p5ny4 ,:5 ! ,saturday's p5ny 0 n requir$ = any imm$iate purposes1 x 0 dropp$ ?r\gh ! slit1 & rema9$ !re until ! box 0 full4 ,! maximum ( p5nies x c\ld conta9 0 ab\t =ty-eight4 ,:5 t 0 accompli%$1 ! p5ny pig 0 brok5 ) a hamm]1 & its ri* cont5ts fl[$ =?4 ,! break+ ( ! pig 0 q an ev5t4 ,! f9e fat old ,george ! ,?ird p5ny pieces look$ ?or\ghly sub/antial 9 our eyes4 ,& !n !re 0 ! sp5d+ ( ! money1--= "s long-look$-= toy1 or p5cils1 or book1 or pa9t+ mat]ials4 ,"o ( ! ways 9 :i* ,i us$ my ,saturday p5nies 0 9 go+ ) "s ( my companions into ! c\ntry to h a picnic4 ,we us$ to light a fire beh9d a h$ge or a dyke1 or 9 ! corn] ( "s ru91 & !re roa/ our potatoes1 or broil a r$ h]r+ on an extempore gridiron we contriv$ = ! purpose4 ,we lit ! fire by means ( a fl9t & /eel & a t9d]-box1 :i* 9 ^? days e boy us$ to possess4 ,! bramble-b]ries gave u our dess]t4 ,we ?or\ghly enjoy$ ^! glori\s ,saturday aft]noons4 ,x gave u q a ,rob9son ,crusoe sort ( feel+ to be ?us seclud$ f ! _w4 ,!n ! beauty ( ! sc5]y amid/ :i* we took our repa/ 0 su* z ,i _c attempt to describe4 ,a walk ( an h\r or s w\ld br+ u into ! pres5ce ( an old ca/le1 or among/ ! rocky furze & hea!r-clad hills1 amid/ cle> rapid /reams1 s t1 b = ! di/ant peeps ( ! city1 "o might ?9k t he 0 f> f ! busy haunts ( m5 & boys4 ,to return to my s*ool-days4 ,%ortly aft] ,i left ! s*ool 9 ,george ,/reet1 :]e ! s*oolma/] _h almo/ split my skull 9 batt]+ x ^u ! wall beh9d me1 ,i 0 ent]$ z a pupil at ! ,ed9burgh ,high ,s*ool1 9 ,octob] #ahag4 ,! s*ool 0 situat$ ne> ! old ,infirm>y4 ,pr(essor ,pillans 0 ! rector1 & "u him 7 f\r ma/]s4 ,i 0 set to /udy ,lat9 "u ,mr4 ,irv9e4 ,he 0 a m]e s*oolma/] 9 ! n>r[e/ s5se ( ! t]m4 ,he 0 n end[$ ) ! be/ ( temp]s1 & x 0 (t5 put to ! break+ /ra9 by ! tricks & neglig5ce ( ! l[]-=m portion ( 8 class4 ,x consi/$ ( ne>ly two hundr$ boys2 ! o!r ?ree ma/]s _h ab\t ! same numb] ( s*ol>s4 ,!y ea* _h a sep>ate class-room4 ,i began to le>n ! elem5t>y rudim5ts ( ,lat9 gramm>4 ,b n hav+ any natural aptitude = aquir+ classic le>n+ s call$1 ,i fe> ,i made b little progress dur+ ! ?ree ye>s t ,i rema9$ at ! ,high ,s*ool4 ,_h ! ma/] expla9$ to u h[ ne>ly alli$ _m ( ! ,lat9 & ,greek roots 7 to our famili> ,engli% words1 ,i feel assur$ t s int]e/+ & valuable a dep>tm5t ( in/ruction w\ld n h be5 neglect$4 ,b our memories 7 /ra9$ by be+ made to say (f by he>t1 z x 0 absurdly call$1 :ole bat*es ( grammatical rules1 ) all ! bo!ration ( irregul> v]bs & su*like4 ,s f> z ,i 0 conc]n$1 ,i d]iv$ little b5efit f my ,high ,s*ool tea*+1 except t ,i d]iv$ "o lesson :i* is ( great use 9 aft] life4 ,i mean z reg>ds ! p]=mance ( duty4 ,i did my tasks punctually & *e]fully1 ?\gh !y 7 f> f agreeable4 ,?is is an ex]cise 9 e>ly life t is v useful 9 lat] ye>s4 ,9 my walks to & f ! ,high ,s*ool1 ! usual way 0 along ! ,nor? & ,s\? ,bridges1--! fir/ ov] ! ,nor' ,lo*1 n[ ! railway /ation1 & ! second ov] ! ,c[gate4 ,t 0 ! ma9 /reet betwe5 ! ,old ,t[n & ! ,new4 ,b !re 7 num]\s wynds & closes 7z ! n>r[ /reets are call$7 :i* l$ d[n f ! ,high ,/reet & ! upp] "p ( ! ,canongate to ! ,high ,s*ool1 ?r\gh :i* ,i (t5 pref]r$ to w&]4 ,s long z ,old ,ed9burgh 0 conf9$ )9 its walls ! nobles liv$ 9 ^? n>r[ /reets2 & ! ,old h\ses are full ( hi/orical incid5t4 ,my fa!r (t5 po9t$ out ^! h\ses to me1 & ,i lov$ to keep up my recollections4 ,i mu/ h _h a little ( ! antiqu>ian _s ev5 !n4 ,i got to "k ! mo/ rem>kable ( ^? anci5t h\ses--_m ( :i* 7 di/+ui%$ by ! inscriptions on ! l9tel ( ! entrance1 z well z ! arms ( ! =m] possessors4 ,"s _h mottoes su* z ?is3 ,,blesit ,,be ,,god ,,& ,,hys ,,giftis4 #aehd4 ,!re 0 (t5 a t[]-%ap$ projection f ! ma9 front ( ! h\se1 up :i* a spiral /air proce$$4 ,?is is usually a feature 9 old ,scot* build+s4 ,b 9 ^! closes ! entrance to ! h\ses 0 ?r\gh a pond]\s door1 /udd$ ) great broad-head$ nails1 ) loopholes at ea* side ( ! door1 z if to pres5t ! /ronge/ possible resi/ance to any attempt at =cible entrance4 ,inde$1 9 ! old times be=e ! ,union ! nobles 7 (t5 z /rong z ! ,k+1 & _m a "t ! ,high ,/reet 0 r$d5$ by ! blood ( ! noble/ & brave/ ( ! l&4 ,9 #aehh !re 0 a cry ( ,a ,naesmy?1 ,a ,scott1 9 ! ,high ,/reet4 ,x 0 foll[$ by a cla% ( arms1 & two ( ,sir ,mi*ael ,naesmy?'s sons 7 kill$ 9 t bloody feud4 ,ed9burgh 0 (t5 ! sc5e ( su* disa/]s4 ,h5ce ! /r5g!n+ ( _! h\ses1 s z to resi/ ! inroads ( feudal enemies4 ,image ,doorhead1 f an old mansion ,! mason-"w ( ! doors 0 execut$ ) great c>e & dext]ity4 ,x 0 *amf]$ at ! edges 9 a bold mann]1 & ornam5t$ ) an ,o4,g4 bord]+1 :i* _h a f9e effect :ile x r5d]$ ! entrance m pleasant by ! abs5ce ( %>p angles4 ,! same /yle ( ornam5tation 0 g5]ally f\nd r\nd ! edges ( ! /one-"w ( ! w9d[s1 mo/ commonly by *amf]+ (f ! squ>e angle ( ! /one-"w4 ,?is n only add$ a grim grace to ! appe>ance ( ! w9d[s1 b all[$ a m free entrance ( light into ! ap>tm5ts1 :ile x p]mitt$ ! inmates to h a bett] rang$ view up & d[n ! ,close4 ,^! gloomy-look+ mansions 7 grim 9 a t]rible s5se1 & !y rem9d$ "o ( ! fe>ful transactions ( ! good old times6 ,on _m occasions1 :5 ,i 0 tak+ a daund] ?r\gh ^! hi/oric h\ses 9 ! wynds & closes ( ! ,old ,t[n1 ,i h met ,sir ,walt] ,scott %[+ !m to 8 visitors1 & li/5$ to 8 deep1 e>ne/ voice :ile n>rat+ to !m "s t]rible incid5t 9 reg>d to _! =m] inhabitants4 ,on o!r occasions ,i h frequ5tly met ,sir ,walt] /urdily limp+ along ov] ! ,nor? ,bridge1 :ile on 8 way f ! ,c\rt ( ,session 7:]e he act$ z ,cl]k ( ! ,records7 to 8 h\se 9 ,ca/le ,/reet4 ,9 ! same way ,i saw mo/ ( ! public *>act]s connect$ ) ! ,law ,c\rts or ! ,univ]sity4 ,sir ,wait] 0 easily di/+ui%$ by 8 height1 z well z 8 limp or halt 9 8 walk4 ,my fa!r 0 intimate ) mo/1 if n all1 ( ! rem>kable ,ed9burgh *>act]s1 & :5 ,i _h ! pleasure ( accompany+ him 9 8 aft]noon walks ,i c\ld look at !m & he> !m 9 ! conv]sations t took place4 ,i rememb]1 :5 ,i 0 ) my fa!r 9 "o ( 8 walks1 t a "y ,engli% arti/ accompani$ u4 ,he _h come across ! ,bord] to be m>ri$ at ,gretna ,gre51 & he br\ght 8 bride onw>d to ,ed9burgh4 ,my fa!r wi%$ to %[ him "s ( ! mo/ rem>kable old build+s ( ! t[n4 ,x 0 ab\t ! end ( #ahag1 :5 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ build+s 9 ,ed9burgh 0 ab\t to be demoli%$4 ,?is 0 no less a place ?an ! ,old ,tolboo? 9 ! ,high ,/reet1--a gr& b gloomy old build+4 ,x _h be5 orig9ally us$ z ! city palace ( ! ,scotti% k+s4 ,!re !y held _! c\ncils & disp5s$ ju/ice4 ,b 9 c\rse ( "t ! ,k+ & ,c\rt ab&on$ ! place1 & x _h sunk into a gaol or prison = ! mo/ ab&on$ ( malefactors4 ,aft] _! trial ! prison]s 7 kept !re wait+ = execution1 & !y 7 hang$ on a flat-ro($ portion ( ! build+ at its we/ end4 ,image ,! ,old ,tolboo?1 ,ed9burgh4 ,by ,alex&] ,nasmy?4 ,f ! draw+ 9 ! possession ( "l ,+lis1 ,"l ,ju/ice-,g5]al4 ,at "o ( ! /ronge/ p>ts ( ! build+ a /rong oak *e/1 iron-plat$1 _h be5 built 91 held fa/ by a ?ick wall ( /one & mort> on ea* side4 ,! iron *e/ measur$ ab\t n9e feet squ>e1 & 0 clos$ by a /rong iron door ) heavy bolts & locks4 ,?is 0 ! ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian1 ! condemn$ cell ( ! ,tolboo?499 footnote444 ,long aft] ! condemn$ cell _h be5 pull$ d[n1 an ,engli% ,*>ti/ w5t d[n to ,ed9burgh to address a l>ge meet+ ( 8 bro!r politicians4 ,he began by address+ !m z ,m5 ( ! ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian6 ,!re 0 a l\d guffaw ?r\gh\t ! audi5ce4 ,he address$ !m z if !y 7 a body ( condemn$ malefactors4 444 ,! iron *e/ 0 s heavy t ! l>ge body ( workm5 c\ld n1 ) all _! might1 pull x out4 ,aft] /ripp+ x ( its masonry1 !y endeav\r$ by /rong lev]s to tumble x d[n into ! /reet4 ,at la/1 ) a ,yo6 heave ho6 x fell d[n ) a mighty cra%4 ,! iron *e/ 0 s /rong t x held toge!r1 & only ! n>r[ iron door1 ) its locks1 bolts1 & b>s1 0 bur/ op51 & j]k$ (f among/ ! by/&]s4 ,x 0 q a sc5e4 ,a l>ge cr[d _h assembl$1 & among/ !m 0 ,sir ,walt] ,scott4 ,recognis+ my fa!r1 he /ood by him1 :ile bo? await$ ! pond]\s cra%4 ,sir ,walt] 0 /ill ! ,great ,unkn[n4 ,:5 8 ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian 0 publi%$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ ye>1 x 0 pretty well kn[n t he 0 ! au?or ( t fasc9at+ novel4 ,sir ,wait] got ! door & ! key1 z relics1 = 8 h\se at ,abbots=d4 ,!re 0 a ru% ( p t[>ds ! iron *e/ to look into ! d>k int]ior ( t v]itable *amb] ( horrors4 ,my fa!r's arti/ fri5d w5t =w>d ) ! re/1 & endeav\r$ to pick up "s remnant ( ! demoli%$ /ructure4 ,z soon z ! cl\ds ( du/ _h be5 disp]s$1 he obs]v$1 "u ! place :]e ! iron box _h /ood1 a numb] ( skeletons ( rats1 z dry z mummies4 ,he select$ "o ( ^!199 footnote444 ,i 0 s mu* impress$ ) ! ev5ts ( ! day1 & also ) ! fact ( ! "y arti/ hav+ tak5 ) him s repulsive a mem5to z a rat's skeleton1 t ,i nev] =got x4 ,m ?an half c5tury lat]1 :5 ,i 0 at a private view ( ! ,royal ,academy1 ,i saw sitt+ on "o ( ! s(as a rem>kable & v5]able-look+ old g5tleman4 ,on inquir+ ( my fri5d ,?omas ,web/] :o he 01 he answ]$1 ,:y1 t's old ,l9nell6 ,i !n took ! lib]ty ( sitt+ d[n beside him1 &1 apologis+ = my intrusion on 8 notice1 ,i said x 0 j fifty-sev5 ye>s s9ce ,i _h la/ se5 him6 ,i m5tion$ ! circum/ance ( ! rat-skeleton :i* he _h put 9 8 pocket at ,ed9burgh4 ,he 0 pleas$ & a/oni%$ to h ! facts s vividly recall$ to 8 m9d4 ,at la/ he said1 ,well1 ,i h t mummy rat1 ! relic ( ! ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian1 safe 9 a cab9et ( curiosities 9 my h\se at ,r$hill to ?is day4 444 wrapp$ x 9 a newspap] & put x 9 8 pocket z a recollection ( 8 fir/ day 9 ,ed9burgh1 & ( ! f9al de/ruction ( ! ,he>t ( ,midlo?ian4 ,?is arti/ 0 no o!r ?an ,john ,l9nell1 ! aft]w>ds fam\s l&scape pa9t]4 ,he 0 !n a "y & unkn[n man4 ,he br\ght a lett] ( introduction to my fa!r4 ,he also br\ght a l&scape z a specim5 ( 8 "y ef=ts1 & x 0 s spl5didly done t my fa!r augur$ a brilliant c>e] = ?is admirable arti/4 ,i _h ! pleasure ( see+ ,sir ,wait] ,scott on ano!r &1 to me1 a v memorable occasion4 ,f an e>ly p]iod ( my s*oolboy days ,i _h a great reg>d = e object t _h ref]5ce to bygone times4 ,!y influ5c$ my imag9ation1 & conjur$ up 9 my m9d dreamy visions ( ! p ( old5 days4 ,x did n matt] :e!r x 0 an old co9 or an old ca/le4 took pleasure 9 rambl+ ab\t ! old ca/les ne> ,ed9burgh1 _m ( !m connect$ ) ! times ( ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots4 ,craigmill> ,ca/le 0 )9 a few miles ( ! city2 !re 0 also ,crighton ,ca/le1 & above all ,bor?wick ,ca/le4 ,?is gr& massive old ru9 left a deep impression on my m9d4 ,! sight ( its gloomy int]ior1 ) ! great hall light$ up only by /ray gl9ts ( sun%9e1 z if /ruggl+ = access ?r\gh ! small deep-seat$ w9d[s 9 its massive walls1 toge!r ) its connection ) ! life & times ( ,que5 ,m>y1 _h a f> great] influ5ce ^u my m9d ?an ,i exp]i5c$ :ile /&+ amid/ ! ,coliseum at ,rome4 ,l _m e>ne/-m9d$ boys1 ,i _h a sev]e attack at ! "r "t ( life1 say f #ab to #ae1 ( :at ,i w\ld call ! collect+ p]iod4 ,?is consi/$1 9 my case1 ( accumulat+ old co9s1 p]haps "o ( ! mo/ salut>y =ms ( ?is y\?ful passion4 ,i made ex*anges ) my s*ool companions4 ,sometimes my fa!r's fri5ds1 see+ my anxiety to improve my collection gave me *oice specim5s ( bronze & o!r co9s ( ! ,roman emp]ors1 usually duplicates f _! own collection4 ,^! co9s _h ! effect ( promot+ my k ( ,roman hi/ory4 ,i read up 9 ord] to f9d out ! acts & de$s ( ! old rul]s ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,besides collect+ ! co9s1 ,i us$ to make c>eful draw+s ( ! obv]se & rev]se faces ( ea* 9 an illu/rat$ catalogue :i* ,i kept 9 my little co9 cab9et4 ,i rememb] "o day1 :5 sitt+ beside my fa!r mak+ a v c>eful draw+ ( a f9e bronze co9 ( ,augu/us1 t ,sir ,walt] ,scott ent]$ ! room4 ,he frequ5tly call$ ^u my fa!r 9 ord] to consult him ) respect to 8 ar*itectural arrangem5ts4 ,sir ,walt] caught sight ( me1 & came =w>d to look ov] ! "w ,i 0 engag$ 94 ,at 8 reque/ ,i _h ! pleasure ( %[+ him my little /ore ( co9 treasures1 aft] :i* he took out ( 8 wai/coat pocket a beautiful silv] co9 ( ! reign ( ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 & gave x to me z be+ 8 "y bro!r antiqu>ian4 ,i %all nev] =get ! k9d fa!rly way 9 :i* he pres5t$ x4 ,i consid]$ x a great hon\r to be spok5 to 9 s fri5dly a way by su* a man2 besides1 x va/ly enri*$ my little collection ( co9s & m$als4 ,x 0 9 ! ye> #ahag t ,i _h ! pleasure1 nev] to be =gott51 ( see+ ! great eng9e]1 ,james ,watt4 ,he 0 !n close ^u 8 eighty-second ye>4 ,8 visit to ,ed9burgh 0 welcom$ by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ sci5tific & lit]>y m5 ( ! city4 ,my fa!r _h ! hon\r ( meet+ him at a d9n] giv5 by ! ,e>l ( ,bu*an1 at 8 resid5ce 9 ,george ,/reet4 ,!re 7 pres5t1 ,sir ,james ,hall1 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society2 ,francis ,jeffrey1 ,editor ( ! ,ed9burgh ,review2 ,walt] ,scott1 /ill ! ,great ,unkn[n2 & _m o!r di/+ui%$ notabilities4 ,! *e]ful old man delight$ !m ) 8 k9dly talk1 z well z a/oni%$ !m ) ! ext5t & pr(undity ( 8 in=mation4 ,on ! foll[+ day ,mr4 ,watt paid my fa!r a visit he c>efully exam9$ 8 arti/ic & o!r works4 ,hav+ inspect$ ) great pleasure "s l&scape pa9t+s ( v>i\s sc5es 9 ,scotl& execut$ by my si/]s1 :o 7 !n highly effici5t arti/s1 he pur*as$ a specim5 ( ea*1 z well z ?ree l&scapes pa9t$ by my fa!r1 z a record ( 8 pleasant visit to ! capital ( 8 native c\ntry4 ,i well rememb] ! sight ,i !n got ( ! ,great ,eng9e]4 ,i _h j return$ f ! ,high ,s*ool :5 he 0 leav+ my fa!r's h\se4 ,x 0 b a glimpse ,i _h ( him4 ,b 8 b5evol5t c\nt5ance & 8 tall b b5t figure made an impression on my m9d t ,i c nev] =get4 ,x 0 ev5 some?+ to h se5 = a few seconds s truly great & noble a man4 ,i did n long cont9ue my passion = ! collection ( co9s1 ,i felt a great] int]e/ 9 me*anical pursuits4 ,i h a mo/ *]i%$ & grateful remembrance ( ! happy h\rs & days t ,i sp5t 9 my fa!r's workroom4 ,:5 ! wea!r 0 cold or wet 1he took refuge ) 8 la! & tools1 & !re ,i foll[$ & wat*$ him4 ,he took ! greate/ pleasure 9 in/ruct+ me4 ,ev5 9 ! mo/ humble me*anical job he 0 sure to direct my att5tion to ! action ( ! tools & to ! con/ruction ( ! "w he _h 9 h&1 & po9t$ out ! manipulative processes requisite = its be+ effectually c>ri$ out4 ,my he>ty zeal 9 assi/+ him 0 well rew>d$ by 8 implant+ 9 my m9d ! great fundam5tal pr9ciples on :i* ! practice ( eng9e]+ 9 its gr&e/ =ms is bas$4 ,b ,i did n le>n ?is all at once4 ,x came only gradually1 & by d9t ( con/ant repetition & inculcation4 ,9 ! meantime ,i made a beg9n+ by do+ "s little me*anical "w on my own acc\nt4 ,:ile att5d+ ! ,high ,s*ool1 f #ahag to #ahbj1 !re 0 ! usual rage among/ boys = sp9n+-tops1 pe]ies1 & "y cannon4 ,by means ( my fa!r's excell5t foot-la! ,i turn$ out ! sp9n+-tops 9 capital /yle1 s mu* s t ,i be came q not$ among/ my s*ool companions4 ,!y all want$ to h specim5s ( my productions4 ,!y w\ld give any price = !m4 ,! pe]ies 7 turn$ ) p]fect accuracy1 & ! /eel %od1 or sp9n+ pivot1 0 c5tr$ s z to correspond exactly ) ! axis ( ! top4 ,!y c\ld sp9 twice z long z ! b\ght pe]ies4 ,:5 at full spe$ !y w\ld sleep1 t is1 revolve )\t ! slighte/ wav+4 ,?is 0 consid]$ high art z reg>d$ top-sp9n+4 ,fly+-kites & tissue pap] balloons 7 articles t ,i 0 some:at fam$ = produc+4 ,!re 0 a good deal ( special skill requir$ = ! production ( a fly+-kite4 ,x mu/ be p]fectly /ill & /eady :5 at its highe/ flight 9 ! air4 ,pap] mess5g]s 7 s5t up to x along ! /r+ :i* held x to ! gr\nd4 ,! top ( ! ,calton ,hill 0 ! mo/ fav\rite place = enjoy+ ?is pleasant amusem5t4 ,ano!r article = :i* ,i became equally fam\s 0 ! manufacture ( small brass cannon4 ,^! ,i ca/ & bor$1 & m\nt$ on _! appropriate gun-c>riages4 ,!y prov$ v effective1 especially 9 ! l\dness ( ! report :5 fir$4 ,i also conv]t$ l>ge cell>-keys into a sort ( h&-cannon4 ,a t\*-hole 0 bor$ into ! b>rel ( ! key1 ) a slid+ brass coll> t all[$ ! key-guns to be load$ & prim$ & ready = fir+4 ,! pr9cipal occasion on :i* ! brass cannon & h&-guns 7 us$ 0 on ! #d? ( ,june--,k+ ,george ! ,?irds bir?day4 ,?is 0 always celebrat$ ) exub]ant & noisy loyalty4 ,! guns ( ! ,ca/le 7 fir$ at noon1 & ! numb] ( %ots correspond$ ) ! numb] ( ye>s t ! k+ _h reign$4 ,! gr& old ,ca/le 0 envelop$ 9 smoke1 & ! dis*>ges rev]b]at$ along ! /reets & among ! surr\nd+ hills4 ,ev]y?+ 0 9 holiday ord]4 ,! coa*es 7 hung ) g>l&s1 ! %ops 7 ornam5t$1 ! troops 7 review$ on ,bruntsfield ,l9ks1 & ! citiz5s drank ! k+'s heal? at ! ,gross1 ?r[+ ! glasses ov] _! %\ld]s4 ,! boys fir$ (f gunp[d]1 or ?rew squibs or crack]s f morn+ till night4 ,x 0 "o ( ! greate/ s*oolboy ev5ts ( ! ye>4 ,my little brass cannon & h&-guns 7 v busy dur+ t day4 ,!y 7 fir$ until !y became q hot4 ,^! 7 ! pre-lucif] days4 ,! fire to light ! p[d] at ! t\*-hole 0 obta9$ by ! use ( a fl9t1 a /eel1 & a t9d]-box4 ,! fl9t 0 /ruck %>ply on ! /eel2 a sp>k ( fire fell into ! t9d]box1 & ! mat* ( hemp /r+1 soak$ 9 saltpetre1 0 readily lit1 & fir$ (f ! little guns4 ,i c>ri$ on q a trade 9 =g+ beautiful little /eels4 ,i =g$ !m out ( old files1 :i* prov$ excell5t mat]ial = ! purpose4 ,i fil$ !m up into neat & correct =ms1 & !n h>d5$ & temp]$ !m1 secundum artem1 at ! little furnace /ove 9 my fa!r's workroom1 :]e ( c\rse !re 7 also a suitable anvil1 hamm]1 & tongs4 ,i (t5 made pot5t use ( ^! /eels 9 escap+ f ! ordeal ( "s sev]e task impos$ ^u me at s*ool4 ,! s*oolma/] (t5 deput$ 8 au?ority to ! monitors to he> u say our lessons4 ,b :5 ,i slyly exhibit$ a beautiful /eel ! monitor c\ld n ma9ta9 8 grim s5se ( duty1 & he (t5 let me escape ! ordeal ( repeat+ "s passage f a ,lat9 s*ool-book by obta9+ possession ( ! article4 ,i ?us b\ght myself (f4 ,?is sy/em ( brib]y & corruption 0 no d\bt %ock+ly improp]1 b z ,i 0 n naturally end[$ ) ! ta/e = le>n+ ,lat9 & ,greek1 ,i cont9u$ my little diplomatic tricks until ,i left s*ool4 ,z ,i h said1 ,i did n le>n mu* at ! ,high ,s*ool4 ,my m9d 0 nev] op5$ up by :at 0 taught me !re4 ,x 0 a m]e matt] ( rote & cram4 ,i le>nt by he>t a numb] ( ,lat9 rules & phrases1 b :at ,i le>nt soon slipp$ f my memory4 ,my "y m9d 0 torm5t$ by ! tasks set be=e me4 ,at ! same "t my hungry m9d ?ir/$ = k ( ano!r k9d4 ,!re 0 "o ?+1 h[ev]1 t ,i did le>n at ! ,high ,s*ool4 ,t 0 ! bless+s & advantages ( fri5d%ip4 ,!re 7 sev]al ( my s*oolfell[s ( a l disposition ) myself1 ) :om ,i =m$ atta*m5ts :i* end$ only ) life4 ,i may m5tion two ( !m 9 p>ticul>--,jemmy ,patt]son & ,tom ,smi?4 ,! =m] 0 ! son ( "o ( ! l>ge/ iron f\nd]s 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,he 0 k9d1 good1 & intellig5t4 ,he & ,i 7 great cronies4 ,he took me to 8 fa!r's work%ops4 ,no?+ c\ld h be5 m agreeable to my ta/es4 ,= !re ,i saw h[ iron ca/+s 7 made4 ,mill-"w & /eam-eng9es 7 repair$ !re1 & ,i c\ld see ! way 9 :i* p[] 0 produc$ & communicat$4 ,to me x 0 a mo/ in/ructive s*ool ( practical me*anics4 ,al?\gh ,i 0 only ab\t ?irte5 at ! "t1 ,i us$ to l5d a h&1 9 :i* he>ty zeal made up = want ( /r5g?4 ,i look back to ^! days1 especially to ! ,saturday aft]noons sp5t 9 ! work%ops ( ?is admirably conduct$ iron f\ndry1 z a mo/ important "p ( my education z a me*anical eng9e]4 ,i did n read ab\t su* ?+s2 = words 7 ( little use4 ,b ,i saw & h&l$1 & ?us all ! ideas 9 connection ) !m became p]man5tly root$ 9 my m9d4 ,ea* dep>tm5t ( ! iron f\ndry 0 sup]9t5d$ by an able & intellig5t man1 :o 0 di/+ui%$ n only by 8 ability b = 8 /ead9ess & sobriety4 ,! m5 7 = ! mo/ "p promot$ to _! =e-man%ip f ! ranks1 & _h be5 br\ght up 9 ! work%op f _! boyhood4 ,!y possess$ a /rong individuality ( "*1 & s]v$ _! employ] fai?fully & loyally4 ,"o ( ^! excell5t m51 ) :om ,i 0 frequ5tly br\ght into contact1 0 ,william ,watson4 ,he took special *>ge ( all t relat$ to ! con/ruction & repairs ( /eam-eng9es1 wat]-:eels1 & mill-"w g5]ally4 ,he 0 a skilful design] & draughtsman1 & an excell5t patt]n mak]4 ,8 designs 7 drawn 9 a bold & di/9ct /yle1 on l>ge deal bo>ds1 & 7 pass$ into ! h&s ( ! me*anics to be translat$ by !m into actual "w4 ,x 0 no small privilege to me to /& by1 & n[ & !n hold ! end ( ! long /raight edge1 or by "s humble b zeal\s g5u9e help ( m9e contribute to ! progress ( ^! sub/antial & mo/ effective me*anical draw+s4 ,watson expla9$ to me1 9 ! mo/ common-s5se mann]1 8 reasons = ! v>i\s =ms1 arrangem5ts1 & proportions ( ! details ( 8 designs4 ,he 0 an en?usia/ on ! subject ( ,euclid2 & to see ! beautiful problems appli$ by him 9 work+ out 8 excell5t draw+s 0 to me a lesson beyond all price4 ,watson 0 effectively assi/$ by 8 two sons1 :o c>ri$ out _! fa!r's designs 9 con/ruct+ ! wood patt]ns aft] :i* ! f\ndry-m5 or m\ld]s reproduc$ _! =ms 9 ca/ iron1 :ile ! smi?s by _! craft realis$ ! wr\ght-iron portions4 ,^? sons ( ,mr4 ,watson 7 ( t special class ( workm5 call$ millwrights-- a class n[ almo/ ext9ct1 ?\gh _m ( ! be/ kn[n eng9e]s orig9ally belong$ to !m4 ,!y c\ld "w ) equal effectiv5ess 9 wood or iron4 ,ano!r =eman 9 ,mr4 ,patt]son's f\ndry 0 call$ ,lewis4 ,he _h special *>ge ( ! iron ca/+s design$ = ar*itectural & ornam5tal purposes4 ,he 0 a man ( great ta/e & arti/ic feel+1 & ,i 0 able ev5 at t "t to appreciate ! beauty ( 8 designs4 ,"o ( ! mo/ orig9al *>act]s ab\t ! f\ndry1 h[ev]1 0 ,johnie ,syme4 ,he took *>ge ( ! old ,b\lton & ,watt /eam-eng9e1 :i* gave motion to ! ma*9]y ( ! works4 ,x also produc$ ! bla/ = ! ,cupolas1 9 :i* ! pig & ca/ iron scrap 0 daily melt$ & ca/ into ! v>i\s objects produc$ 9 ! f\ndry4 ,johnie 0 a complete inc>nation ( te*nical k4 ,he 0 ! ,jack-(-all-trades ( ! e/abli%m5t2 & ! /&+ c\nsel 9 e out-(-!-way case ( manag+ & ov]com+ me*anical difficulties4 ,he 0 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! bor+ ma*9es4 ,9 ^? days ! bor+ ( a /eam-eng9e cyl9d] 0 consid]$ high art 9 excelsis6 ,patt]son's firm 0 celebrat$ = ! accuracy ( its bor+4 ,i owe ,johnie ,syme a special debt ( gratitude1 z x 0 he :o fir/ initiat$ me into t mo/ important ( all te*nical processes 9 practical me*anism--! art ( h>d5+ & temp]9q /eel4 ,x is1 p]haps1 n say+ too mu* to ass]t t ! successful practice ( ! me*anical arts1 by means ( :i* man rises f ! savage to ! civilis$ /ate1 is due to t wond]ful *ange4 ,man began ) wood1 & /one1 & bone2 he proce$$ to bronze & iron2 b x 0 only by means ( h>d5$ /eel t he c\ld accompli% any?+ 9 arms1 9 agriculture1 or 9 ar*itecture4 ,! in/ant h>d5+ :i* occurs on plung+ a r$-hot piece ( /eel into cold wat] may well be describ$ z my/]i\s4 ,ev5 9 ^! days1 :5 sci5ce has def9$ ! causes ( s _m ph5om5a1 ! reason ( /eel becom+ h>d on sudd5ly cool+ x d[n f a r$-heat1 is a fact t no "o has yet expla9$4 ,! /eel may be temp]$ by modify+ ! degree ( heat to :i* x is aft]w>ds subject$4 ,x may ?us be t\gh5$ by slightly reheat+ ! h>d5$ /eel2 ! res(t5+ c\rse is indicat$ by c]ta9 prismatic t9ts1 :i* appe> 9 a peculi> ord] ( succession on its surface4 ,! skilful artisan ?us kn[s by exp]i5ce ! exact po9t at :i* x is necess>y aga9 to plunge x into cold wat] 9 ord] to secure ! requisite comb9ation ( t\ghness & h>dness to ! /eel requir$ = 8 purposes4 ,9 all ^! matt]s1 my e>ly in/ructor1 ,johnie ,syme1 gave me su* in=mation z prov$ ( ! greate/ use to me 9 ! aft] progress ( my me*anical c>e]4 ,johnie ,syme 0 also ! v inc>nation ( qua9t sly hum\r2 & :5 communicat+ "s ( 8 mo/ valu$ arcana ( practical me*anical k he always rem9d$ me ( "s ( ,o/ade's ,dut*m51 by an almo/ indescribable sly humor\s tw9kle ( ! eye1 :i* 9 t droll way /amp$ 8 in=mation on my memory4 ,tom ,smi? 0 ano!r ( my atta*$ cronies4 ,our fri5d%ip began at ! ,high ,s*ool 9 #ahah4 ,our simil>ity ( disposition b\nd u toge!r4 ,smi? 0 ! son ( an ent]pris+ g5]al m]*ant at ,lei?4 ,8 fa!r _h a special g5ius = practical *emi/ry4 ,he _h e/abli%$ an ext5sive col\r manufactory at ,portobello1 ne> ,ed9burgh1 :]e he produc$ :ite lead1 r$ lead1 & a great v>iety ( col\rs--9 ! prep>ation ( :i* he requir$ a ?or\gh k ( *emi/ry4,tom ,smi? inh]it$ 8 fa!r's ta/es1 & admitt$ me to %>e 9 8 exp]im5ts1 :i* 7 c>ri$ on 9 a *emical laboratory situat$ beh9d 8 fa!r's h\se at ! bottom ( ,lei? ,walk4 ,we _h a special means ( communication4 ,:5 any?+ p>ticul> 0 go+ on at ! laboratory1 ,tom hoi/$ a :ite flag on ! top ( a high pole 9 8 fa!r's g>d54 ,?\gh ,i 0 m ?an a mile ap>t1 ,i kept a look-out 9 ! direction ( ! laboratory ) a spy-glass4 ,my fa!r's h\se 0 at ! top ( ,lei? ,walk1 & ,smi?'s h\se 0 at ! bottom ( x4 ,:5 ! flag 0 hoi/$ ,i c\ld cle>ly see ! invitation to me to come d[n4 ,i 0 only too glad to run d[n ! ,walk & jo9 my *um1 & take "p ) him 9 "s int]e/+ *emical process4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 ! fa!r1 made me he>tily welcome4 ,he 0 pleas$ to see 8 son s mu* atta*$ to me1 & he p]haps believ$ t ,i 0 wor?y ( 8 fri5d%ip4 ,we took zeal\s "p 9 all ! *emical proce$+s1 & 9 t way ,tom 0 fitt+ himself = ! bus9ess ( 8 life4 ,mr4 ,smi? 0 a mo/ g5ial temp]$ man4 ,he 0 %rewd & quick-witt$1 l a native ( ,york1 z he 04 ,i receiv$ ! greate/ k9dness f him z well z f 8 family4 ,8 h\se 0 l a museum4 ,x 0 full ( cab9ets1 9 :i* 7 plac$ *oice & int]e/+ objects 9 natural hi/ory1 geology1 m9]alogy1 & metallurgy4 ,all 7 repres5t$4 ,_m ( ^! specim5s _h be5 br\ght to him f abroad by 8 %ip capta9s :o transport$ 8 col\r manufactures & o!r commodities to =eign p>ts4 ,my fri5d ,tom ,smi? & ,i made x a rule--& 9 ?is we 7 enc\rag$ by 8 fa!r--t1 s f> z 0 possible1 we ourselves %\ld actually make ! acids & o!r sub/ances us$ 9 our exp]im5ts4 ,we 7 n to buy !m ready made1 z ?is w\ld h tak5 ! ze/ out ( our enjoym5t4 ,we %\ld h lo/ ! pleasure & in/ruction ( produc+ !m by aid ( our own wits & en]gies4 ,to enc\nt] & ov]come a difficulty is ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all ?+s4 ,h5ce1 ?\gh (t5 baffl$1 we ev5tually produc$ p]fect specim5s ( nitr\s1 nitric1 & muriatic acids4 ,we di/ill$ alcohol f duly f]m5t$ sug> & wat]1 & rectifi$ ! resultant _s f fusel oil by pass+ ! alcoholic vap\r ?r\gh animal *>coal be=e x ent]$ ! worm ( ! /ill4 ,we conv]t$ "p ( ! alcohol into sulphuric e!r4 ,we produc$ phosphorus f bones1 & elaborat$ _m ( ! my/]ies ( *emi/ry4 ,! am\nt ( practical in=mation :i* we obta9$ by ?is sy/em ( mak+ our own *emical ag5ts 0 su* z to rew>d u1 9 _m respects1 = ! lab\r we und]w5t4 ,to outsid]s x might appe> a v tr\blesome & r\ndab\t way ( gett+ at ! f9ally desir$ result4 ,b ,i feel c]ta9 t !re is no bett] me?od ( root+ *emical or any o!r in/ruction1 deeply 9 our m9ds4 ,inde$1 ,i regret t ! same sy/em is n pursu$ by "y m5 ( ! pres5t day4 ,!y are seldom1 if ev]1 call$ ^u to ex]t _! own wits & indu/ry to obta9 ! requisites = _! in/ruction4 ,a great deal is n[ said ab\t te*nical education2 b h[ little !re is ( te*nical h&9ess or head "w6 ,ev]y?+ is b\ght ready made to _! h&s2 & h5ce !re is no call = individual +5uity4 ,i (t5 obs]ve1 9 %op-w9d[s1 e detail ( model %ips & model /eam-eng9es1 suppli$ ready made = ^? :o are said to be ( an +5i\s & me*anical turn4 ,?us ! vital uses ( res\rcefulness are done away )1 & a %am exhibition ( me*anical g5ius is p>ad$ be=e y by ! "y impo/ors--! result1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( too free a supply ( pocket money4 ,i h kn[n too _m in/ances ( p>5ts1 l$ by su* false evid5ce ( con/ructive skill1 appr5tic+ _! sons to "s eng9e]+ firm2 &1 aft] pay+ va/ sums1 f9d+ out t ! pret5d] comes out ( ! eng9e]+ %op ) no o!r practical accompli%m5t ?an t ( cig>-smok+6 ,! tru? is t ! eyes & ! f+]s--! b>e f+]s--are ! two pr9cipal inlets to s\nd practical in/ruction4 ,!y are ! *ief s\rces ( tru/wor?y k z to all ! mat]ials & op]ations :i* ! eng9e] has to deal )1 ,no book k c avail = t purpose4 ,! nature & prop]ties ( ! mat]ials mu/ come 9 ?r\gh ! f+] ends4 ,h5ce1 ,i h no fai? 9 "y eng9e]s :o are addict$ to we>+ gloves4 ,gloves1 especially kid gloves1 are p]fect non-conductors ( te*nical k4 ,?is has really m to d ) ! effici5cy ( "y aspirants = eng9e]+ success ?an mo/ p are aw>e (6 ,,*apt] #f4 ,me*anical ,beg9n+s4 ,i left ! ,high ,s*ool at ! end ( #ahbj4 ,i c>ri$ ) me a small am\nt ( ,lat91 & no ,greek4 ,i d n ?9k ,i 0 mu* ! bett] = my small acqua9tance ) ! dead languages4 ,i want$ some?+ m liv+ & quick5+4 ,i cont9u$ my /udies at private classes4 ,ari?metic & geometry 7 my fav\rite bran*es4,! ?ree fir/ books ( ,euclid 7 to me a new intellectual life4 ,!y br\ght out my p[] ( reason+4 ,!y tra9$ me m5tally4 ,!y enabl$ me to arrive at correct conclusions1 & to acquire a k ( absolute tru?s4 ,x is because ( ?is t ,i h ev] s9ce held ! beautifully p]fect me?od ( reason+1 z exhibit$ 9 ! exact me?od ( arriv+ at ,q4,e4,d41 to be "o ( ! mo/ satisfactory ef=ts & ex]cises ( ! human intellect4 ,besides visit+ & tak+ "p 9 ! works at ,patt]son's f\ndry1 & jo9+ 9 ! *emical exp]im5ts at ,smi?'s laboratory1 my fa!r gave me e opportunity = practis+ ! art ( draw+4 ,he taught me to sket* ) exactness e object1 :e!r natural or artificial1 s z to enable ! h& to accurately reproduce :at ! eye _h se54 ,9 ord] to acquire ?is almo/ invaluable art1 :i* c s]ve s _m valuable purposes 9 life1 he 0 c>eful to educate my eye1 s t ,i might p]ceive ! relative proportions ( ! objects plac$ be=e me4 ,he w\ld ?r[ d[n at r&om a numb] ( bricks1 or pieces ( wood repres5t+ !m1 & set me to copy _! =ms1 _! proportions1 _! lights & %ad[s respectively4 ,i h (t5 he>d him say t any "o :o c\ld make a correct draw+ 9 reg>d to outl9e1 & also indicate by a few effective t\*es ! v>iation ( lights & %ad[s ( su* a gr\p ( model object's1 might n despair ( mak+ a good & correct sket* ( ! ext]ior ( ,york ,m9/]6 ,my fa!r 0 an en?usia/ 9 praise ( ?is graphic language1 & ,i h foll[$ 8 example4 ,9 fact1 x =m$ a pr9cipal "p ( my own education4 ,x gave me ! p[] ( record+ obs]vations ) a few graphic /rokes ( ! p5cil1 :i* f> surpass$ 9 expression any numb] ( m]e words4 ,?is graphic eloqu5ce is "o ( ! highe/ gifts 9 convey+ cle> & correct ideas z to ! =ms ( objects--:e!r !y be ^? ( a simple & famili> k9d1 or ( "s =m ( me*anical con/ruction1 or ( ! details ( f9e build+1 or ! *>act]i/ic features ( a wide-/ret*+ l&scape4 ,?is accompli%m5t ( accurate draw+1 :i* ,i a*iev$ = ! mo/ "p 9 my fa!r's "w-room1 s]v$ me _m a good turn 9 future ye>s ) ref]5ce to ! eng9e]+ "w :i* became ! bus9ess ( my life4 ,i 0 con/antly busy4 ,m9d1 h&s1 & body 7 kept 9 a /ate ( delightful & in/ructive activity4 ,:5 n draw+1 ,i occupi$ myself 9 my fa!r's work%op at ! la!1 ! furnace1 or ! b5*4 ,i gradually became initiat$ into e v>iety ( me*anical & *emical manipulation4 ,i made my own tools & con/ruct$ my *emical app>atus1 z f> z lay 9 my p[]4 ,) respect to ! latt]1 ,i con/ruct$ a v h&y & effective bl[pipe app>atus1 consi/+ ( a small air =ce-pump1 connect$ ) a cyl9drical vessel ( t9 plate4 ,by means ( an occasional use ( ! h&y pump1 x yield$ su* a f9e /eady bl[pipe bla/1 z enabl$ me to b5d glass tubes & bl[ bulbs = !rmomet]s1 to analyse metals or m9]al sub/ances1 or to d any o!r "w = :i* int5se heat 0 necess>y4 ,my natural aptitude = manipulation1 :e!r 9 me*anical or *emical op]ations1 prov$ v s]viceable to myself z well z to o!rs2 & 7z w be %[n h]eaft]7 x ga9$ = me ! fri5d%ip ( _m di/+ui%$ sci5tific m54 ,b ,i did n devote myself altoge!r to exp]im5ts4 ,ex]cise is z necess>y = ! body z ! m9d4 ,)\t full heal? a man _c enjoy com=t1 nor c he possess endurance4 ,i !re=e took pl5ty ( ex]cise out ( doors4 ,i accompani$ my fa!r 9 8 walks r\nd ,ed9burgh4 ,my intellect 0 kept alive dur+ ^! delightful excursions4 ,= sometimes my fa!r 0 accompani$ by bro!r-arti/s1 ^: conv]sation is always s attractive2 & sometimes by sci5tific m51 su* z ,sir ,james ,hall1 ,pr(essor ,leslie1 ,dr4 ,brew/]1 & o!rs4 ,:atev] may h be5 my opportunities = education s-call$1 no?+ c\ld h bett] s]v$ ! purpose ( real education 7! evolution ( ! m5tal faculties7 ?an ! opportunities ,i enjoy$ :ile accompany+ & li/5+ to ! conv]sation ( m5 di/+ui%$ = _! orig9ality ( ?\ght & _! high intellectual capacity4 ,?is 0 a m5tal culture ( ! be/ k9d4 ,! volcanic orig9 ( ! beautiful sc5]y r\nd ,ed9burgh 0 (t5 ! subject ( _! conv]sation4 ,probably few visitors are aw>e t all ^? rem>kable em95ces1 :i* give to ! city & its surr\nd+s s peculi> & romantic an aspect1 are ! results ( ! op]ation1 dur+ inconceivably remote ages1 ( volcanic =ce p5etrat+ ! e>?'s cru/ by disruptive p[]1 & p\r+ =? /reams ( molt5 lava1 n[ %runk & cool$ into volcanic rock4 ,! obs]vant eye1 op5$ by ! light ( ,sci5ce1 c see unmi/akable evid5ces ( a condition ( ?+s :i* 7 9 action at p]iods s remote z1 9 comp>ison1 to %r9k up ! olde/ ( human records into ev5ts ( ye/]day4 ,i _h (t5 ! privilege ( /&+ by & he>+ ! philosophic ,leslie1 ,brew/]1 & ,hall1 discuss+ ^! volcanic rema9s 9 _! actual pres5ce2 sometimes at ,ar?ur's ,seat or on ! ,calton ,hill1 or at ! rock on :i* ,ed9burgh ,ca/le /&s1 ,_! obs]vations sank indelibly into my memory1 & gave me ! key to ! orig9 ( ?is gr& class ( t]re/rial ph5om5a4 ,:5 /&+ at ! ,giant's ,ribs1 on ! s\? side ( ,ar?ur's ,seat1 ,i felt z if "o ( ! gr&e/ pages ( ! e>?'s hi/ory lay op5 be=e me4 ,! evid5ces ( simil> volcanic action ab\nd 9 _m o!r places ne> ,ed9burgh2 & !y may be trac$ "r across ,scotl& f ! ,bass ,rock to ,f+al's ,cave1 ! ,giant's ,causeway 9 ,antrim1 & ,slievh ,league on ! s\?-we/ coa/ ( ,donegal 9 ,irel&4 ,volcanic action1 9 "s inconceivably remote p]iod ( ! e>?'s cru/ hi/ory1 has be5 ! ,pl\gh1 & aft] d5udation by wat]1 has be5 ! ,h>r[1 by :i* ! orig9ally deep-seat$ m9]al treasures ( ! globe h be5 br\ght )9 ! rea* ( man's indu/rial ef=ts4 ,x has ?us yield$ him inexhau/ible m9]al h>ve/s1 & help$ him to "s ( ! mo/ important mat]ial elem5ts 9 8 progress t[>ds civilisation4 ,x is f ?is consid]ation t1 :ile enjoy+ ! results ( ^! gr& fundam5tal actions ( ! ,creator's mighty ag5cies 9 _! picturesque aspect1 ! k ( _! useful results to man adds va/ly to ! gr&eur ( ! contemplation ( _! aspect & nature4 ,?is great subject caus$ me1 ev5 at ?is e>ly p]iod ( my life1 to behold ) special int]e/ ! fir/ peep at ! /ructure ( ! moon's surface1 z reveal$ to me by an excell5t ,ramsd5 spy-glass1 :i* my fa!r possess$1 & ?us plant$ ! se$ ( t e>ne/ desire to scrut9ise m m9utely ! moon's wond]ful surface1 :i* 9 aft] ye>s ,i pursu$ by means ( ! p[]ful reflect+ telescopes con/ruct$ by myself4 ,to turn to ano!r subject4 ,9 #ahbb ! loyalty ( ,scotl& 0 greatly excit$ :5 ,george ! ,f\r? paid 8 well-kn[n visit to ,ed9burgh4 ,x 0 !n ! second greate/ city 9 ! k+dom1 & _h n be5 visit$ by royalty = ab\t #agj ye>s4 ,! civic au?orities1 & ! inhabitants g5]ally1 ex]t$ !mselves to ! utmo/ to give ! k+ a cordial welcome1 9 spite ( a c]ta9 feel+ ( dissatisfaction z to 8 p]sonal "*4 ,! rec5t trial & dea? ( ,que5 ,c>ol9e _h n be5 =gott51 yet all su* recollections 7 suppress$ 9 ! e>ne/ desire to %[ e respect to ! royal visitor4 ,ed9burgh 0 cr[d$ ) p f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry2 hea!r 0 array$ on e bonnet & hat2 & ! reception 0 on ! :ole magnific5t4 ,p]haps ! mo/ impressive spectacle 0 ! ord]l9ess ( ! multitude1 all array$ 9 _! ,sunday clo!s4 ,! /reets1 w9d[s2 & h\se-tops 7 cr[d$2 & ! ,calton ,hill1 ,salisbury ,crags1 & ev5 ,ar?ur's ,seat x self1 7 cov]$ ) p4 ,on ! night be=e ! arrival a gigantic bonfire on ,ar?ur's ,seat lit up ) a trem5d\s blaze ! :ole city1 z well z ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,x =m$ a magnific5t & picturesque sight1 illum9at+ ! adjac5t m\nta9s z well z ! prom95t features ( ! city4 ,x made "o imag9e t ! gr& old volcanic m\nta9 _h once m1 aft] a re/ ( "s hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1 bur/ out aga9 9 its =m] vehem5ce ( eruptive activity4 ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 _m v di/+ui%$ m5 :o took "p 9 ! pageant ( ! k+'s entry into ,ed9burgh1 b none ( !m _h _! pres5ce m cordially ackn[l$g$ ?an ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 :o nev] felt m pr\d ( 8 own romantic t[n ?an he did ^u ?is occasion4 ,x is unnecess>y to m5tion ! _m int]e/+ features ( ! royal reception4 ,! k+'s visit la/$ = sev5 or eight days1 & ev]y?+ pass$ (f loyally1 ord]ly1 happily1 & successfully4 ,%ortly aft] ?is "t !re 0 a great deal ( di/ress among ! lab\r+ classes4 ,all ! manufactur+ t[ns 7 %ort ( employm5t1 & ! weav]s & factory work]s 7 ?r[n ^u ! public4 ,_m ( ! workm5 ?\ght t politics 7 ! causes ( _! suff]+4 ,radical clubs 7 =m$1 & ! ,glasg[ weav]s began to drill at nights 9 ! hopes ( sett+ ?+s to rights by means ( physical =ce4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! />v+ weav]s came to ,ed9burgh4 ,a committee 0 =m$1 & contributions 7 collect$1 = ! purpose ( giv+ !m tempor>y employm5t4 ,!y 7 set to "w to make roads & walks r\nd ! ,calton ,hill & ,crags4 ,! f9e walk imm$iately "u ! precipit\s crags1 :i* op5s out su* p]fect panoramic views ( ,ed9burgh1 0 made by ^! poor fell[s4 ,x 0 h>d "w = _! delicate h&s & f+]s1 :i* be=e _h be5 accu/om$ only to deal ) ?reads & s(t fabrics4 ,!y 7 v badly suit$ = h&l+ ! mattock1 %ovel1 & h&-b>r[4 ,! result ( _! lab\rs1 h[ev]1 prov$ ( great advantage to ,ed9burgh 9 op5+ up ! beauties ( its sc5]y4 ,! road r\nd ! crags is /ill call$ ,! ,radical ,road4 ,let me "h m5tion "o ( ! mo/ memorable incid5ts ( ! ye> #ahbd4 ,i ref] to ! de/ructive fire :i* took place 9 ! old t[n ( ,ed9burgh4 ,x broke out 9 an ap>tm5t situat$ 9 "o ( ! highe/ piles ( h\ses 9 ! ,high ,/reet4 ,9 spite ( e ef=t ( ! firem5 ! entire pile 0 gutt$ & de/roy$4 ,! fire 0 ?\ght to be effectually arre/$2 b t[>ds ! aft]noon ( ! next day smoke 0 obs]v$ issu+ f ! upp] "p ( ! /eeple ( ! ,tron ,*ur*4 ,! /eeple 0 built ( timb]1 cov]$ ) lead4 ,!re is nev] smoke b !re is fire2 & at la/ ! flames bur/ =?4 ,! height ( ! spire 0 s l(ty t all attempts to ext+ui% ! fire 7 hopeless4 ,! lead 0 soon melt$1 & ru%$ 9 /reams into ! /reet bel[4 ,at l5g? ! :ole /eeple fell d[n ) a frightful cra%4 ,i happ5$ to see ! fir/ outbreak ( ?is extraord9>y fire1 & ,i wat*$ its progress to its close4 ,burn+ emb]s 7 c>ri$ by ! w9d & communicat$ ! fire to neighb\r+ h\ses4 ,! la/ outbur/ took place "o night ab\t t54 ,all ! fire-eng9es ( ,ed9burgh & ! neighb\rhood 7 collect$ r\nd ! build+s1 & play$ wat] ^u ! flames1 b )\t effect4 ,:ole ranges ( l(ty old h\ses 7 ro>+ ) fire4 ,9 ! c\rse ( two or ?ree h\rs1 sev]al acres1 cov]$ by ! l(tie/ & mo/ d5sely cr[d$ h\ses 9 ! ,high ,/reet1 7 9 a blaze4 ,"s ( !m 7 ( ?irte5 /ories4 ,floor aft] floor came cra%+ d[n1 ?r[+ out a blaze ( emb]s4 ,! walls ( ea* h\se act$ z an enorm\s *imney --! w9d[s act+ z draught-holes4 ,! walls1 "u ! int5se heat1 7 flux$ & melt$ into a sort ( glass4 ,! only me?od ( /opp+ ! progress ( ! fire 0 to pull d[n ! neighb\r+ h\ses1 s z to isolate ! rema9+ p>ts ( ! ,high ,/reet4 ,z ! p>apet ( ! gr& old t[] ( ! ,high ,*ur*1 ,/4 ,giles1 0 ne> ! site ( ! fire1--s ne> z to enable "o to look d[n into x1--my fa!r obta9$ p]mission to asc5d1 & ,i ) him4 ,:5 we em]g$ f ! long d>k spiral /airs on to ! plat=m on ! top ( ! t[]1 we f\nd a select p>ty ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ inhabitants look+ d[n into ! va/ area ( fire2 & prom95t among !m 0 ,sir ,walt] ,scott4 ,at la/1 aft] ?ree days ( trem5d\s ef=ts1 ! fire 0 subdu$2 b n till aft] a t]rible de/ruction ( prop]ty4 ,! great height ( ! ru9$ rema9s ( ! piles ( h\ses r5d]$ x impossible to h !m remov$ by ! ord9>y means4 ,aft] sev]al fruitless attempts ) *a9s & ropes1 work$ by cap/ans1 to pull !m d[n1 gunp[d] 0 at la/ resort$ to4 ,m9es 7 dug "u ea* va/ pile2 "o or two b>rels ( gunp[d] 7 plac$ into !m & fir$2 & !n ! be=e solid masses came tumbl+ d[n amid/ cl\ds ( du/4 ,! managem5t ( ?is haz>d\s b ev5tually safe process 0 conduct$ by ,capta9 ,basil ,ball4 ,he ord]$ a crew ( sailors to be br\ght up f ! man-(-w> gu>d%ip 9 ! ,fir? ( ,=?2 & by _! unit$ ef=ts ! de/ruction ( ! ru9$ walls 0 at la/ successfully accompli%$4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahbc1 :5 ,i 0 fifte5 ye>s old1 ,i _h a mo/ delightful j\rney ) my fa!r4 ,x 0 ! fir/ occasion on :i* ,i _h be5 a consid]able di/ance f home4 ,& yet ! j\rney 0 only to ,/irl+4 ,my fa!r _h receiv$ a commission to pa9t a view ( ! ca/le z se5 f ! ru9s ( ,cambusk5ne? ,abbey1 situat$ a few miles f ! t[n4 ,we />t$ f ,ne:av5 by a small /eamboat1 pass+1 on our way up ! ,fir?1 ,que5sf]ry1 ,culross1 & ,alloa4 ,we !n ent]$ ! w9d+s ( ! riv]1 f :i* ,i saw ! ,o*ils1 a noble range ( bright gre5 m\nta9s4 ,! passage ( ! /eam] ?r\gh ! turns & w9d+s ( ! ,=? 0 mo/ int]e/+4 ,we arriv$ at ,/irl+1 & at once proce$$ to ,cambusk5ne? ,abbey1 :]e !re 0 a noble old ,go?ic t[]4 ,?is =m$ ! =egr\nd ( my fa!r's c>eful sket*1 ) ,/irl+ ,ca/le 9 ! backgr\nd1 & ,b5 ,lomond ) _m o!r ( ! ,highl& m\nta9s 9 ! di/ance4 ,z my fa!r wi%$ to make a model ( ! ,go?ic t[]1 he desir$ me to draw x c>efully1 & to take ! dim5sions ( all ! *ief p>ts z well z to make detail$ sket*es ( its m9or ar*itectural features4 ,x 0 a delightful autumn aft]noon1 &1 be=e ! day _h clos$1 our "w at ! abbey 0 done4 ,we return$ to ,/irl+ & took a walk r\nd ! ca/le to see ! effect ( ! sun sett+ beh9d ! ,highl& m\nta9s4 ,next morn+ we visit$ ! ca/le4 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ ) ! int]ior1 especially ) a beautifully decorat$ ,go?ic oratory or private *apel1 us$ by ! ,scotti% k+s :5 !y resid$ at ,/irl+4 ,! oratory _h be5 conv]t$ ) great ta/e into an ante-draw+room ( ! gov]nor's h\se4 ,! exquisite decorations ( ?is *apel99 footnote444 ,?is exquisite specim5 ( a c>v$ oak ,go?ic ap>tm5t _h a t]rible incid5t 9 ,scotti% hi/ory connect$ ) x4 ,x 0 9 ?is place t ,! ,d\glas intrud$ 8 pres5ce on ,james ! ,?ird4 ,he urg$ 8 dem&s 9 a viol5t & ?reat5+ mann]1 & aft]w>ds laid h&s ^u ! k+4 ,! latt]1 9 def5d+ himself ) 8 dagg]1 w\nd$ ! ,d\glas mortally2 & to get rid ( ! body ! k+ ca/ x out ( ! w9d[ ( ! *apel1 :]e x fell d[n ! precipit\s rock und]nea?4 ,! *apel has s9ce be5 de/roy$ by fire4 444 7 ! fir/ specim5s ( ,go?ic c>v+ 9 oak t ,i _h ev] se51 & !y seem$ to put our mod]n c>v+s to %ame4 ,! ,great ,hall1 :]e ! ,scotti% ,p>liam5t us$ to meet1 0 also v int]e/+ z connect$ ) ! anci5t hi/ory ( ! c\ntry4 ,f ,/irl+ we walk$ to ,alloa1 pass+ ! picturesque cascades ru%+ d[n ! cleft's ( ! ,o*ils4 ,we put up = ! night at ,clackmannan1 a v decay$ & melan*oly-look+ village1 ?\gh x possess$ a f9e specim5 ( ! ,scotti% ca/ellat$ t[]4 ,x is said t ,rob]t ,bruce slept "h be=e ! ,battle ( ,bannockburn4 ,b ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ t ,i saw dur+ ! j\rney 0 ! ,devon ,ironworks4 ,i _h read & he>d ab\t ! processes c>ri$ on !re 9 smelt+ iron ore & runn+ x into pig-iron4 ,! orig9 ( ! famili> trade t]m pig-iron is d]iv$ f ! result ( ! arrangem5t mo/ suitable = di/ribut+ ! molt5 iron z x ru%es =? f ! op5+ made at ! bottom "p ( ! bla/-furnace2 :51 aft] its r$uction f ! ore1 x collects 9 a fluid mass ( sev]al tons weight4 ,previ\s to tapp+ ! furnace a great c5tral *annel is made 9 ! s&-cov]$ floor ( ! =ge2 ?is c5tral *annel is !n subdivid$ into _m lat]al bran*es or canals1 into :i* ! molt5 iron fl[s1 & ev5tually h>d5s4 ,! great /eam-eng9e t work$ ! bla/ furnace 0 ! l>ge/ ,i _h ev] se54 ,a s+ul> exp$i5t 0 employ$ at ^! works1 ( us+ a va/ vault hewn 9 ! solid rock ( ! hillside = ! purpose ( /or+ up ! bla/ produc$ by ! eng9es1 & s equalis+ ! pressure2 ?us turn+ a m\nta9 side into a res]voir = ! use ( a bla/-furnace4 ,?is seem$ to me a d>+ & wond]ful eng9e]+ feat4 ,we wait$ at ! works until ! usual "t _h arriv$ = lett+ out ! molt5 iron :i* _h be5 accumulat+ at ! l[] "p ( ! bla/-furnace4 ,x 0 a f9e sight to see ! /ream ( :ite-hot iron fl[+ l wat] into ! l>ge gutt] imm$iately be=e ! op5+4 ,f ?is ! molt5 iron fl[$ on until x fill$ ! m\lds ( s& :i* bran*$ (f f ! c5tral gutt]4 ,! iron left 9 ! c5tre1 :5 cool$ & brok5 up1 0 call$ s[ metal1 :ile t 9 ! bran*es 0 call$ pig iron2 ! t]ms be+ d]iv$ f ! appe>ance ( a s[ engag$ 9 its mat]nal duties4 ,! pig-iron is ?us ca/ 9 h&y-siz$ pieces = ! purpose ( be+ transport$ to o!r iron f\ndries2 :ile ! clumsy s[ metal is brok5 up & passes ?r\gh ano!r process ( melt+1 or is res]v$ = f\ndry uses at ! works :]e x is produc$4 ,aft] inspect+ ) great pleasure ! ma*9]y connect$ ) ! f\ndry1 we took our leave & return$ to ,ed9burgh by /eam] f ,alloa4 ,%ortly aft]1 ,i _h ! good =tune to make ! acqua9tance ( ,rob]t ,bald1 ! well-kn[n m9+ eng9e]4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ k9d-he>t$ m5 ,i h ev] kn[n4 ,he 0 always ready to communicate 8 k to "y & old4 ,8 s\nd judgm5t & long practical exp]i5ce 9 reg>d to coal-m9+ & ! v>i\s ma*9]y connect$ ) x1 r5d]$ him a man ( great importance 9 ! nor!rn c\nties1 :]e 8 advice 0 eag]ly s\ght =4 ,besides 8 special k1 he _h a l>ge acqua9tance ) lit]ature & sci5ce4 ,he 0 bright1 lively1 & en]getic4 ,he 0 a liv+ record ( good /ories1 & 9 e circle 9 :i* he mov$ he 0 ! focus ( *e]fulness4 ,9 fact1 !re 0 no great] social fav\rite 9 ,ed9burgh ?an ,rob]t ,bald4 ,bald 0 v fond ( "y p1 & he became mu* atta*$ to me4 ,he us$ to come to my fa!r's h\se1 & (t5 came 9 to see :at ,i 0 ab\t 9 ! "w-room4 ,he 0 rejoic$ to see ! e>ne/ & indu/ri\s mann] 9 :i* ,i 0 employ$1 9 prep>+ myself = my propos$ bus9ess z an eng9e]4 ,he look$ ov] my tools1 mo/ly ( my own mak+1 & gave me e enc\ragem5t4 ,:5 he _h any visitors he usually br\ght !m & introduc$ !m to me4 ,9 ?is way ,i _h ! happ9ess to make ! acqua9tance ( ,rob]t ,napi]1 ,nelson1 & ,cook1 ( ,glasg[2 & 9 aft] life ,i cont9u$ to enjoy _! fri5d%ip4 ,x w\ld be difficult = me to detail ! acts ( true dis9t]e/$ k9dness :i* ,i cont9u$ to receive f ?is admirable man4 ,on sev]al occasions he wi%$ me to accompany him on 8 bus9ess j\rneys1 9 ord] t ,i might see "s works t w\ld supply me ) valuable in=mation4 ,he _h design$ a p[]ful pump+ eng9e to dra9 m effectually a l>ge colli]y di/rict situat$ ne> ,bannockburn--close to ! site ( ! great battle 9 ! "t ( ,rob]t ! ,bruce4 ,he invit$ me to jo9 him4 ,x 0 ) ! greate/ pleasure t ,i accept$ 8 invitation2 = !re w\ld be n only ! pleasure ( see+ a noble piece ( /eam ma*9]y br\ght into action = ! fir/ "t1 b also ! enjoym5t ( visit+ ! celebrat$ ,c>ron ,ironworks4 ,! ,c>ron ,ironworks are classic gr\nd to eng9e]s4 ,!y are associat$ ) ! memory ( ,roebuck1 ,watt1 & ,mill] ( ,dalsw9ton4 ,= !re ,roebuck & ,watt began ! fir/ work+ /eam-eng9e2 ,mill] appli$ ! /eam-eng9e to ! purposes ( navigation1 & inv5t$ ! ,c>ronade gun4 ,! works exi/$ at an e>ly p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( ,briti% iron manufacture4 ,mu* ( ! ma*9]y cont9u$ to be ( wood4 ,al?\gh effective 9 a g5]al way x 0 mon/r\sly cumbr\s4 ,x gave ! idea ( va/ p[] & capability ( resi/ance1 :ile x 0 f> f be+ s 9 reality4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 truly impos+ & impressive 9 its effect ^u /rang]s4 ,:5 se5 p>tially lit up by ! gl[+ masses ( :ite-hot iron1 ) only ! rays ( bright sun%9e gleam+ ?r\gh a few holes 9 ! ro(1 & ! d>k1 black1 smoky vaults 9 :i* ! cumbr\s ma*9]y 0 he>d rumbl+ away 9 ! di/ance--:ile ! mov+ p>ts 7 dimly se5 ?r\gh ! murky atmosph]e1 mix$ ) ! s\nds ( escap+ /eam & ru%es ( wat]2 ) ! half-nak$ m5 d>t+ ab\t ) masses ( r$-hot iron & ladles full ( molt5 ca/-iron--x made a p[]ful impression ^u ! m9d4 ,i 0 aft]w>ds greatly int]e/$ by a collection ( old arm\r1 dug up f ! field ( ! ,battle ( ,bannockburn close at h&4 ,!y 7 arrang$ on ! walls ( ! h\se ( ! manag] ( ! ,c>ron ,ironworks4 ,!re 7 swords1 dagg]s1 lances1 battle-axes1 %ields1 & coats ( *a9-arm\r4 ,"s ( ! latt] 7 :ole1 o!rs 9 fragm5t>y portions4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly int]e/$ ) ! admirable workman%ip ( ! coats ( mail4 ,! iron l9ks ext5d$ f ! cov]+ ( ! head to ! end ( ! arms1 & f ! %\ld]s d[n to ! hips1 9 "o l9k$ iron fabric4 ,! beauty & exactness ) :i* ?is *a9-arm\r _h be5 =g$ & built up 7 truly wond]ful4 ,!re mu/ h be5 giants 9 ^? days4 ,?is gr& /yle ( arm\r 0 9 use f ! "t ( ! ,conque/1 & 0 mo/ effective 9 ! way ( protection1 z x 0 fitt$ by its flexibility to give full play to ! en]getic action ( ! we>]4 ,x 0 inf9itely sup]ior to ! s5seless plate-arm\r t 0 us$1 at a subsequ5t p]iod1 to encase soldi]s l lob/]s4 ,! *a9-arm\r ,i saw at ,c>ron left a deep impression on my m9d4 ,i nev] see a bit ( x1 or ( its repres5tation 9 ! figures on our gr& tombs ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b ,i ?9k ( my fir/ sight ( x at ,c>ron & ( ! trem5d\s conflict at ,bannockburn4 ,rememb]+1 also1 ! impressive sight ( ! picturesque fire-lit halls1 & ! t]rible-look+1 cumbr\s ma*9]y :i* ,i fir/ beheld on a gr& scale at ,c>ron1 ,i h (t5 regrett$ t "s ( our arti/s d n foll[ up ! example set !m by t admirable pa9t]1 ,wright ( ,d]by1 & treat u to ! pictures ( "s ( our great ironworks4 ,!y n only ab\nd ) ! elem5ts ( ! picturesque 9 its highe/ s5se1 b also set =? ! glory ( ! useful arts 9 su* a way z w\ld wor?ily call =? ! highe/ p[] ( our arti/s4 ,to return to my life at ,ed9burgh4 ,i 0 n[ sev5te5 ye>s old4 ,i _h acquir$ a consid]able am\nt ( practical k z to ! use & h&l+ ( me*anical tools1 & ,i desir$ to turn x to "s acc\nt4 ,i 0 able to con/ruct work+ models ( /eam-eng9es & o!r app>atus requir$ = ! illu/ration ( me*anical subjects4 ,i began ) mak+ a small work+ /eam eng9e = ! purpose ( gr9d+ ! oil-col\rs us$ by my fa!r 9 8 arti/ic "w4 ,! result 0 q satisfactory4 ,_m p]sons came to see my active little /eam-eng9e at "w1 & !y 7 s pleas$ ) x t ,i receiv$ sev]al ord]s = small work%op eng9es1 & also = "s models ( /eam-eng9es to illu/rate ! subjects taught at ,me*anics' ,in/itutions4 ,image ,sectional model ( cond5s+ /eam-eng9e4 ,by ,james ,nasmy? ,i contriv$ a sectional model ( a complete cond5s+ /eam-eng9e ( ! beam & p>allel motion con/ruction4 ,! model1 z se5 f "o side1 exhibit$ e ext]nal detail 9 full & due action :5 ! fly:eel 0 mov$ r\nd by h&2 :ile1 on ! o!r or sectional side1 e detail ( ! int]ior 0 se51 ) ! /eam-valves & air-pump1 z well z ! motion ( ! pi/on 9 ! cyl9d]1 ) ! con/ruction ( ! pi/on & ! /uff+ box1 toge!r ) ! slide-valve & /eam passages1 all 9 due position & relative movem5t4 ,! fir/ ( ^! sectional models ( ! /eam-eng9e 0 made = ! ,ed9burgh ,s*ool ( ,arts1 :]e its uses 9 in/ruct+ me*anics & o!rs 9 ! application ( /eam 7 highly appreciat$4 ,! second 0 made = ,pr(essor ,leslie1 ( ! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity1 = use 9 8 lectures on ,natural ,philosophy4 ,! pr(essor _h1 at 8 own private co/1 provid$ a complete & excell5t set ( app>atus1 :i*1 = excell5t workman%ip & admirable utility1 _h nev]1 ,i believe1 be5 provid$ = ! s]vice ( any univ]sity4 ,he 0 s pleas$ ) my addition to 8 class-room app>atus1 t1 besides express+ 8 great ?anks = my s]vices1 he mo/ h&somely pres5t$ me ) a free ticket to 8 ,natural ,philosophy class z a regul> /ud5t1 s long z x suit$ me to make use ( 8 in/ruction4 ,b f> beyond ?is1 z a rew>d = my e>ne/ endeav\rs to satisfy ?is truly great philosoph]1 0 ! k9dly mann] 9 :i* he on all occasions communicat$ to me conv]sationally 8 orig9al & ma/]ly views on ! great fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,natural ,philosophy-- especially z reg>d$ ! pr9ciples ( ,dynamics & ! ,philosophy ( ,me*anics4 ,! cle> views :i* he communicat$ 9 8 conv]sation1 z well z 9 8 admirable lectures1 vividly illu/rat$ by ! exp]im5ts :i* he _h orig9at$1 prov$ ( great advantage to me2 & ,i _h e reason to consid] 8 fri5d%ip & 8 tea*+ z among/ ! mo/ important elem5ts 9 my future success z a practical eng9e]4 ,hav+ ref]r$ to ! ,ed9burgh ,s*ool ( ,arts1 ,i feel x necess>y to say some?+ ab\t ! orig9 ( t excell5t in/itution4 ,a committee ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ citiz5s ( ,ed9burgh 0 =m$ = ! purpose ( in/itut+ a college 9 :i* work+ m5 & me*anics might possess ! advantages ( in/ruction 9 ! pr9ciples on :i* _! v>i\s occupations 7 conduct$4 ,among ! committee 7 ,leon>d ,horn]1 ,francis ,jeffrey1 ,h5ry ,cockburn1 ,john ,murray ( ,h5d]l&1 ,alex&] ,bryson1 ,james ,ml9e1 ,john ,mill]1 ! ,"l ,provo/1 & v>i\s memb]s ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,_! ef=ts succe$$1 & ! in/itution 0 f\nd$4 ,! classes 7 op5$ 9 #ahba1 9 :i* ye> ,i became a /ud5t4 ,9 ord] to supply ! /ud5ts1 :o 7 *iefly "y m5 ( ! work+ class1 ) s\nd in/ruction 9 ! v>i\s bran*es ( sci5ce1 ! lectures 7 deliv]$ & ! classes 7 sup]9t5d$ by m5 ( e/abli%$ ability 9 _! sev]al dep>tm5ts4 ,?is c\rse 0 regul>ly pursu$ f its fundam5tal & elem5t>y pr9ciples to ! highe/ po9t ( sci5tific in/ruction4 ,! consecutive lectures & exam9ations ext5d$1 z 9 ! ,univ]sity1 f ,octob] to ,may 9 ea* ye>'s session4 ,x 01 9 fact1 our fir/ te*nical college4 ,9 ^! lat] days :5 s _m ( our s-call$ ,me*anics' ,in/itutes are m]ely *eap read+-clubs = ! middle classes1 & ! lectures are deliv]$ = ! mo/ "p m]ely = a pleasant ev5+' s amusem5t1 x seems to me t we h greatly dep>t$ f ! orig9al design ) :i* ,me*anics' ,in/itutions 7 f\nd$4 ,z ! ,ed9burgh ,s*ool ( ,arts 0 int5d$ = ! b5efit ( me*anics1 ! lectures & classes 7 held 9 ! ev5+ aft] ! day's "w 0 ov]4 ,! lectures on *emi/ry 7 giv5 by ,dr4 ,fyfe --an excell5t man4 ,8 cle>ness ( /yle1 8 successful exp]im5ts1 & ! c>eful & graphic me?od by :i* he c>ri$ 8 /ud5ts f ! fir/ fundam5tal pr9ciples to ! highe/ po9ts ( *emical sci5ce1 attract$ a cr[d$ & att5tive audi5ce4 ,n less int]e/+ 7 ! lectures on ,me*anical ,philosophy1 :i* 9 my "t 7 deliv]$ by ,dr4 ,lees & ,mr4,bu*anan4 ,! class ( ,geometry & ,ma!matics 0 equally well conduct$1 ?\gh ! att5dance 0 n s great4 ,! build+ :i* ! directors _h secur$ = ! lecture-hall & class-rooms ( ! in/itution 0 situat$ at ! l[] end ( ,niddry ,/reet1 ne>ly "u ! great ar* ( ! ,s\? ,bridge4 ,x _h be5 built ab\t a hundr$ ye>s be=e1 & 0 =m]ly us$ by an association ( amateur musicians1 :o gave p]iodical conc]ts ( vocal & in/rum5tal music4 ,! or*e/ra 0 n[ conv]t$ into a noble lecture table1 ) accommodation = any am\nt ( app>atus t might be requir$ = ! purposes ( illu/ration4 ,! seats 7 arrang$ 9 ! body ( ! hall 9 conc5tric segm5ts1 ) ! lecture table z _! c5tre4 ,9 an alcove fight opposite ! lectur] might (t5 be se5 ! directors ( ! in/itution-- ,jeffrey1 ,horn]1 ,murray1 & o!rs--:o took e opportunity ( dignify+ by _! pres5ce ?is noble ga!r+ ( e>ne/ & intellig5t work+ m54 ,a libr>y ( sci5tific books 0 soon add$ to ! in/itution1 by pur*ases or by gifts4 ,su* 0 ! eag]ness to h a *ance ( gett+ ! book y want$ t ,i rememb] /&+ on _m occasions = "s "t amid/ a numb] ( applicants await+ ! op5+ ( ! door on an ev5+ libr>y night4 ,x 0 z cr[d$ z if ,i _h be5 /&+ at ! gall]y door ( ! !atre on a night :5 "s di/+ui%$ /> f ,london 0 ab\t to make 8 appe>ance4 ,!re 0 ! same eag]ness to get a good place 9 ! lecture-room1 z ne> to ! lecture table z possible1 especially on ! *emi/ry nights4 ,i cont9u$ my regul> att5dance at ?is admirable in/itution f #ahba to #ahbf4 ,i am glad to f9d t x /ill cont9ues 9 active op]ation4 ,9 ,novemb] #ahhj ! numb] ( /ud5ts att5d+ ! ,ed9burgh ,s*ool ( ,arts am\nt$ to two ?\s& five hundr$6 ,i h be5 l$ to ?is prolix acc\nt ( ! beg9n+ ( ! in/itution by ! feel+ t ,i owe a deep debt ( gratitude to x1 & because ( ! in/ructive & intellectually enjoyable ev5+s :i* ,i sp5t !re1 9 fitt+ myself = ent]+ ^u ! practical "w ( my life4 ,! successful e/abli%m5t ( ! ,ed9burgh ,s*ool ( ,arts _h a consid]able effect ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,simil> in/itutions 7 e/abli%$1 lectures 7 deliv]$1 & ! necess>y illu/rations 7 acquir$--above all1 ! work+ models ( ! /eam-eng9e4 ,!re 0 q a run ^u me = supply+ !m4 ,my ?ird work+ model 0 made to ! ord] ( ,rob]t ,bald1 = ! purpose ( be+ pres5t$ to ! ,alloa ,me*anics' ,in/itute2 ! f\r? 0 manufactur$ = ,mr4 ,g4 ,bu*anan1 :o lectur$ on me*anical subjects ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry2 & ! fif? 0 suppli$ to a ,mr4 ,(fley1 an ,engli% g5tleman :o took a fancy = ! model :5 he came to pur*ase "s ( my fa!r's works4 ,! price ,i *>g$ = my models 0 #aj2 & ) ! pecuni>y results ,i made ov] "o-?ird to my fa!r1 z a sort ( help to remun]ate him = my keep1 & ) ! re/ ,i pur*as$ tickets ( admission to c]ta9 classes 9 ! ,univ]sity4 ,i att5d$ ! ,*emi/ry c\rse "u ,dr4 ,hope2 ! ,geometry & ,ma!matical c\rse "u ,pr(essor ,wallace2 & ! ,natural ,philosophy c\rse "u my valu$ fri5d & patron ,pr(essor ,leslie4 ,:at ) my att5dance ^u ! classes1 & my work%op & draw+ occupations1 my "t did n hang at all heavy on my h&s4 ,i got up e>ly 9 ! morn+s to "w at my fa!r's la!1 & ,i sat up late at night to d ! brass ca/+s 9 my b$room4 ,"s ( ?is1 h[ev]1 ,i did dur+ ! day-"t1 :5 n att5d+ ! ,univ]sity classes4 ,! way 9 :i* ,i conv]t$ my b$room into a brass f\ndry 0 z foll[s3 ,i took up ! c>pet s t !re might be no?+ b ! b>e bo>ds to be injur$ by ! heat4 ,my furnace 9 ! grate 0 made ( f\r plates ( /\t %eet-iron1 l9$ ) fire-brick1 corn] to corn]4 ,to get ! requisite %>p draught ,i brick$ up ) s+le bricks ! front ( ! fireplace1 leav+ a hole at ! back ( ! furnace = ! %ort pipe j to fit into4 ,! fuel 0 g5]ally gas coke & c9d]s sav$ f ! kit*54 ,! heat ,i rais$ 0 sup]b--a :ite heat1 suffici5t to melt 9 a crucible six or eight p\nds ( brass4 ,!n ,i _h a box ( m\ld+ s&1 :]e ! m\lds 7 g5tly ramm$ 9 ar\nd ! patt]n previ\s to ! ca/+4 ,b h[ did ,i get my brass8 ,all ! old brassworks 9 my fa!r's work%op draw]s & boxes 7 laid "u contribution4 ,?is brass be+ = ! mo/ "p s(t & yell[1 ,i made x extra h>d by ! addition ( a due proportion ( t94 ,x 0 !n capable ( reta9+ a f9e edge4 ,:5 ,i _h exhau/$ ! /ock ( old brass1 ,i _h to buy old copp]1 or new1 9 ! =m ( +ot or tile copp]1 & :5 melt$ ,i add$ to x "o-eigh? ( its weight ( pure t91 :i* yield$ ! /ronge/ alloy ( ! two metals4 ,:5 ca/ into any requir$ =m ?is 0 a treat to "w1 s s\nd & close 0 ! gra91 & s durable 9 resi/+ we> & te>4 ,?is is ! true bronze or gun metal4 ,:5 melt$1 ! liquid brass 0 let into ! op5+s1 until ! :ole ( ! m\lds 7 fill$4 ,aft] ! metal cool$ x 0 tak5 out2 & :5 ! room 0 sort$ up no "o c\ld h kn[n t my f\ndry op]ations _h be5 c>ri$ on 9 my b$room4 ,my brass f\ndry 0 "r ov] my fa!r's b$room4 ,he _h =bidd5 me to "w late at night1 z ,i did occasionally on ! sly4 ,sometimes :5 ,i ought to h be5 asleep ,i 0 detect$ by ! s\nd ( ! ramm+ 9 ( ! s& ( ! m\ld+ boxes4 ,on su* occasions my fa!r let me "k t ,i 0 disobey+ 8 ord]s by rapp+ on ! ceil+ ( 8 b$room ) a slight wood5 rod ( t5 feet t he kept = measur+ purposes4 ,b ,i got ov] t difficulty by plac+ a bit ( old c>pet "u my m\ld+ boxes z a non-conductor ( s\nd1 s t no ramm+ c\ld aft]w>ds be he>d4 ,my de> "m also 0 afraid t ,i %\ld damage my heal? by work+ s cont9u\sly4 ,%e w\ld come into ! workroom late 9 ! ev5+1 :5 ,i 0 work+ at ! la! or ! vice1 & say1 ,ye'll kill y]self1 laddie1 by work+ s h>d & s late4 ,yet %e took a great pride 9 see+ me s busy & s happy4 ,ne>ly ! :ole ( my /eam-eng9e models 7 made 9 my fa!r's workroom4 ,8 foot-la! & /ove1 toge!r ) my brass ca/+ arrangem5ts 9 my b$room1 answ]$ all my purposes 9 ! way ( model mak+4 ,b ,i _h at times to avail myself ( ! smi?y & f\ndry t my k9d & wor?y fri5d1 ,george ,d\glass1 _h e/abli%$ 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,he _h begun bus9ess z a jobb+ smi?1 b be+ a mo/ intellig5t & en]getic workman1 he %ot ahead & laid ! f\ndations ( a l>ge trade 9 /eam-eng9es4 ,:5 ,i _h any "p ( a job 9 h& t 0 beyond ! capabilities ( my fa!r's la!1 or my b$room ca/+ app>atus1 ,i imm$iately w5t to ,d\glass's smi?y1 :]e e opportunity 0 af=d$ me = c>ry+ on my l>g] class ( "w4 ,8 place 0 only ab\t five m9utes' walk f my fa!r's h\se4 ,i _h ! use ( 8 l>ge turn+-la!1 :i* 0 mu* m suitable = big or heavy "w ?an ! la! at home4 ,:5 any consid]able bit ( /eel or iron =g+ _h to be done1 a =ge fire & anvil 7 always plac$ at my s]vice4 ,9 mak+ my fly:eels = ! sectional models ( /eam-eng9es ,i _h a r neat & h&y way ( con/ruct+ !m4 ,! boss ( ! :eel ( brass 0 nicely bor$2 ! arm-holes 7 c>efully drill$ & tap$1 s z to all[ ! arms :i* ,i _h turn$ to be screw$ 9 & appe> l neat columns ( r\nd wr\ght iron or /eel screw$ into ! boss ( ! fly:eel4 ,9 return = ! great k9dness ( ,george ,d\glass 9 all[+ me to h ! use ( 8 f\ndry1 ,i resolv$ to pres5t him ) a specim5 ( my h&iwork4 ,i desir$ to try my p[]s 9 mak+ a m p[]ful /eam-eng9e ?an ,i _h z yet attempt$ to con/ruct1 9 ord] to drive ! l>ge turn+-la! & ! o!r tools & ma*9]y ( 8 small f\ndry4 ,i accord+ly set to "w & con/ruct$ a direct-act+1 high-pressure /eam-eng9e1 ) a cyl9d] f\r in*es 9 diamet]4 ,i use ! t]m direct act+1 because ,i disp5s$ ) ! beam & p>allel motion1 :i* 0 g5]ally consid]$ ! correct mode ( transf]r+ ! action ( ! pi/on to ! crank4 ,! result ( my lab\rs 0 a v effici5t /eam-eng9e1 :i* set all ! la!s & me*anical tools 9 brisk activity ( movem5t4 ,x _h su* an enliv5+ effect ^u ! workm5 t ,george ,d\glass aft]w>ds told me t ! busy hum ( ! :eels1 & ! active1 smoo?1 rhy?mic s\nd ( ! m]ry little eng9e _h1 ?r\gh "s sympa!tic ag5cy1 s quick5$ ! /roke ( e hamm]1 *isel1 & file 9 8 workm5's h&s1 t x ne>ly d\bl$ ! output ( "w = ! same wages6 ,! sympa?y ( activity act+ ^u ! workm5's h&s _c be bett] illu/rat$ ?an by a /ory told me by my fa!r4 ,a ma/] tailor 9 a c\ntry t[n employ$ a numb] ( workm54 ,!y _h be5 to see "s tragic melodrama p]=m$ by "s play]s 9 a boo? at ! fair4 ,a v sl[1 doleful1 b cat*+ air 0 play$1 :i* s laid hold ( ! tailors' fancy t = "s "t aft] !y 7 f\nd sl[ly :i/l+ or humm+ ! doleful ditty1 ! movem5t ( _! ne$les keep+ "t to x2 ! result 0 t ! clo?+ t %\ld h be5 s5t home on ,saturday 0 n f9i%$ until ! ,w$nesday foll[+4 ,! music _h done x6 ,! ma/] tailor1 be+ some?+ ( a philosoph]1 s5t 8 m5 to ! play aga92 b he arrang$ t !y %\ld be treat$ ) lively m]ry airs4 ,! result 0 t ! lively airs displac$ ! doleful ditty2 & ! tailors' ne$les aga9 rev]t$ to ev5 m ?an _! accu/om$ quickness4 ,h[ev] true ! /ory may be1 x t\*es an important pr9ciple 9 reg>d to ! /imulation ( activity by ! rapid movem5ts or s\nds ( ma*9]y1 :i* influ5ce e workman )9 _! sight or he>+4 ,we all "k ! influ5ce ( a quick m]ry air1 play$ by fife & drum1 ^u ! /ep & m>*+ ( a regim5t ( soldi]s4 ,x is ! same ) ! quick movem5ts ( a /eam-eng9e ^u ! activity ( workm54 ,i may add t my wor?y fri5d1 ,george ,d\glass1 d]iv$ o!r advantages f ! con/ruction ( my /eam-eng9e4 ,be+ ( an ent]pris+ disposition he add$ ano!r iron f\ndry to 8 small] %ops2 he obta9$ _m good eng9e]+ tools1 & 9 c\rse ( "t he began to make /eam-eng9es = agricultural purposes4 ,^! 7 us$ 9 lieu ( horse p[] = ?ra%+ corn1 & p]=m+ sev]al op]ations t us$ to be done by h& lab\r 9 ! f>my>ds4 ,ord]s came 9 rapidly1 & be=e long ! *imneys ( ,d\glass's /eam-eng9es 7 z famili> 9 ! c\ntry r\nd ,ed9burgh z corn /acks4 ,all ! l>ge f>ms1 especially 9 ,midlo?ian & ,ea/ ,lo?ian1 7 suppli$ ) 8 /eam-eng9es4 ,! bus9ess ( ,george ,d\glass became v l>ge2 & 9 c\rse ( "t he 0 enabl$ to retire ) a consid]able =tune4 ,9 addition to ! /eam-eng9e :i* ,i pres5t$ to ,d\glass1 ,i receiv$ an ord] to make ano!r f a manufactur] ( braid+4 ,8 ma*9es _h be=e be5 driv5 by h& lab\r2 b z 8 bus9ess ext5d$1 ! manufactur] employ$ me to furni% him ) all eng9e ( two-horse p[]1 :i* 0 duly con/ruct$ & set to "w1 & gave him ! highe/ satisfaction4 ,image ,james ,nasmy?'s ,expansomet]1 #ahbf4 ,i may "h m5tion t "o ( my e>lie/ attempts at orig9al contrivance 0 an ,expansomet]--an in/rum5t = measur+ 9 bulk all metals & solid sub/ances4 ,! object to be exp]im5t$ on 0 introduc$ into a tube ( brass1 ) z mu* wat] r\nd x z to fill ! tube4 ,! app>atus 0 !n plung$ into a vessel ( boil+ wat]1 or heat$ to boil+ po9t2 :5 ! total expansion ( ! b> 0 measur$ by a graduat$ scale1 z se5 9 ! annex$ engrav+4 ,by ?is simple means ! expansion ( any mat]ial might be asc]ta9$ "u v>i\s increm5ts ( heat1 say f #fj;deg to #bl#b;deg4 ,x 0 simply a !rmomet]1 ! mass m>k+ its own expansion4 ,dr4 ,brew/] 0 s mu* pleas$ ) ! app>atus t he describ$ x & figur$ x 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,philosophical ,j\rnal1 ( :i* he 0 !n editor4 ,image ,! road /eam-c>riage4 ,by ,james ,nasmy?4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahbg1 :5 ,i 0 n9ete5 ye>s old1 ! subject ( /eam c>riages to run ^u common roads occupi$ consid]able att5tion4 ,sev]al eng9e]s & me*anical s*em]s _h tri$ _! h&s1 b z yet no sub/antial results _h come ( _! attempts to solve ! problem4 ,l o!rs1 ,i tri$ my h&4 ,hav+ made a small work+ model ( a /eam-c>riage1 ,i exhibit$ x be=e ! memb]s ( ! ,scotti% ,society ( ,arts4 ,! p]=mance ( ?is active little ma*9e 0 s gratify+ to ! ,society t !y reque/$ me to con/ruct "o ( su* p[] z to enable f\r or six p]sons to be convey$ along ! ord9>y roads4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,society1 9 _! individual capacity1 subscrib$ #fj1 :i* !y plac$ 9 my h&s z ! means = c>ry+ out _! project4 ,i accord+ly set to "w at once4 ,i _h ! heavy p>ts ( ! eng9e & c>riage done at ,&]son's f\ndry at ,lei?4 ,!re 0 9 ,&]son's employm5t a mo/ able g5]al me*anic nam$ ,rob]t ,maclaughlan1 :o _h s]v$ 8 "t at ,c>mi*aels' ( ,dundee4 ,&]son possess$ "s excell5t tools1 :i* enabl$ me to proce$ rapidly ) ! "w4 ,besides1 he 0 mo/ fri5dly1 & took mu* delight 9 be+ conc]n$ 9 my ent]prise4 ,?is big job 0 execut$ 9 ab\t f\r mon?s4 ,! /eam-c>riage 0 complet$ & exhibit$ be=e ! memb]s ( ! ,society ( ,arts4 ,_m successful trials 7 made ) x on ! que5sf]ry ,road1 ne> ,ed9burgh4 ,! runs 7 g5]ally ( f\r or five miles1 ) a load ( eight pass5g]s sitt+ on b5*es ab\t ?ree feet f ! gr\nd4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 cont9u$ = ne>ly ?ree mon?s1 to ! great satisfaction ( ! memb]s4 ,i may m5tion t 9 my /eam-c>riage ,i employ$ ! wa/e /eam to create a bla/ or draught by dis*>g+ x into ! %ort *imney ( ! boil] at its l[e/ "p1 & f\nd x mo/ effective4 ,i 0 n at t "t aw>e t ,george ,/eph5son & o!rs _h adopt$ ! same me?od2 b x 0 aft]w>ds gratify+ to me to f9d t ,i _h be5 correct z reg>ds ! important uses ( ! /eam bla/ 9 ! *imney4 ,9 fact1 x is to ?is use ( ! wa/e /eam t we owe ! practical success ( ! locomotive-eng9e z a tractive p[] on railways1 especially at high spe$s4 ,! ,society ( ,arts did n atta* any comm]cial value to my /eam road-c>riage4 ,x 0 m]ely z a matt] ( exp]im5t t !y _h invit$ me to con/ruct x4 ,:5 x prov$ successful !y made me a pres5t ( ! entire app>atus4 ,z ,i 0 anxi\s to get on ) my /udies1 & to prep>e = ! "w ( practical eng9e]+1 ,i proce$$ no fur!r4 ,i broke up ! /eam-c>riage & sold ! two small high-pressure eng9es1 provid$ ) a compact & /rong boil]1 = #fg1 a sum :i* m ?an defray$ all ! exp5ses ( ! con/ruction & work+ ( ! ma*9e4 ,i /ill cont9u$ to make inve/igations z to ! p[]s & capabilities ( ! /eam-eng9e4 ,!re 7 num]\s brew]ies1 di/ill]ies1 & o!r e/abli%m5ts1 ne> ,ed9burgh1 :]e su* eng9es 7 at "w4 ,z !y 7 made by diff]5t eng9e]s1 ,i 0 desir\s ( see+ !m & mak+ sket*es ( !m1 especially :5 !re 0 any special peculi>ity 9 _! con/ruction4 ,i f\nd ?is a mo/ fav\rite & in/ructive occupation4 ,! eng9e t5t]s became v fri5dly ) me1 & !y we re always glad to see me int]e/$ 9 !m & _! eng9es4 ,!y 7 especially delight$ to see me make drafts1 z !y call$ my sket*es1 ( ! eng9es "u _! *>ge4 ,my fa!r sometimes fe>$ t my too close & zeal\s application to eng9e]+ "w might h a bad effect ^u my heal?4 ,my b$room "w at brass ca/+1 my f\ndry "w at ! mak+ ( /eam-eng9es1 & my /udies at ! ,univ]sity classes1 7 p]haps too mu* = a lad ( my age1 j :5 ,i 0 9 ! hobbl$ehoy /ate--betwe5 a boy & a man4 ,:e!r 8 appreh5sions 7 w>rant$ or n1 x did s happ5 t ,i 0 attack$ ) typhus fev] 9 #ahbh1 a disease t 0 !n preval5t 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,i _h a n>r[ escape f its fatal influ5ce4 ,b ?anks to my good con/itution1 & to c>eful nurs+1 ,i succe$$ 9 ?r[+ (f ! fev]1 & aft] due "t recov]$ my usual heal? & /r5g?4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my inspection ( ! eng9es made by diff]5t mak]s1 ,i 0 impress$ ) ! sup]iority ( ^? made by ! ,c>mi*aels ( ,dundee4 ,!y 7 excell5t bo? 9 design & 9 execution4 ,i aft]w>ds f\nd t ! ,c>mi*aels 7 among ! fir/ ( ! ,scotti% eng9e mak]s :o gave due att5tion to ! employm5t ( improv$ me*anical tools1 ) ! object ( produc+ accurate "w ) great] ease1 rapidity1 & economy1 ?an c\ld possibly be effect$ by ! h& lab\r ( ev5 ! mo/ skilful workm54 ,i 0 told t ! cause ( ! excell5ce ( ! ,c>mi*aels' "w 0 n only 9 ! ability ( ! heads ( ! firm1 b 9 _! employm5t ( ! be/ eng9e]s' tools4 ,"s ( _! lead+ m5 _h work$ at ,maudslay's ma*9e %op 9 ,london1 ! fame ( :i* _h already rea*$ ,dundee2 & ,maudslay's sy/em ( employ+ ma*9e tools _h be5 import$ into ! nor!rn /eam factory4 ,i _h on _m occasions1 :5 visit+ ! works :]e /eam-eng9es 7 employ$1 he>d ( ! "n & fame ( ,maudslay4 ,i 0 told t 8 works 7 ! v c5tre & climax ( all t 0 excell5t 9 me*anical workman%ip4 ,^! reports built up 9 my m9d1 at ?is e>ly p]iod ( my aspirations1 an e>ne/ & hopeful desire t ,i might "s day get a sight ( ,maudslay's celebrat$ works 9 ,london4 ,9 c\rse ( "t x develop$ into a passion4 ,i w n[ proce$ to %[ h[ my inmo/ desires 7 satisfi$4 ,,*apt] #g4 ,h5ry ,maudslay1 ,london ,! *ief object ( my ambition 0 n[ to be tak5 on at ,h5ry ,maudslay's works 9 ,london4 ,i _h he>d s mu* ( 8 eng9e]+ "w1 ( 8 assortm5t ( ma*9e-mak+ tools1 & ( ! admirable organisation ( 8 manufactory1 t ,i long$ to obta9 employm5t !re4 ,i 0 will+ to lab\r1 9 h[ev] humble a capacity1 9 t f>-fam$ work%op4 ,i 0 aw>e t my fa!r _h n ! means ( pay+ ! l>ge premium requir$ = plac+ me z an appr5tice at ,maudslay's works4 ,i 0 also in=m$ t ,maudslay _h ceas$ to take pupils4 ,aft] exp]i5ce1 he f\nd t ! premium appr5tices caus$ him mu* annoyance & irritation4 ,!y came 9 gloves2 _! att5dance 0 irregul>2 !y spread a bad example among/ ! regul> appr5tices & workm52 & on ! :ole !y 7 f\nd to be v di/urb+ elem5ts 9 ! "w ( ! factory4 ,x !re=e occurr$ to me t1 by %[+ "s specim5s ( my "w & draw+s1 ,i might be able to satisfy ,mr4 ,maudslay t ,i 0 n an amateur1 b a regul> work+ eng9e]4 ,) ?is object ,i set to "w1 & made ) special c>e a mo/ complete work+ model ( a high-pressure eng9e4 ,! cyl9d] 0 #b in*es diamet]1 & ! /roke #f in*es4 ,e "p ( ! eng9e1 includ+ ! patt]ns1 ! ca/+s1 ! =g+s1 7 ! results ( my own individual h&iwork4 ,i turn$ out ?is sample ( my ability z an eng9e] workman 9 su* a /yle z ev5 n[ ,i %\ld be pr\d to own4 ,9 l mann] ,i execut$ sev]al specim5s ( my ability z a me*anical draughtsman2 = ,i knew t ,maudslay w\ld ?or\ghly und]/& my ability to "w aft] a plan4 ,me*anical draw+ is ! alphabet ( ! eng9e]4 ,)\t ?is ! workman is m]ely a h&4 ,) x he indicates ! possession ( a head ,i also made "s samples ( my skill 9 h&-sket*+ ( ma*9es1 & p>ts ( ma*9es1 9 p]spective--t is1 z su* objects really appe> :5 set be=e u 9 _! natural aspect4 ,i 0 ! m desir\s ( exhibit+ ! ability :i* ,i possess$ 9 me*anical draughtsman%ip1 z ,i knew x to be a some:at r>e & mu*-valu$ acquirem5t4 ,x 0 a bran* ( del9eative art t my fa!r _h c>efully taught me4 ,?r\gh\t my pr(essional life ,i h f\nd ?is art to be ( ! utmo/ practical value4 ,hav+ ?us provid$ myself ) su* visible & tangible evid5ces ( my capabilities z a "y eng9e]1 ,i c>efully pack$ up my work+ model & draw+s1 & prep>$ to />t = ,london4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,may #ahbi1 accompani$ by my fa!r1 ,i set sail by ! ,lei? smack ,ed9burgh ,ca/le1 ,capta9 ,orr1 ma/]4 ,aft] a pleasant voyage ( f\r days we rea*$ ! m\? ( ! ,?ames4 ,we sail$ up f ! ,nore on ,saturday aft]noon1 lift$ up1 z x 71 by ! tide1 = x 0 almo/ a dead calm ! :ole way4 ,! sight ( ! banks ( ! fam\s riv]1 ) ! ,k5t or*>ds 9 full blossom1 & ! frequ5t passages ( /eam]s ) b&s ( music & _! decks cr[d$ ) pleasure-seek]s1 toge!r ) ! sight ( numb]s ( noble m]*ant %ips 9 ! riv]1 =m$ a mo/ glori\s & excit+ sc5e4 ,x 0 also enhanc$ by ! ?\ght t ,i 0 ne>+ ! great metropolis1 ar\nd :i* s _m bright b anxi\s hopes 7 c5tr$1 z ! sc5e ( my fir/ important /ep into ! anxi\s bus9ess ( life1 ,! tide1 :i* _h c>ri$ u up ! riv] z f> z ,woolwi* sudd5ly turn$2 & we rema9$ !re dur+ ! night4 ,e>ly next morn+ ! tide rose1 & we sail$ away aga94 ,x 0 a bright mild morn+4 ,! sun came danc+ up ! ea/ z we float$ pa/ :>fs & woody>ds & old h\ses on ! banks1 pa/ :]ries & coal boats & m]*ant %ips on ! riv]1 until we rea*$ our de/9ation at ! ,irongate ,:>f1 ne> ! ,t[] ( ,london4 ,i he>d ,/4 ,paul's clock /rike six j z we rea*$ our moor+ gr\nd4 ,capta9 ,orr 0 k9d en\gh to all[ u to make ! %ip our hotel dur+ ! ,sunday1 z x 0 by no means conv5i5t = u to remove our luggage on t day4 ,my fa!r took me a%ore & we walk$ to ,reg5t's ,p>k4 ,"o ( my si/]s1 :o 0 visit+ a fri5d 9 ,london1 0 resid+ 9 t neighb\rhood4 ,my fa!r s plann$ 8 r\te z to include _m ( ! mo/ rem>kable /reets & build+s & sights ( ,london4 ,he po9t$ out ! pr9cipal objects1 & gave me mu* in=mation ab\t _! orig9 & hi/ory4 ,i 0 mu* /ruck ) ! beautiful fre%ness & luxuriant gr[? ( ! trees & %rubs 9 ! squ>es2 = spr+ 0 !n 9 its fir/ beauty4 ,! lovel9ess ( ,reg5t's ,p>k surpris$ me4 ,! ext5t ( ! space1 ! brilliancy ( ! fre%-leav$ trees1 & ! h&some build+s by :i* ! p>k 0 surr\nd$1 made x seem to me m spl5did ?an a picture f ! ,arabian ,nights4 ,"u ! happy aspect ( a brilliant ,may =5oon1 ?is fir/ long walk ?r\gh ,london1 ) all its happy att5dant circum/ances1 r5d]$ x "o ( ! mo/ vividly rememb]$ incid5ts 9 my life4 ,aft] visit+ my si/] & giv+ h] all ! details ( ! la/ news f home1 %e jo9$ u 9 our walk d[n to ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,! fir/ view ( ! int]ior /&s out 9 my memory z "o ( ! mo/ impressive sights ,i ev] beheld4 ,i _h be=e read1 ov] & ov] aga91 ! beautiful description ( ! ,abbey giv5 by ,wa%+ton ,irv+ 9 ! ,sket* ,book1 "o ( ! mo/ ma/]ly pieces ( writ+ t ,i "k ( ,i n[ f\nd "o ( my day-dreams realis$4 ,we next proce$$ ov] ,we/m9/] ,bridge to call ^u my bro!r ,patrick4 ,we f\nd him surr\nd$ by pa9t+s f 8 beautiful sket*es f ,nature4 ,"s ( !m 7 m or less advanc$ 9 ! =m ( exquisite pictures1 :i* n[ hang on _m walls1 & w long commemorate 8 arti/ic life4 ,we clos$ ?is ev] memorable day by d9+ at a tav]n at ! ,surrey end ( ,wat]loo ,bridge4 ,we sat at an upp] w9d[ :i* comm&$ a long /ret* ( ! riv]1 & f :i* we c\ld see ! _m rem>kable build+s1 f ,/4 ,paul's to ,we/m9/] ,abbey & ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 :i* lay on ! o!r side ( ! ,?ames4 ,on ! foll[+ day my fa!r & ,i set out 9 se>* ( lodg+s1 hotels be+ at t "t beyond our economical me?od ( liv+4 ,we succe$$ 9 secur+ a tidy lodg+ at ,no4 #ad ,agues ,place1 ,wat]loo ,road4 ,! locality _h a special attraction = me1 z x 0 n f> f t focus ( int]e/--,maudslay's factory4 ,our luggage 0 remov$ f ! %ip to ! lodg+s1 & my pond]\s cases1 conta9+ ! examples ( my skill z an eng9e] workman1 7 deposit$ 9 a c>p5t]'s work%op close at h&4 ,i 0 n[ anxi\s = ! int]view ) ,maudslay4 ,my fa!r _h be5 introduc$ to him by a mutual fri5d "s two or ?ree ye>s be=e1 & t 0 en\gh4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,may ! #bf? we set out toge!r1 & rea*$ 8 h\se 9 ,we/m9/] ,road1 ,lambe?4 ,x adjo9$ 8 factory4 ,my fa!r knock$ at ! door4 ,my own he>t beat fa/4 ,w\ld he be at home8 ,w\ld he receive u8 ,yes6 he 0 at home2 & we 7 invit$ to ent]4 ,mr4 ,maudslay receiv$ u 9 ! mo/ k9d & frank mann]4 ,aft] a little conv]sation my fa!r expla9$ ! object ( 8 visit4 ,my son1 he said1 po9t+ to me1 is v anxi\s to h ! opportunity ( acquir+ a ?or\gh practical k ( me*anical eng9e]+1 by s]v+ z an appr5tice 9 "s su* e/abli%m5t z y\rs ,well1 repli$ ,maudslay1 ,i mu/ frankly confess to y t my exp]i5ce ( pupil appr5tices has be5 s unsatisfactory t my p>tn] & myself h det]m9$ to discont9ue to receive !m--no matt] at :at premium4 ,?is 0 a v pa9ful bl[ to myself2 = x seem$ to put an end to my sangu9e expectations4 ,mr4 ,maudslay knew t my fa!r 0 int]e/$ 9 all matt]s relat+ to me*anical eng9e]+1 & he c\rte\sly invit$ him to g r\nd ! works4 ,( c\rse ,i accompani$ !m4 ,! sight ( ! work%ops a/oni%$ me4 ,!y excell$ all t ,i _h anticipat$4 ,! beautiful ma*9e tools1 ! sil5t smoo? :irl ( ! ma*9]y1 ! active movem5ts ( ! m51 ! excell5t quality ( ! "w 9 progress1 & ! admirable ord] & managem5t t p]vad$ ! :ole e/abli%m5t1 r5d]$ me m trembl+ly anxi\s ?an ev] to obta9 "s employm5t !re1 9 h[ev] humble a capacity4 ,mr4 ,maudslay obs]v$ ! e>ne/ int]e/ :i* ,i & my fa!r took 9 ev]y?+ go+ on1 & expla9$ ! movem5ts ( ! ma*9]y & ! rationale ( ! proce$+s 9 ! mo/ lively & k9dly mann]4 ,x 0 :ile we 7 pass+ f "o "p ( ! factory to ano!r t ,i obs]v$ ! beautiful /eam-eng9e :i* gave motion to ! tools & ma*9]y ( ! work%ops4 ,! man :o att5d$ x 0 engag$ 9 clean+ out ! a%es f "u ! boil] furnace1 9 ord] to :eel !m away to _! place outside4 ,on ! spur ( ! mom5t ,i said to ,mr4 ,maudslay1 ,if y w\ld only p]mit me to d su* a job z t 9 y\r s]vice1 ,i %\ld consid] myself mo/ =tunate6 ,i %all nev] =get ! ke5 b k9dly look t he gave me4 ,s 1 said he1 y are "o ( t sort1 are y8 ,i 0 inw>dly delight$ at 8 words4 ,:5 our r\nd ( ! works 0 conclud$1 ,i v5tur$ to say to ,mr4 ,maudslay t ,i _h br\ght up ) me f ,ed9burgh "s work+ models ( /eam-eng9es & me*anical draw+s1 & ,i %\ld feel truly oblig$ if he w\ld all[ me to %[ !m to him8 ,by all means1 said he2 br+ !m to me tomorr[ at twelve o'clock4 ,i ne$ n say h[ mu* pleas$ ,i 0 at ?is p]mission to exhibit my h&iwork1 & h[ anxi\s ,i felt z to ! result ( ,mr4 ,maudslay's inspection ( x4 ,i c>efully unpack$ my work+ model ( ! /eam-eng9e at ! c>p5t]'s %op1 & _h x convey$1 toge!r ) my draw+s1 on a h&-c>t to ,mr4 ,maudslay's next morn+ at ! appo9t$ h\r4 ,i 0 all[$ to place my "w = 8 inspection 9 a room next 8 (fice & c\nt+-h\se4 ,i !n call$ at 8 resid5ce close by1 :]e he k9dly receiv$ me 9 8 libr>y4 ,he ask$ me to wait until he & 8 p>tn]1 ,jo%ua ,field1 _h inspect$ my h&iwork4 ,i wait$ anxi\sly4 ,tw5ty long m9utes pass$4 ,at la/ he ent]$ ! room1 & f a lively expression 9 8 c\nt5ance ,i obs]v$ 9 a mom5t t ! great object ( my long *]i%$ ambition _h be5 atta9$6 ,he express$1 9 good r\nd t]ms1 8 satisfaction at my practical ability z a workman eng9e] & me*anical draughtsman4 ,!n1 op5+ ! door :i* l$ f 8 libr>y into 8 beautiful private work%op1 he said1 ,?is is :]e ,i wi% y to "w1 beside me1 z my assi/ant workman4 ,f :at ,i h se5 !re is no ne$ ( an appr5tice%ip 9 y\r case4 ,he !n proce$$ to %[ me ! collection ( exquisite tools ( all sorts ) :i* 8 private work%op 0 /or$4 ,!y mo/ly bore ! impress ( 8 own cle>head$ness & common-s5se4 ,!y 7 v simple1 & q free f m]e traditional =ms & arrangem5ts4 ,at ! same "t !y 7 p]fect = ! special purposes = :i* !y _h be5 design$4 ,! work%op 0 surr\nd$ ) cab9ets & draw]s1 fill$ ) evid5ces ( ! ma/]'s skill & indu/ry4 ,e tool _h a purpose4 ,x _h be5 inv5t$ = "s special reason4 ,sometimes x /ruck ! keynote1 z x 71 to _m ( ! important contrivances :i* enable man to obta9 a complete ma/]y ov] mat]ials4 ,!re 7 also hung ^u ! walls1 or plac$ ^u %elves1 _m treasur$ relics ( ! fir/ embodim5ts ( 8 con/ructive g5ius4 ,!re 7 _m models expla9+1 /ep by /ep1 ! gradual progress ( 8 teem+ inv5tions & contrivances4 ,! work%op 0 ?us q a hi/orical museum ( me*anism4 ,x exhibit$ 8 *>act]i/ic qualities 9 con/ruction4 ,i aft]w>ds f\nd out t _m ( ! contrivances pres]v$ 9 8 private work%op 7 treasur$ z sugge/ive ( "s int]e/+ e>ly passage 9 8 useful & active life4 ,!y 7 kept z relics ( 8 progress t[>ds me*anical p]fection4 ,:5 he br\ght !m out f "t to "t1 to s]ve = ! execution ( "s job 9 h&1 he 0 sure to dilate ^u ! occasion t l$ to _! production1 z well z ^u ! happy results :i* _h foll[$ _! g5]al employm5t 9 me*anical eng9e]+4 ,x 0 "o ( 8 fav\rite maxims1 ,fir/1 get a cle> notion ( :at y desire to accompli%1 & !n 9 all probability y w succe$ 9 do+ x4 ,ano!r 0 ,keep a %>p look-out ^u y\r mat]ials2 get rid ( e p\nd ( mat]ial y c d )\t2 put to y\rself ! "q1 ',:at bus9ess has x to be !re8 avoid complexities1 & make ev]y?+ z simple z possible4 ,mr4 ,maudslay 0 full ( qua9t maxims & rem>ks1 ! result ( mu* %rewdness1 ke5 obs]vation1 & great exp]i5ce4 ,!y 7 well wor?y ( be+ /or$ up 9 ! m9d1 l a set ( prov]bs1 full ( ! life & exp]i5ce ( m54 ,8 ?\ghts became compress$ into pi?y expressions exhibit+ 8 =ce ( "* & intellect4 ,8 qua9t rem>ks on my fir/ visit to 8 work%op1 & on subsequ5t occasions1 prov$ to me invaluable guides to "r ?9k+ 9 reg>d to all matt]s connect$ ) me*anical /ructure4 ,mr4 ,maudslay seem$ at once to take me into 8 confid5ce4 ,he treat$ me 9 ! mo/ k9dly mann]--n z a workman or an appr5tice1 b z a fri5d4 ,i 0 an anxi\s li/5] to ev]y?+ t he said2 & x gave him pleasure to obs]ve t ,i und]/ood & valu$ 8 conv]sation4 ,! greate/ treat ( all 0 9 /ore = me4 ,he %[$ me 8 exquisite collection ( taps & dies & screw-tackle1 :i* he _h made ) ! utmo/ c>e = 8 own s]vice4 ,!y re/$ 9 a succession ( draw]s ne> to ! b5* :]e he work$4 ,!re 0 a place = e "o1 & e "o 0 9 its place4 ,!re 0 a look ( tid9ess ab\t ! collection :i* 0 v *>act]i/ic ( ! man4 ,ord] 0 "o ( ! rules :i* he rigidly obs]v$1 & he endeav\r$ to en=ce x ^u all :o 7 9 8 employm5t4 ,he proce$$ to dilate ^u ! importance ( ! uni=mity ( screws4 ,"s may call x an improvem5t1 b x might almo/ be call$ a revolution 9 me*anical eng9e]+ :i* ,mr4 ,maudslay introduc$4 ,be=e 8 "t no sy/em _h be5 foll[$ 9 proportion+ ! numb] ( ?reads ( screws to _! diamet]4 ,e bolt & nut 0 ?us a speciality 9 itself1 & nei!r possess$ nor admitt$ ( any community ) its neighb\rs4 ,to su* an ext5t _h ?is practice be5 c>ri$ t all bolts & _! correspond+ nuts _h to be specially m>k$ z belong+ to ea* o!r4 ,any int]mixture t occurr$ betwe5 !m l$ to endless tr\ble & exp5se1 z well z ineffici5cy & confusion1--especially :5 p>ts ( complex ma*9es _h to be tak5 to pieces = repairs4 ,none b ^? :o liv$ 9 ! comp>atively e>ly days ( ma*9e manufacture c =m an adequate idea ( ! annoyance1 delay1 & co/ ( ?is utt] want ( sy/em1 or c appreciate ! va/ s]vices r5d]$ to me*anical eng9e]+ by ,mr4 ,maudslay1 :o 0 ! fir/ to introduce ! practical measures necess>y = its rem$y4 ,9 8 sy/em ( screw-cutt+ ma*9]y1 & 9 8 taps & dies1 & screw-tackle g5]ally1 he set ! example1 & 9 fact laid ! f\ndation1 ( all t has s9ce be5 done 9 ?is mo/ ess5tial bran* ( ma*9e con/ruction4 ,^? :o h _h ! good =tune to "w "u him1 & h exp]i5c$ ! b5efits ( 8 practice1 h eag]ly & ably foll[$ him2 & ?us 8 admirable sy/em has become e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! entire me*anical _w4 ,mr4 ,maudslay kept me ) him = ab\t ?ree h\rs1 initiat+ me into 8 sy/em4 ,x 0 ) ! greate/ delight t ,i li/5$ to 8 wise in/ruction4 ,! sight ( 8 excell5t tools1 :i* he %[$ me "o by "o1 fill$ me ) an almo/ pa9ful feel+ ( e>ne/ hope t ,i might be able 9 any degree to practically express h[ ?ankful ,i 0 to be admitt$ to s invaluable a privilege z to be 9 close communication ) ?is great ma/] 9 all t 0 mo/ p]fect 9 practical me*anics4 ,:5 he conclud$ 8 exposition1 he told me 9 ! mo/ k9dly mann] t x w\ld be well = me to take advantage ( my fa!r's pres5ce 9 ,london to obta9 "s g5]al k ( ! metropolis1 to see ! mo/ rem>kable build+s1 & to obta9 an introduction to "s ( my fa!r's fri5ds4 ,he gave me a week = ?is purpose1 & said he %\ld be glad to see me at 8 work%op on ! foll[+ ,monday week4 ,x s+ul>ly happ5$ t on ! fir/ day my fa!r w5t out ) me1 he enc\nt]$ an old fri5d4 ,he _h fir/ kn[n him at ,mr4 ,mill]'s ( ,dalsw9ton1 :5 ! fir/ /eamboat 0 tri$1 & aft]w>ds at ,ed9burgh :ile he 0 walk+ ! c\rts z an advocate1 or writ+ articles = ! ,ed9burgh ,review4 ,?is 0 no o!r ?an ,h5ry ,br\gham4 ,he 0 desc5d+ ! /eps lead+ into ,/4 ,james's ,p>k1 f ! place :]e ! ,duke ( ,york's monum5t n[ /&s4 ,br\gham imm$iately recognis$ my fa!r4 ,!re 0 a he>ty %ak+ ( h&s1 & _m inquiries on ei!r side4 ,& :at br+s y to ,london n[8 ask$ ,br\gham4 ,my fa!r told him t x 0 ab\t 8 son "h1 :o _h obta9$ an important position at ,maudslay's ! eng9e]4 ,if ,i c d any?+ = y1 said ,br\gham1 address+ me1 let me "k4 ,x w af=d me mu* pleasure to give y introductions to m5 ( sci5ce 9 ,london4 ,i v5tur$ to say t ,( all ! m5 ( sci5ce 9 ,london t ,i mo/ wi%$ to see1 0 ,mr4 ,f>aday ( ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,well1 said ,br\gham1 ,i w s5d y a lett] ( introduction4 ,we !n p>t$4 ,my fa!r avail$ himself ( ! opportunity ( introduc+ me to sev]al ( 8 bro!r arti/s4 ,we fir/ w5t to ! h\se ( ,david ,wilkie1 9 ,*ur* ,/reet1 ,k5s+ton4 ,we f\nd him at home1 & he receiv$ u mo/ k9dly4 ,we next visit$ ,cl>kson ,/anfield1 ,david ,rob]ts1 & "s o!r arti/s4 ,!y 7 mu* atta*$ to my fa!r1 & _h1 9 ! e>ly "p ( _! c>e]1 receiv$ mu* k9dness f him :ile liv+ 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,!y all express$ ! desire t ,i %\ld visit !m frequ5tly4 ,i _h ?us ! privilege ( entree to a numb] ( pleasant & happy homes1 & my visits to !m :ile 9 ,london 0 "o ( my pr9cipal s\rces ( enjoym5t4 ,on return+ home to our lodg+s t ev5+ we f\nd a note f ,br\gham1 enclos+ lett]s ( introduction to ,f>aday & o!r sci5tific m52 & /at+ t if at any "t he c\ld be ( s]vice to me he hop$ t ,i w\ld at once make use ( him4 ,my fa!r 0 truly gratifi$ ) ! sub/antial evid5ce ( ,br\gham's k9dly remembrance ( him2 & ,i8 h[ c\ld ,i be grateful en\gh8 n only = my fa!r's nev]-fail+ att5tion to my gr[? 9 k & wisdom1 b to 8 ev]-will+ read9ess to help me onw>d 9 ! pa? ( sci5tific work+ & me*anical eng9e]+4 ,& n[ ,i 0 =tunate 9 ano!r respect1 9 be+ admitt$ to ! s*ool1 & ,i may say ! fri5d%ip1 ( ! admirable ,h5ry ,maudslay4 ,ev]y?+ n[ dep5d$ ^u myself1 & :e!r ,i 0 wor?y ( all ^! advantages or n4 ,"o ( ! days ( ?is mo/ int]e/+ & memorable week 0 devot$ to accompany+ ,mr4 ,maudslay 9 a visit to ,som]set ,h\se4 ,9 ! ,admiralty ,museum1 !n occupy+ a portion ( ! build+1 0 a complete set ( ! work+ models ( ! celebrat$ block-mak+ ma*9]y4 ,mo/ ( ^! 7 ! result ( ,maudslay's own skilful h&iwork4 ,he also design$1 = ! mo/ "p1 ?is wond]ful & complete s]ies ( ma*9es4 ,sir ,samuel ,b5?am & ,mr4 ,brunel _h giv5 ! idea1 & ,maudslay realis$ x 9 all its me*anical details4 ,^! work+ models conta9$ ! prototypes ( ne>ly all ! mod]n eng9e] tools :i* h giv5 u s complete ma/]y ov] mat]ials1 & done s mu* = ! age we live 94 ,x add$ no little to ! enjoym5t ( ?is visit to he> ,mr4 ,maudslay n>rate1 9 8 qua9t & graphic language1 ! difficulties he _h to enc\nt] 9 solv+ s _m me*anical problems4 ,x occupi$ him ne>ly six ye>s to design & complete ^! work+ models4 ,!y 7 =ty-f\r 9 numb]--all ma/]ly pieces ( workman%ip4 ,to describe !m 0 to him l liv+ ov] aga9 ! mo/ int]e/+ & ev5tful "p ( 8 life4 ,& no d\bt ! exp]i5ce :i* he _h ?us obta9$ =m$ ! f\ndation ( 8 eng9e]+ =tunes4 ,mr4 ,maudslay next conduct$ u to ! ,royal ,m9t on ,t[] ,hill4 ,"h we saw _m ( 8 admirable ma*9es at "w4 ,he _h a happy knack1 9 8 contrivances & inv5tions1 ( mak+ %ort cuts to ! object 9 view4 ,he avoid$ complexities1 did away ) r\ndab\t processes1 h[ev] +5i\s1 & w5t direct to 8 po9t4 ,simplicity 0 8 maxim 9 e me*anical contrivance4 ,8 ma/]m9d enabl$ him to see ?r\gh & atta9 ! end he s\ght by ! simple/ possible means4 ,! reputation :i* he _h acquir$ by 8 m9t+ ma*9]y enabl$ him to supply x 9 its improv$ =m to ! pr9cipal ,gov]nm5ts ( ! _w4 ,"s ( ! o!r days ( ! week 7 occupi$ by my fa!r 9 att5d+ to 8 own pr(essional affairs1 m p>ticul>ly 9 connection ) ! ,e>l ( ,cassilis--^: noble mansion 9 ,london1 & ^: ca/le at ,colzean1 on ! coa/ ( ,ayr%ire1 conta9 "s ( my fa!r's f9e/ works4 ,! la/ day 0 mo/ enjoyable4 ,mr4 ,maudslay invit$ my fa!r1 my bro!r ,patrick1 & myself1 to accompany him 9 8 beautiful small /eam ya*t1 ! ,endeav\r1 f ,we/m9/] to ,ri*mond ,bridge1 & aft]w>ds to d9e ) him at ! ,/> & ,g>t]4 ,i mu/ fir/1 h[ev]1 say some?+ ( ! orig9 ( ! ,endeav\r4 ,mr4 ,maudslay's son1 ,joseph1 inh]it$ mu* ( 8 fa!r's con/ructive g5ius4 ,he _h made a beautiful arrangem5t ( ,william ,murdo*'s orig9al inv5tion ( ! vibrat+ cyl9d] /eam-eng9e1 & adapt$ x = ! work+ ( paddle-:eel /eam]s4 ,he fir/ tri$ ! action ( ! arrangem5t 9 a l>ge work+ model1 & its use 0 f\nd to be 9 e respect satisfactory4 ,mr4 ,maudslay resolv$ to give 8 son's design a full-siz$ trial4 ,he _h a comb9$ pair ( vibrat+ eng9es con/ruct$1 ( upw>ds ( #bj horse-p[]1 :i* 7 plac$ 9 a beautiful small /eam vessel1 appropriately nam$ ! ,endeav\r4 ,! result 0 p]fectly successful4 ,! /eam] became a univ]sal fav\rite4 ,x 0 us$ to convey pass5g]s & pleasure p>ties f ,blackfri>s ,bridge to ,ri*mond4 ,ev5tually x became ! pione] ( a va/ prog5y ( vessels propell$ by simil> eng9es1 :i* /ill cr[d ! ,?ames4 ,all ^! are ! legitimate desc5dants ( ! bright & active little ,endeav\r4 ,to return to my trip to ,ri*mond4 ,we got on bo>d ! boat on ! =5oon ( ,may ! #bi?4 ,x 0 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful days ( ! ye>4 ,! spr+ 0 at its lovelie/4 ,! bright fre% gre5 ( ! trees 0 delightful4 ,i %all nev] =get ! pleasure ) :i* ,i beheld1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! beautiful banks ( ! ,?ames4 ,!re 0 at t "t a noble av5ue ( elm trees ext5d+ along ! s\!rn bank ( ! riv]1 f ,we/m9/] ,bridge to ,lambe? ,palace2 :ile1 on ! nor!rn side1 _m equally f9e trees add$ picturesque grace to ! !n ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 :ile beh9d !m 7 se5 ! great ro( ( ,we/m9/] ,hall & ! noble t[]s ( ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,z we sp$ along we admir$ ! anci5t c$>s1 :i* gave dignity to ! ,bi%op's gr\nds1 on ! "o side1 & ! elms1 laburnums1 & lilacs1 !n 9 full bloom1 :i* p>tially %ad$ ! qua9t old mansions ( ,*eyne ,r[1 on ! o!r4 ,alas6 ! m>* ( improvem5t & ! inevitable ext5sion ( ! metropolis is rapidly de/roy+ ^! ve/iges ( ! old5 "t4 ,! beautiful views t came into sight1 z we glid$ up ! riv]1 kept my fa!r & my bro!r 9 a /ate ( con/ant excitem5t4 ,!re 7 s _m truly picturesque & pa9table objects4 ,patrick's deft p5cil 0 con/antly at "w1 tak+ graphic notes ( glori\s bits ,dilapidat$ f>m-build+s1 old w9dmills1 poll>d$ will[s1 7 rapidly not$1 to be aft]w>ds revisit$ & made immortal by 8 bru%4 ,!re 7 also ! f9e mansions & cosy villas1 p>tially %r\d$ by glori\s trees1 ) _! bright velvety lawns slop+ d[n t[>ds ! riv]2 n =gett+ ! delicate /reams ( ?9 blue smoke ris+ lazily ?r\gh ! trees 9 ! tranquil summ] air1 & rem9d+ "o ( ! hospitable prep>ations !n 9 progress4 ,we l&$ at ,ri*mond ,bridge1 & walk$ up pa/ ! qua9t old-fa%ion$ mansions :i* gave s di/9ct a "* to ,ri*mond at t "t4 ,we !n pass$ on to ! celebrat$ ,ri*mond ,t]race1 at ! top ( ! hill1 f :i* s glori\s a view ( ! w9d+s ( ! ,?ames is se51 ) ! luxuriant happy-look+ l&scape ar\nd4 ,! enjoym5t ( ?is glori\s day n[ rea*$ its climax4 ,we d9$ 9 ! great d9+-room1 f ! l>ge w9d[s ( :i* we obs]v$ a view almo/ unmat*$ 9 ! _w1 ) ! great t[] ( ,w9dsor 9 ! di/ance4 ,i ne$ n speak ( ! ent]ta9m5t1 :i* 0 ev]y?+ t ! k9de/ & mo/ g5ial hospitality c\ld (f]4 ,aft] a pleasant /roll 9 ! ,p>k1 amid/ ! noble & v5]able oak trees1 :i* give su* a dignity to ! place1 & aft] ano!r visit to ! ,t]race1 :]e we saw ! sun set 9 a blaze ( glory beyond ! di/ant sc5]y1 we /roll$ d[n ! hill to ! /eam]1 & desc5d$ ! ,?ames 9 ! cool ( ! summ] ev5+4 ,i mu/ n1 h[ev]1 omit to m5tion ! lodg+s tak5 = me by my fa!r be=e he left ,london4 ,x 0 necess>y t !y %\ld be ne> ,maudslay's works = ! conv5i5ce ( go+ & com+4 ,we !re=e look$ ab\t 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,wat]loo ,road4 ,"o ( ! h\ses we visit$ 0 situat$ imm$iately beh9d ! ,surrey !atre4 ,x seem$ a v nice tidy h\se1 & my fa!r seem$ to h tak5 a lik+ = x4 ,b :5 we 7 introduc$ into ! room :]e ,i 0 to sleep1 he obs]v$ an ultra-gay bonnet ly+ on ! b$1 ) fla%y bright ribbons hang+ f x4 ,?is sight seem$ to alt] 8 ideas1 & he did n take ! lodg+s2 b took ano!r :]e !re 0 no su* bonnet4 ,i h no d\bt ab\t :at pass$ ?r\gh 8 m9d at ! "t4 ,we 7 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! !atre4 ,!re 0 evid5tly "s gay "y woman ab\t ! h\se4 ,he ?\ght ! position might be dang]\s = 8 son4 ,i aft]w>ds ask$ him :y we _h n tak5 t nice lodg+4 ,well1 he said1 did n y see t ultra-gay bonnet ly+ on ! b$8 ,i ?9k t looks r suspici\s6 ,aft]w>ds he add$1 ,at all ev5ts1 ,james1 y w f9d t ?\gh !re are _m dirty roads 9 life1 if y use y\r judgm5t y may always be able to f9d a clean cross+6 ,& s ! good man left me4 ,aft] an affectionate p>t+ he return$ to ,ed9burgh1 & ,i rema9$ 9 ,london to "w out ! plan ( my life4 ,,*apt] #h4 ,maudslay's ,private ,assi/ant ,on ! morn+ ( ,monday1 ! #cj? ( ,may #ahbi1 ,i comm5c$ my regul> att5dance at ,mr4 ,maudslay's work%op4 ,my fir/ job 0 to assi/ him 9 mak+ "s modifications 9 ! details ( a ma*9e :i* he _h contriv$ "s ye>s be=e = g5]at+ orig9al screws4 ,i use ! ^w g5]at+ z be+ mo/ appropriate to express ! objects & results ( "o ( ,mr4 ,maudslay's mo/ orig9al inv5tions4 ,x consi/$ 9 ! employm5t ( a knife-edg$ h>d5$ /eel in/rum5t1 s arrang$ z to be set at any requir$ angle1 & its edge caus$ to p5etrate ! surface ( a cyl9drical b> ( s(t /eel or brass4 ,?is b> be+ revolv$ "u ! incisive action ( ! angul>ly plac$ knife-edg$ in/rum5t1 x ?us receiv$ a cont9u\s spiral groove cut into its surface4 ,x 0 !n 9 ! condition ( a rudim5t>y screw2 ! pit*1 or int]val betwe5 ! ?reads1 be+ det]m9$ by ! great] or less angle ( obliquity at :i* ! knife-edg$ in/rum5t 0 set ) respect to ! axis ( ! cyl9drical b>s revolv+ "u its incisive action4 ,! spiral groove1 ?us g5]at$1 0 deep5$ to ! requir$ ext5t by a suitable & po9t$ h>d /eel tool firmly held 9 ! jaws ( an adju/able slide made = ! purpose1 z "p & p>cel ( ! b$ ( ! ma*9e4 ,9 ! case ( squ>e-?read$ screws be+ requir$1 a squ>e-po9t$ tool 0 employ$ 9 place ( ! ,v or angle-?read$ tool4 ,& 9 ord] to g5]ate or produce "r h& or left h& screws1 all t 0 necess>y 0 to set ! knife-edg$ in/rum5t to a "r or left h& incl9ation 9 respect to ! axis ( ! cyl9drical b> at ! outset ( ! op]ation4 ,?is beautiful & truly orig9al contrivance became1 9 ! h&s ( its inv5tor1 ! p>5t ( a va/ prog5y ( p]fect screws1 ^: desc5dants1 :e!r legitimate or n1 are to be f\nd 9 e work%op ?r\gh\t ! _w1 :]ev] fir/-class ma*9]y is con/ruct$4 ,! production ( p]fect screws 0 "o ( ,maudslay's highe/ ambitions & 8 pr9cipal te*nical a*ievem5t4 ,x 0 a type ( 8 invaluable faculty ( solv+ ! mo/ difficult problems by ! mo/ direct & simple me?ods4 ,x 0 by ! same me?od t he produc$ ! ,guide screw4 ,8 screw-cutt+ la! 0 mov$ by comb9ation :eels1 & by its means he c\ld1 by ! "o ,guide screw1 obta9 screws ( e v>iety ( pit* & diamet]4 ,z an illu/ration ( its complete accuracy ,i may m5tion t by its means a screw ( five feet 9 l5g? & two in*es 9 diamet] 0 cut ) fifty ?reads to ! in*2 ! ,nut to fit on to x be+ twelve in*es long1 & conta9+ six hundr$ ?reads6 ,?is screw 0 pr9cipally us$ = divid+ scales = a/ronomical & o!r metrical purposes ( ! highe/ class4 ,by its means divisions 7 produc$ ) su* m9ut5ess t !y c\ld only be made visual by a microscope4 ,?is screw 0 s5t = exhibition to ! ,society ( ,arts4 ,x is /ill pres]v$ ) ! utmo/ c>e at ! ,lambe? ,works among/ ! _m admirable specim5s ( ,h5ry ,maudslay's inv5tive g5ius & delicate h&iwork4 ,e skill$ me*anic mu/ ?or\ghly enjoy ! sight ( x1 especially :5 he kn[s t x 0 n produc$ by an exceptional tool1 b by ! ma*9e t 0 daily employ$ 9 ! ord9>y "w ( ! factory4 ,i mu/ n1 h[ev]1 omit to say t ,i took an e>ly opportunity ( pres5t+ ,br\gham's lett] ( introduction to ,f>aday at ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,i 0 receiv$ mo/ cordially by t noble-m9d$ man1 ^: face beam$ ) goodness & k9dness4 ,aft] "s pleasant conv]sation he said he w\ld call ^u me at ,maudslay's1 :om he knew v well4 ,n long aft] ,f>aday call$1 & f\nd me work+ beside ,maudslay 9 8 beautiful little work%op4 ,a vice _h be5 fitt$ up = me at ! b5* :]e he himself daily work$4 ,f>aday express$ himself z delight$ to f9d me 9 s enviable a position4 ,he congratulat$ me on my special good =tune 9 hav+ ! ine/imable advantage ( be+ associat$ z assi/ant workman ) "o ( ! greate/ me*anical eng9e]s ( ! day4 ,mr4 ,maudslay (f]$ to conduct ,f>aday ?r\gh 8 work%ops1 & ,i 0 p]mitt$ to accompany !m4 ,i 0 mu* impress$ ) ! intellig5t conv]sation ( ,f>aday1 z well z ) ! quickness he exhibit$ 9 appreciat+ n only ! g5]al excell5ce ( ! design & execution ( ! works 9 progress1 b 8 capacity = ent]+ into ! te*nical details ( ! composite tools & ma*9]y :i* he saw dur+ 8 progress ?r\gh ! place4 ,?is mo/ pleasant & memorable meet+ ) ! great philosoph] initiat$ a fri5d%ip :i* ,i _h ! good =tune to cont9ue until ! close ( 8 life4 ,x 01 ( c\rse1 an imm5se advantage = me to be s intimately associat$ ) ,mr4 ,maudslay 9 c>ry+ on 8 exp]im5tal "w4 ,i 0 n1 h[ev]1 8 appr5tice1 b 8 assi/ant workman4 ,x 0 necess>y1 !re=e1 9 8 op9ion1 t ,i %\ld receive "s remun]ation = my s]vices4 ,accord+ly1 at ! conclusion ( my fir/ week 9 8 s]vice1 he desir$ me to g to 8 *ief ca%i] & arrange ) him = receiv+ :atev] am\nt ( weekly wages ,i might consid] satisfactory4 ,i w5t to ! c\nt+-h\se & _h an int]view ) ,mr4 ,"y ! ca%i]1 a mo/ wor?y man99 footnote444 ,i may m5tion t he 0 bro!r to ,dr4 ,?omas ,"y1 ! celebrat$ natural philosoph]4 444 ,kn[+ z ,i did ! great advantages ( my situation1 & hav+ a v mode/ notion ( my own wor?9ess to occupy x1 ,i said1 9 answ] to ,mr4 ,"y's "q z to ! am\nt ( wages ,i desir$1 t if he did n ?9k t5 %ill+s a week too mu* ,i c\ld d well en\gh ) t4 ,v well said he1let x be s ,& he h&$ me ov] half a sov]eign6 ,i _h det]m9$1 aft] ,i obta9$ a situation1 n to co/ my fa!r ano!r %ill+4 ,i knew h[ _m calls he _h ^u him1 at a "t :5 he _h 8 own num]\s h\sehold to ma9ta94 ,i !re=e resolv$1 n[ t ,i _h begun life on my own res\rces1 to ma9ta9 myself1 & to help him r ?an be help$ any long]4 ,?us ! fir/ half-sov]eign ,i receiv$ f ,mr4 ,"y 0 a great ev5t 9 my life4 ,x 0 ! fir/ wages1 z su*1 t ,i _h ev] receiv$4 ,i well rememb] ! high satisfaction ,i felt z ,i c>ri$ x home to my lodg+s2 & all ! m s z ,i 0 q c]ta9 t ,i c\ld1 by /rict economy & good managem5t1 contrive to make ?is weekly sum ( t5 %ill+s meet all my curr5t exp5ses4 ,i _h already sav$ ! sum ( #bj1 :i* ,i plac$ 9 ! bank z a deposit acc\nt4 ,x 0 ! residue ( ! sale ( "s ( my model /eam-eng9es at ,ed9burgh4 ,my read]s w rememb] t ,i br\ght ) me a model /eam-eng9e to %[ to ,mr4 ,maudslay z a specim5 ( my h&iwork4 ,x _h ga9$ = me ! situation t ,i desir$1 & ,i 0 n[ will+ to dispose ( x4 ,i f\nd a pur*as] 9 ,mr4 ,watk9s1 optician at ,*>+ ,cross1 :o suppli$ su* app>atus to lectur]s at ,me*anics' ,in/itutions4 ,he gave me #ce = ! model1 & ,i add$ ! sum to my deposit acc\nt4 ,?is little fund 0 q suffici5t to meet any exp5ses beyond ^? ( a curr5t weekly nature4 ,image ,my cook+ /ove99 footnote444 ,i h ?is h&y app>atus by me /ill2 & to prove its possession ( its full orig9al effici5cy ,i rec5tly set x 9 action aft] its re/ ( fifty ye>s1 & f\nd t x yield$ results q equal to my grateful remembrance ( its pa/ s]vices4 444 ,b ,i 0 resolv$ t my wages alone %\ld ma9ta9 me 9 food & lodg+4 ,i !re=e direct$ my att5tion to economical liv+4 ,i f\nd t a mod]ate d9n] at an eat+-h\se w\ld co/ move ?an ,i c\ld af=d to sp5d4 ,9 ord] to keep )9 my weekly income ,i b\ght ! raw mat]ials & cook$ !m 9 my own way & to my own ta/e4 ,i set to & made a draw+ ( a v simple1 compact1 & h&y cook+ app>atus4 ,i took ! draw+ to a t9smi? ne> at h&1 & 9 two days ,i _h x 9 full op]ation4 ,! app>atus co/ t5 %ill+s1 includ+ ! lamp4 ,z x contribut$ 9 no small degree to enable me to c>ry out my resolution1 & z x may s]ve z a lesson to o!rs :o h an e>ne/ desire to live economically1 ,i ?9k x may be useful to give a draw+ & a description ( my cook+ /ove4 ,! cook+ or meat pan re/$ on ! upp] rim ( ! ext]nal cyl9drical case1 & 0 easily removable 9 ord] to be plac$ h&y = s]vice4 ,! requisite heat 0 suppli$ by an oil lamp ) ?ree small s+le wicks1 ?\gh ,i f\nd t "o wick 0 en\gh4 ,i put ! meat 9 ! pot1 ) ! o!r come/ibles1 at n9e o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,x simm]$ away all day1 until half-pa/ six 9 ! ev5+1 :5 ,i came home ) a heal?y appetite to enjoy my d9n]4 ,i well rememb] ! fir/ day t ,i set ! app>atus to "w4 ,i ran to my lodg+1 at ab\t f\r ,p4,m41 to see h[ x 0 go+ on4 ,:5 ,i lift$ ! cov] x 0 simm]+ beautifully1 & su* a sav\ry gu/o came =? t ,i 0 almo/ tempt$ to fall to & discuss ! cont5ts4 ,b ! "t _h n yet come1 & ,i ran back to my "w4 ,! meat ,i g5]ally cook$ 9 x 0 leg ( beef1 ) slic$ potato1 bits ( onion *opp$ d[n1 & a modicum ( :ite pepp] & salt1 ,) j en\gh ( wat] to cov] ! elem5ts4 ,:5 /ew$ sl[ly ! meat became v t5d]2 & ! :ole yield$ a capital di%1 su* z a v ,soy] might envy4 ,x 0 p>tak5 ( ) a ze/ t1 no d\bt1 0 a v important elem5t 9 its sav\r9ess4 ,! :ole co/ ( ?is capital d9n] 0 ab\t #d #a_/b;d4 ,i sometimes v>i$ ! meat ) rice boil$ ) a few rais9s & a p5nywor? ( milk4 ,my breakfa/ & tea1 ) bread1 co/ me ab\t f\rp5ce ea*4 ,my lodg+s co/ #cs4 #f;d4 a week4 ,a little multiplication w satisfy any "o h[ x 0 t ,i contriv$ to live economically & com=tably on my t5 %ill+s a week4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> my wages 7 rais$ to fifte5 %ill+s a week1 & !n ,i began to take butt] to my bread4 ,to return to my employm5t "u ,mr4 ,maudslay4 ,"o ( ! fir/ jobs t ,i und]took 0 9 assi/+ him to make a beautiful small model ( a pair ( #bjj horsep[] m>9e /eam-eng9es4 ,! eng9es 7 !n 9 c\rse ( con/ruction 9 ! factory4 ,!y 7 consid]$ a bold advance on ! m>9e eng9es !n 9 use1 n only 9 reg>d to _! great p[]1 b 9 c>ry+ out _m specialities 9 _! details & g5]al /ructure4 ,mr4 ,maudslay _h embodi$ s mu* ( 8 ?\ght 9 ! design t he desir$ to h an exact model ( !m plac$ 9 8 libr>y1 s z to keep a visible record ( 8 ideas con/antly be=e him4 ,9 fact1 ^! eng9es might be reg>d$ z ! culm9ation ( 8 con/ructive abilities4 ,9 prep>+ ! model x 0 necess>y t ev]y?+ %\ld be made 9 exact con=mity ) ! orig9al4 ,!re 7 ab\t ?ree hundr$ m9ute bolts & nuts to be r$uc$ to ! proportional size4 ,i e/eem$ x a great complim5t to be entru/$ ) _! execution4 ,!y 7 all to be made ( ca/-/eel1 & ! nuts _h to be cut to exact hexagonal =m4 ,_m ( !m _h coll>s4 ,to produce !m by ! use ( ! file 9 ! ord9>y mode w\ld n only h be5 difficult & t$i\s1 b 9 "s cases practically impossible4 ,image ,coll>-nut cutt+ ma*9e4 ,to get rid ( ! difficulty ,i sugge/$ to ,mr4 ,maudslay a contrivance ( my own by means ( :i* ! mo/ rigid exactness 9 size z well z =m c\ld be giv5 to ^! hexagonal nuts4 ,he readily grant$ 8 p]mission4 ,i con/ruct$ a special app>atus1 consi/+ ( a h>d /eel circul> cutt] to act z a circul> file4 ,:5 br\ght into op]ation 9 ! production ( ^! m9ute six-sid$ coll>$ nuts1 held firm 9 ! sp9dle ( a small divid+ plate & atta*$ to ! slide-re/1 ea* side 0 br\ght 9 succession "u ! action ( ! circul> file or cutt] ) ! mo/ exact precision 9 reg>d to ! division ( ! six sides4 ,! result 0 absolutely p]fect z respects ! exactness ( ! six equal sides ( ! hexagonal nut1 z well z _! precise position 9 reg>d to ! coll> t 0 ( "o solid piece ) x4 ,!re 0 no great am\nt ( +5uity requir$ 9 contriv+ ?is special tool1 or 9 adapt+ x to ! slide-re/ ( ! la!1 to ^: sp9dle end ! file or cutt] _/ 0 fix$4 ,b ! result 0 s satisfactory1 bo? z reg>ds ! accuracy & rapidity ( execution 9 comp>ison ) ! usual process ( h& fil+1 t ,mr4 ,maudslay 0 greatly pleas$ ) ! arrangem5t z well z ) my zeal 9 contriv+ & execut+ ?is clev] little tool4 ,an enl>g$ edition ( ?is coll>-nut cutt+ ma*9e 0 soon aft] introduc$ into ! factory4 ,image ,arrangem5t ( ! ma*9e ,x 0 "o ( ! specialities t ,i adopt$ 9 my own work%op :5 ,i comm5c$ bus9ess = myself1 & x 0 eag]ly adopt$ by me*anical eng9e]s1 :om we abundantly suppli$ ) ?is special ma*9e4 ,x 0 an ine/imable advantage to me to be s intimately associat$ ) ?is ,great ,me*anic4 ,he 0 s inv>iably k9d1 pleasant1 & cong5ial4 ,he communicat$ an inf9ite numb] ( :at he humor\sly call$ ,wr9kles :i* aft]w>ds prov$ ( great use to me4 ,my work+ h\rs usually t]m9at$ at six 9 ! ev5+4 ,b z _m ( ! dep>tm5ts ( ! factory 7 (t5 9 full op]ation dur+ busy times until eight o'clock1 ,i w5t ?r\gh !m to obs]ve ! "w :ile 9 progress4 ,on ^! occasions ,i (t5 met ! guvnor1 z ! workm5 call$ ,mr4 ,maudslay4 ,he 0 go+ 8 r\nd ( inspection1 & :5 !re 0 any special "w 9 h& he w\ld call me up to him to & expla9 po9t 9 connection ) x t 0 wor?y ( p>ticul> notice4 ,i f\nd ?is valuable privilege mo/ in/ructive1 z ,i obta9$ f ! *eif me*anic himself a full insight into ! me?ods1 means1 & processes by :i* ! skilful workman advanc$ ! v>i\s classes ( "w4 ,i 0 also p]mitt$ to take notes & make rapid sket*es ( any object t specially int]e/$ me4 ,! entire e/abli%m5t ?us became to me a s*ool ( practical eng9e]+ ( ! mo/ in/ructive k9d4 ,mr4 ,maudslay took pleasure 9 %[+ me ! "r sy/em & me?od ( treat+ all mann] ( mat]ials employ$ 9 me*anical /ructures4 ,he %[$ h[ !y might be made to obey y\r w1 by *ang+ !m into ! desir$ =ms ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( "t & lab\r4 ,?is 9 fact is ! true philosophy ( con/ruction4 ,:5 cle> ideas h be5 acquir$ ^u ! subject1 aft] c>eful obs]vation & practice1 ! comp>ative ease & c]ta9ty ) :i* complete ma/]y ov] ! mo/ obdurate mat]ials is obta9$1 op5s up ! mo/ direct road to ! atta9m5t ( comm]cial z well z ( pr(essional success4 ,to be p]mitt$ to /& by & obs]ve ! sy/ematic way 9 :i* ,mr4 ,maudslay w\ld fir/ m>k or l9e out 8 "w1 & ! ma/]ly mann] 9 :i* he w\ld deal ) 8 mat]ials1 & cause !m to assume ! desir$ =ms1 0 a treat beyond all expression4 ,e /roke ( ! hamm]1 *isel1 or file1 told z an effective /ep t[>ds ! int5d$ result4 ,x 0 a nev]-to-be-=gott5 practical lesson 9 workman%ip1 9 ! mo/ exalt$ s5se ( ! t]m4 ,9 con=mity ) 8 (t5 repeat$ maxim1 t !re is a "r way & a wrong way ( do+ ev]y?+1 he took ! %orte/ & mo/ direct cuts to accompli% 8 objects4 ,he illu/rat$ ?is by tell+ me1 9 8 own humor\s /yle1 ,:5 y want to g f ,london to ,gre5wi*1 don't g r\nd by ,inv]ness4 ,ano!r ( 8 droll say+s 0 t he consid]$ no man a ?or\gh me*anic unless he c\ld cut a plank ) a gimlet1 & bore a hole ) a saw6 ,! gr& result ( ?\ghtful practice is :at we call exp]i5ce3 x is ! p[] or faculty ( see+ cle>ly be=e y beg91 :at to avoid & :at to select--or r :at to d & :at n to d4 ,high-class workman%ip1 or te*nical k1 0 9 8 h&s q a sci5ce4 ,e piece ( "w 0 made subject to ! s\nde/ philosophical pr9ciples1 z appli$ to ! use & treatm5t ( mat]ials4 ,x 0 ?is t gave su* a *>m ( enjoym5t to 8 deal+ ) tools & mat]ials4 ,he lov$ ?is sort ( "w = its own sake1 f> m ?an = its pecuni>y results4 ,at ! same "t he 0 n )\t reg>d = ! sub/antial evid5ce ( 8 supremacy 9 all t reg>d$ fir/-class tools1 admirable managem5t1 & ?or\gh organisation ( 8 factory4 ,! innate love ( tru? & accuracy :i* di/+ui%$ ,mr4 ,maudslay1 l$ him to value highly t class ( te*nical dext]ity 9 eng9e]+ workm5 :i* enabl$ !m to produce ^? details ( me*anical /ructures 9 :i* p]fect flat or true plane surfaces 7 requir$4 ,?is 0 an ess5tial condition = ! effective & durable p]=mance ( _! functions4 ,sometimes ?is 0 effect$ by ! aid ( ! turn+-la! & slide-re/4 ,b 9 mo/ cases ! object 0 atta9$ by ! dext]\s use ( ! file1 s t flat fil+ !n 01 z x /ill is1 "o ( ! highe/ qualities ( ! skill$ workman4 ,no "o t ,i ev] met ) c\ld g beyond ,h5ry ,maudslay himself 9 8 dext]\s use ( ! file4 ,by a few ma/]ly /rokes he c\ld produce plane surfaces s true t :5 _! accuracy 0 te/$ by a /&>d plane surface ( absolute tru?1 !y 7 nev] f\nd defective2 nei!r convex1 nor concave1 nor cross-w9d+1--t is1 twi/$4 ,! importance ( hav+ su* ,/&>d ,planes caus$ him to h _m ( !m plac$ on ! b5*es beside 8 workm51 by means ( :i* !y might at once conv5i5tly te/ _! "w4 ,?ree ( ea* 7 made at a "t1 s t by ! mutual rubb+ ( ea* on ea* ! project+ surfaces 7 effac$4 ,:5 ! surfaces approa*$ v ne> to ! true plane1 ! /ill project+ m9ute po9ts 7 c>efully r$uc$ by h>d /eel scrap]s1 until at la/ ! /&>d plane surface 0 secur$4 ,:5 plac$ ov] ea* o!r !y w\ld float ^u ! ?9 /ratum ( air betwe5 !m until dislodg$ by "t & pressure4 ,:5 !y adh]$ closely to ea* o!r1 !y c\ld only be sep>at$ by slid+ ea* (f ea*4 ,?is art ( produc+ absolutely plane surfaces is1 ,i believe1 a v old me*anical dodge4 ,b1 z employ$ by ,maudslay's m51 x greatly contribut$ to ! improvem5t ( ! "w turn$ out4 ,x 0 us$ = ! surfaces ( slide valves1 or :]ev] absolute true plane surfaces 7 ess5tial to ! atta9m5t ( ! be/ results1 n only 9 ! ma*9]y turn$ out1 b 9 educat+ ! ta/e ( 8 m5 t[>ds fir/-class workman%ip4 ,maudslay's love ( accuracy also l$ him to di/ru/ ! v]dicts giv5 by ! employm5t ( ! ord9>y callip]s & compasses 9 det]m9+ ! absolute or relative dim5sions ( ! ref9$ me*anism :i* he delight$ to con/ruct ) 8 own h&s4 ,s mu* dep5d$ ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ! ord9>y measur+ in/rum5ts 7 h&l$ & appli$ t !y sometimes fail$ to give ! requir$ v]dict z to accuracy4 ,9 ord]1 !re=e1 to get rid ( all difficulties 9 ?is respect1 he design$ & con/ruct$ a v compact & h&y in/rum5t :i* he always _h on 8 b5* beside 8 vice4 ,he c\ld ?us1 9 a mo/ accurate & rapid mann]1 obta9 ! mo/ reliable evid5ce z to ! relative dim5sions1 9 l5g?1 wid?1 or diamet]1 ( any "w :i* he _h 9 h&4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! absolute tru? ( ! v]dicts ( ! in/rum5t1 he consid]$ x z a ,c\rt ( ,f9al ,appeal1 & humor\sly call$ x ,! ,"l ,*ancellor4 ,image ,maudslay's ,"l ,*ancellor ,?is tru/wor?y ,companion ( ! ,b5* consi/$ ( a v sub/antial & inflexible b$ or base ( h>d brass4 ,at "o end ( x 0 a p]fectly h>d5$ /eel surface plate1 hav+ an absolutely true flat or plane face1 aga9/ :i* "o end or side ( ! object to be measur$ 0 plac$2 :il/ a simil> absolutely true plane surface ( h>d5$ /eel 0 advanc$ by means ( a suitable f9e ?read screw1 until ! object to be measur$ 0 j delicately 9 contact ) x4 ,! object 01 z x 71 betwe5 ! jaws ( a vice1 b )\t any squeeze--be+ j free1 :i* c\ld be easily asc]ta9$ by feel+4 ,^! two absolutely plane surfaces1 betwe5 :i* ! object lay1 _h _! di/ances ap>t easily read (f f ! scale engrav$ on ! b$ ( ! in/rum5t1 9 in*es & t5? p>ts ( an in*1 :ile ! disk-head or h&le ( ! screw 0 divid$ on its edge rim into hundr$? or ?\s&? p>ts1 z ^! bore an exact metrical relation to ! pit* ( ! screw t mov$ ! p>allel /eel faces ( ! measur+ vice 7z ,i may t]m x7 ne>] or f>!r ap>t4 ,n only absolute measure c\ld be obta9$ by ?is means1 b also ! am\nt ( m9ute diff]5ces c\ld be asc]ta9$ ) a degree ( exactness t w5t q beyond all ! requirem5ts ( eng9e]+ me*anism2 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! ?\s&? "p ( an in*6 ,x might also h be5 divid$ s f> z a million? "p ( an in*1 b ^! inf9itesimal fractions h really no?+ to d ) ! effective ma*9]y99 footnote444 ,i may m5tion ano!r say+ ( ,mr4 ,maudslay's4 ,besides 8 obs]vation t 9 go+ f ,london to ,gre5wi* we mu/ n g r\nd by ,inv]ness1 he said1 ,we mu/ n become too complicat$ ) our ma*9]y4 ,rememb] ! get-at-ability ( p>ts4 ,if we g on z "s me*anics are do+1 we %all soon be boil+ our eggs ) a *ronomet]6 444 t comes =? f our work%ops1 & m]ely %[ ! ma/]y we possess ov] mat]ials & me*anical =ms4 ,! orig9al ( ?is measur+ ma*9e ( ,maudslay's 0 exhibit$ at ! ,loan ,collection at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgh4 ,x is n[ treasur$ up1 ) o!r relics ( 8 h&iwork1 9 a cab9et at ! ,lambe? works4 ,:ile writ+ ^u ?is subject x may be wor?y ( rem>k1 t ! employm5t ( a screw z ! means ( adju/+ ! po9ts or ref]5ce m>ks ( a measur+ in/rum5t1 = ! asc]ta9m5t ( m9ute di/ances betwe5 objects1 0 fir/ effect$ by ,william ,gascoigne1 ab\t ! ye> #afdh4 ,!re c be no d\bt t he 0 ! inv5tor ( ! ,micromet]--an in/rum5t t1 :5 appli$ 7z he fir/ did s7 to ! eye-piece ( ! ,telescope1 has be5 ! means ( advanc+ ! sci5ce ( a/ronomy to its pres5t high position 7,see ,grant's ,hi/ory ( ,a/ronomy1 p4 #dec7 ,i _h abundant occupation = my leisure "t aft] my regul> att5dance at ! factory 0 ov]4 ,i _h n only ! opportunity ( /udy+ me*anics1 b ( /udy+ m54 ,x is a great ?+ to "k ! "* ( ^? :o are ov] y z well z ^? :o are "u y4 ,x is also well to "k ! "* ( ^? :o are associat$ ) y 9 y\r daily "w4 ,i became intimate ) ! =em5 & ) _m ( ! skill$ workm54 ,f !m ,i le>nt a great deal4 ,let me fir/ speak ( ! m5 ( sci5ce :o occasionally frequ5t$ ,maudslay's private work%op4 ,!y (t5 came to consult him on subjects ) :i* he 0 specially acqua9t$4 ,among ,mr4 ,maudslay's mo/ frequ5t visitors 7 ,g5]al ,sir ,samuel ,b5?am1 ,mr4 ,b>ton1 director ( ! ,royal ,m9t1 ,mr4 ,bryan ,donk91 ,mr4 ,f>aday1 & ,mr4 ,*antrey1 ! sculptor4 ,z ,mr4 ,maudslay wi%$ me to be at h& to give him any necess>y assi/ance1 ,i _h ! opportunity ( li/5+ to ! conv]sation betwe5 him & ^! di/+ui%$ visitors4 ,sir ,samuel ,b5?am call$ v (t54 ,he _h be5 associat$ ) ,maudslay dur+ ! contrivance & con/ruction ( ! block ma*9]y4 ,he 0 bro!r ( ! celebrat$ ,j]emy ,b5?am1 & he appli$ ! same cle> common-s5se to me*anical subjects :i* ! o!r _h done to legal1 social1 & political que/ions4 ,x 0 9 ! highe/ degree int]e/+ & in/ructive to he> ^! two great pione]s 9 ! hi/ory & application ( me*anics discuss+ ! ev5ts connect$ ) ! block-mak+ ma*9]y4 ,9 fact1 ,maudslay's connection ) ! subject _h l$ to ! developm5t ( mo/ ( our mod]n eng9e]+ tools4 ,!y may s9ce h be5 some:at alt]$ 9 arrangem5t1 b n 9 pr9ciple4 ,sc>cely a week pass$ )\t a visit f ! ,g5]al4 ,he sat 9 ! beautiful work%op1 :]e he always seem$ s happy4 ,x 0 a great treat to he> him & ,maudslay fight _! battles o'er aga91 9 rec\nt+ ! difficulties1 bo? (ficial & me*anical1 ov] :i* !y _h s glori\sly triumph$4 ,at ! "t :5 ,i li/5$ to _! conv]sation1 ! great "w 9 h& 0 ! organisation ( a sy/ematic s]ies ( exp]im5ts on ! hulls ( /eam%ips1 ) ! view ( det]m9+ ! laws ( resi/ance on _! be+ propell$ ?r\gh ! sea by a p[] o!r ?an ^? ( w9ds & sails4 ,! subject 0 z complex z x 0 int]e/+ & important4 ,b x _h to be put to ! te/ ( actual exp]im5t4 ,?is 0 done 9 ! fir/ place by l>ge models ( hulls1 s z to asc]ta9 at :at po9t ! curves ( lea/ resi/ance c\ld be appli$4 ,_! practical correctness 0 te/$ by c>eful exp]im5t 9 pass+ !m ?r\gh wat] at v>i\s velocities1 to record :i* conditions special in/rum5ts 7 contriv$ & execut$4 ,^!1 z well z ! prep>ation ( l>ge models ( hulls1 embody+ ! v>i\s improv$ l9es1 occupi$ a consid]able portion ( ! "t t ,i _h ! good =tune to sp5d 9 ,mr4 ,maudslay's private work%op4 ,mr4 ,b>ton ( ! ,royal ,m9t 0 q a crony ( ,maudslay's4 ,he call$ ^u him (t5 ) respect to ! improvem5ts = /amp+ ! curr5t co9 ( ! realm4 ,bryan ,donk9 0 also associat$ ) ,maudslay & ,b>ton on ! subject ( ! national /&>d ( ! y>d measure4 ,b p]haps ,mr4 ,*antrey 0 ! mo/ attractive visitor at ! private work%op4 ,he _h _m a long int]view ) ,maudslay ) respect to ! plann+ & arrang+ ( a small f\ndry at 8 /udio1 by means ( :i* he might ca/ 8 bronze /atues "u 8 own sup]9t5d5ce4 ,mr4 ,maudslay ent]$ con amore into ! subject1 & plac$ 8 skill & exp]i5ce entirely at ,*antrey's s]vice4 ,he con/ruct$ ! requisite furnaces1 cranes1 & o!r app>atus1 at ,*antrey's /udio2 & x may be en\gh to /ate t1 :5 br\ght into op]ation1 !y yield$ ! mo/ satisfactory results4 ,among my mo/ intellig5t private fri5ds 9 ,london 7 ,george ,cundell & 8 two bro!rs4 ,!y resid$ ne> my lodg+s1 & ,i (t5 visit$ !m on ,saturday ev5+s4 ,!y 7 mo/ k9d1 g5tle1 & g5ial4 ,! elde/ bro!r 0 9 ,sir ,william ,=bes's bank4 ,george 0 ag5t = ,mr4 ,patrick ,maxwell ,/u>t 9 connection ) 8 ,we/ ,india e/ates1 & ! ?ird bro!r 0 8 assi/ant4 ,! eld] bro!r 0 an admirable p]=m] on ! violoncello1 & he treat$ u dur+ ^! ,saturday ev5+s ) noble music f ,bee?ov5 & ,moz>t4 ,my special fri5d ,george 0 kn[n among/ u z ! wor?y ma/]4 ,he 0 ?or\ghly v]s$ 9 g5]al sci5ce1 & 0 moreov] a ke5 politician4 ,he _h ! mo/ happy faculty ( treat+ complex subjects1 bo? 9 sci5ce & politics1 9 a ?or\ghly common-s5se mann]4 ,8 two bro!rs _h a f9e feel+ = art1 &1 inde$1 possess$ no small skill z practical arti/s4 ,) companions su* z ^!1 gift$ ) a v>iety ( ta/es1 ,i sp5t _m ( my ,saturday ev5+s mo/ pleasantly & pr(itably4 ,!y 7 g5]ally conclud$ ) a glass ( be] ( ! wor?y ma/]'s own brew+4 ,:5 ! season ( ! ye> & ! /ate ( ! wea!r 7 suitable ,i (t5 jo9$ ?is happy frat]nity 9 long & delightful ,sunday walks to v>i\s int]e/+ places r\nd ,london4 ,our walks includ$ ,wal?am ,abbey1 ,wal?am ,cross1 ,el?am ,palace1 ,hampton ,c\rt1 ,epp+ ,=e/1 & _m o!r int]e/+ places ( resort4 ,:5 ! wea!r 0 unfav\rable my pr9cipal resort 0 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 :]e1 besides ! beautifully-conduct$ s]vice & ! noble an!ms1 ,i c\ld admire ! glory ( ! ar*itecture1 & ! v5]able tombs1 "u :i* lay ! be/ & brave/4 ,i us$ g5]ally to sit at a po9t f :i* ,i c\ld see ! gr& tomb ( ,aylm] de ,vallance ) its magnific5t surr\nd+s ( qua9t & glori\s ar*itecture4 ,x 0 solemn1 & s]i\s also1 to ?9k ( ! _m g5]ations :o _h fill$ ! abbey1 & ( ! numb]s ( ! dead :o lay b5ea? our feet4 ,i 0 s great an admir] ( ,norman & ,go?ic ar*itecture t !re 0 sc>cely a specim5 ( x 9 ,london :i* ,i did n frequ5tly visit4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ examples ,i f\nd 9 ! ,norman portion ( ,/4 ,savi\rs ,*ur*1 ne> ,london ,bridge1 ?r\gh "s ( x has s9ce be5 de/roy$ by ! s-call$ re/oration 9 #ahca4 ,! new "w has be5 execut$ 9 ! wor/ ta/e & feel+4 ,i also greatly admir$ ! ,norman *apel ( ! ,t[]1 & "s ,norman portions ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew ! ,less1 ne> ,smi?field4 ,no /yle ( ar*itecture t ,i h ev] se5 has s impress$ me ) its intr9sic gravity1 & ,i may say solemnity1 z t ( ! ,norman4 ,!re is a s]i\s e>ne/ness 9 its grave simplicity t has a peculi> influ5ce ^u ! m9d2 & ,i h little d\bt t ?is 0 felt1 & und]/ood by ^? true ar*itects :o design$ & built ! noble ca!drals at ,durham & else:]e4 ,b !re1 z else:]e1 "s ( our mod]n s-call$ ,ar*itects h made sad havoc ) ! e>lie/ & mo/ impressive portions ( ^? gr& & truly int]e/+ rema9s1 by _! ,re/orations1 z !y t]m x--b :i* ,i call ,defamations4 ,,*apt] #i4 ,holiday 9 ! ,manufactur+ ,di/ricts4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahcj ,mr4 ,maudslay w5t to ,b]l9 = ! purpose ( sup]9t5d+ ! erection ( ma*9]y at ! ,royal ,m9t !re4 ,he int5d$ to be abs5t f ,london = ab\t a mon?2 & he k9dly p]mitt$ me to take my holiday dur+ t p]iod4 ,i _h be5 greatly int]e/$ by ! descriptions 9 ! newspap]s ( ! locomotive competition at ,ra9hill1 ne> ,liv]pool4 ,i 01 !re=e1 exce$+ly anxi\s to see ,/eph5son's ,rocket1 ! eng9e t _h won ! prize4 ,tak+ ) me lett]s ( introduction f ,mr4 ,maudslay to p]sons ( influ5ce at ,liv]pool1 ,i left ,london = ! nor? on ! aft]noon ( ,saturday ! #i? ( ,septemb] #ahcj4 ,i took my place on ! outside ( ! ,liv]pool coa*1 :i* set out f ,! ,swan ) ,two ,necks1 9 ,lad ,lane1 ,city1 "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ coa*-(fices 9 ^? days ,! fir/ "p ( ! j\rney to ,liv]pool 0 v dismal4 ,! night 0 wet4 ,! ra9 came p\r+ d[n1 & no sort ( wrapp+s c\ld keep x out4 ,! outside pass5g]s became ?or\ghly soak$4 ,on we w5t1 h[ev]1 z fa/ z f\r horses c\ld c>ry u4 ,next morn+ we rea*$ ,cov5try1 :5 ! cl\ds cle>$ away1 & ! sun at la/ bur/ =?4 ,i c\ld n[ enjoy ?is *>m+ "p ( old ,engl&4 ,al?\gh ,i _h only a ha/y glimpse 9 pass+ ( ! qua9t /reets & anci5t build+s ( ! t[n ,i 0 p]fectly delight$ ) ! specim5s ( anci5t dome/ic ar*itecture :i* ,i saw4 ,at t "t ,cov5try 0 q a museum ( t int]e/+ class ( build+s4 ,! great] "p ( !m h s9ce be5 swept away 9 ! s-call$ improvem5t ( mod]n build]s1 none ( ^: works c ev] s attract an arti/ic eye4 ,dur+ ! re/ ( ! day ! j\rney 0 delightful4 ,?\gh ! inside pass5g]s _h _h ! be/ ( x dur+ ! night1 ! outside pass5g]s _h ! be/ ( x n[4 ,to g scamp]+ across ! c\ntry on ! top ( ! coa*1 pass+ old villages1 g5tlem5's p>ks1 "u old trees1 along h$ges t+$ ) autumn t9ts1 up hill & d[n dale1 sometimes gett+ (f ! coa* to light5 ! load1 & walk+ along ?r\gh ! fields by a %ort cut to meet x f>!r on2 all ?is 0 mo/ enjoyable4 ,x gave me a new int]e/ 9 ! happi] aspects ( ,engli% sc5]y1 & ( rural & dome/ic life 9 ! pretty old-fa%ion$ f>m build+s t we pass$ on our way4 ,inde$1 !re 0 ev]y?+ to delight ! eye ( ! lov] ( ! picturesque dur+ ! c\rse ( t bright autumnal day4 ,! coa* rea*$ ,liv]pool on ,sunday night4 ,i took up my qu>t]s at a comm]cial inn 9 ,dale ,/reet1 :]e ,i f\nd e com=t :i* ,i desir$ at mod]ate *>ges4 ,next morn+1 )\t loss ( "t1 ,i made my way to ! !n t]m9us ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway2 & !re1 = ! fir/ "t1 ,i saw ! fam\s ,rocket ,! int]e/ ) :i* ,i beheld ?is di/+ui%$ & celebrat$ eng9e 0 mu* enhanc$ by see+ x make sev]al %ort trial trips "u ! p]sonal managem5t ( ,george ,/eph5son1 :o act$ z eng9eman1 :ile 8 son ,rob]t act$ z /ok]4 ,dur+ _! trips ( f\r or five miles along ! l9e ! ,rocket atta9$ ! spe$ ( ?irty miles an h\r--a spe$ !n ?\ght almo/ incr$ible6 ,x 0 to me a mo/ memorable & int]e/+ sight1 especially to see ! fa!r & son s appropriately engag$ 9 work+ ! eng9e t 0 to effect s great a *ange 9 ! communications ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,i sp5t ! entire day 9 wat*+ ! trial trips1 9 exam9+ ! railway works1 & su* portions ( ( _! details z ,i c\ld obta9 access to4 ,ab\t mid-day ! ,rocket 0 at re/ = ab\t an h\r ne> :]e ,i /ood2 & ,i eag]ly avail$ myself ( ! opportunity ( mak+ a c>eful sket* ( ! eng9e1 :i* ,i /ill pres]ve4 ,! l9e 0 op5$ on ! #ae? ( ,septemb]1 :5 ! fam\s ,rocket l$ ! way 9 conduct+ ! fir/ tra9 ( pass5g]s f ,liv]pool to ,man*e/]4 ,!re 7 pres5t on t occasion ?\s&s ( spectators1 _m ( :om _h come f di/ant p>ts ( ! k+dom to witness ?is greate/ ( all ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( railway locomotion4 ,dur+ my /ay 9 ,liv]pool ,i visit$ ! va/ range ( magnific5t docks :i* ext5d along ! nor? bank ( ! ,m]sey1 all ( :i* 7 cr[d$ ) noble m]*ant %ips1 "s tak+ 9 c>goes ( ,briti% manufactures1 & o!rs dis*>g+ imm5se /ores ( cotton1 sug>1 tobacco1 & =eign produce4 ,! sight 0 mo/ int]e/+1 & gave me an impressive idea ( ! mighty functions ( a manufactur+ nation--en]gy & intellig5ce1 work+ ?r\gh ma*9]y1 increas+ ! value ( raw mat]ials & enabl+ !m to be transport$ = use to all p>ts ( ! civilis$ _w4 ,mr4 ,maudslay hav+ giv5 me a lett] ( introduction to 8 old fri5d ,william ,fawcett1 head ( ! firm ( ,fawcett1 ,pre/on1 & ,company1 eng9e]s1 ,i w5t ov] _! factory4 ,!y 7 engag$ 9 produc+ sug> mills = ! ,we/ ,indies1 & also 9 manufactur+ ! /eam-eng9es = work+ !m4 ,! firm _h acquir$ great reputation = _! workman%ip2 & _! %ops 7 cr[d$ ) excell5t specim5s ( _! skill4 ,ev]y?+ 0 9 good ord]2 _! assortm5t ( ma*9e tools 0 admirable4 ,mr4 ,fawcett1 :o accompani$ me1 0 full 9 8 praises ( my ma/]1 :om he reg>d$ z ! greate/ pione] 9 ! sub/itution ( ! un]r+ accuracy ( ma*9e tools = ! (t5 untru/wor?y results ( m]e manual lab\r4 ,i _c resi/ ref]r+ to ! p]sonal appe>ance & mann] ( ?is excell5t g5tleman1 ,william ,fawcett4 ,8 peculi> c\rte\s mann]1 bo? 9 spee* & action1 rem9d$ me ( ! gr& old ,/yle ,:i* ,i _h obs]v$ 9 "s ( my fa!r's olde/ noble employ]s1 & ! repres5tations giv5 ( !m by "s ( our be/ actors4 ,!re 0 also a dignifi$ k9dl9ess ab\t 8 mann] t 0 q peculi> to himself2 & :5 he conduct$ me ?r\gh 8 busy work%ops1 ! c\rtly yet k9dly mann] 9 :i* he address$ 8 v>i\s =em5 & o!rs1 0 especially *e]+4 ,:5 ,i fir/ pres5t$ my lett] ( introduction f ,h5ry ,maudslay1 he 0 sitt+ at a beautiful inlaid escritoire table ) 8 lett]s array$ be=e him 9 ! mo/ neat & p]fect ord]4 ,! writ+ table /ood on a small ,turkey c>pet ap>t f ! cl]ks' desks 9 ! room1 b s ne> to !m t he c\ld readily communicate ) !m4 ,8 neat old-fa%ion$ /yle ( dress q h>monis$ ) 8 advanc$ age1 & ! k9dly yet dignifi$ grace ( 8 mann] left a la/+ impression on me z a mo/ int]e/+ specim5 ( ! f9e old ,engli% g5tleman1 q ( ! old5 "t4 ,i sp5t ano!r day 9 cross+ ! ,m]sey to ,birk5head--!n a v small collection ( build+s--w&]$ ab\t ! neighb\rhood4 ,i _h my sket*-book ) me1 & made a draw+ ( ,liv]pool f ! o!r side ( ! riv]4 ,close to ,birk5head 7 "s excell5t bits ( sc5]y1 old & picturesque f>mh\ses1 ov]%ad[$ ) v5]able oaks1 ) jutt+s-out ( ! ,new ,r$ ,s&/one rocks1 cov]$ ) hea!r1 furze1 & broom1 ) pools ( wat] edg$ ) all mann] ( effective wat] plants4 ,!y =m$ capital subjects = ! arti/ic p5cil1 especially :5 di/ant peeps ( ! ,wel% hills came into ! prospect4 ,i made sev]al sket*es1 & !y kept company ) my graphic memor&a ( ar*itectural & me*anical objects4 ,i may "h m5tion t on my return to ,london ,i %[$ !m to my bro!r ,patrick1 & "s ( !m s mu* met 8 fancy t he borr[$ my sket*-book & pa9t$ "s pictures f !m1 :i* at ?is day are hang+ on ! walls ( "s ( 8 admir]s4 ,) ! desire ( see+ z mu* z possible ( all t 0 int]e/+ 9 ! me*anical1 ar*itectural & picturesque l9e1 on my return j\rney to ,london1 ,i det]m9$ to walk1 halt+ "h & !re by ! way4 ,! season ( ! ye> & ! /ate ( ! wea!r 7 fav\rable = my purpose4 ,i accord+ly comm5c$ my p$e/rian t\r on ,saturday morn+1 ! #ag? ,septemb]4 ,i set out = ,man*e/]4 ,x 0 a long b pleasant walk4 ,i well rememb]1 :5 ne>+ ,man*e/]1 t ,i sat d[n to re/ = a "t on ,patricr(t ,bridge4 ,i 0 attract$ by ! rural aspect ( ! c\ntry1 & ! antique cottages ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,! ,bridgewat] ,canal lay be=e me1 & z ,i 0 told t x 0 ! fir/ mile ( ! wat]way t ! great ,duke _h made1 x became q classic gr\nd 9 my eyes4 ,i little ?\ght at ! "t t ,i 0 s close to a piece ( gr\nd t %\ld aft]w>ds become my own1 & :]e ,i %\ld = tw5ty ye>s c>ry on ! mo/ active & int]e/+ bus9ess ( my life4 ,i rea*$ ,man*e/] at sev5 9 ! ev5+1 & took up my qu>t]s at ! ,k+'s ,arms ,inn1 ,deansgate4 ,next day 0 ,sunday4 ,i att5d$ s]vice 9 ! ,ca!dral1 !n call$ ! ,old ,*ur*4 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ by ! s]vice1 z well z by ! ar*itecture ( ! build+4 ,"s ( ! details 7 well wor?y ( att5tion1 be+ v orig9al1 & yet ! :ole 0 n ( ! be/ p]iod ( ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,"s ( ! old build+s ab\t ! ,ca!dral 7 v int]e/+4 ,!y 7 ( a mo/ qua9t "*1 yet bold & effective4 ,mu* f9ely c>v$ oak timb] "w 0 introduc$ into !m2 & on ! :ole !y gave a v /rik+ illu/ration ( ! /yle ( dome/ic ar*itecture :i* prevail$ 9 ,engl& "s ?ree or f\r c5turies ago4 ,on ! foll[+ day ,i call$ ^u ,mr4 ,edw>d ,tootal1 ( ,york ,/reet4 ,he 0 a well-kn[n man 9 ,man*e/]4 ,i _h ! happ9ess ( meet+ him 9 ,london a few mon?s be=e4 ,he !n k9dly invit$ me to call ^u him %\ld ,i ev] visit ,man*e/]1 :5 he w\ld endeav\r to obta9 = me sight ( "s ( ! mo/ rem>kable manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts4 ,mr4 ,tootal 0 z good z 8 ^w4 ,he receiv$ me mo/ cordially1 & at once proce$$ to take me to ! ext5sive ma*9e factory ( ,messrs4 ,%>p1 ,rob]ts1 & ,co4 ,i f\nd to my delight t a consid]able portion ( ! e/abli%m5t 0 devot$ to ! production ( ma*9e tools1 a dep>tm5t ( me*anical bus9ess !n ris+ into ! highe/ importance4 ,mr4 ,rob]ts1 an admirable me*anic z well z inv5tor1 _h d]iv$ _m ( 8 ideas on ! subject :ile work+ ) ,mr4 ,maudslay 9 ,london1 & he _h c>ri$ !m out ) _m additions & improvem5ts ( 8 own contrivance4 ,inde$1 ,rob]ts 0 "o ( ! mo/ capable m5 ( 8 "t1 & is entitl$ to be reg>d$ z "o ( ! true pione]s ( mod]n me*anical me*anism4 ,?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,mr4 ,tootal ,i _h also ! opportunity ( visit+ & inspect+ "s ( ! mo/ ext5sive cotton mills 9 ,man*e/]4 ,i 0 greatly pleas$ ) ! beautiful contrivances display$ 9 ! ma*9]y4 ,!y 7 p]fect examples ( ! highe/ ord] ( +5uity1 comb9$ ) t k9d ( common-s5se :i* ca/s aside all m]e traditional =ms & arrangem5ts ( p>ts1 su* z d n ess5tially contribute to ! effici5cy ( ! ma*9e 9 ! p]=mance ( its special & requir$ purpose4 ,i f\nd mu* to admire 9 ! design z well z 9 ! execution ( ! details ( ! ma*9es4 ,! arrangem5t & managem5t ( ! manufactories 7 admirable4 ,! :ole ( ! build+s1 h[soev] ext5sive & app>5tly complicat$1 work$ l "o gr& & p]fectly con/ruct$ ma*9e4 ,i 0 also mu* impress$ by ! ke5 int]e/ :i* ! proprietors ( ^! va/ e/abli%m5ts took 9 ! m9ute details ( _! ma*9]y1 z well z by _! intellig5t & practical acqua9tance ) ! te*nical m9utiae ( _! bus9ess4 ,al?\gh _m ( !m 7 m5 ( =tune1 !y cont9u$ to take z deep an int]e/ 9 su* matt]s z if !y 7 beg9n+ life & _h _! =tunes /ill to make4 ,_! *ief ambition 0 to be at ! head ( a ?or\ghly well-manag$ & prosp]\s e/abli%m5t4 ,no detail1 be x ev] s small1 0 b5ea? _! c>e & att5tion4 ,to a "y man l myself1 !n ab\t to ent] ^u a simil> c>e] ( indu/ry1 ^! lessons 7 v important4 ,!y 7 enc\rag+ examples ( c>efully ?\ght out designs1 c>ri$ into admirable results by close att5tion to details1 ev] wat*ful c>efulness1 & indomitable p]sev]ance4 ,i brood$ ov] ^! circum/ances1 ,!y fill$ my m9d ) hope4 ,!y enc\rag$ me to g on 9 ! pa? :i* ,i _h select$2 & ,i believ$ t at "s "t or o!r ,i might be enabl$ to imitate ! examples ( zeal & indu/ry :i* ,i _h witness$ dur+ my /ay 9 ,man*e/]4 ,x 0 !n t ,i be?\ght me ( settl+ d[n 9 ?is busy neighb\rhood2 & z ,i plodd$ my way back to ,london ?is ?\ght cont9ually occupi$ me4 ,x took root 9 my m9d & grew1 & at l5g? ! idea became a reality4 ,i did n take ! %orte/ r\te on my return j\rney to ,london4 ,i desir$ to pass ?r\gh ! mo/ int]e/+ & picturesque places )\t unduly div]g+ f ! "r direction4 ,i wi%$ to see ! v5]able build+s & ca!drals ( ! old5 "t1 z well z ! eng9e]+ e/abli%m5ts ( ! new4 ,not)/&+ my love = me*anics ,i /ill reta9$ a spice ( ! antiqu>ian feel+4 ,x enabl$ me to look back to ! remote pa/1 into ! mat]ial records ( man's ef=ts hundr$s ( ye>s ago1 & contra/ !m ) ! mod]n progress ( arts & sci5ces4 ,i 0 especially int]e/$ 9 ! ar*itecture ( bygone ages2 b "h1 alas6 arts & sci5ces h done no?+4 ,mod]n ,go?ic ar*itecture is m]ely an imitation ( ! old1 & (t5 a v bad imitation4 ,ev5 anci5t dome/ic ar*itecture is mu* sup]ior to ! mod]n4 ,we c n[ only imitate x2 & (t5 spoil :5 imitat+4 ,i left ,man*e/] & turn$ my /eps 9 ! direction ( ,coalbrookdale4 ,i pass$ ?r\gh a highly picturesque c\ntry1 9 :i* ,i enjoy$ ! sight ( _m old timb] h\ses1 mo/ attractive subjects = my p5cil4 ,my r\te lay ?r\gh ,:it*ur*1 ,wem1 & ,well+ton2 !n pa/ ! ,wrek9 to ,coalbrookdale4 ,be=e arriv+ !re ,i saw ! fir/ iron bridge con/ruct$ 9 ,engl&1 an object ( hi/orical int]e/ 9 t class ( /ructures4 ,x 0 because ( ! sup]b quality ( ! ca/+s produc$ at ,coalbrookdale t ! ironma/]s !re 7 able to accompli% ! build+ ( a bridge ( t mat]ial1 :i* be=e _h baffl$ all projectors bo? at home & abroad ,i possess$ a lett] ( introduction to ! manag]1 & 0 receiv$ by him mo/ cordially4 ,he p]mitt$ me to exam9e ! works4 ,i 0 greatly int]e/$ at ! sight ( ! processes ( ca/+4 ,_m beautiful objects 7 turn$ out = ar*itectural1 dome/ic1 & o!r purposes4 ,i saw no?+ p>ticul>ly novel1 h[ev]1 9 ! me?ods & processes ( m\ld+ & ca/+4 ,! excell5ce ( ! "w dep5d$ = ! mo/ "p ^u ! great c>e & skill ex]cis$ by ! workm5 ( ! f\ndry4 ,!y seem$ to vie ) ea* o!r 9 turn+ out ! be/ ca/+s1 & _! models or patt]ns 7 made ) ! utmo/ c>e4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly impress$ ) ! *e]ful zeal & activity ( ! workm5 & =em5 ( ?is ju/ly celebrat$ e/abli%m5t4 ,on leav+ ,coalbrookdale ,i trudg$ my way t[>ds ,wolv]hampton4 ,i re/$ at ,%iffnal = ! night4 ,next day ,i 0 9 ! middle ( ! ,black ,c\ntry4 ,i _h no lett]s ( introduction to employ]s 9 ,wolv]hampton2 s t1 )\t /opp+ !re1 ,i proce$$ at once to ,dudley4 ,! ,black ,c\ntry is any?+ b picturesque4 ,! e>? seems to h be5 turn$ inside out4 ,its entrails are /rewn ab\t2 ne>ly ! entire surface ( ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) c9d]-heaps & m\nds ( scoriae4 ,! coal :i* has be5 drawn f bel[ gr\nd is blaz+ on ! surface4 ,! di/rict is cr[d$ ) iron furnaces1 puddl+ furnaces1 & coal-pit eng9e furnaces4 ,by day & by night ! c\ntry is gl[+ ) fire1 & ! smoke ( ! ironworks hov]s ov] x4 ,!re is a rumbl+ & clank+ ( iron =ges & roll+ mills4 ,workm5 cov]$ ) smut1 & ) fi]ce :ite eyes1 are se5 mov+ ab\t among/ ! gl[+ iron & ! dull ?ud ( =ge-hamm]s4 ,amid/ ^! flam+1 smoky1 clang+ works1 ,i beheld ! rema9s ( :at _h once be5 happy f>mh\ses1 n[ ru9$ & des]t$4 ,! gr\nd und]nea? !m _h sunk by ! work+ out ( ! coal1 & !y 7 fall+ to pieces4 ,!y _h 9 =m] times be5 surr\nd$ by clumps ( trees2 b only ! skeletons ( !m rema9$1 dead1 black1 & leafless4 ,! grass _h be5 p>*$ & kill$ by ! vap\rs ( sulphur\s acid ?r[n out by ! *imneys2 & e h]bace\s object 0 ( a gha/ly gray--! emblem ( vegetable dea? 9 its sadde/ aspect4 ,vulcan _h driv5 out ,c]es4 ,9 "s places ,i he>d a sort ( *irrup+ s\nd1 z ( "s =lorn bird haunt+ ! ru9s ( ! old f>m/eads4 ,b no6 ! *irrup 0 a vile delusion4 ,x proce$$ f ! %rill creak+ ( ! coal-w9d+ *a9s1 :i* 7 plac$ 9 small tunnels b5ea? ! h$geless road4 ,i w5t into "s ( ! =ges to see ! workm5 at _! lab\rs4 ,!re 0 no ne$ ( introduction2 ! works 7 op5 to all1 = !y 7 unsurr\nd$ by walls4 ,i saw ! :ite-hot iron run out f ! furnace2 ,i saw x spun1 z x 71 into b>s & iron ribb&s1 ) an ease & rapidity :i* seem$ m>vell\s4 ,!re 7 also ! pond]\s hamm]s & clank+ roll+-mills4 ,i w&]$ f "o to ano!r )\t re/ra9t4 ,i l+]$ among ! bla/ furnaces1 see+ ! flood ( molt5 iron run out f "t to "t1 & rema9$ !re until x 0 late4 ,:5 x became d>k ! sc5e 0 /ill m impressive4 ,! workm5 )9 seem$ to be runn+ ab\t amid/ ! flames z 9 a p&emonium2 :ile ar\nd & outside ! horizon 0 a gl[+ belt ( fire1 mak+ ev5 ! />s look pale & feeble4 ,at la/ ,i came away ) reluctance1 & made my way t[>ds ,dudley4 ,i rea*$ ! t[n at a late h\r4 ,i 0 exhau/$ 9 m9d & body1 yet ! day _h be5 mo/ int]e/+ & excit+4 ,a s\nd sleep refre%$ me1 & ,i 0 up 9 ! morn+ e>ly1 to recomm5ce my j\rney ( inquiry1 ,i made my way to ! impressive ru9s ( ,dudley ,ca/le1 ! remnant ( a v anci5t /ronghold1 orig9ally built by ,dud1 ! ,saxon4 ,! ca/le is situat$ on a f9ely wood$ hill2 x is s ext5sive t x m resembles ! ru9s ( a t[n ?an ( a s+le build+4 ,y ent] ?r\gh a treble gateway1 & see ! remnants ( ! moat1 ! c\rt1 & ! keep4 ,"h are ! c5tral hall1 ! gu>d1 rooms1 & ! *apel4 ,x mu/ h be5 a magnific5t /ructure4 ,9 ! ,midl&s x 0 kn[n z ! ,ca/le ( ! ,woods ,n[ x is ab&on$ by its own]s1 & surr\nd$ by ! ,black ,c\ntry4 ,x is und]m9$ by colli]ies1 & ev5 p5etrat$ by a canal4 ,! ca/le walls sometimes tremble :5 a bla/ occurs 9 ! b[els ( ! m\nta9 b5ea?4 ,! t[n ( ,dudley lies q close to ! ca/le1 & 0 d\btless protect$ by x 9 anci5t times4 ,! ar*itectural rema9s are ( v>i\s degrees ( antiquity1 & are well wor?y ( /udy1 z embody+ ! successive p]iods :i* !y repres5t4 ,_! melan*oly gr&eur is r5d]$ all ! m impressive by ! coal & iron works ) :i* !y are surr\nd$-- ! old5 type ( build+s confront+ ! mod]n4 ,! v5]able trees /ruggle = exi/5ce "u ! de/roy+ influ5ce ( sulphur\s acid2 :ile ! grass is )]$ & ! vegetation ev]y:]e blight$4 ,i sat d[n on an elevat$ "p ( ! ru9s1 & look$ d[n ^u ! ext5sive di/rict1 ) its ro>+ & blaz+ furnaces1 ! smoke ( :i* black5$ ! c\ntry z f> z ! eye c\ld rea*2 & z ,i wat*$ ! decay+ trees ,i ?\ght ( ! price we _h to pay = our vaunt$ supremacy 9 ! manufacture ( iron4 ,we may fill our purses1 b we pay a heavy price = x 9 ! loss ( picturesqu5ess & beauty4 ,i left ! ca/le ) reluctance1 & proce$$ to inspect ! lime/one qu>ries 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! lime/one has long be5 work$ out f und]nea? ! ca/le2 b n f> f x is ,wr5's ,ne/ ,hill1 a m\nta9 ( lime/one4 ,! wr5s h left1 b ! qu>ries are !re4 ,! walk to ! hill is along gre5 lanes & ov] quiet fields4 ,i ent]$ "o ( ! qu>ries op5$ out 9 ! slop+ precipice1 & p5etrat$ z f> z ! glimm] ( sunlight enabl$ me to see my way4 ,b ! s\nd ( ! dripp+ ( wat] f ! root ( ! cave w>n$ me t ,i 0 approa*+ "s deep pool1 into :i* a false /ep might plunge me4 ,i !re=e kept )9 ! light ( day4 ,an occasional ray ( ! sun lit up ! enorm\s rock pill>s :i* ! qu>rym5 _h left to support ! ro(4 ,x 0 a mo/ impressive sight4 ,hav+ em]g$ f ! subt]ranean cave1 ,i proce$$ on my way to ,birm+ham4 ,i rea*$ ! t[n 9 ! ev5+1 & f\nd mo/ com=table qu>t]s4 ,on ! foll[+ day ,i visit$ "s ( ! factories :]e processes 7 c>ri$ on 9 connection ) ! ,birm+ham trade4 ,i saw ! mills :]e %eet brass & copp] 7 roll$ = ! purpose ( be+ plat$ ) silv]4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 ^! processes ( novel int]e/1 ?\gh ,i pick$ up _m practical h9ts4 ,i c\ld n fail to be attract$ by ! dext]\s & rapid manipulation ( ! "w 9 h&1 ev5 by boys & girls ^: quick sight & nimble f+]s 7 educat$ to a high degree ( p]fection4 ,i c\ld h sp5t a mon? pr(itably among ! va/ v>iety ( small trad]s 9 metal1 ( :i* ,birm+ham is ! headqu>t]s4 ,ev5 9 :at is call$ ! toy trade1 ,i f\nd a va/ am\nt ( skill display$ 9 ! production ( goldsmi? "w1 9 e>r+s1 broo*es1 gold *a9s1 r+s1 beads1 & glass eyes = /uff$ birds1 dolls1 & m54 ,i 0 especially attract$ by ,soho1 once ! fam\s manufactur+ e/abli%m5t ( ,b\lton & ,watt4 ,al?\gh ?is 0 n ! bir?place99 footnote444 ,! bir?place ( ! cond5s+ eng9e ( ,watt 0 ! work%op 9 ! ,glasg[ ,univ]sity1 :]e he fir/ contriv$ & us$ a sep>ate cond5s]--! true & vital elem5t 9 ,watt's inv5tion4 ,! cond5s] aft]w>ds atta9$ its true effective manhood at ,soho ,! ,newcom5 eng9e 0 9 fact a cond5s+ eng9e1 b z ! cond5sation 0 effect$ inside ! /eam cyl9d] x 0 a v co/ly s\rce ( p[] 9 respect to /eam4 ,watt's happy idea ( cond5s+ 9 a sep>ate vessel remov$ ! defect4 ,?is 0 fir/ done 9 8 exp]im5tal eng9e 9 ! ,glasg[ ,univ]sity work%op1 & be=e he _h made ! "o at ,k9niel = ,dr4 ,roebuck4 444 ( ! cond5s+ /eam-eng9e x 0 ! place :]e x atta9$ its full manhood ( effici5cy1 & became ! s\rce & orig9 ( ,engli% manufactur+ p[]4 ,watt's eng9e has _h a great] influ5ce on ! productive arts ( mank9d ?an any o!r t c be nam$4 ,b\lton also 0 a ?or\gh man ( bus9ess1 )\t :om1 p]haps1 ,watt c\ld nev] h made 8 way aga9/ ! _w1 or p]fect$ 8 magnific5t inv5tion4 ,n less int]e/+ to my m9d 0 ! memory ( t incomp>able me*anic1 ,william ,murdo*1 a man ( indomitable en]gy1 & ,watt's "r-h& man 9 ! highe/ practical s5se4 ,murdo* 0 ! inv5tor ( ! fir/ model locomotive1 & ! inv5tor ( gas = light+ purposes2 & yet he always kept himself 9 ! backgr\nd1 = he 0 excessively mode/4 ,he 0 happie/ :5 he c\ld be/ promote ! welf>e ( ! great h\se ( ,b\lton & ,watt4 ,inde$ he 0 a man ^: memory ought to be held 9 ! highe/ reg>d by all true eng9e]s & me*anics4 ,! sight :i* ,i obta9$ ( ! va/ s]ies ( work%ops ( ?is celebrat$ e/abli%m5t--fill$ ) evid5ces ( ! me*anical g5ius ( ^! ma/] m9ds--made me feel t ,i 0 inde$ on classic gr\nd 9 reg>d to ev]y?+ connect$ ) /eam-eng9e ma*9]y4 ,"s ( ! eng9es design$ by ,watt--! prototypes ( ! p[]ful cond5s+ eng9es ( ! pres5t day--7 /ill p]=m+ _! daily quota ( "w4 ,!re 0 ,old ,bess1 a sort ( exp]im5tal eng9e1 ^u :i* ,watt _h tri$ _m adaptations & alt]ations1 = ! purpose ( suit+ x = pump+ wat] f coal m9es4 ,!re 0 also ! eng9e ) ! sun-&-planet motion1 an inv5tion ( ,william ,murdo*'s4 ,bo? ( ^! eng9es 7 /ill at "w4 ,i w5t ?r\gh ! work%ops1 :]e ,i 0 specially int]e/$ by see+ ! action ( ! ma*9e tools4 ,!re ,i obs]v$ ,murdo*'s admirable sy/em ( transmitt+ p[] f "o c5tral eng9e to o!r small vacuum eng9es atta*$ to ! individual ma*9es !y 7 set to "w4 ,! p[] 0 communicat$ by pipes l$ f ! c5tral air or exhau/ pump to small vacuum or atmosph]ic eng9es devot$ to ! driv+ ( ea* sep>ate ma*9e1 ?us do+ away ) all %aft+ & lea!r belts1 ! requir$ spe$ be+ kept up or modifi$ at pleasure )\t 9 any way int]f]+ ) ! o!r ma*9es4 --,?is vacuum me?od ( transmitt+ p[] dates f ! "t ( ,pap92 b until x receiv$ ! ma/]ly t\* ( ,murdo* x rema9$ a dead contrivance = m ?an a c5tury4 ,i conclud$ my visits to ! work%ops ( ,birm+ham by call+ ^u a little kn[n b v +5i\s man1 ^: "w ,i _h se5 be=e ,i left ,ed9burgh1 9 a beautifully con/ruct$ foot turn+-la! made by ,john ,dra94 ,i 0 s mu* impress$ ) ! exquisite design1 execution1 & complet5ess ( ! la!1 t ,i made x "o ( my *ief objects to f9d out ,john ,dra9's work%op4 ,x 0 ) "s difficulty t ,i f\nd him4 ,he 0 little kn[n 9 ,birm+ham4 ,8 work%ops 7 v small2 !y consi/$ ( only "o or two rooms4 ,8 exquisite la!s 7 n mu* 9 dem&4 ,!y f\nd _! way *iefly to di/ant p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 :]e !y 7 highly e/eem$4 ,i f\nd t he _h "s exquisitely f9i%$ la!s complet$ & 9 h& = engrav+ ! /eel plates = pr9t+ bank notes4 ,!y 7 provid$ ) ! means ( produc+ su* intricate ornam5tal patt]ns z to defy ! utmo/ skill ( ! =g]4 ,p]k9s _h done a good deal 9 ! same way2 b ,dra9's exquisite me*anism enabl$ 8 engrav+ la!s to surpass any?+ t _h be=e be5 attempt$ 9 ! same l9e4 ,i believe t ,dra9's e>ne/ att5tion to 8 "w1 9 :i* he _h little or no assi/ance1 und]m9$ 8 heal?1 & arre/$ ! c>e] ( "o :o1 _h he liv$1 w\ld h atta9$ ! highe/ position 9 8 pr(ession4 ,i %all nev] =get ! r>e treat :i* 8 f9e me*anism af=d$ me4 ,its prom95t quality 0 absolute tru? & accuracy 9 e "p4 ,hav+ n[ _h en\gh ( ! ,black ,c\ntry & ( ,birm+ham work%ops1 ,i proce$$ t[>ds ,london4 ,!re 7 no m manufactur+ di/ricts to be visit$4 ,ev]y?+ n[ 0 to be gre5 lanes1 maje/ic trees1 old mansions1 v5]able ca/les1 & picturesque sc5]y4 ,!re is no way ( see+ a c\ntry prop]ly except on foot4 ,by railway y :iz pa/ & see no?+4 ,ev5 by coa* ! be/ p>ts ( ! sc5]y are unse54 ,%ank's naig is ! be/ ( all me?ods1 provid$ y h "t4 ,i _h /ill "s days to sp>e be=e ! conclusion ( my holiday4 ,i !re=e desir$ to see "s ( ! beautiful sc5]y & objects ( antiqu>ian int]e/ be=e return+ to "w4 ,i made my way across c\ntry to ,k5ilwor?4 ,! wea!r 0 f9e1 & ! walk 0 p]fect4 ,! wayside 0 bord]$ by grassy sw>d4 ,wide & irregul> m>g9s ext5d$ on ea* side ( ! road1 & noble trees & untr9nn$ h$ges1 9 _! gl[+ autumnal t9t1 ext5d$ f> & wide4 ,ev]y?+ 0 9 ! mo/ glori\sly neglect$ & !re=e highly picturesque condition4 ,"h & !re old f>mh\ses & lab\r]s' cottages peep$ up f amid/ ! trees & h$ges-- wor?y ( ! l&scape pa9t]'s highe/ skill4 ,i rea*$ ,k5ilwor? ab\t half an h\r be=e sunset4 ,i made my way direct to ! ca/le1 glori\s 9 its decay4 ,! f9e mell[ gl[ ( ! sett+ sun lit up ! gr& & ext5sive ru9s4 ,! massive ,norman keep /ood up ) melan*oly dignity1 & attract$ my att5tion m ?an any o!r "p ( ! ru9$ build+4 ,to me !re is an impressiv5ess 9 ! simple massive dignity ( ! ,norman ca/les & ca!drals1 :i* no o!r build+s possess4 ,!re is an expression ( t]rible e>ne/ness ab\t !m4 ,! la/ look ,i _h ( ! ,norman keep 0 gr&4 ,! elevat$ "p 0 ri*ly t9t$ ) ! la/ gl[ ( ! sett+ sun1 :ile ! outl9e ( ! build+s b5ea? 0 %ad$ by a d>k purply gray4 ,x 0 inde$ a sight nev] to be =gott54 ,i wait$ until ! sun _h desc5d$ b5ea? ! horizon1 /ill leav+ its glimm] ( p9k & crimson & gray1 & !n ,i betook me to ! little inn 9 ! village1 :]e ,i obta9$ com=table qu>t]s = ! night4 ,i visit$ ! ru9s aga9 9 ! morn+4 ,al?\gh ! glory ( ! previ\s ev5+ _h dep>t$1 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ 9 obs]v+ ! v>i\s /yles ( ar*itecture adopt$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! build+s--"s old1 "s comp>atively new4 ,i f\nd ! old] m gr& & massive1 & ! new]1 ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 want+ 9 dignity ( design1 & ! workman%ip v inf]ior4 ,! reign ( ,%oddy _h already begun be=e ,cromwell laid ! ca/le 9 ru9s4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! day ,i proce$$ to ,w>wick4 ,i pass$ along ! same delightful grass-bord]$ roads1 %ad$ by noble trees4 ,i rea*$ ! gr& old t[n1 ) its antique build+s & its noble ca/le-- s fam\s 9 ,engli% hi/ory4 ,leav+ ! place ) reluctance1 ,i left x late 9 ! aft]noon to trudge on to ,ox=d4 ,b soon aft] ,i />t$ ! ra9 began to fall4 ,x 0 ! fir/ int]ruption to my walk+ j\rney :i* ,i _h enc\nt]$ dur+ my ?ree weeks' abs5ce f ,london4 ,z x appe>$ f ! d>k cl\ds ov]head t a wet night _h set 91 ,i took %elt] 9 a wayside inn at a place call$ ,/eeple ,a/on4 ,my clo!s 7 dripp+ wet2 & aft] a glass ( v hot rum & wat] ,i w5t to b$1 & _h a s\nd sleep4 ,next morn+ x 0 fair & bright4 ,aft] a sub/antial homely breakfa/ ,i set out aga94 ,nature 0 refre%$ by ! /eady ra9 ( ! previ\s night1 & ! day 0 beautiful4 ,i rea*$ ,d$d+ton & /ay$ !re = ! night1 & e>ly next morn+ ,i set out = ,ox=d4 ,i 0 greatly excit$ by ! fir/ sight ,i _h ( ! cr[d ( t[]s & spires ( t le>n$ & illu/ri\s city4 ,nor 7 my expectations at all disappo9t$ by a ne>] approa* to ! colleges ( ,ox=d4 ,aft] a mo/ int]e/+ visit to ! be/ ( ! build+s1 ,i took 9 a1 fair idea ( ! admirable details ( ?is noble city1 & left 9 ! aft]noon ( next day4 ,i visit$1 on my way to ,?ame1 ! old *ur* ( ,iffley4 ,i 0 attract$ to x by ! f9e old ,norman "w x conta9s1 :i* ,i f\nd mo/ qua9t & picturesque4 ,i slept at ,?ame = ! night1 & next day walk$ to ,w9dsor4 ,i arriv$ !re at sunset1 & _h a f9e view ( ! ext]ior ( ! ca/le & ! surr\nd+ build+s4 ,i 01 h[ev]1 mu* disappo9t$ on exam9+ ! ar*itectural details4 ,9 sight ( ! noble trees ab\t ! ca/le1 & ! magnific5t prospect f ! t]race1 ,i saw mu* t t5d$ to make up = ! disgu/ ,i felt at ! way 9 :i* all t 0 s appropriate & *>act]i/ic 9 s hi/oric a place z ,w9dsor ,ca/le %\ld h be5 tamp]$ ) & rubb$ out by ! wret*$ conceit ( ! wor/ ar*itects ( our wor/ ar*itectural p]iod4 ,i left ,w9dsor next morn+1 & walk$ direct = ,london4 ,my "t 0 up1 b n my money4 ,i _h tak5 eight sov]eigns on sett+ out f ,london to ,liv]pool by coa*1 & ,i br\ght "o sov]eign back ) me4 ,r ?an break into x ,i walk$ all ! way f ,w9dsor to ,london )\t halt+ = refre%m5t my entire exp5diture dur+ my ?ree weeks' j\rney 0 ?us sev5 p\nds4 ,:5 ,i look back ^u t t\r1 ,i feel t ,i 0 amply rew>d$4 ,x 0 ?r\gh\t delightful & in/ructive4 ,! remembrance ( x is z cle> 9 my m9d n[ z if ,i _h p]=m$ ! j\rney la/ ye> in/ead ( fifty ye>s ago4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( details t pass be=e my m9d's eye t w\ld take a volume to enun]ate4 ,i br\ght back a book full ( sket*es2 = graphic memor&a are mu* bett] fitt$ ?an writt5 words to br+ up a ho/ ( pleasant recollections & associations4 ,i came back refre%$ = "w1 & possess$ by an anxi\s desire to press =w>d 9 ! c>e] ( indu/ry :i* ,i _h set be=e me to accompli%4 ,,*apt] #aj4 ,beg9 ,bus9ess at ,man*e/] ,mr4 ,maudslay arriv$ f ,b]l9 two days aft] my return to ,london4 ,he1 too1 _h enjoy$ 8 holiday4 ,dur+ 8 /ay 9 ,b]l9 he _h made ! fri5d%ip ( ! di/+ui%$ ,humboldt4 ,%5kel1 ! ar*itect1 _h be5 v k9d to him1 & pres5t$ him ) a set ( draw+s & engrav+s ( 8 great ar*itectural works1 :i* ,mr4 ,maudslay exhibit$ to me ) mu* delight4 ,:at he mo/ admir$ 9 ,%5kel 0 ! great range ( 8 tal5t 9 all matt]s ( design1 8 m9ute att5tion to detail1 & 8 f9e arti/ic feel+4 ,soon aft] ,mr4 ,maudslay's return1 a v int]e/+ job 0 br\ght to him1 9 :i* he took ev5 m ?an 8 usual int]e/4 ,x 0 a ma*9e :i* 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,b>ton1 ( ! ,royal ,m9t1 _h obta9$ f ,france4 ,x 0 int5d$ to cut or engrave ! /eel dies us$ = /amp+ co94 ,x 0 a rem>kable & int]e/+ specim5 ( inv5tive +5uity4 ,x copi$ any object 9 relief :i* _h be5 ca/ 9 pla/] ( ,p>is or brass f ! arti/'s orig9al wax model4 ,! m9ute/ detail 0 transf]r$ to s(t /eel dies ) absolute accuracy4 ,?is rem>kable ma*9e c\ld copy & cut /eel dies ei!r 9 intaglio or 9 cameo ( any size1 &1 9 %ort1 enabl$ ! me*anic :o manag$ x to transf] ! mo/ m9ute & *>act]i/ic t\*es ( ! orig9al model to ! /eel dies = any v>iety ( size ( co94 ,nev]!less1 ! execution ( "s ( ! details ( ! ma*9e 7 s defective1 t aft] giv+ ! mo/ tempt+ pro( ( its capabilities at ! ,royal ,m9t1 ,mr4 ,b>ton f\nd x absolutely necess>y to place x 9 ,maudslay's h&s1 9 ord] to h its details ?or\ghly ov]haul$1 & made z me*anically p]fect z its design & int5tion m]it$4 ,?is int]e/+ ma*9e 0 accord+ly br\ght to ! private work%op1 & plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! lead+ me*anic1 :om ,i _h ! pleasure ( be+ associat$ )1 ,james ,%]riff1 "o ( our mo/ skill$ workm54 ,we 7 bo? put to our mettle4 ,x 0 a job q to my ta/e1 & be+ associat$ ) s skill$ a workman z ,%]riff1 & 9 con/ant communication ) ,mr4 ,maudslay1 ,i _h e opportunity ( br++ my be/ manipulative ability into action & use :ile p]fect+ ?is beautiful ma*9e4 ,x is suffici5t to say t by our unit$ ef=ts1 by ! te*nical details sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,maudslay & c>ri$ out by u1 & by ! practical trials made "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,mr4 ,wyon ( ! ,m9t1 ! app>atus 0 at l5g? made p]fect & p]=m$ its duty to ! satisfaction ( e "o conc]n$4 ,mr4 ,maudslay _h next a pair ( #bjj horse-p[] m>9e eng9es put 9 h&4 ,8 sons & p>tn]s 7 r oppos$ to s exp5sive a piece ( "w be+ und]tak5 )\t an ord]4 ,at t "t su* a p[] z #bjj horse nom9al 0 sc>cely ?\ght (2 & ! ,admiralty ,bo>d 7 v cauti\s 9 ord]+ m>9e eng9es ( any sort4 ,nev]!less1 ! eng9es 7 proce$$ ) & p]fect$4 ,!y =m$ a noble object 9 ! great erect+ %op4 ,!y embodi$ 9 e detail all ,mr4 ,maudslay's late/ improvem5ts4 ,9 fact ! "w 0 ! sum total ( ! great ma/]'s inv5tions & adaptations 9 m>9e eng9es4 ,! ,admiralty at la/ secur$ !m = ! purpose ( be+ plac$ 9 a v f9e vessel1 ! ,dee1 !n 9 c\rse ( con/ruction4 ,mr4 ,maudslay 0 s mu* pleas$ ) ! result t he _h a v beautiful model made ( ! eng9es2 & f9d+ t ,i _h "s arti/ic skill z a draughtsman1 he set me to "w to make a complete p]spective draw+ ( _! great eng9es z !y /ood all p]fect 9 ! erect+-%op4 ,?is 0 a "w entirely to my ta/e4 ,9 due "t ,i complet$ a graphic portrait ( ^! noble eng9es1 treat$1 ,i hope1 9 an arti/ic _s4 ,inde$1 su* a class ( draw+ 0 r>ely to be _h f any eng9e]+ draughtsman4 ,m]e geometrical draw+ c\ld n give a prop] idea1 z a :ole1 ( s gr& a piece ( me*anism4 ,x requir$ some?+ ( ! arti/ic _s to fairly repres5t x4 ,at all ev5ts my p]=mance won ! entire approval ( my ma/]4 ,mr4 ,maudslay 0 a man ( a wide range ( me*anical abilities4 ,he 0 always ready to ent] ^u any new "w requir+ ! ex]cise ( special skill4 ,x did n matt] :e!r x 0 ma*9e tools1 engrav+ dies1 block ma*9]y1 or a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,:ile at ,b]l9 he w5t to see ! ,royal ,obs]vatory4 ,he 0 naturally mu* int]e/$ by ! f9e in/rum5ts !re--! works ( ,repsoldt & ,h]tz1 ! pione]s ( improv$ a/ronomical workman%ip4 ,! cont95tal in/rum5t mak]s 7 !n f> 9 advance ( ^? ( ,engl&4 ,mr4 ,maudslay 0 greatly impress$ ) ! sight ( ! f9e in/rum5ts 9 ! ,b]l9 ,obs]vatory4 ,he 0 p]mitt$ to obs]ve "s ( ! mo/ /rik+ & rem>kable ( ! heav5ly bodies-- ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 & ! ,moon4 ,x 0 almo/ a new revelation to him2 = ! subject 0 entirely novel4 ,to be able to make su* in/rum5ts seem$ to him to be a glori\s a*ievem5t ( ref9$ me*anism & manipulative skill4 ,he return$ home full ( ! wond]ful sights he _h se54 ,x 0 a con/ant s\rce ( pleasure to him to dwell ^u ! spl5d\r & magnific5ce ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,he became anxi\s to possess a p[]ful telescope ( 8 own4 ,8 pr9cipal difficulty 0 9 procur+ a l5s ( consid]able diamet]1 possess$ ( high p]fection ( def9+ p[]4 ,i sugge/$ to him ! employm5t ( a reflect+ telescope1 by means ( :i* ! difficulties connect$ ) ! employm5t ( glass c\ld be avoid$4 ,?is sugge/ion 0 bas$ ^u "s k ,i _h acquir$ respect+ ?is dep>tm5t ( ref9$ me*anical art4 ,i knew t ! eld] ,h]s*el _h by ?is means va/ly advanc$ our k ( ! heav5ly bodies1 inde$ to an ext5t f> beyond :at _h be5 a*iev$ by ! mo/ p]fect ( glass l5s in/rum5ts4 ,mr4 ,maudslay 0 int]e/$ 9 ! idea ,i sugge/$2 & he reque/$ me to %[ him :at ,i knew ( ! art ( comp\nd+ ! alloy call$ speculum metal4 ,he wi%$ to "k h[ s brittle a mat]ial c\ld be ca/ & gr\nd & poli%$1 & kept free f flaws or defects ( e k9d4 ,i accord+ly ca/ = him a speculum ( #h in*es diamet]4 ,i gr\nd & poli%$ x1 & _h x fitt$ up 9 a tempor>y mann] to exhibit its optical capabilities1 :i* 7 really ( no mean ord]4 ,b1 z 8 ambition 0 to h a gr& & p[]ful in/rum5t ( n less ?an #bd in*es diamet]1 ! prep>ation = su* a speculum became a subject to him ( ! highe/ int]e/4 ,he began to look out = a prop] position = 8 project$ obs]vatory4 ,he made inquiry ab\t a resid5ce at ,norwood1 :]e he ?\ght 8 in/rum5t might h fair play4 ,x w\ld !re be free f ! smoke & di/urb+ elem5ts ( su* a place z ,lambe?4 ,8 m9d 0 full ( ?is idea :5 he 0 call$ away by ! claims ( affection to visit a de> old fri5d at ,b\logne4 ,he rema9$ !re = m ?an a week1 until assur$ ( 8 fri5d's convalesc5ce4 ,b on 8 return voyage across ! ,*annel he caught a sev]e cold4 ,on rea*+ ,london he took to 8 b$ & nev] left x alive4 ,aft] ?ree or f\r weeks' suff]+ he di$ on ! #ad? ( ,febru>y #ahca4 ,x 0 a v sad ?+ = me to lose my de> old ma/]4 ,he 0 s good & s k9d to me 9 all ways4 ,he treat$ me l a fri5d & companion4 ,he 0 always g5]\s1 manly1 & upright 9 8 deal+s ) ev]ybody4 ,h[ 8 workm5 lov$ him2 h[ 8 fri5ds lam5t$ him6 ,he direct$1 be=e 8 dea?1 t he %\ld be buri$ 9 ,woolwi* ,*ur*y>d1 :]e a ca/ iron tomb1 made to 8 own design1 0 erect$ ov] 8 rema9s4 ,he _h ev] a w>m he>t = ,woolwi*1 :]e he _h be5 born & br\ght up4 ,he began 8 life z a me*anic !re1 & work$ 8 way /eadily upw>ds until he rea*$ ! highe/ po9t ( 8 pr(ession4 ,he (t5 return$ to ,woolwi* aft] he _h left x2 sometimes to pay a %>e ( 8 week's wages to 8 "m1 :ile %e liv$2 sometimes to revisit ! sc5]y ( 8 y\?4 ,he lik$ ! gre5 common1 ) ! soldi]s ab\t x2 ,%oot]'s ,hill1 ) its wide look-out ov] ,k5t & d[n ! valley ( ! ,?ames2 ! riv] busy ) %ipp+2 ! ,docky>d :>f1 ) ! royal craft load+ & unload+ _! armam5ts4 ,he lik$ ! clang\r ( ! ars5al smi?y1 :]e he _h fir/ le>n$ 8 art2 & all ! busy indu/ry ( ! place4 ,x 0 natural1 !re=e1 t be+ s pr\d ( 8 e>ly connection ) ,woolwi* he %\ld wi% 8 rema9s to be laid !re2 & ,woolwi*1 on its "p1 has equal reason to be pr\d ( ,h5ry ,maudslay4 ,aft] ! dea? ( my ma/] ,i pass$ ov] to ! s]vice ( 8 wor?y p>tn]1 ,jo%ua ,field4 ,i _h an equal pleasure 9 work+ "u him4 ,8 k9dness 9 "s degree mitigat$ ! sad loss ,i _h su/a9$ by ! dea? ( my lam5t$ fri5d & employ]4 ,! fir/ "w ,i _h to p]=m = ,mr4 ,field 0 to assi/ him 9 mak+ ! work+ draw+s ( a #bjj horse-p[] cond5s+ /eam-eng9e1 ord]$ by ! ,lambe? ,wat]works ,company4 ,! practical acqua9tance :i* ,i _h by ?is "t acquir$ ( ! me*anism ( /eam-eng9es enabl$ me to s]ve ,mr4 ,field 9 a satisfactory mann]4 ,i drew out 9 full practical detail ! r\gh b excell5t h& sket*es ) :i* he suppli$ me4 ,!y 7 h&$ out = execution 9 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! factory2 & ,i communicat$ ) ! =em5 z to ! details & workman%ip4 ,:ile ,i 0 occupi$ beside ,mr4 ,field 9 mak+ ^! work+ draw+s1 he gave me _m mo/ valuable h9ts z to ! design+ ( ma*9]y 9 g5]al4 ,9 aft] ye>s ,i _h _m opportunities ( mak+ good use ( !m4 ,"o po9t he (t5 impress$ ^u me4 ,x 01 he said1 mo/ important to be> 9 m9d ! get-at-ability ( p>ts--t is1 :5 any "p ( a ma*9e 0 out ( repair1 x 0 requisite to get at x easily )\t tak+ ! ma*9e to pieces4 ,?is may appe> a v simple rem>k1 b ! neglect ( su* an arrangem5t occasions a va/ am\nt ( tr\ble1 delay1 & exp5se4 ,none b ^? :o h _h to d ) ! repair ( worn-out or damag$ p>ts ( ma*9]y c adequately value ! importance ( ?is subject4 ,i f\nd ,mr4 ,field to be a mo/ sy/ematic man 9 all bus9ess affairs4 ,i may specially "n "o ( 8 arrangem5ts :i* ,i 0 quick to take up & appreciate4 ,i c>ri$ x out ) great advantage 9 my aft] life4 ,x 01 to record subjects ( conv]sation by means ( graphic memor&a4 ,almo/ daily1 p]sons ( note came to consult ) him ab\t ma*9]y4 ,on ^! occasions ! consultations took place ei!r ) ref]5ce to propos$ new "w1 or z to ! progress ( ord]s !n 9 h&4 ,occasionally "s novel s*eme ( apply+ p[] 0 "u discussion1 or "s new me?od ( employ+ me*anism3 ,on ord9>y occasions r\gh & rapid sket*es are made on any /ray pieces ( wa/e pap] t 7 ab\t1 & aft] ! conv]sation is ov] ! pap]s are swept away into ! wa/e basket & de/roy$4 ,& yet "s ( ^! rapid draw+s involve matt]s ( great int]e/ & importance = aft] consultations4 ,to avoid su* losses1 ,mr4 ,field _h always plac$ ^u 8 table a talk+ book or graphic di>y4 ,:5 8 visitors call$ & ent]$ into conv]sation ) him ab\t me*anical matt]s1 he made rapid sket*es on ! successive pages ( ! book1 & ent]$ ! brief p>ticul>s & date ( ! conv]sation1 toge!r ) ! "n & address ( ! visitor4 ,s t a conv]sation1 once begun1 might aga9 be ref]r$ to1 &1 :5 ! visitor call$1 ! graphic memor&a might be recall$ )\t loss ( "t1 & ! consultation aga9 proce$$4 ,! pages ( ,mr4 ,field's talk+ books 7 9 _m ways mo/ int]e/+4 ,!y conta9$ data t1 9 future ye>s1 suppli$ valuable evid5ce 9 respect to fir/ sugge/ions ( me*anical contrivances1 & :i* sometimes 7 develop$ into v important results4 ,i may add t ,mr4 ,field kept ^! talk+ books on a %elf 9 front ( 8 draw+ table4 ,! back ( ea* volume 0 m>k$ ) ! ye> to :i* ! entries ref]r$1 & an index 0 app5d$ to ea*4 ,a g5]al index book 0 also plac$ at ! end ( ! goodly range ( ^! graphic records ( 8 pr(essional life4 ,! completion ( ! work+ draw+s ( ! ,lambe? pump+ eng9es occupi$ me until ,augu/ #ahca4 ,i _h !n arriv$ at my tw5ty-?ird ye>4 ,i _h no int5tion ( proce$+ fur!r z an assi/ant or a j\rneyman4 ,i int5d$ to beg9 bus9ess = my self4 ,( c\rse ,i c\ld only beg9 9 a v small way4 ,i in=m$ ,mr4 ,field ( my int5tion1 & he 0 gratifi$ ) my decision4 ,n only s2 b he k9dly p]mitt$ me to obta9 ca/+s ( "o ( ! be/ turn+-la!s 9 ! work%ops4 ,i knew ? at :5 ,i _h fitt$ x up x w\ld become ! p>5t ( a va/ prog5y ( desc5dants--n only 9 ! direct l9e1 b 9 plan+ ma*9es1 screw-cutt+ la!s1 & _m o!r m9or tools4 ,at ! end ( ! mon?1 aft] tak+ a grateful f>ewell ( ,mr4 ,field & 8 p>tn]s1 ,i set sail = ,lei? ) my /ock ( ca/+s1 & rea*$ ,ed9burgh 9 due "t4 ,9 ord] to proce$ ) ! con/ruction ( my ma*9e tools1 ,i r5t$ a small piece ( l& at ,old ,br\ghton4 ,x 0 at ! re> ( my wor?y fri5d ,george ,d\glass's small f\ndry1 & 0 only ab\t five m9utes' walk f my fa!r's h\se4 ,i erect$ a tempor>y work%op #bd feet long by #af feet wide4 ,i remov$ ?i!r my fa!r's foot-la!1 to :i* ,i _h previ\sly add$ an excell5t slide-re/ ( my own mak+4 ,i also add$ a sl[ motion1 :i* enabl$ me to turn ca/-iron & ca/-/eel portions ( my great ,maudslay la!4 ,i soon _h ! latt] complete & 9 action4 ,its fir/ *ild 0 a plan+ ma*9e capable ( execut+ surfaces 9 ! mo/ p]fect /yle--( #c feet long by #a foot #h in*es wide4 ,arm$ ) ^! two mo/ important & g5]ally useful tools1 & by "s special additions1 su* z bor+ ma*9es & drill+ ma*9es1 ,i soon _h a prog5y ( legitimate desc5dants cr[d$ ab\t my little work%op1 s t ,i (t5 did n "k :i* way to turn4 ,image ,my tempor>y work%op at ,ed9burgh ,i _h "o lab\r] to drive ! :eel :i* gave motion to my big la!2 b ,i 0 v mu* 9 want ( "s "o else to help me4 ,"o day a "y he>ty fell[ call$ ^u me4 ,he _h come f ! ,%otts ,iron ,company's ,works 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,hav+ he>d ( :at ,i 0 ab\t1 he (f]$ 8 s]vices4 ,:5 he told me t he _h be5 br$ z a millwright1 & t he c\ld h&le ! plane & ! saw z well z ! *isel & ! file1 ,i clos$ ) him at once4 ,he 0 to h fifte5 %ill+s a week4 ,i lik$ ! "y man v mu*--he 0 s he>ty & *e]ful4 ,8 "n 0 ,ar*ibald ,torry1 or ,ar*ie1 z he 0 g5]ally call$ dur+ ! tw5ty ye>s t he rema9$ 9 my s]vice ,i obta9$ ano!r assi/ant 9 ! p]son ( a "y man ^: fa!r wi%$ him to get an insight into practical eng9e]+4 ,i 0 (f]$ a premium ( #ej = twelve mon?s' exp]i5ce 9 my work%op4 ,i arrang$ to take ! "y man1 & to initiate him 9 ! g5]al pr9ciples & practice ( eng9e]+4 ,! #ej premium 0 a v useful help to me1 especially z ,i _h engag$ ! millwright4 ,x enabl$ me to pay ,torry's wages dur+ ! "t t he rema9$ ) me 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,i f\nd x necess>y1 h[ev]1 to take 9 "s "w 9 ! regul> way ( bus9ess1 9 ord] to supply me ) ! means ( complet+ my prop] supply ( tools4 ,! *ief ( ^! extrane\s &1 ,i may say1 di/urb+ jobs1 0 t ( con/ruct+ a rot>y /eam-eng9e4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,/e5 _h contriv$ & pat5t$ an eng9e ( ?is sort4 ,he 0 a dang]\sly en?usia/ic man1 & ent]ta9$ ! mo/ vision>y ideas z to /eam p[]4 ,he 0 ( op9ion t 8 own contrivance 0 m compact & simple1 & possess$ ( m capability ( produc+ p[] f ! consumption ( a giv5 quantity ( fuel1 ?an ! be/ /eam-eng9es !n 9 use4 ,i w>n$ him ( 8 error2 b no?+ b an actual pro( w\ld satisfy him4 ,he urg5tly reque/$ me to execute 8 ord]4,he made me a lib]al & tempt+ (f] ( weekly paym5ts = my "w dur+ ! progress ( 8 eng9e4 ,he only requir$ t ,i %\ld give 8 inv5tion ! b5efit ( my c>eful workman%ip4 ,he consid]$ t ?is w\ld be suffici5t to sub/antiate all 8 en?usia/ic expectations4 ,i 0 ?us s$uc$ to accept 8 ord]4 ,i made ! requisite draw+s1 & proce$$ ) ! "w4 ,at ! same "t my own ma*9e tools 7 9 progress1 ?\gh at a ret>d$ pace4 ,! weekly paym5ts we're regul>ly made1 & ,i 0 kept 9 a sort ( f9ancial ease4 ,aft] ?ree mon?s ! rot>y eng9e 0 f9i%$ to ! inv5tor's complete satisfaction4 ,b :5 ! p[] x gave out 0 comp>$ ) t ( a good ord9>y /eam-eng9e1 ! v]dict z to consumption ( fuel 0 aga9/ ! new rot>y eng9e4 ,nev]!less1 ! en?usia/ic projector1 ?o' vanqui%$ he w\ld argue /ill1 insi/$ t ! m]its ( 8 contrivance w\ld soon] or lat] cause x to be a mo/ =midable rival to ! crank /eam-eng9es4 ,z he 0 pleas$ ) its p]=mances1 ,i _h no reason to be dissatisfi$4 ,i _h done my "p 9 ! matt]1 & ,mr4 ,/e5 _h done 84 ,8 punctual weekly paym5ts _h assi/$ me 9 ! completion ( my tools2 & aft] a few mon?s m lab\r ,i _h ev]y?+ ready = />t+ bus9ess on my own acc\nt4 ,my *oice lay betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,man*e/]4 ,i _h se5 bo? ( ^! cities :ile on my visit to ,lanca%ire to witness ! op5+ ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway4 ,i n[ proce$$ to visit !m aga94 ,i 0 =tifi$ ) valuable introductions to lead+ m5 9 bo? places4 ,i 0 receiv$ by !m ) great k9dness & hospitality4 ,i h he>d a great deal ab\t ! +ratitude & selfi%ness ( ! _w4 ,x may h be5 my good =tune1 b ,i h nev] exp]i5c$ ei!r ( ^? unfeel+ conditions4 ,on ! :ole ,i h f\nd a great deal ( unselfi% k9dness among my fell[-be+s4 ,!y h (t5 turn$ out ( _! way to d me a s]vice2 & ,i c nev] be too grateful = ! unwe>i$ k9dness1 civility1 & g5]osity ( ! fri5ds ,i met ) dur+ my /ay 9 ,lanca%ire4 ,x 0 a "q :i* w\ld be ! be/ place to settle 9-- ,liv]pool or ,man*e/]4 ,i _h se5 /rik+ evid5ces ( ! natural aptitude ( ,lanca%ire workm5 = e sort ( me*anical employm5t1 & _h obs]v$ _! unsp>+ en]gy :ile at "w4 ,i comp>$ !m ) ! workm5 :om ,i _h se5 9 ,london1 & f\nd !m sup]ior4 ,!y 7 m5 ( great] en]gy ( "*2 _! m9ds 7 m capaci\s2 _! +5uity 0 m inv5tive4 ,i felt assur$ t 9 ei!r ,liv]pool or ,man*e/]--! c5tres ( comm]cial & manipulative en]gy--,i c\ld settle d[n ) my limit$ capital & tools1 & 9 c\rse ( "t contrive to get on1 help$ by en]gy1 self-reliance1 & det]m9ation4 ,i also f\nd t ! dem& = ma*9e-mak+ tools 0 consid]able1 & t _! production w\ld soon become an important dep>tm5t ( bus9ess4 ,x might be c>ri$ on ) little exp5diture ( capital1 z ! risks 7 small & ! returns 7 quick4 ,i resolv$ to cultivate t mod]ate & safe class ( me*anical bus9ess1 at all ev5ts at ! outset4 ,i fir/ w5t to ,liv]pool4 ,i pres5t$ my lett] ( introduction to ,mr4 ,roscoe1 head ( ! ,m]sey ,/eel & ,iron ,company4 ,he receiv$ me ) great k9dness1 & gave me mu* good advice4 ,i call$ ^u ,edw>d ,b]ry1 eng9e]1 & also ^u ,william ,fawcett1 :o _h receiv$ me ) s mu* k9dness on my =m] visit4 ,i _c omit m5tion+ also ! fri5dly reception :i* ,i receiv$ f ,dr4 ,sill>4 ,he _h be5 a m$ical /ud5t at ,ed9burgh1 & _h dur+ t "t met ) "s k9dness f my fa!r4 ,he express$ 8 remembrance ( x ) grateful effusion2 & add$ 8 p]sonal introduction1 ) t ( my lett]s1 to "s ( ! lead+ m5 9 ,liv]pool4 ,i may m5tion t ,dr4 ,sill> 0 ! son ( ,burns's ,bro!r ,poet ,davie1 to :om ! well-kn[n ,epi/le 0 address$4 ,among ! o!r well-kn[n m5 to :om ,i 0 introduc$ at ,liv]pool 0 ,john ,cragg1 an intellig5t & ent]pris+ ironf\nd]4 ,he 0 an ext5sive manufactur] ( ! l>ge sug>-boil+ pans us$ 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,he _h also giv5 8 att5tion to ! introduction ( iron into build+s ( diff]5t sorts4 ,be+ a man ( arti/ic ta/e he _h ev5 introduc$ ca/-iron into ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,9 ord] to exhibit1 9 an impressive =m1 ! uses ( 8 fav\rite metal1 he erect$ at 8 own co/ a v elegant *ur* 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,liv]pool499 footnote444 ,s f> z ,i c recollect1 ! "n ( ! *ur* 0 ,/4 ,james's4 ,x exhibit$ a v e>ly introduction ( iron z an important elem5t 9 ar*itectural con/ruction4 ,iron 0 aft]w>ds l>gely introduc$ into mills1 mill ge>+1 & build+s g5]ally4 444 ,ca/-iron 0 introduc$1 n only 9 ! mat]ial p>ts ( ! /ructure1 b into ! ,go?ic columns & ,go?ic trac]y ( ! w9d[s1 z well z into ! l(ty & elegant spire4 ,iron 0 also employ$ 9 ! ext]nal ornam5tal details1 :]e delicate yet effective decoration 0 desirable4 ,! fam\s ar*itect1 ,edw>d ,blore1 0 ! design] ( ! *ur*2 & ! :ole details ( ! build+--( :i* ca/-iron =m$ ! pr9cipal mat]ial-- 7 execut$ to 8 entire satisfaction99 footnote444 ,s f> z ,i c recollect1 ! "n ( ! *ur* 0 ,/4 ,james's4 ,x exhibit$ a v e>ly introduction ( iron z an important elem5t 9 ar*itectural con/ruction4 ,iron 0 aft]w>ds l>gely introduc$ into mills1 mill ge>+1 & build+s g5]ally4 444 ,my introduction to ,mr4 ,cragg l$ to an acqua9tance1 & !n to a fri5d%ip4 ,:5 ! ice 0 brok5 :i* 0 v soon--he told me t he 0 desir\s ( retir+ f ! m active "p ( 8 bus9ess4 ,:e!r he lik$ my looks or n ,i d n "k2 b1 q unexpect$ly1 he made me a v tempt+ (f] to ent] 8 works z 8 successor4 ,he _h already amass$ a =tune1 & ,i might d ! same4 ,i c\ld only ?ank him mo/ s9c]ely = 8 k9dness4 ,b1 on c>efully ?9k+ ! matt] ov]1 ,i decl9$ ! proposal4 ,my pr9cipal reason 01 t ! special nature ( 8 f\ndry "w did n q h>monise ) my desire to foll[ ! m /rictly me*anical "p ( ! iron bus9ess4 ,besides1 ,i ?\ght ,i _h a bright] prospect ( success be=e me2 ?\gh ,i knew t ,i _h _m difficulties to cont5d aga9/4 ,did ,i ?r[ away my *ances 9 decl9+ ! lib]al proposal ( ,mr4 ,cragg8 ,! read] w be able to judge f ! foll[+ pages4 ,b to ! la/99 footnote444 ,mr4 ,cragg di$ 9 #ahec1 ag$ #hd4 444 ,i cont9u$ a mo/ fri5dly int]c\rse ) my int5d$ patron1 :ile he on 8 "p took an almo/ pat]nal int]e/ 9 my progress4 ,aft] my visit to ,liv]pool ,i pass$ on to ,man*e/]4 ,i 0 =tunate 9 hav+ introductions to "s ( ! lead+ m5 !re1--to ,john ,k5n$y1 ,william ,fairbairn1 ! ,grant ,bro!rs1 & la/ly1 to t mo/ admirable man1 ,b5jam9 ,hick1 eng9e]1 ,bolton4 ,to n>rate 9 detail all ! in/ances ( w>m & hospitable k9dnesses :i* ,i receiv$ f m5 9 ,lanca%ire1 ev5 f ! outset ( my c>e] !re1 w\ld fill a volume4 ,i fir/ w5t to see my fri5d ,edw>d ,tootal1 :o _h giv5 me s k9d a reception 9 #ahcj4 ,i 0 aga9 cordially receiv$2 he n[ promis$ to befri5d me1 :i* he did mo/ effectually4 ,i next visit$ ,john ,*ipp5dale1 ( ! firm ( ,?omson1 ,*ipp5dale1 & ,company1 calico pr9t]s4 ,i _h met him at a fri5d's h\se 9 ,london1 :]e he _h (f]$1 if ,i ev] visit$ ,man*e/]1 to introduce me to "s ( ! be/ m5 !re4 ,i accord+ly call$ ^u him at 8 c\nt+-h\se4 ,x happ5$ to be ,tuesday1 ! m>ket day1 :5 all ! heads ( manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts 9 & r\nd ,man*e/] met toge!r at ! ,ex*ange betwe5 #ab & #a2 & ?us all 7 br\ght to a focus 9 a v conv5i5t mann]4 ,mr4 ,*ipp5dale fir/ introduc$ me to ,mr4 ,john ,k5n$y1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 9 ,man*e/]4 ,i _h a special lett] ( introduction to him f ,bu*anan ( ,catr9e1 & 8 p>tn] ,smi? ( ,dean/one4 ,i expla9$ to him ! object ( my visit to ,man*e/]1 & he cordially ent]$ into my views4 ,he left 8 occupation at ! "t1 & w5t ) me to see a place :i* he ?\ght might be suitable = my work%op4 ,! build+ 0 new at h&--9 ,dale ,/reet1 ,piccadilly4 ,x _h be5 us$ z a cotton mill1 b 0 ab&on$ by ! own] 9 fav\r ( m suitable & ext5sive premises4 ,x 0 n[ let out 9 flats = manufactur+ purposes4 ,p[] 0 suppli$ to ea* flat f a %aft connect$ ) a l>ge mill up ! /reet1 ! own] ( :i* _h p[] to sp>e4 ,! flat %[n to me 0 #acj feet long by #bg feet wide1 & ! r5t 0 only #ej a ye>4 ,i ?\ght ! premises v suitable1 b ,i took a night to sleep ov] x4 ,i ?ank$ ,mr4 ,k5n$y v mu* = 8 k9dness1 & = ! tr\ble :i* he _h tak5 on behalf ( an unkn[n /rang]4 ,on ?is memorable day ,i _h ano!r introduction1 ?r\gh ! k9dness ( ,mr4 ,*ipp5dale1 :i* prov$ ( great s]vice to me4 ,x 0 to ! ,messrs4 ,grant1 ! fam\s ,bro!rs ,*e]yble ( ,dick5s4 ,i 0 tak5 to _! c\nt+-h\se 9 ,cannon ,/reet1 :]e ,i 0 introduc$ to ,daniel ,grant4 ,al?\gh bus9ess 0 at its full height1 he gave me a cordial reception4 ,b1 to save "t1 he invit$ me to come aft] ! ,ex*ange 0 ov] & take tiff9 ) him at 8 hospitable mansion 9 ,mosely ,/reet4 ,!re1 he said1 ,i %\ld meet "s ( ! mo/ ent]pris+ m5 9 ,lanca%ire4 ,i 0 mo/ happy1 ( c\rse1 to avail myself ( 8 invitation4 ,i w5t ?i!r accord+ly1 & ! fir/ ?+ t ,daniel did 0 to pres5t me 9 ! mo/ cordial mann] to 8 noble bro!r ,william1 z he always affectionately call$ him4 ,william 0 ! head ( ! firm1 & he1 too1 gave me a w>m & he>ty welcome4 ,he ask$ me to sit beside him at ! head ( ! table4 ,dur+ d9n]--= inde$ x 0 su*1 be+ ! survival ( ! old-fa%ion$ "o o'clock d9n] ( a dep>t+ age--,william ent]$ into conv]sation ) me4 ,he took occasion to inquire into ! object ( my visit to ,man*e/]4 ,i told him1 z briefly z ,i c\ld1 t ,i int5d$ to beg9 ! bus9ess ( a me*anical eng9e] on a v mod]ate scale1 & t ,i _h be5 look+ out = premises :]e9 to comm5ce op]ations4 ,he seem$ int]e/$1 & ask$ m que/ions4 ,i relat$ to him my little hi/ory1 & told him ( my desires1 hopes1 & aspirations4 ,:at 0 my age8 ,tw5ty-six4 ,t is a v "y age at :i* to beg9 bus9ess on y\r own acc\nt ,yes2 b ,i h pl5ty ( "w 9 me1 & ,i am v economical4 ,!n he press$ 8 que/ions home4 ,b :at is y\r capital8 ,i told him t my capital 9 ca% 0 #fc4 ,:at6 he said1 t w d v little = y :5 ,saturday nights come r\nd4 ,t's true1 ,i answ]$2 b z !re w be only myself & ,ar*y ,torry to provide =1 ,i ?9k ,i c manage to get along v well until pr(itable "w comes 94 ,he :isp]$ to me1 ,keep y\r he>t up6 ,) su* views1 he said1 ,i 0 sure to d well4 ,& if1 he add$1 on any ,saturday night ,i want$ money to pay wages or o!r exp5ses1 ,i w\ld f9d a cr$it = #ejj at #c p] c5t at 8 (fice 9 ,cannon ,/reet1 & no security4 ,^! 7 8 v words4 ,:at c\ld h be5 m g5]\s8 ,i c\ld only :isp] my e>ne/ ?anks = 8 w>m-he>t$ k9dness4 ,he gave me a k9dly squeeze ( ! h& 9 return1 :i* set me 9 a gl[ ( gladness4 ,he also gave me a sort ( w9k t ,i %all nev] =get--a mo/ kn[+ w9k4 ,9 look+ at me he seem$ to turn 8 eye r\nd & br\ght 8 eyebr[s d[n ^u x 9 a sudd5 & extraord9>y mann]4 ,i ?\ght x 0 a m]e confirmation ( 8 k9d advice to keep my he>t up6 ,x 0 n until two ye>s aft] t ,i f\nd1 f a mutual fri5d1 t ! eye 9 "q 0 made ( glass6 ,sometimes ! glass eye got slightly out ( its place1 & ,mr4 ,grant _h to =ce x 9 aga9 by ?is odd contortion ( 8 eyebr[s1 :i* ,i _h translat$ into all mann] ( k9d int5tions4 ,z soon z ! p>ty broke up ,i w5t to ,wr5 & ,b5nett1 ! ag5ts = ! flat ( ! old mill :i* ,i _h se5 9 ,dale ,/reet4 ,i inspect$ x aga91 & f\nd t x 0 9 all respects suitable = my purpose4 ,i may m5tion 9 pass+ t ! flat bel[ m9e 0 9 ! occupation ( a glass-cutt]1 ^: glass-cutt+ la!s & gr9d/ones 7 suppli$ ) p[] f ! same upright %aft t 0 to s]ve me 9 ! same mann] on ! flat above1 ,enc\rag$ by ! support ( ,william ,grant1 ,i imm$iately ent]$ into a contract = ! premises z a ye>ly t5ant4 ,no?+ c\ld h be5 m happily arrang$ = my ent]+ into bus9ess z a me*anical eng9e] & ma*9e tool mak]4 ,! situation ( ! premises 0 excell5t1 be+ 9 ! he>t ( ,man*e/] ,!re 0 a p[]ful crab crane1 or hoi/+ app>atus1 9 ! upp] /ory1 & ! ma9 *a9s came d[n 9 front ( ! wide door ( my work%op1 s t heavy ca/+s or cases ( ma*9]y might be lift$ up or let d[n ) ! utmo/ case & conv5i5ce4 ,at ! same "t ,i 0 reliev$ f look+ aft] ! mov+ p[] & its natural accompanim5t ( tr\ble & exp5se 9 ! way ( fuel & att5dance4 ,image ,my factory flat at ,man*e/] ,:5 ,i _h settl$ ! contract = tak+ ! place1 ,i wrote d[n to ,ed9burgh by t night's po/ to tell my fa!r ( ! happy results ( my visit to ,man*e/]1 & also to in=m my "r h& man1 ,ar*y ,torry1 t ,i %\ld soon be ) him4 ,he 0 to prep>e = pack+ up my la!s1 plan+ ma*9es1 drill+ ma*9es1 & o!r small] tools1 n =gett+ my fa!r's foot la!1 ( :i* ,i _h made su* effective use499 footnote444 ,i h /ill ?is foot-la! 9 full & p]fect & almo/ daily action4 ,i cont9ue to "w ) x n[1 aft] sixty-?ree ye>s ( almo/ con/ant use4 ,x is a la! t ,i duly prize & v5]ate1 n only because x 0 my fa!r's1 b also because x 01 9 practical fact1 ! prog5itor1 m or less directly1 ( all ! me*anical productions ( my long & active life4 444 ,i soon foll[$ up my lett]4 ,i 0 9 ,ed9burgh 9 a few days' "t1 & _h all my tools pack$ up4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ab\t t5 days ,i return$ to ,man*e/]1 & 0 foll[$ by ,ar*y ,torry & ! pond]\s cases ( ma*9]y & eng9e]'s tools4 ,!y 7 all duly deliv]$1 hoi/$ to my flat1 & put 9 _! prop] places4 ,i 0 !n ready = "w4 ,! v fir/ ord] ,i receiv$ 0 f my fri5d ,edw>d ,tootal4 ,x 0 a new metallic pi/on = ! small /eam-eng9e t gave motion to 8 silk-w9d+ ma*9]y4 ,x 0 necess>y t x %\ld be done ov] night1 9 ord] t 8 factory %\ld be at "w z usual 9 ! morn+4 ,my fai?ful ,ar*y & ,i set to "w accord+ly4 ,we remov$ ! old defective pi/on1 & replac$ x by a new & improv$ "o1 made accord+ to my own ideas ( h[ s important a "p ( a /eam-eng9e %\ld be con/ruct$4 ,we convey$ x to ,mr4 ,tootal's factory ov] night1 & by five o'clock 9 ! morn+ gave x a prelim9>y trial to see t ev]y?+ 0 9 ord]4 ,! h&s came 9 at six1 & ! ma*9e 0 set to "w4 ,x 0 no d\bt a v small ord]1 b ! pi/on 0 execut$ p]fectly & satisfactorily4 ,! result ( its easi] action1 ?r\gh r$uc$ friction1 0 soon obs]vable 9 ! small] consumption ( coal4 ,mr4 ,tootal & 8 bro!r 7 highly pleas$ at my prompt & c>eful att5tion to _! little ord]1 & x 0 ! =]unn] ( bett] ?+s to come4 ,ord]s soon came 94 ,my plan+ ma*9e 0 soon fully occupi$4 ,:5 n engag$ 9 execut+ o!r "w x 0 employ$ 9 plan+ ! flat ca/-iron ink+ tables = pr9t+ ma*9es4 ,^! 7 made 9 consid]able numb]s by ,messrs4 ,wr5 & ,b5nett 7my l&lords7 "u ! p]sonal sup]9t5d5ce ( ,eb5ez] ,c[p]1 bro!r ( ! inv5tor1 :o1 9 conjunction ) ,mr4 ,applega?1 0 ! fir/ to produce a really effective newspap] pr9t+ ma*9e4 ,i _h _m small subsidi>y jobs s5t to me to execute4 ,!y n only s]v$ to keep my ma*9e tools prop]ly employ$1 b t5d$ 9 ! mo/ effective way to make my "w kn[n to "s ( ! be/ firms 9 ,man*e/]1 :o 9 c\rse ( "t became my employ]s4 ,9 ord] to keep pace ) ! influx ( "w ,i _h to take on fre% h&s4 ,i e/abli%$ a smi?y d[n 9 ! cell> flat ( ! old mill 9 ,dale ,/reet1 s t all =ge "w 9 iron & /eel might be promptly & economically produc$ on ! premises4 ,!re 0 a small iron f\ndry belong+ to a ,mr4 ,hea?1 ab\t ?ree m9utes walk f my work%op1 :]e ,i _h all my ca/+s ( iron & brass done ) promptness1 & ( excell5t quality4 ,mr4 ,hea? v mu* want$ a m p[]ful /eam-eng9e to drive 8 cupola bl[+ fan4 ,i _h made a /eam-eng9e 9 ,ed9burgh & br\ght x ) me4 ,!re x lay 9 my work%op1 :]e x rema9$ unus$1 = ,i 0 suffici5tly suppli$ ) p[] f ! rotat+ %aft4 ,mr4 ,hea? (f]$ to buy x4 ,! eng9e 0 accord+ly remov$ to 8 iron f\ndry1 & ,i receiv$ my full quota ( value 9 ca/+s4 ,week by week my ord]s grew1 & ! flat ( ! old mill soon assum$ a v busy aspect4 ,by occasionally add+ to ! numb] ( my la!s1 drill+ ma*9es1 & o!r eng9e]s' tools1 ,i attract$ ! att5tion ( employ]s4 ,:5 se5 9 action !y n only facilitat$ & economis$ ! production ( my own "w1 b became my be/ adv]tisem5ts4 ,ea* new tool t ,i con/ruct$ _h "s feature ( novelty ab\t x4 ,i always endeav\r$ aft] great] simplicity & p]fectness ( workman%ip4 ,i 0 punctual 9 all my engagem5ts4 ,! bus9ess prov$ safe & pr(itable4 ,! returns 7 quick4 ,sometimes "o-?ird ( ! money 0 paid 9 advance on receipt ( ! ord]1 & ! balance 0 paid on deliv]y at my own premises4 ,all risk ( bad debts 0 avoid$4 ,?us ,i 0 enabl$ to c>ry on my bus9ess ) a v mod]ate am\nt ( capital4 ,my cr[d$ work%op & ! active sc5e x pres5t$1 toge!r ) ! satisfaction my "w gave to my employ]s1 induc$ sev]al p]sons to (f] to ent] into p>tn]%ip ) me4 ,sometimes x 0 on _! own acc\nt1 or = a son or relation = :om !y desir$ an op5+4 ,b ,i f\ght %y ( su* proposals4 ,x 0 a v riskful affair to admit z p>tn]s "y m5 ^: "* = ability might be v d\btful4 ,i 0 !re=e satisfi$ to g on z be=e4 ,besides1 ,i _h ! k9d & dis9t]e/$ (f] ( ! ,bro!rs ,grant1 :i* 0 always available1 ?\gh1 inde$1 ,i did n ne$ to make use ( x4 ,i _h also ! good =tune to be hon\r$ by ! fri5d%ip ( ,edw>d ,lloyd1 ! head ( ! firm ( ,jones1 ,lloyd1 & ,co4 ,i _h "s mod]ate f9ancial transactions ) ! bank4 ,mr4 ,lloyd _h1 no d\bt1 he>d some?+ ( my indu/ry & economy4 ,i nev] ask$ him = any accommodation2 b on "o occasion he invit$ me into 8 p>l\r1 n to sweat me1 b to give me "s mo/ k9dly h9ts & advice z to ! conduct ( my f9ancial affairs4 ,he volunte]$ an (f] :i* ,i c\ld n b feel pr\d (4 ,he said t ,i %\ld h a cr$it ( #ajjj at my s]vice1 at ! usual bank rate4 ,he add$1 ,z soon z y c1 lay by a little capital ( y\r own1 & ba/e x ) its own gravy6 ,a receipt :i* ,i h c>efully foll[$ ?r\gh life1 & ,i am ?ankful to say ) satisfactory results4 ,be=e ,i conclude ?is *apt]1 let me add some?+ m ab\t my k9d fri5ds ! ,bro!rs ,grant4 ,x is well t _! hi/ory %\ld be rememb]$1 z ! m5 :o p]sonally knew !m w soon be all dead4 ,! ?ree bro!rs1 ,william1 ,daniel1 & ,john ,grant1 7 ! sons ( a h]dsman or cattle-deal]1 ^: occupation consi/$ 9 driv+ cattle f ! f> nor? ( ,scotl& to ! ri* pa/ures ( ,*e%ire & ,lanca%ire4 ,! fa!r 0 g5]ally accompani$ by 8 ?ree sons1 :o m>*$ b>efoot1 z 0 ! cu/om ( ! nor? c\ntry lads 9 ^? days4 ,be+ %rewd fell[s1 !y obs]v$ ) int]e/ ! ?riv+ looks & well-f$ condition ( ! ,lanca%ire folks4 ,!y 7 attract$ by ! pr9t works & cotton mills :i* lay by ! ,irwell1 z x crept along 9 its bright & rural valley t[>ds ,man*e/]4 ,:5 pass+ ! works ( ,sir ,rob]t ,peel at ,nuttal1 ne> ,bury1 !y admir$ ! beauty ( ! situation4 ,! ?\ght possess$ !m t !y w\ld l to obta9 "s employm5t 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,!y w5t toge!r 9 se>* ( a situation4 ,x is said t :5 !y rea*$ ! cr[n ( ! hill ne> ,walmsley1 f :i* a beautiful prospect is to be se51 !y 7 9 d\bt z to ! l9e ( road :i* !y %\ld pursue4 ,to decide _! c\rse1 a /ick 0 put up1 & !y agre$ to foll[ ! direction 9 :i* x %\ld fall4 ,! /ick fell 9 ! direction ( ,ramsbottom1 !n a little village 9 ! bottom ( ! valley1 on ! riv] ,irwell4 ,!re !y w5t1 & f\nd employm5t4 ,!y 7 ?rifty1 economical1 & h>d-work+2 & !y soon sav$ money4 ,_! sav+s became capital1 & !y inve/$ x 9 a little pr9t "w4 ,_! capital grew1 & !y w5t on inve/+ x 9 pr9t works & cotton mills4 ,!y became great capitali/s & manufactur]s2 & by _! indu/ry1 ability1 & integrity1 7 reg>d$ z among ! be/ m5 9 ,lanca%ire4 ,z a memorial ( ! ev5t :i* enabl$ !m to take up _! happy home at ,ramsbottom1 !y caus$ to be erect$ at ! top ( ,walmsley ,hill a l(ty t[]1 ov]look+ ! valley1 z a k9d ( public ?ank-(f]+ = ! prosp]ity & success :i* !y _h a*iev$ 9 _! new home4 ,_! well-direct$ dilig5ce made ! valley teem ) indu/ry1 activity1 heal?1 joy1 & opul5ce4 ,!y nev] =got ! work+ class f :i* !y _h sprung1 & z _! lab\rs _h contribut$ to _! weal?1 !y sp>$ no exp5se 9 provid+ = ! moral1 intellectual1 & physical int]e/s ( _! "w-p4 ,:5ev] a wor?y object 0 to be a*iev$1 ! ,bro!rs ,grant 7 always ready ) _! he>ty & sub/antial help4 ,!y contribut$ to f\nd s*ools1 *ur*es1 & public build+s1 & _m a des]v+ man did !y aid ) _! magnanim\s b\nty4 ,i may also m5tion t !y nev] =got _! fir/ impression ( ! spl5did position ( ! fir/ ,sir ,rob]t ,peel's works at ,nuttal4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ,sir ,rob]t _h1 by 8 skill & ent]prise1 acquir$ a l>ge =tune1 & desir$ to retire f bus9ess4 ,by ?is "t ! ,grant ,bro!rs _h succe$$ s well t !y 7 enabl$ to pur*ase ! :ole ( 8 works & prop]ty 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,!y proce$$ to introduce e improvem5t 9 ! way ( ma*9]y & calico pr9t+1 & ?us greatly add$ to ! quality ( _! productions4 ,_! "n became associat$ ) ev]y?+ t 0 admirable4 ,!y ab\nd$ 9 hospitality & g5]osity4 ,9 ! c\rse ( _m long ye>s ( indu/ry1 ent]prise1 & b5evol5ce1 !y e>n$ ! goodwill ( ?\s&s1 ! gratitude ( _m1 & ! respect ( all :o knew !m4 ,i 0 only "o ( _m :o _h cause to rememb] !m ) gratefulness4 ,h[ c\ld ,i ackn[l$ge _! k9dness8 ,!re 0 "o way2 x 0 a v small way1 b ,i w relate x4 ,soon aft] my introduction to ! ,grants1 & be=e ,i _h br\ght my tools to ,man*e/]1 ,william invit$ me to jo9 a ga!r+ ( 8 fri5ds at ,ramsbottom4 ,! *ur* built at 8 co/ _h j be5 f9i%$1 & x 0 to be op5$ ) great eclat on ! foll[+ ,sunday4 ,he ask$ me to be 8 gue/1 & ,i accept$ 8 invitation ) pleasure4 ,z x 0 a v f9e day at ! end ( ,may1 ,i walk$ out to ,ramsbottom1 & enjoy$ ! sc5]y ( ! di/rict4 ,"h 0 ! sc5e ( ! ,grant ,bro!rs' indu/ry & prosp]ity4 ,i met _m ent]pris+ & intellig5t m51 to :om ,william ,grant introduc$ me4 ,i 0 greatly pleas$ ) ! c]emonies connect$ ) ! op5+ ( ! *ur*4 ,on ! ,monday morn+ ,william ,grant1 hav+ se5 "s specim5s ( my fa!r's arti/ic skill z a l&scape pa9t]1 reque/$ me to convey to him 8 desire t he %\ld pa9t two pictures--"o ( ,ca/le ,grant1 ! resid5ce ( ! *ief ( ! ,clan ,grant1 & ! o!r ( ,elg9 ,ca!dral4 ,^! places 7 intimately associat$ ) 8 e>ly recollections1 ,! bro!rs _h be5 born 9 ! village adjo9+ ,ca/le ,grant2 & ,elg9 ,ca!dral 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal old build+s ( ! nor?4 ,my fa!r repli$1 say+ t he w\ld be delight$ to execute ! pictures = a g5tleman :o _h giv5 me s k9dly a reception1 b t he _h no au!ntic data--no draw+s1 no engrav+s--f :i* to pa9t !m2 & t he 0 n[ too old to visit ! places4 ,i !re=e resolv$ to d :at ,i c\ld to help him to pa9t ! pictures4 ,z x 0 necess>y t ,i %\ld g to ,london be=e return+ to ,ed9burgh to pack up my ma*9e tools !re1 ,i w5t ?i!r1 & aft] do+ my bus9ess1 ,i emb>k$ = ,dundee by ! usual /eam]4 ,i made my way f !re1 via ,p]? & ,dunkeld1 to ,inv]ness1 & f !nce ,i proce$$ to ,elg94 ,i made mo/ c>eful draw+s ( ! rema9s ( t noble ca!dral4 ,i endeav\r$ to include all t 0 mo/ beautiful 9 ! build+ & its surr\nd+ sc5]y4 ,i !n w5t on to ,ca/le ,grant1 ?r\gh a picturesque & romantic c\ntry4 ,i f\nd ! ca/le amid/ its deep =e/s ( p9e1 l>*1 elm1 & *e/nut4 ,! build+ consi/s ( a high quadrangul> pile ( _m /ories1 project+ backw>ds at ea* end1 & pi]c$ ) w9d[s ( all %apes & sizes4 ,i did my be/ to c>ry away a graphic sket* ( ! old ca/le & its surr\nd+s3 & !n1 ) my /ock ( draw+s1 ,i prep>$ to return to ,inv]ness on foot4 ,! sc5]y 0 gr& & beautiful4 ,! wea!r 0 f9e1 al?\gh aft] mid-day x became v hot4 ,a ?und] /orm 0 evid5tly approa*+4 ,! sun 0 obscur$ by a ?und]-cl\d2 ! sky fla%$ ) lightn+1 & ! ra9 began to p\r d[n4 ,i 0 !n high up on a wild look+ moor1 cov]$ ) hea!r & va/ b\ld]s4 ,image ,an extemporis$ %[]-ba? ,!re 0 no %elt] to be _h1 = n a h\se 0 9 sight4 ,i did n s mu* m9d = my clo!s1 b ,i fe>$ v mu* = my sket*es4 ,tak+ advantage ( ! solitude1 ,i /ripp$ myself1 put my sket*es "u my clo!s1 & ?ru/ !m into a holl[ und]nea? a huge b\ld]4 ,i sat myself d[n on ! top ( x1 & !re ,i _h a magnific5t %[]-ba? ( w>m ra94 ,i nev] enjoy$ a ba? "u su* romantic circum/ances4 ,! ?und]-cl\ds soon pass$ ov] my head1 & ! sun broke out aga9 *e]ily4 ,:5 ! ra9 _h ceas$ ,i took out my clo!s & draw+s f ! holl[1 & f\nd !m p]fectly dry4 ,i set out aga9 on my long walk to ,inv]ness2 & rea*$ x j 9 "t to cat* ! ,cal$onian ,canal /eam]4 ,:ile pass+ d[n ,lo* ,ness ,i visit$ ! romantic ,fail ( ,foy]s2 !n ?r\gh ,lo* ,lo*y1 pa/ ,b5 ,nevis to ,lo* ,l9nhe1 ,oban1 & ! ,kyles ( ,bute1 to ,glasg[1 & f !nce to ,ed9burgh4 ,i _h ! pleasure ( plac+ 9 my fa!r's h&s ! sket*es ,i _h made4 ,he 0 greatly delight$ ) !m4 ,!y enabl$ him to set to "w ) 8 usual zeal1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a %ort "t he 0 able to execute1 con amore1 ! commission ( ! ,bro!rs ,grant4 ,s soon z ,i _h complet$ my sket*es ,i wrote to ,daniel ,grant & in=m$ him ( ! result ( my j\rney4 ,he aft]w>ds express$ himself mo/ w>mly z to my prompt zeal 9 obta9+ = him au!ntic pictures ( places s de> to ! bro!rs1 & s mu* associat$ ) _! e>lie/ & mo/ *]i%$ recollections4 ,i h already ref]r$ to ! ,bro!rs ,c[p]4 ,!y 7 among my mo/ atta*$ fri5ds at ,man*e/]4 ,_m ( my mo/ pleasant associations are connect$ ) !m4 ,edw>d ,c[p] 0 "o ( ! mo/ successful me*anics 9 br++ ! pr9t+ ma*9e to a /ate ( practical utility4 ,he 0 aft]w>ds connect$ ) ,mr4 ,applega? ( ,london1 ! me*anical eng9e] ( ! ,times newspap]99 footnote444 ,mr4 ,koeig's ma*9es1 fir/ us$ at ! ,times (fice1 7 pat5t$ 9 #ahad4 ,!y 7 too complicat$ & exp5sive1 & ! ink+ 0 too imp]fect = g5]al adoption4 ,!y 7 sup]s$$ by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,c[p]'s ma*9e1 :i* he inv5t$ & pat5t$ 9 #ahaf4 ,he aft]w>ds add$ ! ink+ roll] & table to ! common press4 ,! effect ( ,mr4 ,c[p]'s inv5tion 0 to improve ! quality & spe$ ( pr9t+1 & to r5d] lit]ature accessible to millions ( read]s4 444 he inv5t$ = ! proprietors a ma*9e t ?rew (f f #dejj to #ejjj impressions 9 ! h\r4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ! ,bro!rs ,c[p] remov$ ! manufacture ( _! pr9t+ ma*9es f ,london 1to ,man*e/]4 ,!re !y f\nd skill$ & en]getic workm51 ready to c>ry _! plans into effect4 ,!y secur$ excell5t premises1 suppli$ ) ! be/ mod]n ma*9e tools1 9 ! build+s ( ,wr5 & ,b5nett1 ab\t two m9utes' walk f my work%op1 :i* ,i r5t$ f ! same l&lords4 ,i _h mu* fri5dly int]c\rse ) ! ,c[p]s1 especially ) ,eb5ez] ! y\ng] bro!r1 :o took up 8 resid5ce at ,man*e/] = ! purpose ( specially sup]9t5d+ ! manufacture ( pr9t+ ma*9es4 ,^! 7 soon 9 l>ge dem&1 n only = ! pr9t+ ( books b ( newspap]s4 ,"o ( ! fir/ booksell]s :o avail$ himself ( ! b5efits ( ! ma*9e 0 ,mr4 ,*>les ,knight1 :o project$ ! ,p5ny ,magaz9e ( #ahcb1 & sold x to ! ext5t ( ab\t #ahj1jjj copies weekly4 ,x 0 also adopt$ by ! ,messrs4 ,*amb]s ( ,ed9burgh1 & ! proprietors ( ! ,magas9 ,pittoresque ( ,p>is4 ,! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge also us$ ,c[p]'s ma*9e 9 pr9t+ va/ numb]s ( bibles & pray]-books1 !reby r$uc+ _! price to "o-?ird ( ! =m] co/4 ,!re 0 sc>cely a newspap] ( any importance 9 ! c\ntry t 0 n pr9t$ ) a ,c[p]'s ma*9e4 ,z ,i possess$ "s self-act+ tools t 7 specially suit$ to execute "s ( ! mo/ ref9$ & important p>ts ( ! pr9t+ ma*9e1 ! ,messrs4 ,c[p] transf]r$ _! execution to me4 ,?is 0 a great advantage to bo?4 ,!y 7 reliev$ ( ! te*nical workman%ip2 :ile ,i kept my m5 & ma*9e tools fully employ$ at times :5 !y might o!rwise h be5 /&+ idle4 ,besides1 ,i d]iv$ ano!r advantage f my connection ) ! ,bro!rs ,c[p]1 by hav+ frequ5t ord]s to supply my small /eam-eng9es1 :i* 7 f\nd to be s suitable = giv+ motion to ! pr9t+ ma*9es4 ,at fir/ ! ma*9es 7 turn$ by h&1 & v exhau/+ "w x 02 b ! small /eam-eng9e soon reliev$ ! lab\r] f 8 heavy "w4 ,edw>d frequ5tly visit$ ,man*e/] to arrange ) 8 bro!r z to ! increas+ manufacture ( ! pr9t+ ma*9es1 & also to introduce su* improvem5ts 9 ! m9or details z ! exp]i5ce & special requirem5ts ( ! pr9t+ trade sugge/$4 ,x 0 on ^! occasions t ,i _h ! happy opportunity ( becom+ intimately acqua9t$ ) him2 & ?is result$ 9 a firm fri5d%ip :i* cont9u$ until ! close ( 8 admirable life4 ,! cle> & ma/]ly way 9 :i*1 by "s happy special faculty1 he c\ld cat* up ! ess5tial pr9ciples & details ( any me*anical comb9ation1 h[ev] novel ! subject might be1 0 rem>kable2 & ! qua9t & humor\s mann] 9 :i* he treat$ all su* subjects1 9 no small degree caus$ 8 %rewd & intellig5t rem>ks to take a la/+ hold ( ! memory4 ,on _m occasions ,edw>d ,c[p] gave ,friday ev5+ lectures on te*nical subjects at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 ,london4 ,next to ,f>aday1 no "o held ! att5tion ( a delight$ audi5ce 9 s *>m+ a mann] z he did4 ,l ,f>aday1 he possess$ ! p[] ( cle>ly unveil+ 8 subject1 & /ripp+ x ( all its complicat$ p]plexities4 ,8 illu/rations 7 simple1 cle>1 & und]/&able4 ,te*nical words 7 avoid$ z mu* z possible4 ,he ?rew ! ord9>y run ( lectur]s f> into ! %ade4 ,intellig5t boys & girls c\ld und]/& him4 ,next to ,f>aday1 no "o fill$ ! !atre ( ! ,in/itution ) su* eag] & cr[d$ audi5ces z he did4 ,8 *oice ( subjects1 z well z 8 ma/]ly treatm5t1 always r5d]$ 8 lectures in/ructive & attractive4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ k9d-he>t$ ( m51 & ! *e]ful way 9 :i* he laid aside 8 ord9>y bus9ess to give in/ruction & pleasure to o!rs ende>$ him to a v wide circle ( devot$ fri5ds4 ,,*apt] #aa4 ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry--,p>tn]%ip4 ,my bus9ess w5t on prosp]\sly4 ,i _h pl5ty ( ord]s1 & did my be/ to execute !m satisfactorily4 ,%ortly aft] ! op5+ ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway !re 0 a l>gely increas$ dem& = ma*9e-mak+ tools4 ,! success ( t l9e l$ to ! con/ruction ( o!r l9es1 conc5trat+ 9 ,man*e/]2 & e bran* ( manufacture %>$ 9 ! prosp]ity ( ! "t4 ,!re 0 a great dem& = skill$1 & ev5 = unskill$ lab\r4 ,! dem& 0 great] ?an ! supply4 ,employ]s 7 subject$ to exorbitant dem&s = increas$ rates ( wages4 ,! workm5 /ruck1 & _! wages 7 rais$4 ,b ! results 7 n always satisfactory4 ,except 9 ! cases ( ! old skill$ h&s1 ! "w 0 execut$ m c>elessly ?an be=e4 ,! workm5 att5d$ less regul>ly2 & sometimes1 :5 !y ought to h be5 at "w on ,monday morn+s1 !y did n appe> until ,w$nesday4 ,_! high] wages _h be5 ( no use to !m1 b ! rev]se4 ,_! "t _h be5 sp5t = ! mo/ "p 9 two days' extra dr9k+4 ,! irregul>ity & c>elessness ( ! workm5 naturally prov$ v annoy+ to ! employ]s4 ,b x gave an increas$ /imulus to ! dem& = self-act+ ma*9e tools by :i* ! untru/wor?y ef=ts ( h& lab\r might be avoid$4 ,! ma*9es nev] got drunk2 _! h&s nev] %ook f excess2 !y 7 nev] abs5t f "w2 !y did n /rike = wages2 !y 7 unfail+ 9 _! accuracy & regul>ity1 :ile produc+ ! mo/ delicate or pond]\s portions ( me*anical /ructures4 ,x s happ5$ t ! dem& = ma*9e tools1 consequ5t ^u ! increas+ difficulties ) ! workm51 took place at ! "t t ,i began bus9ess 9 ,man*e/]1 & ,i _h my fair %>e ( ! increas$ dem&4 ,mo/ ( my own ma*9e tools 7 self-act+--plan+ ma*9es1 slide la!s1 drill+1 bor+1 slott+ ma*9es1 & s on4 ,:5 set up 9 my work%op !y di/+ui%$ !mselves by _! respective m]its & effici5cy4 ,!y 71 9 fact1 _! own be/ adv]tisem5ts4 ,! consequ5ce 0 t ord]s = simil> ma*9es p\r$ 9 ^u me1 & ! floor ( my flat became completely load$ ) ! "w 9 h&4 ,! t5ant bel[ me1 x w be rememb]$1 0 a glass-cutt]4 ,he obs]v$1 ) al>m1 ! bits ( pla/] f ! ro( com+ d[n among 8 cut glasses & decant]s4 ,he ?\ght t ! raft]s ov]head 7 giv+ way1 & t ! :ole ( my ma*9]y & eng9es w\ld come tumbl+ d[n ^u him "s day & involve him 9 ru94 ,he probably exagg]at$ ! dang]2 /ill !re 0 "s cause = fe>4 ,:5 ! massive ca/+s on my floor 7 mov$ ab\t f "o "p to ano!r1 ! floor quiv]$ & trembl$ "u ! pressure4 ,! glass-cutt] compla9$ to ! l&lord1 & ! l&lord expo/ulat$ ) me4 ,i did all t ,i c\ld to equalise ! pressure1 & prev5t vibration z mu* z possible4 ,b at l5g?1 9 spite ( all my c>e1 an accid5t occurr$ :i* compell$ me to take measures to remove my ma*9]y to o!r premises4 ,z ?is removal 0 foll[$ by consequ5ces ( mu* importance to myself1 ,i mu/ endeav\r to /ate ! circum/ances "u :i* x occurr$4 ,my k9d fri5d1 ,john ,k5n$y1 cont9u$ to take ! greate/ int]e/ 9 my welf>e4 ,he call$ 9 ^u me occasionally4 ,he admir$ ! quality ( my "w1 & ! beauty ( my self-act+ ma*9]y4 ,m ?an t1 he recomm5d$ me to 8 fri5ds4 ,x 0 ?r\gh 8 influ5ce t ,i obta9$ an ord] = a high-pressure /eam-eng9e ( tw5ty horse-p[] to drive ! ma*9]y connect$ ) a di/ill]y at ,londond]ry1 9 ,irel&4 ,i 0 afraid at fir/ t ,i c\ld n und]take ! job4 ,! size ( ! eng9e 0 some:at above ! height ( my flat1 & x w\ld probably occupy too mu* space 9 my already ov]cr[d$ work%op4 ,at ! same "t ,i 0 mo/ anxi\s n to let su* an ord] pass me4 ,i wi%$ to please my fri5d ,mr4 ,k5n$y2 besides1 ! execution ( ! eng9e might lead to fur!r bus9ess4 ,at l5g?1 aft] consid]ation1 ,i und]took to execute ! ord]4 ,in/ead ( con/ruct+ ! eng9e p]p5dicul>ly1 ,i con/ruct$ x ly+ ^u its side4 ,!re 0 a little extra difficulty1 b ,i manag$ to complete x 9 ! be/ /yle4 ,x _h next to be tak5 to pieces = ! purpose ( be+ convey$ to ,londond]ry4 ,x 0 !n t ! accid5t happ5$4 ,my m5 _h ! mis=tune to all[ ! end ( ! eng9e beam to cra% ?r\gh ! floor6 ,!re 0 a t]rible scatt]+ ( la? & pla/] & du/4 ,! glass-cutt] 0 9 a dreadful /ate4 ,he ru%$ =?) to ! l&lord1 & call$ ^u him to come at once & judge = himself6 ,mr4 ,wr5 did come1 & did judge = himself4 ,he look$ 9 at ! glass %op1 & saw ! damage t _h be5 done among/ ! tumbl]s & decant]s4 ,!re 0 ! hole 9 ! ro(1 ?r\gh :i* ! end ( ! eng9e beam _h come & scatt]$ ! la? & pla/]4 ,! l&lord !n came to me4 ,! :ole flat 0 fill$ ) ma*9]y1 includ+ ! /eam-eng9e on its side1 n[ be+ tak5 to pieces = ! purpose ( %ipm5t to ,irel&4 ,mr4 ,wr51 9 ! k9de/ mann]1 begg$ me to remove f ! premises z soon z ,i c\ld1 o!rwise ! :ole build+ might be br\ght to ! gr\nd ) ! weight ( my ma*9]y4 ,besides1 he argu$1 y mu/ h m conv5i5t premises = y\r rapidly ext5d+ bus9ess4 ,x 0 q true4 ,i mu/ leave ! place & e/abli% myself else:]e4 ,! read] may rememb] t :ile on my j\rney on foot f ,liv]pool to ,man*e/] 9 #ahcj1 ,i _h re/$ myself = a little on ! p>apet ( ! bridge ov]look+ ! canal ne> ,patricr(t1 & gaz$ long+ly ^u a plot ( l& situat$ along ! canal side4 ,on ! aft]noon ( ! day on :i* ! eng9e beam cra%$ ?r\gh ! glass-cutt]'s ro(1 ,i w5t out aga9 to look at t fav\rite piece ( l&4 ,!re x 01 unoccupi$1 j z ,i _h se5 x "s ye>s be=e4 ,i w5t to x & took note ( its dim5sions4 ,x consi/$ ( ab\t six acres4 ,x 0 cov]$ ) turf1 & z flat & neat z a b[l+-gre54 ,x 0 b\nd$ on "o side by ! ,bridgewat] ,canal1 edg$ by a neat /one m>g9 #ajej feet long1 on ano!r side by ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 :ile on a ?ird side x 0 b\nd$ by a good road1 accessible f all sides4 ,! plot 0 spl5didly situat$4 ,i wond]$ t x _h n be5 secur$ be=e4 ,x 0 evid5tly wait+ = me6 ,i did n all[ ! grass to gr[ b5ea? my feet4 ,t v night ,i asc]ta9$ t ! proprietor ( ?is mo/ beautiful plot 0 squire ,traf=d1 "o ( ! l>ge/ l&$ proprietors 9 ! di/rict4 ,next morn+ ,i proce$$ to ,traf=d ,hall = ! purpose ( int]view+ ! ,squire4 ,he receiv$ me mo/ cordially4 ,aft] ,i _h /at$ my object 9 call+ ^u him1 he said he w\ld be exce$+ly pleas$ to h me = "o ( 8 t5ants4 ,he gave me a lett] ( introduction to 8 ag5t1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,lee1 ( ,pr9ces ,/reet1 ,man*e/]1 ) :om ,i 0 to arrange z to ! t]ms4 ,i 0 (f]$ a lease ( ! six acre plot = #iii ye>s1 at an annual r5t ( #a #c_/d;d p] squ>e y>d4 ,?is proposal 0 mo/ fav\rable1 z ,i obta9$ ! advantage ( a fee-simple pur*ase )\t hav+ to s9k capital 9 ! l&4 ,all t ,i _h to provide = 0 ! annual r5t4 ,my next /ep 9 ?is important affair 0 to submit ! proposal to ! judgm5t ( my excell5t fri5d ,edw>d ,lloyd1 ! bank]4 ,he advis$ me to close ! matt] z soon z possible1 = he consid]$ ! t]ms mo/ fav\rable4 ,he p]sonally took me to 8 solicitors1 ,d5nison1 ,humphreys1 & ,cunliffe1 & introduc$ me to !m4 ,mr4 ,humphreys took ! matt] 9 h&4 ,we w5t toge!r to ,mr4,lee1 & )9 a few days ! lease 0 sign$ & ,i 0 put into possession ( ! l& ^u :i* ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry 0 aft]w>ds erect$499 footnote444 ,i call$ ! place ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry z an appropriate & humble tribute to ! memory ( ! fir/ great canal mak] 9 ,brita9 ! noble ,duke ( ,bridgewat]4 ,my gr\nd 0 on ! fir/ mile ( ! ,bridgewat] ,canal :i* ! ,duke _h con/ruct$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,br9dley1 s t x might well be consid]$1 9 an ,eng9e]+ s5se1 classic gr\nd4 444 ,i may m5tion briefly ! advantages ( ! site4 ,! ,bridgewat] ,canal1 :i* lay along "o side ( ! f\ndry communicat$ ) e wat]way & port 9 ,engl& :il/ ! railway alongside enabl$ a communication to be kept up by rail ) e "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,worsley coal-boats came alongside ! :>f1 & a *eap & abundant supply ( fuel 0 ?us insur$4 ,! railway /ation 0 ne> at h&1 & af=d$ e opportunity = travell+ to & f ! works1 :ile ,i 0 at ! same "t plac$ )9 tw5ty m9utes ( ,man*e/]4 ,ano!r important po9t has to be m5tion$4 ,a f9e b$ ( brick-clay lay bel[ ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 :i* suppli$ ! mat]ial = bricks4 ,?us ! entire works may be truly said to h ris5 out ( ! gr\nd2 = ! :ole ( ! build+s re/$ ^u ! l& f :i* ! clay bel[ 0 dug & burn$ into bricks4 ,!n1 bel[ ! clay lay a b$ ( ,new ,r$ ,s&/one rock1 :i* yield$ a solid f\ndation = any sup]/ructure1 h[ev] l(ty or pond]\s4 ,z soon z ! prelim9>y arrangem5ts = ! lease ( ! six acre plot _h be5 made1 ,i proce$$ to make work+ draw+s ( a tempor>y timb] work%op2 z ,i 0 anxi\s to unload ! floor ( my flat 9 ,dale ,/reet1 & to get z mu* ( my ma*9]y z possible spe$ily remov$ to ,patricr(t4 ,= ! purpose ( provid+ ! tempor>y accommodation1 ,i w5t to ,liv]pool & pur*as$ a numb] ( logs ( ,new ,brunswick p9e4 ,! logs 7 cut up into planks1 batt5s1 & ro(-timb]s1 & 7 deliv]$ 9 a few days at ! canal :>f 9 front ( my plot4 ,! build+ ( ! work%ops rapidly proce$$4 ,by ! aid ( "s h&y active c>p5t]s1 sup]9t5d$ by my en]getic =eman1 ,ar*y ,torry1 sev]al conv5i5t well-light$ work%ops 7 soon ready = ! reception ( my ma*9]y4 ,i _h a f\r horsep[] eng9e1 :i* ,i _h made at ,ed9burgh1 ready to be plac$ 9 position1 toge!r ) ! boil]4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ p[] ,i employ$ 9 />t+ my new works4 ,i mu/ return = a mom5t to ! tw5ty horse-p[] eng9e1 :i* _h be5 ! proximate cause ( my removal f ,dale ,/reet4 ,x 0 tak5 to pieces1 pack$1 & s5t (f to ,londond]ry4 ,:5 ,i 0 in=m$ t x 0 erect$ & ready = "w ,i proce$$ to ,irel& to see x beg9 x's op]ations4 ,i may briefly say t ! eng9e gave e satisfaction1 & ,i believe t x cont9ues work+ to ?is day4 ,i _h ! pleasure ( br++ back ) me an ord] = a cond5s+ eng9e ( =ty horse-p[]1 requir$ by ,mr4 ,john ,munn = giv+ motion to 8 new flax mill1 !n "u con/ruction4 ,i m5tion ?is ord] because ! eng9e 0 ! fir/ important piece ( "w execut$ at ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry4 ,?is 0 my fir/ visit to ,irel&4 ,be+ s ne> ! ,giant's ,causeway1 ,i took ! opportunity1 on my way homew>ds1 ( visit+ t object ( high geologic int]e/1 toge!r ) ! magnific5t basaltic promontory ( ,fairhead4 ,i sp5t a day 9 clamb]+ up ! t]rible-look+ crags4 ,9 a /ratum ( r$ hematite clay1 und]nea? a solid basaltic crag ( "s sixty feet or m 9 ?ickness1 ,i f\nd ! *>r$ bran*es ( trees--! rema9s ( "s =e/ t _h1 at "s inconceivably remote p]iod1 be5 de/roy$ by a va/ out-bel*+ fl[ ( molt5 lava f a deep-seat$ volcanic /ore und]nea?4 ,i return$ to ,patricr(t1 & f\nd ! wood5 work%ops ne>ly f9i%$4 ,! ma*9e tools 71 = ! mo/ "p1 fix$ & ready = use4 ,9 ,augu/ #ahcf ! ,bridgewat] f\ndry 0 9 complete & effici5t action4 ,! eng9e ord]$ at ,londond]ry 0 at once put 9 h&1 & ! conc]n 0 fairly />t$ 9 its long c>e] ( prosp]ity4 ,! wood5 work%ops _h be5 erect$ ^u ! grass4 ,b ! sw>d soon disappe>$4 ,! hum ( ! driv+ belts1 ! :irl ( ! ma*9]y1 ! s\nd ( ! hamm] ^u ! anvil1 gave ! place an air ( busy activity4 ,z "w increas$1 workm5 increas$4 ,! work%ops 7 enl>g$4 ,wood gave place to brick4 ,cottages = ! accommodation ( ! "w-p sprang up 9 ! neighb\rhood2 & :at _h once be5 quiet grassy fields became ! c5tre ( a busy population4 ,image ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry4 ,f a sket* by ,alex&] ,nasmy?4 ,x 0 a s\rce ( va/ enjoym5t to me1 :ile engag$ 9 ! anxi\s bus9ess connect$ ) ! e/abli%m5t ( ! f\ndry1 to be surr\nd$ ) s _m objects ( rural beauty4 ,! site ( ! works be+ on ! we/ side ( ,man*e/]1 we _h ! b5efit ( brea?+ pure air dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye>4 ,! sc5]y r\nd ab\t 0 v attractive4 ,ex]cise 0 a s\rce ( heal? to ! m9d z well z ! body4 ,z x 0 necess>y t ,i %\ld reside z ne> z possible to ! works1 ,i _h pl5ty ( opportunities = enjoy+ ! rural sc5]y ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,i _h ! good =tune to become ! t5ant ( a small cottage 9 ! anci5t village ( ,b>ton1 9 ,*e%ire1 at ! v mod]ate r5tal ( #ae a ye>4 ,! cottage 0 situat$ on ! banks ( ! riv] ,irwell1 & 0 only ab\t six m9utes' walk f ! works at ,patricr(t4 ,x suit$ my mod]ate dome/ic arrangem5ts admirably4 ,! village 0 surr\nd$ by apple or*>ds & g>d5s1 & situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( tranquil rural sc5]y4 ,x 0 a great treat to me1 aft] a long & busy day at ! f\ndry1 especially 9 summ] "t1 to take my leisure walks ?r\gh ! gre5 lanes1 & pass ! _m picturesque old f>mh\ses & cottages :i* at t "t pres5t$ subjects ( ! mo/ tempt+ k9d = ! p5cil4 ,su* quiet summ] ev5+ /rolls af=d$ me ! opportunity = tranquil ?\ght4 ,ea* day's transactions furni%$ abundant subjects = consid]ation4 ,x 0 a happy p]iod 9 my life4 ,i 0 hopeful = ! future1 z ev]y?+ _h s f> prosp]$ ) me4 ,:5 ,i _h got com=tably settl$ 9 my cosy little cottage1 my de> si/] ,m>g>et came f ,ed9burgh to take *>ge ( my dome/ic arrangem5ts4 ,by h] bright & *e]ful disposition %e made ! cottage a v happy home4 ,al?\gh ,i _h nei!r ! means nor ! disposition to see mu* company1 ,i frequ5tly _h visits f "s ( my k9d fri5ds 9 ,man*e/]4 ,i valu$ !m all ! m = my si/]'s sake1 inasmu* z %e _h come f a bright h\sehold 9 ,ed9burgh1 full ( *e]fulness1 "p ( :i* %e transf]r$ to my cottage4 ,at ! same "t1 x becomes me to say a ^w or two ab\t ! great k9dness :i* ,i receiv$ f my fri5ds & well-wi%]s at ,man*e/] & ! neighb\rhood4 ,among/ ^! 7 ! ?ree bro!rs ,grant1 ,b5jam9 ,hick ( ,bolton1 ,edw>d ,lloyd ! bank]1 ,john ,k5n$y1 & ,william ,fairbairn4 ,i _h n mu* leisure dur+ ! week days1 b occasionally on ,sunday aft]noons my si/] & myself enjoy$ _! cordial hospitality4 ,9 ?is way ,i 0 br\ght into fri5dly int]c\rse ) ! mo/ intellig5t & cultivat$ p]sons 9 ,lanca%ire4 ,! remembrance ( ! delightful ev5+s ,i sp5t 9 _! society w ev] cont9ue "o ( ! mo/ *]i%$ recollections ( my e>ly days 9 ,man*e/]4 ,i may m5tion t "o ( ! pr9cipal advantages ( ! site ( my works 0 its connection ) ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 z well z ) ! ,bridgewat] ,canal4 ,!re 0 a /one-edg$ roadway along ! latt]1 :]e ! canal b>ges might receive & deliv] traffic 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t mann]4 ,z ! :>fage b\nd>y 0 ! prop]ty ( ! tru/ees ( ! ,bridgewat] ,canal1 x 0 necess>y to agree ) !m z to ! rates to be *>g$ = ! requisite accommodation4 ,_! ag5t def]r$ nam+ ! r5t until ,i _h f9ally settl$ ) ,squire ,traf=d z to ! lease ( 8 l&1 & !n1 aft] he suppos$ he _h got me into a cleft /ick1 he propos$ s extravagant a rate t ,i refus$ to use ! :>f ^u 8 t]ms4 ,x happ5$1 =tunately = me1 t ?is ag5t _h involv$ himself 9 a ,*anc]y suit ) ! tru/ees1 :i* ev5tually l$ to 8 retirem5t4 ,! prop]ty !n m]g$ into ! h&s ( ,"l ,francis ,eg]ton1 heir to ! ,bridgewat] ,e/ates4 ,! canal 0 plac$ "u ! managem5t ( t excell5t g5tleman1 ,james ,lo*1 ,m4,p4 ,"l ,francis ,eg]ton1 on 8 next visit to ,worsley ,hall1 call$ ^u me at ! f\ndry4 ,he express$ 8 great pleasure at hav+ u z 8 ne> neighb\rs1 & z likely to prove su* excell5t cu/om]s ( ! canal tru/ees4 ,because ( ?is latt] circum/ance1 he (f]$ me ! use ( ! :>f free ( r5t4 ,?is 0 q 9 accordance ) 8 g5]\s disposition 9 all matt]s4 ,b z ,i desir$ ! agreem5t to be put 9 a regul> bus9ess-l =m1 ,i arrang$ ) ,mr4 ,lo* to pay #es4 p] annum z a =mal ackn[l$gm5t1 & an agreem5t to ?is effect 0 accord+ly drawn up & sign$ by bo? p>ties4 ,"l ,francis ,eg]ton 0 soon aft] creat$ ,e>l ( ,ellesm]e4 ,he became "o ( ! mo/ con/ant visitors at ! f\ndry1 9 :i* he always took a lively int]e/4 ,he delight$ to g ?r\gh ! work%ops1 & enjoy ! sight ( ! active ma*9]y & ! "w 9 progress4 ,:5 he _h any specially intellig5t visitors at ,worsley ,hall1 :i* 0 frequ5tly ! case1 he 0 sure to br+ !m d[n to ! f\ndry 9 8 beautiful private b>ge1 & lead !m ?r\gh ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( ! e/abli%m5t4 ,"o ( 8 fav\rite sights 0 ! p\r+ out ( ! molt5 iron into ! m\lds = ! l>g] class ( ca/+s2 :5 "s twelve or sixte5 tons1 by ! aid ( my screw safety ladle1 7 decant$ ) z mu* neatness & exactness z ! p\r+ out ( a glass ( w9e f a decant]4 ,:5 ?is "w 0 p]=m$ t[>ds d>k1 ,"l ,ellesm]e's poetic fancy & arti/ic eye enabl$ him to enjoy ! sight exce$+ly499 footnote444 ,i _h ! happ9ess to receive ! k9de/ & mo/ hospitable att5tion f ,"l ,ellesm]e & 8 family4 ,8 dea?1 :i* occurr$ 9 #aheg1 at ! e>ly age ( fifty-sev51 depriv$ me ( "o ( my w>me/ fri5ds4 ,! ,c\ntess ( ,ellesm]e cont9u$ ! fri5d%ip until h] dea?1 :i* occurr$ sev]al ye>s lat]4 ,! same k9dly feel+s /ill exi/ 9 ! *ildr5 ( ! lam5t$ pair1 all ( :om ev9ce ! admirable qualities :i* s peculi>ly di/+ui%$ _! p>5ts1 & made !m univ]sally belov$ by all classes1 ri* & poor4 444 ,i mu/ "h say a few words z to my ,screw ,safety ,ladle4 ,i _h obs]v$ ! great dang] occasion$ to workm5 by ! me?od ( empty+ ! molt5 iron into ! ca/+ m\lds4 ,! :ite-hot fluid 0 run f ! melt+ furnace into a l>ge ladle ) "o or two cross h&les & lev]s1 work$ by a doz5 or fifte5 m54 ,! ladle conta9$ _m tons ( molt5 iron1 & 0 transf]r$ by a crane to ! m\lds4 ,to d ?is requir$ ! greate/ caution & /ead9ess4 ,if a /umble took place1 & ! ladle 0 9 ! slighte/ degree upset1 !re 0 a spla% ( hot metal on ! floor1 :i*1 9 ! recoil1 flew aga9/ ! m5's clo!s1 set !m on fire1 or occasion$ frightful scalds & burns4 ,image ,old f\ndry ladle ,to prev5t ^! accid5ts ,i inv5t$ my ,safety ,f\ndry ,ladle4 ,i appli$ a screw :eel1 key$ to ! trunnion ( ! ladle1 :i* 0 act$ on by an endless screw atta*$ to ! sl+ ( ! ladle2 & by ?is means "o man c\ld move ! l>ge/ ladle on its axis1 & p\r out its molt5 cont5ts ) ! mo/ p]fect ease & safety4 ,n only 0 all risk ( accid5t ?us remov$1 b ! p]fection ( ! ca/+ 0 secur$ by ! /eady cont9u\s fl[ ( ! :ite-hot metal into ! m\ld4 ,! n]v\s anxiety & confusion t usually att5d$ ! p\r+ ( ! metal requir$ = ! l>g] class ( ca/+s 0 ?us entirely avoid$4 ,image ,safety f\ndry ladle ,at ! same "t ,i introduc$ ano!r improvem5t 9 connection ) ^! f\ndry ladles :i*1 al?\gh ( m9or importance1 has 9 no small degree contribut$ to ! p]fection ( l>ge ca/+s4 ,?is consi/$ 9 hang+ ! skimm] to ! edge ( ! ladle1 s z to keep back ! scorae t inv>iably float on ! surface ( ! melt$ metal4 ,?is 0 =m]ly done by h&1 & _m accid5ts 7 ! consequ5ce4 ,b n[ ! cle> fl[ ( pure metal into ! m\lds 0 secur$1 :ile ! scoriae 7 me*anically held back4 ,all t ! att5dant has to d is to regulate ! incl9ation ( ! ,skimm] s z to keep its l[] edge suffici5tly "u ! surface ( ! outfl[+ metal4 ,! prec$+ illu/rations w enable ! read] to und]/& ^! simple b important te*nical improvem5ts4 ,^! inv5tions 7 made 9 #ahch4 ,i might h pat5t$ !m1 b pref]r$ to make !m ov] to ! public4 ,i s5t draw+s & descriptions ( ! ,safety ,f\ndry ,ladle to all ! pr9cipal f\nd]s bo? at home & abroad2 & ,i 0 soon aft] mu* gratifi$ by _! cordial expression ( its practical value4 ,! ladle is n[ univ]sally adopt$4 ,! ,society ( ,arts ( ,scotl&1 to :om ,i s5t draw+s & descriptions1 did me ! hon\r to pres5t me ) _! l>ge silv] m$al 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( ! inv5tion4 ,9 ord] to c>ry on my bus9ess ) effectiv5ess x 0 necess>y t ,i %\ld h "s special p]sonal assi/ance4 ,i c\ld c>ry on ! :ole me*anical dep>tm5t z reg>ds organisation1 design+1 & con/ruction2 b !re 0 ! f9ancial bus9ess to be att5d$ to1--! c\nt+-h\se1 ! correspond5ce1 & ! arrangem5t ( money affairs4 ,i want$ "s help ) respect to ^! out] matt]s4 ,:5 ,i proce$$ to take my plot ( l& at ,patricr(t "s ( my fri5ds ?\ght x a v bold /roke1 especially = a "y man :o _h be5 only ab\t ?ree ye>s 9 bus9ess4 ,nev]!less1 !re 7 o!rs :o wat*$ my progress ) special int]e/1 & 7 will+ to jo9 9 my adv5ture--?\gh adv5ture x 0 n4 ,!y 7 ready to take a f9ancial int]e/ 9 my affairs4 ,!y did me ! complim5t ( ?9k+ me a good inve/m5t1 by (f]+ to place _! capital 9 my conc]n z sleep+ p>tn]s4 ,b ,i 0 already beyond ! sleep+ p>tn] /ate ( affairs4 ,:oev] jo9$ me mu/ "w z en]getically z ,i did1 & mu/ give ! faculties ( 8 m9d to ! prosp]ity ( ! conc]n4 ,i communicat$ ! (f]s ,i _h receiv$ to my highly judici\s fri5d ,edw>d ,lloyd4 ,he 0 always will+ to advise me1 ?\gh ,i took c>e nev] to encroa* ^u 8 k9dness4 ,he concurr$ ) my views1 & advis$ me to fight %y ( sleep+ p>tn]s4 ,i !re=e cont9u$ to look out = a work+ p>tn]4 ,9 ! end ,i 0 =tunate4 ,my fri5d1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,jeavons1 ( ,liv]pool1 hav+ be5 in=m$ ( my desire1 made inquiries1 & f\nd ! man likely to suit me4 ,he furni%$ him ) a lett] ( introduction to me1 :i* he pres5t$ "o day at ! works4 ,! "y man became my wor?y p>tn]1 ,holbrook ,gaskell4 ,he _h s]v$ 8 "t ) ,yates & ,cox1 iron m]*ants1 ( ,liv]pool4 ,hav+ obta9$ consid]able exp]i5ce 9 ! comm]cial details ( t bus9ess1 & be+ possess$ ( a mod]ate am\nt ( capital1 he 0 desir\s ( jo9+ me1 & emb>k+ 8 =tune ) m9e4 ,he 0 to take *>ge ( ! c\nt+-h\se dep>tm5t1 & conduct su* portion ( ! correspond5ce z did n require any special te*nical k ( me*anical eng9e]+4 ,! latt] mu/ necess>ily rema9 9 my h&s1 because ,i f\nd t ! (f-h& sket*es :i* ,i introduc$ 9 my lett]s z explanatory ( me*anical designs & sugge/ions 7 mu* m intelligible ?an any am\nt ( writt5 words4 ,i 0 mu* pleas$ ) ! frank & fri5dly mann] ( ,mr4 ,gaskell1 & ,i believe t ! feel+ betwe5 u 0 mutual4 ,) ! usual /raight =w>dness t prevails 9 ,lanca%ire1 ! articles ( p>tn]%ip 7 at once drawn up & sign$1 & ! firm ( ,nasmy? & ,gaskell began4 ,we cont9u$ work+ toge!r ) he>ty zeal = a p]iod ( sixte5 successive ye>s2 & ,i believe ,mr4 ,gaskell _h no reason to regret 8 connection ) ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry4 ,! reason ( ,mr4 ,gaskell leav+ ! conc]n 0 ! /ate ( 8 heal?4 ,aft] 8 long p>tn]%ip ) me1 he 0 attack$ by a s]i\s illness1 :5 8 m$ical advis] e>ne/ly recomm5d$ him to retire f all bus9ess affairs4 ,?is 0 ! cause ( 8 reluctant retirem5t4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ! al>m+ symptoms dep>t$1 & he recov]$ 8 =m] heal?4 ,he !n emb>k$ 9 an ext5sive soda manufactory1 9 conjunction ) "o ( our pupils1 ^: ta/e = *emi/ry 0 m attractive to him ?an eng9e-mak+4 ,a prosp]\s bus9ess 0 e/abli%$1 & at ! "t ,i write ^! l9es ,mr4 ,gaskell cont9ues a hale & heal?y man1 ! possessor ( a l>ge =tune1 accumulat$ by ! skilful mann] 9 :i* he has conduct$ 8 ext5sive affairs4 ,,*apt] #ab4 ,free ,trade 9 ,ability--,! ,/rike--,dea? ( my ,fa!r ,i _h no difficulty 9 obta9+ abundance ( skill$ workm5 9 ,s\? ,lanca%ire & ,*e%ire4 ,i 0 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,man*e/]1 :i* =ms ! c5tre ( a population gift$ ) me*anical in/9ct4 ,f an e>ly p]iod ! f9e/ sort ( me*anical "w has be5 turn$ out 9 t "p ( ,engl&4 ,mu* ( ! tal5t is inh]it$4 ,x desc5ds f fa!r to son1 & develops itself f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,i may m5tion "o curi\s circum/ance connect$ ) ! p$igree ( ,man*e/]3 t mu* ( ! me*anical excell5ce ( its workm5 desc5ds f ! ,norman smi?s & arm\r]s introduc$ into ! neighb\rhood at ! ,norman ,conque/ by ,hugo de ,lupus1 ! *ief arm\r] ( ,william ! ,conqu]or1 aft] ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 9 #ajff4 ,i 0 fir/ in=m$ ( ?is circum/ance by ,william ,/ubbs ( ,w>r+ton1 !n mak] ( ! celebrat$ ,lanca%ire files4 ,! ,p4 ,s41 or ,pet] ,/ubbs's files1 7 s va/ly sup]ior to o!r files1 bo? 9 ! sup]iority ( ! /eel & 9 ! p]fection ( ! cutt+1 :i* long reta9$ its effici5cy1 t e workman glori$ 9 ! possession & use ( su* durable tools4 ,be+ naturally int]e/$ 9 ev]y?+ connect$ ) tools & me*anics1 ,i 0 exce$+ly anxi\s to visit ! factory :]e ^! admirable files 7 made4 ,i obta9$ an introduction to ,william ,/ubbs1 !n head ( ! firm1 & 0 receiv$ by him ) mu* cordiality :5 ,i ask$ him if ,i might be fav\r$ ) a sight ( 8 factory1 he repli$ t he _h no factory1 z su*2 & t all he _h to d 9 supply+ 8 l>ge w>eh\se 0 to s]ve out ! requisite quantities ( pure ca/ /eel z rods & b>s to ! workm52 & t !y1 on _! "p1 =g$ ! metal into files ( e description at _! own cottage work%ops1 pr9cipally situat$ 9 ! neighb\r+ c\nties ( ,*e%ire & ,lanca%ire4 ,?is in=mation surpris$ z well z pleas$ me4 ,mr4 ,/ubbs proce$$ to give me an acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ?is peculi> sy/em ( cottage manufacture 9 8 neighb\rhood4 ,x appe>s t ,hugo de ,lupus1 ,william ! ,conqu]or's ,ma/] ( ,arms1 ! fir/ ,e>l ( ,*e/]1 settl$ 9 ,nor? ,*e%ire %ortly aft] ! ,conque/4 ,he occupi$ ,halton ,ca/le1 & 8 workm5 resid$ 9 ,w>r+ton & ! adjac5t villages ( ,appleton1 ,widnes1 ,prescot1 & ,cu]dley4 ,!re !y produc$ coats ( /eel1 mail arm\r1 & /eel & iron weapons1 "u ! direct sup]9t5d5ce ( _! *ief4 ,! manufacture ?us f\nd$ cont9u$ = _m c5turies4 ,al?\gh ! use ( arm\r 0 discont9u$1 ! work]s 9 /eel & iron /ill cont9u$ fam\s4 ,! skill t _h =m]ly be5 employ$ 9 =g+ *a9 arm\r & w> in/rum5ts 0 devot$ to m peaceful purposes4 ,! cottage workm5 made ! be/ ( files & /eel tools ( o!r k9ds4 ,_! tal5ts became h]$it>y1 & ! manufacture ( wire 9 all its =ms is almo/ peculi> to ,w>r+ton & ! neighb\rhood4 ,mr4 ,/ubbs also in=m$ me t mo/ ( ! workm5's peculi> names = tools & implem5ts 7 traceable to old ,norman-,fr5* words4 ,he also /at$ t at ,prescot a peculi> class ( workm5 has long be5 e/abli%$1 celebrat$ = _! great skill 9 clock & wat*mak+2 & t1 9 8 op9ion1 !y 7 ! direct desc5dants ( a sw>m ( workm5 f ,hugo de ,lupus's orig9al ,norman hive ( ref9$ metal-work]s1 dat+ f ! "t ( ! ,conque/4 ,to return to my n>rative4 ,9 ! mid/ ( su* a habitually indu/ri\s population1 x w be obvi\s t !re 0 no difficulty 9 f9d+ a suffici5t supply ( able workm54 ,x 0 = ! mo/ "p ! mo/ /eady1 respectable1 & well-conduct$ classes ( me*anics :o s\ght my employm5t--n only = ! good wages !y receiv$1 b = ! sake ( _! own heal? & t ( _! families2 = x w be rememb]$ t ! f\ndry & ! workm5's dwell+s 7 surr\nd$ by ! fre%1 free1 op5 c\ntry4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s ! locality became a ?riv+ colony ( skill$ me*anics4 ,9 ord] to add to ! accommodation ( ! increas+ numb]s1 an additional portion ( l&1 am\nt+ to eight acres1 0 leas$ f ,squire ,traf=d on ! same t]ms z be=e4 ,on ?is l& suitable h\ses & cottages = ! =em5 & workm5 7 erect$4 ,at ! same "t sub/antial brick work%ops 7 built 9 accordance ) my orig9al g5]al plan1 to meet ! requirem5ts ( our rapidly exp&+ bus9ess1 until at l5g? a l>ge & commodi\s factory 0 erect$1 z %[n 9 ! annex$ engrav+4 ,image ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry ,patricr(t4 ,f a pa9t+ by ,alex&] ,nasmy?4 ,! village ( ,worsley1 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,bridgewat] ,canal1 suppli$ u ) a valuable set ( workm54 ,!y 71 9 ! fir/ place1 lab\r]s2 b1 l all ,lanca%ire m51 !y 7 naturally possess$ ( a quick aptitude = me*anical occupations connect$ ) ma*9]y4 ,our *ief employm5t ( ^! s-call$ lab\r]s 0 9 transport+ heavy ca/+s & p>ts ( ma*9]y f "o place to ano!r4 ,to d ?is prop]ly requir$ great c>e & judgm5t1 9 ord] t ! p>ts might n be di/urb$1 & t ! me*anics might proce$ t[>ds _! completion )\t any unnecess>y delay4 ,none b ^? :o h _h practical acqua9tance ) ! importance ( hav+ skilful lab\r]s to p]=m ^! app>5tly humble1 b 9 reality v important functions1 c =m an adequate idea ( ! value ( su* s]vices4 ,all ! requisite qualities we requir$ 7 f\nd 9 ! ,worsley lab\r]s4 ,!y _h be5 accu/om$ to ! heavie/ class ( "w 9 connection ) ! ,bridgewat] ,canal4 ,!y _h be5 ?or\ghly tra9$ 9 ! h&l+ ( all mann] ( pond]\s objects4 ,!y p]=m$ _! "w ) en]gy & will+ness4 ,x 0 q a treat to me to look on & obs]ve _! rapid & skilful op]ations 9 lift+ & transport+ pond]\s portions ( ma*9]y1 9 :i* a va/ am\nt ( co/ly "w _h be5 embodi$4 ,aft] ! ma*9es or eng9es _h be5 f9i%$1 x 0 ! bus9ess ( ! same workm5 to remove !m f ! work%ops to ! railway-sid+ alongside ! f\ndry1 or to ! boats at ! canal :>f4 ,9 all ^! matt]s ! ,worsley m5 c\ld be ?or\ghly dep5d$ ^u4 ,:]e !y %[$ ! possession1 9 any special degree1 ( a true me*anical faculty1 ,i 0 enabl$ to select f ! work+ lab\r]s ! mo/ effective m5 to take *>ge ( ! l>ge/ & mo/ p[]ful ma*9e tools--su* z plan+ ma*9es1 la!s1 & bor+ ma*9es4 ,! ease & rapidity ) :i* !y caught up all ! te*nical arts & manipulations connect$ ) ! effective work+ ( ^! ma*9es 0 extraord9>y4 ,! results 7 entirely satisfactory to myself1 z well z to ! m5 !mselves1 by ! sub/antial rise 9 _! wages :i* foll[$ _! advancem5t to high] grades ( lab\r4 ,?us ,i _h no difficulty 9 mann+ my ma*9e tools by draw+ my recruits f ?is zeal\s & en]getic class ( ,worsley lab\r]s4 ,x is by ?is selection ( ! fitte/ t ! true s\rce ( ! prosp]ity ( e l>ge manufactur+ e/abli%m5t dep5ds4 ,i believe t ,free ,trade 9 ,ability has a mu* clos] relation to national prosp]ity ?an ev5 ,free ,trade 9 ,commodities4 ,b "h ,i came into collision ) ano!r class ( workm5--^? :o are ( op9ion t employ]s %\ld select = promotion1 n ^? :o are ! fitte/ & mo/ skilful1 b ^? :o h s]v$ a sev5 ye>s' appr5tice%ip & are memb]s ( a ,trades' ,union4 ,x seem$ to me t ?is int]f]5ce ) ! free selection & promotion ( ! fitte/ 0 at v>iance ) free *oice ( ! be/ m51 & t x 0 calculat$1 if c>ri$ out1 to /rike at ! root ( ! *ief s\rce ( our prosp]ity4 ,if e workman ( ! same class w5t 9 ! same rut1 & 7 paid ! same uni=m rate ( wages1 irrespective ( 8 natural or acquir$ ability1 su* a sy/em w\ld de/roy ! emulative _s :i* =ms ! *ief basis ( manipulative effici5cy & practical skill1 & on :i*1 9 my op9ion1 ! prosp]ity ( our manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts ma9ly dep5ds4 ,b be=e ,i proce$ to ref] to ! /rike ( ,unioni/s1 :i* = a "t ?reat5$ to de/roy1 or at all ev5ts to imp$e ! _s ( ent]prise & ! free *oice ( skilful workm51 9 :i* ,i desir$ to conduct ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry1 ,i desire to say a few words ab\t ^? excell5t help]s1 ! =em5 eng9e]s1 :o zeal\sly help$ me 9 my und]tak+ f beg9n+ to end4 ,i mu/ place my mo/ wor?y1 zeal\s1 & fai?ful ,ar*y ,torry at ! top ( ! li/4 ,he rose f be+ my only workman :5 ,i fir/ />t$ 9 ,man*e/]1 to be my *ief g5]al =eman4 ,! en]gy & devotion :i* he br\ght to be> ^u my int]e/s set a high example to all 9 my employm5t4 ,al?\gh he 0 9 "s respects defici5t 9 8 k ( ! high] pr9ciples ( eng9e]+ & me*anical con/ruction1 ,i 0 always ready to supply t defect4 ,8 he>ty zeal & *e]ful temp]1 & 8 en]getic movem5t :5 among ! m51 _h a sympa!tic influ5ce ^u all ab\t him4 ,8 voice _h ! same sort ( influ5ce ^u !m z ! drum & fife on a soldi]'s m>*3 x quick5$ _! movem5ts4 ,we 7 (t5 call$ 9 by our neighb\r manufactur]s to repair a breakd[n ( _! eng9es4 ,t 0 always a sad disa/]1 z all h&s 7 idle until ! repair 0 effect$4 ,ar*y 0 9 8 glory on su* occasions4 ,by 8 ready zeal & en]gy he soon got ov] ! difficulty1 repair$ ! eng9es1 & set ! p to "w aga94 ,he became q fam\s 9 ^! cases ( extreme urg5cy4 ,he nev] sp>$ himself1 & 8 example _h an excell5t effect ^u e workman "u him4 ,ano!r ( my fav\rite work%op lieut5ants 0 ,james ,hutton4 ,he _h be5 lead+ =eman to my wor?y fri5d ,george ,d\glass1 ( ,old ,br\ghton1 ,ed9burgh4 ,he 0 fully t5 ye>s my s5ior1 & :5 work+ at ,d\glass's ,i look$ up to him z a man ( au?ority4 ,i _h obta9$ f him _m a valuable wr9kle 9 me*anical & te*nical con/ruction4 ,aft] ,i left ,ed9burgh he _h emigrat$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! purpose ( bett]+ 8 condition4 ,b he promis$ me t if disappo9t$ 9 8 hopes ( settl+ !re1 he %\ld be glad to come into my s]vice if ,i 0 ev] 9 a position to give him employm5t4 ,%ortly aft] my removal to ,patricr(t1 & :5 ev]y?+ _h be5 got into full work+ ord]1 ,i receiv$ a lett] f him 9 :i* he said t he 0 anxi\s to return to ,engl&1 & ask+ if !re 0 any vacancy 9 our e/abli%m5t t he might be employ$ to fill up4 ,x s happ5$ t ! =eman%ip ( turn]s 0 !n vacant4 ,i in=m$ ,hutton ( ! po/2 & on 8 return to ,engl& he 0 duly enroll$ 9 our /aff4 ,! situation 0 a v important "o1 & ,hutton fill$ x admirably4 ,he 0 a s\nd practical man1 & ?or\ghly knew e dep>tm5t ( eng9e]+ me*anism4 ,z ,i _h provid$ small sep>ate rooms or (fices = e dep>tm5t ( ! e/abli%m5t = ! use ( ! =em51 :]e !y kept _! memor&a & special tools1 ,i _h (t5 ! pleasure ( conf]r+ ) ,hutton z to "s po9t ( int]e/1 or :5 ,i wi%$ to pass my ideas & designs ?r\gh ! ordeal ( 8 judgm5t1 9 ord] t ,i might f9d out any lurk+ defect 9 "s propos$ me*anical arrangem5t4 ,be=e he gave an op9ion1 ,hutton always took a p9* ( snuff to /imulate 8 intellect1 or r to give him a little "t = consid]ation4 ,he w\ld turn ! subject ov] 9 8 m9d4 ,b ,i knew t ,i c\ld tru/ 8 ke5ness ( insight4 ,he w\ld give 8 v]dict c>efully1 %rewdly1 & tru?fully4 ,hutton rema9$ a fai?ful & valu$ s]vant 9 ! conc]n = ne>ly ?irty ye>s1 & di$ at a ripe old age4 ,not)/&+ 8 me*anical intellig5ce1 ,hutton 0 ( too cauti\s a temp]am5t to h act$ z a g5]al =eman or manag]1 o!rwise he w\ld h be5 elevat$ to t position4 ,a man may be admirable 9 details1 b be want+ 9 wid?1 bread?1 & l>g5ess ( temp]am5t & intellect4 ,! man :o possesses ! latt] gifts becomes great 9 organisation2 he soon ceases to be a h&1 & becomes a head1 & su* m5 g5]ally rise f ! employ$ to be ! employ]4 ,ano!r ( my excell5t assi/ants 0 ,john ,cl]k4 ,he _h be5 = a long "t 9 ! s]vice ( ,fairbairn & ,lillie2 b hav+ _h a s]i\s diff]5ce ) "o ( ! =em51 he left _! s]vice ) excell5t recomm5dations4 ,i soon aft] engag$ him z =eman ( ! patt]n-mak+ dep>tm5t4 ,he 0 a mo/ able man 9 "s ( ! m important bran*es ( me*anical eng9e]+4 ,he _h1 besides1 an excell5t k ( build+ op]ations4 ,i f\nd him ( great use 9 sup]9t5d+ ! erection ( ! additional work%ops :i* 7 requir$ 9 proportion z our bus9ess ext5d$4 ,he made out full-siz$ *alk-l9e draw+s f my orig9al p5cil sket*es1 on ! l>ge floor ( ! patt]n /ore1 & f ^! 7 =m$ ! work+ draw+s = ! new build+s4 ,he _h a wond]ful p[] ( rapidity & cle>ness 9 appreh5d+ new subjects1 & ! way 9 :i* he depict$ !m 9 l>ge draw+s 0 q ma/]ly4 ,john ,cl]k & ,i sp5t _m an h\r on our knees toge!r on ! patt]n /ore floor1 & ! result ( our delib]ations usually 0 "s sub/antial addition to ! work%ops ( ! f\ndry1 or "s extra l>ge & p[]ful ma*9e tool4 ,?is wor?y man left our s]vice to become a p>tn] 9 an eng9e]+ conc]n 9 ,irel&2 & ?\gh he ri*ly des]v$ 8 promotion1 he left u to our v great regret4 ,! la/ ( our =em5 to :om ,i %all ref] 0 wor?y ,?omas ,crewdson4 ,he ent]$ our s]vice z a smi?1 9 :i* pursuit he display$ great skill4 ,we soon not$ ! high ord] ( 8 natural ability2 promot$ him f ! ranks1 & made him =eman ( ! smi?'s & =ge-"w dep>tm5t4 ,9 ?is he display$ e quality ( excell5ce1 n only 9 see+ to ! turn+ out ( ! =ge "w 9 ! highe/ /ate ( p]fection1 b 9 manag+ ! m5 "u 8 *>ge ) su* k9d discretion z to ma9ta9 ! mo/ p]fect h>mony 9 ! work%ops4 ,?is is always a matt] ( great importance --t ! =eman %\ld inspire ! workm5 ) 8 own _s1 & keep up _! h>mony & activity to ! mo/ productive po9t4 ,crewdson 0 s sy/ematic 9 8 use ( "t t we f\nd t he 0 able also to und]take ! =eman%ip ( ! boil]-mak+ dep>tm5t1 9 addition to t ( ! smi? "w2 & to ?is he 0 aft]w>ds appo9t$1 ) highly satisfactory results to all conc]n$4 ,s /rongly & cle>ly impress$ is my m9d ) ! recollection ( ! valuable assi/ance :i* ,i receiv$ dur+ my eng9e]+ life f ^? viceg]5ts ( practical managem5t at ,patricr(t1 t ,i feel t ,i _c proce$ fur!r 9 my n>rative )\t ?us plac+ ! m]its ( ^! wor?y m5 ^u record4 ,x 0 a s\rce ( great good =tune to me to be associat$ ) !m1 & ,i consid] !m to h be5 among ! mo/ important elem5ts 9 ! prosp]ity ( ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry4 ,!re 7 _m o!rs1 9 comp>atively humble positions1 :om ,i h also reason to rememb] ) gratitude4 ,9 all well-conduct$ conc]ns ! law ( selection ( ! fitte/ soon] or lat] comes into happy action1 :5 a loyal & atta*$ set ( m5 "w toge!r h>moni\sly = _! own advantage z well z = t ( _! employ]s4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 )\t "s difficulty t we 7 all[$ to c>ry out our views z to ,free ,trade 9 ,ability4 ,z ! build+s 7 increas$1 m m5 7 tak5 on--f ,man*e/]1 ,bolton1 ,liv]pool1 z well z f m di/ant places4 ,we 7 soon made to feel t our idea ( promot+ workm5 accord+ to _! m]its1 & advanc+ !m to improv$ positions & high] wages 9 proportion to _! skill1 ability1 indu/ry1 & natural intellig5ce1 0 q contr>y to ! views ( _m ( our new employees4 ,!y took advantage ( a l>ge access ( ord]s = ma*9]y1 :i* !y knew _h come into ! f\ndry1 to wait ^u u sudd5ly1 & to lay d[n _! ,trade ,union law = our obs]vance4 ,! m5 :o wait$ ^u u 7 deput$ by ! ,eng9e] ,me*anics' ,trades' ,union to in=m u t !re 7 m5 9 our employm5t :o 7 n1 z !y t]m$ x1 legally entitl$ to ! trade2 t is1 !y _h nev] s]v$ a regul> sev5 ye>s' appr5tice%ip4 ,^! m51 said ! delegates1 are fill+ up ! places1 & keep+ out ( "w1 ! legal h&s4 ,we 7 accord+ly reque/$ to dis*>ge ! workm5 :om we _h promot$1 9 ord] to make room = memb]s ( ! ,trades' ,union4 ,to h compli$ ) ?is reque/ w\ld h alt]$ ! :ole pr9ciples & practice on :i* we desir$ to conduct our bus9ess4 ,i wi%$1 & my p>tn] agre$ ) me1 to /imulate m5 to /eadfa/ & skilful "w by ! hope ( promotion4 ,x 0 ?us t ,i _h tak5 sev]al ( ! ,worsley m5 f ! rank ( lab\r]s1 & rais$ !m to ! class me*anics ) correspond+ly high] wages4 ,we 7 p]fectly satisfi$ ) ! conduct ( ^! workm51 & ) ! productive results ( _! lab\r4 ,we ?\ght x fair to !m z well z to ourselves to resi/ ! ord] to dis*>ge !m1 & we consequ5tly firmly refus$ to submit to ! dictation ( ! ,unioni/s4 ,! delegates left u ) a di/9ct intimation t if we cont9u$ to reta9 ! illegal m5 9 our employm5t !y w\ld call out ! ,union m51 & /rike until ! grievance 0 r$ress$4 ,! ,unioni/s1 no d\bt1 fix$ ^u ! "r "t to place _! case be=e u4 ,we want$ m workm5 to execute ! advantage\s ord]s :i* _h come 92 & !y ?\ght t ! /rike w\ld put an entire /op to our op]ations4 ,on engag+ ! workm5 we _h nev] up to ?is "t conc]n$ ourselves ) ! "q ( :e!r !y belong$ to ! ,trades' ,union or n4 ,! only pro( we requir$ ( a man 0 ,ability4 ,if1 aft] a week's exp]i5ce1 he prov$ himself an effici5t workman1 we engag$ him4 ,! /rike took place4 ,all ! ,union m5 7 call$ out1 & left ! works4 ,_m ( !m express$ _! great regret at leav+ u1 z !y 7 p]fectly satisfi$ ) _! employm5t z well z ) _! remun]ation4 ,b !y 7 nev]!less compell$ to obey ! m&ate ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,! result 0 t m ?an half ( our m5 left u4 ,^? :o rema9$ 7 v zeal\s4 ,no?+ c\ld exce$ _! activity & workfulness4 ,we appeal$ to our employ]s4 ,!y 7 mo/ consid]ate 9 n press+ u = ! spe$y execution ( ! "w we _h 9 h&4 ,we made applications 9 ! neighb\rhood = o!r me*anics 9 lieu ( ^? :o _h left u4 ,b ! m5 on /rike1 "u ord]s f ! ,union1 e/abli%$ pickets r\nd ! works1 :o 7 only too effici5t 9 prev5t+ ^? desir\s ( obta9+ employm5t f gett+ access to ! f\ndry4 ,our position = a "t seem$ to be hopeless4 ,we c\ld n f9d workm5 en\gh to fill our %ops or to execute our ord]s4 ,:at 7 we to d "u ! circum/ances8 ,we c\ld n f9d me*anics 9 ! neighb\rhood2 b might !y n1 be f\nd else:]e8 ,:y n br+ !m f a di/ance8 ,we det]m9$ to try4 ,adv]tisem5ts 7 ins]t$ 9 ! ,scot* newspap]s1 ann\nc+ our want ( me*anics1 smi?s1 & f\ndrym54 ,we appo9t$ an ag5t 9 ,ed9burgh1 to :om applications 7 to be made4 ,we 7 soon 9 receipt ( ! welcome intellig5ce t numb]s ( ! be/ class ( me*anics _h appli$1 & t our ag5t's pr9cipal difficulty consi/$ 9 mak+ ! prop] selection f among/ !m4 ,a selection 01 h[ev]1 made ( ov] sixty m51 :o appe>$ 9 e respect likely to suit u4 ,) true ,scot* caution !y deput$ two ( _! numb] to visit our works & satisfy !mselves z to ! real /ate ( ! case4 ,we _h great pleasure 9 receiv+ ^! two cle>-head$ cauti\s pione]s4 ,we %[$ !m ov] ! work%ops1 & po9t$ out ! habitations 9 ! neighb\rhood ) _! attractive surr\nd+s4 ,! m5 return$ to _! con/itu5ts1 & gave su* a gl[+ acc\nt ( _! mission t we _h no difficulty 9 obta9+ ! m5 we requir$4 ,inde$1 we might easily h obta9$ ?ree times ! numb] ( effici5t me*anics4 ,sixty-f\r ( ! mo/ likely m5 7 ev5tually select$1 m5 9 ! z5i? ( _! physical p[]s4 ,we made arrangem5ts = _! conveyance to ,glasg[1 f :5ce !y />t$ = ,liv]pool by /eam]4 ,!y l&$ 9 a body at ! latt] port1 _m ( !m accompani$ by _! wives & *ildr51 & eight-day clocks6 ,a special tra9 0 engag$ = ! conveyance ( ! :ole--m51 wom51 & *ildr51 bag & baggage--f ,liv]pool to ,patricr(t1 :]e suitable accommodation _h be5 provid$ = !m4 ,! arrival ( s p[]ful a body ( m5 made a great s5sation 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! m5 7 /rong1 respectable look+1 & well dress$4 ,! pickets 7 dumf\nd]$4 ,!y 7 bru%$ to "o side by ! fre% arrivals4 ,!y felt t _! game 0 up1 & !y sudd5ly dep>t$4 ,! m5 7 tak5 ov] ! work%ops1 ) :i* !y appe>$ q delight$4 ,!y 7 told to be ready to />t next morn+ at six1 aft] :i* !y dep>t$ to _! lodg+s4 ,! morn+ arriv$ & ! gallant sixty-f\r 7 all pres5t4 ,aft] allott+ to ea* 8 special "w1 !y gave ?ree he>ty *e]s1 & disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! work%ops4 ,we _h no reason to regret ! results :i* 7 effect$ ?r\gh ! /rike ord]$ by ! ,trades' ,union4 ,! new m5 work$ ) a w4 ,!y 7 en]getic1 zeal\s1 & skilful4 ,!y soon gave evid5ce ( _! g5]al h&9ess & effici5cy 9 all ! dep>tm5ts ( "w 9 :i* !y 7 engag$4 ,we 7 ?us enabl$ to c>ry out our practice ( ,free ,trade 9 ,ability 9 our own way1 & we 7 no long] int]f]$ ) 9 our promotion ( workm5 :o s]v$ u be/4 ,9 %ort1 we _h scot*$ ! /rike2 we conqu]$ ! ,union 9 _! wily attempt to get u "u _! )]+ control2 & ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry resum$ its wont$ activity 9 e dep>tm5t4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds a great s\rce ( happ9ess to me to walk ?r\gh ! v>i\s work%ops & obs]ve ! *e]ful & intellig5t c\nt5ances ( ! new m51 & to note ! en]getic skill ) :i* !y us$ _! tools 9 ! advancem5t ( _! "w4 ,g5]al h&9ess is "o ( ! _m valuable results t issues f ! practice ( h&l+ ! v>iety ( mat]ials :i* are m or less employ$ 9 me*anical /ructures4 ,at ! "t t ,i ref] to1 ! skilful workm5 employ$ 9 ! eng9e]+ e/abli%m5ts ( ,scotl& 7:i* 7 !n comp>atively small 9 size7 7 accu/om$ to use all mann] ( me*anical tools4 ,!y c\ld h&le ) equally good effect ! saw1 ! plane1 ! file1 & ! *isel2 &1 z occasion requir$1 !y c\ld exhibit _! skill at ! smi?'s =ge ) ! hamm] & ! anvil4 ,?is 0 ! k9d ( workm5 ) :i* ,i _h re9=c$ ! f\ndry4 ,! m5 _h be5 br$ to v>i\s bran*es ( me*anics4 ,"s _h be5 blacksmi?s1 o!rs c>p5t]s1 /one masons1 brass or iron f\nd]s2 b all ( !m 7 h&y m54 ,!y m]ely adopt$ ! occupation ( ma*9e & /eam-eng9e mak]s because x (f]$ a wid] field = ! ex]cise ( _! skill & en]gy4 ,i may "h be all[$ to rem>k t we owe ! greate/ advances 9 me*anical inv5tion to ,free ,trade 9 ,ability4 ,if we look c>efully into ! n>ratives ( ! lives ( ! mo/ rem>kable eng9e]s1 we %all f9d t !y ow$ v little to ! sev5 ye>s' rut 9 :i* !y 7 tra9$4 ,!y ow$ ev]y?+ to innate indu/ry1 en]gy1 skill1 & opportunity4 ,?us1 ,br9dley advanc$ f ! position ( a millwright to t ( a canal eng9e]2 ,smeaton & ,watt1 f be+ ma!matical in/rum5t mak]s1 advanc$ to high] positions1--! "o to be ! inv5tor ( ! mod]n ligh?\se1 ! o!r to be ! inv5tor ( ! cond5s+ /eam-eng9e4 ,"s ( ! mo/ celebrat$ me*anical & civil eng9e]s--su* z ,r5nie1 ,cubitt1 & ,fairbairn--7 orig9ally millwrights4 ,all ^! m5 7 _m-h&$4 ,!y _h _m sides to _! intellect4 ,!y 7 res\rceful m54 ,!y af=d ! be/ illu/rations ( ! result ( ,free ,trade 9 ,ability4 ,! p]si/5t aim at an indol5t equality :i* ,union m5 aim at1 is "o ( ! greate/ h9drances to indu/rial progress4 ,:5 ! ,union ,delegates call$ ^u me to insi/ t none b m5 :o _h s]v$ sev5 ye>s' appr5tice%ip %\ld be employ$ 9 ! works1 ,i told !m t ,i pref]r$ employ+ a man :o _h acquir$ ! requisite me*anical skill 9 two ye>s r ?an ano!r :o 0 s /upid z to require sev5 ye>s' tea*+4 ,! delegates reg>d$ ?is /atem5t z prepo/]\s & h]etical4 ,9 fact1 x 0 utt] high treason4 ,b 9 ! long run we c>ri$ our po9t4 ,x is true1 we _h "s ind5ture-b\nd appr5tices4 ,^! 7 pupils :o paid premiums4 ,9 c]ta9 cases we c\ld n v well refuse to take !m4 ,"s ( !m caus$ a great deal ( annoyance & di/urbance4 ,!y 7 irregul> 9 _! att5dance1 consequ5tly !y c\ld n be dep5d$ ^u = ! regul> op]ations ( ! f\ndry4 ,!y 7 c>eless 9 _! "w1 & set a bad example to ! o!rs4 ,we endeav\r$ to *eck ?is di/urb+ elem5t by /ipulat+ t ! premium %\ld be payable 9 six mon?s' portions1 & t ea* p>ty %\ld be free to t]m9ate ! connection at ! end ( ea* succe$+ six mon?s4 ,by ?is sy/em we secur$ m c>e & regul>ity on ! "p ( ! pupil appr5tices2 z1 :ile x *eck$ inatt5tion & irregul>ity1 x (f]$ a direct & sub/antial enc\ragem5t to zeal & indu/ry4 ,b ! arrangem5t :i* we greatly pref]r$ 0 to employ intellig5t well-conduct$ "y lads1 ! sons ( lab\r]s or me*anics1 & advance !m by degrees accord+ to _! m]its4 ,!y took *>ge ( ! small] ma*9e tools1 by :i* ! m9or details ( ! ma*9es 9 progress 7 br\ght into exact =m )\t hav+ rec\rse to ! untru/wor?y & co/ly process ( *ipp+ & fil+4 ,a _s ( emulation 0 excit$ among/ ! lads4 ,!y vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 execut+ _! "w ) precision4 ,^? :o excell$ 7 paid an extra weekly wage4 ,9 c\rse ( "t !y took pride1 n only 9 ! quantity b 9 ! quality ( _! "w2 & 9 ! long run !y became skilful me*anics4 ,we 7 always mo/ prompt to recognise _! progress 9 a sub/antial mann]4 ,!re 0 ! mo/ p]fect fre$om betwe5 employ] & employ$4 ,e "o ( ^! lads 0 at lib]ty to leave at ! end ( ea* day's "w4 ,?is arrangem5t act$ z an ev]-pres5t *eck ^u ma/] & appr5tice4 ,! only bond ( union betwe5 u 0 mutual int]e/4 ,! be/ ( ! lads rema9$ 9 our s]vice because !y knew our "w & 7 pleas$ ) ! surr\nd+s2 :ile we on our "p 7 always desir\s ( reta9+ ! m5 we _h tra9$1 because we knew we c\ld dep5d ^u !m4 ,no?+ c\ld h be5 m satisfactory ?an ! mann] 9 :i* ?is sy/em work$4 ,9 ,may #ahce ,i _h ! great happ9ess ( receiv+ a visit f my de> fa!r4 ,i 0 !n 9 ,dale ,/reet1 ,man*e/]1 :]e my floor 0 ov]load$ ) ! "w 9 progress4 ,my fa!r cont9u$ to take a great int]e/ 9 me*anical und]tak+s1 & he 0 pleas$ ) ! prosp]ity :i* _h foll[$ my settlem5t 9 ?is great manufactur+ c5tre4 ,he c\ld /ill see 8 own la!1 driv5 by /eam p[]1 9 full op]ation = ! b5efit ( 8 son4 ,8 fame z an arti/ 0 well kn[n 9 ,man*e/]1 = _m ( 8 works 7 possess$ by ! be/ m5 ( ! t[n4 ,i _h ! pleasure ( introduc+ him to ! ,bro!rs ,grant1 ,john ,k5n$y1 ,edw>d ,lloyd1 ,george ,murray1 ,james ,fraz]1 ,william ,fairbairn1 & ,hugh & ,joseph ,birley1 all ( :om gave him a mo/ cordial welcome1 & invit$ him to enjoy _! hospitality4 ,image ,alex&] ,nasmy?4 ,aft] a cameo by ,samuel ,joseph ,9 #ahch he visit$ me aga94 ,i _h remov$ to ,patricr(t1 & ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry 0 9 full op]ation4 ,my fa!r 0 !n 9 8 eightie? ye>4 ,he 0 /ill full ( life & intellect4 ,he 0 va/ly delight$ 9 witness+ ! rapid progress :i* ,i _h made s9ce 8 fir/ visit4 ,he took 8 daily walk ?r\gh ! work%ops1 :]e _m processes 7 go+ on :i* greatly int]e/$ him4 ,he 0 suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! te*nical details ( me*anical "w to enjoy ! sight1 especially :5 self-act+ tools 7 employ$4 ,x 0 a great s\rce ( pleasure to him to h a crack ) ! mo/ intellig5t =em5 & me*anics4 ,^!1 on _! "p1 treat$ him ) ! mo/ k9d & respectful att5tion4 ,! ,scot* workm5 reg>d$ him ) special v5]ation4 ,!y knew t he _h be5 an intimate fri5d ( ,rob]t ,burns1 _! own be/-belov$ poet1 ^: v]ses %$ a *>m ^u _! homes1 & 7 recit$ by ! fireside1 9 ! fields1 or at ! workman's b5*4 ,!y also knew t he _h pa9t$ ! only au!ntic portrait ( _! national b>d4 ,?is fact inve/$ my fa!r ) additional int]e/ 9 _! eyes4 ,_! respect = him culm9at$ 9 a r extraord9>y demon/ration4 ,on ! la/ day ( 8 visit ! lead+ ,scot* workm5 procur$ on ! sly an arm-*air1 :i* !y fa/5$ to two /rong be>+ poles4 ,:5 my fa!r left ! works at ! bell-r++ at mid-day1 he 0 approa*$ by ! workm51 & respectfully reque/$ to take ! *air4 ,he refus$2 b x 0 ( no use4 ,he 0 l$ to ! *air1 & took x4 ,he 0 !n rais$ & c>ri$ 9 triumph to my h\se4 ,he 0 c>efully set d[n at ! little g>d5-gate1 :]e ! m5 affectionately took leave ( him1 & end$ _! cordial good wi%es = 8 safe return home ) ?ree he>ty *e]s4 ,i ne$ sc>cely say t my fa!r 0 greatly affect$ by ?is k9d demon/ration on ! "p ( ! workm54 ,8 life 0 fa/ draw+ to a close4 ,he _h borne ! heat & burd5 ( ! day2 & 0 ab\t to be tak5 home l a %ock ( corn 9 full season4 ,aft] a long & happy life1 bless$ & *e]$ by a mo/ affectionate wife1 he laid d[n 8 bru%es & w5t to re/4 ,9 8 lat] ye>s he rejoic$ 9 ! prosp]ity ( 8 *ildr51 :i* 0 all ! m agreeable z x 0 ! result ( ! example ( indu/ry & p]sev]ance :i* he _h ev] set be=e !m4 ,my fa!r untir+ly cont9u$ 8 pr(essional occupations until #ahdj1 :5 he _h atta9$ ! age ( eighty-two4 ,8 lat] works may be f\nd want+ 9 t degree ( m9ute f9i% :i* *>act]is$ 8 e>li] productions2 b 9 reg>d to _! quality !re 0 no fall+ (f1 ev5 to ! la/ picture :i* he pa9t$4 ,! delicate f9i% 0 amply comp5sat$ by ! increase 9 g5]al bread? & effectiv5ess1 s t 8 lat] works 7 ev5 m e/eem$ by 8 bro!r-arti/s4 ,! la/ picture he pa9t$ 0 f9i%$ eight days be=e 8 dea?4 ,x 0 a small "w4 ,! subject 0 a l&scape ) an autumnal ev5+ effect4 ,!re 0 a picturesque cottage 9 ! middle di/ance1 a ru/ic bridge ov] a brook 9 ! =egr\nd1 & an old lab\r+ man1 foll[$ by 8 dog1 we>ily pass+ ov] x on 8 way t[>ds 8 home4 ,f ! *imney ( 8 cottage a ?9 /reak ( blue smoke pass$ upw>d ?r\gh ! tranquil ev5+ air4 ,all ^! incid5ts sugge/$ ! idea1 :i* no d\bt he desir$ to convey1 ( ! tranquil conclusion ( 8 own long & active life1 :i* 0 !n1 too evid5tly1 draw+ to a close4 ,! %ades ( ev5+ _h come on :5 he c\ld no long] see to "w1 & he 0 oblig$ to lay d[n 8 p5cil4 ,my "m 0 at "w ) h] ne$le close by him2 & :5 he _h f9i%$ he ask$ h] :at he %\ld call ! picture4 ,n be+ ready ) an answ]1 he leant back 9 8 *air1 feel+ r fa9t1 & said1 ,well1 ,i ?9k ,i _h bett] call x ,go+ ,home4 ,& s x 0 call$4 ,next morn+ 8 /r5g? _h s fail$ him t he c\ld n get up4 ,he rema9$ !re = eight days1 & !n he pa9lessly & tranquilly pass$ away4 ,:ile on 8 dea?b$ he express$ ! desire t 8 rema9s %\ld be plac$ beside ^? ( a fav\rite son :o _h di$ 9 e>ly y\?4 ,let me lie1 he said1 beside my de> ,alick4 ,8 desire 0 gratifi$4 ,he 0 buri$ beside 8 son 9 ,/4 ,cu?b]t's *ur*y>d1 "u ! gr&e/ portion ( ! great basaltic rock on :i* ,ed9burgh ,ca/le /&s4 ,8 grave is m>k$ by a f9e ,runic ,cross1 admirably sculptur$ by ,rh9d ( ,ed9burgh4 ,image ,monum5t to ,alex&] ,nasmy? ,"o ( ! k9de/ lett]s my "m receiv$ aft] h] great loss 0 "o f ,sir ,david ,wilkie4 ,x 0 dat$ #ah? ,april #ahdj4 ,i ha/51 he said1 to assure y ( my mo/ s9c]e condol5ce on y\r sev]e affliction1 feel+ t ,i c sympa?ise 9 ! privation y suff] f los+ "o :o 0 my e>lie/ pr(essional fri5d1 ^: art ,i at all times admir$1 & ^: society & conv]sation 0 p]haps ! mo/ agreeable t ,i ev] met )4 ,he 0 ! f\nd] ( ! ,l&scape ,pa9t+ ,s*ool ( ,scotl&1 & by 8 ta/e & tal5t has = _m ye>s tak5 a lead 9 ! patriotic aim ( enri*+ 8 native l& ) ! repres5tations ( h] romantic sc5]y2 &1 z ! fri5d & contempor>y ( ,ramsay1 ( ,gav9 ,hamilton1 & ! ,runcimans1 may be said to h be5 ! la/ rema9+ l9k t unites ! pres5t ) ! e>ly dawn ( ! ,scotti% ,s*ool ( ,art4 ,i may add t my "m di$ six ye>s lat]1 9 #ahdf1 at ! same age z my fa!r1 namely eighty-two4 ,,*apt] #ac4 ,my ,m>riage--,! ,/eam ,hamm] ,be=e ,i proce$ to n>rate ! lat] ev5ts ( my indu/rial life1 x is necess>y to m5tion1 incid5tally1 an important subject4 ,z x has be5 ! s\rce ( my greate/ happ9ess 9 life1 ,i _c avoid ref]r+ to x4 ,i may fir/ m5tion t my e>ne/ & unremitt+ pursuit ( all subjects & occupations1 su* z ,i conceiv$ 7 ess5tial to ! acquirem5t ( a s\nd practical k ( my pr(ession1 r5d]$ me av]se to mix+ mu* 9 g5]al society4 ,i _h accord+ly few opportunities ( enjoy+ ! society ( "y ladies4 ,nev]!less1 occasions n[ & !n occurr$ :5 bright be+s pass$ be=e me l meteors4 ,!y left impressions on my memory1 :i* 9 no small degree increas$ ! e>ne/ness ( my ex]tions to press =w>d 9 my endeav\rs to e/abli% myself 9 bus9ess1 & !reby acquire ! means ( =m+ a ,home ( my own4 ,_m circum/ances1 h[ev]1 conspir$ to delay ! ard5tly long$ = condition ( my means1 su* z %\ld induce me to solicit "s de> "o to complete my exi/5ce by h] sweet companion%ip1 & ent] ) me into ! mo/ sacr$ ( all ! p>tn]%ips ( life4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ,i 0 rew>d$ ) t success :i*1 = ! mo/ "p1 ensues ^u all hon\rable & unremitt+ bus9ess ef=ts4 ,?is *e]$ me on2 al?\gh !re 7 /ill _m causes = anxiety1 :i* made me feel t ,i mu/ n yet solicit "s de> he>t to =sake ! com=ts ( an afflu5t home to %>e ) me :at ,i knew mu/ = "s ye>s to come be an anxi\s & try+ /ruggle = com=t & comp>ative indep5d5ce4 ,i _h rea*$ my ?irtie? ye> be=e ,i c\ld v5ture to ?9k t ,i _h securely ent]$ ^u su* a c\rse ( prosp]ity z w\ld ju/ify me 9 tak+ ?is ! mo/ important /ep 9 life4 ,x may be a trite b n ! less true rem>k t "s ( ! mo/ important ev5ts orig9ate 9 app>5tly *ance occurr5ces & circum/ances1 :i* lead up to results t mat]ially influ5ce & ev5 det]m9e ! subsequ5t c\rse ( our lives4 ,i _h occasion to make a bus9ess j\rney to ,%effield on ! #b;d ( ,m>* #ahch1 & also to att5d to "s affairs ( a simil> "* at ,york4 ,z soon z ,i _h complet$ my engagem5t at ,%effield1 ,i _h to wait = m ?an two dre>y h\rs 9 mom5t>y expectation ( ! arrival ( ! coa* t 0 to take me on to ,york4 ,! coa* _h be5 delay$ by a deep fall ( sn[1 & 0 consequ5tly late4 ,:5 x arriv$1 ,i f\nd t !re 0 only "o outside place vacant2 s ,i m\nt$ to my seat4 ,x 0 a v dre>y aft]noon1 & ! sn[ 0 con/antly fall+4 ,z we approa*$ ,b>nsley ,i obs]v$1 9 ! rema9+ murky light ( ! ev5+1 ! blaze ( "s ironwork furnaces ne> at h&4 ,on inquir+ ^: works !y 71 ,i 0 in=m$ t !y belong$ to ,e>l ,fitzwilliam1 & t !y 7 "u ! managem5t ( a ,mr4 ,h>top4 ,! m5tion ( ?is "n1 c\pl$ ) ! sight ( ! ironworks1 br\ght to my recollection a k9d invitation :i* ,mr4 ,h>top _h giv5 me :ile visit+ my work%op 9 ,man*e/] to ord] "s ma*9e tools1 t x ,i ev] happ5$ to be 9 8 neighb\rhood1 he w\ld be mo/ happy to %[ me any?+ t 0 int]e/+ ab\t ! ironworks & colli]y ma*9]y "u 8 managem5t4 ,i at once decid$ to t]m9ate my dre>y ride on ! top ( ! coa*4 ,i desc5d$1 & ) my small valise 9 h& ,i trudg$ ov] "s trackless sn[-cov]$ fields1 & made my way by ! %orte/ cut t[>ds ! blaz+ iron furnaces4 ,on rea*+ !m ,i 0 in=m$ t ,mr4 ,h>top _h j gone to 8 h\se1 :i* 0 ab\t a mile di/ant4 ,i accord+ly made my way ?i!r ! be/ t ,i c\ld ?r\gh ! deep sn[4 ,i met ) a cordial welcome1 & ) ! hospitable reque/ t ,i %\ld take up my qu>t]s !re = ! night1 & h a r\nd ( ! ironworks & ! ma*9]y on ! foll[+ day4 ,i *e]fully acc$$ to ! k9d invitation4 ,i 0 !n introduc$ to 8 wife & daught] 9 a cosy room1 :]e ,i sp5t a mo/ pleasant ev5+4 ,z ,mr4 ,h>top 0 an en?usia/ 9 all matt]s relat+ to me*anism & me*anical eng9e]+ subjects g5]ally1 we f\nd pl5ty to conv]se ab\t2 :ile 8 wife & daught]1 at _! ne$lework1 li/5$ to our discussions ) e>ne/ & intellig5t att5tion4 ,on ! foll[+ day ,i 0 tak5 a r\nd ( ! ironworks1 & inspect$ _! ma*9]y1 z well z t ( ! colli]ies1 9 ! details ( :i* ,mr4 ,h>top _h introduc$ _m common-s5se & mo/ effective improvem5ts4 ,all ( ^! int]e/$ me1 & gave me mu* pleasure4 ,9 ! ev5+ we resum$ our cracks on _m subjects ( mutual int]e/4 ,! daught] jo9$ 9 our conv]sation ) ! mo/ intellig5t rem>ks2 =1 al?\gh only 9 h] tw5ty-fir/ ye>1 %e _h evid5tly made good use ( h] "t1 aid$ by h] cle> natural faculties ( %rewd obs]vation4 ,mr4 ,h>top hav+ met ) "s s]i\s rev]se ( =tune1 ow+ to ! v unsatisfactory conduct ( a p>tn]1 _h 9 a mann] to beg9 bus9ess life aga9 on 8 own acc\nt2 & al?\gh he _h to r$uce 8 dome/ic e/abli%m5t consid]ably 9 consequ5ce1 !re 0 9 all its arrangem5ts a degree ( neatness & p]fect sy/ematic ord]1 comb9$ ) _m evid5ces ( elegant ta/e & good s5se :i* p]vad$ ! :ole1 t enhanc$ 9 no small degree ! attractiv5ess ( ! h\sehold4 ,! *ief ( ^!1 h[ev]1 0 to me _! daught] ,anne6 ,i soon p]ceiv$ 9 h]1 mo/ happily & attractively comb9$1 all ! conditions t ,i c\ld hope = & desire to meet ) 9 ! de> p>tn] ( my exi/5ce4 ,z ,i _h soon to proce$ on my j\rney1 ,i took ! opportunity ( tell+ h] :at ,i felt & ?\ght1 & s ard5tly desir$ 9 reg>d to our future int]c\rse4 ,:at little ,i did say 0 to ?is great purpose2 &1 s f> z ,i c\ld judge1 all t ,i said 0 receiv$ 9 ! be/ _s t ,i c\ld desire4 ,i !n communicat$ my hopes & wi%es to ! p>5ts4 ,i expla9$ to !m my circum/ances1 :i* happily 7 !n beg9n+ to assume an enc\rag+ prospect1 & realis+1 9 a sub/antial =m1 a return = ! e>ne/ ex]tions t ,i _h made t[>ds e/abli%+ a home ( my own4 ,!y express$ _! concurr5ce 9 ! k9de/ mann]2 & x 0 arrang$ t if bus9ess cont9u$ to progress z fav\rably z ,i hop$1 our union %\ld take place 9 ab\t two ye>s f t "t4 ,ev]y?+ w5t on hopefully & prosp]\sly4 ,! two ye>s t int]v5$ look$ v long 9 "s respects1 & v %ort 9 o!rs2 = ,i 0 always fully occupi$1 & lab\r %ort5s "t4 ,at l5g? ! two ye>s came to an end4 ,my betro!d & myself cont9u$ ( ! same m9d4 ,! happy *ance ev5t ( our meet+ on ! ev5+ ( ! #b;d ( ,m>* #ahch culm9at$ 9 our m>riage at ! village *ur* ( ,w5twor? on ! #af? ( ,june #ahdj--;a day ( happy memory6 ,f t day to ?is ! c\rse ( our unit$ he>ts & lives has cont9u$ to run on ) /eady un9t]rupt$ h>mony & mutual happ9ess4 ,=ty-two ye>s ( our m>ri$ life f9ds u ! same affectionate & devot$ cronies t we 7 at ! beg9n+2 & !re is e prospect t1 "u ,god's bless+1 we %all cont9ue to be s to ! end4 ,i 0 pres5t at ! op5+ ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 on ! #ae? ( ,septemb] #ahcj4 ,e "o kn[s ! success ( ! und]tak+4 ,railways became ! rage4 ,!y 7 project$ 9 e possible direction4 ,!y 7 fir/ made betwe5 all ! l>ge t[ns1 aft] :i* bran*es 7 con/ruct$ to place ! :ole c\ntry 9 connection ) ! ma9 l9es4 ,coa*es 7 driv5 (f ! road1 & ev]y?+ appe>$ to be ?r[n into a /ate ( confusion4 ,p wond]$ greatly at ! new conditions ( travell+2 & !y flock$ f all qu>t]s to see ! railway at "w4 ,:5 ! l9e 0 op5$ f ,ed9burgh to ,glasg[1 a %eph]d & 8 wife came f beyond ! ,p5tl&s to see ! tra9 pass4 ,on x came1 & fla%$ out ( sight 9 a m9ute4 ,h[ wond]ful are ! works o' man6 exclaim$ ! %eph]d4 ,b :at's a' ! hurry =81 rejo9$ 8 wife4 ,/ill m m>vell\s1 h[ev]1 0 ! fir/ adv5ture by tra9 ( an old woman f ,newtyle to ,dundee4 ,9 ^? days ! tra9 0 let d[n "p ( ! railway by a rope4 ,! woman 0 on h] way d[n hill1 ) a basket ( eggs by h] side4 ,sudd5ly ! rope broke1 & ! tra9 da%$ into ! ,dundee ,/ation1 scatt]+ ! c>riages1 & ?r[+ out ! old woman & h] basket ( brok5 eggs4 ,a port] ran to h] help1 :51 ga!r+ h]self toge!r1 %e exclaim$1 ,odd sake1 sirs1 d'ye aye :ummil99 footnote444 ,:ummil1 to turn upside d[n4--,jamieson's ,scotti% ,diction>y4 444 u oot ?is way8 ,%e ?\ght x 0 only ! ord9>y way ( deliv]+ railway pass5g]s4 ,ropes1 h[ev]1 7 m]ely exceptional me?ods ( work+ railway tra9s4 ,ev5tually locomotives 7 inv>iably adopt$4 ,:5 railways 7 ext5d$ 9 s _m directions1 m & m locomotives 7 requir$ to "w !m4 ,:5 ,george ,/eph5son 0 engag$ 9 build+ 8 fir/ locomotive at ,kill+wor?1 he 0 greatly hamp]$1 n only by ! want ( h&y me*anics1 b by ! want ( effici5t tools4 ,b he did ! be/ t he c\ld4 ,8 g5ius ov]came difficulties4 ,x 0 imm5sely to 8 cr$it t he %\ld h s successfully complet$ 8 eng9es = ! ,/ockton & ,d>l+ton1 & aft]w>ds = ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway4 ,only a few ye>s _h pass$1 & self-act+ tools 7 n[ enabl$ to complete1 ) precision & uni=mity1 ma*9es t be=e _h be5 deem$ almo/ impracticable4 ,9 proportion to ! rapid ext5sion ( railways ! dem& = locomotives became v great4 ,z our ma*9e tools 7 peculi>ly adapt$ = turn+ out a l>ge am\nt ( fir/-class "w1 we direct$ our att5tion to ?is class ( bus9ess4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ab\t t5 ye>s aft] ! op5+ ( ! ,liv]pool & ,man*e/] ,railway1 we execut$ consid]able ord]s = locomotives = ! ,london & ,s\?ampton1 ! ,man*e/] & ,le$s1 & ! ,gl\ce/] railway companies4 ,! ,great ,we/]n ,railway ,company invit$ u to t5d] = tw5ty ( _! v pond]\s eng9es4 ,!y propos$ a v tempt+ condition ( ! contract4 ,x 01 t if1 aft] a mon?'s trial ( ! locomotives1 _! work+ prov$ satisfactory1 a premium ( #ajj 0 to be add$ to ! price ( ea* eng9e & t5d]4 ,! locomotives 7 made & deliv]$2 !y ran ! /ipulat$ numb] ( te/ miles betwe5 ,london & ,bri/ol 9 a p]fectly satisfactory mann]2 & we n only receiv$ ! premium1 b1 :at 0 mu* m enc\rag+1 we receiv$ a special lett] f ! ,bo>d ( ,directors1 /at+ _! entire satisfaction ) ! p]=mance ( our eng9es1 & desir+ u to ref] o!r contractors to !m ) respect to ! excell5ce ( our workman%ip4 ,?is te/imonial 0 altoge!r spontane\s1 & prov$ extremely valuable 9 o!r qu>t]s4 ,i may m5tion t1 9 ord] to effect ! prompt & p]fect execution ( ?is ord]1 ,i contriv$ sev]al special ma*9e tools1 :i* assi/$ u mo/ mat]ially4 ,^! tools = ! mo/ "p r5d]$ u m indep5d5t ( m]e manual /r5g? & dext]ity1 :ile at ! same "t !y increas$ ! accuracy & p]fection ( ! "w4 ,!y aft]w>ds assi/$ u 9 ! means ( p]fect+ ! production ( o!r classes ( "w4 ,at ! same "t !y _h ! important effect ( dim9i%+ ! co/ ( production1 z 0 made suffici5tly app>5t by ! balance-%eet prep>$ at ! end ( ea* ye>4 ,my connection ) ! ,great ,we/]n ,company %ortly l$ to a mo/ important ev5t 9 connection ) my own p]sonal hi/ory4 ,x appe>s t _! fam\s /eam-%ip ! ,great ,we/]n _h be5 v successful 9 h] voyages betwe5 ,bri/ol & ,new ,york2 s mu* s1 inde$1 t ! directors ( ! ,company ord]$ ! con/ruction ( ano!r vessel ( mu* great] magnitude--! ,great ,brita94 ,mr4 ,francis ,humphries1 _! eng9e]1 came to ,patricr(t to consult ) me z to ! ma*9e tools1 ( unusual size & p[]1 :i* 7 requir$ = ! con/ruction ( ! imm5se eng9es ( ! propos$ %ip1 :i* 7 to be made on ! v]tical trunk pr9ciple4 ,v complete works 7 erect$ at ,bri/ol = ! accommodation ( ! requisite ma*9]y4 ,! tools 7 made accord+ to ,mr4 ,humphries' ord]2 !y 7 deliv]$ & fitt$ to 8 entire approval1 & ! con/ruction ( ! gigantic eng9es 0 soon 9 full progress4 ,an unexpect$ difficulty1 h[ev]1 0 enc\nt]$ ) respect to ! enorm\s wr\ght-iron int]m$iate paddle%aft4 ,x 0 requir$ to be ( a size & diamet] ! l ( :i* _h nev] be5 =g$4 ,mr4 ,humphries appli$ to ! l>ge/ =ges ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry = t5d]s ( ! price at :i* !y w\ld execute ?is important "p ( ! "w1 b to 8 surprise & dismay he f\nd t n "o ( !m c\ld und]take s l>ge a =g+4 ,9 ?is dilemma he wrote a lett] to me1 :i* ,i receiv$ on ! #bd? ( ,novemb] #ahci1 in=m+ me ( ! unlook$-= difficulty4 ,i f9d1 he said1 t !re is n a =ge hamm] 9 ,engl& or ,scotl& p[]ful en\gh to =ge ! int]m$iate paddle-%aft ( ! eng9es = ! ,great ,brita96 ,:at am ,i to d8 ,d y ?9k ,i might d>e to use ca/-iron8 ,?is lett] imm$iately set me a-?9k+4 ,h[ 0 x t ! exi/+ hamm]s 7 incapable ( =g+ a wr\ght-iron %aft ( ?irty in*es diamet]8 ,simply because ( _! want ( compass1 ( range & fall1 z well z ( _! want ( p[] ( bl[4 ,a few mom5t's rapid ?\ght satisfi$ me t x 0 by our rigidly adh]+ to ! old traditional =m ( a smi?'s h& hamm]-- ( :i* ! =ge & tilt hamm]1 al?\gh driv5 by wat] or /eam p[]1 7 m]ely enl>g$ modifications--t ! difficulty _h aris52 z1 :5ev] ! l>ge/ =ge hamm] 0 tilt$ up to its full height1 its range 0 s small t :5 a piece ( "w ( consid]able size 0 plac$ on ! anvil1 ! hamm] became gagg$2 s t1 :5 ! =g+ requir$ ! mo/ p[]ful bl[1 x receiv$ next to no bl[ at all1 z ! cle> space = ! fall ( ! hamm] 0 almo/ entirely occupi$ by ! "w on ! anvil4 ,! obvi\s rem$y 0 to contrive "s me?od by :i* a pond]\s block ( iron %\ld be lift$ to a suffici5t height above ! object on :i* x 0 desir$ to /rike a bl[1 & !n to let ! block full d[n ^u ! =g+1 guid+ x 9 its desc5t by su* simple means z %\ld give ! requir$ precision 9 ! p]cussive action ( ! fall+ mass foll[+ up ?is idea1 ,i got out my ,s*eme ,book1 on ! pages ( :i* ,i g5]ally ?\ght out1 ) ! aid ( p5 & p5cil1 su* me*anical adaptations z ,i _h conceiv$ 9 my m9d1 & 0 !reby enabl$ to r5d] !m visible4 ,i !n rapidly sket*$ out my ,/eam ,hamm]1 hav+ x all cle>ly be=e me 9 my m9d's eye4 ,9 little m ?an half an h\r aft] receiv+ ,mr4 ,humphries' lett] n>rat+ 8 unlook$-= difficulty1 ,i _h ! :ole contrivance 9 all its executant details1 be=e me 9 a page ( my ,s*eme ,book1 a r$uc$ photograph$ copy ( :i* ,i app5d to ?is description4 ,! date ( ?is fir/ draw+ 0 ! #bd? ,novemb]1 #ahci4 ,image ,fir/ draw+ ( /eam hamm]1 #bd? ,nov4 #ahci ,my ,/eam ,hamm] z ?us fir/ sket*$1 consi/$ (1 fir/1 a massive anvil on :i* to re/ ! "w2 second1 a block ( iron con/itut+ ! hamm] or bl[-giv+ portion2 &1 ?ird1 an inv]t$ /eam cyl9d] to ^: pi/on-rod ! hamm]-block 0 atta*$4 ,all t 0 !n requir$ to produce a mo/ effective hamm] 0 simply to admit /eam ( suffici5t pressure into ! cyl9d]1 s z to act on ! "u-side ( ! pi/on1 & ?us to raise ! hamm]-block atta*$ to ! end ( ! pi/on rod4 ,by a v simple arrangem5t ( a slide valve1 "u ! control ( all att5dant1 ! /eam 0 all[$ to escape & ?us p]mit ! massive block ( iron rapidly to desc5d by its own gravity ^u ! "w !n ^u ! anvil4 ,?us1 by ! m or less rapid mann] 9 :i* ! att5dant all[$ ! /eam to ent] or escape f ! cyl9d]1 any requir$ numb] or any int5sity ( bl[s c\ld be deliv]$4 ,_! succession might be modifi$ 9 an in/ant4 ,! hamm] might be arre/$ & susp5d$ accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! "w4 ,! workman might ?us1 z x 71 ?9k 9 bl[s4 ,he might deal !m out on to ! pond]\s gl[+ mass1 & m\ld or knead x into ! desir$ =m z if x 7 a lump ( clay2 or pat x ) g5tle taps accord+ to 8 w1 or at ! desire ( ! =geman4 ,rude & rapidly sket*$ out z x 01 ?is1 my fir/ del9eation ( ! /eam hamm]1 w be f\nd to comprise all ! ess5tial elem5ts ( ! inv5tion4 ,e detail ( ! draw+ reta9s to ?is day ! =m & arrangem5t :i* ,i gave to x =ty-?ree ye>s ago4 ,i believ$ t ! /eam hamm] w\ld prove practically successful2 & ,i look$ =w>d to its g5]al employm5t 9 ! =g+ ( heavy masses ( iron4 ,x is no small gratification to me n[1 :5 ,i look ov] my rude & ha/y fir/ sket*1 to f9d t ,i hit ! m>k s exactly1 n only 9 ! g5]al /ructure b 9 ! details2 & t ! inv5tion z ,i !n conceiv$ x & put x into %ape1 /ill reta9s its =m & arrangem5ts intact 9 ! ?\s&s ( /eam hamm]s t are n[ do+ good s]vice 9 ! me*anical arts ?r\gh\t ! civilis$ _w4 ,b to return to my correspond5ce ) ! ,great ,we/]n ,/eam%ip ,company4 ,i wrote at once to ,mr4 ,humphries1 & s5t him a sket* ( my propos$ /eam hamm]4 ,i told him t ,i felt assur$ he w\ld n[ be able to ov]come 8 difficulty1 & t ! paddle-%aft ( ! ,great ,brita9 might n[ be =g$4 ,mr4 ,humphries 0 delight$ ) my design4 ,he submitt$ x to ,mr4 ,brunel1 eng9e]-9-*ief ( ! /eam%ip3 to ,mr4 ,guppy1 ! manag+ director2 & to o!r p]sons int]e/$ 9 ! und]tak+1--by all ( :om x 0 he>tily approv$4 ,i accord+ly gave ! ,company p]mission to communicate my design to su* =ge proprietors z might feel dispos$ to erect ! /eam hamm]1 ! only condition t ,i made be+1 t 9 ! ev5t ( its be+ adopt$ ,i 0 to be all[$ to supply x 9 accordance ) my design4 ,b ! paddle-%aft ( ! ,great ,brita9 0 nev] =g$4 ,ab\t t "t ! sub/itution ( ! ,screw = ! paddle-:eel z a means ( propulsion 0 attract+ mu* att5tion4 ,! p]=mances ( ! ,ar*im$es1 z arrang$ by ,mr4 ,francis ,p4 ,smi?1 7 s satisfactory t ,mr4 ,brunel1 aft] he _h made an excursion 9 t vessel1 recomm5d$ ! directors to adopt ! new propell+ p[]4 ,aft] mu* discussion1 !y yield$ to 8 /rongly-urg$ advice4 ,! consequ5ce 01 t ! great eng9es :i* ,mr4 ,humphries _h s elaborately design$1 & :i* 7 f> advanc$ 9 con/ruction1 7 giv5 up1 to 8 inexpressible regret & mortification1 z he _h p9n$ 8 highe/ hopes z a practical eng9e] on ! results ( _! p]=mance4 ,&1 to cr[n 8 di/ress1 he 0 ord]$ to produce fre% designs ( eng9es specially suit$ = screw propulsion4 ,mr4 ,humphries 0 a man ( ! mo/ s5sitive & sangu9e con/itution ( m9d4 ,! lab\r & ! anxiety :i* he _h already und]gone1 & p]haps ! disappo9tm5t ( 8 hopes1 prov$ too mu* = him2 & a bra9 fev] c>ri$ him (f aft] a few days' illness4 ,!re 0 ?us1 = a "t1 an end ( ! /eam hamm] requir$ = =g+ ! paddle-%aft ( ! ,great ,brita94 ,v bad times = ! iron-trade1 & = all me*anical und]tak+s1 set 9 ab\t ?is "t4 ,a wide-spread depression affect$ all conditions ( indu/ry ,al?\gh ,i wrote to ! heads ( all ! great firms1 urg+ ! importance ( my inv5tion1 & =w>d+ designs ( my /eam hamm]1 ,i 0 unable to obta9 a s+le ord]4 ,x is true1 !y cordially approv$ ( my plan1 & 7 greatly /ruck by its simplicity1 unity1 & app>5t p[]499 footnote444 ,among ! heads ( firms :o s5t me cordial congratulations on my design1 7 ,b5jam9 ,hick1 ( ! ,soho ,ironworks1 ,bolton1 a man1 ^: judgm5t 9 all matt]s connect$ ) eng9e]+ & me*anical con/ruction 0 held 9 ! v highe/ reg>d2 ,messrs4 ,ru%ton & ,eck]sley1 ,bolton ,ironworks2 ,messrs4 ,h[>d & ,rav5hill1 ,ro!rhi! ,ironworks1 ,london2 ,messrs4 ,hawkes1 ,cra%aw1 & ,company1 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne2 ,george ,?orneycr(t1 ,wolv]hampton2 & o!rs4 444 ,b ! sub/ance ( _! replies 01 t !y _h n suffici5t ord]s to keep ! =ge hamm]s !y already possess$ 9 "w4 ,!y promis$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! ev5t ( trade recov]+ f its depression1 !y w\ld probably adopt ! new p[]4 ,9 ! meantime my inv5tion 0 tak5 up 9 an entirely new & unexpect$ qu>t]4 ,i _h = "s ye>s be5 supply+ =eign cu/om]s ) self-act+ ma*9e tools4 ,! pr9cipals ( cont95tal manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts 7 accu/om$ to make frequ5t visits to ,engl& = ! purpose ( pur*as+ v>i\s ma*9e tools requir$ = ! production ( ! pond]\s z well z ! light] p>ts ( _! ma*9]y4 ,we gave our =eign visitors e facility & opportunity = see+ our own tools at "w1 & !y 7 (t5 s mu* pleas$ t1 :5 !y came to ord] "o special tool1 !y end$ by ord]+ _m1--! ma*9e tools 9 full activity ?us act+ z _! mo/ effective adv]tisem5ts4 ,9 l mann] ,i freely op5$ my ,s*eme ,book to any =eign visitors499 footnote444 ,"s e/abli%m5ts 9 ! same l9e ( bus9ess 7 jeal\s ( ! visit ( =eign]s2 b to our views1 re/riction 9 ! communication ( new ideas on me*anical subjects to =eign]s ( intellig5ce & ent]pris+ _s s]v$ no good purpose1 z ! =eign eng9e] 0 c]ta9 to obta9 all ! in=mation he 0 9 que/ ( f ! draw+s 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 or f ! admirable engrav+s conta9$ 9 ! eng9e]+ publications ( ! day4 ,x 0 bett] to d]ive ! advantage ( supply+ !m ) ! ma*9es !y 7 9 que/ (1 ?an to wait until ! dem& 0 suppli$ by =eign]s !mselves4 444 ,!re ,i let !m see ! me*anical ?\ghts t 7 pass+ ?r\gh my m9d1 r$uc$ to p5 & ink draw+s4 ,i did n hesitate to advocate ! advantage ( my /eam hamm] ov] e o!r me?od ( =g+ heavy masses ( iron2 & ,i po9t$ out ! draw+ 9 my ,s*eme ,book 9 confirmation ( my views4 ,! book 0 kept 9 ! (fice to be h&y = su* occasions2 & 9 _m cases x 0 ! means ( sugge/+ ideas ( ma*9e tools to our cu/om]s1 & ?us l$ to ord]s :i* might n h be5 obta9$ )\t ?is effective me?od ( prompt+ !m4 ,among/ our =eign visitors 0 ,m4 ,s*neid]1 proprietor ( ! great ironworks at ,creuzot1 9 ,france4 ,we _h suppli$ him ) v>i\s ma*9e tools1 & he 0 s pleas$ ) _! action t ! next "t he came to ,engl& he call$ at our (fice at ,patricr(t4 ,m4 ,b\rdon1 8 me*anical manag]1 accompani$ him4 ,i happ5$ to be abs5t on a j\rney at ! "t2 b my p>tn]1 ,mr4 ,gaskell1 0 pres5t4 ,aft] %[+ !m ov] ! works1 z an act ( c\rtesy he br\ght !m my ,s*eme ,book & all[$ !m to exam9e x4 ,he po9t$ out ! draw+ ( my /eam hamm]1 & told !m ! purpose = :i* x 0 int5d$4 ,!y 7 impress$ ) its simplicity & app>5t practical utility1--s mu* s1 t ,m4 ,b\rdon took c>eful notes & sket*es ( ! con/ructive details ( ! hamm]4 ,i 0 in=m$ on my return ( ! visit ( ,,mm4,s*neid] & ,b\rdon1 b ! circum/ance ( _! hav+ inspect$ ! designs 9 my ,s*eme ,book1 & especially my orig9al design ( ! /eam hamm]1 0 reg>d$ by my p>tn] z too ord9>y & trivial an incid5t ( _! visit to be m5tion$ to me4 ,! exhibition ( my me*anical designs to visitors at ! ,f\ndry 0 a matt] ( almo/ daily occurr5ce4 ,i 01 !re=e1 9 entire ignorance ( ! fact t ^! =eign visitors _h tak5 ) !m to ,france a copy ( ! plan & details ( my /eam hamm]4 ,x 0 n until my visit to ,france 9 ,april #ahdb t ! up%ot ( _! visit 0 br\ght "u my notice 9 an extraord9>y mann]4 ,i 0 reque/$ by ,m4 ,b\*i]1 ,m9i/] ( ,m>9e1 to visit ! ,fr5* docky>ds & ars5als = ! purpose ( conf]r+ ) ! director ( ea* ) ref]5ce to ! supply ( v>i\s ma*9e tools = ! prop] equipm5t ( ! m>9e eng9e factories 9 connection ) ! ,royal ,docky>ds4 ,9 ord] to r5d] ?is j\rney m effective & in/ructive1 ,i visit$ mo/ ( ! ,fr5* eng9e]+ e/abli%m5ts :i* _h be5 suppli$ ) ma*9e tools by our firm4 ,among/ ^! 0 ( c\rse ! fam\s firm ( ,s*neid]1 ^: works at ,creuzot lay n f> out ( ! way ( my return j\rney accord+ly made my way ?i!r1 & f\nd ,m4 ,b\rdon at 8 po/1 ?\gh ,m4 ,s*neid] 0 abs5t4 ,m4 ,b\rdon receiv$ me ) mu* cordiality4 ,z he spoke ,engli% ) flu5cy ,i 0 =tunate 9 f9d+ him pres5t1 9 ord] to %[ me ov] ! works2 on ent]+ :i*1 "o ( ! ?+s t p>ticul>ly /ruck me 0 ! excell5ce ( a l>ge wr\ght-iron m>9e eng9e s+le crank1 =g$ ) a rem>kable degree ( exactness 9 its g5]al =m4 ,i obs]v$ also t ! l>ge eye ( ! crank _h be5 pun*$ & drift$ ) extraord9>y smoo?ness & tru?4 ,i inquir$ ( ,m4 ,b\rdon h[ t crank _h be5 =g$8 ,8 imm$iate reply 01 ,x 0 =g$ by y\r /eam hamm]6 ,great 0 my surprise & pleasure at he>+ ?is /atem5t4 ,i ask$ him h[ he _h come to be acqua9t$ ) my /eam hamm]8 ,he !n n>rat$ ! circum/ance ( 8 visit to ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry dur+ my abs5ce4 ,he told me ( my p>tn] hav+ exhibit$ to him ! orig9al design1 & h[ mu* he 0 /ruck by its simplicity & probable effici5cy2 t he _h tak5 c>eful note & sket*es on ! spot2 t among ! fir/ ?+s he did aft] 8 return to ,creuzot 0 to put 9 h& ! necess>y "w = ! erection ( a /eam hamm]2 & t ! results _h 9 all respects realis$ ! high expectations he _h =m$ ( x4 ,m4 ,b\rdon conduct$ me to ! =ge dep>tm5t ( ! works1 t ,i might1 z he said1 see my own *ild2 & !re x 01 9 tru?--a ?ump+ *ild ( my bra94 ,until !n x _h only exi/$ 9 my s*eme book2 & yet x _h (t5 & (t5 be5 be=e my m9d's eye 9 full action4 ,on inspect+ ! /eam hamm] ,i f\nd t ,b\rdon _h omitt$ "s important details1 :i* _h l$ to a few mi%aps1 especially ) respect to ! frequ5t break+ ( ! pi/on-rod at its junction ) ! hamm] block4 ,he _h effect$ ?is1 9 ! usual way1 by means ( a cutt] w$ge ?r\gh ! rod2 b he told me t x (t5 broke ?r\gh ! sev]e j> dur+ ! action ( ! hamm]4 ,i sket*$ = him1 !n & !re1 9 full size on a bo>d1! ela/ic pack+ "u ! end ( ! pi/on-rod1 :i* act$1 z ,i told him1 l ! c>tilage betwe5 ! bones ( ! v]tebrae1 prev5t+ ! de/ructive effects ( viol5t j>s4 ,i also communicat$ to him a few o!r important details1 :i* he _h miss$ 9 8 ha/y inspection ( my design4 ,inde$1 ,i felt great pleasure 9 do+ s1 z ,i f\nd ,b\rdon to be a mo/ intellig5t me*anic1 & ?or\ghly able to appreciate ! practical value ( ! in=mation ,i communicat$ to him4 ,he express$ 8 obligation to me 9 ! w>me/ t]ms1 & ! alt]ations :i* he %ortly aft]w>ds effect$ 9 ! /eam hamm]1 9 accordance ) my plans1 enabl$ x to accompli% ev]y?+ t he c\ld desire4 ,i _h n yet tak5 out a pat5t = ! /eam hamm]4 ,! reason 0 ?is4 ,! co/ ( a pat5t at ! "t ,i inv5t$ x 0 little %ort ( #ejj1 all exp5ses includ$4 ,my p>tn] 0 unwill+ to lay out s l>ge a sum ^u an inv5tion = :i* !re seem$ to be s little dem& at t "t2 & ,i myself _h ! :ole ( my capital emb>k$ 9 ! conc]n4 ,besides1 ! g5]al depression /ill cont9u$ 9 ! iron trade2 & we _h use = e f>?+ ( money we possess$4 ,i _h be5 w>n$ ( ! risk ,i ran by freely exhibit+ my orig9al design1 z well z by s5d+ draw+s ( x to ^? :o ,i ?\ght 7 mo/ likely to br+ ! inv5tion into use4 ,b no?+ _h z yet be5 done 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 left = ,france1 z ,i h describ$1 to embody my inv5tion 9 an actual /eam hamm]4 ,i n[ became al>m$1 & fe>$ le/ ,i %\ld lose ! b5efits ( my inv5tion4 ,z my p>tn] decl9$ to help me1 ,i appli$ to my bro!r-9-law1 ,william ,b5nett4 ,he 0 a practical eng9e]1 & _h express$ himself z highly satisfi$ ) its value4 ,he _h also _m times caution$ me aga9/ publi%+ its advantages s widely1 )\t hav+ fir/ protect$ x by a pat5t4 ,he 0 !re=e q ready to come to my assi/ance4 ,he help$ me ) ! necess>y money1 & ! inv5tion 0 plac$ 9 a position ( safety s f> z my int]e/s 7 conc]n$4 ,9 return = 8 k9dness ,i /ipulat$ t ! reimbursem5t ( 8 loan %\ld be a fir/ *>ge ^u any pr(its aris+ f ! manufacture ( ! /eam hamm]2 & also t he %\ld h a %>e 9 ! pr(its dur+ ! p]iod ( ! pat5t rights4 ,mr4 ,b5nett liv$ = _m ye>s1 rejoic+ 9 ! results ( 8 k9dness to me 9 ! "t ( my difficulty4 ,i may add t ! pat5t 0 secur$ 9 ,june #ahdb1 or less ?an two mon?s aft] my return f ,france4 ,soon aft] ?is1 ! iron trade recov]$ f its depression4 ,! tide ( f9ancial prosp]ity ( ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry soon set 91 & my p>tn]'s sangu9e confid5ce 9 my ability to raise x to ! condition ( a ?riv+ & prosp]\s conc]n 0 ju/ifi$ 9 a mo/ sub/antial mann]4 ,9 ord] to make ! mo/ effective demon/ration ( ! p[]s & capabilities ( my /eam hamm]1 ,i con/ruct$ "o ( #cj;cwt4 ( hamm] block1 ) a cle> f\r feet range ( fall4 ,i soon _h x set to "w2 & its en]getic s]vices help$ u greatly 9 our smi? & =ge "w4 ,x 0 admir$ by all obs]v]s4 ,p came f a di/ance to see x4 ,me*anics & ironf\nd]s wond]$ at ! new p[] :i* _h be5 born4 ,! precision & beauty ( its action seem$ m>vell\s4 ,! att5dant c\ld1 by means ( ! /eam slide-valve lev] 9 8 h&1 transmit 8 w to ! action ( ! hamm]1 & ?us ?9k 9 bl[s4 ,! ma*9e comb9$ great p[] ) g5tl5ess4 ,! hamm] c\ld be made to give s g5tle a bl[ z to crack ! end ( an egg plac$ 9 a w9e glass on ! anvil2 :il/ ! next bl[ w\ld %ake ! p>i% or be in/antly arre/$ 9 its desc5t midway499 footnote444 ,?is is no m]e figure ( spee*4 ,i h he>d ! tea-cups rattle 9 ! cupbo>d 9 my h\se a qu>t] ( a mile f ! place :]e ! hamm] 0 at "w4 ,i 0 aft]w>ds in=m$ t ! bl[s ( my great /eam hamm] at ,woolwi* ,ars5al 7 s5sibly felt at ,gre5wi* ,obs]vatory1 ab\t two miles di/ant4 444 ,h&-ge> 0 ! orig9al sy/em introduc$ 9 work+ ! hamm]4 ,a me?od ( self-act+ 0 aft]w>ds add$4 ,9 #ahdc1 ,i admitt$ /eam above ! pi/on1 to aid gravitation4 ,?is 0 an important improvem5t4 ,! self-act+ arrangem5t 0 ev5tually done away )1 & h&-ge> aga9 became all b univ]sal4 ,sir ,john ,&]son1 9 8 admirable ,report on ! ,vi5na ,exhibition ( #ahgc1 says3 ,! mo/ rem>kable features ( ! ,nasmy? hamm]s 7 ! almo/ entire ab&onm5t ( ! old self-act+ motion ( ! e>ly hamm]s & ! sub/itution ( new devices1 & 9 ! use ( h&-ge> only 9 all attempts to %[ (f ! work+4 ,!re is no real sav+1 z a g5]al rule1 by ! self-act+ arrangem5t1 because "o att5dant is requir$ 9 ei!r case1 & on ! o!r h& !re is frequ5tly a positive loss 9 ! effect ( ! bl[4 ,by h&-work+1 ) /eam on top ( pi/on1 ! full =ce c be m readily ma9ta9$ until ! bl[ is fully deliv]$2 x is ?us m ( a dead bl[ ?an 0 =m]ly ! case ) ! o!r sy/em4 ,!re 0 no want ( ord]s :5 ! valuable qualities ( ! /eam hamm] came to be se5 & exp]i5c$4 ,! fir/ ,ord] came f ,ru%ton & ,eck]sley ( ,bolton1 :o1 by ! way1 _h se5 ! fir/ copy ( my orig9al design a few ye>s be=e4 ,! /eam hamm] ,i made = !m 0 m p[]ful ?an my own4 ,! hamm] block 0 ( five tons weight1 & _h a cle> fall ( five feet4 ,x gave e satisfaction1 & ! fame ( its p]=mances w5t abroad among/ ! ironwork]s4 ,! ,l[moor ,ironworks ,company foll[$ suit ) an ord] = "o ( ! same size & p[]2 & ano!r came f ,hawkes & ,co41 ( ,newca/le-^u-,tyne4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important uses ( ! /eam hamm] 0 9 =g+ an*ors4 ,"u ! old sy/em1 an*ors ^u ! s\ndness ( :i* ! safety ( %ips s (t5 dep5ds--7 =g$ ^u ! bit by bit sy/em4 ,! v>i\s pieces ( an an*or 7 weld$ toge!r1 b at ! p>ts :]e ! diff]5t pieces ( iron 7 weld$ toge!r1 flaws (t5 occurr$2 ! p>ts w\ld break (f--blades f ! /ock1 or flukes f ! blades--& leave ! vessel1 :i* reli$ ^u ! security ( its an*or1 at ! risk ( ! w9ds & ! waves4 ,by means ( ! /eam hamm] ^! risks 7 av]t$4 ,! slag 0 driv5 out dur+ ! hamm]+ process4 ,! an*or 0 s\nd ?r\gh\t because x 0 weld$ z a :ole4 ,^? :o are te*nically acqua9t$ ) smi? "w z x us$ to be practis$1 by :at ,i t]m ! bit by bit sy/em--t is1 ( build+ up f _m sep>ate p>ts ( iron1 aft]w>ds weld$ toge!r into ! requir$ =m--c appreciate ! va/ practical value ( ! ,die me?od br\ght into g5]al use by ! controllable b imm5se p[] ( ! /eam hamm]4 ,at a v e>ly p]iod ( my employm5t ( ! /eam hamm]1 ,i introduc$ ! sy/em ( /amp+ masses ( weld+ hot iron z if x _h be5 clay1 & =c+ x into suitable m\lds or dies plac$ ^u ! anvil4 ,?is practice _h be5 9 use on a small scale 9 ! ,birm+ham gun trade1 ,! ironwork ( fire>ms 0 ?us /amp$ into exact =m4 ,b1 until we possess$ ! wide range & p]fectly controllable p[]s ( ! /eam hamm]1 ! /amp+ sy/em 0 conf9$ to comp>atively small portions ( =ge "w4 ,! new p[] enabl$ ! die & /amp sy/em to be appli$ to ! l>ge/ class ( =ge "w2 & ano!r era 9 ! work+ ( pond]\s masses ( smi? & =ge "w comm5c$1 & has rapidly ext5d$ until ! pres5t "t4 ,)\t ent]+ into fur!r details1 ! /eam hamm] has advanc$ ! me*anical arts1 especially ) relation to ma*9]y ( ! l>g] class1 to an ext5t t is ( incalculable importance4 ,soon aft] my /eam hamm] _h exhibit$ its m]its z a p[]ful & docile ag5t 9 p]cussive =ce1 & %[n its applicability to "s ( ! mo/ important bran*es ( iron manufacture1 ,i _h ! opportunity ( secur+ a pat5t = x 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is 0 ?r\gh ! k9d ag5cy ( my excell5t fri5d & solicitor1 ! late ,george ,humphries ( ,man*e/]4 ,mr4 ,humphries 0 a native ( ,philadelphia1 & ! intimate fri5d ( ,samuel ,vaughan ,m]rick1 f\nd] ( ! em95t eng9e]+ firm ( t city4 ,?r\gh 8 in/rum5tality ,i =w>d$ to ,mr4 ,m]rick all ! requisite docum5ts to enable a pat5t to be secur$ at ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice at ,wa%+ton4 ,i transf]r$ ! pat5t to ,mr4 ,m]rick 9 ord] t x might be work$ to our mutual advantage4 ,my inv5tion 0 ?us introduc$ into ,am]ica "u ! mo/ fav\rable auspices4 ,! /eam hamm] soon f\nd its way into ! pr9cipal ironworks ( ! c\ntry4 ,! admirable /raight=w>d mann] 9 :i* our ,am]ican ag5t conduct$ ! bus9ess f fir/ to la/ w ev] comm& my grateful remembrance4 ,,*apt] #ad4 ,travels 9 ,france & ,italy4 ,i h already ref]r$ to my visit to ,creuzot1 9 ,france4 ,i mu/ expla9 h[ x 0 t ,i 0 induc$ to travel abroad4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t _h ord]$ f our firm "s p[]ful ma*9e tools1 :i* 7 manufactur$1 deliv]$1 & f\nd to give e satisfaction4 ,%ortly aft]1 ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,m4 ,b\*i]1 ! ,m9i/] ( ,m>9e1 invit+ me to make a p]sonal visit to ! ,fr5* naval ars5als = ! purpose ( conf]r+ ) ! direct+ (ficials z to ! me*anical equipm5ts ( _! respective work%ops4 ,i accord+ly proce$$ to ,p>is1 & 0 receiv$ mo/ cordially by ! ,m9i/] ( ,m>9e4 ,aft] conf]r+ ) him1 ,i 0 furni%$ ) lett]s ( introduction to ! direct+ (fic]s at ,*]b\rg1 ,bre/1 ,ro*e=t1 ,indret1 & ,t\lon4 ,:ile 9 ,p>is ,i visit$ "s ( ! pr9cipal manufactur+ e/abli%m5ts1 ! proprietors ( :i* _h done bus9ess ) our firm4 ,i also visit$ ,arago at ! ,obs]vatory1 & saw 8 f9e array ( a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,! magnific5t collections ( antiquities at ! ,l\vre & ,hotel ,cluny occupi$ two days out ( ! f\r ,i sp5t 9 ,p>is2 aft] :i* ,i proce$$ on my mission4 ,r\5 lay 9 my way1 & ,i c\ld n fail to /ay !re & indulge my love = ,go?ic ar*itecture4 ,i visit$ ! magnific5t ,ca!dral & ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,ou51 s exquisite 9 its beauty1 toge!r ) ! ref9$ ,go?ic ar*itectural rema9s scatt]$ ab\t 9 t int]e/+ & picturesque city4 ,i 0 delight$ beyond measure ) all t ,i saw4 ,) an eye to bus9ess1 h[ev]1 ,i paid a visit to ! works :i* _h be5 e/abli%$ by ! late ,joseph ,locke 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,r\5 = ! supply ( locomotives to ! ,havre1 ,r\51 & ,p>is ,railway4 ,! works 7 !n "u ! direction ( ,mr4 ,buddicom4 ,i w5t onw>d ?r\gh ,ca5 to ,bayeux4 ,!re ,i re/$ = a few h\rs = ! purpose ( visit+ ! sup]b ,norman ,ca!dral1 & also to inspect ! celebrat$ ,bayeux tape/ry4 ,i saw ! ne$lework ( ,que5 ,matilda & h] h&maid5s1 :i* s graphically commemorates ! hi/ory ( ! ,norman ,conque/4 ,9 ! ev5+ ,i rea*$ ,*]b\rg4 ,i 0 cordially receiv$ by ! direct+ (fic] ( ! docky>d1 :i* is ( v l>ge ext5t & surr\nd$ by =tifications4 ,my bus9ess 0 ) ! smi?y or ateli] des =ges1 & ! work%ops or ateli]s des ma*9ess4 ,!re ,i recognis$ _m ( ! ma*9e-tools manufactur$ at ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry1 do+ excell5t "w4 ,my next visit 0 to ,bre/1 ! *ief naval ars5al ( ,france4 ,x comb9es a docky>d1 ars5al1 & =tress ( ! fir/ class4 ,ev]y?+ has be5 done to make ! place impregnable4 ,! h>b\r is situat$ on ! nor? side ( "o ( ! f9e/ hav5s 9 ! _w1 & is almo/ l&-lock$4 ,ar\nd ! h>b\r run quays ( great ext5t1 alongside ( :i* ! l>ge/ %ips c lie--five artificial bas9s be+ excavat$ out ( ! solid rock4 ,! :ole ( ! h>b\r is def5d$ by ti] above ti] ( batt]ies4 ,=eign]s are n p]mitt$ to ent] ! docky>d )\t special p]mission2 b z ,i 0 arm$ ) my lett] ( introduction f ! ,m9i/] ( ,m>9e1 ,i 0 admitt$ & cordially receiv$1 z at ,*]b\rg4 ,i w5t ?r\gh ! ,gov]nm5t f\ndry & /eam-factory1 = :i* ,i _h suppli$ _m ( my ma*9e tools4 ,i f\nd ! e/abli%m5t to be ! l>ge/ & mo/ complete t ,i _h se54 ,f ,bre/ ,i w5t to ,ro*e=t1 an excell5t naval ars5al1 ?\gh mu* small] ?an ^? at ,*]b\rg & ,bre/4 ,next to ,indret on ! ,loire4 ,"h is ! l>ge factory :]e m>9e eng9es are made = ! royal /eam]s4 ,! works 7 sup]9t5d$ by ,m4 ,ros9e1 a mo/ able man499 footnote444 ,! only man ,i ev] met1 to :om ,i might comp>e ,ros9e1 0 my lam5t$ fri5d ,francis ,humphries1 eng9e] ( ! ,great ,we/]n ,/eam%ip ,company4 ,bo? 7 m5 ( ! same type1 ?\gh ,ros9e 0 sev]al octaves-high] 9 ! compass & vividness ( 8 intellect4 444 ,i 0 s mu* pleas$ ) him t ,i sp5t two days 9 8 society4 ,i h r>ely met ) a m p]fect union ( ! s\nd practical me*anic1 ( /rong common-s5se1 & yet ) a vivid imag9ation1 :i* ?rew a light ^u e subject t he t\*$4 ,x 0 delightful to see ! p]fect mann] 9 :i* he _h arrang$ all ! details ( ! eng9e factory "u 8 sup]9t5d5ce1 & to obs]ve ! pride :i* he took 9 ! accuracy ( ! "w turn$ out by 8 excell5t ma*9]y4 ,x 0 a treat to see ! magnific5t & intricate iron ca/+s produc$ !re4 ,z ,m4 ,ros9e spoke ,engli% flu5tly1 we _h discussions on a va/ v>iety ( topics1 n only relat+ to te*nical subjects1 b on o!r matt]s relat+ to art & me*anical draw+4 ,he 0 "o ( ! few m5 ,i h met :o _h 9 p]fection ! happy accompli%m5t ( sket*+ ) true arti/ic _s any object t he desir$ to br+ be=e y4 ,8 p5cil f> out/ripp$ language 9 convey+ di/9ct ideas on con/ructive & mat]ial objects4 ,! "t t ,i sp5t 9 ! company ( ?is mo/ int]e/+ man w ev] rema9 vivid 9 my memory4 ,x griev$ me greatly to he> ( 8 premature dea? ab\t two ye>s aft] ! date ( my visit4 ,he mu/ h be5 a sad loss to 8 deeply atta*$ fri5ds1 z well z to ! nation :om he s fai? fully s]v$4 ,on my way to ,t\lon ,i pass$ ?r\gh ,bordeaux1 & by ,avignon to ,nismes4 ,at ! latt] city ,i 0 delight$ ) ! sight ( ! exquisite ,roman temple1 ! ,maison ,c>ree4 ,x is almo/ p]fect4 ,b ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! ,roman rema9s at ,nismes is ! magnific5t ,amphi!atre4 ,9 view+ ?is gr& specim5 ( ar*itecture1 z well z ! old temples1 ca!drals1 & ca/les1 ,i felt t we mod]ns are comp>ative pigmies4 ,our ar*itecture wants bread?1 gr&eur1 sublimity4 ,x appe>s to me t "o ( ! *ief causes ( ! inf]iority & defects ( ,mod]n ,ar*itecture is1 t our design]s are s anxi\s to display _! ta/e 9 ornam5tation4 ,!y fir/ design ! ext]ior1 & !n fit into x ! int]ior ( _! build+4 ,! purpose ( ! build+ is ?us reg>d$ z a second>y consid]ation4 ,9 %ort1 !y utilise ornam5t in/ead ( ornam5t+ utility--total inv]sion1 z x appe>s to me1 ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciple :i* ought to gov]n all classes ( ar*itectural /ructures4 ,?is is1 un=tunately1 too evid5t 9 mo/ ( our public build+s4 ,see1 = in/ance1 our new ,law ,c\rts4 ,"o ?+ ,i 0 especially /ruck ) at ,nismes--! ease ) :i* "s ?\s&s ( p might issue1 )\t h9drance1 f ! ,amphi!atre4 ,! w$ge-%ap$ passages radiate f ! c5tre1 &1 wid5+ outw>ds1 w\ld facilitate ! egress ( an imm5se cr[d4 ,contra/ ?is ) ! difficulty ( gett+ out ( any mod]n !atre or *ur* 9 case ( al>m or fire4 ,ano!r ?+ is rem>kable--! c>e ) :i* ! huge blocks ( magnesian lime/one99 footnote444 ,i believe ,dolomite is ! prop] geological t]m4 ,?is f9e mat]ial ab\nds 9 ?is "p ( ,france1 & has mat]ially contribut$ to ! durability ( ! ,roman mason "w4 444 h be5 select$4 ,"s ( ! /one slabs are eighte5 feet long2 !y ro( ov] ! corridors2 yet !y /ill reta9 ! m>ks ( ! ,roman *isel4 ,e individual *ip is z crisp z on ! day on :i* x 0 made2 ev5 ! delicate scribe m>ks1 by :i* ! mason "s #aijj ye>s ago l9$ out 8 "w on ! blocks ( /one he 0 ab\t to *ip into its requir$ =m1 are /ill p]fectly di/9ct4 ,?is wond]fully durable /one is ( ! same mat]ial z t employ$ by li?ograph]s4 ,?\gh magnesian1 x is ( a diff]5t quality f t employ$ 9 build+ our ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t4 ,z ?is 0 c>efully select$1 ! latt] 0 c>elessly unselect$4 ,x 0 qu>ri$ at r&om1 9 ! mo/ ignorant way2 "s ( x prov$ little bett] ?an *alk2 & ?\gh all sorts ( no/rums h be5 tri$1 no?+ w cure ! radical defect4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a wide digression f my subject ( ! admirable mason "w1 & ! wond]ful skill & =e?\ght employ$ 9 erect+ t sup]b ar5a & ! o!r ,roman build+s at ,nismes4 ,i proce$$ to ,m>seilles1 :]e ,i _h "s bus9ess to transact ) ,philip ,taylor & ,company1 ! eng9e]+ firm4 ,!y 7 mo/ k9d & att5tive to me :ile !re1 & greatly add$ to ! enjoym5t ( my visit to t rem>kable city4 ,f ,m>seilles ,i proce$$ to ,t\lon1 ! la/ ( ! m>9e docky>ds ,i _h to visit4 ,!re 0 no railway betwe5 ! places at t "t1 & x 0 accord+ly necess>y t ,i %\ld drive along ! usual road4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my j\rney to ,t\lon ,i w5t ?r\gh ! ,pass ( ,col d',olli\lles4 ,x 0 awfully impressive4 ,! ,pass appe>$ to consi/ ( a mighty cleft betwe5 two m\nta9s2 ! result ( "s convulsion ( ,nature4 ,!re 0 only room = ! c>riage road to pass betwe5 ! cliffs4 ,! ru9s ( a ,s>ac5ic ca/le /ood on ! heights to gu>d ! passage4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly ! mo/ romantic sc5e ,i _h ev] beheld4 ,look+ d[n into ! deep cleft bel[ me1 at ! bottom ( :i* ran a turbul5t /ream1 ,i saw ! n>r[ road along :i* our c>riage 0 to pass4 ,& !n sudd5ly ,i em]g$ 9 full sight ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ) ! calm blue heav5s re/+ ov] ! deep blue sea4 ,!re 7 palms1 cactuses1 & orange trees1 mix$ ) olive groves4 ,! fields 7 full ( tulips & n>cissuses1 & ! rocks by ! roadside 7 cov]$ ) boxwood & lav5d]4 ,ev]y?+ gave evid5ce ( ! sunny ,s\?4 ,i _h got a glimpse ( ! ,m$it]ranean a few days be=e2 b n[ ,i saw x 9 its glory4 ,i arriv$ 9 due "t at ,t\lon4 ,! t[n is n v /rik+ 9 itself4 ,x is surr\nd$ by an amphi!atre ( m\nta9s ( h>d magnesian lime/one4 ,^! are almo/ devoid ( vegetation4 ,?is x is :i* gives s arid an aspect to ?is "p ( ! coa/4 ,fac+ ! s\?1 ! sun's rays1 reflect$ f ! b>e surface ( ! rocks1 place "o at mid-day z if 9 ! focus ( a great burn+ mirror1 & s5d e "o 9 que/ ( %ade4 ,?is int5se temp]ature has its due effect ^u ! work]s 9 ! docky>d4 ,i f\nd ! place f> inf]ior to ! o!rs :i* ,i _h visit$4 ,! heat seem$ to eng5d] a sort ( li/lessness ov] ! entire place4 ,! p seem$ to be fall+ asleep4 ,?\gh we compla9 ( cold 9 our nor!rn hemisph]e1 x is a great inc5tive to "w4 ,ev5 our ea/ w9d is an invigorator2 x braces u up1 & /r5g!ns our n]ves & muscles4 ,x is q possible t ! workm5 ( ! ,t\lon docky>d might fire up & "w ) en]gy provid$ an occasion arose to call =? _! dormant en]gy4 ,b )\t ! aid ( an almo/ univ]sal introduction ( self-act+ tools 9 ?is sleepy e/abli%m5t1 to break1 ) ! busy hum ( active work+ ma*9]y1 ! spell ( indol5ce t seem$ to p]vade x1 !re appe>$ to me no hope ( any?+ l cont9u\s & effective indu/ry or useful results4 ,! docks look$ l "o va/ knack]'s y>d ( brok5-d[n obsolete %ips & wret*$ old p>aph]nalia--un=tunately a *>act]i/ic ( o!r e/abli%m5ts ne>] home ?an ,t\lon4 ,aft] transact+ my bus9ess ) ! direct+ (fic]s ( ?is va/ docky>d ,i return$ to ,m>seilles4 ,!re ,i f\nd lett]s requir+ me to proce$ to ,naples1 9 ord] to complete "s bus9ess arrangem5ts 9 t city4 ,i 0 exce$+ly rejoic$ to h an opportunity ( visit+ ! s\? ( ,italy4 ,i set out at once4 ,a f9e new /eam] ( ! ,messag]ies ,imp]iales1 ! ,ercolano1 0 ready to sail f ! h>b\r4 ,i took my place on bo>d4 ,i f\nd t ! eng9es _h be5 made by ,maudsley ,sons & ,field2 !y 7 ( _! late/ improv$ d\ble-cyl9d] con/ruction4 ,:5 ,i w5t d[n into ! eng9e-room ,i felt myself 9 a s5se at home2 = ! /yle ( ! eng9es br\ght to my m9d _m a pleasant remembrance ( ! days gone by4 ,we /eam$ out ( ! h>b\r1 & pass$ 9 succession ! beautiful little isl&s :i* gem ! bay ( ,m>seilles4 ,among/ o!rs1 ! isle ( ,if1 cr[n$ by its ca/le1 once a ,/ate prison1 & ! ,*ateau d',if1 immortalis$ by ,dumas4 ,!n ,pomegne1 ,ratoneau1 & o!r isl&s4 ,we 7 n[ on ! deep blue ,m$it]ranean1 wat*+ ! graceful curves ( ! coa/ z we /eam$ along4 ,soon aft]1 we came 9 sight ( ! sn[-capp$ m>itime ,alps beh9d ,nice4 ,! ev5+ 0 calm & cle>1 & a bright moon %one ov]head4 ,next morn+ ,i awoke 9 ! h>b\r ( ,g5oa1 ) a spl5did panoramic view ( ! city be=e me4 ,i %all nev] =get ! glori\s sight ( t cle> bright morn+ z long z ,i live4 ,z ! /eam] 0 to rema9 9 ! h>b\r until two o'clock next day1 ,i l&$ ) ! pass5g]s & saw ! wond]s ( ! city4 ,i felt z if ,i 7 9 a new _w4 ,on e side & all ar\nd me 7 objects ( art light$ up by glori\s sun%9e4 ,! picturesque n>r[ /reets1 ) ! blue sky ov]head & ! bright sun%9e light+ up ! beautiful ar*itecture ( ! palatial h\ses1 reliev$ by masses ( cle> %ade1 toge!r ) ! picturesque dresses ( ! p1 & ! baskets ( oranges & lemons ) ! leaves on ! b\ghs on :i* !y _h be5 born & re>$1 ! brilliant gre5]y ( ! inn] c\rts into :i* y peep$ :ile pass+ along ! ,/rada ,nuova1 lit]ally a /reet ( palaces1 ?rew me into a f]v5cy ( delight4 ,"h1 inde$1 0 ar*itecture to be pr\d (--gr&1 impos+1 & massive--*a/ely yet glori\sly ornam5t$4 ,!re 0 no?+ ( ! g+]bread ord] "h6 ,! plan ( ^! palaces is admirable4 ,!y are op5 to ! /reet1 s t all ! inn] arrangem5ts may be se54 ,!re is ! c\rt1 surr\nd$ by arcades1 ! ar*es ( :i* re/ ^u columns2 ! flights ( m>ble /eps on ea* side1 lead+ to ! great hall or ! pr9cipal ap>tm5ts2 & inside ! c\rt1 ! p9k daphnes & ,tang]9e orange frees1 surr\nd$ by gre5]y1 ) :i* ! spl5d\r ( ! m>ble admirably contra/s2--! :ole produc+ a magnific5t effect4 ,i rememb]$ t ,g5oa la sup]ba 0 "o ( my fa!r's pet subjects :5 talk+ ( 8 fir/ visit to ,italy2 & n[ ,i c\ld confirm all t he _h said ab\t ! spl5d\r ( its palaces4 ,i d n "k ( any?+ m delightful ?an to grope "o's way ?r\gh a =eign city1 especially su* a city z ,g5oa1 & come unexpect$ly ^u "s build+ t "o has he>d (--t has dimly liv$ 9 ! m9d l a dream--& n[ to see x realis$ 9 fact4 ,x sudd5ly />ts into life1 z x 71 surr\nd$ by its natural associations4 ,i hate y\r pr(essional guides & _! con/ant *att]4 ,mu* bett] to come ) a m9d prep>$ ) "s hi/ory to fall back ^u1 & ?us be enabl$ to comp>e ! pres5t ) ! pa/1 ! liv+ ) ! dead4 ,i climb$ up "s ( ! hills surr\nd+ ,g5oa--= x is a city ( ups & d[ns4 ,i w&]$ ab\t ! t]rac$ palaces surr\nd$ by orange groves & survey$ ! =tifi$ heights by :i* ! place is surr\nd$4 ,:at exquisite bits ( sc5]y !re 7 to sket*2 :at a ri* comb9ation ( nature & art6 ,& :at a _w ( col\r1 ) ! cle> blue sea 9 ! di/ance6 ,altoge!r1 t "o day at ,g5oa--?\gh b a succession ( glimpses =m$ a bright spot 9 my life1 t nei!r "t nor di/ance c dim or t>ni%4 ,i return$ to ! h>b\r two h\rs be=e ! /eam] 0 to leave4 ,to commemorate my visit1 ,i m\nt$ ! top ( ! paddle-box1 took out my sket* book1 & made a panoramic view ( ,g5oa z se5 f ! h>b\r4 ,i did x 9 p5cil at ! "t1 & aft]w>ds fill$ x up ) ink4 ,:5 ! pages ( ! sket* book _h be5 jo9$ toge!r ! panoramic view ext5d$ to ab\t eight feet long4 ,! accuracy ( ! detail1 z well z ! spe$ ) :i* ! draw+ 0 done1 7 p]haps r cr$itable to ! draughtsman--at lea/ s my arti/ic fri5ds 7 pleas$ to tell me4 ,inde$1 _m ye>s aft]1 a fri5d at c\rt desir$ to submit x to ! highe/ ,lady 9 ! l&1 &1 be+ h]self an arti/1 %e express$ h]self z highly gratifi$ ) ! p]=mance4 ,image ,a monk on bo>d ,! next /ation ! /eam] t\*$ at 0 ,leghorn4 ,z ! vessel 0 n to />t until next day1 !re 0 suffici5t "t = me to run up to ,pisa4 ,!re ,i sp5t a delightful day pr9cipally 9 w&]+ ab\t t glori\s gr\p ( build+s situat$ s ne> to ea* o!r-- ! ,ca!dral1 ! ,bapti/]y1 ! ,campo ,santo1 & ! ,campanile or ,lean+ ,t[]4 ,:at int]e/$ me mo/ at ! ,ca!dral 0 ! two bronze lamps susp5d$ at ! end ( ! nave1 :i* sugge/$ to ! m9d ( ,galileo ! inv5tion ( ! p5dulum4 ,?\s&s _h se5 ! lamps sw++ be=e !m1 b he alone w\ld "k ! reason :y4 ,! "o swung at a diff]5t rate z comp>$ ) ! o!r1 be+ ! result ( ! *a9s be+ hung ( diff]5t l5g?s4 ,h5ce ,galileo's discov]y ( ! pr9ciple or ,law ( ! ,p5dulum4 ,?is pav$ ! way = ,newton's law ( gravitation--"o ( ! gr&e/ laws ( ! univ]se4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ works ( ,&rea del ,s>to1 son ( ! ,tailor1 are f\nd "h4 ,inde$1 ! works ( t great pa9t] are little kn[n out ( ,pisa & ,flor5ce4 ,i 0 reluctant to te> myself away f ,pisa2 b ! ,ercolano c\ld n wait1 & ,i 0 back 9 good "t1 & soon "u weigh4 ,! next port we t\*$ at 0 ,civita ,vec*ia1 "o ( ! mo/ dre>y places t c be imag9$1 ?\gh at "o "t an ,etruscan city1 & aft]w>ds ! port ( ,trajan4 ,i did n l&1 z !re 7 "s difficulties 9 ! way ( passports4 ,we /eam$ on2 & next morn+ :5 ,i awoke we 7 pass+ ! coa/ ( ,is*ia4 ,we c\ld sc>cely see ! isl& = a ?ick mi/ _h ov]-spread ! sea4 ,naples 0 /ill hidd5 f our sight1 b ov] ! mi/ ,i c\ld obs]ve ! summit ( ,vesuvius vomit+ =? d5se cl\ds ( :ite smoke4 ,! black summit ( ! crat] appe>$ float+ 9 ! cle> blue sky4 ,b ! heat ( ! sun %ortly w>m$ ! mi/1 & x float$ away l a curta94 ,image ,di/ant view ( ,vesuvius ,a gr& panorama !n lay be=e u4 ,naples look$ bright & magnific5t "u ! sunlight4 ,! sea 0 s smoo? t ! build+s & t[]s & conv5ts & spires 7 reflect$ 9 ! wat]4 ,on our left lay ! ,bay ( ,baiae1 ) its ca/les & temples & ba?s1 dat+ f ! days ( ! ,roman ,republic4 ,to ! "r lay ,ca/ellam>e1 ,sorr5to1 & ! isl& ( ,capri4 ,b ! mo/ prom95t object 0 ,vesuvius 9 front1 ) its exp&+ cl\d ( :ite smoke ov] ! l&scape4 ,on l&+1 ,i took up my qu>t]s at ! ,hotel ,victoria4 ,i salli$ =? to take my fir/ ha/y view ( ! ,*iaia1 ! /reets1 & ! pr9cipal build+s4 ,b1 9 accordance ) my motto ( ,duty fir/1 pleasure second1 ,i proce$$ to att5d to ! bus9ess respect+ :i* ,i _h visit$ ,naples4 ,t1 h[ev]1 0 soon dispos$ (4 ,9 a few days ,i 0 able to att5d to pleasure4 ,i made my way to ! ,museo ,borbonico1 n[ call$ ! ,national ,museum4 ,i f\nd x a ri* m9e ( preci\s treasures1 consi/+ ( ,greek1 ,etruscan1 & ,roman antiquities ( e description4 ,n ! lea/ int]e/+ "p ( ! ,museum is ! collection ( m>bles1 pictures1 & articles ( daily use1 dug f ! ru9s ( ! buri$ city ( ,pompeii4 ,e sp>e h\r t ,i c\ld comm& 0 occupi$ 9 visit+ & revisit+ ?is wond]ful ,museum4 ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii 7 also visit$1 b1 m ?an all1 ! crat] ( ,vesuvius4 ,dur+ my visit ! m\nta9 0 9 its normal /ate4 ,i m\nt$ ! volcanic a%es ) :i* x is /rewn1 & got to ! top4 ,!re ,i c\ld look d[n into ! pit f :i* ! cl\ds ( /eam are vomit$ =?4 ,i w5t d[n to ! v edge ( ! crat]1 /ood close to its m\?1 & wat*$ ! int]mitt5t up-ru%+ ( ! bla/s ( vap\r & sulphure\s gases4 ,to keep cle> ( ^! ,i /ood to ! w9dw>d side1 & 0 ?us out ( h>m's way4 ,:at /ruck me mo/ 0 ! wond]fully brilliant col\rs ( ! rugg$ lava rocks =m+ ! precipit\s cliffs ( ! int]ior walls ( ! crat]4 ,^! brilliant col\rs 7 ! result ( ! sublimation & cond5sation on _! surfaces ( ! comb9ations ( sulphur & *loride ( iron1 q z bright z if !y _h be5 pa9t$ ) bright r$1 *rome1 & all ! mo/ brilliant t9ts4 ,columns ( all mann] ( *emical vap\rs asc5d$ f ! clefts & deep cracks1 at ! bottom ( :i* ,i cle>ly saw ! bright hot lava4 ,i roll$ z big a mass ( cool lava z ,i c\ld to ! edge ( ! crat] & heav$ x d[n2 b ,i he>d no s\nd4 ,d\btless ! dep? 0 va/1 or x might probably h fall5 into ! molt5 lava1 & ?us made no noise4 ,on leav+ ?is horrible pit edge1 ,i ti$ ! c>d ( ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry to a bit ( lava & ?rew x 91 z tok5 ( respectful civility to ,vulcan1 ! head ( our craft4 ,i _h consid]ably m difficulty 9 clamb]+ up to ! top edge ( ! crat] ?an ,i _h 9 com+ d[n4 ,once or twice1 inde$1 ,i 0 half *ok$ by ! swirls ( sulphure\s & muriatic acid vap\r t environ$ me be=e ,i c\ld rea* ! upp] edge4 ,i sat d[n 9 a nook1 ?\gh x 0 a v hot "o1 & made a sket* or two ( ! appe>ance ( ! crat]4 ,b ,i feel t x is q beyond my p[] ei!r by p5 or p5cil1 to convey an idea ( ! weird une>?ly aspect :i* ! funnel-%ap$ crat] ( ,vesuvius pres5t$ at t "t4 ,an eruption ( unusual viol5ce _h occurr$ %ortly be=e ,i saw x4 ,great r\nd$ blocks ( lava _h be5 ?r[n high into ! air aga9 & aga91 & _h fall5 back into ! t]rible focus ( volcanic viol5ce4 ,va/ portions ( ! rugg$ & precipit\s sides ( ! crat] _h fall5 91 & 7 left 9 a /ate ( ! wilde/ confusion4 ,:5 ,i visit$ ! place ! eruption _h comp>atively subsid$4 ,! ?roat ( ! crat] 0 a rugg$ op5+ ( m ?an =ty feet diamet]1 lead+ d[n to--,:]e8 ,e*o answ]s1 ,:]e8 ,& yet !re is no d\bt b t ! great mass ( mat]ials :i* lay ar\nd me z ,i made my sket*es1 _h be5 %ot up f inconceivable dep?s b5ea? ! solid cru/ ( ! e>?4 ,!re /ill rema9s an enorm\s mass ( molt5 mat]ials t has be5 %ut up b5ea? t cru/ s9ce ! surface ( ! globe assum$ its pres5t condition4 ,! m9]al matt] t =m$ ! globe _h conv]g$ t[>ds its c5tre ( gravity1 & ! arre/m5t ( ! mom5tum ( ! coalesc+ p>ticles result$ 9 int5se heat4 ,h5ce ! molt5 condition ( ! globe 9 its primitive /ate4 ,! molt5 lava ( volcanoes is ! survival ( t orig9al cosmical heat4 ,?is heat has play$ a great "p 9 ! physical hi/ory ( ! globe4 ,volcanic action has be51 z x 71 ! univ]sal pl\gh6 ,x has giv5 u m\nta9s1 hills1 & valleys4 ,x has giv5 u picturesque sc5]y1 gorges1 precipices1 wat]falls4 ,! up heav+ ag5t has display$ ! m9]al treasures ( ! e>?1 & enabl$ man1 by intellig5t indu/ry1 to use !m z m9es ( mat]ial bless+s4 ,?is is inde$ a great & sublime subject4 ,i _h rema9$ ne> ! m\? ( ! crat] = ab\t five h\rs4 ,ev5+ 0 approa*+4 ,my draw+s 7 f9i%$1 & ,i prep>$ to leave4 ,my desc5t f ! summit ( ! crat] edge 0 comp>atively rapid1 ?\gh e foot/ep w5t d[n "s fifte5 in*es ?r\gh ! volcanic a%es4 ,i desc5d$ by ! ea/]n side1 & 0 soon at ! base ( ! great cone4 ,i made my way by tortu\s walk+ r\nd ! erupt$ masses ( lava1 & also by portions ( ! lava /reams1 :i*1 on los+ _! orig9al fluidity1 _h become pil$ up & contort$ into gigantic masses4 ,at ! extreme edges ( ! fl[1 :]e ! lava _h become viscid1 ^! folds & contortions 7 v rem>kable4 ,!y 7 pil$ fold ov] fold1--! result ( ! mighty pressure f beh9d4 ,x 0 sad to see s _m olive g>d5s burnt & de/roy$2 ! trees 7 z black z *>coal4 ,x is s+ul> to see ! numb]s ( orange & olive gr[]s :o *oose to live s ne> to ! fi]y elem5t4 ,b ! heat presses =w>d ! gr[? ( vegetation4 ,to be !re is l liv+ 9 a ho?\se2 & ! soil is extraord9>ily f]tile4 ,h5ce ! numb] ( v9ey>ds q close to ! base ( ,vesuvius4 ,! cultivators endeav\r to enclose _! g>d5s ) h>d masses ( lava1 s z to turn (f ! fl[ ( ! molt5 /reams 9 o!r directions2 b ! lava bur/s ?r\gh ! walls aga9 & aga91 & ! g>d5s are (t5 utt]ly burnt up & ru9$4 ,almo/ e field at ! base ( ,vesuvius conta9s a neat little oratory1 ) a /atue ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 to :i* ! cultivators repair 9 times ( p]il & calamity4 ,b *apel1 /atue1 & g>d5s are alike swept away by ! trem5d\s desc5t ( ! molt5 lava4 ,z ! night 0 gr[+ d>k1 ,i made my way f ^! riskful f>ms to ,ros9a1 a little village on ! way back to ,naples4 ,z ,i _h _h no?+ to eat or dr9k dur+ ?is ?ir/-produc+ j\rney1 ,i w5t into a w9e %op & ask$ = "s refre%m5t4 ,! w9e %op 0 a sort ( vault1 ) a door l t ( a coa*-h\se1 b ) a b5* & n>r[ table4 ,! good woman br\ght me a great gre5 glass bottle l a vitriol c>boy6 ,x conta9$ m ?an six gallons ( w9e1 & %e left me ) a big glass to satisfy my wants4 ,! w9e 0 ! v]itable ,la*ryma1 ,*ri/i--a delightful light cl>et--= produc+ :i* ! v9ey>ds at ! base ( ,vesuvius are fam\s4 ,aft] "s mo/ glori\s swigs f ?is g5]\s & jovial c>boy1 accompani$ ) "s delightful fre% made bread1 ,i felt myself up to any?+4 ,aft] wa%+ d[n ! du/ t ,i _h swall[$ dur+ ! day1 ,i settl$ ) my lib]al l&lady 7inde$ %e 0 mightily pleas$ ) only t5p5ce71 & />t$ = ,naples4 ,i _h /ill an eight-mile walk be=e me1 b t 0 no?+ to my vigor\s p[]s at t "t4 ,! moon _h ris5 dur+ my /ay 9 ! w9e h\se1 & x %one ) a bright cle> light4 ,aft] a few miles' walk+ ,i felt a little tir$1 = ! day's ex]cise _h be5 r toilsome4 ,a f9e c>riage pass$ me on ! road ) a mo/ tempt+ plat=m beh9d4 ,i hail$ ! driv]1 & 0 all[$ to m\nt4 ,i 0 soon b[l+ along ! lava pav$ road1 & 9 a %ort "t ,i arriv$ at ,naples4 ,i made ano!r excursion to ! crat] ( ,vesuvius be=e ,i left1 z well z visits to ,h]culaneum & ,pompeii1 :i* exce$+ly int]e/$ me4 ,b ^! ,i ne$ n attempt to relate4 ,i ref] my read]s to ,murray's ,guide ,book1 :]e bo? are admirably describ$4 ,aft] complet+ my bus9ess affairs at ,naples1 & s[+ ! se$s ( sev]al ord]s1 :i* aft]w>ds bore sub/antial results1 ,i left ! city by ! same l9e ( /eam]s4 ,i pass$ aga9 ,civita ,vec*ia1 ,leghorn1 ,g5oa1 & ,m>seilles4 ,on pass+ ?r\gh ! ,s\? ( ,france ,i visit$ ! works ( sev]al ( our employ]s1 & c>ri$ back ) me _m ord]s4 ,x 0 :5 at ,creuzot t ,i saw ! *ild ( my bra91 ! /eam hamm]1 9 full & effici5t "w4 ,b ?is ,i h ref]r$ to 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,,*apt] #ae4 ,/eam ,hamm] ,pile-driv]4 ,9 #ahdj ,i furni%$ ,sir ,edw>d ,p>ry ) a draw+ ( my /eam hamm]1 9 ! hope t ,i might induce him to recomm5d its adoption 9 ! ,royal ,docky>ds4 ,sir ,edw>d 0 at t "t ! head director ( ! /eam m>9e ( ,engl&4 ,t 0 aft] ! celebrity he _h acquir$ ?r\gh 8 ,arctic voyages4 ,i 0 ( op9ion t ! hamm] might prove exce$+ly useful 9 =g+ an*ors & l>ge iron "w 9 ^? great e/abli%m5ts4 ,sir ,edw>d appe>$ to be mu* /ruck ) ! simplicity & probable effici5cy ( ! inv5tion4 ,b ! ,admiralty ,bo>d 7 v av]se to introduc+ new me?ods ( manufactur+ into ! docky>ds4 ,accord+ly1 my int]view ) ,sir ,edw>d ,p>ry1 not)/&+ 8 good op9ion1 prov$ fruitless4 ,"t pass$ by4 ,i _h furni%$ /eam hamm]s to ! pr9cipal f\ndries 9 ,engl&4 ,i _h s5t !m abroad1 ev5 to ,russia4 ,at l5g? x became kn[n to ! ,lords ( ! ,admiralty t a new p[] 9 =g+ _h be5 introduc$4 ,?is 0 9 #ahdc1 ?ree ye>s aft] ,i _h submitt$ my design to ,sir ,edw>d ,p>ry4 ,! result 0 t my ,lords appo9t$ a deputation ( intellig5t (fic]s to visit my f\ndry at ,patricr(t to see ! new inv5tion4 ,x consi/$ ( ,capta9 ,b5ison 7bro!r ( ! late ,speak]71 & ,capta9 ,burgman1 ,resid5t ,eng9e] at ,devonport ,docky>d4 ,!y 7 well able to und]/& ! p[]ful ag5cy ( ! /eam hamm] = m>9e =ge "w4 ,i gave !m e opportunity = obs]v+ its action4 ,!y 7 mu* pleas$1 & ,i may add a/oni%$1 at its range1 p[]1 & docility4 ,besides %[+ !m my own /eam hamm]1 ,i took ! deputation to ! ext5sive works ( ,messrs4 ,ru%ton & ,eck]sley1 :]e !y saw "o ( my five-ton hamm]-block /eam hamm]s 9 full action4 ,x 0 hamm]+ out "s wr\ght-iron =g+s ( ! l>ge/ class1 z well z work+ ^u small] =g+s4 ,by exhibit+ ! wide range ( p[] ( ! /eam hamm]1 ^! g5tlem5 7 entirely satisfi$ ( its fitness = all classes ( =g+s = ! naval s]vice4 ,!y report$ to ! ,admiralty accord+ly1 & 9 a few days we receiv$ an (ficial lett]1 ) an ord] = a /eam hamm] hav+ a #ej cwt4 hamm]-block1 toge!r ) ! appropriate boil]1 crane1 & =ge furnace1 s z to equip a complete =ge %op at ,devonport ,docky>d4 ,?is 0 my fir/ ord] f ! ,gov]nm5t = a /eam hamm]4 ,:5 ev]y?+ 0 ready1 ,i set out = ,devonport to see ! hamm] & ! o!r portions ( ! ma*9]y c>efully erect$4 ,9 ab\t a =tnight x 0 ready = its fir/ /roke4 ,z good luck w\ld h x1 ! ,lords ( ! ,admiralty 7 mak+ _! annual visit ( inspection to ! docky>d t day4 ,!y arriv$ too late 9 ! aft]noon = a g5]al inspection ( ! e/abli%m5t2 b !y ask$ ! sup]9t5d+ admiral if !re 0 any?+ ( importance :i* !y might see be=e ! day clos$4 ,! admiral told !m t ! mo/ int]e/+ novelty 9 ! docky>d 0 ! />t+ ( ,nasmy?'s /eam hamm]4 ,v well1 !y said1 let u g & see t4 ,i 0 !re1 ) ! two me*anics ,i _h br\ght ) me f ,patricr(t to erect ! /eam hamm]4 ,i took %>e & %>e alike 9 ! "w4 ,! ,lords 7 introduc$ to me1 & ,i proce$$ to %[ !m ! hamm]4 ,i pass$ x ?r\gh its paces4 ,i made x break an egg%ell 9 a w9e-glass )\t injur+ ! glass4 ,x 0 z neatly effect$ by ! two-&-a-half ton hamm] z if x _h be5 done by an egg-spoon4 ,!n ,i _h a great mass ( :ite-hot iron swung out ( ! furnace by a crane & plac$ ^u ! anvil block4 ,d[n came ! hamm] on x ) pond]\s bl[s4 ,my ,lords scatt]$ to ! extremities ( ! work%op1 = ! spla%es & sp>ks ( hot metal flew ab\t4 ,i w5t on ) ! hurtl+ bl[s ( ! hamm]1 & knead$ ! mass ( iron z if x _h be5 clay into its devis$ =ms4 ,aft] f9i%+ (f ! =g+1 my ,lords ga!r$ r\nd ! hamm] aga91 :5 ,i expla9$ to !m ! rationale ( its work+1 & ! details ( its con/ruction4 ,!y 7 greatly int]e/$1 especially ,mr4 ,sidney ,h]b]t 7aft]w>ds ,"l ,h]b]t ( ,lea71 !n ,secret>y to ! ,admiralty1 & ,sir ,george ,cockburn1 a f9e specim5 ( ! old admiral4 ,inde$1 all ! memb]s ( ! ,bo>d 7 m or less rem>kable m54 ,!y hon\r$ me ) _! c>eful att5tion1 & express$ _! admiration at ! hamm]'s wond]ful range ( p[] & delicacy ( t\*1 9 ?is new application ( ! =ce ( /eam4 ,! aft]noon 0 a mo/ important "o = me 9 m ways ?an "o1 al?\gh ,i _c v5ture to tr\ble my read]s ) ! details4 ,x 0 foll[$1 h[ev]1 by an ord] to supply all ! ,royal ,docky>d =ge dep>tm5ts ) a complete equipm5t ( /eam hamm]s1 & all ! requisite accessories4 ,^! 7 suppli$ 9 due "t1 & gave 9 e case ! highe/ satisfaction4 ,! =g+s 7 f\nd to be greatly bett]1 & almo/ absurdly *eap] ?an ^? done by ! old bit by bit build+-up process4 ,! dang] ( flaws 0 entirely done away )2 &1 9 ! case ( an*ors1 ?is 0 a consid]ation ( life & dea? to ! seam51 :o dep5d = _! safety ^u ! s\ndness ( ! =g+s4 ,besides my introduction to t admirable man1 ,mr4 ,sidney ,h]b]t1 ,i _h ! happ9ess ( be+ introduc$ to ,capta9 ,br&re?1 ,director ( ,naval ,works4 ,! :ole ( ! build+s on %ore1 includ+ ! docky>ds1 7 "u 8 control4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important affairs t ! ,lords ( ! ,admiralty _h to att5d to on _! visit to ,devonport 0 to conclude ! contract = con/ruct+ ! great docks at ,keyham4 ,?is 0 a l>ge ext5sion ( ! ,devonport ,docks1 int5d$ = ! accommodation ( ! great /eam%ips ( ! ,royal ,navy1 z well z = an increase ( ! grav+ docks & work%ops = _! repair4 ,an imm5se portion ( ! %ore ( ! ,hamoaze _h to be wall$ 9 s z to exclude ! tide & enable ! space to be utilis$ = ! above purposes4 ,to effect ?is a va/ am\nt ( pile-driv+ 0 r5d]$ necess>y1 9 ord] to =m a firm f\ndation = ! great out] dock wall1 ab\t a mile & a qu>t] 9 l5g?4 ,messrs4 ,bak] & ,sons 7 ! contractors = ?is "w4 ,!y 7 pres5t at ! fir/ />t ( my /eam hamm] at ,devonport4 ,!y 71 l ! o!rs1 mu* impress$ by its va/ p[] & manageabl5ess4 ,!y _h an int]view ) me z to its applicability = driv+ piles = ! imm5se dock1 ?is be+ an important "p ( _! contract4 ,happily1 ,i _h already giv5 "s att5tion to ?is application ( ! p[]s ( ! /eam hamm]4 ,9 fact1 ,i _h secur$ a pat5t = x4 ,i _h ! draw+s = ! /eam hamm] pile-driv+ ma*9e ) me4 ,i submitt$ !m to ,mr4 ,bak]1 & he saw its importance 9 a mom5t4 ,t1 he 'said1 is ! v ?+ t ,i want to enable me to complete my contract satisfactorily4 ,?\s&s ( enorm\s piles _h to be driv5 d[n into ! deep silt ( ! ,%ore2 & to h driv5 !m d[n by ! old sy/em ( pile-driv+ w\ld h occupi$ a long "t1 & w\ld also h be5 v exp5sive4 ,! draw+s 7 ( c\rse submitt$ to ,capta9 ,br&re?4 ,he 0 delight$ ) my design4 ,! /eam pile-driv] w\ld be1 9 8 op9ion1 ! prime ag5t = effect+ ! comm5cem5t ( ! great "w orig9at$ by himself4 ,at fir/ ! feat ( damm+ out su* a high tide z t ( ! ,hamoaze seem$ v d\btful1 because ! /iff slate silt 0 a trea*]\s & difficult mat]ial to p5etrate4 ,b n[1 he ?\ght1 ! driv+ w\ld be r5d]$ comp>atively easy4 ,) ,capta9 ,br&re?'s cons5t ! contractors ord]$ ( me two ( my /eam hamm] pile-driv]s4 ,!y 7 to be capable ( driv+ #ah-;in* squ>e piles ( #gj feet 9 l5g? into ! silt ( ! ,hamoaze4 ,image ,space to be enclos$ at ! ,hamoaze ,?is fir/ ord] = my pile-driv] 0 a s\rce ( great pleasure to me4 ,i _h long contemplat$ ?is application ( ! p[] ( ! /eam hamm]4 ,! ma*9e _h long be5 9 full action 9 my m9d's eye1 & n[ ,i 0 to see x 9 actual reality4 ,i wrote d[n to my p>tn] by t night's po/ in=m+ him ( ! happy circum/ance4 ,! ord] 0 = two gr& /eam hamm] pile-driv]s1 ea* ) f\r-ton hamm]-blocks4,! wr\ght-iron guide case & ! /eam cyl9d] 7 to weigh 9 all sev5 tons4 ,all ?is weight 0 to re/ on ! %\ld]s ( ! pile4 ,! bl[s 7 to be ab\t eighty 9 ! m9ute4 ,?is1 ,i ?\ght1 w\ld prove ?or\ghly effective 9 rapidly driv+ ! piles d[n into ! e>?4 ,i h said t ! /eam pile-driv] 0 9 my m9d's eye long be=e ,i saw x 9 action4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ delightful results ( ! possession ( ! con/ructive faculty1 t "o c build up 9 ! m9d me*anical /ructures & set !m to "w 9 imag9ation1 & obs]ve be=eh& ! v>i\s details p]=m+ _! respective functions1 z if !y 7 9 absolute mat]ial =m & action4 ,unless ?is happy faculty exi/s ab initio 9 ! bra9 ( ! me*anical eng9e]1 he w h a h>d & disappo9t+ life be=e him4 ,x is ! e>ly cultivation ( ! imag9ation :i* gives ! "r flexibility to ! ?9k+ faculties4 ,?us bus9ess1 comm]ce1 & me*anics are all ! bett] = a little heal?y imag9ation4 ,s soon z ,i _h return$ home1 ,i set to "w & prep>$ ! work+ draw+s ( ! /eam pile-driv]s4 ,!y 7 soon complet$1 convey$ to ,devonport1 & erect$ on ! spot :]e !y 7 to be us$4 ,!y 7 ready on ! #c;d ( ,july #ahde4 ,"s prelim9>y pile-driv+ _h be5 done 9 ! usual way1 9 ord] to make a /age or elevat$ way = my pile-driv] to travel along ! space :]e ! p]man5t piles 7 to be driv54 ,i arrang$ my ma*9es s t !y might travel by _! own locomotive p[]s along ! :ole l5g? ( ! c(f] dam1 & also t !y %\ld hoi/ up ! great logs ( ,baltic timb] :i* =m$ ! ,piles into _! prop] places be=e be+ driv54 ,! entire app>atus ( ! ma*9e 0 erect$ on a /rong timb] plat=m1 & 0 plac$ on :eels1 s t x might move along ! rails laid d[n ^u ! timb] way4 ,! same boil] t suppli$ ! /eam hamm] "p ( ! app>atus s]v$ to "w ! small /eam-eng9e fix$ to ! plat=m = its locomotion1 & also to p]=m ! duty ( re>+ ! next pile :i* _h to be driv54 ,! /eam 0 convey$ to ! hamm] cyl9d] by ! jo9t$ pipe se5 9 ! annex$ engrav+4 ,! pipe accommodat$ itself to any elevation or desc5t ( ! hamm]4 ,! :ole weight ( ! cyl9d]1 hamm]-block1 & guide box1 support$ by ! %\ld]s ( ! pile1 am\nt+ to sev5 tons 9 all1 re/$ ^u ! %\ld]s ( ! pile z a p]suad]2 & ! eighty bl[s p] m9ute ( ! f\r-ton hamm] came d[n ) trem5d\s en]gy ^u ! top ( ! pile head4 ,no soil1 t piles c\ld p5etrate1 c\ld resi/ su* effective ag5cies4 ,image ,diagram ( ! ,/eam ,pile-,driv] ,explanation ( ! ,diagram ( ! ,/eam ,pile-,driv]4--,! *ief feature ( novelty ( ?is pile-driv+ ma*9e consi/s 9 ! employm5t ( ! direct action ( ! ,/eam ,hamm] z ! bl[ giv+ ag5t1 & also 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! dead weight ( ! entire app>atus1 consi/+ ( ! hamm]-block ,c1 ! /eam cyl9d] ,a1 & its guide-case ,b1 is employ$ to importantly aid ! effect ( ! rapid & en]getic bl[s ( ! /eam hamm]4 ,^! pond]\s p>ts re/ on ! %\ld]s ( ! pile ,h all ! :ile x is be+ driv51 ! pile 9 ?is respect be+ ! only support ( ! app>atus ,a ,b ,c4 ,s t1 besides ! eighty bl[s p] m9ute t ! f\r-ton /eam hamm] en]getically deals out to ! head ( ! pile f a f\r foot fall ! dead weight ( ! app>atus con/antly acts z a mo/ effective pr$ispos] to ! s9k+ ( ! pile into ! gr\nd2 ! hoi/+ *a9 ,d be+ let slack ! :ile1 s z to all[ ,a ,b ,c to foll[ d[n ! pile ,h1 :ile ! eighty bl[s p] m9ute are incessantly %[]$ on its head4 ,! upw>d /roke ( ! pi/on1 ) its atta*$ hamm]-block ,c1 is arre/$ at ! prop] height n only by all[+ ! /eam t rais$ x to escape1 b z soon z ! pi/on passes ! escape holes ,x ,x1 ! conf9$ air above ! pi/on at ,o reb\nds1 & s aids mo/ effectively 9 increas+ ! en]gy ( ! fall ( ! hamm]-block ,c on ! pile head4 ,!re 0 a great deal ( curiosity 9 ! docky>d z to ! action ( ! new ma*9e4 ,! pile-driv+ ma*9e-m5 gave me a good-natur$ *all5ge to vie ) !m 9 driv+ d[n a pile4 ,!y adopt$ ! old me?od1 :ile ,i adopt$ ! new "o4 ,! resid5t manag]s s\ght out two great pile logs ( equal size & l5g?--#gj feet long & #ah in*es squ>e4 ,at a giv5 signal we />t$ toge!r4 ,i let 9 ! /eam1 & ! hamm] at once began to "w4 ,! f\r-ton block %[]$ d[n bl[s at ! rate ( eighty a m9ute2 & 9 ! c\rse ( f\r & a half m9utes my pile 0 driv5 d[n to ! requir$ dep?4 ,! m5 work+ at ! ord9>y ma*9e _h only begun to drive4 ,x took !m upw>ds ( twelve h\rs to complete ! driv+ ( _! pile6 ,su* a sav+ ( "t 9 ! p]=mance ( simil> "w--by /eam v]sus manual lab\r--_h nev] be=e be5 witness$4 ,! en]getic action ( ! /eam hamm]1 sitt+ on ! %\ld]s ( ! pile high up al(t1 & foll[+ x sudd5ly d[n1 ! rapidly hamm]$ bl[s keep+ "t ) ! fla%+ out ( ! wa/e /eam at ! end ( ea* /roke1 0 inde$ a rem>kable sight4 ,:5 my pile 0 driv51 ! hamm]-block & guide case 7 spe$ily re-hoi/$ by ! small eng9e t did all ! lab\r+ & locomotive "w ( ! ma*9e2 ! /eam hamm] portion ( :i* 0 !n l[]$ on to ! %\ld]s ( ! next pile 9 succession4 ,aga9 x set to "w4 ,at ?is ! spectators cr[d+ ab\t 9 boats1 pron\nc$ _! approval 9 ! usual ,briti% /yle ( ?ree *e]s6 ,my new pile-driv] 0 ?us ackn[l$g$ z ano!r triumphant pro( ( ! p[] ( /eam4 ,! :ole ( ! piles = ?is great "w 7 spe$ily driv5 94 ,! wall 0 con/ruct$1 & ! docks 7 complet$ 9 an unusually %ort "t4 ,! success ( my pile-driv] 0 foll[$ by num]\s ord]s4 ,x 0 us$ = driv+ ! imm5se piles requir$ = ! ,high ,level ,bridge at ,newca/le1 ! great ,bord] ,bridge at ,b]wick-^u-twe$1 ! ,docks at ,tynem\?1 ! ,docks at ,birk5head1 ! ,docks at ,grimsby1 ! new ,we/m9/] ,bridge1 ! great bridge at ,kief 9 ,russia1 ! bridge at ,pet]sburg1 ! =ts at ,cron/adt1 ! ,emb>rage ( ! ,nile1 at ,yokohama 9 ,japan1 & at o!r places4 ,x enabl$ a solid f\ndation to be laid = ! enorm\s sup]/ructures erect$ ov] !m1 & ?us contribut$ to ! p]man5ce ( _m important und]tak+s4 ,! me*anical pr9ciples on :i* ! effici5cy ( ! /eam pile-driv] *iefly dep5ds are z simple z ,i believe !y are entirely novel & orig9al4 ,! %\ld] ( ! pile acts z ! sole support] ( ! pond]\s mass ( ! hamm]-block1 cyl9d]1 & guide-box4 ,?is heavy weight acts z a pr$ispos+ ag5cy to =ce ! pile d[n1 :ile ! mom5tum giv5 by ! repeat$ fall ( ! hamm]1 at eighty bl[s ! m9ute1 br+s ! con/ant dead weight into full action4 ,i am n aw>e ( any o!r ma*9e 9 :i* su* a comb9ation ( me*anical =ces is employ$4 ,ano!r v effective detail consi/$ 9 employ+ ! wa/e /eam 9 ! upp] "p ( ! cyl9d] = ! purpose ( act+ z a buff] to resi/ any undue l5g? ( ! upw>d /roke ( ! pi/on4 ,b = ?is ! cyl9d] cov]s might h be5 knock$ (f4 ,! ela/ic buff] ( wa/e /eam also act$ z a help to ! d[nw>d bl[ ( ! hamm]-block4 ,! simplicity & effectiv5ess ( ^! arrangem5ts =m--if ,i may be all[$ to say s--a happy illu/ration ( my ,def9ition ( ,eng9e]+1 ! application ( common s5se 9 ! use ( mat]ials4 ,! fold+-up /eam pipe ) :i* ! /eam 0 convey$ f ! boil] to ! cyl9d] at all heights1 & ! way 9 :i* ! fold+ jo9ts accommodat$ !mselves to ! v>y+ height ( ! cyl9d]1 0 ano!r ( my happy ?\ghts4 ,9 fact1 ?is inv5tion1 l mo/ o!rs1 0 ! result ( a succession ( happy ?\ghts4 ,! ma*9e 9 its entirety 0 ! result ( a numb] ( common-s5se contrivances1 su* z ,i g5]ally delight 94 ,at all ev5ts1 ?is mo/ effective & novel ma*9e 0 a special fav\rite ) me4 ,i may m5tion1 be=e conclud+ ?is bran* ( my subject1 t pile-driv+ _h be=e be5 conduct$ on :at ,i might t]m ! artill]y or cannon-ball pr9ciple4 ,a small mass ( iron 0 drawn sl[ly up1 & sudd5ly let d[n on ! head ( ! pile at a high velocity4 ,?is 0 de/ructive1 n impulsive action4 ,sometimes ! pile 0 %iv]$ into spl9t]s1 )\t driv+ x into ! soil2 9 _m cases ! head ( ! pile 0 %att]$ into mat*es1 & ?is 9 spite ( a hoop ( iron ab\t x to keep ! lay]s ( wood toge!r4 ,yet ! :ole 0 soon beat into a sort ( bru%4 ,inde$1 a great portion ( ! m5's "t 0 consum$ 9 rehead+ ! piles4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i employ$ great mass & mod]ate velocity4 ,! fall ( ! /eam hamm]-block 0 only ?ree or f\r feet1 b x w5t on at eighty bl[s ! m9ute1 & ! soil into :i* ! pile 0 driv5 nev] _h "t to grip or ?ru/ x up-- an imp$im5t well kn[n to ord9>y pile-driv]s4 ,at ! end ( ! driv+ by my /eam hamm]1 ! top ( ! pile 0 always f\nd neat & smoo?1 inde$ m s ?an :5 ! driv+ began4 ,i may aga9 rev]t to my int]view ) ! ,lords ( ! ,admiralty on ! occasion ( my fir/ meet+ !m at ,devonport4 ,i 0 resid+ at ! hotel :]e !y usually took up _! qu>t]s :ile mak+ _! annual visitation ( ! docky>d4 ,i 0 hon\r$ ) an invitation to conf] ) ,sir ,george ,cockburn1 ,mr4 ,sidney ,h]b]t1 & ,capta9 ,br&re? on a subject ( consid]able importance2 namely1 ! prov+ ( *a9 cables & an*ors requir$ = ! ,royal ,navy4 ,! "q 0 moot$ z to :e!r or n "s p]man5t injury 0 done to bo? by ! te/ /ra9s to :i* !y 7 submitt$ be=e be+ put on bo>d %ip4 ,?is 0 a subject ( vital importance4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,bo>d reque/$ me to act z "o ( a committee to inquire into ! subject4 ,i felt mu* gratifi$ by ! invitation & gladly accept$ x4 ,on discuss+ ! subject ) ^! g5tlem5 t ev5+1 ,i f\nd t ,sir ,george ,cockburn ent]ta9$ an +5i\s !ory 9 support ( 8 appreh5sions z ! effect ( ov]-pro( /ra9+ ( cables & an*ors4 ,x 0 t !y 7 orig9ally 9 ! condition ( a /rong man :o _h to lift "s heavy weight1 requir+ him to ex]t 8 muscul> /r5g? to ! utmo/2 &1 al?\gh he might p]=m ! feat1 x 0 at ! co/ ( a p]man5t injury1 & t he might nev] be able to lift ! same weight aga94 ,?is1 h[ev] true x might be ) reg>d to fle% & bone /ructures1 0 sc>cely true ) respect to me*anical ag5cies4 ,i propos$ a simple exp]im5t ) *a9 cables1 :i*1 x occurr$ to me1 w\ld %[ q a diff]5t result--namely1 t ! capability ( resi/+ ! sev]e/ pro(-/ra9 w\ld rise r ?an fall at ea* successive pro( ( ! same *a9 cable4 ,to te/ ! correctness ( my supposition1 we _h a fir/-class *a9 cable put into ! pro( ma*9e1& subject$ x to su* a /ra9 z to break x aga9 & aga91 until at la/ x 0 divid$ almo/ into s+le l9ks4 ,z ,i expect$1 ! pro( or break+ /ra9 kept ris+ & ris+ z ea* successive rema9+ portion ( ! cable 0 torn asund]1 ?us %[+ t no injury to ! natural t5acity ( ! *a9 _h result$ f ! increas$ pro(s to :i* x _h be5 subject$1 & t ! la/ brok5 l9ks _h be5 mu* m resi/+ ?an ! fir/4 ,! same class ( demon/rative exp]im5ts 0 made ) an*ors1 & o!r wr\ght-iron "w us$ 9 ! s]vice4 ,! ,admiralty (fic]s 7 mu* gratifi$ ) ! result1 z remov+ a gr\ndless b v natural appreh5sion1 height5$1 no d\bt1 by ! sugge/ions t _h be5 made to ! ,admiralty1 t _! /&>d pro( /ra9 0 n only too high 9 itself1 b produc$ p]man5t damage to :at at ! outset 0 ( ! t\ghe/ iron4 ,my sy/em ( cont9u$ pro(-/ra9+ 01 9 fact1 ano!r exemplification ( ! ,survival ( ! ,fitte/6 ,a v int]e/+ tru? came out 9 ! c\rse ( our exp]im5ts4 ,x 0 t ! *ief cause ( failure 9 ! l9ks ( *a9 cables arose1 n s mu* f _! want ( t5acity1 or f ! quality ( ! iron1 b f "s defective weld+ 9 ! mak+ ( ! l9ks4 ,to get at ?is tru?1 _m excell5t cables z receiv$ f ! contractors1 z well z vet]an ones t _h held great %ips rid+ at an*or 9 t]rible gales1 7 pull$ asund] l9k by l9k by an int5tional de/ructive /ra9 by ! prov+ ma*9e4 ,an exact acc\nt 0 tak5 ( ! nature ( ! fracture ( ea*4 ,! result 0 t 9 eight cases out ( t51 ! fracture 0 f\nd to result f a defectively weld$ "p ( ! *a9-l9k4 ,! practically tra9$ eye c\ld see ! scoria :i* indicates ! defective weld+4 ,?\gh long unse51 x 0 betray$ at once :5 ! l9k 0 torn op5 by ! pro( /ra94 ,my s]vices on ?is committee prov$ a s\rce ( great enjoym5t to me4 ,i _h frequ5t occasion to visit ! docky>ds & work%ops1 accompani$ by ,capta9 ,br&re?1 surveyor-g5]al ( ! ,admiralty l&works1,mr4 ,?omas ,lloyd1 eng9e]-9-*ief ( ! ,admiralty1 & ,mr4 ,j]emiah ,ow51 *ief ( ! metal mat]ial requir$ 9 ! equipm5t ( ! navy ,i 0 reque/$ to sugge/ any improvem5t 9 ! work%ops t ,i ?\ght w\ld add to ! effici5cy ( ! dep>tm5t2 & ,i tru/ t my recomm5dations prov$ ( practical good to ! s]vice4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i h reason to "k t _m ( ! recomm5dations ( ! committee1 ?\gh cordially ackn[l$g$ by ! high] p[]s1 7 by a sort ( passive resi/ance practically %elv$4 ,i 0 mu* amus$1 :5 ,i fir/ w5t to ,devonport docky>d1 to notice ! punctili\s obs]vance ( =ms & c]emonies ) respect to ! v>i\s positions ( (ficials--f ! admiral-sup]9t5d5t d[n ! (ficial grades ( dignity1 to ! =em5 ( dep>tm5ts1 & s on4 ,i did n c>e = all ?is panj&rum ( punctili\sness1 b 01 ,i hope1 civil & *atty ) ev]ybody4 ,i _h a good ^w = ! man z well z = ! =eman4 ,i receiv$ "s k9d & good-natur$ h9ts z to ! relative (ficial sup]iority t prevail$ 9 ! dep>tm5ts1 & made out a scale or li/ ( ! v>i\s /rata accord+ly4 ,?is gamut ( em95ce 0 ( use to me 9 my deal+s ) docky>d (ficials4 ,i 0 enabl$ to m9d my p's & q's 9 communicat+ ) !m4 ,! fir/ ,sunday t ,i sp5t at ,devonport ,i w5t to ! docky>d *ur*--! *ur* appo9t$ = (ficials & m5 employ$ by ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! seats 7 appo9t$ 9 ! ord] ( rank1 employm5ts1 & rate ( pay4 ,! r[s ( seats 7 all m>k$ ) ! class ( employ]s t 7 expect$ to sit 9 !m4 ,lab\r]s 7 ne> ! door4 ,! o!rs 7 9 successive r[s =w>d1 until ! pew ( ! ,admiral ,sup]9t5d5t1 next ! ,alt> rails1 0 rea*$4 ,i took my seat among ! artific]s1 be+ ( t ord]4 ,on com+ out ( *ur* ! ma/]-att5dant1 next 9 dignity to ! admiral-sup]9t5d5t1 came up to me to say h[ di/ress$ he 0 to see me among ! artific]s1 & begg$ me 9 future to use 8 seat4 ,no d\bt ?is 0 k9dly int5d$1 & ,i ?ank$ him = 8 c\rtesy4 ,nev]!less ,i kept to my class ( artific]s4 ,i did n l ! bree/ o' ! laft'99 footnote444 ,! bree/ o' ! laft is ! seat ( dignity4 ,! be/ places 9 *ur*es are occupi$ by sup]ior p4 ,9 ,scotl& ! *ief m5 --! ,provo/s1 ,bailies1 & ,c\ncillors--h a seat appropriat$ to !m 9 ! front "p ( ! gall]y1 g5]ally opposite ! m9i/]4 ,t is ! bree/ o' ! laft4 ,! same pr9ciple p]vades society g5]ally4 444 pr9ciple4 ,no d\bt ! love ( di/9ction1 )9 reasonable limits1 is a great social prime mov]2 b at ,devonport1 ) ! splitt+ up into ranks1 ev5 among/ workm51 ,i f\nd x simply amus+1 especially :5 introduc$ into a *ur*4 ,i aft]w>ds met ) sev]al vet]ans 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,admiralty1 :o are well s]v$ by su* exp]i5c$ & well-select$ m54 ,x is ! s*em]s & ! satellites :o haunt ! contractors t are ! v]m9 ( docky>ds4 ,i gave !m all a v wide b]?4 ,b wor/ ( all are ! m5 :o get _! employm5t ?r\gh p>liam5t>y influ5ce4 ,!y are a dete/able set4 ,!y always h "s grievance to pe/] p ab\t4 ,i hope ?+s are bett] n[4 ,i may add1 ) respect to ! /eam hamm] pile-driv+ ma*9es1 t ,i receiv$ an ord] = two ( !m f ,mohamm$ ,ali1 ! ,pa%a ( ,egypt4 ,^! 7 requir$ = driv+ ! piles 9 t great "w --! b>rage ( ! ,nile ne> ,cairo4 ,! good s]vices ( ^! ma*9es s pleas$ ! ,pa%a t he reque/$ u to receive ?ree select$ ,arab m5 into our works4 ,he ask$ t !y %\ld h ! opportunity ( obs]v+ ! ma*9]y processes & ! sy/em ( managem5t ( an ,engli% eng9e]+ factory4 ,! object ( ! ,pa%a 0 t ! m5 %\ld return to ,egypt & !re e/abli% an eng9e manufactory1 s z to r5d] him 9 a measure indep5d5t ( =eign help4 ,= ,briti% workm51 :5 import$ into ,egypt1 _h a great t5d5cy to deg5]ate :5 remov$ f ! :olesome /imulus to ex]tion 9 competition ) _! fell[s4 ,my firm _h no objection to ! introduction ( ! ,arab workm54 ,accord+ly1 "o day we receiv$ a visit f an excell5t ,egyptian (fic]1 ,edim ,bey1 accompani$ by 8 secret>y ,ru%di ,eff5di1 :o spoke ,engli% flu5tly4 ,he ?us made our int]view ) ! ,bey easy & agreeable4 ,he convey$ to u1 9 ! mo/ c\rte\s mann]1 ! wi%es ( ! ,pa%a2 & ! ?ree workm5 7 at once receiv$4 ,e opportunity 0 giv5 !m to obs]ve & und]/& ! works go+ =w>d4 ,!y 7 intellig5t-look+ "y m51 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ( age4 ,"o ( !m 0 especially bright look+1 quick 9 ! expression ( 8 eyes1 & active 9 8 mann]1 ,8 "n 0 ,affiffi ,lalli2 ! names ( ! o!rs ,i =get4 ,^! "y m5 7 plac$ "u *>ge ( ! =em5 ( ! dep>tm5ts t ea* fanci$ to be mo/ to 8 ta/e4 ,affiffi 0 plac$ 9 ! fitt+ dep>tm5t1 9 :i* skilful manipulation 0 requir$4 ,he exhibit$ rem>kable aptitude1 & 0 soon able to hold 8 own alongside ( our be/ workm54 ,ano!r 0 set to ! turn+ dep>tm5t1 & did fairly well4 ,! ?ird 0 plac$ 9 ! f\ndry1 :]e he soon became effici5t 9 m\ld+ & ca/+ brass & iron "w4 ,he l5t a h& all r\nd1 & pick$ up a real practical k ( ! v>i\s "w 9 8 dep>tm5t4 ,dur+ _! soj\rn 9 our works !y became fri5dly ) _! colleagues2 & 9 fact became q fav\rites ) ! m51 :o 7 always will+ to help !m4 ,b ,affiffi ,lalli 0 reg>d$ z ! g5ius ( ! trio4 ,he %[$ a m>k$ & intellig5t aptitude = acquir+ te*nical skill 9 all ! bran*es ( our bus9ess4 ,aft] rema9+ ) u = ab\t f\r ye>s !y 7 ready to return to ,cairo1 & %[ :at !y _h le>n$ 9 practical & te*nical me*anical k dur+ _! /ay 9 ,engl&4 ,! ?ree ,arab workm5 7 plac$ 9 _! suitable dep>tm5ts 9 ! ,pa%a's "w %ops4 ,b su* 0 ! natural en]gy ( ,affiffi1 t :5 he 0 set to "w beside ! sl[1 dilatory1 & /upid native workm51 he became greatly irritat$4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! active en]getic movem5ts :i* he _h se5 at ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry & ! ineffective1 blund]+1 & unte*nical "w ( 8 fell[s 0 su* t he c\ld n /& x any long]4 ,s "o f9e day he disappe>$ f ! works1 took refuge on bo>d a ,briti% /eam]1 & at ! risk ( 8 neck made 8 way back to ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry6 ,z we 7 reluctant to take back a man :o _h escap$ f ! ,pa%a's employm5t--excell5t workman ?\gh he 0--we decl9$ to employ him4 ,b ,i gave ,affiffi a note ( introduction to ,b\lton & ,watt ( ,soho1 ,birm+ham1 & !re he 0 employ$4 ,he aft]w>ds pass$ into o!r firms1 & hav+ employ$ 8 skill 9 mak+ "s ne$le ma*9]y at ,r$dit*1 he settl$ d[n !re4 ,he m>ri$ a ,w>wick%ire lass1 & _h a family--half ,arab1 half ,engli%-- & has n[ a ?riv+ f\ndry & eng9e] work%op ( 8 own4 ,?is little n>rative %[s t ! ,arab has /ill mu* ( ! wond]ful en]gy & skill t once made ! ,moors ma/]s ( a l>ge "p ( ,s\?-,we/]n ,europe4 ,we _h _m visitors at ! f\ndry--f ,london1 f ! manufactur+ di/ricts1 & f =eign c\ntries4 ,"o day a "y g5tleman pres5t$ a lett] f ,mi*ael ,f>aday1 dat$ ,royal ,in/itution1 #bi? ,may #ahdg1 reque/+ me to pay him "s att5tion & %[ him r\nd ! works4 ,i did s ) all my he>t1 & wrote to ,mr4 ,f>aday intimat+ h[ mu* pleasure x gave me to s]ve him 9 any respect4 ,i _c refra9 f giv+ 8 answ]4 ,he said3 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir--,t y %\ld bo? %[ k9dness to ! be>] ( my lett]1 & prove t y did s ) pleasure by writ+ me a lett] 9 return1 0 inde$ m ?an ,i ought or c\ld h expect$2 b x 0 v gratify+ & pleasant to my m9d4 ,i only wi% t ! circum/ances ( my life 7 su* z to enable me to take advantage ( su* goodwill on y\r "p1 & to be m 9 y\r company & conv]sation ?an is at pres5t possible4 ,i c\ld imag9e great pleasure f su* a condition ( ?+s2 b ?\gh our desires1 & ev5 our hopes at times spread out be=eh& ov] a l>ge ext5t1 x is wond]ful h[1 z ! future becomes ! pres5t1 ! circum/ances t surr\nd u limit ! sph]e to :i* our real life is circumscrib$ ,if ev] ,i come y\r way ,i hope to see y\r face2 & ! hope is pleasant1 ?\gh ! reality may nev] arrive4 ,y tell me ( ! glori\s "w ( y\r pile-driv]1 & x mu/ be inde$ a great pleasure to witness ! result4 ,is x n ,%akespe>e :o says1 ',! pleasure we delight 9 physics pa9'8 ,9 all y\r fatigue & lab\r y mu/ h ?is pleasure 9 abundance1 & a mo/ delightful & heal?y enjoym5t x is4 ,i %all rejoice to see "s day a bl[ ( ! driv] & a tap ( ! hamm]4 ,y speak ( "s exp]im5ts on h>d5+ & temp]+ /eel 9 :i* we c help y4 ,i hope :5 y d come to t[n y w let u h ! pleasure ( do+ s4 ,our app>atus1 su* z x is1 %all be entirely at y\r s]vice4 ,i made1 a long :ile ago1 a few su* exp]im5ts on /eel wire1 b c\ld elim9ate no di/9ct or peculi> results4 ,y w "k h[ to look at ?+s1 & at y\r h& ,i %\ld expect mu*4 ,"h we are j lectur+ away1 & ,i am too tir$ to attempt any?+1 mu* less to d any?+ j n[2 b ! goodwill ( su* m5 z y is a great /imulus1 & w1 ,i tru/ ev5 ) me1 produce some?+ else praisewor?y4 ,ev]1 my de> ,nasmy?1 y\rs mo/ truly1 ,m4 ,,f>aday4 ,,*apt] #af4 ,nuremb]g--,/4 ,pet]sburg--,dannemora4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahdb ,i _h occasion to make a j\rney to ,nuremb]g 9 company ) my p>tn] ,mr4 ,gaskell4 ,we _h be5 invit$ to a conf]5ce ) ! directors ( ! ,nuremb]g & ,muni* ,railroad z to ! supply ( locomotives = work+ _! l9e4 ,z ?is 0 r an important & ext5sive transaction1 we ?\ght x bett] n to tru/ to correspond5ce1 b to see ! directors on ! spot4 ,we f\nd t !re 7 sev]al riskful conditions atta*$ to ! propos$ contract1 :i* we consid]$ x imprud5t to agree to4 ,we _h aft]w>ds good reason to feel satisfi$ t we _h n yield$ to ! v tempt+ comm]cial bl&i%m5ts t 7 (f]$ to u1 b t we refra9$ f und]tak+ an ord] t requir$ s _m important modifications4 ,nev]!less1 ,i 0 exce$+ly delight$ ) ! appe>ance ( ! city ( ,nuremb]g4 ,x c>ries "o back to ! m$iaeval times6 ,! ar*itecture1 ev5 ( ! ord9>y h\ses1 is excell5t4 ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,/4 ,sebald's1 & ! ,frau5kir*e1 are spl5did specim5s ( ,go?ic design4 ,! city is surr\nd$ by old walls & turrets1 by ramp>ts & ba/ions1 enclos$ by a dit* fac$ ) masonry4 ,v few cities h s well escap$ ! /orm ( w> & sieges 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 & ev5 9 mod]n times4 ,ev]y?+ has be5 c>efully pres]v$1 & _m ( ! be/ h\ses are /ill inhabit$ by ! families ^: =efa!rs orig9ally con/ruct$ !m4 ,b progress is beg9n+ to affect ,nuremb]g4 ,x is ! c5tre ( railways2 build+s are ext5d+ 9 all directions2 tram-c>s are runn+ 9 ! /reets2 & be=e long1 ,i fe>1 ! dit* w be fill$ up1 ! surr\nd+ picturesque walls & t[]s demoli%$1 & ! city ?r[n op5 to ! surr\nd+ c\ntry4 ,i visit$ ! h\se ( ,alb]t ,dur]1 "o ( ! greate/ arti/s :o ev] liv$4 ,he 0 a man ( univ]sal g5ius--a pa9t]1 sculptor1 engrav]1 ma!matician1 & eng9e]4 ,he 0 to ,g]many :at ,leon>do da ,v9ci 0 to ,italy4 ,8 h\se is wond]fully pres]v$4 ,y see 8 entrance hall1 8 exhibition room1 8 b$room1 8 /udio1 & ! op5+ into :i* 8 wife--t v]itable ,xantippe --?ru/ ! food t 0 to su/a9 him dur+ 8 solit>y h\rs ( lab\r4 ,i saw 8 grave1 too1 9 ! old *ur*y>d beyond ! ,?i]g>t5 gate4 ,i saw ! bronze plate commemorat+ ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,emigravit #h idus ,aprilis #aebh4 ,emigravit only1 = ! true arti/ nev] dies4 ,hans ,sa*s's grave is !re too--! great ,re=mation poet ( ,lu!r's "t4 ,adam ,krafft mu/ h be5 a great sculptor1 ?\gh 8 "n is little kn[n out ( ,nuremb]g4 ,p]haps 8 f9e/ "w is 9 ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,ca!dral--! ,sacram5t%ausle91 or ! repository = ! sacr$ waf]--a graceful tap]+ /one spire ( florid ,go?ic op5 "w1 m ?an sixty feet high1 :i* /&s at ! op5+ ( ! "r transept4 ,its con/ruction & decoration occupi$ ! sculptor & 8 two appr5tices no less ?an five ye>s2 & all t he receiv$ = 8 h>d lab\r & skilful "w 0 #ggj guld51 or ab\t #hj /]l+4 ,no wond] t he di$ 9 ! deepe/ di/ress4 ,/4 ,sebald's & ! ,frau5kir*e also conta9 num]\s specim5s ( 8 admirable "w4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ ye> 7#ahdc7 x 0 necess>y = me to make a j\rney to ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,my object 0 to endeav\r to obta9 an ord] = a portion ( ! locomotives requir$ = work+ ! l9e betwe5 t city & ,mosc[4 ,! railway _h be5 con/ruct$ "u ! eng9e]%ip ( ,major ,:i/l]1 fa!r ( ! well-kn[n arti/2 & x 0 %ortly ab\t to be op5$4 ,x appe>$ t ! ,emp]or ,ni*olas 0 desir\s ( secur+ a home supply ( locomotives1 & t1 l a wise mon>*1 he wi%$ to employ 8 own subjects r ?an =eign]s 9 produc+ !m4 ,no "o c\ld object to ?is4 ,! ,engli% locomotive manufactur]s 7 n aw>e ( ! ,emp]or's int5tion4 ,:5 ,i arriv$ 9 ! city ,i expect$ an ord] = locomotives4 ,! repres5tatives ( ! pr9cipal ,engli% firms 7 !re l myself2 !y1 too1 expect$ a %>e ( ! ord]4 ,x s happ5$ t at ! table d'hote d9n] ,i sat ne> a v intellig5t ,am]ican1 ) :om ,i soon became intimate4 ,he told me t he 0 v well acqua9t$ ) ,major ,:i/l]1 & (f]$ to introduce me to him4 ,by all means6 ,!re is no ?+ l fri5dly feel+s 9 matt]s ( bus9ess4 ,! ,major gave me a frank & cordial reception1 & in=m$ me ( ! position ( affairs4 ,! ,emp]or1 he said1 0 desir\s ( tra9+ a class ( ,russian me*anics to supply n only ! locomotives b to keep !m con/antly 9 repair4 ,he c\ld n solely dep5d ^u =eign artisans = ! latt] purpose4 ,! locomotives mu/ be made 9 ,russia4 ,! ,emp]or _h giv5 up ! ext5sive premises ( ! ,imp]ial ,*9a ,manufactory1 :i* 7 to be devot$ to ! manufacture ( eng9es4 ,! ,major appo9t$ ,messrs4 ,ea/wick1 ,h>rison1 & ,wynants1 to supply ! entire me*anical plant ( ! railway4 ,i saw t x w\ld be ( no use to apply = any ord] = locomotives2 b ,i (f]$ to d all t ,i c\ld to supply ! necess>y details4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days ,i 0 introduc$ to ,joseph ,h>rison1 ! *ief me*anic ( ! firm2 & ,i !n ent]$ into a fri5d%ip :i* prov$ long & la/+4 ,he gave me a l>ge ord] = boil]s1 & = detail p>ts ( ! ,mosc[ eng9es--all ( :i* help$ him =w>d 9 ! completion ( ! locomotives4 ,we also suppli$ _m ( our special ma*9e tools1 )\t :i* eng9es c\ld n !n be v satisfactorily made or kept 9 repair4 ,9 ?is way ,i 0 9 all respects highly remun]at$ = my j\rney4 ,! enjoym5t ( my visit to ,/4 ,pet]sburg 0 mu* enhanc$ by frequ5t visits to my mu* valu$ fri5d ,g5]al ,alex&] ,wilson4 ,he 0 a native ( ,ed9burgh1 & delight$ to enjoy cracks ) me ^u subjects ( mutual int]e/4 ,8 si/]1 :o kept h\se = him1 jo9$ 9 our conv]sation4 ,%e _h be5 m>ri$ to ! ,emp]or ,paul's physician1 :o 0 also a ,scotsman1 & 0 able to n>rate _m t]rible ev5ts 9 relation to ,russian ,c\rt affairs4 ,! ,g5]al _h work$ 8 way upw>ds1 l ! re/ ( u4 ,dur+ ! pr9cipal "p ( 8 life he _h sup]9t5d$ ! great me*anical e/abli%m5ts at ,alex&rosky & ,colp5ha1 :]e ab\t #cjjj op]atives 7 employ$4 ,^! e/abli%m5ts 7 orig9ally f\nd$ by ! ,empress ,ca!r9e = ! purpose ( creat+ a native manufactur+ population capable ( c>ry+ on textile & me*anical works ( all k9ds4 ,! sail-clo? = ! ,russian navy 0 manufactur$ at ,alex&rosky by excell5t ma*9]y4 ,cotton fabrics 7 also manufactur$1 z well z play+ c>ds1 :i* 7 a ,cr[n monopoly4 ,! great e/abli%m5t at ,colp5ha consi/$ ( a f\ndry1 a ma*9e manufactory1 & a m9t-- :]e ! copp] money ( ! empire 0 co9$4 ,g5]al ,wilson 0 ! direct+ *ief (fic] ( all ^! e/abli%m5ts4 ,?r\gh him ,i _h ! happ9ess ( be+ introduc$ to ,g5]al ,greg1 son ( ! great admiral :o %$ su* hon\r on ! ,russian flag dur+ ! reign ( ! ,empress ,ca!r9e4 ,he 0 !n well advanc$ 9 ye>s1 b full ( ke5 intellig5ce & devot$ to a/ronomical pursuits4 ,he 0 9 a great measure ! f\nd] ( ! ,imp]ial ,obs]vatory at ,pulk[a1 situat$ on an appropriate em95ce ab\t eight miles f ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,! obs]vatory 0 furni%$ "u 8 directions ) ! mo/ magnific5t a/ronomical in/rum5ts4 ,i _h ! hon\r to be introduc$ by him to ! eld] ,/ruve1 ^: a/ronomical lab\rs procur$ him a well-e>n$ reputation ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,i _h ! r>e happ9ess ( sp5d+ "s nights ) ,/ruve1 :5 he %[$ me ! wond]ful capabilities ( 8 f9e in/rum5ts4 ,! obs]vatory is q imp]ial 9 its arrangem5t & managem5t1 & 0 support$ 9 ! mo/ lib]al mann] by ! ,emp]or ,ni*olas4 ,inde$1 x is a p]fect example ( :at s noble an e/abli%m5t %\ld be4 ,/ruve mo/ k9dly invit$ me to come :5ev] ! /ate ( ! wea!r p]mitt$ him to %[ =? ! wond]ful p]fection ( 8 in/rum5ts1--a r>e *ance1 :i* ,i seiz$ e opportunity ( enjoy+4 ,x 0 q a picture to see ! ke5 int]e/ & int5se enjoym5t ) :i* ! pr(\nd a/ronom] w\ld seat himself at 8 in/rum5t & pick out "s exquisite te/ objects1 su* z ! d\ble />s 9 ,virgo1 ,cygnus1 or ,ursa ,major4 ,! beautiful ord] & neatness ) :i* ! in/rum5ts 7 kept 9 _! magnific5t appropriate ap>tm5ts1 ea* hav+ its appropriate obs]v] proce$+ quietly ) 8 allott$ special "w1 ) no?+ to break ! sil5ce b ! tick1 tack6 ( ! sid]eal clock--?is 0 inde$ a mo/ impressive sight6 ,& ! k9dly companionable mann] ( ! great ma/] ( ! e/abli%m5t 0 9 all respects 9 h>mony ) ! a/ronomical "w :i* he conduct$ 9 ?is great ,temple ( ! ,univ]se6 ,?r\gh my fri5d%ip ) ,g5]al ,wilson ,i 0 enabl$ to ext5d my acqua9tance ) _m ( my c\ntrym5 :o _h be5 long settl$ at ,/4 ,pet]sburg 9 connection ) comm]cial affairs4 ,i enjoy$ _! k9d hospitality1 & soon f\nd myself q at home among/ !m4 ,i rema9$ 9 ! city = ab\t two mon?s4 ,dur+ t "t ,i 0 con/antly ab\t4 ,! %ops1 ! /reets1 ! h\ses1 ! museums1 7 objects ( great int]e/4 ,! view ( ! magnific5t build+s along ! sides ( ! quay is v impos+4 ,look+ f ! front ( ! /atue ( ,pet] ! ,great y obs]ve ! long facade ( ! ,admiralty1 ! column ( ,alex&]1 ! ,w9t] ,palace1 & o!r public build+s4 ,! ,neva fl[s 9 front ( !m 9 a massive volume ( pure wat]4 ,on an isl& opposite /&s ! citadel4 ,! :ole pres5ts a c\p d'oeil ( unexampl$ ar*itectural magnific5ce4 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ by ! %ops & _! signbo>ds4 ,! latt] 7 fix$ all ov] ! fronts ( ! %ops1 & conta9$ a del9eation ( ! goods sold )94 ,!re 0 no necessity = read+4 ,! pictorial portraits told _! own tale4 ,!y 7 admirable specim5s ( :at is call$ /ill-life pictures2 n only z reg>ds ! draw+ & col\r+ ( ea* object1 b ) respect to ! gr\p+1 :i* 0 9 mo/ cases arti/ic & natural4 ,two reasons 7 giv5 me = ?is /yle ( arti/ic sign-pa9t+3 "o 0 t _m ( ! p c\ld n read ! writt5 words def9+ ! articles sold )92 & ! o!r 0 t ! sev]e & long-cont9u$ fro/s ( ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg w9t] r5d]$ l>ge %op w9d[s impossible = ! prop] display ( ! goods4 ,h5ce ! small %op-w9d[s to keep out ! cold1 & ! l>ge pa9t$ signbo>ds to display ! articles sold inside4 ,i 0 also greatly pleas$ ) ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,russians employ ivy 9 scre5+ _! w9d[s dur+ summ]4 ,ivy is a beautiful plant1 & is capable ( =m+ a mo/ elegant w9d[-scre54 ,no?+ c be m beautiful ?an to look ?r\gh gre5 leaves4 ,ne>ly e w9d[ ( ! gr\nd flat ( ! h\ses 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg is ?us scre5$4 ,! neat mann] 9 :i* ! ivy plants are tra9$ ov] ornam5tal =ms ( cane is q a /udy 9 its way4 ,& ?\gh ! ivy is v common1 yet a common ?+1 be+ a ?+ ( beauty1 may be a joy = ev]4 ,9 ! f9] & mo/ important mansions1 ! sides ( ! flight ( wide /eps t lead up to ! reception rooms 7 beautifully decorat$ by ole&] plants1 gr[+ 9 great vig\r1 ) _! f9e fl[]s z fre% z if 9 a c>efully-kept cons]vatory4 ,o!r plants ( an ornam5tal k9d 7 mix$ ) ! ole&]1 b ! latt] appe>$ to be ! fav\rite499 footnote444 ,:ile pass+ ?r\gh ,lubeck on my way out to ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,i 0 mu* /ruck ) ! ta/e = fl[]-plants display$ by ! p ( t old-_w city4 ,! inn] side ( ! l[] h\se w9d[s 7 all beautifully decorat$ ) fl[]s1 :i* 7 evid5tly well c>$ =4 ,"s ( ! w9d[s 7 almo/ made up ) fl[]s4 ,p]haps ! long-cont9u$ w9t] ( ^! p>ts has caus$ ! p to /udy & practise )9-door culture ) su* m>k$ success4 ,x is a mo/ elegant pursuit1 & %\ld be cultivat$ ev]y:]e4 ,x is ?or\ghly 9 "* ) ! exquisite cleanl9ess & tid9ess ( ! h\ses at ,lubeck4 444 ,ab\t ! end ( my visit ,i 0 ab\t to call ^u "o ( my cu/om]s ) ref]5ce to my ma*9e tools2 = ?\gh ,i pursu$ pleasure at occasional times1 ,i nev] lo/ sight ( bus9ess4 ,x 0 a v dull day1 & ! /reets ab\t ! ,w9t] ,palace 7 almo/ des]t$4 ,i 0 sitt+ 9 my drosky ) my roll ( draw+s re/+ on my ?igh --some:at 9 ! /yle ( a comm&]-9-*ief z repres5t$ 9 ! old pictures--:5 ,i notic$ a drosky com+ out ( ! gates ( ! ,w9t] ,palace4 ,i obs]v$ t x conta9$ a noble-look+ (fic] 9 a blue milit>y cloak sitt+ beh9d 8 drosky driv]4 ,my driv] in/antly took (f 8 hat1 & ,i1 quickly foll[+ 8 example1 took (f my hat & b[$ gracefully1 keep+ my ext5d$ h& on ! level ( my head--a real royal salute4 ,! p]son 0 no o!r ?an ! ,emp]or ,ni*olas6 ,he fix$ 8 pecuni>ily f9e eyes ^u me & gave me "o ( ! gr&e/ milit>y salutes1 accompani$1 z ,i ?\ght1 ) a k9dly smile f 8 magnific5t eyes z he pass$ close by me4 ,z ,i _h be5 lun*+ ) a ,dut* eng9e] ab\t half an h\r be=e1 & _h a glass or two ( *ampagne1 ?is may h _h some?+ to d ) my d>+ to give ! ,emp]or1 9 8 own capital1 :at ,i 0 aft]w>ds told 0 n a b[ b a bro!rly recognition betwe5 pot5tates1 & only by royal usage all[$ to be s giv51--namely1 sway+ (f ! hat at arm's l5g? level ) ! head1 s z to inf] royal equality1 or some?+ ( t sort4 ,:5 ,i n>rat$ to "s ,russian fri5ds :at ,i _h done1 !y told me t ,i ne$ n be surpris$ if ,i receiv$ a visit f ! *ief ( police next morn+ = my d>+ to salute ! ,emp]or 9 su* a /yle4 ,b ! ,emp]or 0 d\btless m amus$ ?an (f5d$1 & ,i nev] receiv$ ! expect$ visit4 ,to anticipate a little4 ,soon aft]w>ds ! ,emp]or s5t me a pres5t ( a magnific5t diamond r+ ?r\gh 8 ambassador 9 ,engl&-- ,b>on ,brunn[4 ,x 0 also accompani$1 z ! ,b>on in=m$ me1 ) ! ,emp]or's mo/ graci\s ?anks = ! mann] 9 :i* my /eam hamm] _h driv5 ! piles = 8 new =ts at ,cron/adt1 :i* he _h se5 9 full action4 ,! /eam-hamm] pile-driv] _h also be5 us$ = driv+ ! piles ( ! great bridge at ,kieff4 ,i next receiv$ an ord] = "o ( my l>ge/ /eam hamm]s = ! ,imp]ial ,ars5al1 & x 0 foll[$ by _m m4 ,x is a s+ul> fact1 z %[+ ! read9ess ( ! ,russian & o!r =eign ,gov]nm5ts to adopt at an e>ly date any me*anical improvem5t ( asc]ta9$ utility1 t ,i suppli$ /eam hamm]s to ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t twelve mon?s be=e our ,admiralty avail$ !mselves ( its en]getic action4 ,! ,fr5* 7 ! fir/ to adopt ! inv5tion2 ?anks to ! insight ( ,m4 ,b\rdon1 :o _h ! opportunity ( recognis+ its importance4 ,be=e ,i leave ?is "p ( my subject1 ,i mu/ n omit to m5tion my fri5d ,mr4 ,francis ,baird1 ! zeal\s son ( ,sir ,*>les ,baird4 ,! latt] 0 among ! fir/ to e/abli% iron f\ndries & eng9e works at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,at ! "t ( my visit he 0 f> advanc$ 9 ye>s1 & unable to att5d p]sonally to ! v l>ge bus9ess :i* he _h e/abli%$4 ,b he 0 nev]!less full ( g5iality4 ,he greatly enjoy$ ! long conv]sations :i* he _h ) me ab\t 8 fri5ds 9 ,scotl&1 _m ( :om ,i knew4 ,he also told me ab\t ! p]sons 9 8 employm5t4 ,he said t ! workm5 7 all s]fs1 or ! sons ( s]fs4 ,! ,empress ,ca!r9e _h giv5 !m to him = ! purpose ( be+ tra9$ 9 8 eng9e f\ndry1 & 9 8 sug> ref9]y1 :i* 0 ano!r "p ( ! bus9ess4 ,i _h r>ely se5 a m fai?ful & zeal\s set ( workm5 ?an ^! ,russian s]fs4 ,!y 7 able & skilful1 & atta*$ to _! employ]s by "s deep] & /rong] tie ?an t ( m]e money wages4 ,inde$1 !y 7 treat$ by ,sir ,*>les ,baird & 8 son ) ! k9de/ & mo/ pat]nal c>e1 & !y duly repaid _! atta*m5t by _! zeal 9 8 s]vice & ! excell5t quality ( _! "w4 ,! mo/ important bus9ess 9 h& at ! "t ( my visit to ! f\ndry 0 ! m\ld+ & ca/+ ( ! magnific5t bronze capitals ( ! gr& portico ( ! ,izak ,*ur*4 ,?is build+ is "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,x is ( gr& proportions1--simple1 noble1 & massive4 ,x is built ^u a =e/ ( piles4 ,! walls ( ! int]ior are cov]$ ) m>ble4 ,! mala*ite columns = ! scre5 are fifty feet high1 & exce$ ev]y?+ t has yet be5 done 9 t beautiful m9]al4 ,! great dome is ( iron cov]$ ) gilt copp]4 ,?is1 z well z ! ,cor9?ian capitals ( bronze1 0 manufactur$ at ! f\ndry ( ! ,bairds4 ,! tympanum ( ! f\r great porticos consi/$ ( colossal gr\ps ( alto-relievo figures1 _m ( :i* 7 all b entirely deta*$ f ! backgr\nd4 ,x 0 a k9d ( f\ndry "w ( ! highe/ ord]1 all ! details & processes requir+ ! greate/ c>e4 ,to my surprise e "o engag$ 9 ?is gigantic & ref9$ metal "w 0 a s]f4 ,! full-siz$ pla/] models :i* !y us$ 9 m\ld+ 7 execut$ by a resid5t ,fr5* sculptor4 ,he 0 a true arti/1 & ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,b to see ! skilful mann] 9 :i* ^! native workm51 drawn f ! /aff ( ! ,bairds' ord9>y f\ndry work]s1 p]=m$ _! duties1 0 truly surpris+4 ,x w\ld make our be/ bronze /atu>y f\nd]s w9ce to be ask$ to execute su* "w4 ,judg+ f :at ,i saw ( ! ,russian workm5 9 ?is in/ance1 ,i %\ld say t ,russia has a gr& future be=e x4 ,hav+ satisfactorily complet$ all my bus9ess arrangem5ts 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,i prep>$ to set out homew>ds4 ,b z ,i _h "s bus9ess to transact at ,/ockholm & ,cop5hag5 ,i resolv$ to visit ^? cities4 ,i left ,/4 ,pet]sburg = ,/ockholm by a small /eam]1 :i* t\*$ at ,hels+=s & ,abo1 bo? 9 ,f9l&4 ,! wea!r 0 beautiful4 ,cle> blue %y & bright sun%9e by day1 & ! light prolong$ f> into ! night4 ,ev5 9 ,septemb] ! duration ( ! sun%9e is s great & ! night s %ort t ! air has sc>cely "t to cool till x gets heat$ aga9 by ! bright morn+ rays4 ,ev5 at twelve at night ! sun dips b a little b5ea? ! bright horizon on ! nor?4 ,! night is s bright 9 ! ,abo latitude t "o c read ! smalle/ pr9t4 ,no?+ c be m beautiful ?an ! *>m+ sc5]y we pass$ ?r\gh 9 our tortu\s voyage to ,/ockholm4 ,we ?read$ betwe5 ! granite isl&s :i* cr[d ! %ores ( ! ,baltic4 ,!y are cov]$ ) p9es1 :i* desc5d to ! wat]'s edge4 ,we swept !m ) our paddle-boxes1 & dipp$ _! bright gre5 fronds into ! p]fectly cle> sea4 ,= ab\t two days our c\rse lay ?r\gh ^? beautiful small isl&s4 ,x seem$ l a voyage ?r\gh fairyl&4 ,& x cont9u$ 9 ?is exquisite tranquil way until we rea*$ t cr[n+ feature ( all--! magnific5t city ( ,/ockholm1 sleep+1 z x 71 on ! wat]s ( ! ,mal> ,lake1 & surr\nd$ by noble m\nta9s clad ) p9es4 ,) ! exception ( ,ed9burgh1 ,g5oa1 & ,naples1 ,i _h nev] beheld s noble a city ) su* magnific5t surr\nd+s4 ,i sp5t b a %ort "t 9 ,/ockholm1 b q suffici5t to enable me to see mu* t 0 gr&ly beautiful 9 its neighb\rhood4 ,lakes1 rocks1 & noble trees ab\nd$1 & exquisite resid5ces peep$ out ?r\gh ! woods1 giv+ evid5ces ( high civilisation4 ,elegance ( ta/e & p]fect dome/ic arrangem5ts suppli$ e =m ( rational com=t & enjoym5t4 ,my old fri5d ,sir ,john ,ross1 ( ,arctic celebrity1 0 settl$ at ,/ockholm z *ief consul = ,h] ,maje/y4 ,he introduc$ me to sev]al ( ! lead+ ,engli% m]*ants1 f :om ,i receiv$ mu* k9d att5tion4 ,mr4 ,ersk9e invit$ me to sp5d a day or two at 8 beautiful villa 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,x 0 situat$ on ! side ( a m\nta91 & ov]look$ a lake t rem9d$ me v mu* ( ,lo* ,katr9e4 ,f9e timb] grew ab\t1 9 almo/ inaccessible places1 on ! tops ( precipices1 & 9 %elves & clefts among ! rocks4 ,! mo/ important result ( my visit 0 an introduction to ,b>on ,tam1 ! proprietor & *ief director ( ! great ,dannemora ,iron ,m9e4 ,i 0 at once div]t$ = a "t f my voyage to ,cop5hag54 ,i 0 mo/ desir\s ( see+ 9 p]son ?is celebrat$ m9e4 ,! b>on mo/ will+ly furni%$ me ) sev]al lett]s ( introduction to 8 manag]s1 & ,i proce$$ to ,dannemora by way ( ,upsala4 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ by ?is city1 by its ca!dral1 conta9+ ! tomb ( ,gu/avas ,vasa1 & by its _m hi/orical associations4 ,b ,i 0 /ill m impress$ by ,old ,upsala1 ab\t ?ree miles di/ant4 ,?is is a place ( great antiquity4 ,x is only a little hamlet n[1 ?\gh at "o "t x mu/ h be5 ! c5tre ( a l>ge population4 ,! old granite *ur* 0 probably at "o "t a pagan temple4 ,outside1 & ap>t f x1 is a wood5 bell-t[]1 erect$ 9 comp>atively modem times4 ,9 a wood5 box inside ! *ur* is a wood5 pa9t$ god1 a mo/ unlikely figure to wor%ip4 ,& yet ! ,sw$es 9 remote p>ts ( ! c\ntry c>efully pres]ve _! antique wood5 gods4 ,! great sacrifices to ,od9 7 made at ,old ,upsala4 ,outside ! *ur*1 9 a r[1 are ?ree great m\nds ( e>?1 erect$ 9 commemoration ( ,od91 ,?or1 & ,freia--h5ce our ,w$nesday1 ,?ursday1 & ,friday4 ,^! m\nds1 ( ab\t #fj feet high & #bcb feet 9 diamet]1 7 9 =m] times us$ z bury+-places = ! great & valiant4 ,i w5t into a cottage ne> ! tumuli1 & drank a bump] ( mead to ! memory ( ,?or f a v antique wood5 vessel4 ,i made an especial rev]5tial obeisance to ,?or1 because ,i _h a great respect = him z be+ ! great ,hamm]man1 & "o ( our craft1-- ! ,sc&9avian ,vulcan4 ,i drove back to ,upsala1 & rema9$ !re = ! night4 ,x is a sleepy sil5t place4 ,! only s\nd ,i he>d 0 ! voice ( ! wat*man call+ out ! small h\rs ( ! morn+ f 8 /ation on ! summit ( ! ca!dral t[]4 ,z ! place is = ! mo/ "p built ( wood1 ?is precaution 9 ! %ape ( a wat*man :o c see all po9ts ( ! city is a necess>y "o 9 case ( fire4 ,next morn+ ,i hir$ a small sort ( gig ( a v primitive con/ruction1 ) a boy = driv]4 ,8 duty 0 to c>ry me to ! next po/-h\se1 & !re leave me to be c>ri$ =w>d by ano!r simil> conveyance4 ,b ! pony ,no4 #b 0 ab\t a mile (f1 occupi$ 9 draw+ a pl\gh1 s t ,i _h to wait until ! job 0 ov]4 ,9 ab\t an h\r or s ,i 0 aga9 "u weigh4 ,& s on da capo1 until ab\t six 9 ! ev5+1 :5 ,i f\nd myself )9 sight ( ! great m9e4 ,! po/-h\se :]e ,i 0 set d[n 0 an inn1 ?\gh )\t a signbo>d4 ,! l&lady 0 a bright1 *e]y1 jolly woman4 ,%e c\ld n speak a ^w ( ,engli%1 nor ,i a ^w ( ,dannemora ,sw$i%4 ,i 0 v ?ir/y & hungry1 & want$ some?+ to eat4 ,h[ 0 ,i to communicate my wi%es to ! l&lady8 ,i resort$1 z ,i (t5 did1 to ! univ]sal language ( ! p5cil4 ,i took out my sket*-book1 & 9 a few seconds made a sket* ( a table1 ) a di% ( smok+ meat ^u x1 a bottle & a glass1 a knife & =k1 a loaf1 a saltcell>1 & a corkscrew4 ,%e look$ at ! draw+ & gave a he>ty laugh4 ,%e nodd$ pleasantly1 %[+ t %e cle>ly und]/ood :at ,i want$4 ,%e ask$ me = ! sket*1 & w5t into ! back g>d5 to %[ x to h] husb&1 :o inspect$ x ) great delight4 ,i w5t out & look$ ab\t ! place1 :i* 0 v picturesque4 ,aft] a %ort "t1 ! l&lady came to ! door & beckon$ me 91 & ,i f\nd spread out on ! table ev]y?+ t ,i desir$--a broil$ *ick51 smok+ hot f ! gridiron1 a bottle ( capital home-brew$ ale1 & all ! et cet]as ( an excell5t repa/4 ,i made use ( my p5cil 9 _m ways4 ,i always f\nd t a sket* 0 m useful ?an a blund]+ s5t5ce4 ,besides1 x g5]ally creat$ a sympa?y betwe5 me & my ent]ta9]s4 ,image ,! ord] = d9n] ,my visit to ! ,dannemora ,m9e at ,o/]by 0 "o ( peculi> int]e/4 ,i may 9 ! fir/ place say t ! imm5se collection ( iron ore at t po9t has be5 ! result ( ! upheaval ( a va/ volume ( molt5 igne\s ore1 :i* has be5 inject$ into ! rock1 or deposit$ 9 masses "u ! cru/ ( ! e>?4 ,9 "s cases ! qu>ri$ ore yields f #ej to #gj1 & ev5 z mu* z #ij p] c5t ( iron4 ,! ,dannemora ,m9e is a va/ qu>ry op5 to ! sky4 ,:5 y come ne> x ! place looks l a va/ deep pit1 ) an unfa?omable bottom4 ,gho/like1 weird-look+ p9nacles ( rocks /& out f its pr(\nd dep?s2 b beyond ^! y see no?+ b wrea?s ( smoke curl+ up f bel[4 ,! tortu\s *asm 9 ! e>?1 caus$ by ! qu>ries b5ea?1 is ab\t half a mile long1 & ab\t a ?\s& feet wide4 ,image ,dannemora iron m9e4 ,aft] a draw+ by ,james ,nasmy?4 ,! fir/ process ( ! workm5 9 ! qu>ries bel[ is devot$ to break+ into small fragm5ts ! great masses ( ore scatt]$ ab\t by ! previ\s night's explosions4 ,^! are s5t to ! surface 9 great tubs atta*$ to wire ropes1 :i* are drawn up by g9s work$ by horses4 ,o!r m9]s are engag$ 9 bor+ bla/ holes 9 ! ore1 :i* displays itself 9 great wide ve9s 9 ! granite sides ( ! va/ *asm4 ,^! bla/ holes are *>g$ ) gunp[d]1 ea* ) a mat* atta*$4 ,at ! end ( ! day ! great] numb] ( ! m9]s are drawn up 9 ! cages or tubs1 :ile a few are left bel[ to light ! sl[-burn+ mat*es atta*$ to ab\t a hundr$ *>g$ bore holes4 ,! re/ ( ! m9]s are drawn up1 & !n beg9s ! trem5d\s bomb>dm5t4 ,i wat*$ ! progress ( x f a /age project+ ov] ! wild-look+ yawn+ gulph4 ,x 0 gr& to he> ! succession ( explosions t fill$ ! bottom ( ! m9e f> b5ea? me4 ,!n ! volumes ( smoke1 ?r\gh ! surface ( :i* masses ( rock 7 sometimes s5t :irl+ up into ! cle> blue sky1 & fell back aga9 into ! pit bel[4 ,su* an inf]nal cannonade ,i h nev] witness$4 ,9 "s respects x rem9d$ me ( ! crat] ( ,vesuvius1 f :i* su* d5se cl\ds ( /eam & smoke & fire are ?r[n up4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! night1 ! suffocat+ smoke & sulphure\s gases has "t to pass away1 & next morn+ ! workm5 7 ready to beg9 _! op]ations z be=e4 ,! ore extract$ f ?is great m9e is smelt$ 9 bla/ furnaces ) wood *>coal1 & =g$ into b>s4 ,! *>coal is1 ( c\rse1 entirely free f sulphur4 ,:5 s5t to ,%effield ! iron is plac$ 9 fire-brick tr\ghs closely surr\nd$ by p[d]$ *>coal4 ,aft] a few days' exposure to r$ heat1 ! iron is conv]t$ into spl5did /eel1 :i* has giv5 su* a reputation to t great manufactur+ t[n4 ,x is also ! /eel f :i* ! firm ( ,/ubbs & ,company1 ( ,w>r+ton 7to :i* ,i h already ref]r$71 produce _! fam\s ,p4,s4 files4 ,aft] ! explosions _h ceas$ at ! m9e1 ,i w5t ) "o ( ! manag]s to see ! great ,b> =ge4 ,x 0 a picturesque sight to see ! =gem5 at "w ) ! tilt hamm]s "u ! gl[+ light ( ! furnaces4 ,i inspect$ ! ma*9]y & =ge works ?r\gh\t1 & _h ?us ! opportunity ( see+ ! :ole proce$+1 f ! bla/+ & qu>ry+ ( ! ore 9 ! m9e1 ! =g+ & roll+ ( ! work$ iron into _! prop] l5g?s1 d[n to ! f9al /amp or m>k driv5 9 by ! bl[ ( ! tilt hamm] at ! end ( ea* b>4 ,hav+ n[ ?or\ghly exam9$ ev]y?+ connect$ ) ?is celebrat$ iron m9e1 ,i prep>$ to set out = ,/ockholm 9 ! same way z ,i _h come4 ,to prep>e ! l&lord = my sett+ out1 ,i aga9 resort$ to my p5cil4 ,i made a draw+ ( ! little gig & pony1 ) ! sun ris+1 & ! h\r at :i* ,i wi%$ to />t4 ,he und]/ood x 9 a mom5t1 & next morn+ ! trap 0 at ! door at ! specifi$ "t4 ,be=e ,i left ,/ockholm ,i made a c>eful & elaborate panoramic sket* ( ! city1 z a companion to ! "o ,i _h made ( ,g5oa f ! h>b\r a ye> be=e4 ,i made ?is "o f ! summit ( ! ,k+'s ,p>k1 :i* is ! fav\rite pleasure-gr\nd ( ! p4 ,i 0 f]ri$ across 9 a little paddle-:eel boat1 work$ by ,dalec>lian wom5 9 _! peculi> co/umes4 ,! ,k+'s ,p>k1 or ,djurg>d1 is d\bly beautiful1 n only f its panoramic view ( ! city1 ! ,mal> ,lake1 & ! arm ( ! ,baltic1 :i* comes up to ! ,skeppsbron ,quay1 b also f ! magnific5t oak trees ) :i* x is /udd$4 ,^! noble trees1 z =egr\nd objects1 are p]fect pictures4 ,! masses ( rock are gr&1 & ! drives are beautifully kept4 ,no wond] t ! ,sw$es are s pr\d ( ?is beautiful p>k1 = x is ! f9e/ 9 ,europe4 ,i left ,/ockholm = ,gott5burg by /eam]4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ picturesque r\tes 9 ,sw$54 ,fir/1 we pass$ ?r\gh ! ,mal> ,lake --"o ( ! mo/ beautiful pieces ( wat] 9 ! _w4 ,x conta9s no less ?an f\rte5 hundr$ isl&s1 mo/ly cov]$ ) wood4 ,( c\rse we did n see "o tw5tie? "p ( ! lake2 we only /eam$ along its ea/]n %ore = ab\t tw5ty miles on our way to ,sod]telye1 :]e ! ,go?a ,canal beg9s4 ,we !n rea*$ ! small ,m>an ,lake1 & aft]w>ds an arm ( ! ,baltic4 ,we pass$ numb]less isl&s & rocks & rea*$ ! ,slatback5 ,fiord1 :i* we ent]$4 ,beautiful sc5]y surr\nds ! entrance to ! fiord4 ,9 ! morn+1 aft] ris+ up ! locks betwe5 ,m>iehop & ,w5neb]ga1 & pass+ ?r\gh ,lakes ,rox5 & ,bor51 we f\nd ourselves at ,motala1 ne> ! entrance to ! ,wett]n ,lake4 ,motala is a place ( great importance 9 ! manufactur+ indu/ry ( ,sw$54 ,:5 ,i visit$ x1 ! iron-f\ndry 0 9 *>ge ( ,mr4 ,caulson1 a native ( ! c\ntry4 ,i _h kn[n him "s ye>s be=e 9 ,london1 & _h ! highe/ op9ion ( 8 ability z a con/ructive eng9e]4 ,he 0 surr\nd$ at ,motala ) ev]y?+ 9 ! way ( excell5tly arrang$ work%ops1 good ma*9e tools1 z well z abundant employm5t = !m4 ,inde$1 ?is is ! l>ge/ iron-f\ndry 9 ,sw$51 :]e iron /eam]s1 /eam-eng9es1 & roll+ mills are made4 ,f its c5tral position x has a great future be=e x4 ,! /eam] crosses ! lake to ,c>lsborg1 at ! entrance to ! fiord & canal t leads to ,lakes ,wik5 & ,w5]n4 ,! latt] is an imm5se lake--9 fact1 an inl& sea4 ,dur+ a great "p ( ! "t we 7 out ( sight ( l&4 ,at l5g? we rea*$ ,w5]sborg1 & pass$ d[n ! ,*>les ,canal4 ,a consid]able "t is requir$ to enable ! /eam] to pass f lock to lock--n9e locks 9 all-- d[n to ! level ( ! ,go?a ,riv]4 ,dur+ t "t an opportunity 0 af=d$ u = see+ ! fam\s ,trollhatt5 ,falls--a v f9e piece ( ,nature's workman%ip4 ,image ,"p ( ,trollhatt5 ,falls ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( ,sw$51 ,i feel t ,i mu/ say a ^w or two ab\t ! ,sw$i% p4 ,i admir$ !m exce$+ly4 ,!y are tall1 fair1 good-look+4 ,!y are among ! mo/ civil & oblig+ p t ,i h ev] met4 ,i nev] enc\nt]$ a rude ^w or a rude look f !m4 ,9 _! homes !y are simple & natural4 ,i lik$ ! pleas+ s(tness ( _! voices1 s sweet & musical-- a mo/ excell5t ?+ 9 woman4 ,!re 0 a natural g5tl5ess 9 _! deportm5t4 ,all classes1 ev5 ! poore/1 p>took ( x4 ,_! dome/ic habits are excell5t4 ,!y are fond ( _! homes2 &1 above all ?+s1 !y are clean & tidy4 ,!y /rew ! floors ( _! gr\nd ap>tm5ts ) spruce p9e twigs1 :i* =m a natural c>pet z well z give out a sweet balsamic p]fume4 ,^! are swept away e morn+ & replac$ ) fre% mat]ial4 ,) _! _m virtues1 ! ,sw$es are a mo/ self-help+ p4 ,!y are h>d-work+ & hone/1 true & /raight=w>d4 ,9 matt]s ( comm]ce !y are m5 ( _! ^w4 ,!y are cle>-head$1 hone/-m9d$1 & ke5 9 _! desire = k4 ,_! natural simple common s5se enables !m to cle> away all p>asitical & traditional rubbi% f _! m9ds1 & to /& be=e u z m5 ( ! highe/ excell5ce4 ,all happ9ess & prosp]ity to de> old ,sw$56 ,i set out f ,gott5burg to ,hels+borg1 along ! %ores ( ! ,kattegat4 ,f ,hels+borg ,i cross$ ! ,s\nd by a small /eam] to ,els9ore1 fam\s = its connection ) ,hamlet1 ,pr9ce ( ,d5m>k4 ,! old dre>y look+ ca/le /ill /&s !re4 ,f ,els9ore ,i w5t to ,cop5hag51 & occupi$ myself = a few days 9 visit+ ! wond]ful museums4 ,!re ,i saw1 9 ! ,nor!rn ,antiquities ,collection1 ! unwritt5 hi/ory ( civilisation 9 ! /one1 bronze1 & iron tools :i* h br\ght ! _w to :at x is n[4 ,?is museum is p]fectly unrivall$4 ,i saw !re ! fir/ section ( kit*5-midd5s--t is1 ! refuse ( oy/] %ells1 fi%-bones1 & o!r /uff ?r[n out by ! anci5t inhabitants ( ! c\ntry aft] _! meals2 toge!r ) accumulations ( rude /one implem5ts1 kelts1 arr[-heads1 & su* l4 ,!n !re 7 ! articles ( ! ,bronze ,age1 ) w> trumpets2 ! articles ( ! e>ly ,iron ,age1 :i* also conta9 "s rem>kable gold5 w> horns4 ,^! are foll[$ by ! middle ,iron ,age1 & !n by ! lat] ,iron ,age4 ,?is "p ( ! collection is sup]b4 ,b x is impossible = me to describe ! wond]s ( ! museum4 ,i 0 greatly int]e/$ too by ! collection ( articles at ! ,ros5burg ,ca/le4 ,?is is ! only museum at ,cop5hag5 :i* is n free2 b ! price *>g$ is v small4 ,x conta9s an extraord9>y collection ( royal clo!s 7:at w\ld ,s>tor ,res>tus say871 arm\r1 furniture1 dr9k+ vessels1 & all mann] ( p]sonal antiquities connect$ ) ! ,k+s ( ,d5m>k4 ,i 0 especially int]e/$ by ! collection ( royal dr9k+ vessels1 f ! e>lie/1 made ( wood1 d[n to ! late/1 gr& gold & silv] flagons4 ,:at mo/ amus$ me 9 respect to ^! booz+ implem5ts 7 ! pegs t m>k$ ! dep?s d[n to :i* ! /alw>t ,dane 0 able to swig at a pull "o enorm\s draught ( w9e4 ,9 "s cases ! "n & date ( ! a*ievem5t ( ! heavy dr9k] 0 engrav$ on ! flagon to record 8 feat4 ,take him a peg d[n 0 ! ord9>y say+1 & ! words h become a prov]b among/ ourselves4 ,= we unque/ionably h d]iv$ a great deal ( our dr9k+ capabilities f our ance/ors ! ,danes4 ,! :ole ( ! museums at ,cop5hag5 are excell5t4 ,besides ^? ,i h m5tion$1 are ! ,e?nographic ,museum--! be/ ( its k9d2 ! ,museum ( ,co9s1 ! mo/ complete ,i h se52 ! ,?orwalds5 ,museum2 ! ,m9]alogical ,museum2 ! ,zoological ,museum1 & _m m4 ,! cu/odians are mo/ k9d & civil2 & :5 !y see any visitor int]e/$ 9 ! collection1 !y take a special pleasure 9 go+ r\nd ) him & po9t+ out ! beauty & r>ity ( ! articles1 imp>t+ at ! same "t mo/ int]e/+ in=mation4 ,i wi% ^? melan*oly taciturn /aff-9-h& att5dant cu/odians ( our ,briti% ,museums c\ld or w\ld foll[ _! example1 & ?us aid ! *ief object ( ^! co/ly in/itutions4 ,hold+ ! memory ( ,ty*o ,brahe 9 ! highe/ reg>d z "o ( ! great pione]s ( a/ronomy1 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ by a contempor>y portrait ( him 9 ! ,t[n ,hall2 b /ill m s by ! rema9s ( 8 obs]vatory at ! top ( ! great ,r\nd ,t[]1 :]e he c>ri$ on 8 c>eful obs]vations by in/rum5ts ( 8 own design & con/ruction4 ,^!1 ) _m additions1 he aft]w>ds transport$ to ! isl& ( ,hve51 :]e ! rema9s ( 8 ca/le & obs]vatory are /ill to be se52 ,:ile ,i 0 m\nt+ ! ,r\nd ,t[] ,i c\ld n b ?9k ( ! foot/eps ( ! great a/ronom] :o has made x classic gr\nd4 ,i left ,cop5hag5 = ,hamburg by coa*4 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! isl& ( ,zeal&1 ,i 0 f]ri$ across to ! isl& ( ,fy51 & aft] t ,i proce$$ along ! ma9l& ( ,sleswick & ,hol/e94 ,i 0 mu* pleas$ ) :at ,i saw ( ! p ( ^! prov9ces4 ,_! f>mh\ses & cottages 7 wond]fully clean & neat4 ,! wom5 7 all engag$ 9 scrubb+ & poli%+4 ,i believe ,i saw m brass 9 ! %ape ( bright door-knock]s dur+ my j\rney ?an ,i _h se5 9 all ,engl&4 ,ev5 ! brass & iron hoops r\nd ! milk pails1 by con/ant scrubb+1 look$ l gold & silv]4 ,e w9d[ _h its neat dimity curta9s edg$ ) sn[-:ite trimm+4 ,! v fl[]-pots 7 pa9t$ r$1 to fet* up _! brightness to ! g5]al /&>d4 ,i nev] saw a m *e]ful & happy-look+ p ?an ^? :om ,i obs]v$ betwe5 ,cop5hag5 & ,hamburg4 ,!y seem$ to me to be v l ! p ( ,engl&-- especially 9 ! nor!rn & ea/]n p>ts--9 _! oval faces1 _! bright blue eyes1 & _! light & gold5 hair1 z well z _! active m9ds & bodies1 :i* enable !m to d _! "w ) he>ty *e]ful en]gy4 ,i w5t f ,hamburg to ,am/]dam by /eam]2 & aft] do+ a few days' bus9ess ,i w5t to take a peep at ! f9e collections ( pictures !re1 z well z at ! ,hague4 ,!n ,i proce$$ to ,rott]dam1 & took %ip = ,engl& by ! ,batavian /eam]4 ,i rea*$ home safely aft] my prolong$ t\r4 ,ev]y?+ 0 go+ on well at ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry4 ,! se$s :i* ,i _h s[n 9 ! nor!rn c\ntries ( ,europe 7 already spr++ up pl5tifully 9 ord]s = ma*9e tools2 & ! clang ( ! hamm] & ! :irl ( ! la!s & plan+ ma*9es 7 work+ *e]ily on f morn+ till night4 ,,*apt] #ag4 ,m ab\t ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry--,woolwi* ,ars5al4 ,! rapid ext5sion ( railways & /eam navigation1 bo? at home & abroad1 occasion$ a l>gely increas$ dem& = ma*9]y ( all k9ds4 ,our ord]-book 0 always full2 & e me*anical work%op felt ! impulse ( exp&+ trade4 ,!re 0 an increas$ dem& = skill$ me*anical lab\r--a dem& t 0 f> 9 excess ( ! supply4 ,employ]s began to outbid ea* o!r1 & wages rapidly rose4 ,at ! same "t ! disposition to /eady ex]tion on ! "p ( ! workm5 began to decl9e4 ,?is /ate ( affairs _h its usual effect4 ,x increas$ ! dem& = self-act+ tools1 by :i* ! employ]s might increase ! productiv5ess ( _! factories )\t hav+ resort to ! co/ly & untru/wor?y me?od ( meet+ ! dem& by increas+ ! numb] ( _! workm54 ,ma*9e tools 7 f\nd to be ( mu* great] advantage4 ,!y displac$ h&-dext]ity & muscul> =ce4 ,!y 7 unfail+ 9 _! action4 ,!y c\ld n possibly g wrong 9 plan+ & turn+1 because !y 7 regulat$ by p]fect self-act+ arrangem5ts4 ,!y 7 always ready = "w1 & nev] requir$ a ,holiday or a ,sa9t ,monday4 ,z ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry _h be5 s =tunate z to e>n = itself a consid]able reputation = me*anical contrivances1 ! work%ops 7 always busy4 ,!y 7 cr[d$ ) ma*9e tools 9 full action1 & exhibit$ to all com]s _! effectiv5ess 9 ! mo/ satisfactory mann]1 ,e facility 0 af=d$ to ^? :o desir$ to see !m at "w2 & e ma*9e & ma*9e tool t 0 turn$ out became 9 ! h&s ( its employ]s ! prog5itor ( a num]\s family4 ,inde$1 on _m occasions ,i _h ! gratification ( see+ my me*anical notions adopt$ by rival or competitive ma*9e con/ructors1 (t5 )\t ackn[l$gm5t2 ?\gh1 not)/&+ ?is po9t ( hon\r1 !re 0 room en\gh = all4 ,?\gh ! p>5t features 7 easily recognisable1 ,i e/eem$ su* plagi>isms z a sort ( left-h&$ complim5t to _! au?or4 ,i also reg>d$ !m z a pro( t ,i _h hit ! m>k 9 s arrang+ my me*anical comb9ations z to cause _! g5]al adoption1 & _m ( !m rema9 unalt]$ to ?is day4 ,! ma*9e tools :5 9 action did n require a skill$ workman to guide or wat* !m4 ,all t 0 necess>y to sup]9t5d !m 0 a well-select$ lab\r]4 ,! self-act+ ma*9e tools already possess$ ! requisite ability to plane1 to turn1 to poli%1 & to execute ! "w :5 firmly plac$ 9 situ4 ,! "w m]ely requir$ to be %ift$ f "t to "t1 & c>efully fix$ = ano!r action ( ! ma*9e4 ,besides select+ clev] lab\r]s1 ,i made an ext5sive use ( active h&y boys to sup]9t5d ! small] class ( self-act+ ma*9e tools4 ,to d ?is requir$ little ex]tion ( muscul> =ce1 b only obs]vant att5tion4 ,! ma*9e tools did all ! work+ 7= ! ?9k+ _h be5 embodi$ 9 !m be=eh&71 & !y turn$ out all mann] ( geometrical =ms ) ! utmo/ correctness4 ,?is sort ( tra9+ educat$ ! faculties ( ! lads1 & tra9$ _! ideas to ! p]ception ( exactness ( =m1 at ! same "t t x gave !m an intimate acqua9tance ) ! nature ( ! mat]ials employ$ 9 me*anical /ructures4 ,! rapidity ) :i* !y ?us acquir$ ! effici5cy ( ?or\ghly practical me*anics 0 surpris+4 ,z ! lads grew 9 /r5g? !y 7 promot$ to ! high] classes ( "w4 ,we gave to ! =eman ( ea* dep>tm5t ! "r to recomm5d to a special rise ( wages any lad :o %[$ an extra intellig5t e>ne/ness & assiduity 9 sup]9t5d+ 8 ma*9e4 ,?is produc$ an active _s ( emulation1 :i* n only advanc$ _! effici5cy b reliev$ ! =eman f a s\rce ( irritation 9 ! dis*>ge ( 8 duties4 ,i h already ref]r$ to ! subject 9 a =m] portion ( ?is n>rative2 b x _c be too /rongly urg$ ^u ! att5tion ( proprietors ( me*anical works4 ,besides mak+ fir/-rate workm51 ?is me?od prev5ts ! lads f gett+ into habits ( work%op di%one/y1 i4e4 skulk+1 & o!r annoyances4 ,my sy/em ( non-b9d+ ( appr5tices 0 ! p]fect cure1 if ,i may s speak4 ,all t exi/$ betwe5 u 0 mutual satisfaction ) ea* o!r1 & t alone prov$ f fir/ to la/ 9 e respect a p]fect bond4 ,s completely 7 ! workm5 9 att5dance on self-act+ ma*9es reliev$ f ! necessity ( lab\r1 t _m ( ! employ]s1 to keep ! m5 f fall+ asleep1 all[$ !m to att5d to o!r ma*9es )9 _! p[]s ( sup]9t5d5ce4 ,?is kept !m fully awake4 ,! workm5 *e]fully acquiesc$ 9 ?is arrangem5t1 z a relief f t$ium1 & especially :5 a %ill+ extra 0 add$ to _! wages = ea* additional ma*9e4 ,all w5t well = a "t1 = m5 z well z ma/]s4 ,b n[ came ! difficulty4 ,! sy/em 0 oppos$ to ! rules ( ! ,trades' ,union4 ,_! committee held t sett+ "o man to sup]9t5d m ?an "o ma*9e 0 keep+ out ( employm5t "s o!r man :o ought to be employ$4 ,& yet1 at ! "t t ! objection 0 made1 su* p]sons 7 n to be _h4 ,! increas$ dem& = skill$ lab\r _h employ$ e sp>e workman4 ,nev]!less ! sy/em1 9 ! eyes ( ! ,union1 mu/ be put d[n4 ,! dem& 0 made t e ma*9e mu/ h a ,union man to sup]9t5d x1 & t he mu/ be paid ! full ,union regulation wages4 ,all lab\r]s & lads 7 to be dis*>g$1 & ,union m5 employ$ 9 _! places4 ,z ! times 7 good1 & ! work%ops 7 full ( ord]s1 x 0 ?\ght by ! ,union t ! "t _h come to put ! matt] to ! te/4 ,! campaign 0 op5$ by ! organisation ( a p[]ful body1 entitl$ ,! ,amalgamat$ ,society ( ,me*anical ,eng9e]s4 ,x includ$ e class ( workm5 employ$ 9 ! trade--ironf\nd]s1 turn]s1 fitt]s1 erectors1 patt]n-mak]s1 & su* l4 ,all 7 invit$ to make common cause aga9/ ! employ]s4 ,9 ord] to make a conspicu\s demon/ration ( _! p[]1 ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,union fir/ attack$ ! ext5sive firm ( ,platt ,bro!rs1 ,oldham4 ,! ,c\ncil s5t !m a m&ate to dis*>ge all _! lab\r]s or o!r illegal h&s f _! works--all :o 7 employ$ 9 sup]9t5d+ _! va/ assortm5t ( ma*9]y-- & to fill _! places ) legal me*anics at ! !n regulation wages4 ,! plan ( ! ,union 0 to attack ! employ]s "o by "o-- to call out ! h&s ( "o p>ticul> work%op until ! employ]s 7 subdu$ & obey$ ! comm&s ( ! ,union2 & !n to attack ano!r employ] 9 ! same way4 ,! sagacity ( ?is policy v mu* resembl$ t ( ! o/ri*1 :i* hides its head 9 hole & ?9ks x is conceal$4 ,! employ]s knew ! drift ( ! policy1 & took /eps to circumv5t x4 ,a mutual def5ce association 0 =m$1 & a decree 0 issu$ t1 unless ! dem& ( ! ,c\ncil aga9/ ,platt's factory 0 )drawn by a c]ta9 day1 e employ] w\ld at once close 8 conc]n4 ,! ,union1 nev]!less1 /uck to _! guns--b only = a "t4 ,a /rike took place4 ,! works ( "s ( ! mo/ ext5sive employ]s ( lab\r 7 clos$4 ,ev]y?+ 0 p>alys$ = a "t2 ! m5 w5t ab\t ) _! h&s 9 _! pockets1 :ile ! wom5 & *ildr5 at home 7 want+ food4 ,aft] a few weeks ! funds ( ! ,amalgamat$ ,society became s r$uc$ t ! m5 gradually retir$ f ! conte/4 ,mean:ile1 su* conc]ns z contriv$ to keep _! workm5 9 full employm5t--( :om we 7 "o made use ( ! occasion to act on ! heal?y sy/em ( :at ,i h t]m$ ,free trade 9 ability4 ,we add$1 s f> z we c\ld1 to ! numb] ( intellig5t lab\r]s1 advanc$ !m to ! places :i* ! ,unioni/ workm5 _h left at ! ord] ( _! ,c\ncil1 & ?us kept our m5 on full wages until ! /rike 0 ov]4 ,?is 0 ! la/ conte/ ,i _h ) ,trades' ,unions4 ,"o ( ! results 0 t ,i l>gely increas$ ! numb] ( self-act+ ma*9es1 & gave a /ill great] am\nt ( employm5t to my unb\nd appr5tices4 ,i plac$ myself 9 an almo/ impregnable position1 & %[$ t ,i c\ld conduct my bus9ess ) full activity & increas+ prosp]ity1 & at ! same "t ma9ta9 good-feel+ betwe5 employ$ & employ]4 ,ano!r important po9t 0 ?is1--t ,i always took c>e to make my =em5 com=table1 & consequ5tly loyal4 ,a great "p ( a man's success 9 bus9ess consi/s 9 8 k ( "*4 ,x is n s mu* :at he himself does1 z :at he kn[s 8 heads ( dep>tm5ts c d4 ,he mu/ "k !m intimately1 take cognisance ( ! lead+ po9ts ( _! "*1 pick & *oose f !m1 & set !m to ! "w :i* !y c mo/ satisfactorily sup]9t5d4 ,edw>d ,tootal1 ( ,man*e/]1 said to me long be=e1 ,nev] give y\r m5 cause to look ov] ! h$ge4 ,he meant t ,i %\ld nev] give !m any reason = look+ = "w else:]e4 ,x 0 a wise say+1 & ,i long rememb]$ x4 ,i always endeav\r$ to make my m5 & =em5 z satisfi$ z possible ) _! "w1 z well z ) _! remun]ation4 ,i nev] _h any cause to regret t ,i _h /ruck out an indep5d5t c\rse 9 manag+ ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry4 ,! works 7 always busy4 ,a *e]ful sort ( cont5tm5t & activity p]vad$ ! entire e/abli%m5t4 ,our ord]-book cont9u$ to be fill$ ) ! mo/ satisfactory class ( entries4 ,! railway trucks 9 ! y>d1 & ! canal b>ges at ! :>f1 pres5t$ a busy sc5e1-- %[+ ! influx ( raw mat]ial & ! output ( f9i%$ "w4 ,?is happy /ate ( affairs w5t on 9 its regul> c\rse )\t any special incid5t wor?y ( be+ m5tion$4 ,! full & /eady influx ( prosp]ity t _h be5 ! result ( _m ye>s ( int]e/+ toil & *e]ful ex]tion1 _h caus$ ! place to assume ! aspect ( a smoo?ly work+ self-act+ ma*9e4 ,be+ bless$ ) a s\nd con/itution1 ,i 0 enabl$ to p]=m all my duties ) he>ty active good-w4 ,& z ,i _h occasional j\rneys to make 9 connection ) our affairs & int]e/s1 ^! =m$ a v int]e/+ v>iety 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( my daily "w4 ,! intimate & fri5dly int]c\rse :i* ,i 0 s =tunate z to cultivate ) ! heads ( ! pr9cipal eng9e]+ firms ( my "t1 kept me well po/$ up 9 all t 0 new & advanc$ 9 ! way ( improvem5ts 9 me*anical processes4 ,i _h at ! same "t _m pleasant opportunities ( mak+ sugge/ions z to fur!r improvem5ts1 "s ( :i* took root & yield$ results ( no small importance4 ,^! visits to my fri5ds 7 always acceptable1 if ,i might judge f ! he>ty tone ( welcome ) :i* ,i 0 g5]ally receiv$4 ,i d n "k :at may be ! case 9 o!r classes ( bus9esses or pr(essions1 b z reg>ds eng9e] me*ani/s & metal work]s g5]ally1 !re is an e>ne/ & frank int]communication ( ideas-- an int]*ange ( ?\ghts & sugge/ions--:i* has always be5 a s\rce ( ! highe/ pleasure to me1 & :i* ,i h usually f\nd ?or\ghly reciprocat$4 ,! subjects ) :i* eng9e]s h to deal are ( a wide range1 & jeal\sy 9 int]communication is almo/ entirely %ut out4 ,_m ( my fri5ds 7 special *>act]s4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y _h made _! own way 9 ! _w1 l myself4 ,i f\nd among !m a great deal ( qua9t hum\r4 ,_! talk 0 q unconv5tional2 & yet _! rem>ks 7 well wor? be+ treasur$ up 9 ! memory z ?+s to be ?\ght ab\t & pond]$ ov]4 ,sometimes !y gave ! key to ! compreh5sion ( "s ( ! gr&e/ functions 9 ,nature1 & an insight into ! op]ation ( ^? inv>iable laws :i* regulate ! univ]se4 ,= all ,nature is1 z x 71 a gr& work%op1 rul$ ov] by an ev] pres5t ,almighty ,ma/]1--( ^: p]fect designs & works we are z yet only p]mitt$ to obta9 ha/y & imp]fect glimpses4 ,to return to my own humbl] progress4 ,f an e>ly p]iod ( my ef=ts z a me*anical eng9e]1 ,i _h be5 impress$ ) ! great advantages t w\ld result f ! employm5t ( small high-pressure /eam-eng9es ( a simple & compact con/ruction4 ,^!1 ,i ?\ght1 might suit ! limit$ means & accommodation ( small factories & work%ops :]e motive p[] 0 requir$4 ,! highly satisfactory results :i* foll[$ ! employm5t ( /eam-eng9es ( ?is class1 su* z ,i suppli$ %ortly aft] beg9n+ bus9ess 9 ,man*e/]1 l$ to a con/antly increas+ dem& = !m4 ,!y 7 us$ = hoi/+ 9 & out ! weighty bales ( goods f ! l(ty ,man*e/] w>eh\ses4 ,!y work$ ! lifts1 & also ! pumps ( ! p[]ful hydraulic presses us$ 9 pack+ ! bales4 ,^! small eng9es 7 f\nd ( s]vice 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,:5 plac$ 9 ! l[] p>ts ( ! build+ ! wa/e /eam 0 utilis$ 9 w>m+ ! v>i\s ap>tm5ts ( ! h\se4 ,! /eam 0 convey$ 9 iron pipes1 & ?us obviat$ ! risk ( fire :i* att5d$ ! use ( /oves & op5 fire-grates4 ,i rememb] be+ mu* pleas$ ) see+ a neat arrangem5t ( a hot-closet heat$ by ! wa/e /eam convey$ f ! bottom ( ! build+4 ,?is 0 us$ = hold+ ! d9n]s & teas ( ! m9or cl]ks & workpeople4 ,ano!r enclos$ place1 heat$ by wa/e /eam1 0 us$ = dry+ wet clo!s & jackets dur+ ra9y wea!r4 ,mu* att5tion 0 paid by ! employ]s to _! workpeople 9 ^! respects4 ,! =m] exhibit$ a great deal ( k9dly ?\ghtfulness4 ,b m5 & ma/] 7 alike4 ,x 0 a s\rce ( ! greate/ pleasure to me1 :5 look+ r\nd ! w>eh\ses & factories1 to see ! intellig5t /eady en]gy t p]vad$ e dep>tm5t1 f ! highe/ to ! l[e/4 ,i nev] lo/ sight ( ! importance ( ext5d+ ! use ( my small /eam-eng9e sy/em4 ,x 0 ! mo/ conv5i5t me?od ( apply+ /eam p[] to individual ma*9es4 ,=m]ly1 ! p[] to drive a ma*9e 0 d]iv$ f a v complicat$ arrangem5t ( %aft+ & ge>+ br\ght f a di/ant eng9e4 ,b by my sy/em ,i convey$ ! p[] to ! ma*9e by means ( a /eam pipe1 :i* enabl$ ! eng9e to :i* x 0 atta*$ to be driv5 ei!r fa/ or sl[1 or to be /opp$ or />t$1 j z occasion requir$4 ,x might be run :ile all ! o!r ma*9es 7 at re/2 or1 9 ! ev5t ( a breakd[n ( ! ma9 eng9e ( ! factory1 ! small eng9e might /ill be kept go+ or ev5 assi/ 9 ! repairs ( ! l>ge "o4 ,an important feature 9 ?is mode ( convey+ p[] by means ( pip+ --9 place ( ge>+ & %ift+ belts & belt pulleys--0 ! ease ) :i* ! /eam c\ld be convey$ into intricate p>ts ( ! build+4 ,! pipes :i* ,i us$ 7 ( wr\ght-iron1 simil> to ^? us$ 9 convey+ gas4 ,!y c\ld be curv$ to suit any peculi>ity ( ! situation2 & :5 ! pipes 7 lapp$ ) felt1 or enclos$ 9 wood5 tr\ghs fill$ ) sawdu/1 ! loss ( heat by radiation 0 r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,! loss ( p[] 0 c]ta9ly mu* less ?an 9 ! friction ( a long & p]haps tortu\s l9e ( %aft+4 ,) /eam ( #ej lbs4 to ! in*1 a pipe ( "o-in* bore w convey suffici5t /eam to give =? five horse-p[] at a di/ance ( two or ?ree hundr$ feet f ! boil]499 footnote444 ,9 ! case ( rambl+ premises1 su* z iron %ipbuild+ y>ds1 ! conveyance ( /eam by well-protect$ pipes put und]gr\nd = ! purpose ( driv+ eng9es to "w pun*+ & plate-%e>+ ma*9es 7:i* h to be ne> at h& :5 ! "w is requir$71 has v great practical advantages4 444 ,i adopt$ ! same practice 9 work+ ! ref9$ & complex ma*9es us$ 9 pr9t+ col\r$ patt]ns on calico4 ,a great v>iety ( col\rs has to be transf]r$ by a comb9ation ( roll]s--ea* c>ry+ its prop] col\r2 ^! are pr9t$ on ! calico ) ! utmo/ exactness1 & result 9 ! complete patt]n4 ,my sy/em ( hav+ a sep>ate eng9e to give motion to ^! col\r-pr9t+ ma*9es 0 f\nd to be ( great s]vice1 & its value 0 recognis$ by its spe$y & almo/ univ]sal adoption4 ,e connection ) ! ma9 %aft1 ) its ge>+ & belts & pulleys--by :i* col\r-pr9t+ _h be=e be5 accompli%$--0 entirely done away )1 because ea* ma*9e _h its own special eng9e4 ,! =m] practice _h l$ to mu* wa/e1 & ! pr9t+ 0 (t5 confus$ & badly done4 ,! p[] 0 convey$ f a great c5tral /eam-eng9e2 ! pr9t+ ma*9es 7 rang$ by ! side ( a long gall]y1 & by means ( a clut* ea* ma*9e 0 />t$ at once into action4 ,! result ( ?is 0 a consid]able %ock to ! ma*9e1 & an int]f]5ce ) ! relative adju/m5ts ( ! six or eight col\r roll]s1 :i* 7 (t5 j]k$ out ( _! exact relative adju/m5t4 ,!n ! ma*9es _h to be /opp$ & ! roll]s readju/$1 & sometimes _m y>ds ( calico _h be5 spoil$ be=e ?is c\ld be done4 ,^! difficulties 7 n[ entirely remov$4 ,:5 all 0 adju/$1 ! att5dant ( ! pr9t-ma*9e _h only to op5 gradually ! /eam admission valve ( 8 eng9e1 & all[ x to "w ! ma*9e g5tly at its fir/ (f-g2 & :5 all 0 se5 to be act+ 9 p]fect conc]t1 to op5 ! valve fur!r & all[ ! ma*9e to g at full spe$4 ,! same practice 0 adopt$ 9 sl[+ (f ! ma*9e1 s z to all[ ! att5dant to scrut9ise ! patt]n & ! position ( ! "w1 or 9 /opp+ ! ma*9e altoge!r4 ,s satisfactory 7 ! results ( ! application ( ?is mode ( driv+ calico pr9t+ ma*9es1 t x 0 adopt$ = ! l processes z appli$ to o!r textile fabrics2 & x is n[1 ,i believe1 univ]sally appli$ at home z well z abroad4 ,i may also add t ! wa/e /eam1 z x issu$ f ! eng9e aft] p]=m+ its me*anical duty !re1 0 utilis$ 9 a mo/ effective mann] by heat+ a s]ies ( /eam-tight cyl9d]s1 ov] :i* ! pr9t$ clo? travell$ z x issu$ f ! pr9t+ ma*9e1 :5 x 0 spe$ily & effectively dri$4 ,9 ^! v>i\s improvem5ts 9 calico pr9t+ ,i 0 mo/ ably second$ by ,mr4 ,joseph ,lese1 ( ,man*e/]1 ^: practical acqua9tance ) all t relat$ to t dep>tm5t ( indu/ry r5d]$ him ( ! greate/ s]vice4 ,!re 0 no ,inv5tion1 s to speak1 9 ?is almo/ obvi\s application ( ! /eam-eng9e to calico-pr9t+4 ,x requir$ m]ely ! faculty ( obs]vation1 & ! application ( means to ends4 ,! ma9 feature ( ! sy/em1 x w be obs]v$1 0 9 enabl+ ! sup]9t5d5t ( ea* ma*9e to h p]fect control ov] x1--to set x 9 motion & to regulate its spe$ )\t ! slighte/ j]k or %ock to its intricate me*anism4 ,9 ?is s5se ! arrangem5t 0 ( great comm]cial value4 ,i _h ano!r opportunity ( introduc+ my small eng9e sy/em into ! ,gov]nm5t ,ars5al at ,woolwi*4 ,9 #ahdg ! att5tion ( ! ,bo>d ( ,ordnance 01 direct$ to ! inadequacy ( ! equipm5t ( ! work%ops !re4 ,! me*anical arrangem5ts1 ! ma*9e tools1 & o!r appliances1 7 f\nd insuffici5t = ! economical production ( ! app>atus ( mod]n w>f>e4 ,! ,bo>d did me ! hon\r to call ^u me to advise ) !m1 & also ) ! heads ( dep>tm5ts at ! ars5al4 ,sir ,?omas ,ha/+s1 !n head ( ! ,ordnance1 reque/$ me to accompany him at ! fir/ inspection4 ,i made a c>eful survey ( all ! work%ops1 & al?\gh ! ma*9]y 0 v int]e/+ z examples ( ! old & primitive me?ods ( produc+ w> mat]ial1 ,i f\nd t x 0 bett] fitt$ = a ,museum ( ,te*nical ,antiquity ?an = practical use 9 ^! days ( rapid me*anical progress4 ,ev]y?+ 0 c]ta9ly f> beh9d ! arrangem5ts :i* ,i _h obs]v$ 9 =eign ars5als4 ,! imm$iate result ( my inspection ( ! work%ops & ! processes conduct$ )9 !m 01 t ,i recomm5d$ ! introduction ( ma*9e tools specially adapt$ to economise lab\r1 z well z to p]fect ! rapid production ( w> mat]ial4 ,9 ?is ,i 0 he>tily support$ by ! heads ( ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts4 ,aft] sev]al conf]5ces ) !m1 z well z ) ,sir ,?omas ,ha/+s1 x 0 arrang$ t a l>ge ext5sion ( ! work%op space %\ld be provid$4 ,i 0 s =tunate z to make a happy sugge/ion on ?is head4 ,x 01 t by a v small comp>ative outlay ne>ly d\ble ! work%op area might be provid$--by cov]+ 9 ) light iron ro(s ! long wide roadway spaces t divid$ ! p>allel ranges ( work%ops f ea* o!r4 ,?is plan 0 at once adopt$4 ,messrs4 ,fox & ,h5d]son1 ! well-kn[n railway ro(+ contractors1 7 entru/$ ) ! ord]2 & 9 a v %ort "t ! ars5al 0 provid$ ) a noble set ( light & airy work%ops1 giv+ ample accommodation = pres5t requirem5ts1 z well z surplus space = _m ye>s to come4 ,9 ord] to supply /eam p[] to ea* ( ^! beautiful work%ops1 & = work+ ! v>i\s ma*9es plac$ )9 !m1 ,i rev]t$ to my fav\rite sy/em ( small sep>ate /eam-eng9es4 ,?is 0 adopt$1 & ! co/ly ranges ( %aft+ t w\ld o!rwise h be5 necess>y 7 entirely disp5s$ )4 ,a s]ies ( ma*9e tools ( ! mo/ improv$ mod]n con/ruction1 specially adapt$ = ! v>i\s classes ( "w c>ri$ on 9 ! ars5al1 toge!r ) improv$ ranges ( smi?s' =ge he>?s1 bl[n by an air bla/ suppli$ by fans ( ! be/ con/ruction1 & a suitable supply ( small h& /eam hamm]s1 complet$ ! arrangem5ts2 & q a new era 9 ! =ge "w ( ! ars5al 0 begun4 ,i %[$ ! manag]s & ! workm5 ! docile p[]s ( ! /eam hamm]1 9 produc+ 9 a few m9utes1 by ! aid ( dies1 _m =ms 9 wr\ght-iron t _h h]et(ore occupi$ h\rs ( ! mo/ skilful smi?s1 & t1 too1 9 mu* m p]fect tru? & exactitude4 ,bo? ma/]s & m5 7 delight$ ) ! result3 & z su* precise & (t5 complex =ms ( wr\ght-iron "w 7 frequ5tly requir$ by hundr$s at a "t = ! equipm5t ( naval gun c>riages & o!r purposes1 x 0 se5 t ! /eam hamm] mu/ h5ce=w>d op]ate z a p[]ful auxili>y 9 ! productions ( ! ars5al4 ,9 ! introduction ( all ^! improvem5ts ,i receiv$ ! frank & cordial enc\ragem5t ( ! *ief (fic]s ( ! ,bo>d ( ,ordnance & ,admiralty4 ,my sugge/ions 7 zeal\sly c>ri$ out by ,colonel ,j4 ,n4 ,colquh\n1 !n head ( ! *ief me*anical dep>tm5t ( ! ,ordnance works at ,woolwi*4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ cle>-head$ & intellig5t m5 ,i h ev] met )4 ,he _h 9 a special degree t happy p[] ( inspir+ 8 zeal & en]gy into all :o work$ "u 8 sup]9t5d5ce1 :e!r =em5 or workm54 ,a wond]fully sympa!tic effect is produc$ :5 ! direct+ head ( ! e/abli%m5t is possess$ ( ! valuable faculty ( *e]ful & well-direct$ en]gy4 ,x works l an electric ?rill1 & soon p]vades ! :ole dep>tm5t4 ,i may also m5tion ,g5]al ,dundas1 director ( ! ,royal ,gun-,factory1 & ,g5]al ,h>d+e1 head ( ! ,royal ,laboratories499 footnote444 ,! t]m ,laboratory may appe> an odd ^w to use 9 connection ) ma*9]y & me*anical op]ations4 ,yet its orig9al signification 0 q appropriate1 inasmu* z x relat$ to ! prep>ation ( explosive sub/ances1 su* z %ells1 rockets1 fusees1 c>tridges1 & p]cussion caps1 :]e *emi/ry 0 z mu* conc]n$ z me*anism 9 produc+ ! requir$ results4 444 ,?is latt] dep>tm5t includ$ all processes connect$ ) explosives4 ,x 0 sup]9t5d$ by ,capta9 ,box]1 an (fic] ( ! highe/ tal5t & en]gy1 :o br\ght ev]y?+ "u 8 control to ! highe/ pit* ( excell5ce4 ,i mu/ also add a mo/ important p]son1 my old & mu* e/eem$ fri5d ,john ,&]son1 !n g5]al director ( ! ,ma*9]y ( ! ars5al4 ,he 0 an admirable me*anic1 a man ( cle> practical good s5se & judgm5t1 & he ev5tually rais$ himself to ! highe/ position 9 ! public s]vice4 ,! satisfactory p]=mance ( ! ma*9]y :i* _h be5 suppli$ to ! work%ops ( ! royal dock y>ds & ars5als1 l$ to fur!r dem&s = simil> ma*9]y = =eign ,gov]nm5ts4 ,=eign visitor 7 all[$ freely to inspect all t _h be5 done :atev] may be said ( ! wisdom ( ?is proce$+ x is c]ta9ly true t no me*anical improvem5t c long be kept secret n[adays4 ,ev]y?+ is publi%$ & illu/rat$ 9 our eng9e]+ j\rnals4 ,& if ! =eign]s _h n be5 all[$ to obta9 _! new ma*9es f ,engl&1 !y 7 provid$ ) facilities en\gh = con/ruct+ !m = !mselves4 ,at all ev5ts1 "o result ( ! improv$ work+ ( ! new ma*9es at ! ,royal ,ars5al at ,woolwi*1 0 ! receipt ( l>ge ord]s = our firm = ! supply ( =eign ,gov]nm5ts4 ,= in/ance1 t ( ,spa9 employ$ u lib]ally1 pr9cipally tor ! equipm5t ( ! royal docky>ds ( ,f]rol & ,c>tag5a4 ,^! ord]s came to u ?r\gh ,messrs4 ,zuluatta ,bro!rs1 :o conduct$ _! proce$+s ) u 9 a prompt & bus9ess-l way = _m ye>s4 ,?r\gh ! same firm we obta9$ ord]s to furni% ma*9]y = ! ,spani% royal docky>d at ,havana4 ,9 #ahdi we receiv$ an ext5sive ord] f ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is 0 transmitt$ to u ?r\gh ! ,imp]ial ,consulate 9 ,london4 ,! ma*9]y 0 requir$ = ! equipm5t ( a v ext5sive rope factory at ! naval ars5al ( ,nicolaiev1 on ! ,black ,sea ,?is ord] includ$ all ! ma*9]y requisite = ! factory1 f ! heckl+ ( ! hemp to ! twi/+ ( ! l>ge/ ropes & cables requir$ 9 ! ,russian naval s]vice4 ,! design & organisation ( ?is ma*9]y 9 its m9ute/ detail caus$ me to made a special /udy ( ! art ( rope-mak+4 ,x 0 a comp>atively new subject to me2 b ,i f\nd x full ( int]e/4 ,x 0 difficulty1 & !re=e to be ov]come4 ,& 9 ?is lies a great deal ( ! pleasure ( contriv+ & inv5t+4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! "w ,i _h ! advantage ( ! frequ5t pres5ce ( an able ,russian (fic]1 ,capta9 ,put*kraskey1 ^: intellig5t sup]vision 0 a s\rce ( mu* satisfaction4 ,we _h also occasional visits f ,admiral ,kornileff1 a man ( ! highe/ ord] ( intellig5ce4 ,he 0 n only able to appreciate our ex]tions to execute ! ord] 9 fir/-rate /yle1 b to ent] into all ! special details & contrivances ( ! "w :ile 9 progress4 ,i _h (t5 occasion to meet ,russian (fic]s :ile at ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry4 ,!y 7 usually m5 ( mu* ability1 select$ by ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t to act z _! ag5ts abroad1 9 ord] to keep !m well po/$ up 9 all t _h a be>+ ^u _! own int]e/s4 ,!y c]ta9ly reflect$ ! highe/ cr$it on _! ,gov]nm5t1 z prov+ _! c>eful selection ( ! be/ m5 to advance ! int]e/s ( ,russia4 ,dur+ ! visit ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,con/ant9e to ,engl& ab\t t "t1 he resid$ = "s days ) ! ,e>l ( ,ellesm]e at ,worsley ,hall1 ab\t a mile & a half f ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry4 ,we 7 fav\r$ ) sev]al visits f ! ,gr& ,duke1 accompani$ by ,b>on ,brunn[1 ,admiral ,hoyd51 & sev]al o!r ,russian (ficials4 ,!y came by ,"l ,ellesm]e's beautiful b>ge1 :i* drew up alongside our :>f1 :]e ! p>ty l&$ & ent]$ ! works4 ,! ,gr& ,duke c>efully inspect$ ! :ole place1 & express$ himself z greatly pleas$ ) ! complete ma/]y :i* man _h obta9$ ov] obdurate mat]ials1 ?r\gh ! unfail+ ag5cy ( me*anical sub/itutes = manual dext]ity & muscul> =ce4 ,i 0 invit$ to meet ?is di/+ui%$ p>ty at ,worsley ,hall on m ?an "o occasion1 & 0 mu* pleas$ ) ! frank & intellig5t conv]sation ( ! ,gr& ,duke1 9 8 ref]5ce to :at he _h se5 9 8 visits to our works4 ,x 0 always a s\rce ( high pleasure to me to receive visits f ,"l ,ellesm]e1 z he 0 g5]ally accompani$ by m5 ( di/9ction :o 7 well able to appreciate ! importance ( :at _h be5 display$ be=e !m4 ,! visits1 = in/ance1 ( ,rajah ,brooke1 ! ,e>l ( ,elg91 ! ,duke ( ,argyll1 ,*evali] ,buns51 & ,c\nt ,flahault1 /& out bright 9 my memory4 ,b to return to my rope-mak+ ma*9]y4 ,x 0 f9i%$ to ! satisfaction ( ! ,russian (fic]s4 ,x 0 s5t (f by %ip to ! ,black ,sea 9 ,july #ahea1 & fitt$ up at ,nicolaiev %ortly aft]4 ,i receiv$ a k9d & press+ invitation f ,admiral ,kornileff to accompany him on ! fir/ trip ( a magnific5t /eam] :i* _h be5 con/ruct$ 9 ,engl& "u 8 sup]vision4 ,8 object 01 n only t ,i might h a pleasant voyage 9 8 company1 b t ,i might see my ma*9]y 9 full action at ,nicolaiev1 & also t ,i might make a p]sonal survey ( ! ars5al work%ops at ,seba/opol4 ,x w\ld1 no d\bt1 h be5 a delightful trip1 b x 0 n to be4 ,! un=tunate disruption occurr$ betwe5 our ,gov]nm5t & t ( ,russia1 :i* culm9at$ 9 ! disa/r\s ,crimean ,w>4 ,"o ( ! fir/ victims 0 ,admiral ,kornileff4 ,he 0 kill$ by "o ( our fir/ %ots :ile engag$ 9 plac+ "s guns = ! def5ce ( ! entrance to ! h>b\r ( ,seba/opol4 ,,*apt] #ah4 ,a/ronomical pursuits4 ,let me turn = a "t f ! ,f\ndry1 ! :irr ( ! self-act+ tools1 & ! s\nd ( ! /eam hamm]s1 to my quiet] pursuits at home4 ,!re ,i _h mu* tranquil enjoym5t 9 ! company ( my de> wife4 ,i _h _m hobbies4 ,draw+ 0 z famili> to me z language4 ,inde$1 x 0 (t5 my me?od ( speak+4 ,x has always be5 ! way 9 :i* ,i h illu/rat$ my ?\ghts4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my j\rneys at home & abroad ,i made _m draw+s ( places & objects1 :i* 7 always full ( int]e/1 to me at lea/2 & !y nev] ceas$ to br+ up a /ore ( happy remembrances4 ,n[ & !n ,i drew ^u my fancy1 & ) p5 & ink ,i conjur$ up ,! ,ca/le ( ,udolpho1 ,a ,bit ( ,old ,engl&1 ,! ,fairies are ,out1 & ,ev]ybody = ,ev]4 ,! la/ is cr[d$ ) ?\s&s ( figures & heads1 s t x is almo/ impossible to cond5se ! draw+ into a small compass4 ,to ^! ,i add$ ,! ,al*emi/1 ,old ,mortality1 ,rob9son ,crusoe1 & a bit ( ,engli% sc5]y1 :i* ,i call$ ,ga!r+ ,/icks4 ,i ne$ n say ) h[ mu* pleasure ,i execut$ ^! draw+s 9 my ev5+ h\rs4 ,!y 7 n publi%$1 b ,i drew !m ) li?ographic ink1 & _h !m pr9t$ by ,mr4 ,maclure4 ,i aft]w>ds made pres5ts ( ! s]ies to "s ( my mo/ intimate fri5ds4 ,image ,! ,antiqu>ian4 ,by ,james ,nasmy? 7,facsimile7 ,9 remembrance ( ! great pleasure :i* ,i _h d]iv$ f ! p]usal ( ,wa%+ton ,irv+'s fasc9at+ works1 ,i s5t him a copy ( my sket*es4 ,8 answ] 0 *>m+ & *>act]i/ic4 ,8 lett] 0 dat$ ,sunnyside1 ,massa*usetts1 :]e he liv$4 ,he said 7#ag? ,janu>y #ahei73 ,,de> ,,sir--,accept my mo/ s9c]e & he>ty ?anks = ! exquisite fancy sket*es :i* y h _h ! k9dness to s5d me1 & = ! expressions ( e/eem & reg>d 9 ! lett] :i* accompani$ !m4 ,x is inde$ a he>tfelt gratification to me to ?9k t ,i h be5 able by any ex]cise ( my p5 to awak5 su* w>m & delicate sympa?ies1 & to call =? su* te/imonials ( pleasure & approbation f a p]son ( y\r cultivat$ ta/e & intellectual elevation4 ,) high respect & reg>d1 ,i rema91 nay de> sir1 y\r truly oblig$ fri5d1 ,wa%+ton ,irv+4 ,image ,! ,fairies4 ,by ,james ,nasmy?4 7,facsimile7 ,visc\nt ,duncan1 aft]w>ds ,e>l ,camp]d[n1 also ackn[l$g$ receipt ( ! draw+s 9 a *>act]i/ic lett]4 ,he said3 --,we are q delight$ ) !m1 especially ) ',! ,fairies1' :i* a lady to :om ,i %[$ !m v ne>ly /ole1 z %e decl>$ t x q realis$ h] dreams ( fairyl&4 ,i am only surpris$ t amid/ y\r num]\s avocations y h f\nd "t to execute su* detail$ works ( art2 & ,i %all h mu* pleasure 9 be+ rem9d$ z ,i look at ! draw+s t ! same h& & head t execut$ !m inv5t$ ! /eam hamm]1 & _m o!r gigantic pieces ( ma*9]y :i* w t5d to immortalise ! ,anglo-saxon race4 ,b my mo/ fav\rite pursuit1 aft] my daily ex]tions at ! ,f\ndry1 0 ,a/ronomy4 ,!re 7 frequ5tly cle> nights :5 ! glori\s objects 9 ! ,heav5s 7 se5 9 mo/ attractive beauty & brilliancy4 ,i _c f9d words to express ! ?\ghts :i* ! impressive gr&eur ( ! ,/>s1 se5 9 ! sil5ce ( ! night1 sugge/$ to me2 especially :5 ,i direct$ my ,telescope1 ev5 at r&om1 on any portion ( ! cle> sky1 & consid]$ t ea* ,/> ( ! multitude x reveal$ to me1 0 a ,,sun6 ! c5tre ( a sy/em6 ,myriads ( su* />s1 invisible to ! unassi/$ eye1 7 r5d]$ p]fectly di/9ct by ! aid ( ! telescope4 ,! magnific5ce ( ! sight 0 va/ly increas$ :5 ! telescope 0 direct$ to any portion ( ! ,milky ,way4 ,x reveal$ su* c\ntless multitudes ( />s t ,i _h only to sit be=e ! eyepiece1 & behold ! endless procession ( ^! glori\s objects pass be=e me4 ,! motion ( ! e>? assi/$ 9 *ang+ ?is sc5e ( inexpressible magnific5ce1 :i* rea*$ its climax :5 "s object su* z ! ,clu/] 9 ,h]cules came into sight4 ,! compon5t />s are s cr[d$ toge!r !re z to give ! clu/] ! appe>ance ( a gray spot2 b :5 exam9$ ) a telescope ( l>ge ap]ture1 x becomes resolv$ into su* myriads ( />s z to defy all attempts to c\nt !m4 ,no?+ c convey to ! m9d1 9 s awful & impressive a mann]1 ! magnific5t & inf9ite ext5t ( ,creation1 & ! inconceivable p[] ( its ,creator6 ,i _h already a slight acqua9tance ) ,a/ronomy4 ,my fa!r _h implant$ 9 me ! fir/ g]ms4 ,he 0 a great admir] ( t sublime/ ( sci5ces4 ,i _h obta9$ a suffici5t am\nt ( te*nical k to con/ruct 9 #ahbg a small b v effective reflect+ telescope ( six in*es diamet]4 ,?ree ye>s lat] ,i initiat$ ,mr4 ,maudslay into ! art & my/]y ( mak+ a reflect+ telescope4 ,i !n made a speculum ( t5 in*es diamet]1 & b = ! unhappy circum/ance ( 8 dea? 9 #ahca1 x w\ld h be5 m\nt$ 9 8 propos$ obs]vatory at ,norwood4 ,aft] ,i _h settl$ d[n at ,fireside1 ,patricr(t1 ,i desir$ to possess a telescope ( consid]able p[] 9 ord] to enjoy ! tranquil pleasure ( survey+ ! heav5s 9 _! impressive gr&eur at night4 ,z ,i _h all ! means & appliances = ca/+ specula at ! factory1 ,i soon _h ! felicity ( embody+ all my =m] self-acquir$ skill 9 ?is f9e art by produc+ a v p]fect ca/+ ( a t5-in* diamet] speculum4 ,! alloy consi/$ ( fifte5 p>ts ( pure t9 & ?irty-two p>ts ( pure copp]1 ) "o "p ( ars5ic4 ,x 0 ca/ ) p]fect s\ndness1 & 0 gr\nd & poli%$ by a ma*9e :i* ,i contriv$ = ! purpose4 ,! speculum 0 s brilliant t :5 my fri5d ,william ,lassell saw x1 he said x made 8 m\? wat]4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t 7#ahdj7 t ,i _h ! great happ9ess ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) ,mr4 ,lassell199 footnote444 ,mr4 ,lassell 0 a man ( sup]b p[]s4 ,l _m o!rs :o h done s mu* = a/ronomy1 he />t$ z an amateur4 ,he 0 fir/ appr5tic$ to a m]*ant at ,liv]pool4 ,he !n began bus9ess z a brew]4 ,ev5tually he devot$ himself to a/ronomy & a/ronomical me*anics4 ,:5 9 8 tw5ty-fir/ ye> he began con/ruct+ reflect+ telescopes = himself4 ,he proce$$ to make a ,newtonian ( n9e in*es ap]ture1 :i* he erect$ 9 an obs]vatory at 8 resid5ce ne> ,liv]pool1 happily nam$ ,/>field4 ,) ?is in/rum5t he work$ dilig5tly1 & detect$ ! six? /> 9 ! trapezium ( ,orion4 ,9 #ahdd he conceiv$ ! bold idea ( con/ruct+ a reflector ( two feet ap]ture1 & tw5ty feet focal l5g?1 to be m\nt$ equatorially4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 9 m5tion+ ,mr4 ,lassell's "w1 did me ! hon\r ( say+ t 9 ,mr ,nasmy? he 0 =tunate to f9d a me*ani/ capable ( execut+ 9 ! highe/ p]fection all 8 conceptions1 & prep>$ by 8 own love ( a/ronomy & practical acqua9tance ) a/ronomical obs]vations1 & ) ! con/ruction ( specula1 to give !m _! full effect4 ,) ?is f9e in/rum5t ,mr4 ,lassell discov]$ ! satellite ( ,neptune4 ,he also discov]$ ! eigh? satellite ( ,saturn1 ( extreme m9ut5ess1 z well z two additional satellites ( ,uranus4 ,b p]haps 8 be/ "w 0 done at ,malta ) a mu* l>g] telescope1 f\r feet 9 ap]ture1 & ?irty-sev5 feet focus1 erect$ !re 9 #ahfa4 ,he rema9$ at ,malta = ?ree ye>s1 & publi%$ a catalogue ( #fjj new nebulae1 :i* w be f\nd 9 ! ,memoirs ( ! ,royal ,a/ronomical ,society4 ,"o ( 8 curi\s say+s 01 ,i h _h a great deal to d ) opticians1 "s ( !m--l ,cooke ( ,york--are really opticians2 b ! great] numb] ( !m are m]ely %opticians6 444 & pr(it+ by 8 devotion to a/ronomical pursuits & 8 pr(\nd k ( ! subject4 ,he _h acquir$ mu* te*nical skill 9 ! con/ruction ( reflect+ telescopes1 & ! companion%ip betwe5 u 0 ?us r5d]$ v agreeable4 ,!re 0 an intimate ex*ange ( op9ions on ! subject1 & my fri5d%ip ) him cont9u$ dur+ =ty successive ye>s4 ,i 0 p]haps a little ahead ( him 9 c]ta9 respects4 ,i _h m practical k ( ca/+1 = ,i _h begun :5 a boy 9 my b$room at ,ed9burgh4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ,i contriv$ _m practical dodges 7if ,i may use su* a ^w71 & c\ld nimbly vault ov] difficulties ( a special k9d :i* _h hi!rto =m$ a b>ri] 9 ! way ( amateur speculum mak]s :5 fight+ _! way to a home-made telescope4 ,i may m5tion t ,i "k ( no me*anical pursuit 9 connection ) sci5ce1 t (f]s su* an opportunity = practis+ ! te*nical arts1 z t ( con/ruct+ f fir/ to la/ a complete ,newtonian or ,gregorian ,reflect+ ,telescope4 ,su* an ent]prise br+s be=e ! amateur a succession ( ! mo/ int]e/+ & in/ructive me*anical arts1 & obliges ! exp]im5t] to ex]cise ! faculty ( delicate manipulation4 ,if ,i 7 ask$ :at c\rse ( practice 0 ! be/ to in/il a true ta/e = ref9$ me*anical "w1 ,i %\ld say1 set to & make = y\rself f fir/ to la/ a reflect+ telescope ) a metallic speculum4 ,buy no?+ b ! raw mat]ial1 & "w y\r way to ! possession ( a telescope by means ( y\r own individual lab\r & skill4 ,if y d y\r "w ) ! c>e1 intellig5ce1 & pati5ce t is necess>y1 y w f9d a glori\s rew>d 9 ! enhanc$ enjoym5t ( a night ) ! heav5s--all ! result ( y\r own +5uity & h&iwork4 ,x w prove a s\rce ( abundant pleasure & ( inf9ite enjoym5t = ! re/ ( y\r life4 ,i well rememb] ! visit ,i receiv$ f my de> fri5d ,w>r5 de la ,rue 9 ! ye> #ahdj4 ,i 0 execut+ "s "w = him ) respect to a new process :i* he _h contriv$ = ! production ( :ite lead4 ,i 0 !n busy ) ! ca/+ ( my ?irte5-in* speculum4 ,he wat*$ my proce$+s ) e>ne/ int]e/ & mo/ c>eful att5tion4 ,he told me _m ye>s aft]1 t x 0 ! sight ( my special process ( ca/+ a s\nd speculum t 9 a mann] caus$ him to turn 8 ?\ghts to practical a/ronomy1 a subject 9 :i* he has exhibit$ su* noble devotion z well z ma/]ly skill4 ,soon aft] 8 visit ,i _h ! hon\r ( ca/+ = him a ?irte5-in* speculum1 :i* he aft]w>ds gr\nd & poli%$ by a me?od ( 8 own4 ,he m\nt$ x 9 an equatorial in/rum5t ( su* surpass+ excell5ce z enabl$ him1 aid$ by 8 devotion & pure love ( ! subject1 to record a s]ies ( obs]vations & results :i* w h& 8 "n d[n to po/]ity z "o ( ! mo/ fai?ful & pati5t ( a/ronomical obs]v]s4 ,image ,fireside1 ,patricr(t4 ,aft] a draw+ by ,james ,nasmy? ,b to return to my own little "w at ,patricr(t4 ,i m\nt$ my t5-in* home-made reflect+ telescope1 & began my survey ( ! heav5s4 ,ne$ ,i say ) :at exquisite delight ! h>mony ( _! spl5d\r fill$ me4 ,i began z a le>n]1 & my le>n+ grew ) exp]i5ce4 ,!re 7 ! prom95t />s1 ! planets1 ! ,milky ,way --) ?\s&s ( f>-(f suns--to be se54 ,my obs]vations 7 at fir/ m]ely g5]al2 by degrees !y became p>ticul>4 ,i 0 n satisfi$ ) enjoy+ ^! sights myself2 ,i made my fri5ds & neighb\rs %>]s 9 my pleasure2 & "s ( !m enjoy$ ! wond]s ( ! heav5s z mu* z ,i did4 ,9 my e>ly use ( ! telescope ,i _h fitt$ ! speculum into a light squ>e tube ( deal to :i* ! eye-piece 0 atta*$1 s z to h all ! ess5tial p>ts ( ! telescope comb9$ toge!r 9 ! mo/ simple & portable =m4 ,i _h (t5 to remove x f place to place 9 my small g>d5 at ! side ( ! ,bridgewat] ,canal1 9 ord] to get x cle> ( ! trees & bran*es :i* int]cept$ "s object 9 ! heav5s :i* ,i wi%$ to see4 ,h[ eag] & en?usia/ic ,i 0 9 ^? days6 ,sometimes ,i got out ( b$ 9 ! cle> small h\rs ( ! morn+1 & w5t d[n to ! g>d5 9 my night-%irt4 ,i w\ld take ! telescope 9 my arms & plant x 9 "s suitable spot1 :]e ,i might get a peep at "s special planet or /> !n above ! horizon4 ,x became bruit$ ab\t t a gho/ 0 se5 at ,patricr(t6 ,a b>ge 0 sil5tly glid+ along ! canal ne> midnight1 :5 ! boatman sudd5ly saw a figure 9 :ite4 ,x mov$ among ! trees ) a c(f9 9 its arms6 ,! app>ition 0 s sudd5 & /range t he imm$iately conclud$ t x 0 a gho/4 ,! weird sight 0 report$ at ! /ations along ! canal1 & also at ,wolv]hampton1 :i* 0 ! boatman's headqu>t]s4 ,he told ! p at ,patricr(t on 8 return j\rney :at he _h se51 & great 0 ! excitem5t produc$4 ,! place 0 haunt$3 !re 0 no d\bt ab\t x6 ,aft] all1 ! rum\r 0 f\nd$ on fact1 = ! gho/ 0 m]ely myself 9 my night-%irt1 & ! c(f9 0 my telescope1 :i* ,i 0 quietly %ift+ f "o place to ano!r 9 ord] to get a cle>] sight ( ! heav5s at midnight4 ,my ambition exp&$4 ,i n[ resolv$ to con/ruct a reflect+ telescope ( consid]ably great] p[] ?an t :i* ,i possess$4 ,i made "o ( tw5ty in*es diamet]1 & m\nt$ x on a v simple plan1 ?us remov+ _m ( ! inconv5i5ces & ev5 p]sonal risks t att5d ! use ( su* in/rum5ts4 7,= illu/ration ( ! plan ( m\nt+ a l>ge telescope1 see p4 #cch7 ,x _h be5 necess>y to m\nt /eps or ladd]s to get at ! eyepiece1 especially :5 ! objects to be obs]v$ 7 at a high elevation above ! horizon4 ,i n[ prep>$ to d "s special "w ) ?is in/rum5t4 ,9 #ahdb ,i began my sy/ematic rese>*es ^u ! ,moon4 ,i c>efully & m9utely scrut9is$ ! m>vell\s details ( its surface1 a pursuit :i* ,i cont9u$ = _m ye>s1 & /ill cont9ue ) ard\r until ?is day4 ,my me?od 0 z foll[s3 -- ,i avail$ myself ( e fav\rable opportunity = c>ry+ on ! inve/igation4 ,i made c>eful draw+s ) black & :ite *alk on l>ge %eets ( grey-t9t$ pap]1 ( su* select$ portions ( ! ,moon z embodi$ ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & in/ructive features ( h] wond]ful surface4 ,i 0 ?us enabl$ to graphically repres5t ! details ) due fidelity z to =m1 z well z ) reg>d to ! /rik+ effect ( ! orig9al 9 its masses ( light & %ade4 ,i ?us educat$ my eye = ! special object by sy/ematic & c>eful obs]vation1 & at ! same "t practis$ my h& 9 no less c>eful del9eation ( all t 0 s di/9ctly pres5t$ to me by ! telescope--at ! side ( :i* my %eet ( pap] 0 h&ily fix$4 ,i became 9 a mann] famili> ) ! va/ v>iety ( ^? di/9ct manife/ations ( volcanic action1 :i* at "s inconceivably remote p]iod _h produc$ ^! wond]ful features & details ( ! moon's surface4 ,s f> z c\ld be obs]v$1 !re 0 an entire abs5ce ( any ag5cy ( *ange1 s t _! =mation mu/ h rema9$ absolutely intact s9ce ! orig9al cosmical heat ( ! moon _h pass$ rapidly into space4 ,! surface1 ) all its wondr\s details1 pres5ts ! same aspect z x did probably millions ( ages ago4 ,?is consid]ation va/ly enhances ! deep int]e/ ) :i* we look ^u ! moon & its volcanic details4 ,x is totally )\t an atmosph]e1 or ( a vap\r envelope1 su* z ! e>? possesses1 & :i* mu/ h contribut$ to ! cons]vation ( ! cosmical heat ( ! latt] orb4 ,! moon is ( relatively small mass1 & is consequ5tly inf]ior 9 heat-reta9+ p[]4 ,x mu/ ?us h p>t$ ) its orig9al /ock ( cosmical heat ) su* rapidity z to br+ ab\t ! f9al t]m9ation ( ^? surface *anges :i* give x s peculi> an aspect4 ,9 ! case ( ! e>? ! int]nal heat /ill cont9ues 9 op]ation1 ?\gh 9 a va/ly r$uc$ degree ( activity4 ,aga9 9 ! case ( ! moon1 ! total abs5ce ( wat] z well z atmosph]e has remov$ f x all ^? d5udative activities :i*1 9 ! e>?1 h act$ s p[]fully 9 effect+ *anges ( its surfaces z well z 9 ! di/ribution ( its mat]ials4 ,h5ce ! appe>ance ( ! wond]ful details ( ! moon's surface pres5ts u ) objects ( inconceivably remote antiquity4 ,image ,g5]al /ructure ( ,lun> crat]s4 ,ano!r /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( ! moon's surface is ! enorm\s magnitude ( its volcanic crat] =mations4 ,9 comp>ison ) ^!1 ! greate/ on ! surface ( ! e>? are r$uc$ to insignificance4 ,p>adoxical z ! /atem5t may at fir/ appe>1 ! magnitude ( ! rema9s ( ! primitive volcanic en]gy 9 ! moon is simply due to ! smallness ( its mass4 ,be+ only ab\t "o-eightie? "p ( ! bulk ( ! e>?1 ! =ce ( gravity on ! moon's surface is only ab\t "o-six?4 ,& z eruptive =ce is q indep5d5t1 z a =ce1 ( ! law ( gravitation1 & z x act$ ) its full en]gy on matt]1 :i* 9 ! moon is little heavi] ?an cork1 x 0 disp]s$ 9 div]g5t flight f ! v5t ( ! volcanoes1 free f any atmosph]ic resi/ance1 & ?us secur$ an enorm\sly wid] disp]sion ( ! eject$ scoriae4 ,h5ce ! build+ up ( ^? enorm\s r+-=m$ crat]s :i* are se5 9 su* va/ numb]s on ! moon's surface--"s ( !m be+ no less ?an a hundr$ miles 9 diamet]1 ) :i* ^? ( ,etna & ,vesuvius are ! m]e/ molehills 9 comp>ison4 ,i may m5tion1 9 pass+1 t ! frequ5cy ( a c5tral cone )9 ^! r+-%ap$ lun> crat]s supplies u ) "o ( ! mo/ di/9ct & unque/ionable evid5ces ( ! true nature & mode ( ! =mation ( volcanoes4 ,!y are ! result ( ! expir+ en]gy ( ! volcanic dis*>ge1 :i*1 :5 ne> its t]m9ation1 n hav+ suffici5t en]gy to eject ! matt] f> f its v5t1 becomes deposit$ ar\nd x1 & ?us builds up ! c5tral cone z a sort ( monum5t to commemorate its expir+ ef=ts4 ,9 ?is way x recalls ! exact features ( our own t]re/rial crat]s1 ?\gh ! latt] are inf9itely small] 9 comp>ison4 ,:5 we consid] h[ volcanoes are =m$-- by ! ejection & exudation ( mat]ial f b5ea? ! solid cru/-- x w be se5 h[ ! lun> em95ces are =m$2 t is1 by ! =cible projection ( fluid molt5 matt] ?r\gh cracks or v5ts1 ?r\gh :i* x makes its way to ! surface4 ,image ,pico1 an isolat$ ,lun> ,m\nta9 #hjjj feet high4 ,x 0 9 ref]5ce to ?is v int]e/+ subject t ,i made a draw+ ( ! great isolat$ volcanic m\nta9 ,pico1 ab\t #hjjj feet high499 footnote444 ?is illu/ration exhibits a class ( volcanic =mations t may be se5 on _m portions ( ! moon's surface4 ,!y are :at ,i w\ld t]m exudative volcanic m\nta9s1 ! results ( a comp>atively g5tle dis*>ge ( volcanic matt]1 :i* has result$ 9 heap$ up em95ces2 a va/ gr\p ( :i* 7 display$ 9 ! illu/ration1 "s ( !m be+ upw>ds ( #bj1jjj feet high4 444 ,x exhibits a v diff]5t appe>ance f t ( our m\nta9 ranges1 :i* are = ! mo/ "p ! result ( a tang5tial action4 ,9 ! case ( ! e>?1 ! h>d /ratifi$ cru/ _h to adapt itself to ! %runk5 diamet] ( ! once mu* hott] globe4 ,?is tang5tial action is illu/rat$ 9 our own p]sons1 :5 age causes ! body to %r9k 9 bulk1 :ile ! sk91 :i* does n %r9k to ! same ext5t1 has to accommodate itself to ! %runk5 int]ior1 & s =ms wr9kles--! wr9kles ( age4 ,?is !ory op5s up a *apt] 9 geology & physiology well wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,x may alike be se5 9 ! /ructure ( ! surface ( ! e>?1 9 an old apple1 & 9 an old h&499 footnote444 ,! %runk5 h& on ! o!r side is t ( ,mr4 ,nasmy?1 photograph$ by himself4 ,accord+ to ,! ,psy*onomy ( ! ,h&1 by ,r4 ,beami%1 ,f4,r4,s41 au?or ( ,! ,life ( ,sir ,m4 ,i4 ,brunel1 x exhibits a ?or\ghly me*anical h&1 z well z ! h& ( a delicate manipulator2 illu/rat+ t rem>kable expression 9 ! ,book ( ,job1 t 9 ! h& ( all ! sons ( m5 ,god places m>ks1 t all ! sons ( m5 may "k _! own works4--,,ed4 444 ,image ,%runk5 ,apple & ,h&499 footnote444 ,^! illu/rations s]ve to illu/rate "o ( ! mo/ pot5t ( geological ag5cies :i* has giv5 ! e>?'s surface its gr&e/ *>act]i/ics4 ,i mean ! elevation ( m\nta9 ranges ?r\gh ! contraction ( ! globe z a :ole4 ,by ! action ( gravity ! =m] l>g] surface cru%es d[n1 z x 71 ! contract+ int]ior2 & ! sup]flu\s matt]1 :i* belong$ to a bigg] globe1 arranges itself by tang5tial displacem5t1 & accommodates itself to ! alt]$ or decreas$ size ( ! globe4 ,h5ce our m\nta9 ranges1 :i* ?\gh app>5tly enorm\s :5 se5 ne> at h& are m]ely ! wr9kles on ! face ( ! e>?4 444 ,:ile e>ne/ly /udy+ ! details ( ! moon's surface1 x 0 a s\rce ( great additional int]e/ to me to endeav\r to realise 9 ! m9d's eye ! possible l&scape effect ( its m>vell\s elevations & depressions4 ,"h my artisic faculty came into op]ation4 ,i endeav\r$ to illu/rate ! l&scape4 sc5]y ( ! ,moon1 9 l mann] z we illu/rate ! l&scape sc5]y ( ! ,e>?4 ,! telescope reveal$ to me di/9ctly ! volcanic crat]s1 ! cracks1 & ! ranges ( m\nta9s--by means ( ! light & %ade on ! moon's surface4 ,"o ( ! mo/ prom95t conditions ( ! awful gr&eur ( lun> sc5]y is ! brilliant light ( ! sun1 f> transc5d+ t :i* we exp]i5ce ^u ! e>?--enhanc$ by ! contra/ ) ! jet-black backgr\nd ( ! lun> heav5s1-- ! result ( ! total abs5ce ( atmosph]e4 ,"o portion ( ! moon1 on :i* ! sun is %9+1 is brilliantly illum9at$1 :ile all 9 %ade is d>k4 ,:ile ! disc ( ! sun appe>s a va/ electric light ( ov]p[]+ rayless brilliancy1 e /> & planet 9 ! black vault ( ! lun> heav5s is %9+ ) /eady brightness at all times2 z1 :e!r ! ,sun be pres5t or abs5t dur+ ! long f\rte5 days' l5g? ( ! lun> day or night1 no diff]5ce on ! absolutely black aspect ( ! lun> heav5s c appe>4 ,t aspect mu/ be et]nal !re4 ,no modification99 footnote444 a small degree ( illum9ation is1 h[ev]1 giv5 to "s portions ( ! ,moon's surface by ! ,e>?-%9e1 :5 ! e>? is 9 su* a position ) reg>d to ! ,moon1 z to reflect "s light on to x1 z ! ,moon does to ! e>?4 444 ( ! d>kness ( %ad[s 9 ! ,moon c result f ! illum9ative effect1 z 9 our case 9 ! e>?1 f light reflect$ into %ad[s by ! blue sky ( our e>?ly day ,! int5sity ( ! contra/ betwe5 light & %ade mu/ ?us l5d ano!r awful aspect to ! sc5]y ( ! ,moon1 :ile depriv$ ( all ^? *>m+ effects :i* arti/s t]m a]ial p]spective1 by :i* relative di/ances are r5d]$ cognisable ) su* t5d] & exquisite beauty4 ,! abs5ce ( atmosph]e on ! ,moon causes ! mo/ di/ant objects to appe> z close z ! ne>e/2 :ile ! comp>atively rapid curvature ( ! moon1 ow+ to its be+ a globe only "o-f\r? ! diamet] ( ! e>?1 mu/ necess>ily limit v consid]ably ! range ( view4 ,image ,lun> ,m\nta9s & ,ext9ct ,volcanic ,crat]s ,x is ! comb9ation ( all ^! circum/ances1 :i* we "k ) absolute c]ta9ty mu/ exi/ 9 ! ,moon1 t gives to ! contemplation ( h] m>vell\s surface1 z reveal$ by ! aid ( p[]ful telescopes1--"o ( ! gr&e/ & mo/ deeply int]e/+ subjects t c occupy our ?\ghts2 especially :5 we reg>d ! physical con/itution & ! peculi> /ructure ( h] surface1 z t ( our ne>e/ planet>y neighb\r1 & also z our s]viceable att5dant by night4 ,!n !re are ! ,tides1 s useful to man1 pres]v+ ! sanit>y condition ( ! riv] m\?s & tide-swept %ores4 ,we mu/ be grateful = ! ,moon's exi/5ce on t acc\nt alone4 ,%e is ! gr& scav5g] & practical sanit>y commission] ( ! e>?4 ,!n consid] ! "w %e does6 ,%e moves hundr$s ( %ips & b>ges1 fill$ ) valuable c>goes1 up our tidal riv]s1 to ! comm]cial cities on _! banks4 ,%e ?us p]=ms a va/ am\nt ( daily & nightly me*anical drudg]y4 ,%e is ! mo/ effective ( all ,tugs2 & n[ t we und]/& ! conv]tibility & cons]vation ( =ce1 we may be able to use h] ,tide-produc+ p[]s ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( electricity = me*anical purposes4 ,x is ev5 possible t ! ,tides may yet light our /reets & h\ses699 footnote444 ,x is n q a c5tury s9ce ,london 0 9 "p suppli$ ) wat] by ! ,moon1 ?r\gh employ+ ! tidal action by ! wat]s at ,old ,london ,bridge1 :]e ! tide mills work$ ! wat]-supply+ pumps4 444 ,is ! moon inhabit$8 ,x seems to me t ! entire abs5ce ( atmosph]e & wat] =bids ! supposition--at lea/ ( any =m ( life ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,add to ?is adv]se condition1 ! fact ( ! moon's day be+ equal to f\rte5 ( our days2 ! sun %9+ ) mu* m brilliancy ( effect 9 ! moon ?an on ! e>?1 :]e atmosph]e & moi/ure act z an important ag5t 9 modify+ its scor*+ rays2 :il/ no su* ag5cy exi/s 9 ! moon4 ,! sun %9es !re )\t int]mission = f\rte5 days & nights4 ,dur+ t "t ! heat mu/ accumulate to almo/ ! melt+ po9t ( lead2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! abs5ce ( ! sun = an equal p]iod mu/ be foll[$ by a p]iod ( int5se cold1 su* z we h no exp]i5ce (1 ev5 9 ! ,arctic regions4 ,! highe/ au?orities /ate t ! cold dur+ ! ,moon's long night mu/ rea* z l[ z #bej degrees bel[ ! freez+ po9t ( wat]4 ,^! consid]ations1 ,i ?9k1 reasonably sugge/ t ! exi/5ce ( any =m ( life 9 ! ,moon is 9 ! highe/ degree improbable4 ,! fir/ occasion on :i* ,i exhibit$ my s]ies ( draw+s ( ! ,moon1 toge!r ) a map six feet 9 diamet] ( its entire visible surface1 0 at ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,ed9burgh 9 #ahej4 ,i always look$ =w>d to ^! meet+s ) great pleasure1 & att5d$ !m ) supreme int]e/4 ,my de> wife always accompani$ me4 ,x 0 our sci5tific holiday4 ,x 0 also our holiday ( fri5d%ip4 ,we met _m ( our old fri5ds1 & made _m new fri5ds4 ,alas1 h[ _m ( !m h dep>t$6 ,h]s*el1 ,f>aday1 ,rob9son1 ,taylor1 ,phillips1 ,brew/]1 ,rosse1 ,fairbairn1 ,lassell1 & a ho/ ( m9or />s1 :o1 al?\gh p]haps want+ 9 ! brightness or magnitude ( ^? ,i h nam$1 made good am5ds by ! w>m? ( _! *e]ful rays4 ,we saw ! y\ng] lights em]g+ above ! horizon3 ! m5 :o /ill cont9ue to %$ _! glory ov] ! meet+s ( ! ,association4 ,h[ delightful 0 our visit to ,ed9burgh 9 #ahej4 ,x 0 m9e own romantic t[n4 ,i rememb]$ its /rik+ features s well4 ,!re 0 ! broad mass ( ! ,old ,t[n1 ) its endless div]sity ( light & %ade4 ,!re 0 ! gr& old =tress1 ) its t[]s & turrets & black por?oles4 ,t[>ds ev5+ ! di/ant glories ( ! dep>t+ sun ?rew =w>d1 9 d>k outl9e1 ! wood$ hill ( ,cor/orph9e4 ,! rock & ,ca/le assum$ a new aspect e "t ,i look$ at !m4 ,! long-drawn g>d5s fill+ ! valley betwe5 ! ,old ,t[n & ! ,new1 & ! ?ickly-wood$ sc>s ( ! ,ca/le rock1 7 a *>m ( l&scape & a *>m ( art4 ,ar?ur's ,seat1 l a lion at re/1 seem$ p]fect wit*craft4 ,& f ! /reets 9 ! ,new ,t[n1 or f ,calton ,hill1 :at s+ul> glances ( beauty 7 obs]v$ 9 ! di/ance--! gleam+ wat]s ( ! ,fir?1 & ! blue %ad[s among ! hills ( ,fife4 ,i rememb]$ x all1 f ! days 9 :i* ,i sat1 z a *ild1 beside ! lassies wat*+ ! claes on ! ,calton ,hill & he>+ ! *imes ( ,/4 ,giles's t9kl+ across ! ,nor' ,lo* f ! ,old ,t[n2 ! walks1 :5 a boy1 9 ! picturesque c\ntry r\nd ,ed9burgh1 ) my fa!r & 8 sci5tific & arti/ic fri5ds2 my days at ! ,high ,s*ool1 & !n my ev5+s at ! ,s*ool ( ,arts2 my ca/+s ( brass 9 my b$room1 & ! te*nical tra9+ ,i enjoy$ 9 ! work%op ( my old s*oolfell[2 my roadway locomotive & its success2 & f9ally1 ! mak+ ( my tools & ma*9es int5d$ = ,man*e/]1 at ! f\ndry ( my de> old fri5d ,d\glass4 ,x all came back to me l a dream4 ,& n[1 aft] "s tw5ty ye>s1 ,i _h return$ to ,ed9burgh on a visit to ! ,briti% ,association4 ,_m ?+s _h be5 *ang$--_m relatives & fri5ds _h dep>t$--b /ill ,ed9burgh rema9$ to me z fasc9at+ z ev]4 ,! excursions =m$ our pr9cipal s\rce ( enjoym5t dur+ ^! sci5tific ga!r+s4 ,! season 0 !n at its happie/4 ,nature 0 9 h] mo/ enjoyable condition1 & ! excursioni/s 7 usually 9 _! holiday mood4 ,! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,ed9burgh 0 presid$ ov] by ,sir ,david ,brew/]4 ,! geologi/s visit$ ! rem>kable displays ( volcanic ph5om5a ) :i* ! neighb\rhood ( ,ed9burgh s+ul>ly ab\nds4 ,inde$1 ,ed9burgh owes mu* ( its picturesque beauty to volcanoes & e>?quake upheav+s4 ,our excursions culm9at$ 9 a visit to ! ,bass ,rock4 ,! excursion _h be5 c>efully plann$1 & 0 successfully c>ri$ out4 ,! day 0 beautiful1 & ! p>ty 0 ( ! *oice/4 ,aft] rea*+ ! little cove ( ,canty ,bay1 ov]look$ by ! gigantic ru9s ( ,tantallon ,ca/le1 we 7 f]ri$ across to ! ,bass2 ?r\gh a few miles ( t caprici\s sea1 ! ,fir? ( ,=?1 ne> to :]e x jo9s ! ,g]man ,ocean4 ,we 7 pilot$ by t f9e old ,briti% t>1 ,admiral ,malcolm1 :ile ! commiss>iat 0 sup]9t5d$ by ,g5]al ,pasley4 ,we 7 safely l&$ on t magnific5t sea-girt volcanic rock-- ! ,bass4 ,aft] inspect+ ! ru9s ( :at 0 once a ca/ellat$ ,/ate prison1 :]e ! ,cov5ant]s 7 immur$ = consci5ce' sake1 we w&]$ up ! hill t[>ds ! summit4 ,!re we 7 treat$ to a %ort lecture by ,pr(essor ,ow5 on ! ,solan ,goose1 :i* 0 illu/rat$ by ! cl\ds ( geese fly+ ov] u4 ,!y freely exhibit$ _! habits on l& z well z 9 mid-air1 & skimm$ ! dizzy crags ) graceful & app>5tly ef=tless motions4 ,! va/ v>iety ( seaf[l scream$ _! utmo/1 & gave a wond]fully illu/rative *orus to ! lecture4 ,x 0 a mo/ impressive sc5e4 ,we 7 high above ! deep blue sea ( ! ,g]man ,ocean1 ! waves ( :i* leapt up z if !y w\ld sweep u away into ! dep?s bel[4 ,ano!r ( our delightful excursions 0 made "u ! guidance ( my old & de> fri5d ,rob]t ,*amb]s499 footnote444 ,i _c pass ov] ! m5tion ( ,rob]t ,*amb]s's "n )\t add+ t ,i 0 on t]ms ( ! mo/ fri5dly intimacy ) him f a v e>ly p]iod ( 8 life to its t]m9ation 9 #ahga4 ,i rememb] :5 he made 8 fir/ v5ture 9 bus9ess 9 ,lei? ,walk4 ,by virtue ( 8 indu/ry1 ability1 & en]gy1 he became a prosp]\s man4 ,i _h ! happ9ess ( enjoy+ 8 delightful & in/ructive society on _m occasions4 ,we _h r>e cracks on all subjects1 b especially respect+ old places & old *>act]s :om we _h kn[n at ,ed9burgh4 ,8 natural aptitude to cat* up ! sali5t & mo/ humor\s po9ts ( "*1 ) ! qua9t mann] 9 :i* he c\ld describe !m1 gave a va/ *>m to 8 company & conv]sation4 ,add$ to :i*1 ! wide range & accuracy ( 8 in=mation1 acquir$ by 8 own indu/ry & quick-witt$ p5etration1 caus$ ! h\rs sp5t 9 8 society to rema9 among ! brighte/ po9ts 9 my memory4 444 ,! object ( ?is excursion 0 to visit ! rem>kable s]ies ( groov$ & scrat*$ rocks :i* _h be5 discov]$99 footnote444 ,!y _h be5 fir/ se51 "s tw5ty ye>s be=e1 by ,sir ,james ,hall1 "o ( ! geologic lights ( ,ed9burgh4 444 on ! we/]n edge ( ! cliff-l b\nd>y ( ,cor/orph9e ,hill4 ,! glacial orig9 ( ^! groov+s on ! rocks 0 !n occupy+ ! att5tion ( geologi/s4 ,x 0 a subject t ,rob]t ,*amb]s _h c>efully /udi$1 9 ! ,l[l&s1 9 ! ,highl&s1 9 ,rh9e-l&1 9 ,switz]l&1 & 9 ,norway4 ,he _h also publi%$ 8 ,anci5t ,sea ,m>g9s & 8 ,trac+s ( ! ,nor? ( ,europe 9 illu/ration ( 8 views4 ,he 0 n[ enabl$ to %[ u ^! groov+s & scrat*+s on ! rocks ne> ,ed9burgh4 ,9 ord] to r5d] ! records m accessible1 he _h ! hea!r & mossy turf c>efully remov$-- especially f "s ( ! mo/ di/9ct evid5ces ( glacial rock-groov+4 ,?us no "t 0 lo/1 & we imm$iately saw ! unque/ionable m>k+s4 ,su* visits z ^! are a ?\s& times m in/ructive & int]e/+ ?an long pap]s read at sci5tific meet+s4 ,!y af=d ! be/ opportunity = int]*ange ( ideas1 & directly produce an emphatic result2 = "o _c cavil ab\t :at he has se5 ) 8 eyes & felt ) 8 h&s4 ,we return$ to ! city 9 "t to be pres5t at a mo/ int]e/+ lecture by ,hugh ,mill] on ! ,b\ld] ,clay4 ,he illu/rat$ x by "s scrat*$ b\ld]s :i* he _h collect$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,ed9burgh4 ,he br\ght ! subject be=e 8 audi5ce 9 8 own cle> & admirable viva voce /yle4 ,! ,duke ( ,argyll 0 9 ! *air1 & a v animat$ discussion took place on ?is novel & difficult subject4 ,x 0 humor\sly br\ght to a conclusion by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,flem+1 a %rewd & le>n$ geologi/4 ,l _m o!rs1 he _h enc\nt]$ great difficulties 9 arriv+ at def9ite conclusions on ?is my/]i\s subject4 ,he conclud$ 8 rem>ks ^u x by describ+ ! influ5ce x _h 9 prev5t+ 8 sleep+ at night4 ,he 0 s re/less on "o occasion t 8 wife became s]i\sly al>m$4 ,:at's ! matt] wi' ye1 ,john8 are ye ill8 ,on no1 repli$ ! doctor1 x's only t conf\nd$ ,b\nd] ,clay6 ,?is dome/ic anecdote br\ght d[n ! h\se1 & ! meet+ t]m9at$ 9 a l\d & he>ty laugh4 ,i1 too1 contribut$ my little quota ( in=mation to ! memb]s ( ! ,briti% ,association4 ,i _h br\ght ) me f ,lanca%ire a consid]able numb] ( my l>ge graphic illu/rations ( ! details ( ! ,moon's surface4 ,i gave a viva voce acc\nt ( my lun> rese>*es at a cr[d$ meet+ ( ! ,physical ,section ,a4 ,! novel & int]e/+ subject appe>$ to give s mu* satisfaction to ! audi5ce t ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,association reque/$ me to repeat ! acc\nt at "o ( ! special ev5+s1 :5 ! memb]s ( all ! v>i\s sections 7 g5]ally pres5t4 ,x 0 q a new ?+ = me to appe> z a public lectur]2 b ,i cons5t$4 ,! l>ge hall ( ! ,assembly ,rooms 9 ,george ,/reet 0 cr[d$ ) an att5tive audi5ce4 ,! ,duke ( ,argyll 0 9 ! *air4 ,x is a difficult ?+ to give a public lecture especially to a sci5tific audi5ce4 ,to see a l>ge numb] ( faces turn$ up1 wait+ = ! words ( ! lectur]1 is a some:at appall+ sight4 ,b ! novelty ( ! subject & ! graphic illu/rations help$ me v mu*4 ,i 0 q full ( ! ,moon4 ,! words came almo/ uns\ght2 & ,i believe ! lecture w5t (f v well1 & t]m9at$ ) great applause4 ,& ?us ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,ed9burgh came to an end4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n ! end ( our visit to ,scotl&4 ,i 0 /rongly urg$ by ! ,duke ( ,argyll to pay him a visit at 8 ca/le at ,inv]>y4 ,i _h frequ5tly be=e _h ! happ9ess ( meet+ ! ,duke & ,du*ess at ! ,e>l ( ,ellesm]e's mansion at ,worsley ,hall ,he _h made u promise t if we ev] came to ,scotl& we 7 n to fail to pay him a visit4 ,x 0 accord+ly arrang$ at ,ed9burgh t we %\ld c>ry out our promise1 & sp5d "s days ) him at ,inv]>y be=e our return home4 ,we 7 mo/ cordially welcom$ at ! ca/le1 & enjoy$ our visit exce$+ly4 ,we _h ! pleasure ( see+ ! spl5did sc5]y ( ! ,we/]n ,highl&s ! m\nta9s r\nd ! head ( ,lo* ,fyne1 ,lo* ,awe1 & ! magnific5t ho>y-head$ ,b5 ,crua*an1 requir+ a base ( m ?an tw5ty miles to support him1--besides ! beautiful & maje/ic sc5]y ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,b my *ief int]e/ 0 9 ! specim5s ( high geological int]e/ :i* ! ,duke %[$ me4 ,he _h discov]$ !m 9 ! ,isl& ( ,mull1 9 a b$ ( clay %ale1 "u a volcanic basaltic cliff ov] eighty feet high1 fac+ ! ,atlantic ,ocean4 ,he f\nd 9 ?is b$ _m beautifully p]fect impressions ( =e/ tree leaves1 *iefly ( ! plane-tree class4 ,!y appe>$ to h be5 envelop$ 9 ! muddy bottom ( a lake1 :i* _h be5 seal$ up by ! bel*+ =? f ! b[els ( ! e>? ( molt5 volcanic basaltic lava1 & :i* inde$ =m$ ! *ief mat]ial ( ! ,isl& ( ,mull4 ,?is basaltic cliff n[ fronts ! ,atlantic1 & resi/s its waves l a rock ( iron4 ,to see all ! delicate ve9s & /alklets1 & exact =ms ( :at _h once be5 ! gre5 fre% foliage ( a remotely primeval =e/1 ?us br\ght to light aga91 z pres]v$ 9 _! clay envelope1 aft] !y _h la9 = ages & ages "u :at mu/ h be5 ! molt5 outbur/ ( "s trem5d\s volcanic dis*>ge1 & :i* n[ =m$ ! rock-b\nd coa/ ( ,mull1 fill$ "o's m9d ) an idea ( ! inconceivable l5g? ( "t t mu/ h pass$ s9ce ! production ( ^! ,wond]ful geological ph5om5a4 ,i felt all ! m special int]e/ 9 ^! specim5s1 z ,i _h _m ye>s be=e1 on my return visit f ,londond]ry1 avail$ myself ( ! ne>ness ( ! ,giant's ,causeway to make a c>eful exam9ation ( ! m>vell\s volcanic columns 9 t neighb\rhood4 ,hav+ scrambl$ up to a great height1 ,i f\nd a ?ick b& ( hematitic clay und]nea? ! upp] b$ ( basalt1 :i* 0 ab\t sixty feet ?ick4 ,9 ?is clay ,i detect$ a ri* deposit ( completely *>r$ bran*es ( :at _h once be5 a =e/ tree4 ,! b$ _h be5 bur/ ?r\gh by ! outbur/ ( molt5 basalt1 & conv]t$ ! bran*es into *>coal4 ,i dug out "s ( ! specim5s1 & aft]w>ds di/ribut$ !m among/ my geological fri5ds4 ,! ,duke 0 int]e/$ by my acc\nt1 :i* s cle>ly confirm$ 8 own discov]y4 ,on a subsequ5t occasion ,i revisit$ ! ,giant's ,causeway 9 company ) my de> wife4 ,i aga9 scrambl$ up to ! hematitic b$ ( clay "u ! basaltic cliff1 & dug out a suffici5t quantity ( ! *>r$ bran*es1 :i* ,i s5t to ! ,duke1 9 confirmation ( 8 !ory z to ! orig9 ( ! leaf-b$s at ,mull499 footnote444 ,i receiv$ ! foll[+ reply f ! ,duke ( ,argyll dat$ ,inv]>y1 ,nov4 #ai1 #ahej3 -- ,,my ,,de> ,,sir--,am ,i "r 9 conclud+1 f ! description :i*2 y 7 s k9d z to s5d to me1 t ! lignite b$1 ) its sup]9cumb5t basalts1 lies above ^? p>ticul> column> basalts :i* =m ! f>-fam$ ,giant's ,causeway8 ,i see f y\r sket* t basalts ( great ?ickness1 & 9 "s views beautifully column>1 d und]lie ! lignite b$2 b ,i am n q sure t ^! column> basalts are ^? precisely :i* are call$ ! ,causeway4 ,i _h nev] he>d be=e t ! ,giant's ,causeway re/$ on *alk1 :i* all ! basalts 9 y\r sket* d4 ,image ,! ,a/rolog]s ,t[]--,a ,day ,dream4 ,by ,james ,nasmy?4 7,facsimile47 ,i h be5 %[+ y\r draw+ ( ',udolpho ,ca/le' & ',! ,a/rolog]'s ,t[]' to ! ,du*ess ( ,su!rl&1 :o is en*ant$ ) ! beauty ( ! ar*itectural details1 & wi%es %e _h se5 !m be=e ,dunrob9 0 f9i%$2 = h9ts might h be5 tak5 f bits ( y\r "w4 --,v truly y\rs1 ,,argyll4 444 ,9 ! ye> foll[+ ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,ed9burgh1 ! great ,exhibition ( all nations at ,london took place4 ,! ,commission]s appo9t$ = c>ry+ out ?is noble ent]prise _h made special visits to ,man*e/] & ! surr\nd+ manufactur+ di/ricts = ! purpose ( organis+ local committees1 s t ! ma*9]y & productions ( ea* might be adequately repres5t$ 9 ! ,_w's ,great ,indu/rial ,exhibition4 ,! ,commission]s 7 met ) en?usiasm2 & ne>ly e manufactur] 0 f\nd ready to display ! results ( 8 indu/ry4 ,! local eng9e]s & tool-mak]s 7 put ^u _! mettle1 & ea* endeav\r$ to d 8 be/4 ,l o!rs1 our firm contribut$ specim5s ( our special ma*9e tools1 & a fair av]age specim5 ( ! /eam hamm]1 ) a #cj cwt4 hamm]-block4 ,i also s5t "o ( my v simple & compact /eam-eng9es1 9 ! design ( :i* ,i _h embodi$ ! =m ( my /eam hamm]--plac+ ! crank :]e ! anvil ( ! hamm] usually /&s4 ,! simplicity & grace ( ?is arrangem5t ( ! /eam-eng9e 7 mu* admir$4 ,its m]its 7 ackn[l$g$ 9 a way mo/ gratify+ to me1 by its rapid adoption by eng9e]s ( e class1 especially by m>9e eng9e]s4 ,x has be5 adopt$ = driv+ ! %afts ( screw-propell$ /eam%ips ( ! l>ge/ k9d4 ,! comp>atively small space x occupies1 its compactness1 its get-at-ability ( p>ts1 & ! action ( gravity on ! pi/on1 :i*1 work+ v]tically1 & hav+ no undue action 9 caus+ we>+ ( ! cyl9d] on "o side 7:i* 0 ! case ) horizontal eng9es71 has n[ br\ght my ,/eam ,hamm] ,eng9e into almo/ univ]sal use99 footnote444 ,sir ,john ,&]son1 9 8 ,report on ! ma*9e tools1 textile1 & o!r ma*9]y exhibit$ at ,vi5na 9 #ahgc1 makes ! foll[+ obs]vations3 --,p]haps ! f9e/ pair ( m>9e eng9es yet produc$ by ,france1 or any o!r c\ntry1 7 ^? exhibit$ by ,s*neid] & ,company1 ! lead+ firm 9 ,france4 ,^! eng9es 7 n l>ge1 b 7 p]fect 9 _m respects2 yet comp>atively few ( ^? :o 7 /ruck ) admiration seem$ to "k t ! orig9al ( ?is /yle ( con/ruction came f ! same m9d z ! ,/eam ,hamm]4 ,nasmy?'s ,infant ,h]cules 0 ! =]unn] ( all ! /eam hamm] eng9es t h yet be5 made f t type1 :i* is n[ be+ s ext5sively employ$ = work+ ! screw propell] ( /eam vessels4 444 ,! ,commission]s1 act+ on ! special recomm5dation ( ! jury1 aw>d$ me a m$al = ! con/ruction ( ?is =m ( /eam-eng9e99 footnote444 ,! ,c\ncil ( ! ,exhibition ?us describe ! eng9e 9 ! aw>ds3 -- ,nasmy?1 ,j41 ,patricr(t1 ,man*e/]1 a small portable direct-act+ /eam-eng9e4 ,! cyl9d] is fix$1 v]tical & inv]t$1 ! crank be+ plac$ b5ea? x1 & ! pi/on work+ d[nw>ds4 ,! sides ( ! frame :i* support ! cyl9d] s]ve z guides1 & ! be>+s ( ! crank-%aft & fly-:eel are firmly fix$ 9 ! b$-plate ( ! eng9e4 ,! arrangem5t is compact & economical1 & ! workman%ip practically good & durable4 7,see illu/ration ( ! design1 page #dbd47 444 z x 0 m]ely a judici\s arrangem5t ( ! p>ts1 & n1 9 any correct s5se ( ! t]m1 an inv5tion1 ,i took out no pat5t = x1 & left x free to "w its own way into g5]al adoption4 ,x has s9ce be5 us$ = high z well z l[-pressure /eam-- an arrangem5t :i* has come into mu* fav\r on acc\nt ( ! great economy ( fuel :i* results f us+ x4 ,a ,c\ncil ,m$al 0 also aw>d$ to me = ! ,/eam ,hamm]4 ,b p]haps :at pleas$ me mo/ 0 ! ,prize ,m$al :i* ,i receiv$ = my special hobby--! draw+s ( ! ,moon's surface4 ,i s5t a collection ( ^!1 ) a map1 to ! ,exhibition4 ,!y attract$ consid]able att5tion1 n only because ( _! novelty1 b because ( ! accurate & arti/ic /yle ( _! execution4 ,! ,jurors1 9 mak+ ! aw>d1 gave ! foll[+ description ( !m3 ,mr4 ,nasmy? exhibits a well-del9eat$ map ( ! ,moon on a l>ge scale1 :i* is drawn ) great accuracy1 ! irregul>ities ^u ! surface be+ %[n ) mu* =ce & _s2 also sep>ate & enl>g$ repres5tations ( c]ta9 portions ( ! ,moon z se5 ?r\gh a p[]ful telescope3 !y are all good 9 detail1 & v effective4 ,my draw+s ( ! ,moon attract$ ! special notice ( ! ,pr9ce ,consort4 ,%ortly aft] ! clos+ ( ! ,exhibition1 9 ,octob] #ahea1 ! ,que5 & ! ,pr9ce made a visit to ,man*e/] & ,liv]pool1 dur+ :i* "t !y 7 ! gue/s ( ! ,e>l ( ,ellesm]e at ,worsley ,hall4 ,f9d+ t ,i liv$ ne> at h&1 ! ,pr9ce express$ 8 desire to ! ,e>l t ,i %\ld exhibit to ,h] ,maje/y "s ( my graphic lun> /udies4 ,on receiv+ a note to t effect f ! ,c\ntess ( ,ellesm]e1 ,i s5t a selection ( my draw+s to ! ,hall1 & proce$$ !re 9 ! ev5+4 ,i _h !n ! hon\r ( %[+ !m to ! ,que5 & ! ,pr9ce1 & expla9+ !m 9 detail4 ,h] ,maje/y took a deep int]e/ 9 ! subject1 & 0 mo/ e>ne/ 9 h] inquiries4 ,! ,pr9ce ,consort' said t ! draw+s op5$ up q a new subject to him1 :i* he _h n be=e _h ! opportunity ( consid]+4 ,x 0 z mu* z ,i c\ld d to answ] ! num]\s ke5 & incisive que/ions :i* he put to me4 ,!y 7 all s di/9ct & cog5t4 ,_! object 01 ( c\rse1 to draw f me ! necess>y explanations on ?is r recondite subject4 ,i believe1 h[ev]1 t not)/&+ ! pres5ce ( ,royalty1 ,i 0 enabl$ to place all ! mo/ /rik+ & important features ( ! ,moon's surface 9 a cle> & satisfactory mann] be=e ,h] ,maje/y & ! ,pr9ce1 ,i f9d t ! ,que5 9 h] ,di>y alludes 9 ! mo/ gratify+ mann] to ! ev5+'s int]view4 ,9 ! ,life ( ! ,pr9ce ,consort 7vol4 ii4 p4 #cih71 ,sir ,!odore ,m>t9 ?us m5tions ! subject3 -- ,! ev5+ 0 enliv5$ by ! pres5ce ( ,mr4 ,nasmy?1 ! inv5tor ( ! /eam hamm]1 :o _h ext5sive works at ,patricr(t4 ,he exhibit$ & expla9$ ! map & draw+s 9 :i* he _h embodi$ ! results ( 8 inve/igations ( ! con=mations ( ! surface ( ! ,moon4 ,! ,que5 9 h] ,di>y dwells at consid]able l5g? on ! results ( ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s inquiries4 ,! *>m ( 8 mann]1 9 :i* ! simplicity1 mode/y1 & en?usiasm ( g5ius are all /rik+ly comb9$1 are w>mly dwelt ^u4 ,mr4 ,nasmy? belongs to a family ( pa9t]s1 & w\ld h won fame = himself z an arti/ --= 8 l&scapes are z true to ,nature z 8 compositions are full ( fancy & feel+--_h n sci5ce & me*anical inv5tion claim$ him = _! own4 ,8 draw+s 7 submitt$ on ?is occasion4 & _! beauty 0 g5]ally admir$499 footnote444 ,9 8 lecture on ! ,geological ,features ( ,ed9burgh & its ,neighb\rhood1 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 ,hugh ,mill]1 speak+ ( ! ,ca/le ,rock1 obs]v$3 --,! und]ly+ /rata1 ?\gh geologically & 9 _! orig9al position sev]al hundr$ feet high] ?an ^? :i* und]lie ! ,ca/le esplanade1 are n[1 ) respect to ! actual level1 ne>ly #bjj feet l[]4 ,9 a lecture on :at may be t]m$ ! geology ( ! ,moon1 deliv]$ 9 ! ,octob] ( la/ ye> be=e ,h] ,maje/y & ,pr9ce ,alb]t by ,mr4 ,nasmy?1 he ref]r$ to c]ta9 appe>ances on ! surface ( t satellite t seem$ to be ! results1 9 "s v anci5t "t1 ( ! sudd5 fall+ 9 ( portions ( an unsupport$ cru/1 or a retreat+ nucleus ( molt5 matt]2 & took occasion to sugge/ t "s ( ! great slips & %ifts on ! surface ( our own planet1 ) _! huge d[nca/s1 may h _h a simil> orig94 ,! sugge/ion is at once bold & +5i\s4 444 ,! next "t ,i visit$ ,ed9burgh 0 9 ! autumn ( #ahec4 ,"l ,cockburn1 an old fri5d1 hav+ he>d t ,i 0 soj\rn+ 9 ! city1 s5t me ! foll[+ lett]1 dat$ ,bonally1 #crd ,septemb]1 invit+ me to call a meet+ ( ! ,fai?ful3 ,,my ,,de> ,sir--,in/ead ( be+ sket*+1 z ,i ?\ght1 9 ,switz]l&1 ,i 0 told ye/]day t y 7 9 ,auld ,reekie4 ,!n :y n come out "h next ,?ursday1 or ,friday1 or ,saturday1 & let u h a ,hill ,day8 ,i suppose ,i ne$ n write to summon ! ,fai?ful1 because n hav+ be5 9 ,ed9burgh except once = above a mon?1 ,i don't "k :]e ! ,fai?ful are4 ,b y mu/ "k _! haunts1 & x c't give y mu* tr\ble to speak to !m4 ,i %\ld l to see ,laud] "h4 ,& don't =get ! ,gab]lunzie4--,ev]1 ,h4 ,,cockburn99 footnote444 ,james ,ballant9e1 au?or ( ,! ,gab]lunzie's ,wallet4 ,9 ,augu/ #ahfe ,mr4 ,ballant9e wrote to me say+3 ,if ev] y are 9 ,auld ,reekie ,i %\ld feel pr\d ( a call f y4 ,i h n =gott5 ! delightful day we sp5t toge!r _m ye>s ago at ,bonny ,bonally ) ! eagle-ey$ ,h5ry ,cockburn6 444 ,! meet+ came (f4 ,i collect$ a numb] ( special fri5ds ab\t me1 & ,i took my wife to ! meet+ ( ! ,fai?ful4 ,!re 7 pres5t ,david ,rob]ts1 ,cl>kson ,/anfield1 ,l\is & ,c>l ,haag1 ,sir ,george ,h>vey1 ,james ,ballant9e1 & ,d4 ,o4 ,hill--all arti/s4 ,we made our way to ,bonny ,bonally1 a *>m+ resid5ce1 situat$ at ! foot ( ! ,p5tl& ,hills499 footnote444 ,! h\se 0 aft]w>ds occupi$ by ! lam5t$ ,pr(essor ,hodgson1 ! well-kn[n ,political ,economi/4 444 ,! day 0 p]fect--9 all respects equal to bespoke4 ,) t mo/ g5ial ( m51 ,"l ,cockburn1 = our guide1 we w&]$ f> up ! ,p5tl& ,hills4 ,aft] a r toilsome walk we rea*$ a fav\rite spot4 ,x 0 a semicircul> holl[ 9 ! hillside1 scoop$ out by ! %eep = %elt]4 ,x 0 c>pet$ & cu%ion$ ) a deep b$ ( wild ?yme1 r$ol5t ( ! v ess5ce ( rural fragrance4 ,we sat d[n 9 a semicircle1 our guide 9 ! middle4 ,he said 9 8 qua9t peculi> way1 ,"h ende? ! fir/ lesson4 ,aft] ga!r+ our brea?1 & settl+ ourselves to enjoy our well-e>n$ re/1 we sat 9 sil5ce = a "t4 ,! g5tle breeze blew pa/ u1 & we inhal$ ! fragrant air4 ,x 0 en\gh = a "t to look on1 = ! glori\s old city 0 be=e u1 ) its t[]s1 & spires1 & l(ty build+s betwe5 u & ! di/ance4 ,on "o side ,ar?ur's ,seat1 & on ! o!r ! ,ca/le1 ! cr[n ( ! city4 ,! view ext5d$ f> & wide--on to ! wat]s ( ! ,=? & ! blue hills ( ,fife4 ,! view is spl5didly describ$ by ,delta3 -- ,trac$ l a map1 ! l&scape lies ,9 cultur$ beauty1 /ret*+ wide3 ,"h ,p5tl&'s gre5 acclivities1-- ,!re ocean1 ) its swell+ tide1-- ,!re ,ar?ur's ,seat & gleam+ ?r\gh ,?y ,s\!rn w+1 ,dull ,ed9 blue6 ,:ile1 9 ! ,ori5t1 ,lamm]'s daught]s1-- ,a di/ant giant range1 are se52 ,nor? ,b]wick ,law1 ) cone ( gre51 ,& ,bass amid ! wat]s4 ,!n we began to crack1 our ho/ lead+ ! way ) 8 humor\s obs]vations4 ,aft] tak+ our fill ( re/ & talk1 we w5d$ our way d[n aga91 ) ! wimpl9' burn by our side1 fre% f ! pure spr+s ( ! hill1 :isp]+ its welcome to u4 ,we _h e>n$ a good appetite = d9n]1 :i* 0 %ortly laid be=e u4 ,! bill ( f>e 0 national1 & includ$ a haggis3 ,fair fa' y\r hone/ sonsie face1 ,great *iefta9 o' ! pudd9' race6 ,weel are ye wordy o'a grace ,z lang's my arm6 ,! haggis 0 admirably comp\nd$ & cook$1 & 0 s]v$ =? by our g5ial ho/ ) all appropriate accompanim5ts4 ,b ! mo/ enjoyable 0 ! conv]sation ( ,"l ,cockburn1 :o 0 a ma/] ( ! art--quick ready1 humor\s1 & full ( wit4 ,at la/1 ! day came to a close1 & we w5d$ our way t[>ds ! city4 ,let me1 h[ev]1 be=e conclud+1 say a few words 9 ref]5ce to my de> dep>t$ fri5d ,david ,oswald ,hill4 ,8 "n calls up _m recollections ( happy h\rs sp5t 9 8 company4 ,he 01 9 all respects1 ! inc>nation ( g5iality4 ,8 lively s5se ( hum\r1 comb9$ ) a romantic & poetic con/itution ( m9d1 & 8 f9e s5se ( ! beautiful 9 ,nature & art1 toge!r ) 8 k9dly & g5ial feel+1 made him1 all 9 all1 a mo/ agreeable fri5d & companion4 ,d4 ,o4 ,hill1 z he 0 g5]ally call$1 0 mu* atta*$ to my fa!r4 ,he 0 a v frequ5t visitor at our ,ed9burgh fireside1 & 0 ev] ready to jo9 9 our extemporis$ walks & jaunts1 :5 he w\ld ov]fl[ ) 8 k9dly sympa?y & hum\r4 ,he 0 a skilful draughtsman1 & possess$ a truly poetic feel+ = art4 ,8 designs = pictures 7 always attractive1 f ! f9e feel+ exhibit$ 9 _! composition & arrangem5t4 ,b someh[1 :5 he came to h&le ! bru%1 ! result 0 n always satisfactory--a defect n uncommon ) arti/s4 ,altoge!r1 he 0 a delightful companion & a /aun* fri5d1 & 8 dea? made a sad blank 9 ! arti/ic society ( ,ed9burgh4 ,,*apt] #ai4 ,m ab\t ,a/ronomy4 ,a/ronomy1 in/ead ( m]ely be+ an amusem5t1 became my *ief /udy4 ,x occupi$ _m ( my leisure h\rs4 ,desir\s ( hav+ ! advantage ( a ,reflect+ ,telescope ( l>ge ap]ture1 ,i con/ruct$ "o ( tw5ty-in*es diamet]4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! p]sonal risk & inconv5i5ce ( hav+ to m\nt to ! eye-piece by a ladd]1 ,i furni%$ ! telescope tube ) trunnions1 l a cannon1 ) "o ( ! trunnions holl[ s z to admit ( ! eye-piece4 ,opposite to x a pla9 diagonal mirror 0 plac$1 to transmit ! image to ! eye4 ,! :ole 0 m\nt$ on a turn-table1 hav+ a seat opposite to ! eye-piece1 z w be se5 9 ! engrav+ on ! o!r side4 ,image ,trunnion ,vision ,reflect+ telescope ( #bj-;in* diamet] m\nt$ on a turn-table4 ,! obs]v]1 :5 seat$1 c\ld direct ! telescope to any "p ( ! heav5s )\t mov+ f 8 seat4 ,al?\gh ?is arrangem5t occasion$ "s loss ( light1 t objection 0 m ?an comp5sat$ by ! great conv5i5ce :i* x af=d$ = ! prosecution ( ! special class ( obs]vations 9 :i* ,i 0 engag$ namely1 t ( ! ,sun1 ,moon1 & ,planets4 ,i wrote to my old fri5d ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 !n liv+ at ,/4 ,&rews1 9 #ahdi1 ab\t ?is improvem5t & he duly congratulat$ me ^u my devotion to a/ronomical sci5ce4 ,9 8 lett] to me he br\ght to m9d _m preci\s memories4 ,i recollect1 he said1 ) mu* pleasure ! _m happy h\rs t ,i sp5t 9 y\r fa!r's h\se2 & ev] s9ce ,i fir/ saw y 9 y\r little work%op at ,ed9burgh1--!n lay+ ! f\ndation ( y\r future =tunes1--,i h felt a deep int]e/ 9 y\r success1 & rejoic$ at y\r progress to weal? & reputation4 ,i h p]us$ ) mu* pleasure ! acc\nt y h s5t me ( y\r plan ( %ort5+ & mov+ l>ge telescopes1 & ,i %all /ate to y ! op9ion :i* ,i h =m$ ( x4 ,if y w look into ! article ',optics' 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,encyclop$ia 7vol4 xv4 p4 #fdc71 y w f9d an acc\nt ( :at has be5 previ\sly done to r$uce by "o-half ! l5g? ( reflect+ telescopes4 ,! advantage ( sub/itut+1 z y propose1 a convex = a plane mirror arises f two causes t a sph]ical surface is m easily execut$ ?an a plane "o2 & t ! sph]ical ab]ration ( ! l>g] speculum1 if x be sph]ical1 w be dim9i%$ by ! opposite ab]ration ( ! convex "o4 ,?is advantage1 h[ev]1 w disappe> if ! plane mirror ( ! old con/ruction is accurately plane2 & 9 y\r case1 if ! l>ge speculum is p>abolic & ! small "o elliptical 9 _! curvature4 ,! only objection to y\r con/ruction is ! loss ( light2 fir/ ( "o-f\r? ( ! :ole incid5t light by ob/ruction1 & !n "o-half ( ! rema9d] by reflection f ! convex mirror1 ?us r$uc+ #ajj rays ( incid5t light to #cg #a_/b be=e ! p5cil is ?r[n out ( ! tube by a prism or a ?ird reflector4 ,?is loss ( light1 x is true1 may be comp5sat$ by an additional in* or two to ! m>g9 ( ! l>ge speculum2 b /ill x is ! be/ "p ( ! l>ge speculum t is made unproductive by ! eclipse ( x by ! convex speculum4 ,) reg>d to ! me*anical contrivance :i* y propose = work+ ! in/rum5t1 ,i ?9k x is s+ul>ly +5i\s & beautiful1 & w comp5sate = any imp]fection 9 ! optical arrangem5ts :i* are r5d]$ necess>y = its adoption4 ,! application ( ! railway turn-table is v happy1 & n less s is ! extraction ( ! image ?r\gh ! holl[ trunnions4 ,i am mu* oblig$ to y = ! beautiful draw+ ( ! app>atus = gr9d+ & poli%+ specula1 inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,lassell & con/ruct$ by y\rself4 ,i %all be glad to he> ( y\r fur!r progress 9 ! con/ruction ( y\r telescope2 & ,i tru/ t ,i %all h ! pleasure ( meet+ y & ,mr4 ,lassell at ! ,birm+ham meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! same ye> 7#ahdi7 ,i s5t a model ( my ,trunnion turn-table telescope = exhibition at a lecture at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 giv5 by my old fri5d ,edw>d ,c[p]4 ,9 ! model ,i _h plac$ a neat little figure ( ! obs]v]1 b ! head _h un=tunately be5 brok5 (f dur+ its c>riage to ,london4 ,mrs4 ,nasmy? _h made ! we>+ app>el2 b ,edw>d ,c[p] wrote to h]1 be=e ! lecture1 t he _h put ,sir ,fireside ,brick all to rights 9 respect ( 8 g>b4 ,8 lett] aft] ! lecture 0 q *>act]i/ic4 ,! lecture1 he said1 w5t (f v well la/ night4 ,all ! models p]=m$ _! duty1 & 7 duly applaud$ = do+ s4 ,my new equatorial 0 approv$ ( by a/ronom]s & by in/rum5t-mak]s4 ,! la/ gun ,i fir$ 0 a h[itz]1 b m\nt$ swivel-gun fa%ion2 on a sort ( revolv+ plat=m1 or some?+ l a turn-table prop] --! gunn] at ! side ( ! c>riage4 ,d y "k any?+ ( ! k9d8 ,bang6 ,inv5t$ by "o ,nasmy?4 ,bang6 ,! obs]v] is sitt+ at ease2 ! />s are br\ght d[n to y in/ead ( y\r creep+ up a scaffold+ aft] ! />s4 ,well1 ! folks came to ! table aft] ! lecture1 & ',! ,nasmy? ,telescope' kept bang+ away = a qu>t] ( an h\r1 & 0 admir$ by ev]ybody4 ,! loss ( light 0 n mu* insi/$ on1 b x 0 said t y ran ! risk ( error ( =m 9 ?ree surfaces in/ead ( two4 ,i see t ,sir ,j4 ,s\? /ates t ,"l ,rosse w\ld increase ! light ( 8 telescope f five to sev5 by adopt+ ,h]s*el's plan4 ,de ,la ,rue 0 q delight$4 ,he said1 ',well1 ,i congratulate y on a mo/ spl5did lecture--,i _c call x any?+ else4' ,my fa!r1 :o takes v little int]e/ 9 ^! ?+s1 said1 ',well1 ,edw>d has made me und]/& m ab\t telescopes ?an ,i ev] did 9 my life4' ,! !atre 0 full1 gall]y & all4 ,!y 7 v att5tive1 & ,i nev] felt m com=table 9 a lecture4 ,i am happy to say t1 hav+ adm9i/]$ a dose ( cem5t to ,mrs4 ,nasmy?'s fri5d1 ,sir ,fireside ,brick ( ,gre5 ,lanes1 he is n[ 9 a convalesc5t /ate4 ,! lecture is to be repeat$ 9 ano!r =tnight4 ,) _m ?anks = y\r k9d assi/ance1 y\rs v s9c]ely1 ,,edw>d ,,c[p]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( my a/ronomical inquiries ,i _h occasion to consid] ! causes ( ! sun's light4 ,i obs]v$ ! rem>kable ph5om5a ( ! v>iable & "s times transitory brightness ( ! />s4 ,9 connection ) geology1 !re 0 ! evid5ce ( an arctic or glacial climate 9 regions :]e su* _c n[ naturally exi/2 ?us giv+ evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( a condition ( climate1 = ! explanation ( :i* we look 9 va9 = any at pres5t kn[n cause4 ,i wrote a pap] on ! subject1 :i* ,i s5t to ! ,a/ronomical ,society4 ,x 0 read 9 ,may #ahea4 ,9 t pap] ,i wrote z foll[s3 ,a c\rse ( obs]vations on ! sol> spots1 & on ! rem>kable features :i* f "t to "t appe> on ! sun's surface1 :i* ,i h exam9$ ) consid]able assiduity = sev]al ye>s1 _h 9 ! fir/ place l$ me to ent]ta9 ! foll[+ conclusion3 namely1 t :atev] be ! nature ( sol> light1 its ma9 s\rce appe>s to result f an action induc$ on ! ext]ior surface ( sol> sph]e1-- a conclusion 9 :i* ,i d\bt n all :o h att5tively pursu$ obs]vations on ! /ructure ( ! sun's surface w agree4 ,impress$ ) ! correctness ( ?is conclusion1 ,i 0 l$ to consid] :e!r we might n reasonably consid] ! true s\rce ( ! lat5t elem5t ( light to reside1 n 9 ! sol> orb1 b 9 space itself2 & t ! gr& function & duty ( ! sun 0 to act z an ag5t = br++ =? into vivid exi/5ce its due portion ( ! illum9at+ or lucif]\s elem5t1 :i* elem5t ,i suppose to be diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! b\ndless regions ( space1 & :i* 9 t case mu/ be exhau/less4 ,assum+1 !re=e1 t ! sun's light is ! result ( "s peculi> action by :i* x br+s =? into visible exi/5ce ! elem5t ( light1 :i* ,i conceive to be lat5t 91 & diffus$ ?r\gh\t space1 we h b to imag9e ! exi/5ce ( a v probable condition1 namely1 ! unequal diffusion ( ?is light-yield+ elem5t1 to cat* a glimpse ( a reason :y our sun may1 9 common ) 8 sol> bro!rhood1 9 "s portions ( 8 va/ /ell> orbit1 h pass$1 & may yet h to pass1 ?r\gh regions ( space1 9 :i* ! light-yield+ elem5t may ei!r ab\nd or be defici5t1 & s cause him to beam =? ) increas$ spl5d\r1 or fade 9 brilliancy1 j 9 proportion to ! ri*ness or pov]ty ( ?is suppos$ light-yield+ elem5t z may occur 9 ^? regions ( space ?r\gh :i* our sun1 9 common ) e /ell> orb1 has pass$1 is n[ pass+1 or is de/9$ to pass1 9 foll[+ up _! mighty orbits4 ,once admit t ?is light-yield+ elem5t resides 9 space1 & t x is n equally diffus$1 we may !n cat* a glimpse ( ! cause ( ! v>iable & transitory brightness ( />s1& m especially ( ^? :i* h be5 kn[n to beam =? ) su* extraord9>y spl5d\r1 & h aga9 s my/]i\sly fad$ away2 _m in/ances ( :i* ab\nd 9 hi/orical record4 ,f9ally1 9 ref]5ce to su* a /ate ( *ange hav+ come ov] our sun1 z indicat$ by ! exi/5ce ( a glacial p]iod1 z is n[ plac$ beyond d\bt by geological rese>*1 x appe>s to me no v wild /ret* ( analogy to suppose t 9 su* =m] p]iods ( ! e>?'s hi/ory our sun may h pass$ ?r\gh portions ( 8 /ell> orbit 9 :i* ! light-yield+ elem5t 0 defici5t1 & 9 :i* case 8 brilliancy w\ld h suff]$ ! :ile1 & an arctic climate 9 consequ5ce spread f ! poles t[>ds ! equator1 & ?us leave ! record ( su* a condition 9 glacial h&writ+ on ! ev]la/+ walls ( our m\nta9 rav9es1 ( :i* !re is su* abundant & unque/ionable evid5ce4 ,z be=e said1 x is ! exi/5ce ( su* facts z we h 9 />s ( transitory brightness1 & ! above nam$ evid5ce ( an arctic climate exi/+ 9 :at are n[ g5ial climates1 t r5d]s "s adequate cause to be look$ =4 ,i h accord+ly haz>d$ ! prec$+ rem>ks z sugge/ive ( a cause1 9 ! hope t ! subject may receive t att5tion :i* its deep int]e/ entitles x to obta94 ,?is view ( ! s\rce ( light1 z respects ! exi/5ce ( ! lucif]\s elem5t ?r\gh\t space1 accords ) ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( creation1 9 s f> z t light is describ$ z hav+ be5 creat$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance be=e ! sun 0 call$ =?4 ,dr ,siem5s read a pap] be=e ! ,royal ,society 9 ,m>* #ahhb1 on ,a ,new ,!ory ( ! ,sun4 ,8 views 9 _m respects co9cid$ ) m9e499 footnote444 ,int]/ell> space1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,siem5s1 is fill$ ) att5uat$ matt]1 consi/+ ( highly r>efi$ gase\s bodies-- includ+ hydrog51 oxyg51 nitrog51 c>bon1 & aque\s vap\r2 t ^! gase\s comp\nds are capable ( be+ dissociat$ by radiant sol> en]gy :ile 9 a /ate ( extreme att5uation2 & t ! vap\rs s dissociat$ are drawn t[>ds ! sun 9 consequ5ce ( sol> rotation1 are fla%$ into flame 9 ! photosph]e1 & r5d]$ back into space 9 ! condition ( products ( combu/ion4 ,) respect to ! influ5ce ( ! sun's light on geology1 ,dr4 ,siem5s says3 ,! effect ( ?is cont9u\s outp\r ( sol> mat]ials c\ld n be )\t v important influ5ces z reg>ds ! geological conditions ( our e>?4 ,geologi/s h long ackn[l$g$ ! difficulty ( acc\nt+ = ! am\nt ( c>bonic acid t mu/ h be5 9 our atmosph]e at "o "t or ano!r 9 ord] to =m ) lime ^? enorm\s b$s ( dolomite & lime/one ( :i* ! cru/ ( our e>? is 9 great measure compos$4 ,x has be5 calculat$ t if ?is c>bonic acid _h be5 at "o & ! same "t 9 our atmosph]e x w\ld h caus$ an ela/ic pressure fifty times t ( our pres5t atmosph]e2 & if we add ! c>bonic acid t mu/ h be5 absorb$ 9 vegetation 9 ord] to =m our coal-b$s we %\ld probably h to d\ble t pressure4 ,animal life1 ( :i* we _h abundant traces 9 ^! 'measures1' c\ld n h exi/$ "u su* conditions1 we are almo/ =c$ to ! conclusion t ! c>bonic acid mu/ h be5 d]iv$ f an ext]nal s\rce4 444 ,soon aft] my pap] 0 read1 ,"l ,murray ( ,h5d]l&1 an old fri5d1 !n a ,judge on ! ,scotti% ,b5*1 wrote to me z foll[s3 --,i %all be mu* oblig$ to y = a copy1 if y h a sp>e "o1 ( y\r pr9t$ note on ,light4 ,x is express$ ) great cle>ness & brevity4 ,if y wi% to h a quotation = x1 y may h rec\rse to ! bl9d ,milton1 :o has express$ y\r views 9 8 address to ,light3 -- ',hail1 holy ,light6 (fspr+ ( heav5 fir/-born ,or ( ! ,et]nal co-et]nal beam ,may ,i express !e unblam$8 s9ce ,god is light1 ,& nev] b 9 unapproa*$ light ,dwelt f et]nity--dwelt !n 9 !e1 ,bright efflu5ce ( bright ess5ce increate6' ,ab\t ! same "t ,sir ,?omas ,mit*ell1 ,surveyor ,g5]al ( ,au/ralia1 communicat$ 8 notions on ! subject4 ,my de> ,sir1 he wrote1 ,y\r k9d & valuable communications are z welcome to me z ! sun's light1 & ,i n[ ?ank y mo/ gratefully = ! la/1 ) its two enclosures4 ,^!1 & especially y\r views z to ! s\rce ( light1 af=d me new scope = satisfactory ?9k+--a sort ( treasure "o c always c>ry ab\t1 &1 unlike o!r treasures1 is mo/ valuable 9 ! solitude ( a des]t4 ,! beauty ( y\r !ory z to ! nature ( ! s\rce ( light is1 t x r supports all preconceiv$ notions respect+ ! s\l1 heav51 & an immortal /ate4 ,i /ill cont9u$ ! /udy ( a/ronomy4 ,! sun1 moon1 & planets yield$ to me an inexhau/ible s\rce ( delight4 ,i gaz$ at !m ) increas+ wond] & awe4 ,among ! glori\s objects :i* ! telescope reveals1 ! mo/ impressive is t ( ! />ry heav5s 9 a cle> d>k night4 ,:5 ,i direct$ my #bj-;in* reflect+ telescope almo/ at r&om to any "p ( ! firmam5t1 especially to any portion ( ! ,milky ,way1 ! sight ( myriads ( />s br\ght into view )9 ! field ( ! eye-piece 0 ov]p[]+ly sublime4 ,:5 x is consid]$ t e "o ( ^! />s :i* s bewild]+ly cr[d ! field ( vision is1 accord+ to rational probability1 &1 ,i might ev5 say1 absolute c]ta9ty1 are ,suns z va/ 9 magnitude z t :i* gives light to our globe1 & yet situat$ s inconceivably deep 9 ! abyss ( space z to appe> m9ute po9ts ( light ev5 to ! mo/ p[]ful telescope1 x w be felt :at a sublime subject appe>s be=e u4 ,turn ! telescope to any "p ( ! heav5s1 x is ! same4 ,let u suppose ourselves p]*$ ^u ! f>!/ /> :i* we are enabl$ to see by ! aid ( ! mo/ p[]ful telescope4 ,!re1 too1 we %\ld see c\ntless myriads ( ,suns1 roll+ along 9 _! appo9t$ orbits1 & ?us on & on ?r\gh\t et]nity4 ,:at an idea ( ! limitless ext5t ( ,creative ,p[]--fill+ up inf9ite space ) ! evid5ces ( ,8 ,almighty ,pres5ce6 ,! human m9d feels its utt] impot5cy 9 endeav\r+ to grasp su* a subject4 ,i also turn$ my att5tion to ! microscope4 ,9 #ahea ,i exam9$1 by ! aid ( ?is in/rum5t1 ! infusoria 9 ! ,bridgewat] ,canal4 ,i f\nd tw5ty-sev5 ( !m1 ( ! mo/ v>i$ =m1 col\r1 & movem5ts4 ,?is 0 almo/ z rem>kable a revelation z ! mighty ph5om5a ( ! heav5s4 ,i f\nd ^! liv+ ?+s mov+ ab\t 9 ! m9ute/ drop ( wat]4 ,! sight ( ! wond]ful range ( creative p[]--f ! myriads ( suns reveal$ by ! telescope1 to ! myriads ( mov+ organisms reveal$ by ! microscope--fill$ me ) unutt]ably dev\t wond] & awe4 ,moreov]1 x seem$ to me to conf] a glory ev5 ^u ! in/rum5ts ( human skill1 :i* elevat$ man to ! ,unse5 & ! ,div9e4 ,:5 we exam9e ! mo/ m9ute organisms1 we f9d cle> evid5ce 9 _! volunt>y p[]s ( motion t ^! creatures possess a w1 & t su* ,w mu/ be convey$ by a n]v\s sy/em ( an inf9itesimally m9ute description4 ,:5 we foll[ out su* a tra9 ( ?\ght1 & contra/ ! myriads ( suns & planets at "o extreme1 ) ! myriads ( m9ute organis$ atoms at ! o!r1 we _c b feel inexpressible wond] at ! transc5d5t range ( ,creative ,p[]4 ,%ortly aft]1 ,i s5t to ! ,royal ,a/ronomical ,society a pap] on ano!r equally wond]ful subject1 ,! ,rotatory ,movem5ts ( ! ,cele/ial ,bodies4 ,z ! pap] is n v long1 & z ,i endeav\r$ to illu/rate my ideas 9 a famili> mann]1 ,i may "h give x entire3 ,:at fir/ set me ?9k+ on ?is subject 0 ! endeav\r to get at ! reason ( :y wat] 9 a bas9 acquires a rotatory motion :5 a portion ( x is all[$ to escape ?r\gh a hole 9 ! bottom4 ,e well-tra9$ philosophical judgm5t is accu/om$ to obs]ve illu/rations ( ! mo/ sublime ph5om5a ( creation 9 ! mo/ m9ute & famili> op]ations ( ! ,creator's laws1 "o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic features ( :i* consi/s 9 ! absolute & wond]ful integrity ma9ta9$ 9 _! action :atsoev] be ! range z to magnitude or di/ance ( ! objects on :i* !y op]ate4 ,= in/ance1 ! m9ute p>ticles ( dew :i* :it5 ! grass-blade 9 e>ly morn are m\ld$ into sph]es by ! id5tical law :i* gives to ! mighty sun its globul> =m6 ,let u pass f ! rotation ( wat] 9 a bas9 to ! consid]ation ( ! p>ticles ( a nebul\s mass j summon$ into exi/5ce by ! fiat ( ! ,creator--! law ( gravitation coexi/+4 ,! fir/ mom5t ( ! exi/5ce ( su* a nebul\s mass w\ld be inaugurat$ by ! election ( a c5tre ( gravity1 &1 in/antly aft]1 e p>ticle ?r\gh\t ! entire mass ( su* nebulae w\ld t5d to & conv]ge t[>ds t c5tre ( gravity4 ,n[ let u consid] :at w\ld be ! result ( ?is4 ,x appe>s to me t ! inevitable consequ5ce ( ! conv]g5ce ( ! p>ticles t[>ds ! c5tre ( gravity ( su* a nebul\s mass w\ld n only result 9 ! =mation ( nucleus1 b by reason ( ! physical impossibility t all ! conv]g+ p>ticles %\ld arrive at ! focus ( conv]g5ce 9 directions p]fectly radial & diametrically opposite to ea* o!r1 h[ev] slight ! degree ( deviation f ! absolute diametrically opposite direction 9 :i* ! conv]g+ p>ticles coalesce at ! focus ( attraction1 a twi/+ action w\ld result1 & ,rotation ensue1 :i*1 once eng5d]$1 be its int5sity ev] s slight1 f t in/ant =w>d ! nucleus w\ld cont9ue to revolve1 & all ! p>ticles :i* its attraction w\ld subsequ5tly cause to coalesce ) x1 w\ld d s 9 directions tang5tial to its surface1 & n diametrically t[>ds its c5tre4 ,9 due c\rse ( "t ! entire ( ! rema9+ nebul\s mass w\ld become affect$ ) rotation f ! m rapidly mov+ c5tre1 & w\ld assume :at appe>s to me to be _! inh]5t normal condition1 namely1 spirality1 z ! prevail+ "* ( _! /ructure2 & z t is actually ! aspect :i* may be said to *>act]ise ! majority ( ^? m>vell\s nebulae1 z reveal$ to u by ,"l ,rosse's magnific5t telescope1 ,i am /rongly impress$ ) ! conviction t su* reasons z ,i h assign$ h be5 ! cause ( _! spiral aspect & arrangem5t4 ,& by foll[+ up ! same tra9 ( reason+1 x appe>s to me t we may cat* a glimpse ( ! primeval cause ( ! rotation ( e body ?r\gh\t ! regions ( space1 :e!r !y be nebulae1 />s1 d\ble />s1 or planet>y sy/ems4 ,! prim>y cause ( rotation :i* ,i h endeav\r$ to describe 9 ! prec$+ rem>ks is ess5tially cosmical1 & is ! direct & imm$iate (fspr+ ( ! action ( gravitation on matt] 9 a diffus$1 nebul\s1 &1 z su*1 highly mobile condition4 ,x w be obvi\s t 9 ! case ( a nebul\s mass1 ^: matt] is unequally di/ribut$1 t 9 su* a case sev]al sub-c5tres ( gravity w\ld be elect$1 t is to say1 ea* pat* ( nebul\s matt] w\ld h its own c5tre ( gravity2 b ^! 9 _! turn subord9ate to t ( ! common c5tre ( gravity ( ! :ole sy/em1 ab\t :i* all su* outlay+ p>ts w\ld revolve4 ,ea* ( ! portions above allud$ to w\ld ei!r be attract$ by ! sup]ior mass1 & pass 9 t[>ds x z a wisp ( nebul\s matt]1 or else e/abli% p]fect individual & di/9ct rotation )9 itself1 & f9ally revolve ab\t ! great common c5tre ( gravity ( ! :ole4 ,be>+ ?is 9 m9d1 & ref]r+ to "s ( ! figures ( ! m>vell\s spiral nebulae :i* ,"l ,rosse's telescope has reveal$ to u1 ,i %all n[ br+ ^! sugge/ions to a conclusion4 ,i h avoid$ exp&+ !m to ! ext5t ,i feel ! subject to be wor?y & capable (2 b ,i tru/ su* z ,i h (f]$ w be suffici5t to convey a pretty cle> idea ( my views on ?is sublime subject1 :i* ,i tru/ may receive ! c>eful consid]ation its nature entitles x to4 ,let any "o c>efully reflect on ! reason :y wat] assumes a rotatory motion :5 a portion ( x is p]mitt$ to escape f an ap]ture 9 ! bottom ( ! circul> vessel conta9+ x2 if !y w d s 9 ! "r _s1 ,i am fa9 to ?9k !y w arrive at ! same conclusion z ! contemplation ( ?is famili> ph5om5on has br\ght me to4 ,,bridgewat] ,,f\nd>y1 ,june #g1 #ahee4 ,i 0 pres5t at a meet+ ( ! ,geological ,society at ,man*e/] 9 #ahec1 9 ! discussions ( :i* ,i took "p4 ,i 0 mu* impress$ by an address ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,vaughan 7!n ,pr9cipal ( ! ,indep5d5t ,college at ,man*e/]71 :i* is z int]e/+ n[ z x 0 !n4 ,aft] ref]r+ to ! influ5ce :i* geological *anges _h produc$ ^u ! condition ( nations1 & ! moral results :i* oceans1 m\nta9s1 isl&s1 & cont95ts h _h ^u ! social hi/ory ( man1 he w5t on to say3 ,is n ?is isl& ( ours indebt$ to ^! great causes8 ,oh1 t bless$ geological accid5t t broke up a /rait betwe5 ,calais & ,dov]6 ,x looks b a little ?+2 x 0 a matt] to take place2 b h[ mighty ! moral results ^u ! condition & hi/ory ( ?is c\ntry1 &1 ?r\gh ?is c\ntry's influ5ce1 ^u humanity6 ,bridge ov] ! space betwe51 & y h directly ! huge cont95tal b>rack-y>d sy/em all ov] ,engl&4 ,& once get into ! condition ( a great cont95tal milit>y p[]1 & y get ! arbitr>y p[]2 y cramp d[n ! p1 & y unfit !m f be+ :at !y ought to be--,,free ,& all ! good influ5ces toge!r at "w 9 ?is c\ntry c\ld n h secur$ u aga9/ ?is1 b = t bless$ sep>ation betwe5 ?is ,isle & ! ,cont95t4 ,9 #ahec ,i 0 appo9t$ a memb] ( ! ,small ,arms ,committee = ! purpose ( re-modell+ &1 9 fact1 re-e/abli%+ ! ,small ,arms ,factory at ,enfield4 ,! wond]ful success ( ! ne$le gun 9 ! w> betwe5 ,prussia & ,d5m>k 9 #ahdh occasion$ "s al>m among/ our milit>y au?orities z to ! /ate ( affairs at home4 ,! ,duke ( ,well+ton to ! la/ proclaim$ ! suffici5cy ( ,br[n ,bess z a weapon ( (f5ce & def5ce2 b matt]s c\ld no long] be def]r$4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 ?\gh possess+ only a v small /&+ army1 _h e/abli%$ at ,spr+field a small arms factory1 :]e1 by ! use ( ma*9e tools specially design$ to execute ) ! mo/ un]r+ precision all ! details ( muskets & rifles1 !y 7 enabl$ to disp5se ) m]e manual dext]ity1 & to produce arms to any am\nt4 ,x 0 f9ally det]m9$ to improve ! musketry & rifle sy/ems ( ! ,engli% army4 ,! ,gov]nm5t resolv$ to introduce ! ,am]ican sy/em1 by :i* ,arms might be produc$ mu* m p]fectly1 & at a great dim9ution ( co/4 ,x 0 "u su* circum/ances t ! ,small ,arms ,committee 0 appo9t$4 ,colonel ,colt _h br\ght to ,engl& "s /rik+ examples ( ! admirable ma*9e tools us$ at ,spr+field1 & he e/abli%$ a manufactory at ,pimlico = ! production ( 8 well-kn[n revolv]s4 ,! committee resolv$ to make a p]sonal visit to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,factory at ,spr+field4 ,my own bus9ess engagem5ts at home prev5t$ me accompany+ ! memb]s :o 7 select$2 b z my fri5d ,john ,&]son 7n[ ,sir ,john71 act$ z _! guide1 ! committee _h 9 him a mo/ able & effective help]4 ,he direct$ _! att5tion to ! mo/ important & available details ( t admirable e/abli%m5t4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t act$ mo/ lib]ally 9 all[+ ! committee to obta9 e in=mation on ! subject2 & ! heads ( ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts1 :o 7 intellig5t & zeal\s1 r5d]$ !m e att5tion & civility4 ,! memb]s ( ! mission return$ home en?usia/ically delight$ ) ! results ( _! inquiry4,! committee imm$iately proce$$ ) ! entire re-modell+ ( ! ,small ,arms ,factory at ,enfield4 ,! work%ops 7 equipp$ ) a complete s]ies ( special ma*9e tools1 *iefly obta9$ f ! ,spr+field factory4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t also p]mitt$ sev]al ( _! be/ & workman & sup]9t5d5ts to take s]vice "u ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t4 ,su* 0 ! orig9 ( ! ,enfield rifle4 ,! weapon came z ne> to absolute p]fection z possible1 ,x 0 p]fect 9 action1 durable & excell5t 9 e respect ev5 9 x's conv]sion to ! bree*load] x is /ill "o ( ! be/ weapons4 ,x is impossible to give too mu* praise to ,sir ,john ,&]son & ,colonel ,dixon = ! untir+ & intellig5t zeal ) :i* !y c>ri$ out ! plans1 z well z = ! num]\s improvem5ts :i* !y introduc$4 ,^! h r5d]$ ! ,enfield ,small ,arms ,factory "o ( ! mo/ p]fect & be/ regulat$ e/abli%m5ts 9 ! k+dom4 ,,*apt] #bj4 ,retirem5t f ,bus9ess4 ,i _h be5 = "s "t contemplat+ ! possibility ( retir+ altoge!r f bus9ess4 ,i _h got en\gh ( ! _w's goods1 & 0 will+ to make way = y\ng] m54 ,b ,i f\nd x difficult to break loose f old associations4 ,l ! retir$ tall[-*&l]1 ,i might wi% to g back on melt+ days4 ,i _h "s correspond5ce ) my old fri5d ,david ,rob]ts1 ,royal ,academician1 on ! subject4 ,he wrote to me on ! #b;d ,june #ahec1 & said3 ,i rejoice to le>n1 f ! heal?y tone t brea!s ?r\gh\t y\r epi/le1 t y are z happy z e "o :o kn[s y wi%es y to be1 & z prosp]\s z y des]ve4 ,kn[+1 also1 z ,i d1 y\r feel+ = art & all t t5ds to raise & dignify man1 ,i mo/ s9c]ely congratulate y on ! prospect ( y\r be+ able to retire1 9 ! full vig\r ( manhood1 to foll[ out t sublime pursuit1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ! pa9t]'s art is b a fa9t glimm]+4 ',! ,l&scape ( o!r worlds' y alone h sket*$ = u1 & enlight5$ u on t ) :i* ! anci5t _w b gaz$ ^u & wor%ipp$ 9 ! symbol ( ,a/>te1 ,isis1 & ,diana4 ,we are matt]-(-fact n[1 & h outliv$ *ildhood4 ,:at say y to a photograph ( ^? wond]ful draw+s8 ,x may come to t499 footnote444 ,x did inde$ come to t1 = ,i %ortly aft] le>n$ ! art ( photography1 *iefly = ?is special purpose4 444 ,b ,i _h some?+ else yet to d 9 my special vocation4 ,9 #ahed ,i took out a pat5t = puddl+ iron by means ( /eam4 ,_m ( my read]s may n "k t ca/-iron is conv]t$ into malleable iron by ! process call$ puddl+4 ,! iron1 :ile 9 a molt5 /ate1 is viol5tly /irr$ & agitat$ by a /iff iron rod1 hav+ its end b5t l a hoe or flatt5$ hook1 by :i* e portion ( ! molt5 metal is expos$ to ! oxyg5 ( ! air1 & ! sup]*>ge ( c>bon :i* ! ca/ iron conta9s is ?us burnt out4 ,:5 ?is is effectually done ! iron becomes malleable & weldable4 ,?is /ate ( ! iron is indicat$ by a g5]al loss ( fluidity1 accompani$ by a t5d5cy to ga!r toge!r 9 globul> masses4 ,! puddl]1 by 8 dext]\s use ( ! end ( ! rabbl+ b>1 puts ! masses toge!r1 &1 9 fact1 welds ! new-born p>ticles ( malleable iron into puddle-balls ( ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a hundr$weight ea*4 ,^! are successively remov$ f ! pool ( ! puddl+ furnace1 & subject$ to ! en]getic bl[s ( ! /eam hamm]1 :i* drives out all ! scoriae lurk+ )9 ! spongy puddle-balls1 & ?us welds !m into compact masses ( malleable iron4 ,:5 reheat$ to a weld+ heat1 !y are roll$ out into flat b>s or r\nd rods1 9 a v>iety ( sizes1 s z to be suitable = ! consum]4 ,! manual & physical lab\r ( ! puddl] is t$i\s1 fatigu+1 & unheal?y4 ,! process ( puddl+ occupies ab\t an h\r's viol5t lab\r1 & only robu/ "y m5 c /& ! fatigue & viol5t heat4 ,i _h frequ5t opportunities ( obs]v+ ! lab\r & unheal?9ess ( ! process1 z well z ! great loss ( "t requir$ to br+ x to a conclusion4 ,x occurr$ to me t mu* ( ?is c\ld be avoid$ by employ+ "s o!r means = gett+ rid ( ! sup]flu\s c>bon1 & br++ ! molt5 ca/-iron into a malleable condition4 ,! me?od t occurr$ to me 0 ! sub/itution ( a small /eam pipe 9 ! place ( ! puddl]'s rabbl+ b>4 ,by hav+ ! end ( ?is /eam pipe b5t d[nw>ds s z to rea* ! bottom ( ! pool1 & !n to dis*>ge a curr5t ( /eam b5ea? ! surface ( ! molt5 ca/ iron1 ,i ?\ght t ,i %\ld by ?is simple means supply a mo/ effective c>bon-oxidat+ ag5t1 at ! same "t t ,i produc$ a p[]ful agitat+ action )9 ! pool4 ,?us ! /eam w\ld be decompos$ & supply oxyg5 to ! c>bon ( ! ca/-iron1 :ile ! me*anical action ( ! ru% ( /eam upw>ds w\ld cause s viol5t a commotion ?r\gh\t ! pool ( melt$ iron z to exce$ ! utmo/ ef=ts ( ! lab\r ( ! puddl]4 ,all ! gases w\ld pass up ! *imney ( ! puddl+ furnace1 & ! puddl] w\ld n be subject to _! influ5ce4 ,su* 0 ! me?od specifi$ 9 my pat5t ( l#hed99 footnote444 ,specification ( ,james ,nasmy?--,employm5t ( /eam 9 ! process ( puddl+ iron4 ,may #d1 #ahed2 ,no4 #ajja4 444 ,my fri5d1 ,?omas ,lev] ,ru%ton1 proprietor ( ! ,bolton ,ironworks1 0 s mu* impress$ ) ! s\ndness ( ! pr9ciple1 z well z ) ! great simplicity ( c>ry+ ! inv5tion into practical effect1 t he urg$ me to secure ! pat5t1 & he soon aft] gave me ! opportunity ( try+ ! process at 8 works4 ,! results 7 mo/ enc\rag+4 ,!re 0 a great sav+ ( lab\r & "t comp>$ ) ! old puddl+ process2 & ! malleable iron produc$ 0 f\nd to be ( ! highe/ ord] z reg>d$ /r5g?1 t\ghness1 & purity4 ,my process 0 soon aft] adopt$ by sev]al iron manufactur]s ) equally fav\rable results4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 ! en]gy ( ! /eam1 t unless ! workm5 7 mo/ c>eful to regulate its =ce & ! duration ( its action1 ! wa/e ( iron by undue oxidation 0 su* z 9 a great measure to neutralise its comm]cial ga9 z reg>d$ ! sup]ior value ( ! malleable iron ?us produc$4 ,be=e ,i _h "t or opportunity to remove ?is comm]cial difficulty1 ,mr4 ,bessem] _h secur$ 8 pat5t ( ! l#g? ( ,octob]1 #ahee4 ,by ?is pat5t he employ$ a bla/ ( air to d ! same "w z ,i _h propos$ to accompli% by means ( a bla/ ( /eam1 =c$ up b5ea? ! surface ( ! molt5 ca/ iron4 ,he add$ "s o!r improvem5ts1 ) t happy f]tility ( inv5tion :i* has always *>act]is$ him4 ,! results 7 s magnific5tly successful z to totally eclipse my process1 & to ca/ x comp>atively into ! %ade4 ,at ! same "t ,i may say t ,i 0 9 a measure ! pione] ( 8 inv5tion1 t ,i initiat$ a new sy/em1 & l$ to "o ( ! mo/ important improvem5ts 9 ! manufacture ( iron & /eel t has ev] be5 giv5 to ! _w4 ,mr4 ,bessem] br\ght ! subject ( 8 inv5tion be=e ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,*elt5ham 9 ! autumn ( #ahef4 ,!re he read 8 pap] ,on ! ,manufacture ( ,iron into ,/eel )\t ,fuel499 footnote444 ,on ! morn+ ( ! day on :i* ! pap] 0 to be read1 ,mr4 ,bessem] 0 sitt+ at breakfa/ at 8 hotel1 :5 an ironma/] 7to :om he 0 unkn[n7 said1 laugh+1 to a fri5d )9 8 he>+1 ,d y "k t !re is somebody come d[n f ,london to read u a pap] on mak+ /eel f ca/ iron )\t fuel8 ,did y ev] he> ( su* nons5se8 ,! title ( ! pap] 0 p]haps a misnom]1 b ! correctness ( ! pr9ciples on :i* ! pig iron 0 conv]t$ into malleable iron1 z expla9$ by ! inv5tor1 0 g5]ally recognis$1 & !re seem$ e reason to anticipate t ! process w\ld be=e long come into g5]al use4 444 ,i 0 pres5t on ! occasion1 & li/5$ to 8 /atem5t ) m+l$ feel+s ( regret & en?usiasm--( regret1 because ,i _h be5 s cle>ly sup]s$$ & excell$ 9 my p]=mances2 & ( en?usiasm--because ,i c\ld n b admire & hon\r ! g5ius :o _h giv5 s great an inv5tion to ! me*anical _w4 ,i imm$iately took ! opportunity ( giv+ my ass5t to ! pr9ciples :i* he _h prop\nd$4 ,my words 7 n report$ at ! "t1 nor 0 ,mr4 ,bessem]'s pap] pr9t$ by ! ,association1 p]haps because x 0 ?\ght ( s little importance b1 on apply+ to ,mr4 7n[ ,sir ,h5ry7 ,bessem]1 he 0 s k9d z to give me ! foll[+ z 8 recollection ( ! words :i* ,i us$ on ! occasion4 ,i %all ev] feel grateful1 says ,sir ,h5ry1 = ! noble way 9 :i* y spoke at ! meet+ at ,*elt5ham ( my inv5tion4 ,if ,i rememb] rightly1 y held up a piece ( my malleable iron1 say+ words to ?is effect3 ',"h is a true ,briti% nugget6 ,"h is a new process t promises to put an end to all puddl+2 & ,i may m5tion t at ?is mom5t !re are puddl+ furnaces 9 successful op]ation :]e my pat5t holl[ /eam ,rabbl] is at "w1 produc+ iron ( sup]ior quality by ! introduction ( jets ( /eam 9 ! puddl+ process4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 lay any claim to ?is inv5tion ( ,mr4 ,bessem]2 b ,i may fairly be entitl$ to say t ,i h advanc$ along ! road on :i* he has travell$ s _m miles1 & has effect$ su* unexpect$ results t ,i d n hesitate to say t ,i may g home f ?is meet+ & te> up my pat5t1 = my process ( puddl+ is assur$ly sup]s$$4' ,aft] giv+ an acc\nt ( ! true orig9 ( 8 process1 9 :i* he _h met ) failures z well z successes1 b at la/ recognis$ ! dec>buration ( pig iron by atmosph]ic air1 ,sir ,h5ry proce$s to say3 ,i prep>$ to try ano!r exp]im5t1 9 a crucible hav+ no hole ! ! bottom1 b :i* 0 provid$ ) an iron pipe put ?r\gh a hole 9 ! cov]1 & pass+ d[n ne>ly to ! bottom ( ! crucible4 ,! small lumps & gra9s ( iron 7 pack$ ar\nd fit1 s z ne>ly to fill ! crucible4 ,a bla/ ( air 0 to be =c$ d[n ! pipe s z to rise up among ! pieces ( granul> iron & p>tially dec>burise !m4 ,! pipe c\ld !n be )drawn1 & ! fire urg$ until ! metal ) its coat ( oxyde 0 fus$1 & ca/ /eel !reby produc$4 ,:ile ! bl[+ app>atus = ?is exp]im5t 0 be+ fitt$ up1 ,i 0 tak5 ) "o ( ^? %ort b pa9ful illnesses to :i* ,i 0 subject at t "t4 ,i 0 conf9$ to my b$1 & x 0 !n t my m9d1 dwell+ = h\rs toge!r on ! exp]im5t ab\t to be made1 sugge/$ t in/ead ( try+ to dec>burise ! granulat$ metal by =c+ ! air d[n ! v]tical pipe among ! pieces ( iron1 ! air w\ld act mu* m en]getically & m rapidly if ,i fir/ melt$ ! iron 9 ! crucible1 & =c$ ! air d[n ! pipe bel[ ! surface ( ! fluid metal1 & ?us burn out ! c>bon & silicum :i* x conta9$4 ,?is appe>$ s feasible1 & 9 e way s great an improvem5t1 t ! exp]im5t on ! granul> pieces 0 at once ab&on$1 &1 z soon z ,i 0 well en\gh1 ,i proce$$ to try ! exp]im5t ( =c+ ! air "u ! fluid metal4 ,! result 0 m>vell\s4 ,complete dec>buration 0 effect$ 9 half an h\r4 ,! heat produc$ 0 imm5se1 b1 un=tunately m ?an half ! metal 0 bl[n out ( ! pot4 ,?is l$ to ! use ( pots ) l>ge holl[ p]=at$ cov]s1 :i* effectually prev5t$ ! loss ( metal4 ,^! exp]im5ts cont9u$ f ,janu>y to ,octob] #ahee4 ,i h by me on ! mantelpiece at ?is mom5t1 a small piece ( roll$ b> iron :i* 0 roll$ at ,woolwi* ars5al1 & exhibit$ a ye> lat] at ,*elt5ham4 ,i !n appli$ = a pat5t1 b be=e prep>+ my provisional specification 7dat$ ,octob] #ag1 #ahee71 ,i se>*$ = o!r pat5ts to asc]ta9 :e!r any?+ ( ! sort _h be5 done be=e4 ,i !n f\nd y\r pat5t = puddl+ ) ! /eam rabble1 & also ,m>t9's pat5t = ! use ( /eam 9 gutt]s :ile molt5 iron 0 be+ convey$ f ! bla/ furnace to a f9]y1 !re to be ref9$ 9 ! ord9>y way prior to puddl+4 ,i !n tri$ /eam 9 my ca/ /eel process1 alone1 & also mix$ ) air4 ,i f\nd t x cool$ ! metal v mu*1 & ( itself c\ld n be us$1 z x always produc$ solidification4 ,i 0 nev]!less advis$ to claim ! use ( /eam z well z air 9 my p>ticul> process 7le/ x might be us$ aga9/ me71 at ! same "t disclaim+ its employm5t = any purpose except 9 ! production ( fluid malleable iron or /eel4 ,& ,i h no d\bt x is to ?is fact t ,i ref]r$ :5 speak+ to y on ! occasion y m5tion4 ,i h deem$ x be/ t ! exact tru?--s f> z a %ort hi/ory c give x--%\ld be giv5 at once to y1 :o are s true & c&id4 ,_h x n be5 = y & ,m>t9 ,i %\ld probably nev] h propos$ ! use ( /eam 9 my process1 b ! use ( air came by degrees1 j 9 ! way ,i h describ$4 ,x 0 ?or\ghly consi/5t ) ,mr4 ,bessem]'s k9dly feel+s t[>ds me1 t1 aft] our meet+ at ,*elt5ham1 he made me an (f] ( "o-?ird %>e ( ! value ( 8 pat5t4 ,?is w\ld h be5 ano!r =tune to me4 ,b ,i _h already made money en\gh4 ,i 0 j !n tak+ d[n my signbo>d & leav+ bus9ess4 ,i did n ne$ to plunge into any su* tempt+ ent]prise1 & ,i !re=e ?ankfully decl9$ ! (f]4 ,_m long ye>s ( pleasant toil & ex]tion _h done _! "w4 ,a full mom5tum ( prosp]ity _h be5 giv5 to my eng9e]+ bus9ess at ,patricr(t4 ,my %>e 9 ! f9ancial results accumulat$ ) accel]at$ rapidity to an am\nt f> beyond my mo/ sangu9e hopes4 ,b f9d+1 f long cont9u$ & incessant m5tal ef=ts1 t my n]v\s sy/em 0 beg9n+ to become %ak51 especially 9 reg>d to an affection ( ! eyes1 :i* 9 "s respects damag$ my sight1 ,i ?\ght ! "t _h arriv$ = me to retire f comm]cial life4 ,"s ( my fri5ds advis$ me to slack (f1 & n to retire entirely f ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry4 ,b to d s 0 n 9 my nature4 ,i c\ld n be indiff]5t to any conc]n 9 :i* ,i 0 engag$4 ,i mu/ give my m9d & he>t to x z be=e4 ,i c\ld n give half to leisure1 & half to bus9ess4 ,i !re=e conclud$ t a f9al decision 0 necess>y4 ,=tunately ,i possess$ an abundant & v>i\s /ock ( hobbies4 ,i held all ^! 9 res]ve to fall back ^u4 ,!y w\ld furni% me ) an almo/ inexhau/ible s\rce ( heal?y employm5t4 ,!y might give me occupation = m9d & body z long z ,i liv$4 ,i be?\ght me ( ! l9es ( ,burns3 ,wi' /eady aim "s ,=tune *ase2 ,ke5 hope does ev'ry s9ew brace2 ,?ro' fair1 ?ro' f\l1 !y urge ! race1 ,& seize ! prey3 ,!n cannie1 9 "s cosy place1 ,!y close ! day4 ,x 0 no d\bt a great sorr[ = me & my de> wife to leave ! ,home 9 :i* we _h be5 s happy & prosp]\s = s _m ye>s4 ,x 0 a cosy little cottage at ,patricr(t4 ,we _h nam$ x ,fireside4 ,x 0 small1 b suitable = our requirem5ts4 ,we nev] ne$$ to enl>ge x1 = we _h no *ildr5 to accommodate4 ,x 0 )9 five m9utes' walk ( ! ,f\ndry1 & ,i 0 sc>cely ev] out ( rea* ( ! ,fireside1 :]e we 7 bo? s happy4 ,x _h be5 sanctifi$ by our unit$ love = ?irte5 ye>s4 ,x 0 surr\nd$ by a nice g>d51 plant$ ) trees & %rubs4 ,?\gh close to ! ,bridgewat] ,canal1 & a busy manufactur+ population 0 n f> (f1 ! cottage 0 p]fectly quiet4 ,x 0 9 ?is g>d51 :5 ,i 0 arrang+ ! telescope at night1 t ,i _h be5 detect$ by ! pass+ boatman z ,! ,patricr(t ,gho/ ,:5 we 7 ab\t to leave ,patricr(t1 ! ,c\ntess ( ,ellesm]e1 :o1 z well z ! ,e>l1 _h always be5 our atta*$ fri5ds1 wrote to my wife z foll[s3 ,i c well und]/& ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s satisfaction at ! emancipation he looks =w>d to 9 ,decemb] next4 ,b ,i hope y d n expect u to %>e x6 = :at is s mu* natural pleasure to y is a sad loss & privation to u4 ,i really don't "k h[ we %all get on at ,worsley )\t y4 ,y h nev]!less my mo/ s9c]e & he>ty good wi%es t ! *ange may be z grateful to y bo? z any?+ 9 ?is _w c be4 ,yet we _h to te> ourselves away f ?is abode ( peace & happ9ess4 ,i _h giv5 notice to my p>tn]99 footnote444 ,! ,p>tn] "h ref]r$ to1 0 my excell5t fri5d ,h5ry ,g>nett1 ,esq41 ( ,wyre ,side1 ne> ,lanca/]4 ,he _h be5 my sleep+ p>tn] or ,co4 = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s1 & ! mo/ p]fect h>mony always exi/$ betwe5 u4 444 t x 0 my int5tion to retire f bus9ess at ! end ( #ahef4 ,! necess>y arrangem5ts 7 accord+ly made = c>ry+ on ! bus9ess aft] my retirem5t4 ,all 0 pleasantly & satisfactorily settl$ sev]al mon?s be=e ,i f9ally left2 & ! "* & prosp]ity ( ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry h be5 cont9u$ to ! pres5t day4 ,b :]e 0 ,i to turn to = a settl$ home8 ,_m ye>s be=e ,i _h se5 a *>m+ picture by my bro!r ,patrick ( ,a ,cottage 9 ,k5t ,x took su* a hold ( my memory & imag9ation t ,i nev] ceas$ to ent]ta9 ! long+ & ambition to possess su* a cottage z a cosy place ( refuge = ! re/ ( my life4 ,accord+ly1 ab\t six mon?s be=e my f9al retirem5t1 ,i accompani$ my wife 9 a visit to ! s\?4 ,9 ! fir/ place we made a c>eful selection f ! adv]tisem5ts 9 ! ,times ( desirable resid5ces 9 ,k5t4 ,"o 9 p>ticul> appe>$ v tempt+4 ,we set out to view x4 ,x seem$ to embody all ! conditions t we _h pictur$ 9 our imag9ation z necess>y to fulfil ! idea ( our ,cottage 9 ,k5t4 ,x _h be5 ! prop]ty ( ,f4 ,r4 ,lee1 ! ,royal ,academician4 ,) a few alt]ations & additions x w\ld entirely answ] our purpose4 ,s we b\ght ! prop]ty4 ,i may m5tion t :5 ,i retir$ f bus9ess1 & took out ( x ! =tune t _h accumulat$ dur+ my tw5ty-two ye>s ( assidu\s att5tion & lab\r1 ,i inve/$ ! bulk ( x 9 ,?ree p] c5t ,consols4 ,! rate ( int]e/ 0 n high1 b x 0 nev]!less secure4 ,high int]e/1 z e "o kn[s1 means riskful security4 ,i desir$ to h no anxiety ab\t ! s\rce ( my income1 su* z might h9d] my enjoy+ ! re/ ( my days 9 ! active leisure :i* ,i desir$4 ,i _h = "s "t be=e my retirem5t be5 inve/+ 9 consols1 :i* my de> wife t]m$ ! true antibili\s /ock1 & ,i h ev] s9ce _h good reason to be satisfi$ ) t safe & tranquillis+ inve/m5t4 ,all :o value ! heal?-cons]v+ influ5ce ( ! abs5ce ( f9ancial worry w agree ) me t ?is antibili\s /ock is ab\t ! be/4 ,! ,cottage 9 ,k5t 0 beautiful1 especially 9 its rural surr\nd+s4 ,! view f x 0 *>m+1 & embodi$ all ! attractive elem5ts ( happy-look+ ,engli% sc5]y4 ,! noble old =e/ trees ( ,p5%ur/ ,p>k 7 close alongside1 & ! gr& old hi/oric mansion ( ,p5%ur/ ,place 0 )9 a qu>t] ( a mile's di/ance f our h\se4 ,!re 7 _m o!r beautiful p>ks & c\ntry resid5ces 9 our neighb\rhood2 ! railway /ation1 :i* 0 )9 ?irty-five m9utes' pleasant walk1 enabl+ u to be )9 rea* ( ,london1 ) its innum]able attractions1 9 little m ?an an h\r & a qu>t]4 ,six acres ( g>d5-gr\nd at fir/ surr\nd$ our cottage1 b ^! 7 aft]w>ds exp&$ to sixte52 & ! :ole 0 made beautiful by ! plant+ ( trees & %rubs ov] ! gr\nds4 ,9 all ?is my wife & myself took ! greate/ delight4 ,image ,hamm]field1 ,p5%ur/4 ,f my h]$it>y reg>d = hamm]s--two brok5 hamm]-%afts be+ ! cre/ ( our family = hundr$s ( ye>s--,i nam$ ! place ,hamm]field2 & s x rema9s to ?is day4 ,! improvem5ts & additions to ! h\se & ! gr\nds 7 consid]able4 ,a gre5h\se 0 built1 #abj feet long by #cb feet wide4 ,roomy ap>tm5ts 7 add$ to ! h\se4 ,! trees & %rubs plant$ ab\t ! gr\nds 7 c>efully select$4 ,! conif]ae class 7 my special fav\rites4 ,i arrang$ !m s t _! natural v>iety ( t9ts %\ld =m ! mo/ pleas+ contra/s4 ,9 ?is respect ,i introduc$ ! bee*-tree ) ! happie/ effect4 ,x is bright gre5 9 spr+1 & 9 ! autumn x reta9s its beautiful ruddy-t9t$ leaves until ! end ( w9t]1 :5 !y are aga9 replac$ by ! new gr[?4 ,! w>m t9t ( ! bee* contra/s beautifully ) ! bright gre5 ( ! conif]ae1 especially ( ! ,lawsoniania & ! ,d\glassi-- ! latt] be+ "o ( ! f9e/ accessions to our li/ ( conif]s4 ,x is graceful 9 =m1 & p]fectly h>dy4 ,i also int]sp]s$ ) ^! sev]al bir*-trees1 ^: sl5d] & graceful habit ( gr[? =ms s f9e a contra/ to ! d5se foliage ( ! conif]s4 ,to ?us pa9t1 z x 71 ) trees1 is a high s\rce ( pleasure 9 g>d5+4 ,among my v>i\s enjoym5ts ?is has be5 ab\t ! greate/4 ,dur+ ! "t t ! alt]ations & enl>gem5ts 7 9 progress we r5t$ a h\se = six mon?s at ,syd5ham1 close to ! beautiful gr\nds ( ! ,cry/al ,palace4 ,?is 0 a mo/ happy episode 9 our lives1 =1 besides ! great attractions ( ! place1 bo? inside & out1 !re 7 ! admirable or*e/ral daily conc]ts1 at :i* we 7 con/ant att5dants4 ,we _h ! pleasure ( li/5+ to ! noble compositions ( ! great ma/]s ( music1 ! p]fectly tra9$ b& be+ l$ by ,h]r ,manns1 :o ?r[s s mu* ( 8 f9e natural ta/e & en?usia/ic _s into ! productions z to give !m e possible *>m4 ,f a v e>ly p]iod ( my life ,i h d]iv$ ! highe/ enjoym5t f li/5+ to music1 especially to melody1 :i* is to me ! mo/ pleas+ =m ( composition4 ,:5 ,i h ! opportunity ( li/5+ to su* k9d ( music1 x yields me enjoym5t t transc5ds all o!rs4 ,x sugge/s ideas1 & br+s vividly be=e ! m9d's eye sc5es t move ! imag9ation4 ,?is is1 to me1 ! highe/ ord] ( excell5ce 9 musical composition4 ,i us$ long ago1 & /ill cont9ue1 to :i/le a bit1 especially :5 engag$ 9 "s pleasant occupation4 ,i c draw f my m5tal repository a va/ numb] ( airs & c]ta9 bits ( compositions t ,i _h once he>d4 ,i possess t important qualification = a musician--a good e>2 & ,i always work$ mo/ successfully at a me*anical draw+ :5 ,i 0 engag$ 9 :i/l+ "s fav\rite air4 ,! dual occupation ( ! bra9 _h always ! be/ results 9 ! quick developm5t ( ! con/ructive faculty4 ,& ev5 9 circum/ances :]e :i/l+ is n all[$ ,i c ?9k airs1 & enjoy !m almo/ z mu* z :5 !y are di/9ctly audible4 ,?is p[] ( ! bra91 ,i am fa9 to believe1 indicates ! natural exi/5ce ( ! true musical faculty4 ,b ,i _h be5 s busy dur+ ! c\rse ( my life t ,i _h nev] any opportunity ( le>n+ ! practical use ( any musical in/rum5t4 ,& "h ,i mu/ leave ?is int]e/+ subject4 ,s soon z ,i 0 9 due possession ( my h\se1 ,i _h spe$ily transport$ ?i!r all my art treasures--my telescopes1 my home /ock ( tools1 ! in/rum5ts ( my own con/ruction1 made f ! v beg9n+ ( my c>e] z a me*anic1 & associat$ ) ! mo/ int]e/+ & active p>ts ( my life4 ,i lov+ly treasur$ !m1 & gave !m an hon\r$ place 9 ! work%op :i* ,i add$ to my resid5ce4 ,!re !y are n[1 & ,i (t5 sp5d a busy & delightful h\r 9 h&l+ my tools4 ,x is curi\s h[ ! m]e sight ( su* objects br+s back to ! memory bygone incid5ts & recollections4 ,fri5ds long dead seem to />t up :ile look+ at !m4 ,y almo/ feel z if y c\ld conv]se ) ! dep>t$4 ,i d n "k ( any?+ s t\*+ly p[]ful 9 vividly br++ back ! treasur$ incid5ts & memories ( "o's life z ! sight ( su* humble objects4 ,e "o has1 no d\bt1 a treasur$ /ore ( su* mat]ial records ( a well-rememb]$ portion ( 8 pa/ life4 ,^! /rike1 z x 71 ! keynote to ?\ghts t br+ back 9 vivid =m ! mo/ *]i%$ remembrances ( our lives4 ,on _m occasions ,i h se5 at sale rooms long treasur$ ho>ds ( su* objects ?r[n toge!r 9 a heap z m]e rubbi%4 ,& yet ^! _h be5 to "s ! s\rces ( _m pleasant ?\ghts & recollections1 ,b ! la/ f9al break-up has come1 & ! p]sonal belong+s ( "s dep>t$ k9d he>t are scatt]$ f> & wide4 ,^! t\*+ relics ( a long life1 :i* _h almo/ become "p ( himself1 are knock$ d[n to ! l[e/ class ( bidd]s4 ,x is a sad sight to witness ! unc>$ = disp]sion ( su* objects--objects t _h be5 lov+ly /or$ up z ! mo/ valu$ ( p]sonal treasures4 ,i c\ld h wi%$ t1 z 0 ! practice 9 remote antiquity1 su* t\*+ relics 7 buri$ ) ! dead1 z _! mo/ fitt+ repository4 ,!n !y might h left "s record1 in/ead ( be+ desecrat$ by ! h>pies :o wait at sales = su* job lots4 ,behold u1 !n1 settl$ d[n at ,hamm]field = life4 ,we _h pl5ty to d4 ,my work%op 0 fully equipp$4 ,my hobbies 7 !re1 & ,i c\ld "w !m to my he>t's cont5t4 ,! walls ( our v>i\s rooms 7 soon hung ) pictures1 & o!r works ( art1 sugge/ive ( _m pleasant associations ( =m] days4 ,our libr>y book-case 0 cr[d$ ) old fri5ds1 9 ! %ape ( books t _h be5 read & re-read _m times1 until !y _h become almo/ "p ( ourselves4 ,old ,lanca%ire fri5ds made _! way to u :5 up 9 t[n1 & express$ !mselves delight$ ) our pleasant h\se & its beautiful surr\nd+s4 ,! cont9u\s plant+ ( ! %rubs & trees gave u great pleasure4 ,^? already plant$ _h gr[n luxuriantly1 f$ by ! f]tile soil & ! pure air4 ,inde$1 9 c\rse ( "t !y requir$ ! judici\s use ( ! axe 9 ord] to all[ ! fitte/ to survive & gr[ at _! own free w4 ,trees contrive to manage _! own affairs )\t ! necessity ( mu* lab\r or int]f]5ce4 ,! survival ( ! fitte/ prevails "h z else:]e4 ,x is always a pleasure to wat* !m4 ,!re are _m ord9>y old-fa%ion$ roadside fl[]+ plants :i* ,i e/eem = _! vigor\s beauty1 & ,i enjoy see+ !m assume ! c>eless grace ( ,nature4 ,! gre5h\se is also a s\rce ( pleasure1 especially to my de> wife4 ,x is full ( fl[]s ( all k9ds1 ( :i* %e is devot$ly fond4 ,!y supply h] ) subjects = h] bru% or h] ne$le4 ,%e bo? pa9ts !m & works !m by h] ne$le 9 beautiful =ms & gr\ps4 ,?is is "o ( h] _m fav\rite hobbies4 ,all ?is is suitable to our fireside employm5ts1 & makes ! days & ! ev5+s pass pleasantly away4 ,,*apt] #ba4 ,active leisure4 ,:5 ,james ,watt retir$ f bus9ess t[>ds ! close ( 8 useful & admirable life1 he spoke to 8 fri5ds ( occupy+ himself ) +5i\s trifles1 & ( turn+ "s ( 8 idle ?\ghts ^u ! inv5tion ( an ari?metical ma*9e & a ma*9e = copy+ sculpture4 ,^! & o!r useful works occupi$ 8 att5tion = _m ye>s4 ,x 0 ! same ) myself4 ,i _h good heal? 7:i* ,watt _h n7 & abundant en]gy4 ,:5 ,i retir$ f bus9ess ,i 0 only =ty-eight ye>s old1 :i* may be consid]$ ! prime ( life4 ,b ,i _h pl5ty ( hobbies1 p]haps ! *ief ( :i* 0 ,a/ronomy4 ,no soon] _h ,i settl$ at ,hamm]field ?an ,i _h my telescopes br\ght out & m\nt$4 ,! f9e cle> skies ) :i* we 7 fav\r$1 furni%$ me ) abundant opportunities = ! use ( my in/rum5ts4 ,i began aga9 my inve/igations on ! ,sun & ! ,moon1 & made "s orig9al discov]ies1 ( :i* m anon4 ,e>ly 9 ! ye> #aheh ,i receiv$ a press+ invitation f ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,ed9burgh ,philosophical ,society to give a lecture be=e _! memb]s on ! ,/ructure ( ! ,lun> ,surface4 ,z ! subject 0 a fav\rite "o ) me1 & z ,i _h cont9u$ my inve/igations & increas$ my /ore ( draw+s s9ce ,i _h la/ appe>$ be=e an ,ed9burgh audi5ce1 ,i *e]fully compli$ ) _! reque/4 ,i accord+ly gave my lecture be=e a cr[d$ meet+ 9 ! ,que5 ,/reet ,lecture ,hall4 ,! audi5ce appe>$ to be s e>ne/ly int]e/$ by ! subject t ,i (f]$ to appe> be=e !m on two successive ev5+s & give any viva voce explanations ab\t ! draw+s :i* ^? pres5t might desire4 ,?is deviation f ! =mality ( a regul> lecture 0 att5d$ ) ! happie/ results4 ,ed9burgh always supplies a highly-intellig5t audi5ce1 & ! clev]e/ & brighte/ 7 ready ) _! que/ions4 ,i 0 ?us enabl$ to elucidate ! lecture & to exp& _m ( ! mo/ int]e/+ po9ts connect$ ) ! moon's surface1 su* z might =m]ly h appe>$ obscure4 ,^! que/ion+ lectures gave ! highe/ satisfaction4 ,!y satisfi$ myself z well z ! audi5ce1 :o w5t away fill$ ) ! mo/ graphic in=mation ,i c\ld give !m on ! subject4 ,b n ! lea/ int]e/+ "p ( my visit to ,ed9burgh on ?is occasion 0 ! r5ew$ int]c\rse :i* ,i enjoy$ ) _m ( my old fri5ds4 ,among ^! 7 my v5]able fri5d ,pr(essor ,pillans1 ,*>les ,macl>5 7editor ( ! ,scotsman71 & ,rob]t ,*amb]s4 ,we _h a long d&] toge!r ?r\gh ! ,old ,t[n1 our talk be+ 9 broad ,scot*4 ,pillans 0 "o ( ! f9e old ,ed9burgh ,lib]als1 :o /uck to 8 pr9ciples ?r\gh good report & ?r\gh evil4 ,9 8 position z ,rector ( ! ,high ,s*ool1 he _h giv5 r>e evid5ce ( 8 excell5ce z a classical s*ol>4 ,he 0 aft]w>ds promot$ to be a ,pr(essor 9 ! ,univ]sity4 ,he _h z 8 pupils "s ( ! mo/ excell5t m5 ( my "t4 ,among/ 8 intimate fri5ds 7 ,sydney ,smi?1 ,br\gham1 ,jeffrey1 ,cockburn--m5 :o gave s special a "* to ! ,ed9burgh society ( t "t4 ,we _h a delightful /roll ?r\gh "s ( ! mo/ rem>kable p>ts ( ! ,old ,t[n1 ) ,rob]t ,*amb]s z our guide4 ,we next m\nt$ ,ar?ur's ,seat to obs]ve "s ( ! manife/ations ( volcanic action1 :i* _h giv5 su* a rem>kable /ructure to ! m\nta94 ,on ?is subject1 ,*>les ,macl>5 0 "o ( ! be/ liv+ exp\nd]s4 ,he 0 an admirable geologi/1 & _h closely obs]v$ ! features ( volcanic action r\nd 8 native city4 ,rob]t ,*amb]s !n took u to see ! glacial groov$ rocks on ano!r "p ( ! m\nta94 ,on ?is subject he 0 a ma/]4 ,x 0 a va/ treat to me to see ^? di/9ct evid5ces ( actions s remotely sep>at$ 9 po9t ( geological "t--9 respect to :i* ev5 a million ( ye>s is a humble approximate unit99 footnote444 ,x is to our ev]-dropp+ climate1 ) its hundr$ & fifty-two days ( annual ra91 t we owe our vegetable m\ld ) its ri* & beaute\s mantle ( sw>d & foliage4 ,& next1 /ripp+ f (f ! l&scape its s&s & gravels1 we see its und]ly+ b\ld]-clays1 d+y & gray1 & "h pres5t+ _! va/ ice-borne /ones1 & !re its iceb]g pavem5ts4 ,& ^! clays 9 turn /ripp$ away1 ! b>e rocks appe>1 v>i\s 9 col\r & unev5 9 surface1 b ev]y:]e groov$ & poli%$1 f ! sea level & b5ea? x1 to ! height ( m ?an a ?\s& feet1 by evid5tly ! same ag5t t c>e]$ along ! pavem5ts & transport$ ! great /ones4 ,,hugh ,,mill]',s ,geological ,features ( ,ed9burgh & its ,neighb\rhood4 444 ,:at a f9e subject = a picture ! gr\p w\ld h made6 ) ! great volcanic summit ( ! m\nta9 beh9d1 ! noble romantic city 9 ! ne> di/ance1 & ! animat$ intellig5t c\nt5aces ( ! demon/rators1 ) ! v5]able ,pillans eag]ly li/5+--= ! ,pr(essor 0 !n 9 8 eighty-eigh? ye>4 ,i _h ! happ9ess ( receiv+ a visit f him at ,hamm]field 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,he 0 /ill hale & active2 & al?\gh ,i 0 comp>atively a boy to him1 he 0 z bright & cle>-head$ z he _h be5 =ty ye>s be=e4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! same ye> ,i accompani$ my wife & my si/] ,*>lotte on a visit to ! ,cont95t4 ,x 0 _! fir/ soj\rn 9 =eign p>ts4 ,i 0 able1 9 "s respects1 to act z _! guide4 ,our visit to ,p>is 0 mo/ agreeable4 ,dur+ ! ?ree weeks we 7 !re1 we visit$ ! ,l\vre1 ! ,luxemb\rg1 ,v]sailles1 & ! p>ts r\nd ab\t4 ,we made _m visits to ! ,hotel ,cluny1 & inspect$ its mo/ int]e/+ cont5ts1 z well z ! ,roman ba?s & t "p ( ! build+ devot$ to ,roman antiquities4 ,we 7 especially delight$ ) ! ap>tm5ts ( ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is1 n[ hung ) f9e old tape/ry & provid$ ) au!ntic specim5s ( m$iaeval furniture4 ,! qua9t old cab9ets 7 beautiful /udies2 & _m arti/s 7 at "w pa9t+ !m 9 oil4 ,ev]y?+ 0 9 h>mony4 ,:5 ! sun %one 9 ?r\gh ! w9d[s 9 long beams ( col\r$ light1 illum9at+ portions ( ! antique furniture1 ! pictures 7 p]fect4 ,we 7 mu* int]e/$ also by ! *apel 9 :i* ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots 0 m>ri$ to ! ,dauph94 ,x is /ill 9 complete pres]vation4 ,! ,go?ic details ( ! *apel are q a /udy2 & ! :ole ( ^! & ! cont5ts ( ?is int]e/+ ,museum =m a s*ool ( art ( ! be/ k9d4 ,f ,p>is we paid a visit to ,*>tres1 :i* conta9s "o ( ! mo/ magnific5t ca!drals 9 ,france4 ,its dim5sions are va/1 its proportions are elegant1 & its pa9t$ glass is unequall$4 ,no?+ c be m beautiful ?an its ?ree rose-w9d[s4 ,b ,i am n writ+ a guide-book1 & ,i mu/ =be>4 ,aft] a few days m at ,p>is we proce$$ s\?1 & visit$ ,lyons1 ,avignon1 & ,nismes1 on our way to ,m>seilles4 ,i h already describ$ ,nismes 9 my previ\s visit to ,france4 ,i revisit$ ! ,roman amphi!atre1 ! ,maison ,qu>ree1 t p]fect ,roman temple1 :i*1 /&+ z x does 9 an op5 squ>e1 is se5 to full advantage4 ,we also w5t to see ! magnific5t ,roman aqu$uct at ,pont du ,g>d4 ,! sight ( ! noble /ructure well repays a visit4 ,x consi/s ( ?ree ti]s ( ar*es4 ,its magnitude1 ! skilful fitt+ ( its enorm\s blocks1 makes a p[]ful impression on ! m9d4 ,x has /ood !re1 9 t solit>y wood$ valley1 = upw>ds ( sixte5 c5turies2 & x is /ill z well fitt$ = convey+ its aqu$uct ( wat] z ev]4 ,i h se5 no?+ to comp>e ) x1 ev5 at ,rome4 ,x ?r[s all our ar*itectural build+s into ! %ade4 ,on our way back f ,m>seilles to ,p>is we visit$ ,gr5oble & its surr\nd+ beautiful ,alp9e sc5]y4 ,!n to ,*amb]y1 & aft]w>ds to ,*am\nix1 :]e we obta9$ a spl5did view ( ,mont ,blanc4 ,we return$ home by way ( ,g5eva & ,p>is1 va/ly delight$ ) our mo/ enjoyable j\rney4 ,i return to ano!r ( my hobbies4 ,i _h an e>ne/ desire to acquire ! art & my/]y ( practical photography4 ,i b\ght ! necess>y app>atus1 toge!r ) ! *emicals2 & be=e long ,i became an exp]t 9 ! use ( ! positive & negative collodion process1 includ+ ! pr9t+ f negatives1 9 all ! details ( t wond]ful & delightful art4 ,to any "o :o has "s arti/ic ta/e1 photography1 bo? 9 its int]e/+ processes & glori\s results1 becomes a mo/ attractive & almo/ engross+ pursuit4 ,x is a delightful means ( educat+ ! eye = arti/ic feel+1 z well z ( educat+ ! h&s 9 delicate manipulation4 ,i "k ( no?+ equal to photography z a means ( advanc+ "o's k 9 ^! respects4 ,i _h long m$itat$ a "w ,on ! ,moon1 & x 0 = ?is purpose m especially t ,i 0 e>ne/ 9 endeav\r+ to acquire ! necess>y practical skill4 ,i 0 soon enabl$ to obta9 photographic copies ( ! elaborate models ( p>ts ( ! moon's1 surface1 :i* ,i _h long be=e prep>$4 ,^! copies 7 hail$ by ! highe/ au?orities 9 ?is special dep>tm5t ( a/ronomical rese>* z ! be/ examples ( ! moon's surface :i* _h yet be5 produc$4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is subject1 z well z to my rese>*es into ! /ructure ( ! sun's surface1 ,i _h ! ine/imable happ9ess ( secur+ ! fri5d%ip ( t noble philosoph]1 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el4 ,8 visits to me1 & my visits to him1 h left 9 my memory ! mo/ *]i%$ & happy recollections4 ,( all ! sci5tific m5 ,i h _h ! happ9ess ( meet+1 ,sir ,john /&s supremely at ! head ( ! li/4 ,he comb9$ pr(\nd k ) p]fect humility4 ,he 0 simple1 e>ne/1 & companionable1 ,he 0 entirely free f assumptions ( sup]iority1 &1 /ill le>n+1 w\ld li/5 att5tively to ! humble/ /ud5t4 ,he 0 ready to c\nsel & in/ruct1 z well z to receive in=mation4 ,he w\ld sit d[n 9 my work%op1 & see me g ?r\gh ! v>i\s te*nical processes ( ca/+1 gr9d+1 & poli%+ specula = reflect+ telescopes4 ,t 0 a pleasure to him1 & a va/ treat to me4 ,i _h be5 busily occupi$ = "s "t 9 mak+ c>eful inve/igations into ! d>k spots ^u ! ,sun's surface4 ,^! spots are ( extraord9>y dim5sions1 sometimes m ?an #aj1jjj miles 9 diamet]4 ,our _w might be dropp$ into !m4 ,i obs]v$ t ! spots 7 sometimes bridg$ ov] by a /reak ( light1 =m$ ( will[-leaf-%ap$ objects4 ,!y 7 app>5tly possess$ ( volunt>y motion1 & mov$ f "o side ( ! spot to ! o!r4 ,^! flakes 7 evid5tly ! imm$iate s\rces ( ! sol> light & heat4 ,i wrote a pap] on ! subject1 :i* ,i s5t to ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society ( ,man*e/]499 footnote444 ,memoirs ( ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society ( ,man*e/]1 #c;d s]ies1 vol4 i4 p4 #djg4 ,my fir/ discov]y ( ! ,will[-leaf objects on ! ,sun's surface 0 made 9 ,june #ahfj4;,i aft]w>ds obta9$ sev]al glimpses ( !m f "t to "t4,b ! occasions are v r>e :5 ! bright sun c be se5 9 a tranquil atmosph]e free f vibrations1 & :5 ! delicate objects on its surface c be cle>ly def9$4 ,x 0 n until ! #e? ( ,june #ahfd t ,i obta9$ ! f9e/ sight ( ! ,sun's spots & ! ,will[-leaf objects2 x 0 !n t ,i made a c>eful draw+ ( !m1 f :i* ! annex$ fai?ful engrav+ has be5 produc$4 ,inde$ ,i nev] _h a bett] sight ( ?is extraord9>y aspect ( ! ,sun ?an on t day4 444 ,! results ( my obs]vations 7 ( s novel a "* t a/ronom]s = "s "t hesitat$ to accept !m z facts4 ,yet ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 ! *ief ( a/ronom]s1 decl>$ !m to be a mo/ wond]ful discov]y ,image ,gr\p ( sun spots z se5 by ,james ,nasmy?1 #e? ,june #ahfd4 ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,sir ,john1 dat$ ,coll+wood1 #bl/ ( ,may #ahfa1 9 :i* he said3 ,i am v mu* oblig$ to y = y\r note1 & by ! sight ( y\r draw+s1 :i* ,mr4 ,macl>5 0 s k9d z to br+ ov] "h ! o!r day4 ,i suppose !re c be no d\bt z to ! reality ( ! will[-leav$ flakes1 & 9 t case !y c]ta9ly are ! mo/ m>vell\s ph5om5a t h yet turn$ up--_h almo/ said 9 all ,nature--c]ta9ly 9 all ,a/ronomy4 ,:at c !y be8 ,are !y huge phosphoris$ fi%es8 ,if s1 :at mon/]s6 ,or are !y cry/als8 a k9d ( igne\s sn[-flakes8 float+ 9 a fluid ( _! own1 or v ne>ly _! own1 specific gravity8 ,"s k9d ( solidity or coh]5ce !y mu/ h1 or !y w\ld n reta9 _! %ape 9 ! viol5t movem5ts ( ! atmosph]e :i* ! *ange ( ! spots indicate4 ,i obs]ve t 9 ! bridges all _! axes h an approximate p>allelism1 & t 9 ! p5umbra !y are disp]s$1 radiat+ f ! inside & ! outside ( ! spot1 giv+ rise to t /riat$ appe>ance :i* is famili> to all obs]v]s ( ! spots4 ,i am v glad t y h pit*$ y\r t5t 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1 & ,i only wi% x 7 a little ne>]4 ,y w anyh[ h ! advantage at ,p5%ur/ ( a mu* cle>] atmosph]e ?an 9 ! nor?2 b "h1 ne>] ! coa/1 ,i ?9k we are /ill bett] (f4 ,mr4 ,macl>5 holds out ! prospect ( our meet+ y at ,pa*ley at no di/ant p]iod1 & ,i hope y w f9d y\r way ere long to ,coll+wood4 ,i h no in/rum5ts or a/ronomical app>atus to %[ y1 b a rem>kably pretty c\ntry1 :i* is beg9n+ to put on 7r late7 its gala dress ( spr+8' ,sir ,john aft]w>ds reque/$ my p]mission to ins]t 9 8 ,outl9es ( ,a/ronomy1 ( :i* a new edition 0 ab\t to appe>1 a repres5tation ( ! will[-leav$ /ructure ( ! ,sun's surface1 --:i* _h be5 publi%$ 9 ! ,man*e/] transactions1--to :i* ,i gladly gave my ass5t4 ,sir ,john ?us expresses himself on ! subject3 --,! curi\s appe>ance ( ! 'pores' ( ! ,sun's surface has lately receiv$ a mo/ s+ul> & unexpect$ int]pretation f ! rem>kable discov]y ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,nasmy?1 :o1 f a s]ies ( obs]vations made ) a reflect+ telescope ( 8 own con/ruction "u v high magnify+ p[]s1 & "u exceptional circum/ances ( tranquillity & def9ition1 has come to ! conclusion t ^! pores are ! polygonal int]/ices betwe5 c]ta9 lum9\s objects ( an exce$+ly def9ite %ape & g5]al uni=mity ( size1 ^: =m 7at lea/ z se5 9 projection 9 ! c5tral portions ( ! disc7 is t ( ! oblong leaves ( a will[ tree4 ,^! cov] ! :ole disc ( ! ,sun 7except 9 ! space occupi$ by spots7 9 c\ntless millions1 & lie cross+ ea* o!r 9 e imag9able direction4444 ,?is mo/ a/oni%+ revelation has be5 confirm$ to a c]ta9 consid]able ext5t1 & ) "s modifications z to ! =m ( ! objects1 _! exact uni=mity ( size & resemblance ( figure1 by ,messrs4 ,de la ,rue1 ,prit*>d & ,/one 9 ,engl&1 & ,m4 ,sec*i 9 ,rome4 ,on ! #be? ( ,febru>y #ahfd1 ,i receiv$ a communication f ,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,/one1 fir/ assi/ant at ! ,royal ,obs]vatory1 ,gre5wi*4 ,! ,a/ronom]-,royal1 he said1 has plac$ 9 my h&s y\r lett] ( ,febru>y #bj4 ,y\r discov]y ( ! 'will[ leaves' on ! ,sol> photosph]e hav+ be5 br\ght =w>d at "o ( ! late meet+s ( ! ,royal ,a/ronomical ,society1 my att5tion 0 attract$ to ! subject4 ,at my reque/1 ! ,a/ronom]-,royal ord]$ ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,simms a reflect+ eye-piece = our great equatorial4 ,! eye-piece 0 complet$ ab\t ! end ( ,janu>y la/1 & at ! fir/ good opportunity ,i turn$ ! telescope on ! ,sun4 ,i may /ate t my impression 01 & x appe>s to h be5 ! impression ( sev]al ( ! assi/ants "h1 t ! will[ leaves /& out d>k aga9/ ! lum9\s photosph]e4 ,on look+ at ! ,sun1 ,i 0 at once /ruck ) ! app>5t resolvability ( its mottl$ appe>ance4 ,! :ole disc ( ! ,sun1 s f> z ,i exam9$ x1 appe>$ to be cov]$ ov] ) relatively bright rice-l p>ticles1 & ! mottl$ appe>ance seem$ to be produc$ by ! int]lac+ ( ^! p>ticles4 ,i c\ld n obs]ve any p>ticul> arrangem5t ( ! p>ticles1 b !y appe>$ to be m num]\s 9 "s p>ts ?an 9 o!rs4 ,i h us$ ! ^w 'rice-l' m]ely to convey a r\gh impression ( _! =m4 ,i h se5 !m on two occasions s9ce1 b n s well z on ! fir/ day1 :5 ! def9ition 0 exce$+ly good4 on ! fir/ day t ,i saw !m ,i call$ ,mr ,dunk9's att5tion to !m4 ,he appe>s to h se5 !m4 ,he says1 h[ev]1 t he %\ld n h notic$ !m if 8 att5tion _h n be5 call$ to !m4 ,! ,a/ronom] ,royal1 9 8 report to ! ,admiralty on my discov]y1 said3 an exam9ation ( ! ,sun's surface ) ! ,s\?-,ea/ ,equatorial1 "u fav\rable circum/ances1 has conv9c$ me ( ! accuracy ( ! description1 :i* comp>es x ) int]lac+ will[ leaves or rice gra9s4 ,9 ,m>* #ahfd ,i receiv$ a lett] f my fri5d ,de la ,rue1 dat$ f 8 obs]vatory at ,cran=d1 ,middlesex1 9 :i* he said3 ,i l good hone/ d\bt+4 ,be=e ,i _h se5 ) my own eyes y\r will[ leaves1 ,i d\bt$ _! real exi/5ce1 b ,i did n d\bt y\r hav+ se5 :at y _h drawn4 ,b :5 ,i actually saw !m = ! fir/ "t1 ,i c\ld n re/ra9 ! exclamation1 ' ,:y1 "h are ,nasmy?'s will[ leaves6 ' ,x requires a v f9e /ate ( ! atmosph]e to p]mit ( _! be+ se51 z ,i h se5 !m on ?ree or f\r occasions1 :5 _! sub/antial reality c no long] be d\bt$499 footnote444 ,let me give ano!r lett] f my fri5d1 dat$ ! ,obs]vatory1 ,cran=d1 ,middlesex1 ,octob] #bf1 #ahfd4 ,he said3- ,i am q pleas$ to le>n t y l ! l>ge photograph4 ,! fir/ giv5 to my fri5d 0 de/9$ = & s5t to y4 ,no "o has s great a claim on ! fruit ( my lab\rs2 = y inoculat$ me ) ! love ( />-gaz+1 & gave me invaluable aid & advice 9 figur+ specula4 ,i d>esay y may rememb] ! fir/ occasion on :i* ,i saw a reflect+ telescope1 :i* 0 !n be+ tri$ on ! sun 9 a patt]n l(t at ,patricr(t4 ,y may also recall ! volumes y wrote 9 answ] to my tr\blesome que/ions4 ,y\rs v s9c]ely ,,w>r5 ,,de ,,la ,,rue4 444 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el confirm$ ?is in=mation 9 a lett] :i* ,i receiv$ f him 9 ! foll[+ ,may4 ,he said t ,mr4 ,de la ,rue & a =eign g5tleman1 ,hugo ,mull]1 _h be5 v successful 9 see+ & del9eat+ ! 'will[ leaves' ,!y are repres5t$ by ,mr4 ,m4 z pack$ toge!r on ! edge ( a spot1 & appe> r l a bun* ( bri/les or ?orns4 ,9 o!r respects ! individual =ms agree v well ) y\r del9eations4 ,ano!r obs]v] _h discov]$ a m>vell\s resemblance betwe5 ! sol> spots & ! holl[s left by ! break+ & subsid5ce ( bubbles1 :i* rise :5 oil v>ni%1 :i* has moi/ure 9 x1 is boil$1 & ! /reaky *annels are left by ! retir+ liquid4 ,i _c help1 adds ,sir ,john1 fancy+ a b>e possibility ( "s upw>d outbreak1 foll[$ by a retreat ( "s gase\s matt]1 or "s dilat$ portion ( ! g5]al atmosph]e /ruggl+ upw>ds1 & at ! same "t exp&+ outw>ds4 ,i c conceive ( an up-surge ( "s highly compress$ matt]1 :i* reliev$ ( pressure1 w dilate lat]ally & upw>ds to an enorm\s ext5t 7z ,p\llett ,scrope supposes ( 8 lavas full ( compress$ gases & /eam71 produc+ ! spots1 &1 9 t case1 ! furr[s might equally well arise 9 ! orig9ation z 9 ! clos+ 9 ( a spot4 ,i _h ! hon\r & happ9ess ( receiv+ a visit f ,sir ,john ,h]s*el at my h\se at ,hamm]field 9 ! summ] ( #ahfd4 ,he 0 accompani$ by 8 daught]4 ,!y sp5t sev]al days ) u4 ,! wea!r 0 mo/ enjoyable4 ,i _h mu* conv]sation ) ,sir ,john z to ! ,sun spots & will[-leaf-%ap$ objects on ! ,sun's surface1 z well z ab\t my draw+s ( ! ,moon4 ,i exhibit$ to him my app>atus = obta9+ s\nd ca/+s ( specula = reflect+ telescopes4 ,i comp\nd$ ! alloy1 melt$ x1 & ca/ a #aj-;in* speculum on my peculi> common-s5se sy/em4 ,i introduc$ ! molt5 alloy1 *ill$ x 9 a metal m\ld1 by :i* e *ance ( flaws & imp]fections is obviat$4 ,i also %[$ him ! action & results ( my ma*9e1 by :i* ,i obta9$ ! mo/ exquisite poli% & figure = ! speculum4 ,sir ,john 0 9 ! highe/ degree cognisant ( ! importance ( ^! details1 z contribut+ to ! f9al excell5t result4 ,x 0 !re=e ) great pleasure t ,i c\ld exhibit ^! practical details be=e s compet5t a judge4 ,we _h a great set-to "o day 9 bl[+ iridesc5t soap bubbles f a mixture ( soap & glyc]9e4 ,"s ( ! bubbles 7 ( ab\t fifte5 in*es diamet]4 ,by c>efully cov]+ !m ) a bell glass1 we kept !m = ab\t ?irty-six h\rs1 :ile !y w5t ?r\gh _! *anges ( brilliant col\r1 end+ 9 deep blue4 ,i contriv$ ?is me?od ( pres]v+ !m by plac+ a di% ( wat] bel[1 )9 ! cov]+ bell glass1 by means ( :i* ! dampness ( ! air prev5t$ evaporation ( ! bubble4 ,?is dodge ( m9e va/ly delight$ ,sir ,john1 z x all[$ him to wat* ! exquisite s]ies ( iridesc5t t9ts at 8 tranquil leisure4 ,image ,f a photograph ( ! ,moon1 exhibit+ ! bright radial l9es4 ,image ,glass globe crack$ by int]nal pressure1 9 illu/ration ( ! cause ( ! bright radial l9es se5 on ! moon4 ,i _h also ! pleasure ( %[+ him my exp]im5t ( crack+ a glass globe fill$ ) wat] & h]metically seal$4 ,! wat] 0 !n slightly exp&$1 on :i* ! glass crack$4 ,?is 0 my me?od ( expla9+ ! nature ( ! action :i*1 at "s previ\s p]iod ( ! cosmical hi/ory ( ! ,moon1 _h produc$ ^? bright radiat+ l9es t div]ge f ! lun> volcanic crat]s4 ,sir ,john express$ 8 delight at witness+ my practical illu/ration ( ?is hi!rto unexpla9$ subject1 & he consid]$ x q conclusive4 ,i also produc$ my enl>g$ draw+s ( ! ,moon's surface1 :i* ,i _h made at ! side ( my telescope4 ,^! greatly pleas$ him & he e>ne/ly urg$ me to publi% !m1 accompani$ ) a descriptive acc\nt ( ! conclusions ,i _h arriv$ at4 ,i !n det]m9$ to proce$ ) ! prep>ations :i* ,i _h already made = my long contemplat$ "w4 ,among ! _m ?+s t ,i %[$ ,sir ,john :ile at ,hamm]field1 0 a piece ( :ite calico on :i* ,i _h got pr9t$ "o million spots4 footnote444 ,at a rec5t meet+ ( ! ,metropolitan ,railway ,company ,i exhibit$ "o million ( lett]s1 9 ord] to %[ ! numb] ( pass5g]s 7?irty-sev5 millions7 t _h be5 convey$ dur+ ! previ\s twelve mon?s4 ,?is numb] 0 s va/ t my me?od only help$ ! meet+ to und]/& :at _h be5 done 9 ! way ( conveyance4 ,mr4 ,macdonald ( ! ,times1 suppli$ me ) "o million type impressions1 conta9$ 9 sixty av]age columns ( ! ,times newspap]4 444 ,?is 0 = ! purpose ( exhibit+ "o million 9 visible =m4 ,9 a/ronomical subjects a million is a sort ( unit1 & x occurr$ to me to %[ :at a million really is4 ,sir ,john 0 delight$ & a/oni%$ at ! sight4 ,he w5t c>efully ov] ! out/ret*$ piece ) 8 rule1 measur$ its l5g? & brea?1 & v]ifi$ its correctness4 ,i also exhibit$ to him a diagram1 :i* ,i _h di/ribut$ among/ ! geologi/s at ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,ipswi* 9 #ahea1 %[+ a portion ( ! e>?'s curve1 to ! scale ( "o-t5? ( an in* to a mile4 ,i set out ! height ( ,mont ,blanc1 ,etna1 & also ! dep? ( ! deepe/ m9e1 z %[+ ! almo/ incr$ible m9imum ( k we possess ab\t ev5 ! m]e/ surface ( ! globe4 ,?is diagram 0 hail$ by _m z ( mu* value1 z convey+ a correct idea ( ! relative magnitude ( geological ph5om5a 9 comp>ison ) t ( ! e>? itself3 ,on ?is subject ,sir ,?omas ,mit*ell1 ,surveyor-,g5]al ( ,au/ralia1 wrote to me at ! "t3 ,i w n obtrude ^u y my crude notions ( my own1 b m]ely say t y c\ld n h s5t ! ',geological ,/&>d ,scale' to "o :o bett] des]v$ x1 if ! claim 9 su* fav\r is1 z ,i suppose1 to be e/imat$ by ! am\nt ( ! "t ( "o :ole life1 appli$ to ! survey ( great m\nta9 ranges1 & coa/s1 riv]s1 etc4 ,by ?is long practice ( m9e1 y may "k h[ appreciable ?is satisfactory /&>d scale is to y\r humble s]vant4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahfe ,i visit$ ,italy4 ,:ile at ,rome1 9 ,april1 ,i _h ! pleasure ( meet+ ,otto ,w4 von ,/ruve1 ! celebrat$ ,russian a/ronom]4 ,he invit$ me to accompany him on a visit to ,fa!r ,sec*i at 8 f9e obs]vatory ( ! ,collegio ,romano4 ,i accept$ ! invitation ) pleasure4 ,we duly rea*$ ! ,obs]vatory :5 ,/ruve introduc$ me to ! ,fa!r4 ,sec*i gave me a mo/ cordial & unlook$-= welcome4 ,?is1 he said1 is a mo/ extraord9>y int]view2 z ,i am at ?is mom5t mak+ a repres5tation ( y\r will[-leaf-%ap$ con/itu5ts ( ! ,sol> surface6 ,he !n po9t$ to a l>ge black bo>d1 :i* he _h daub$ ov] ) glue & 0 spr9kl+ ov] 7 :5 we came 97 ) rice gra9s ,t1 said he1 is :at ,i feel to be a mo/ excell5t repres5tation ( y\r discov]y z ,i see x1 v]ifi$ by ! aid ( my telescope4 ,x appe>$ to ,fa!r ,sec*i s s+ul> a circum/ance t ,i %\ld come ^u him 9 ?is sudd5 mann]1 :ile he 0 = ! fir/ "t engag$ 9 repres5t+ :at ,i _h 7on ! spur ( ! mom5t :5 fir/ see+ !m7 describ$ z will[-leaf-%ap$ objects4 ,i ?\ght t 8 repres5tation ( !m1 by scatt]+ rice gra9s ov] 8 glue-cov]$ black bo>d1 0 apt & admirable2 & s did ,otto ,/ruve4 ,?is *ance meet+ ) ^! two admirable a/ronom]s 0 "o ( ! little bits ( romance 9 my life4 ,i return$ to ,engl& %ortly aft]4 ,among our visitors at ,hamm]field 0 ,"l ,lyndhur/4 ,he 0 9 8 n9etie? ye> :5 he paid a visit to ,tunbridge ,wells4 ,*>les ,greville1 ,secret>y to ! ,privy ,c\ncil1 wrote to me1 say+ t 8 ,lord%ip compla9$ mu* ( ! want ( society1 & ask$ me to call ^u him4 ,i did s1 & f\nd him *e]ful & happy4 ,i aft]w>ds s5t him a pres5t ( "s ( my draw+s4 ,he answ]$3 ,a ?\s& ?anks = ! *>m+ et*+s4 ,i am especially int]e/$ 9 ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,he looks v com=table1 b ,i c't see 8 b$1 :i* tr\bles me4 ,! election 7',ev]ybody = ev]6'7 is wond]ful4 ,i %\ld n l to be !re4 ,i hope we %all g to y aga9 "o ( ^! days1 & h ano!r peep into t wond]ful telescope4 ,to return to ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 ,we return$ 8 visit at 8 h\se at ,coll+wood1 ne> ,hawkhur/4 ,i f\nd him 9 ! g>d51 d[n ^u 8 knees1 collect+ crocus bulbs = next ye>'s plant+4 ,l myself1 he lov$ g>d5+1 & 0 nev] tir$ ( x4 ,i m5tion ?is z an in/ance ( 8 simple zeal 9 ent]+ practically into all t int]e/$ him4 ,at home he 0 ! happy fa!r & lov] ( 8 family4 ,"o ( 8 fav\rite pa/imes1 :5 surr\nd$ by 8 *ildr5 9 ! ev5+1 0 tell+ !m /ories4 ,he 0 mo/ happy & ent]ta9+ 9 ?is tranquil occupation4 ,8 ma/]ly intellect c\ld grasp ! _w & all its visible cont5ts1 & yet desc5d to ent]ta9 8 *ildr5 ) extemporis$ tales4 ,he possess$ in=mation ( ! mo/ v>i$ k9d1 :i* he communicat$ ) p]fect simplicity & artlessness6 ,8 pr(\nd a/ronomical k 0 comb9$ ) a ri* /ore ( me*anical & manipulative faculty1 :i* enabl$ him to take a ke5 int]e/ 9 all ! te*nical arts :i* s mat]ially aid 9 ! progress ( sci5ce4 ,i %all nev] =get ! happy days t he sp5t ) me 9 my work%op4 ,8 visits h left 9 my m9d ! mo/ *]i%$ recollections4 ,our fri5dly int]c\rse cont9u$ unbrok5 to ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,! foll[+ is ! la/ lett] ,i receiv$ f him3 ,,coll+wood1 ,m>* #aj1 #ahga4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir--,a great _m ?anks = ! opportunity ( see+ y\r mo/ exquisite photographs f models ( lun> m\nta9s4 ,i hope y w publi% !m4 ,!y w create q an electric s5sation4 ,w\ld n "o or two specim5s ( ! app>5tly nonvolcanic m\nta9 ranges1 bord]+ on ! great pla9s1 add to ! int]e/8 ,excuse my writ+ m1 z ,i p5 ?is ly+ on my back 9 b$1 to :i* a fi]ce attack ( bron*itis condemns me4 ,) be/ reg>ds to ,mrs4 ,nasmy?1 believe me y\rs v truly1 ,j4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,h]s*el4 ,sci5tific k seems to travel sl[ly1 ,x 0 n until ! ye> #ahge1 m ?an f\rte5 ye>s aft] my discov]y ( ! will[-leav$ bridges ov] ! ,sun's spots t ,i und]/ood !y _h be5 accept$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,i le>n$ ?is f my de> fri5d ,william ,lassell4 ,8 lett] 0 z foll[s3 --,i see ! ,am]icans are appreciat+ y\r sol> obs]vations4 ,a communication ,i h lately receiv$ f ! ,alleghany ,obs]vatory rem>ks 't he 7,mr4 ,nasmy?7 appe>s to h be5 ! fir/ to di/9ctly call att5tion to ! s+ul> individuality ( ! m9ute compon5ts ( ! photosph]e2 & ?is seems 9 fairness to entitle him to ! cr$it ( an important discov]y1 ) :i* 8 "n %\ld rema9 associat$4' ,i proce$$ to d t :i* ,sir ,john ,h]s*el _h s e>ne/ly recomm5d$1 t is1 to write out my obs]vations on ! ,moon4 ,x 0 a v s]i\s matt]1 = ,i _h nev] writt5 a book be=e4 ,x occupi$ me _m ye>s1 ?\gh ,i _h ! k9d assi/ance ( my fri5d ,james ,c>p5t]1 !n ( ! ,royal ,obs]vatory1 ,gre5wi*4 ,! volcanoes & crat]s1 & g5]al l&scape sc5]y ( ! ,moon1 _h to be photograph$ & engrav$1 & ?is caus$ great lab\r4 ,at l5g? ! book1 entitl$ ,! ,moon1 consid]$ z a ,planet1 a ,_w1 & a ,satellite1 appe>$ 9 ,novemb] #ahgd4 ,x 0 receiv$ ) mu* fav\r & pass$ into a second edition4 ,a c\rte\s & k9d review ( ! book appe>$ 9 ! ,ed9burgh2 & ! notices 9 o!r p]iodicals 7 equally fav\rable4 ,i d$icat$ ! volume to ! ,duke ( ,argyll1 because ,i _h be5 s long associat$ ) him 9 geological affairs1 & also because ( ! deep fri5d%ip :i* ,i ent]ta9$ = 8 ,grace4 ,i pres5t$ ! volume to him z well z to _m o!r ( my a/ronomical fri5ds4 ,i might quote _! answ]s at great l5g?1 f ! ,a/ronom]-,royal d[nw>ds4 ,b ,i w quote two--"o f a ,royal ,academician & ano!r f a ,c>d9al4 ,! fir/ 0 f ,philip ,h4 ,cald]on4 ,he said3 ,let me ?ank y _m times = y\r k9d lett]1 & = y\r glori\s book4 ,x arriv$ at twelve to-day1 & !re has be5 no pa9t+ s9ce4 ,once hav+ tak5 x up1 attract$ by ! illu/rations1 ,i c\ld n put x d[n aga94 ,i =got ev]y?+2 &1 inde$1 ,i h be5 up 9 ! ,moon4 ,z soon z ^! few words ( ?anks are giv51 ,i am go+ up into ! ,moon aga94 ,:at a com=t x is to read a sci5tific "w :i* is q cle>1 & :at a gift x is to write ?us6 ,! photographs took my brea? away4 ,i c\ld n und]/& h[ y did !m1 & y\r explanation ( h[ y built ! models f y\r draw+s only *ang$ ! wond] into admiration4 ,only an arti/ c\ld h said :at y say ab\t ! education ( ! eye & ( ! h&4 ,y may well und]/& h[ x w5t home to me4 ,ev] gratefully y\rs1 ,,philip ,h4 ,,cald]on4 ,i n[ proce$ to ! ,c>d9al4 ,i 0 pres5t at "o ( ! receptions ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society at ,burl+ton ,h\se1 :5 ,i 0 introduc$ to ,c>d9al ,mann+ z ,! ,/eam ,hamm]6 ,aft] a cordial reception he sudd5ly said1 ,b are y n also ! ,man 9 ! ,moon8 ,yes1 y\r ,em95ce4 ,i h writt5 a book ab\t ! ,moon1 & ,i %all be glad if y w accept a copy ( x8 ,by all means1 he said1 & ,i ?ank y = ! (f] v mu*4 ,i accord+ly s5t ! copy1 & receiv$ ! foll[+ answ]3 ,,my ,,de> ,,mr4,,nasmy?--,:5 ,i ask$ y to s5d me y\r book on ! ,moon1 ,i _h no idea ( its bulk & value1 & ,i feel a%am$ ( my importunity1 yet m ?an half delight$ at my /urdy begg+4 ,i ?ank y = x v s9c]ely4 ,my life is "o ( endless "w1 leav+ me few mom5ts = read+4 ,b su* books z y\rs refre% me l a clov] field4 ,i hope ,i may h an opportunity ( r5ew+ our conv]sation4 ,believe me always truly y\rs1 ,,h5ry1 ,,c>d9al ,,mann+4 ,i may also m5tion t ,i receiv$ a *>m+ lett] f ,miss ,h]s*el1 ! daught] ( ! late ,a/ronom]4 ,is x possible1 %e said1 t ?is beautiful book is de/9$ by y z a gift to my mo/ unwor?y self8 ,i d n "k1 inde$1 h[ suffici5tly to ?ank y1 or ev5 to express my delight 9 be+ possess$ ( s exquisite & valuable a "w1 made s valuable1 too1 by ! mo/ k9d inscription on ! fir/ page6 ,i fe> ,i %all be v v f> f und]/&+ ! !ories develop$ 9 ! book1 ?\gh we h be5 endeav\r+ to ga!r "s fa9t notion ( !m f ! reviews we h se52 b x w be ( ! greate/ int]e/ = u to try & foll[ !m "u y\r guidance1 & ) ! help ( ^! p]fectly en*ant+ photographs1 :i*1 ,i ?9k1 "o c\ld nev] be tir$ ( look+ at4 ,h[ well ,i rememb] ! orig9al photographs1 & ! oil pa9t+ :i* y s5t = de> papa's inspection1 & :i* he did s enjoy6 & also ! exp]im5t ) ! glass globe1 9 :i* he 0 s int]e/$1 at y\r own h\se4 ,we _c b ?9k h[ he w\ld h appreciat$ y\r rese>*es1 & :at pleasure ?is lovely book w\ld h giv5 him4 ,inde$1 ,i %all treasure x especially z a remembrance ( t visit1 :i* is s completely connect$ 9 my ?\ghts ) him1 z well z ) y\r cordial k9dness1 z a preci\s s\v5ir1 ( :i* let me once m (f] y my he>tfelt ?anks4 ,i rema91 my de> sir1 y\rs v truly & gratefully1 ,,isabella ,,h]s*el4 ,i _c refra9 f add+ ! communication ,i receiv$ f my de> old fri5d ,william ,lassell4 ,i d n "k1 he said1 h[ suffici5tly to ?ank y = y\r mo/ k9d lett]1 & ! sup]b pres5t :i* almo/ imm$iately foll[$ x4 ,my pleasure 0 greatly enhanc$ by ! consid]ation ( h[ f> ?is spl5did "w mu/ add to y\r fame & gratify ! sci5tific _w4 ,! illu/rations are magnific5t1 & ,i am p]suad$ t no book has ev] be5 publi%$ be=e :i* gives s fai?ful1 accurate1 & compreh5sive a picture ( ! surface ( ! ,moon4 ,! "w mu/ h co/ y mu* "t1 ?\ght1 & lab\r1 & ,i d\bt n y w n[ receive a gratify+1 if n an adequate rew>d4 ,aft] read+ ! book ,mr4 ,lassell aga9 wrote to me4 ,i am indebt$ to y\r beautiful book1 he said1 = a deep] int]e/ 9 ! ,moon ?an ,i ev] felt be=e4444 ,i see _m ( y\r pictures h be5 tak5 :5 ! ,moon 0 wan+1 :i* tells me ( _m a %iv]+ exposure y mu/ h _h 9 ! e>ly morn+s1444 ,i 0 sorry to f9d f y\r lett] t y _h a sev]e cold1 :i* made y v unwell4 ,i hope y h ere ?is p]fectly recov]$4 ,i suppose maladies ( ?is k9d mu/ be expect$ to take r sev]e hold ( u n[1 z we are bo? pa/ ! m]idian ( life4 ,i am1 h[ev]1 v ?ankful = ! measure ( heal? ,i enjoy1 & ! pleasure me*anical pursuits give me4 ,i fully sympa?ise ) y 9 ! contempt 7%all ,i say87 :i* y feel = ! ta/e ( s _m p :o f9d _! *ief pleasure 9 'kill+ some?+1' & h[ (t5 _! pleasures are fatal6 ,two di/+ui%$ m5 kill$ only ! o!r day 9 hunt+4 ,= my "p ,i w\ld r take to ! bicycle & d my sev5te5 miles )9 ! h\r4 ,he proce$s3 ,i h no d\bt y\r w9dmill is v nicely contriv$1 & has af=d$ y mu* pleasure 9 con/ruct+ x4 ,! only drawback to x is1 t 9 ?is v>iable climate x is apt to /rike "w1 & 9 ! mid/ ( a job ( poli%+ ,i fe> no increase ( wages w\ld induce x to complete its task6 ,if wat] 7 pl5tiful1 y might make x pump up a quantity :5 ! w9d s]v$1 to be us$ z a motive p[] :5 y *ose4 ,?is ref]5ce alludes to a w9dmill :i* ,i erect$ on ! top ( my work%op1 to drive ! app>atus bel[4 ,x 0 ! mirror ( a reflect+ telescope :i* 0 9 progress4 ,! w9dmill w5t on night & day1 & poli%$ ! speculum :ile ,i slept4 ,9 ! small h\rs ( ! morn+ ,i keek$ ?r\gh ! corn] ( ! w9d[ bl9ds & saw x h>d at "w4 ,i pref]1 h[ev]1 a small /eam-eng9e1 :i* works mu* m regul>ly4 ,x is "t to come to an end ( my ,recollections4 ,i h endeav\r$ to give a brief resume ( my life & lab\rs4 ,i hope !y may prove int]e/+ z well z useful to o!rs4 ,?anks to a good con/itution & a frame invigorat$ by "w1 ,i cont9ue to lead1 ) my de> wife1 a happy life4 ,i /ill take a deep int]e/ 9 me*anics1 9 a/ronomy1 & 9 art4 ,x is a pleasure to me to run up to ,london & enjoy ! collections at ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 & ! ,royal ,academy4 ,! ,cry/al ,palace cont9ues to attract a %>e ( my att5tion1 ?\gh1 s9ce ! fire1 x has be5 greatly alt]$4 ,i miss1 too1 _m ( ! de> accu/om$ faces ( ! old fri5ds we us$ to meet !re4 ,/ill we visit x1 & leave to memory ! fill+ up ( :at is gone4 ,all ?+s *ange1 & we ) !m4 ,! foll[+ ,dial ( ,life gives a brief summ>y ( my c>e]4 ,x %[s ! brevity ( life1 & indicates ! tale t is soon told4 ,! fir/ "p ( ! semicircle includes ! passage f infancy to boyhood & manhood4 ,:ile t p]iod la/s1 "t seems to pass v sl[ly4 ,we long to be m51 & do+ m5's "w4 ,:at ,i h call$ ,! ,tablel& ( ,life is !n rea*$4 ,ord9>y obs]vation %[s t betwe5 ?irty & fifty ! full /r5g? ( body & m9d is rea*$2 & at t p]iod we en]gise our faculties to ! utmo/4 ,image ,! ,dial ( ,life ,^? :o are bless$ ) good heal? & a s\nd con/itution may prolong ! p]iod ( en]gy to sixty or ev5 sev5ty2 b ,nature's laws mu/ be obey$1 & ! p]iod ( decl9e beg9s1 & goes on ) accel]at$ rapidity4 ,!n comes ,old ,age2 & z we desc5d ! semicircle t[>ds eighty1 we f9d t ! remnant ( life becomes vague & cl\dy4 ,by %ad+ (f1 z ,i h done1 ! portion ( ! area ( ! diagram accord+ to ! individual age1 e "o may see h[ mu* ( life is consum$1 & :at is left--,d4,v44 ,"h is my brief record3 ,,age ,,ye>4 -- #ahjh4 ,,born #ai,,? ,,augu/4 #i #ahag4 ,,w5t ,,to ,,! ,,high ,,s*ool1 ,,ed9burgh4 #ac #ahba4 ,,att5d$ ,,! ,,s*ool ,,( ,,arts4 #ba #ahbi4 ,,w5t ,,to ,,london1 ,,to ,,maudslay',s4 #bc #ahca4 ,,return$ ,,to ,,ed9burgh1 ,,to ,,make ,,my ,,eng9e]s' ,,tools4 #bf #ahcd4 ,,w5t ,,to ,,man*e/]1 ,,to ,,beg9 ,,bus9ess4 #bh #ahcf4 ,,remov$ ,,to ,,patricr(t1 ,,& ,,built ,,! ,,bridgewat] ,,f\ndry4 #ca #ahci4 ,,inv5t$ ,,! ,,/eam ,,hamm]4 #cb #ahdj4 ,,m>riage4 #cd #ahdb4 ,,fir/ ,,visit ,,to ,,france ,,& ,,italy4 #ce #ahdc4 ,,visit ,,to ,,/4 ,,pet]sburg1 ,,/ockholm1 ,,dannemora4 #cg #ahde4 ,,application ,,( ,,! ,,/eam ,,hamm] ,,to ,,pile-,,driv+4 #dh #ahef4 ,,retir$ ,,f ,,bus9ess1 ,,to ,,enjoy ,,! ,,re/ ,,( ,,my ,,life ,,9 ,,! ,,active ,,pursuit ,,( ,,my ,,mo/ ,,fav\rite ,,occupations4 ,i h n 9 ?is li/ ref]r$ to my inve/igations 9 connection ) a/ronomy4 ,all ?is w be f\nd ref]r$ to 9 ! text4 ,x only rema9s = me to say t ,i app5d a resume ( my inv5tions1 contrivances1 & work%op dodges1 to give ! read] a summ>y idea ( ! ,active ,life ( a work+ me*anic4 ,& ) ?is ,i end my tale4 ,,*ronological ,,li/ ,,( ,,me*anical ,,inv5tions ,,& ,,te*nical ,,contrivances4 by ,james ,nasmy?4 #ahbe4 ,a mode ( apply+ ,/eam ,p[] = ! ,traction ( ,canal ,b>ges1 )\t injury to ! ,canal ,banks4 ,a ,,canal hav+ be5 =m$ to connect ,ed9burgh ) ! ,=? & ,clyde ,canal1 & s to give a direct wat]way communication betwe5 ,ed9burgh & ,glasg[1 ,i he>d mu* talk ab\t ! desirabl5ess ( sub/itut+ ,/eam = ,horse p[] z ! means ( mov+ ! boats & b>ges along ! canal4 ,b1 z ! action ( paddle :eels _h be5 f\nd de/ructive to ! canal banks1 no s*eme ( t nature c\ld be ent]ta9$4 ,al?\gh a tyro 9 su* matt]s1 ,i made an attempt to solve ! problem1 & accord+ly prep>$ draw+s1 ) a description ( my design1 = employ+ ,/eam p[] z ! tractive ag5cy = tra9s ( canal b>ges1 9 su* a mann] z to obviate all risk ( injury to ! banks4 ,image ,! s*eme consi/$ 9 lay+ a *a9 along ! bottom ( ! canal1 & ( pass+ any "p ( its l5g? betwe5 ?ree groov$ & not*$ pulleys or roll]s1 made to revolve ) suitable velocity by means ( a small /eam-eng9e plac$ 9 a tug-boat1 to ! /]n ( :i* a tra9 ( b>ges 0 atta*$499 footnote444 ,_h ?is simple means ( tugg+ vessels ?r\gh wat]-ways be5 employ$ 9 our late attempts to asc5d ! rapids ( ! ,nile1 "s v important results might h issu$ f its adoption4 444 ,! /eam-eng9e c\ld ?us w>p its way along ! *a91 tak+ x up betwe5 ! roll]s ( ! b[ ( ! tug-boat1 & dropp+ x into ! wat] at ! /]n1 s z to leave ! *a9 at ! s]vice ( ! next foll[+ tug-boat ) its atta*$ tra9 ( b>ges4 ,by ?is simple mode ( employ+ ! p[] ( a /eam-eng9e = canal boat traction1 all risk ( injury to ! banks w\ld be avoid$1 z ! *a9 & n ! wat] ( ! canal 0 ! fulcrum or resi/ance :i* ! /eam-eng9e on ! tug-boat op]at$ ^u 9 ?us w>p+ its way along ! *a92 & ?us effectually1 )\t slip or o!r wa/e ( p[]1 dragg+ along ! tra9 ( b>ges atta*$ to ! /]n ( ! /eam-tug4 ,i _h arrang$ = two sep>ate *a9s1 s z to all[ tra9s ( b>ges to be convey$ along ! canal 9 opposite directions1 )\t int]f]+ ) ea* o!r4 ,i submitt$ a complete set ( draw+s1 & a full description ( my design 9 all its details1 to ! directors ( ! ,canal ,company2 & ,i receiv$ a complim5t>y ackn[l$gm5t ( !m 9 writ+4 ,b su* 0 ! prejudice t exi/$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! injury to ! canal banks result+ f ! use ( paddle ,:eels1 t x ext5d$ to ! use ( /eam p[] 9 any =m1 z a sub/itute = ord9>y horse traction2 & al?\gh ,i _h tak5 e c>e to po9t out ! ess5tial diff]5ce ( my sy/em 7z above indicat$7 by :i* all su* objections 7 obviat$1 my design 0 at l5g? c\rte\sly decl9$1 & ! old sy/em ( horse traction cont9u$4 ,9 #ahde ,i _h ! pleasure to see ?is simple mode ( mov+ vessels along a def9ite c\rse 9 mo/ successful action at ! f]ry across ! ,hamoaze at ,devonport1 9 :i* my sy/em ( employ+ ! p[] ( a /eam-eng9e on bo>d ! f]ry boat1 to w>p its way along a subm]g$ *a9 ly+ along ! bottom ( ! *annel f side to side ( ! f]ry1 0 mo/ ably c>ri$ out by my late excell5t fri5d1 ,james ,r5dell1 ,esq41 ,c4,e41 & is /ill1 ,i believe1 9 daily action1 giv+ e satisfaction4 #ahbf4 ,an ,in/rum5t = ,measur+ ! ,total & ,comp>ative ,expansion ( all ,solid ,bodies4 ,my k9d fri5d & patron1 ,pr(essor ,leslie1 be+ engag$ 9 "s inve/igations 9 :i* x 0 ess5tial to "k ! exact comp>ative total expansion 9 bulk ( metals & o!r solid bodies1 "u ! same numb] ( degrees ( heat1 m5tion$ ! subject 9 ! c\rse ( conv]sation4 ,! in/rum5t at t "t 9 use 0 defective 9 pr9ciple z well z 9 con/ruction1 & ! results ( its application 7 untru/wor?y4 ,z ! ,pr(essor _h done me ! hon\r to reque/ me to assi/ him 9 8 exp]im5ts1 ,i _h ! happ9ess to sugge/ an arrangem5t ( app>atus :i* ,i ?\ght might obviate ! s\rces ( error2 &1 ) 8 approval1 ,i proce$$ to put x 9 op]ation4 ,my contrivance consi/$ ( an arrangem5t by means ( :i* ! metal b> or o!r solid sub/ance1 ^: total expansion "u a giv5 numb] ( degrees ( heat _h to be measur$1 0 9 a mann] itself conv]t$ into a !rmomet]4 ,absolutely equal bulks ( ea* solid 7 plac$ inside a metal tube or vessel1 & surr\nd$ ) an exact equal quantity ( wat] at "o & ! same normal temp]ature4 ,a cap or cov]1 hav+ a suitable l5g? ( !rmomet] tube atta*$ to x1 0 !n screw$ d[n1 & ! wat] ( ! index tube 0 adju/$ to ! z]o po9t ( ! scale atta*$ to x1 ! :ole be+ at say #ej;deg ( heat1 z ! normal temp]ature 9 ea* case4 ,! app>atus 0 !n heat$ up to say #bjj;deg by imm]sion 9 wat] at t temp]ature4 ,! expansion ( ! enclos$ b> ( metal or o!r solid sub/ance "u exp]im5t caus$ ! wat] to rise above ! z]o1 & x 0 accord+ly s indicat$ on ! scale atta*$ to ! cap tube4 ,9 ?is way we _h a !rmomet] ^: bulb 0 = ! "t be+ fill$ ) ! solid "u inve/igation1--! wat] surr\nd+ x imply act+ z ! means by :i* ! expansion ( ea* solid "u trial 0 r5d]$ visible1 & its am\nt capable ( be+ asc]ta9$ & record$ ) ! utmo/ exactness1 z ! expansion ( ! wat] 0 9 e case ! same1 & also t ( ! in/rum5t itself :i* 0 a con/ant quantity4 ,9 ?is way we obta9$ ! correct relative am\nt ( expansion 9 bulk ( all ! solid sub/ances exp]im5t$ ^u4 ,t ea* b> ( metal or o!r solid sub/ance 0 ( absolutely equal bulk1 0 readily asc]ta9$ by f9d+ t ea*1 :5 weigh$ 9 wat]1 lo/ ! exact same weight4 ,image ,james ,nasmy?'s ,expansomet]1 #ahbf4 ,my fri5d1 ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 0 s mu* pleas$ ) ! in/rum5t t he publi%$ a draw+ & description ( x 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,philosophical ,j\rnal1 ( :i* he 0 !n editor4 #ahbg4 ,a ,me?od ( increas+ ! ,effectiv5ess ( ,/eam by sup]-heat+ x on its ,passage f ! ,boil] to ! ,eng9e4 ,"o or ! e>lie/ me*anical contrivances :i* ,i made 0 = prev5t+ wat]1 9 a liquid =m1 f pass+ along ) ! /eam f ! boil] to ! cyl9d] ( ! /eam-eng9e4 ,! fir/ /eam-eng9e ,i made 0 employ$ 9 gr9d+ oil col\rs = my fa!r's use 9 8 pa9t+s4 ,:5 ,i set ?is eng9e to "w = ! fir/ "t ,i 0 annoy$ by slight j]ks :i* n[ & !n di/urb$ ! o!rwise smoo? & regul> action ( ! ma*9e4 ,aft] c>eful exam9ation ,i f\nd t ^! j]ks 7 caus$ by ! small quantities ( wat] t 7 occasionally c>ri$ along ) ! curr5t ( ! /eam1 & deposit$ 9 ! cyl9d]1 :]e x accumulat$ above & bel[ ! pi/on1 & ?us produc$ ! j]ks4 ,9 ord] to remove ! cause ( ^! irregul>ities1 ,i plac$ a consid]able portion ( ! l5g? ( ! pipe :i* convey$ ! /eam f ! boil] to ! eng9e )9 ! highly heat$ side flue ( ! boil]1 s t any portion ( wat] 9 ! liquid =m :i* might *ance to pass along ) ! /eam1 might1 ere x rea*$ ! cyl9d]1 trav]se ?is highly-heat$ /eam pipe1 &1 9 do+ s1 be conv]t$ into p]fectly dry /eam1 & 9 t condition ent] ! cyl9d]4 ,on c>ry+ ?is simple arrangem5t into practice1 ,i f\nd ! result to be 9 e way satisfactory4 ,! active little /eam-eng9e !nce-=w>d p]=m$ its "w 9 ! mo/ smoo? & regul> mann]4 ,s f> z ,i am aw>e1 ?is e>ly ef=t ( m9e at me*anical contrivance 0 ! fir/ introduction ( :at has s9ce be5 t]m$ sup]-heat$ /eam--a sy/em n[ ext5sively employ$1 & yield+ important results1 especially 9 ! case ( m>9e /eam-eng9es4 ,)\t su* means ( supply+ dry /eam to ! eng9es1 ! latt] are specially liable to break-d[ns1 result+ f wat]1 9 ! liquid =m1 pass+ into ! cyl9d]s along ) ! /eam4 #ahbh4 ,a ,me?od ( *uck+ delicate ,metal-"w1 9 ord] t x may be turn$ ) p]fect tru? ,9 fix+ portions ( "w 9 ! turn+-la!1 "o ( ! mo/ important po9ts to att5d to is1 t :ile !y are held ) suffici5t firmness 9 ord] to be turn$ to ! requir$ =m1 !y %\ld be free f any /ra9 :i* might 9 any way di/ort !m4 ,9 /rong & pond]\s objects ?is c be easily accompli%$ by due c>e on ! "p ( an intellig5t workman4 ,x is 9 op]at+ by ! la! on delicate & flexible objects t ! utmo/ c>e is requisite 9 ! process ( *uck+1 z !y are easily /ra9$ out ( %ape by fa/5+ !m by screws & bolts1 or su*like ord9>y means4 ,?is is especially ! case ) disc-l objects4 ,z ,i _h on sev]al occasions to op]ate 9 ! la! ) ?is class ( "w ,i contriv$ a me?od ( *uck+ or hold+ !m firm :ile receiv+ ! requir$ turn+ process1 :i* has 9 all cases prov$ mo/ h&y & satisfactory4 ,?is me?od consi/$ ( t9n+ ?ree1 or1 if ne$ be1 m p>ts ( ! "w1 & lay+ !m d[n on a t9n$ face-plate or *uck1 :i* _h be5 heat$ s z j to cause ! sold] to fl[4 ,z soon z ! sold] is cool$ & set1 ! *uck ) its atta*$ "w may !n be put 9 ! la!1 & ! "w proce$$ ) until x is complet$4 ,by aga9 heat+ ! *uck1 by lay+ ^u x a piece ( r$-hot iron1 ! "w1 h[ev] delicate1 c be simply lift$ (f1 & w be f\nd p]fectly free f all di/ortion4 ,i h be5 ! m p>ticul> 9 nam+ ! use ( ?ree po9ts ( atta*m5t to ! *uck or face-plate1 z t numb] is naturally free f any risk ( di/ortion4 ,i h on s _m occasions f\nd ! great value ( ?is simple yet mo/ secure mode ( fix+ delicate "w 9 ! la!1 t ,i feel sure t any "o able to appreciate its practical value w be highly pleas$ ) ! results ( its employm5t4 ,! same means c1 9 _m cases1 be employ$ 9 fix+ delicate "w 9 ! plan+-ma*9e4 ,all t is requisite is to h a clean-plan$ wr\ght-iron or brass fix+-plate1 to :i* ! "w 9 h& c be atta*$ at a few suitable p>ts ) s(t sold]1 z 9 ! case ( ! turn+ la! above describ$4 #ahbh4 ,a ,me?od ( ca/+ ,specula = ,reflect+ ,telescopes1 s z to ensure p]fect ,fre5ess f ,defects1 at ! same "t enhanc+ ! ,brilliancy ( ! ,alloy4 ,my fa!r possess$ a v excell5t a*romatic spy-glass ( #b in*es diamet]4 ,! object-glass 0 made by ! celebrat$ ,ramsd54 ,:5 ,i 0 ab\t fifte5 ,i us$ x to gaze at ! moon1 planets1 & sun-spots4 ,al?\gh ?is in/rum5t reveal$ to me ! g5]al *>act]i/ic details ( ^! gr& objects1 my fa!r gave me a wond]ful acc\nt ( :at he _h se5 ( ! moon's surface by means ( a p[]ful reflect+ telescope ( #ab in*es diamet]1 made by ,%ort-- t ju/ly celebrat$ pione] ( telescope mak+4 ,x _h be5 erect$ 9 a tempor>y obs]vatory on ! ,calton ,hill1 ,ed9burgh4 ,^! descriptions ( my fa!r's s fir$ me ) ! desire to obta9 a sight ( ! glori\s objects 9 ! heav5s ?r\gh a m p[]ful in/rum5t ?an ! spy-glass1 t ,i det]m9$ to try & make a reflect+ telescope :i* ,i hop$ might 9 "s degree satisfy my ard5t desires4 ,i accord+ly se>*$ = ! requisite practical in/ruction 9 ! pages ( ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica1 & 9 o!r books t pr(ess$ to give ! necess>y te*nical in=mation on ! subject4 ,i f\nd1 h[ev]1 t ! in=mation giv5 9 books--at lea/ 9 ! books to :i* ,i _h access 0 meagre & unsatisfactory4 ,nev]!less ,i set to "w ) all e>ne/ness1 & began by comp\nd+ ! requisite alloy = ca/+ a speculum ( #h in*es diamet]4 ,?is alloy consi/$ ( #cb p>ts ( copp]1 #ae p>ts ( gra9 t91 & #a "p ( :ite ars5ic4 ,^! +r$i5ts1 :5 melt$ toge!r1 yield$ a comp\nd metal :i* possess$ a high degree ( brilliancy4 ,hav+ made a wood5 patt]n = my int5d$ #h-;in* diamet] speculum1 & m\ld$ x 9 s&1 ,i ca/ ?is my fir/ reflect+ telescope speculum accord+ to ! be/ book in/ructions4 ,i all[$ my ca/+ to cool 9 ! m\ld 9 ! sl[e/ possible mann]2 = su* is ! excessive brittl5ess ( ?is alloy 7?\gh compos$ ( two ( ! t\ghe/ ( metals7 t 9 any sudd5 *ange ( temp]ature1 or want ( due delicacy 9 h&l+ x1 x is v apt to give way1 & a fracture m or less s]i\s is sure to result4 ,ev5 glass1 brittle ?\gh x be1 is /rong 9 comp>ison ) speculum metal ( ! above proportions1 ?\gh1 z ,i h said1 x yields ! mo/ brilliant composition4 ,not)/&+ ! obs]vance ( all due c>e 9 respect ( ! anneal+ ( ! ca/+ by sl[ cool+1 & ! utmo/ c>e & delicate h&l+ ( x 9 ! process ( gr9d+ ! surface into ! requisite curve & smoo?ness suitable to receive ! f9al poli%1-- ,i 0 on m ?an "o occasion inexpressibly mortifi$ by ! sudd5 disruption & break+ up ( my speculum4 ,?us _m h\rs ( anxi\s c>e & lab\r prov$ ( no avail4 ,i _h to beg9 aga9 & proce$ da capo4 ,i obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! surplus alloy t 0 left 9 ! crucible1 aft] ,i _h ca/ my speculum1 :5 aga9 melt$ & p\r$ out into a metal +ot m\ld1 yield$ a cake t1 brittle ?\gh x might be1 0 yet /rong 9 comp>ison ) t ( ! speculum ca/ 9 ! s& m\ld2 & t x 0 also1 judg+ f ! fragm5ts *ipp$ f x1 possess$ ( ev5 a high] degree ( brilliancy4 ,! happy ?\ght occurr$ to me ( sub/itut+ an op5 metal m\ld = ! clos$ s& "o4 ,i soon _h ! metal m\ld ready = ca/+4 ,x consi/$ ( a base plate ( ca/ iron1 on ! surface ( :i* ,i plac$ a r+ or hoop ( iron turn$ to fully ! diamet] ( ! int5d$ speculum1 s z to anticipate ! contraction ( ! alloy4 ,! result ( ! v fir/ trial ( ?is simple metal m\ld 0 mo/ satisfactory4 ,x yield$ me a v p]fect ca/+3 & x pass$ successively ?r\gh ! ordeal ( ! fir/ r\gh gr9d+1 & ev5tually ?r\gh ! processes ( poli%+1 until 9 ! end x exhibit$ a brilliancy t f> exce$$ t ( ! s& m\ld ca/+s4 ,! only rema9+ difficulty t ,i _h to surm\nt 0 ! risk ( defects 9 ! surface ( ! speculum4 ,^! sometimes result f ! fir/ spla% ( ! melt$ metal z x is p\r$ into ! r+ m\ld4 ,! globules sometimes got oxidis$ be=e !y became incorporat$ ) ! ma9 body ( ! infl[+ molt5 alloy3 & d+y spots 9 ! o!rwise brilliant alloy 7 ?us produc$4 ,i soon ma/]$ ?is1 ! only rema9+ s\rce ( defect1 by a v simple arrangem5t4 ,9 place ( p\r+ ! melt$ alloy direct into ! r+ m\ld1 ,i atta*$ to ! side ( x :at ,i t]m$ a p\r+ pocket2 :i* communicat$ ) an op5+ at ! l[] edge ( ! r+1 & by a self-act+ arrangem5t by :i* ! m\ld plate 0 slightly tilt$ up1 ! influx ( ! molt5 alloy advanc$ 9 "o unbrok5 tide4 ,z soon z ! entire surface ( ! m\ld plate 0 cov]$ by ! alloy1 its weight ov]came t ( my up-tilt+ c\nt]poise1 & all[$ ! entire app>atus to resume its exact level4 ,! result+ speculum 01 by ^! simple arrangem5ts1 absolutely p]fect 9 s\ndness4 ,x 0 a p]fect ca/+1 9 all respects wor?y ( ! c>e & lab\r :i* ,i inve/$ 9 its future gr9d+ & poli%+1 & enabl$ x to p]=m its glori\s duties z ! gr& ess5tial "p ( a noble reflect+ telescope6 ,image ,a4 ,*ill plate ( ca/ iron turn$ to ! curve ( ! speculum ,b4 ,turn$ hoop ( wr\ght iron ) op5+ at ,o4 ,c4 ,p\r+ pocket4 ,d4 ,c\nt]poise1 ,by :i* ! *ill plate is tilt$ up ,! l>ge/ figure 9 ! engrav+ is ! anneal+ tub ( ca/ iron fill$ ) sawdu/1 :]e ! speculum is plac$ to cool z sl[ly z possible4 ,! rationale ( ! /r5g? ( specula ca/ 9 ?is metal m\ld sy/em1 z comp>$ ) ! trea*]\s brittl5ess ( ^? ca/ 9 s& m\lds1 arises simply f ! consolidation ( ! molt5 metal pool tak+ place fir/ at ! l[] surface1 next ! metal base ( ! m\ld--! yet fluid alloy above satisfy+ ! contractile requirem5ts ( t imm$iately b5ea? x2 & s on 9 succession1 until ! la/ to consolidate is ! top or upp] /ratum4 ,?us all risk ( contractile t5sion1 :i* is s dang]\sly em95t & inh]5t 9 ! case ( s&-m\ld ca/+s1 made ( s exce$+ly brittle an alloy z t ( speculum metal1 is entirely avoid$4 ,by ! employm5t ( ^! simple & effective improvem5ts 9 ! art ( ca/+ ! specula = reflect+ telescopes1 & also by ! contrivance & employm5t ( me*anical means = gr9d+ & poli%+ !m1 ,i at l5g? complet$ my fir/ #h-;in* diamet] speculum1 & m\nt$ x accord+ to ! ,newtonian plan4 ,i 0 mo/ amply rew>d$ = all ! anxi\s lab\r ,i _h gone ?r\gh 9 prep>+ x1 by ! glori\s views x yield$ me ( ! wond]ful objects 9 ! heav5s at night4 ,my enjoym5t 0 9 no small degree enhanc$ by ! pleasure x gave to my fa!r1 & to _m intimate fri5ds4 ,among/ ^! 0 ,sir ,david ,brew/]1 :o took a mo/ lively & special int]e/ 9 all my lab\rs on ?is subject4 ,9 lat] ye>s ,i resum$ my telescope mak+ enjoym5ts1 z a delightful & cong5ial relaxation f ! ord9>y run ( my bus9ess occupations4 ,i con/ruct$ sev]al reflect+ telescopes1 ( sizes f #aj-;in* to #bj-;in* diamet] specula4 ,i _h also ! pleasure ( assi/+ o!r a/ronomical fri5ds1 by ca/+ & gr9d+ specula = !m4 ,among ^! ,i may m5tion my late de> fri5d ,william ,lassell1 & my excell5t fri5d ,w>r5 de la ,rue1 bo? ( :om h indelibly record$ _! names 9 ! annals ( a/ronomical sci5ce4 ,i "k ( no subject connect$ ) ! pursuit ( sci5ce :i* s ab\nds ) excit+ & delightful int]e/ z t ( con/ruct+ reflect+ telescopes4 ,x br+s into play e pr9ciple ( con/ructive art1 ) ! inexpressibly glori\s rew>d ( a m intimate acqua9tance ) ! sublime wond]s ( ! heav5s1 ,i communicat$ 9 full detail all my improvem5ts 9 ! art ( ca/+1 gr9d+1 & poli%+ ! specula ( reflect+ telescopes1 to ! ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society ( ,man*e/]1 illu/rat+ my pap] ) _m draw+s4 ,b z my pap] 0 ( consid]able l5g?1 & z ! illu/rations w\ld prove co/ly to engrave1 x 0 n publi%$ 9 ! ,society's ,transactions4 ,!y are /ill1 h[ev]1 kept 9 ! libr>y = ref]5ce by ^? :o take a special int]e/ 9 ! subject4 #ahbi4 ,a ,mode ( transmitt+ ,rot>y ,motion by means ( a ,flexible ,%aft1 =m$ ( a ,coil$ ,spiral ,wire or ,rod ( ,/eel4 ,:ile assi/+ ,mr4 ,maudslay 9 ! execution ( a special piece ( ma*9]y1 9 :i* x became necess>y to h "s holes drill$ 9 r inaccessible portions ( ! "w 9 h&1 & :]e ! employm5t ( ! ord9>y drill 0 impossible1 x occurr$ to me t a flexible %aft1 =m$ ( a closely coil$ spiral ( /eel wire1 might enable u to transmit ! requisite rot>y motion to a drill atta*$ to ! end ( ?is spiral %aft4 ,mr4 ,maudslay 0 mu* pleas$ ) ! notion1 & ,i spe$ily put x 9 action by a close coil$ spiral wire ( ab\t two feet 9 l5g?4 ,?is 0 f\nd to transmit ! requisite rot>y motion to ! drill at ! end ( ! spiral ) p]fect & fai?ful effici5cy4 ,! difficulty 0 got ov]1 to ,mr4 ,maudslay's great satisfaction4 ,s f> z ,i am aw>e1 su* a mode ( transmitt+ rot>y motion 0 new & orig9al4 ,! device 0 useful1 & prov$ ( ess5tial s]vice 9 o!r important applications4 ,by a suitably close coil$ spiral /eel wire ,i h convey$ rot>y motion q r\nd an ob/acle1 su* z is indicat$ 9 ! annex$ figure4 ,image ,x has act$ ) p]fect fai?fulness f ! w9* h&le at ,a to ! drill at ,b4 ,any +5i\s me*anic w be able to appreciate ! value ( su* a flexible %aft 9 _m applications4 ,f\r ye>s ago ,i saw ! same arrangem5t 9 action at a d5ti/'s op]at+-room1 :5 a drill 0 work$ 9 ! m\? ( a pati5t to enable a decay$ too? to be /opp$4 ,x 0 said to be ! la/ ?+ out 9 ,yankee notions4 ,x 0 m]ely a replica ( my flexible drill ( #ahbi4 #ahbi4 ,a ,mode ( cutt+ ,squ>e or ,hexgonal ,coll>es ,nuts or ,bolt-,heads by means ( a ,revolv+ ,file or ,cutt]4 ,?is me?od is refr]$ to1 & draw+s giv51 9 ! text1 pp4 #ada1 #adb4 #ahbi4 ,a ,inve/igation into ! ,orig9 & ,mode ( writ+ ! ,cunei=m ,"* ,?is w be f\nd describ$ 9 ! next & f9al *apt] #ahcf4 ,a ,ma*9e = cutt+ ! ,key-,grooves 9 ,metal ,:eels & ,belt ,pulleys1 ( ,,any ,diamet]4 ,! fa/5+ ( :eels & belt pulleys to %afts1 s z to enable !m to transmit rot>y motion1 is "o ( ! mo/ frequ5tly-recurr+ processes 9 ! con/ruction ( ma*9]y4 ,?is is be/ effect$ by driv+ a slightly tap]$ iron or /eel w$ge1 or key z x is te*nically t]m$1 into a correspond+ recess1 or flat "p ( ! %aft1 s t ! :eel & %aft ?us become 9 effect "o solid /ructure4 ,! old mode ( cutt+ su* key-grooves 9 ! eyes ( :eels 0 accompli%$ by ! labori\s & co/ly process ( *ipp+ & fil+4 ,maudslay's mortis+ ma*9e1 :i* he contriv$ = ! ,block ma*9]y1 al?\gh int5d$ orig9ally to op]ate ^u wood1 conta9$ all ! ess5tial pr9ciples & details requir$ = act+ on metals4 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,rob]ts1 by "s excell5t modifications1 enabl$ x to mortise or cut out ! key-grooves 9 metal :eels1 & ?is me?od soon came into g5]al use4 ,?is ma*9e consi/$ ( a v]tical slide b>1 to ! l[] end ( :i* 0 atta*$ ! /eel mortis+ tool1 :i* receiv$ its requisite up & d[n motion f an adju/able crank1 ?r\gh a suitable arrangem5t ( ! ge>+4 ,! :eel to be op]at$ ^u 0 fix$ to a slide-table1 & gradually advanc$1 s z to cause ! mortis+ tool to take successive cuts ?r\gh ! dep? ( ! eye ( ! :eel1 until ! mortise or key-groove _h atta9$ its requir$ dep?4 ,! only drawback to ?is admirable ma*9e 0 t its s]vice 0 limit$ 9 respect to admitt+ :eels ^: half diamet] did n exce$ ! di/ance f ! back ( ! jaw ( ! ma*9e to ! face ( ! mortise tool2 s t to give to ?is ma*9e ! requisite rigidity & /r5g? to resi/ ! /ra9 on ! jaw1 due to ! mortis+ ( ! key-grooves1 9 :eels ( say #f feet diamet]1 a m massive & cumbr\s frame "w 0 requir$1 :i* 0 mo/ co/ly 9 space z well z 9 money4 ,9 ord] to obviate ?is inconv5i5ce1 ,i design$ an arrangem5t ( a key-groove mortis+ ma*9e4 ,x 0 capable ( op]at+ ^u :eels ( any diamet]1 hav+ no limit to x capacity 9 t respect4 ,x 01 at ! same "t1 possess$ 9 respect ( ! pr9ciple on :i* x 0 arrang$1 ( ! p[] ( tak+ a mu* deep] cut1 !re be+ an entire abs5ce ( any s\rce ( spr++ or ela/icity 9 its /ructure4 ,?is n only enabl$ ! ma*9e to p]=m its "w ) m rapidity1 b also ) m precision4 ,besides1 x occupi$ mu* less space 9 ! work%op1 & did n co/ above "o-?ird ( ! ma*9es =m]ly 9 use4 ,x gave ! highe/ satisfaction to ^? :o avail$ !mselves ( its effective ,s]vices4 ,image ,a comp>ison ( ,fig4 #a--:i* repres5ts ! g5]al arrangem5t ( ! ma*9e 9 use previ\s to ! introduction ( m9e--) t ( ,fig4 #b1 may s]ve to convey "s idea ( _! relative sizes4 ,fig4 #a %[s a limit to ! admission ( :eels exce$+ #f feet diamet]1 ,fig4 #b %[s an unlimit$ capability 9 t respect4 #ahcf4 ,an ,in/rum5t = f9d+ & m>k+ ! ,c5tres ( ,cyl9drical ,rods or ,bolts ab\t to be turn$ on ! ,la!4 ,"o ( ! mo/ num]\s details 9 ! /ructure ( all classes ( ma*9es is ! bolts :i* s]ve to hold ! v>i\s p>ts toge!r4 ,z x is mo/ important t ea* bolt fits p]fectly ! hole x belongs to1 x is requisite t ea* bolt %\ld1 by ! process ( turn+1 be made p]fectly cyl9drical4 ,9 prep>+ su* bolts1 z !y come f ! =ge1 9 ord] to und]go ! process ( turn+1 !y h to be c5tr$2 t is1 ea* end has to receive a holl[ conical ind5t1 :i* mu/ agree ) ! axis ( ! bolt4 ,to f9d ?is 9 ! usual mode1 by trial & frequ5t error1 is a mo/ t$i\s process1 & consumes mu* valuable "t ( ! workman z well z 8 la!4 ,image ,9 ord] to obviate ! necessity = ?is co/ly process1 ,i devis$ ! simple in/rum5t1 a draw+ ( :i* is annex$4 ,! use ( ?is enabl$ any boy to f9d & m>k ) absolute exactness & rapidity ! c5tres ( ea* end ( bolts1 or su*like objects4 ,all t 0 requir$ 0 to place ! body ( ! bolt 9 ! ,v-%ap$ supports1 & to g5tly cause x to revolve1 press+ x longitud9ally aga9/ ! /eel-po9t$ m>k]1 :i* scrat*$ a neat small circle 9 ! true c5tre or axis ( ! bolt4 ,?is small circle _h its c5tre easily m>k$ by ! ind5t ( a pun*1 & ! "w 0 ?us ready = ! la!4 ,?is humble b really important process 0 accompli%$ ) ease1 rapidity1 & great economy4 #ahcf4 ,improvem5t 9 ,/eam-,eng9e ,pi/ons1 & 9 ,wat] & ,air-,pump ,buckets1 s z to less5 ,friction & disp5se ) ,pack+4 ,! desire to make ! pi/ons ( /eam-eng9es & air-pump buckets ( cond5s+ eng9es p]fectly /eam & wat] tight has l$ to ! contrivance ( _m complex & co/ly con/ructions = ! purpose ( pack+ !m4 ,:5 we take a commons5se view ( ! subject1 we f9d t 9 mo/ cases ! loss ( p[] result+ f ! extra friction neutralises ! expect$ sav+4 ,?is is especially ! case ) ! air-pump bucket ( a cond5s+ /eam-eng9e1 z x is 9 reality mu* m a wat] ?an an air pump4 ,b :5 x is con/ruct$ ) a deep well-fitt$ bucket1 entirely )\t pack+1 ! loss su/a9$ by su* an insignificant am\nt ( leakage z may occur f ! want ( pack+ is m ?an comp5sat$ by ! sav+ ( p[] result+ f ! total abs5ce ( friction4 ,! fir/ cond5s+ /eam-eng9e to :i* ,i appli$ an air-pump bucket1 entirely )\t pack+1 0 ! =ty horsep[] eng9e1 :i* ,i con/ruct$ = ! ,bridgewat] ,f\ndry4 ,x answ]$ its purpose s well t1 aft] tw5ty ye>s' con/ant work+1 ! air-pump cov] 0 tak5 (f1 out ( curiosity1 to exam9e ! bucket1 :5 x 0 f\nd 9 p]fect ord]4 ,?is sy/em1 9 :i* ,i disp5s$ ) ! pack+ = air-pump buckets ( cond5s+ /eam-eng9es1 ,i h also appli$ to ! pi/ons ( ! /eam cyl9d]s1 especially ^? ( high-pressure eng9es ( ! small] v]tical con/ruction1 ! /roke ( :i* is g5]ally %ort & rapid4 ,provid$ ! cyl9d] is bor$ true1 & ! pi/on is c>efully fitt$1 & ( a consid]able dep? 9 proportion to its diamet]1 su* pi/ons w be f\nd to p]=m p]fectly all _! functions1 & ) a total abs5ce ( friction z a direct result ( ! abs5ce ( pack+4 ,by ! aid ( our improv$ ma*9e tools1 cyl9d]s c n[ be bor$ ) su* p]fect accuracy1 & ! pi/ons be fitt$ to !m ) su* absolute exactness1 t ! small quantity ( wat] :i* ! /eam always deposits on ! upp] side ( ! pi/on1 n only s]ves z a frictionless pack+1 b also s]ves z a lubricant ( ! mo/ appropriate k9d4 ,i h appli$ ! same k9d ( pi/on to ord9>y wat]-pumps1 ) simil> excell5t results4 ,9 mo/ cases ( "r pack$ pi/ons we sp5d a %ill+--to save sixp5ce-- a n unfrequ5t result ( s-call$ ref9$ improvem5ts4 #ahcf4 ,an in/antane\s ,mode ( produc+ graceful ,curves1 suitable = design+ ,vases & o!r graceful objects 9 ,pott]y & ,glass4 ,! mode ref]r$ to consi/s 9 giv+ a rapid swit* motion to a p5cil ^u a piece ( pap]1 or a c>dbo>d1 or a smoo? metal plate2 & !n cutt+ out ! curve s produc$1 & employ+ x z a patt]n or template1 to enable copies to be trac$ f x4 ,:5 plac$ at equal di/ances1 & at equal angles on ea* side ( a c5tral l9e1 s z to secure p]fect symmetry ( =m accord+ to ! nature ( ! requir$ design1 ! beauty ( ^! in/antane\s curves1 z ,i t]m !m1 arises f ! entire abs5ce ( any sudd5 v>iation 9 _! c\rse4 ,?is is due to ! mom5tum ( ! h& :5 swit*+ ! p5cil at a high velocity ov] ! pap]4 ,by su* simple means 0 ! beautiful curve produc$1 :i* is giv5 on ! foll[+ page4 ,x 0 produc$ 9 a tw9kl+1 if ,i may use ! t]m to express ! rapidity ) :i* x 0 swit*$4 ,! *ief s\rce ( ! gracefulness ( ^! curves consi/s 9 ! almo/ imp]ceptible mann] 9 :i* !y pass 9 _! c\rse f "o degree ( curvature into ano!r4 ,i h _h ! pleasure ( %[+ ?is simple mode ( produc+ graceful curves to sev]al pott]s1 :o h turn$ ! idea to good acc\nt4 ,! illu/rative figures on ! next page h all be5 drawn f templates ^: curves 7 swit*$ 9 ! mann] ( ,fig4 ,a4 ,image #ahcf4 ,a ,ma*9e = plan+ ! small] or detail p>ts ( ,ma*9]y1 :e!r ,flat or ,cyl9drical4 ,al?\gh ! introduction ( ! plan+ ma*9e into ! work%ops ( me*anical eng9e]s yield$ results ( ! highe/ importance 9 p]fect+ & economis+ ! production ( ma*9]y g5]ally1 yet1 z ! employm5t ( ^! valuable ma*9e tools 0 *iefly int5d$ to assi/ 9 ! execution ( ! l>g] p>ts ( ma*9e manufacture1 a v consid]able proportion ( ! detail p>ts /ill cont9u$ to be execut$ by h& lab\r1 9 :i* ! *isel & ! file 7 ! *ief in/rum5ts employ$4 ,! results 7 consequ5tly v unsatisfactory1 bo? z reg>ds inaccuracy & co/l9ess4 image ,) ! desire ( r5d]+ ! valuable s]vices ( ! ,plan+ ,ma*9e applicable to ! smalle/ detail p>ts ( ma*9e manufacture1 ,i design$ a simple & compact modification ( x1 su* z %\ld enable any att5tive lad to execute all ! detail p>ts ( ! ma*9es 9 s un]r+ & p]fect a mann] z n only to rival ! h& "w ( ! mo/ skilful me*anic1 b also at su* a r$uc$ co/ z to place ! mo/ active h& workman f> into ! backgr\nd4 ,! contrivance ,i ref] to is usually kn[n z ,nasmy?'s ,/eam ,arm4 ,none b ^? :o h _h ample opportunities ( wat*+ ! process ( execut+ ! detail p>ts ( ma*9es1 c =m a correct idea ( ! great am\nt ( "t t is practically wa/$ & unproductive1 ev5 :5 highly-skill$ & c>eful workm5 are employ$4 ,!y h s frequ5tly to /op work+1 9 ord] to exam9e ! "w 9 h&1 to use ! /raight edge1 ! squ>e1 or ! calip]s1 to asc]ta9 :e!r !y are work+ correctly4 ,dur+ t int]val1 ! "w is mak+ no progress3 & ! loss ( "t on ?is acc\nt is n less ?an "o-six? ( ! work+ h\rs1 & sometimes mu* m2 ?\gh all ?is lo/ "t is fully paid = 9 wages4 ,image ,app>atus = enabl+ ! ma*9e to execute segm5t$ "w ,b by ! employm5t ( su* a ma*9e z ,i describe1 ev5 :5 plac$ "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( well-select$ intellig5t lads1 9 :om ! faculty ( good sight & nicety ( h&l+ is naturally 9 a high /ate ( p]fection1 any defici5cy 9 _! physical /r5g? is amply comp5sat$ by ^! self-act+ ma*9es4 ,! factory eng9e supplies ! lab\r or ! elem5t ( ,=ce1 :ile ! ma*9es p]=m _! "w ) practical p]fection4 ,! details ( ma*9]y are ?us turn$ out ) geometrical accuracy1 & are 9 ! highe/ s5se fitt$ to p]=m _! int5d$ purposes4 #ahcg4 ,sol> ,ray ,orig9 ( ! =m ( ! ,egyptian ,pyramids1 ,obelisks1 etc4 ,?is w be f\nd describ$ summ>ily 9 ! next & f9al *apt]4 #ahcg4 ,me?od ( rev]s+ ! action ( ,slide ,la!s4 ,9 ! employm5t ( ,slide ,turn+ ,la!s1 x is ( great advantage to be able to rev]se ! motion ( ! ,slide s z to enable ! turn+ tool to cut t[>ds ! ,head ( ! ,la! or away f x1 & also to be able to arre/ ! motion ( ! ,slide altoge!r1 :ile all ! o!r functions ( ! la! are cont9u$ 9 action4 ,all ^! objects are atta9$ by ! simple contrivance repres5t$ 9 ! annex$ illu/ration4 ,image ,x consi/s ( a lev] ,e1 mov+ on a /ud-p9 ,s1 atta*$ to ! back ( ! head /ock ( ! la! ,t4 ,?is lev] c>ries two :eels ( equal diamet] m>k$ ,b & ,g4 ,^! :eels c pit* into a correspond+ :eel ,a1 fix$ on ! back end ( ! lay sp9dle4 ,:5 ! h&le ( ! lev] ,e is depress$ 7z se5 9 ! draw+7 ! :eel ,b is 9 ge> ) :eel ,a4 :ile ,c is 9 ge> ) ! slidescrew :eel ,d1 & s moves ! slide 7say f ! ,head ,/ock ( ! la!74 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! lev] ,e is elevat$ 9 position ,e1 :eel ,b is tak5 out ( ge> ) ,a1 :ile ,g is put 9 ge> ) ,a1 & ,b is put 9 ge> ) ,d2 & ?us ! ,slide is caus$ to move t[>ds ! ,head ,/ock ( ! la!4 ,aga91 :]e x is desir$ to arre/ ! motion ( ! ,slide altoge!r1 or = a "t1 z occasion may require1 ! lev] h&le is put into ! int]m$iate position ,e'1 :i* entirely sev]s ! communication betwe5 ,a & ,d1 & s arre/s ! motion ( ! slide4 ,?is simple contrivance effectually s]v$ all its purposes1 & 0 adopt$ by _m ma*9e tool-mak]s & eng9e]s4 #ahch4 ,self-adju/+ ,be>+s = ! ,%afts ( ,ma*9]y ,a frequ5t cause ( undue friction & heat+ ( rapidly rotat+ ma*9]y arises f "s inaccuracy or want ( due p>allelism betwe5 ! rotat+ %aft or sp9dle & its be>+4 ,?is is occasion$ 9 mo/ cases by "s accid5tal *ange 9 ! level ( ! supports ( ! be>+s4 ,_m ( ! be>+s are situat$ 9 d>k places1 & _c be se54 ,!re are o!rs t are difficult ( access--z 9 ! case ( be>+s ( screw-propell] %afts4 ,s]i\s mis*ief may result be=e ! heat+ ( ! be>+ proclaims its dang]\s condition4 ,9 "s cases ! timb] "w is set on fire1 :i* may result 9 s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,9 ord] to remove ! cause ( su* s]i\s mis*ief1 ,i design$ an arrangem5t ( be>+1 :i* enabl$ x1 & ! %aft work+ 9 x1 to mutually accommodate !mselves to ea* o!r "u all circum/ances1 & ?us to avoid ! dang] ( a want ( due & mutual p>allelism 9 _! respective axes4 ,?is arrangem5t consi/$ 9 giv+ to ! ext]ior ( ! be>+ a sph]ical =m1 s z1 )9 mod]ate limits1 to all[ x to accommodate itself to any su* *anges 9 reg>d to mutual p>allelism1 z above ref]r$ to4 ,9 o!r cases1 ,i employ$ :at ,i may call ,rock+ c5tres1 on :i* ! ,p$e/al or ,plumb] ,block re/$2 & ?us suppli$ a self-adju/+ means = obviat+ ! evils result+ f any accid5tal *ange 9 ! prop] relative position ( ! %aft & its be>+4 ,9 all cases 9 :i* ,i introduc$ ?is arrangem5t1 ! results 7 mo/ satisfactory4 ,9 ! case ( ! be>+s ( ,bl[+ ,fans1 9 :i* ! rate ( rotation is naturally excessive1 a sph]ical re/+-place = ! be>+s enabl$ !m to keep p]fectly cool at ! highe/ spe$4 ,?is 0 also ! case 9 ! driv+ app>atus = ma*9e tools1 :i* is g5]ally fix$ at a consid]able height above ! ma*9e4 ,^! sph]ical or self-adju/+ be>+s 7 f\nd ( great s]vice4 ,! app>atus1 be+ g5]ally out ( conv5i5t rea*1 is apt to get out ( ord] unless duly att5d$ to4 ,b1 :e!r or n1 ! sav+ ( friction is 9 itself a reason = ! adoption ( su* be>+s4 ,?is may appe> a trifl+ te*nical matt] ( detail2 b its great practical value mu/ be my excuse = m5tion+ x4 #ahch4 ,inv5tion ( ,safety ,f\ndry ,ladle4 ,! safety ladle is describ$ 9 ! text1 p4 #bjb4 #ahch4 ,inv5tion ( ! ,/eam ,ram ,my inv5tion 0 made at ?is e>ly date1 long be=e ! attack by ! /eam-ram ,m]rimac ^u ! ,cumb]l&1 & o!r %ips1 9 ,hampton ,roads1 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i br\ght my plans & draw+s "u ! notice ( ! ,admiralty 9 #ahde2 b no?+ 0 done = _m ye>s4 ,mu* _h be5 accompli%$ 9 r5d]+ our %ips %ot-pro( by ! application ( iron plates2 b x appe>$ to me t n "o ( !m c\ld exi/ above wat] aft] receiv+ on its side a s+le bl[ f an iron-plat$ /eam-ram ( #bjjj tons4 ,i said1 9 a lett] to ! ,times1 ,z ! gr& object ( naval w>f>e is ! de/ruction by ! mo/ spe$y mode ( ! %ips ( ! enemy1 :y %\ld we cont9ue to attempt to atta9 ?is object by mak+ small holes 9 ! hull ( ! enemy :51 by "o s+le ma/]ly cra%+ bl[ f a /eam ram1 we c cru% 9 ! side ( any arm\r-plat$ %ip1 & let ! wat] ru% 9 ?r\gh a hole1 'n p]haps z wide z a *ur* door or z deep z a well1 b 'twill s]ve'2 & be c]ta9 to s5d h] bel[ wat] 9 a few m9utes499 footnote444 ,9 ^! days ( arm\r-clad w>%ips1 :5 plates ( enorm\s ?ickness are reli$ on z invuln]able1 our ,naval ,con/ructors appe> to =get t ! actual /ructural /r5g? ( su* %ips dep5ds on ! back+ ( ! plates1 :i*1 be x ev] s ?ick1 w\ld yield to ! cramm+ bl[ ( a mod]ate-siz$ ,ram4 444 ,i publi%$ my description ( ! /eam ram & its app>atus 9 ! ,times ( ,janu>y #ahec1 & aga9 address$ ! ,editor on ! subject 9 ,april #ahfb4 ,g5]al ,sir ,john ,burgoyne took up ! subject1 & address$ me 9 ! note at ! foot ( ?is page499 footnote444 ,! foll[+ is ! lett] ( ,g5]al ,sir ,john ,burgoyne3 ,,w> ,,(fice1 ,,pall ,,mall1 ,,london1 #h? ,april #ahfb4 ,g5]al ,sir ,john ,burgoyne pres5ts 8 complim5ts to ,mr4 ,nasmy?1 & 0 mu* pleas$ to f9d1 by ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s lett] 9 ! ,times ( ?is day1 c]ta9 impressions t he has held = "s "t confirm$ by s good an au?ority4 ,a difficulty seems to be anticipat$ by _m t a /eam] us$ z a ram ) high velocity1 if impell$ ^u a heavy %ip1 w\ld1 by ! revulsion ( ! sudd5 %ock1 be liable to h mu* ( h] ge> ?r[n entirely out ( ord]1 p>ts displac$1 & p]haps ! boil]s bur/4 ,"s judgm5t1 h[ev]1 may be =m$ on ?is po9t by a k ( :e!r su* circum/ances h occurr$ on %ips sudd5ly gr\nd+2 & ev5 s1 x may be a "q :e!r s great a velocity is necess>y4 ,an accid5t occurr$ "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 )9 ,sir ,john ,burgoyne's imm$iate cognisance1 t has l$ him p>ticul>ly to consid] ! great p[] ( a %ip act+ z a ram4 ,a some:at heavy /eam] w5t1 by accid5t or mismanagem5t1 end on to a v sub/antial :>f wall 9 ,k+/[n ,h>b\r1 ,dubl9 ,bay4 ,?\gh ! =ce ( ! bl[ 0 greatly *eck$ ?r\gh ! measures tak5 = t purpose1 & inde$ s mu* s t ! vessel itself suff]$ no v mat]ial injury1 yet sev]al ( ! massive granite /ones ( ! fac+ 7 driv5 "s in*es 91 %[+ ! enorm\s =ce us$ ^u !m4 ,sup]ior spe$ w be v ess5tial to ! successful action ( ! ram2 b by ! above circum/ance we may assume t ev5 a mod]ate spe$ w\ld enable great effects to be produc$1 at lea/ on any comp>atively weak po9t ( ev5 ironclad %ips1 su* z ! rudd]4 444 ,9 ,june #ahgj1 ,i receiv$ a lett] f ,sir ,e4 ,j4 ,re$1 conta9+ ! foll[+ extracts3 --,i 0 aw>e previ\sly t plans _h be5 propos$ = con/ruct+ un>m\r$ /eam rams1 b ,i 0 n acqua9t$ ) ! fact t y _h put =w>d s well-matur]d a s*eme at s e>ly a date2 & x has giv5 me mu* pleasure to f9d t su* is ! case4 ,x has be5 a cause bo? ( pleasure & surprise to me to f9d t s long ago y incorporat$ into a design almo/ all ! features :i* we n[ reg>d z ess5tial to ramm+ effici5cy--tw9 screws & mod]ate dim5sions = h&9ess1 num]\s wat]-tight divisions = safety1 & special /r5g!n+s at ! b[4 ,facts su* z ^! des]ve to be put on record4444 ,mean:ile accept my congratulations on ! great skill & =esight :i* y\r ram-design displays4 ,collisions at sea unhappily af=d ample evid5ce ( ! fatal effici5cy ( ! ramm+ pr9ciple4 ,ev5 ironclad %ips h n be5 able to )/& ! de/ructive effect4 ,! ,vangu>d & ! ,kurfur/ n[ lie at ! bottom ( ! sea 9 consequ5ce ( an accid5tal end-on ram f a heavy %ip go+ at a mod]ate velocity4 ,high spe$ 9 a ,/eam ,ram is only desirable :5 ! attempt is made to ov]take an enemy's %ip2 b n necess>y = do+ its de/ructive "w4 ,a cra% on ! ?ick plates ( ! /ronge/ ,ironclad1 f a ,ram ( #bjjj tons at ! spe$ ( f\r miles an h\r1 w\ld drive !m inw>ds ) ! mo/ fatal results4 #ahci4 ,inv5tion ( ! ,/eam ,hamm]1 9 its g5]al pr9ciples & details4 ,describ$ 9 text1 p4 #bca4 #ahci4 ,inv5tion ( ! ,float+ ,mort> or ,torp$o ,ram4 ,= p>ticul>s & details1 see ,report ( ,torp$o ,committee4 #ahci4 ,a ,d\ble-fac$ ,w$ge-%ap$ ,sluice-,valve = ,ma9 ,/reet ,wat]-pipes4 ,! late ,mr4 ,wick/e$1 eng9e] ( ! ,ea/ ,london ,wat] ,company1 hav+ /at$ to me ! inconv5i5ce :i* _h be5 exp]i5c$ f ! defects 9 respect ( wat]-tightness1 z well z ! difficulty ( op5+ & clos+ ! valves ( ! ma9 wat]-pipes 9 ! /reets1 ,i turn$ my att5tion to ! subject4 ,! result 0 my contrivance ( a d\ble-fac$ w$ge-%ap$ sluice-valve1 :i* comb9$ ! desirable prop]ty ( p]fect wat]-tightness ) ease ( op5+ & clos+ ! valve4 ,?is 0 effect$ by a screw :i* rais$ ! valve f its be>+s at ! fir/ p>tial turn ( ! screw1 aft] :i* !re 0 no fur!r resi/ance or friction1 except ! trifl+ friction ( ! screw 9 its nut on ! upp] "p ( ! sluice-valve4 ,:5 screw$ d[n aga91 x clos$ simultane\sly ! end ( ! entrance pipe & t ( ! exit pipe atta*$ to ! valve case 9 ! mo/ effective mann]4 image ,mr4 ,wick/e$ 0 s mu* pleas$ ) ! simplicity & effici5cy ( ?is valve t he _h x appli$ to all ! ma9 pipes ( 8 ,company4 ,:5 its advantages became kn[n1 ,i receiv$ _m ord]s f o!r wat] companies1 & ! valves h s9ce come into g5]al use4 ,! prefix$ figure w convey a cle> idea ( ! con/ruction4 ,! w$ge =m ( ! d\ble-fac$ valve is conspicu\s z ! *>act]i/ic feature ( ! arrangem5t499 footnote444 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 ,may #bc1 #ahhc1 :5 v>i\s pap]s 7 read on ,wat]works1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,i4 ,m>t5 obs]v$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! discussion3 --,x has be5 /at$ 9 ,mr4 ,gamble's pap] 7on ! wat]works ( ,port ,elizabe?7 t ! sluice valves are ( ! usual patt]n4 ,! usual patt]ns ( ! pres5t day are 9 wond]ful advance ( ^? ( ?irty or =ty ye>s s9ce4 ,! great improvem5t orig9at$ ) ! introduction ( '! d\ble-fac$ sluice-cock4' ,?is sluice-cock1 :i* _h n[ sup]s$$ e o!r description1 0 ! creation ( ,mr4 ,james ,nasmy?'s inv5tive g5ius4 ,mr4 ,m>t5 said he well rememb]$ ! fir/ reception ( ?is useful inv5tion1 z he happ5$ at t "t to be a pupil ( ,mr4 ,?omas ,wick/e$4 ,he 0 pres5t :5 ,mr4 ,wick/e$ expla9$ to ,mr4 ,nasmy? ! want he _h exp]i5c$ ( a sluice-cock = ,wat]works purposes1 :i* %\ld %ut & rema9 p]fectly tight aga9/ a pressure com+ f ei!r side4 ,mr4 ,m>t5 _h a lively recollection ( ! in/antane\s rapidity ) :i* ,mr4 ,nasmy? n only grasp$ b provid$ = ! requirem5t2 s t almo/ by ! "t ,mr4 ,wick/e$ _h complet$ ! /atem5t ( 8 want1 ,mr4 ,nasmy? _h drawn ^u ! back ( an old lett] a r\gh sket* ( ! fir/ d\ble-fac$ sluice-cock2 & 9 less ?an an h\r _h conv]t$ ?is r\gh sket* into a full-siz$ work+ draw+2 9 ! prep>ation ( :i* x fell to ,mr4 ,m>t5's lot to h ! hon\r to assi/4 ,9 8 ',autobiography' ,mr4 ,nasmy? ref]r$ to ! conv]sation ) ,mr4 ,wick/e$1 & introduc$ a pr9t ( ! draw+ made ^u ! occasion4 ,! inv5tion has be5 ( ! greate/ use to ! ,wat]works ,eng9e]1 especially 9 connection ) ! con/ant supply sy/em1 9 :i* x frequ5tly happ5$ t ! pressure 0 sometimes aga9/ "o face ( ! sluice-cock1 & sometimes aga9/ ! o!r4-- ,see ,proce$+s & ,discussions ( ! ,in/itution ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 #ahhc1 pp4 #hh1 #hi4 444 #ahci4 ,a ,hydraulic ,mattress ,press1 capable ( ex]t+ a pressure ( ,tw5ty ?\s& tons4 ,be+ "u ! impression t !re are _m processes 9 ! manufactur+ arts1 9 :i* a p]fectly controllable compress+ p[] ( va/ pot5cy might be s]viceable1 ,i _m ye>s ago prep>$ a design ( an app>atus ( a v simple & easily execut$ k9d1 :i* w\ld supply su* a desid]atum4 ,x 0 possess$ ( a range ( compress+ or squeez+ p[]1 :i* f> surpass$ any?+ ( ! k9d t _h be5 inv5t$4 ,z above said1 x 0 p]fectly controllable2 s z ei!r to yield ! mo/ g5tle pressure1 or to possess ! p[] ( compress+ to upw>ds ( tw5ty ?\s& tons2 ! only limit to its p[] be+ 9 ! mat]ials employ$ 9 its con/ruction4 ,! pr9ciple ( ?is enorm\sly p[]ful compress+ ma*9e is simil> to t ( ! ,hydraulic ,press2 ! diff]5ce consi/+ pr9cipally 9 ! sub/itution ( :at ,i t]m a ,hydraulic ,mattress 9 place ( ! cyl9d] & ram ( ! ord9>y hydraulic press4 ,! ,hydraulic ,mattress consi/s ( a squ>e or circul> wat]-tight vessel or flat bag =m$ ( #a_/b-;in* ?ick iron or /eel plates securely rivet$ toge!r2 its dim5sions be+1 say #ae feet squ>e by #c feet deep1 & hav+ semicircul> sides1 :i* =m enables ! upp] flat "p ( ! ,mattress to rise say to ! ext5t ( #f in*es1 )\t any injury to ! rivet$ jo9ts1 z su* a rise or alt]ation ( ! normal =m ( ! semicircul> sides w\ld be p]fectly h>mless1 & n exce$ _! capability ( return+ to _! normal curve :5 ! #f-;in* rise 0 no long] necess>y1 & ! elevat+ pressure remov$4 image ,! action ( ?is gigantic press is z foll[s4 ,! ,mattress ,a ,a hav+ be5 fill$ ) wat]1 an additional quantity is suppli$ by a =ce pump1 capable ( =c+ 9 wat] ) a pressure ( "o ton to ! squ>e in*2 ?us act+ on an available surface ( at lea/ #add squ>e feet surface--namely1 t ( ! upp] flat surface ( ! ,mattress4 ,x w be =c$ up by no less a pressure ?an tw5ty ?\s& tons1 & transf] t enorm\s pressure to any article t is plac$ betwe5 ! ris+ table ( ! press & ! upp] table4 ,:5 any object less ?ick ?an ! normal space is requir$ to receive ! pressure1 ! sp>e space mu/ be fill$ ) a suitable set ( iron flat blocks1 s z to subject ! article to be press$ to ! requisite p[]4 ,z be=e /at$1 !re may be _m processes 9 ! manufactur+ arts 9 :i* su* an enorm\s pressure may be useful2 & ?is c be accompli%$ ) p]fect ease & c]ta9ty4 ,i tru/ t ?is acc\nt ( ! pr9ciples & con/ruction ( su* a ma*9e may sugge/ "s employm5t wor?y ( its p[]s4 ,9 ! g5]al use ( ! ,mattress press1 x w\ld be be/ to supply ! pressure wat] f an accumulator1 :i* %\ld be kept con/antly full by ! action ( suitable pumps work$ by a small /eam-eng9e4 ,! great press w\ld require ! high-pressure wat] only n[ & !n2 s t x w\ld n be necess>y to wait = ! small pump to supply ! pressure wat] :5 ! ,mattress 0 requir$ to be 9 action4 #ahdj4 ,a ,tapp+ ,squ>e1 or in/rum5t by :i* ,p]fect ,v]ticality ( ! ,tapp+ ( ,screw$ ,holes is insur$4 image ,! lett] ,x %[s h[ ,screws are frequ5tly made :5 tapp$ 9 ! old mode2 ! lett] ,t z !y are always made :5 ! ,tapp+ ,squ>e is employ$4 #ahdj4 ,a ,mode ( turn+ ,segm5tal ,"w 9 ! ,ord9>y ,la! ,9 execut+ an ord] = tw5ty locomotive eng9es = ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway ,company1 !re 0 necess>ily a repetition ( detail p>ts4 ,_m ( !m requir$ ! lab\r ( ! mo/ skilful workm51 z ! p>ts ref]r$ to did n admit ( _! be+ execut$ by ! la! or plan+-ma*9e 9 _! ord9>y mode ( application4 ,b ! co/ ( _! execution by h& lab\r 0 s great1 & ! risk ( inaccuracy 0 s common 7:]e extreme accuracy 0 ess5tial71 t ,i _h rec\rse to ! aid ( special me*anical contrivances & ma*9e tools = ! purpose ( gett+ ov] ! difficulty4 ,! annex$ illu/ration has ref]5ce to only "o class ( objects 9 :i* ,i effect$ great sav+ 9 ! production1 z well z great accuracy 9 ! "w4 ,x ref]s to a contrivance = produc+ by ! turn+-la! ! eighty b&s ( ! ecc5trics = ^! tw5ty eng9es4 ,be+ ( a segm5tal =m1 b ) a projection at ea* extremity1 :i* r5d]$ _! production & f9i% impossible by ! ord9>y la!1 ,i be?\ght me ( apply+ :at is t]m$ ! mangle motion to ! rim ( a face plate ( ! lay1 ) s _m p9s 9 x z to give ! requir$ c\rse ( segm5tal motion = ! turn+ tool to op]ate ^u1 betwe5 ! projections ,c ,c 9 ! illu/ration4 image ,i avail$ myself ( ! limit$ to-&-fro horizontal motion ( ! %aft ( ! mangle motion :eel1 z x1 at ea* end ( ! r[ ( pegs --9 ! face plate 7:5 x passes f ! ext]ior to ! int]ior range ( !m7 9 giv+ ! fe$ motion to ! tool 92 ! slide re/1 turn$ ! segm5tal ext]ior ( ! ecc5tric hoops4 ,?is x did p]fectly1 z ! *ange ( position ( ! small %aft occurr$ at ! exact "t :5 ! cut 0 at its t]m9ation1--t be+ ! correct mom5t to give ! tool ! fe$1 or advance = ! tak+ ( ! next cut4 ,! sav+1 9 respect to "t1 0 #aj to #a 9 comp>ison ) ! same am\nt ( "w done by h& lab\r2 :ile ! tru? or correctness ( ! "w done by ?is h&y little application ( ! turn+-la! 0 absolutely p]fect ,i h be5 ! m p>ticul> 9 my allusion to ?is contrivance1 z x is applicable to any la!1 & c p]=m "w :i* no la! )\t x c accompli%4 ,! unceas+ indu/ry ( su* ma*9es is no small addition to _! attractions1 9 respect to ! production ( unque/ionably accurate "w4 #ahdc4 ,inv5tion ( ! ,/eam ,hamm] ,pile-driv]4 ,describ$ 9 text1 p4 #bfa4 #ahdc4 ,a ,univ]sal ,flexible ,jo9t = ,/eam & ,wat]-pipes4 ,image ,! *ief novelty 9 ?is swivel jo9t is ! mann] 9 :i* ! pack+ ( ! jo9ts is completely enclos$1 !reby r5d]+ !m p]fectly & p]man5tly wat]tight4 #ahdd4 ,an ,improvem5t 9 ,bl[+ ,fans & _! ,be>+s4 ,! pr9ciple on :i* ,bl[+ ,fans act1 & to :i* !y owe _! effici5cy1 consi/s 9 _! communicat+ ,c5trifugal action to ! air )9 !m4 ,9 ord] to obta9 ! maximum =ce ( bla/1 ) ! m9imum exp5diture ( p[]1 x is requisite s to =m ! outside rim ( ! ,fan-case z t ea* comp>tm5t =m$ by ! space betwe5 ! ends ( ! blades ( ! ,fan %all 9 its c\rse ( rotation possess an equal facility ( exit = ! passage ( ! air x is dis*>g+4 ,?us1 9 a ,fan ) six blades1 ! space betwe5 ! top ( ! blades & ! case ( ! ,fan %\ld increase 9 area 9 ! progressive ratios ( #a-b-c-d-e-f4 ,image ,if a ,fan be con/ruct$ on ?is common-s5se pr9ciple1 we %all secure ! maximum ( bla/ f ! m9imum ( driv+ p[]4 ,& n only s2 b ! humm+ s\nd--s disagreeable an accompanim5t to ! action ( ! ,fans 7be+ caus$ by ! successive sudd5 escape ( ! air f ea* comp>tm5t z x comes opposite ! space :]e x c dis*>ge its conf9$ block ( air7--w be avoid$4 ,:5 ! out] case ( a ,fan is =m$ on ! exp&+ or spiral pr9ciple1 z above describ$1 all ^! important advantages w att5d its use4 ,z ! inw>d curr5t ( air ru%es 9 at ! circul> op5+s on ea* side ( ! ,fan-case1 & w\ld ?us oppose ea* o!r if !re 0 a free communication betwe5 !m1 ?is is effectually obviat$ by =m+ ! rotat+ portion ( ! fan by a disc ( iron plate1 :i* prev5ts ! opposite 9-ru%+ curr5ts f int]f]+ ) ea* o!r1 & at ! same "t supplies a mo/ sub/antial means ( fa/5+ ! blades1 z !y are conv5i5tly rivet$ to ?is c5tral disc4 ,on ! :ole1 ?is arrangem5t ( ma*9]y supplies a mo/ effective ,noiseless ,bl[+ ,fan4 #ahde4 ,a direct ,action ,suction ,fan = ! ,v5tilation ( ,coal-,m9es4 ,! frequ5cy ( disa/r\s colli]y explosions induc$ me to give my att5tion to an improv$ me?od = v5tilat+ coal m9es4 ,! practice !n 0 to employ a furnace1 plac$ at ! bottom ( ! upca/ %aft ( ! coal-pit1 to produce ! necess>y v5tilation4 ,?is practice 0 highly riskful4 ,x 0 dang]\s z well z ineffective4 ,x 0 also liable to total de/ruction :5 an explosion occurr$1 & ! means ( v5tilation 7 ?us lo/ :5 x 0 mo/ urg5tly requir$4 ,! v5tilation ( m9es by a curr5t ( air =c$ by a ,fan into ! work+s1 _h be5 propos$ by a ,g]man nam$ ,george ,agricola1 z f> back z #afba4 ,! arrangem5t is f\nd figur$ 9 8 "w entitl$ ,de ,re ,metalicat1 p4 #afb4 ,b 9 all cases 9 :i* ?is sy/em ( =c+ air ?r\gh ! work+s & passages ( a m9e has be5 tri$1 x has inv>iably be5 f\nd unsuccessful z a means ( v5tilation4 ,z all rotative ,bl[+ ,fans draw 9 ! air at _! c5tres1 & expel x at _! circumf]5ce1 x occurr$ to me t if we 7 to make a communication betwe5 ! upca/ %aft ( ! m9e & ! c5tre or suctional "p ( ! ,fan clos+ ! top ( ! upca/ %aft1 a ,fan s arrang$ w\ld draw out ! f\l air f ! m9e1 & all[ ! fre% air to desc5d by ! d[nca/ %aft1 & s trav]se ! work+s4 ,& z a ,suction ,fan s plac$ w\ld be on ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 & q out ( ! way ( any risk ( injury--be+ op5 to view & inspection at all times--we %\ld ?us h an effective & tru/wor?y means = ?or\gh v5tilation4 ,image ,hav+ communicat$ ! design = my ,direct ,action ,suction ,fan = coal-pit v5tilation to ! ,e>l ,fitzwilliam1 ?r\gh 8 ag5t ,mr4 ,h>top1 9 #ahej1 8 lord%ip 0 s mu* pleas$ ) x t ,i receiv$ an ord] = "o ( #ad feet diamet]1 = ! purpose ( v5tilat+2 "o ( 8 l>ge/ coalpits4 ,i arrang$ ! /eam-eng9e :i* gave motion to ! l>ge ,fan1 s z to be a "p ( x2 & by plac+ ! crank ( ! eng9e on ! end ( ! ,fan-%aft1 ! eng9e transf]r$ its p[] to x 9 ! mo/ simple & direct mann]4 ,! high satisfaction :i* ?is ,v5tilat+ ,fan gave to ! ,e>l & to all connect$ ) 8 coal-m9es1 l$ to my receiv+ ord]s = sev]al ( !m4 ,i took out no pat5t = ! inv5tion1 b s5t draw+s & descriptions to all :om ,i knew to be int]e/$ 9 coalm9e v5tilation4 ,i read a pap] on ! subject1 & exhibit$ ! necess>y draw+s1 at ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,ipswi* 9 #ahea4 ,^! 7 aft]w>ds publi%$ 9 ! ,m9+ ,j\rnal4 ,! consequ5ce is t _m ( my ,suction ,v5tilat+ ,fans are n[ 9 successful action at home & abroad4 #ahde4 ,an improvem5t 9 ! ,l9ks ( ,*a9 ,cables4 #ahde4 ,an ,improv$ ,me?od ( ,weld+ ,iron4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important processes 9 connection ) ! production ( ! details ( ma*9]y1 & o!r purposes 9 :i* malleable iron is employ$1 is t t]m$ weld+1 namely1 :5 m or less complex =ms are1 s to speak1 built up by ! union ( suitable portions ( malleable iron unit$ & incorporat$ ) ea* o!r 9 ! process ( weld+4 ,?is consi/s 9 heat+ ! p>ts :i* we desire to unite to a :ite heat 9 a smi?'s =ge fire1 or 9 an air furnace1 by means ( :i* t peculi> adhesive wax-l capability2 ( /ick+ toge!r is induc$1--s t :5 ! sev]al p>ts are =cibly press$ into close contact by bl[s ( a hamm]1 _! union is r5d]$ p]fect4 ,b z ! int5se degree ( heat :i* is requisite to induce ?is adhesive quality is accompani$ by ! production ( a molt5 oxide ( iron t cl+s t5aci\sly to ! :ite-hot surfaces ( ! iron1 ! union w n be complete unless e p>ticle ( ! adhes+ molt5 scoriae is ?or\ghly dis*>g$ & driv5 out f betwe5 ! surfaces we desire to unite by weld+4 ,if by any want ( due c>e on ! "p ( ! smi?1 ! surfaces be concave or h holl[s 9 !m1 ! scoriae w be sure to lurk 9 ! recesses1 & result 9 a defective weld+ ( a mo/ trea*]\s nature4 ,?\gh ! ext]ior may display no evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is f]tile cause ( failure1 yet "s undue or unexpect$ /ra9 w r5d & disclose ! %ut-up scoriae1 & probably end 9 "s fatal break-d[n4 ,! annex$ figures w p]haps s]ve to r5d] my rem>ks on ?is truly important subject m cle> to ! read]4 ,image ,fig4#a repres5ts an imp]fectly prep>$ surface ( two pieces ( malleable iron ab\t to be weld$4 ,! result ( _! concavity ( =m is t ! scoriae are almo/ c]ta9 to be %ut up 9 ! holl[ "p1--z ! pieces w unite fir/ at ! edges & ?us include ! scoriae1 :i* no am\nt ( subsequ5t hamm]+ w ev] dislodge4 ,!y w rema9 lurk+ betwe51 z se5 9 ,fig4#b4 ,happily1 ! means ( obviat+ all su* trea*]\s risks are z simple z !y are ?or\ghly effective4 ,all t has to be done to r5d] _! occurr5ce next to impossible is to give to ! surfaces we desire to unite by weld+ a convex =m z repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #c2 ! result ( :i* is t we ?us provide an op5 door = ! scoriae to escape f betwe5 ! surfaces1--z ^! unite fir/ 9 ! c5tre1 z due to ! convex =m1 & !n ! union proce$s outw>ds1 until e p>ticle ( scoriae is expell$1 & ! union is p]fectly complet$ "u ! bl[s ( ! hamm] or o!r compress+ ag5cy4 ,fig4 #d repres5ts ! f9al & p]fect completion ( ! weld+1 :i* is effect$ by ?is common-s5se & simple means1--t is1 by giv+ ! surfaces a convex =m in/ead ( a concave "o4 ,:5 ,i 0 call$ by ! ,lords ( ! ,admiralty 9 #ahdf to s]ve on a ,committee1 ! object ( :i* 0 to inve/igate ! causes ( failure 9 ! wr\ght-iron smi? "w ( ! navy1 _m sad in/ances came be=e u ( accid5ts :i* _h be5 caus$ by defective weld+1 especially 9 ! vitally important articles ( ,an*ors & ,*a9 ,cables4 ,9 ! case ( ! occasional failure ( *a9 cables1 ! cause 0 g5]ally assign$ to defective mat]ial2 b circum/ances l$ me to ! conclusion t x 0 a "q ( workman%ip or maltreatm5t ( :at ,i knew to be ( excell5t mat]ial4 ,i !re=e in/itut$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts :i* yield$ conclusive evid5ce ^u ! subject2 & :i* prov$ t defective weld+ 0 ! ma9 & *ief cause ( failure4 ,9 ord] to prove ?is1 sev]al app>5tly excell5t cables 71 by ! aid ( ! prov+ ma*9e1 pull$ to pieces1 l9k by l9k1 & a c>eful record 0 kept ( ! nature ( ! fracture4 ,! result 01 t out ( e #ajj l9ks pull$ asund] #hj cases cle>ly exhibit$ defective weld+2 :ile only #bj 7 brok5 ?r\gh ! cle> s\nd metal4 ,?is yield$ a v important lesson to ^? specially conc]n$4 #ahde4 ,introduction ( ! ,v ,anvil4 ,9 connection ) my ,/eam ,hamm]1 :5 employ$ 9 =g+ great cyl9drical %afts1 ,i introduc$ :at ,i t]m$ my ,v anvil4 ,its employm5t has mo/ importantly contribut$ to secure p]fect s\ndness 9 su* class ( =g+s4 ,9 ! old sy/em ( =g+ cyl9drical %afts1 ! b> 0 plac$ ^u a flat-fac$ anvil4 ,! effect ( ea* bl[ ( ! hamm] ^u ! "w 0 to knock ! %aft into an oval =m 7see ,fig4 #a72 & ! inevitable result ( a succession ( su* bl[s 0 de/ruction ( ! s\ndness ( ! c5tre or axis ( ! %aft4 image ,9 ord] to rem$y ?is grave defect1 aris+ f ! employm5t ( a flat-fac$ anvil1 ,i introduc$ my ,v anvil face 7see ,fig4 #b71 ! effect ( :i* 01 t ! disp]sive action ( ! bl[ ( ! hamm] 0 *ang$ into a conv]g+ action1 :i* ensur$ ! p]fect s\ndness ( ! "w2 :ile ! ,v or =k-l =m ( ! angle face kept ! "w /eadily "u ! c5tre ( ! hamm]1 all[+ ! scale or scoriae to fall into ! apex or bottom ( ! ,v1 :i* ?us pass$ away1 leav+ ! faces ( ! angle q cle>4 ,?is simple & common-s5se improvem5t 0 eag]ly & g5]ally adopt$1 & has be5 productive ( mo/ satisfactory & important results4 #ahdg4 ,a ,sph]ical-seat$ ,direct-weight$ ,safety ,valve4 ,hav+ be5 on sev]al occasions call$ to inve/igate ! causes ( /eam boil] explosions1 my att5tion 0 naturally direct$ to ! condition ( ! ,safety ,valve4 ,i f\nd ! con/ruction ( !m 9 _m cases to be defective 9 pr9ciple z well z 9 me*anical details2 result+ *iefly f ! employm5t ( a conical =m 9 ! valve1 :i* necessitat$ ! use ( a guide sp9dle to enable x to keep 9 correct relative position to its correspond+ conical seat1 z se5 at ,a 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,z ?is guide sp9dle is always liable to be clogg$ ) ! muddy deposit f ! boil+ wat]1 :i* yields a v adhesive encru/ation1 ! result is a v riskful t5d5cy to imp$e ! free action ( ! ,safety ,valve1 & !reby prev5t its s]v+ its purpose4 image ,) a view to remove all su* causes ( unc]ta9ty 9 ! action ( ?is vitally important "p ( a /eam boil] ,i design$ a ,safety ,valve1 hav+ a sph]ical valve & correspond+ seat1 z se5 9 ,b ,c1 ,fig4 #b4 ,?is =m ( ,safety ,valve _h ! important prop]ty ( fitt+ to its be>+-seat 9 all positions1 requir+ no o!r guide ?an its own sph]ical seat to effect t ess5tial purpose4 ,& z ! weight requir$ to keep ! valve clos$ until ! exact desir$ maximum pressure ( /eam has be5 atta9$1 is directly atta*$ to ! "u side ( ! valve by ! rod1 ! weight1 by be+ inside ! boil]1 is plac$ out ( rea* f any attempt to tamp] ) x4 ,! entire arrangem5t ( ?is ,safety ,valve is q simple4 ,x is free f all ,lev] ,jo9ts & o!r p>ts :i* might become clogg$2 & z !re is always a slight p5dul\s motion 9 ! weight by ! action ( ! wat] 9 ! boil]1 ! sph]ical surfaces ( ! valve & its seat are ?us ev] kept 9 p]fect ord]4 ,z soon z ! desir$ pressure ( /eam has be5 rea*$1 & ! gravity ( ! weight ov]come1 ! valve rises f its seat1 & gives p]fectly free egress to any f>!r accumulation ( /eam4 ,x is really q a treat1 9 its way1 to obs]ve ?is truly simple & effective ,safety ,valve 9 action4 ,aft] ,i _h contriv$ & introduc$ ?is ,safety ,valve1 its valuable prop]ties 7 spe$ily ackn[l$g$1 &4 its employm5t has n[ become v g5]al4 #ahdg4 ,a ,ma*9e = cutt+ out ,cott> ,slots & ,key-,groove ,recesses 9 ,p>ts ( ,ma*9]y by a ,trav]s+ ,drill4 ,"o ( ! mo/ t$i\s & co/ly processes 9 ! execution ( ! detail p>ts ( ma*9]y is ! cutt+ out ( ,cott> ,slots 9 pi/on rods1 connect+ rods1 & key recesses 9 %afts4 ,?is op]ation us$ to be p]=m$ by drill+ a r[ ( holes ?r\gh ! solid body ( ! object1 & !n *ipp+ away ! int]m$iate metal betwe5 ! holes1 & fil+ ! rude slot1 s produc$1 into its requir$ =m4 ,! :ole op]ation1 z ?us conduct$1 0 "o ( ! mo/ t$i\s & irksome jobs t an eng9e] workman c\ld be set to1 & c\ld only be p]=m$ by ^? possess$ ( ! highe/ skill4 ,:at ) brok5 *isels & files1 & ! t$i\s nature ( ! "w1 x 0 a mo/ sev]e task to ! v be/ m51 n to speak ( ! heavy co/ 9 wages4 ,9 ord] to obviate all ^! disadvantages1 ,i contriv$ an arrangem5t ( a drill+ ma*9e1 ) a specially =m$ drill1 :i* at once r$uc$ ! process to "o ( ! easie/ conduct$ 9 an eng9e]'s work%op4 ,image ,!4 special =m ( ! ,drill consi/$ 9 ! removal ( ! c5tre portion ( its flat cutt+ face by mak+ x ) a not* ,o4 ,?is enabl$ x to cut sideways1 z well z d[nw>ds1 & ?us to cut a slit or oblong hole4 ,no lab\r1 z su*1 0 requir$2 b only ! intellig5t sup]9t5d5ce ( a lad to place ! "w 9 ! ma*9e1 & remove x = ! next piece 9 its turn4 ,! ma*9e did ! lab\r1 & by its self-action did ! "w 9 ! mo/ p]fect mann]4 ,i may fur!r m5tion t ! arrangem5t ( ! ma*9e consi/$ 9 caus+ ! object to trav]se to & fro 9 a /raight l9e1 ( any requir$ l5g?1 "u ! action ( ! drill4 ,! trav]s+ action 0 obta9$ by ! employm5t ( an adju/able crank1 :i* gave ! requisite motion to a slide table1 on :i* ! "w 0 fa/5$4 ,! fe$ d[nw>ds ( ! drill 0 effect$ by ! crank at ! mom5t ( its rev]s+ ! slide1 z ! drill rea*$ ! end ( ! trav]se2 &1 z !re is a slight pause ( ! trav]se at ea* end ( x1 ! fe$ = ! next cutt+ tak+ place at t "t1 ! drill has ! opportunity giv5 to p]fect its cut ere x comm5ces ! next cutt+ trav]se 9 succession4 ,?is action cont9ues 9 regul> c\rse until ! drill makes its way "r ?r\gh ! piece ( "w "u its action2 or c be arre/$ at any requir$ dep? accord+ to ! requirem5ts ( ! "w4 ,soap & wat] z a lubricator cont9ues to drop into ! recess ( ! slot1 & is always 9 its "r place to assi/ ! cutt+ ( ! drill4 ,z be=e said1 ! entire function ( ?is mo/ effective ma*9e tool is self-act+4 ,x only requir$ an intellig5t lad or lab\r] to att5d to x2 &1 z !re 0 ample "t to sp>e1 ! sup]9t5d5ce ( two ( ^! ma*9es 0 q )9 8 ability4 ,! rates ( ! productive p[]s ( ?is ma*9e1 z comp>$ ) ! =m] employm5t ( h& lab\r1 0 at lea/ t5 to "o2 to say no?+ ( ! sup]ior quality ( ! "w execut$4 ,su* 7 ! manifold advantages ( ?is ma*9e1 t its m]its soon became kn[n & appreciat$2 & al?\gh ,i _h tak5 out no pat5t = x1 we always _h an abundance ( ord]s1 z x 0 its own be/ adv]tisem5t4 #ahdh4 ,a ,/eam ,hamm] ,=m ( ,/eam-,eng9e4 ,image ,?is eng9e is ( great simplicity & get-at-ability ( p>ts4 ,x is specially adapt$ = screw-propell$ /eam%ips1 & _m o!r purposes4 ,x is n[ 9 v g5]al use4 ,! outl9e is giv5 above4 #ahdh4 ,application ( ,hydraulic ,p[] to ! ,pun*+ ( ,l>ge ,holes 9 ,iron ,b>s1 & ,plates ( ,great ,?ickness4 ,dr4 ,f>aday hav+ appli$ to me to furni% him1 = "o ( 8 lectures at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 ) "s /rik+ example ( ! ,p[] ( ,ma*9]y 9 ov]com+ ! resi/ance to p5etration 9 ! case ( "s su* mat]ial z cold malleable iron1 x occurr$ to me to apply ! tranquil b va/ p[] ( a hydraulic press to pun* out a l>ge hole 9 a ?ick cake ( malleable iron4 ,kn[+ t my excell5t fri5d ,john ,rick _h 9 8 works at ,bolton "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful hydraulic presses !n exi/+1 contriv$ & con/ruct$ by 8 +5i\s fa!r1 ! late ,b5jam9 ,hick1 ,i proce$$ to ,bolton1 & expla9$ ,dr4 ,f>aday's requirem5t1 :51 ) 8 usual lib]al zeal1 ,mr4 ,hick at once plac$ ! use ( 8 great hydraulic press at my s]vice4 ,hav+ _h a suitable cake ( /eam-hamm]$ malleable iron giv5 to me = ! purpose 9 "q1 by my valu$ fri5d ,?omas ,lev] ,ru%ton ( ! ,bolton ,ironworks1 we soon _h ! cake ( iron plac$ 9 ! great press4 ,x 0 #e in*es ?ick1#ah in*es long1 & #ae in*es wide4 ,plac+ a cyl9drical c\pl+ box ( ca/-iron on ! table ( ! press1 & !n plac+ ! ?ick cake ( iron on x1 & a %ort cyl9drical mass ( iron 7some:at ( ! size & =m ( a ,/ilton ,*eese7 on ! iron cake1 ! c\pl+ box act+ z ! ,bol/] ( ! extemporis$ pun*+ ma*9e1--! press 0 !n set to "w4 ,we soon saw ! ,/ilton ,*eese-l pun* beg9 to s9k sl[ly & quietly ?r\gh ! #e-;in* ?ick cake ( iron1 z if x _h be5 /iff clay4 ,! only s\nd he>d 0 :5 ! pun*$-out mass dropp$ into ! recess ( ! c\pl+ bel[4 ,su* a demon/ration ( tranquil b almo/ resi/less p[] ( a hydraulic press _h nev]1 s f> z we 7 aw>e1 be5 se5 be=e4 ,! pun*$ ( iron1 toge!r ) ! pun*$-out disc1 7 !n pack$ (f to ,f>aday2 & great 0 8 delight 9 hav+ 8 reque/ s promptly compli$ )4 ,great also 0 ! wond] ( 8 audi5ce :5 ! pun*$ plate 0 plac$ ^u ! lecture table4 ,?is feat ( ,b5jam9 ,hick's great hydraulic press set me a-?9k+4 ,i conceiv$ ! idea t ! application ( hydraulic press p[] might s]ve _m simil> purposes 9 deal+ ) ultra ?ick plates or b> iron1--su* z ! pun*+ out ( holes1 & cutt+ ?ick b>s & plates into def9ite %apes1 z might be requir$4 ,i sugge/$ ! subject to my fri5d ,*>les ,fox1 head ( ! firm ( ,fox1 ,h5d]son1 & ,co4 ,he _h tak5 a l>ge contract = a *a9 bridge1 ! l9ks ( :i* 7 to be ( ?ick flat iron b>s1 ) ! ends broad5$ out = ! l9k-p9s to pass ?r\gh4 ,he _h describ$ to me ! tr\ble & co/ !y _h occasion$ him 9 drill+ ! holes1 & 9 cropp+ ! rude-%ap$ ends ( ! b>s into ! requir$ =m4 ,i advis$ him to try ! use ( ! hydraulic press z a pun*+-ma*9e1 & also z a cutt+-ma*9e to dress ! ends ( ! great l9ks4 ,he did s 9 due "t1 & f\nd ! sugge/ion ( great s]vice & value to him 9 ?is1 & 9 o!r cases ( a simil> k9d4 ,! sav+ ( co/ 0 v great1 & ! "w 0 mu* m p]fect ?an "u ! =m] sy/em4 #ahdh4 ,an ,alt]nately-pegg$ ,%ive or ,pulley = ,rope ,b& ,p[] ,transmission4 #ahdh4 ,a ,turn-table ,trunnion ,vision ,reflect+ ,telescope4 ,?is is s arrang$ t ! obs]v] c direct ! ,telescope & view an object 9 any "p ( ! heav5s )\t mov+ f 8 seat1 :i* is atta*$ to ! turn-table4 ,= explanations1 see text1 p4 #ccg4 #ahej4 ,a ,d\ble or ,ambidext] ,self-act+ ,turn+-,la!1 ) ,dead ,gutt]s1 specially adapt$ = turn+ ,bolts & su*like detail ,p>ts ( ,ma*9]y4 ,image ,image ,?is is a v valuable tool4 ,x requires only "o att5dant4 ,x is especially useful z reg>ds effici5cy & economy4 ,x w be suffici5tly und]/ood by me*anical eng9e]s f ! annex$ draw+s4 #aheb4 ,a ,solid-b> ,l9k-,valve ,motion1 especially valuable = ! l>g] class ( ,m>9e ,/eam-,eng9es4 #ahed4 ,/eam ,puddl+ ,pat5t4 ,?is 0 ! pione] ( ! ,bessem] process4 ,see ,bessem] correspond5ce1 p4 #ced #ahed4 ,a ,rev]sible ,roll+ ,mill )\t ,fly-:eel4 ,?is ,roll+ ,mill consi/s ( two comb9$ /eam-eng9es1 act+ on cranks at "r angles1 ! rev]s+ ( ! rolls be+ effect$ by ! l9k motion4 ,! requisite roll+ p[] is obta9$ by suitable :eel & p9ion ge>1 s z to be entirely indep5d5t ( ! mom5tum ( a fly-:eel1 :i* is entirely disp5s$ )4 ,i did n pat5t ! inv5tion4 ,z usual 9 su* cases1 ,i made no secret ( x1 b s5t sket*es explanatory ( ! arrangem5t to _m pr(essional fri5ds int]e/$ 9 me*anical improvem5ts4 ,x 0 adopt$ by _m1 especially = roll+ long & heavy b>s & plates4 ,x enabl$ ! workm5 to see-saw ^! pond]\s objects1 & pass !m to & fro ?r\gh ! rolls ) ! utmo/ case1-- to ! great sav+ ( heat1 "t1 & lab\r4 ,! inv5tion 0 fir/ br\ght into use by ,mr4 ,ramsbo?am at ! ,crewe works ( ! ,london & ,nor?-,we/]n ,railway4 ,on ! #d? ,decemb] #ahff ,i receiv$ ! foll[+ lett] f him3 ,,de> ,,sir--,i mu/ crave y\r =giv5ess = my great delay 9 ackn[l$g+ ! receipt ( y\r k9d lett] ( ! #bi? ,augu/1 9 :i* y ref] to ! successful c>ry+ out at ^! works ( y\r idea ( a ',rev]sible ,roll+ ,mill )\t a ,fly-:eel4' ,x has long be5 to me a matt] ( a/oni%m5t t y\r idea has n be5 r$uc$ to practice ye>s ago1 p>ticul>ly :5 x is consid]$ h[ well ! arrangem5t is adapt$ to ! roll+ ( ,arm\r ,plates1 or o!r "w requir+ a su/a9$ ef=t1 :il/ x is at ! same "t m effective ?an ! ord9>y mill arrangem5t = v light "w4 ,s mu* is ?is latt] true1 t ! m5 :o are left to _! own *oice 9 ! matt]1 w rev]se ! mill r ?an pass a light %eet ( #h or #aj lbs4 weight ov] ! upp] roll4 ,?is c\ntry is mu* indebt$ to y = s valuable a sugge/ion2 & n[ t x has be5 br\ght to a successful issue1 ,i h no d\bt b x w be widely act$ ^u4 ,i ne$ n add t x w af=d me mu* pleasure to %[ y ! mill1 & also :at we are do+ g5]ally1 if y %\ld at any "t visit ,crewe4-- ,believe me v fai?fully y\rs1 ,j4 ,,ramsbo?am4 ,i also communicat$ ! inv5tion to ,mr4 ,?omas ,gillott ( ! ,f>nley ,ironworks1 ,york%ire1 & receiv$ f him ! foll[+ lett]1 dat$ ! #b;d ,janu>y #ahgg3 ,,de> ,,sir--,i 0 mu* gratifi$ to see by y\r lett] 9 ,eng9e]+ ! int]e/ y h %[n ) respect to ! l>ge ,rev]s+ ,plate ,mill erect$ by me at ^! works1 & drawn on ! plan sugge/$ by y4 ,all[ me to ?ank y = ! complim5t>y mann] 9 :i* y h m5tion$ my "w4 ,s9ce ! notice appe>$1 we h done a deal ( heavy "w 9 ?is mill2 & a plate l>ge en\gh to %e> #aa' #j & #aj' #b & #a_/b ?ick has be5 roll$ 9 five m9utes4 ,! slab w5t ?r\gh ! roll #ag times be=e be+ roll$ to ! wid? & turn$ r\nd1 & #ah times aft] turn+ & ( ! full wid?2 mak+ a total ( #ce passes--! turn+ occupy+ #bj seconds4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ h[ rapidly a ?9 plate cools1 ?is p]=mance w suffici5tly indicate ! sev]e "w ?is mill is capable ( do+2 not)/&+ ! _m pr$ictions t su* l>ge plates c\ld n be roll$ )\t a fly-:eel4 ,z to repairs1 none h be5 requir$2 s ,i _c comp>e ?is ) ! ,clut* sy/ems4 ,9 respect ( /eam us$1 ! direct act+ eng9es comp>e fav\rably ) an expansion beam cond5s+ eng9e do+ simil> b light] "w4 ,%\ld x ev] be y\r wi% to see ?is mill at "w1 ,i %\ld be mu* pleas$ to h ! opportunity ( %[+ x to y4-- ,i am1 de> sir1 y\r ob$i5t s]vant1 ,,?omas ,,gillott4 #ahed4 ,drill+ ,tunnels ?r\gh ,h>d ,rock4 ,besides ^! contrivances & me?ods ( accompli%+ me*anical objects1 ,i h on sev]al occasions read pap]s1 prep>$ draw+s1 & giv5 sugge/ions1 out ( :i* h come s-call$ inv5tions made by o!rs4 ,= in/ance1 at ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association 9 ,liv]pool 9 #ahed1 ,i read a pap] & exhibit$ draw+s be=e ! ,me*anical ,sci5ce ,section1 on my me?od ( drill+ tunnels ?r\gh h>d rock4 ,! pap] & draw+s excit$ consid]able int]e/ among ! railway eng9e]s :o 7 pres5t4 ,i aft]w>ds met ,mr4 ,george ,newmann1 ,c4,e41 :o consult$ me on ! same subject4 ,sev]al ye>s aft] 7#ba/ ,april #ahfc7 ,i receiv$ ! foll[+ lett] f him3 ,,de> ,sir--,"s few ye>s ago1 ,i _h ! pleasure ( sp5d+ an ev5+ 9 y\r company at my relative's 7,mr4 ,g4 ,)+ton7 h\se at ,p5dleton4 ,z ,i 0 !n ,eng9e] to ! ,victor ,emmanuel ,railway1 & _h made a survey ( ! ,m\t ,c5is = ! purpose ( ! ,tunnel1 ,i consult$ y z to ! application ( ! ma*9]y = t "w4 ,y sugge/$ ! driv+ ( drills 9 a mann] simil> to a pi/on-rod1 ) o!r details4 ,on my return to ,savoy1 ,i communicat$ ^! ideas to ,mr4 ,b>tlett1 ! contractor's ag5t1 & ,i recomm5d$ him to get a small trial ma*9e made4 ,?is he _h done 9 a few mon?s1 & !n he claim$ ! :ole idea z 8 own4 ,! sy/em has s9ce be5 c>ri$ out 7see ,times1 #d? ,april #ahfc7 by compress$ air in/ead ( /eam4 ,i call y\r att5tion to ?is1 z y may contradict1 if y ?9k prop]1 ! ass]tion 9 ! article above m5tion$1 t ! idea orig9at$ ) ,b>tlett4 ,i did n1 h[ev]1 contradict ! ass]tion4 ,i am glad t my description & draw+s prov$ 9 any way useful t[>ds ! completion ( t magnific5t "w1 ! sev5-mile tunnel "u ,mont ,c5is4 #ahfb4 ,*ill$ ,ca/-iron ,%ot4 ,9 l mann]1 ,i propos$ ! use ( ,*ill$ ,ca/-,iron ,%ot at a meet+ ( ! ,me*anical ,sci5ce ,section ( ! ,briti% ,association1 held at ,cambridge 9 ,octob] #ahfb4 ,up to t "t h>d5$ /eel %ot _h be5 us$ to p5etrate ?ick iron plates1 b ! co/ 0 excessive1 ab\t #cj a ton4 ,i propos$ t ,*ill$ ,ca/-,iron %\ld be sub/itut$2 x 0 m simple & inexp5sive4 ,consid]able discussion took place on ! subject2 & ,sir ,william ,fairbairn1 :o 0 ,presid5t ( ! ,section1 said t he w\ld h exp]im5ts made1 & he hop$ t be=e ! next meet+ ( ! ,association1 ! matt] w\ld be prov$ exp]im5tally4 ,a brief report ( ! discussion is giv5 9 ! ,times ( ! #g? ,octob]1 & 9 ! ,a!naeum ( ! #ah? ,octob]1 #ahfb4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 ! matt] c\ld be put to ! te/ ( exp]im5t1 ,major ,pallis] _h tak5 out 8 ,pat5t = ! inv5tion ( ,*ill$ ,ca/-,iron ,%ot1 9 ,may #ahfc1 = :i* he 0 aft]w>ds h&somely rew>d$4 ,i d n wi% to grasp at any man's inv5tions1 b x is "r to claim my own1 & to /ate ! facts4 ,! discussion above m5tion$ took place ^u a pap] read by ,j4 ,a/on1 ,esq41 ,q4,c41 :o ?us ref]s to ! subject 9 8 lett] to me1 dat$ ! #g? ,janu>y #ahfg3 ,i p]fectly rememb] ! discussion :i* took place at ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association at ,cambridge 9 #ahfb1 ^u ! mat]ial prop] to be us$ z projectiles4 ,! discussion arose aft] a pap] _h be5 read by me 9 ! ,me*anical ,section ^u ',rifl$ guns & projectiles adapt$ = attack+ arm\r plates4' ,! pap] 01 ,i ?9k1 pr9t$ by ! ,association 9 _! ,report = #ahfb4 ,y spoke1 ,i believe1 at "s l5g? on ! occasion2 & ,i recollect t y surpris$ & mu* int]e/$ all :o 7 pres5t1 by /r5u\sly urg+ ! use ( ,*ill$ ,ca/-iron = %ot & %ell1 int5d$ = p5etrat+ arm\r plates4 ,hav+ embrac$ all opportunities1 & ,i _h _m at t "t1 ( asc]ta9+ all t 0 done 9 ! way ( improv+ rifl$ projectiles1 ,i ent]ta9$ a v /rong op9ion t exp]im5ts _h %[n t ord9>y ca/-iron 01 z comp>$ ) /eel1 ( v little value = %ot & %ell to be us$ aga9/ iron plates4 ,= t reason1 ,i rememb] ,i took an opportunity1 aft] ! t]m9ation ( ! discussion1 9 :i* y held y\r own aga9/ all com]s 9 fav\r ( *ill$ ca/-iron1 ( que/ion+ y closely on ! subject1 & y gave me1 ,i admitt$1 good reason = ! op9ion y express$4 ,y also urg$ me to cause a trial to be made ( *ill$ ca/-iron = %ell1 su* z ,i _h %[n to ! section1 & :i* 79 h>d5$ /eel %ot7 _h be5 fir$ by ,mr4 ,:itwor? ?r\gh ?ick iron plates4 ,?is ,i _h n an opportunity ( do+4 ,t]m began soon aft]1 & ,temple occupations !n took up all my "t4 ,!re c be no d\bt :atev] t any "o :o may claim to h be5 be=e y 9 tea*+ ! public ! use ( ,*ill$ ,ca/ ,iron = projectiles int5d$ to p5etrate iron plates1 mu/ give pro( ( hav+ s done prior to y\r vigor\s advocacy ( t mat]ial at ! ,cambridge ,meet+ 9 #ahfb4-- ,y\rs v s9c]ely1 ,j4,a/on4 ,9 ano!r lett] ,mr4 ,a/on says--,x is q "r ( y to ass]t y\r claim to t :i* 9 fact belongs to y4 ,i did n1 h[ev]1 ass]t my claim2 &1 ) ^! obs]vations & extracts1 ,i leave ! matt]1 /at+ aga9 ! fact t my public communication ( ! inv5tion 0 made 9 ,octob] #ahfb2 & t ! pat5t = ! inv5tion 0 tak5 out by ,major ,pallis] 9 ,may #ahfc4 ,mr ,nasmy?'s f9al comm5ts on 8 inv5tions & contrivances4 ,i h only m5tion$ ! m prom95t ( my inv5tions & contrivances4 ,_h ,i describ$ !m fully ,i %\ld h requir$ ano!r volume4 ,i h ! satisfaction to "k t _m ( !m h greatly advanc$ ! progress ( ! me*anical arts1 ?\gh !y may n be ackn[l$g$ z m9e4 ,i pat5t$ v few ( my inv5tions4 ,! o!rs ,i s[$ broadca/ ov] ! _w ( practical me*anics4 ,my rew>d is 9 ! k t ^! *ildr5 ( my bra9 are do+1 & w cont9ue to d1 good s]vice 9 "t pres5t & 9 "t to come4 ,9 me*anical /ructures & contrivances1 ,i h always endeav\r$ to atta9 ! desir$ purpose by ! employm5t ( ! ,fewe/ ,p>ts1 ca/+ aside e detail n absolutely necess>y1 & gu>d+ c>efully aga9/ ! intrusion ( m]e traditional =ms & arrangem5ts4 ,! latt] are apt to ins9uate !mselves1 & to int]f]e ) t simplicity & directness ( action :i* is 9 all cases s desirable a quality 9 me*anical /ructures4 ,,pla9 ,,common ,,s5se %\ld be app>5t 9 ! g5]al design1 z 9 ! =m & arrangem5t ( ! details2 & a g5]al "* ( sev]e utility p]vade ! :ole1 accompani$ ) z mu* att5tion to gracefulness ( =m z is consi/5t ) ! nature & purpose ( ! /ructure4 ,,! ,,sun-,,ray ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,pyramids ,,& ,,cunei=m ,,"*4 ,be=e ,i take my leave ( ! public1 ,i wi% to put on record my speculations z to ! orig9 ( two subjects ( remote antiquity1 viz4 ! ,sun-ray orig9 ( ! ,pyramids1 & ! orig9 ( ! ,arr[-head or ,cunei=m ,"*4 ,fir/1 ) respect to ! ,sun-ray orig9 ( ! ,egyptian ,pyramids4 ,9 pursu+ a v fav\rite subject ( inquiry1 namely ! orig9 ( =ms1 no portion ( x appe>s to me to be inve/$ ) s deep an int]e/ z t ( ! ,wor%ip ( ! ,sun1 "o ( ! mo/ primitive & sacr$ f\ndations ( adorative religion1--affect+ z x has done1 ar*itectural /ructures & num]\s habits & cu/oms :i* h come cl[n to u f remote antiquity1 & :i* owe _! orig9 to its influ5ce4 ,on _m occasions1 :ile behold+ ! sublime effects ( ! ,sun's ,rays /ream+ d[n on ! e>? ?r\gh op5+s 9 ! cl\ds ne> ! horizon1 ,i h be5 =cibly impress$ ) ! analogy !y appe> to sugge/ z to ! =m ( ! ,pyramid1 :ile ! s+le v]tical ray sugge/s t ( ! ,obelisk4 ,9 foll[+ up ?is subject1 ,i 0 =tunate en\gh to f9d :at appe>s to me a /rong confirmation ( my views1 namely1 t ! ,pyramid1 z su*1 0 a sacr$ =m4 ,i met ) _m examples ( ?is 9 ! ,egyptian ,collection at ! ,l\vre at ,p>is2 especially 9 small pyramids1 :i* 7 probably ! objects ( h\sehold wor%ip4 ,9 "o case ,i f\nd a small pyramid1 on ! upp] "p ( :i* appe>$ ! disc ( ! ,sun1 ) pyramidal rays desc5d+ f x on to figures 9 ! ,egyptian attitude ( adoration4 ,?is consi/s 9 ! h&s held up be=e ! eyes--an attitude expressive ( ! brightness ( ! object ador$4 ,x is associat$ ) ! brightness ( ! ,sun1 & x /ill survives 9 ! ,salaam1 :i* expresses pr(\nd rev]5ce & respect among ,ea/]n nations4 ,x also survives 9 ! disc ( ! ,sun1 :i* has = ages be5 plac$ l a halo beh9d ! heads ( sacr$ & exalt$ p]sonages1 z may be se5 9 ,ea/]n & e>ly pa9t+s1 z well z 9 *ur* w9d[s at ! pres5t day4 ,?is is also intimately connect$ ) light$ lamps & c&les1 :i* latt] may (t5 be met ) 9 ,cont95tal *ur*es1 z well z 9 ,engli% ,rituali/ ,*ur*es at ! pres5t day4 ,9 ,romi% ,cont95tal *ur*es !y are /uck on to pyramidal /&s1 & plac$ be=e pictures & images ( sacr$ p]sonages4 ,all su* light$ lamps or c&les are survivals ( t mo/ anci5t =m ( wor%ip1-- t ( ,,! ,,sun6 ,! accompany+ illu/rations w s]ve 9 "s degree to confirm ! correctness ( my views z to ?is v4 int]e/+ subject4 ,image ,fig4 #a is f a rubb+ ( "o ( ! _m small or ,h\sehold pyramids 9 ! ,l\vre ,collection at ,p>is2 ,image :ile ,fig4 #b is an attempt to illu/rate 9 a graphic mann] ! d]ivation ( ! =m ( ! ,pyramid & ,obelisk f ! ,sun's ,rays4 ,9 connection ) ! wor%ip ( ! ,sun & o!r heav5ly bodies1 z practis$ 9 anci5t times by ,ea/]n nations1 x may be m5tion$ t _! want ( k ( ! va/ di/ances t sep>ate !m f ! e>? l$ !m to ! belief t ^! bodies 7 s ne> z to ex]t a direct influ5ce ^u man & 8 affairs4 ,h5ce ! orig9 ( ,a/rology1 ) all its accompany+ my/ifications2 ?is 0 practis$ "u ! impression t ! ,sun1 ,moon1 & planets 7 ne> to ! e>?4 ,! summits ( m\nta9s & ,high ,places ?us became sacr$1 & 7 = ?is reason resort$ to = ! p]=mance ( ! mo/ important religi\s c]emonies4 ,z ! ,high ,places c\ld n be transport$ to ! ,temples1 ! cone-be>+ trees1 :i* 7 naturally associat$ ) ^! elevat$ places1 9 a mann] p>took ( _! sacr$ "*1 & ! fruit ( ! trees became 9 a l mann] sacr$4 ,h5ce ! ,fir ,cone became a portable emblem ( _! sacr$ness2 &1 accord+ly 9 ! ,assyrian ,wor%ip1 s cle>ly repres5t$ to u 9 ! ,assyrian ,sculptures 9 our ,museums1 we f9d ! ,fir ,cone be+ pres5t$ by ! prie/s t[>ds ! head ( _! k+s z a high function ( ,beatification4 ,s sacr$ 0 ! ,fir ,cone1 z ! fruit ( ! sacr$ tree1 t ! prie/ :o pres5ts x has a reticule-%ap$ bag 9 :i*1 no d\bt1 ! sacr$ emblem 0 rev]5tly deposit$ :5 n 9 use = ! p]=mance ( ^! high religi\s c]emonies4 ,! same emblem surviv$ 9 ! ,greek wor%ip4 ,i annex a trac+ f a wood engrav+ 9 ,fell[s's ,rese>*es 9 ,asia ,m9or1 #aheb 7p4 #age71 %[+ ! ,fir ,cone z ! f9ial to ! /aff ( (fice ( ! ,w9e-god ,bac*us4 ,image ,to ?is day x is employ$ to /ir ! juice ( ! grape previ\s to f]m5tation1 & s sanctify+ x by contact ) ! fruit ( ! ,sacr$ ,tree4 ,?is is /ill practis$ by ! ,greeks 9 ,asia ,m9or & 9 ,greece1 ?\gh introduc$ 9 times ( remote antiquity4 ,! ,fir ,cone communicates to mo/ ( ! ,greek w9es t peculi> turp5t9e or res9\s flav\r :i* is f\nd 9 !m4 ,al?\gh ! sanctification motive has dep>t$1 ! res9\s flav\r is all t survives ( a once mo/ sacr$ c]emony1 z hav+ s close a relation to ! wor%ip ( ! ,sun & ! heav5ly bodies4 ,9 l mann]1 x appe>s to me highly probable t ,! ,*ri/mas ,tree ) its light$ tap]s1 :i* is introduc$ at t sacr$ season = ! ent]ta9m5t ( our "y p1 is a survival ( ! wor%ip ( ! sacr$ tree & ( ! ,sun4 ,! toys :i* are hung on ! twigs ( ! tree may also be survivals ( ! (f]+s :i* 7 usually made to ! ,sun & ! heav5ly bodies4 ,if ,i am correct 9 my conjecture on ?is subject1 x ?r[s a v int]e/+ light on :at is consid]$ z a m]e ag5t = ! amusem5t ( *ildr54 ,next1 ) respect to ! ,cunei=m ,"*4 ,:5 ,i fir/ w5t to reside 9 ,london1 9 #ahbi1 ,i (t5 visit$ ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x 0 ! mo/ in/ructive & int]e/+ ( all ! public in/itutions :i* ,i _h yet se54 ,i eag]ly seiz$ e opportunity ,i c\ld sp>e to sp5d z _m h\rs z possible 9 w&]+ ?r\gh its ext5sive gall]ies1 especially ^? :i* conta9$ ! ,assyrian1 ,egyptian1 & ,greek antiquities4 ,by c>eful & repeat$ exam9ation ( ! objects arrang$ 9 !m1 ,i acquir$ _m ideas t af=d$ me subjects = ?\ght & reflection4 ,among/ ^! objects1 ,i 0 specially impress$ & int]e/$ ) ! s-call$ ,arr[-head or ,cunei=m ,inscriptions 9 ! ,assyrian ,dep>tm5t4 ,^! rem>kable inscriptions 7 on l>ge tablets ( burnt clay4 ,!y =m$ ! *ief portion ( ! !n comp>atively limit$ collection ( ,assyrian antiquities 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,image ,fig #a4 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly impress$ ) ! precision & simple beauty ( ^! cunei=m inscriptions1--especially ) ! /rik+ly di/9ctive nature ( :at ,i may t]m ! fundam5tal or elem5t>y w$ge-l =m1 ( :i* ! va/ v>iety ( lett]s or words ( ^! inscriptions 7 compos$4 ,! triangul> or ?ree-sid$ ind5tation w be obs]v$ 9 ! above engrav+ 7,fig4 #a74 ,?is elem5t>y =m1 plac$ 9 v>i\s positions ) respect to ea* o!r1 appe>$ to be capable ( yield+ an inf9ite v>iety ( lett]s & words1 z se5 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,image ,fig #b4 ,i may "h m5tion t ,i ent]$ ^u ?is int]e/+ subject ) no pret5sions z a l+ui/1 nor ) any idea ( inve/igat+ ! mean+ ( ^! rem>kable inscriptions2 b only z a ,me*anic1 to asc]ta9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! /rik+ *>act]s 7 produc$1 s z to convey words & ideas ?r\gh _! v>iety ( comb9ations4 ,i soon p]ceiv$ t ! simple b di/9ctive *>act]s %[n 9 ! above repres5tations 7 ess5tially connect$ ) ! employm5t ( pla/ic clay2 ?is be+ ! mat]ial mo/ suitable = _! impression1 by means ( a ?ree-sid$ in/rum5t or /ylus4 ,! angul> extremity ( ?is in/rum5t1 :5 depress$ into ! surface ( a tablet ( pla/ic clay 9 diff]5t positions & directions1 w\ld leave ^! cunei=m impressions 9 all _! beautifully di/9ct & *>act]i/ic =ms4 ,& ?us1 aft] ! tablets _h be5 subject$ to fire & made into h>d brick1 ! impressions h come d[n to u1 aft] ! lapse ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1 z fre% & di/9ct z if !y _h be5 produc$ b ye/]day6 ,i 0 s =tunate z to h my conjectures confirm$ ) respect to ! exact =m ( ! in/rum5t by :i* ^! rem>kable *>act]s are produc$1 obs]v+1 9 :at appe>$ to be a ha/ily-=m$ inscription on ! edge ( a l>ge brick1 t ! inscrib] _h app>5tly us$ r m pressure on 8 /ylus ?an 0 requisite4 ,9 consequ5ce ( :i*1 ! end ( x _h be5 s deeply depress$ into ! s(t clay z to leave an exact c\nt]p>t ( its size & =m4 ,i secur$ a ca/ ( ?is ov]-deep impression ( ! /ylus1 f :i* ,fig4 #c is tak51 aft] a photograph4 ,image ,fig #c4 ,9 ord] fur!r to illu/rate ! simple mode ( produc+ inscriptions on tablets ( clay1 ,i give 9 ,fig4 #d a tablet inscription produc$ by means ( ! /ylus :i* is se5 laid ov] ! tablet4 ,image ,fig #d4 ,! next illu/ration 7,fig4#e7 is int5d$ to convey an idea ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! /ylus 0 held & appli$ to ! surface ( ! clay :5 a cunei=m inscription 0 be+ produc$4 ,! upp]1 flat1 or ?ird side ( ! /ylus enabl$ ! inscrib] to keep x 9 correct relative position 9 respect to ! tablet1 yield+ at ! same "t a conv5i5t flat surface ^u :i* to re/ ! end ( 8 f+] :5 ind5t+ ! angul> end into ! clay4 ,image ,fig #e4 ,ref] back to ,fig4 #b1 & x w be f\nd t any v>iety 9 ! size ( ! cunei=m inscriptions may be produc$ by ! same /ylus1 by simply depress+ ! angul> end ( x to a great] or less dep? into ! surface ( ! clay4 ,9 _m ( ! mo/ elaborate inscriptions1 a c]ta9 lob-sid$ness ( ! cunei=m "* may be obs]v$4 ,?is is due to ! inscrib] hav+ held 8 /ylus some:at askew1 z we d a p5 9 ord9>y writ+4 ,ref]r+ to my rem>k t ! di/9ctive %ape ( ! cunei=m "* 0 ess5tially due to ! use ( pla/ic clay z ! mo/ suitable mat]ial = its production1 ,i ?9k x highly probable t ! orig9 ( ^! inscriptions took its rise n only f ! facility ) :i* ! *>act]s c\ld be ind5t$ on ! mat]ial1 b f ! abundance ( pla/ic mud :i* =ms ! natural soil ( ! l&s adjo9+ ! great ,assyrian riv]s4 ,?is :5 made into bricks1 became ! *ief build+ mat]ial ( ! en]getic p ( ,babylon & ! o!r great cities ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates valleys4 ,! labori\s "w ( brickmak+ 0 g5]ally assign$ to captives z taskwork1 & x appe>s to me highly probable t ! tale ( ! brickmak] or 8 taskma/] might be mo/ readily m>k$ by simply ind5t+ ! side ( ! s(t tale brick ) ! corn] angle ( a dry "o2 & t ?us ! /rik+ly peculi> "* ( ! cunei=m "* 0 produc$ 7see ,fig4 #f74 ,image ,fig #f4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ! elem5t>y =m 0 exp&$ into ?is mo/ beautifully simple mode ( communicat+ ideas ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( conv5tional signs or lett]s2 be+ also especially suit$ = mak+ hi/orical or o!r records on tablets ( moi/ clay1 :i*1 :5 fir$1 became absolutely inde/ructible1 s f> z "t is conc]n$4 ,?is is abundantly prov$ by ^? m>vell\sly p]fect burnt clay tablets1 cov]$ ) exquisitely m9ute & p]fect inscriptions1 :i*1 aft] hav+ rema9$ hid 9 m\nds ( rubbi% = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 among ! ru9s ( ! ,assyrian cities1 are br\ght to light z fre% & p]fect z on ! day on :i* !y 7 execut$4 ,^! tablets n[ excite ! wond] & admiration ( all :o are able to appreciate ! beauty ( ! inscriptions1 z well z ( ^? :o are speculatively curi\s z to ! orig9 ( writt5 language4 ,?is attempt to expla9 ! probable orig9 ( ! cunei=m "* may to "s appe> fanciful4 ,b :e!r or n1 x is c]ta9 t ?is simple & impressive "* c be readily produc$ by ! primitive means :i* ,i h v5tur$ to sugge/4 ,i give a cunei=m inscription 7,fig4 #g71 :i* ,i h produc$ by simply employ+ ! corn] angle ( an ord9>y brick z ! /ylus = ind5t+ ! inscription on ! tablet ( s(t clay4 ,?is might h be5 ext5d$ to any l5g?1 9 long] z well z m9ut] impressions4 ,image ,fig #g4 ,z soon z ! capability ( ! cunei=m impression 0 adopt$ z ! ,assyrian "*1 x 0 9 due "t employ$ = inscriptions on /one or o!r mat]ials1 su* z m>ble or alaba/]4 ,! *isel 0 !n sub/itut$ = ! /ylus2 b ! *>act]s rema9$ 9 a great measure ! same4 ,9 "s cases a slight modification 0 obs]vable1 be+ naturally due to ! *ange ( mat]ial & ! me?od ( c>v+ x2 b 9 mo/ respects ! dep>ture f ! clay prototype is v slight1 & ! orig9al is adh]$ to ) rem>kable integrity4 ,:5 exam9+ "s e>ly ,greek inscriptions 9 m>ble1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 9 ! ye> #ahcg1 ,i 0 mu* int]e/$ to obs]ve ! appe>ance ( a cunei=m elem5t 9 ! limbs ( sev]al ,greek lett]s1 especially 9 ! t]m9als1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #h1 ea* limb ( ! lett] be+ 9 itself a p]fect cunei=m2 & z su* ! t]m9al ( ea* limb is at "r angles to ! axis1 & n z n[ 79 our mod]n capital lett]s7 p>allel to ! l9e ( inscription4 ,image ,fig #h4 ,?is app>5t pres5ce ( ! cunei=m elem5t 9 ^! e>ly ,greek inscriptions sugge/s "s v int]e/+ hi/oric causes :i* l$ to _! introduction1 & s pass$ f ! ,greek into ! ,roman1 & ev5tually into ! capital lett]s ( our own alphabet4 ,to give "o in/ance1--?\gh _m might be cit$1--take ! capital lett] ,t1 & x w be f\nd t x w5t f ! ,cunei=m into ! ,greek1 !n into ! ,roman1 & la/ly into our own lett]1 ?us pres5t+ a rem>kable in/ance ( ! survival ( a =m f remote antiquity d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,image ,fig #i4 ,! lett]s ,a ,k ,h ,i ,k ,m ,n ,y ,x h ! di/9ct rema9s ( _! ,babylonian orig9 9 ! top & bottom /roke1 :i* is no?+ m nor less ?an a corruption ( ! orig9al or primitive arr[-head$ impression ( ! /ylus 9 ! moi/ clay1 begun ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 ,9 a lecture :i* ,i gave at ! ,royal ,in/itution 9 ,london1 9 #ahci1 & 9 ano!r at ! ,briti% ,association at ,*elt5ham1 9 #ahef1 ,i ref]r$ to ?is pres5ce ( ! cunei=m elem5t 9 ! ,greek lett]s1 illu/rat+ ! subject by actual ca/s f ! inscriptions !mselves4 ,at ,*elt5ham ! "q gave rise to a mo/ animat$ & int]e/+ discussion1 9 :i* ,dr4 ,:ewell & ,sir ,?omas ,phillips 7! great antiqu>ian7 took a prom95t "p4 ,i und]/ood t ,sir ,?omas ,phillips assign$ t ! int]mixture ( cunei=m ) ! ,greek alphabet proce$$ f ! ,sam>itans1 :o 7 orig9ally an ,assyrian colony4 ,i f9d t _m ,greek inscriptions exhibit ! cunei=m elem5t 9 ne>ly all ! lett]s compos+ !m4 ,?is is a subject well wor?y ( ! att5tion ( our antiqu>ian ,greek s*ol>s1 z po9t+ to an intimate int]c\rse ) ! ,assyrians at "s remote age4 ,! di/9ctive "* ( ! cunei=m 9 ! ,greek inscriptional lett]s c\ld n h aris5 f *ance4 ,"s int]communication ) ! ,assyrians mu/ h tak5 place4 ,?is subject is all ! m int]e/+1 z ! cunei=m elem5t appe>s to h pass$ f ! ,greek inscriptional lett]s into ^? ( ! ,romans1 & f !nce into our own capital lett]s4 ,?is af=ds a v rem>kable in/ance ( ! survival ( a =m1 :i*1 h[ev] naturally due to ! pla/ic mat]ial 9 connection ) :i* x orig9at$1 nev]!less l$ to its use = ages aft] ! circum/ances :i* l$ to its adoption _h pass$ away4 ,?is t5d5cy 9 mank9d to cl+ to %apes & =ms ?r\gh m]e traditional influ5ces is widely obs]vable1 especially 9 connection ) ar*itectural =ms1 arrangem5ts1 & decorative details4 ,x (f]s a subject ( great int]e/ to ^? :o h a natural aptitude to inve/igate :at ,i may t]m ! etymology ( =m1 a subject ( ! mo/ attractive nature1 especially to ^? :o enjoy ?9k+ & reflect+ ^u :at !y h specially obs]v$4 ,image ,assyrian roll]-seal4 ,be=e conclud+ ?is subject ,i may m5tion t ! ,assyrians employ$ a cyl9drical roll]-seal 9 ord] to produce impressions 9 a :olesale way4 ,?is is exemplifi$ 9 ! above engrav+4 ,! me*anical pr9ciples inh]5t 9 ?is beautifully simple =m ( roll]-seal1 indicate a high ord] ( +5uity1 well wor?y ( ! orig9ators ( ! arr[-head$ "*4 ,9 fact x is ! prototype n only ( ! mod]n sy/em ( calico-pr9t+ b ( ! ,wait] ,pr9t+ ,press1 by :i* ! ,times & _m o!r newspap]s are n[ pr9t$--a rem>kable in/ance ( ! survival or re/oration ( a v old me?od ( impression4 ,image ,8 ,autograph & ,?umb ,m>k4