,transcrib]'s note3 ,! copy on :i* ?is edition is bas$ 0 b\nd ) ! #c volumes ( text 9 "o physical volume & ! plates 9 ano!r4 ,!y h be5 reord]$ into #c sep>ate projects ) ! plates ins]t$ adjac5t to ! relat$ text - o!r copies are kn[n to h be5 b\nd 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,page numb]s enclos$ by curly braces 7example3 #be7 h be5 incorporat$ to facilitate ! use ( ! ,index 79 ,volume ,,iii474 ,images ( ! orig9al plates are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/illu/rati ons(e#ab;drur 99 99 99 99 99 ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,exotic ,,entomology1 ,,conta9+ ,,upw>ds ,,( ,,six ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,fifty ,,figures ,,& ,,descriptions ,,( ,,=eign ,,insects1 ,,int]sp]s$ ,,) ,,rem>ks ,,& ,,reflections ,,on ,,_! ,,nature ,,& ,,prop]ties4 ,,by ,,dru ,,drury4 ---- ,a ,,new ,,edition1 ,,br\ght ,,d[n ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,/ate ,,( ,,! ,,sci5ce1 ,,) ,,! ,,sy/ematic ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,ea* ,,species1 ,,synonyms1 ,,indexes1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,additional ,,matt]4 ,,by ,j4 ,o4 ,,we/wood1 ,f4,l4,s4 ,,soc4 ,c,s4 ,,nat4 ,,cur4 ,,mosq4 ,,soc4 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 ---- ,,vol4 ,i4 ---- ,,london3 ,,h5ry ,g4 ,,bohn1 #d1 ,,york ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 ,,mdcccxxxvii4 iii,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,edition4 ,! ackn[l$g$ value ( ! figures conta9$ 9 ,drury's ,illu/rations1#a ! extreme r>ity ( _m ( ! insects figur$ !re91 :i* cont9ue up to ! pres5t day to be unique1 & ! sc>city ( ! "w itself1 :i* appe>s almo/ unkn[n to ,cont95tal ,entomologi/s1 hav+ induc$ ! proprietor ( ! plates to republi% ! "w1 ,i h cons5t$ to und]take ! *>ge ( br++ x =? 9 a =m m adapt$ to ! pres5t greatly advanc$ /ate ( ,entomology4 ,h[ f> ,i h succe$$ mu/ be left = ! c&id ,entomologi/ to decide4 ,x is fit h[ev] t1 by way ( bespeak+ indulg5ce = ! num]\s errors into :i* ,i fe> t ,i h1 not)/&+ all my c>e1 fall51 ,i %\ld m5tion ! ob/acles :i* h op]at$ aga9/ my giv+ ! "w t p]fect /yle :i* ,i c\ld h wi%$ x to possess4 ,( ^! ! *ief difficulty has aris5 f ! non-possession ( ! specim5s :i* s]v$ = ! orig9al illu/rations1 )\t :i* x may be readily conceiv$ t x has be5 impossible to asc]ta9 ) precision _m ( ! m m9ute *>act]s1 ( :i* ! pres5t /ate ( ! sci5ce requires ! inve/igation2 ?us 9 _m cases ,i h be5 oblig$ to rema9 9 ignorance ( ! p>ticul> /ructure ( ! ant5n1 trophi & legs1 & ! disposition ( ! ve9s ( ! w+s1 9 _m ( ! small] species ( ,lepidopt]a1 s t ! precise g5]a may n 9 "s in/ances be correctly /at$2 & to _m ,i h be5 compell$ to atta* m>ks ( int]rogation = ! l reason4 ,ano!r & equally /rong ob/acle has be5 produc$ f ! little att5tion paid to exotic iv,lepidopt]a by mod]n ,entomologi/s4 ,m ?an two-?irds ( ^! ,illu/rations are illu/rative ( t beautiful ord] ( insects2 & yet1 ) ! exception ( "s ( ! %[y butt]flies & mo?s1 sc>cely a ref]5ce is to be f\nd ev5 9 ! works ( ,fabricius1 ! p]sonal fri5d ( ,drury1 ^: ,entomologia ,sy/ematica1 publi%$ 9 #agic & #agid1 conta9s ! la/ g5]al summ>y ( ! species ( ?is ord]2 ,gmel9 also1 ^: ,sy/ema ,natur x has be5 ! fa%ion to decry1 b :i*1 z a labori\s compilation f ! works ( prec$+ & *iefly ,cont95tal au?ors1 is ( great s]vice1#b 0 only acqua9t$ ) ^! illu/rations ?r\gh ! e>ly works ( ,fabricius4#c ,x is true t ,m4 ,m4 ,boisduval & ,gur9 h respectively publi%$ v>i\s new exotic ,lepidopt]a1 especially ( ! ,nocturnal gr\p1 9 ! ,voyages ( ! ,coquille & ,a/rolabe2 b we /ill want a g5]al revision1 n only ( ! species b ( ! g5]a ( ?is ord]4 ,x 0 to h be5 hop$ t1 z reg>d$ ! ,javanese species1 ?is w\ld h be5 effect$ by ,dr4 ,horsfield1 ^: "w ^u ! ,lepidopt]a ( ,java1 z f> z publi%$1 leaves no?+ to be desir$ ( ! /ructural details ( ! species illu/rat$ !re94 ,m4 ,boisduval also1 9 8 ,hi/oire ,naturelle des ,lpidoptres1 has treat$ ! subject 9 a ma/]ly mann]1 avail+ himself bo? ( ! prep>atory /ates & ve9+ ( ! w+s2 b we greatly miss ^? beautiful details :i* r5d] ! works ( ,horsfield & ,curtis invaluable4 ,x is 9 ?is comp>ative ignorance1 bo? ( ! /ructural & metamorphotic details ( exotic ,lepidopt]a1 t we may attribute ! want ( a s\nd & philosophical di/ribution ( ! ord] 9 "q2 & :i* at ! same "t prev5ts u f det]m9+ ! situation ( _m rem>kable & anomal\s gr\ps4 ,( ^! ! g5]a ,ca/nia1 ,urania1 c4 & ! :ole tribe ( ! ,zygnid may especially be m5tion$2 & x is ) ! view ( incit+ enquiry into ?is "p ( ! subject1 t ,i h introduc$ _m ( ! latt] species into ! g5us ,callimorpha among/ ! ,nocturnal mo?s4 ,ano!r ob/acle has be5 produc$ by ! little att5tion paid by ! ,entomologi/s ( ! la/ c5tury to ! geographical situation ( _! insects2 z an in/ance ( ?is1 x w be suffici5t to m5tion t ,l9nu & ,fabricius made use ( ! t]m ,9 ,indiis g5]ally1 to indicate t an insect 0 an inhabitant ei!r ( ! ,we/ or ,ea/ ,indies4 ,drury inde$ appe>s to h paid m ?an ! ord9>y degree ( att5tion to ?is "p ( ! subject1 z appe>s f ! ,catalogue ( 8 ,insects1 :i* ,i obta9$ at ! sale ( ,mr4 ,donovan's collections1 to :om1 z appe>s by a note1 !y 7 pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,drury4 ,?us "u ,lucanus int]ruptus1 7,g5us ,passalus1 ,fabricius17 we f9d ! vfoll[+ entries3-- #g4 #c4 ,int]ruptus1 ,muskito ,%ore1 ,capt4 ,keay1 also at ,m>yl&1 #h4 #c4 ,int]ruptus1 ,si]ra ,leone1 ,mr4 ,smea?man1 ,new ,york1 ,c>ol9a1 :]e !y are v l>ge4 #i4 #c4 ,int]ruptus1 ,m>yl&1 ,mr4 ,milw>d1 #agef1 ,l94 ,sy/4 p4 #efj1 f4 #d4 #aj4 #d4 ,int]rupt4 v>4 ,rio ,janeiro1 ,mr4 ,bonifas1 #agge1 t on ! "r h& f ,mr4 ,la+1 at ,tobago4 #ab4 ,int]rupt4 v>4 ,b\ght at ,seym\r's sale4 ,"h x is q evid5t t ,drury _h c>efully not$ d[n ! localities ( all ! specim5s ( ?is insect :i* he possess$1 & :i* are n[ describ$ z di/9ct species2 & ?is extract w ,i ?9k be q suffici5t to %ew1 t f ! c>eful mann] 9 :i* ^! ,catalogues 7 kept by ,mr4 ,drury1 we are entitl$ to reg>d !m1 :5 !re happ5s to be a diff]5ce betwe5 ! works ( ,drury & ,fabricius1 ,l9nu1 c4 z at lea/ ( equal au?ority ) ! writ+s ( ^! au?ors4 ,i regret t ^! ,catalogues did n come into my h&s until aft] ! fir/ & second volumes ( ?is edition 7 pr9t$ (f4 ,i h incorporat$ ! notes 9 ! ?ird volume2 & h giv51 z an ,app5dix1 extracts f ^! ,catalogues1 :]e !re happ5s to be any v>iation or d\bt z to ! locality ( any ( ! species figur$ 9 ! fir/ two volumes4 ,i h almo/ inv>iably adopt$ ! v prop] pr9ciple ( ref]r+ to t "n1 ei!r g5]ic or specific1 :i* has ! priority 9 po9t ( date4 ,9 ! fir/ edition1 ! fir/ volume appe>$ )\t specific names1 :i* 7 at t "t a novelty b rec5tly introduc$ by ,l9nu4 ,9 ! second volume1 h[ev]1 an app5dix 0 giv51 conta9+ specific names bo? ( ! fir/ & second volumes1 & a simil> app5dix 0 giv5 at ! end ( ! ?ird volume2 b no specific names appe>$ 9 ! body ( ! "w4 ,to _m ( ! names conta9$ 9 ! app5dices ,fabricius ref]r$1 _m he entirely omitt$1 & = _m he sub/itut$ o!rs4 ,^! la/ ,i h ( c\rse reject$2 & h 9 _m in/ances giv5 ! dates :5 ! names 7 fir/ impos$ by ! diff]5t au?ors--a plan :i* w\ld be v s]viceable if g5]ally adopt$4 ,i h1 likewise1 made a po9t 9 _m cases ( re/or+ ! specific prop] names1 :]e1 9 consequ5ce ( a *ange 9 ! sex ( ! g5]ic "n1 a correspond+ *ange _h be5 made 9 su* specific "n4 ,?is alt]ation _h be5 c>ri$ to a great ext5t 9 ! ,encyclopdie ,m?odique2 & _m male & female prop] names _h be5 completely alt]$1 9 ord] to suit !m to ! sex ( ! new g5]a 9 :i* !y 7 plac$4 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 an error on ! wrong side2 because x is admitt$ z an e/abli%$ pr9ciple1 t if x %\ld be ?\ght necess>y to subdivide a g5us1 ! names ( ! subdivisions %\ld be ( ! sex ( ! orig9al g5]ic "n4 ,! plan ^u :i* ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w 0 publi%$ may be se5 f ! foll[+ specim51 :i* is "o ( ! %orte/ giv51 b :i* w be suffici5t to %ew n only ! /yle ( ! =m] edition1 b also ! mann] 9 :i* ,i h treat$ ! subject & ! additions :i* ,i h introduc$4 vi,vol4 ,i4 ,plate ,,ii4 ,fig4 ,,iii4--,exp&s ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,upp] ,side4--,! ant5n are black4 ,! head1 ?orax1 & abdom5 br[n4 ,all ! w+s 7! edges ( :i* are ev5 n d5tat$7 are ( a deep br[n1 ) a %ade ( clay col\r1 ris+ ne> ! ant]ior edges ( ! sup]ior ones1 runs along ne> ! tips & ends at ! ext]nal edges4 ,"u ,side4--,! eyes are black1 ! palpi yell[4 ,all ! w+s are ! same br[n col\r z ! upp] side1 ) ! clay-col\r$ %ade ne> ! tips z on t4 ,! sup]ior w+s h five :iti% spots on ea* plac$ on a r[ ne> ! ext]nal edges1 ! inf]ior ones h on ea* sometimes five & sometimes sev5 spots ( ! same col\r plac$ 9 a circul> r[1 t meets ne> ! extremity ( ! body4 ,i receiv$ x f ,*9a4 ,i _c f9d x any :]e describ$4 ,fig4 ,,iii4--,il deploye ses ales environ trois p\ces4 ,le ,dessus4--,les ant5nes sont noires4 ,la tte le corcelet et l'abdom5 bruns4 ,les ales 7dont les bords sont unis ou po9t d5tls7 sont d'une c\leur brune fonce1 avec une nuance c\leur d'argille se levant pro*e des bords antrieurs des ales suprieures1 qui c\rt le long prs des b\ts et f9it aux bords extrieurs4 ,le ,dess\s4--,les yeux sont noires1 les ant5nules jaunes4 ,t\tes les ales sont de la mme c\leur brune que en dessus1 avec la nuance d'argille pro*e des b\ts *acune des ales suprieures a c9q ta*es blan*tres1 places sur une ligne prs des bords extrieurs4 ,les infrieures ont *acune quelquefois c9q et quelquefois sept ta*es de la mme c\leur ranges circulairm5t et se r5contrant prs de l'extrmit du corps4 ,il l'ai reue de la ,*9e4 ,je ne le tr\ve po9t dcrit4 ,! "n ( ,papilio ,eumeus 0 consequ5tly propos$ = ?is insect 9 ! ,app5dix to ! second volume4 ,among/ ! manuscripts ) :i* ,i h be5 fav\r$ by ! relatives ( ,mr4 ,drury1 or h obta9$ else:]e1 are compris$ a v>iety ( notes relative to ! publication ( ?is "w1 & ( obs]vations f :i* ! foll[+ are select$4 ,he notices t 8 descriptions are only int5d$ to assi/ ! read] 9 asc]ta9+ ! diff]5t species2 & t !y are n int5d$ to be s complete z to give a p]fect idea ( ! animal )\t ! help ( ! figure4 ,he alludes to ! difficulty n only ( asc]ta9+ true col\rs or call+ !m by _! prop] names1 b also ( col\r+ ! pr9ts s1 z to exactly repres5t ! natural specim5s1--t he has m5tion$ & giv5 ,engli% names to no m p>ts ( insects ?an _h suit$ 8 purpose = describ+ !m1--t !re are "s p>ts m5tion$ 9 ! descriptions :i* _c be se5 9 ! plates1 su* z ! ,gorget 7,/]num71 c4 :i* may s]ve n only to assi/ 9 class+ !m1 b to asc]ta9 _! species4 ,! descriptions ( ! ,hym5opt]a are n int5d$ to be s complete z to give a p]fect idea ( ! insect1 b are only giv5 to assi/ ! read] 9 obs]v+ ! figures4 ,all ! descriptions are tak5 f ! insects !mselves2 :atev] defects1 !re=e1 are to be obs]v$ 9 comp>+ !m ) ! col\r$ figures mu/ be imput$ to ! arti/1 z x w\ld n be prop] to describe !m accord+ to ! pr9ts1 b to viinature4--,x is 9 consequ5ce ( ?is la/ rem>k t ,i h be5 c>eful to omit no?+ ( ! orig9al edition 9 ?is edition ( ! lea/ importance1 b h giv5 ! description z mu* z possible 9 ! words ( ! au?or himself4 ,i h also add$ a g5]al ,sy/ematic ,index to ! entire "w1 & an ,alphabetic ,index1 9 :i* ! names employ$ 9 ! fir/ edition are di/+ui%$ by an a/]isk4 ,! collection =m$ by ,drury 0 exce$+ly *oice1 & _h occupi$ ne>ly ?irty ye>s 9 its =mation2 = al?\gh1 z ,drury himself says 79 "o ( ! pr9t$ circul>s :i* he di/ribut$ ) a view to its sale7 !re may be 9 ,holl& collections m num]\s1 hav+ 9 _m in/ances a great numb] ( a s+le species1 yet no collection ab\nds ) su* a wond]ful v>iety 9 all ! diff]5t g5]a z ?is4 ,all ! specim5s ( :i* x is compos$1 are 9 ! highe/ & mo/ exquisite /ate ( pres]vation1 su* an ext5sive collection c be suppos$ to be1 & a v consid]able numb] are unique1 su* z are n to be f\nd 9 any o!r ,cab9et :atev]1 & ( consid]able value2 _m ( :i*1 com+ f c\ntries exce$+ly unheal?y1 :]e ! collectors1 9 procur+ !m1 h p]i%$ by ! sev]ity ( ! climate1 give b little room to expect any duplicate w ev] be obta9$ dur+ ! pres5t age2 & ! le>n$ quotations t h be5 tak5 f x by ^? celebrat$ au?ors ,l9nu & ,fabricius1 9 all _! late editions1 are inconte/able pro(s ( ! high degrees ( e/imation !y ent]ta9$ ( x4 ,?is /atem5t 0 made 9 #aghh1 :5 ! au?or _h consum$ upw>ds ( tw5ty-five ye>s 9 its =mation1 & at :i* p]iod no less a sum ?an #d1jjj4 _h be5 exp5d$ ^u ! collection4 ,at ?is p]iod ! collection consi/$ (-- ,subjects4 ,diff]5t ,species4 ,coleopt]a #bbah #bacf ,hemipt]a #hie #ggh ,lepidopt]a #bdfb #badh ,neuropt]a #agb #aga ,hym5opt]a #ecc #ecc ,dipt]a #eeb #djb ,apt]a #aje #if ,engli% ,collection #bfda #bjgj ---- ---- #iegh #hcgj ,subsequ5tly great additions 7 made to ! collection1 :i*1 z w be se5 f ! localities affix$ to ! species figur$ 9 ^! ,illu/rations 0 receiv$ f all p>ts ( ! _w ) :i* ,engl& at t p]iod _h int]c\rse4 ,( ! e>ne/ zeal ) :i* ?is collection 0 made1 an idea may be obta9$ f a copy ( a lett] address$ to a g5tleman resid+ 9 ,africa1 ) :om he 0 anxi\s to ent] into correspond5ce4 ,london1 ,dec4 #ac?1 #agff4 ,,sir1 ,my be+ an utt] /rang] to y compels me to apologize = ! lib]ty ,i take 9 s5d+ y ?is4 ,mr4 ,c>ghill's recomm5dation is ! occasion ( my do+ s1 & he has assur$ me ( y\r viiik9d disposition to oblige me 9 ^? articles t are ! subject ( ! foll[+ l9es2 ,i mu/ !re=e in=m y t ,i am engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 b z ! ext5siv5ess ( x 9 all its sev]al p>ts is v great1 ,i conf9e myself entirely to "o s+le bran*1 & t is ,insects4 ,a bran* ,i f9d fully suffici5t to engage my att5tion )\t ent]+ into any ( ! o!rs1 & 9 consequ5ce ( ?is ,i am endeav\r+ to obta9 z l>ge a collection ( =eign ones z ,i possibly c2 to ?is end ,i am "u a necessity ( gett+ v>i\s recomm5dations f my fri5ds to g5tlem5 settl$ 9 =eign p>ts1 :o ,i mu/ consid] z ! only p]sons t c effectually assi/ me 9 ?is s*eme4 ,p]mit me !re=e1 ,sir1 to beg y\r concurr5ce h]e91 & if ! highe/ ideas ( gratitude c prompt a man to make an adequate return = any fav\r ( ?is k9d1 be assur$ ,i %all take ! e>lie/ opportunity ( manife/+ m9e = any ?+ y %all ?9k prop] to oblige me )4 ,! great di/ance ! cont95t ( ,africa is situat$ f ,london1 ! ignorance we lab\r "u ( its produce 9 ! insect _w1 & ! great difficulty ,i h f\nd 9 procur+ any insects f ^? p>ts1 are circum/ances t r increase ?an blunt my desire = !m2 b z 9 ! c\rse ( f\rte5 ye>s ,i h n be5 able to procure any great numb]1 ,i c only attribute ?is disappo9tm5t to my hav+ nev] be5 able to apply to any g5tleman settl$ !re1 = ! p]sons t ,i h hi!rto commission$ to ?is purpose 7 ^? t return$ ) ! %ips !y w5t 91 & ,i imag9e _! "t 0 too %ort to be able to procure su* ?+s = me2 b z ,mr4 ,c>ghill has in=m$ me y\r resid5ce 9 ,africa w af=d y _m leisure h\rs1 p]mit me to indulge ! hope ( y\r comply+ ) ?is reque/4 ,x is necess>y = me to in=m y t !re is no occasion = y\r be/[+ any "t ( y\r own 9 ?is pursuit1 z ,i imag9e x might be done by p to be hir$ 9 ,africa to t purpose = a v trifle2 & z x is necess>y ,i %\ld in=m y :]e & 9 :at mann] insects 9 g5]al are to be tak51 give me leave !re=e to expla9 ! use ( ! ?+s ,i h s5t = t purpose3 y w obs]ve ! b[s ( ! =ceps be+ cov]$ ) gauze1 & fold+ s close toge!r z to prev5t any small insect's gett+ out :5 once enclos$1 con/itutes a contrivance ! be/ adapt$ ( any ?+ ,i ev] saw = t purpose1 x is small en\gh to be c>ri$ 9 ! pocket1 & if y h curiosity en\gh to employ an h\r 9 ?is amusem5t1 p]mit me to say y w h a sc5e ( wond]s op5$ to y 9 ! insect _w1 y w h su* a numb] ( objects ( speculation pres5t !mselves1 t w amaze y4 ,:5 an insect is inclos$ 9 ^! nets x is to be /uck ?r\gh ! body ) a p9 7,i h s5t "s = ?is purpose71 & 9 t mann] plac$ 9 ! box1 ^: top & bottom are l9$ ) cork4 ,suff] me to beg ( y 7if y w be s oblig+ to procure me "s ( ^? ?+s7 to get a l>g] box made 9 ,africa ( s(t wood1 9 :i* a p9 w easily ent]1 & replace ! insects out ( ! oval box n[ s5t into t1 & :5 fill$ ,i w entreat y to commit x to ! c>e ( a fri5d to be convey$ to ,engl&1 giv+ him at ! same "t a *>ge to keep x f be+ tumbl$ ab\t by ! roll+ ( ! %ip1 :i* w c]ta9ly damage ! cont5ts1 & fav\r+ me ) a lett] ( advice2 x is necess>y to beg y to pa/e a slip ( f9e l95 or pap] all r\nd ! crevice & op5+ ( ! box1 to prev5t ! cockroa*es1 ants1 c4 gett+ 91 :o w infallibly damage & de/roy ! insects 9 x2 ,i =got to m5tion t !y %\ld n be remov$ out ( ! oval box into ! great "o till !y are dead1 because !y w scrat* & te> "o ano!r to pieces1 !re=e :5 ! p]son comes home f collect+1 !y may be tak5 out s+ly & /uck on a piece ( bo>d or /ick1 & held close to ! fire 7n s z to burn or scor* !m71 & ?is 9 less ?an a m9ute w effectually kill !m1 aft]w>ds !y may be /uck v close toge!r 9 ! l>ge box1 & 9 t mann] s5t to ,engl&4 ,i w j m5tion :at k9ds w be mo/ acceptable1 & :]e !y are to be f\nd1 viz4 beetles or insects ) h>d cas$ w+s1 insects ) transp>5t w+s1 su* z wasps1 ixbees1 wat]flies1 also locu/s or gras%opp]s1 ants1 fireflies1 or 9 %ort any k9d except cockroa*es1 c5tip$es1 or scorpions1 :i* 9 g5]al are s v common !y cease to be valuable--( all ! o!r k9ds !re is an inf9ite v>iety1 diff]+ 9 size1 %ape1 & col\r1 any ( :i* w be v acceptable1 ei!r l>ge or small2 & ( :i*1 give me leave to obs]ve1 ! mo/ ugly disagreeable insects 7z !y appe> to be7 are ! mo/ desirable4 ,!y are f\nd 9 v>i\s places1 "s on fl[]s1 "s 9 horse-dung or c[-dung1 "s "u /ones & logs ( wood1 "s "u ! b>k ( trees :]e x sep>ates or divides itself f ! body1 :i* by te>+ up w expose _m k9ds to view2 b no place ab\nds m ?an rott5 trees1 = !re !y hide & secrete !mselves 9 holes among ! rott5 wood1 & are nev] se5 unless !y are se>*$ =4 ,let me "h obs]ve1 t ! diff]5t seasons w yield diff]5t species ( insects1 "s be+ to be f\nd 9 "o week t 7 n to be se5 ! prec$+ ones1 & ! next w af=d o!rs diff]+ f ! =m]1 :ile ! succe$+ "o %all produce "s o!r sorts t 7 n to be se5 be=e2 s t by se>*+ = !m at diff]5t times1 y p]ceive great v>ieties w be collect$4 ,i mu/ also beg y to pres]ve ! horns ( !m z mu* z possible1 z !y 9 a great measure det]m9e _! g5us1 & z su* %\ld n be broke (f4 ,! insects plac$ 9 ! box w s]ve z samples to %[ ! p]son y may hire :at k9ds ( ?+s are meant to be collect$1 :o = want ( !m might n be able to und]/& y\r in/ructions4 ,i h n[1 ,sir1 m5tion$ e article necess>y to be kn[n1 !re=e %all conclude ) once m begg+ y to assi/ me 9 ?is s*eme2 & if !re is any bus9ess1 or any o!r ?+1 9 :i* ,i c be s]viceable to y "h1 ,i beg y w\ld comm& me2 b if !re is no?+ ( t k9d by :i* ,i c express my gratitude1 p]mit me aga9 to repeat ,i %all take ! fir/ opportunity ( mak+ a return fully adequate to y\r fav\r4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ) great respect1 y\r mo/ ob$i5t s]vant1 ,d4 ,,drury1 ,at ,no4 #a4 9 ,love ,lane1 ,ald]manbury1 ,london4 ,p4 ,s4 ,i =got to m5tion t :5 y employ an ag5t to collect insects1 please to tell him x is n ! great numb] b ! v>iety t ,i desire1 six or eight be+ en\gh ( any "o species4 ,subsequ5tly1 ?is f9e collection came to ! hamm]1 on ,?ursday1 ,may #bc1 #ahje1 & ! two foll[+ days4 ,a few ( ! m int]e/+ lots1 ) ! prices obta9$ = !m1 & ! names ( ! pur*as]s1 are giv5 bel[ z an int]e/+ record4 ,lot #c ,phalna ,april9a1 ,gram9is1 & #bb o!rs #bf #g #ab #j ,g4 ,humphrey4 #h ,sph9x ,convolvuli1 & #h o!rs #i #d #a #j ,donovan4 #df ,papilio ,priamus #a #d #ad #f ,g5]al ,davies4 #fd ---- ,clavig]1 & #e o!rs #f #g #aj #j ,mac,leay4 #fi ,a v>iety ( curi\s ,spid]s1 *iefly f ,georgia #aaj #d #d #j ,donovan4 #ij ,papilio ,iris1 ,edusa1 ,hyale1 & v>i\s #d #aj #j ,humphrey4 #id ,sixte5 curi\s ,curculiones #af #aa #aa #j ,ditto4 #ie ,sc>abu ,golia?us1 v>4 #a #ab #a #f ,ditto4 #ajj ,c]ambyx ,gigas1 & #b o!rs #c #d #h #j ,hawor?4 #ajd ,?irte5 ,species ( ! ,bupre/is ,g5us #ac #h #j #j ,mac,leay4 #aje ,elat] ,flabellicornis1 vir5s1 & #h o!rs #aj #d #f #j ,la?am4 #aab ,cetonia hamata1 nit5s1 gr&is1 ,sc>abu fe/ivus1 & #ab o!rs #af #ag #j #j ,mac,leay4 #abc ,a v>iety ( small ,insects ( ! ,mordella1 ,=ficula1 & o!r ,g5]a1 among :i* are ,diopsis i*neumonea 7& also a species of,paussus7 #ca #g #j #j ,ditto4 #bja ,mutilla bimaculata1 ?oracica1 ,scolia signata1 & #bd o!rs #bg #c #e #j ,kirby4 #bfi ,sphex tropica1 frontalis1 ,africana1 c4 #abh #f #f #j ,ditto4 x,! total am\nt obta9$ = ! ,insects 0 #fad4 #hs4 #f;d42 & ab\t #cjj4 m = ! ,cab9ets1 ,books1 c4 ) ! ,copp]-plates ( ! ,illu/rations4 ,( ! e/imation 9 :i* ! works & collections ( ,drury 7 held by ,l9nu1 ,fabricius1 c4 ! con/ant ref]5ces 7especially by ! latt]7 made to !m1 w suffici5tly prove4 ,! =m] d$icat$ a f9e species ( ,cimex to ,drury1 figur$ 9 ! fir/ volume ( ^! ,illu/rations1 pl4 #db4 f4 #a4 #e42 :il/ ! latt] describ$ an ,am]ican species ( ,/5ocorus f ,drury's collection1 "u ! "n ( ,/4 ,drurii 7,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 #b4 p4 #cjb47 & also a ,dani% ,t9ea "u ! "n ( ,t4 ,drurella4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,kirby also 9 8 ,monograph ^u ! ,engli% ,bees1 has nam$ a r>e species belong+ to ! mod]n g5us ,euc]a1 ,apis ,drurella1 ) ! rem>k--,9 honorem ,d4 ,drury1 op]is entomologici spl5didissimi auctoris1 cujus museum insectorum r>issimorum undique conquisitorum gazophylacium ditissimum1 hanc apem ab illo acceptam nom9avi4 7,mon4 ,ap4 ,angl4 #b4 p4 #bhf47 ,t ,drury 0 9 correspond5ce ) ^! ,h]oes ,sci5ti w !re=e be unque/ion$2 & ! foll[+ lett] f ! y\ng] ,l9nu1 communicat$ to me by ! relatives ( ! =m] is int]e/+ n only on ?is acc\nt1 b = ! curi\s /atem5t relative to ! ,oe/rus humanus !n rec5tly discov]$ 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,celeb]rimo ,viro ,d4 ,drury4 ,s4 pl4 d4 ,c>olus a ,l9ne4 ,dum po/ mortem dilectissimi p>5tis occupatus fui 9 r$ig5do naturalia ab illo 9 ,sy/4 ,nat4 nondum det]m9ata1 et ut 8 nom5claturam pro sci5tia naturali maxime necess>iam cont9u>em1 maxime sollicitus fui illa1 quantum mihi possibile =et1 synonymis ex pr/antioribus auctoribus sci5ti illu/r>e1 imprimis illorum qui pul*]rimis individuorum figuris s9t ornati4 ,tu1 ,vir ,celeb]rime1 es ex illis1 qui 9 ,insectis pul*]rima pr/iti/i2 ex ,tuo op]e volum9a habeo duo1 qu 9 h]$it>io cum reliqua ,biblio!ca#d ,p>5tis habeo2 s$ an t]tius t]mes s4 plures po/ secundum prodi]e e/ quod ignoro1 et de qua re rog>em tuam in=mationem8 et si prodi]e ubi inv5iuntur8 et quo prtio8 ,amicitiam quam erga ,p>5tem habui/i1 sp]o hanc filiolo p]mitt]e lic5tiam4 ,opt&um esset a ,te 9 8 majorem vid]e augm5tum1 requirunt insecta figuras2 nam vix diff]5tiis det]m9&a sunt4 ,insecta au/ralioris plaga mundi a ,banksio et ,=/]iis indagata1 pul*]rime et utilissime pro sci5tia me?odo ,tua illu/r>i poss5t4 ,ut9am fac]e vellis1 immortalitatem ,tuam cons]v>et sci5tia hc6 xi,ego qui nunc novam p>o editionem ,zoologicam ,sy/4 ,nat4#e summam 9 insectis s5tio difficultatem ita exprim]e1 ut aliis intelligas quod tam facile figuris lvatur4 ,multa pr/itit no/] ,de ,ge] de ,insectis1 s$ majora adhuc pr/itisset1 si figur vivis coloribus ornat fuiss5t4 ,quis ,entomologus e/ alius apud vos qui collectionem ,insectorum possidet ex ,india occid5tali1 si quis esset qui desid]>et insecta ,suecica lub5t] ,illi ea pr/>e vellem4 ,nup] litt]as habui ex ,am]ica ,m]idionali ubi morbus endemius e/ hom9um etiam ,europeos aggr$it illuc v5i5tes qu causatur a l>va ,oe/ri1 qu intra cutem p] integrum annum coelatus et nullo rem$io expelli pote/ nisi p]iculo vit2 e/ nova species ,oe/ri4 ,s$ hic vale et mihi fave4 ,dabam ,upsali1 d4 #aj ,m>t4 #aghj4 ,to ,mr4 ,d4 ,drury1 ,goldsmi? 9 ! ,/r&1 9 ,london4 ,my late fri5d ,a4 ,h4 ,hawor?1 ,esq4 ?us spoke ( ,drury & 8 works 9 ! ye> #ahjg4 ,9 ! ye> #aggj we arrive at ! "t ( publication ( a beautiful "w on ,entomology1 t ( my late & regrett$ fri5d ,d4 ,drury1 ,f4,l4,s4 9 "o vol4 #dto4 pr9t$ at ,london1 & conta9+ compreh5sive descriptions 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*1 ) an ,index ( ,l9nan names at ! end1 & a great _m col\r$ copp]-plates ( su* int]e/+ exotic ,insects1 z _h n be5 be=e or insuffici5tly figur$4 ,! icons 7 execut$ by ,moses ,h>ris1 9 8 be/ /yle2 & are f> sup]ior to any ( _! pr$ecessors 9 ,brita94 ,x is also unque/ionably ! fir/ "w 9 ?is c\ntry 9 :i* ! trivial names ( ,l9nu are suff]$ to make _! appe>ance1 & al?\gh only giv5 9 ! %ape ( an index1 _! ext5sive value ?r[s a lu/re on ! utility ( ! "w1 :i*1 unaid$ by !m1 w\ld n h rea*$ a second volume1 publi%$ 9 #aggc1 & a ?ird 9 #aghb2 & ev5 a f\r? w\ld h appe>$ if ! au?or _h liv$ mu* long]2#f z he himself assur$ me1 "s "t prior to 8 decease2 :]e9 w\ld h be5 del9eat$ "s ( ! gigantic & extraord9>y insects ( ,dem]>a1 9 :i* remote t]ritory he _h successfully employ$ a collect+ ag5t4 ,mr4 ,drury's ,cab9et 0 "o ( ! mo/ ext5sive ev] made2 & is said to h conta9$1 9 species & v>ieties1 ! surpris+ numb] ( #aa1jjj insects4 ,he sp>$ nei!r pa9s nor co/ 9 gett+ !m toge!r1 & l ,petiv] ( old1 s5t pr9t$ in/ructions1 9 v>i\s languages1 all ov] ! _w = t purpose1 by capta9s ( %ips & o!rs4 ,soon aft] 8 decease1 at an advanc$ age1 :i* happ5$ ab\t two ye>s s9ce1 8 valuable collection 0 dispos$ ( 9 ,london1 by public auction4--7,trans4 ,ent4 ,soc4 ,vol4 ,i4 #ahjg4 p4 #cd47 ,! decease ( ,mr4 ,dru ,drury occurr$ on ! #ae? ( ,janu>y1 #ahjd1 at ! age ( eighty1 & he 0 buri$ at ! p>i% *ur* ( ,/4 ,m>t9s 9 ! ,fields4 ,j4 ,o4 ,w4 xii,,mr4 ,,drury',s ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ---- ,,vol4 ,i4 ,x is univ]sally all[$ t ! /udy ( nature is "o ( ! mo/ pleas+ employm5ts t c engage ! m9d ( man4 ,! ent]ta9m5t x af=ds is z inf9ite z ! v>iety ( subjects ( :i* x is compos$2 & su* a va/ field ( speculation lies op5 to our view1 ei!r 9 ! animal1 vegetable1 or m9]al worlds1 t ea* ( !m is fully suffici5t to engross ! att5tion ( a s+le p]son4 ,x mu/ be all[$1 t ! /udy ( natural hi/ory is s f> f hav+ atta9$ t degree ( p]fection x might h done1 by ! assiduity ( ! curi\s1 t x _c1 at pres5t1 be consid]$ z hav+ atta9$ its m]idian2 & ! sl[ mann] 9 :i* x arriv$ ev5 to t1 has subject$ u v mu* to ! reflections ( =eign]s2 _m ( :om appe> surpris$1 t a nation1 n inf]ior to o!rs 9 e bran* ( sci5ce & k1 %\ld discov] s great a want ( curiosity1 & little att5tion to a /udy t has be5 productive ( s _m advantages to mank9d1 & probably1 may h]eaft] produce _m m4 ,c]ta9ly1 su* opportunities = improvem5t nev] pres5t$ !mselves 9 ?is k+dom1 z 9 ! pres5t age4 ,all corn]s ( ! _w are visit$ by our %ips2 ! remote/ %ores ( ,europe1 ,asia1 ,africa1 & ,am]ica1 are n unkn[n to our c\ntrym52 b feel ! effects ( t insatiable ?ir/ = traffic & ga91 t animates ! pres5t g5]ation4 ,e lov]1 !re=e1 ( ?is /udy mu/ naturally hope1 t su* noble occasions ( increas+ ! k ( nature1 may n be neglect$4 ,x is inde$ true1 t ! numb] ( its vot>ies1 9 ,engl&1 are b few1 9 proportion to o!r /ates1 :]e pr(essor%ips & societies are e/abli%$ "u ! patronage & protection ( ! *ief p]sonages3 yet if we consid] x z af=d+ an inconceivable fund ( ent]ta9m5t to its foll[]s1 x is r to be wond]$ x is n m enc\rag$ & propagat$ among u1 ?an t we %\ld f9d a few :o h resolution en\gh to judge = !mselves1 & foll[ a /udy t is always new & always pleas+4 ,! sne]s & contempt ?r[n on x by m5 ( n>r[ m9ds1 :o are impati5t at he>+ ( p]sons be/[+ _! "t 9 collect+ a plant1 an insect1 or a /one1 may p]haps contribute xiiin a little to prev5t its progress2 b :atev] "* may be /amp$1 ei!r ^u ! /udy1 or its pr(essors1 by su* p]sons2 x is c]ta91 none b m5 fit to be plac$ 9 ! fir/ rank1 h usually philosophy en\gh to prompt !m to make enquiries into ! works ( nature4 ,to "s ! task appe>s too ardu\s1 to o!rs too intricate1 & to ! g5]ality too trifl+2 :o are apt to look ) contempt on e pursuit t does n co9cide ) _! own op9ions2 nor mu/ we1 f vulg> m9ds1 expect any conclusions 9 its fav\r3 ) ^!1 a horse1 a dog1 or a cock1 seem to b\nd ! utmo/ limits ( _! gratifications4 ,b m5 ( ref9$ ta/es w judge o!rways4 ,!y "k t ! inexhau/ible /ore ( ent]ta9m5t nature af=ds 9 ! contemplation ( h] works1 is unb\nd$4 ,x is n to be enjoy$ all at once2 ! m we pursue1 ! m we %all possess1 9 proportion z we manife/ a great] or less ard\r4 ,nor is ! s]5e placid enjoym5t f\nd !re91 to be measur$ by ! common gratifications ( s5se2 z ^! (t5 leave /+s beh9d t worry ! s\l1 & subv]t ! end !y int5d$ to promote2 :ile ! o!r (f]s to u its fri5dly aid1 replete ) happ9ess1 heal?1 & peace4 ,& fur!r1 if ! contemplation ( ! works ( ! ,sov]eign ,ar*itect1 t5ds to promote t s]i\s & att5tive /ate ( m9d :i* disposes m5 to ! pursuit ( virtue1 9 ord] to be happy2 & if ! k & practice ( virtue are ! means ( support+ ! m9d ?r\gh all ! difficult passages & rugg$ pa?s ( life2 ! naturali/ bids z fair to be happy z any ( ! human race4 ,8 pleasures are n *equ]$ by remorse1 or damp$ by despair2 8 pursuits leave no horrors on ! m9d1 or cla% ) ! duty he owes 8 ,mak]1 8 neighb\r1 or 8 pr9ce2 8 consci5ce suff]s n = ! indulg5ce ( 8 m9d1 nor has rep5tance ne$ to /alk beh9d him ) an uplift$ arm1 = inju/ice committ$ on 8 fell[-creatures2 on ! contr>y1 x is = !m ultimately 8 lab\rs are pursu$1 = !m he inquires into ! v>i\s arcana ( nature2 e "p ( ! e>? is se>*$ = _! b5efit1 & its b[els are torn out & exam9$ = _! advantage4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we consid] natural hi/ory z connect$ ) religion1 we %all f9d !m s int]wov5 & bl5d$ toge!r z n to be sep>at$4 ,9 ?is view we %all f9d x ! be/ adapt$ = op5+ ! m9d1 enl>g+ its conceptions1 & giv+ u ! mo/ exalt$ ideas ( ! ,deity1 ( any sci5ce :atev]1 a/ronomy n except$1 ^: /udy1 h[ev] noble x may be ?\ght1 t5ds n m to ! same improvem5t2 = c]ta9ly ! p[]1 wisdom1 & goodness ( ! ,almighty are z conspicu\s 9 ! smalle/ objects1 z ^? ( ! fir/ magnitude1 if great & little be only relative t]ms4 ,if1 !re=e1 natural hi/ory is able to accompli% ?is1 no?+ surely c af=d a m effectual cure = infidelity4 ,= :oev] he>d ( a naturali/ be+ an a!i/8 or ( an infidel1 :o _h sp5t 8 life 9 /udy+ & obs]v+ ! works ( nature8 ,i believe none w hesitate to pron\nce ! man1 :o has made any consid]able progress 9 ?is /udy1 & :o c\ld ent]ta9 ?\ghts s injuri\s to ! hon\r ( 8 ,mak]1 to be a m wond]ful be+ ?an any t ev] w5t be=e him4 xiv,! tra9 ( reflections t arise f ^! consid]ations1 is great] ?an is consi/5t ) ! plan ,i h prescrib$ to myself 9 ^! pages4 ,if ! read] is desir\s ( be+ fur!r in=m$ ( ! uses & advantages ( natural hi/ory1 ,i %all ref] him to ,/ill+fleet's ,tracts1 tak5 f ! ,amo5itates ,academic1 publi%$ at ,upsal2 :]e he may be acqua9t$ ) _m curi\s & int]e/+ p>ticul>s1 :i* ,i h n room to ins]t "h2 my speculations hav+ be5 conf9$ to "o s+le bran* 7insects7 ,i %all only m5tion su* obs]vations relative !reto z may be prop] = an introduction ( ?is k9d4 ,insects may1 ) great tru?1 be consid]$ z a rank ( be+s s wond]ful & extraord9>y1 z to /rike ) a/oni%m5t e obs]v]1 if we reg>d ei!r _! /ructure1 p[]s1 or use2 & creatures1 :o1 at ! same "t t !y *all5ge our reg>d1 l\dly proclaim ! wisdom1 goodness1 & omnipot5ce ( _! great ,creator4 ,if _! %ape & beauty are capable ( attract+ our notice1 _! ways ( liv+ are no less adapt$ = excit+ our admiration2 & ! m we enquire into _! nature & hi/ory1 ! m occasion we %all f9d = confess+ ?is great tru?1 no?+ is creat$ 9 va94 ,! wondr\s mann] 9 :i* numb]s ( !m pass _! lives1 dur+ _! fir/ /ates1 is unkn[n to ! great] "p ( mank9d4 ,mo/ p1 inde$1 "k t a ,cat]pill> produces a ,butt]fly2 b ?\s&s ( p]sons d n "k t a ,cat]pill> is a ,butt]fly 9 disguise1 z ,dr4 ,li/] +5i\sly obs]ves1#g & z ,swamm]dam#h prov$ to ! great ,duke ( ,tuscany1 by /ripp+ (f ! ext]nal sk9s1 & display+ ! butt]fly conceal$ b5ea? !m4 ,_m p]sons are ignorant t plants 7ev5 ( ! mo/ poison\s nature7 are ! belov$ & fav\rite food ( "s species ( insects1 & t :at is :olesome & n\ri%+ to "o1 is p]nici\s & de/ructive to ano!r4 ,:o w\ld believe t ! h>d sub/ance ( ! s\nde/ ,oak 0 capable ( be+ mac]at$ by an insect1 & receiv$ into its /oma* z food8 t x %\ld !re yield a prop] nutrim5t = its gr[?1 & t no?+ b a sub/ance z h>d & firm z t c\ld possibly contribute to ! creature's heal? & increase8 ,:o w\ld imag9e t a colony ( ,ants1 an insect s contemptible 9 size1 consid]$ s+ly1 7 capable ( mak+ animals1 ( consid]able bulk & /r5g?1 retreat f !m z f a =midable enemy8#i ,:o w\ld suspect t numb]s ( insects are appo9t$ to live1 dur+ ! greate/ "p ( _! lives1 )9 ! bodies ( o!r animals1 _m ( :om receive no mat]ial injury !reby2 "s become frantic & xvdiseas$1 & o!rs are doom$ to p]i%1 & by _! dea?s give bir? to ^! _! inbr$ enemies8 ,:o1 t is a /rang] to natural hi/ory1 w\ld believe t !re are insects de/9$ to live 9 ! wat]s _m mon?s1 :]e _! pr9cipal employm5t is ! de/ruction ( animals less ?an !mselves1 on :om !y fe$ & ?rive1 till !y become inhabitants ( ! air1 :5 _! lives are t]m9at$ 9 a few weeks1 p]i%+ by ! depr$ations ( old age1 if !y are lucky en\gh to escape ! p[] ( o!r animals /rong] ?an !mselves8 ,yet su* are ! tru?s exi/+ 9 nature2 tru?s kn[n to e "o conv]sant ) ?is /udy4 ,9 %ort1 !re is no "p ( ! k+dom ( nature1 :]e s _m wond]s are unfold$ to u1 z 9 ?is ( insects4 ,nor are !y to be consid]$ 9 t contemptible light 9 :i* ! g5]ality ( mank9d are apt to place !m4 ,we are too prone to ?9k e ?+ noxi\s & unnecess>y1 if we are n fully acqua9t$ ) its use4 ,! poor ,beetle t we tread on1 s]ves to fill up an ord] ( be+s1 z useful & prop] 9 ! economy ( nature1 z t ( a p>tridge or a h>e1 ^: pres]vation & increase we are s solicit\s =4 ,_m o!rs1 ^: v sight create ! mo/ disagreeable s5sations1 are n less useful & prop]1 "u ! same pr$icam5t4 ,! c>cases ( dead animals1 :i*1 :5 putrid1 s5d =? a mo/ nause\s /5*1 w\ld rema9 s = a great l5g? ( "t1 7 x n = ! v>i\s k9ds ( ,fle% ,flies1 :o1 by deposit+ _! eggs !re1 help to consume x v quickly1 & prev5t a cont9uance s (f5sive to our no/rils & heal?4 ,_m k9ds ( insects are to be f\nd "h 9 ,engl&1 9 great pl5ty1 :o1 x is highly probable1 by a close enquiry into _! natures might be r5d]$ v s]viceable to u1 ei!r m$iately or imm$iately4 ,! blue ,dung ,beetle 7,sc>abu ,/]cor>ius ( ,l9nu7 f\nd 9 great pl5ty 9 ,july1 "u horse-dung & c[-dung1 x is n unlikely may yield effects1 ei!r 9 m$ic9e or dye+1 t at pres5t we are ignorant (4 ,x is c]ta91 x ab\nds ) salts t are /rong & pung5t2 b ! exam9ation ( !m mu/ be left to "t1 & ! enquiry ( "s +5i\s p]son4 ,! ,meloe ,prosc>ebeus ( ,l9nu1 or ,engli% ,oil ,beetle1 describ$ by ,m(fat1 lib4 i4 cap4 #bc41 also by ,god>tius 9 ,li/]'s translation1 numb] #abj4 yields an oil by expression 9 consid]able quantity1 :i* is us$ 9 ,sw$51 ) ! greate/ success1 9 ! cure ( ! rheumatism1 by ba?+ ! afflict$ "p4 ,( ?is ,i h be5 well assur$ by an +5i\s physician :o resid$ !re4 ,might n ! same effects be expect$ f x "h z !re8 ,its virtues1 ,i imag9e1 are n conf9$ to a s+le c\ntry2 nor c ,i suppose ! diff]5t situations ( !m w prev5t its be+ equally efficaci\s "h z 9 ,sw$54 ,h[ev]1 x is c]ta9ly wor? :ile to make ! exp]im5t4#aj xvi,! ,can?>ides or ,spani% ,flies1 is a species ( insect e "o has he>d (4 ,!y are br\ght u f abroad1 & us$ m$ic9ally2 b pr9cipally to raise bli/]s4 ,= ^! we pay great sums ( money to =eign c\ntries3 b a prop] exam9ation into ! nature ( insects might save u ! necessity ( do+ s2 = let me n be disbeliev$1 :5 ,i say ?is v species ( ! can?>ides is f\nd 9 ,engl&4#aa ,might n1 !re=e1 a close inquiry into ! subject1 sp>e u ! tr\ble & exp5se ( apply+ to =eign]s = ?is article8 ,b are ! m$ic9al virtues ( ! can?>ides conf9$ entirely to t species8 ,is !re none o!r f\nd 9 ,engl&1 answ]+ ! same purpose1 :i* we might h by seek+ =8 ,if ,i am n mis-in=m$1 !re is4 ,! ,musk ,beetle1 or ,c]ambix ,mos*ata ( ,l9nu1 is f\nd on ! bodies ( will[-trees 9 ! mon? ( ,july1 or soon]1 if ! wea!r is fav\rable4 ,?is insect1 ,i h be5 confid5tly in=m$ by an em95t surgeon 7! late ,mr4 ,guy7 :o tri$ x1 has ! same virtues1 & produces ! same effects z ! can?>ides2 be+ capable1 :5 prop]ly prep>$1 ( procur+ a /rong bli/] 9 z %ort a space ( "t z ! o!r4 ,:e!r !re is n o!r insects to be f\nd 9 ?is k+dom1 ^: prop]ties1 :5 exam9$1 might be f\nd simil> to ! can?>ides1 is a matt] t "t only w cle> up4 ,i _c "h pass unm5tion$ ! effects ( ants1 ^: volatile effluvia1 aris+ f _! colonies or ne/s is s great1 t a h& rubb$ !reon1 & appli$ imm$iately to ! nose ( a fa9t+ p]son1 exhil>ates & refre%es equal to ! _s ( h>t%orn1 or :at is call$ sal volatile4 ,su* are ! kn[n m$ic9al uses ( insects2 & "u ! article ( clo?+ !y s]ve u 9 a m conspicu\s mann]4 ,to _m ?\s&s ( p]sons !y af=d ! means ( liv+ ) com=t & happ9ess4 ,ev5 k+s are indebt$ to !m = _! gr&e/ g>m5ts4 ,imm5se =tunes h be5 procur$1 by _! means1 to p]sons 9 trade1 & ! great numb] ( p :o daily subsi/ by manufactur+ silk1 ei!r by sp9n+1 weav+1 or dye+ x1 h ! greate/ reason to ?ank ,provid5ce = ! in/itution ( ?is insect4 ,to ! la/1 ! ,co*9eal 7,cocc9ella ,cacti ( ,l9nu7 af=ds him ! p[] ( giv+ our silks & clo?s ! mo/ beautiful & la/+ col\rs2 be+ )\t x unable to produce su* pro(s ( 8 +5uity2 n to m5tion _m o!r occasions :]e9 ?is insect is peculi>ly s]viceable4 ,nor is !re any "p ( ! _w :]e !y d n directly1 or second>ily1 s]ve mank9d = food4 ,9 e k+dom ( ! e>?1 :]e !y are to be f\nd1 %rimps1 prawns & crabs are eat5 by all ranks & degrees ( p1 if animal food is all[$ !m2 & our cray-fi% or lob/]s mu/ n xviibe exclud$ f ! same ord]4 ,! ,locu/ repres5t$ 9 ,plate #ej4 ,fig4 #b4 is eat5 by _m tribes1 &1 ,i may say1 nations ( p1 9 ,asia & ,africa4 ,^! animals are frequ5tly driv5 f _! native soils1 by /rong w9ds1 into =eign c\ntries1 :]e1 = sev]al days toge!r1 by _! inconceivable numb]s1 !y obscure ! light ( ! sun1 & make ! inhabitants tremble = _! vegetables4 ,x is at ^? times ! ,asiatics & ,africans ga!r !m1 & eat !m ) mu* delight1 dress+ !m1 ei!r by /ew+1 or fry+ !m ) oil2 !y also pickle & sell !m publicly 9 "s ( ! m>kets ( ! ,levant1 & _m o!r p>ts4 ,! cat]pill> belong+ to ,fig4 #a4 ( ,plate #ch4 :i* ,i h m5tion$ 9 my description ( t insect to be eat5 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & consid]$ z a da9ty1 is s\ght = by ^? p]sons :o are admir]s ( t food1 9 ! mo/ dilig5t mann]2 & ,i h be5 in=m$1 by g5tlem5 ( und\bt$ v]acity1 t s exce$+ly delight$ are !y ) x1 z to employ negroes on no o!r bus9ess b to g into ! woods on purpose to procure ^! cat]pill>s1 by digg+ !m out ( ! bodies ( c]ta9 trees1 ! only places :]e !y are to be f\nd4 ,p]haps ! cossi ( ! ,romans1 a k9d ( food we are told !y 7 mu* delight$ )1 might be a species n mu* unlike ?is2 h[ev] t be1 ^! are consid]$ z amply recomp5s+1 by _! delici\s flav\r1 ! pa9s tak5 to procure !m4 ,honey is a sub/ance kn[n to e "o1 & ! agreeable liquor made f x1 :i* 9 "s c\ntries s]ves ! inhabitants = _! con/ant dr9k1 is n to be procur$ b by ! indu/ry ( ! agile bee4 ,9 f9e1 ! limits ( ?is preface w n p]mit me to dwell m9utely1 & po9t out ! b5efits mank9d does1 & may receive1 by ! in/itution ( ?is ord] ( animals4 ,i %all aga9 ref] my read] to ! book ,i m5tion$ be=e1 ,/ill+fleet's ,tracts2 :]e he w f9d ^! & _m o!r advantages ,i h n m5tion$1 treat$ ( 9 a mo/ +5i\s mann]2 be+ ! obs]vations ( "s ( ! greate/ m5 ( ! univ]sity ( ,upsal 9 ,sw$52 = ?is reason1 !re=e1 ,i %all consid] ?is subject no f>!r1 b proce$ to describe ! plan ( ! "w2 :]e91 if ! read] expects to f9d ! insects class$ 9 sy/ematic ord]1 z well z repres5t$1 he w be greatly disappo9t$4 ,x is n my pres5t design to ent] into ! sci5tific "p ( ! /udy1 by arrang+ ! insects accord+ to any sy/em n[ e/abli%$2 nor w ! read] f9d t ,i h giv5 a s+le "n to any "o "h figur$4 ,?is1 inde$1 mu/ be ! consequ5ce ( n foll[+ ! sy/em ( any au?or1 unless ,i _h =m$ "o ( my own2 = x is impossible ,i %\ld give names to !m1 p>ticul>ly trivial ones1 )\t do+ "o or ! o!r4 ,! call+ an insect by ! g5]al appellation ( mo?1 butt]fly1 c4 ,i _c consid] z d]ogatory to :at ,i h said4 ,h5ce ,i flatt] myself ,i %all avoid all occasion = reflection by ! disciples ( diff]5t au?ors1 9 n foll[+ ! me?od e/abli%$ by o!rs2 &1 !re=e1 my desire ( giv+ no room = exceptions ( ?is k9d1 has induc$ me to foll[ no "o :atev]4 ,by ?is1 also1 ,i h left x 9 ! p[] ( e p]son to xviiiclass !m accord+ to 8 own fancy2 &1 z e "o has ?us an opportunity ( foll[+ 8 fav\rite au?or1 none1 ,i hope1 w object to a me?od1 t w put x 9 8 p[] ( indulg+ 8 own incl9ation4 ,i mu/ "h in=m my read]s1 t ?is "w c by no means be consid]$ z a complete "o4 ,! mo/ transitory view w confirm ?is4 ,nor c ,i take any m]it to myself by its publication1 unless ! great c>e t has be5 tak5 to give j & accurate figures ( ! subjects1 9 :i* ! diff]5t g5]ical *>act]s1 accord+ to ! sev]al au?ors ,i am acqua9t$ )1 are truly repres5t$1 w entitle me to any4 ,inde$1 ! _m opportunities ,i h _h ( obs]v+ ! great t5d5cy all k9ds ( insects h to p]i% & decay1 p>ticul>ly mo?s & butt]flies1 fir/ gave me ! h9t ( pres]v+ !m f oblivion1 by ?us del9eat+ !m on pap]4 ,= ^! la/ are ( su* t5d] & delicate natures1 t h[ev] pleas+ & agreeable !y may be to our sight1 !y are n easily to be pres]v$ ) all _! gay & /rik+ plumage4 ,our utmo/ c>e c only secure !m to u a few ye>s2 & if !y are expos$ to air or sun%9e1 we are quickly robb$ ( !m2 ! latt] be+ capable1 9 a few mon?s1 ( entirely de/roy+ _! col\rs1 & ! fir/ 9 z %ort a space1 w totally consume e "p ( !m1 leav+ no?+ beh9d b a little du/4 ,h5ce x is1 ,i h be5 induc$ to give figures ( =eign insects4 ,9 prosecut+ :i*1 ! read] w f9d _m t h nev] be5 describ$ by any au?or2 & if ! rescu+ !m by ?is me?od f ! ravages ( "t1 if ! delight & amusem5t aris+ f contemplat+ subjects ( ?is k9d1 or if an attempt to promote & enc\rage ?is bran* ( natural hi/ory meets ) ! enc\ragem5t ,i hope =1 ,i mu/ assure ! public1 no lab\r on my side %all be want+ to r5d] x complete1 by add+ future volumes1 z ! subjects ,i %\ld receive f abroad1 & my own leisure1 w enable me to d2 & ?is1 ,i flatt] myself1 ,i %all be able to accompli% by ! means ( a few +5i\s g5tlem5 situat$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 ^: correspond5ce ,i am hon\r$ )1 & by ^: assi/ance ,i %all be able to give sometimes a tol]able hi/ory ( an insect1 or z mu* ( x z has fall5 )9 _! obs]vation2 by :i* means1 new subjects ( speculation1 "s unnotic$ circum/ances 9 insect life1 may arise1 t _c fail ( be+ an acceptable embelli%m5t4 ,b ,i mu/ obs]ve1 su* pieces ( in=mation _c be expect$ to be num]\s2 = ! difficulty ( procur+ ! natural hi/ory ( =eign insects is s exce$+ly great1 t x is bett] conceiv$ ?an describ$4 ,few p]sons1 :o visit =eign c\ntries1 h curiosity suffici5t to prompt !m to make su* obs]vations1 or inde$ any enquiry1 into ! works ( nature4 ,! desire ( acquir+ weal?1 by ! means ( trade1 is ! gr& motive t induces !m to leave _! native c\ntry2 obs]vations 9 natural hi/ory be+ g5]ally q =eign to _! ?\ghts2 ! desire ( ext5d+ _! comm]ce1 & mak+ _! =tunes1 tak+ entire possession ( _! m9ds1 & swall[+ up e o!r consid]ation4 ,?us1 we see1 x is n f su* p]sons we mu/ expect any improvem5ts t5d+ to promote ?is /udy2 x is xixonly f m5 ( a lib]al & +5i\s turn ( m9d1 settl$ !re1 t we c hope to h any in=mation ( ! /ate ( nature 9 di/ant regions2 & ! sc>city ( su* m5 ,i h f\nd to be exce$+ great4 ,= ^! reasons ! read] mu/ n expect to f9d ! cat]pill> & *rysalis ( e insect repres5t$4 ,x is suffici5t if ,i am able to give figures ( _m exotics t h hi!rto be5 unkn[n4 ,! natural hi/ory1 ! =ms ( ! cat]pill>s1 ways ( life1 haunts1 c4 c1 9 su* cases1 be kn[n only to p]sons liv+ on ! spot1 & :o h speculation en\gh to obs]ve !m4 ,:5ev] ,i receive su* pieces ( in=mation1 !y %all1 c]ta9ly1 n be )held f ! public4 ,:5 ,i fir/ engag$ 9 ! bus9ess ( describ+ ! diff]5t insects t compose ! foll[+ "w1 ,i f\nd myself surr\nd$ ) difficulties ( s unexpect$ a nature1 t ,i _h m ?an once ent]ta9$ ?\ghts ( po/pon+1 if n totally rel9qui%+ s ardu\s a task4 ,no?+ b ! /rong desire ,i _h ( promot+ ! /udy ( natural hi/ory1 c\ld h l$ me to ov]come a s5se ( my own incapacity ( writ+ ) t precision1 :i* ! public eye dem&s2 &1 !re=e1 ,i h reason to hope = ! c&id all[ance ( ! +5i\s1 to faults1 :i* might1 p]haps1 escape f ! p5 ( a ma/]1 on a subject s new z ! pres5t4 ,among ! re/1 ,i lab\r$ "u no little tr\ble f a want ( kn[+ :at names to give to _m col\rs f\nd on ! w+s ( "s ( ! f>9ace\s tribe4 ,! want ( a s]ies1 or /&>d = names to col\rs1 is a matt] mu* to be lam5t$ 9 ?is k+dom4 ,i "k no ,engli% au?or t has attempt$ x2 p]haps ! ardu\sness ( ! task may be ! reason x has n be5 done2 = if we =m to ourselves an idea ( ! difficulty ( br++ =? t innum]able tra9 ( col\rs t is to be done f only a yell[1 a r$ & a blue1 we may p>tly judge ( ! lab\r t man has to und]go :o %all attempt x4 ,9 my case1 ! great v>iety ( t9ts to be f\nd on ! insects1 ! h>%ness ( "s1 ! s(tness ( o!rs1 toge!r ) ! mann] ( _! runn+ into "o ano!r1 increases ! difficulty1 & r5d]s descriptions a matt] ( su* lab\r1 t no?+ b ! /ronge/ resolution & p]sev]ance c\ld ov]come4 ,f h5ce1 ,i hope1 if ! read] %\ld *ance to meet ) any "p among !m1 t does n entirely correspond ) ! col\r giv5 to ! pr9t1 he w impute x to its prop] cause1 ! pa9t]4 ,i "k ( no defects ( ?is k9d2 b x is n impossible "s may h escap$ my obs]vation1 among su* a multitude ( figures :i* ,i _h to correct4 ,x is necess>y ,i %\ld in=m ! read]1 t all my descriptions h be5 tak5 f ! natural subjects !mselves1 & n f ! col\r$ pr9ts ( !m2 & t my int5tion !re91 is n to give a p]fect idea ( ! insects1 )\t ! help ( ! figures1 b only to assi/ ! imag9ation 9 kn[+ :at is describ$4 ,& :5 we consid] ! advantages t good engrav+s h ov] v]bal descriptions1 ! =m] repres5t+ to ! m9d1 at fir/ view1 ! object design$ to be und]/ood1 )\t putt+ u to ! tr\ble ( call+ all our ideas1 all our p[]s ( conception to our assi/ance1 9 ord] to discov] :at is int5d$ to be describ$2 xx:ile ! latt]1 ?\gh giv5 by ! be/ writ]s1 (t5 puzzles & conf\nds ! m9d1 if our ideas d n keep pace ) ! au?or's mean+1 ! pres5t "w1 by hav+ e col\r$ figure expla9$1 mu/ r5d] x sup]ior to any hi!rto publi%$ 9 ?is k+dom4 ,! la/ au?or t publi%$ any figures ( exotic subjects 9 natural hi/ory1 0 ,mr4 ,petiv]1 :o1 9 8 ,gazophylacium1 del9eat$ a great v>iety ( all ! diff]5t ord]s2 _m ( !m exce$+ curi\s & uncommon1 be+ collect$ f v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w4 ,b !y 7 s5t =? uncol\r$1 & almo/ undescrib$2 circum/ances t r5d] !m less e/imable by ! difficulty !re is1 9 _m in/ances1 ( kn[+ :at ! au?or meant2 ! %ape ( ! animal1 plant1 c4 be+ ! pr9cipal1 &1 sometimes1 ! only ?+1 we c und]/&4 ,b al?\gh _m ( ! figures consi/ ( m]e outl9es1 n exquisitely well engrav$1 x is n )\t m]it4 ,!re are a great _m v uncommon subjects exhibit$1 t 7 n kn[n to exi/ 9 nature1 till he held !m =? to public view4 ,x is1 9 %ort1 a "w1 t1 at ! same "t x manife/$ 8 desire = promot+ 8 fav\rite /udy1 0 a pro( ( 8 assiduity1 af=d+ great room = speculation2 & z ! pres5t is an improvem5t on 8 plan1 ,i flatt] myself x w n be unacceptable to ! lov]s ( natural hi/ory4 ,!re is yet ano!r advantage aris+ f ! descriptions1 t is n less ?an :at ,i h already m5tion$4 ,if ?is "w %\ld fall into ! h&s ( a booksell]1 aft] my decease1 ! public w\ld n probably be pe/]$ ) copies s execrably col\r$1 z is g5]ally ! case ) books ( ?is sort1 aft] ! au?or's dea?2 ! descriptions w be su* a guide = col\r+ ! pr9ts1 t capital errors w n be able to f9d admittance3 ! grossness ( col\r+ a "p yell[ t %\ld be r$1 or gre51 t ought to be blue1 w\ld imm$iately be detect$2 & ! publi%]1 = 8 own sake1 w\ld und\bt$ly be c>eful to h ! pr9ts ju/ly & accurately done4 ,! exp]i5c$ naturali/ w p]ceive1 t1 ?r\gh\t ! quotations1 ,i h n avail$ myself ( any ( ! anci5t au?ors4 ,i h sc>cely m5tion$ ,m\ffet1 ,aldrov&us1 & o!rs4 ,x is c]ta91 ! figures to be se5 9 ! works ( mo/ ( ! anci5ts are s bad1 ,i d>$ n give any quotation f !m4 ,! incorrectness ( ! outl9es1 ! irregul>ity & impropriety ( ! spots & m>ks1 toge!r ) ! loos5ess ( ! engrav+s1 r5d]s !m too imp]fect = any "o to v5ture m5tion+ !m4 ,inde$ !y are1 9 g5]al1 s little expressive ( ! insect int5d$ to be repres5t$1 t no dep5dance c be _h on _! figures1 especially ! f>9ace\s w+$ tribe4 ,cl]ck1 ,m]ian1 ,roesel1 ,petiv]1 c4 are ! au?ors ,i h pr9cipally m5tion$1 among ! iconograph]s2 & if ! insect has be5 figur$ by a great _m au?ors1 z p>ticul>ly ,plate #cd4 ,fig4 #g1 #h4 ,i h only m5tion$ a few3 ! re/ may be kn[n by look+ into ! ,sy/ema ( ,l9nu#ab1 "u ! title m5tion$ 9 ! quotation4 ,?is au?or is ! pr9cipal "o ,i h quot$ among ! descriptive writ]s3 8 great judgm5t 9 ?is /udy1 ! pla9 me?od he has laid d[n = ! class+ ( insects1 toge!r ) ! xxiexcell5cy ( 8 g5]ical *>act]s1 are :at mu/ ende> him to e pr(essor ( ?is /udy4 ,i speak only ( t "p relat+ to ! insect k+dom2 ! m]its ( ! o!r p>ts are be/ kn[n to ^? conv]sant 9 ! respective bran*es4 ,i mu/ n "h pass ov] a circum/ance1 :i* x is prop] to apprize my read]s (1 by way ( apology = giv+ a few figures 7b a few7 t h be5 publi%$ already 9 ?is k+dom4 ,:5 ,i fir/ laid d[n ! plan ( ?is "w1 ,i _h no int5tion ( conf9+ myself to ^? subjects t 7 non-descripts2 b propos$ to give figures ( any exotic insects t might fall into my possession1 or :at ,i c\ld procure draw+s (1 by ! assi/ance ( ^? g5tlem5 :o 7 fri5ds to an attempt ( ?is sort4 ,i 0 will+ to promote ?is bran* ( natural hi/ory1 by any me?od t lay )9 ! compass ( my little sph]e4 ,?is ,i 0 ! r prompt$ to1 by ! consid]ation ( its be+ an attempt entirely novel 9 ?is nation1 & conduct$ 9 a way diff]5t f any yet pursu$4 ,b a little recollection conv9c$ me ,i 0 wrong4 ,i 0 soon s5sible1 t ! giv+ figures1 already kn[n & publi%$ "h1 c\ld d no s]vice to ! /udy1 or b5efit ! read]2 x is possible ,i might give a bett] figure ?an t be=e publi%$2 ! engrav+ might be s(t]1 m delicate1 & bett] becom+ ! subject2 or ! col\r+ m exact & j3 b ?is w\ld n be improv+ ! read]'s judgm5t1 or increas+ 8 k4 ,9 %ort1 f t mom5t ,i alt]$ my plan2 & x is to ?is mi/ake a few figures are ins]t$ 9 diff]5t places1 :i* h be=e made _! appe>ance 9 ,engl&1 ei!r sep>ately1 or mix$ ) o!r subjects ( natural hi/ory4 ,f t "t ,i took c>e to del9eate none t ,i 0 consci\s _h engag$ ! p5cil ( any prec$+ au?or2 b conf9$ myself to su*1 ^: novelty & /rik+ appe>ances c\ld n fail to recomm5d !m4 ,to su* non-descripts ,i h paid ! greate/ def]5ce2 = 9 "s ( ! plates1 among ! butt]flies & mo?s1 ,i h giv5 complete figures ( bo? ! upp] & "u sides2 a practice t1 z deviat+ f my g5]al rule1 ,i %\ld n h done1 if ! ri*ness & s(tness ( ! col\r+ _h n be5 s extremely pleas+1 z to r5d] x sc>cely possible to disp5se ) x4 ,x is only to a few ,i h paid ?is p>ticul> respect4 ,9 g5]al1 ,i h giv5 to ! butt]flies1 only figures ( "o half _! "u sides1 b :ole upp] ones2 & ( ^? mo?s t h no repres5tations ( _! "u sides1 ! read] may conclude !re is no mat]ial diff]5ce betwe5 _! upp] & "u ones1 or else ! latt] is too poor & mean to ju/ify ! giv+ a figure ( x4 ,i mu/ j m5tion1 t al?\gh ,i us$ ?is =be>ance to ^? figures t _h be5 h]et(ore publi%$1 ,i by no means meant to deb> myself f repres5t+ su* z _h be5 only v]bally describ$2 z is ! case ) a great _m to be met ) 9 ! ,sy/ema ( ,l9nu1 & 9 o!r au?ors4 ,! refra9+1 !re=e1 f su* subjects1 w\ld h be5 r condemnable ?an fit to be approv$1 = ! reasons ,i m5tion$ be=e1 ( ! great difficulty !re is 9 und]/&+1 sometimes1 ! be/ v]bal descriptions t ev] 7 giv52 !re=e figures ( ?is k9d may n improp]ly be consid]$ z explanatory1 or z illu/rations to xxiisu* v]bal descriptions1 af=d+ ! /ud5t a two-fold pleasure1 by comp>+ !m toge!r4 ,if ! read] has made no progress 9 ! /udy ( natural hi/ory1 he w probably f9d x difficult to und]/& ! sev]al names1 or t]ms1 ! diff]5t p>ts ( insects are call$ by2 & :i* occur 9 e description4 ,= ?is reason ,i ?9k x incumb5t on me to give ! mo/ pla9 & famili> explanation ( !m ,i possibly c4 ,?is ,i h done two ways2 by me?odical def9itions1 & figures2 & 9 bo? ( !m %all make no scruple to foll[ ! me?od laid d[n by t great ma/] ( natural hi/ory1 ! judici\s ,l9nu1 ^: excell5t plan1 = ! k & class+ ( insects1 dem&s ! utmo/ ?anks & reg>d f e lov] ( ?is bran* ( sci5ce4 ,f 8 plan ,i h tak5 ! h9t ( giv+ "s figures ( diff]5t g5]a1 ) ! prop] names ( ! respective p>ts 9 a plate by !mselves4 ,by ^! ! read] w n only be greatly assi/$ 9 und]/&+ ! descriptions2 b x w enable him to class !m ) m facility1 if he is incl9$ to d s4 ,i !re=e g on to expla91 fir/ ! t]ms us$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole2 & aft]w>ds ! di/9ct & diff]5t p>ts ( insects4 ,9 do+ ?is1 ,i divide !m into ,,ord]1 ,,class1 ,,g5us1 & ,,species4 ,ord]1 is a g5]al t]m1 applicable to a :ole race ( animals1 :]eby !y are di/+ui%$ f ea* o!r1 z bea/s1 birds1 fi%es1 c4#ac ,class1 a t]m by :i* insects1 z well z o!r animals1 are divid$ into _! respective g5]a or tribes1 z ! f>9ace\s1 cru/ace\s1 transp>5t1 c4#ad ,g5us1 a t]m divid+ ea* class1 z butt]fly1 mo?1 hawk-mo?1 con/itute ! f>9ace\s 7,lepidopt]a72 dung-beetle1 lady-bird1 goat-*aff]1 & _m o!rs1 make up ! cru/ace\s 7,coleopt]a72 cockroa*1 locu/1 bug1 & "s o!rs1 =m ! semi-cru/ace\s 7,hemipt]a1 ,l9n471 c4#ae ,species1 a t]m compreh5d+ a di/9ct or individual sort 9 ea* g5us1 z ! pe>l-bord]$1 admirable1 skipp]1 c4 among ! butt]flies2 egg]1 dr9k]1 pepp]$1 c4 among mo?s1 c4 ,to ^! ,i mu/ add ! ^w ,v>iety1 a t]m by :i* two insects ( ! same species are kn[n1 ?\gh diff]+ a little 7n *>act]i/ically7 9 col\r1 size1 c4#af xxiii,i %all next proce$ to expla9 & describe ! diff]5t p>ts compos+ insects1 by divid+ !m into ! ,head1 ,?orax1 ,abdom51 & ,limbs4#ag ,! ,,head 7,fig4 #a1 #b1 #c1 a47 includes ! ,,ant5n1 ,,m\?1 ,,palpi1 ,,eyes1 ,,tongue1 ,,jaws1 & ,,horns4 ,! ,ant5n are =m$ ( v>i\s %apes1 accord+ to ! diff]5t g5]a1 z may be obs]v$ 9 ! figures1 & seem in/itut$ by nature n only = guid+ ! animal 9 its passage1 b likewise = o!r purposes2 be+ endu$ ) an exquisite s5se ( feel+ & p]ception4 ,fig4 #a4 d d4 ,fig4 #b4 c4 ,fig4 #c4 c c4 ,! ,m\? is plac$ 9 ! head1 b sometimes close to ! brea/1 z 9 ! spid] tribe2 sometimes t]m9at+ 9 a horny beak1 z 9 ,plate #cb4 ,fig4 #a4 also 9 ,plate #db4 ,fig4 #c & #g4 ,9 "s x is furni%$ ) /rong m&ibles l p9c]s1 z 9 ,plate #cb4 ,fig4 #f4 & ,plate #cg4 ,fig4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f4 ,9 o!rs x is s cov]$ & gu>d$ by ! palpi1 p>ticul>ly among ! mo?s1 t x is n to be se54 ,! ,palpi are p>ts plac$ close to ! m\?1 & v>i\sly %ap$2 z may be se5 by comp>+ ^? ( ! ,lepidopt]\s ) ^? ( ! ,coleopt]\s1 & o!r tribes2 consi/+ ( a great] or less numb] accord+ to ! species or g5us2 9 "s be+ only two1 9 mo/ ( !m f\r1 & 9 "s six1 7,cic9dela1 ,c>abus1 ,l9n47 ,! use & purpose ( ^! p>ts we are ignorant (4 ,fig4 #a4 c c4 ,fig4 #b4 b4 ,fig4 #c4 b b4 ,! ,eyes are g5]ally immoveable1 & suit$ diff]5tly2 9 "s to see only 9 ! night1 9 o!rs 9 ! day2 & diff] 9 numb] accord+ to ! g5]a & species1 hav+ 9 g5]al two only1 b 9 "s five1#ah 9 o!rs eight1 z ! spid]s4 ,fig4 #a4 b b4 ,fig4 #c4 d d4 ,! ,tongue 7elongat$ maxill7 is sometimes curl$ up spirally l ! spr+ ( a wat*1 z 9 butt]flies & "s mo?s1 c4 9 o!rs x 7includ+ ! labium7 is d\bl$ "u ! head1 z 9 bees & wasps2 b a great _m species are de/itute ( ?is elongat$ "p4 ,! ,,?orax is pr9cipally compos$ ( ! ,,back1 ,,brea/1 & 9 "s ! ,,scutellum1 9 o!rs ! ,,meso/]num & ,,dilat$ ,,po/]ior ,,cox4 ,! ,back1 dorsum or upp] "p1 answ]+ to ! back 9 "s animals1 t]m9ates 9 "s species 9 a triangul> mann]1 s z to repres5t ! scutellum1 z 9 ,plate #cc4 ,fig4 #e1 #f1 & #h4 ,tab4 ,ann4 ,fig4 #a4 f4 ,fig4 #b4 e4 ,! ,brea/1 or /]num1 is ! "u "p ( ! ?orax1 & always furni%$ ) legs4 ,! ,scutellum is a small b h>d "p l a scale1 frequ5tly ( a triangul> %ape1 plac$ beh9d ! dorsum ( ! pro?orax1 & jo9+ to x4 ,x is n develop$ 9 e g5us1 be+ *iefly p]ceiv$ 9 ! ,coleopt]\s1 ,hemipt]\s1 & transp>5t-w+$ ord]s4 ,! ,meso/]num is unit$ to ! =e "p ( ! brea/1 ext5d+ beyond ! middle legs t[>ds ! =e ones2 & obs]vable only 9 "s species ( ! ,coleopt]\s ord]4 ,by ,l9nu & sev]al o!r au?ors x is call$ /]num4 xxiv,! ,po/]ior ,cox are only conspicu\sly enl>g$ 9 "s p>ticul> species 7dung beetles74 ,!re are two ( !m plac$ on ! sides ( ! brea/ next to ! abdom51 "u ! h9d] ?ighs4 ,9 "s !y are plac$ remote & di/9ct f x1 9 o!rs !y lie close2 be+ moveable 9 "s1 9 o!rs !y are fix$4 ,! use ( ^! p>ts we are ignorant (4#ai ,! ,abdom5 consi/s ( a numb] ( annuli or r+s1 & conta9s ! greate/ "p ( ! inte/9es & o!r visc]a2 be+ unit$ to ! trunk1 & =m$ ) holes on ! sides1 ?r\gh :i* ! insect brea!s4 ,! ,,limbs compreh5d ! ,,tail1 ,,legs1 & ,,w+s1 ) _! cases4 ,! ,tail is plac$ at ! extremity ( ! abdom52 & 9 "s is furni%$ ) a /+1 9 o!rs x is arm$ ) a pair ( =ceps2 sometimes ) a s+le bri/le1 sometimes ) a d\ble "o2 9 "s ) a pair ( claws l a crab1 9 o!rs l a =k4 ,! ,legs include ! cox1 tro*ant]s1 femora1 tibi1 & t>si2 ! latt] consi/+ ( two1 sometimes ( ?ree1 f\r1 or five articulations4 ,9 "s ! =e ones resemble a crab's claws4 ,"s are furni%$ ) sp9es1 o!rs are smoo? & pla94 ,! h9d] ones are =m$ = runn+1 leap+1 or swimm+4 ,! ,w+s1 be+ always two or f\r1 are ei!r pla9 or fold$1 erect or op51 ly+ flat or incl9+ d[nw>ds1 c4 ,9 "s !y are d5tat$ or scollop$2 & "s are furni%$ ) two projections l tails4 ,!y are also membranace\s1 reticulat$1 or transp>5t1 & frequ5tly adorn$ ) beautiful col\rs4 ,9 "s !y are curi\sly fold$ )9 two cru/ace\s cases1 t are ei!r smoo? or r\gh1 /riat$1 furr[$1 punctat$1 c4 9 "s ^! cases are s(t & flexile1 9 o!rs h>d l horn2 ! ,hemipt]\s are p>tly s(t & transp>5t1 z 9 ,plate #di4 ,fig4 #b4 & p>tly opake & h>d1 z 9 ,plate #db4 ,fig4 #a4 ,plate #dc4 ,fig4 #b4 & ,plate #de4 ,fig4 #e4 ,x is necess>y to obs]ve1 t ,i h n be5 s prolix & explanatory 9 ! =ego+ def9itions z ,i %\ld be1 if ,i int5d$ to arrange ! figures "u _! respective classes1 or e/abli% any sy/em = do+ s2 ,i h expla9$ no m t]ms or p>ts ?an :at are suffici5t to enable ! read] 7if he is n an adept7 easily & cle>ly to und]/& ! descriptions4 ,x is likewise necess>y to m5tion1 t ,i h giv5 ,engli% names to mo/ ( ! p>ts1 :]e ,i c\ld d x ) ! necess>y propriety = s]v+ ?is p>ticul> purpose2 & :]e ,i c\ld n sub/itute an ,engli% ^w1 t 0 apposite & significant1 ,i h pres]v$ ! ,lat9 "o1 z us$ by ,l9nu & o!rs4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! t]m palpi ,i w\ld h alt]$1 if ,i c\ld h f\nd an ,engli% ^w t convey$ ! same idea2 b n easily f9d+ "o1 ,i h kept to ! orig9al4 ,i h n =got ! t]ms mu/a*ios1 :isk]s1 c4 :i* ,i might h us$ 9 its /ead2 b z ^! p>ts 9 _m insects bore no analogy or resemblance !reto1 x be+ 9 a great _m ( !m l a %ort jo9t$ filam5t or ?read1 ,i r *ose to pres]ve ! ,lat9 "o4 ,! same practice ,i h obs]v$ ) ! t]m ant5n4 ,= ?\gh feel]s is ! g5]al explanation giv5 to ?is ^w1 ,i c\ld n prevail ) myself to use x4 ,! reason is1 because ^! animals seem to h a p[] xxv( apply+ ^! p>ts to purposes diff]5t f t ( feel+4 ,by ! ant5n !y are capable ( di/+ui%+ & p]ceiv+1 z well z feel+2 & ,i am /rongly incl9$ to believe1 x is by !m ! males are capable ( discov]+ ! females at a great di/ance4 ,x is c]ta9 _! p[]s ( p]ception are v obvi\s & rem>kable1 :i*1 by close obs]vations1 we may soon discov]2 & unless we all[ !m capable ( smell+ )\t no/rils1 ,i d n "k :at p>ts !y ex]cise1 or by :at means !y s readily discov]1 n only _! females b _! respective k9ds ( food1 ! places prop] = deposit+ _! eggs1 c4 ,! male mo?s appe> to h ?is faculty ( discov]+ _! females 9 a great] degree ?an mo/ o!r insects2 = !re are b a v few1 if any1 belong+ to ?is g5us1 ^: females pass ! fir/ night aft] !y quit ! *rysalis )\t c\pl+ ) ! males2 ow+ to unconqu]able desire 9 ! latt]1 & ! /rong effluvia or sc5t emitt$ by ! =m] = attract+ _! mates4 ,e adept is fully acqua9t$ t a female mo?1 kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,egg] 7,phalna ,qu]cus ( ,l9nu71 tak5 into ! fields ! fir/ day x is hat*$1 w mo/ c]ta9ly 7?\gh %ut up 9 a box7 allure all ! males r\nd ! c\ntry t are )9 ! sph]e ( its attraction1 & ev5 f a great di/ance2 :o w at fir/ fly r\nd ! box ) wond]ful swiftness & eag]ness1 & aft]w>ds settl+ !reon w hunt & run ab\t x ) ! greate/ impati5ce1 endeav\r+ to get at ! inclos$ female2 & all ?is f ! /ronge/ desire ( copulation2 = ! m9ute t action is p]=m$ by a male1 ! attractive prop]ty ( ! o!r ceases4 ,! p[]s ( p]ception & di/9ction1 !re=e1 are v great2 & :at p>ts ( ! insects1 unless x be ! ant5n1 are employ$ 9 ?is se>* ,i am at a loss to discov]4 ,h[ev]1 at pres5t1 ,i presume x w n be necess>y to (f] any fur!r reasons = us+ ?is t]m1 z ! "n sub/itut$ is suffici5t = x to be kn[n by1 x w fully answ] ! int5d$ purpose4 ,! names ( ! o!r p>ts are too intelligible to require any explanation4 ,! plate annex$ 7be+ ! la/ ?+ ,i %all speak (7 requires b little to be said 9 its fav\r4 ,! use & advantage ( x is too obvi\s to dwell on4 ,i h already m5tion$1 t engrav+s & del9eations claim ! pref]5ce 9 ! highe/ degree ( v]bal descriptions2 & z su*1 ,i presume1 ! read] w f9d ?is plate ( ! greate/ s]vice 9 assi/+ him to und]/& ! descriptive p>ts ) cle>ness & ease4 ,i mu/ only recomm5d x to him1 if he is desir\s ( avoid+ difficulty & tr\ble1 to make himself fully acqua9t$ ) ! t]ms & names ( all ! p>ts ( insects1 be=e he beg9s to read ! descriptions4 ,illu/ration ,explanation ( ,fig4 ,i4 a ,! head4 b b ,! eyes4 c c ,! palpi4 d d ,! ant5n4 e e ,! %\ld]s4 ,! patagia1 or tippets1 are plac$ "h4 f ,! ?orax4 ,! "p und]nea? & opposite to ?is is t]m$ ! brea/4 xxvig ,! abdom51 ) ! annuli or r+s ( :i* ?is "p is compos$2 v conspicu\s 9 su* ( ! ,lepidopt]a z are figur$ 9 ,plate #bg1 #bh1 & #bi4 ,a ,a ,! ant]ior w+s4 ,b ,b ,! po/]ior w+s4 h h ,! bases ( ! w+s4 i i ,! tips4 k k k k ,! ant]ior m>g94 l l ,! po/]ior or int]nal m>g94 m m m m ,! ext]nal edges4 n n ,! l[] corn]s ( ! ant]ior w+s4 o o ,! upp] corn]s ( ! po/]ior w+s4 p p ,! abdom9al edges4 ,9 ! butt]fly tribe ?is "p =ms ! abdom9al groove4 q q ,! anal angle4 r r ,! tails2 :]e( "s species h f\r1 z 9 ,plate #a1 #b1 & #g4 s s ,! eyes on ! w+s4 ,f r\nd spots resembl+ an eye4 t ,a wav$ b>4 u u ,an irregul> ind5t$ b>4 ,! t]ms upp] side & "u side1 m5tion$ 9 all ! descriptions ( ! f>9ace\s tribe1 require no explanation4 ,explanation ( ,fig4 ,,ii4 a ,! head4 b ,! palpi4 c ,! ant5n4 d ,! eyes4 e ,! dorsum ( ! pro?orax1 commonly call$ ! ?orax 9 beetles2 :]e( ! "u "p is ! pro/]num4 f ,! lat]al m>g9 ( ! ?orax4 g ,! po/]ior m>g9 ( ! ?orax4 h h ,! upp] horn4 i i ,! l[] horn4 k ,! scutellum4 l l ,! w+ cases1 or elytra4 m m ,! suture4 n n ,! lat]al m>g9 ( ! w+ cases4 o ,! anus4 p ,! =e ?igh4 q ,! middle ?igh4 r ,! h9d] ?igh4 s s ,! =e tibi4 t t ,! middle tibi4 u u ,! h9d] tibi4 w w w w w w ,! t>si4 x x x x x x ,! articulation ( ! t>si ) ! tibi4 y y y ,! articulation ( ! tibi ) ! femora4 z z z ,! hooks or claws1 7ungues47 ,explanation ( ,fig4 ,,iii4 a ,! head4 b b ,! palpi4 c c ,! ant5n4 d d ,! eyes4 e ,! pro/]num2 :]e( ! upp] "p is ! pro?orax4 f ,! meso/]num4 g g ,! dilat$ po/]ior cox4 h h h h ,! abdom51 ) its annuli or r+s4 o ,! anus4 p ,! =e ?ighs4 q q ,! middle ?ighs4 r r ,! h9d] ?ighs4 s s ,! =e tibi4 t t ,! middle tibi4 u u ,! h9d] tibi4 w w w w w w ,! t>si4 x x x x x x ,! articulation ( ! t>si ) ! tibi4 y y y y y y ,! articulation ( ! tibi ) ! femora1 or ?ighs4 z z ,! hooks or claws1 7ungues47 ,fig4 ,,iv4 is ins]t$ only to %ew ! ?ree little eyes1 :i* are plac$ 9 a triangul> mann]1 & m5tion$ 9 "s ( ! descriptions1 viz4 ,plate #dc4 ,fig4 #d1 #e1 #f1 c4 #a;,,illu/rations ,,( ,,exotic ,,entomology4 ---- ,,plate ,i4 ,illu/ration ,,nymphalis 7,,*>axes7 ,,jason4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a1 ,l9n4 ,,section3 ,diurna1 ,latr4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9son4 ,,g5us4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,papilio ,eq4 ,a*iv4 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,papilio ,nymphalis1 ,fabr4 ,,subg5us4 ,jasia1 ,swa9son4 ,*>axes1 ,boisduval4 ,,nymphalis 7,,*>axes7 ,,jason4 ,alis fuscis1 anticis utr9que /rig macul>i limboque apicali fulvis1 po/icis bicaudatis1 ord9e po/ico macul>um sublun>ium fulvesc5tium1 omnibus subtus ad bas9 f]rug9eis c>act]ibus fascique albis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c-d4 unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio ,jason1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #gdi4 ,no4 #bf4 ,h]b/4 tab4 #fd4 f4 #c4 #d4 #e4 ,cram4 pl4 #cci4 f4 ,a4 ,b4 ,drury1 vol4 #a4 p4 #b4 ,pap4 7,nymphalis7 ,jasius1 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 t4 ,,iii4 "p #a4 p4 #fa4 #aia4 ,drury1 vol4 #b4 ,app4 ,nymphalis ,jasius1 ,latr4 et ,god>t4 ,enc4 ,me?4 v4 #i4 p4 #cej4 #a4 ,*>axes ,jasius1 ,boisduval ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,lepidopt4 pl4 #g4 f4 #ab4 7imago7 pl4 #c4 ,a4 f4 #i4 7l>va & pupa47 ,,habitat3 ,b>b>y1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ! ,nor!rn ,coa/ ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s are ( a f9e *ocolate1 ) an orange-col\r$ m>g9 runn+ along ! ext]ior edge1 )9 :i* are "s fa9t r\nd orange spots2 ^? next ! ant]ior edge1 :]e !y beg91 be+ /ronge/4 ,! po/]ior w+s are furni%$ ) f\r tails 7! out] ones be+ ! %orte/7 & are ( a blue black4 ,a yell[ scollop$ m>g9 runs r\nd _! ext]nal edges1 v]g$ ) black2 above :i* are "s lunate spots ( a sky blue4 ,"u ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s1 next ! body1 are ( a fa9t d>k r$1 ) _m spots & m>ks ( a dirty olive1 diff]5tly %ap$1 m>g9$ ) :ite4 ,an orange m>g9 runs along ! ext]ior edge1 int]sect$ by ! blue t5dons2 & above x are sev]al triangul> m>ks ( a fa9t orange1 on a bluei% hazel gr\nd1 :i* dead5s z x approa*es ! m>g94 ,! po/]ior w+s h on ea* a :ite b&1 runn+ transv]sely1 & meet+ j bel[ ! extremity ( ! body2 )9 :i*1 & includ+ ! anal groove1 are _m r\nd1 oval1 & o!r %ap$ m>ks ( *ocolate & d>k olive2 v]g$ ) :ite4 ,a scollop$ m>g91 ( a deep lemon col\r1 runs along ! po/]ior edges1 v]g$ ) dirty gre51 & sep>at$ f ! :ite b& by a b> ( hazel col\r1 & "s l>ge br[n r$di% spots & m>ks4 ,two blue spots are plac$ j above ! two longe/ tails1 ) sev]al less] ones1 j above ! lemon-col\r$ m>g94 ,i h ?\ght x m 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples :i* are n[ almo/ univ]sally adopt$1 9 regulat+ specific nom5clature1 to rev]t to ! orig9al ,l9nan #b"n ( ,jason 9 pref]5ce to t ( ,fabricius4 ,?is butt]fly may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ spl5did ( ! ,lepidopt]a ( ,europe1 to ! s\!rn portion ( :i* & to ! nor!rn %ores ( ,africa x appe>s to be conf9$4 ,! /r5g? ( its g5]al /ructure indicates great p[]s ( flight1 & we accord+ly f9d t x is able to su/a9 itself 9 ! air ) v little motion ( ! w+s4 ,! female diff]s f ! male only by hav+ ! c5tre ( ! po/]ior w+s adorn$ ) small blue spots on ! upp] side4 ,!re are two broods 9 ! ye>1 namely 9 ,june & ,septemb]1 &1 accord+ to ,m4 ,de ,villi]s1 ! insect emits a /rong sc5t ( musk4 ,! cat]pill> is nak$ & ?ick5$ 9 ! middle ( ! body2 ! tail tap]+ into two %ort po9ts1 ! head is also arm$ ) two conical erect horns4 ,9 ?is respect1 !re=e1 ?is insect v ne>ly approa*es ! g5us ,apatura1 ( :i* ! purple ,emp]or1 ,ap4 ,iris is ! type1 ?us prov+ ! advantages to be obta9$1 9 /udy+ ! natural relations ( ?is difficult ord] ( ,annulosa1 f an accurate acqua9tance ) ! /ructure & habits ( ! e>ly /ages ( ! insect4 ,!re are sev]al species1 hav+ ! same g5]al =m z ! ,jason1 includ+ ,a?amas1 pl4 #b4 fig4 #c4 #d2 ,eudoxus1 vol4 iii4 pl4 #cc4 f4 #a4 #d2 ,camulus1 vol4 iii4 pl4 #cj4 f4 #a4 #b4 ,mr4 ,swa9son has1 accord+ly1 =m$ !m into a di/9ct gr\p1 to :i* he has giv5 ! "n ( ,jasia1 9 pursuance ) 8 cu/om>y1 b sc>cely correct plan1 ( rais+ ! specific "n ( ! typical species into a g5]ic "n1 & !n giv+ a new specific "n to su* type4 ,m4 ,boisduval1 reject+ ?is sy/em ( nom5clature1 has m rec5tly propos$ = ! same gr\p ! "n ( ,*>axes1 :i* ,i h adopt$4 ,among/ ! species v ne>ly resembl+ ,jason1 is "o s5t f ,africa#bj to ,mr4 ,drury by ,mr4 ,smea?man1 :i*1 accord+ to ! obs]vations ( t travell]1 publi%$ by ,drury1 9 ! introduction to 8 ?ird volume1 flies 9 ! heat ( ! day ) amaz+ rapidity1 & seldom desc5ds )9 eight feet ( ! gr\nd4 ,x glances f ! prom95t bran*es ( "o tree to ^? ( ano!r1 z swift z a swall[1 & turns its head ab\t in/antly to ! glade1 or pa?1 & w n suff] any p]son to approa* )9 a /rik+ di/ance ( x1 b d>ts away on ! lea/ motion ( ! body4 ,if ! collector ex]t 8 pati5ce x w at la/ become m famili> & c>eless1 & is !n to be caught ^u "s p>ticul> bran*1 to :i* x w appe> m atta*$ ?an to ano!r4 #c,,!cla ,,acis4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,lycnid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,!cla1 ,fabr4 7,sy/4 ,gloss4 ,synops4 9 ,illig4 ,mag47 ,polyommatus1 ,latr4 et ,god>t4 ,cupido p4 ,s*rank ,papilio 7,pleb4 rural471 ,drury4 ,,!cla ,,acis4 ,alis supr fuscis subts pallidioribus1 po/icis bicaudatis macul ruf ad angulum ani1 subts punctis duobus fascique obliqu albis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio ,acis1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 7#aggc74 ,cram4 pl4 #age4 fig4 ,c4 ,d4 ,papilio ,m>s1 ,fabr4 ,mant4 ,ins4 #b4 #ff4 ,no4 #fbd4 7#aghg74 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #bhh4 f4 #a4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #bfe4 #bd4 7,hesp]ia ,m47 ,encycl4 ,me?4 #i4 #fce4 7,polyommatus ,m47 ,papilo ,ixion1 ,fab4 ,mant4 ,ins4 #b4 #ga4 ,no4 #fga8 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york 7,drury17 tak5 on #ca/ ,augu/4 ,s\? ,am]ica 7,fabr473 ,antilles 7,god>t74 ,cape ( ,good ,hope 788 ,cram]74 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s are entirely d>k br[n1 )\t any spots or m>ks4--,! po/]ior w+s ! same1 ) f\r tails1 ! inn] ones mu* long] ?an ! o!rs2 close above :i* latt] are two r$ spots1 edg$ at ! bottom ) black1 & two m1 plac$ at ! anal angle4 ,! cilia is :ite4 ,"u ,side4 ,all ! w+s are ( a d>k lead col\r4 ,a v n>r[ black & :ite l9e crosses ! ant]ior w+s1 p>allel to ! ext]nal edges2 ano!r ind5t$ irregul> l9e crosses ! po/]ior w+s1 beg9n+ ne> ! middle ( ! ant]ior edge1 & meet+ j bel[ ! extremity ( ! body4 ,f\r long r$di% spots are v visible on ?is side1 bel[ :i* are f\r black ones4 ,?is species is ne>ly alli$ to ,papilio ,e*ion1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 p4 #ghh4 figur$ by ,roesel1 tom4 i4 tab4 #g4 f4 #c4 #d4 :i* is also an ,am]ican species1 b diff]s1 z ,drury obs]ves1 9 want+ ! r$ spots on ! upp] surface ( ! l[] w+s1 9 hav+ a r$ l9e cross+ ! w+s on ! "u side1 c4 ,,!cla ,,simae?is4 ,plate ,i4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,lycnid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,!cla1 ,fabr41 ,horsfield4 ,polyommatus1 ,latr4 et ,god>t4 ,hesp]ia1 ,fabr4 olim4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rur47 ,drury4 ,,!cla ,,simae?is4 ,alis supra fuscis1 nitidis1 subtus flavo-viridibus1 vitt transv]s arg5te1 po/icis apice f]rug9eis /rig punctis m>g>itaceis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rural47 ,simae?is1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #bhj4 f4 #c4 #d4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #bhf4 ,no4 #ig4 7,hesp]ia ,s47 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,me?4 #i4 #fdc4 #ig4 7,polyommatus ,s47 ,,habitat3 ,sa9t ,*ri/oph]'s 7,drury74 ,sur9am 7,fabr47 ,upp] ,side4 ,! w+s are br[n1 t+$ ) blue4 ,! cilia :ite1 po/]ior w+s ) two tails l hairs1 ( a *ocolate col\r2 ! tips be+ :ite4 ,"u ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s are gre5 next ! ant]ior edge1 b along ! int]ior "o are ( a greyi% fle% col\r4 ,a n>r[ silv] l9e beg9s at ! ant]ior edge1 ab\t a ?ird f ! tips1 & cross+ bo? sup]ior & inf]ior w+s1 meets ne> ! extremity ( ! abdom51 runn+ across ! inf]ior w+s 9 a v irregul>1 ind5t$ mann]1 & hav+ its upp] side v]g$ ) *ocolate4 ,! #dpo/]ior w+s1 above ?is l9e1 are ( a deep pea-gre52 b bel[ x s(t5 into a fle% col\r1 :i* cont9ues along ! ext]nal edge1 f ! upp] to ! anal corn]2 :5ce rises a jagg$1 ind5t$1 *ocolate l9e1 t runs across ! w+1 p>allel ) ! silv] l9e1 :]eon are sev]al d>k blue spots1 %9+ l poli%$ /eel4 ,ne>ly alli$ to ! common ,briti% species1 ,!cla ,rubi4 ,,plate ,,ii4 ,illu/ration ,,polyommatus ,,!ro4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,lycnid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,polyommatus1 ,latreille et ,god>t4 ,lycna1 ,fabr4 7,sy/4 ,gloss4 ,synops4 9 ,illig4 ,mag47 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal]at47 ,drury4 7,pleb4 rural47 ,l9n4 ,,polyommatus ,,!ro4 ,alis d5tats1 supr nigricanti-fuscis1 flvo maculatis1 po/icis subts nebuloso-c9]eis maculis l9e>ibus nit5ti-albis1 macul disci majori1 apicibus unc9at4 7,expans4 ,al>4 l94 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rur47 ,!ro1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 p4 #ghg4 ,no4 #bai4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #bgd4 ,no4 #eg4 7,hesp]ia rural74 ,god4 et ,latr4 ,enc4 ,me?4 #i4 #fjb4 ,no4 #aed4 ,hesp]ia ,eros9e1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #bff4 ,no4 #bh4 ,papilio ,salmoneus1 ,cram]1 ,ins4 t4 #a4 pl4 #b4 f4 #a4 ,papilio ,rum9a1 ,drury1 7exclus4 syn4 ,l9n47 ,,habitat3 ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! w+s are d5tat$1 & ( a f9e d>k br[n col\r4 ,! ant]ior hav+ sev5 squ>e discoidal r$ spots1 ( diff]5t sizes4 ,! po/]ior ones are furni%$ ) f\r %ort tails1 two on ea*2 above :i* are ?ree small r$ spots4 ,"u ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s are r$ at ! base2 b along ! ext]nal & int]ior edges are ( a ru/y grey br[n1 ) sev]al d>k m>ks or cl\ds !reon4 ,ne> ! ant]ior edge1 t[>ds ! base1 are ?ree black spots1 ) ?ree small :ite ones 9 _! c5tres4 ,! po/]ior w+s are ( a ru/y grey br[n1 d>ke/ 9 ! middle1 ) a m>g9 ( a pal] col\r1 runn+ along ! ext]nal & "p ( ! upp] edges4 ,sev]al spots1 ( a silv] :ite1 are disp]s$ on diff]5t p>ts ( ! w+s2 "s be+ r\nd1 long1 triangul>1 c4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ea* w+ is a long silv]y m>k1 runn+ 9 a direction f ! base to ! ext]nal edge2 be+ ab\t half ! l5g? ( ! w+4 ,drury conf\nd$ ?is species ) ! ,european ,papilio ,rum9a1 ,l9n4 belong+ to a di/ant g5us 7,?ais71 :il/ ,fabricius describ$ x twice "u ! specific names cit$ above4 ,,eryc9a ,,lysippus4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,lycnid8 ,,g5us4 ,,eryc9a1 ,latr4 ,hesp]ia 7rurales71 ,fab4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rur47 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,eryc9a ,,lysippus4 ,alis fusco-nigris1 s+ul>um utr9que fasci t5ui aurantiac2 po/icis angulatis1 subts ad bas9 griseo maculatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rur47 ,lysippus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 p4 #gic4 ,no4 #bej4 ,cram]1 pl4 #chj4 f4 ,a4 ,fabricius ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cba4 ,no4 #bah4 7,hesp]ia rur4 ,l474 ,latr4 et ,god>t1 ,encycl4 ,m?od4 ix4 p4 #eff4 ,no4 #aa4 7,eryc9a ,l47 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,guiana & ,brazil 7,latr4 et ,god474 #e,upp] ,side4 ,! w+s are ( a *ocolate-black4 ,on ! ant]ior is an orange-col\r$ l9e1 :i*1 ris+ ab\t ! middle ( ! ant]ior edge1 crosses ! w+ t[>ds ! anal angle1 :]e x sudd5ly b5ds1 & t]m9ates at ! po/]ior edge4 ,! po/]ior w+s1 :i* are angulat$1 h a circul> orange l9e1 ris+ at ! ant]ior edge1 ne> ! corn]1 cross+ ! w+s1 & meet+ ne> ! anal angle4 ,"u ,side4 ,! w+s are ( ! same col\r z on ! upp] side1 ) ! same orange l9e1 :]eon1 9 ! ant]ior pair1 are "s :ite spots4 ,betwe5 ?is & ! base are sev]al fa9t1 dirty grey1 oblong spots1 namely1 f\r on ! ant]ior1 & ab\t tw5ty on ! po/]ior w+4 ,! base ( ! ant]ior m>g9 ( ! =e w+s1 & ! anal m>g9 ( ! po/]ior w+s1 are ( a r$ col\r4 ,,hipp>*ia ,,eumea4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9son4 ,,g5us4 ,,hipp>*ia1 ,fabr4 ,satyrus1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,papilio 7,danai ,fe/ivi71 ,drury4 ,,hipp>*ia ,,eumea4 ,alis integris subfuscis1 anticis utr9que /rig lat fulv1 subtus s]ie communi punctorum alborum4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,fe/iv47 ,eumeus1 ,drury1 ,app4 to v4 #b4 7#aggc74 ,cram]1 pl4 #ahc4 fig4 ,c4 ,d4 ,pap4 7,nymphal47 ,gripus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #adi4 ,no4 #deg4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #ace4 ,no4 #c4 #d4 ,satyrus ,gripus1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 v4 ix4 p4 #dig4 ,no4 #gj4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,india 7,fabricius74 ,upp] ,side4 ,! w+s are entire1 & ( a deep br[n1 ) a broad lute\s fascia1 ris+ ne> ! ant]ior edges ( ! =e w+s1 runn+ along ne> ! tips1 & end+ at ! ext]nal m>g94 ,"u ,side4 ,! w+s are ! same col\rs z on ! upp] side4 ,! ant]ior1 ) five :iti% spots on ea*1 plac$ 9 a r[1 ne> ! ext]nal m>g94 ,! po/]ior h on ea* sometimes five1 & sometimes sev5 spots1 ( ! same col\r1 plac$ 9 a circul> r[1 meet+ ne> ! extremity ( ! body4 ,i h rev]t$ to ! "n giv5 by ,drury1 9 pref]5ce to foll[+ ,fabricius1 & ! au?ors ( ! ,encyclopdie ,m?odique4 ,,nymphalis 7,,*>axes7 ,,a?amas4 ,plate ,,ii4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord] ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,g5us4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,,subg5us4 ,*>axes1 ,boisduval4 7,see page #a47 ,,nymph 7,,*47 ,,a?amas4 ,alis supra nigris1 utr9que fasci m$i lat glauc subhyal91 subtus lunulis f]rug9eis m>g9at4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c4 unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,equit44 ,a*iv47 ,a?amas1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,cram]1 ,pap4 pl4 #hi4 f4 ,c4 ,d4 ,encycl4 ,m?od4 #i4 #cec4 7,nymphalis ,a47 ,papilio ,pyrrhus1 ,donovan4 ,insects ( ,india1 pl4 #d4 f4 #b4 7exel4 syn4 ,l9n47 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,india 7,donovan74 ,java 7,latr4 et ,god474 ,upp] ,side4 ,! head is br[n1 ) f\r m9ute yell[ frontal spots4 ,! w+s are d5tat$1 & ( a f9e r$ br[n1 ea* ) a broad brim/one col\r$ b>1 ris+ ne> ! middle ( ! ant]ior w+s2 &1 cross+ !m & ! po/]ior ones transv]sely1 meet+ ne> ! extremity ( ! body4 #f;,above ^!1 ne> ! tips1 are two small oval spots ( ! same col\r4 ,! po/]ior w+s h f\r tails1 ( ne>ly equal l5g?1 above :i* are sev5 small brim/one spots1 plac$ on ea*1 along ! ext]nal edge4 ,"u ,side4 ,! broad transv]se b> is ( a pe>l col\r1 be+ surr\nd$ next ! body by a n>r[ r$ br[n bord]1 edg$ ) black1 betwe5 :i* & ! base1 are two small black spots4 ,! two spots1 ne> ! tips1 are also se5 on ?is side1 be+ ( a pe>l col\r4 ,! ext]nal edges ( ! ant]ior w+s are ( an olive col\r2 ! rema9+ p>ts be+ ( a v respl5d5t greyi% purple4 ,sev]al small kidney-%ap$ m>ks are plac$ along ! out] side ( ! pe>l b>4 ,! po/]ior w+s h a n>r[ orange-col\r$ bord] runn+ along _! ext]nal edges2 & above x1 are sev5 small black spots1 edg$ at ! top ) :ite4 ,above ^! is a %ade ( br[n olive1 ov] :i* are "s black angul> m>ks1 ) r$ cresc5ts above !m4 ,donovan has conf\nd$ ?is species ) ! ,l9nan ,pap4 ,pyrrhus1 al?\gh ,drury _h previ\sly po9t$ out ! div]sity ( ! two species4 ,,plate ,,iii4 ,illu/ration ,,erebus ,,odora4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid4 ,,g5us4 ,,erebus1 ,latr4 ,?ysania1 ,dalm4 ,noctua1 ,fabr4 ,phalna 7,attacus71 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,erebus ,,odora4 ,alis d5tatis fuscis1 nigro undatis1 anticis ocello atro auri=mi fulvo m>g9ato2 po/icis sesquialt]o4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #g unc47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,attacus7 ,odora1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 p4 #haa4 ,no4 #aa4 ,sloan4 ,jam4 #b4 t4 #bcf4 f4 #ac4 #ad4 ,noctua ,odora1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #b4 p4 #aj4 ,no4 #h4 ,gmel91 ,l9n41 ,s4 ,n4 #bebi4 #aa4 ,cram]1 ,ins4 tab4 #afi4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #h4 #beb4 #g4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica1 ,antigua1 & o!r ,we/ ,indian ,isl&s 7,drury74 ,sur9am 7,fabricius74 ,upp] ,side4 ,! body & w+s are ( a d>k br[n4 ,! latt] are scollop$1 ! ant]ior hav+1 ne> _! ant]ior m>g91 t[>ds ! middle1 a black eye on ea*1 %ap$ l a human e>1 ^: iris is ( a d>k orange col\r2 &1 ne> ! anal angle1 t[>ds ! ext]nal edge1 is a black scollop$ l9e1 runn+ half way up ! w+1 jo9+ to :i* 7"u x7 is a b> ( a v s(t & delicate br[n col\r1 diff]+ f ! g5]al t9t ( ! w+s4 ,! po/]ior w+s h1 on ea*1 ne> ! ext]nal edge1 a m>k some:at l a l>ge eye2 ^u ^: "u edge are two semi-eyes1 "o black1 ! o!r ! same col\r z ! w+s4 ,_m agreeable %ades1 ( a light] col\r1 & +rail$ l9es1 run across all ! w+s4 ,"u ,side4 ,! head1 brea/1 & legs1 are ! same col\r z ! upp] side2 except ! ?ighs ( ! =e legs1 :i* are r$4 ,!re is v little v>iety ( col\rs on ?is side1 except a purpli% hue1 visible :5 held 9 a decl9+ direction4 ,drury notices ano!r insect1 also receiv$ by him f ,sa9t ,*ri/oph]'s1 ( small] size1 & diff]+ only 9 hav+ a n>r[ ind5t$ b>1 ( a fle% col\r1 cross+ ! upp] & l[] w+s1 & :i*1 he ?9ks1 may possibly be ! o!r sex ( ! insect "h figur$2 consid]+ also1 t ! ref]5ces to ,l9nu & ,sloane1 apply r to ! small] insect4 ,fabricius /ates1 t ! female ( ,odora is di/+ui%$ by hav+ a fascia1 compos$ ( ?ree wav$ :ite l9es1 9 ! middle ( ! w+s4 #g,,spilosoma ,,acrea4 ,plate ,,iii4 fig4 #b4 female4 #c4 male4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,spilosoma1 ,/eph5s4 ,arctia p4 ,s*rank4 ,eyprepia p4 ,o*s5heim4 ,bombyx p4 ,fabr4 ,,spilosoma ,,acrea4 ,alis niveis 7po/ieis male fulvis71 punctis nigris1 co/alibus majoribus2 abdom9is dorso fulvo nigro maculato4 7,expans4 ,al>4 male #b unc4--female #b unc47 ,,syn4 female ,phalna 7,bombyx7 ,acrea1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 male4 ,phal4 7,bomb47 ,caprot9a1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,bombyx ,acria1 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #dea4 ,no4 #acg4 ,abbot & ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georg4 tab4 #fg4 7exclus4 ,syn4 ,fabr4 ,b4 lubricepid74 ,arctia ,pseud]m9ea 7,peck71 ,h>ris 9 ,massa*us4 ,agricult4 ,repos4 vol4 #g4 p4 #cbh4 & tab4 annex4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia 7,drury74 ,,male44--,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n & eyes are black2 ! ?orax & extremity ( ! body cream col\r2 he abdom5 yell[1 spott$ on ! top & sides ) black4 ,! ant]ior w+s are cream col\r$1 spott$ ) black4 ,! numb] ( spots v unc]ta91 except five :i* are plac$ on ! ant]ior edge1 & six on ! ext]nal "o4 ,! cilia yell[1 z are ! po/]ior w+s1 on ea* ( :i* are ?ree black spots1 two ne> ! ext]nal edge1 & "o ne> ! middle4 ,"u ,side4 ,! brea/ & ?ighs are yell[2 ! abdom5 & legs ! same1 *equ]$ & spott$ ) black4 ,all ! w+s are yell[1 spott$ 9 ! same mann] ) black1 z on ! upp] side4 ,,female4--,upp] ,side4 ,! head & ?orax :ite4 ,! abdom5 yell[1 ) black spots on ! sides & top1 ! extremity be+ :ite4 ,all ! w+s are :ite1 ) black spots1 ^: numb] is v v>iable2 b1 on ! ant]ior edges ( ea* ant]ior w+1 are plac$ five1 & on ! ext]nal edges1 six4 ,"u ,side4 ,! legs are black & :ite1 ! ?ighs yell[2 ! abdom5 :ite1 spott$ ) black4 ,all ! w+s are :ite1 ) black spots1 mo/ ( :i*1 obs]v$ on ! upp] side1 be+ se5 on ?is4 ,?is species is closely alli$ to ! common ,briti% species1 ,spilosoma lubricepida1 & ,m5?ra/ri2 b is ( l>g] size1 ! spots be+ also l>g]4 ,! two figures giv5 by ,drury1 are n[ asc]ta9$ to be ! sexes ( ! same species1 z1 inde$1 our au?or _h surmis$ might be ! case4 ,x appe>s to be a v common species1 & is /at$ by ,drury to bre$ twice a ye>1 namely1 9 ,june & ,septemb]4 ,! cat]pill> is v hairy1 & :5 "y is :ite2 z x advances 9 age1 x acquires a fox col\r1 &1 9 its la/ sk91 becomes almo/ black4 ,dr4 ,?addeus ,w4 ,h>ris1 a di/+ui%$ ,am]ican entomologi/1 to :om ,i am indebt$ = _m valuable insects ( t c\ntry1 has publi%$ a v int]e/+ notice1 9 ! "w above cit$1 ^u ?is insect1 "u ! title ( ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,salt-m>% ,cat]pill>1 "u :i* "n ! l>va ( ?is insect is commonly kn[n1 & :i* is exce$+ly de/ructive to grasses ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,he /ates1 t :5 ne>ly full-f$1 !y become v voraci\s1 & cont9ue eat+ all ! day & night )\t int]mission4 ,soon !y leave ! mead[s1 aggregat$ 9 great numb]s1 & comm5ce ! w&]+ /ate1 or beg9 to run1 z is ! phrase1 dev\r+ ev]y?+ 9 _! progress2 corn-fields1 g>d5s1 & ev5 ! co>se & rank #hproduce ( road sides1 af=d !m tempor>y n\ri%m5t1 until !y h f\nd a place ( security f ! w9d & wea!r4 ,dr4 ,h>ris1 9 a communication to me1 has /at$1 t he _h asc]ta9$ t ?is insect 0 ! ,acria ( ,fabricius1 & t ,pr(essor ,peck's "n mu/1 !re=e1 be reject$4 ,abbot obs]ves1 respect+ ?is cat]pill>1 t x is a g5]al dev\r] ( all field & g>d5-plants1 & we$s4 ,x spun up 9 a ?9 web1 int]mix$ ) its own hairs1 on ! #af? ( ,may1 & ! mo? came out on ! #b;d ( ,june4 ,o!rs ( ! autumnal brood1 tak5 9 ,septemb]1 spun up on ! #ah? ( t mon?1 & rema9$ 9 ! *rysalis until ! #ba/ ( ,april4 ,,plate ,,iv4 ,illu/ration ,,ce?osia ,,cyane4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,ce?osia1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymphal4 ,phal]at471 ,drury4 ,,ce?osia ,,cyane4 ,alis d5tatis nigris1 l9e communi t5uissim angulat m>g9ali1 anticis fasci po/icis disco 7nigro punctato7 albis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 unc4 #c47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,cyane1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #bdh4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,cram]1 ,pap4 #be4 pl4 #bie4 fig4 ,c4 ,d4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #aae4 ,no4 #ceb4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,encycl4 ,m?od4 ix4 p4 #bdg4 7,ce?osia ,cy47 ,,habitat3 ,b5gal 7,drury74 ,india 7,fabr474 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s are d5tat$ & black3 ! ant]ior edge ( a dirty olive br[n2 9 ! middle :]e( a broad :ite b> arises1 & runs transv]sely t[>ds ! middle ( ! ext]nal edge1 :]e1 /opp+ at ! di/ance ( a qu>t] ( an in*1 x =ms1 ) "s fa9t :ite spots1 a black bord] along ! ext]nal edge1 :]eon is a r[ ( n>r[ :ite angulat$ m>ks4 ,! po/]ior w+s1 :i* are deeply d5tat$1 are :ite2 ) a deep black bord] runn+ along ! ext]nal edge1 :]eon is a r[ ( :ite angulat$ m>ks1 z on ! sup]ior w+s1 & above ea* ( !m is a s]ies ( %ort :ite /reaks1 runn+ p>allel ) ! edge ( ! w+4 ,above ^! are six r\nd black spots1 "o situat$ betwe5 ea* n]ve1 & ov] !m six m small]1 & fa9t]2 sev]al m spots be+ disp]s$ on ! :ite p>ts ( ! w+s1 "s v di/9ct1 & o!rs v fa9t4 ,"u ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s are r$1 :i* col\r ext5ds f ! base ne>ly half along ! w+1 & :i*1 t[>ds ! po/]ior edge1 s(t5s to a cream-col\r4 ,on ?is r$ gr\nd are "s %ort black l9es1 ) blue ones betwe5 !m1 ext5d+ betwe5 ! two pr9cipal n]ves4 ,! ext]nal edge has a black m>g92 :]eon ! :ite angul> m>ks are se5 m di/9ctly1 be+ "h %ap$ l be>ds ( arr[s4 ,above ?is bord]1 ne> ! ext]nal angle1 are two oval black spots1 or eyes1 ^: irides are :ite1 hav+ betwe5 !m & ! black bord] a r[ ( small1 r\nd1 black spots1 plac$ close toge!r4 ,! :ite b> describ$ on ! upp] side is also se5 "h4 ,sev]al m black spots1 ( v>i\s =ms1 are disp]s$ on diff]5t p>ts1 p>ticul>ly a gr\p 9 ! c5tre ( ! w+4 ,! inf]ior w+s are :ite1 ) pale cream-col\r$ cl\ds2 b next ! base are :ite1 blue1 & r$1 ) black /reaks1 f :5ce a %ade ( blue & br[n runs along ! ant]ior edge to ! ext]nal angle1 :]e a black bord] comm5ces1 :]eon are angul> :ite m>ks1 l arr[ be>ds or po9ts4 ,?is bord] cont9ues to ! abdom9al corn]s1 :]e two small1 curv$1 black l9es meet toge!r1 & =m an ar*4 ,above ! black bord] is a r[ ( small black spots1 & above !m are six l>g]1 ) sev]al o!rs1 ( diff]5t %apes & sizes1 disp]s$ on v>i\s p>ts ( ! w+s4 #i,! insect describ$ 9 ! ,encyclopdie ,m?odique1 f ,malab>1 diff]s f t figur$ by ,drury1 9 hav+ ! disc ( ! po/]ior w+s ( a fulv\s buff col\r1 & ! spots l>g]1 ) ! m>k+s at ! base ( ?is pair ( w+s1 on ! "u side fulv\s in/ead ( blue4 ,is ?is to be reg>d$ z a v>iety1 ! opposite sex1 or a di/9ct species8 ,,ce?osia ,,biblis4 ,plate ,,iv4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,g5us4 ,,ce?osia1 ,fab4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymphal4 ,phal471 ,drury4 ,,ce?osia ,,biblis4 ,alis subrotundatis d5tatis fulvis1 extimo fusco1 lunulis albis antic>um s]ie triplici dige/is 7int]m$i m9ori71 po/icis ante m>g9em maculis nigris1 s+ulis subts ad bas9 l9eis maculisque flavis v>iis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,biblis1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 7#aggc74 ,cram]1 ,pap4 #ae4 pl4 #age4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #bdh4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,papilio 7,nymph47 ,p5!silea1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #aad4 ,no4 #cdi4 7exclus4 ,syn4 ,cram]i47 ,ce?osia ,bibl9a1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #bdh4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,f ! collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,lee ( ,dept=d4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s1 next ! %\ld]s1 are a br[n orange1 occupy+ half ! w+s2 ! o!r half1 next ! tips1 are ( a ru/y r$ br[n1 :]eon is a r[ ( :ite cresc5ts runn+ along ! ext]nal edge4 ,above ?is are five :ite squ>i% spots1 & ov] !m a r[ ( angulat$ m>ks1 l po9ts ( arr[s1 ) :ite spots 9 _! c5tres1 above :i* is a s+le :ite spot1 betwe5 :i* & ! %\ld]s are "s %ort black wav$ l9es1 ext5d+ betwe5 ! two pr9cipal n]ves4 ,! po/]ior w+s are entirely ( a br[n orange1 except a ru/y r$-br[n bord] t runs along ! ext]nal edge1 :]eon is a r[ ( :ite cresc5ts1 & above x are six black spots runn+ p>allel ) ! bord]1 b5ea? :i* is a d5ticulat$ l9e ( d>k br[n4 ,"u ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s1 next ! %\ld]s1 are ( a br[n orange1 rea*+ half way along ! w+s1 ! rema9d] be+ ru/y yell[4 ,on ! orange gr\nd1 next ! %\ld]s1 are sev]al black1 irregul>1 %ort l9es1 plac$ two & two1 ! middle1 or spaces betwe5 !m1 be+ clay-col\r$4 ,two small black spots are plac$ on ! ant]ior edge1 on ea* side ne> ! base4 ,along ! ext]nal edge is a r[ ( :ite angulat$ l9es1 above :i* is a r[ ( a%-col\r$ m>ks1 ) "s d>k spots !reon2 & ov] ?is1 is ano!r r[ ( a%-col\r$ m>ks1 %ap$ l acute angles1 ) an oblong /reak 9 ! c5tre ( ea*4 ,! po/]ior w+s at ! base are d>k orange1 b t[>d ! ext]nal edges are ru/y yell[1 on :i* is a r[ ( cresc5ts on a d>k bord]4 ,above ?is is a circul> b> or b& ( a fle% col\r1 hav+ a r[ ( d>k spots on ! l[] edge1 & ! upp] edge %ap$ l acute angles1 ) a black triangul> m>k 9 ea*1 & a :ite spot 9 its c5tre4 ,ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* above ?is b> is ano!r ( a clay col\r1 ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* broad1 ) d>k spots & m>ks on x1 "s ( :i* resemble ,greek *>act]s4 ,ov] ?is b> is ano!r ne> ! base1 ( a clay col\r1 ) a d\ble r[ ( black m>ks or /reaks on x4 ,fabricius has conf\nd$ ?is species & ano!r1 "u ! "n ( ,p5!silea4 ,latreille & ,god>t h alt]$ ! specific "n propos$ by ,drury to t ( ,bibl9a1 p>ce qu'il a t impos ultrieurem5t un g5re de ,lpidoptres diurnes4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 re/or$ ! specific "n ( ,biblis1 because ! same "n1 0 n #ajpropos$ = a g5us by ,fabricius1 until _m ye>s aft] ! publication ( ,drury's "w1 9 ! ,synopsis ( ! ,sy/ema ,glossatorum1 publi%$ 9 ,illig]'s ,magaz9e2 & because ! employm5t ( a prop] "n1 l ,biblis1 = a species1 ev5 :5 previ\sly us$ = a g5us belong+ to a p]fectly di/9ct gr\p1 is n incorrect4 ,,plate ,v4 ,illu/ration ,,cyn?ia ,,hunt]a4 ,plate ,v4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,cyn?ia1 ,fabr4 ,/eph5s4 ,vanessa p4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,gemmat471 ,drury1 ,fabricius4 ,,cyn?ia ,,hunt]a4 ,alis subangulatis d5tatis fulvis1 nigro v>iegatis2 anticis apice productis albo maculatis2 po/icis infra ad bas9 griseo reticulatis1 ad extimum ocellis duobus magnis notatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph47 ,hunt]a1 ,fab4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #dii4 ,no4 #bdj4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 t4 #agh4 f4 #e4 #f4 t4 #agi4 f4 #a4 #b4 ,abbot & ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georgia1 vol4 #a4 tab4 #i4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,gemm47 ,c>dui ,virg9i5sis1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,papilio ,iole1 ,cram]1 ,pap4 #a4 pl4 #ab4 f4 ,e4 ,f4 ,papilio ,bella ,donna ,virg9iana1 ,petiv4 ,gaz4 ,dec4 #d4 tab4 #cc4 fig4 #e4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia 7,drury74 ,brazil to ,georgia 7,enc4 ,m?474 ,upp] ,side4 ,! base ( ! w+s tawny orange2 ! ant]ior1 d5tat$ & angulat$2 ! tips & ext]nal edges are br[ni% black1 on :i* are five :ite spots ne> ! ext]nal angle1 ! l>ge/ be+ r\nd4 ,! rema9d] ( ! w+s is ( a f9e orange br[n1 ) sev]al black m>ks !reon1 ne> ! ant]ior edges4 ,! po/]ior w+s are a little d5tat$1 & ( a br[n orange col\r l ! ant]ior1 hav+ five black spots plac$ ne> ! ext]nal edge ( ea*1 two ( :i* be+ l>g] ?an ! re/ h blue c5tres1 bel[ ^! is a black bord]1 ) a r[ ( br[n-orange cresc5ts runn+ along ! middle4 ,! cilia is black & :ite4 ,"u ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s at ! base are greyi%1 beyond :i* !y are beautifully adorn$ ) rose-col\r$ & black m>ks1 hav+ ?ree :ite spots on ea* ne> ! ext]nal edge1 ) sev]al cl\ds & m>ks ( diff]5t col\rs plac$ at ! tips & ant]ior edges4 ,! po/]ior w+s are ( a beautiful agate col\r1 ) _m l9es & n>r[ b>s bran*+ f1 & int]sect+ "o ano!r "u diff]5t directions 7l l9es 9 a map71 s z to =m spots & cl\ds ( diff]5t %apes4 ,ea* w+ has two eyes plac$ ne> ! ext]nal edge1 "o l>g] ?an ! o!r1 ! pupils be+ ( a bluei% hue & ! irides black1 ! small "o hav+ a yell[ circle )9 x2 bel[ ^!1 a purple l9e runs p>allel )1 & ne> to ! ext]nal edge4 ,! cat]pill> ( ?is insect is describ$ by ,drury z be+ gre51 ) black r+s r\nd ! body1 & z fe$+ ab\t ,new ,york ^u ! wild balsams1 appe>+ ab\t ! latt] end ( ,july1 or beg9n+ ( ,augu/4 ,once 9 ab\t five or six ye>s !y are exce$+ly pl5tiful1 at o!r times v sc>ce2 a peculi>ity also notic$ 9 ! v ne>ly alli$ ,european species1 ,cyn?ia ,c>dui 7! ,pa9t$ lady71 ( :i* species1 inde$1 ,drury appe>s to h reg>d$ x z a geographical v>iety4 ,! cat]pill>1 accord+ to ,abbot1 is ( a br[n col\r1 ) ! incisions1 & a #aalat]al l9e yell[2 x has also two dorsal l9es1 =m$ ( alt]nately :ite & r$ po9ts2 ! head is black1 & ! sp9es1 ) :i* ! body is arm$1 are ( ! preval5t col\r ( ! surface4 ,x fe$s ^u ! ,gnaphalum obtusifolium4 ,! *rysalis is r yell[1 ) black spots1 & is assum$ t[>ds ! end ( ,april or beg9n+ ( ,may4 ,! butt]fly appe>s at ! end ( ab\t t5 days4 ,x cont9ues bre$+ dur+ ! summ]1 & is v commonly se5 suck+ up moi/ure f damp places ne> h\ses4 ,! cat]pill> folds & sp9s ! leaves toge!r1 9 ! same mann] z ! ,engli% ,pa9t$ lady1 ,cyn?ia ,c>dui4 ,,pi]is 7,,!/ias7 ,,pyr5e8 ,plate ,v4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,pi]is1 ,s*rank1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,pontia1 p4 ,o*s5h4 ,horsfield4 ,papilio 7,danai ,c&idi71 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,!/ias1 ,boisduv4 ,t]acolus1 ,swa9s4 ,,pi]is 7,,!/ias7 ,,pyr5e4 ,alis flavis primoribus apice 7m$io fulvo7 nigris1 subtus nebuloso maculatis4 ,habitat 9 ,*9a4 ,l94 loc4 cit4 infra4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,c&id47 ,pyr5e1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #gfb4 #hf8 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 #abj4 ,p4 ,evippe1 ,l94 v>4 te/e4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,pap4 7,dan4 ,c&47 ,sesia1 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #bjc4 #fcf4 ,!/ias ,pir5e1 ,boisd4 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,lep4 #a4 p4 #eic4 ,no4 #c4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,asia 7,l9n474 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s ne> ! base are ( a brim/one col\r2 ! tips & ext]nal edges be+ ( a d>k br[n1 ne>ly black1 surr\nd+ a l>ge pat* ( a f9e orange4 ,! po/]ior are ( brim/one col\r1 ) a bord] r\nd _! edges ( d>k br[n4 ,! male has n ?is bord]4 ,"u ,side4 ,black2 all ! w+s brim/one1 )\t any m>ks1 spots1 or cl\ds :atev] 9 ! female1 ! male hav+ its "u side ( a bright] yell[1 ) sev]al r$di%-br[n spots on ! inf]ior w+s4 ,!re is ! greate/ confusion respect+ ! specific names ( ?is1 & sev]al ne>ly alli$ species1 :i* w\ld be v difficult to unravel4 ,drury consid]$ ?is insect z a v>iety ( ,evippe1 :il/ ,fabricius1 ,latrielle1 & ,god>t1 give x z id5tical ) ! ,l9nan ,pyr5e1 :i* op9ion ,i h adopt$1 al?\gh ,i am by no means c]ta9 z to ! id5tity ( ! species2 ! "u side ( ! w+s (f]+ no trace ( ! c5tral discoidal black spot exi/+ 9 t species4 ,m4 ,boisduval has n dim9i%$ ! confusion1 9 8 "w j publi%$1 by giv+ a species f ,gu9ea1 "u ! "n ( ,evippe 7:i* ,l9nu /ates is f ,*9a71 ) ! errone\s obs]vation1 ,il e/ probable que les anci5s auteurs auront confondu s\s le nom d',evippe trois ou quatre espces ,africa9es4--,hi/4 ,nat4 ,lpid4 #a4 p4 #egd4 #ab;,,cyn?ia ,,laom$ia4 ,plate ,v4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,cyn?ia1 ,fab4 ,vanessa p4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,gemmat471 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,cyn?ia ,,laom$ia4 ,alis d5tatis c9]asc5tibus l9eis fuscis transv]sis undulatis ocellisque 7quibusdam coecis7 s]ie po/ic dige/is2 antic>um sex1 po/ic>um qu9que4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,gemmat47 ,laom$ia1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #ggb4 ,no4 #ade4 ,fabricius1 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #ih4 ,no4 #cjb4 ,cram]1 pl4 #h4 f4 #aj4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #agd4 f4 #a4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,ea/ ,india 7,l9n474 ,java 7,enc4 ,m?474 ,upp] ,side4 ,! w+s are ( a greyi% purple & a little d5tat$4 ,! ant]ior h on ea* f\r irregul> black l9es1 runn+ f ! ant]ior edge ne> ! body half way cross ! w+s1 & six eyes on ea*1 ne> ! ext]nal edge1 ^: irides are :ite1 "s ( :i* are oval1 & "o1 be+ l>g] ?an ! re/1 is fill$ up ) black & r$2 "s are v fa9t4 ,! po/]ior w+s h six oval eyes on ea*1 ) :ite irides2 ?ree ( :i* are m di/9ct ?an ! re/1 two ( !m be+ fill$ up ) r$ & black4 ,two d>k irregul> l9es run along & ne> to _! ext]nal edges4 ,"u ,side4 ,! w+s are r pal] ?an on ! upp] side4 ,a small irregul> l9e beg9s ab\t ! middle ( ! ant]ior edge ( ! sup]ior w+s1 & runn+ cross !m & ! inf]ior ones1 meets bel[ ! body4 ,! ant]ior w+s h a di/9ct d>k spot1 & also a fa9t "o4 ,! po/]ior ones h two di/9ct r$ & black spots1 & ano!r v fa9t4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,illu/ration ,,argynnis ,,niphe4 ,plate ,,vi4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,argynnis1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,argyreus1 p4 ,scopoli4 ,papilio 7,nymphal4 ,phal]ati71 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,argynnis ,,niphe4 ,alis supra luteis nigro maculatis1 anticis ad apicem co]ulesc5ti-nigris fasci alb transv]s2 po/icis subtus viridi1 arg5teo1 nigroque v>iis1 /rig qu9que ocellorum notatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,niphe1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #ghe4 ,no4 #bjh4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #adb4 ,no4 #dcf4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s ne> ! base are ( a br[n olive4 ,ab\t half ! w+s 7f ! l[] angle upw>ds7 are ( a d>k blue1 ) _m diff]5t %ap$ spots on !m1 & a :ite b> runn+ f ! ant]ior edge t[>ds ! ext]nal "o1 :i*1 be+ int]sect$ by ! black t5dons ( ! w+1 appe>s l ?ree /eps4 ,all ! w+s are d5tat$ or scollop$4 ,! po/]ior ones are ( a clay col\r1 ) _m black spots on !m1 ( v>i\s =ms4 ,a black bord] runs along ! ext]nal edges1 n>r[$ z x approa*es ! ext]nal angle1 on :i* appe> two r[s ( blue spots l cresc5ts1 ^: convex sides are plac$ opposite ea* o!r4 ,"u ,side4 ,! :ite b> on ! ant]ior w+s appe>s z on ! upp] side1 f :5ce to ! tips is an olive col\r1 :]eon are "s silv] spots2 ! rema9d] z on ! upp] side4 ,! po/]ior w+s are ( an olive hue1 f9ely v>iegat$ ) "s :ite silv]y spots & m>ks4 ,a l9e ( ?is col\r runs along ! ext]nal edges almo/ close to ! scollops1 & above t are five r\nd spots ( a d>k] olive1 ) small :ite dots 9 _! c5tres4 #ac;,,argynnis ,,tephnia4 ,plate ,,vi4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,argynnis1 ,fab4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal]at471 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,argynnis ,,tephnia4 ,alis subrotundatis d5tatis1 supra luteis nigro maculatis1 po/icis subtus viridi arg5teo nigroque v>iegatis s]ie qu9que ocellorum4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,argynnis1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 t4 #bed4 f4 #e4 #f4 ,papilio ,niphe1 v>4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #adb4 ,p4 ,niphe mas4 ,cram]1 ,pap4 #b4 pl4 #ad4 f4 ,d4 ,e4 ,argynnis ,tephnia1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #bfb4 ,no4 #ah4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! w+s are ( a br[n orange1 hav+ _m black spots1 ( diff]5t sizes & %apes on !m4 ,a black scollop$ bord] runs along ! ext]nal edges ( ! po/]ior w+s1 :]eon are two r[s ( tawny r$ spots1 appe>+ l cresc5ts1 ) _! convex sides plac$ aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,all ! w+s are scollop$ or d5tat$4 ,"u ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s1 t[>d ! body1 are br[n orange4 ,! tips are ( a yell[i% fle% col\r1 ) "s olive spots on !m1 ) black spots1 z on ! upp] side4 ,! po/]ior w+s are ( a yell[ fle% col\r1 m>k$ ) "s olive spots1 & :ite m>ks1 :i* seem ( a silv] hue4 ,a m>g9 ( olive col\r runs along ! ext]nal edges1 :]eon is a r[ ( fle%-col\r$ cresc5ts 7z on ! upp] side71 ) an int]sect$ n>r[ l9e above !m4 ,ov] ^!1 are five r\nd olive spots1 ( equal sizes1 ) a dot ( silv] 9 _! c5tres4 ,! specific "n giv5 to ?is species by ,drury1 hav+ ! priority 9 po9t ( date1 w\ld h be5 reta9$1 _h x n be5 id5tical ) t ( ! g5us to :i* x belongs4 ,engramelle & sev]al o!r au?ors h1 inadv]t5tly1 giv5 x z an inhabitant ( ! s\? ( ,europe4 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,illu/ration ,,nyctalemon ,,patroclus4 ,plate ,,vii4 fig4 #a4 7,upp] ,side74 ,plate ,,viii4 fig4 #a4 7,"u ,side74 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,uraniid1 ,we/w4 ,,g5us4 ,,nyctalemon1 ,dalman4 7,prod4 ,monogr4 ,ca/n47 ,urania4 ,divis4 ,c4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,papilio 7,equit4 ,a*iv4 ,l9n471 ,noctua1 ,fabr4 7,,subg5us4 ,orontes1 ,swa9son1 ,zool4 ,illu/r4 #b;d4 s]ies1 #abe47 ,,nyctalemon ,,patroclus4 ,alis supra fuscis1 subtus griseis fusco undatis1 utr9que fasci communi m$i rect alb1 po/icis caudatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 f]e #f unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,a*iv47 ,patroclus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #gdi4 ,no4 #bd4 ,cram]1 ,pap4 pl4 #aih4 fig4 ,a4 pl4 #aji4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #ed4 fig4 #b4 #c4 tab4 #ee4 f4 #a4 ,noctua ,patroclus1 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #c4 #b4 p4 #h4 ,no4 #b4 ,urania ,patroclus1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 #gaj4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,java1 ,amboyna 7,enc4 ,m?474 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n are ab\t an in* long1 sl5d]1 setace\s1 & gradually dim9i%+ f ! base to ! extremities4 ,! head is small4 ,! ?orax is clo!d ) long s(t hair1 &1 #ad) ! abdom51 is ( a d>ki% br[n4 ,a rem>kable /raight n>r[ l9e1 or b>1 ( a cream col\r1 arises f ! middle ( ! ant]ior edge ( ea* ( ! =e w+s1 &1 cross+ bo? ant]ior & po/]ior w+s1 ends at ! abdom9al edges1 ab\t half an in* bel[ ! abdom52 s t1 :5 ! w+s are ext5d$1 z 9 ! figure1 ^! l9es1 ) ! ant]ior edges1 =m an equilat]al triangle4 ,! space )9 ! triangle is d>k br[n2 b ! p>ts1 ne> ! %\ld]s1 are light]1 hav+ a greyi% ca/ or hue1 & conta9 _m small transv]se curv$ /reaks1 ext5d+ to ! ant]ior edges1 :]e !y are l>ge1 black1 & v conspicu\s1 l /ripes4 ,"s transv]se m>k+s ( ?is k9d1 are disp]s$ on ! po/]ior edges ( ! sup]ior w+s1 & also on ! abdom9al edges ( ! po/]ior4 ,on ! outside ! triangle1 bo? on ! ant]ior & po/]ior w+s1 is a fascia1 ( light br[n1 ab\t half an in* broad1 :i* deep5s into a d>k br[n4 ,on ! po/]ior w+s1 aft] becom+ d>k1 x s(t5s aga9 into ! same light col\r1 cont9u+ to ! ext]nal edges4 ,ea* ( ^! w+s is ornam5t$ ) two tails1 ! inn] ones ! longe/ & ne> an in* 9 l5g?1 ! tips ( :i* incl9e t[>ds ea* o!r2 ! less] or out] tails1 are ab\t half an in* long1 /r5g!n$ by ! t5dons ( ! w+s pass+ ?r\gh ! middle ( !m2 all ( !m be+ bord]$ ) a s(t ray ( d>k br[n4 ,"u ,side4 ,! b>s or l9es1 :i* =m ! triangle on ! upp] side1 are n visible on ?is2 b ! inclos$ triangul> field appe>s ( a light greyi% br[n1 d>k] at ! bord]s1 & ?ickly beset ) small br[n /reaks1 p>allel to ea* o!r1 & surr\nd+ ! body4 ,! co/al n]ve ( ! ant]ior w+s composes an edg+ 9 ea*1 ab\t an eigh? ( an in* broad1 :i* dim9i%es z x approa*es ! ext]nal angle1 :ite1 & beautifully m>k$ ) black /reaks1 b small] ?an ^? se5 on ! upp] side4 ,outside ! triangle1 bo? 9 ! ant]ior & po/]ior w+s1 is a broad bord] ( :ite1 :i* s(t5s into a br[n1 b light] ?an t on ! upp] side4 ,bo? 9 ! :ite1 & 9 ! br[n1 are "s small da%es ( black1 v ?9ly disp]s$4 ,! int]nal m>g9 ( ! po/]ior w+s is furni%$ ) a deep fr+e1 & ! black m>ks situat$ bel[ ! abdom51 are l>g] & broad] ?an ^? on ! upp] side4 ,! tails are :iti%1 bord]$ ) br[n1 & appe> z on ! upp] side4 ,?is is "o ( ^? anomal\s =ms1 :]e( examples occur 9 e tribe ( animals1 baffl+ ! skill ( ! mo/ pr(\nd sy/emati/s4 ,by ,l9nu1 & _m o!r au?ors1 x 0 consid]$ z a butt]fly1 & c]ta9ly ! g5us ,urania 79 :i* x is plac$ by ,latreille71 z we le>n f ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,mac,leay's valuable memoir ^u t g5us1 publi%$ 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,zoological ,society ( ,london1 is compos$ ( day-fly+ species4 ,fabricius1 h[ev]1 reg>d$ x z a mo?1 belong+ to ! g5us ,noctua1 & ne>ly relat$ to ! g5us ,erebus1 ( :i* ! ,erebus ,odora1 figur$ 9 ! ?ird plate ( ! pres5t volume1 is a conspicu\s species2 & :5 we exam9e ! /ructure ( ! palpi1 & ! spurs ^u ! po/]ior tibi1 we f9d good reason = adopt+ ?is relation1 admitt+1 at ! same "t1 t ! gr\p 9 "q is "o :i*1 f its v>i\s aff9ities & analogies1 x is v difficult to assign to any s+le section4 #ae;,,callimorpha ,,phyllira4 ,plate ,,vii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,callimorpha1 ,latr4 ,lea*4 ,hyp]compa1 ,/eph4 ,h]aclia1 ,hubn]4 ,phalna ,bombyx1 ,drury4 ,,callimorpha ,,phyllira4 ,alis anticis nigris l9eis albidis apicalibus1 lit]am ,b ref]5tibus2 po/icis sangu9eis maculis nigris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx7 ,phyllira1 ,drury1 ,app5d4 v4 #b4 ,olivi]1 ,enc4 ,m?4 #e4 #id4 #bcf4 ,abbot & ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georg4 tab4 #fd4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york2 tak5 on ! #ab? day ( ,july4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n are black1 small1 & ?read-l1 ne> half an in* long2 ! head & ?orax cream-col\r$4 ,beh9d ! head are two black spots1 & on ! ?orax are ?ree o!rs1 long]1 & runn+ p>allel ) x4 ,! abdom5 is sc>let1 & on ea* segm5t is a black m>k1 =m+ a r[1 unit$ toge!r 9 ! middle4 ,all ! w+s are entire4 ,! ant]ior ones black1 ) cream-col\r$ cilia2 ! int]ior edge1 & "p ( ! ant]ior1 next ! body1 are m>g9$ ) cream col\r4 ,a l9e ( ! same col\r1 runs f ! body1 p>allel )1 & ne> to ! po/]ior edge1 q to ! ext]nal "o1 :]e1 sudd5ly return+1 9 a zigzag mann]1 x ends at ! ant]ior edge1 ne> ! tips1 & =ms two angles1 l a ,b1 ) a l9e plac$ across its top1 or upp] "p4 ,! po/]ior w+s are sc>let1 hav+ a ?9 bord] ( black1 runn+ along _! ext]nal edges1 ) f\r black spots above x1 ^? ne>e/ ! abdom51 be+ 9 %ape l he>ts4 ,"u ,side4 ,l ! upp]3 b ! col\rs are m fa9t & less di/9ct4 ,! cat]pill> ( ?is species is br[n1 ) small dorsal & lat]al diamond-%ap$ yell[ spots1 emitt+ fascicles ( hairs4 ,x fe$s1 accord+ to ,abbot1 on ! cross-wort1 corn1 peas1 :eat1 c4 ,"o ( ! cat]pill>s spun up on ! #d? ( ,april1 & ! mo? appe>$ on ! #bi?4 ,ano!r spun up on ! #bg? ( ,may1 & came out on ! #af? ( ,june4 ,x cont9ues bre$+ dur+ mo/ "p ( ! summ]4 ,,spilosoma ,,nais4 ,plate ,,vii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,spilosoma1 ,/eph4 ,arctia1 p4 ,s*rank4 ,eyprepia1 p4 ,o*s4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,spilosoma ,,nais4 ,alis anticis nigris l9eis tribus longitud9alibus fusco-fulvesc5tibus1 duabus sup]ioribus ext]n connexis1 po/icis pallidioribus m>g9e irregul>i nigro4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,nais1 ,drury1 ,app5d4 v4 #b ,,habitat3 ,new ,york2 tak5 on ! #bd? day ( ,june4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n are black1 & pect9at$2 ! head & body are ( a light yell[i% br[n4 ,on ! ?orax are ?ree black m>ks1 runn+ p>allel ) x1 ) sev]al black spots on ! abdom54 ,! ant]ior w+s are black2 ! cilia ( a light yell[i% br[n1 :i* col\r is cont9u$ along ! int]ior edges1 up to ! body2 "s broad l9es1 ( ! same col\r1 occupy ab\t two-?irds ( ! w+1 runn+ p>allel ) ! ant]ior & int]ior edges4 ,! po/]ior w+s are ( ! same light yell[i% br[n1 ) a fa9t black spot on ea*1 hav+ a broad irregul> bord]1 ( a fa9t black4 #afrunn+ along ! ext]nal edges1 be+ v n>r[ 9 ! middle4 ,all ! w+s are pla9 & entire4 ,"u ,side4 ,exactly l ! upp]1 b ! col\rs are less brilliant4 ,?is species is ne>ly relat$ to our common ,briti% species1 ,spilosoma lubricepida4 ,,plate ,,viii4 ,illu/ration ,,geometra ,,transv]sata4 ,plate ,,viii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,geometrid1 ,/eph5s4 ,,g5us4 ,,geometra1 ,l9n4 ,/eph5s4 ,ennomos1 ,treits*ke1 ,dupon*el4 ,,geometra ,,transv]sata4 ,alis angulatis fusco-fulvesc5tibus undique /rigis m9utis transv]sis fascique t5ui communi obscur notatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,geometra7 transv]sata1 ,drury1 ,app5d4 v4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n are fili=m1 half an in* 9 l5g?4 ,! head1 ?orax1 abdom51 & w+s1 ( a br[n orange4 ,all ! w+s are angulat$ & bespr9kl$ ) small %ort transv]se /reaks p>allel to ea* o!r4 ,a n>r[ br[n l9e1 beg9n+ at ! ext]nal angle ( ! ant]ior w+s1 & runn+ 9 a transv]se direction1 crosses !m & ! po/]ior w+s ne> ! middle1 meet+ above ! extremity ( ! abdom54 ,"u ,side4 ,exactly l ! upp] 9 e circum/ance1 except t ! br[n l9e is n to be se54 ,?is species seems ne>ly alli$ to ! mo?s1 :i* ,engli% collectors call ! ,?orns1 & to :i* ,/eph5s re/ricts ! "n ( ,geometra1 b :i* ,m4 ,dupon*el t]ms ,ennomos4 ,,bupalus ,,cat5>ius4 ,plate ,,viii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,geometrid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,bupalus1 ,lea*4 ,fidonia1 p4 ,treits*ke4 ,phalna 7,geometra71 ,drury4 ,,bupalus ,,cat5>ius4 ,fronte fulv2 alis albis lunul m$i2 anticis /rigis duabus undatis 7scil4 ante et pone m$ium71 po/icis /rig unic1 nigris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,geometra7 cat5>ia1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #b4 p4 #adj4 ,no4 #da4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bdfa4 #ffj4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york 7,drury74 ,9 ,indiis 7,fabr474 ,upp] ,side4 ,! head is orange-col\r$2 ! eyes black2 ! ant5n are broad1 & pect9at$2 ! ?orax :ite1 ) ?ree spots ( orange col\r1 "o at ea* %\ld]1 ! o!r at ! base ( ! abdom51 :]e are two small black specks4 ,! abdom5 is :ite1 & on ea* r+ is a small black speck4 ,! w+s are :ite2 &1 on ea* ant]ior "o1 are two d5ticulat$ l9es1 runn+ cross ! w+1 f ! ant]ior to ! int]ior edge1 9 a circul> mann]2 ! "o ne> ! base1 ! o!r #agne> ! ext]nal edge1 :i* la/ =ms1 on ea* n]ve1 a small black speck l an arr[ head4 ,betwe5 ! two l9es is a black spot ne> ! ant]ior edge4 ,! po/]ior w+s h a simil> l9e runn+ cross !m1 f ! ant]ior to ! int]ior edges1 9 a circul> mann]1 &1 meet+ a little above ! extremity ( ! abdom51 ) a black spot 9 ea* ne> ! middle4 ,"u ,side4 ,is simil> to ! upp]1 only ! black spots are m conspicu\s4 ,,plate ,,ix4 ,illu/ration ,,c]atocampa ,,imp]ialis4 ,plate ,,ix4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,c]atocampa1 ,h>ris1 ,app5d4 to ,hit*cock's ,geology ( ,massa*usets4 ,c]ocampa1 ,kirby ,sp5ce1 ,ind4 ,introd4 to ,ent4 ,odone/is1 ,g]m>4 ,/eph5s4 ,lasiocampa1 ,latr4 ,s*rank4 ,bombyx1 ,fabr4 ,,c]atocampa ,,imp]ialis4 ,alis flavis1 fusco irroratis et v>iegatis1 omnibus infra macul discoidali subocell>i fusc4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4 #i l94 male4--#f unc4 female47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,attacus7 ,imp]ialis1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,bombyx ,imp]ialis1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #dce4 ,no4 #hi4 ,gmel4 ,l94 ,s4 ,n4 #bdag4 #eaj4 ,phalna ,imp]atoria1 ,abbot & ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georgia1 tab4 #ee4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #e4 #ef4 #aaf4 ,bombyx ,didyma1 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 ,lep4 pl4 #bj4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york 7,drury74 ,india 7,fabricius74 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n are ( a r$di% col\r1 broad & pect9at$1 &1 ne> ! extremities1 appe> z if !y 7 /ripp$ ( _! comb-l app5dages4 ,! ?orax & abdom5 yell[1 cl\d$ ) a light r$di%-br[n col\r1 incl9+ to crimson4 ,! ant]ior w+s are ( a f9e bright yell[1 ) sev]al cl\ds on !m ( ! same br[n col\r1 :]e( "o takes its rise at ! tips1 & runs along ! ext]nal edge to ! l[] corn]s1 be+ n>r[] at ! extremities ?an ! middle1 :]e x bran*es (f1 & unites to a l>ge cl\d ne> ! %\ld]s4 ,! yell[ p>ts ( all ! w+s appe> z if spr9kl$ ) d>k irregul> specks4 ,! po/]ior w+s are ( ! same bright yell[ z ! ant]ior1 & h1 9 ! middle ( ea*1 a small br[n eye1 ) a light] spot 9 its c5tre4 ,an irregul> b> ( ! same r$di% br[n col\r crosses ^! w+s1 :i*1 beg9n+ at ! out] angle1 meets at ! anal angle4 ,! edges ( all ! w+s are pla94 ,"u ,side4 ,! ?orax & abdom5 are yell[4 ,all ! w+s are ( ! same yell[ col\r1 & spr9kl$ ) br[n z on ! upp] side4 ,! sup]ior w+s h on ea* a light r$di% br[n eye ne> ! middle1 ) a light spot 9 ! c5tre1 & a r\nd br[n spot above x4 ,! ant]ior m>g9s next ! body are ( a r$di% br[n2 & ! same cl\d t appe>s along ! ext]nal edge ( ea* w+ on ! upp] side1 appe>s also on ?is1 b fa9t]4 ,! inf]ior w+s h a r$di% br[n eye 9 ea* ne> ! middle1 ) a light] spot 9 ! c5tre1 & ( ! same size z on ! upp] side4 ,! figure "h giv51 is tak5 f ! male2 ! female be+ mu* l>g]1 exp&+ full six in*es2 ! ant5n be+ ?read-l1 & n comb$ or pect9at$ z ! male4 ,?is species bre$s twice 9 ! ye>1 namely 9 ,june & ,septemb]4 ,! cat]pill>1 accord+ to ,abbot1 fe$s on ! plane-tree 7,platanus occid5talis ,l9n471 oak1 liquidamb>1 & p9e trees4 ,"s ( !m are ( a tawny col\r1 o!rs tawny & orange1 o!rs gre54 ,!y are furni%$ ) long rigid hairs1 & ! second & ?ird segm5ts ( ! body are also arm$ ) two pair ( %ort1 erect1 rugose horns4 #ah,?is insect is plac$ by ,mr4 ,kirby 9 8 new g5us ,c]ocampa1 toge!r ) ,phalna regalis1 ,fabr4 ,mr4 ,kirby _h1 h[ev]1 evid5tly 9 view ! cat]pill>s ( ! latt] insect1 :5 he propos$ ?is g5]ic "n1 & :i* are arm$ ) num]\s1 long1 erect1 rigid sp9es1 ^? ne> ! head be+ curv$1 & giv+ ! insect some:at ! appe>ance ( a cockatoo4 ,?is l>va is figur$ by ,abbot & ,smi?1 pl4 #fa1 & specim5s1 admirably pres]v$ by ,abbot1 are conta9$ 9 ! collection ( ! ,entomological ,society ( ,london1 pres5t$ by ,mr4 ,kirby4 ,!re is also consid]able diff]5ce betwe5 ! *rysalides ( ^! two insects1 t ( imp]ialis be+ m elongate1 ) a bifid tail1 & ) transv]se r[s ( %ort abdom9al sp9es1 ( :i* ! *rysalis ( regalis is de/itute4 ,"o ( ! cat]pill>s obs]v$ by ,abbot1 w5t into ! gr\nd on ! #af? ( ,septemb]1 & ! mo? came out on ! #d? ( ,july4 ,!y are extremely difficult to re> 9 conf9em5t4 ,,noctua ,,squamul>is4 ,plate ,,ix4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,noctua1 ,auct4 ,,noctua ,,squamul>is4 ,alis c9]eis1 anticis fasci irregul>i c5trali f]rug9e1 l9eis duabus ext]n c9ct1 po/icis fasciis duabus obscuris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,squamul>is1 ,drury1 ,app5d4 v4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york2 tak5 on ! #aa? day ( ,may4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n are br[n1 l f9e ?reads4 ,! tegul ( a pe>l col\r1 /&+ up z if project+ f ! back4 ,! col\rs on ! ant]ior w+s are divid$ by a /rong b> ( a deep *ocolate1 runn+ cross ! w+s ne> ! middle1 f ! ant]ior to ! po/]ior edges4 ,?is s(t5s into a deep slate col\r1 cov]+ t "p ( ! w+s d[n to ! ext]nal edges4 ,! "p next ! %\ld]s is ( a light a% or pe>l col\r1 :]eon are two small black spots or /ripes1 situat$ ne> ! ant]ior edge4 ,on ! d>k "p ne> ! l[] corn]1 run two small black irregul> l9es1 f ! po/]ior edge2 "o runn+ cross ! w+1 ! o!r only half across4 ,! po/]ior w+s are ( a lighti% br[n1 hav+ two b>s ( a deep br[n 7almo/ black7 ris+ f ! abdom9al edge1 & cross+ ! w+ upw>d1 gr[ broad] & fa9t] z !y approa* ! middle & ant]ior edge4 ,"u ,side4 ,is ( a fa9t russet col\r1 hav+ little or no m>k+ !reon4 ,all ! w+s are slightly d5tat$4 ,i am unable to asc]ta9 to :i* ( ! mod]n g5]a ( ,noctuid1 ?is & ! foll[+ species are ref]rible4 #ai,,noctua ,,undul>is4 ,plate ,,ix4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,noctua1 ,auct4 ,,noctua ,,undul>is4 ,alis subd5tatis nigricantibus1 /rigis transv]sis undulatis circit] #h4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 undul>is1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n are br[n & ?read-l4 ,! head1 body1 abdom51 & w+s are ( a v d>k br[n1 bord]+ on black1 & appe> some:at glossy4 ,all ! w+s are a little d5tat$1 & on ! ant]ior ones1 f ! base to ! extremity1 is a s]ies ( black ind5t$ l9es or b>s1 :]e( ! la/ or out] "o is /rong & conspicu\s1 cross+ ! w+ f ! ant]ior to ! po/]ior edges1 ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* f ! ext]nal m>g94 ,! po/]ior w+s are m>k$ exactly l ! sup]ior4 ,"u ,side4 ,is ( a light] col\r1 ) ! same k9d ( m>k+s1 b fa9t]4 ,,plate ,x4 ,illu/ration ,,nymphalis ,,f]onia4 ,plate ,x4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid4 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,papilio 7,nymphales ,gemmati71 ,l9n4 ,papilio ,satyrus1 ,fabr4 7,ent4 ,sy/474 ,,nymphalis ,,f]onia4 ,alis subd5tatis1 supra co]uleo1 fusco et albo m>moratis1 omnibus ocellis sex iride simplici4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,gemm47 ,f]onia1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #ggj4 ,no4 #adj4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #bbf4 ,no4 #gaj4 ,cram]1 pl4 #aib4 fig4 ,e4 ,f4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #bbe4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,encycl4 ,m?4 p4 #dbh4 7,nymphalis ,f474 ,,habitat3 ,sur9am 7,drury74 ,india 7,l9n4 ,fabr4 incorrectly74 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n black1 ) two small :ite spots at _! bases1 on ! front ( ! head1 & two m close to ! eyes1 on ! top ( ! head2 likewise two on ! neck1 & two long] ones on ! ?orax4 ,! ?orax & abdom5 ( a v d>k bluei% hazel4 ,ant]ior w+s1 next ! %\ld]s1 ( a d>k bluei% hazel1 black at ! tips & out] m>g91 :]e are _m diff]5t %ap$ fle%-col\r$ spots2 ! p>ts ne>e/ ! %\ld]s hav+ _m d5ticulat$ m>ks & da%es ( a blue col\r2 "s be+ also scatt]$ all ov] ! w+s4 ,ab\t a ?ird f ! %\ld]1 ne> ! ant]ior m>g91 on ea* w+1 is a %ort1 r$1 crook$ l9e1 :i* is se5 on ! "u side4 ,ne> ! out] m>g9 are five a%-col\r$ spots1 all ( !m be+ encircl$ ) black1 & "s be+ edg$ ) blue4 ,po/]ior w+s ( ! same d>k hazel z ! ant]ior2 ! ext]nal edges be+ black betwe5 ! scollops4 ,ea* w+ is divid$ into a numb] ( small diff]5t %ap$ spots m>g9$ ) blue2 & ne> ! ext]nal m>g9 are six black spots1 ^: irides are blue1 hav+ :ite ones 9 _! c5tres4 ,bel[ ^! is a d\ble r[ ( blue m>ks1 l be>ds ( arr[s1 plac$ on ! black m>ks betwe5 ! scollops4 ,all ! w+s are d5tat$4 ,"u ,side4 ,ant]ior w+s :iti%1 ab\t a ?ird "p at ! base2 ! rema9d] be+ a d>k *ocolate1 ) _m diff]5t %ap$ a%-col\r$ spots4 ,ne> ! ext]nal edges are five r\nd a%-col\r$ spots on a r[1 "o be+ plac$ above ! re/4 ,po/]ior w+s *iefly :iti%1 except at ! #bjout] angle & ext]nal edges2 ! latt] be+ alt]nately m>k$ ) d>k *ocolate & a% col\r1 ne> :i* is a r[ ( f\r r\nd a%-col\r$ spots1 encircl$ ) *ocolate1 & a small fa9t "o ne> ! anal angle4 ,,pi]is 7,,iphias7 ,,glaucippe4 ,plate ,x4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,pi]is1 ,s*rank4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,colias1 ,horsf4 ,papilio 7,danai ,c&471 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,iphias1 ,boisduv4 ,,pi]is 7,,iphias7 ,,glaucippe4 ,alis supra albis1 anticis macul magn apicali 7m$io fulvo7 nigr1 subtus 7nisi dimidio basali antic>um7 c9]eis /rigis m9utis fuscis irroratis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,c&47 ,glaucippe1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #gfb4 ,no4 #hi4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #aih4 ,no4 #fah4 ,cram]1 ,pap4 pl4 #afd4 ,a4 ,b4 male4 ,c4 female4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #if4 f4 #a-c4 ,encycl4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #aai4 7,pi]is ,g471 ,boisduval1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,lep4 #a4 p4 #eif4 7,iphias ,g47 ,fem4 ,pap4 ,callirhoe1 ,fab4 ,mant4 ,ins4 #b4 #bj4 #bae4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,java 7,dr4 ,horsfield74 ,b5gal 7,boisduval74 ,upp] ,side4 ,head & neck light br[n2 ?orax1 d>k blue1 clo!d ) :ite hairs2 abdom5 :ite1 ) a bluei% t+e4 ,ant]ior w+s next ! body :ite1 occupy+ m ?an "o half4 ,! tips are black1 :i* col\r runs along ! ant]ior & ext]nal m>g9s1 encircl+ a l>ge spot ( a deep orange1 :]eon are f\r small triangul> black spots4 ,po/]ior w+s :olly :ite1 & v slightly d5tat$4 ,"u ,side4 ,! m\?1 brea/1 & feet are a%-col\r$4 ,ant]ior w+s next ! body :ite2 ! extremities ( a deep fle% col\r1 spr9kl$ ov] ) a great numb] ( small d>k br[n /reaks4 ,po/]ior w+s ( a yell[i% fle% col\r1 & cov]$ ) small d>k br[n /reaks4 ,m4 ,boisduval has =m$ ! pres5t species1 & ano!r l>ge ,pi]idean1 into ! g5us ,iphias1 :i* diff]s f ,!/ias1 & ,mancipium 7,an?o*>is ,bdv471 9 ! /ructure ( ! ant5n4 ,! l>va & pupa ( ?is species are describ$ & figur$ by ,dr4 ,horsfield1 9 8 ,lepidopt]a ,javanica1 pl4 #c1 fig4 #g1 & #g;a1 7copi$ by ,boisduval1 pl4 #b;,a4 fig4 #c474 ,! =m] is long subcyl9drical1 ) ! dorsal segm5ts some:at rugose1 be+ transv]sely %agre5$2 x fe$s ^u ! ,capp>is4 ,! pupa is navicul>1 ! head be+ produc$ into a po9t4 ,! female imago diff]s f ! figure "h giv5 7:i* repres5ts ! male71 9 hav+ ! black m>k+s m diffus$4 ,,plate ,,xi4 ,illu/ration ,,papilio ,,phil5or4 ,plate ,,xi4 fig4 #a4 & #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,papilio1 ,auct4 ,,pap4 ,,phil5or4 ,alis d5tatis nigris1 po/icis caudatis viresc5ti-nitidis maculis albis1 subtus maculis fulvis albo notatis s]ieque dige/is4 7,expans4 ,al>4 unc4 #c74 ,,syn4 ,,pap4 ,,phil5or1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 7#agga74 #f4 #ece4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #dde4 ,no4 #ab4 ,smi? & ,abbot1 ,ins4 ,georgia1 ,vol4 #a4 tab4 #c4 ,encycl4 ,m?4 #i4 #dj4 ,boisduval1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,lepid4 #a4 p4 #cbd4 ,no4 #afg4 ,boisd4 et ,leconte1 ,icon4 ,lep4 ,am]4 ,sept4 pl4 #aa4 f4 #a-d4 ,say1 ,am]ican ,ent4 ,vol4 #a4 pl4 #a4 ,pap4 ,a/9\s4 ,drury1 ,app4 ,vol4 #b4 7#aggc74 ,cram]1 #bjh4 ,a4 ,b4 ,,habitat3 ,nor? ,am]ica1 f ,new ,york to ,georgia4 #ba,upp] ,side4 ,head & neck black1 ) two small :ite spots betwe5 ! ant5n at _! base1 & eight m on ! head & neck4 ,?orax black4 ,abdom5 ( a glossy hue4 ,ant]ior w+s black1 ) a v glossy gre5i% t+e at ! ant]ior angle1 ) eight small1 :ite1 n>r[ cresc5ts on ! ext]nal m>g9 ( ea*1 :i* make !m appe> z if d5tat$4 ,po/]ior w+s ( a d>k glossy gre51 ) two tails issu+ f !m4 ,! concave "p ( ea* scollop is edg$ ) :ite2 & six :iti% spots run along _! edges1 meet+ bel[ ! extremity ( ! body4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/1 legs1 & abdom5 black2 ! sides spott$ ) cream-col\r$ spots1 "o ( :i* appe>s on ! inf]ior w+s1 on ea* side ! brea/4 ,ant]ior w+s1 next ! tips1 are ( ! col\r ( soot2 b next ! body1 black1 ) five :iti% spots on ! ext]nal m>g91 ne> ! int]ior angle4 ,! upp] "p ( ! po/]ior w+s1 next ! body1 are soot-col\r$2 ! rema9+ p>ts ( !m be+ ( a glossy blue1 ) sev5 d>k orange spots1 plac$ 9 a circul> mann]1 a little di/ance f ! edge1 & meet+ at ! extremity ( ! body3 ea* spot is encircl$ ) black1 except 9 t "p :]e a small silv] m>k appe>s on its edge1 be+ repres5t$ 9 ! plate by :ite4 ,! scollops are deep] edg$ on ?is side ) :ite ?an on ! upp]4 ,?is butt]fly is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful1 &1 at ! same "t1 mo/ common ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican species2 ab\nd+ :]ev] ! ,ari/olo*ia s]p5t>ia gr[s1 ! l>va fe$+ ^u t plant4 ,x is describ$ by ,boisduval & ,abbot1 & is br[n1 ) f\r r[s ( small fulv\s tub]cles1 & a r[ ( br[n sp9es ne> ! legs2 moreov]1 x has two long sp9es direct$ =w>ds ^u ! fir/ segm5t1 ?ree ^u ! p5ultimate1 & two ^u ! t5? segm5t4 ,! neck is also furni%$ ) a furcate retractile r$di% t5tacle2 ! *rysalis is ( a violet grey1 or r$di% col\r1 ) two yell[ spots1 ! head be+ truncate4 ,! female is l>g]1 ) br[n-col\r$ w+s1 ) cupre\s reflections4 ,! insect assumes ! *rysalis /ate on ! #bf? ( ,april1 & ! fly appe>s on ! #d? ( ,may4 ,ano!r1 obs]v$ by ,abbot1 w5t into *rysalis on ! #ba/ ( ,june1 & ! butt]fly came out on ! #e? ,july4 ,! latt] delights to frequ5t ! blossoms ( ! pea* & o!r trees 9 ! spr+4 ,,papilio ,,a/]ias4 ,plate ,,xi4 fig4 #b4 #c4 & #e4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,papilio1 ,auct4 ,,papilio ,,a/]ias4 ,alis d5tatis nigris1 fasci macul>i maculisque m>g9alibus flavis2 po/icis caudatis1 angulo ani fulvo1 puncto atro1 abdom9is dorso duplici s]ie punctorum flavorum4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #f l94--#d unc47 ,,syn4 ,,papilio ,,a/]ias1 ,fabr4 ,mant4 ,ins4 tom4 #b4 p4 #b4 ,no4 #ac4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #f4 ,no4 #af4 ,cram]1 tab4 #che4 f4 ,c4 ,d4 ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #eh4 ,no4 #ia4 ,boisduv4 et ,lec4 ,icon4 ,lep4 ,am]4 ,sept4 pl4 #d4 ,boisd4 ,hi/4 nat4 ,lep4 #a4 #ccb4 ,no4 #age4 ,papilio ,troilus1 ,drury1 ,app4 ,vol4 #b4 ,abbot & ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georg4 #a4 t4 #a4 7exclus4 ,syn4 ,l9n4 et ,fabr47 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,m>yl&1 ,c>ol9a1 ,virg9ia 7,drury74 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n1 head1 & body black1 ) two yell[ spots at ! bases ( ! ant5n1 & two m on ! neck2 ! sides ( ! abdom5 be+ spott$ ) two r[s ( ! same4 #bb;,ant]ior w+s black4 ,a r[ ( eight or n9e yell[ spots runs along ea* w+1 ne> ! ext]nal edge4 ,)9 ^! appe>s ano!r r[1 small] 9 figure #c1 b l>g] 9 figure #b1 & %ap$ l triangles1 above :i* are two spots1 "o ne>ly r\nd1 ! o!r v oblong1 :i* la/ is n se5 9 figure #c4 ,po/]ior w+s black & d5tat$1 ) "o tail issu+ f ea*4 ,six yell[ spots appe> ne> ! ext]nal edge2 & at ! anal angle is an orange-col\r$ "o1 ) a black dot 9 its c5tre4 ,"s specim5s h a yell[ b> runn+ transv]sely f ! r[ ( triangles on ! sup]ior w+s1 & meet+ bel[ ! extremity ( ! body1 j above ! orange spot1 z 9 fig4 #b4 ,9 "s1 in/ead ( a b>1 is se5 a r[ ( spots 7z 9 fig4 #c71 :i* are sometimes v fa9t4 ,:]e ?is happ5s1 ! space betwe5 ?is r[ & ! six spots m5tion$ be=e1 consi/s ( a %9+ blue col\r2 b 9 proportion z ! yell[ b> is m or less di/9ct1 ! w+s h m or less blue on !m4 ,"u ,side4 ,! "u side 9 all ! diff]5t v>ieties diff]s b v little4 ,! brea/1 sides1 abdom5 & feet are black4 ,! ant]ior w+s ( a dirty black col\r1 ) n9e yell[ spots ne> ! ext]nal edge2 above ^!1 ne>] ! body1 are eight o!rs1 v>y+ 9 size1 & two small cl\ds or pat*es close to ! ant]ior edge4 ,po/]ior w+s1 next ! %\ld]s1 dirty black1 ) ! inn] scollops edg$ ) yell[ cresc5ts 7appe>+ also on ! upp] side71 )9 :i* are six spots ne> ! edge--f\r orange & two yell[4 ,sev5 or eight orange spots1 tipp$ ) yell[1 run circul>ly across ! middle ( ! w+4 ,bel[ ea* spot 9 ?is r[ is a ray ( %9+ blue1 sep>at$ by a /rong black m>k1 & scatt]$ ) p[d]-l spots4 ,an orange spot1 ) a black c5tre1 is plac$ at ! anal angle4 ,?is species is subject to consid]able v>iation 9 ! size ( ! int]nal s]ies ( yell[ spots1 :i* is sometimes ev5 entirely oblit]at$ 9 ! females1 9 :i* ! yell[ is mu* less brilliant1 & ! spots small] ?an 9 ! males4 ,^! v>ieties some:at resemble ,papilio ,troilus ( ,l9nu1 ) :i*1 inde$1 ,drury & ,smi?#ba conf\nd$ ! insect "h describ$4 ,god>t & ,boisduval h add$ to ! confusion by _! incorrect ref]5ces to our au?or1 ! fir/ ( ^! writ]s giv+ figure #b ( ?is plate z alone repres5t+ ,p4 ,a/]ias1 & figs4 #c1 #d1 & #e1 7:i* repres5t two di/9ct species7 z ,p4 ,troilus1 ,l9n4 :i* species ,drury has n figur$2 & bo? ( ^! au?ors quot+ figure #b1 bo? "u ,troilus & ,a/]ias1 al?\gh ,drury expressly /ates1 t ! specim5s figur$ at #b & #c1 7 re>$ by him1 ) _m o!r individuals1 f *rysalides1 s5t f ,am]ica by 8 correspond5t1 :o assur$ him t !y proce$$ f ! same brood4 ,! prep>atory /ates ( ,p4 ,a/]ias are figur$ by ,abbot & ,smi?1 & ,boisduval4 ,! l>va fe$s ^u ,umbellif]1 especially ! f5nel 7,ane?um fniculum1 ,l9n471 & ,daucus ,c>ota1 & is v simil> to t ( ,pap4 ,ma*aon1 :i* species appe>s to be replac$ 9 ,am]ica by ,p4 ,a/]ias1 & :i* makes its appe>ance 9 ! p]fect /ate ?ree times 9 ! ye>4 ,abbot /ates1 t "o ( ! cat]pill>s assum$ ! *rysalis /ate on ! #ab? ( ,july1 & ! imago appe>$ on ! #bj?4 #bc,,plate ,,xii4 ,illu/ration ,,papilio ,,p>is4 ,plate ,,xii4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,papilio1 ,auct4 ,,papilio ,,p>is4 ,alis nigris1 aureo-viridi pulv]ul5tis1 po/icis caudatis supra macul magn discoidali cyane ocelloque purpureo2 subtus lunulis septem rufis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4--#d unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,equit4 ,troes47 ,p>is1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 p4 #gde4 ,no4 #c4 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #a4 ,no4 #a4 ,cram]1 pl4 #ajc4 ,a4 ,b4 ,esp]4 ,aus4 ,s*mett4 tab4 #b4 fig4 #a4 ,boisduval1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,lep4 #a4 p4 #bjh4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a4 ,upp] ,side4 ,head1 ?orax1 & abdom5 black1 & beautifully p[d]$ ) f9e gre5 specks4 ,all ! w+s are black1 b h a gre5i% hue1 occasion$ by a multitude ( p[d]-l specks ( a f9e gre54 ,on ! po/]ior m>g9 ( ! ant]ior w+s1 ne> ! l[] corn]1 arises a s]ies ( gre5 spots1 becom+ weak]1 disappe>+ ne> ! middle ( ! w+1 & compos$ ( p[d]-l specks4 ,po/]ior w+s scollop$ or d5tat$1 ea* furni%$ ) "o tail1 ea* scollop be+ edg$ ) :ite4 ,at ! anal angle1 ne> ! corn]1 is a deep r$ spot1 %ap$ l a semi-eye1 ^: pupil is black2 & t[>ds ! upp] corn] ( ! w+1 is a l>ge & v spl5did blue spot1 appe>+ 9 "s directions ( a saxon gre5 col\r1 & dim9i%+ to a l9e z x approa*es ! semi-eye1 ov] :i* x ext5ds 9 an ar*-l =m1 be+ !re ( a f9e gre5 col\r4 ,"u ,side4 ,x has app>5tly no palpi4 ,brea/ & abdom5 ( a v d>k br[n4 ,! sup]ior w+s d>k br[n at ! base2 f ! middle ( ! ant]ior edge ( a d>k a% col\r1 runn+ t[>ds ! upp] corn]1 ! t5dons betwe5 be+ d>k br[n1 :i* unite toge!r at ! ext]nal edge4 ,po/]ior w+s almo/ black1 spr9kl$1 or f9ely p[d]$1 ) small grey specks ne> ! abdom52 r\nd ! ext]nal edge is a s]ies ( eye-l r+s ( an orange col\r1 edg$ above ) purple4 ,?is v h&some species is (t5 receiv$ f ,*9a1 b 9 an imp]fect condition4 ,! female1 accord+ to ,god>t 7,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #fg47 is ! ,papilio ,bianor1 ,fabr4 :i* has no trace ( ! %9+ gre5 spot on ! po/]ior w+s4 ,m4 ,boisduval1 h[ev]1 ass]ts1 t ?is is n correct1 & t ! female diff]s only f ! male 9 hav+ ! gr\nd ( ! w+s r d>k]1 & possess+ a transv]se int]rupt$ fascia ( gre5 dots ne> ! ext]nal m>g9 ( ! upp] w+2 ^! be+ repres5t$ 9 ,drury's figure1 !re=e indicate t 8 specim5 0 ( ! female sex4 ,dr4 ,horsfield has figur$ ano!r species f ,java 7,lepid4 ,javan4 pl4 #a4 fig4 #ad471 diff]+ v slightly f ! prec$+1 "u ! "n ( ,papilio ,arjuna1 ( :i* he has also figur$ ! l>va & pupa 7pl4 #d4 fig4 #aa474 ,! =m] has ! ?ree fir/ segm5ts ( ! body cov]$1 z x 71 ) a lea!ry %ield1 elevat$ beh9d1 & ornam5t$ ) sev]al ocelli2 ! o!r segm5ts are simple2 ! *rysalis is consid]ably curv$1 ) ! head bifid4 #bd;,,colias 7,,callidryas7 ,,pyran!1 v>48 ,plate ,,xii4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,colias1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,papilio 7,danai ,c&idi71 ,drury4 ,callidryas1 ,boisduval4 ,,colias 7,,callidryas7 ,,pyran!4 ,alis albis1 anticis supra puncto m9uto discoidali apiceque nigris1 m>g9e int]no p5icillatis1 subtus 7nisi basi antic>um7 flavesc5tibus /rigis num]osissimis fuscis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,c&47 ,pyran!1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 p4 #gfc4 ,no4 #ih8 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #ig4 7,colias ,p471 ,boisduval1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,lepid4 #a4 p4 #faa4 7,callidryas ,p47 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,c&47 ,*ryseis1 ,drury1 ,app5d4 vol4 #b4 ,papil4 ,gnoma1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #baj4 ,no4 #feh8 ,pap4 ,nep!1 ,fabr4 loc4 cit4 p4 #abj8 ,,habitat3 ,*9a4 ,upp] ,side4 ,?orax ( a bluei% black1 ) :ite hairs4 ,abdom5 :ite4 ,ant]ior w+s :ite1 ) a small oblong black spot ne> ! middle ( ea*2 black at ! tips1 :i* col\r ext5ds d[n ! ext]nal edge to ! int]ior angle1 & also runs a little way along ! ant]ior m>g9 t[>ds ! body4 ,po/]ior w+s :ite1 )\t any m>ks or %ades4 ,! edges ( all ! w+s are entire4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/1 feet1 abdom51 & ant]ior sup]ior w+s :ite1 be+ cov]$ ab\t a ?ird "p f ! tips ) small1 longi%1 light-br[n /reaks1 mak+ t "p appe> ( a pale yell[4 ,po/]ior w+s ( ! same pale yell[ ) ! small /reaks4 ,"o sex is v rem>kable = hav+ a numb] ( hairs gr[+ on ! po/]ior edges ( ! ant]ior w+s1 next ! body2 "s ( :i* are erect1 "s b5d+ d[nw>ds1 & "s ly+ flat on ! w+4 ,!re is mu* confusion respect+ ! specific names ( ?is & sev]al o!r ,asiatic species1 z may be se5 f ! citations 9 ! synonyms4 ,i h foll[$ ! ,fr5* au?ors 9 assign+ ,drury's insect to ! ,pyran! ( ,l9nu1 al?\gh t au?or describes 8 insect z hav+ a discoidal r$ spot on ea* ( ! w+s b5ea?4 ,! species ( ?is gr\p are v>iable 9 ! int5sity ( _! m>k+s1 & ! males are less /rongly m>k$ ?an ! females2 & z ,drury's figure repres5ts a male 7di/+ui%$ by ! bundle ( hairs on ! int]ior m>g9 ( ! ant]ior w+s7 x may possibly be an extreme v>iety ( ! male ( ,pyran!4 ,boisduval has inde$ describ$ ano!r species ( consid]ably small] size1 :i* is de/itute ( ! discoidal spot 7,call4 m9na71 :i* also1 he consid]s1 may possibly be a v>iety ( ,c4 ,pyran!4 ,,plate ,,xiii4 ,illu/ration ,,argynnis ,,idalia4 ,plate ,,xiii4 fig4 #a4c4 female4--#b4 male4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,argynnis1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,argyreus1 ,scop4 ,dryades1 ,hubn4 ,papilio 7,nymphales ,phal]ati71 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,argynnis ,,idalia4 ,alis d5tatis1 anticis utr9que fulvis nigro-maculatis2 po/icis supr nigro-co]uleis1 punctorum s]ie duplici1 subts fuscis co/ baseos maculisque #bf arg5teis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 male4 #c unc4 #f l94--female4 #d unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,idalia1 ,drury4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #beb4 #bec4 ,cram]1 pl4 #dd4 fig4 ,d4 ,e4 ,f4 ,g4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #ade4 ,no4 #ddf4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 #bfc4 7,argynnis ,id47 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york 7,drury72 tak5 on ! #bh? ,june4 ,jamaica 7,enc4 ,m?474 #be,upp] ,side4 ,head & ?orax ( a deep br[n orange4 ,ant]ior w+s ( a d>k orange1 ! ant]ior & ext]nal m>g9s bord]$ ) black2 ne> ! latt] are eight :ite spots on ! w+s ( ! female4 ,above ^!1 9 ! female1 are five1 & 9 ! male six1 r\nd black spots2 ^? ( ! latt] be+ smalle/4 ,sev]al black waves & /reaks are disp]s$ on o!r p>ts ( ! w+s4 ,po/]ior w+s ( a f9e d>k blue1 almo/ black1 & slightly d5tat$2 ! ant]ior ones be+ entire4 ,ne> ! ext]nal m>g9 is a r[ ( sev5 cream-col\r$ spots1 :i* 9 ! male are r$4 ,above ^!1 is ano!r r[ ( ! same numb] ( cream-col\r$ spots1 situat$ ne> ! middle ( ! w+s4 ,! base ( ^! w+s is cov]$ ) br[n orange-col\r$ hairs4 ,"u ,side4 ,head1 brea/1 & feet d>k blue1 ne>ly black4 ,ant]ior w+s d>k orange1 ) "s triangul> silv] spots plac$ along ! ext]nal edges1 ^: upp] po9ts are edg$ ) black1 & are g5]ally m di/9ct 9 ! female ?an 9 ! male4 ,! sev]al black waves & /reaks se5 on ! upp] side1 are "h m fa9t1 "s be+ sc>cely visible4 ,po/]ior w+s ( a d>k olive br[n1 ) tw5ty-six diff]5t %ap$ silv] spots on ea*2 "o ( :i*1 9 ! c5tre ( ! w+1 is divid$ by a %ort black l9e4 ,,pamphila ,,phyl,,u4 ,plate ,,xiii4 fig4 #d4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,hesp]iid1 ,/eph5s4 ,,g5us4 ,,pamphila1 ,fabr4 ,hesp]ia 7urbicol71 ,fabr4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 urb47 ,drury1 ,l9n4 ,,pamphila ,,phyl,,u4 ,alis rufo-fulvis1 anticis supra fasci obliqu int]rupt 7mas47 maculve arcuat 7foem9a7 limboque po/ico fuscis1 po/icis ibidem exts fusco m>g9atis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc474 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,hesp4 urb47 ,phylu1 ,drury1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #gfg4 ,no4 #aab4 7,hesp]ia ,ph47 ,hesp]ia 7urb47 ,vitellius1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cbg4 ,no44 #bdj ,pamphila ,vitellius1 ,/eph4 ,illu/4 ,brit4 ,ent4 ,h4 #a4 p4 #ajc4 ,hawor?1 9 ,trans4 ,ent4 ,soc4 ,vol4 #a4 p4 #ccd4 ,abbot & ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georgia1 tab4 #ag4 ,,habitat3 ,antigua1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s1 ,nevis1 c4 7,drury74 ,antilles & ,brazil 7,enc4 ,m?474 ,upp] ,side4 ,?orax & abdom5 ( a yell[i% olive4 ,sup]ior w+s ( a tawny yell[1 hav+ a d>k br[n 7almo/ a black7 ind5t$ m>g91 runn+ along ! ext]nal m>g91 f ! tips to ! l[] corn]s4 ,ne> ! middle ( ea* w+ are two d>k-br[n spots1 "o oblong1 ! o!r ( a longi% squ>e =m1 ! =m] be+ ! l>ge/4 ,inf]ior w+s tawny yell[1 & angulat$1 hav+ a d>k br[n ind5t$ m>g94 ,"u ,side4 ,w+s tawny yell[1 b r pal] ?an on ! upp] side4 ,! ant]ior ) sev]al d>k br[n angul> spots1 plac$ along ! ext]nal edges1 & 9 ! middle ( ! w+s1 ) a l>ge "o ne> ! %\ld]s4 ,po/]ior w+s also spott$ ) _m small d>k br[n spots1 "s be+ sc>cely visible4 ,a specim5 ( ?is species is /at$ to h be5 captur$ by ! late ,dr4 ,abbot 9 ,b$=d%ire4 ,x is mo/ probable1 h[ev]1 n[ t ! ,pamphila ,bucephalus has be5 prov$ to be an indig5\s species1 t ! specim5 ! capture ( :i* is record$ by ,mr4 ,hawor?1 belong$ to t species4 ,! cat]pill> ( ?is skipp]-butt]fly fe$s ^u a species ( panic grass 7,panicum ,crus-,galli7 & on ! buffalo grass4 #bf,,plate ,,xiv4 ,illu/ration ,,nymphalis ,,bol9a4 ,plate ,,xiv4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid4 ,,g5us4 ,,nymphalis4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymphal4 ,phal471 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,nymphalis ,,bol9a4 ,alis d5tatis1 supra nigris1 anticis maculis duabus1 po/icis solit>i magn1 co]uleo-albis1 subtus cortic9is fasci alb4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,ph47 ,bol9a1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 p4 #gha4 ,no4 #ahh4 ,cram]1 pl4 #fe4 fig4 ,e4 ,f4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #bdd4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #abf4 ,no4 #chd4 ,latr4 et ,god4 7,enc4 ,m?47 ix4 #cif4 ,no4 #aeg4 7,nymphalis ,bol47 ,,habitat3 ,bombay1 ,sur9am1 all ! ,we/ ,indian ,isl&s1 ,new ,york1 ,c>ol9a1 ,brazil1 ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ,malab>1 ,corom&el1 ,*9a1 ,ceylon 7,drury74 ,9 ,indi ori5talis ,portulaca 7,fabr474 ,cay5ne 7,enc4 ,m?474 ,upp] ,side4 ,?ree :ite spots1 "o be=e1 & two beh9d1 on ! head1 :i*1 ) ! ?orax & abdom51 is ( a blacki% br[n4 ,w+s d5tat$1 & ( a d>k *ocolate col\r1 almo/ black2 b :5 held aga9/ ! light1 9 a c]ta9 direction1 display a bluei% purple4 ,ant]ior w+s1 9 ! middle1 hav+ a l>ge oval1 & ano!r small] oblong :ite spot at ! tips4 ,po/]ior w+s ) a l>ge :ite spot1 l>g] ?an t 9 ! sup]ior ones4 ,on ! edges ( all ^! spots1 ! purple col\r be=e-m5tion$1 is v conspicu\s4 ,"u ,side4 ,palpi :ite4 ,! sides ( ! ?orax spott$ ) :ite4 ,ant]ior w+s1 next ! body1 ( a r$di% *ocolate2 b ne> ! tips1 ( a dirty olive4 ,! l>ge & small :ite spots appe> "h z on ! upp] side2 ) ?ree small angul> :ite spots1 close to ! ant]ior m>g91 ne> ! middle4 ,along ! ext]nal edge1 is a r[ ( :ite cresc5ts on a black bord]2 ov] :i* are six small1 r\nd1 fa9t1 :ite spots4 ,po/]ior w+s1 next ! body1 ( a dirty olive2 b t[>d _! ext]nal edges1 m ( a *ocolate1 ) a broad c5tral :ite b> runn+ entirely across ! w+1 ) a small angul> black m>k1 ne> ! ant]ior m>g94 ,along ! ext]nal edges1 is a r[ ( :ite cresc5ts2 above :i* is a r[ ( small :ite triangul> spots1 plac$ two & two1 betwe5 ! cresc5ts4 ,above ?is1 six small r\nd :ite spots are plac$ 9 a r[4 ,! flight ( ?is species is said by ,drury to be exce$+ly quick & rapid1 s t x is v difficult to cat* !m1 & h5ce !y are seldom obta9$ 9 f9e condition1 be+ g5]ally secur$ 9 a fad$ /ate :5 !y are tak5 ) m ease4 ,! purple t9t ^u ! upp] side ( ! w+s is mo/ int5se1 & :5 ! insect flies 9 ! sun1 glanc+ be=e ! eye ( ! obs]v] at a little di/ance 7= x is by no means a timid creature71 ! vivid purple1 obs]ves ,drury1 is n mu* less ?an ! electrical sp>k1 & its *anges dep5d+ on ! degree ( obliquity :i* x pres5ts to ! sun1 are sc>cely less rapid4 #bg,,nymphalis ,,iphicla4 ,plate ,,xiv4 fig4 #c1 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal471 ,l9n4 ,fabr4 ,god4 ,,nymphalis ,,iphicla4 ,alis d5ticulatis1 supra fuscis1 fasci communi alb antrorsm rotundat1 retrorsm acum9at2 anticis supr macul apicis1 et auguli analis1 f]rug9eis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,iphicla1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #chj4 ,papilio 7,n4 ,p47 ,iphicla1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #ace4 #dag4 ,cram]1 pl4 #ahh4 fig4 ,e4 ,f4 7v>487 ,papilio ,basilea1 ,cram4 pl4 #ahh4 fig4 ,d4 7male74 ,papilio ,cy!rea1 ,cram4 pl4 #cgf4 ,c4 ,d4 7female74 ,p4 ,cy!reus1 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #bhd4 f4 #a4 #b4 ,p4 ,iphicla1 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 #adh4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,nymphalis ,iphicla1 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 #cgd4 ,,habitat3 ,sur9am 7,drury74 ,guiana & ,brazil 7,enc4 ,m?474 ,upp] ,side4 ,?orax & abdom5 ne>ly black4 ,ant]ior w+s ( a light liv] col\r1 hav+ "s fa9t l9es a little wav$1 ( a d>k] col\r1 runn+ along ! ext]nal edges4 ,ea* has an orange spot1 situat$ at a small di/ance f ! tip1 & jo9+ to ! ant]ior m>g94 ,po/]ior w+s d5tat$1 & angul> at ! anal angle1 ( ! same col\r z ! ant]ior2 ) ! same fa9t wav$ subapical l9es4 ,9 ! middle ( ! ant]ior w+s arises a b> ( a v pale brim/one col\r1 ne> a qu>t] ( an in* broad1 & :i* ext5ds to ! anal angle ( ! po/]ior w+s1 bel[ :i* is an orange spot4 ,"u ,side4 ,all ! w+s1 next ! body1 are m>k$ & cl\d$ ) l9es & m>ks ( a% col\r & olive br[n4 ,! pale brim/one b> is se5 v di/9ctly on ?is side2 & ! two orange spots on ! upp] side ( ! ant]ior w+s1 "h assume a t+e ( fle% col\r1 sep>at$ 9 ! middle by ! t5don1 :i* is ( an orange ca/4 ,! fa9t wav$ l9es also are v conspicu\s1 ( a v d>k fle% col\r1 %ad$ ) br[n4 ,,plate ,,xv4 ,illu/ration ,,vanessa ,,*>onia4 ,plate ,,xv4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,vanessa1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,curtis4 ,hamadryades1 ,hubn4 ,papilio 7,nymphalis ,phal471 ,fabr4 ,drury4 ,,vanessa ,,*>onia4 ,alis d5tatis1 supra nigris1 fasci communi subm>g9ali co]ule1 9 po/icis s]ie punctorum nigrorum divis2 anticis apice productis1 po/icis subcaudatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,*>onia1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,cram]1 ,pap4 tab4 #d4 pl4 #dg4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #aai4 ,no4 #cjd4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #cjh4 #bg 7,vanessa ,*474 ,,habitat33 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,india 7,fabr474 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ?orax & abdom5 black1 & furni%$ ) grayi% hair4 ,! gr\nd ( all ! w+s is black2 b t[>ds ! body incl9es to copp]4 ,on ! ant]ior w+s1 ne> ! tips1 is a :ite spot plac$ close to ! ant]ior edge4 ,?is edge is n>r[ly bord]$ ) blue1 & dappl$ ) little wave-l /ripes ( black2 f ^: middle an oblique blue spot1 almo/ half an in* long1 ext5ds d[n ! w+s4 ,a little bel[ ?is1 arises a light blue b> ( lunules1 :i* runs ev5 ) ! ext]nal edge1 & is cont9u$ transv]sely across ! po/]ior w+1 exclud+ ! anal angle4 ,on ?is blue b>1 9 ! po/]ior w+s1 are plac$ six small black angul> spots4 ,b5ea? ^! is a #bhn>r[ d\ble bord] ( blue1 runn+ along _! ext]nal m>g94 ,all ! w+s are deeply d5tat$ & angulat$4 ,"u ,side4 ,! gr\nd ( ! w+s is ( a d>k orange1 ) v>i\s broad transv]se purpli% %ades1 & ) a v>iety ( irregul> small wave-l m>k+s1 & diff]5t t9ts ( br[n1 int]m+l$ ) orange %ades4 ,! "u side ( ! male is ( a v d>k br[n1 almo/ black1 ) "s fa9t wav+s1 :i* are n s /rong & beautiful z 9 ! female4 ,,argynnis ,,eryman?is4 ,plate ,,xv4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid4 ,,g5us4 ,,argynnis1 ,fab4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,argyreus1 ,scop4 ,papilio 7,danai ,fe/iv471 ,drury4 ,,argynnis ,,eryman?is4 ,alis subrotundatis1 subd5tatis1 fulvis1 anticis fasci flavesc5ti transv]s m$i nigro maculat1 apice nigris2 po/icis s]ie punctorum1 duabusque lunul>um nigrorum4 7,expans4 ,al>1 f]e #c unc4 ,drury1 #b unc4 ,enc4 ,m?474 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,fe/47 ,eryman?is1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,cram]1 pl4 #bch4 fig4 #i4 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #aci4 #dbg4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 #beg4 ,papilio ,lampetia1 ,cram4 ,pap4 pl4 #adh fig4 ,e4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,corom&el1 ,java 7,enc4 ,m?474 ,upp] ,side4 ,head1 ?orax1 & abdom5 d>k br[n4 ,ant]ior w+s1 next ! body1 ( a d>k tawny orange1 :i* col\r occupies ab\t half ! w+s1 & is b\nd$ by a v irregul> l9e4 ,a broad black pat* occupies ! tips ( ! w+s1 beg9n+ ab\t ! middle ( ! ant]ior edge1 & ext5ds along ! ext]nal "o to ! int]ior angle2 on :i*1 ne> ! tips1 are two clay-col\r$ r\nd spots2 & bel[ !m1 9 "s specim5s1 are two m spots ne> ! ext]nal edge4 ,! space betwe5 ! black pat* & ! tawny orange is ( a clay col\r1 ) ?ree r\nd black spots on x1 ! l[] "o ! l>ge/4 ,po/]ior w+s tawny orange1 ! po/]ior edges be+ ( a dirty br[n2 & above !m are se5 two r[s ( black cresc5ts irregul>ly plac$1 ov] ^! are five r\nd black spots4 ,! w+s are slightly d5tat$1 ! inf]ior ones mo/4 ,"u ,side4 ,all ! w+s clay col\r4 ,a d>k1 fa9t1 engrail$ l9e1 compos$ ( a numb] ( cresc5ts1 jo9$ toge!r1 runs transv]sely across ! sup]ior & inf]ior w+s1 ext5d+ to ! anal angle4 ,,hipp>*ia ,,l$a4 ,plate ,,xv4 fig4 #e4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,hipp>*ia1 ,fabr4 ,/eph5s4 ,satyrus1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,argus p4 ,scop4 ,orcades1 ,hubn4 ,papilio 7,nymphales ,gemmati71 ,drury4 ,,hipp>*ia ,,l$a4 ,alis angulatis supra cortic9o-fuscis2 anticis ocello apicis sesquialt]o 9 plag magn lute1 po/icis ocellis duobus2 omnibus subtus griseo-reticulatis /rig ocellorum4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,gemm47 ,l$a1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #ggc4 ,no4 #aea4 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,fabricius1 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #c4 #a4 p4 #ajh4 #ccc4 ,cram]1 ,pap4 pl4 #aif4 ,c4 ,d4 & pl4 #bib4 fig4 ,a4 ,encycl4 ,m?4 ix4 #dgh4 ,no4 #d4 7,satyrus ,l47 ,papilio ,sol&ra 7v>487 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4#a4 #ajf4 #cbh4 ,donovan ,ins4 ,new ,holl4 pl4 #bc4 f4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,ind4 ori5t4 7,web] ,,mss474 ,si]ra ,leone 7,fabr4 8874 ,mauritius 7,encycl4 ,m?474 ,otaheite & ,new ,holl& 7,fabr4 & ,donovan1 ,p4 ,sol&ra74 #bi,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n1 ?orax1 & abdom5 ( a d>k br[n col\r4 ,all ! w+s d>k olive br[n4 ,on ! ant]ior w+s1 ne> ! tips1 are two black circul> spots unit$ toge!r3 ! l[] "o be+ ! l>ge/1 ea* hav+ a small :ite "o 9 its c5tre4 ,on ! po/]ior w+s are two black circul> eyes1 t[>ds ! anal angle2 _! irides be+ ( a gold col\r1 & ! pupils :ite4 ,! sup]ior w+s are a little d5tat$1 ! inf]ior ones be+ angulat$4 ,"u ,side4 ,all ! w+s1 on ?is side1 are ( a v pale br[n1 m>k$ all ov] ) %ort1 crook$1 wave-l /ripes1 ( a d>k br[n col\r1 almo/ black4 ,on ! ant]ior w+s are f\r eyes1 ! l>ge/1 situat$ ne> ! middle ( ! w+1 is encircl$ ) yell[1 its c5tre be+ :ite2 bel[ ?is is a small "o1 & two o!r small ones are plac$ ne> ! tips4 ,po/]ior w+s1 ) a r[ ( six black eyes ne> ! ext]nal edge1 :]e( two are mu* l>g] ?an ! re/2 ! irides ( all be+ yell[1 & ! pupils :ite4 ,t next ! anal angle is sesquialt]ate4 ,9 "s specim5s ^! eyes are less di/9ct ?an 9 o!rs2 9 "s !re are n m ?an five to be disc]n$1 & only "o on ea* sup]ior w+2 9 o!rs n m ?an ?ree c be di/+ui%$1 ! small ones be+ entirely want+4 ,drury obs]ves 7,introd4 to vol4 iii4 p4 #af47 t ?is insect v mu* resembles a species s5t by ,mr4 ,smea?man f ,africa1 :i* comes out only ab\t sunset1 & is !n to be f\nd 9 d>k %ades1 wav]+ ab\t among/ ! e>ly fly+ noctu1 & o!r nocturnal species4 ,9 "s manuscripts ( ! late ,pr(essor ,web] ( ,kiel1 9 my possession1 ! ,ea/ ,indies are giv5 z ! habitat ( ?is species4 ,,plate ,,xvi4 ,illu/ration ,,ca/nia ,,licus4 ,plate ,,xvi4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,hesp]i ,sph+es 7,latr474 ,,family3 ,ca/niid4 ,we/w4 ,,g5us4 ,,ca/nia1 ,fabricius1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,dalman4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,fe/iv471 ,drury4 ,,ca/nia ,,licus4 ,alis integris1 supra atris nitidis2 anticis sesquifasci alb1 po/icis s]ie m>g9ali punctorum rubrorum fascique obliqu alb4 7,expans4 ,al>4 f]e #d unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,fe/iv47 ,licus1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,cram]1 pl4 #bbc4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #de4 ,no4 #acg4 7,licas47 ,papilio ,lycus1 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #acd4 f4 #a4 #b4 ,m]ian ,sur9am1 tab4 #cf4 ,ca/nia ,licus1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #gig4 ,,habitat3 ,sur9am4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n are d>k br[n1 at ! tips pal]2 & t]m9at+ 9 a po9t4 ,! head1 ?orax1 & base ( ! abdom5 d>k *ocolate br[n2 ! extremity & sides ( ! latt] d>k4 ,ant]ior w+s ( a f9e deep *ocolate br[n4 ,a n>r[1 irregul>1 & oblique cream-col\r$ b> runs across ! w+2 betwe5 ?is & ! tip1 f ! ant]ior edge1 runs ano!r crook$ irregul> b>1 ( a mu* d>k] col\r1 rea*+ almo/ half across ! w+ t[>ds ! int]ior angle1 ! ext]nal m>g9 be+ ( a light] %ade4 ,po/]ior w+s1 hav+ a :ite b> runn+ transv]sely across ! w+1 wid5+ by degrees1 & end+ at ! anal angle4 ,six squ>e orange spots also ( diff]5t sizes1 are plac$ )9 ! ext]nal m>g9 ( ^! w+s4 ,"u ,side4 ,ant]ior w+s1 9 ! middle1 d>k *ocolate2 ! tips d>k fawn col\r1 light] next ! %\ld]s4 ,! two irregul> b>s1 on ! upp] side1 are "h a little broad]4 ,)9 ! ext]nal edge are ?ree r pe>ly :ite spots4 ,po/]ior w+s greyi% fawn col\r1 ) ! #cj;ext]nal edges d>k]4 ,a pale pe>l-col\r$ b> runs across ! w+ beyond ! middle1 wid5+ gradually2 bel[ ?is are "s v fa9t br[n spots1 & ne> ! ext]nal edge "s fa9t orange ones1 sc>cely visible4 ,! edges ( all ! w+s are entire4 ,! g5us ,ca/nia is ano!r ( ^? curi\s anomal\s =ms1 :i* exhibit ! *>act]s ( sev]al gr\ps4 ,! g5]al =m ( ! w+s is t ( a mo?1 :il/ ! v>iegat$ col\rs1 indicat+ diurnal flight1 & ! /ructure ( ! ant5n are ^? ( a butt]fly4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$1 t travell]s 9 ,s\? ,am]ica h n asc]ta9$ ! prep>atory /ates ( ?is extraord9>y gr\p1 :i* alone w enable u satisfactorily to asc]ta9 its real relations4 ,,ga/ropa*a8 ,,otus4 ,plate ,,xvi4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,ga/ropa*a8 ,o*s5h4 ,sph9x1 ,drury4 ,,ga/ropa*a8 ,,otus4 ,alis elongatis integris luteo-fuscis1 anticis fasciis duabus d5ticulatis nigris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,otus4 ,drury1 ,app5d4 v4 #b4 ,bombyx ,agrius1 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #e4 #ci4 #ef4 ,,habitat3 ,smyrna 7,drury74 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n & head are ( a r$di% br[n2 ! =m] are /rongly pect9at$1 & v broad 9 ! middle1 b at ! extremities v n>r[ & curl$4 ,?orax d>k br[n4 ,abdom5 rea*+ half an in* bel[ ! w+s ( a r$di% dun col\r4 ,ant]ior w+s dun col\r2 ) a l>ge spot or pat*1 ( a d>k] col\r1 situat$ on ! po/]ior m>g91 ne> ! base4 ,two ind5t$ black l9es run obliquely f ! ant]ior edge1 ne> ! tip1 to ! po/]ior ne> ! middle2 ! space betwe5 !m be+ r light] ?an ! re/4 ,po/]ior w+s dun col\r1 immaculate4 ,all ! w+s1 bo? on ! "u & upp] sides1 appe> v %9+ & glossy2 ! scales or fea!rs appe>+1 :5 view$ ?r\gh a microscope1 v co>se & long4 ,!re is no tongue discov]able 9 ?is mo?4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/ & sides bright dun4 ,! abdom5 r$di% dun4 ,all ! w+s dun-col\r$4 ,! l[] ind5t$ l9e appe>s fa9tly ?r\gh ! w+1 ( a d>k br[n col\r1 also a fa9t r$di% br[n ind5t$ l9e runs across ! po/]ior w+s4 ,! edges ( all ! w+s are entire4 ,?is insect1 :i* appe>s to h be5 ov]look$ by mod]n au?ors1 seems to =m a connect+ l9k betwe5 ,zeuz]a & ,ga/ropa*a1 agree+ ) ! =m] 9 ! g5]al =m1 & ) ! latt] 9 ! transv]se d5ticulat$ fasci on ! ant]ior w+s1 & ! curv$ ant5n fea!r$ to ! tips4 #ca,,plate ,,xvii4 ,illu/ration ,,papilio ,,polydamas4 ,plate ,,xvii4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,papilio 7,equit4 ,troj47 ,l9n4 ,,pap4 ,,polydamas4 ,alis d5tatis1 nigro-viresc5tibus1 fasci communi int]rupt flav1 po/icis subtus maculis l9e>ibus flexuosis rubris1 tribus arg5teis adjectis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 unc4 #d47 ,,syn4 ,pap4 ,polydamas4 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #gdg4 ,no4 #ab4 ,m]ian4 ,sur9am4 pl4 #ca4 ,cram] ,pap4 #ah4 p4 #cc4 pl4 #baa4 f4 ,d4 ,e4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 t4 #aj4 f4 #f4 #g4 ,boisd4 et ,leconte ,icon4 des ,*54 de l',am]4 ,sept4 pl4 #a4 ,boisd4 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,lep4 #a4 #cba4 ,no4 #afb4 ,,habitat3 ,am]ica1 f ,georgia to ,brazil1 ,antigua 7,drury74 ,upp] ,side4 ,! head & ?orax are black2 ) two r$ spots on ! neck1 & two small :ite spots at ! base ( ! ant5n4 ,all ! w+s are scollop$1 & ( a d>k gre5 col\r4 ,! ant]ior w+s h a r[ ( yell[ spots ris+ ne> ! tips1 :i*1 runn+ across ! middle ( ! inf]ior ones1 9 a circul> mann]1 meet at ! extremity ( ! body2 "s ( !m be+ %ap$ l ! be>d$ po9ts ( arr[s4 ,! holl[ or concave "p ( ea* scollop1 9 ! inf]ior w+s1 is edg$ ) yell[4 ,"u ,side4 ,! head1 brea/1 feet1 & abdom5 are black2 ) sev]al r$ spots on ! sides1 abdom51 & %\ld]s4 ,all ! w+s are black2 ! ant]ior hav+ "s ( ! yell[ spots t are se5 on ! upp] side2 ) sev5 irregul> r$ spots1 plac$ along ! edge ( ea* po/]ior w+1 & ?ree silv] spots or m>ks jo9+ to ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r?4 ,l9nu /ates1 t ?is insect inhabits ! ,hibiscus mutabilis4 ,by o!r au?ors x is /at$ to fe$ ^u ! ,ari/olo*ia ,s]p5t>ia1 or ,virg9ian snake-root4 ,! cat]pill> is br[n1 ) fle%y sp9es ( ! same col\r1 & r$ /ripes1 ea* segm5t also be+ ornam5t$ ) f\r eye-l spots1 half yell[ & half r$4 ,,nymphalis ,,assimilis4 ,plate ,,xvii4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,nymphalis1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,papilio 7,nymphalis ,phal471 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,nymphalis ,,assimilis4 ,alis subrep&is nigris concoloribus1 l9eis maculisque albo-viresc5tibus1 po/icis /rig apicali punctorum cocc9eorum4 7,expans4 ,al>4 f]e #e unc4 ,drury #c unc4 ,enc4 ,m?474 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymphal4 ,phal47 assimilis1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 p4 #ghb4 ,no4 #aid4 ,cram]1 pl4 #aed4 ,a4 ,esp]4 ,pap4 ,exot4 t4 #eg4 f4 #a4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #ci4 ,no4 #aad4 7,papilio ,eq4 ,a*47 ,,habitat3 ,*9a4 ,upp] ,side4 ,head black1 ) two :ite frontal spots4 ,?orax black1 ) ?ree :ite /ripes4 ,abdom5 black1 m>k$ on ! sides ) :ite4 ,ant]ior w+s sooty black1 hav+ a numb] ( l>ge spots & /ripes on !m ( diff]5t =ms & dim5sions1 ( a gre5i%-grey col\r4 ,ne> ! ext]nal edge is a d\ble r[ ( sixte5 small spots ( ! same gre5i% grey1 & above !m are five l>g] ( a m circul> %ape4 ,po/]ior w+s resemble ! sup]ior1 b h a broad bord] ( cle>] black runn+ along ! ext]nal edge1 :]eon are five spots ( a sc>let col\r1 incl9+ to p9k1 "o hav+ a small black spot 9 ! middle4 ,! w+s are slightly d5tat$4 #cb,"u ,side4 ,body black1 & ornam5t$ ) r\nd spots ( cle> :ite4 ,at ! base ( ! w+s1 is a rem>kable r\nd spot ( a cle> :ite1 ab\t ! size ( a p9's head4 ,! w+s are spott$ z on ! upp] side1 ! gre5i% spots be+ r l>g]1 & 9 ! inf]ior w+s incl9+ to a yell[1 ! g5]al gr\nd ( all ! w+s appe>+ m sooty on ?is side4 ,,plate ,,xviii4 ,illu/ration ,,limacodes8 ,,ar5acea4 ,plate ,,xviii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid4 ,,g5us4 ,,limacodes8 ,latr4 ,apoda1 ,hawor?4 ,het]og5ea1 ,kno*4 ,phalna ,bombyx1 ,l9n4 ,,limacodes8 ,,ar5acea4 ,lutea1 alis sup]ioribus supra atomis nigris adsp]sis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx7 ar5acea1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 p4 #hbh4 ,no4 #fe4 ,,habitat3 ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n pect9at$1 & ( a yell[ clay col\r4 ,! head & ?orax yell[1 b cov]$ ov] ) hairs 9 su* mann] t ! =m] _c be di/+ui%$4 ,! abdom51 sup]ior & inf]ior w+s yell[4 ,on ! ant]ior w+s appe> "s v m9ute black spots scatt]$ !reon 9 a v irregul> mann]4 ,! w+s are entire4 ,"u ,side4 ,! ?ighs1 brea/1 & abdom5 are v hairy4 ,! sup]ior & inf]ior w+s ( ! same yell[ col\r z on ! upp] side1 )\t a m>k ( any k9d4 ,?is insect appe>s mo/ ne>ly to approa* ! g5us ,limacodes1 ,latr4 ,,saturnia ,,cecropia4 ,plate ,,xviii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid4 ,,g5us4 ,,saturnia1 ,s*rank4 ,latr4 ,attacus1 ,g]m>4 ,phalna 7,bombyx71 ,l9n4 c4 ,,saturnia ,,cecropia4 ,alis anticis subfalcatis1 po/icis rotundatis2 omnibus griseis fasci communi fulv maculque r5i=mi ocelloque apicali 79 anticis7 ornatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #f unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 v4 #b4 p4 #hji4 ,no4 #c4 ,cram]1 ,ins4 #d4 tab4 #db4 f4 ,a4 ,b4 ,catesby ,c>ol4 #hf4 t4 #hf4 ,abbot & ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georgia1 tab4 #de4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #djh4 ,no4 #d4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bdja4 #c4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #e4 p4 #be4 #e4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york 7,drury74 ,nor? ,am]ica 7,l9n4 c474 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n v broad1 pect9at$ & black4 ,! head is small & r$4 ,neck :ite4 ,?orax cov]$ ) long orange-br[n hairs4 ,abdom5 alt]nately ) broad /ripes ( :ite & orange br[n1 ! latt] be+ edg$ beh9d ) black4 ,ant]ior w+s1 ) two b>s cross+ f ! ant]ior to ! po/]ior edges1 "o at ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* f ! %\ld]s1 :iti%1 edg$ on ! outside ) black2 ! o!r is orange1 at ab\t an in* di/ance f ! ext]nal m>g94 ,! base ( ! w+ is a f9e orange br[n4 ,! middle is deep ru/y br[n1 :i*1 t[>ds ! upp] "p1 is p[d]$ ) buff-col\r$ hairs4 ,9 ! middle ( ?is is a l>ge :ite spot v]g$ ) black1 some:at resembl+ a kidney bean1 & is broadly t+$ beh9d ) r$ br[n4 ,! extremity ( ?is w+1 next ! b>1 is ! same d>k br[n1 & p[d]$1 hav+ a black spot ab\t #cc;half an in* f ! tip1 hav+ )9 x a semicircul> m>k ( a pe>l col\r4 ,f ?is spot to ! ant]ior edge runs a s]p5t9e l9e ( :ite1 bord]$ on ! out] side ) r$4 ,betwe5 ?is & ! orange b> is a broad t+e ( light purple4 ,! o!r side1 next ! tip1 is light br[n1 /a9$ ) blood col\r4 ,f ! black spot to ! int]ior angle runs a black s]p5t9e l9e1 inclos+ a space ( d>k buff1 betwe5 :i* & ! d>k buff m>g9 is a light buff irregul> /reak4 ,po/]ior w+s simil> to ! sup]ior1 b ! orange b> is r$d] & broad]1 runn+ p>allel ) ! ext]nal edge1 & is bord]$ on ! inn] side ) :ite2 ! "p ( ! w+ )9 ?is is deep ru/y br[n1 ) a l>g] :ite spot 9 ! middle1 v]g$ ) black1 & t+$ beh9d ) r$ br[n4 ,! col\r bel[ ! r$ b> is deep ru/y br[n1 ! bord] along ! ext]nal edge be+ ( a d>k dirty buff1 :]eon are two small d>k l9es1 hav+ an irregul> ind5t$ l9e ( ! same dirty buff above !m4 ,! w+s are entire4 ,"u ,side4 ,! m>k+s on all ! w+s are m di/9ct1 & bright] ?an on ! upp]4 ,! po/]ior w+s1 & ! major "p ( ! ant]ior1 be+ cov]$ ) du/-l buff hairs1 except ! spots & buff m>g9s r\nd ! edges4 ,! po/]ior w+s along ! ant]ior edges be+ v]g$ ) :ite1 :i* becomes broad] z x approa*es ! %\ld]s4 ,! cat]pill> ( ?is f9e mo? fe$s ^u ! wild ,am]ican plum 7,prunus ,p5sylvanica71 g>d5 plum1 c4 ,x is ?ick & fle%y1 ( a pale gre5 col\r1 ) a pair ( small blue spots on ea* segm5t1 & ) two r[s ( %ort & setose yell[ dorsal tub]cles4 ,"o obs]v$ by ,abbot1 spun up on ! #ag? ( ,june1 & ! mo? came out on ! #cj? ( ,m>* foll[+4 ,! cocoon is atta*$ to a twig4 ,! outside web is co>se1 & ! inn] cov]$ ) silk1 l a silk-worm's cocoon4 ,abbot /ates t ?is silk has be5 c>d$1 spun1 & made into /ock+s1 & t x w wa% l l954 ,! species is1 h[ev]1 too r>e to be ( any utility 9 ,georgia4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 mu* m abundant 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,new ,york1 & has be5 br$ 9 ,engl& f "s br\ght ov] 9 ! *rysalis /ate4 ,x is difficult to re> x 9 conf9em5t4 ,,spilosoma ,,arge4 ,plate ,,xviii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,spilosoma1 ,/eph4 ,arctia1 ,latr4 ,eyprepia1 p4 ,o*s4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,spilosoma ,,arge4 ,alis albidis1 nigro-maculatis et l9eatis1 po/icis inc>natis l9e m>g9ali fulv2 abdom9e concolori maculis nigris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,arge1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #e4 #ib4 #bcb4 ,bombyx ,dione1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #ddb4 ,no4 #ajf4 ,abbot & ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georg4 t4 #fc4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york2 tak5 on ! #bj? day ( ,may4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n fili=m1 & cream-col\r$ at ! base1 b black at _! extremities4 ,! tongue is small1 & curl$ up4 ,! neck r$1 hav+ two small black /reaks above x4 ,! ?orax & abdom5 cream-col\r$4 ,on ! =m] are ?ree black /reaks4 ,on ea* annulus ( ! abdom5 is a black spot1 & ano!r on ea* side4 ,ant]ior w+s cream-col\r$1 ) _m black spots & m>ks !reon1 ( diff]5t =ms & sizes1 & v>y+ v greatly 9 diff]5t specim5s4 ,! #cd;ant]ior m>g9 r$4 ,po/]ior w+s almo/ transp>5t1 dirty cream-col\r$1 t+$ ) r$1 :]eon are _m oblong sooty spots4 ,cili cream-col\r$1 )9 :i* is a n>r[ r$ l9e4 ,"u ,side4 ,! col\rs are m fa9t & dirty ?an ^? on ! upp]4 ,ant]ior femora r$1 ) two black spots !reon1 close to ! head4 ,t>si black & cream-col\r$4 ,! cat]pill> ( ?is insect is br[n1 ) five pale longitud9al l9es1 & ) long hairs aris+ f fulv\s tub]cles4 ,x fe$s1 accord+ to ,abbot1 ^u planta91 corn1 peas1 & _m o!r plants4 ,a specim5 obs]v$ by ?is au?or 0 hat*$ on ! #bc;d ( ,july1 spun up on ! #bh? ( ,augu/1 & ! mo? appe>$ on ! #i? ( ,septemb]4 ,x is said occasionally to make great deva/ation among ,indian corn4 ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smi? asc]ta9$ ! specific id5tity ( ?is insect f ,dr4 ,hunt]'s ,museum1 exam9$ by ,fabricius1 :o has neglect$ to cite ,drury's figure4 ,,spilosoma ,,cunea4 ,plate ,,xviii4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid4 ,,g5us4 ,,spilosoma1 ,/eph4 ,arctia1 ,latr4 ,eyprepia1 ,o*s4 ,phalna 7,noctua71,drury4 ,,spilosoma ,,cunea4 ,alis albis1 anticis maculis p]multis1 po/icis duabus nigris1 abdom9e concolori nigro-maculato4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #e l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,bombyx7 ,cunea1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,phalna punctatissima1 ,abbot & ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georg4 t4 #gj8 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york 7,drury74 ,georgia & ,virg9ia 7,abbot & ,smi?74 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n pect9at$ & black4 ,!re is no appe>ance ( any tongue4 ,head :ite4 ,back & abdom5 a% col\r4 ,ant]ior w+s :ite1 ) a great numb] ( spots diff]5tly %ap$ ( a sooty black col\r4 ,on ! ext]nal m>g9 are five spots1 ^? ne>e/ ! tips be+ %ap$ l triangles4 ,po/]ior w+s :ite1 ) a sooty spot on ea* ne> ! ext]nal edge1 & a v fa9t small m>k ne> ! ext]ior angle4 ,"u ,side4 ,legs black4 ,brea/ & abdom5 a% col\r4 ,! w+s m>k$ z on ! upp] side4 ,!re seems little reason = d\bt+ t ?is is id5tical ) ! ,phalna punctatissima ( ,abbot & ,smi?1 ( :i* ! female is entirely :ite4 ,! la/ nam$ species fe$s ^u ! mulb]ry1 p]simmon1 will[1 & wild *]ry ( ,am]ica4 ,"o obs]v$ by ,abbot spun up on ! #af? ( ,may1 & came out on ! #a/ ( ,june4 ,! :ole brood ( cat]pill>s fe$ toge!r 9 a web1 & w (t5 entirely de/roy ! leaves ( a small tree4 ,! "n propos$ by ,drury evid5tly alludes to ! triangul> spots on ! m>g9 ( ! ant]ior w+s1 & seems q z expressive z t employ$ by ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smi?1 :o seems to h treat$ ,drury's "w on sev]al occasions z sc>cely des]v+ ( notice4 #ce,,noctua 7,,acontia87 ,,nund9a4 ,plate ,,xviii4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,noctua1 ,auct4 7,,subg5us1 ,acontia8 ,o*s5h4 ,treit47 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,drury4 ,,noctua 7,,acontia87 ,,nund9a4 ,alis anticis pallide c9]eis albido v>iegatis1 lit] nigr ante apicem notatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,nund9a1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n ?read-l1 ( a r$di% br[n4 ,! tongue curl$ spirally4 ,head & ?orax a% col\r4 ,ant]ior w+s ! same1 :]eon are sev]al fa9t m>ks ( a light s& col\r4 ,close to ! ant]ior m>g91 ab\t a ?ird f ! tips1 is a black m>k1 resembl+ an ,i ( ! ,g]man text *>act]s4 ,po/]ior w+s silv]y :ite1 ) a small1 fa9t1 light1 s&y bord]1 & a small oblong br[n discoidal spot4 ,"u ,side4 ,ant]ior w+s silv]y :ite1 ) a fa9t indi/9ct d>k br[n bord] runn+ along ! ext]nal m>g91 & two d>k m>ks opposite ! ,g]man text "*4 ,po/]ior w+s silv]y :ite2 ! oblong br[n spots are "h pla9ly se5 z on ! upp] side4 ,,plate ,,xix4 ,illu/ration ,,papilio ,,palam$es4 ,plate ,,xix4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,papilio1 ,auct4 ,,papilio ,,palam$es4 ,alis d5tatis nigris1 fasci macul>i maculisque m>g9alibus flavis2 po/icis caudatis1 8 subts ad bas9 vitt alb transv]s rect lunulisque rufis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #e unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,a*iv47 ,palam$es1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 7#aggc74 ,cram]1 pl4 #ic4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,pap4 7,eq4 ,a*47 ,cal*as1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #dec4 ,no4 #dd4 7#agge74 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #c4 #a4 p4 #cj4 ,no4 #ij4 ,h]b/4 ,pap4 tab4 #db4 ,boisduval1 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,lep4 #a4 #ccg4 ,no4 #agh4 ,bdv4 et ,leconte1 ,icon4 ,lep4 ,am]4 ,sept4 pl4 #e4 ,,habitat3 ,c>ol9a 7,drury74 ,georgia1 ,virg9ia 7,bdv474 ,upp] ,side4 ,head1 back1 & abdom5 d>k br[n2 ! latt] /rip$ on ! sides ) yell[4 ,two yell[ l9es1 beg9n+ at ! palpi1 encircle ! eyes1 &1 runn+ along ! %\ld]s1 end at ! base ( ! inf]ior w+s4 ,ant]ior w+s br[ni% black2 ! ext]nal m>g9 ) small yell[ cresc5ts1 above :i* are n9e yell[ r\nd spots4 ,above ?is is ano!r irregul> r[ ( yell[ angul> spots4 ,po/]ior w+s br[ni% black1 ea* ) a tail4 ,above x are six yell[ spots1 rea*+ f ! anal to ! upp] corn]1 ) five small blue spots above !m1 above :i* a yell[ irregul> b> runs across ! middle ( ! w+1 hav+ a black spot1 ^: upp] edge is v]g$ ) blue1 plac$ at ! anal angle1 ) a small t+e ( orange above & bel[ x4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/ & ?ighs yell[4 ,abdom5 /rip$ ) yell[ & d>k br[n4 ,ant]ior w+s br[ni% black1 ) ! same yell[ spots & m>ks z on ! upp] side4 ,po/]ior w+s br[ni% black1 ) six yell[ spots ne> ! ext]nal edge1 hav+ a m>k ( orange 9 ! middle ( ea*1 above :i* is a r[ ( orange cresc5ts jo9$ toge!r1 ^: upp] edges are silv]1 & bel[ ea* ( !m is a black circul> spot1 ^: inn] "p is a f9e %9+ blue1 f :5ce appe>s a great numb] ( p[d]-l gray spots4 ,! ant]ior edge next ! %\ld]s1 has a small orange /reak1 ne> :i* an orange-col\r$ l9e beg9s1 runn+ p>allel ) ! abdom54 #cf,! cat]pill> is describ$ by ,boisduval z liv+ ^u sev]al species ( ,laurus1 & ( a gre5 col\r1 ) pale blue spots1 & sc>let belly & legs1 ) a sc>let eye-%ap$ spot on ea* side ( ! ?ird segm5t4 ,! *rysalis is gibb\s1 f]rug9\s on ! back1 ) ! belly rose-col\r$1 & f\r r[s ( pale blue dots4 ,i h rev]t$ to ,drury's specific "n1 :i* has c]ta9ly ! priority1 z appe>s f ! dates :i* ,i h introduc$ among/ ! synonyms4 ,dr4 ,boisduval has giv5 ano!r species ( ?is g5us "u ! "n ( ,palam$es1 describ$ by ,fabricius "u t "n1 b consid]$ by him to be a ,nymphalis4 ,?is latt] species mu/ consequ5tly receive a new d5om9ation4 ,,melit,a ,,pelops4 ,plate ,,xix4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,melit,a1 ,fabr4 ,argynnis1 ,latr4 ,god4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rur471 ,drury4 ,,melit,a ,,pelops4 ,alis subrotundatis1 integ]rimis1 supr fulvis nigro reticulatis2 po/icis subts c>neis fusco undatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 rur47 ,pelops1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,argynnis ,pelopsa1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #bij4 ,no4 #fb4 ,,habitat3 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s 7,drury74 ,upp] ,side4 ,?orax & abdom5 br[n1 ! latt] spott$ ) fa9t br[n orange4 ,w+s black1 ) sev]al r[s ( l>ge br[n orange spots1 cross+ ! w+s1 ( diff]5t %apes & sizes4 ,"u ,side4 ,ant]ior w+s orange br[n1 spott$ ) black1 hav+ ! appe>ance ( ind5t$ l9es runn+ across !m4 ,po/]ior w+s d>k fle%-col\r$1 m>k$ & spott$ ) br[n1 & hav+ five m9ute silv] spots at equal di/ances1 p>allel ) ! ext]nal edge4 ,! w+s are entire4 ,,hesp]ia ,,arcas4 ,plate ,,xix4 fig4 #e4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,hesp]iid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,hesp]ia1 ,latr4 ,god>t4 ,battus1 p4 ,scop4 ,papilio 7,pl4 ruric71 ,l9n4 ,,hesp]ia ,,arcas4 ,alis nigricantibus immaculatis1 m>g9e integro1 anticis subts m>g9e int]no dilutiore macul p>v unic alb4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,pleb4 ruric47 ,arcas1 ,drury4 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,papilio 7,pl4 urb47 ,philemon1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #ecd4 ,no4 #cib4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cdf4 ,no4 #cad4 ,hesp]ia ,ph4 ,latr4 ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #ghh4 ,papilio ,flyas1 ,cram4 pl4 #cbh4 ,e4 ,,habitat3 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s4 ,upp] ,side4 ,?orax & abdom5 black4 ,w+s v d>k br[ni% black1 immaculate4 ,m>g9s entire4 ,"u ,side4 ,legs1 brea/1 & abdom5 d>k br[n1 b r light] ?an on ! upp] side1 immaculate1 except a small :ite spot on ! ant]ior1 plac$ ne> ! ant]ior edge t[>ds ! tip4 #cg,,plate ,,xx4 ,illu/ration ,,erebus ,,crepuscul>is8 ,plate ,,xx4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna1 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,erebus1 ,latrielle4 ,?ysania1 ,dalman4 ,noctua1 ,fabr4 ,phalna 7,attacus71 ,l9n4 ,,erebus ,,crepuscul>is8 ,alis griseis1 fasci maculisque albis1 anticis ocello fusco1 po/icis fasciis duabus d5tatis fuscis fulvo m>g9atis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,attacus7 ,crepuscul>is8 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #b4 #haa4 ,no4 #ac4 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #h4 #bee4 #ai4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,am]ica 7,l9n474 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n setace\s4 ,palpi /&+ erect above ! head4 ,tongue spiral4 ,neck ) a n>r[ r+ ( :ite4 ,?orax d>k br[n4 ,abdom5 dirty buff col\r4 ,ant]ior w+s d>k nut br[n at ! base2 pal] at ! ext]nal m>g94 ,on ! ant]ior m>g91 next ! tip1 is a :ite subtriangul> spot2 & f ! middle arises a :ite b>1 :i* runs obliquely to ! middle ( ! w+1 b sudd5ly turns & runs to ! base ( ! po/]ior m>g92 f ! inn] angle ( ?is b>1 ne> ! middle ( ! w+1 a black l9e runs t[>ds ! front ( ! w+1 =m+ a l>ge eye4 ,)9 ! ext]nal m>g9 are _m d>k & :ite m>ks4 ,all ! w+s are scollop$4 ,po/]ior w+s1 next ! %\ld]s1 are ( a dirty buff col\r2 rema9d] nut br[n1 sep>at$ by a n>r[ l9e ( d>k] br[n1 b5ea? :i* runs a small n>r[ l9e ( buff1 & a qu>t] ( an in* bel[ ?is is ano!r l9e1 cross+ ! w+4 ,f !nce1 to ! ext]nal edge1 are sev]al d>k] col\r$ cl\ds1 & :ite m>ks ( diff]5t %apes & =ms2 p>ticul>ly a :ite angul> spot on ! ant]ior edge1 ne> ! corn]4 ,"u ,side4 ,all ! w+s ( a pale clay col\r1 incl9+ to buff4 ,on ! ant]ior1 ! two :ite spots at ! tips1 visible on ! upp] side1 appe> "h also2 & sev]al small] ones on o!r p>ts ( ! w+s4 ,! :ite b> be+ less di/9ct ?an ! o!r :ite m>ks2 b on ! po/]ior w+s ! :ite angul> spot1 ne> ! upp] corn]1 is v pla9 & /rong4 ,! div]sity ( ! habitats1 giv5 by ,drury & ,l9nu1 r5d] x d\btful :e!r t figur$ by ! =m] be id5tical ) t describ$ by ! latt]4 ,,noctua ,,lunata4 ,plate ,,xx4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid4 ,,g5us4 ,,noctua1 ,auct4 ,,subg5us4--8 ,,noctua ,,lunata4 ,alis fuscis1 /rigis multis transv]sis2 anticis macul c5trali1 alt] angulat apicali1 fascique obliqu po/ic nigris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,lunata1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #c4 ,,habitat3 ,c>ol9a1 ,virg9ia4 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n light br[n & setace\s4 ,! tongue spiral4 ,palpi n v hairy4 ,! head1 ?orax1 abdom51 & w+s hazel-col\r$4 ,ant]ior w+s ) a wav$ l9e1 ( a d>k br[n col\r1 plac$ ne> ! ant]ior angle1 beg9n+ at ! po/]ior & end+ at ! ext]nal edge4 ,at ! %\ld]s1 & along ! ant]ior m>g91 are sev]al small d>k br[n cl\ds & m>ks1 t #chproduce a d>k] %ade4 ,po/]ior w+s ) a s]ies ( n>r[ transv]se wav$ l9es1 ext5d+ f ! middle to ! ext]nal edges4 ,all ! w+s are d5tat$4 ,"u ,side4 ,! brea/1 abdom51 & w+s are all ( a pal] hazel col\r4 ,ant]ior w+s dappl$ ) d>k br[n on ! middle ( ! ant]ior edge1 & spott$ ) m9ute %ort br[n /reaks1 z well z ! po/]ior4 ,,geometra 7,,ang]ona7 ,,s]rata4 ,plate ,,xx4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,geometrid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,geometra4 ,subg4 ,ang]ona1 ,dupon*1 ,/eph4 ,hipp>*us p4 ,lea*4 ,curt4 ,,geom4 7,,ang]ona7 ,,s]rata4 ,alis luteo-fulvis d5tatis1 fasci lat apicali macul basali antic>um fascique basali po/ic>um f]rug9eis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #c l97 ,,syn4 ,phal4 7,noctua7 ,s]rata1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york2 tak5 on ! #bf? ( ,june4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n & head ( a r$di% buff col\r1 ! =m] setace\s4 ,tongue v small & spiral4 ,?orax & abdom5 yell[ buff col\r2 z are all ! w+s 9 g5]al4 ,! ant]ior hav+ a b> ( br[n r$ col\r1 :i* beg9s at ! tips1 & runs across ! w+s1 almo/ to ! middle ( ! po/]ior edge2 occupy+ all t space along ! ext]nal m>g94 ,at ! base is a small cl\d ( ! same col\r1 b mu* fa9t]4 ,po/]ior w+s ) a broad m>g9al b> ( ! same br[n r$4 ,a small fa9t l9e likewise crosses ^! w+s4 ,! buff gr\nd is spr9kl$ all ov] ) fa9t1 irregul>1 d>k br[n spots1 t 9 "s specim5s are sc>cely visible4 ,all ! w+s are d5tat$2 ! l[] ones mo/ deeply4 ,"u ,side4 ,w+s yell[ buff1 ) br[n r$ m>k+s1 z on ! upp] side1 b less di/9ct4 ,! irroration /rong] & pla9]1 be+ also spr9kl$ ov] ! br[n b>s4 ,,plate ,,xxi4 ,illu/ration ,,argynnis ,,phalanta4 ,plate ,,xxi4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,swa9s4 ,,g5us4 ,,argynnis1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 et ,god>t4 ,argyreus1 ,scop4 ,dryades1 ,hubn4 ,,argynnis ,,phalanta4 ,alis subd5tatis1 fulvis nigro maculatis1 po/icis subtus ad extimum arg5teo-purpurasc5tibus1 ocellis aliquot fulvis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,nymph4 ,phal47 ,phalanta1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #adi4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #bei4 ,papilio ,culumb9a1 ,cram4 pl4 #ccg4 ,d4 ,e4 7male7 pl4 #bch4 ,a4 ,b4 7female74 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,ea/ ,indies 7,fabricius1 c474 ,isle ,mauritius 7,i4 ,o4 ,w474 ,upp] ,side4 ,?orax & abdom5 ( a dirty clay col\r4 ,ant]ior w+s ( a f9e deep clay col\r1 ! tips be+ ( a dirty black2 :i* col\r is cont9u$1 by irregul> & ind5t$ m>ks1 along ! ext]nal edges1 almo/ to ! int]ior angle1 :]e are sev]al clay-col\r$ spots & m>ks4 ,above ^! are f\r r\nd spots1 runn+ obliquely t[>d ! %\ld]s4 ,sev]al o!r black m>ks are disp]s$ on diff]5t p>ts ( ! w+s1 p>ticul>ly ne> ! ant]ior edges4 ,po/]ior w+s deep clay-col\r$1 ) two black wav$ or ind5t$ l9es1 runn+ along ! ext]nal m>g94 ,ov] ^! #ci;are f\r small1 r\nd1 black spots1 plac$ two & two4 ,above ^!1 ne>] ! %\ld]s1 are sev]al small1 black1 oblong spots1 plac$ irregul>ly4 ,! w+s1 p>ticul>ly ! po/]ior pair1 are a little d5tat$4 ,"u ,side4 ,ant]ior w+s1 at ! base & along ! po/]ior edges1 clay-col\r$4 ,ne> ! int]ior angle ( ea* w+ is a r\nd black spot2 sev]al o!rs :i* are v small1 oblong1 & fa9t]1 be+ scatt]$ ab\t on diff]5t p>ts4 ,po/]ior w+s1 at ! base1 fa9t] clay-col\r$4 ,ab\t half ! w+s1 f ! ext]nal edges1 are ( a bluei% clay col\r1 :i* is sep>at$ f ! o!r "p by a fa9t wav$ l9e ( a r$di% hue4 ,two o!r fa9t wav$ l9es also run along ! ext]nal edges1 answ]+ to ! black ones on ! upp] side2 & ! f\r black spots se5 !re are v small on ?is side1 be+ b j p]ceptible4 ,,melit,a ,,phaeton4 ,plate ,,xxi4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,g5us4 ,,melit,a1 ,fabr4 ,argynnis1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,fe/iv471 ,drury4 ,,melit,a ,,phaeton4 ,alis subrotundatis integ]rimis1 nigris1 s+ul>um extimo supr1 pag9 omni subts fulvo flavoque maculatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #i l94 f]e47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,fe/iv47 ,phaeton1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #df4 ,no4 #adj4 ,cram]1 pl4 #aic4 f4 ,c4 ,d4 ,argynnis ,phaetontea1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #bhh4 ,boisduv4 ,hi/4 nat4 ,lep4 pl4 #g4 ,b4 f4 #c4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york2 tak5 9 ,june & ,septemb]1 :5ce !re are probably two broods 9 ! ye>4 ,upp] ,side4 ,body & w+s black4 ,! ant]ior pair ( ! latt] ) n9e r$ spots plac$ ne> ! ext]nal edges2 above :i* are two r[s ( spots1 ( a lemon col\r1 ) "s o!r small ones plac$ ne> ! upp] edges4 ,po/]ior w+s ) eight r$ triangul> spots1 plac$ close to ! ext]nal edges4 ,above ^! is a r[ ( lemon-col\r$ cresc5ts2 & above t is ano!r r[ ( lemon-col\r$ r\nd spots4 ,! w+s are entire4 ,"u ,side4 ,ant]ior w+s black1 ) a r$ ind5t$ m>g92 )9 ! ext]nal edge is a r[ ( lemon-col\r$ cresc5ts4 ,ne> ! co/a1 ab\t ! middle ( ea* w+1 are two l>g] r$ spots1 & a small] "o at ! corn]1 next ! %\ld]s4 ,! rema9d] ( ! w+s is spr9kl$ ) lemon-col\r$ spots1 ( diff]5t %apes & sizes1 9 all ab\t tw5ty-six on ea*4 ,po/]ior w+s black1 hav+ _! ext]nal edges m>g9$ ) triangul> r$ spots2 above :i* is a r[ ( lemon-col\r$ cresc5ts2 & ov] ^! is a r[ ( r\nd lemon-col\r$ spots4 ,! rema9+ "p ( ! w+s is cov]$ ) lemon-col\r$ & r$ spots2 ! =m] v small1 & ! latt] r l>ge1 & angul>ly %ap$4 ,,melit,a ,,?>os4 ,plate ,,xxi4 fig4 #e4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,nymphalid1 ,sw4 ,,g5us4 ,,melit,a1 ,fabr4 ,argynnis1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,fe/iv47 ,drury4 ,,melit,a ,,?>os4 ,alis subrotundatis integ]rimis1 supra fulvis1 l9eis plurimis transv]sis limboque communi nigris1 po/icis utr9que ad extimum /rig punctorum nigrorum4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #f l94 f]e47 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,dan4 ,fe/iv47 ,?>os1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,cram]1 pl4 #afi4 fig4 ,e4 ,f4 ,argynnis ,?>ossa1 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,encycl4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #bhi4 ,no4 #fa4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 #dj,upp] ,side4 ,head1 body1 & abdom5 d>k br[n4 ,ant]ior w+s v>i$ ) d>k br[n & orange2 9 "s ! d>k br[n occupy+ ! great] "p ( ! w+s1 9 o!rs ! orange col\r is pr$om9ant2 b ! tips & ext]nal edges 9 all are d>k br[n2 9 "s two ocelli are se5 close to ! ant]ior edge1 & ne> ! l[] corn]2 b 9 o!rs ^! ocelli are n to be discov]$4 ,po/]ior w+s d>k br[n & orange4 ,r\nd ! edge is a wav$ d>k bord]1 ?r\gh :i* a small wav$ :ite l9e1 runs f ! anal angle ab\t half way2 above ?is are plac$1 9 a r[1 five r\nd ocelli1 & "o oblong1 next ! anal angle2 ! pupils be+ black1 & ! irides orange col\r4 ,above ^! is a broad orange-col\r$ b&1 & next ! body ! w+s are d>k br[n4 ,all ! w+s are entire4 ,"u ,side4 ,ant]ior w+s1 at ! base1 deep clay-col\r$1 ) "s d>k br[n cl\ds on ! ant]ior edges & int]ior angles2 b 9 "s ^! cl\ds are h>dly p]ceptible4 ,9 "s a small scollop$ l9e runs along ! ext]nal edges1 f ! tips to ! l[] corn]s1 ( a r$di% hue2 9 o!rs ?is is n to be se51 hav+ a d>k br[n bord] 9 t "p4 ,po/]ior w+s v pale clay-col\r$1 ) a cl\d on ! middle ( ! ext]nal edges1 ( a r$di% br[n2 :]e 79 "s7 is a silv] spot l a half moon4 ,! black pupils ( ! six ocelli1 se5 on ! upp] side1 are1 9 "s specim5s1 v small "h1 & j p]ceptible2 9 o!rs !y are n to be se54 ,9 %ort1 nature =ms su* a v>iety ( ?is species1 t x is difficult to set b\nds1 or to "k all t belongs to x4--,drury4 ,,plate ,,xxii4 ,illu/ration ,,papilio ,,?oas4 ,plate ,,xxii4 fig4 #a4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us3 ,,papilio1 ,auct4 ,,papilio ,,?oas4 ,alis supr nigris1 fasci communi lunulisque subm>g9alibus flavis1 po/icis caudatis1 8 subtus macul discoidali f]rug9e lunulisque co]uleis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,papilio 7,equ4 ,a*47 ,?oas1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 p4 #ecf4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cb4 ,no4 #id4 ,cram]1 pl4 #afg4 fig4 ,a4 ,b4 ,latr4 et ,god4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #fb4 #ajc4 ,boisduval et ,leconte ,icon4 ,lep4 ,am]4 ,sept4 pl4 #ab4 et #ac4 ,boisd4 ,h4 n4 ,lep4 #a4 p4 #cee4 ,v>4 ,pap4 ,cresphontes1 ,cram]1 #afe1 #aff1 ,a4 ,,habitat3 ,sur9am 7,drury74 ,p>aguay to ,georgia 7,boisd474 ,upp] ,side4 ,?orax black4 ,two small yell[ /reaks ext5d f ! eyes to ! %\ld]s4 ,abdom5 yell[1 ) a black dorsal l9e2 apex r$ br[n4 ,w+s black1 ) deep yell[ spots on !m4 ,a yell[ b>1 ne> half an in* broad1 beg9s at ! middle ( ! sup]ior w+s1 & runn+ p>allel ) ! ant]ior edges1 crosses ! inf]ior ones j bel[ ! %\ld]s4 ,sev]al oval & oblong yell[ spots are plac$ betwe5 ! tips & ?is b>4 ,"o also is situat$ close above x1 ne> ! middle ( ! w+2 be+ sep>at$ f x by ! t5don1 :i* is black4 ,bel[ ! b> are f\r small spots1 beg9n+ at ! int]ior angle 7! fir/ be+ d\ble74 ,po/]ior w+s furni%$ ) two black tails1 hav+ a long yell[ /ripe 9 ! middle4 ,ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* above ! ext]nal edge is a r[ ( six yell[ spots1 :]e( "o is obscur$ by ! ant]ior w+2 !re be+ b five %ewn 9 ! plate4 ,"u ,side4 ,! brea/ is a% col\r4 ,ant]ior w+s p>tly soot col\r1 b pr9cipally yell[4 ,a r[ ( eight yell[ spots is situat$ )9 ! ext]nal m>g91 & ! yell[ b>1 obs]vable on ! upp] side1 is n to be di/+ui%$ on ?is4 ,sev]al small yell[ l9es rise at ! %\ld]s1 & exp&+ l ! /icks ( a fan1 occupy almo/ ! *ief membrane ( ! w+4 #da;,betwe5 ^!1 & ! r[ ( eight spots1 are two l>ge yell[ pat*es1 :i* ne>ly take up t middle space1 ) black t5dons cross+ !m l f9e ?reads4 ,po/]ior w+s1 next ! %\ld]s1 yell[1 cont9u+ to ab\t ! middle ( ! w+s4 ,ext]nal m>g9 soot-col\r$2 hav+ a broad b> ( yell[ above x1 ^: upp] side resembles a r[ ( ar*es4 ,above ?is is an irregul> black b>1 runn+ f ! ant]ior edges1 across ! w+s1 ) two small sc>let /reaks at ! anal angles4 ,on ?is b> is a r[ ( blue cresc5ts1 answ]+ to & plac$ j above ! ar*-l b> be=e-m5tion$2 & 9 ! c5tre is a fa9t m>k ( sc>let4 ,! cat]pill> ( ?is butt]fly fe$s ^u ! orange-trees1 f ,p>aguay to ,georgia4 ,its back is cov]$ ) l>ge irregul> :ite spots1 ) br[n m>ks1 :i* ext5d along ! middle & po/]ior p>ts ( ! body4 ,! *rysalis is ( a bright br[n1 ) sev]al black dots4 ,,papilio ,,s9on4 ,plate ,,xxii4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,papilionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,papilio1 ,auct4 ,,papilio ,,s9on4 ,alis nigris1 fasciis communibus viresc5ti-albis1 po/icis lunulis sex subm>g9alibus viresc5ti-albis anguloque ani rubro4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 f]e47 ,,syn4 ,papilio ,s9on1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #deb4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #bf4 #ge4 ,cram]1 tab4 #cag4 fig4 ,c4 ,d4 ,e4 ,f4 ,ency4 ,m?4 ix4 p4 #ec4 ,boisduv4 ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,lep4 #a4 p4 #bfj4 ,papilio 7,eq4 ,a*iv47 ,protesilaus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,florida1 ,cuba 7,boisduv474 ,nor? ,am]ica 7,enc4 ,m?474 ,upp] ,side4 ,! ?orax black2 ! hair !re( gre5i%4 ,abdom5 black4 ,all ! w+s black2 po/]ior ones be+ furni%$ ) two tails1 edg$ ) :ite4 ,close to ! %\ld]s1 9 ! ant]ior w+s1 rises a /ripe ( sea-gre51 :i* crosses ! inf]ior ones2 &1 runn+ p>allel ) ! abdom9al m>g91 ends ne> ! extremity ( ! body4 ,a little bel[ ?is is a small sc>let spot1 plac$ ne> ! anal angle2 ) two small] spots1 ( a gre5 col\r1 bel[ x4 ,at a little di/ance f ! %\ld]s1 a second gre5 /ripe1 r broad] ?an ! fir/1 beg9s at ! po/]ior edge ( ! ant]ior w+s1 & crosses ! inf]ior ones1 p>allel ) ! fir/1 be+ cont9u$ a little l[]4 ,on ! ant]ior w+s1 ab\t ! middle ( ! ant]ior edge1 rises a b>1 ( a f9e sea-gre5 col\r1 :i* cross+ bo? w+s1 t]m9ates at ! middle ( ! po/]ior1 be+ n>r[e/ at ea* end4 ,a r[ ( eight :ite spots runs p>allel ) ! ext]nal edge1 end+ at ! l[] corn]4 ,ne> ! ext]nal edges ( ! po/]ior w+s is plac$ a r[ ( five cresc5ts1 ( a gre5 col\r4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/ & abdom5 grey-col\r$4 ,ant]ior w+s light *esnut1 hav+ a d>k] cl\d ne> ! ant]ior angle4 ,all ! gre5 spots & m>ks1 se5 on ! upp] side1 are also visible "h4 ,! gr\nd ( ! po/]ior w+s is r pal] ?an ! ant]ior2 & ! gre5 m>ks & /ripes are r l>g] "h1 ?an on ! upp] side4 ,! sc>let spot1 on ! abdom9al edge1 is consid]ably l>g] on ?is side4 ,a sc>let /ripe also beg9s on ! ant]ior edge1 & fills completely ! space betwe5 ! broad gre5 b> & ! second /ripe1 m5tion$ above1 ext5d+ z l[ z ! extremity ( ! body4 ,! two scollops1 next ! abdom9al corn]1 are black2 :]eon appe> a few blue p[d]-l specks4 #db,m4 ,boisduval /ates t ,drury's figure is peu exacte4 ,x is true1 inde$1 t ! figure does n agree ) ! description giv5 by t au?or1 :o describes ! f\r? pale fascia z bifide dans la cellule discoidale des premires ailes4 ,! exact uni=mity 9 ! %ape ( ?is fascia1 9 bo? ( ,drury's figures1 r5d]s its correctness evid5t1 & consequ5tly ! insect figur$ by ,drury mu/ be reg>d$ z a v>iety ( ! species describ$ by ,boisduval4 ,,plate ,,xxiii4 ,illu/ration ,,noctua ,,melic]ta4 ,plate ,,xxiii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid4 ,,g5us4 ,,noctua1 ,auct4 ,,noctua ,,melic]ta4 ,alis anticis v>iegatis1 po/icis nigris1 fasci maculisque tribus m>g9alibus albis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,melic]ta1 ,drury1 ,app5d4 v4 #b4 ,cram]1 tab4 #fb4 fig4 ,c4 ,d48 ,noctua m]catoria1 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #b4 p4 #fb4 ,no4 #age48 ,gmel91 ,l9n41 ,s4 ,n4 #bedd4 #ajci4 ,noctua tigr9a1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #b4 p4 #dj4 ,no4 #aje4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #h4 #bgg4 #aca4 ,noctua vulp9a1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #b4 p4 #ci4 ,no4 #ajb4 ,phalna ,melic5e1 ,cram4 tab4 #cbc4 fig4 ,c4 ,d4 ,,habitat3 ,india1 ,bombay 7,drury74 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n fili=m4 ,tongue small & spiral4 ,?orax & abdom5 light br[n4 ,ant]ior w+s light greyi% br[n1 &1 :5 held 9 "s p>ticul> directions1 hav+ a hue l "m-(-pe>l4 ,sev]al irregul> b>s1 ( a deep] br[n1 cross ! w+s1 & ! ext]nal m>g9 is bord]$ ) pale purple or pe>l col\r4 ,po/]ior w+s d>k liv]-col\r$1 grey-br[n at ! base1 & hairy4 ,9 ! middle is a broad b>1 ( purpli% :ite1 runn+ across ! w+4 ,on ! ext]nal edge are ?ree :ite squ>e spots4 ,! ant]ior w+s are a little d5tat$2 ! inf]ior ones entire4 ,"u ,side4 ,palpi rem>kably long & po9t$4 ,ant]ior w+s d>k br[n2 ! ext]nal edge be+ purpli% grey1 ) a :iti% sep>at$ b>1 runn+ f ! middle ( ! ant]ior edge to ! int]ior angle4 ,po/]ior w+s light greyi% br[n1 pale/ at ! base1 & grey at ! ext]nal edge1 hav+ a d>k spot at ! anal angle1 & a small] fa9t "o ne> ! %\ld]s2 ) sev]al ind5t$ l9es cross+ ! w+s 9 diff]5t places4 ,fabricius appe>s to h describ$ ?is insect 9 8 ,entomologia ,sy/ematica1 "u ?ree diff]5t names4 ,x probably =ms ! type ( a di/9ct subg5us 9 ! family ,noctuid4 #dc;,,catocala ,,epione4 ,plate ,,xxiii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,catocala1 ,s*rank4 ,bleph>a1 ,hbn4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,l9n4 ,,catocala ,,epione4 ,alis anticis fuscis1 /rigis transv]sis d5tatis f]rug9eis et atris1 po/icis nigris1 cili alb4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,epione1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,encycl4 ,m?od4 #h4 #bhh4 ,no4 #aij4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york 7,drury74 ,philadelphia 7,i4 ,o4 ,w474 ,upp] ,side4 ,?orax & abdom5 ( a sooty a% col\r4 ,ant]ior w+s d>k *ocolate1 ) an undulat$ f]rug9\s l9e1 runn+ f ! ant]ior edge to ! po/]ior1 & ne> ! middle ( ! w+s2 ) sev]al o!r light] n v di/9ct m>ks !reon4 ,po/]ior w+s black2 cilia :ite4 ,"u ,side4 ,ant]ior w+s1 at ! base1 d>k a% col\r1 :i* z x ext5ds fur!r on ! w+s1 becomes black2 & next ! tips is soot-col\r$4 ,sev5 :ite spots run along ! ext]nal m>g94 ,above !m is a :ite l9e1 runn+ f ! ant]ior edge1 n>r[+ z x goes1 & end+ ne> ! po/]ior2 betwe5 :i* & ! %\ld]s is a r l>ge oblong :ite spot4 ,po/]ior w+s1 next ! %\ld]s & abdom9al edges1 v d>k a% col\r1 :i* deep5s along ! w+s to black2 cilia :ite4 ,a fa9t :ite /reak runs also a little way d[n ! w+ f ! ant]ior m>g94 ,all ! w+s are a little d5tat$4 ,,noctua ,,pales4 ,plate ,,xxiii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid4 ,,g5us4 ,,noctua1 ,auct4 ,,noctua ,,pales4 ,alis luteis1 anticis /rig transv]s punctoque apicali fuscis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,pales1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n fili=m4 ,tongue spiral4 ,head small4 ,?orax1 abdom51 & w+s light orange clay-col\r$1 )\t any m>k+s1 except on ! ant]ior w+s1 :]e a fa9ti% b> crosses ! middle2 &1 ne> ! tips ( ! w+s1 is a small d>k spot4 ,! w+s are entire4 ,"u ,side4 ,! same col\r z ! upp]1 immaculate4 ,,callimorpha8 ,,v9osa4 ,plate ,,xxiii4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,arctiid4 ,,g5us4 ,,callimorpha8 ,latr4 ,sph9x p4 ,drury4 ,,callimorpha8 ,,v9osa4 ,alis nigris subdiaphanis1 antic>um m>g9ibus anticis et po/icis rufo fulvis macul magn ext]n 79 m$io alb m>g9e nigro72 po/icis fasci subm>g9ali rufo-fulv4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 f]e47 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,v9osa1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,antigua4 #dd,upp] ,side4 ,! ant5n are black1 small1 & pect9at$4 ,! tongue n discov]able4 ,?orax & base ( abdom5 yell[ orange2 ! rema9d] ( ! abdom5 ru/y grey1 ) a black /ripe d[n ! top ( x4 ,ant]ior w+s black & transp>5t1 l gauze2 ! ant]ior & po/]ior m>g9s bord]$ ) orange4 ,! tips ( ! w+s are likewise broadly orange1 ?r\gh ! middle ( :i* runs a broad b> ( :ite1 f ! ant]ior to ! middle ( ! ext]nal edge1 :]e x is n>r[e/1 be+ edg$ ) black4 ,po/]ior w+s black1 & l gauze2 ! ext]nal edge hav+ a n>r[ orange /ripe runn+ f ! anal m>g91 half way to ! ext]ior angle4 ,! w+s are entire4 ,"u ,side4 ,! abdom5 is grey1 ) a black l9e runn+ f ! ?orax to ! tail4 ,ant]ior w+s n edg$ ) orange2 ! tips are black1 :]e ! :ite b> is pla9ly se51 hav+ an orange spot on ! edge1 ne> ! ext]nal & l[] corn]s4 ,po/]ior w+s z on ! upp] side4 ,?is insect seems to =m ! type ( a di/9ct subg5us betwe5 ,nud>ia & ,callimorpha4 ,,noctua ,,num]ia4 ,plate ,,xxiii4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,diurna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid4 ,,g5us4 ,,noctua1 ,auct4 ,,noctua ,,num]ia4 ,alis fuscis1 anticis vitt longitud9ali alb1 antic /rigis undulatis transv]sis2 po/icis macul ext]n alb4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,num]ia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n fili=m4 ,tongue spiral4 ,head1 ?orax1 & abdom5 f9e br[n4 ,ant]ior w+s f9e br[n1 ?r\gh ! middle ( :i* runs a small longitud9al b> ( :ite or pe>l1 beg9n+ j bel[ ! %\ld]s1 & los+ itself j bel[ ! tips4 ,above ?is b> ! w+s are wat]$ ) v>i\s m>ks ( d>k & light br[n4 ,beh9d x !y are ( a d>k] %ade1 except a spot ne> ! middle ( a yell[i% br[n4 ,po/]ior w+s d>k br[n1 ) two :ite m>ks on ! edges1 ab\t a ?ird ( an in* long2 beg9n+ on ! ant]ior edge1 & cross+ ! corn] to ! ext]nal edge4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/1 legs1 abdom51 & w+s greyi% br[n or russet1 ) "s fa9t1 d>k ind5t$ l9es runn+ across all ! w+s 9 diff]5t p>ts4 ,! :ite m>ks on ! edges ( ! po/]ior w+s are v visible on ?is side4 ,! w+s are entire4 ,,catocala ,,aff9is4 ,plate ,,xxiii4 fig4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,noctuid4 ,,g5us4 ,,catocala1 ,s*r4 ,bleph>a1 ,hbn4 ,phalna 7,noctua71 ,l9n4 ,,catocala ,,aff9is4 ,alis anticis fuscis maculis ord9>iis discoidalibus /rigisque d5tatis obscurioribus2 po/icis fulvis fasci c5trali m>g9eque po/ico lat nigris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ,p>anympha1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7excl4 syn4 ,l9nan47 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york2 tak5 on ! #bg? day ( ,july4 #de,upp] ,side4 ,! ?orax & ant]ior w+s d>k *ocolate1 ) a small1 n>r[1 irregul> black l9e cross+ ! w+s1 ne> ! ext]nal edge2 hav+ ne> x1 j above ! fr+e1 a r[ ( sev5 small grey spots4 ,po/]ior w+s pale orange2 hav+ a deep black bord]4 ,a r broad black l9e runs 9 a circul> direction f ! ant]ior edge1 ?r\gh ! middle ( ! w+s1 to ! l[] "p ( ! int]ior m>g94 ,at ! out] angle is a small spot ( a pale orange4 ,"u ,side4 ,ant]ior w+s at ! base ( a d>k clay col\r1 ) a l>ge yell[i% cl\d occupy+ all ! middle "p2 9 :i* is a l>ge black /reak runn+ across ! w+4 ,po/]ior w+s m>k$ z on ! upp] side1 b all ! col\rs fa9t]4 ,,plate ,,xxiv4 ,illu/ration ,,actias ,,luna4 ,plate ,,xxiv4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,bombycid4 ,,g5us4 ,,actias1 ,lea*4 ,saturnia1 ,s*rank4 ,attacus1 ,g]m>4 ,phalna 7,attacus71 ,l9n4 ,,actias ,,luna4 ,alis caudatis flavo-vir5tibus concoloribus1 ocello disci lunato1 m>g9e antico antic>um purpureo4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #e unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,attacus7 ,luna1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #haj4 ,no4 #e4 ,catesby ,c>ol9a1 #bnd vol4 p4 #he4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #dad4 ,no4 #bb4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bdjd4 #e4 ,abbot ,smi? ,ins4 ,georgia1 pl4 #dh4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #e4 #bi4 #bj4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 ,afr4 ,am4 ,lep4 pl4 #bb4 f4 #c4 ,lea* ,zool4 ,misc4 v4 #b4 7,actias ,l47 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,c>ol9a1 ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n br[n1 & /rongly pect9at$4 ,! head :ite1 small1 & almo/ hid "u ! %\ld]s & neck1 hav+ a small br[n r+ encircl+ x4 ,?orax pale yell[1 hav+ a *ocolate or d>k br[n l9e cross+ x1 p>allel ) ! m>g9s ( ! ant]ior w+s4 ,all ! w+s are ( a beautiful pea-gre5 col\r2 ! n]ves be+ ( a pale r$ br[n4 ,along ! ant]ior m>g9 ( ! ant]ior w+s runs a *ocolate l9e1 :i* is n>r[$ t[>ds ! tips4 ,ab\t an in* f ! %\ld]s spr+s f ?is l9e a small curv$ "o1 :i*1 b5d+ t[>ds ! middle ( ! w+1 t]m9ates 9 a small eye1 po9t$ 9 ! l[] "p1 ^: pupil is transp>5t l glass2 ! iris be+ p>tly r$ & p>tly black1 )9 :i* are semicircles ( :ite2 ext]nal m>g9 ( ! w+s1 r$ br[n2 ! po/]ior be+ :ite4 ,po/]ior w+s furni%$ ) two broad tails1 :i*1 at _! extremities1 appe> z if !y 7 crimp$2 _! ext]nal edges be+ r$ br[n4 ,9 ! middle ( ea* ( ^! w+s is likewise an eye1 simil> to1 b r l>g] ?an ^? 9 ! ant]ior ones4 ,abdom5 :ite4 ,"u ,side4 ,abdom5 :ite1 ! sides be+ ( a d>k clay col\r4 ,all ! w+s are ( ! same col\r z on ! upp] side2 ! n]ves be+ br[n] & m conspicu\s1 )\t ! br[n edge on ! ant]ior pair2 ! eyes !mselves are ! same z on t side4 ,! ant]ior m>g9 ( ! inf]ior w+s is :ite1 & ! eyes /rongly resemble ^? ( an animal hav+ !m half %ut4 ,drury's correspond5t in=m$ him t ! cat]pill> ( ?is h&some mo? is r$1 & fe$s on ! leaves ( ! sassafras tree4 ,:5 !y are full-f$ !y inclose !mselves 9 a /rong case compos$ ( ! sub/ance ( ! tree1 & a glut9\s matt] :i* !y secrete4 ,!y appe> 9 ,june & ,augu/4 ,! cat]pill>1 h[ev]1 figur$ by ,abbot is gre51 ) %ort hairs scatt]$ ov] ! body1 & ) ab\t eight small r$ #dfspots on ea* segm5t1 plac$ transv]sely4 ,?is au?or also /ates t x fe$s ^u ! sweet gum 7,liquidamb> /yraciflua1 ,l9n471 diff]5t k9ds ( walnut1 & ! ,p]simon 7,diospyros ,virg9iana74 ,"o ( !m spun up on ! #ca/ ( ,may1 & came out on ! #h? ( ,june2 ano!r on ! #bcrd ( ,june1 & came out on ! #aj? ( ,july2 & a ?ird1 :i* did n sp9 up until ! #f? ( ,septemb]1 rema9$ 9 ! *rysalis till ! #crd ( ,m>*4 ,x cont9ues bre$+ ?r\gh\t ! summ]1 b is n v pl5tiful4 ,,deiopeia ,,ornatrix4 ,plate ,,xxiv4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,li?osiid4 ,,g5us4 ,,deiopeia1 ,/eph5s4 ,eu*elia1 ,boisduval4 ,eyprepia p4 ,o*s4 ,,deiopeia ,,ornatrix4 ,alis convolutis albidis1 antic>um m>g9e rubro atropunctato1 po/icis albo nigroque v>iis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,noctua7 ornatrix1 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #b4 #hci4 ,no4 #aaj4 ,bombyx ornatrix1 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #dhj4 ,no4 #bbe4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bddd4 #aaj4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #e4 #ajj4 ,no4 #beh4 ,,habitat3 ,antigua 7,drury74 ,am]ica 7,l9n4 ,fabr474 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n black1 fili=m4 ,head ) a black frontal spot2 tongue spiral4 ,?orax fle%-col\r$1 ) small black spots4 ,ant]ior w+s f9e fle%-col\r$2 ! ant]ior edges be+ bord]$ ) sc>let1 except f\r small :ite places1 9 ea* ( :i* is a small black spot2 ne> ! base is a r$ cordate spot1 ) a small black "o above x2 ne> ! ext]nal m>g9 is a r[ ( small black spots2 above ?is is a r[ ( r$ ones1 ne>ly jo9+ toge!r1 & ne>ly unit$ to ! r$ bord] at ! ant]ior edge1 & above ?is is ano!r r[ ( black ones4 ,po/]ior w+s cle> :ite1 _! ext]nal edges ) l>ge angul> spots ( black1 "o ( !m runn+ to ! ant]ior edge4 ,"u ,side4 ,ant]ior w+s f9e deep sc>let1 b next ! %\ld]s :ite1 z is ! cilia1 :]e1 jo9+ to x1 is a r[ ( v small black spots2 a little above ?is is a black irregul> l9e1 runn+ f ! ant]ior edge to ! l[] angle2 above ?is l9e is ano!r1 %ort]1 rea*+ half way across ! w+s4 ,po/]ior w+s cle> :ite1 spott$ ) ! same black angul> spots1 z on ! upp] side2 ! ant]ior edges be+ ( ! same sc>let col\r z ! sup]ior w+s4 ,,deiopeia ,,bella4 ,plate ,,xxiv4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,nocturna4 ,,family3 ,li?osiid4 ,,g5us4 ,,deiopeia1 ,/eph5s4 ,eu*elia4 ,boisduval4 ,eyprepia p4 ,o*s4 ,,deiopeia ,,bella4 ,alis anticis albidis1 fasciis sex punctorum nigrorum fasciis fulvis divisis2 po/icis rubris apice nigris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,phalna 7,t9ea7 bella1 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #b4 #hhd4 ,no4 #cdh4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #dgi4 ,no4 #bbc4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bddg4 #cdh4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #e4 #ii4 #bef4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 #dg,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n black & fili=m4 ,head ) a small black spot betwe5 ! ant5n4 ,?orax & abdom5 :ite2 on ! =m] are sev]al small black spots4 ,ant]ior w+s ( a f9e yell[1 ) sev]al :ite1 n>r[1 irregul> b>s cross+ !m2 hav+ on ea* sev]al small black spots2 cilia :ite1 & above x is a r[ ( small black spots t almo/ jo9s x4 ,po/]ior w+s fa9t sc>let1 ext]nally edg$ ) a n>r[ black bord]2 cilia :ite4 ,"u ,side4 ,! ant]ior w+s f9e sc>let1 incl9+ along ! ant]ior edge to yell[2 :]e are sev]al angul> black spots1 ea* l5g!n+ z x approa*es ! tips2 along ! ext]nal m>g9 is a r[ ( small black spots4 ,po/]ior w+s sc>let1 edg$ ) ! same black bord] z on ! upp] side2 on ! ant]ior edge are two :ite spots1 ) black ones 9 _! c5tres4 ,9 ! ',sy/ema ,natur' ?is & ! prec$+ mo/ ne>ly alli$ species 7 plac$ f> ap>t 9 ! g5]a ,noctua & ,t9ea4 ,?is species appe>s 9 ,may & ,augu/4 ,! cat]pill> is ( ! same col\rs z ! ant]ior w+ ( ! mo?1 & fe$s on ! blue lup9e4 ,,plate ,,xxv4 ,illu/ration ,,sph9x ,,c>ol9a4 ,plate ,,xxv4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,sph9x1 ,auct4 ,,sph9x ,,c>ol9a4 ,alis anticis fusco c9]eoque v>iis1 po/icis fasciis #c-d fuscis ext]ioribus d5tatis2 cili albo nigroque v>i1 abdom9e maculis #aj-ab lat]alibus luteis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #e unc47 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,c>ol9a1 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #b4 #gih4 ,no4 #g4 ,br[n4 ,jam4 #dch4 t4 #dc4 f4 #ag4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cfc4 ,no4 #be4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcgg4 ,no4 #g4 ,/eph5s ,ill4 ,brit4 ,ent4 ,h4 #a4 #aah4 ,abbot ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georg4 tab4 #cc4 ,curtis ,brit4 ,ent4 v4 pl4 #a4 #aig4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n int]nally :ite1 b ext]nally br[n4 ,! head1 ?orax1 & abdom5 ( a ru/y grey br[n2 ! sides ( ! latt] hav+ five oblong yell[ spots1 int]sect$ by black l9es1 on ea* ( :i* is a small :ite spot plac$ betwe5 ! yell[ ones4 ,ant]ior w+s ru/y grey br[n1 ) a :ite spot at ! base1 & ano!r small discoidal :ite "o2 a n>r[ irregul> ind5t$ l9e ( :ite beg9s ne> ! int]ior angle1 & runs ne>ly to ! tip2 sev]al ind5t$ l9es1 ne>ly black1 cross ! w+s1 m or less di/9ct4 ,cilia br[n1 spott$ ) :ite4 ,po/]ior w+s br[n1 d>ke/ 9 ! middle1 ! %\ld]s be+ ne>ly black1 ) an ind5t$ n>r[ b> ( a% col\r runn+ across !m1 f ! middle ( ! ant]ior edges to ! anal angle2 bel[ ?is is a n>r[ black "o1 answ]+ & jo9+ to x4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/ & abdom5 a%-col\r$4 ,ant]ior w+s br[n1 )\t any m>ks or %ades1 except two v fa9t undulat$ d>k l9es cross+ !m4 ,po/]ior w+s1 next ! body1 a%-col\r$2 ! rema9d] be+ l ! ant]ior1 ) "s fa9t d>k l9es cross+ !m4 ,accord+ to ,abbot ! cat]pill> is pale gre51 ) :ite lat]al oblique /ripes1 & a p9k tail4 ,x is said to fe$ on ! potato1 tobacco1 r$ pepp] 7,capsicum871 c4 ,"o ( ^! cat]pill>s1 obs]v$ by ,abbot1 w5t into ! gr\nd on ! #ai? ( ,june1 & came out on ! #ae? ( ,july2 :il/ ano!r w5t 9 on ! #h? ( ,july1 & came out #dhon ! #a/ ( ,augu/4 ,! cat]pill> is /at$ by ! same au?or to be v de/ructive 9 plantations ( tobacco1 ! cultivators be+ oblig$ to pick !m c>efully (f ! "y plants4 ,! *rysalis is ( a *esnut col\r1 ) a long ne>ly /raight tongue case1 ext5d+ to ! middle ( ! brea/1 & clubb$ at ! end4 ,! mo? is g5]ally se5 9 an ev5+1 suck+ ! ,james-t[n we$ & g\rd blossoms1 & cont9ues bre$+ all ! summ]2 ! mo? is common 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 z well z 9 ,georgia & ,c>ol9a4 ,dr4 ,br[n says x is call$ ! musquito hawk1 f its appe>+ at t "t ( ! ev5+ :5 ^? insects ab\nd1 & be+ vulg>ly b errone\sly suppos$ to prey ^u !m4 ,abbot & ,smi?1 loc4 cit4 ,specim5s ( ?is ,am]ican insect h f "t to "t be5 captur$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x unque/ionably _c1 h[ev] obs]ves ,mr4 ,/eph5s1 be consid]$ z indig5\s1 & ought to be rigidly exclud$ f our cab9ets2 o!rwise ! mo/ p]plex+ consequ5ces mu/ inevitably arise1 to ! total confusion ( our inquiries into ! geographical di/ribution ( insects4 ,if ?is be admitt$1 z well might '! noble mon>* ( ! =e/1' because a captive lioness :i* _h escap$ f h] prison 0 retak5 on ,salisbury ,pla94 ,,syntomis ,,phegea4 ,plate ,,xxv4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia48 ,,family3 ,zygnid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,syntomis1 ,illig]4 ,,zyg,,na1 ,rossi4 ,fabr4 ,sph9x1 ,l9n4 ,,syntomis ,,phegea4 ,viridi-atra al>um punctis f5e/ratis1 antic>um sex1 po/ic>um duobus2 abdom9e c+ulo luteo4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,phegea1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #hje4 #ce4 ,god4 ,lepid4 du ,franc4 pl4 #bb4 f4 #ad4 ,zygna ,qu]cs1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #chh4 ,no4 #f4 ,syntomis ,qu]cs1 ,latr4 ,g5]a ,cru/4 et ,ins4 #d4 p4 #bac4 ,sph9x du ,piss5lit1 ,engram ,pap4 d',eur4 ,,habitat3 ,g]many4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n black1 fili=m1 ) ! tips :ite4 ,head & ?orax black4 ,abdom5 d>k gre51 almo/ black2 on ! top1 next ! ?orax1 is a deep yell[ spot l gold1 & ne> ! extremity a r+ ( ! same gold5 yell[ ext5ds j bel[ ! sides4 ,ant]ior w+s d>k gre52 hav+ six transp>5t spots1 "o next ! %\ld]s1 two 9 ! middle1 & ?ree next ! tips4 ,po/]ior w+s ( ! same col\r z ! sup]ior1 ) two transp>5t spots on !m4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/ & abdom5 d>k gre52 on ea* side ! brea/ are two gold5 yell[ spots4 ,all ! w+s are col\r$ & m>k$ z on ! upp] side4 #di;,,glaucopis ,,f5e/rata4 ,plate ,,xxv4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia8 ,,family3 ,zygnid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,glaucopis1 ,fabr4 ,*>idea1 ,dalm4 ,sph9x1 ,l9n4 ,,glaucopis ,,f5e/rata4 ,alis anticis nigris1 macul magn discoidali f]e ocellat f5e/rat1 po/icis f5e/ratis m>g9e nigro1 p$ibus palpisque cocc9eis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,f5e/rata1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n ne>ly black1 & pect9at$4 ,head & eyes black4 ,palpi small & long1 & ( a f9e sc>let4 ,tongue spiral4 ,?orax bluei% gre51 almo/ black4 ,abdom5 d>k br[n4 ,ant]ior w+s ! same1 ! middle "p be+ p]fectly transp>5t l glass1 :]e9 is a d>k cl\d :i* is jo9$ to ! ant]ior m>g94 ,po/]ior w+s small1 transp>5t1 ) a d>k br[n n>r[ bord] runn+ r\nd _! edges1 :i* at ! upp] corn]s is broad :]e x becomes cl\d-l4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/ d>k br[n4 ,legs & ?ighs sc>let1 :i* col\r ext5ds along ! middle ( ! abdom51 almo/ to ! tail1 :]e x becomes a little fa9t]1 be+ cross$ by ! r+s ( ! abdom51 :i* are black & v n>r[4 ,all ! w+s ( ! same col\r z on ! upp] side4 ,,sph9x ,,c+ulata4 ,plate ,,xxv4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,sph9x1 ,auct4 ,,sph9x ,,c+ulata4 ,alis anticis c9]eo atroque undatis1 puncto p>vo discoidali2 po/icis nigro fasciatis1 basi sangu9eis1 abdom9is fasciis alt]nis int]ruptis sangu9eis et atris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,c+ulata1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cie4 ,no4 #ef4 ,sph9x ,convolvuli v>4 ,drury1 ,app5d4 vol4 #b4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcgf4 ,no4 #f47 ,abbot & ,smi? ,ins4 ,georg4 #a4 tab4 #cb4 ,,habitat3 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n :ite on "o side1 & br[n on ! o!r4 ,?orax d>k br[n1 ) sev]al curv$ l9es runn+ across x f "o %\ld] to ! o!r4 ,! abdom51 on ! upp] "p is beautifully encircl$ ) five r+s ( rose col\r1 & six ( black1 ext5d+ to its sides1 hav+ on ! top ( x a l9e ( a ru/y br[n1 :i* runs f ! base to ! extremity4 ,ant]ior w+s br[n *esnut1 m>k$ ) light] & d>k] cl\ds1 "s ( :i* are almo/ black2 hav+ a light] spot ne> ! middle1 & n f> f ! ant]ior m>g94 ,po/]ior w+s at ! base black1 b along ! ext]nal edges ( a grey br[n1 ! middle be+ occupi$ by ?ree b>s ( r$1 a%1 & fa9t rose col\rs1 sep>at$ by ?ree black wav$ l9es cross+ !m f ! ant]ior to ! int]ior4 ,cilia br[n spott$ ) :ite4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/ & abdom5 a%-col\r$2 along ! latt] are five d>k spots 7! middle ones ! l>ge/7 plac$ at ! bottom ( ! five segm5ts ne> ! brea/4 ,ant]ior w+s d>k hazel1 immaculate4 ,po/]ior w+s ( ! same col\r along ! ant]ior & ext]nal m>g9s2 b next ! %\ld]s & inn] edges are ( a grey a% col\r2 a d>k col\r$ l9e beg9s ne> ! anal angle1 #ej:]e x is almo/ black1 & runs across ! w+1 end+ at ! middle ( ! ant]ior edge2 f :5ce to ! middle x resembles a r[ ( ar*es jo9$ toge!r4 ,! cat]pill> ( ?is insect1 accord+ to ,abbot & ,smi?1 is br[n1 ) f\r dorsal d>k fle%-col\r$ l9es1 & a s]ies ( %ort lat]al oblique cream-col\r$ m>ks unit$ toge!r ov] ! legs4 ,x fe$s ^u ! sweet potatoe plant 7,convolvulus ,batatas1 ,l9n471 & is sometimes frequ5t ?\gh ! mo? is r>e4 ,! *rysalis is *esnut1 ) a long curv$ tongue case1 ! extremity ( :i* is recurv$4 ,x is (t5 dug up ) ! potatoes4 ,9 ,virg9ia "o ( ^! insects buri$ itself ,octob] #crd1 & came =? 9 ! p]fect /ate on ! #cj? ( ,may2 :il/ "o obs]v$ 9 ,georgia w5t into ! gr\nd on ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 & came out ! #aa? ( ,septemb]4 ,?is species 0 consid]$ by ,drury & ,smi? z a climatal v>iety ( ! ,europan ,sph9x ,convolvuli4 ,fabricius1 h[ev]1 consid]$ x di/9ct1 & designat$ x by ! specific "n adopt$ above4 ,,plate ,,xxvi4 ,illu/ration ,,glaucopis ,,polym5a4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia8 ,,family3 ,zygnid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,glaucopis1 ,fabr4 ,sph9x1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,glaucopis ,,polym5a4 ,nigra1 alis maculis luteis1 anticis tribus1 po/icis duabus2 abdom9e c+ulis cocc9eis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 f]e #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,polym5a1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #hjf4 ,no4 #dj4 ,cram4 ,ins4 t4 #ac4 f4 ,d4 ,zygna ,polym5a1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cif4 ,no4 #cd4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcid4 #dj4 7,sph9x47 ,,habitat3 ,*9a4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n black & pect9at$1 be+ smalle/ at _! extremities2 betwe5 !m is a :ite r\nd spot plac$ on ! front ( ! head2 above !m1 on ! neck1 is a r\nd spot ( bright sc>let4 ,?orax black4 ,! fir/ segm5t ( ! abdom5 sc>let2 ! two next are black1 v]g$ on _! l[] edges ) a beautiful sky blue col\r2 beh9d ?is ! abdom5 is ( a f9e v]milion1 sep>at$ by two small black l9es1 ! extremity be+ black4 ,ant]ior w+s d>k br[n1 hav+ next ! %\ld]s a small spot ( %9+ blue1 & ?ree spots ( a deep yell[2 ! two l>ge/ ( :i* appe> z if divid$ by ! t5dons1 :i* are black & run across !m4 ,po/]ior w+s d>k br[n1 ) two deep yell[ spots2 ! small] "o ne> ! %\ld]s1 ! o!r ne> ! middle4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/ black1 spott$ ) :ite at ! base4 ,! abdom5 d>k br[n at ! base1 beh9d :i* is pale r$ t+$ ) :ite2 ! extremity d>k br[n4 ,anus pale r$4 ,! w+s are ! same col\r z on ! upp] side4 #ea,,syntomis ,,c]b]a4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia8 ,,family3 ,zygnid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,syntomis1 ,fabr4 ,sph9x1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,syntomis ,,c]b]a4 ,viridi-atra1 alis anticis punctis sex f5e/ratis1 po/icis duobus1 abdom9e c+ulis duobus sangu9eis 7po/ico latissimo74 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,c]b]a1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #hjf4 #ch4 ,cram]1 tab4 #hc4 fig4 ,f4 ,zygna ,c]b]a1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cia4 ,no4 #af4 ,sph9x ,c]b]a1 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcic4 #ch4 ,syntomis ,c]b]a1 ,boisduv4 ,monogr4 ,zygn4 pl4 #g4 f4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n & head black4 ,?orax & abdom5 %9+ bluei% gre52 ! latt] hav+ on ! middle ?ree r+s ( sc>let ext5d+ f side to side1 b n meet+ und]nea?4 ,ant]ior w+s d>k gre51 ) six transp>5t spots l glass on !m2 ! smalle/1 ne> ! base1 is r\nd2 ?ree o!rs1 plac$ next ! ext]nal m>g91 are oblong2 ! o!r two1 :i* are 9 ! middle1 are oval & triangul>4 ,po/]ior w+s d>k gre51 ) two transp>5t spots2 ! l>ge/ next ! %\ld]s2 ! o!r1 :i* is r\nd & small1 beyond ! middle4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/1 abdom51 & legs %9+ maz>9e blue1 incl9+ to gre52 on ! =m] is a small r$ spot1 close to ! %\ld]s ( ! sup]ior w+s4 ,! h9d] legs h "o jo9t :ite4 ,w+s ( ! same col\r z on ! upp] side4 ,,deilephila ,,*iron4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,deilephila1 ,o*s5heim]4 ,spectrum p4 ,scop4 ,sph9x p4 ,l9n4 ,,deilephila ,,*iron4 ,alis anticis ca/aneis1 fasci obliqu pallid utr9que fusco m>g9at1 po/icis nigris maculis qu9que albidis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,*iron1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n & head *esnut2 a fle%-col\r$ l9e encircles ! eyes1 runn+ to ! %\ld]s1 :]e x becomes :ite4 ,?orax *esnut4 ,abdom5 r pal] on ! top2 und]nea? v light clay col\r4 ,ant]ior w+s sorrel *esnut1 hav+ two fa9t oblique wav$ l9es cross+ !m f ! tips to ! middle ( ! po/]ior edges1 :]e is a small cl\d ! col\r ( blue clay1 & next ! %\ld]s is a small n>r[ cream-col\r$ m>k4 ,po/]ior w+s d>k br[n1 ) a r[ ( yell[ cream-col\r$ spots runn+ f ! anal angle t[>ds ! middle ( ! ant]ior m>g94 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/ & abdom5 v pale clay col\r4 ,ant]ior w+s at ! base pale clay-col\r$1 t[>ds ! middle d>k]2 f !nce to ! tips prettily cl\d$ ) orange & clay-col\r$ m>ks1 divid$ by d>k l9es1 & _m small d>k br[n spots4 ,po/]ior w+s along ! int]ior m>g9 clay-col\r$1 & along ! extreme "p ( ! ant]ior edges ! same2 ! rema9d] ( ! w+s dull orange1 fa9tly %ad$ & spott$ ) br[n m>ks & dots4 #eb,,zyg,,na8 ,,!tis4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia8 ,,family3 ,zygnid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,zyg,,na8 ,fabr4 ,an?roc]a1 ,scop4 ,sph9x1 ,drury4 ,,zyg,,na8 ,,!tis4 ,co]ulea1 ?orace antic rubro punctato1 alis nigris1 anticis apice1 po/icis disco1 hyal9is4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #a unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,!tis1 ,l9n4 ,mantiss4 #a4 #eci4 ,zygna ,!tis1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cia4 ,no4 #ag4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcic4 #aae4 7,sph9x ,t47 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n black4 ,head & ?orax black4 ,on ! neck are two small sc>let spots j above ! eyes1 & "o on ea* side bel[ !m4 ,abdom5 silv]y %9+ blue1 hav+ a triangul> black m>k at ! base4 ,ant]ior w+s dirty black1 immaculate2 tips :iti%4 ,po/]ior w+s dirty black1 ) a :ite discoidal transp>5t cl\d4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/ & sides dirty black4 ,abdom5 :ite2 its sides & tip dirty black4 ,w+s ( ! same col\r z on ! upp] side4 ,,macroglossa ,,zonata4 ,plate ,,xxvi4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sesiid1 ,/eph4 ,,g5us4 ,,macroglossa1 ,o*s4 ,macroglossum1 ,scop4 ,sph9x1 ,fabr4 ,drury4 ,,macroglossa ,,zonata4 ,alis nigricantibus1 anticis punctis tribus subapicalibus1 abdom9isque fasci albis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,zonata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n d>k br[n1 hook$ at ! extremities2 ! "u sides be+ pal]4 ,?orax & abdom5 d>k greyi% br[n2 ! extremity ( ! latt] broad & hairy1 ) a :ite transv]se c5tral fascia2 betwe5 :i* & ! extremity are ?ree small lat]al :ite spots4 ,ant]ior w+s v d>k br[n1 ) ?ree transp>5t m9ute spots beyond ! middle2 above :i*1 ne> ! ant]ior m>g91 is a s+le black "o4 ,po/]ior w+s d>k br[n1 immaculate4 ,"u ,side4 ,! middle ( ! abdom5 at ! base a%-col\r$1 ext5d+ ab\t half way1 n>r[+ gradually2 ! middle ( ea* ( ! segm5ts be+ ! same4 ,po/]ior w+s col\r$ z on ! upp] side2 ! po/]ior1 along ! int]ior m>g9 to ! %\ld]s1 be+ a%-col\r$4 ,,plate ,,xxvii4 ,illu/ration ,,sph9x ,,alope4 ,plate ,,xxvii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,sph9x1 ,auct4 ,,sph9x ,,alope4 ,alis d5tatis fuscis1 /rigis d5tatis nigris1 po/icis fulvis apice lat nigris2 abdom9e nigro c+ulis int]ruptis pallidis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,alope1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cram]1 #bf4 tab4 #cja4 fig4 ,g4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cfb4 ,no4 #bj4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcge4 #fb4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 #ec,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n r$ br[n above1 :ite und]nea?4 ,head & ?orax d>k br[n2 head & ?orax ) a black dorsal l9e4 ,abdom5 encircl$ ) r+s ( br[n & d>k a% col\r1 divid$ on ! top by a d>k a%-col\r$ l9e runn+ f ! ?orax to ! extremity4 ,po/]ior w+s d>k br[n col\r$1 hav+ "s d>k irregul> l9es1 almo/ black1 cross+ !m f ! ant]ior to ! po/]ior m>g91 & a r[ ( small black angul> m>ks runn+ along _! ext]nal m>g92 ^! w+s are a little d5tat$4 ,po/]ior w+s yell[1 ) a deep black bord]4 ,"u ,side4 ,abdom5 d>k a%-col\r$4 ,ant]ior w+s br[n1 spott$ along _! ext]nal edges ) long yell[i% spots4 ,po/]ior w+s br[n1 ) a deep bord]2 ! middle ( ! w+s & abdom9al edges be+ yell[2 a n>r[ black ind5t$ l9e beg9s at ! abdom9al corn]s1 & cross+ ! w+s ends at ! ant]ior m>g9 bel[ ! middle4 ,fabricius1 on ! au?ority ( ,dr4 ,pflug1 /ates t ?is insect frequ5ts ! ,c>ica ,papaya4 ,! l>va is tail$1 )\t hairs1 ! back c9]e\s ant]iorly1 ) a broad fascia ( a br[n col\r1 ocellat$ 9 ! middle & end+ 9 a black spot4 ,! *rysalis is br[n1 ) r$ annuli & /ri4 ,,sph9x ,,p9a/ri4 ,plate ,,xxvii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,sph9x1 ,auct4 ,,sph9x ,,p9a/ri4 ,alis c9]eis1 anticis l9eolis tribus conf]tis nigris2 abdom9e fusco1 c+ulis atris supr albo m>g9atis et dorso int]ruptis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,p9a/ri1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #hib4 ,no4 #bb4 ,sepp4 ,ins4 #c4 #bc4 t4 #e4 ,roesel4 ,ins4 ,belu/4 #a4 ,phal4 #a4 t4 #f4 ,donov4 ,engl4 ,ins4 ix4 #aj4 pl4 #bif4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cfg4 ,no4 #ce4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bche4 #bb4 ,/eph5s ,illu/4 ,brit4 ,ent4 ,hau/4 #a4 #aba4 ,,habitat3 ,g]many 7,drury74 ,engl&1 & o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n :ite on "o side1 & br[n on ! o!r4 ,head & ?orax br[n grey2 ! latt] at ! base be+ a%-col\r$1 hav+ a black l9e runn+ on ea* side4 ,abdom5 br[n grey1 encircl$ ) r+s ( a dirty black1 divid$ on ! top by a broad l9e ( br[n grey1 ?r\gh :i* runs a black l9e f ! base to ! extremity4 ,ant]ior w+s br[n grey1 ) ?ree %ort black l9es 9 ! middle ( ea* w+2 at ! tips rises ano!r irregul> n>r[ black l9e1 runn+ t[>ds ! middle ( ! w+1 & *equ]$ ) :ite & black4 ,po/]ior w+s br[n grey1 immaculate1 be+ a little pal] t[>ds ! %\ld]s2 ! w+s are entire4 ,cilia alt]nately black & :ite4 ,"u ,side4 ,! brea/ & abdom5 are a%-col\r$4 ,all ! w+s br[n grey1 immaculate4 ,cilia spott$ z above4 ,?is insect is atta*$ to ! p9e1 & is consequ5tly f\nd 9 ! great =e/s 9 ,g]many1 & o!r p>ts ( ,cont95tal ,europe4 ,?is acc\nts = its sc>city 9 ,engl&1 & = its hav+ be5 occasionally f\nd 9 ! p9e =e/s ( ,scotl& by ,dr4 ,lea* & ,mr4 ,wilson4 ,! l>va is describ$ by ,mr4 ,/eph5s z be+ entirely yell[ 9 its fir/ sk91 9 ! second gre5 ) yell[ /ripes1 9 ! ?ird deep] gre51 ) ?ree longitud9al lemon-yell[ l9es on ea* side1 & f9ally ( a ri* gre5 ) a #ed;br[n dorsal l9e2 ! sides ) two deep yell[ ones2 ! ant]ior & fir/ segm5t ( ! body yell[1 ! latt] spott$ ) black2 ! horn1 :i* 0 previ\sly /raight1 becomes curv$ & black4 ,x fe$s on v>i\s species ( p9e1 z ,p9us abies1 sylve/ris1 ,/robus1 c4 ,! *rysalis is d>k br[n1 *ang+ to m>oon2 ! tongue-%ea? is %ort4 ,,sph9x ,,ello4 ,plate ,,xxvii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,sph9x1 ,auct4 ,,sph9x ,,ello4 ,alis subd5tatis c9]eis2 po/icis rufis m>g9e nigro2 abdom9e pallido c+ulis 7dorso int]ruptis7 nigris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,ello1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 p4 #hjj4 ,no4 #ac4 ,cram]1 tab4 #cja4 fig4 ,d4 ,m]ian ,sur94 t4 #fa4 f4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cfb4 ,no4 #ba4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcge4 #ac4 ,,habitat3 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s 7,drury74 ,sur9am 7,mad4 ,m]ian74 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n :ite on "o side1 & br[n on ! o!r4 ,head & ?orax a%-col\r$2 ! latt] hav+ "s fa9t n>r[ dorsal & lat]al black l9es4 ,abdom5 a%-col\r$1 encircl$ ) black r+s ext5d+ to its sides1 divid$ on ! top by an a%-col\r$ l9e4 ,ant]ior w+s d5tat$ & a%-col\r$1 hav+ an irregul> %ade ( black & d>k br[n runn+ f ! tips to ! %\ld]s1 & a few small black spots disp]s$ on diff]5t p>ts ( ! w+s4 ,po/]ior w+s r$1 ) a black bord]4 ,cilia r$di% :ite4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/1 ?ighs1 legs1 & abdom5 a%-col\r$4 ,ant]ior w+s1 9 ! middle1 f]rug9\s2 b t[>d ! ext]nal edges & ! tips dirty r$ br[n4 ,po/]ior w+s next ! %\ld]s & int]ior m>g9 a%-col\r$1 b 9 ! middle ( a r$di% col\r2 along ! ant]ior m>g9 !y are ( a br[n grey1 & along ! ext]nal m>g9 !y are ( a dirty r$ br[n4 ,^! w+s are a little d5tat$4 ,,plate ,,xxviii4 ,illu/ration ,,sph9x ,,vitis4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,sph9x1 ,auct4 ,,sph9x ,,vitis4 ,alis anticis olivaceo-fuscis1 fasci1 vitt l9eisque pallidis2 po/icis c9]eis fasci nigr m>g9eque roseo4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc47 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,vitis1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #hja4 ,no4 #af4 ,m]ian ,sur94 tab4 #dg4 f4 #a4 ,cram4 ,ins4 tab4 #bfg4 fig4 ,c4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cfi4 ,no4 #da4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bchj4 #af4 ,abbot & ,smi?1 ,ins4 ,georgia1 #a1 t4 #dj4 ,,habitat3 ,antigua1 ,jamaica1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s 7,drury74 ,9 vit ,am]ices 7,l9n474 ,magnolia glauca 7,fabr474 ,jussia erecta 7,abbot & ,smi?74 ,upp] ,side4 ,head & ?orax d>k fle%-col\r$2 on ! latt]1 ne> ! neck1 is a long spot ( olive br[n1 ) ano!r on ea* side4 ,abdom5 d>k fle%-col\r$1 hav+ two olive br[n /reaks above1 ext5d+ f ! base to ! extremity1 be+ int]sect$ by n>r[ fle%-col\r$ annuli or #eer+s4 ,! gr\nd ( ! ant]ior w+s is a f9e olive br[n2 a fle%-col\r$ b> beg9s at ! tips1 & runn+ p>allel ) ! ant]ior m>g9 at ! middle ( ! w+1 divides into two bran*es1 "o cont9ues to ! %\ld] m>g91 ! o!r t]m9ates at ! middle ( ! po/]ior m>g92 on ! upp] "p ( ! b> is plac$ a small fle%-col\r$ m>k1 discoidal1 ! middle be+ black2 ne> ! tips arises also f ! upp] side a second small] bran*1 :i* runs to ! ant]ior edge1 :i*1 ) ! ext]nal m>g91 has a n>r[ bord] ( a ru/y clay col\r4 ,po/]ior w+s ) _! ext]nal edges bord]$ ) r$2 above :i* is a black b>1 ext5d+ f ! ant]ior edge to ! anal angle1 :]e x is mu* fa9t]2 ! inn] m>g9 also r$1 ) a l>ge black pat* !reon4 ,! upp] p>ts ( ! w+s are ( a bluei% a% col\r4 ,n]ves pale4 ,"u ,side4 ,brea/1 ?ighs1 & abdom5 d>k fle%-col\r$4 ,! col\rs ( all ! w+s on ?is side are fa9t1 be+ pr9cipally ( a clay col\r2 ! inf]ior ones1 next ! abdom9al edges1 be+ t+$ ) r$4 ,! cat]pill> ( ?is beautiful ,sph9x is rem>kable = hav+ only a slight protub]ance at ! extremity ( ! body 9 place ( ! erect sp9e or tail1 :i* is possess$ by ! majority ( ! cat]pill>s ( ! ,sph+id4 ,x is ( a pale yell[i% col\r1 ) num]\s sl5d] transv]se black l9es1 & :ite oblique lat]al m>ks direct$ t[>ds ! head4 ,its food is v v>i\s4 ,"o1 obs]v$ by ,abbot1 w5t into ! gr\nd on ! #ad? ( ,augu/1 & came out on ! #g? ( ,septemb]2 :il/ ano!r :i* w5t 9 on ! #bi? ( ,septemb]1 did n come out until ! #ah? ( ,july foll[+4 ,! mo? is r>e2 b may occasionally be se5 suck+ ! g\rd blossoms 9 ! ev5+4 ,! *rysalis has a po9t$ tail1 b is de/itute ( a porrect$ tongue-case4 ,,?yreus ,,lugubris4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,?yreus1 ,swa9s4 ,zool4 ,illu/r4 vol4 #a4 ,,?yreus ,,lugubris4 ,alis brunneis1 anticis /rigis undatis p>allelis punctoque subocell>i atris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,lugubris1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 #b4 #ecg4;,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cef4 ,no4 #e4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcgb4 #ej4 ,abbot & ,smi? ,ins4 ,georg4 #a4 t4 #cj4 ,swa9son ,zool4 ,illu/r4 #a/ ,s]ies1 vol4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,antigua 7,drury74 ,georgia 7,abbot74 ,upp] ,side4 ,ant5n1 head1 ?orax1 & abdom5 d>k br[n4 ,! tail v broad & hairy4 ,all ! w+s d>k br[n *esnut2 hav+ v few di/9ct m>ks or l9es1 except ! ant]ior pair1 :i* h a small black discoidal spot1 & a v n>r[ l9e next ! %\ld]s ( a light] br[n1 cross+ !m f ! ant]ior to ! po/]ior edges4 ,! po/]ior w+s are slightly1 ! ant]ior deeply1 d5tat$4 ,"u ,side4 ,?orax1 legs1 abdom51 upp] & l[] w+s r pal] ?an on ! upp] side4 ,on ! ant]ior w+s are two v fa9t br[n l9es1 cross+ !m f ! ant]ior to ! po/]ior edges1 situat$ betwe5 ! middle & ! ext]nal m>g94 ,on ! po/]ior w+s also are two small fa9t wav$ l9es ( a d>k] col\r1 beg9n+ at ! ant]ior edges & end+ a little above ! abdom9al corn]s4 #ef,! cat]pill> ( ?is hawk-mo? 0 f\nd by ,abbot on ! ,virg9ian ,creep]4 ,x w5t into ! gr\nd on ! #ah? ( ,augu/1 & ! fly came out on ! #aa? ( ,septemb]4 ,! tail ( ! male spreads l a fan4 ,?is is a v r>e species2 "o 0 caught 9 ! ev5+ on a g\rd blossom4 ,x flew exce$+ly swift1 mak+ a noise l a humble bee4 ,! cat]pill> is ( a v pale gre5i% col\r1 ) two d>k dorsal l9es1 t]m9at+ at ! base ( ! /raight tail2 ! sides ( ! body are also ornam5t$ ) pale yell[ oblique /ripes1 m>g9$ ) br[n4 ,! *rysalis is *esnut1 ) a %ort po9t at ! extremity ( ! body1 & )\t any tongue-case4 ,,deilephila ,,t]sa4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,deilephila1 ,o*s4 ,eumorph p4 ,hbn4 ,sph9x p4 ,fabr4 ,,deilephila ,,t]sa4 ,alis anticis griseis1 l9eis nonnullis obliquis p>allelis nigris2 po/icis nigris fasci macul>i luteo-alb4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,t]sa1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 p4 #ech4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,cram]1 tab4 #cig4 fig4 ,c4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 p4 #cgh4 ,no4 #fi4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcgi4 ,no4 #ga4 ,abbot & ,smi? ,ins4 ,georg4 #a4 tab4 #ch4 ,,habitat3 ,m>yl&1 ,jamaica1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 ,antigua 7,drury74 ,s\? ,am]ica 7,fabricius74 ,georgia 7,abbot74 ,upp] ,side4 ,head fle%-col\r$2 :i* col\r1 sep>at+ at ! neck1 runs on ea* side ( ! ?orax to ! abdom54 ,?orax & abdom5 d>k clay col\r4 ,abdom5 po9t$2 ! sides be+ ( a yell[] col\r ?an ! top4 ,ant]ior w+s greyi% olive br[n2 f ! tips to ! middle ( ! po/]ior m>g9 run sev]al n>r[ l9es ( light] & d>k] col\rs1 p>allel ) ea* o!r4 ,po/]ior w+s1 at ! base1 black2 b along ! ext]nal m>g9 br[n2 hav+ a r[ ( n>r[ angul> m>ks ( a cream col\r runn+ f ! anal angle to ! ant]ior edges4 ,cilia :ite4 ,"u ,side4 ,?orax & abdom5 clay-col\r$2 pal] on ! middle ?an ! sides4 ,w+s r$ clay-col\r$2 ! ant]ior br[n 9 ! middle1 & ! po/]ior hav+ "s fa9t wav$ l9es cross+ !m2 ea* w+ hav+ a r[ ( fa9t small spots along _! ext]nal m>g94 ,! cat]pill> ( ?is insect1 figur$ by ,abbot & ,smi?1 is ( a pale gre5 col\r1 ) ! ?ree ant]ior segm5ts elongat$ & att5uat$ 9 front1 hav+ sev5 beautiful :ite eye-l spots on ea* side1 ) a r$ pupil1 & m>g9$ ) black2 ! ant]ior ocellus be+ ! l>ge/4 ,^! ocelli are unit$ by a lat]al :ite l9e1 t]m9at+ at ! base ( ! /raight r$ tail4 ,x fe$s ^u ! wild ?yme 7,sp]macoce ,hyssopifolia1 ,sm47 ,"s ( !m are /at$ by ,abbot to be br[n4 ,"o 0 obs]v$ by ! same au?or to sp9 itself up on ! #ca/ ( ,july1 f :i* ! mo? appe>$ on ! #ae? ( ,augu/2 :il/ ano!r :i* spun up on ! #aa? ( ,septemb]1 rema9$ 9 ! *rysalis /ate until ! #i? ( ,may4 ,:5 di/urb$1 ! cat]pill> contracts ! ant]ior segm5ts ( ! body4#bb ,! *rysalis is ( a pale br[n col\r1 freckl$ ) d>k] m>ks4 ,x is n provid$ ) a porrect$ tongue-case4 #eg,,sph9x ,,/rigiles4 ,plate ,,xxviii4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,sph9x1 ,auct4 ,,sph9x ,,/rigiles4 ,alis integ]rimis griseis1 m>g9e ext]no antic>um obscuro2 po/icis fulvis /rigis tribus transv]sis fuscis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #e unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,/rigiles1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 p4 #ech4 ,cram]1 tab4 #ajf4 f4 ,b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cfd4 ,no4 #bf4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcgg4 ,no4 #ff4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,upp] ,side4 ,head1 ?orax1 & abdom5 fawn-col\r$2 hav+ on ea* abdom9al segm5t a semicircle ( a pal] col\r4 ,a br[n r$ spot is plac$ on ea* side ! ?orax1 ne> ! base ( ! upp] w+s1 :i* are fawn-col\r$2 hav+ a r\nd spot ( olive br[n on ea* ne> ! %\ld]s1 & ano!r on ! middle ( ! po/]ior m>g91 betwe5 :i* & ! ant]ior angle is a pat* ( a bluei% br[n2 f ?is angle to ! tip runs a small n>r[ bord] ( yell[ br[n1 ) sev]al %ort1 fa9t1 br[n circul> m>ks plac$ on diff]5t p>ts ( ! w+4 ,po/]ior w+s pale orange2 hav+ ?ree br[n1 n>r[1 wav$ l9es cross+ !m 9 ! middle1 & ) a n>r[ br[n bord]4 ,"u ,side4 ,! m\?1 ?orax1 ?ighs1 abdom51 sup]ior & inf]ior w+s are all ( a r$ clay col\r4 ,! bord]1 along ! ext]nal m>g9 ( ! ant]ior w+1 is ( a mu* pal] col\r4 ,sev]al r$di% br[n l9es & m>ks are also plac$ on diff]5t p>ts ( ! w+s4 ,,plate ,,xxix4 ,illu/ration ,,sph9x ,,satellita4 ,plate ,,xxix4 fig4 #a4 female4--fig4 #b4 male4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id4 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,sph9x1 ,auctorum4 ,,sph9x ,,satellita4 ,alis integris1 fuscis badio griseoque v>iis1 anticis puncto nigro ocell>i sesquialt]o maculque triangul>i ad angulum analem nigr2 po/icis basi griseis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4 male4--#e unc4 female47 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,satellita1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 p4 #eci4 ,fab4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cgj4 ,no4 #db4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bcja4 #gd4 ,sph9x ,licaon1 ,cram]48 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,,female4--,upp] ,side4 ,head & ?orax pale olive br[n1 ) d>k br[n dorsal & lat]al l9es2 ! latt] edg$ ) :ite1 ext5d+ to ! abdom51 :]e two small :ite /reaks run obliquely across x4 ,abdom5 light olive br[n1 pal] on its sides2 ) two r[s ( d>k br[n dorsal spots1 rea*+ almo/ to ! extremity4 ,ant]ior w+s olive grey2 b f ! middle ( ! ant]ior m>g9 runs a %ade ( olive br[n1 end+ at ! ext]nal m>g91 & cont9u+ t[>ds ! tips4 ,two small black discoidal spots1 & a l>ge squ>i% spot on ! middle ( ! po/]ior m>g9 ( a v d>k r$ br[n2 f :5ce to ! %\ld]s ext5ds a %ade ( pal] br[n4 ,po/]ior w+s1 next ! %\ld]s1 grey1 b at ! anal angle r$di% a% col\r2 f :5ce runs a r[ ( small black spots1 :i* lose !mselves 9 a v d>k1 br[n1 olive col\r1 occupy+ a l>ge "p ( ! w+s ne> ! ext]ior angle4 ,cilia pale br[n4 ,"u ,side4 ,?orax1 ?ighs1 & abdom5 d>k br[n4 ,w+s r$di% br[n1 ! po/]ior pale/2 & along ! abdom9al edges a%-col\r$4 ,!re are v few m>ks ( any sort obs]vable on #eh?is side1 except a fa9t wav$ l9e :i*1 cross+ ! sup]ior & inf]ior w+s1 ends ne> ! anal angle4 ,,male4--,upp] ,side4 ,head1 ?orax1 abdom51 & ant]ior w+s s&y yell[4 ,! %ades & cl\ds1 :i* 9 ! female are ( olive br[n1 9 ?is are ( f9e r$ br[n2 ! two discoidal black spots be+ di/9ct4 ,po/]ior w+s1 next ! %\ld]s1 grey1 z 9 ! female2 b along ! ext]nal m>g9 s&y yell[4 ,"u ,side4 ,! brea/1 abdom51 ?ighs1 sup]ior & inf]ior w+s are1 z on ! upp] side1 ! same s&y yell[2 ! fa9t wav$ l9es1 cross+ bo? sup]ior & inf]ior w+s1 be+ r m conspicu\s ?an 9 ! female4 ,,deilephila ,,euphorbi4 ,plate ,,xxix4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,lepidopt]a4 ,,section3 ,crepuscul>ia4 ,,family3 ,sph+id1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,deilephila1 ,o*s4 ,/eph4 c4 ,eumorph1 ,hbn4 ,sph9x1 ,l9n4 ,,deilephila ,,euphorbi4 ,alis anticis viresc5tibus vitt lat lurid maculque disci viresc5te1 po/icis nigris fasci m>g9eque ext]iori roseis1 abdom9e c+ulis 7int]ruptis7 albis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #aj l94 male4 #c unc4 #a l94 female47 ,,syn4 ,sph9x ,euphorbi1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #hjb4 ,donov4 ,brit4 ,ins4 #c4 pl4 #ia4 #ib4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,iii4 #a4 #cfg4 ,no4 #cg4 ,gmel4 ,l9n4 ,s4 ,n4 #bchc4 #ai4 ,hawor? ,lep4 ,brit4 #fa4 ,! ,spott$ ,hawk ,mo?1 ,h>ris ,aurelian1 pl4 #dd4 f4 a4 c4 ,deilephila ,euphorbi1 ,o*s4 ,s*mett4 iv4 p4 #dc4 ,curtis ,brit4 ,ent4 #a4 pl4 #d4 ,,habitat3 ,holl&1 ,g]many 7,drury74 ,engl&1 & o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 ,upp] ,side4 ,head & ?orax olive1 hav+ a :ite /ripe on ea* side1 :i*1 beg9n+ at ! palpi & runn+ across ! %\ld]s1 ends at ! base ( ! abdom52 ! olive col\r ext5d+ along t "p to its extremity4 ,! fir/ segm5t ( ! abdom5 is black1 ! second cream col\r1 ! rema9d] alt]nately cream col\r & olive4 ,! sup]ior w+s are ( a fle% col\r1 hav+ a n>r[ olive b> beg9n+ at ! tips1 :i*1 cross+ !m1 ends at ! po/]ior m>g91 wid5+ gradually2 an olive pat*1 ! size ( a small pea1 is also plac$ on ea* next ! %\ld]s1 & ano!r on ! middle ne> ! ant]ior edge4 ,cilia cream col\r4 ,! po/]ior w+s black at ! base2 bel[ :i* is a rose-col\r$ b> cross+ !m1 next t is a n>r[ black ind5t$ b>1 & b5ea? ^! ! w+ is fle%-col\r$1 ) :ite cilia4 ,"u ,side4 ,! brea/ rose-col\r$4 ,! abdom5 fle%-col\r$1 ) cream-col\r$ r+s4 ,w+s fa9t rose & fle%-col\r$2 ! ant]ior hav+ a black spot 9 ea*1 ne> ! middle1 & n f> f ! ant]ior edge4 ,s9ce ! days ( ,drury ?is h&some insect has be5 asc]ta9$ to be a native ( our isl&4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 until lately be5 deem$ "o ( ! r>e/ z well z mo/ beautiful species 9 ! r>e family to :i* x belongs4 ,entomologi/s are indebt$ n only = a consid]able numb] ( specim5s1 b1 :at is m int]e/+1 = a k ( ! habits ( ! insect to ,william ,raddon1 ,esq4 ! celebrat$ engrav]1 by :om an int]e/+ notice has be5 publi%$ 9 ! ,entomological ,magaz9e4 ,x fe$s ^u ! sea #eispurge 7,euphorbia p>alias71 :i* gr[s 9 pl5ty on ! s& hills 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,b>n/aple & ,braunton ,burr[s1 9 ,devon%ire4 ,^! s& hills are ( great ext5t1 &1 z sugge/$ by ,mr4 ,curtis1 mu/ h be5 collect$ by ! w9ds & /orms to :i* !y are con/antly expos$4 ,dur+ ! w9t] ! :ole soil is frequ5tly remov$1 s z completely to alt] ! surface ( ! c\ntry2 a great numb] ( ! pup mu/ consequ5tly be de/roy$ or buri$ at a consid]able di/ance bel[ ! surface1 :]e probably !y lie hid until !y are br\ght to light & life by ! influ5ce ( ! elem5ts4 ,^! circum/ances acc\nt = ! great irregul>ity 9 ! appe>ance ( ! insects4 ,9 #ahad1 = in/ance1 !y 7 s pl5tiful t ,mr4 ,raddon f\nd n less ?an "o hundr$ m9ute l>v ^u an armful ( spurge1 :i* he _h cut at dusk ! prec$+ ev5+4 ,! r>ity ( ! insect is also increas$ by ! difficulty ( re>+ x4 ,! late ,mr4 ,fuseli1 ! royal academician1 :o 0 a zeal\s entomologi/1 0 enabl$ only to obta9 "o mo? f tw5ty *rysalides4 ,! l>v are full gr[n 9 ,septemb]1 & ! mo? appe>s 9 ! foll[+ ,june4 ,,plate ,,xxx4 ,illu/ration ,,dyna/es ,,h]cules4 ,plate ,,xxx4 fig4 #a4 male4--#b4 female4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,dyna/id1 ,mac,leay4 ,,g5us4 ,,dyna/es1 ,mac,leay4 ,geotrupes1 ,fabricius4 ,sc>abu1 ,latreille1 ,l9nu1 c4 ,,dyna/es ,,h]cules4 ,?oracis male cornu incurvo longissimo subtus b>bato utr9que unid5tato1 capitis recurvato d5tato4 7,long4 ,corp4 #e unc4 #i l94 male47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,h]cules1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #eda4 #a4 ,oliv4 ,ins4 #a4 #c4 b4 #a4 tab4 #a4 f4 #a4 tab4 #bc4 fig4 #a4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 p4 #b4 ,no4 #a4 ,naturali/s' ,libr>y1 ,beetles1 pl4 #aa4 ,edw>ds1 ,birds1 t4 #ccd4 ,gronov4 ,zooph4 #dab4 ,john/4 ,ins4 t4 #af4 f4 #a4 ,petiv4 ,gaz4 t4 #gj4 f4 #a4 ,roesel4 ,sc>4 tom4 iv4 t4 #e4 f4 #c4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 d',am]4 ,col4 ,pl4 #a4 c4 f4 #a4 ,m>cgr4 ,braz4 #bdg4 fig4 #c4 ,,habitat3 ,gaudal\pe 7,drury74 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,male4 ,black1 except ! elytra1 :i* are ( an olive col\r2 hav+ a numb] ( black spots on !m ( diff]5t %apes & sizes1 v>y+ consid]ably 9 diff]5t individuals4 ,?orax1 above1 smoo?1 & %9+1 ! sides cov]$ ) a multitude ( small punctures4 ,its front is produc$ into a long %9+ horn1 ne> ?ree in*es 9 l5g?1 :i* gradually b5ds d[nw>ds f ! base to ! extremity1 :]e x is slightly =k$2 ! "u side be+ cov]$ ) %ort f9e hairs ( a yell[i% col\r1 resembl+ ! pile ( velvet1 & hav+ ab\t two in*es f its extremity a /rong %ort sp9e plac$ on ea* side4 ,! head is furni%$ ) ano!r horn1 ab\t two-?irds ! l5g? ( ! fir/1 %>p & ?9 on its upp] side1 & t[>ds ! end b5d+ upw>ds2 hav+ on ! upp] edge1 ne> ! middle1 ?ree or f\r tee? or /rong sp9es1 & ano!r ne> ! extremity4 ,eyes %9+1 r$ br[n4 ,tibi arm$ ) sp9es1 p>ticul>ly ! ant]ior pair1 :i* h f\r2 ?ree ne> ! tips1 & "o ne> ! middle4 ,! middle & h9d] tibi h ea* two /rong spurs1 & sev]al small] sp9es1 surr\nd$ ) hair on ! o!r p>ts4 ,! edge ( ! abdom5 is cov]$ ) a r[ ( d>k orange-col\r$ hairs4 ,sev]al o!r p>ts ( ! body1 jo9ts1 c4 are also clo!d ) ! same #fj;col\r$ hairs4 ,ea* ( ! ungues has a little tuft ( /rong hairs issu+ f ! extremity ( ! t]m9al jo9t ( ! t>si4 ,female4 ,?is sex is unfurni%$ ) horns4 ,! elytra are ! same col\r z 9 ! male1 n spott$ s mu*1 if at all1 & m rugose4 ,?orax black1 ) a few yell[i% spots1 =m$ l />s or rays on x4 ,9 o!r respects x resembles ! male4 ,drury adds to ?is insect ! foll[+ rem>k--,i h obs]v$ _m species ( beetles ^: males h be5 furni%$ ) horns1 ei!r on ! head or ?orax1 b 9 :i* ! females h none1 b h ^? p>ts q smoo? & pla92 & my obs]vations incl9e me /rongly to ?9k t ?is rule subsi/s 9 e "o ( !m1 ?r\gh ! :ole class4 ,! in/ances ,i c\ld br+ 9 support ( ?is op9ion are too _m to be admitt$ 9 ?is place4 ,! circum/ance obs]v$ ^u 9 ! prec$+ note is c]ta9ly v int]e/+ 9 a physiological po9t ( view4 ,9 quadrup$s we f9d bo? sexes ( cornut$ species arm$ ) horns2 b 9 insects almo/ univ]sally ! males alone are provid$ ) ^! app5dages4 ,x is also wor?y ( rem>k1 t al?\gh 9 ! majority ( insects ! females consid]ably surpass ! males 9 size1 yet 9 ^? species 9 :i* ! males are cornut$1 ! females are almo/ inv>iably small] ?an _! p>tn]s4 ,burmei/] lays x d[n z a rule1 t ) reg>d to ! diff]5ces ( ! sexes1 _! :ole "* may be ?us di/+ui%$2 viz4 t ! male displays a prepond]ance ( evolution1 & ! female a prepond]ance ( involution2 & obs]ves1 t "s beetles h processes ^u ! head & ?orax1 :i*1 l ! m&ibles1 c meet1 l tongs1 & ?us s]ve z a weapon4 ,?is is ass]t$ ( ,h]cules & its l>ge comrades4 ,?is op9ion z to ! uses ( ^! horns c1 h[ev]1 sc>cely be ma9ta9$1 s9ce ! numb] ( species 9 :i* ! horns really meet is v few4 ,kirby & ,sp5ce obs]ve1 ,:at may be ! use ( ^! extraord9>y app5dages to ! males1 has n yet be5 asc]ta9$4 ,:e!r ! individuals ( ?is sex are m expos$ to ! attack ( birds & o!r enemies1 9 consequ5ce ( be+ m on ! w+ ?an ! females1 & are !re=e ?us provid$ ) num]\s project+ po9ts ( def5ce1 is a "q wor? consid]+4 ,x is also to be obs]v$ t ^! app5dages1 in/ead ( be+ decidu\s1 z 9 _m ( ! high] animals1 are 9 insects compon5t p>ts ( ! ext]nal skeleton4 ,!re are a few exceptions to ! obs]vation ( ,drury2 ?us 9 ! ,lamellicorn g5us ,hoplites ,dej4 ,catal4 7,sc>abu ,pan17 ! females are cornut$ z well z ! males2 & 9 ! g5us ,osmia1 belong+ to ! section ( wild bees1 ,dasyga/res1 ,latr41 ! females alone h ! head furni%$ ) two porrect$ horns4 #fa;,,bupre/is 7,,*alcophora7 ,,virg9i5sis4 ,plate ,,xxx4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,s]ricornes4 ,,family3 ,bupre/id4 ,,g5us4 ,,bupre/is1 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,*alcophora1 ,soli]4 ,,bupre/is 7,,*alcophora7 ,,virg9i5sis4 ,?orace lato fusco1 punctis cupreis2 elytris s]ratis atris1 maculis cupreis1 saturque metallic4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #a l947 ,,syn4 ,bupre/is ,virg9i5sis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,h]b/4 ,col4 ix4 p4 #aad4 #fc4 t4 #adh4 f4 #a4 ,bupre/is ,virg9ica1 ,l9n4 7,gmel47 #a4 iv4 p4 #aidj4 ,no4 #aaj4 ,rossi 7,hellw47 ,fn4 ,etr4 #a4 p4 #baa4 n4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia4 ,head small & broad4 ,ant5n ab\t ! l5g? ( ! ?orax1 & small4 ,?orax broad & rugg$1 hav+ ! elevat$ p>ts ( a d>k copp]y col\r2 b ! depress$ ones light]1 cov]$ ) v small punctures1 & jo9+ close to ! w+-cases4 ,scutellum v small & triangul>4 ,elytra ( ! same col\r ) ! ?orax2 ! d>k p>ts 9 ! figure be+ ^? t lie highe/4 ,!y are m>g9$ on ! sides & suture1 ext5d+ ev5 ) ! anus2 :i* ne> _! edges are slightly s]rat$4 ,"u side %9+ & copp]y1 b on ! sides ) a t9cture ( fle% col\r4 ,legs ! same2 ) two tibial spurs4 ,,plate ,,xxxi4 ,illu/ration ,,golia?us ,,giganteus4 ,plate ,,xxxi4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,g5us4 ,,golia?us1 ,de ,lam>ck4 ,cetonia1 ,oliv4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n1 c4 ,,golia?us ,,giganteus4 ,?orace piceo1 nudo1 holos]iceo-albo l9eato2 elytris glaucis1 clypeo porrecto bifido4 7,long4 ,corp4 #d unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,golia?us ,giganteus1 ,kirby 9 ,introd4 to ,ent4 vol4 #c4 p4 #cc4 v4 #d4 p4 #dic4 ,sc>abu ,golia?us1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 #e4 #cj4 ,cetonia ,goliata1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 #b4 p4 #abd4 #a4 ,cetonia ,golia?us1 ,olivi]1 #a4 ,no4 #f4 pl4 #e4 f4 #cc4 ,golia?us ,magnus1 ,naturali/'s ,libr>y1 ,beetles1 pl4 #af4 ,golia?us ,africanus1 ,de ,lam>ck ,anim4 sans ,v]t4 ,,habitat3 ,we/]n ,africa1 ne> ! ,equ9octial l9e4 ,head1 above1 fle%-col\r$2 b5ea?1 black2 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 t]m9at+ 9 two blunt1 obtuse1 & irregul> horns4 ,two o!r ?ick & jagg$ horns also arise f its sides1 mu* %ort] ?an ! =m]4 ,its bread? at ! base is half an in*2 hav+ a small project+ ridge runn+ along ! middle1 f !nce to ! extremity1 at ! base ( ! horns4 ,?orax an in* & a half long1 be+ pr9cipally black2 b along ! sides is fle%-col\r$4 ,x has also five n>r[ & irregul> wav$ l9es ( a fle% col\r runn+ f ! ant]ior to ! po/]ior edges2 "o ( :i*1 be+ 9 ! middle ( ! ?orax1 is n>r[] ?an ! re/2 ! two next ?is t]m9ate at ! po/]ior edges 9 a f9e rose col\r2 ^! next ! lat]al edges are broade/1 hav+ likewise a pat* ( rose col\r next ! w+-cases4 ,ab\t ! middle ( ! ?orax1 ^! ext]nal l9es sep>ate & divide1 cont9u+ s almo/ to ! ant]ior edges1 :]e !y aga9 unite4 ,! "u "p ( ! ?orax is fle% col\r2 b 9 ! middle ( a yell[i% br[n4 ,! scutellum is triangul> & black2 ) a cle> :ite c5tral oblong m>k truncat$ 9 front4 ,elytra beautiful *ocolate-col\r$1 & #fb;cov]$ ) a great numb] ( %ort f9e hairs1 resembl+ ! pile on velvet2 ! ant]ior "p1 ) a n>r[ & ind5t$ m>g91 ( a cream col\r1 also surr\nd+ ! scutellum4 ,! elytra are two in*es broad at ! base4 ,legs v d>k gre5 col\r1 almo/ black4 ,int]m$iate & po/]ior femora & tibi ) d>k yell[ hairs4 ,abdom5 v d>k gre51 furni%$ on ! sides & edge ) d>k yell[ hairs4 ,/]num r long4 ,?is magnific5t insect may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! r>e/ species figur$ 9 ^! ,illu/rations4 ,drury /ates1 t ! specim5 "h repres5t$ 0 br\ght f ,africa by ,mr4 ,ogilvie1 surgeon ( ,8 ,maje/y's %ip ! ,r5[n1 be+ f\nd float+1 dead1 9 ! riv] ,gaboon1 opposite ,pr9ce's ,isl&1 ne> ! equ9octial l9e4 ,ne>ly sev5ty ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! insect 0 fir/ describ$1 & yet ! insect rema9s1 z f> z my k ext5ds1 unique4#bc ,x w\ld appe> t ! specim5 ei!r belong$ to or pass$ into ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,hunt] aft] ! dea? ( ,mr4 ,drury1 = ,fabricius describes ! species ) a citation ( ! museum ( ,dr4 ,hunt] alone2 & ,olivi]'s figure 0 tak5 f ! specim5 :il/ x 0 9 t g5tleman's possession4 ,aft] 8 decease x pass$1 ) 8 collection1 by beque/1 into ! possession ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[1 :]e x n[ =ms "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ objects 9 ! ,hunt]ian ,museum4 ,joseph ,hook]1 ,esq41 son ( ,sir ,w4 ,hook]1 ! highly di/+ui%$ botani/ ( ,glasg[1 tells me t ! individual 9 "q 0 pick$ up by a sailor 9 ! riv] above m5tion$1 & t x is /at$ 9 ! ,,mss4 ( ,dr4 ,hunt] t x co/ ,mr4 ,drury #aj4 ,9 ! ,catalogue ( ! ,insects ( ,mr4 ,drury1 :i* 7 sold by auction at ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,sale ,rooms 9 ,k+ ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d5 7n[ occupi$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,/ev5s71 on ! #bcrd ( ,may1 #ahje1 & two foll[+ days1 ! #ie? lot is describ$ z ,sc>abu ,golia?us1 v>4 ,:5ce x w\ld appe> t ! insect "h figur$ 0 n 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,drury at 8 decease1 & t he only possess$ ! insect figur$ 9 ! #crd volume ( ^! ,illu/rations1 pl4 #dj1 :i* evid5tly on ! au?ority ( ,fabricius he _h reg>d$ z a v>iety only ( ! specim5 "h figur$4 ,! g5us ,golia?us is exce$+ly int]e/+1 n only on acc\nt ( ! gigantic size & s+ul> =m ( ! species ( :i* x is compos$1 b also f ! geographical range ( ! gr\p4 ,mr4 ,kirby obs]ves ^u ?is subject1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,mac,leay has rem>k$ to me t ,golia?us ,lam4 appe>s to belt ! globe1 b n "u "o =m4 ,! types ( ! g5us are ! va/ ,african ,golia?s 7,g4 giganteus1 c471 :i*1 z well z ,g4 ,polyphemus1 & ano!r br\ght f ,java by ,dr4 ,horsfield1 h1 l ,cetonia1 ! scapul>s int]pos$ betwe5 ! po/]ior angles ( ! pro?orax & ! %\ld]s ( ! elytra1 :ile ! ,s\? ,am]ican species 7,g4 micans1#bd c47 h n ?is projection ( ! scapul>s2 9 ?is resembl+ ,tri*ius2 ,mr4 ,mac,leay fur!r obs]ves1 t ! #fc;female ( ! ,javanese ,golia?us is exactly a ,cetonia1 :ile t ( ! ,brazilian is a ,tri*ius4--,introd4 to ,entomology1 vol4 #d4 p4 #did4 ,s9ce ! publication ( ?is passage1 ! g5us ,golia?us has und]gone a consid]able revision2 ! ,s\? ,am]ican species1 ,cetonia ,ynca1 ,fabr4 b>bicornis1 ,mac,leay1 c41 h be5 sep>at$ f ! g5us by ,sa9t ,f>geau & ,s]ville 9 ! ,encyclopdie ,m?odique1 "u ! g5]ic "n ( ,ynca1 & ! ,javanese species above notic$ 7,gol4 ,rh9ophyllus#be ,wi$emann7 is /at$ by ,latreille 9 ! ,rgne ,animal1 #bnd edition1 n to belong to ! g5us ,golia?us1 b to t ( ,cetonia4 ,! g5us is ?us re/rict$ to ! ,african species1#bf ) ! exception ( a ,mexican insect :i* ,dejean has nam$ ,golia?us ,h(fn]i4 ,! g5us ,ynca may ?us be reg>d$ r z a geographical subg5us1 or type ( =m belong+ to & repres5t+ ! ,african species ( ,golia?us4 ,,plate ,,xxxii4 ,illu/ration ,,diaprepes ,,sp5gl]i4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid4 ,,subfamily3 ,bra*yd]ides4 ,,g5us4 ,,diaprepes1 ,s*onh]r4 ,*lorima1 ,dej4 ,curculio1 ,l9n4 c4 ,,diaprepes ,,sp5gl]i4 ,nig]1 ?orace albo-squamoso1 elytris squamositate flava ve/itis1 satur1 m>g9e /riisque tribus elevatis1 nudis1 nigris1 notatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #g l947 ,,syn4 ,curculio ,sp5gl]i1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #fji4 #cb4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 #ecb4 ,no4 #adi4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 ,v4 #hc4 #caa4 ,no4 #cde4 t4 #b4 f4 #ae4 ,c4 ,t4 #bj4 f4 #bed4 ,h]b/4 ,col4 #f4 t4 #fh4 f4 #aa4 ,t4 #fi4 f4 #a4 ,s*onh4 ,syn4 ,ins4 ,curcul4 #b4 p4 #h4 ,no4 #a4 ,curculio ,aurif]1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head black1 long1 & ro/rat$2 z long z ! ?orax1 :i* is also black4 ,!y are bo? /rip$ und]nea? ) /reaks ( a %9+1 gold51 gre5 col\r4 ,scutellum v small4 ,elytra d>k br[n1 ext5d+ v l[ d[n ! sides1 & t]m9at+ 9 a po9t1 d\ble m>g9$4 ,! abdom5 d>k br[n1 &1 ) ! w+-cases1 adorn$ ) _m oblong spots or /reaks1 ( a gold5 gre5 col\r4 ,femora simple1 & d>k br[n4 ,tibi hairy1 p>ticul>ly )94 ,und]side ( ! t>si br[n yell[4 ,! gold5 spots1 or /reaks1 on ?is insect v>y v mu*2 9 "s individuals be+ a%-col\r$1 "s blue1 & 9 o!rs ne>ly :ite4 ,! col\r also ( ! w+-cases 9 "s is almo/ black1 9 o!rs ( a r$ br[n4 #fd;,,copris ,,molossus4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,sc>abid4 ,,g5us4 ,,copris1 ,ge(froy4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,copris ,,molossus4 ,?orace retuso bid5tato1 utr9que impresso2 clypeo lunato unicorni integro1 elytris lvibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,molossus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #edc4 ,no4 #h4 ,fabricius ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 p4 #ea4 ,no4 #afg4 ,olivi]1 #a4 #c4 t4 #e4 f4 #cg4 male4 t4 #d4 fig4 #be4 ,de ,ge]4 ,ins4 #a4 t4 #cb4 f4 #b4 ,s*onh]r ,syn4 ,ins4 p4 #dc4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a4 ,entirely black4 ,head broad & ?91 r\nd$ 9 front & m>g9$2 hav+ a /rong erect horn1 ne> half an in* long4 ,?orax m>g9$1 & mu* elevat$1 t]m9at+ upw>ds 9 an high ridge1 ^: sides are furni%$ ) two %ort horns1 v>y+ v mu* 9 _! l5g? 7! females be+ entirely hornless72 x is also1 z well z ! head1 regul>ly cov]$ ) innum]able small pu/ules1 :i* are sc>ce visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,elytra m>g9$1 %ort1 & almo/ smoo?4 ,femora broad1 hairy1 & /rong4 ,tibi ) /rong spurs4 ,ungues v small1 sc>cely visible4 ,,phileurus ,,didymus4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,dyna/id4 ,,g5us4 ,,phileurus1 ,latreille4 ,geotrupes1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,phileurus ,,didymus4 ,depressus1 ?orace fossul excavat1 capite tricuspide1 elytris /riatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,didymus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #ede4 ,no4 #ai4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 p4 #bj4 ,no4 #fa4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #c4 p4 #db4 ,no4 #df4 t4 #b4 fig4 #i4 ,s*onh]r ,syn4 ,in/4 #a4 p4 #ai4 ,no4 #he4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 ,col4 pl4 #af4 f4 #c4 ,,habitat3 7----8 ,drury74 ,am]ica 7,fabricius74 ,head1 black1 small1 & triangul>1 hav+ ?ree tub]cles issu+ f x1 ( :i* ! ant]ior is po9t$1 ! o!rs blunt4 ,?orax black1 :i* is ! g5]al col\r ( ! insect1 r\nd$1 smoo?1 & m>g9$1 hav+ an impression 9 front1 ) a %ort tub]cle situat$ on x ne> ! edge2 f :5ce runs a holl[ groove or *annel to ! po/]ior m>g94 ,scutellum small4 ,elytra %9+1 m>g9$ & furr[$4 ,abdom5 smoo? & %9+1 )\t hair4 ,tibi furni%$ ) sp9es1 z are ! fir/ jo9ts ( ! middle & po/]ior t>si4 ,,bra*yc]us ,,globosus4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid4 ,,subfamily3 ,bra*yc]ides4 ,,g5us4 ,,bra*yc]us1 ,fabr4 ,curculio1 ,l9n4 c4 ,,bra*yc]us ,,globosus4 ,ovatus nig]1 ro/ro v>ioloso1 subc>9ato1 m$io bifoviolato1 basi bi-tub]culato1 ?orace utr9que sp9oso1 qu9que sulcato1 po/ice truncato1 elytris lvibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,curculio ,globosus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 #dac4 ,no4 #f4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 ,v4 #hb4 p4 #dg4 ,no4 #f4 t4 #b4 f4 #aj4 ,s*onh4 ,syn4 ,ins4 ,curcul4 #a4 #cib4 ,no4 #i4 ,,habitat3 ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 #fe;,head black1 long1 & r\gh above4 ,ant5n %ort1 gradually increas+ 9 size f ! base4 ,?orax black1 & v r\gh2 ea* side t]m9at+ 9 a ?ick sp9e or tub]cle4 ,elytra black1 smoo?1 & r\nd1 & rea*+ s f> d[n ! sides ( ! abdom5 z almo/ to meet und]nea?1 be+ r long] ?an ! head & ?orax4 ,femora & tibi p>tly black1 & p>tly ( a dirty orange2 be+ cov]$ 9 sev]al p>ts ) a k9d ( pile ( ! col\r la/ m5tion$4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,ea* ( ! ungues furni%$ ) a sp9e4 ,,hipporh9us ,,v]rucosus4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid4 ,,subfamily3 ,entimides4 ,,g5us4 ,,hipporh9us1 ,s*onh4 ,bron*us1 ,g]m>4 ,curculio1 ,l9n4 c4 ,,hipporh9us ,,v]rucosus4 ,elongato-ovatus nig]1 neo-micans1 ro/ro quasi abscisso1 qu9que sulcato1 ?orace conf]tim tub]culato1 elytris s]iato-tub]culatis apice s+ulatim v]ruc crass auctis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,curculio ,v]rucosus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #ab4 p4 #fah4 ,no4 #ij4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 #ecd4 ,no4 #afa4 ,h]b/4 ,col4 #f4 #cjh4 t4 #hd4 fig4 #f4 ,s*onh4 ,syn4 ,ins4 ,curcul4 #a4 #dha4 #bg4 ,,habitat3 ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,g5]al col\r brassy black4 ,head long1 & furni%$ ) a ?ick ro/rum1 :]eon are plac$ ! ant5n4 ,?orax r\nd$1 & regul>ly cov]$ ) small pu/ules4 ,head & ?orax almo/ ! l5g? ( ! elytra1 :i* are long1 brassy1 & cov]$ ) sev]al r[s ( tub]cles2 "s be+ small & r\nd1 o!rs l>g] & oblong2 !y ext5d v deeply d[n ! sides ( ! abdom51 & at _! extremities t]m9ate 9 two swell+s4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,femora simple4 ,po/]ior tibi v crook$4 ,,lamia 7,,/]notomis7 ,,pul*ra4 ,plate ,,xxxii4 fig4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,g5us4 ,,lamia1 ,fabr4 c4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 c4 ,,subg5us4 ,/]notomis1 ,p]*]on4 ,,lamia 7,,/]notomis7 ,,pul*ra4 ,nigra1 ?orace transv]s fulvo trifasciato1 elytris fulvo maculatis et v>iegatis1 maculis int]dum viridi-c9ctis4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,pul*]4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7nec ,c4 pul*] ,fabr4 qui ad ,c4 mirabilem ,drurii p]t9et47 ,lamia bl&a1 ,s*onh4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #c4 #cgc4 ,lamia ornata1 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',am]4 ,col4 ,pl4 #cg4 f4 #a4 ,lamia regalis1 ,fabr48 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 #bhf4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head orange col\r1 encircl$ ) black /ripes4 ,ant5n black1 be+ a little long] ?an ! insect4 ,?orax orange-col\r$1 encircl$ ) black r+s2 hav+ a s+le sp9e on ea* side4 ,elytra ) orange-col\r$ cl\ds & spots on !m1 sep>at$ by black p>titions1 "s be+ m>g9$ ) gre54 ,abdom5 orange-col\r$1 ! middle be+ ( a dirty gre54 ,femora simple1 d>k gre54 ,tibi ! same4 #ff,,plate ,,xxxiii4 ,illu/ration ,,cetonia ,,aurata1 v>4 ,greek3 g4 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,g5us4 ,,cetonia1 ,fabricius4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,cetonia ,,aurata4 ,segm5to abdom9is primo lat]ibus unid5tato1 elytris l9eolis transv]sis albis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,pallidus1 ,drury1 ,app4 v4 #b4 ,h]b/4 ,col4 ,,iii4 p4 #bdg4 #ce4 tab4 #ca4 fig4 #b4 ,cetonia ,aurata1 ,dufts*m4 ,fn4 ,au/4 #a4 p4 #aff4 #c4 ,s*onh4 ,syn4 ,ins4 ,,iii4 p4 #aai4 ,no4 #cg4 ,greek3 g4 ,,habitat3 ,smyrna 7,drury74 ,g5]al col\r above1 ru/y copp]2 b5ea?1 %9+ purple4 ,?orax smoo?1 m>g9$1 & n>r[ 9 front4 ,elytra m>g9$1 & ne> _! extremities a little protub]ant4 ,on ! fir/ jo9t ( ! abdom5 are two scales ly+ close "u ! h9d] ?ighs1 :i* are ?9 & %>p on _! edges1 b next ! body are ?ick & /rong4#bg ,! brea/ is a little hairy4 ,tibi d5tat$ & hairy1 except ! =e ones4 ,ea* ( ! tibi ) two spurs4 ,,cetonia ,,fascicul>is4 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,g5us4 ,,cetonia1 ,fabricius4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,cetonia ,,fascicul>is4 ,?orace l9eis quatuor albis1 elytris viridibus1 abdom9is incisuris b>batis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,fascicul>is1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #eeg4 #ge4 ,cetonia ,f4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 p4 #add4 #de4 ,olivi] ,ent4 #a4 #f4 p4 #af4 #ab4 t4 #aa4 f4 #ajh4 ,s*onh4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #c4 #abf4 #fg4 ,petiv4 ,gazoph4 t4 #h4 f4 #f4 ,roesel4 vol4 #b4 tab4 ,b4 f4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,head black1 small1 & quadrangul>4 ,ant5n black4 ,?orax black1 smoo?1 & %9+2 ) a :ite m>g9 on its sides1 & two :ite l9es runn+ f ! neck to ! po/]ior edge1 be+ plac$ ne>ly at equal di/ances4 ,scutellum triangul>1 black1 & %9+4 ,elytra d>k gre54 ,ea* jo9t ( ! abdom5 is cov]$ ) tufts ( orange-col\r$ hairs on its sides4 ,femora & tibi1 p>ticul>ly ! =e ones1 hairy4 ,! middle ( ! brea/ & abdom5 is black & %9+4 ,ant]ior tibi ) f\r sp9es & tee?2 ! middle ones ) six1 & ! h9d ones ) five4 #fg;,,cetonia ,,cap5sis4 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,g5us4 ,,cetonia1 ,fabricius4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,cetonia ,,cap5sis4 ,rufa hirta1 punctis albis adsp]sa4 7,long4 ,corp4 #aj l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,cap5sis1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #eef4 #gc4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #add4 #dh4 ,olivi] ,ent4 #af4 p4 #bg4 #bh4 t4 #f4 #ch4 n b4 ,h]b/4 ,col4 ,,iii4 tab4 #bi4 f4 #ab4 ,s*onh4 ,syn4 ,ins4 ,,iii4 #abg4 #ga4 ,sc>abu albo punctatus1 ,de ,ge] ,ins4 vii4 p4 #fdj4 #dj4 t4 #dh4 f4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,head m>g9$1 black1 & ne>ly quadrangul>4 ,ant5n black4 ,?orax m>g9$1 & ( a d>k *ocolate col\r2 :i*1 ) ! elytra & scutellum1 are hairy1 & embelli%$ ) a great numb] ( :ite spots4 ,! latt] is black & %9+4 ,elytra f9e *ocolate-col\r$1 & fa9tly m>g9$ 7! suture be+ black71 n cov]+ ! anus4 ,! "u "p ( ! insect is cov]$ ) pale clay-col\r$ hairs2 b on ! =e femora1 & next ! head1 ! hairs are br[n]4 ,,cetonia ,,fa/uosa4 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,g5us4 ,,cetonia1 ,fabricius4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,cetonia ,,fa/uosa4 nea nitidissima1 immaculata4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,cetonia ,fa/uosa1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #acg4 #aj4 ,panz] ,faun4 ,ins4 ,g]m4 xii4 #af4 ,cetonia ,aurata v>4 ,olivi] ,icon4 #f4 tab4 #a4 #a4 f4 #a4 f4 ,sc>abu rug9osus1 ,drury1 p4 #gb4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,l9n47 ,,habitat3 ,smyrna 7,drury74 ,s\? ( ,europe 7,fabricius74 ,entirely %9+ gold5 gre5-col\r$1 except ! ant5n1 :i* are blacki%4 ,head m>g9$1 small1 & quadrangul>4 ,?orax smoo? & m>g9$4 ,scutellum triangul>4 ,! elytra m>g9$1 hav+ two little swell+s ne> ! extremities1 & n ext5d+ beyond ! anus4 ,! brea/ & abdom5 are smoo?4 ,meso/]num ext5d+ beyond ! middle ?ighs4 ,tibi arm$ ) sp9es at ! tips1 & ! =e ones deeply d5tat$4 ,,gymnetis ,,nitida et v>4 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #e4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,g5us4 ,,gymnetis1 ,mac,leay4 7,hor ,ent4 #a4 p4 #a4 p4 #aeb47 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,gymnetis ,,nitida4 ,glabra viridis1 ?oracis et elytrorum m>g9ibus te/aceis1 tibiis haud d5tatis1 capite sp9 recumb5te4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #aj l947 ,,syn4 ,gymnetis ,nitida1 ,mac,leay ,hor ,ent4 ,cetonia ,nitida1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #aci4 #bd4 ,olivi] ,ent4 #a4 #f4 p4 #ah4 #ad4 t4 #c4 f4 #af4 tab4 #g4 f4 #ef4 a1 b1 c4 ,sc>abu ,n4 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #eeb4 ,no4 #ea4 ,de ,ge]1 vol4 #ad4 t4 #ai4 f4 #h1 #i4 ,,habitat3 ,antigua1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s1 ,jamaica1 ,m>yl&1 ,new ,york1 ,virg9ia1 c4 7,drury74 #fh;,head gre51 small1 quadrangul>1 & m>g9$4 ,on ! front is a tub]cle1 l a %ort ?ick horn2 9 ! middle is ano!r ly+ flat4 ,?orax m>g9$1 & ( a d>k gre5 col\r1 b r\nd ! sides ( a dirty clay col\r4 ,elytra fa9tly m>g9$2 9 "s specim5s be+ ( a d>k gre51 ) a d>k orange bord] on ! sides2 9 o!rs almo/ entirely ( a d>k orange1 & 9 o!rs p>ty-col\r$4 ,?orax t]m9at+ betwe5 ! w+-cases1 l an obtuse angle2 b a microscope discov]s some?+ l a scutellum4 ,brea/ & abdom5 %9+ gre51 & n hairy4 ,! femora & tibi clay-col\r$2 b :5 held 9 p>ticul> positions1 seem ( a %9+ gre54 ,po/]ior tro*ant]s di/9ct4 ,,macraspis ,,tetradactyla4 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #g4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,rutelid4 ,,g5us4 ,,macraspis1 ,mac,leay4 ,cetonia1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,macraspis ,,tetradactyla4 ,atra1 scutello elytris dimidio breviore1 p$ibus triunguiculatis1 pollice fixo4 7,long4 ,corp4 circ4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,tetradactylus1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 #ecj4 ,sloane ,jamaica1 t4 #bcg4 f4 #b4 ,cetonia ,t4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,el4 ,,ii4 p4 #aea4 #hj4 ,olivi] ,enc4 #a4 #f4 p4 #gd4 #ic4 t4 #b4 f4 #h4 t4 #g4 f4 #ec4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,entirely deep %9+ black4 ,front ( ! head m>g9$1 f :5ce und]nea? appe> two lips4 ,?orax m>g9$4 ,elytra n m>g9$1 nor cov]+ ! anus4 ,scutellum rem>kably l>ge & long1 rea*+ half way d[n ! w+-cases4 ,po/]ior tro*ant]s di/9ct4 ,/]num long4 ,tibi d5tat$1 & arm$ ) sp9es1 p>ticul>ly at ! tips2 t>sal jo9ts also furni%$ ) sp9es4 ,ungues compos$ ( two pr9cipal hooks1 :i* divide & sep>ate z usual2 b "o has an immoveable less] hook )9 x1 & likewise a long sp9e fix$ to ! la/ t>sal jo9t ( equal l5g? ) ! hooks1 z %ewn 9 ! figure ne> ! insect4 ,,gymnetis ,,lanius4 ,plate ,,xxxiii4 fig4 #h4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,g5us4 ,,gymnetis1 ,mac,leay4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,cetonia1 ,fabr4 ,,gymnetis ,,lanius4 ,livida1 ?orace punctis duobus1 elytris maculis plurimis nigris1 /]no antice cornuto4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,lanius1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #eeg4 ,no4 #gg8 ,cetonia ,l4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,el4 ,,ii4 p4 #ada4 #cd4 ,olivi] ,ent4 #af4 p4 #ai4 #ae4 t4 #b4 f4 #d4 ,sloane ,jamaica1 ,,ii4 tab4 #bcg4 f4 #g4 #h8 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head quadrangul>1 ) a black m>g94 ,ant5n br[n4 ,g5]al col\r dirty clay4 ,?orax fa9tly m>g9$1 t]m9at+ betwe5 ! w+-cases 9 a blunt angle1 hav+ f\r black spots on ! top ne> ! head4 ,elytra ) a great numb] ( black spots ( diff]5t %apes spr9kl$ all ov] !m4 ,scutellum conceal$4 ,femora hairy4 ,tibi ! same1 except ! =e ones2 all ( :i* are p>ty-col\r$1 be+ at ! base clay col\r1 & at ! tips black4 ,! t>si & ungues black4 ,po/]ior tro*ant]s l>ge & /rong4 ,/]num long1 & incl9$ f ! body4 #fi,,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,illu/ration ,,dyna/es ,,satyrus4 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 fig4 #a4 male4--#b4 female4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,dyna/id4 ,,g5us3 ,,dyna/es1 ,mac,leay4 ,geotrupes1 ,fabricius4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 c4 ,,dyna/es ,,satyrus4 ,?orace in]mi antice truncato2 capitis cornu recurvo capite longiori male2 clypeo tub]culato1 ?orace plano4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,geotrupes ,satyrus1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 #ae4 ,no4 #di4 ,sc>abu ,s4 ,fabr4 ,spec4 ,ins4 #a4 #ab4 ,no4 #db4 ,olivi] ,ent4 #ac4 p4 #ci4 t4 #aa4 f4 #id4 a4 b4 ,sc>abu ,jamaic5sis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,jablonsky1 ,nat4 ,s4 ,,ii4 p4 #hc4 ,no4 #fh4 t4 #i4 fig4 #h4 #i4 7nec ,sc>4 ,jamaic5sis1 ,fabr4 ,oliv47 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,male4 ,head black1 & furni%$ ) a s+le horn t]m9at+ 9 a po9t1 & b5d+ backw>ds1 hav+ 9 front two small protub]ances2 hairy b5ea?4 ,?orax black1 %9+ & m>g9$2 ! upp] "p elevat$1 & appe>+ almo/ p]p5dicul>4 ,elytra m>g9$ & furr[$2 also black1 z is ! anus4 ,abdom5 r$di% br[n1 ) d>k yell[ hairs4 ,?ighs br[n1 almo/ black2 broad1 /rong1 & hairy4 ,ant]ior tibi deeply d5tat$ ) a /rong sp9e at ! tips1 & hairy4 ,middle tibi /rong1 & v sp9ose2 p>ticul>ly at ! tips1 :]e !re are two long ones on ea*1 :i* are likewise v hairy4 ,ungues v small4 ,scutellum triangul> & small4 ,female4 ,resembles ! male 9 e "p b ! ?orax & head2 ! =m] be+ q smoo? & convex )\t any prom95ce1 & ! latt]1 9 ! room ( a horn1 has a small protub]ance1 j disc]nible by ! nak$ eye4 ,,dyna/es ,,ant,,u4 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 fig4 #c4 male4--#d4 female4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,dyna/id4 ,,g5us4 ,,dyna/es1 ,mac,leay4 ,geotrupes1 ,fabricius4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 c4 ,,dyna/es ,,ant,,u4 ,?orace tricorni2 cornu int]m$io longiori simplici1 capite mutico1 elytris lvissimis4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,antu1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 p4 #ab4 ,no4 #ca4 ,olivi] ,ent4 #a4 #c4 #bd4 ,no4 #bc4 t4 #ab4 f4 #aje4 t4 #ac4 f4 #abd4 a4 b4 ,geotrupes ,a4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 p4 #ab4 ,no4 #cf4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',am]4 ,col4 ,pl4 #a4 fig4 #e4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,male4 ,head black1 ) two small protub]ances l tee? 9 front4 ,?orax black1 smoo?1 %9+1 & m>g9$2 hav+ ?ree horns on x1 ea* ( :i* is ab\t a ?ird ( an in* 9 l5g?2 two ( :i* are plac$ ne> ! elytra1 almo/ erect1 incl9+ t[>ds ea* o!r1 b ) _! po9ts incl9+ to ! w+s2 ! ?ird arises f ! front ( ! ?orax1 b5d+ backw>ds 9 a curv$ direction4 ,elytra br[n1 v smoo?1 %9+1 & m>g9$4 ,scutellum triangul>4 ,abdom5 r$1 br[n1 & hairy4 ,tibi ! same col\r1 & hairy1 all ( !m be+ arm$ ) sp9es1 pr9cipally ab\t ! tips4 ,female4 ,resembles ! male 9 e respect except ! horns1 :i* are want+ 9 t sex4 #gj,,pelidnota ,,punctata4 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,rutelid4 ,,g5us4 ,,pelidnota1 ,mac,leay4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,pelidnota ,,punctata4 ,te/acea1 elytrorum s+ulo punctis tribus fuscis di/antibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,punctatus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #eeg4 #gf4 ,melolon?a ,p4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,el4 ,,ii4 p4 #aff4 #bh4 ,olivi] ,ent4 #a4 #e4 p4 #bb4 t4 #a4 f4 #f4 a4 b4 ,h]b/4 ,col4 ,,iii4 p4 #fi4 #af4 t4 #bc4 f4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,virg9ia1 ,m>yl&1 ,antigua4 ,head br[n orange2 b r\nd ! eyes 7:i* are black7 & next ! ?orax ( a %9+ brassy gre54 ,?orax & elytra br[n orange1 & fa9tly m>g9$2 ! =m] ) two small black spots1 & ! latt] ) ?ree on ea* side1 "o close to ! ?orax1 ano!r ne> ! corn] ( ! w+-cases1 & ! ?ird 9 ! middle4 ,scutellum %9+ bright gre54 ,abdom5 & legs gre5i% black4 ,tibi sp9ose & d5ticulat$1 especially at ! tips2 ! ?ree middle articulations ( ! t>si are also furni%$ ) sp9es4 ,,areoda ,,lanig]a4 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 fig4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,melolon?id4 ,,g5us4 ,,areoda1 ,lea*1 ,mac,leay4 ,melolon?a1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,areoda ,,lanig]a4 ,capite ?oraceque aureis1 elytris luteis1 corpore subtus lanato4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,lanig]us1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #eee4 #fg4 ,melolon?a ,l4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,el4 ,,ii4 p4 #afe4 #bf4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #e4 p4 #ba4 #ag4 t4 #d4 f4 #ci4 a4 b4 ,h]b/4 ,col4 ,,iii4 p4 #aeb4 #aji4 t4 #bf4 f4 #h4 ,areoda ,l4 ,mac,leay ,hor ,ent4 #a4 "p #a4 p4 #aeh4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 & o!r p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,head br[ni% yell[1 be+ divid$ 9 ! middle by a transv]se suture1 ! front or =e "p be+ m>g9$1 & v pla9 or ev52 po/]ior "p %9+ gre5 or pe>l col\r1 accord+ to ! v>i\s directions 9 :i* x is held4 ,?orax & scutellum ( a *angeable br[n yell[ col\r4 ,betwe5 ! ?orax & ! elytra is a r[ ( pale yell[ or :ite hairs4 ,elytra lemon-col\r$1 surr\nd$ by a v small1 n>r[1 black m>g91 & m9utely punctur$4 ,abdom5 %9+ gre5 black1 cov]$ ) a multitude ( grey hairs4 ,legs r$ br[n4 ,ant]ior tibi broad & ?92 be+ black on ! outside1 :]e !y are arm$ ) ?ree /rong sp9es or tee?4 ,int]m$iate & po/]ior tibi ) two spurs4 ,ungues rem>kably b5t & long4 #ga,,oryctes ,,nasicornis4 ,plate ,,xxxiv4 fig4 #g4 male4-#h4 female4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,dyna/id4 ,,g5us4 ,,oryctes1 ,illig]4 ,geotrupes1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,oryctes ,,nasicornis4 ,?orace prom95ti triplici1 capitis cornu recurvo1 elytris lvibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,nasicornis1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #aa4 p4 #edd4 ,no4 #ae4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #c4 p4 #cg4 ,no4 #da4 t4 #c4 f4 #ai4 a-d4 ,panz] ,faun4 ,ins4 ,g4 #bh4 ,no4 #b4 male4 ,roesel ,ins4 #aa4 ,i4 p4 #da-fe4 n4 #e4 t4 #g4 f4 #h4 male4 f4 #aj4 female4 t4 #f1 #h #i4 ,l>va1 ,pupa1 c4 ,/eph5s ,illu/r4 ,brit4 ,ent4 ,m&ibulata1 #c4 p4 #baf4 ,,habitat3 ,holl&1 & o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 ,male4 ,head black1 ) a horn t]m9at+ 9 a po9t1 & b5d+ backw>ds4 ,eyes r$ br[n4 ,?orax br[n1 almo/ black1 m>g9$ & prom95t1 t]m9at+ upw>ds 9 ?ree po9t$ tub]cles4 ,scutellum black1 & ne>ly triangul>4 ,elytra r$ br[n1 smoo?1 %9+1 slightly m>g9$4 ,! abdom51 legs1 & all ! "u p>ts ( a r$ br[n1 & hairy4 ,tibi sp9$4 ,female4 ,resembles ! male 9 e ?+ b ! head & ?orax2 hav+ on ! =m]1 in/ead ( ! horn1 a small tub]cle1 & on ! latt] a small impression 9 ! place ( ! po9t$ knobs4 ,?is insect has be5 introduc$ into ! li/ ( ,briti% species on ! au?ority ( ! late ,mr4 ,hawor?1 :o record$ ! fact ( a liv+ specim5 hav+ be5 tak5 by a bricklay] among/ old timb]1 on pull+ d[n ! ro( ( a build+ at ,*elsea1 7,entom4 ,trans1 vol4 i4 p4 #gf47 ,mr4 ,/eph5s1 h[ev]1 7loc4 supra citat47 ?9ks x v d\btful :e!r ! species be really indig5\s1 z x appe>s highly probable t ! specim5 above allud$ to1 may h be5 import$ among/ "s ( ! ,cont95tal plants :i* ab\nd 9 ! above vic9ity1 ! insect occurr+ v copi\sly 9 rott5 b>k1 ! refuse ( cons]vatories1 & putrid wood 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,cont95t4 ,,plate ,,xxxv4 ,illu/ration ,,onitis ,,sulcatus4 ,plate ,,xxxv4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]4 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,sc>abid4 ,,g5us4 ,,onitis1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,onitis ,,sulcatus4 ,at]1 capitis tub]culo unico1 elytris /riatis1 ?orace antic l9e irregul>i dorsali impresso4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,sulcatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,onitis ,nicanor1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 p4 #bi4 ,tabl4 ,col4 #b4 t4 #ae4 f4 #h4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head broad & ?91 hairy und]nea?2 t]m9at+ 9 a %ort /raight horn1 incl9+ backw>ds1 ) a small tub]cle on ea* side4 ,eyes almo/ surr\nd$ by ! ?9 sides ( ! head1 be+ plac$ s z to see bo? above & bel[ x4 ,?orax m>g9$1 ) sev]al protub]ances on its front2 & on ! top ) a /rong ind5t$ l9e runn+ f ! front to ! suture ( ! elytra1 :]e likewise #gb;its m>g9 is int]rupt$ by two small] impressions1 =m+ an appe>ance l a squ>e escut*eon4 ,elytra z long z ! ?orax1 m>g9$1 & deeply furr[$1 sc>cely rea*+ to ! anus4 ,g5]al col\r above black or rav5 grey1 b n %9+4 ,?ighs v /rong1 black1 & broad4 ,ant]ior tibi /rong1 ) ?ree tee? & a sp9e4 ,t>si & ungues v small4 ,middle & h9d] tibi small at ! base1 b broad & ?ick ) /rong sp9es at ! tips4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,,copris ,,c>ol9a4 ,plate ,,xxxv4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,sc>abid4 ,,g5us4 ,,copris1 ,ge(froy4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,copris ,,c>ol9a4 ,?orace retuso b9odi1 capitis cornu erecto brevissimo1 clypeo integro1 elytris sulcatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 circ4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,c>ol9us1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #aa4 #ede4 ,no4 #af4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 p4 #dc4 ,no4 #fj4 7,copris ,c47 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #c4 p4 #acd4 ,no4 #afj4 t4 #ab4 f4 #aac4 ,de ,ge] ,ins4 #d4 p4 #caj4 t4 #ah4 f4 #ac4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',am]4 et d',afr4 ,col4 pl4 #c4 a4 f4 #g4 ,,habitat3 ,m>yl&1 ,new ,york4 ,head broad & ?91 n hairy und]nea?4 ,ne> ! front is a ?ick tub]cle 7n ris+ to an horn1 z 9 ,fig4 ,i47 project+ =w>d1 be+ 9 "s specim5s 7probably females7 v small4 ,?orax m>g9$1 ly+ v high above ! head1 hav+ protub]ances 9 front1 :i* 9 "s are v fa9t1 & ) a small impression on ea* side ne> ! m>g9 on ! l[] "p4 ,elytra long] ?an ! ?orax1 m>g9$ & furr[$1 7b n s deeply z 9 ,fig4 ,i471 & rea*+ to ! anus4 ,g5]al col\r deep black1 & %9+ l pit*1 bo? on ! upp] & "u sides4 ,?ighs v /rong1 n hairy4 ,! ant]ior tibi /rong1 ) f\r tee?1 & a /rong sp9e to ea*4 ,! t>si & ungues v small4 ,! o!r tibi are l ^? 9 ! prec$+ figure4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,,phan,,u ,,c>nifex4 ,plate ,,xxxv4 fig4 #c4 #d4 male4--#e4 female4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,sc>abid4 ,,g5us4 ,,phan,,u1 ,mac,leay4 ,copris1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,,phan,,u ,,c>nifex4 ,?orace mutico angulato po/ice igneo-cupreo1 capitis cornu longo reflexo1 corpore neo4 7,long4 ,corp4 #h-aj l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,c>nifex1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #aa4 p4 #edf4 ,no4 #bb4 ,fab4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 #dh4 #hd4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #c4 p4 #ace4 ,no4 #afa4 t4 #f4 f4 #df4 a4 b4 t4 #aj4 f4 #hf4 v>4 female4 ,br[n ,jamaica1 #dbh4 t4 #dc4 f4 #e4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',am]4 ,col4 pl4 #c4 a4 f4 #h4 #i4 ,mac,leay ,hor ,entomol4 vol4 #a4 ,phanu ,c4 ,sc>abu ,pillul>ius ,am]icanus1 ,catesby ,c>ol9a1 #c4 p4 #aa4 tab4 #aa4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 ,c>ol9a1 c4 ,!re is no d\bt t all ^! figures belong to "o species2 ?\gh diff]+1 n only 9 size1 b /ructure4 ,ant5n light r$ br[n4 ,head ?91 r\nd$1 m>g9$1 & ( a gre5 gold5 col\r2 "s 7:i* are evid5tly males7 be+ furni%$ ) a smoo?1 r\nd1 black horn1 almo/ z long z ! ?orax1 & incl9+ backw>ds2 o!rs h only a small tub]cle 9 ! place ( ! horn2 & o!rs h a small horn1 ab\t "o-f\r? ! l5g? ( ! fir/ m5tion$1 z 9 ,fig4 ,,iv4 ,?orax #gcnext ! head gold5 gre52 beh9d & on ! upp] "p is gold5 r$1 & m>g9$1 r\gh & %agre5$4 ,9 ! horn$ specim5s ?is "p t]m9ates on ea* side ! po/]ior m>g9 9 a project+ angle1 :i* is m or less conspicu\s1 9 proportion z ! horn is long or %ort4 ,^? :i* are q hornless1 z ,fig4 ,v41 are entirely de/itute ( ^! angulat$ ris+s1 hav+ ! ?orax r\nd$1 b 9 its front a small black protub]ance or swell+ is se54 ,elytra gold5 gre51 incl9+ to a blue1 & v mu* *annell$1 ) small /ri plac$ betwe5 o!rs ( l>g] size1 ext5d+ almo/ ev5 ) ! anus4 ,abdom5 black1 ! sides %9+ gre54 ,ant]ior femora & tibi black & hairy2 ! latt] v /rong & d5tat$1 hav+ a long moveable sp9e fix$ on ! inn] edge ( ea*1 ext5d+ some:at beyond ! t>si1 :i* are v %ort & small4 ,int]m$iate & po/]ior ?ighs %9+ gold5 gre51 broad & /rong4 ,tibi black1 ) two sp9es 7"o v long7 at ! tips4 ,t>si five-jo9t$1 ungues s+le1 & n divid$ z mo/ insects h !m4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,,copris ,,m9utus4 ,plate ,,xxxv4 fig4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,sc>abid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,g5us4 ,,copris1 ,ge(froy4 ,sc>abu1 ,drury4 ,,copris ,,m9utus4 ,nig]1 capitis cornu p>vo erecto1 ?orace antic elevato et tub]culato1 elytris /riatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #d l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,m9utus4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,copris ,lvis4 ,s*onh4 ,syn4 #a4 #ed4 #abf4 7,nec ,lvis1 ,drury1 tab4 #ce4 f4 #g4 sec4 cit4 ,s*47 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,entirely black4 ,head broad & black1 ext5d+ on ea* side beyond ! eyes1 hav+ a small horn on x project+ =w>ds4 ,?orax m>g9$1 high & prom95t1 ) "s small protub]ances on its front4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,elytra furr[$1 long] ?an ! ?orax1 & m>g9$2 ext5d+ beyond ! anus4 ,femora /rong & r\nd4 ,tibi small at ! base1 ?ick5$ t[>ds ! tips1 & arm$ ) sp9es4 ,,coprobius ,l,,vis4 ,plate ,,xxxv4 fig4 #g4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,sc>abid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,g5us4 ,,coprobius1 ,latr4 ,ateu*us1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu p4 ,l9n4 ,,coprobius ,l,,vis4 ,nig] opacus lvis1 clypeo em>g9ato1 ?orace po/ice rotundato1 elytrorum lat]ibus hum]alibus haud incisis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,lvis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7#aggc47 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #c4 p4 #afj4 ,no4 #aig4 t4 #aj4 f4 #hi4 ,sc>abu ,volv5s1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 p4 #ff4 ,no4 #bba4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 p4 #fj4 ,no4 #bf4 7,ateu*us v47 7,exclus4 syn4 ,sc>4 pilul>ius1 ,l9n47 ,s*on4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #a4 #a4 p4 #fb4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,m>yl&4 ,entirely black1 %9+ l pit* on ! "u side4 ,head broad1 flatti%1 & smoo?4 ,?orax m>g9$1 smoo?1 & convex4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,elytra m>g9$1 smoo?1 n rea*+ to ! anus1 & r long] ?an ! ?orax4 ,ant]ior tibi hav+ ?ree tee? on _! out] sides1 above #gd:i* are sev]al v m9ute ones4 ,int]m$iate & po/]ior ?ighs & tibi small] ?an are usually obs]v$ among ^? lamellicorn beetles :i* h no scutellum4 ,! advantages result+ f ! mod]n me?od ( inve/igation adopt$ 9 ,natural ,hi/ory 9 g5]al1 & especially 9 ,entomology1 are no :]e m conspicu\s ?an 9 ! case ( ! pres5t species ( dung-roll+ beetles or pillul>ii1 z !y 7 aptly t]m$ by ,pl9y & o!r old writ]s2 ! pres5t species inhabit+ ,nor? ,am]ica1 hav+ be5 long conf\nd$ ) an inhabitant ( ,s\!rn ,europe1 :i* inde$ possesses a simil>ity 9 g5]al appe>ance & habits1 b belongs to a di/9ct g5us4 ,l9nu appli$ ! t]m pilul>ius specifically to ! species inhabit+ ,italy & ,spa92 ref]r+1 h[ev]1 to ,catesby's ,c>ol9a1 pl4 #aa41 s t x is evid5t t ?is writ] _h nev] se5 ! ,nor? ,am]ican insect4 ,s*onh] h[ev] rem>ks1 sc>abu pillul>ius ,l9n4 p]t9et ad ,at4 volv5s ,fabr2#bh :il/ ,fabricius1 al?\gh quot+ ,drury & ,de ,ge] 7:o bo? figure ! ,nor? ,am]ican species7 has increas$ ! confusion by giv+ ,s\!rn ,europe z its habitat4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,i h done our au?or ! ju/ice to rev]t to 8 specific "n2 8 be+ c]ta9ly ! e>lie/ sy/ematic specific ref]5ce to ! ,am]ican species1 :i* may be di/+ui%$ f ! ,european "o by ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3-- ,,g5us4 ,coprobius1 ,latreille4 7,elytra entire at ! sides2 int]m$iate tibi ) two spurs47 ,coprobius lvis1 ,drury4 7,sc>ab47 volv5s1 ,fabr4 ,,habitat4 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,,g5us4 ,gymnopleurus1 ,illig]4 7,elytra ) a deep lat]al not* ne> ! %\ld]s2 int]m$iate tibi ) "o spur47 ,gymnopleurus pilul>ius1 ,l9n4 7,sc>ab47 ,fabr4 ,oliv4 ,,habitat4 ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,,onitis ,,sp9ipes4 ,plate ,,xxxv4 fig4 #h4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,sc>abid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,g5us4 ,,onitis1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,onitis ,,sp9ipes4 ,exscutellatus nig] opacus1 capite subcornuto1 p$ibus int]m$iis dilatatis et incisis4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,sp9ipes1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7#aggc74 ,sc>abu ,sph9x1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 p4 #be4 ,no4 #ih4 7#agge47 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 p4 #bi4 #i4 7,onitis ,sp47 ,s*onh4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #a4 p4 #ca4 #aj4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a4 ,entirely black4 ,head m>g9$ & r\gh1 hav+ two small protub]ances entirely surr\nd+ ! eyes4 ,palpi r long4 ,?orax convex1 smoo?1 & m>g9$1 be+ z long z ! elytra1 & hav+ on ea* side ne> ! lat]al m>g9 a small impression4 ,on ! po/]ior m>g9 next ! suture are two m impressions1 & a long] "o betwe5 !m4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,elytra furr[$1 #ge;& ext5d+ to ! anus1 hav+ a d\ble m>g9 on ! sides4 ,ant]ior tibi z long z ! ?orax1 & rem>kable = n hav+ any t>si1 b be+ b5t inw>ds at _! extremities & d5tat$ on _! out] sides4 ,middle femora v broad & flat4 ,tibi %ort1 v n>r[1 & small at _! base1 b broad at ! tips4 ,h9d] ?ighs & tibi n s broad z ! middle ones4 ,t>si five-jo9t$4 ,,plate ,,xxxvi4 ,illu/ration ,,dyna/es ,,c5taurus4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,dyna/id1 ,mac,leay4 ,,g5us4 ,,dyna/es1 ,mac,leay4 ,geotrupes1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,latr4 ,,dyna/es ,,c5taurus4 ,?oracis cornu incurvo basi d5tato apice bifido1 capitis recurvato unid5tato4 7,long4 ,corp4 #b unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,c5taurus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 p4 #d4 ,no4 #e4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 p4 #d4 ,no4 #e4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #c4 p4 #ad4 n4 #i4 t4 #aa4 f4 #ajd4 ,jablonsk4 ,nat4 ,sy/4 #a4 #bbc4 ,no4 #d4 t4 #b4 f4 #a4 ,s*on4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #a4 p4 #d4 ,no4 #aj4 ,sc>ab4 ,gideon1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,l9n47 ,,habitat3 ,si]ra ,leone 7,drury74 ,9 ,india ,ori5tali1 ,africa 7,fabricius74 ,head & ?orax black2 ! latt] t]m9at+ 9 a horn ne> an in* & a half long1 /&+ almo/ erect1 b b5d+ =w>d & dim9i%+ t[>ds ! end1 :i* is =k$1 hav+ a /rong sp9e on ea* side ( ! front ne> ! base4 ,! head is furni%$ ) ano!r horn t incl9es backw>ds t[>ds ! o!r1 & at ! extremity is curl$ & po9t$1 hav+ a squ>e knob plac$ on ea* side ne> ! curl4 ,elytra d>k br[n1 almo/ black1 smoo? & %9+4 ,tibi arm$ ) sp9es & hairs4 ,drury /ates t ?is insect 0 br\ght f ,si]ra ,leone1 & t x lives 9 ! mangrove trees2 _m specim5s hav+ be5 tak5 f !nce4 ,,tri*ius ,,fasciatus4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,cetoniid4 ,,g5us4 ,,tri*ius1 ,fabricius4 ,cetonia p4 ,oliv4 ,sc>abu1 p4 ,l9n4 ,,tri*ius ,,fasciatus4 ,nig]1 flavo-rufo-tom5tosus1 elytris atris fasciis duabus luteis int]n conflu5tibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #g-h l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,fasciatus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 ,,ii4 p4 #eef4 ,fabricius ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 #aai4 ,donovan ,brit4 ,ins4 #d4 pl4 #adj4 ,/eph4 ,illu/r4 ,brit4 ,ent4 ,m&ibulata1 #c4 p4 #bcj4 ,tri*ius ,succ9ctus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 ,,ii4 p4 #acb 7v>iety74 ,,habitat3 ,g]many1 ,france1 ,engl&4 ,head & ?orax black1 b ?ickly cov]$ ) yell[ hairs4 ,! scutellum black & triangul>4 ,elytra tawny yell[1 n rea*+ to ! anus2 hav+ a black m>g91 & ?ree l>ge black spots situat$ on ! lat]al m>g94 ,abdom5 & brea/ black1 & cov]$ ) hairs ( a v light or pale yell[4 ,femora & tibi black & hairy4 #gf,! insect "h figur$ is reg>d$ by mo/ au?ors z a v>iety only ( ! ,tri*ius fasciatus4 ,fabricius1 h[ev]1 consid]$ x z a di/9ct species1 :i* he nam$ ,tri*ius succ9ctus4 ,dessau also1 9 ! ,bullet9 des ,sci5ces ,naturelles 7,febru>y #ahbi71 has publi%$ "s obs]vations1 9 ord] to prove ! specific di/9ctness ( ?is & two o!r species ) :i* x is g5]ally reg>d$ z id5tical4 ,its habits are diff]5t f ^? ( ! o!r ,tri*ii2 be+ g5]ally f\nd ^u fl[]s1 a peculi>ity1 ) :i* its hirsute body & bee-l appe>ance app>5tly (f] "s indicatorial connexions4 ,x is extremely r>e 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,,dyna/es ,,titanus4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #c4 male4--#d4 female4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,dyna/id1 ,mac,leay4 ,,g5us4 ,,dyna/es1 ,mac,leay4 ,geotrupes1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,dyna/es ,,titanus4 ,?orace tricorni1 int]m$io longiori apice bifido1 lat]alibus sub>cuatis acutis1 capite mutico4 7,long4 ,corp4 cum corn4 ?orac4 #a unc4 #g l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>ab4 ,titanus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 p4 #ac4 ,no4 #cf4 ,sy/4 ,el4 #a4 p4 #ac4 ,no4 #ci4 ,jablonsk4 ,nat4 ,sy/4 #a4 p4 #bhb4 t4 #f4 f4 #b4 male4 ,olivi]1 #a4 #c4 t4 #e4 f4 #ch4 ,sc>abu ,simson1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,l9n47 ,sc>abu major nig] tricornis1 ,sloane ,jamaica1 vol4 #b4 t4 #bcg4 f4 #d4 #e4 ,! ,great ,br[n ,sawy]1 ,br[n's ,jamaica1 p4 #dbh4 t4 #dc4 f4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,male4 ,head black4 ,ant5n d>k br[n4 ,?orax black1 smoo?1 & %9+1 & arm$ ) ?ree horns2 two ( :i*1 be+ ab\t "o-?ird ( an in* 9 l5g?1 are plac$ on ! upp] "p on ea* side1 ly+ almo/ p>allel ) ! body4 ,b5ea? ^!1 ne> ! head1 rises ano!r f ! middle ( ! ?orax1 :i* is a little long] ?an ! two fir/1 b5d+ upw>ds1 & =k$ at ! extremity4 ,elytra r r\gh & furr[$1 b %9+ & black4 ,tibi arm$ ) sp9es1 especially at ! extremity1 :i* facilitate ! animal 9 its passage4 ,abdom5 black2 anus ) a r[ ( light br[n hairs4 ,female4 ,diff]s f ! male *iefly 9 ! ?orax1 :i* is entirely un>m$4 ,black & %9+1 b r less s ?an ! males2 & 9 ! front1 j above ! head1 is a small impression4 ,all ! "u p>ts ( ! insect :i* 9 ! males are black1 9 ?is sex are ( a d>k r$di% br[n4 ,9 o!r circum/ances x resembles ! male4 ,,dyna/es ,,gideon4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,dyna/id1 ,mac,leay4 ,,g5us4 ,,dyna/es1 ,mac,leay4 ,geotrupes1 ,fabr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,dyna/es ,,gideon4 ,?oracis cornu incurvo maximo apice bifido1 capitis recurvato bifido supra unid5tato4 7,long4 ,corp4 cum corn4 #b unc4 #d l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,gideon1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #eda4 ,no4 #b4 ,swamm]dam ,book ( ,nature1 t4 #cj4 f4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 p4 #d4 ,no4 #c4 ,olivi] ,ent4 #a4 #c4 p4 #ad4 t4 #aa4 f4 #ajb4 ,sc>abu ,orom$on1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 p4 #d4 ,no4 #d4 7,v>4 prc$5tis47 ,,habitat3 ,ea/ ,india4 #gg;,g5]al col\r d>k br[n1 almo/ black4 ,?orax smoo? & %9+1 z if poli%$1 & t]m9at+ 9 a /rong ?ick horn1 :i* incl9es =w>d 9 a curv$ position1 & is =k$ at ! end4 ,f ! head also spr+s ano!r /rong horn1 =k$ at ! extremity1 :i* 9 l5g? corresponds ) ! fir/2 its out] side be+ broad & r\nd1 b its inn] side1 or t opposite ! o!r horn1 is ?9 & %>p1 hav+ a small swell+ 9 ! middle4 ,elytra smoo? & %9+1 ) a n>r[ m>g94 ,ant]ior tibi ) f\r tee?2 two be+ at ! tip1 & two a little above !m4 ,! o!r tibi are furni%$ ) sev]al %>p sp9es 7five or six71 *iefly ab\t ! tips2 :i*1 z notic$ 9 ,d4 ,titanus1 assi/ ! animal 9 its passage4 ,anus n hairy1 z 9 _m o!r species4 ,,cyclocephala ,,signata4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,rutelid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,g5us4 ,,cyclocephala1 ,latreille4 ,*alepus1 ,mac,leay4 ,sc>abu1 ,drury4 ,,cyclocephala ,,signata4 ,glabra1 pallid lutea1 ?orace l9eis duabus1 elytris maculis tribus1 duabus aut nullis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #g-h l947 ,,syn4 ,melolon?a ,signata4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #afi4 ,no4 #ea4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #e4 t4 #d4 f4 #cc4 #cf4 ,h]b/4 ,col4 ,,iii4 p4 #gi4 f4 #b4 #cb4 ,sc>abu ,amazonus8 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,sloane ,hi/4 ,jamaica1 #aa4 p4 #bjf4 #h4 t4 #bcg4 f4 #ch4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,l9n47 ,,habitat3 ,antigua1 ,new ,york1 ,virg9ia1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s4 ,entirely d>k dirty /raw-col\r$4 ,?orax m>g9$1 ) two oblong black spots on x4 ,scutellum triangul>4 ,elytra m>g9$1 ) two small fa9t br[n spots on ea*4 ,abdom5 & legs hairy1 ! =m] ext5d+ beyond ! ends ( ! elytra4 ,ant]ior tibi sp9ose2 ! int]nal spur be+ rem>kably long4 ,,coprobius ,,triangul>is4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #g4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,,family3 ,sc>abid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,g5us4 ,,coprobius1 ,latr4 ,sc>abu1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,ateu*us1 ,fabr4 ,,coprobius ,,triangul>is4 ,nig]2 clypeo bid5tato1 ?oracis m>g9e fulvo obtus angulato1 femoribus po/icis brunueis4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #f l947 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,triangul>is1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #cj4 ,no4 #abb4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 p4 #fc4 ,no4 #db4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #a4 #c4 p4 #aff4 t4 #ae4 f4 #aci4 ,,habitat3 ,sur9am4 ,head dirty gre54 ,?orax v convex & broad1 d>k yell[ all r\nd ! edge1 b black 9 ! middle1 & ( a copp]y hue4 ,elytra black & m>g9$4 ,abdom5 yell[4 ,anus black4 ,?ighs yell[4 ,tibi & t>si black4 ,scutellum obsolete4 #gh,,on?ophagus ,,s]ratipes4 ,plate ,,xxxvi4 fig4 #h4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,lamellicornes4 ,family3 ,sc>abid1 ,mac,leay4 ,,g5us4 ,,on?ophagus1 ,latreille4 ,copris1 ,fabricius4 ,sc>abu1 ,drury4 ,,on?ophagus ,,s]ratipes4 ,nig]1 capite lato1 abdom9e subneo1 elytris /riatis luteo m>g9atis4 7,long4 ,corp4 l94 #e47 ,,syn4 ,sc>abu ,s]ratipes1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a4 ,head & ?orax black2 ! =m] v broad4 ,ant5n are black4 ,abdom5 d>k gre51 almo/ black4 ,scutellum obsolete4 ,elytra r long] ?an ! ?orax1 furr[$ & black1 slightly m>g9$2 j above :i*1 all r\nd _! ext]nal edges1 !y are ( a dirty clay col\r4 ,anus ! same4 ,,plate ,,xxxvii4 ,illu/ration ,,prionus 7,,or?osoma7 ,,p5sylvanicus4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,prionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,prionus1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx1 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us3 ,or?osoma1 ,s]v4 ,,prionus 7,,or?osoma7 ,,p5sylvanicus4 ,obscurus1 ?orace m>g9ato trid5tato1 pectore abdom9eque f]rug9eis1 ant5nis brevibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,p5sylvanicus1 ,de ,ge] ,mem4 #e4 p4 #ii4 t4 #ac4 f4 #ac4 ,c]ambyx unicolor1 ,drury4 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,c]ambyx brunneus1 ,=/] ,c5t4 ,ins4 p4 #cg4 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,n4 7,gmel47 #a4 iv4 #ahbh4 ,c]ambyx cyl9droides1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 7,ed4 ,gmel47 #a4 iv4 #ahah4 ,prionus cyl9dricus1 ,fabr4 ,sp4 ,ins4 #a4 p4 #bjg4 #ad4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #bfa4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 iv4 #ff4 p4 #bc4 t4 #a4 f4 #f4 ,latr4 ,g54 ,cr4 ,,iii4 p4 #cc4 ,s]v4 ,ann4 ,soc4 ,ent4 ,france1 #a4 #aef4 7,or?osoma c47 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,head d>k *esnut-col\r$4 ,ant5n ab\t two-?irds ( ! l5g? ( ! insect4 ,?orax some:at d>k]1 r\nd$1 & m>g9$2 hav+ ?ree small sp9es on ea* side4 ,scutellum semi-oval4 ,elytra light *esnut1 m>g9$1 & flatti%2 be+ ab\t ?ree times ! l5g? ( ! ?orax & head1 & broad at _! extremities4 ,abdom51 ?ighs1 & tibi r$ *esnut1 %9+ z if poli%$4 ,,prionus 7,,d]obra*us7 ,,laticollis4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,prionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,prionus1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx1 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us3 ,d]obra*us1 ,s]v4 ,,prionus 7,,d]obra*us7 ,,laticollis4 ,nig] latus1 ?orace m>g9ato transv]so1 trid5tato1 atro nitido2 ant5nis brevibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,laticollis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,prionus brevicornis1 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 p4 #bfj4 #ae4 ,s*4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #c4 #cci4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',am]4 ,col4 ,pl4 #cd4 f4 #c4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,head black4 ,ant5n #ab-;jo9t$1 ab\t half ! l5g? ( ! insect4 ,?orax black1 broad1 %ort1 & %9+2 ?ick 9 ! middle1 b on ! sides ?9 & jagg$4 ,scutellum bell-%ap$4 ,elytra #gir\gh1 black1 & m>g9$ on ! sides & suture2 ext5d+ 9 "o ( ! sexes beyond ! anus4 ,abdom5 & "u p>ts black & %9+4 ,tibi ) two %ort spurs4 ,t>si b5ea? ( a dirty clay col\r4 ,,/5ocorus 7,,eburia7 ,,quadrimaculatus4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,/5ocorus1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us3 ,eburia1 ,s]ville4 ,,/5ocorus 7,,eburia7 #d-,,maculatus4 ,pallid luteus1 ?orace sp9oso scabro1 elytris bid5tatis maculis b9is glabris albidis4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,c]4 #d-maculatus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #aa4 p4 #fbf4 #bg8 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,el4 ,,ii4 p4 #cjh4 #af4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #ahj4 #aa4 ,trans4 ,ent4 ,soc4 #a4 p4 #hc4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 iv4 #fg4 p4 #de4 #eh4 t4 #ba4 f4 #afd4 ,sloan4 ,hi/4 ,jamaica1 #a4 p4 #bji4 #bj4 #aa4 tab4 #bcg4 f4 #ba4 ,s]ville ,ann4 ,soc4 de ,franc4 #c4 p4 #i4 7,eburia q47 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head pale clay-col\r$4 ,ant5n 7be+ ! l5g? ( ! insect7 ( a r$d] col\r1 & at _! bases almo/ surr\nd$ by ! eyes4 ,?orax ( ! same col\r z ! head1 v cyl9drical2 hav+ a %>p sp9e on ea* side1 & two %ort black ones on ! top4 ,scutellum small1 & semi-oval4 ,elytra pale clay-col\r$1 hav+ on ea* two sp9es at ! tip ( ea*1 ! inn] "o be+ ! small]2 & hav+ also f\r oblong yell[ spots1 two plac$ at ! middle & two at ! base4 ,ea* ( ^! spots appe>s to be compos$ ( a l>ge & a small "o jo9$ close toge!r2 ! l>ge/ 79 ! upp] spots7 be+ ! inn] "o1 & 9 ! l[] spots be+ ! out] "o4 ,abdom5 & legs ( ! same col\r z ! head1 c42 ! f\r po/]ior femora ) two small sp9es at ! tips4 ,,clytus ,,longipes4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,clytus1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx1 ,l9nu4 ,,clytus ,,longipes4 ,obscur rufesc5s2 ?orace cyl9drico1 elytris pallid s]iceis1 lunulis quatuor fuscis apiceque d5tato4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx longipes1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,s*4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #c4 #dji4 #dc4 ,c]ambyx lunulatus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 7,gmel47 #a4 iv4 p4 #ahfd4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,g5]al col\r d>k r$ br[n4 ,ant5n ab\t half ! l5g? ( ! insect4 ,?orax cyl9drical1 & cov]$ ) a f9e %ort d[n or hair2 hav+ on ea* side a small tub]cle or swell+1 )\t any sp9e4 ,scutellum small1 & semi-oval4 ,elytra p>ty-col\r$2 ! light] p>ts 7z se5 9 ! plate7 be+ cov]$ ) ! same k9d ( %ort hair z ! ?orax2 ) f\r sp9es at _! extremities1 ! two inn] ones be+ ! smalle/4 ,abdom5 ) ?ree yell[ spots on ea* side1 & ano!r at ! anus4 ,! body has likewise a l>ge "o on ea* side1 & ano!r ne> ! brea/1 jo9+ to ! middle legs4 ,f\r h9d legs long4 ,femora r\gh1 ) two %ort sp9es at ! tips4 ,tibi ) two spurs4 #hj,,/5ocorus 7,,*lorida7 ,,fe/ivus4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,/5ocorus1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,*lorida1 ,s]v4 ,,/5ocorus 7,,*lorida7 ,,fe/ivus4 ,?orace utr9que bid5tato1 elytris bid5tatis viridibus l9e lat]ali lute4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,fe/ivus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #aa4 p4 #fbc4 #aa4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #agi4 #d4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #aa4 p4 #cje4 #c4 ,h]b/4 ,ar*4 p4 #ib4 t4 #be4 f4 #ab4 ,s]ville ,ann4 ,soc4 ,ent4 de ,franc4 #c4 #cb4 7,*lorida f47 ,c]ambyx ,sulcatus1 ,oliv4 ,ent4 iv4 p4 #fg4 p4 #bh4 #cb4 t4 #af4 f4 #aac4 ,c]ambyx ,sp9ipes1 ,de ,ge] ,ins4 v4 t4 #ac4 f4 #ad4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head clay-col\r$4 ,ant5n ab\t two-?irds ! l5g? ( ! insect1 v d>k br[n2 fir/ articulation clay-col\r$4 ,?orax also clay-col\r$2 hav+ two sp9es on ea* side ( x1 "o l>g] ?an ! o!r4 ,scutellum small1 & ne>ly triangul>4 ,elytra m>g9$ at ! sides & suture1 ea* ) two sp9es at ! extremities1 ! inn] ones be+ ! smalle/2 gre51 & deeply furr[$ or groov$1 hav+ a yell[ l9e runn+ along _! lat]al m>g9s4 ,legs1 abdom51 & all ! "u side clay-col\r$4 ,tibi arm$ ) two sp9es at ! tips4 ,,/5ocorus 7,,c]asphorus7 ,,balteatus4 ,plate ,,xxxvii4 fig4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,/5ocorus1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,c]asphorus1 ,s]v4 ,,/5ocorus 7,,c]asphorus7 ,,balteatus4 ,?orace cyl9drico #a-sp9oso2 elytris bid5tatis griseis macul oblong obliqu4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx balteatus1 ,de ,ge] ,ins4 v4 p4 ,,iii4 t4 #ad4 f4 #c4 ,/5o*orus g>ganicus1 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #agh4 #c4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #cje4 #b4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 iv4 #fg4 t4 #ae4 f4 #aje4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',am]4 ,col4 pl4 #cg4 f4 #c4 ,c]ambyx c9ctus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia1 ,new ,york1 ,m>yl&1 ,antigua4 ,g5]al col\r greyi% hazle4 ,ant5n long] ?an ! insect4 ,?orax cyl9drical1 ) a s+le %ort sp9e on ea* side4 ,scutellum triangul>1 & ( a yell[i% col\r4 ,elytra m>g9$2 hav+ an oblong spot1 ( a fa9t yell[i% col\r1 runn+ transv]sely cross ea*1 ne> ! ?orax1 ) two small sp9es ( equal size at ! tip ( ea*4 ,x is cov]$ all ov] ) %ort hair1 or d[n4 ,,plate ,,xxxviii4 ,illu/ration ,,prionus 7,,/5odontes7 ,,damicornis4 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,prionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,prionus1 ,ge(froy4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,/5odontes1 ,s]v4 ,,prionus 7,,/5odontes7 ,,damicornis4 ,?orace m>g9ato d5ticulato1 m&ibulis porrectis bid5tatis1 elytris brunneis4 7,long4 ,corp4 m&ib4 inclus4 #c unc4 #g l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,damicornis1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 #a4 p4 #ecb4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #afb4 #aj4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #bfb4 #bc4 7,prionus d47 ,de ,ge] ,ins4 v4 p4 #ig4 #b4 ,lucanus fuscus maximus1 ,br[ne ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,jamaica1 p4 #dbi4 t4 #dd4 f4 #h4 ,sloane ,jamaica1 vol4 #b4 tab4 #cg4 fig4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,am]ica 7,fabricius74 #ha;,head d>k br[n1 almo/ black1 broad1 l>ge & r\gh on ! top2 m&ibles triangul> & %>p po9t$1 b5d+ or incl9+ t[>ds ea* o!r2 some:at long] ?an ! head1 & a little hairy )92 hav+ a too? or sp9e on ! inn] edge1 ne> ! po9t1 & ano!r ne> ! base4 ,?orax ( ! same col\r z ! head2 v r\gh & unev5 at top1 be+ m>g9$ on ! ant]ior & po/]ior edges2 ! sides be+ ?9 & s]rat$4 ,ant5n1 r %ort] ?an ! insect1 & plac$ be=e ! eyes4 ,scutellum triangul>4 ,elytra br[n & m>g9$1 n rea*+ to ! anus4 ,abdom5 & legs d>k r$ br[n4 ,! tibi ) ?ree small spurs4 ,! l>va ( ?is beetle is a great fle%y grub1 :i* lives 9 ! /umps ( tree4 ,x is eat5 by _m p]sons1 by :om x is consid]$ a great da9ty4 ,! p]fect insect is call$ by ! natives ! macokko beetle4 ,! foll[+ obs]vations1 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,drury 9 ! introduction to 8 ?ird volume1 w be read ) int]e/ f ! _s ( practical utility 9 :i* !y are writt54 ,! l>v or cat]pill>s1 n only ( ?is b ( all ! beetles t fe$ on decay$ wood1 seem to be ri* & delicate eat+1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! ,curculio palm>um 7vid4 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 p4 #fjf4 #a471 & 9 g5]al all ^? ( ! ,c]ambyces4 ,s t e =e/ 9 ! torrid zone af=ds a man pl5ty ( v :olesome & he>ty n\ri%m5t1 :o has an in/rum5t /rong en\gh to cut 9 pieces ! decay$ trees4 ,?is k might h sav$ ! lives p]haps ( _m seam5 :o h be5 %ipwreck$ on des]t equ9octial %ores1 :i* are g5]ally cov]$ ) ?ick woods4 ,mr4 ,smea?man has met ) _m m>itime p1 :o1 by liv+ on a scanty all[ance ( unripe fruits1 crude roots1 co>se se$s1 nuts1 & o!r tra%1 aft] a %ipwreck1 or 9 o!r cases ( di/ress s frequ5t ) p 9 ! ,african trade1 h made !mselves exce$+ sick1 & mu* increas$ _! h>d%ips1 :i* by means ( ^! cat]pill>s only1 might h be5 greatly alleviat$4 ,! v be/ k9d ( vegetable food is b poor n\ri%m5t = ! lab\r+ ,europeans1 if n accompani$ ) animal fle%1 or at lea/ ) animal or vegetable oils2 & su* foods z seam5 9 di/ress meet )1 z above m5tion$1 h (t5times v acrimoni\s qualities1 & are dang]\s ev5 9 small quantities to ^? :o eat !m at int]vals1 ei!r out ( m]e curiosity or to gratify _! appetites2 :ile ^! k9ds ( insect foods1 ab\nd+ ) a v ri* & delici\s oil1 are consequ5tly ! mo/ :olesome & nutriti\s :i* m5 9 ! situation above describ$ c\ld possibly procure1 requir+ no o!r prep>ation ?an roa/+ 9 any mann]4 7,see ,philosophical ,transactions47 ,to ?is k9d ( food may be add$ t ( ! t]mites & locu/s 9 g5]al among ! insect tribes1 :i* are n only :olesome to all1 b palatable to _m4 ,at any rate !y are suffici5t to support life2 & ! k ( su* a res\rce univ]sally ext5d$1 might 9 _m in/ances be ! means ( sav+ ! lives ( adv5tur]s to di/ant climes4 ,besides ^! means ( subsi/5ce1 if ! botani/s c\ld po9t out a pla9 & obvi\s me?od = m5 9 g5]al to di/+ui% ! noxi\s roots & h]bs f ^? :i* are edible1 m5 ?r[n on any ?+ b m]e rocks & s&banks w\ld readily f9d subsi/5ce1 ! k9d h& ( nature be+ ext5d$ all ov] ! #hbsurface ( our globe to e "o :o w accept ! fri5dly invitation1 & use ! means %e has ) su* a mo!rly t5d]ness (f]$ = our b5efit & support4 ,mr4 ,smea?man has assur$ me1 t 9 cle>+ ! gr\nd 9 ,africa he has f\nd great quantities ( roots ( ! yam & potatoe k9d 7,convolvulus ,batatas71 t grew spontane\sly1 & :i* ! slaves f di/ant int]ior regions knew exce$+ly well1 & s\ght = ) great avidity4 ,he liv$ ne> two ye>s 9 ,africa be=e he f\nd t ! mo/ excell5t gre5s = boil+ grew wild 9 e op5 glade ( ! isl&1 & ev5 close to 8 v door4 ,i m5tion ^! ?+s because !y are all )9 ! p[] ( m5 9 ! mo/ nak$1 un>m$1 & unprep>$ situation1 & require nei!r fire-arms or o!r p[]ful app>atus to obta9 !m2 & %ew t 9 ^! cases1 z well z _m o!rs1 ! /udy ( natural hi/ory is ( no small importance to mank9d1 s9ce x may n only promote trade1 arts1 & sci5ces1 b be conducive to ! imm$iate happ9ess & safety ( m5's lives4 ,,prionus 7,,mallodon7 ,,melanopus4 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,prionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,prionus1 ,ge(froy4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,mallodon1 ,s]v4 ,,prionus 7,,mallodon7 ,,melanopus4 ,?orace m>g9ato d5ticulato1 m&ibulis porrectis multid5tatis1 elytris ad apicem mucronatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 m&ib4 inclus4 #b unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,melanopus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #fbc4 #h4 ,fabricius ,sp4 ,ins4 #a4 p4 #bjh4 #bj4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #bfd4 #cd4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 iv4 #ff4 p4 #ah4 t4 #ab4 f4 #df4 ,m]ian ,ins4 ,sur9am1 t4 #bd4 f4 #a4 ,c]ambyx cr5ulatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica 7,drury74 ,9 ,am]ica ,m]idionali 7,fabr474 ,head %ort & black4 ,m&ibles %ort4 ,ant5n d>k br[n1 almo/ black2 %ort] ?an ! insect4 ,! ?orax broad1 r\gh & black1 m>g9$ on ! po/]ior & ant]ior edges2 hav+ _m small %>p sp9es on its sides1 ! two la/ ( :i* are l>g] ?an ! re/1 & hav+ two tub]cles on ! upp] side4 ,elytra d>k br[n1 almo/ black1 m>g9$ on ! sides & suture1 ) a small sp9e on ea*1 at ! extremities1 & ext5d+ a little beyond ! anus4 ,abdom5 smoo? & %9+1 & ( a d>k br[n col\r1 ne>ly black4 ,sides ( ! brea/ hairy4 ,legs d>k br[n1 almo/ black1 smoo? & %9+1 ) ?ree small tibial spurs4 ,,prionus 7,,mallodon7 ,,maxillosus4 ,plate ,,xxxviii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,prionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,prionus1 ,ge(froy4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,mallodon1 ,s]v4 ,,prionus 7,,mallodon7 ,,maxillosus4 ,?orace m>g9ato cr5ato1 m&ibulis porrectis intus hirsutis quadrid5tatis1 elytris ad apicem mucronatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #b unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,maxillosus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #afc4 #aea4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #bfd4 #ca4 7,prionus m47 ,oliv4 ,ent4 iv4 #ff4 p4 #af4 t4 #a4 f4 #c4 ,,habitat3 ,b>buda1 ne> ,antigua1 :]e x 0 f\nd dead at ! foot ( a tree4 7,drury74 ,am]ica 7,fabr474 #hc;,head black1 broad1 & v r\gh above1 ) two /rong1 ?ick1 black triangul> m&ibles1 ne>ly z long z ! ?orax2 hav+ ! inn] m>g9 v hairy1 & arm$ ) tee?2 %>p po9t$ at ! tips1 ) _! po9ts b5d+ t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,ant5n ab\t half ! l5g? ( ! insect2 close und]nea? :i* on ea* side is a /rong sp9e4 ,?orax black1 z broad z ! elytra2 v r\gh on ! sides1 b %9+ 9 ! middle1 ! surface be+ v unev52 ! ant]ior angle project+ beyond ! edge4 ,scutellum semi-oval4 ,elytra d>k r$ br[n1 %9+1 & m>g9$ deeply on ! edges1 b fa9tly along ! suture2 hav+ a v %ort & small sp9e at ! extremities1 & ext5d+ a little beyond ! anus4 ,abdom5 r$ br[n1 smoo? & %9+4 ,legs r$ br[n1 & smoo?1 be+ furni%$ ) ?ree v small tibial spurs4 ,,plate ,,xxxix4 ,illu/ration ,,c]ambyx 7,,hamati*]us7 ,,h]os4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,c]ambyx1 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,hamati*]us1 ,zeigl4 ,c]ambyx1 ,,s]v4 ,,c]ambyx 7,,hamati*]us7 ,,h]os4 ,?orace sp9oso rugoso1 nig]1 elytris subsp9osis piceis1 ant5nis longis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,h]os1 ,fabr4 ,mant4 #a4 p4 #acb4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #bgj4 #ba4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 iv4 #fg4 p4 #ab4 t4 f4 #a4 ,panz] ,f4 ,i4 ,g4 #hb4 pl4 #a4 ,c]ambyx c]do 7v>4 major71 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #fbi4 #ci4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,italy1 ,smyrna1 ,sc&>oon1 ,sicily1 ,gibralt> 7,drury74 ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,head dirty black4 ,ant5n black1 mu* long] ?an ! body4 ,?orax v r\gh1 r\nd1 black & %9+1 hav+ a sp9e on ea* side2 ! =e-"p1 next ! head1 appe>+ z if surr\nd$ by a groove4 ,scutellum small & triangul>4 ,elytra black & m>g9$1 d>k br[n at ! extremities1 & n>r[1 cov]+ ! anus2 hav+ a small sp9e on ea*1 & be+ v r\gh1 & %agre5$4 ,abdom5 & legs black4 ,tibi clo!d ) %ort br[n hair1 & t]m9at$ by two sp9es2 "u side ( ! t>si cu%ion$4 ,,tra*yd]es ,,succ9ctus4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,tra*yd]es1 ,dalm4 79 ,s*4 ,syn4 ,,iii4 p4 #cfd47 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,tra*yd]es ,,succ9ctus4 ,?orace bisp9oso rugoso1 elytris fasci flav1 ant5nis longioribus compressis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx succ9ctus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #fbg4 #cb4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #afh4 #af4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #bgd4 #bj4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 iv4 #fg4 p4 #bj4 t4 #g4 f4 #dc4 a4 b4 ,de ,ge] ,ins4 v4 t4 #ad4 f4 #e4 ,c]ambyx ,zon>ius1 ,voet4 ,col4 ,ed4 ,panz4 ,,iii4 p4 #bj4 t4 #g4 f4 #ag4 ,quici1 ,macgr4 ,brazil1 ,lib4 vii4 p4 #be4 #d4 ,jon/on ,hi/4 ,nat4 ,ins4 t4 #ad4 ,,habitat3 ,sur9am 7,drury74 ,9 ,am]ica m]idionali 7,fabr474 ,head d>k br[n1 or dirty black1 & v r\gh4 ,ant5n long] ?an ! insect1 ) ! two basal jo9ts bluei% black2 ! re/ r$ br[n1 ! extremity ( ea* jo9t be+ bluei% black4 ,?orax d>k br[n1 %9+1 & v r\gh1 ) l>ge swell+ 9 ! middle2 hav+ two %ort ?ick tub]cles #hdon ea* side4 ,scutellum l>ge & long4 ,elytra d>k br[n1 m>g9$ & %9+1 r broad at _! extremities1 & sp9eless2 hav+ a n>r[ transv]se yell[ b> 9 ! middle4 ,abdom5 d>k br[n4 ,femora d>k br[n at ! base1 black at ! tips4 ,tibi & t>si r$ br[n2 ! latt] cu%ion$ b5ea? ) yell[ pile4 ,,lamia ,,cap5sis4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,g5us4 ,,lamia1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,lamia ,,cap5sis4 ,?orace bisp9oso2 nigra1 elytris fasciis quatuor rufis1 ant5nis m$iocribus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #d l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,cap5sis1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #fbh4 #cf4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #agc4 #ad4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 #bif4 #gh4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 iv4 #fg4 p4 #aba4 t4 #h4 f4 #ea4 a4 b4 ,,habitat3 ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,head black2 face v]tical4 ,ant5n black1 & ab\t ! l5g? ( ! insect4 ,?orax black & rugg$1 ) two obtuse sp9es on ea* side4 ,scutellum small1 black & triangul>4 ,elytra black1 r\nd$ & m>g9$ at ! sides & suture1 ext5d+ beyond ! anus2 be+ r\gh next ! ?orax1 ) a multitude ( small r\nd pu/ules4 ,ea* elytron has f\r r$ b>s cross+ x1 plac$ at equal di/ances1 & incl9+ t[>d ea* o!r2 ! two fir/1 next ! ?orax1 almo/ jo9+ at ! suture2 ! two la/ sep>at$ by a small space4 ,9 "s specim5s !re are five ( ^! b>s4 ,abdom5 & brea/ black2 ! latt] hav+ betwe5 ! middle & h9d] feet1 two oblong r$ spots4 ,legs black4 ,t>si cu%ion$ b5ea? & light] col\r$4 ,,c]ambyx 7,,calli*roma7 ,,af]4 ,plate ,,xxxix4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,c]ambyx1 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,calli*roma1 ,latr4 ,,c]ambyx 7,,calli*roma7 ,,af]4 ,?orace rotundato sp9oso1 corpore viridi1 sutur elytrorum aure1 ant5nis p$ibusque rufis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #aj l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx af]1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 p4 #ecb4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 #aff4 #i4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #beb4 #d4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 ,,ii4 p4 #bfh4 #g4 7,c4 at]1 lapsu calami47 ,s*4 ,syn4 ,,iii4 ,app4 p4 #aej4 ,,habitat3 ,si]ra ,leone & ,calab>4 ,head gold5 gre54 ,m\? & palpi dirty orange4 ,eyes black4 ,ant5n long] ?an ! insect1 orange br[n4 ,?orax r\nd1 gold5 gre51 ) _m small l9es or waves cross+ x2 & hav+ on ea* side an obtuse sp9e4 ,scutellum small & triangul>1 gold5 gre54 ,elytra m>g9$1 ext5d+ beyond ! anus2 &1 next ! ?orax1 ( a gold5 gre51 b becom+ less brilliant t[>ds _! extremities1 :]e !y are sp9eless1 hav+ a yell[ n>r[ l9e runn+ on ea* side ! suture4 ,brea/ & abdom5 gold5 gre54 ,legs d>k orange4 #he,,plate ,,xl4 ,illu/ration ,,c]ambyx 7,,calli*roma7 ,,vir5s4 ,plate ,,xl4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,c]ambyx1 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,calli*roma1 ,latr4 ,s]v4 ,,c]ambyx 7,,calli*roma7 ,,vir5s4 ,?orace rotundato sp9oso1 corpore viridi1 femoribus rufis1 ant5nis p$ibusque nigris4 7,long ,corp4 f]e #b unc47 ,,syn4 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 p4 #fbg4 #cc4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #aff4 #h4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 p4 #bfg4 #c4 ,oliv4 ,ins4 #d4 #fg4 t4 ,,ii4 f4 #gh4 t4 #ah4 f4 #ach8 ,br[ne ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,jamaica1 p4 #dcj4 t4 #dc4 f4 #h4 ,sloane ,hi/4 ,jamaica1 #a4 #a4 p4 #bjh4 t4 #bcg4 f4 #ci4 #dj4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head gre5 & %9+4 ,palpi orange br[n4 ,eyes black4 ,ant5n black1 & twice ! l5g? ( ! body2 ! la/ jo9t v long4 ,?orax gre5 & r\nd1 ! upp] "p transv]sely rugose1 & arm$ on ea* side ) a sp9e1 be=e :i* is a small tub]cle4 ,elytra gre51 & m>g9$2 tap]+ gradually t[>ds _! extremities1 :]e !y are n>r[ & po9t$2 be+ cov]$ ) an inf9ite numb] ( v small pu/ules4 ,abdom5 & brea/ cov]$ ) small %ort hairs1 & appe>+ ( a grayi% gre5 col\r4 ,?ighs d>k r$1 black at ! tips4 ,tibi black1 & compress$4 ,t>si black b5ea?1 cu%ion$1 & orange-col\r$4 ,,prionus 7,,or?omegas7 ,,c9namomeus4 ,plate ,,xl4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,prionid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,prionus1 ,ge(fr4 ,c]ambyx1 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,or?omegas1 ,s]ville4 ,,prionus 7,,or?omegas7 ,,c9namomeus4 ,?orace m>g9ato d5ticulato1 corpore f]rug9eo1 elytris ad apicem d5ticulatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #b unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,c9namomeus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 p4 #fbc4 #aj4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 p4 #bfd4 #cc4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #afc4 #af4 ,m]ian ,ins4 ,sur9am1 tab4 #bd4 ,prionus cortic9us1 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 #ff4 p4 #ba4 t4 #i4 f4 #cd4 ,,habitat3 7----8 ,drury74 ,sur9am 7,m]ian74 ,g5]al col\r l t ( c9namon4 ,head cov]$ ) hair 9 front4 ,eyes black1 ext5d+ almo/ r\nd ! head1 be+ only sep>at$ bo? above & b5ea? by a n>r[ space4 ,ant5n %ort] ?an ! body2 flatt5$ t[>ds ! tips4 ,?orax ?9 on ! sides1 & m>g9$2 hav+ two sp9es1 ! po/]ior l>ge/2 & on ! top are two r\nd tub]cles1 cov]$ ) v %ort f9e hairs or d[n4 ,scutellum small & r\nd$4 ,elytra m>g9$ deeply on ! sides1 b m fa9tly at ! suture1 ext5d+ beyond ! anus2 hav+ a small sp9e at _! extremities1 :]e !y are ne>ly z broad z at ! ?orax2 clo!d ) exce$+ %ort f9e hairs1 z are likewise ! abdom5 & brea/4 ,tibi ) two spurs4 #hf,,lamia ,,v]rucosa4 ,plate ,,xl4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,g5us4 ,,lamia1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx1 ,l9n4 ,,lamia ,,v]rucosa4 ,fusca2 ?orace griseo lat]ibus angulatis1 disco v]rucoso2 elytris basi rud punctatis apice lvibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #d l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx v]rucosus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7nec ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 t4 #bj4 f4 #adh47 ,lamia v]rucata1 ,s*on4 ,syn4 ,ins4 #c4 p4 #cif4 #ahi4 ,,habitat3 ,b>badoes4 ,head black1 incl9+ d[nw>ds4 ,ant5n greyi% or dirty black1 z long z ! body4 ,?orax dirty grey2 &1 next ! elytra1 encircl$ ) a hairy coll>1 ( a r$ br[n col\r2 v r\gh above1 ) %ort hairs on x2 hav+ a /rong ?ick sp9e on ea* side1 & und]nea? cov]$ ) %ort r$ br[n hairs4 ,scutellum small1 triangul>1 hairy1 & r$ br[n4 ,elytra m>g9$ at ! sides & suture1 n cov]+ ! anus2 r\gh on ! top & sides next ! ?orax1 ) deep punctures2 b at ! tips smoo? & %9+4 ,abdom51 brea/1 femora1 & tibi cov]$ ) %ort r$ br[n hairs2 ! latt] ) a s+le spur4 ,t>si cu%ion$1 & dirty yell[i% col\r$ b5ea?4 ,,plate ,,xli4 ,illu/ration ,,sap]da ,,tril9eata4 ,plate ,,xli4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,g5us4 ,,sap]da1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx1 ,l9n4 ,,sap]da ,,tril9eata4 ,grisea seu luteo-rufa1 vittis tribus longitud9alibus d5tatis albis1 ant5nis longis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx tril9eatus1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 p4 #ecb4 ,fabr4 ,sp4 ,ins4 #a4 #bbf4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 #agi4 #f4 7,/5o*orus t47 ,sap]da vittata1 ,fabr4 ,mant4 p4 #bca4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 #cbb4 #cj4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head d>k br[n1 ! top be+ tawny yell[1 ! sides /rip$ ) :ite4 ,ant5n greyi% br[n1 mu* long] ?an ! insect4 ,?orax v cyl9drical1 )\t sp9es1 yell[i% br[n1 hav+ a :ite /ripe on ea* side1 & ano!r on ! top4 ,scutellum v small1 semicircul>1 :ite1 ) a black spot 9 ! middle4 ,elytra m>g9$ f ! middle to _! extremities1 :]e ea* t]m9ates 9 a sp9e1 hav+ a :ite l9e runn+ on ea* side f ! ?orax to _! extremities1 int]nally s]rat$2 ano!r :ite l9e 7also int]nally ind5t$7 runs along ! suture1 be+ p>allel ) ^? on ! ?orax & head4 ,abdom5 greyi%1 ) "s tawny yell[ hairs on ea* r+4 ,brea/ tawny yell[4 ,legs greyi% br[n1 7! =e ones 9 "o ( ! sexes be+ elongat$7 )\t any sp9es at any ( ! jo9ts4 #hg;,,clytus ,,pictus4 ,plate ,,xli4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,clytus1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,leptura p4 ,drury4 ,,clytus ,,pictus4 ,?orace rotundato flavo-fasciato1 elytris fasciis septem flavis2 anticis antrorsum1 po/icis retrorsum arcuatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #i l947 ,,syn4 ,leptura picta1 ,drury1 ,app5d4 vol4 #b4 ,clytus flexuosus1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,el4 #b4 #cde4 #a4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 #aia4 #bb4 7,callidium f47 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 #gj4 #cd4 t4 #f4 f4 #gf4 ,leptura ,rob9i1 ,=/] ,c5t4 ,ins4 p4 #dc4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york2 :]e !y are f\nd ^u ! ,locu/ tree 7,drury74 ,head black1 surr\nd$ by a yell[ l9e2 front yell[1 ) a black spot betwe5 ! ant5n4 ,ant5n r$ br[n4 ,?orax black1 cyl9drical1 & smoo?1 )\t sp9es or ris+s2 be+ encircl$ ) f\r yell[ r+s4 ,scutellum yell[ & oval4 ,elytra black1 ) six irregul> angulat$ /reaks cross+ !m at equal di/ances2 & ano!r regul> & ev5 yell[ l9e cross+ !m at ! jo9+ ( ! ?orax4 ,abdom5 yell[1 ) d>k br[n r+s4 ,brea/ greyi% yell[4 ,legs light r$ br[n1 ) a small tibial spur4 ,,/5ocorus 7,,elaphidion7 ,,irroratus4 ,plate ,,xli4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,/5ocorus1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,elaphidion1 ,s]v4 ,,/5ocorus 7,,elaphidion7 ,,irroratus4 ,?orace mutico 9quali1 elytris apice bid5tatis1 albo irroratis1 ant5nis longis aculeatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,c]amb4 irroratus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 p4 #fcc4 #fb4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 #fg4 t4 #ba4 f4 #afc4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #ahj4 #i4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 #cjg4 #i4 ,s]ville ,ann4 ,soc4 ,ent4 de ,franc4 #ahce4 p4 #fg4 7,elaphidion i47 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica2 resid+ 9 ! mahogany trees 7,drury74 ,head v d>k br[n1 almo/ black2 front dappl$ ) cream col\r4 ,ant5n d>k br[n1 & ab\t ! l5g? ( ! insect2 hav+ sp9es at ea* jo9t1 except t next ! head4 ,?orax sp9eless1 br[ni% black1 ) :ite pat*es on its sides2 &1 :5 view$ ?r\gh a microscope1 punctur$4 ,scutellum v small1 & ne>ly triangul>4 ,elytra br[ni% black1 m>g9$ at ! sides & suture1 ) :iti% pat*es !reon1 punctur$2 hav+ two sp9es at ! extremity ( ea*4 ,abdom5 & brea/ black1 & cov]$ ) %ort grey hairs l pile4 ,legs r$di% br[n1 ) a small sp9e at ! tip ( ea* ( ! femora 7except ! =e ones71 & ano!r at ! tips ( ! tibi4 ,,/5ocorus 7,,elaphidion7 ,,sp9icornis4 ,plate ,,xli4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,/5ocorus1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,subg5us4 ,elaphidion1 ,s]v4 ,,/5ocorus 7,,elaphidion7 ,,sp9icornis4 ,?orace in]mi tub]culato2 elytris bid5tatis1 ant5n>um articulis bisp9osis1 corpore luteo-griseo1 fusco v>iegato4 7,long4 ,corp4 circ4 #aj l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx ,sp9icornis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #agi4 #g4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 #cjf4 #e4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 #fg4 t4 #ag4 f4 #acj4 ,s]ville loc4 cit4 sup4 7,elaphidion s47 ,c]ambyx insul>is1 ,l9n4 7,gmel47 #a4 #d4 p4 #ahei4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 #hh;,head clay-col\r$4 ,ant5n r$ br[n1 ab\t z long z ! insect1 ea* jo9t hav+ two sp9es1 except t next ! head4 ,?orax clay-col\r$ & cyl9drical1 )\t sp9es2 hav+ a small r$ br[n /reak ext5d+ along ! middle & d[n ! head4 ,scutellum triangul>4 ,elytra clay-col\r$1 ) _m small r$ br[n /reaks cross+ !m2 m>g9$ on ! sides & suture1 ea* hav+ two sp9es at its extremity4 ,abdom5 & brea/ greyi% clay-col\r$1 ) a small r$ br[n spot on ea* side ( ea* ( ! segm5ts4 ,legs r$ br[n1 hav+ a /rong sp9e at ! tip ( ea* ( ! femora1 except ! =e ones1 & ano!r at ! tips ( ea* ( ! tibi4 ,,sap]da ,,c>*>ias4 ,plate ,,xli4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,lamiid4 ,,g5us4 ,,sap]da1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,sap]da ,,c>*>ias4 ,griseo-pubesc5s1 nigro-punctata1 ant5nis m$iocribus griseo nigroque annulatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #e4-h l947 ,,syn4 ,c]amb4 ,c>*>ias1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #fca4 #eb4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 #cag4 #a4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 #fh4 t4 #b4 f4 #bb4 ,panz] ,f4 ,i4 ,g4 #fi4 #a4 ,/eph5s ,ill4 ,brit4 ,ent4 ,m&4 vol4 #d4 #bch4 ,,habitat3 ,g]many 7,drury74 ,9 ,europ ,sylvis 7,fabr474 ,head d>k clay-col\r$4 ,ant5n clay-col\r$1 ) black r+s1 & ab\t ! l5g? ( ! insect4 ,?orax cyl9drical & clay-col\r$1 )\t any sp9es or ris+s on x4 ,scutellum ne>ly squ>e4 ,elytra d>k clay-col\r$1 & m>g9$ along ! sides2 :5 view$ ?r\gh a microscope !y appe> to be cov]$ ) a great numb] ( small black pu/ules4 ,abdom5 & brea/ clay-col\r$2 z are ! legs1 on ea* ( :i* is a small sp9e at ! tip ( ! tibi4 ,?is f9e insect has1 )9 a few ye>s1 be5 f\nd 9 consid]able abundance 9 ! f5ny di/ricts ( ,cambridge & ,hunt+don%ire1 ^u l[ sall[s4 ,,/5ocorus ,,atom>ius4 ,plate ,,xli4 fig4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,longicornes4 ,,family3 ,c]ambycid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,/5ocorus1 ,fabr4 ,c]ambyx p4 ,l9n4 ,,/5ocorus ,,atom>ius4 ,nigricans1 s]icie lute indutus2 ?orace cyl9drico nec tub]culato nec sp9oso2 elytris fusco c9]eoque v>iegatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #h l947 ,,syn4 ,c]ambyx atom>ius1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7nec ,de ,ge]1 #e4 p4 #fe4 #d4 nec ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,el4 #b4 #bhg4 nec ,oliv4 #d4 #fg4 t4 #i4 #ei4 d47 ,/5o*orus m>yl&icus8 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 #agi4 #e4 ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #b4 #cjf4 #d4 ,oliv4 ,ent4 #d4 #gj4 t4 #a4 f4 #e4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,head br[ni% black1 cov]$ ) %ort yell[i% grey pile4 ,?orax dirty black1 cov]$ ) yell[ grey pile2 cyl9drical1 & )\t any sp9es or ris+s4 ,ant5n dusky br[n2 hav+ a sp9e on ea* jo9t1 except t next ! head1 & ab\t ! l5g? ( ! insect4 ,scutellum v small4 ,elytra black1 mottl$ ) yell[ grey2 be+ m>g9$ at ! sides & suture1 & n rea*+ or cov]+ ! anus1 ea* hav+ two sp9es at ! extremity4 ,abdom5 & brea/ greyi% br[n1 z are ! legs1 ea* ( :i* is furni%$ ) a sp9e at ! tip ( ! tibi4 #hi,,plate ,,xlii4 ,illu/ration ,,scutell]a ,,drur,i4 ,plate ,,xlii4 fig4 #a4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,hemipt]a4 ,,subord]3 ,het]opt]a4 ,,section3 ,geocorisa4 ,,family3 ,scutati1 ,burmei/]4 ,,g5us4 ,,scutell]a1 ,latreille1 ,burmei/]4 ,tetyra1 ,fabr4 ,cimex4 ,l9n4 ,,scutell]a ,,drur,i4 ,supra rufa1 capite1 pronoti maculis duabus1 scutelli fasciis duabus irregul>ibus maculisque duabus subapicalibus nigris4 7,long4 ,corp4 #g l947 ,,syn4 ,cimex ,druri1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 #ecd4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #d4 #hc4 #ac4 ,sy/4 ,rhyng4 #acb4 #ag4 7,tetyra ,d47 ,sulz] ,hi/4 ,ins4 t4 #aj4 f4 #e4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,am]ica 7,fabricius1 incorrectly74 ,head black & small4 ,ant5n r long] ?an ! ?orax1 black1 #e-;jo9t$1 ! two basal jo9ts be+ %orte/4 ,?orax convex1 & slightly m>g9$ at ! sides2 ( a f9e sc>let col\r1 ) two black spots !reon2 some:at oval1 b ! outl9e =m+ ) ! head an obtuse angle1 ! po9ts on ! sides be+ cut (f4 ,w+s def5d$ by a ?ick scaly scutellum1 :i* is v convex & smoo?1 )\t any suture1 entirely cov]+ ! abdom5 & ext5d+ to ! anus1 ( a sc>let col\r1 ) two broad1 black1 ind5t$ & irregul> b>s cross+ x2 "o next ! ?orax :i* is broade/1 & on :i* are two small sc>let spots2 ! o!r plac$ j bel[ ! middle1 & seem+ to be compos$ ( f\r spots unit$ toge!r2 b5ea? ?is are two small black spots1 ne>ly r\nd1 situat$ ne> ! anus4 ,fig4 a4 repres5ts "o ( ! hemelytra1 :i* :5 at re/ are conceal$ b5ea? ! scutellum1 hav+ ! basal portion or corium /rong1 ?ick1 & opake2 & ! t]m9al portion beyond ! transv]se rib membranace\s4 ,! w+ at b4 is v ?9 & membranace\s2 be+ m transp>5t ?an ! hemelytra4 ,abdom5 sc>let1 ) an oblong black spot at ! anus1 & f\r o!rs on ea* side jo9+ to ! edge4 ,! brea/ appe>s 9 a /rong light ( a deep maz>9e blue1 almo/ black4 ,legs1 ! same4 ,! proboscis is also blue1 ly+ close to ! brea/1 & ext5d+ to ! beg9n+ ( ! abdom54 ,,gal]ita ,,am]icana4 ,plate ,,xlii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,adephaga4 ,,family3 ,c>abid4 ,,subfamily3 ,bra*9ides4 ,,g5us4 ,,gal]ita1 ,fabricius4 ,c>abus p4 ,l9n4 c4 ,,gal]ita ,,am]icana4 ,nigra1 ?orace ant5nis p$ibusque f]rug9eis1 elytris cyaneis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,c>abus ,am]icanus1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 ,,ii4 p4 #fga4 ,no4 #ai4 ,de ,ge] ,ins4 iv4 t4 #ag4 f4 #ba4 ,fabricius ,sy/4 ,eleu?4 #a4 #bad4 #a4 7,gal]ita a47 ,olivi] ,ent4 ,,iii4 #ce4 n4 #gg4 t4 #f4 f4 #gb4 ,klug4 ,jahrb4 d] ,entomol4 #a4 p4 #fc4 ,c>abus ,janus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #a4 p4 #acf4 ,no4 #ea4 ,c>abus bicolor1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,de ,jean ,spec4 ,g5]al1 #a4 p4 #ahg4 #a4 ,gal]ita bicolor4 ,klug4 loc4 cit4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia 7,drury74 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,head v long1 black1 ) a r$ br[n spot on ! middle4 ,ant5n d>k br[n1 ! basal jo9t be+ longe/1 ?icke/1 & lighte/ col\r$2 ! o!rs are ne>ly ( equal l5g?2 ! :ole be+ a little long] ?an ! elytra4 ,neck di/9ct & black4 ,?orax light r$ br[n1 & almo/ oval1 ab\t ! l5g? ( ! head1 & a little broad]2 x is also a little m>g9$1 & next ! body truncate4 ,scutellum m9ute1 black1 & triangul>4 ,elytra black1 m>g9$ & furr[$1 oval next ! ?orax1 b m squ>e at _! extremities1 & n cov]+ ! anus4 ,abdom5 black4 ,brea/ light r$ br[n2 z are all ! legs4 ,! basal jo9t ( ! po/]ior t>si is v long4 #ij;,,br5?us ,,m9utus4 ,plate ,,xlii4 fig4 #c4 natural size1 & #g4 magnifi$4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,rhyncophora4 ,,family3 ,curculionid4 ,,subfamily3 ,br5?ides1 ,s*onh4 ,,g5us4 ,,br5?us1 ,illig]4 ,br5tus1 ,fabr4 ,curculio p4 ,l9n4 ,,br5?us ,,m9utus4 ,nig]1 elytris /riatis nigro-brunneis4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #f l947 ,,syn4 ,curculio m9utus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,h]b/4 ,col4 #g4 #bjj4 t4 #ajh4 f4 #i4 ,b4 7,br5tus m47 ,s*onh4 ,sys4 ,ins4 ,curcul4 #a4 #cfh4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia4 ,head black1 ) a long1 horny1 sl5d] beak4 ,ant5n plac$ ne> ! head1 ne> ! base ( ! beak1 black1 & ab\t ! l5g? ( ! ?orax1 ! fir/ & la/ jo9ts be+ ! longe/4 ,?orax black1 smoo?1 & %9+2 be+ almo/ ! l5g? ( ! body1 & ne>ly r\nd1 b ?icke/ t[>ds ! middle4 ,scutellum indi/9ct4 ,elytra d>k br[n1 ) "s pat*es on !m ( a light] col\r2 m>g9$ on ! sides & suture1 & ) r[s ( small punctures !reon4 ,abdom5 d>k br[n1 smoo? & %9+4 ,! =e legs are long] ?an ! re/1 & at ! tips ( ! tibi are furni%$ ) a sp9e4 ,all ! ?ighs are v ?ick 9 ! middle4 ,,casnonia ,,longicollis4 ,plate ,,xlii4 fig4 #d4 natural size1 & #f4 magnifi$4 ,,ord]3 ,coleopt]a4 ,,section3 ,adephaga-,geodephaga4 ,,family3 ,c>abid4 ,,subfamily3 ,bra*9ides4 ,,g5us4 ,,casnonia1 ,latrielle4 ,attelabus p4 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,casnonia ,,longicollis4 ,nigra1 elytris punctato /riatis1 s+ulo tub]culo p>vo subapicali luteo2 ?orace f]e longitud9e elytrorum1 p$ibus luteo nigroque v>iis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #d l947 ,,syn4 ,attelabus longicollis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia4 ,head black1 long & broad ov] ! eyes1 b n>r[ next ! ?orax4 ,ant5n d>k br[n1 ab\t ! l5g? ( ! head & ?orax4 ,?orax ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! w+-cases1 black1 sl5d] & %9+1 ris+ a little circul>ly f ! body4 ,scutellum want+4 ,! elytra are m>g9$ & %9+1 n cov]+ ! anus1 ) r[s ( v small punctures on !m1 & ne> _! extremities h a small papilla or swell+ ( a yell[ col\r4 ,abdom5 black4 ,legs p>tly yell[1 & p>tly black4 ,,plate ,,xliii4 ,illu/ration ,,xylocopa ,,virg9ica4 ,plate ,,xliii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,hym5opt]a4 ,,section3 ,mellif]a4 ,,family3 ,apid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,xylocopa1 ,fabr4 ,apis1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,xylocopa ,,virg9ica4 ,hirsuta pallida2 abdom9e1 excepto primo segm5to1 atro4 7,magn4 ,bomb4 t]re/r47 ,,syn4 ,apis ,virg9ica1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 p4 #edj4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,piez4 #cdf4 #ad4 7,bombus v47 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #b4 #cah4 #ae4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia4 ,head1 betwe5 ! eyes1 black1 ) a cream-col\r$ spot 9 front1 j above ! m\?4 ,ant5n black1 & %ort] ?an ! ?orax1 :i* is cov]$ at top ) hairs ( a pale yell[i% col\r4 ,all ! f\r w+s are membranace\s & transp>5t4 ,abdom5 compos$ ( six r+s1 #ia;entirely black1 except ! fir/1 :i* is pale yell[ above1 b black und]nea?4 ,! brea/ & legs are black & hairy1 ! hairs on ! =e legs be+ r d>k br[n4 ,! "u p>ts ( all ! t>si are light br[n4 ,,tess]atoma ,,papillosa4 ,plate ,,xliii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,hemipt]a4 ,,subord]3 ,het]opt]a4 ,,section3 ,geocorisa4 ,,family3 ,scutati1 ,burmei/]4 7,longilabres1 ,latr47 ,,g5us4 ,,tess]atoma1 ,/4 ,f>g4 ,s]v4 9 ,enc4 ,m?4 ,latr4 ,lap4 ,burm4 ,,tess]atoma ,,papillosa4 ,lutea1 ?oracis lat]ibus subrotundatis1 ant5nis fuscis basi subf]rug9eis1 abdom9e supra purpureo-f]rug9oso subtus luteo4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,cimex ,papillosus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7nec ,fabr4 ,burmei/4 ,sa9t4 ,f>g4 ,s]v4 c47 ,tess]atoma ,sonn]atii4 ,/4 ,f>g4 ,s]v4 ,enc4 ,m?4 #aj4 #eij4 ,gur9 ,icon4 ,r4 ,an4 ,ins4 pl4 #ee4 f4 #d4 ,cimex ,*95sis1 ,?unb4 ,nov4 ,ins44 #de4 t4 #aa4 f4 #ei4 ,laporte ,class4 ,hemipt4 p4 #fj4 ,cimex papillosus8 ,donovan ,ins4 ,india1 pl4 #ac4 fig4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a 7,drury74 ,head small1 yell[i% olive-col\r$4 ,ant5n black4 ,?orax yell[ olive1 ly+ high above ! level ( ! head1 & project+ at ! ligature ( ! w+s4 ,scutellum triangul>1 t]m9at+ 9 a po9t ne> ! middle ( ! abdom52 ! basal "p ly+ und]nea? ! ?orax4 ,hemelytra cross+ ea* o!r :5 at re/2 ) ! basal portion opake1 & yell[ olive-col\r$2 ! apical membrane be+ almo/ transp>5t4 ,w+s entirely membranace\s1 & yell[ br[n4 ,abdom5 above1 d>k r$1 b und]nea? clay-col\r$2 furni%$ ) a %>p too? at ea* ( its segm5ts4 ,anus t]m9at+ 9 two angul> po9ts1 ) a small sp9e on ea* side4 ,brea/ pale clay col\r2 hav+ a black spot directly "u ! =e legs1 & ano!r on ea* side ! middle ones4 ,legs br[n yell[ col\r4 ,proboscis br[n4 ,?is v common ,*9ese insect has be5 conf\nd$ by ,fabricius1 c4 ) an ,african species 7,tess]atoma confusa ,we/w47 & by ,sa9t ,f>geau & ,s]ville1 ) ano!r f ,java 7,tess]atoma ,javana1 ,klug4 ,burm4 #b4 #cej4 figur$ by ,/oll4 t4 #a4 fig4 #b47 ,z1 h[ev]1 ,drury's specific "n1 z appli$ to ! ,*9ese species1 has ! priority 9 po9t ( date1 ,i h "h rev]t$ to x1 & w\ld apply a new specific "n to ! species f ,si]ra ,leone4 ,! ,fabrician species belongs to a diff]5t section ( ! g5us hav+ ! t]m9al jo9t ( ! ant5n elongat$4 ,! only specim5s :i* ,i h se5 ( x are ^? conta9$ 9 ! ,banksian ,collection 9 ! possession ( ! ,l9nan ,society ( ,london4 ,wolff figures ! ,*9ese species4 ,i h little d\bt t ,donovan's figure is int5d$ to repres5t ! true papillosus1 al?\gh x is giv5 z an inhabitant ( ,india4 #ib,,leptoscelis ,,balteatus4 ,plate ,,xliii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,hemipt]a4 ,,subord]3 ,het]opt]a4 ,,section3 ,geocorisa1 ,latr4 ,,family3 ,coreid1 ,lea*4 7,anisoscelites1 ,laporte47 ,,g5us4 ,,leptoscelis1 ,laporte4 ,anisoscelis p4 ,burm4 ,lygu p4 ,fabr4 ,,leptoscelis ,,balteatus4 ,?orace subsp9oso2 f]rug9eus1 elytris l9e transv]s flav1 femoribus po/icis gracilibus sp9ulosis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,cimex balteatus1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 #ecd4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #d4 #adb4 #bg4 ,sy/4 ,rh4 #bac4 #ci4 7,lygu b47 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head small & sl5d]1 r$ br[n1 /rip$ ) black4 ,eyes project+4 ,ant5n d>k br[n1 or russet col\r1 & almo/ ! l5g? ( ! insect4 ,?orax r$ br[n1 ) two small yell[ spots 9 front2 ly+ above ! level ( ! head1 & t]m9at+ at ! side 9 "r angles4 ,scutellum small & angul>4 ,hemelytra coriace\s half way d[n1 & ) ! basal portion br[n r$2 ! apical membrane opake & d>k br[n2 hav+ a yell[ b> cross+ !m ne> ! middle4 ,w+s transp>5t4 ,abdom51 above1 yell[1 & edg$ ) d>k br[n1 ! sides be+ entire2 und]nea?1 entirely d>k clay-col\r$4 ,proboscis ext5d+ to ! abdom5 along ! brea/1 & ly+ betwe5 ! legs4 ,,c5tris ,,sur9am5sis4 ,plate ,,xliii4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,hym5opt]a4 ,,section3 ,mellif]a4 ,,family3 ,apid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,c5tris1 ,fabr4 ,apis1 ,drury4 ,,c5tris ,,sur9am5sis4 ,hirsuta nigra2 abdom9e1 excepto primo segm5to1 flavo4 7,mag4 ,xylocop4 virg9ic m9or47 ,,syn4 ,apis ,sur9am5sis1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #ifa4 #eb4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #b4 #cah4 #ad4 ,sy/4 ,piez4 #cee4 #c4 7,c5tris ,s47 ,,habitat3 ,sur9am4 ,head black4 ,ant5n black4 ,tongue v long1 ext5d+ to ! middle ( ! abdom54 ,?orax black & hairy4 ,w+s transp>5t4 ,abdom5 deep yell[1 except ! basal segm5t :i* is black4 ,brea/ & legs black1 & cov]$ ) %ort hairs l pile4 ,h9d legs v broad & ?91 resembl+ scales2 & at ! tip ( ! tibi furni%$ ) two %>p spurs2 int]m$iate tibi also ) two %ort] spurs4 ,,ophion ,,macrurum4 ,plate ,,xliii4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,hym5opt]a4 ,,section3 ,pupivora4 ,,family3 ,i*neumonid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,ophion1 ,fabr4 ,i*neumon1 ,drury4 ,,ophion ,,macrurum4 ,fusco-luteum2 alis hyal9is1 abdom9e ?orace triplo longiori ensato4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,i*neumon ,macrurus1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 p4 #edj4 ,drury1 ,app5d1 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 #ic;,head small1 d>k orange-col\r$4 ,eyes l>ge1 black1 & oblong4 ,ocelli %9+ br[n4 ,ant5n ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! insect1 br[n orange1 & resembl+ ?reads4 ,all ! o!r p>ts ( ! insect are ( ! same br[n orange1 except ! w+s1 :i* are transp>5t4 ,?orax %ort4 ,abdom5 ?ree times z long z ! ?orax1 v small at ! base1 l a ?read1 b increas+ 9 dep? 7n 9 ?ickness7 to ! extremity1 :]e x appe>s squ>e & ev5 z if obliquely cut (f2 ar*$ f ! base to ! tip4 ,legs sl5d]1 ! h9d] ones be+ ! longe/4 ,tips ( ! tibi ) two long sp9es1 ^? ( ! =e legs hav+ only "o4 ,?is insect v closely resembles ! common ,engli% species ,i*neumon luteus1 ,l9n4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 consid]ably l>g]4 ,aft] describ+ ?is insect our au?or took occasion to ent] into ! natural hi/ory ( ! family to :i* x belongs1 namely1 ! ,i*neumonid1 s nam$ f ! ,l9nan g5us ,i*neumon1 :i* la/ he says1 appe>s to be tak5 f its nature & way ( life4 ,he !n proce$s z foll[s3-- ,x is g5]ally kn[n t butt]flies are produc$ f cat]pill>s1 & t ^! cat]pill>s put on diff]5t =ms be=e !y arrive to t ( ! butt]fly2 b few p]sons "k1 :o h n engag$ 9 ?is /udy1 t ! bodies ( ^! cat]pill>s are receptacles or habitations = less] insects1 t live & gr[ )9 !m dur+ a c]ta9 "t2 :]e !y are n\ri%$ & f$ by ! juices ( _! b[els1 till !y arrive to a mature age2 :51 by ! appo9tm5t ( nature1 !y kill _! fo/]]s1 be+ totally unable to live on any o!r k9d ( food b :at ! inte/9es ( ^! animals supply !m )4 ,! uses & advantages accru+ to mank9d by ! in/itution ( su* a g5us ( insects1 toge!r ) _! natural hi/ory1 are ! subject ( ! foll[+ l9es4 ,if we exam9e ! glori\s works ( ! creation1 & reflect on ! pat]nal c>e & wisdom ( ! ,almighty1 display$ 9 ! pres]vation & increase ( all ranks & k9ds ( animals2 t ev5 ! mo/ direful & noxi\s1 h su* a proportion 9 ! scale ( life1 z is mo/ agreeable to ! ends ( ,8 div9e provid5ce2 t ! limits ,he ha? prescrib$ to ea*1 ext5d s f> & no f>!r2 & t ea* species %all multiply 9 su* abundance or sc>city1 z are be/ adapt$ to pres]ve1 by a j equilibrium1 ! h>mony ( ! univ]se3 ,:51 ,i say1 we behold ?is1 ! m9d c sc>cely =be> cry+ out1 "u a raptur\s s5se ( conviction1 e ?+ is good4 ,x is to ?is end we see ! /rong are p]mitt$ to prey on ! weak2 & t ! numb] ( ! latt] increase 9 a proportion suffici5t to supply ! wants ( ! =m]2 x is to ?is end we see "s fe$ on h]bs & plants1 "s on fruits & se$s1 & "s on fle%2 ea* be+ furni%$ ) appetites & p[]s1 suit$ to _! respective ways ( life3 & x is to ?is end1 we see ^? ( ! mo/ m9ute k9ds1 ab\nd+ 9 a degree f> beyond ^? ( ! fir/ magnitude4 ,! k ( ! insect k+dom illu/rates ?is obs]vation beyond all possibility ( d\bt2 & ! numb] t may be br$ f a s+le pair1 9 _m species1 w\ld exce$ all cr$ibility1 if x 0 n to be prov$ by any p]son :o #idw\ld take ! tr\ble4 ,! wond]ful increase t only two summ]s w\ld be capable ( produc+ among _m ( !m1 if ea* egg 0 to yield its respective insect1 is amaz+4 ,! _w itself1 9 a few ye>s1 w\ld be incapable ( af=d+ plants suffici5t = ! n\ri%m5t ( "o s+le species4#bi ,h5ce w appe> ! 'lov+ k9dness' ( ! ,almighty1 9 sett+ su* b\nds1 & keep+ !m )9 su* limits z be/ answ]s ! purpose = :i* ,he creat$ !m2 & h5ce appe>s ! necessity ( _! becom+ food to o!r animals4 ,birds1 fi%es1 & ! small] k9ds ( bea/s1 are at et]nal w> ) !m2 b z all ^! w\ld be insuffici5t ( !mselves to re/ra9 & prev5t !m f multiply+ too fa/1 o!r k9ds ( be+s are in/itut$ = ?is end1 ^: exi/5ce dep5ds on _! de/ruction4 ,( ^!1 ! species ( insect ,i am describ+1 is ! mo/ s+ul>1 ( :i* 7g5us7 !re are sev]al sorts1 diff]+ greatly 9 size & %ape4 ,"s are furni%$ ) ?ree set or bri/les at ! extremity ( _! bodies1 ! middle "o be+ a holl[ tube1 secur$ or f5c$ by ! out] ones1 ?r\gh :i* !y eject _! eggs1 aft] !y h p5etrat$ ! body ( ! cat]pill> !y settle on4 ,"s appe> to h no bri/les1 o!rs h !m b5t close "u _! bodies1 & are n to be se51 unless closely exam9$4 ,z _! :ole bus9ess appe>s to be ! de/roy+ ! cat]pill>s ( ! butt]fly & mo? tribes1 !y are indefatigable 9 ! pursuit ( !m2 b z ?is is conf9$ to ! pregnant females1 !y are obs]v$ rang+ ab\t cont9ually 9 se>* ( ! prop] subjects to lay _! eggs on2 fly+ on e bu%1 & runn+ ) unwe>i$ dilig5ce on e twig1 till !y h arriv$ to ! place :]e ! sc5t ( ! cat]pill> soon furni%es !m ) ! c]ta9ty ( its be+ !re4 ,hav+ ?us discov]$ ! animal x 0 9 que/ (1 ! ,i*neumon imm$iately settles on x1 ) an int5t to dis*>ge its eggs2 b ! cat]pill> be+ s5sible1 f a natural in/9ct1 ( its enemy's assault1 b5ds its head backw>ds to ! place :]e x feels itself attack$1 & endeav\rs by v>i\s means1 ei!r by /rik+ its head viol5tly aga9/ ! "p1 fall+ to ! gr\nd1 or by "s sudd5 contortion1 to dis5gage itself3 b ?is seldom happ5s1 unless ! ,i*neumon is feeble1 & unable to )/& ! %ocks ( ! cat]pill>2 9 :i* case !y w frequ5tly rel9qui% _! attack1 & seek out "s o!r subject1 ^: resi/ance !y are m capable ( enc\nt]+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! ,i*neumon is /rong en\gh to )/& ! ef=ts ( ! cat]pill>1 x ei!r lays its eggs on ! outside ( ! sk91 z is ! nature ( "s to d1 or else p]=ates ! body ) ! bri/le be=e describ$1 & imm$iately dis*>ges an egg4 ,"s ( ^! ,i*neumons quit ! cat]pill> ^u ! emission ( an egg1 b o!rs #ie;cont9ue !reon till !y h emitt$ !m all2 :i* sometimes is m ?an an hundr$4 ,x is necess>y to obs]ve1 t _m cat]pill>s ( mo?s & butt]flies 7! =m] m especially7 are infe/$ by a p>ticul> species ( ^! ,i*neumons1 t conf9e !mselves entirely to !m alone1 & nev]1 t we "k (1 attack any o!r4 ,?us t ( ! ,privet ,hawk or ,sph9x ,ligu/ri ( ,l9nu1 t ( ! ,elephant ,hawk or ,sph9x ,elp5or ( ! same au?or1 c4 are always f\nd to yield p>ticul> k9ds ( ,i*neumons4 ,o!rs1 inde$1 attack any k9d ( cat]pill> belong+ to ! f>9ace\s-w+$ tribe2 &1 z ,i obs]v$ above1 if n too p[]ful & /rong = !m1 w !re deposit _! eggs4 ,if ! egg is laid on ! body ( ! cat]pill>1 & n )9 x1 a few days1 by ! w>m? ( ! sun1 rip5s x to maturity2 & !n ! "y de/roy]1 direct$ by nature1 eats its passage ?r\gh ! "u-side ( ! egg1 & passes into ! body ( ! cat]pill>1 b if ! egg is dis*>g$ into its body1 x !re rip5s1 unse51 to maturity4 ,9 ei!r case1 x lives on ! sub/ance or juices ( its inte/9es2 ?riv+ & increas+ 9 bulk1 9 a proportion equal to ! creature x is doom$ to kill4 ,! cat]pill>1 also1 not)/&+ its hav+ ?us receiv$ ! means ( a sl[ b c]ta9 dea?1 increases 9 size1 &1 to outw>d appe>ance1 9 heal?2 arriv+ to ! p]iod :5 x is to und]go its metamorphosis1 & become a ,*rysalis1 9 z mu* /r5g? & vig\r z any o!r ( ! species3 b :5 ! "t arrives = its enl>gem5t into its complete /ate1 & to become a mo? or butt]fly1 ! ,i*neumon makes its appe>ance2 hav+ arriv$ to its "t ( completion )9 ! body ( its support]1 & exhau/$ its juices by ! n\ri%m5t drawn f x1 leav+ beh9d x a dry empty %ell1 9 ! =m ( a *rysalis4 ,9 ?is mann] _m ( ^! ,i*neumons exi/4 ,o!rs1 :5 arriv$ to maturity1 hav+ liv$ )9 ! bodies ( ! cat]pill>s1 z describ$1 eat _! way out ?r\gh its sides1 &1 crawl+ to a small di/ance1 =m r\nd !mselves cases ( a sub/ance l silk2 :]e91 hav+ la9 a few days1 !y quit _! prisons 9 ! %ape ( v small flies1 "s hav+ two w+s1 o!rs f\r4--,vide ,go$>tius1 ,alb91 ,wilks1 ,h>ris1 c4 ,,poli/es ,,annul>is4 ,plate ,,xliii4 fig4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,hym5opt]a4 ,,section3 ,diplopt]a4 ,,family3 ,vespid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,poli/es1 ,fabr4 ,vespa1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,poli/es ,,annul>is4 ,fusca2 g5ubus1 ant5n>um apicibus m>g9eque primi segm5ti abdom9is flavis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,vespa annul>is1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #iej4 #i4 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,piez4 #bga4 #c4 7,poli/es a47 ,vespa c9cta1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia 7,drury74 ,head d>k br[n col\r1 l ! ru/ ( iron4 ,ant5n %ort] ?an ! ?orax2 d>k br[n1 yell[ at ! tips4 ,?orax d>k br[n1 ) a black /ripe on ea* side4 ,w+s ext5d+ beyond ! abdom51 ?91 membranace\s1 & d>k br[n1 n p]fectly transp>5t1 & d\bl$ or fold$ #ifl5g?ways toge!r4 ,abdom5 black1 except ! fir/ segm5t1 :i* is d>k orange1 m>g9$ ) yell[4 ,ant]ior femora d>k br[n1 ! o!r p>ts ( ^? legs yell[4 ,! o!r legs d>k br[n2 ! tips ( ! tibi & ! t>si be+ yell[4 ,,poli/es ,,squamosa4 ,plate ,,xliii4 fig4 #g4 ,,ord]3 ,hym5opt]a4 ,,section3 ,diplopt]a4 ,,family3 ,vespid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,poli/es1 ,fabr4 ,vespa1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,poli/es ,,squamosa4 ,?oracis dorso nigro l9eis flavis1 scutello flavo l9e nigr1 abdom9e fulvo annulo nigro v]sus apicem4 7,long4 ,corp4 #aj l947 ,,syn4 ,vespa ,squamosus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,poli/es l9eata8 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,piez4 #bga4 #i4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #b4 #bei4 #bj4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,head yell[2 b on ! top1 ne> ! ocelli1 black & hairy4 ,ant5n %ort] ?an ! ?orax1 d>k br[n1 yell[ next ! head to ! fir/ jo9t1 includ+ ab\t a ?ird "p4 ,?orax yell[1 slightly hairy2 hav+ ?ree black /ripes on ! top & two on ea* side meet+ on ! brea/4 ,w+s ?91 almo/ transp>5t1 & d\bl$ or fold$ longitud9ally4 ,abdom5 d>k orange1 ) a black r+ next ! anus1 & two less] ones ne> ! ?orax2 none ( :i* are se5 und]nea?1 be+ !re entirely ( a d>k orange4 ,legs yell[1 & furni%$ ) two sp9es at ! tips ( ! tibi2 ! ant]ior hav+ only "o4 ,,polydesmus 7,,font>ia7 ,,virg9i5sis4 ,plate ,,xliii4 fig4 #h4 ,,ord]3 ,*ilogna?a1 ,latreille4 ,apt]a1 ,l9nu1 ,drury4 ,,family3 ,julid4 ,,g5us4 ,,polydesmus1 ,latreille1 ,br&t 9 ,bull4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 vol4 #f4 ,julus1 ,fabr4 ,font>ia1 ,j4 ,e4 ,gray4 ,,polydesmus 7,,font>ia7 ,,virg9i5sis4 ,corpore pallide griseo1 segm5tis convexis1 articulo p$um secundo acutissimo4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,julus virg9i5sis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 d',afr4 et d',am]4 ,apt]4 pl4 #d4 f4 #e4 p4 #aef4 ,julus trid5tatus1 ,fabr4 ,font>ia ,virg9i5sis1 ,j4 ,e4 ,gray 9 ,griff4 ,an4 ,k4 ,ins4 pl4 #ace4 f4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia4 ,?is insect is entirely w+less4 ,head circul> & flat1 plac$ "u ! fir/ segm5t4 ,ant5n compos$ ( five equal articulations4 ,body r\nd$ at top1 =m+ an ar* equal to "o-f\r? ( a circle1 & consi/+ ( n9ete5 r+s or scales1 :i* lie v closely ov] "o ano!r1 ! h9d] "p ( "o exactly fitt+ ! =e "p ( ! next4 ,ea* ( ^! scales1 except "s ne> ! head1 h f\r %ort feet fix$ to !m2 ! :ole numb] ( :i* is sixty4 ,! g5]al col\r ( ! insect is :iti% grey2 ! "u "p be+ light] ?an ! upp]4 ,along ! middle ( ! latt] runs a d>k] %ade1 hav+ a s+le spot ( a wa9scot col\r plac$ on ! middle ( ea* scale4 #ig,,plate ,,xliv4 ,illu/ration ,,mydas ,,clavatus4 ,plate ,,xliv4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,dipt]a4 ,,section3 ,notacan?a1 ,latr4 ,,family3 ,mydasid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,mydas1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,midas1 ,weidemann4 ,musca1 ,drury1 ,de ,ge]4 ,,mydas ,,clavatus4 ,nig]1 abdom9is segm5to secundo aurantiaco1 alis nigris4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,musca clavata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7#aggc47 ,bibio filata1 ,fabr4 ,mant4 ,ins4 #b4 #cbh4 #a4 7#aghg47 ,sy/4 ,antl4 #fj4 #a4 7,mydas f47 ,weidemann ,auss]eur4 ,zweifl4 ,ins4 #a4 #bdj4 #c4 tab4 #aa4 fig4 #c4 ,ditto 9 ,nova ,acta ,nat4 ,curios4 vol4 #e4 p4 #b4 pl4 #ec4 fig4 #h4 ,nemotelus asiloides1 ,de ,ge] ,mem4 vol4 #f4 t4 #bi4 f4 #f4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 & o!r p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,head black4 ,ant5n ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! ?orax1 black1 sl5d]1 & knobb$ at _! extremities4 ,?orax black & smoo?4 ,w+s copp]y br[n1 v membranace\s1 & n transp>5t4 ,abdom5 black1 & compos$ ( eight segm5ts1 ! second be+ ( a deep yell[2 :i* col\r ext5ds only to its sides1 ! "u "p be+ black4 ,legs entirely black2 ! h9d] ones be+ furni%$ ) a /rong sp9e at ! tips ( ! tibi1 ! middle ones hav+ f\r small ones1 & ! =e ones none4 ,ea* ( ! ungues has two small yell[ scales 7puvilli7 plac$ und]nea?4 ,,tabanus ,,plumbeus4 ,plate ,,xliv4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,dipt]a4 ,,section3 ,tabani5s1 ,latr4 ,,family3 ,tabanid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,tabanus1 ,l9n1 c4 ,,tabanus ,,plumbeus4 ,obscur cocc9elleus1 abdom9e m>g9ibus po/icis pallidioribus1 alis sublimpidis co/ fusc1 ant5nis brunneo-rufis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,tabanus plumbeus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,tabanus ruficornis1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 #ghi4 #h4 ,sy/4 ,antl4 #if4 #ad4 ,weidemann ,auss4 ,zw4 ,ins4 #a4 #aab4 ,tabanus ,am]icanus1 ,=/] ,nov ,sp4 ,insect4 ,c5t4 #a4 #ajj4 ,tabanus limbatus1 ,pal4 ,beauvois ,ins4 d',afr4 d',am]4 ,dipt4 t4 #a4 f4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,virg9ia1 c4 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,head a%-col\r$4 ,eyes ne>ly black4 ,ant5n r$ br[n4 ,only "o ocellus1 plac$ a little above ! ant5n4 ,proboscis almo/ equal 9 l5g? to ! dep? ( ! head4 ,?orax d>k gre5i%-br[n col\r$2 hav+ a :ite spot at ! base ( ea* w+4 ,abdom5 d>k br[n col\r2 ea* segm5t be+ on ! "u side m>g9$ ) grey4 ,w+s transp>5t2 ant]ior edges br[n & opake4 ,legs d>k br[n2 ! middle ones hav+ two sp9es at ! tips ( ea* ( ! tibi4 ,! ungues h two small br[n scales "u !m4 ,brea/ hairy & a%-col\r$1 b :ite on ! sides4 ,,tabanus ,,am]icanus4 ,plate ,,xliv4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,dipt]a4 ,,section3 ,tabani5s4 ,,family3 ,tabanid4 ,,g5us4 ,,tabanus1 ,l9n4 c4 ,,tabanus ,,am]icanus4 ,nig]1 abdom9e canesc5te1 alis fusco-nigris4 7,long4 ,corp4 circ4 #aa l947 ,,syn4 ,tabanus ,am]icanus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7nec ,=/]47 ,tabanus atratus1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 #ghi4 #i4 ,sy/4 ,antl4 #if4 #af4 ,weidemann ,auss4 ,zw4 ,ins4 #a4 #aad4 ,no4 #c4 ,tabanus nig]1 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 ,afr4 et ,am]4 ,dipt4 t4 #a4 f4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 & o!r p>ts ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 #ih;,head black4 ,ant5n black1 be+ plac$ on ! front ( ! head2 ! p>ts surr\nd+ !m %9+1 z if f9ely poli%$4 ,ocelli want+4 ,proboscis r$ br[n2 be+ inclos$ 9 a k9d ( %ea?1 :i* is black4 ,?orax v d>k br[n1 almo/ black4 ,w+s d>k br[n & membranace\s1 n transp>5t4 ,abdom5 lead col\r$1 ! extremity ne>ly black2 be+ ( ! same col\r und]nea? z at top4 ,legs entirely black2 ! middle ones be+ furni%$ ) two sp9es at ! tips ( ! tibi4 ,brea/ hairy & black4 ,,sphex ,,jamaic5sis ,plate ,,xliv4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,hym5opt]a4 ,,section3 ,fossores4 ,,family3 ,sphegid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,sphex1 ,l9n4 c4 ,,sphex ,,jamaic5sis4 ,ca/aneo-rufus1 abdom9e nitido1 capite ?oraceque fulvo-hirtis1 ant5nis nigris1 alis fuscis4 ,,syn4 ,vespa ,jamaic5sis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head br[n orange4 ,ant5n almo/ black1 & ne> ! l5g? ( ! ?orax4 ,eyes l>ge1 & d>k br[n4 ,?orax br[n orange-col\r$1 & hairy1 ) a black spot betwe5 ! w+s4 ,w+s ne>ly transp>5t1 & d\bl$ or fold$ toge!r4 ,abdom5 %9+ & v smoo?1 r$ br[n1 & unit$ to ! ?orax by a small b %ort ?read-l p$uncle4 ,legs r$ br[n1 &1 except ! =e ones1 furni%$ ) ?ree sp9es at ! tips ( ! tibi4 ,drury describ$ ?is insect z hav+ ! w+s d\bl$ or fold$ toge!r1 a peculi>ity obs]v$ only 9 ! wasps1 among/ :i* ! insect 0 plac$ by our au?or1 :o nam$ x ,vespa ,jamaic5sis4 ,my specim5 ( ?is insect1 :i* ,i h reason to believe belong$ to ,drury1 is s p9n$1 t ! upp] surface ( ! ?orax is press$ d[n1 & ! upp] w+ =c$ backw>ds1 & ?r[n ne>ly upside d[n1 :i* 0 evid5tly ! case ) ! specim5 describ$ by ,drury4 ,,scolia ,,fossulana4 ,plate ,,xliv4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,hym5opt]a4 ,,section3 ,fossores4 ,,family3 ,scoliid4 ,,g5us4 ,,scolia1 ,fabr4 ,sphex1 ,drury4 ,,scolia ,,fossulana4 ,atra1 ?orace flavido hirto1 abdom9e fasciis quatuor flavis1 int]m$iis d5tatis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,scolia fossulana1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,piez4 #bdb4 ,no4 #ah4 ,sphex plumipes1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,head pale yell[ 9 front1 black on ! top & hairy4 ,ant5n black1 & %ort] ?an ! ?orax4 ,neck hairy1 lemon-col\r$4 ,?orax black1 & cov]$ ) yell[ hairs4 ,w+s d>k br[n1 almo/ transp>5t2 n fold$ or d\bl$ toge!r4 ,abdom5 black und]nea? & lemon-col\r$ above1 :]e x has ?ree black l9es cross+ x1 two ( !m be+ broade/ 9 ! middle4 ,anus & brea/ #ii;black4 ,legs black & hairy2 ! h9d] ones be+ furni%$ ) two rem>kable long sp9es at ! tips ( ! tibi4 ,t>si1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! h9d] legs1 furni%$ ) v /rong hairs1 or r bri/les at ea* ( ! jo9ts2 pale yell[-col\r$4 ,i %\ld h reta9$ ! specific "n giv5 to ?is insect by ,drury1 on acc\nt ( its priority1 b x is s inappropriate1 n only be+ applicable to "o sex alone1 ! female1 b ! sp9es on ! =e legs be+ f\nd ?r\gh\t ! g5us1 z well z 9 ne>ly all ! burr[+ ,hym5opt]a4 ,fabricius has incorrectly ref]r$ ?is figure to 8 ,scolia radula1 :i* has a spott$ ?orax4 ,,pelop,,u ,c,,m5t>ius4 ,plate ,,xliv4 fig4 #f4 ,imago--fig4 #g4 ,cocoon--fig4 #h4 ,imago tak5 out ( ! ,cocoon4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #h4 ,ne/--fig4 #i4 ,section ( ! ,ne/--fig4 #aj4 two ,cocoons expos$4 ,,ord]3 ,hym5opt]a4 ,,section3 ,fossores4 ,,family3 ,spegid4 ,,g5us4 ,pelopu1 ,latr4 ,fabr4 ,sphex1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,pelop,,u ,c,,m5t>ius4 ,abdom9e petiolato nigro1 segm5to primo 7excl4 p$unc47 lunul flav ?oraceque punctis flavis1 p$ibus flavis po/icorum femoribus apiceque tibi>um nigris4 7,long4 ,corp4 #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,sphex ,cm5t>ia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,pelopu lunatus1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,piez4 #bjc4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica1 ,antigua1 ,/4 ,*ri/oph]'s 7,drury74 ,9 ,am]ica insulis1 9 ,india ori5tali frequ5s4 7,fabricius1 incorrectly87 ,head black & hairy4 ,ant5n black1 basal jo9t yell[4 ,?orax black1 ) %ort hairs on x1 b next ! head yell[1 hav+ a yell[ spot at ! base ( ea* w+1 & ano!r next ! abdom54 ,w+s br[n1 & almo/ transp>5t2 ly+ flat1 n fold$4 ,abdom5 black & r\nd1 ne>ly z long z ! ?orax2 basal segm5t 7exclusive ( ! p$uncle7 yell[2 po9t$ at ! tip1 & arm$ ) a retractile /+4 ,p$uncle v sl5d]1 black at top1 & yell[ und]nea?2 be+ ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! ?orax itself4 ,brea/ black4 ,=e & middle legs black next ! body1 b f ! middle ( ! ?ighs yell[4 ,h9d] ?ighs & l[] p>ts ( ! %9s black1 ! rema9d] yell[4 ,claws black4 ,! foll[+ p>ticul>s relative to ! economy ( ?is species 7 communicat$ to ,mr4 ,drury f a correspond5t 9 ,antigua1 :o =w>d$ to him specim5s ( ! insect4 ,?is insect is call$ at ,antigua1 & sev]al o!r places 9 ! ,we/ ,indies1 ! ,mason ,fly1 a "n giv5 x f ! rem>kable mann] 9 :i* x builds its ne/1 or receptacle = its "y4 ,:5 ! male & female h p]=m$ ! bus9ess ( copulation1 _!#cj next c>e is to provide a prop] habitation = rais+ & secur+ _! future prog5y2 to ?is end !y seek out a prop] spot t is secure f ra9s1 c4 & is s situat$ z to af=d a #ajjsuffici5t w>m? = ! "y (fspr+1 b n s hot z to de/roy in/ead ( n\ri%+ !m4 ,! sides ( a wall und]nea? ! eaves ( a h\se1 is ! place (t5 pit*$ on = ?is purpose4 ,?us prompt$ by nature1 & in/9ctively kn[+ ! necessity ( p]=m+ ?is "w1 !y c>ry a quantity ( dirt1 & place x aga9/ ! wall1 :i* !y temp] & s(t5 ) a liquor issu+ f _! bodies1 t r5d]s x suffici5tly /rong & t5aci\s1 & :5 dry1 is pro( aga9/ any ra9s t may happ5 to get at x4 ,! ne/ is compos$ g5]ally ( ab\t a doz5 cells1 t are r\nd1 & suffici5tly capaci\s to hold ! cat]pill> :5 gr[n to its full size2 ea* ( :i* is ab\t an in* long1 & ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 ly+ p>allel ) ea* o!r1 & =m$ 9 su* a mann]1 t ea* cell lies betwe5 two o!rs1 bo? above & bel[ x1 except ! outw>d ones1 hav+ a hole left op5 at ! extremity ( ea*1 = ! p>5ts to g 9 & out at pleasure4 ,see ,plate #de4 ,fig4 #h4 t at #i be+ a ne/ suppos$ to be cut ?r\gh its middle1 to %ew ! =m ( ! cells1 & mann] ( _! be+ built4 ,! indu/ry ex]t$ on ?is occasion is rem>kably great1 = 9 a few days ! :ole is complet$4 ,!re is no d\bt b ! heat ( ! climate greatly contributes to facilitate ?is "w1 z ! dirt ( :i* x is compos$ is quickly dri$1 & by t means enables !m to be v exp$iti\s4 ,_! next employm5t is procur+ a numb] ( small spid]s1 ) :i* ea* cell is prop]ly fill$1 & are to s]ve = food to ! "y brood2 ( ^! !y always take c>e to lay 9 su* a suffici5t /ore1 t ! "y ones seldom1 if ev]1 p]i% f want4 ,i h op5$ _m ( ^! cells1 & con/antly f\nd a spid] rema9+ uneat1 sometimes two1 & n seldom ?ree1 s t x is evid5t ! p>5t animal makes ample provision = ! appetite ( its "y4 ,by ! "t "o cell is repl5i%$ ) provision1 ! pregnant female1 f9d+ ! eggs )9 h] rip5+ to maturity1 & "u ! necessity ( dis*>g+ !m1 lays a s+le "o 9 ! cell1 & !n cov]s up ! hole ) dirt1 :i* 0 left op5 = a passage1 9 s neat & curi\s a mann]1 t ! nice/ eye c\ld n discov] ! place :]e !y us$ to ent]4 ,%e !n proce$s 9 ! same mann] to ! next1 & s on1 till all h] eggs are emitt$ & laid 9 _! respective cells1 ea* cell be+ furni%$ ) a s+le egg & no m4 ,my correspond5t assures me1 he is n c]ta9 :e!r ! male assi/s 9 build+ ! ne/1 or :e!r x is ! sole production ( ! female2 b !y bo? equally contribute to furni% x ) provision1 :i* !y c>efully wat* & pres]ve f ! ants1 t 9 t hot climate w\ld soon rob !m (4 ,9 a little "t ! "y ones are hat*$2 & ea*1 f9d+ 9 its respective habitation a prop] quantity ( food1 subsi/s !reon1 & !re lives unse51 till x arrives to its complete /ate4 ,:5 x 7! cat]pill>7 is advanc$ to its full size1 x =ms r\nd itself a br[n case1 z appe>s at ,fig4 #g4 ,plate #dd4 & at ,fig4 #aj4 ,plate #de4 & 9 t inclosure und]goes its trans=mation2 :5 x puts on its =m z at ,fig4 #h4 ,plate #dd4 rema9+ ) its legs1 w+s1 & horns1 clos$ r\nd1 z is !re %ewn1 till x has acquir$ /r5g? to break its enclosure4 ,at its fir/ assum+ ?is =m1 x is :ite1 s(t1 & t5d]1 & its w+s %ort] ?an ^? 9 ! figure2 9 a few weeks its becomes h>d1 /rong1 & ( its prop] #aja;col\r4 ,! w+s1 also1 be=e t "t1 gr[ to _! prop] size2 & n[1 f9d+ itself arriv$ at a p]iod :5 ! =em5tion$ circum/ance ( its conf9em5t is no long] necess>y to its well be+1 x obta9s its lib]ty1 by mak+ a hole at ! end ( its cell1 ) its jaws & =e legs1 l>ge en\gh to p]mit its escape4 ,! sep>ation ( ! ?orax & abdom51 by su* a long sl5d] membrane or ligam5t1 is v s+ul>1 & ! p[] ! insect is inve/$ )1 by means ( ^? jaws or =ceps plac$ at its m\?1 is really wond]ful2 = ! numb] ( insects1 ( a sup]ior /r5g?1 z well z size1 :i* x is capable ( de/roy+1 is sc>cely cr$ible4 ,x w ov]come a spid] ( twice its own size1 if x c b get ^u ! back ( x1 by means ( its =ceps & /+3 nor w multitudes ( o!r insects f9d x a less =midable enemy1 if !y are n gu>d$ by nature ) a cov]+ too h>d to yield to ! =ce ( ^! de/ructive weapons4 ,9 %ort1 x seems to be an animal =m$ by nature1 z "o ( ^? in/rum5ts in/itut$ = subdu+ & less5+ ! va/ numb]s ( small insects t ab\nd 9 w>m climates4 ,,plate ,,xlv4 ,illu/ration ,,leptoscelis ,,pictus4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,hemipt]a4 ,,subord]3 ,het]opt]a4 ,,section3 ,geocorisa1 ,latr4 ,,family3 ,coreid1 ,lea*4 7,anisoscelites1 ,laporte47 ,,g5us4 ,,leptoscelis1 ,laporte4 ,anisoscelis p4 ,burm4 ,lygu p4 ,fabr4 ,,leptoscelis ,,pictus4 ,nig]1 capitis l9e dorsali1 ?oraceque cr5ulato rufis1 hoc antic macul m>g9eque po/ico nigris1 femoribus gracilibus d5ticulatis1 abdom9e supra cyaneo maculis m>g9alibus rufis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #g l947 ,,syn4 ,cimex pictus4 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,lygu cr5ulatus1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #d4 #add4 #cc4 ,sy/4 ,rh4 #bej4 #aa4 7,alydus cr47 ,,habitat3 ,antigua4 ,head small & sl5d]2 r$1 /rip$ ) black4 ,eyes r\nd & project+4 ,ant5n black1 & ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! insect2 f\r-jo9t$4 ,?orax r$1 ) black m>ks ne> ! head1 & ano!r ne> ! abdom52 ! sides ly+ high & angul>4 ,scutellum black & triangul>4 ,hemelytra d>k 7almo/ black71 ! apical membrane be+ r less s ?an ! basal portion4 ,w+s almo/ transp>5t4 ,abdom5 above1 blue along ! c5tre1 & r$ on ! edges1 ind5t$ ) black2 b5ea? r$ & br[n1 z are also ! brea/ & sides4 ,legs black4 ,h9d] ?ighs1 hav+ sev]al sp9es on !m4 ,! proboscis ext5ds to ab\t ! middle ( ! abdom54 ,?is species is v closely alli$ to ! insect figur$ 9 ,plate #dc1 fig4 #c42 nev]!less1 _! descriptions are plac$ v widely ap>t 9 ! ,sy/ema ,rhyngotorum4 ,!y appe> to =m a good subg5us1 ne>ly alli$ to ,hypselopus ( ,burmei/]1 :i* is conf9$ to ,africa4 #ajb;,,eum5es ,,abdom9alis4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,hym5opt]a4 ,,section3 ,diplopt]a4 ,,family3 ,vespid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,eum5es1 ,fabr4 ,latr4 ,vespa1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,eum5es ,,abdom9alis4 ,fusco-fulva1 ant5nis fuscis apice nigris1 abdom9e pyri=mi petiolo longo nigro apice fulvo1 segm5to sequ5ti nigricanti4 7,long4 ,corp4 #aj l947 ,,syn4 ,sphex abdom9alis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head br[n yell[4 ,eyes black4 ,ant5n br[n1 b ne> _! extremities black1 be+ ! l5g? ( ! ?orax4 ,?orax br[n yell[4 ,w+s membranace\s1 yell[i%1 & almo/ transp>5t1 be+ fold$ longitud9ally4 ,abdom5 r\nd1 & long] ?an ! ?orax1 br[n yell[2 ! fir/ segm5t 7exclusive ( ! p$uncle7 black1 ) sev]al black spots or /reaks on ! "u side4 ,x is atta*$ to ! ?orax by a curv$ p$uncle1 consid]ably less ?an itself1 be+ black2 b at ! tip yell[1 & ( ! l5g? ( ! ?orax4 ,brea/ & sides black1 /reak$ ) br[n4 ,legs br[n yell[1 furni%$ ) a sp9e at ! tips ( ! tibi1 except ! h9d] ones1 :i* h two4 ,,c5tris ,,grossa4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,hym5opt]a4 ,,section3 ,mellif]a4 ,,family3 ,apid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,c5tris1 ,fabr4 ,apis1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,c5tris ,,grossa4 ,aureo-viridis1 nitida2 ant5nis p$ibusque nigris4 7,magn4 ,bomb4 t]re/r47 ,,syn4 ,apis grossa1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head black1 incl9+ to blue1 ) a mixture ( gre54 ,eyes l>ge4 ,ant5n black1 & %ort] ?an ! ?orax4 ,tongue yell[1 & secur$ )9 its br[n case4 ,?orax %9+1 ( a d>k gold5 gre51 ) a mixture ( blue1 hav+ a few black hairs on x4 ,w+s membranace\s & br[n4 ,abdom5 ( ! col\r ( ! ?orax1 b und]nea? m ( a maz>9e blue4 ,brea/ ! same4 ,legs hairy & black2 po/]ior tibi m s ?an ! o!rs4 ,?is f9e species appe>s ne>ly alli$ to ! ,c5tris v]sicolor1 ,fabr4 7,sy/4 ,piez4 #cei4 #bc47 :i* is an inhabitant ( ! ,isl&s ( ,am]ica1 b :i* is describ$ ?us1 ?orace hirto c9]asc5te1 abdom9e cyaneo1 ano rufesc5te4 ,,e*9omyia ,,hirta4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,dipt]a4 ,,section3 ,a!ric]a4 ,,family3 ,muscid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,e*9omyia1 ,dum]il4 ,ta*9a1 ,fabr4 ,musca1 ,drury4 ,,e*9omyia ,,hirta4 ,atra2 alis obscuris1 abdom9e rufo-fusco setis longis nigris obsito1 p$ibus nigris4 7,magn4 ,musc c>n>i47 ,,syn4 ,musca hirta1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 #ajc;,head black4 ,eyes light br[n4 ,ant5n l jo9t$ scales1 n hairy4 ,?orax above almo/ black1 ) a few hairs on ! sides4 ,w+s br[n & opake1 n transp>5t4 ,abdom5 r$ br[n1 cov]$ ) v long black hairs4 ,legs black4 ,,r$uvius 7,,conorh9us7 ,,v>iegatus4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,hemipt]a4 ,,subord]3 ,het]opt]a4 ,,section3 ,geocorisa4 ,,family3 ,r$uviid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,r$uvius1 ,fabr4 ,cimex1 ,l9n4 ,subg5us3 ,conorh9us1 ,laporte1 ,burm4 ,triatoma1 ,lap4 olim4 ,,r$uvius 7,,conorh9us7 ,,v>iegatus4 ,nig]2 ?oracis lat]ibus maculisque m>g9alibus abdom9is f]rug9eis1 corio nigro rufo-m>g9ato4 7,long4 ,corp4 f]e #a unc47 ,,syn4 ,cimex v>iegatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,r$uvius gigas1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,rh4 #bfg4 #c4 ,burmei/] ,,ii4 #bdf4 #a48 7,conorh9us ,g47 ,/oll4 #ac4 f4 #he48 ,wolff1 #ab4 f4 #aac48 ,,habitat3 ,antigua4 ,head black & small4 ,eyes black4 ,ant5n black1 & %ort] ?an ! insect4 ,?orax black1 ! sides r$ br[n & angul>4 ,scutellum small1 black1 & angul>4 ,basal portion ( ! hemelytra black1 v]g$ ) r$2 ! apical membrane opake & br[n4 ,w+s transp>5t4 ,abdom5 black1 ) r$ spots on its sides1 :i* are se5 also b5ea?4 ,legs black1 yell[ at ! base4 ,! ant5n ( ?is insect1 z repres5t$ 9 ! figure1 are q unlike ^? ( any ( ! ,r$uviid1 al?\gh 9 e o!r respect1 & m especially 9 ! peculi> neuration ( ! membran\s "p ( ! upp] w+s1 x agrees ) ! ,r$uvius gigas ( ,fabricius1 a species v widely disp]s$1 be+ f\nd 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ,si]ra ,leone1 ,ea/ ,indies1 z well z ! ,isl& ( ,mauritius4 ,,eri/alis ,,c9ctus4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,dipt]a4 ,,section3 ,a!ric]a4 ,,family3 ,syrphid1 ,lea*44 ,,g5us4 ,,eri/alis1 ,meig54 ,musca1 ,drury1 c4 ,,eri/alis ,,c9ctus4 ,at]2 ?orace punctis quatuor fascique po/ic sulphureis1 abdom9e ca/aneo fasci m$i sulphure4 7,magn4 ,musc4 c>n>i47 ,,syn4 ,musca ,c9cta1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head l>ge & black4 ,eyes br[n 7ant5n brok5 (f74 ,?orax black1 ) two yell[ spots next ! head1 & "o on ea* side1 at ! base ( ! w+s1 ) a yell[ l9e cross+ x next ! abdom54 ,scutellum *esnut-col\r$4 ,abdom5 *esnut-col\r$ at ! base1 ) a yell[ r+ cross+ ! middle2 at ! extremity gold5 gre54 ,legs & brea/ black4 ,w+s transp>5t4 #ajd;,,e*9omyia ,,pilosa4 ,plate ,,xlv4 fig4 #g4 ,,ord]3 ,dipt]a4 ,,section3 ,a!ric]a4 ,,family3 ,muscid4 ,,g5us4 ,,e*9omyia1 ,dum]il4 ,ta*9a1 ,fabr4 ,musca1 ,drury4 ,,e*9omyia ,,pilosa4 ,atra2 setis rigidis num]osissimis obsita1 alis opacis fuscis1 capite brunneo4 7,e*94 hirt paullo m9or47 ,,syn4 ,musca pilosa1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,ta*9a hy/rix1 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,antl4 #caj4 #h4 ,weidemann ,auss4 ,zw4 ,ins4 #b4 #bhd4 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head r$ br[n4 ,ant5n %ort & ?ick1 )\t hairs4 ,?orax & abdom5 entirely cov]$ ) ?ick black hairs1 or r bri/les1 :5 comp>$ ) ! size ( ! insect4 ,w+s opake & br[n1 n transp>5t4 ,brea/ black1 cov]$ ) black bri/les4 ,legs black1 sp9ose4 ,,plate ,,xlvi4 ,illu/ration ,,myrmeleon ,,libelluloides4 ,plate ,,xlvi4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,filicornes4 ,,family3 ,myrmeleonid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,myrmeleon1 ,l9n4 c4 ,,myrmeleon ,,libelluloides4 ,alis fusco punctatis maculatisque corpore nigro flavoque maculato4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,myrmeleon ,libelluloides1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 p4 #iac4 #a4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #b4 #ib4 #a48 ,latr4 ,g54 ,cru/4 ,ins4 #c4 #aia4 ,libella turcica major alis locu/1 ,pet4 ,gaz4 #f4 t4 #c4 f4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,smyrna 7,drury74 ,9 ,europa au/raliori et p] totam ,africam 7,latreille74 ,head d>k yell[1 divid$ by a black l9e1 :i* runs along x f ! ?orax4 ,ant5n black & clubb$1 small at ! base1 & gradually increas+ to _! extremities4 ,?orax br[ni% yell[2 hav+ a black l9e runn+ along its upp] "p1 & two small black spots at ! base ( ! sup]ior w+s1 be+ cov]$ ) greyi% hairs4 ,abdom5 ab\t an in* & a qu>t] long1 yell[1 ) a black l9e on ! top1 & "o on ea* side2 ! male hav+ two small horny tails issu+ f ! extremity4 ,w+s membranace\s & pellucid 7! inf]ior ones be+ z long z ! sup]ior71 & elegantly adorn$ ) a great numb] ( d>k spots ( v>i\s %apes & sizes4 ,fabricius gives ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope z ! habitat ( ?is species1 ref]r+ n only to ! pres5t figure1 b also to t giv5 9 ,vol4 #c4 ,plate #da4 :i* is said by ,drury to h be5 br\ght f ,si]ra ,leone4 ,?is is ! m inexcusable1 because ,drury expressly obs]v$ 9 a note1 ,!re is a species f\nd ne> ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope v mu* l ?is1 b di/9ctly diff]5t1 al?\gh 9 ! synoptical app5dix to ! ?ird volume1 he gives ! l>ge species f ,si]ra ,leone z a v>iety ( ,m4 ,libelluloides4 #aje;,,euptilon ,,ornatum4 ,plate ,,xlvi4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,filicornes4 ,,family3 ,myrmeleonid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,euptilon1 ,we/w4 ,g54 ,nov4 ,hem]obius1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,euptilon ,,ornatum4 ,viride1 ?oracis puncto antico abdom9eque l9e dorsali nigris1 alis hyal9is v5is num]osissimis1 /rigisque duabus obliquis obscuris4 7,expans4 ,al>4 circ4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,hem]obius ornatus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,d9widdie1 9 ,virg9ia4 ,head d>k gre54 ,ant5n pect9at$ or comb$4 ,eyes black4 ,?orax d>k gre51 ) a black pat* next ! head4 ,abdom5 d>k gre51 ) small r+s ( yell[1 & a small black l9e runn+ along ! upp] side f ! ?orax to ! extremity4 ,w+s membranace\s & pellucid1 or transp>5t1 ( equal l5g?2 ! sup]ior ones hav+ two small transv]se black /ripes plac$ ne> _! po/]ior edges1 at ab\t half an in* di/ance f ea* o!r4 ,latreille1 9 8 ,g5]a ,cru/aceorum et ,insectorum1 ,vol4 #c4 p4 #aii1 aft] describ+ ! g5us ,*auliodes belong+ to ! family ,hem]obiid1 obs]ves1 ,cong5]ica vid5tur insecta a ,dom4 ,drury iconibus vivis expressa1 tom4 #a4 ,pl4 #df4 ,fig4 #b4 #c4 ,i h nev] se5 ! pres5t species1 b f ! admirable accuracy ( ,moses ,h>ris 7by :om ! figures 7 drawn7 x is evid5t t ! neuration ( ! w+s ( ?is species is id5tical ) t ( ,myrmeleon1 agree+ especially ) ! insect repres5t$ at ,fig4 #d4 ( ?is plate1 & exhibit+ ! irregul> longitud9al n]ve bel[ ! subco/al n]ve & ! /rong furcate n]ve runn+ along ! middle ( ! w+2 :il/1 at ! same "t1 ! neuration is q unlike t ( ,fig4 #c4 ,h5ce ,i h no hesitation 9 plac+ ?is insect 9 ! family ,myrmeleonid4 ,x h[ev] disagrees ) ! g5]a ( :i* t family is compos$1 viz4 ,myrmeleon1 ,l9n4 7,myrmecoleon1 ,burm47 ,ascalaphus1 ,fabr4 & ,nymphes1 ,lea*1 9 hav+ bipect9at$ ant5n1 s t ,i h be5 compell$ to e/abli% a new g5us = its reception4 ,c x be possible t1 accord+ to ! n uncommon practice ( ! "t1 ! specim5 _h be5 m5d$1 & t pect9at$ ant5n _h be5 sub/itut$ 9 ! /ead ( ! ord9>y ones ( a ,myrmeleon8 ,,*auliodes ,,virg9i5sis4 ,plate ,,xlvi4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,filicornes4 ,,family3 ,hem]obiid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,*auliodes1 ,latreille4 ,hem]obius1 ,l9n4 ,drury4 ,,*auliodes ,,virg9i5sis4 ,capite ?oraceque nigris fulvo punctatis1 alis latis hyal9is v5is nigro punctatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc47 ,,syn4 ,hem]obius ,virg9i5sis1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,hem]obius pect9icornis1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #iaa4 #a48 ,pal4 ,beauv4 ,ins4 ,afr4 et ,am4 ,neur4 pl4 #a4 f4 #b48 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia4 ,head black1 ) a yell[i% spot 9 ! front1 & ano!r on ! top4 ,eyes greyi%1 & %9+ l poli%$ bell-metal4 ,ant5n pect9at$ or comb$1 & long] ?an ! ?orax4 ,ocelli ?ree4 ,?orax black1 ) ?ree small yell[i% spots on ! po/]ior "p4 ,abdom5 almo/ black at top1 #ajf;& und]nea? ( a greyi% yell[ 7z are all ! legs71 hav+ two %ort set or tails at ! extremity4 ,w+s membranace\s & transp>5t2 ! n]ves appe>+1 :5 view$ by a magnifi]1 to be black & :ite1 l ! quills ( a porcup9e4 ,inf]ior w+s %ort] ?an ! sup]ior4 ,drury has figur$ ! w+s z ( an uni=m col\rless appe>ance1 :i* induces me to consid] t x may be di/9ct f ! ,l9nan ,h4 pect9icornis1 t species be+ describ$ by ! great ,sw$e ) signaturis n]visque fuscis albo sub>ticulatis4 ,f ! pal5ess ( ! pres5t species x is evid5t t ! transv]se n]ves connect+ ! longitud9al ribs ( ! w+s 9 ! typical species ( ?is g5us h be5 ov]look$1 especially z ! longitud9al n]ves are correctly repres5t$4 ,?is g5us & ,corydalis1 seem to =m a connect+ l9k betwe5 ,hem]obius & ,p]la4 ,,myrmeleon ,,am]icanum4 ,plate ,,xlvi4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,filicornes4 ,,family3 ,myrmeleonid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,myrmeleon1 ,l9n1 c4 ,,myrmeleon ,,am]icanum4 ,?orace griseo nigro notato1 alis hyal9is fusco et luteo punctatis1 punctis nonnullis l9eam c5tralem longitud9alem =mantibus1 abdom9e fusco4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #e unc47 ,,syn4 ,myrmeleon am]icanus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,head black1 front grey & hairy4 ,m\? ) f\r long palpi4 ,eyes d>k br[n1 almo/ black4 ,ant5n black1 & z long z ! ?orax2 be+ small at ! base1 & increas+ 9 size to _! extremities4 ,neck yell[i%1 /rip$ ) black1 & cov]$ ) longi% grey hairs4 ,?orax yell[i%1 ) black /ripes1 & cov]$ ) long grey hairs4 ,abdom51 :i* is full an in* & a half long1 br[ni%-col\r$1 & d>k] on ! sides2 be+ furni%$ at ! extremity ) two %ort hairy tails1 seem+ly ( a horny sub/ance4 ,w+s ( equal l5g?1 membranace\s & transp>5t1 hav+ a great numb] ( small spots !reon ( a d>k br[n col\r2 ! sup]ior ones be+ mo/ spott$4 ,legs black1 & cov]$ ) grey hairs2 ea* ( !m be+ furni%$ at ! tips ( ! tibi ) two long sp9es t b5d inw>dly t[>ds ea* o!r4 ---- ,,libellulid1 ,pl4 #dg #dh4 ,all ! insects repres5t$ 9 ^! two plates belong to ! g5us ,libellula ( ,l9nu1 or ! family ( ,dragon-flies1 ,libellulid4 ,:5 ! orig9al edition ( ?is "w 0 publi%$1 !re 0 no ,engli% "w 9 :i* ! natural hi/ory & curi\s trans=mations ( ?is tribe ( insects 7 detail$4 ,our au?or1 !re=e1 9 ord] to supply ! defici5cy1 publi%$ ! foll[+ int]e/+ s]ies ( obs]vations ^u ! subject3-- ,z ,i h n met ) any ,engli% au?or :o has giv5 ! natural hi/ory ( ! insects del9eat$ 9 ^! two plates1 ,i %all make no apology = its introduction2 #ajg! frequ5t opportunities ,i h _h ( obs]v+ _! mode ( life & action1 toge!r ) ! _m s+ul> circum/ances obs]vable 9 bo?1 be+ motives = its publication too p[]ful to be resi/$4 ,x is n easy to det]m9e :e!r !y %\ld be rank$ among ! wat] insects1 or ^? ( ! l&1 nor %all ,i attempt "h to asc]ta9 x2 my pres5t bus9ess be+ only to relate ! sev]al circum/ances att5d+ !m dur+ _! respective /ates 9 :i* !y are pass+ f ! egg to ! complete animal3 & al?\gh ^! obs]vations h be5 conf9$ to our ,engli% ones1 yet !y s exactly agree & co9cide ) ^? ( =eign c\ntries1 7z my correspond5ts h assur$ me71 t _! nature & behavi\r appe> to be j ! same2 s t :at is obs]vable 9 ours1 is at ! same "t applicable to ! :ole g5us :]ev] f\nd4 ,if we take a cursory view ( ! diff]5t ranks ( animals t inhabit our globe1 we %all h>dly f9d "o t c excite our wond] & a/oni%m5t m ?an ?is g5us2 nor is x f t g5]al ignorance ( ! insect _w1 t reigns s /rongly 9 ^! k+doms1 t ,i am embold5$ to say ?is2 b if we reflect t ! bea/s1 birds1 & reptiles are furni%$ ) p[]s = liv+ only 9 ! air1 & t ev5 ! amphibi\s tribes c p]=m ! (fice ( respiration only 9 t elem5t3 if we also consid] t fi%es1 on ! contr>y1 are unable to respire b 9 wat]1 & :5 depriv$ ( t mu/ c]ta9ly p]i%1 we _c b conclude t all ^! animals are mo/ wisely fitt$ ) means & faculties = fill+ up ! respective ord]s & ranks :]e9 !y are plac$4 ,b let u ca/ our eyes on ! subjects ,i am ab\t to describe1 & !re behold a tribe ( be+s1 :o1 z soon z !y leave _! eggs1 subsi/ = a c]ta9 numb] ( mon?s1 7,i _h almo/ said ye>s71 creep+ & swimm+ 9 ! liquid elem5t2 are !re inve/$ ) organs & p[]s = exi/+ & wea!r+ out ! utmo/ sev]ity & intemp]ance ( ! w9t]2 t aft]w>ds z ! spr+ & summ] advances1 & ! p]iod arrives :5 !y are to appe> 9 o!r =ms1 9 ! space ( ab\t half an h\r ^? v organs & p[]s t be=e enabl$ !m to live "u wat] %\ld be s entirely alt]$1 ! v natures & abilities ( ! creatures s *ang$ z to p]mit !m to quit _! =m] elem5t & place ( resid5ce1 insomu* t all ! rema9+ "p ( _! lives is sp5t 9 ! op5 air1 furni%$ ) w+s1 & fly+ ab\t 9 ! full glee ( wanton lib]ty2 t 9 a v few weeks aft]1 hav+ p]=m$ ! bus9ess ( g5]ation1 ! same animals %\ld die ( m]e old age1 ) _! w+s q ragg$ & worn out1 _! /r5g? exhau/$1 & all ! p[]s ( _! bodies lo/ by a total imbecility & weakness1 :i* b a little be=e enabl$ !m to transport !mselves ?r\gh ! air ) ! swiftness ( a bird4 ,if1 ,i say1 we reflect on all ^! circum/ances1 we _c b all[ !m to be objects ( a v extraord9>y nature1 & well adapt$ = lead+ ! m9d to ! contemplation ( _! supreme ,au?or1 :o has ?\ght prop] to exhibit to u ^! k9d ( insects1 ?us diff]+ f almo/ all ! animals 9 ! creation4 #ajh,!y h be5 v>i\sly nam$ by diff]5t au?ors1 ow+ p]haps to ! "t :5 !y wrote1 or ! progress natural hi/ory _h made 9 ! _w4 ,"s h call$ !m by ! "n ( ,dragon ,fly1 o!rs ,add] ,bolt1 ,balance ,fly1 ,p]la1 ,libellula or ,libella4 ,i %all pref] ! la/1 z convey+ an idea well kn[n to ,engli% adepts4 ,! cat]pill>s ( !m all live 9 ponds & /agnant wat]s 7t are undi/urb$ by cattle7 dur+ ! greate/ "p ( _! lives1 & make _! appe>ance "u ?ree g5]al =ms4 ,! fir/ is %ewn by ,fig4 #a4 #a42 ! second by ,fig4 #b42 & ! ?ird by ,fig4 #c4 ,see ,plate #dg4 ,z ^! are ! %apes 9 :i* !y all appe>1 x w n be improp] to m5tion ea* p>ticul>ly4 ,! two cat]pill>s at ,fig4 #a4 #a4 ,plate #dg1 belong only to or produce ^? t sit at re/1 ) _! w+s erect1 7see ,plate #dh4 ,fig4 #b471 & diff] f bo? ! o!rs n only 9 size b 9 ! r\ndness & sl5d]ness ( _! bodies2 at ! extremity :]e( !y are furni%$ ) ?ree tails1 ea* ( :i* ^u exam9ation be+ f\nd to be a k9d ( fea!r1 & is an app5dage t nei!r ( ! o!rs h4 ,_! behavi\r also 9 ! wat] is diff]5t f ! o!rs1 be+ enabl$ to twi/ & b5d _! bodies 9 a m circul> mann]4 ,subfamily ,agrionides4 ,! second sort ( cat]pill>s1 at ,plate #dg4 ,fig4 #b4 are mu* %ort] & ?ick] 9 _! bodies ?an ei!r ( ! o!rs1 produc+ ^? ,libellas ) flat bodies1 z ,plate #dg4 ,fig4 #d4 & #f4 & ,plate #dh4 ,fig4 #a4 & #e4 ,^! are1 ( all o!rs1 ! mo/ disagreeable 9 _! appe>ance2 mo/ ( !m hav+ _! bodies & legs v r\gh & %aggy1 & ( ! exact col\r ( mud4 ,o!rs appe> ( a dirty gre51 & v unpleas+ hue1 a col\r t 9 g5]al reigns among !m all2 = none c boa/ ( any beautiful appe>ance :ile 9 ?is /ate1 unless ! diff]5t %apes "h exhibit$ c be call$ s4 ,inde$ ! beauty & symmetry1 s app>5t 9 _! complete /ates1 make ample am5ds = ! want ( x 9 ?is2 all ( !m 9 g5]al be+ !n v beautiful1 discov]+ col\rs sup]ior to art4 ,subfamily1 ,libellulides4 ,g5us1 ,libellula4 ,! cat]pill>s ( ! ?ird sort 7see ,plate #dg4 ,fig4 #c47 are v diff]5t f ! prec$+1 be+ ! size ( ! figure1 ) ! abdom5 flat at bottom & r\nd+ at top1 long] & sl5d]] ?an ^? at ,fig4 #b4 b n s mu* z ^? at ,fig4 #a4 #a4 ,^! produce ^? l>ge ,libellas ) long sl5d] bodies1 :o sit at re/ ) _! w+s exp&$1 z ,plate #dg4 ,fig4 #e4 ,subfamily1 ,libellulides4 ,g5us1 %na4 ,"u ^! ?ree =ms are all ! cat]pill>s ( ,libellas f\nd1 !re be+ b little diff]5ce 9 ! col\rs or m>ks ( ! respective tribes2 ! v>i\s sizes & %apes be+ ! *ief obs]vable circum/ances att5d+ !m4 ,!y are all furni%$ ) six legs1 & h ea* ( !m f\r little membranace\s sub/ances issu+ f ! back1 or upp] "p ( ! ?orax1 t are ! follicles1 or cases1 :]e9 ! w+s are inclos$4 ,:5 ! "y cat]pill>s issue f _! conf9em5t 9 ! eggs1 !re is no appe>ance ( ^! cases1 nor till a consid]able "t aft]2 b z !y arrive to a matur] /ate !y become m conspicu\s1 &1 l ! "y leaves ( trees t op5 #aji;& exp& !mselves on ! arrival ( ! spr+1 _! appe>ance increases1 till hav+ approa*$ ! p]iod :5 !y are to =sake _! =m] habitations & become inhabitants ( ! air1 ^! w+-cases h !n arriv$ to _! due size1 & c>ry ! appe>ance 9 :i* !y are "h se54 ,!y are all ( !m1 f ! l>ge/ to ! smalle/1 arm$ ) a /rong (f5sive weapon1 :i* s]ves !m1 & is inde$ ! means !y are endu$ )1 = obta9+ _! food4 ,?is weapon be+ plac$ 9 ! "u "p ( ! head1 j b5ea? ! m\?1 ,i h display$ 9 ,fig4 #a4 & #c4 ( ,plate #dg4 :]e x appe>s j 9 ! same mann] z :5 !y are endeav\r+ to cat* _! prey4 ,9 ! l>ge/ figure at #a4 & also 9 ,fig4 #b4 x appe>s contract$ & %ut up1 z :5 at re/4 ,! /r5g? & p[] t ^! animals discov] 9 ! use ( ?is in/rum5t is v s+ul> & extraord9>y4 ,!re are two jo9ts to x1 "o ab\t ! middle1 ! o!r und]nea? ! m\?1 close to ! ?roat2 & 9 "s 7p>ticul>ly all ^? ( ,fig4 #b47 :5 x is clos$ or contract$1 x appe>s fa/5$ to ! face ( ! creature1 by fitt+ x s exactly z to =m a p]fect mask2 cov]+ ! m\?1 & rea*+ almo/ z high z ! eyes4 ,9 o!rs x is made to fit only ! "u "p ( ! m\?1 & :5 at re/ is drawn up close und]nea? x4 ,at ! extremity ( ^? t are ext5d$ may be obs]v$ two v /rong & rem>kable fangs2 t1 %utt+ ov] ea* o!r1 =m a pair ( =ceps1 ( su* /r5g? t few1 if any ( _! captives1 c escape if once inclos$ !re94 ,?is organ is ! greatly develop$ l[] lip ( ! l>va1 & is analog\s 9 its /ructure to ! same "p 9 ! imago4 ,! motion ( ^! creatures 9 ! wat]1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ! l>ge/ size1 is v sl[2 seldom ex]cis+ any swiftness or activity1 unless !y are di/urb$ & ?reat5$ ) dang]1 9 :i* case !y c transport !mselves to places ( m security ) ! quickness or agility ( a fi%2 b1 9 g5]al1 !y appe> to h s little incl9ation to move1 t ,i h (t5 se5 !m 7,i mean ^? t ,i h kept 9 glass b[ls7 rema9+ 9 _! respective places above a week toge!r1 & c\ld n discov] ! lea/ motion 9 !m1 unless "u ! circum/ance above m5tion$1 or :5 !y _h se5 _! prey & 7 advanc+ to seize x4 ,! cat]pill>s ( ,fig4 #a4 #a4 & #c4 g5]ally fix !mselves to "s little /ick or /raw1 c4 t !y f9d 9 ! wat]1 & !re rema91 z ,i said be=e1 )\t /irr+4 ,^? ( ,fig4 #b4 are m frequ5tly se5 9 motion among ! ?icke/ "p ( ! roots & plants t gr[ !re1 r\t+ & se>*+ = ^? small animals inhabit+ t "p1 :i* are _! prop] food4 ,?is av]sion to motion1 s app>5t 9 ^? ( ,no4 #a4 & #c41 appe>s to me to be ! effect ( an extraord9>y cunn+ & sagacity2 & may be consid]$ z ! pr9cipal means by :i* !y obta9 _! prey3 = :ile !y cont9ue ?us motionless 9 ! wat]1 ! small animals1 :o con/itute _! prop] food1 approa* !m ) less fe> ?an !y w\ld o!rwise d1 n suspect+ _! gr& enemy lies ^u ! wat* to seize !m ! mom5t !y come )9 8 rea*2 b no soon] has _! ins5sibility ( dang] br\ght !m )9 a small di/ance ( ^? de/ructive weapons 7m5tion$ be=e1 be+ plac$ "u _! m\?s7 b t v in/ant !y d>t ^u !m ) #aaj! utmo/ rapidity1 sudd5ly ?r[+ out _! =ceps1 & seiz+ !m ) z mu* eag]ness z a pike does ! unw>y gudgeon2 !y !n br+ _! =ceps up to _! m\? ) _! prey 9 x1 & fea/ on _! captive prison]4 ,nor is _! voraci\s nature less a/oni%+2 & ! gre$9ess ) :i* ! l>ge ones seize o!r small animals w\ld h>dly ga9 belief among p]sons entirely ignorant ( ?is /udy4 ,i h se5 "o ( !m1 9 less ?an an h\r's space1 dev\r ?ree insects1 ea* ( :i* 0 full two ?irds z big z itself2 b1 9 g5]al1 ! small ones are ! sacrifices made by ! great]2 :]e9 ,i mu/ obs]ve1 t :5 !y h got a cat]pill> ( ! small ,libellas 9 _! =ceps1 su* z ^? ( ,fig4 #a4 ,plate #dg41 !y leave no "p uneat51 except ! ?ree tails1 :i* !y let fall to ! bottom1 z p]haps n hav+ sub/ance 9 !m suffici5t to af=d !m prop] n\ri%m5t2 = z _! food consi/s altoge!r ( animals less ?an !mselves1 !y nei!r sp>e ! cat]pill>s ( ! less] ,libell1 nor conf9e !mselves to ^? belong+ to o!r tribes4 ,!y w eag]ly prey ^u ! diff]5t k9ds ( ,cads1 or cat]pill>s ( ! ,phrygane2 great numb]s ( :om1 at c]ta9 seasons1 quit ^? husks or cases !y make & swim ab\t1 ) less fe> & dread ?an 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! spr+4 ,i h also se5 ! cat]pill>s ( ! ,notanecta's or ,boat-flies dev\r$ by !m1 & n seldom ! small blood-worms1 z !y are call$4 ,9 %ort1 !re are b few ( ! less] animals t live 9 ! wat]1 b :5 once !y get )9 ! rea* ( _! in/rum5ts w c]ta9ly fall victims to ^! fre%wat] ,levia?ans4 ,i c\ld nev] obs]ve t ^! cat]pill>s ev] ?rew (f any exuvia1 or sk91 9 _! progress f ! egg to ! complete animal1 z mo/ o!r insects d t live 9 ! op5 air2 nei!r c\ld ,i ev] p]ceive any diff]5ce betwe5 ! cat]pill>s & *rysalis's ( ?is g5us 9 _! outw>d =ms#ca3 ! same voraci\s behavi\r 9 seiz+ & dev\r+ _! prey1 reign+ bo? 9 "o & ! o!r2 b t !y int]nally und]go "s mat]ial alt]ation1 :5 pass+ _! respective /ates1 is :at ,i d n ent]ta9 ! lea/ d\bt (2 z ! organs ( respiration dur+ ! creature's life 9 ! wat]1 appe> to me to be "u a necessity ( receiv+ a great alt]ation1 :5 !y are to p]=m ! same (fice 9 s diff]5t a m$ium z ! air2 nor c ,i suppose ?is bus9ess to be done 9 s quick & sudd5 a mann]1 z ! %ort space ( "t 9 :i* ! creature w\ld !n be pass+ f ! cat]pill> /ate to ! p]fect "o w\ld p]mit1 )\t hav+ ! inte/9es prep>$1 z x 71 & fitt$ by "s previ\s *ange4 ,h[ev]1 z ?is is conjecture only1 ,i %all dwell no long] on ?is head1 my pres5t purpose be+ to po9t out & describe _! g5]al circum/ances & behavi\r4 ,:5 ! cat]pill>s ( ! respective species h arriv$ to _! full gr[?1 & nature in=ms !m !y are to quit _! =m] elem5t ( wat]1 = "o :]e9 !y are to appe> inve/$ ) v diff]5t p[]s1 !y prep>e = ?is extraord9>y *ange2 &1 creep+ up ! /icks1 /raws1 or plants !y f9d = _! purpose1 ^: tops gr[ out ( ! wat]1 !y entirely quit t elem5t1 &1 /opp+ at ab\t six or #aaa;eight in*es above its surface1 !re fix !mselves1 & cont9ue "s "t1 till _! int]nal =m1 gr[+ too big to be conf9$ )9 ! sk91 t a few m9utes aft]w>ds w be entirely ?r[n (f1 on a sudd51 t "p ( x t cov]s ! ?orax1 splits or bur/s on ! upp] side1 & ! creature1 pu%+ out its head1 next dis5gages its =e legs1 :i* fa/5+ to any sub/ance )9 its rea*1 draws g5tly ! rema9d] ( its body & legs entirely out1 j z a man draws 8 leg out ( a boot1 leav+ its sl\gh or sk9 /ick+ 9 its place1 & 9 ! exact =m :]e9 x appe>$ itself b a few mom5ts be=e4 ,hav+ ?us quitt$ its =m] cov]+1 x waits = ! w+s to exp& !mselves1 & gr[ to _! prop] size1 be+ be=e conf9$ )9 ^? small cases ,i m5tion$ 7 plac$ on its back4 ,9 ab\t half an h\r1 if ! wea!r is fav\rable1 ?is extraord9>y op]ation is complet$2 & ! w+s hav+ arriv$ to _! prop] size1 ! creature g5]ally makes an ef=t to try its /r5g?1 well kn[+1 t if x fails 9 attempt+ to fly )\t be+ endu$ ) a suffici5t degree ( x1 x mu/ c]ta9ly fall 9 t wat] x lately quitt$1 & !re p]i%2 b hav+ made sev]al motions ) its w+s1 & f9d+ its p[] equal to its desire1 x sudd5ly flies into ! air1 & !re fills up a "*1 z diff]5t f ! =m] z "o elem5t is f ! o!r4 ,at ! "t ?is *ange is accompli%+1 ! in/rum5t or weapon = cat*+ _! prey1 be=e m5tion$1 by an effect ( nature1 totally disappe>s1 & n ! lea/ ve/ige ( x !n rema9s2 ! m\?1 inde$1 is furni%$ ) jaws1 & ^? ( a v extraord9>y =m 7divid+ !mselves bo? horizontally & p]p5dicul>ly71 b no "p ( !m appe> ext5d$ beyond ! re/1 or h ! lea/ appe>ance ( be+ furni%$ ) an in/rum5t l :at !y _h 9 _! =m] /ate4#cb ,hi!rto ,i h consid]$ ^! creatures only 9 _! infant or incomplete /ates2 :]e9 ! faculties & p[]s !y are endu$ )1 are entirely diff]5t f ^? ( _! p]fect & complete ones4 ,9 ! =m] ,i h describ$ !m swimm+ & grovell+ ab\t 9 ! wat]1 prey+ ^u ! less] k9ds ( insects1 be+ incapable ( subsi/+ = any l5g? ( "t out ( t elem5t2 9 ! latt] we mu/ view !m capable ( fly+ 9 ! op5 air1 & convey+ !mselves f place to place4 ,if !y are !n conf9$ to ! limits ( a small pond1 !y are n[ capable ( rov+ f tree to tree1 & f field to field1 d>t+ & skimm+ along ) all ! rapidity & seem+ joy1 t a be+ s5sible (1 & exult+ 9 its own p[]s1 c be suppos$ to d2 9 %ort1 we #aabmu/ n[ view !m 9 %apes s di/9ct & diff]5t f _! =m] ones1 t !y h>dly seem to be> any relation to ea* o!r1 except 9 _! nature & appetites2 = al?\gh !y appe> 9 a f> m elegant dress ?an :5 9 _! cat]pill> /ates1 yet ^! are j ! same1 ! same voraci\s incl9ations subsi/+ n[ z =m]ly2 hunt+ aft]1 & prey+ ^u1 ! less] g5]a1 ) ! same eag]ness & desire z !y did :5 inhabitants ( ! wat]4 ,incr$ible numb]s ( small mo?s1 bees1 flies ) f\r & two w+s1 are ! daily sacrifices (f]$ to ! insatiable appetites ( ^! hungry gluttons2 & :]e !y dev\r$ "o insect 9 ! wat] !y n[ de/roy a hundr$1 if ! mildness ( ! season w p]mit !m to range ab\t 9 que/ ( !m4 ,9 ra9y wea!r !y seldom or ev] move1 nor :5 ! w9d is v /rong & boi/]\s4 ,inde$1 x is n to be wond]$ at4 ,! small insects1 :o are _! prop] food1 be+ by ! same reasons prev5t$ f be+ abroad1 consequ5tly are an imp$im5t to ^? motives1 t s /rongly induce ! ,libellas to fly ab\t4 ,dur+ su* inclem5t times !y g5]ally %elt] !mselves f ! w9d1 c4 be+ susp5d$ by _! feet 9 a p]p5dicul> position on "s twig1 t is remote & sep>ate f any b\ghs1 wait+ 9 t mann]1 )\t motion1 = bett] wea!r & sun%9e4 ,i am /rongly incl9$ to believe1 t ! great] "p1 if n all ! ,libellas1 are two ye>s 9 pass+ f ! egg to ! complete animal4 ,b z ?is is a circum/ance ,i d n rememb] to h se5 9 any au?or1 ,i %all n attempt to e/abli% my op9ion z an absolute tru?4 ,i %all m5tion my reasons = ?is belief1 & leave x to e p]son ei!r to confirm or confute x1 z 8 obs]vations %all h]eaft] give him an opportunity4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 x w\ld be necess>y ,i %\ld m5tion ! times :5 ea* species fir/ makes its appe>ance "h 9 ,engl&4 ,b z ?is w\ld n only take up too mu* ( ! read]'s "t1 7!re be+ at lea/ tw5ty-two ( !m7 b x w\ld likewise be impossible to be und]/ood by any1 b ! exp]i5c$ adept1 unless ,i gave figures ( !m all2 ,i %all !re=e cont5t myself ) obs]v+1 t ! ,libella figur$ 9 ,plate #dg4 ,fig4 #e4 ?\gh f\nd 9 ,am]ica1 ab\t ,new ,york1 c4 is ne>ly ! same ) our ,engli% "o1 diff]+ b a v little f x1 & :i* ,i h ins]t$ *iefly z an in/ance to illu/rate ?is subject4 ,ours is ! la/ species b "o1 t comes =? 9 ! summ]1 bre$+ only once a ye>1 appe>+ ab\t ! #bnd ( ,augu/4 ,!re=e1 to elucidate ?is po9t1 suppose we all[ a =tnight or ?ree weeks f t "t = all ! ,libellas ( ?is species to make _! appe>ance 91 t nature int5d$ %\ld be br$ t ye>2 b 9 ord] to set ?is matt] 9 ! /ronge/ light1 ,i %all all[ a mon? to t purpose4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! ,libellas 7 only "o ye> 9 pass+ f ! egg to ! p]fect /ate1 we might ju/ly conclude1 t aft] ! #bnd ( ,septemb]1 7a mon? f ! "t ( _! fir/ appe>+7 all ( ?is species w\ld h arriv$ to _! complete /ates2 & t none ( _! cat]pill>s c\ld be f\nd 9 ! wat]s aft] t "t1 by reason !y _h all quitt$ t elem5t1 & 7 become fly+ insects4 ,?is1 ,i say1 is ! conclusion we might fairly1 & )\t presum+ on ! matt]1 make4 ,b ?is is #aacv f> f be+ ! case4 ,= let any "o exam9e /agnant wat]s at any "t dur+ ! mon?s ( ,augu/1 ,septemb]1 or ,octob]1 & f !nce 9 any "p ( ! foll[+ w9t]1 & he w f9d ^! v cat]pill>s at any ( ^? times3 & ?is1 n 9 any "o p>ticul> ye>1 b !y w be f\nd also 9 any "o :atev]1 fully f$1 & ( ! l>ge/ size4 ,nor are ! cat]pill>s ( ?is species ! only ones to be f\nd fully f$4 ,^? ( ,no4 #b4 belong+ to ! flat-bodi$ ,libella1 w also be f\nd v pl5tifully1 _m ( !m be+ ( ! fir/ magnitude1 toge!r ) numb]s ( ! same species1 v "y accord+ to ! "t ( ye> :5 s\ght =2 & appe>+ to h be5 hat*$ f ^? eggs t 7 laid by p>5t insects 9 ! spr+2 = su* ,i mu/ conclude !m to be1 h[ else c we acc\nt = _! smallness1 at ! same "t t we may f9d o!rs ( ! l>ge/ size8 ,we mu/ n suppose !re c be ?is diff]5ce ( size 9 ! same species1 ow+ to "s eggs hav+ be5 laid ?ree weeks or a mon? soon] ?an o!rs2 t1 be+ s %ort a space ( "t z n to all[ x possible = "o ( ^? cat]pill>s to atta9 its full size1 7& all ! species ( flat-bodi$ ,libellas appe> )9 a mon? ( ea* o!r47 ,nor c we be s deceiv$ z to mi/ake a species ( ! long-bodi$ cat]pill>s1 = "o ( ! %ort-bodi$2 ! diff]5ce be+ extremely app>5t at ! fir/ glance4 ,^! reasons appe> to me s conv9c+1 ,i %\ld h ?\ght myself inexcuseable to h pass$ !m ov] 9 sil5ce1 :5 ,i 0 giv+ ! hi/ory ( ^! animals4 ,i %all !re=e ?9k myself happy to h ?is circum/ance corroborat$ by future exp]i5ce1 or rectifi$ & cle>$ up1 if f\nd to be an error4 ,i %all only say1 ,i h dwelt ! long] on x1 z x is an obs]vation ,i nev] he>d ( be=e4 ,i h likewise s+l$ out ! l>ge/ ,libella1 & ! flat-bodi$ ones = its illu/ration1 z be+ m conspicu\s by _! size1 & easi] to be obs]v$ ?an ^? ( ! small] sorts4 ,! two pr9ciples ( hung] & lu/1 s app>5t ?r\gh ! animal k+dom1 are 9 no class or tribe m manife/ & visible ?an 9 ^! insects4 ,! =m] ,i h describ$ & expla9$ ?r\gh _! diff]5t /ates2 x rema9s = me to %ew ! mann] 9 :i* !y obey ! calls ( ! latt]4 ,& h]e9 ,i mu/ obs]ve1 t ! diff]5t mann] 9 :i* ! act ( copulation is p]=m$1 dep5ds on ! diff]5ce ( ! respective k9ds2 ! organs ( g5]ation be+ plac$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! body1 accord+ to ! di/9ct species4 ,all ! flat-bodi$ ones h ^? p>ts plac$ 9 common ) mo/ o!r insects1 at ! extremity ( ! tail4 ,9 all ! sl5d]-bodi$ ones1 ! organ ( ! male is plac$ next ! brea/1 close to ! "p :]e ! ?orax & abdom5 unite2 :ile ! same organ 9 ! female lies 9 ! v extremity ( ! tail1 & ! s+ul> mann] ( ^! creatures c\pl+ is a circum/ance wor?y ( obs]vation4 ,z soon z !y h arriv$ to _! p]fect /ate1 ! males seek out _! mates1 9 ord] to propagate _! species2 = ?is purpose !y frequ5t ponds & /&+ wat]s1 places :]e ! females g5]ally h>b\r1 & :5 ! male 9 ! c\rse ( 8 flight comes )9 a c]ta9 di/ance ( h]1 if x be "o ( t species ^: sexual p>ts #aad;9 bo? sexes are plac$ 9 ! tail1 he imm$iately flies to h]1 & fix+ himself by 8 feet to ! h9d] "p ( h] abdom51 b5ds 8 body r\nd h] tail1 & p]=ms ! bus9ess ( g5]ation1 bo? fly+ ab\t all ! "t ?is act is p]=m+2 ! :ole transaction n exce$+ ! space ( half a m9ute4 ,)9 a few h\rs aft]1 ! female1 ?us impregnat$1 beg9s to lay h] eggs 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,%e s+les out a leaf1 grass1 or "s su* matt]1 t is float+ j bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]1 9 "s pond1 &1 hov]+ 9 ! air ab\t a foot above ?is spot1 on a sudd5 %e desc5ds1 & dips ! extremity ( h] tail 9 ! wat]1 at :i* in/ant %e dis*>ges an egg1 t at ! mom5t ( its emission is invelop$ 9 a glut9\s liquid1 suffici5tly t5aci\s to enable x to adh]e firmly on ! float+ sub/ance above-m5tion$ )\t s9k+4 ,9 ?is mann] %e cont9ues deposit+ !m till %e has dis*>g$ ! prop] quantity1 hov]+ 9 ! air all ! "t1 & emitt+ !m z fa/ z ! p5dulum ( a clock p]=ms its vibrations2 plac+ !m close to "o ano!r 9 no regul> or exact ord]4 ,:e!r %e dis*>ges at "o "t all h] quantity ( eggs1 or only ^? t 7 fecundat$ & ready = emission1 wait+ to h ! rema9+ eggs )9 h] aga9 fecundat$ by ! male1 or :e!r ! fir/ act ( copulation suffici5tly impregnates ! :ole quantity :i* %e dis*>ges at diff]5t times1 z nature rip5s !m1 is a circum/ance ,i _c det]m9e4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is c]ta9 %e does n dis*>ge !m all at once2 b comes aga9 to ! same place1 :5 ^? )9 h] are ready = emission1 & !re lays !m 9 ! same mann] z at fir/4 ,9 ?is mann] all ! flat-bodi$ ,libellas copulate & lay _! eggs2 ! o!rs1 :i* are =m$ ) sl5d] bodies1 behave v diff]5tly 9 e circum/ance2 = 9 ea* ( ^? species1 :5 ! male has s+l$ out its mate1 he flies to h]1 & by means ( two little bony sub/ances plac$ at ! end ( 8 tail1 issu+ on ea* side1 & compos+ a k9d ( =ceps1 he fixes himself to ! =ep>t ( h] neck1 close beh9d ! head1 ! female discov]+ no sign ( fe> :ile he is p]=m+ ?is action2 hav+ fix$ himself 9 ?is position1 he rema9s !re sev]al days1 sometimes appe>+ ) 8 body q erect1 at o!r times b5d+ himself1 & settl+ ) 8 legs on ! same sub/ance %e may happ5 to alight on1 )\t ev] quitt+ 8 hold2 b flies ?r\gh ! air1 ?us unit$1 :]ev] ! fancy or incl9ation ( ! female disposes h] to g4 ,?is behavi\r we mu/ consid] z a prelude to copulation1 = t is n p]=m$ till a consid]able "t aft] !y are ?us unit$2 & !re=e ,i look on x z a woo+1 or act ( c\rt%ip 9 ! male4 ,b hav+ rema9$ a suffici5t "t 9 ?is mann]1 t is1 till ! female is dispos$ to receive him1 %e b5ds h] tail r\nd to t "p :]e ,i describ$ ! organ ( g5]ation to be plac$ 9 ! male1 &1 be+ /ill held fa/ by ! neck1 9 t attitude !y p]=m ! m&ate ( nature4 ,?is action be+ ov]1 t 9 ! small] k9ds takes up a consid]able space ( "t 7= ,i h kn[n !m 9 ?is po/ure above eighte5 h\rs7 ! female soon aft] beg9s to lay h] eggs4 ,%e flies to "s ru%1 re$1 or o!r plant gr[+ 9 ! wat]1 & settl+ close to its edge dips #aae! end ( h] tail a little bel[ ! surface1 & fixes h] eggs to ! ru% or sub/ance %e is settl$ on2 :i*1 by means ( ! glut9\s matt] all eggs ( ?is k9d are surr\nd$ )1 adh]es suffici5tly fa/1 & !re rema9s till ! heat ( ! sun has br\ght ! "y animal into life2 :i* imm$iately on quitt+ its conf9em5t s9ks to ! bottom1 or repairs to ! place :]e nature directs x to seek out its food4 ,9 ?is mann] all ! sl5d]-bodi$ tribe behave1 diff]+ only 9 "s p>ticul> circum/ances2 z1 = in/ance1 ! l>ge/ ,libellas1 z t at ,fig4 #e4 ,pl4 #dg4 are n ne> s long 9 copulat+ or woo+ z ! small ones2 = by ! =m] ?is act is p]=m$ 9 a v %ort space1 & :ile !y are fly+ ab\t 9 ! air4 ,o!rs1 ( a small] size1 are less quick 9 ?is p]=mance2 & z we desc5d to ! smalle/ species1 we %all f9d !y take by mu* ! longe/ "t2 obs]v+1 by ! way1 t all ^! sl5d]-bodi$ ones lay _! eggs 9 ! same mann]1 t is1 by fix+ !m to "s sub/ance to :i* !y adh]e1 till !y are rip5$ into life4 ,my exp]i5ce well in=m+ me !y nev] scatt] !m 9 any loose c>eless mann] z "s insects d1 b are plac$ 9 su* prop] & apt situations z to receive ! influ5ce ( ! sun to br+ !m to maturity4 ,if we att5tively consid] ^! creatures1 ei!r 9 _! cat]pill> or complete /ates1 we _c help conclud+ !m to be a rank ( be+s ( great] b5efit & advantage to mank9d ?an !y appe> to be at fir/ view2 =1 n to m5tion _! be+ annual 'm9i/]s ( nature1' !y are appo9t$ by ! great ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se z gr& in/rum5ts = assi/+ to pres]ve t equilibrium s app>5tly reign+ ?r\gh ! insect _w1 & :i* all :o h made any progress 9 ! /udy ( natural hi/ory unanim\sly confess4 ,h5ce ! voraci\s disposition ( ! ,libellas is wisely made to answ] a mo/ necess>y & b5eficial purpose2 & ! great numb]s ( small insects :i* are daily sacrific$ to _! insatiable appetites1 bo? 9 _! cat]pill> z well z complete /ates1 is z /rong an in/ance z any ,i "k ( ! necessity & propriety ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! animals4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple reign+ ?r\gh ! :ole animal k+dom1 ( ! /rong] prey+ ^u ! weak & def5celess1 c h>dly be expla9$ to ! purpose ( be+ useful to mank9d1 & agreeable to ! laws ( nature1 9 any "o in/ance m ?an is evid5tly to be obs]v$ 9 ! subjects ,i h be5 describ+4 ,! lea/ reflection w confirm ?is2 = if ! food ( ! ,libellas :5 9 _! complete =ms _h consi/$ ( ! leaves ( plants1 l ! locu/ g5us1 & n ( ^? small insects !y n[ prey on2 or _h x1 l ! beetle tribe1 consi/$ ( ! sup]flu\s p>ts ( nature1 z ! putrid c>cases ( dead animals1 rott5 wood1 c4 h[ great a *asm w\ld !re h be5 9 ! univ]sal *a98 h[ evid5t & conspicu\s w\ld x h appe>$8 & h[ c\ld ! va/ numb] ( small insects1 increas+ e day dur+ ! summ]1 be re/ra9$ & less5$8 :at g5us ( ! transp>5t-w+$ class c\ld possibly h p]=m$ ?is bus9ess s+ly8 or c\ld all ! g5]a ( flies1 & ev5 birds t we "k (1 h accompli%$ ?is end8 c\ld all ! ,dipt]1 or any o!r #aafk9ds t prey on ! less] g5]a1 h prev5t$ su* an increase ( !m z to become 9 a little "t a plague too great to be borne8 ,no4 ,! ,almighty ,creator has mo/ wisely con/itut$ ?is g5us = execut+ ,8 comm&s 9 ! mann] ,i h describ$2 & = ?is reason !y mu/ be consid]$ z be+s ( great] consequ5ce ?an ! inconsid]ate "p ( mank9d all[ !m to be4 ,nor is ?is ! only advantage aris+ f _! exi/5ce4 ,! /ill wat]s1 :]e ^! creatures are inhabitants dur+ _! infant /ate1 are 9 "s degree by _! assi/ance pres]v$ sweet & good1 t o!rwise might corrupt & putrify1 = ! motion ! wat]s receive by ^! insects is n trifl+2 ! respiration !y p]=m 9 t elem5t be+ obs]vable by a close att5tion1 :i*1 toge!r ) t & ! motion ( ?\s&s ( o!r insects1 does 9 "s measure contribute to keep x sweet & :olesome4 ,,plate ,,xlvii4 ,illu/ration ,,libellula ,,lydia4 ,plate ,,xlvii4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,libellula1 ,l9n4 c4 ,,libellula ,,lydia4 ,subnea1 abdom9e 7male7 co]uleo lat]ibus luteis1 alis hyal9is1 s+ul /rig p>v basali fascique lat transv]s pone m$ium1 fusco-*alybeis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,lydia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia4 ,front ( ! head gre54 ,eyes d>k br[n1 v l>ge1 & plac$ ne> ea* o!r4 ,?orax gre51 hav+ on ea* side two transv]se yell[ /ripes4 ,abdom5 ( ! male blue1 ) small yell[ ind5t$ m>ks on ! sides2 t ( ! female yell[2 ! =m] hav+ two little horny sub/ances l tails at ! extremity1 :i* are want+ 9 ! female4 ,w+s reticulat$ & transp>5t2 ! middle ( ea* be+ ( a v d>k blue col\r1 occupy+ ab\t a ?ird "p1 & cross+ !m f ! ant]ior to ! po/]ior edges1 :i* by ! reflection ( :ite pap] becomes d>k br[n4 ,a d>k br[n /ripe also1 ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?1 issues f ! base ( ea* w+1 almo/ jo9+ to ! ant]ior edge2 bel[ :i* ! males h a :ite pat* plac$ on _! inf]ior w+s4 ,,%na ,,junia4 ,plate ,,xlvii4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,%na1 ,fabr4 ,libellula1 ,l9n4 c4 ,,%na ,,junia4 ,fuscesc5s1 unicolor 79 vivis viresc5s871 alis hyal9is1 co/ pallid infuscat1 /igmate oblongo1 nigro4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,junia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,head l>ge1 & 9 front ( a br[n yell[4 ,eyes br[n1 almo/ black1 l>ge1 & plac$ close toge!r4 ,?orax1 :5 ! insect 0 liv+1 app>5tly gre54 ,! abdom5 is n[ br[n1 b #aag0 probably gre5 also2 = ^! k9d ( insects are v subject to lose ! gay col\rs !y exhibit$ :5 alive4 ,w+s reticulat$ & transp>5t1 appe>+ ( a br[ni% col\r along ! ant]ior edges2 hav+ a small sl5d] black /ripe1 ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* long1 plac$ !reon ne> ! tips1 & a small angul> :ite spot at ! base ( ea* next ! body4 ,?is insect is v mu* l "o we h 9 ,engl&1 b n entirely s1 diff]+ 9 "s circum/ances f ours2 & is introduc$ r z a subject = illu/rat+ ! hi/ory ( ^! insects1 ?an z a specim5 m]it+ a place 9 ?is "w4--,drury4 ,,libellula ,,s]vilia4 ,plate ,,xlvii4 fig4 #f4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,s]vilia4 ,alis hyal9is1 basi flavis1 ?orace fusco1 abdom9e rubro4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,s]vilia1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7#aggc47 ,libellula f]rug9ata1 ,fabr4 ,mant4 ,ins4 #ccf4 #aa4 ,libellula f]rug9ea1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 t4 #b4 p4 #chj4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a4 ,?is insect 0 ( a beautiful r$ col\r :5 liv+1 b is n[ mu* alt]$2 be+ consid]ably d>k]4 ,head r$ br[n4 ,eyes d>k]1 b n black4 ,?orax r$ br[n2 hav+ a k9d ( ridge runn+ along ! middle ( its upp] side4 ,abdom5 r$ br[n1 flat und]nea?1 b above t]m9at+ 9 a high ridge1 f ! extremity ( :i* a small black l9e runs along ! upp] ridge to ! ?orax4 ,w+s reticulat$ & transp>5t2 hav+ a small1 sl5d]1 d>k /ripe plac$ ne> ! tip ( ea*1 & also ne> ! body a small r$di% br[n cl\d4 ,,plate ,,xlviii4 ,illu/ration ,,libellula ,,c>ol9a4 ,plate ,,xlviii4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,c>ol9a4 ,?orace fusco1 abdom9e 7male7 co]uleo1 alis hyal9is1 po/icis basi d5tato macul magn f]rug9e flavo c9ct4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,c>ol9a1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #b4 #ijd4 #ag4 ,amo54 ,acad4 #f4 #daa4 #he4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #b4 #chb4 ,libellula ,*95sis1 ,de ,ge]1 vol4 #c4 tab4 #bf4 f4 #a4 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york1 ,virg9ia1 ,*9a1 ,madras 7,drury74 ,front ( ! head d>k yell[4 ,eyes l>ge1 & situat$ ne> toge!r4 ,?orax dirty gre54 ,abdom5 r\nd2 & 9 "s appe>s to h be5 ( a yell[1 9 o!rs ( a blue1 col\r4 ,w+s reticulat$ & transp>5t2 ! sup]ior 7be+ n>r[e/7 h only a small d>k spot on ! ant]ior edge ( ea* ne> ! extremity2 all ! rema9+ "p be+ transp>5t4 ,! inf]ior h also a small d>k spot on ea*1 l ! sup]ior2 b close to ! abdom9al edge !y h a l>ge d>k #aah;cl\d on ea*1 :i* rea*es f ! ant]ior edge almo/ to ! po/]ior4 ,at ?is "p ! w+s are mu* broad] ?an is g5]ally obs]v$ 9 any ( ?is g5us2 gradually wid5+ f ! extremity to ! abdom9al edge4 ,,agrion ,,virg9ica4 ,plate ,,xlviii4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,agrion1 ,fabr4 ,libellula1 ,l9n4 ,calept]yx1 ,lea*4 ,,agrion ,,virg9ica4 ,aureo-viridis1 abdom9e nigro1 alis fusco-luteis apice nigricantibus1 /igmate 7female7 albo4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #i l947 ,,syn4 ,libellula virgo v>4 ,gamma1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7,exclus4 ,syn4 ,l9n47 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia4 ,head beautiful gold5 gre54 ,eyes r\nd1 black1 n s l>ge z ^? 9 ! o!r figures1 & plac$ at a di/ance f ea* o!r4 ,?orax gold5 gre54 ,abdom5 black1 long1 & sl5d]4 ,legs black1 v sp9ose4 ,w+s reticulat$1 & ( a f9e %9+ br[n1 some:at incl9+ to d>k blue1 ) a rem>kable :ite oval spot ne> ! tips ( ea*1 :i* "p is mu* d>k] ?an ! re/2 b 9 ! males is ! same1 ! w+s !re be+ ( a deep maz>9e blue1 almo/ black1 & )\t ! :ite spots4 ,drury obs]ves ( ?is insect1 t x is some:at l "o we h 9 ,engl&1 b di/9ctly diff]5t1 & soon to be discov]$ by comp>+ !m toge!r4 ,he nev]!less appli$ to x ! "n ( ! ,engli% species1 :i* ,i h be5 consequ5tly oblig$ to reject4 ,,libellula ,,b]5ice4 ,plate ,,xlviii4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,agrion1 ,fabr4 ,libellula1 ,l9n4 ,calept]yx1 ,lea*4 ,,libellula ,,b]5ice4 ,lutea1 ?orace nigro l9eato1 abdom9e 7male7 co]uleo2 7female7 luteo2 alis hyal9is nubil c5trali co/ali fusc /igmateque nigro4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #b unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,b]5ice1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia1 ,new ,york1 ,m>yl&4 ,front ( ! head yell[4 ,eyes br[n1 l>ge1 & jo9$ close toge!r4 ,?orax yell[1 & beautifully m>k$ ) black /ripes1 bo? at top & on its sides2 ! =m] runn+ p>allel ) x1 ! o!r obliquely4 ,abdom5 yell[1 ! *>act]i/ic ( ! female2 b 9 ! o!r sex blue1 ) black jo9ts4 ,legs black4 ,w+s transp>5t1 ) a sl5d] black spot ne> ! tips ( ea*2 9 ! middle ( ea* also is a r l>ge d>k cl\d plac$ on ! ant]ior edge1 & ano!r at ! base next ! body4 #aai;,,cordulega/] ,,sab9a4 ,plate ,,xlviii4 fig4 #d4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,cordulega/]4 ,lea*1 ,/eph4 ,libellula p4 ,drury4 ,,cordulega/] ,,sab9a4 nea1 ?orace nigro l9eato2 abdom9e clavato nigro1 flavo annulato1 alis hyal9is /igmate m9uto4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #c l947 ,,syn4 ,libellula ,sab9a1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,*9a1 & ! ,isl& ( ,johanna1 ne> ,madagasc>4 ,front ( ! head gre54 ,eyes br[n1 l>ge1 & plac$ close toge!r4 ,?orax gre51 ) ?ree black longitud9al /ripes at top1 & ) sev]al o!rs runn+ obliquely on its sides4 ,abdom51 next ! ?orax1 l>ge & gre51 ) black transv]se /ripes1 b ( a sudd5 becomes v small & sl5d] = ab\t five-eigh?s ( an in*2 black1 ) yell[ r+s2 aft]w>ds x becomes broad ne> ! extremity1 :]e x is black1 ! apex be+ yell[4 ,legs black4 ,w+s transp>5t1 except a small sl5d] spot ne> ! tips ( ea* on ! ant]ior edges4 ,,libellula ,,pul*ella4 ,plate ,,xlviii4 fig4 #e4 ,,ord]3 ,neuropt]a4 ,,section3 ,subulicornes4 ,,family3 ,libellulid1 ,lea*4 ,,g5us4 ,,libellula1 ,auct4 ,,libellula ,,pul*ella4 ,?orace villoso olivaceo1 l9eolis duabus sub alis1 abdom9e 7male7 co]uleo lat]ibus luteis2 alis hyal9is macul baseos fasci m$i apiceque fuscis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #c unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,libellula pul*ella1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 7#aggc47 ,libellula bifasciata1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #b4 #cgd4 7#agic47 ,,habitat3 ,new ,york4 ,front ( ! head gre54 ,eyes br[n1 l>ge1 & plac$ close toge!r2 beh9d ea* are two yell[ spots1 "o r\nd1 ! o!r oblong4 ,?orax hairy1 & ( a dirty br[ni% gre52 hav+ on ! sides two long yell[ spots plac$ obliquely above "o ano!r1 ! "u "o be+ ! %orte/4 ,abdom5 flatti%1 b triangul>2 9 ! male blue1 b 9 ! female yell[4 ,legs black4 ,w+s transp>5t1 ) a small br[n cl\d on ! tip ( ea*2 f :5ce issues along ! ant]ior edge1 a sl5d] black /roke ne> ! middle ( ea* w+4 ,ano!r small br[n cl\d beg9s on ! ant]ior edge1 & rea*es ab\t two-?irds cross ! w+4 ,at ! base ( ea*1 also1 a ?ird d>k cl\d ( a longi% =m seems to ext5d f ! body ne> ! ant]ior edge1 to almo/ a ?ird "p ( ! w+4 ,betwe5 ^! cl\ds ! males h a rem>kable :ite pat* or spot on ea* w+1 & also ano!r on ! abdom9al edge ( ! po/]ior ones1 all :i* are n to be disc]n$ 9 ! females4 ,,plate ,,xlix4 ,illu/ration ,,locu/a 7,,rutidod]es7 ,,squ>rosa4 ,plate ,,xlix4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,or?opt]a4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,locu/id 7,acridites1 ,s]v474 ,,g5us4 ,,locu/a4 ,gryllus2 ,sect4 ,locu/a1 ,l9n4 ,gryllus1 ,fabr4 ,acrydium1 ,latr4 7,,subg5us4 ,rutidod]es1 ,we/w4 ,acrydium1 ,s]v4 7 ,,locu/a 7,,rutidod]es7 ,,squ>rosa4 ,viridis1 pronoto trip>tito sp9oso1 elytris viridibus fusco-punctatis1 alis rubris nigro punctatis4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc47 ,,syn4 ,gryllus ,squ>rosus1 ,l9n4 ,mant4 #ecc4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #b4 #eb4 ,,habitat3 ,si]ra ,leone4 #abj;,head gre54 ,eyes p]fectly r\nd & d>k br[n1 v prom95t1 & /&+ at a little di/ance f ea* o!r4 ,ant5n #ah-;jo9t$1 long] ?an ! ?orax1 :i* is d>k gre51 & on ! upp] "p gibb\s2 hav+ on ea* side ?ree swell+s1 ea* ( :i* t]m9ates 9 ?ree %ort & ?ick sp9es4 ,tegm9a d>ki% gre51 ) a great numb] ( small black spots on !m ( diff]5t %apes4 ,w+s sc>let1 spott$ ) black2 ! spots be+ l>g] ?an ^? ( ! w+-cases1 & ( diff]5t %apes4 ,abdom5 gre51 ) sev]al yell[ r+s surr\nd+ x1 & ab\t ! same l5g? z ! tegm9a4 ,legs gre52 ! ?ighs be+ arm$ ) sp9es4 ,our au?or /ates1 t he 0 in=m$ by a g5tleman :o liv$ sev]al ye>s at ,si]ra ,leone1 & by :om ?is species 0 communicat$ to him1 t !y appe> ab\t ! end ( ,june1 & soon aft]w>ds retire among ! bran*es ( ! palm trees1 :]e !y reside till ! viol5t ra9s compel !m to quit t situation1 & live among ! plants1 c4 on ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! ,introduction to ! ?ird volume1 he h[ev] /ates on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,smea?man1 t ?is beautiful locu/ is an inhabitant ( ! s&y pla9s1 call$ ,savannas1 :i* inde$ ab\nd ) palms2 b my fri5d is 9 d\bt :e!r !y h any k9d ( pr$ilection = ^? trees4 ',al?\gh ! hot climates ab\nd 9 e "p ) insects ( ! locu/ & cicada k9ds1 insomu* t _! *irp+1 p>ticul>ly t ( ! cicadas1 becomes 9 "s in/ances intol]able2 yet 9 ! s&y pla9s be=e m5tion$1 :i* are ?9ly cov]$ ) grass1 _! numb]s are imm5sely great]1 & ( v>i\s k9ds1 sizes1 & col\rs1 skipp+ or flirt+ ab\t 9 all directions at e /ep ( ! travell]4' ,p]haps1 inde$1 _! k9ds may n be s v>i\s z "o w\ld at fir/ imag9e1 ! same insect diff]+ s mu* f itself 9 ! v>i\s p]iods ( its life4 ,f ! fact h[ev] "h m5tion$1 x seems mo/ c]ta9 t ^! insects bre$ "u gr\nd 9 ,africa1 z well z 9 ^! climates1 accord+ to ,l9nu & o!r entomologi/s4 ,f ! k :i* we possess at ! pres5t "t relative to ! economy ( ?is tribe ( insects1 x is necess>y to obs]ve1 ^u ! la/ above-quot$ passage1 t ! t]m bre$+ "u gr\nd1 mu/ be re/rict$ to ! m]e circum/ance ( ! eggs be+ buri$ b5ea? ! surface ( ! e>?1 because ! insects 9 all _! active /ages 7includ+ t ( ! pupa7 fe$ ^u grass & o!r vegetable sub/ances above gr\nd4 ,9 foll[+ up ! v prop] plan propos$ & p>tially effect$ by ,mr4 ,kirby1 9 ! ,zoological ,j\rnal1 ( re/or+ to ! prim>y divisions ( ! ,l9nan g5us ,gryllus ! names :i* he gave to !m1 & :i* h be5 s confus$ly employ$ by ,fabricius & ! ,fr5* entomologi/s1 & ( :i* ,i h else:]e giv5 a m complete explanation1 x is necess>y t ! g5]ic "n ,locu/a %\ld be re/or$ to ! true migratory locu/s compos+ ! g5us ,acrydium ( ,latreille1 & t a new "n 7,rutidod]es7 %\ld be giv5 to ! subg5us ,acrydium ( ,s]ville1 compris+ ! pres5t & o!r alli$ species4 #aba,,locu/a ,,t>t>ica8 ,plate ,,xlix4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,or?opt]a4 ,,section3 ,saltatoria4 ,,family3 ,locu/id 7,acridites1 ,s]v47 ,,g5us4 ,,locu/a4 ,gryllus2 ,sect4 ,locu/a1 ,l9n4 ,gryllus1 ,fabr4 ,acrydium1 ,latr4 7,,subg5us3 ,locu/a4 ,o$ipoda1 ,s]ville47 ,,locu/a ,,t>t>ica4 ,?orace subc>9ato trip>tito2 fusco1 l9e dorsali pallid2 elytris fulvesc5tibus fusco punctatis1 alis hyal9o subviresc5tibus4 7,expans4 ,al>4 #d unc4 #f l947 ,,syn4 ,gryllus t>t>icus8 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 p4 #gjj4 #db4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #b4 #ec4 ,s]ville ,revis4 ,or?opt4 p4 #ib4 7,acryd4 t47 ,gryllus am]icanus1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,,habitat3 ,virg9ia1 ,antigua1 ,new ,york1 ,madras1 & ,si]ra ,leone 7,drury74 ,t>t>ia et ,africa4 7,l9n47 ,head /rip$ ) d>k & light br[n4 ,eyes oblong4 ,?orax d>k br[n2 hav+ a light br[n /ripe runn+ along x f ! front ( ! head1 :i*1 :5 ! w+s are clos$1 is cont9u$ along ! m>g9 ( ! tegm9a2 on ! sides x is light br[n1 & m>g9$ b5ea? ) /ripes & spots ( d>k buff4 ,ant5n ?read-l1 & ab\t ! l5g? ( ! ?orax4 ,tegm9a d>k buff-col\r$1 almo/ transp>5t1 v>iegat$ ) /ripes & spots ( diff]5t %apes2 ^? next ! %\ld]s be+ ne>ly black1 & ^? t[>d ! extremity m transp>5t4 ,w+s v ?91 & m transp>5t ?an ! tegm9a1 be+ ( a gre5i% hue4 ,abdom5 light br[n on ! sides2 hav+ a small /ripe ( a pal] col\r runn+ along x1 & on ! upp] ridge is black4 ,legs pale br[n4 ,h9d] ?ighs almo/ squ>e1 ! out] sides be+ :ite & prettily *equ]$1 :i*1 :5 view$ by a magnifi]1 seem l scales laid ov] "o ano!r2 on ! outside ( ! tibi is a r\nd :ite spot1 & ov] t a long black "o4 ,po/]ior tibi br[ni% r$1 ) two r[s ( sp9es on ! h9d] sides ( a :ite col\r1 & tipp$ ) black1 consi/+ ( n9e 9 ! out] & elev5 9 ! inn] r[4 ,! diff]5t habitats giv5 ( ?is insect by ,drury1 leads to believe t he _h conf\nd$ sev]al closely alli$ species "u "o "n1 ,am]icanus2 :i* ,i %\ld h adopt$1 b = its inapplicability = ! individuals ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,x is also on ! l acc\nt t ,i h giv5 ! ref]5ce to ,l9nu ) d\bt1 al?\gh ,fabricius cites ,drury's figure "u ,gryllus t>t>icus )\t any hesitation4 ,,plate ,l4 ,illu/ration ,,empusa ,,p5nicornis4 ,plate ,l4 fig4 #a4 ,,ord]3 ,or?opt]a4 ,,section3 ,cursoria4 ,,family3 ,mantid4 ,,g5us4 ,,empusa1 ,latr4 ,s]v4 ,gongylus1 ,?unb]g4 ,mantis1 ,fabr4 ,drury4 ,,empusa ,,p5nicornis4 ,capite subulato1 pro?orace longissimo1 femoribus anticis fusco trifasciatis1 alis viresc5tibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #b unc4 #a l947 ,,syn4 ,mantis pect9ata1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,empusa pect9icornis1 ,fabr4 ,ent4 #b4 #be4 ,oliv4 ,enc4 ,m?4 ,no4 #cb4 ,s]ville ,revis4 ,or?opt4 #ba4 7nec ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #fia4 ,no4 #aj47 ,,habitat3 ,jamaica4 ,head yell[i% br[n2 ! upp] "p t]m9at+ 9 a po9t l a /rong sp9e4 ,ant5n /rongly pect9at$ or comb$1 & ab\t half ! l5g? ( ! ?orax4 ,?orax long & sl5d]1 flat on ! "u side1 & r\nd$ at top4 ,tegm9a v ?91 gre51 & almo/ transp>5t2 ext5d+1 :5 #abb;clos$1 beyond ! abdom54 ,w+s gre51 transp>5t1 t[>ds ! tips br[ni%1 be+ ne> ! same l5g? z _! cases4 ,abdom5 ab\t ! l5g? ( ! ?orax1 & ne> ! extremity ?ree times its bread?4 ,=e legs br[ni% yell[1 ) d>k spots on !m4 ,tro*ant]s t]m9at+ 9 a ?ick sp9e2 femora on ! out] side furni%$ ) two r[s ( sp9es1 & a deep groove betwe5 !m1 :i* seems =m$ = receiv+ ! tibi :5 clos$ up1 l z ! blade ( a razor is receiv$ 9 ! haft4 ,tibi furni%$ at ! extremity ) a /rong sp9e1 b5d+ inw>ds1 f :5ce ! t>si arise4 ,middle & h9d] legs furni%$ ) two sp9es at ! tips ( ! tibi1 & at ! tips ( ! femora ) "o2 hav+ f\r small membranes almo/ jo9+ to !m4 ,?is insect has be5 consid]$ by all writ]s z id5tical ) ! ,l9nan ,mantis pect9icornis2 b z t insect is describ$ by ,l9nu z an inhabitant ( ,*9a1 & ! =m] z f\nd 9 ,jamaica1 ,i h ?\ght x m correct to re/ore ! "n ( pect9icornis to ! ,l9nan insect1 & give t figur$ by ,drury ano!r d5om9ation4 ,,empusa ,,gongylodes4 ,plate ,l4 fig4 #b4 ,,ord]3 ,or?opt]a4 ,,section3 ,cursoria4 ,,family3 ,mantid4 ,,g5us4 ,,empusa1 ,latr4 ,s]v4 ,gongylus1 ,?unb]g4 ,mantis1 ,fabr4 ,drury4 ,,empusa ,,gongylodes4 ,capite subulato1 pro?orace antice dilatato1 tro*ant]ibus anticis sp91 femoribus quatuor po/icis lobo t]m9atis4 7,long4 ,corp4 #c unc4 #d l947 ,,syn4 ,mantis ,gongylodes1 ,l9n4 ,sy/4 ,nat4 #a4 #b4 #fij4 #d4 ,/oll4 ,mant4 t4 #af4 f4 #eh4 #ei4 #fa4 ,fabr4 ,ent4 ,sy/4 #b4 #ag4 #ag4 ,s]ville ,revis4 ,or?opt4 #ba4 ,roesel4 ,ins4 #b4 ,gryll4 tab4 #g4 ,,habitat3 ,madras 7& ,philadelphia1 s$8 ,drury74 ,africa1 ,asia 7,fabricius74 ,ea/ ,india 7,s]ville74 ,head yell[1 exactly resembl+ ! col\r ( a )]$ leaf1 & incl9+ d[nw>ds2 t]m9at+ at top 9 a sp9e1 ) a small membrane on ea* side4 ,ant5n %ort1 & ?read-l2 ab\t ! l5g? ( ! head4 ,?orax v sl5d]1 flat at bottom1 r\nd$ at top1 & groov$ on ! sides2 be+ ab\t ! l5g? ( ! abdom51 exactly repres5t+ a twig ( a tree1 be+ furni%$ on ea* side next ! head ) a ?9 yell[ membrane ( an angulat$ %ape4 ,tegm9a yell[1 ab\t two-?irds ! l5g? ( ! abdom52 ! edges are m>g9$1 & ! pr9cipal t5dons by :i* !y are unit$ to ! body ext5d l ! rib ( a leaf f ! base to ! extremity2 sev]al o!r small] ribs or t5dons bran*+ out f ! fir/1 make !m ! exact figures ( ! leaves ( trees4 ,w+s gre5 & transp>5t1 except on ! ant]ior edges1 & r %ort] ?an ! tegm9a4 ,abdom5 yell[1 broad t[>ds ! extremity1 b :]e x jo9s ! ?orax x is n>r[1 t]m9at+ at ! anus 9 a %ort po9t2 hav+ two small] ones above x on ! la/ segm5t b "o4 ,middle & h9d legs greyi% br[n1 & %ap$ exactly l ! twig ( a tree2 ! =m] be+ furni%$ at ! tips ( ! tibi ) ?ree small sp9es1 & ! latt] ) two2 ea* ( ! femora has a s+le sp9e to x1 & close !reto are plac$ ?ree membranes2 two on ! =e "p1 small] ?an t beh9d1 :i* is circul> & rem>kably ?94 ,=e legs yell[1 ) br[n spots or cl\ds on !m4 ,tro*ant]s flat & ?91 & end+ 9 a %ort /rong sp9e1 a little crook$4 ,femora broad1 & on ! out] side ?ick & holl[1 ) two r[s ( sp9es2 b on ! inn] side v ?9 & smoo?4 ,tibi jo9+ to ! %9s1 long & triangul>2 ! "u side be+ holl[1 & furni%$ ) two r[s ( #abcsmall tee? l hairs2 ! extremity t]m9at+ 9 a long %>p sp9e1 f :5ce issue ! t>si4 ,middle & h9d legs furni%$ ) two sp9es at ! tips ( ! tibi4 ,,bact]ia ,,l9e>is4 ,plate ,l4 fig4 #c4 ,,ord]3 ,or?opt]a4 ,,section3 ,cursoria4 ,,family3 ,phasmid4 7,spectra1 ,latr47 ,,g5us4 ,,bact]ia1 ,latr4 ,mantis1 ,drury4 ,,bact]ia ,,l9e>is4 ,obscur fusca 7viridis insecto viv5ti7 p$ibus gracilibus simplicibus4 7,long4 ,corp4 #b unc4 #d l947 ,,syn4 ,mantis l9e>is1 ,drury1 ,app4 vol4 #b4 ,gray ,syn4 ,phasm4 p4 #ag4 7,bact]ia8 l47 ,,habitat3 ,antigua4 ,?is insect resembles a p>cel ( /raws unit$ toge!r1 be+ entirely w+less1 & is inde$1 b incorrectly1 /at$ by ,drury to be ! l>va ( an insect l t at ,fig4 #a4 ,its g5]al col\r1 z he 0 in=m$1 is gre52 b hav+ receiv$ x 9 spirits1 x _h become ( a dusky br[n col\r4 ,head small & long1 rea*+ almo/ to ! =e legs4 ,eyes r\nd & black4 ,ant5n l hairs2 be+ z long z ! insect itself4 ,body1 :i* ext5ds f :]e ! h9d] legs are plac$1 consi/+ ( n9e segm5ts1 almo/ z long z ! rema9+ "p ( ! insect2 ^? legs be+ fix$ ne>ly 9 ! middle1 at a small di/ance f :5ce are plac$ ! middle legs4 ,?is insect belongs to a s+ul> & num]\s family1 kn[n to collectors by ! names ( ,spectres1 or ,walk+-/ick insects2 & o!rs1 ,walk+-leaves1 f ! /rong resemblance :i* !y exhibit to pieces ( dri$ /icks & deta*$ leaves4 ,! insect "h figur$ appe>s to be 9 an immature /ate1 & w\ld probably 9 its f9al /ate h acquir$ w+s4 ,our au?or appe>s to h be5 aw>e ( ?is1 b he incorrectly describes x z ! cat]pill> ( an insect l t at ,fig4 #a4 ,,end ,,( ,,vol4 ,i4 ,g4 ,,norman1 ,,pr9t]1 ,,maid5 ,,lane1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 ,,notes4 #a ,! orig9al title ( ?is "w1 ,vol4 ,i41 0 ,illu/rations ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 :]e9 are exhibit$ upw>ds ( two hundr$ & =ty figures ( ,,exotic ,,insects1 accord+ to _! diff]5t g5]a1 v few ( :i* h hi!rto be5 figur$ by any au?or1 be+ engrav$ & col\r$ f nature1 ) ! greate/ accuracy1 & "u ! au?or's own inspection2 on fifty copp]-plates2 ) a p>ticul> description ( ea* ,insect1 int]sp]s$ ) rem>ks & reflections on ! nature & prop]ties ( _m ( !m1 by ,d4 ,drury1 #aggj4 ,! second volume conta9+ upw>ds ( two hundr$ & tw5ty figures1 on fifty copp]-plates1 appe>$ 9 #aggc2 & ! ?ird conta9+ upw>ds ( two hundr$ figures1 also on fifty plates1 0 n publi%$ until #aghb4 ,! majority ( ! plates 7 drawn & engrav$ by ! celebrat$ ,moses ,h>ris1 b "s ( ! plates 9 ! la/ volume 7 by a diff]5t h&4 #b ,a simil> compilation br++ d[n ! sci5ce to ! pres5t "t w\ld be invaluable1 ev5 ) all ! inaccuracies *>g$ to ,gmel94 #c ,?is is evid5t f ,gmel9's occasionally copy+ "s ( ,fabricius' errone\s ref]5ces1 e4g4 ,bombyx ornatrix1 ,gmel4 p4 #bddd4 ) a ref]5ce to ,drury1 v4 ,i4 t4 #gd4 z 9 ,fabr4 ,sy/4 ,ent4 p4 #ehf4 in/ead ( tab4 #bd4 #d ,subsequ5tly pur*as$ by ! ,l9nan ,society4 #e ,?is contemplat$ edition ( ! ,sy/4 ,nat4 nev] appe>s to h be5 publi%$4 #f ,i f9d no notice ( ?is contemplat$ f\r? volume among/ ,drury's manuscripts4 #g ,see ,go$>tius1 translat$ by ,dr4 ,li/]4 #h ,see ,swamm]dam's ,book ( ,nature1 translat$ by ,dr4 ,hill4 #i ,!re is a species ( ants 9 ,africa1 exce$+ly num]\s1 & cont9ually rang+ f place to place2 n dwell+ 9 colonies or hills1 z we see !m 9 ,engl&2 be+ arm$ ) /rong jaws or =ceps1 & :atev] animal !y assail 9 ! c\rse ( _! travels1 !y g5]ally by means ( _! numb]s ov]come2 !re be+ no me?od ( secur+ !mselves1 or pres]v+ _! lives1 b by runn+ into ! wat]4 ,! blacks1 z ,i h be5 in=m$ by g5tlem5 :o h liv$ !re1 w get out ( _! way1 or quit _! habitations1 tak+ _! *ildr51 c4 ) !m1 & wait till ! ants h pass$ !m4 ,s num]\s is ?is ho/1 t a de]1 hog1 c4 be+ kill$ & left on ! gr\nd1 9 "o night w h ! fle% entirely cle>$ f ! bones1 & made a complete skeleton4 #aj ,if any p]son is incl9able to make ?is trial1 ,i mu/ advise him to collect !m 9 ! spr+1 :5 !y ab\nd ) ?is liquor1 & to *oose only ! females1 ^: bodies at t season are s l>ge1 be+ z x 7 ov]*>g$ ) oil & a great numb] ( eggs1 t !y seem ) difficulty to drag !m along4 ,:5 !y h dis*>g$ _! eggs1 !y appe> mu* less1 & are n furni%$ ) t oil !y be=e ab\nd$ )4 ,! males h little1 if any ( x1 !re=e are n prop] = ! purpose4 ,?is insect is ( a blue col\r1 & f\nd 9 ! fields dur+ ! mon?s ( ,april & ,may1 9 ! /ate ,i h m5tion$2 ! blue col\r is n %9+ & beautiful z t on ! belly & legs ( ! blue dung beetle1 b ( a f9e maz>9e blue1 )\t t poli%4 ,x is ab\t an in* & half long 7! males are %ort]71 ! head & ?orax ab\t five-eigh?s ( an in*1 be+ v small & sl5d] = ! size ( ! insect4 #aa ,i h se5 9 ! cab9et ( a v curi\s lady1 si/] to ,ralph ,willett1 ,esq4 ( ,dean ,/reet1 ,soho1 n less ?an =ty ( ?is species1 be+ tak5 ne> 8 seat at ,morley ,place1 ne> ,w9b\rn1 9 ,dorset%ire1 :]e %e in=m$ me !y 7 f\nd 9 great pl5ty dur+ ! mon? ( ,june or ,july1 frequ5t+ ! privet trees4 ,i h also f\nd !m 9 ! environs ( ,london1 b n pl5tifully4 #ab ,! synonyms ( ?is au?or are all tak5 f ! #ab? edition4 #ac ,! prim>y division ( ! ,annulose subk+dom1 n[ adopt$1 is into classes1 ,cru/acea1 ,ara*nida1 ,insecta4 #ad ,! prim>y division ( ! class ,insecta1 n[ adopt$1 is into ord]s1 ,lepidopt]a 7call$ f>9ace\s by ,drury71 ,coleopt]a 7call$ cru/ace\s by ,drury71 c4 #ae ,9 consequ5ce ( ! great increase ( ! sci5ce x has be5 f\nd necess>y to divide ! ,ord]s ( ,insects into ,sections1 ,families1 ,subfamilies1 c4 be=e arriv+ at ,g5]a1 :i* are n[ mu* m limit$ ?an 9 ! "t ( ,l9nu4 #af ,!re is no bran* ( natural hi/ory :]e ! exi/5ce ( a ,lusus ,natur is s pla9 & obs]vable z 9 ?is1 p>ticul>ly among ! insects br\ght f w>m climates2 :]e ! wantonness & luxuriance ( nature is s great2 t its laws1 /rict & regul> z !y are1 ?r\gh ! re/ ( ! animal creation1 almo/ seem to be invad$ & broke 9 ^u4 ,in/ances1 also1 are frequ5t 9 ?is /udy1 ( a clu/] ( eggs be+ dis*>g$ by a female1 ! insects spr++ f :i*1 h diff]$ 9 ! circum/ances above-m5tion$ s v greatly1 z 9 "s cases to be mi/ak5 = diff]5t species4 #ag ,9 ^! def9itions1 ,i h ?\ght x s]viceable to give ! mod]n names )\t introduc+ ^?1 n[ out ( use1 employ$ by ,drury1 c4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s p>ts are alone notic$4 7,j4 ,o4 ,w47 #ah ,by five eyes1 ,i mean ^? t h ?ree less] ones1 z 9 ,plate #dc1 #dd1 #de1 c4 ,see ! ,plate 9 ! ,preface1 fig4 #d4 #ai ,!y are "p ( & give support to ! h9d pair ( legs4 #bj ,! "n ( ?is ,african species has n be5 record$4 ,! foll[+ additional obs]vations by ,mr4 ,smea?man w be s]viceable 9 enabl+ u to obta9 an idea ( ! treasures :i*1 ev5 yet1 ,european entomologi/s may expect to receive f ?is b little inve/igat$ qu>t] ( ! globe4 ,! :ole c\ntry ( ,africa1 )9 ! tropics1 is "o imm5se =e/1 except :]e ! s&y pla9s are too unsettl$ to af=d a prop] foot+ = vegetation4 ,:]ev] any inhabitants settle1 !y make plantations by cutt+ d[n ! woods & burn+ !m to f]tilize ! gr\nd1 & nev] s[ two ye>s toge!r on ! same spot1 b let ! trees gr[ up aga9 = two or ?ree ye>s1 by way ( fall[1 be=e !y attempt to get ano!r crop f x4 ,x is ^! spots1 :i* ,smea?man calls rec5t plantations1 :i* af=d ! greate/ v>iety ( insects & ! easie/ obta9$4 ,9 ! second & ?ird ye> !y become impassable to human feet4 #ba ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smi? /ates t ! ,l9nan cab9et does n conta9 a specim5 ( ?is insect1 nor ( ! ,ilioneus ( ! ,insects ( ,georgia1 pl4 #b1 "o ( ! figures ( :i* 0 consid]$ by ,mr4 ,jones1 ! celebrat$ lepidopt]i/1 to be ! ,l9nan ,troilus4 ,nev]!less1 on ! au?ority ( ! ,banksian cab9et labell$ 7f recollection alone7 by ,fabricius1 ,sir ,j4 ,e4 ,smi? gave ! ,a/]ias "u ! "n ( ,troilus1 & ! true ,troilus z a new species4 #bb ,f ! peculi> p[] ( contraction & elongation possess$ by ^! segm5ts1 & :i* is f\nd 9 ! cat]pill>s ( o!r species ( ,deilephila1 ^! insects h obta9$ ! "n ( ,elephant-hawk ,mo?s4 #bc ,s9ce ?is 0 writt51 ,i h be5 fav\r$ by ,mr4 ,mac,leay ) an inspection ( 8 magnific5t collection1 :i* possesses a ,golia?us1 ne>ly resembl+ ! insect "h figur$1 & :i* t g5tleman consid]s z a v>iety ( ?is4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 consid]ably small]1 & ! horns ( ! head are n s mu* develop$4 #bd ,golia?4 micans is an inhabitant ( ,africa1 & n ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 x is figur$ 9 ! #bnd vol4 ( ^! ,illu/rations1 pl4 #cb4 #be ,! female ( ?is insect & two o!r new species ( ,golia?us1 are describ$ by ,m4 ,l4 ,buquet1 9 ! ,annales de la ,socit ,entomologique de ,france1 = #ahce & #ahcf4 #bf ,h5ce ,i h n adopt$ ,de ,lam>ck's specific "n ,africanus1 :i* is ( c\rse applicable to all ! species4 #bg ,^! scales1 :i* ,drury 9 8 description call$ ! abdom9al scales1 are ! dilat$ tro*ant]s ( ! po/]ior pair ( legs4 #bh ,if ?is _h really be5 ! case1 ! ,fabrician "n ought surely to h yield$ to t ( ,l9nu4 #bi ,let no "o t is unacqua9t$ ) ?is /udy1 suppose t !re is any exagg]ation 9 ?is acc\nt2 or t :at ,i h relat$1 is done ) a view to cat* ! op9ion ( ! public4 ,f> f x4 ,e adept kn[s x1 & to e adept ,i w\ld appeal4 ,i h c\nt$ above ?ree hundr$ eggs1 conta9$ 9 ! bag ( a spid]2 & ,i h obs]v$ m ?an t numb] laid by a wat] insect 7,phryganea7 on a blade ( grass1 by a riv] side4 ,! mo?1 common 9 our g>d5s1 nam$ ! ,great ,tig] 7or ,caja ( ,l9nu71 lays above six hundr$ eggs2 & almo/ d\ble t numb] ,i h kn[n dis*>g$ by a ,long ,legs1 z x is call$1 or ,tipula ( ,l9nu4 ,go$>tius m5tions two ?\s& worms t he pla9ly c\nt$1 spr++ f _! p>5t insect1 & imag9es !re 7 ?ree ?\s& br$ f ! same animal4 #cj ,f our in=mation respect+ ! habits ( ! indig5\s & ,european species ( ,fossorial ,hym5opt]\s insects1 includ+ ! ,pelopu spirifex1 x is evid5t t ! male takes no %>e 9 ! lab\r ( con/ruct+ ! ne/4 ,see my memoirs ^u ?is subject 9 ! ,annales de la ,socit ,entomologique de ,france1 = #ahcf1 & ! ,transactions ( ! ,entomological ,society ( ,london1 vol4 i4 = ! same ye>1 & ! ,memoirs ( ,sa9t ,f>geau & ,%uck>d !re9 ref]r$ to4 #ca ,! pres5ce ( ! dorsal w+ cases indicates ! arrival ( ! insect at ! pupa /ate4 #cb ,! morn+ is ! "t !y g5]ally *oose = complet+ ?is *ange1 because ,i am pretty c]ta9 x is 9 _! p[] to ret>d ?is reg5]ation consid]ably1 if ,i c judge f concurr5t circum/ances att5d+ ^? ,i h kept 9 glass b[ls1 on purpose to obs]ve _! nature & behavi\r4 ,9 "o ( ^! ,i h se5 two libella-cat]pill>s1 t 7 fully gr[n1 = ?ree days successively creep up ! /raws out ( ! wat]1 9 ord] to und]go _! trans=mation2 b f9d+ !mselves depriv$ ( ! sun-%9e1 7a circum/ance g5]ally att5d+ ?is p]=mance17 or at lea/ t agreeable w>m? ( air s necess>y = _! purpose1 !y retir$ into ! wat]3 9 an h\r's "t !y made ano!r essay1 b f9d+ ! same circum/ances subsi/+ z be=e1 !y aga9 retir$ "u wat]1 & ?is !y cont9u$ do+ = ?ree morn+s2 till at l5g? "o ( !m1 we>i$ out by ^? frequ5t ef=ts1 ! p]iod ( nature n be+ to be totally avoid$ or suppress$1 al?\gh x might be ret>d$1 p]i%$ 9 ! wat]1 be+ at l5g? s weak z to be unable to creep above its surface4 ,! o!r1 on remov+ ! vessel into ! sun%9e1 yield$ its prop] insect4