,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,by ,,george ,,br&es ,,au?or ,,( ,,william ,,%akespe>e1 ,,etc4 ,,london ,,william ,,he9emann #aiad ,illu/ration3 ,sculptor3 ,j4 ,davidson4--,photo3 ,a4 ,langdon ,coburn4 ,i ,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,ari/ocratic ,,radicalism#a 7#ahhi7 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e appe>s to me ! mo/ int]e/+ writ] 9 ,g]man lit]ature at ! pres5t "t4 ,?\gh little kn[n ev5 9 8 own c\ntry1 he is a ?9k] ( a high ord]1 :o fully des]ves to be /udi$1 discuss$1 conte/$ & ma/]$4 ,among _m good qualities he has t ( imp>t+ 8 mood to o!rs & sett+ _! ?\ghts 9 motion4 ,dur+ a p]iod ( eighte5 ye>s ,nietzs*e has writt5 a long s]ies ( books & pamphlets4 ,mo/ ( ^! volumes consi/ ( aphorisms1 & ( ^! ! great] "p1 z well z ! m orig9al1 are conc]n$ ) moral prejudices4 ,9 ?is prov9ce w be f\nd 8 la/+ importance4 ,b besides ?is he has dealt ) ! mo/ v>i$ problems2 he has writt5 on culture & hi/ory1 on art & wom51 on companion%ip & solitude1 on ! ,/ate & society1 on life's /ruggle & dea?4 ,he 0 born on ,octob] #ae1 #ahdd2 /udi$ philology2 became 9 #ahfi pr(essor ( philology at ,basle2 made ! acqua9tance ( ,ri*>d ,wagn] & became w>mly atta*$ to him1 & associat$ also ) ! di/+ui%$ hi/orian ( ! ,r5aissance1 ,jakob ,burkh>dt4 ,nietzs*e's admiration & affection = ,burkh>dt 7 la/+4 ,8 feel+ = ,wagn]1 on ! o!r h&1 und]w5t a complete revulsion 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s4 ,f hav+ be5 ,wagn]'s prophet he develop$ into 8 mo/ passionate oppon5t4 ,nietzs*e 0 always he>t & s\l a musician2 he ev5 tri$ 8 h& z a compos] 9 8 ,hymn to ,life 7= *orus & or*e/ra1 #ahhh71 & 8 int]c\rse ) ,wagn] left deep traces 9 8 e>lie/ writ+s4 ,b ! op]a ( ,p>sifal1 ) its t5d5cy to ,ca?olicism & its advancem5t ( ! ascetic ideals :i* _h previ\sly be5 entirely =eign to ,wagn]1 caus$ ,nietzs*e to see 9 ! great compos] a dang]1 an enemy1 a morbid ph5om5on1 s9ce ?is la/ "w %[$ him all ! e>li] op]as 9 a new light4 ,dur+ 8 resid5ce 9 ,switz]l& ,nietzs*e came to "k a l>ge circle ( int]e/+ p4 ,he suff]$1 h[ev]1 f extremely sev]e heada*es1 s frequ5t t !y incapacitat$ him = ab\t two hundr$ days 9 ! ye> & br\ght him to ! v]ge ( ! grave4 ,9 #ahgi he resign$ 8 pr(essor%ip4 ,f #ahhb to #ahhh 8 /ate ( heal? improv$1 ?\gh extremely sl[ly4 ,8 eyes 7 /ill s weak t he 0 ?reat5$ ) bl9dness4 ,he 0 compell$ to be extremely c>eful 9 8 mode ( life & to *oose 8 place ( resid5ce 9 ob$i5ce to climatic & meteorological conditions4 ,he usually sp5t ! w9t] at ,nice & ! summ] at ,sils-,m>ia 9 ! ,upp] ,engad9e4 ,! ye>s #ahhg & #ahhh 7 a/oni%+ly ri* 9 production2 !y saw ! publication ( ! mo/ rem>kable works ( widely diff]5t nature & ! prep>ation ( a :ole s]ies ( new books4 ,!n1 at ! close ( ! latt] ye>1 p]haps z ! result ( ov]/ra91 a viol5t attack ( m5tal disord] occurr$1 f :i* ,nietzs*e nev] recov]$4 ,z a ?9k] 8 />t+-po9t is ,s*op5hau]2 9 8 fir/ books he is actually 8 disciple4 ,b1 aft] sev]al ye>s ( sil5ce1 dur+ :i* he passes ?r\gh 8 fir/ intellectual crisis1 he reappe>s emancipat$ f all ties ( disciple%ip4 ,he !n und]goes s p[]ful & rapid a developm5t--less 9 8 ?\ght itself ?an 9 ! c\rage to express 8 ?\ghts--t ea* succe$+ book m>ks a fre% /age1 until by degrees he conc5trates himself ^u a s+le fundam5tal "q1 ! "q ( moral values4 ,on 8 e>lie/ appe>ance z a ?9k] he _h already ent]$ a prote/1 9 opposition to ,david ,/rauss1 aga9/ any moral int]pretation ( ! nature ( ! ,cosmos & assign$ to our morality its place 9 ! _w ( ph5om5a1 n[ z semblance or error1 n[ z artificial arrangem5t4 ,& 8 lit]>y activity rea*$ its highe/ po9t 9 an inve/igation ( ! orig9 ( ! moral concepts1 :ile x 0 8 hope & int5tion to give to ! _w an exhau/ive criticism ( moral values1 an exam9ation ( ! value ( ^! values 7reg>d$ z fix$ once = all74 ,! fir/ book ( 8 "w1 ,! ,transvaluation ( all ,values1 0 complet$ :5 8 malady decl>$ itself4 #a ,! expression 'ari/ocratic radicalism1' :i* y employ1 is v good4 ,x is1 p]mit me to say1 ! clev]e/ ?+ ,i h yet read ab\t myself1--,nietzs*e1 ,dec4 #b1 #ahhg4 ,i4 ,nietzs*e fir/ receiv$ a good deal ( notice1 ?\gh n mu* comm5dation1 = a cau/ic & juv5ile polemical pamphlet aga9/ ,david ,/rauss1 occasion$ by ! latt]'s book1 ,! ,old ,fai? & ! ,new4 ,8 attack1 irrev]5t 9 tone1 is direct$ n aga9/ ! fir/1 w>like section ( ! book1 b aga9/ ! con/ructive & complem5t>y section4 ,! attack1 h[ev]1 is less conc]n$ ) ! once great critic's la/ ef=t ?an ) ! m$iocracy 9 ,g]many1 to :i* ,/rauss's la/ ^w repres5t$ ! la/ ^w ( culture 9 g5]al4 ,a ye> & a half _h elaps$ s9ce ! close ( ! ,franco-,g]man ,w>4 ,nev] _h ! waves ( ,g]man self e/eem run s high4 ,! exultation ( victory _h pass$ into a tumultu\s self-glorification4 ,! univ]sal view 0 t ,g]man culture _h vanqui%$ ,fr5*4 ,!n ?is voice made itself he>d1 say+-- ,admitt+ t ?is 0 really a conflict betwe5 two civilisations1 !re w\ld /ill be no reason = cr[n+ ! victori\s "o2 we %\ld fir/ h to "k :at ! vanqui%$ "o 0 wor?2 if its value 0 v slight--& ?is is :at is said ( ,fr5* culture--!n !re 0 no great hon\r 9 ! victory4 ,b 9 ! next place !re c be no "q at all 9 ?is case ( a victory ( ,g]man culture2 p>tly because ,fr5* culture /ill p]si/s1 & p>tly because ! ,g]mans1 n[ z h]et(ore1 are dep5d5t on x4 ,x 0 milit>y discipl9e1 natural brav]y1 endurance1 sup]iority on ! "p ( ! lead]s & ob$i5ce on ! "p ( ! l$1 9 %ort1 factors t h no?+ to d ) culture1 :i* gave ,g]many ! victory4 ,b f9ally & above all1 ,g]man culture 0 n victori\s = ! good reason t ,g]many z yet has no?+ t c be call$ culture4 ,x 0 !n only a ye> s9ce ,nietzs*e himself _h =m$ ! greate/ expectations ( ,g]many's future1 _h look$ =w>d to h] spe$y lib]ation f ! lead+-/r+s ( ,lat9 civilisation1 & he>d ! mo/ fav\rable om5s 9 ,g]man music4#b ,! intellectual decl9e1 :i* seem$ to him--rightly1 no d\bt--to date indisputably f ! f\ndation ( ! ,empire1 n[ made him oppose a ru?less defiance to ! prevail+ popul> s5tim5t4 ,he ma9ta9s t culture %[s itself above all else 9 a unity ( arti/ic /yle runn+ ?r\gh e expression ( a nation's life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fact ( hav+ le>nt mu* & kn[+ mu* is1 z he po9ts out1 nei!r a necess>y means to culture nor a sign ( culture2 x accords rem>kably well ) b>b>ism1 t is to say1 ) want ( /yle or a motley hot*pot* ( /yles4 ,& 8 cont5tion is simply ?is1 t ) a culture consi/+ ( hot*pot* x is impossible to subdue any enemy1 above all an enemy l ! ,fr5*1 :o h long possess$ a g5u9e & productive culture1 :e!r we attribute a great] or a less] value to x4 ,he appeals to a say+ ( ,goe! to ,eck]mann3 ,we ,g]mans are ( ye/]day4 ,no d\bt 9 ! la/ hundr$ ye>s we h be5 cultivat+ ourselves q dilig5tly1 b x may take a few c5turies yet be=e our c\ntrym5 h absorb$ suffici5t intellect & high] culture = x to be said ( !m t x is a long "t s9ce !y 7 b>b>ians4 ,to ,nietzs*e1 z we see1 ! concepts ( culture & homog5e\s culture are equival5t4 ,9 ord] to be homog5e\s a culture mu/ h rea*$ a c]ta9 age & h become /rong en\gh 9 its peculi> "* to h p5etrat$ all =ms ( life4 ,homog5e\s culture1 h[ev]1 is ( c\rse n ! same ?+ z native culture4 ,anci5t ,icel& _h a homog5e\s culture1 ?\gh its fl\ri%+ 0 br\ght ab\t precisely by active int]c\rse ) ,europe2 a homog5e\s culture exi/$ 9 ,italy at ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance1 9 ,engl& 9 ! sixte5?1 9 ,france 9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 al?\gh ,italy built up h] culture ( ,greek1 ,roman & ,spani% impressions1 ,france h]s ( classical1 ,celtic1 ,spani% & ,italian elem5ts1 & al?\gh ! ,engli% are ! mix$ race beyond all o!rs4 ,true1 x is only a c5tury & a half s9ce ! ,g]mans began to lib]ate !mselves f ,fr5* culture1 & h>dly m ?an a hundr$ ye>s s9ce !y entirely escap$ f ! ,fr5*m5's s*ool1 ^: influ5ce may nev]!less be trac$ ev5 to-day3 b /ill no "o c ju/ly d5y ! exi/5ce ( a ,g]man culture1 ev5 if x is yet comp>atively "y & 9 a /ate ( gr[?4 ,nor w any "o :o has a s5se = ! agreem5t betwe5 ,g]man music & ,g]man philosophy1 an e> = ! h>mony betwe5 ,g]man music & ,g]man lyrical poetry1 an eye = ! m]its & defects ( ,g]man pa9t+ & sculpture1 :i* are ! outcome ( ! same fundam5tal t5d5cy t is reveal$ 9 ! :ole intellectual & emotional life ( ,g]many1 be dispos$ 9 advance to d5y ,g]many a homog5e\s culture4 ,m prec>i\s w be ! /ate ( su* small] c\ntries ^: dep5d5ce on =eign nations has n unfrequ5tly be5 a dep5d5ce rais$ to ! second p[]4 ,to ,nietzs*e1 h[ev]1 ?is po9t is ( relatively small importance4 ,he is conv9c$ t ! la/ h\r ( national cultures is at h&1 s9ce ! "t _c be f> (f :5 x w only be a "q ( a ,european or ,european-,am]ican culture4 ,he argues f ! fact t ! mo/ highly develop$ p 9 e c\ntry already feel z ,europeans1 z fell[-c\ntrym51 nay1 z conf$]ates1 & f ! belief t ! tw5tie? c5tury mu/ br+ ) x ! w> = ! dom9ion ( ! _w4 ,:51 !re=e1 f ! result ( ?is w> a tempe/u\s w9d sweeps ov] all national vanities1 b5d+ & break+ !m1 :at w !n be ! "q8 ,! "q w !n be1 ?9ks ,nietzs*e1 9 exact agreem5t ) ! mo/ em95t ,fr5*m5 ( our day1 :e!r by t "t x has be5 possible to tra9 or re> a sort ( ca/e ( pre-em95t spirits :o w be able to grasp ! c5tral p[]4 ,! real mis=tune is1 !re=e1 n t a c\ntry is /ill )\t a g5u9e1 homog5e\s & p]fect$ culture1 b t x ?9ks itself cultur$4 ,& ) 8 eye ^u ,g]many ,nietzs*e asks h[ x has come ab\t t s prodigi\s a contradiction c exi/ z t betwe5 ! lack ( true culture & ! self-satisfi$ belief 9 actually possess+ ! only true "o--& he f9ds ! answ] 9 ! circum/ance t a class ( m5 has come to ! front :i* no =m] c5tury has kn[n1 & to :i* 79 #ahgc7 he gave ! "n ( ,culture-,phili/9es4 ,! ,culture-,phili/9e reg>ds 8 own imp]sonal education z ! real culture2 if he has be5 told t culture presupposes a homog5e\s /amp ( m9d1 he is confirm$ 9 8 good op9ion ( himself1 s9ce ev]y:]e he meets ) educat$ p ( 8 own sort1 & s9ce s*ools1 univ]sities & academies are adapt$ to 8 requirem5ts & fa%ion$ on ! model correspond+ to 8 cultivation4 ,s9ce he f9ds almo/ ev]y:]e ! same tacit conv5tions ) respect to religion1 morality & lit]ature1 ) respect to m>riage1 ! family1 ! community & ! ,/ate1 he consid]s x demon/rat$ t ?is impos+ homog5eity is culture4 ,x nev] ent]s 8 head t ?is sy/ematic & well-organis$ phili/9ism1 :i* is set up 9 all high places & in/all$ at e editorial desk1 is n by any means made culture j because its organs are 9 conc]t4 ,x is n ev5 bad culture1 says ,nietzs*e2 x is b>b>ism =tifi$ to ! be/ ( its ability1 b entirely lack+ ! fre%ness & savage =ce ( orig9al b>b>ism2 & he has _m graphic expressions to describe ,culture-,phili/9ism z ! morass 9 :i* all we>9ess is /uck fa/1 & 9 ! poison\s mi/s ( :i* all endeav\r langui%es4 ,all ( u are n[ born into ! society ( cultur$ phili/9ism1 9 x we all gr[ up4 ,x confronts u ) prevail+ op9ions1 :i* we unconsci\sly adopt2 & ev5 :5 op9ions are divid$1 ! division is only into p>ty op9ions--public op9ions4 ,an aphorism ( ,nietzs*e's reads3 ,:at is public op9ion8 ,x is private indol5ce4 ,! dictum requires qualification4 ,!re are cases :]e public op9ion is wor? some?+3 ,john ,morley has writt5 a good book on ! subject4 ,9 ! face ( c]ta9 gross brea*es ( fai? & law1 c]ta9 mon/r\s violations ( human rights1 public op9ion may n[ & !n ass]t itself z a p[] wor?y to be foll[$4 ,o!rwise x is z a rule a factory work+ = ! b5efit ( ,culture-,phili/9ism4 ,on ent]+ life1 !n1 "y p meet ) v>i\s collective op9ions1 m or less n>r[-m9d$4 ,! m ! individual has x 9 him to become a real p]sonality1 ! m he w resi/ foll[+ a h]d4 ,b ev5 if an inn] voice says to him3 ,become ?yself6 ,be ?yself6 he he>s its appeal ) despond5cy4 ,has he a self8 ,he does n "k2 he is n yet aw>e ( x4 ,he !re=e looks ab\t = a tea*]1 an educator1 "o :o w tea* him1 n some?+ =eign1 b h[ to become 8 own individual self4 ,we _h 9 ,d5m>k a great man :o ) impressive =ce exhort$ 8 contempor>ies to become individuals4 ,b ,sr5 ,ki]kega>d's appeal 0 n int5d$ to be tak5 s unconditionally z x s\nd$4 ,= ! goal 0 fix$4 ,!y 7 to become individuals1 n 9 ord] to develop into free p]sonalities1 b 9 ord] by ?is means to become true ,*ri/ians4 ,_! fre$om 0 only app>5t2 above !m 0 susp5d$ a ,?\ %alt believe6 & a ,?\ %alt obey6 ,ev5 z individuals !y _h a halt] r\nd _! necks1 & on ! f>!r side ( ! n>r[ passage ( individualism1 ?r\gh :i* ! h]d 0 driv51 ! h]d await$ !m aga9--"o flock1 "o %eph]d4 ,x is n ) ?is idea ( imm$iately resign+ 8 p]sonality aga9 t ! "y man 9 our day desires to become himself & seeks an educator4 ,he w n h a dogma set up be=e him1 at :i* he is expect$ to arrive4 ,b he has an uneasy feel+ t he is pack$ ) dogmas4 ,h[ is he to f9d himself 9 himself1 h[ is he to dig himself out ( himself8 ,?is is :]e ! educator %\ld help him4 ,an educator c only be a lib]ator4 ,x 0 a lib]at+ educator ( ?is k9d t ,nietzs*e z a "y man look$ = & f\nd 9 ,s*op5hau]4 ,su* a "o w be f\nd by e seek] 9 ! p]sonality t has ! mo/ lib]at+ effect on him dur+ 8 p]iod ( developm5t4 ,nietzs*e says t z soon z he _h read a s+le page ( ,s*op5hau]1 he knew he w\ld read e page ( him & pay he$ to e ^w1 ev5 to ! errors he might f9d4 ,e intellectual aspirant w be able to "n m5 :om he has read 9 ?is way4 ,x is true t = ,nietzs*e1 z = any o!r aspirant1 !re rema9$ "o m /ep to be tak51 t ( lib]at+ himself f ! lib]ator4 ,we f9d 9 8 e>lie/ writ+s c]ta9 fav\rite expressions ( ,s*op5hau]'s :i* no long] appe> 9 8 lat] works4 ,b ! lib]ation is "h a tranquil developm5t to indep5d5ce1 ?r\gh\t :i* he reta9s 8 deep gratitude2 n1 z 9 8 relations ) ,wagn]1 a viol5t revulsion :i* leads him to d5y any value to ! works he _h once reg>d$ z ! mo/ valuable ( all4 ,he praises ,s*op5hau]'s l(ty hone/y1 beside :i* he c only place ,montaigne's1 8 lucidity1 8 con/ancy1 & ! purity ( 8 relations ) society1 ,/ate & ,/ate-religion1 :i* are 9 su* %>p contra/ ) ^? ( ,kant4 ,) ,s*op5hau] !re is nev] a concession1 nev] a dally+4 ,& ,nietzs*e is a/\nd$ by ! fact t ,s*op5hau] c\ld endure life 9 ,g]many at all4 ,a mod]n ,engli%man has said3 ,%elley c\ld nev] h liv$ 9 ,engl&3 a race ( ,%elleys w\ld h be5 impossible4 ,spirits ( ?is k9d are e>ly brok51 !n become melan*oly1 morbid or insane4 ,! society ( ! ,culture-,phili/9es makes life a burd5 to exceptional m54 ,examples ( ?is occur 9 pl5ty 9 ! lit]ature ( e c\ntry1 & ! trial is con/antly be+ made4 ,we ne$ only ?9k ( ! numb] ( tal5t$ m5 :o soon] or lat] make _! apologies & concessions to phili/9ism1 s z to be p]mitt$ to exi/4 ,b ev5 9 ! /ronge/ ! va9 & we>y /ruggle ) ,culture-,phili/9ism %[s itself 9 l9es & wr9kles4 ,nietzs*e quotes ! say+ ( ! old diplomati/1 :o _h only casually se5 & spok5 to ,goe!3 ,voil un homme qui a eu de gr&s *agr9s1 & ,goe!'s comm5t1 :5 repeat+ x to 8 fri5ds3 ,if ! traces ( our suff]+s & activities are indelible ev5 9 our features1 x is no wond] t all t survives ( u & our /ruggles %\ld be> ! same m>ks4 ,& ?is is ,goe!1 :o is look$ ^u z ! fav\rite ( =tune6 ,s*op5hau]1 z is well kn[n1 0 until 8 late/ ye>s a solit>y man4 ,no "o und]/ood him1 no "o read him4 ,! great] "p ( ! fir/ edition ( 8 "w1 ,die ,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung1 _h to be sold z wa/e pap]4 ,9 our day ,ta9e's view has widely ga9$ gr\nd1 t ! great man is entirely det]m9$ by ! age ^: *ild he is1 t he unconsci\sly sums x up & ought consci\sly to give x expression4#c ,b al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ! great man does n /& outside ! c\rse ( hi/ory & mu/ always dep5d ^u pr$ecessors1 an idea nev]!less always g]m9ates 9 a s+le individual or 9 a few individuals2 & ^! individuals are n scatt]$ po9ts 9 ! l[-ly+ mass1 b highly gift$ ones :o draw ! mass to !m in/ead ( be+ drawn by x4 ,:at is call$ ! _s ( ! age orig9ates 9 q a small numb] ( bra9s4 ,nietzs*e :o1 ma9ly no d\bt ?r\gh ,s*op5hau]'s influ5ce1 _h orig9ally be5 /rongly impress$ by ! dictum t ! great man is n ! *ild ( 8 age b its /ep-*ild1 dem&s t ! educator %all help ! "y to educate !mselves 9 opposition to ! age4 ,x appe>s to him t ! mod]n age has produc$ = imitation ?ree p>ticul> types ( man1 "o aft] ! o!r4 ,fir/ ,r\sseau's man2 ! ,titan :o raises himself1 oppress$ & b\nd by ! high] ca/es1 & 9 8 ne$ calls ^u holy ,nature4 ,!n ,goe!'s man2 n ,w]!r or ! revolution>y figures relat$ to him1 :o are /ill d]iv$ f ,r\sseau1 nor ! orig9al ,fau/ figure1 b ,fau/ z he gradually develops4 ,he is no lib]ator1 b a spectator1 ( ! _w4 ,he is n ! man ( action4 ,nietzs*e rem9ds u ( ,j>no's words to ,wilhelm ,mei/]3 ,y are vex$ & bitt]1 t is a v good ?+4 ,if y c\ld be ?or\ghly angry = once1 x w\ld be bett] /ill4 ,to become ?or\ghly angry 9 ord] to make ?+s bett]1 ?is1 9 ! view ( ! ,nietzs*e ( ?irty1 w be ! exhortation ( ,s*op5hau]'s man4 ,?is man volunt>ily takes ^u himself ! pa9 ( tell+ ! tru?4 ,8 fundam5tal idea is ?is3 ,a life ( happ9ess is impossible2 ! highe/ a man c atta9 to is a h]oic life1 "o 9 :i* he fights aga9/ ! greate/ difficulties = some?+ :i*1 9 "o way or ano!r1 w be = ! good ( all4 ,to :at is truly human1 only true human be+s c raise u2 ^? :o seem to h come into be+ by a leap 9 ,nature2 ?9k]s & educators1 arti/s & creators1 & ^? :o influ5ce u m by _! nature ?an by _! activity3 ! noble1 ! good 9 a gr& /yle1 ^? 9 :om ! g5ius ( good is at "w4 ,^! m5 are ! aim ( hi/ory4 ,nietzs*e =mulates ?is proposition3 ,humanity mu/ "w unceas+ly = ! production ( solit>y great m5--?is & no?+ else is its task4 ,?is is ! same =mula at :i* sev]al ari/ocratic spirits among 8 contempor>ies h arriv$4 ,?us ,r5an says1 almo/ 9 ! same words3 ,9 f9e1 ! object ( humanity is ! production ( great m5 444 no?+ b great m52 salvation w come f great m54 ,& we see f ,flaub]t's lett]s to ,george ,s& h[ conv9c$ he 0 ( ! same ?+4 ,he says1 = in/ance3 ,! only rational ?+ is & always w be a gov]nm5t ( m&>9s1 provid$ t ! m&>9s c d some?+1 or r1 c d mu*4444 ,x matt]s little :e!r a great] or small] numb] ( peasants are able to read in/ead ( li/5+ to _! prie/1 b x is inf9itely important t _m m5 l ,r5an & ,littr may live & be he>d4 ,our salvation n[ lies 9 a real ari/ocracy4#d ,bo? ,r5an & ,flaub]t w\ld h subscrib$ to ,nietzs*e's fundam5tal idea t a nation is ! r\ndab\t way ,nature goes 9 ord] to produce a doz5 great m54 ,yet1 al?\gh ! idea does n lack advocates1 ?is does n make x a dom9ant ?\ght 9 ,european philosophy4 ,9 ,g]many1 = in/ance1 ,edu>d von ,h>tmann ?9ks v diff]5tly ( ! aim--( hi/ory4 ,8 publi%$ utt]ances on ! subject are well kn[n4 ,9 conv]sation he once h9t$ h[ 8 idea _h orig9at$ 9 8 m9d3 ,x 0 cle> to me long ago1 he said1 t hi/ory1 or1 to use a wid] expression1 ! _w process1 mu/ h an aim1 & t ?is aim c\ld only be negative4 ,= a gold5 age is too fooli% a figm5t4 ,h5ce 8 visions ( a de/ruction ( ! _w volunt>ily br\ght ab\t by ! mo/ gift$ m54 ,& connect$ ) ?is is 8 doctr9e t humanity has n[ rea*$ man's e/ate1 t is1 has pass$ ! /age ( developm5t 9 :i* g5iuses 7 necess>y4 ,9 ! face ( all ?is talk ( ! _w process1 ! aim ( :i* is annihilation or deliv]ance--deliv]ance ev5 ( ! suff]+ godhead f exi/5ce--,nietzs*e takes a v sob] & s5sible /& ) 8 simple belief t ! goal ( humanity is n to be inf9itely def]r$1 b mu/ be f\nd 9 ! highe/ examples ( humanity itself4 ,& h]e) he has arriv$ at 8 f9al answ] to ! "q1 ,:at is culture8 ,= ^u ?is relation dep5d ! fundam5tal idea ( culture & ! duties culture imposes4 ,x imposes on me ! duty ( associat+ myself by my own activity ) ! great human ideals4 ,its fundam5tal idea is ?is3 x assigns to e individual :o wi%es to "w = x & p>ticipate 9 x1 ! task ( /riv+ to produce1 )9 & )\t himself1 ! ?9k] & arti/1 ! lov] ( tru? & beauty1 ! pure & good p]sonality1 & !reby /riv+ = ! p]fection ( ,nature1 t[>ds ! goal ( a p]fect$ ,nature4 ,:5 does a /ate ( culture prevail8 ,:5 ! m5 ( a community are /eadily work+ = ! production ( s+le great m54 ,f ?is highe/ aim all ! o!rs foll[4 ,& :at /ate is f>!/ remov$ f a /ate ( culture8 ,t 9 :i* m5 en]getically & ) unit$ =ces resi/ ! appe>ance ( great m51 p>tly by prev5t+ ! cultivation ( ! soil requir$ = ! gr[? ( g5ius1 p>tly by ob/9ately oppos+ ev]y?+ 9 ! %ape ( g5ius t appe>s among/ !m4 ,su* a /ate is m remote f culture ?an t ( %e] b>b>ism4 ,b does su* a /ate exi/8 p]haps "s "o w ask4 ,mo/ ( ! small] nations w be able to read ! answ] 9 ! hi/ory ( _! native l&4 ,x w !re be se51 9 proportion z ref9em5t gr[s1 t ! ref9$ atmosph]e is diffus$1 :i* is unfav\rable to g5ius4 ,& ?is is all ! m s]i\s1 s9ce _m p ?9k t 9 mod]n times & 9 ! races :i* n[ %>e ! dom9ion ( ! _w among !m1 a political community ( only a few millions is seldom suffici5tly num]\s to produce m9ds ( ! v fir/ ord]4 ,x looks z if g5iuses c\ld only be di/ill$ f "s ?irty or =ty millions ( p4 ,norway ) ,ibs51 ,belgium ) ,maet]l9ck & ,v]ha]5 are exceptions4 ,all ! m reason is !re = ! small] communities to "w at culture to _! utmo/ capacity4 ,9 rec5t times we h become famili> ) ! ?\ght t ! goal to be aim$ at is happ9ess1 ! happ9ess ( all1 or at any rate ( ! greate/ numb]4 ,:]e9 happ9ess consi/s is less frequ5tly discuss$1 & yet x is impossible to avoid ! "q1 :e!r a ye>1 a day1 an h\r 9 ,p>adise does n br+ m happ9ess ?an a lifetime 9 ! *imney-corn]4 ,b be t z x may3 ow+ to our famili>ity ) ! notion ( mak+ sacrifices = a :ole c\ntry1 a multitude ( p1 x appe>s unreasonable t a man %\ld exi/ = ! sake ( a few o!r m51 t x %\ld be 8 duty to devote 8 life to !m 9 ord] !reby to promote culture4 ,b nev]!less ! answ] to ! "q ( culture--h[ ! individual human life may acquire its highe/ value & its greate/ significance--mu/ be3 ,by be+ liv$ = ! b5efit ( ! r>e/ & mo/ valuable examples ( ! human race4 ,?is w also be ! way 9 :i* ! individual c be/ imp>t a value to ! life ( ! greate/ numb]4 ,9 our day a s-call$ cultural in/itution means an organisation 9 virtue ( :i* ! cultur$ advance 9 s]ri$ ranks & ?ru/ aside all solit>y & ob/9ate m5 ^: ef=ts are direct$ to high] ends2 !re=e ev5 ! le>n$ are z a rule lack+ 9 any s5se = budd+ g5ius & any feel+ = ! value ( /ruggl+ contempor>y g5ius4 ,!re=e1 9 spite ( ! indisputable & re/less progress 9 all te*nical & specialis$ dep>tm5ts1 ! conditions necess>y to ! appe>ance ( great m5 are s f> f hav+ improv$1 t dislike ( g5ius has r increas$ ?an dim9i%$4 ,f ! ,/ate ! exceptional individual _c expect mu*4 ,he is seldom b5efit$ by be+ tak5 into its s]vice2 ! only c]ta9 advantage x c give him is complete indep5d5ce4 ,only real culture w prev5t 8 be+ too e>ly tir$ out or us$ up1 & w sp>e him ! exhau/+ /ruggle aga9/ ,culture-,phili/9ism4 ,nietzs*e's value lies 9 8 be+ "o ( ^! vehicles ( culture3 a m9d :i*1 itself indep5d5t1 diffuses indep5d5ce & may become to o!rs a lib]at+ =ce1 su* z ,s*op5hau] 0 to ,nietzs*e himself 9 8 y\ng] days4 #b ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 p4 #aej ff4 7,engli% edition74 #c ,! au?or ( ^! l9es has n made himself ! advocate ( ?is view1 z has sometimes be5 publicly /at$1 b on ! contr>y has oppos$ x4 ,aft] "s unc]ta9ty ,i pron\nc$ aga9/ x z e>ly z #ahgj1 9 ,d5 franske /hetik i vore ,dage1 pp4 #aje1 #ajf1 & aft]w>ds 9 _m o!r places4 #d ,nietzs*e2 ,?\ghts out ( ,season1 ,,ii41 p4 #aee f4 7,engli% edition74 ,r5an3 ,dialogues et ,fragm5ts ,philosophiques1 p4 #ajc4 ,flaub]t3 ,lettres ,george ,s&1 p4 #aci ff4 #b4 ,f\r ( ,nietzs*e's e>ly works be> ! collective title1 ,?\ghts out ( ,season 7,unzeitgemsse ,betra*tung571 a title :i* is significant ( 8 e>ly-=m$ det]m9ation to g aga9/ ! /ream4 ,"o ( ! fields 9 :i* he oppos$ ! _s ( ! age 9 ,g]many is t ( education1 s9ce he condemns 9 ! mo/ uncompromis+ fa%ion ! entire hi/orical sy/em ( education ( :i* ,g]many is pr\d1 & :i* z a rule is ev]y:]e reg>d$ z desirable4 ,8 view is t :at keeps ! race f brea?+ freely & will+ boldly is t x drags f> too mu* ( its pa/ ab\t ) x1 l a r\nd-%ot *a9$ to a convict's leg4 ,he ?9ks x is hi/orical education t fett]s ! race bo? 9 enjoym5t & 9 action1 s9ce he :o _c conc5trate himself on ! mom5t & live entirely 9 x1 c nei!r feel happ9ess himself nor d any?+ to make o!rs happy4 ,)\t ! p[] ( feel+ unhi/orically1 !re is no happ9ess4 ,& 9 ! same way1 =getfulness1 or r1 non-k ( ! pa/ is ess5tial to all action4 ,=getfulness1 ! unhi/orical1 is z x 7 ! envelop+ air1 ! atmosph]e1 9 :i* alone life c come into be+4 ,9 ord] to und]/& x1 let u imag9e a y\? :o is seiz$ ) a passion = a woman1 or a man :o is sway$ by a passion = 8 "w4 ,9 bo? cases :at lies beh9d !m has ceas$ to exi/--& yet ?is /ate 7! mo/ unhi/orical t c be imag9$7 is t 9 :i* e action1 e great de$ is conceiv$ & accompli%$4 ,n[ answ]+ to ?is1 says ,nietzs*e1 !re exi/s a c]ta9 degree ( hi/orical k :i* is de/ructive ( a man's en]gy & fatal to ! productive p[]s ( a nation4 ,9 ?is reason+ we c he> ! voice ( ! le>n$ ,g]man philologi/1 ^: obs]vations h mo/ly be5 drawn f ,g]man s*ol>s & arti/s4 ,= x w\ld be unreasonable to suppose t ! comm]cial or peasant class1 ! soldi]s or manufactur]s ( ,g]many suff]$ f an excess ( hi/orical culture4 ,b ev5 9 ! case ( ,g]man savants1 au?ors & arti/s ! evil "h po9t$ out may be ( su* a nature z n to admit ( rem$y by simply aboli%+ hi/orical education4 ,^? m5 ^: productive impulse has be5 *eck$ or kill$ by hi/orical /udies 7 already s impot5t & ineffective t ! _w w\ld n h be5 enri*$ by _! productions4 ,& moreov]1 :at p>alyses is n s mu* ! het]og5e\s mass ( dead hi/orical le>n+ 7ab\t ! actions ( gov]nm5ts1 political *ess-moves1 milit>y a*ievem5ts1 arti/ic /yles1 etc471 z ! k ( c]ta9 great m9ds ( ! pa/1 by ! side ( ^: production any?+ t c be %[n by a man n[ liv+ appe>s s insignificant z to make x a matt] ( indiff]5ce :e!r 8 "w sees ! light or n4 ,goe! alone is en\gh to r$uce a "y ,g]man poet to despair4 ,b a h]o-wor%ipp] l ,nietzs*e _c consi/5tly desire to curtail our k ( ! greate/4 ,! want ( arti/ic c\rage & intellectual boldness has c]ta9ly deep]-ly+ causes2 above all1 ! dis9tegration ( ! individuality :i* ! mod]n ord] ( society involves4 ,/rong m5 c c>ry a heavy load ( hi/ory )\t becom+ incapacitat$ = liv+4 ,b :at is int]e/+ & significant ( ,nietzs*e's :ole intellectual /&po9t is 8 inquiry z to h[ f> life is able to make use ( hi/ory4 ,hi/ory1 9 8 view1 belongs to him :o is fight+ a great fight1 & :o ne$s examples1 tea*]s & com=t]s1 b _c f9d !m among 8 contempor>ies4 ,)\t hi/ory ! m\nta9 *a9 ( great m5's great mom5ts1 :i* runs ?r\gh mill5iums1 c\ld n /& cle>ly & vividly be=e me4 ,:5 "o sees1 t x only took ab\t a hundr$ m5 to br+ 9 ! culture ( ! ,r5aissance2 x may easily be suppos$1 = example1 t a hundr$ productive m9ds1 tra9$ 9 a new /yle1 w\ld be en\gh to make an end ( ,culture-,phili/9ism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 hi/ory may h p]nici\s effects 9 ! h&s ( unproductive m54 ,?us "y arti/s are driv5 into gall]ies in/ead ( out into nature1 & are s5t1 ) m9ds /ill un=m$1 to c5tres ( art1 :]e !y lose c\rage4 ,& 9 all its =ms hi/ory may r5d] m5 unfit = life2 9 its monum5tal =m by evok+ ! illusion t !re are su* ?+s z fix$1 recurr+ hi/orical conjunctions1 s t :at has once be5 possible is n[1 9 entirely alt]$ conditions1 possible aga92 9 its antiqu>ian =m by awak5+ a feel+ ( piety = anci5t1 bygone ?+s1 :i* p>alyses ! man ( action1 :o mu/ always outrage "s piety or o!r2 f9ally 9 its critical =m by giv+ rise to ! depress+ feel+ t ! v errors ( ! pa/1 :i* we are /riv+ to ov]come1 are inh]it$ 9 our blood & impress$ on our *ildhood1 s t we live 9 a cont9ual inn] conflict betwe5 an old & a new nature4 ,on ?is po9t1 z on o!rs already allud$ to1 ,nietzs*e's qu>rel is ultimately ) ! brok5-w9d$ education ( ! pres5t day4 ,t education & hi/orical education h 9 our "t almo/ become synonym\s t]ms1 is to him a m\rnful sign4 ,x has be5 irretrievably =gott5 t culture ought to be :at x 0 ) ! ,greeks3 a motive1 a prompt+ to resolution2 n[adays culture is commonly describ$ z inw>dness1 because x is a dead int]nal lump1 :i* does n /ir its possessor4 ,! mo/ educat$ p are walk+ encyclopdias4 ,:5 !y act1 !y d s 9 virtue ( a univ]sally approv$1 mis]able conv5tion1 or else f simple b>b>ism4 ,) ?is reflection1 no d\bt ( g5]al application1 is connect$ a compla9t :i* 0 b\nd to be evok$ by mod]n lit]>y ,g]many 9 p>ticul>2 ! compla9t ( ! oppressive effect ( ! greatness ( =m] times1 z %[n 9 ! latt]-day man's conviction t he is a latecom]1 an aft]-bir? ( a great] age1 :o may inde$ tea* himself hi/ory1 b c nev] produce x4 ,ev5 philosophy1 ,nietzs*e compla9s1 ) a side-glance at ! ,g]man univ]sities1 has be5 m & m trans=m$ into ! hi/ory ( philosophy1 a tea*+ ( :at ev]ybody has ?\ght ab\t ev]y?+2 a sort ( h>mless gossip betwe5 academic grey-be>ds & academic suckl+s4 ,x is boa/$ z a po9t ( hon\r t fre$om ( ?\ght exi/s 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,9 reality x is only a poor sort ( fre$om4 ,"o may ?9k 9 a hundr$ ways1 b "o may only act 9 "o way--& t is ! way t is call$ culture & is 9 reality only a =m1 & :at is m a bad =m1 a uni=m4 ,nietzs*e attacks ! view :i* reg>ds ! hi/orically cultur$ p]son z ! ju/e/ ( all4 ,we hon\r ! hi/orian :o aims at pure k1 f :i* no?+ foll[s4 ,b !re are _m trivial tru?s1 & x is a mis=tune t :ole battalions ( inquir]s %\ld fl+ !mselves ^u !m1 ev5 if ^! n>r[ m9ds belong to hone/ m54 ,! hi/orian is look$ ^u z objective :5 he measures ! pa/ by ! popul> op9ions ( 8 own "t1 z subjective :5 he does n take ^! op9ions = models4 ,t man is ?\ght be/ fitt$ to depict a p]iod ( ! pa/1 :o is n 9 ! lea/ affect$ by t p]iod4 ,b only he :o has a %>e 9 build+ up ! future c grasp :at ! pa/ has be51 & only :5 trans=m$ into a "w ( art c hi/ory ar\se or ev5 su/a9 in/9cts4 ,z hi/orical education is n[ conduct$1 ! mass ( impressions communicat$ is s great z to produce numbness1 a feel+ ( be+ born old ( an old /ock--al?\gh less ?an ?irty human lives1 reckon$ at sev5ty ye>s ea*1 divide u f ! beg9n+ ( our era4 ,& ) ?is is connect$ ! imm5se sup]/ition ( ! value & significance ( univ]sal hi/ory4 ,s*ill]'s phrase is ev]la/+ly repeat$3 ,! hi/ory ( ! _w is ! tribunal ( ! _w1 z ?\gh !re c\ld be any o!r hi/orical tribunal ?an ?\ght2 & ! ,hegelian view ( hi/ory z ! ev]-cle>] self-revelation ( ! godhead has ob/9ately held its own1 only t x has gradually pass$ into %e] admiration ( success1 an approval ( any & e fact1 be x nev] s brutal4 ,b greatness has no?+ to d ) results or ) success4 ,demo/h5es1 :o spoke 9 va91 is great] ?an ,philip1 :o 0 always victori\s4 ,ev]y?+ 9 our day is ?\ght to be 9 ord]1 if only x be an accompli%$ fact2 ev5 :5 a man ( g5ius dies 9 ! fulness ( 8 p[]s1 pro(s are =?com+ t he di$ at ! "r "t4 ,& ! fragm5t ( hi/ory we possess is entitl$ ! _w process2 m5 cudgel _! bra9s1 l ,edu>d von ,h>tmann1 9 try+ to f9d out its orig9 & f9al goal--:i* seems to be a wa/e ( "t4 ,:y y exi/1 says ,nietzs*e ) ,sr5 ,ki]kega>d1 nobody 9 ! _w c tell y 9 advance2 b s9ce y d exi/1 try to give y\r exi/5ce a mean+ by sett+ up = y\rself z l(ty & noble a goal z y c4 ,significant ( ,nietzs*e's ari/ocratic t5d5cy1 s m>k$ lat]1 is 8 ang] ) ! def]5ce paid by mod]n hi/orians to ! masses4 ,=m]ly1 he argues1 hi/ory 0 writt5 f ! /&po9t ( ! rul]s2 x 0 occupi$ exclusively ) !m1 h[ev] m$iocre or bad !y might be4 ,n[ x has cross$ ov] to ! /&po9t ( ! masses4 ,b ! masses--!y are only to be reg>d$ z "o ( ?ree ?+s3 ei!r z copies ( great p]sonalities1 bad copies1 clumsily produc$ 9 a poor mat]ial1 or z foils to ! great1 or f9ally z _! tools4 ,o!rwise !y are matt] = /ati/icians to deal )1 :o f9d s-call$ hi/orical laws 9 ! in/9cts ( ! masses--ap+1 laz9ess1 hung] & sexual impulse4 ,:at has set ! mass 9 motion = any l5g? ( "t is !n call$ great4 ,x is giv5 ! "n ( a hi/orical p[]4 ,:51 = example1 ! vulg> mob has appropriat$ or adapt$ to its ne$s "s religi\s idea1 has def5d$ x /ubbornly & dragg$ x along = c5turies1 !n ! orig9ator ( t idea is call$ great4 ,!re is ! te/imony ( ?\s&s ( ye>s = x1 we are told4 ,b--?is is ,nietzs*e's & ,ki]kega>d's idea--! noble/ & highe/ does n affect ! masses at all1 ei!r at ! mom5t or lat]4 ,!re=e ! hi/orical success ( a religion1 its t\ghness & p]si/5ce1 witness aga9/ its f\nd]'s greatness r ?an = x4 ,:5 an in/ance is requir$ ( "o ( ! few ent]prises 9 hi/ory t h be5 completely successful1 ! ,re=mation is commonly *os54 ,aga9/ ! significance ( ?is success ,nietzs*e does n urge ! facts usually quot$3 its e>ly secul>isation by ,lu!r2 8 compromises ) ^? 9 p[]2 ! int]e/ ( pr9ces 9 emancipat+ !mselves f ! ma/]y ( ! ,*ur* & lay+ h&s on its e/ates1 :ile at ! same "t secur+ a submissive & dep5d5t cl]gy in/ead ( "o indep5d5t ( ! ,/ate4 ,he sees ! *ief cause ( ! success ( ! ,re=mation 9 ! uncultur$ /ate ( ! nations ( nor!rn ,europe4 ,_m attempts at f\nd+ new ,greek religions came to naught 9 antiquity4 ,al?\gh m5 l ,py?agoras1 ,plato1 p]haps ,emp$ocles1 _h qualifications z f\nd]s ( religions1 ! individuals !y _h to deal ) 7 f> too div]sifi$ 9 _! nature to be help$ by a common doctr9e ( fai? & hope4 ,9 contra/ ) ?is1 ! success ( ,lu!r's ,re=mation 9 ! ,nor? 0 an indication t nor!rn culture 0 beh9d t ( s\!rn ,europe4 ,! p ei!r bl9dly obey$ a wat*word f above1 l a flock ( %eep2 or1 :]e conv]sion 0 a matt] ( consci5ce1 x reveal$ h[ little individuality !re 0 among a population :i* 0 f\nd to be s homog5e\s 9 its spiritual ne$s4 ,9 ! same way1 too1 ! orig9al conv]sion ( pagan antiquity 0 only successful on acc\nt ( ! abundant int]mixture ( b>b>ian ) ,roman blood :i* _h tak5 place4 ,! new doctr9e 0 =c$ ^u ! ma/]s ( ! _w by b>b>ians & slaves4 ,! read] n[ has examples ( ! argum5ts ,nietzs*e employs 9 support ( 8 proposition t hi/ory is n s s\nd & /r5g!n+ an educational factor z is ?\ght3 only he :o has le>nt to "k life & is equipp$ = action has use = hi/ory & is capable ( apply+ x2 o!rs are oppress$ by x & r5d]$ unproductive by be+ made to feel !mselves late-com]s1 or are induc$ to wor%ip success 9 e field4 ,nietzs*e's contribution to ?is "q is a plea aga9/ e sort ( hi/orical optimism2 b he en]getically repudiates ! ord9>y pessimism1 :i* is ! result ( deg5]ate or enfeebl$ in/9cts--( decad5ce4 ,he prea*es ) y\?ful en?usiasm ! triumph ( a tragic culture1 introduc$ by an intrepid ris+ g5]ation1 9 :i* ! _s ( anci5t ,greece might be born aga94 ,he rejects ! pessimism ( ,s*op5hau]1 = he already abhors all r5unciation2 b he seeks a pessimism ( heal?9ess1 "o d]iv$ f /r5g?1 f exub]ant p[]1 & he believes he has f\nd x 9 ! ,greeks4 ,he has develop$ ?is view 9 ! le>n$ & pr(\nd "w ( 8 y\?1 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 or ,hell5ism & ,pessimism1 9 :i* he introduc$ two new t]ms1 ,apollonian & ,dionysian4 ,! two ,greek deities ( art1 ,apollo & ,dionysus1 d5ote ! anti!sis betwe5 pla/ic art & music4 ,! =m] corresponds to dream+1 ! latt] to drunk5ness4 ,9 dreams ! =ms ( ! gods fir/ appe>$ to m52 dreams are ! _w ( beaute\s appe>ance4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we look d[n into man's l[e/ dep?s1 bel[ ! sph]es ( ?\ght & imag9ation1 we come ^u a _w ( t]ror & rapture1 ! realm ( ,dionysus4 ,above reign beauty1 measure & proportion2 b und]nea? ! pr(usion ( ,nature surges freely 9 pleasure & pa94 ,reg>d$ f ,nietzs*e's lat] /&po9t1 ! deep] motive ( ?is se>*+ absorption 9 ,hell5ic antiquity becomes app>5t4 ,ev5 at ?is e>ly /age he suspects1 9 :at passes = morality1 a disp>ag+ pr9ciple direct$ aga9/ ,nature2 he looks = its ess5tial anti!sis1 & f9ds x 9 ! purely arti/ic pr9ciple1 f>!/ remov$ f ,*ri/ianity1 :i* he calls ,dionysian4 ,our au?or's ma9 psy*ological features are n[ cle>ly app>5t4 ,:at k9d ( a nature is x t c>ries ?is savage hatr$ ( phili/9ism ev5 z f> z to ,david ,/rauss8 ,an arti/'s nature1 obvi\sly4 ,:at k9d ( a writ] is x :o w>ns u ) su* firm conviction aga9/ ! dang]s ( hi/orical culture8 ,a philologi/ obvi\sly1 :o has exp]i5c$ !m 9 himself1 has felt himself ?reat5$ ) becom+ a m]e aft]ma? & tempt$ to wor%ip hi/orical success4 ,:at k9d ( a nature is x t s passionately def9es culture z ! wor%ip ( g5ius8 ,c]ta9ly no ,eck]mann-nature1 b an en?usia/1 will+ at ! outset to obey :]e he _c comm&1 b quick to recognise 8 own ma/]ful bias1 & to see t humanity is f> f hav+ outgr[n ! anci5t anti!tical relation ( comm&+ & obey+4 ,! appe>ance ( ,napoleon is to him1 z to _m o!rs1 a pro( ( ?is2 9 ! joy t ?rill$ ?\s&s1 :5 at la/ !y saw "o :o knew h[ to comm&4 ,b 9 ! sph]e ( e?ics he is n dispos$ to prea* ob$i5ce4 ,on ! contr>y1 con/itut$ z he is1 he sees ! apa?y & meanness ( our mod]n morality 9 ! fact t x /ill upholds ob$i5ce z ! highe/ moral comm&m5t1 in/ead ( ! p[] ( dictat+ to "o's self "o's own morality4 ,8 milit>y s*ool+ & p>ticipation 9 ! w> ( #ahgj-ga probably l$ to 8 discov]y ( a h>d & manly quality 9 himself1 & imbu$ him ) an extreme abhorr5ce ( all s(tness & effem9acy4 ,he turn$ aside ) disgu/ f ! morality ( pity 9 ,s*op5hau]'s philosophy & f ! romantic-ca?olic elem5t 9 ,wagn]'s music1 to bo? ( :i* he _h previ\sly paid homage4 ,he saw t he _h trans=m$ bo? ma/]s accord+ to 8 own ne$s1 & he und]/ood q well ! in/9ct ( self pres]vation t 0 "h at "w4 ,! aspir+ m9d creates ! help]s x requires4 ,?us he aft]w>ds d$icat$ 8 book1 ,human1 all-too-,human1 :i* 0 publi%$ on ,voltaire's c5t5>y1 to ! free spirits among 8 contempor>ies2 8 dreams creat$ ! associates t he _h n yet f\nd 9 ! fle%4 ,! sev]e & pa9ful illness1 :i* began 9 8 ?irty-second ye> & long made him a recluse1 deta*$ him f all romanticism & fre$ 8 he>t f all bonds ( piety4 ,x c>ri$ him f> away f pessimism1 9 virtue ( 8 pr\d ?\ght t a suff]] has no "r to pessimism4 ,?is illness made a philosoph] ( him 9 a /rict s5se4 ,8 ?\ghts /ole inquisitively along =bidd5 pa?s3 ,?is ?+ passes = a value4 ,c we n turn x upside-d[n8 ,?is is reg>d$ z good4 ,is x n r evil8--,is n ,god refut$8 ,b c we say z mu* ( ! devil8--,are we n deceiv$8 & deceiv$ deceiv]s1 all ( u8444 ,& !n out ( ?is long sickl9ess arises a passionate desire = heal?1 ! joy ( ! convalesc5t 9 life1 9 light1 9 w>m?1 9 fre$om & ease ( m9d1 9 ! range & horizon ( ?\ght1 9 visions ( new dawns1 9 creative capacity1 9 poetical /r5g?4 ,& he ent]s ^u ! l(ty self-confid5ce & ec/asy ( a long un9t]rupt$ production4 #c4 ,x is nei!r possible nor necess>y to review "h ! long s]ies ( 8 writ+s4 ,9 call+ att5tion to an au?or :o is /ill unread1 "o ne$ only ?r[ 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic ?\ghts & expressions into relief1 s t ! read] ) little tr\ble may =m an idea ( 8 way ( ?9k+ & quality ( m9d4 ,! task is "h r5d]$ difficult by ,nietzs*e's ?9k+ 9 aphorisms1 & facilitat$ by 8 habit ( emphasis+ e ?\ght 9 su* a way z to give x a />tl+ appe>ance4 ,engli% utilit>ianism has met ) little acceptance 9 ,g]many2 among m em95t contempor>y ?9k]s ,eug5 ,dhr+ is its *ief advocate2 ,fri$ri* ,pauls5 also sides ) ! ,engli%m54 ,edu>d von ,h>tmann has attempt$ to demon/rate ! impossibility ( simultane\sly promot+ culture & happ9ess4 ,nietzs*e f9ds new difficulties 9 an analysis ( ! concept ( happ9ess4 ,! object ( utilit>ianism is to procure humanity z mu* pleasure & z little ( ! rev]se z possible4 ,b :at if pleasure & pa9 are s int]tw9$ t he :o wants all ! pleasure he c get mu/ take a correspond+ am\nt ( suff]+ into ! b>ga98 ,clr*5's song conta9s ! words3 ,himmelho* jau*z5d1 zum ,tode betrbt ,:o kn[s :e!r ! latt] is n ! condition ( ! =m]8 ,! ,/oics believ$ ?is1 &1 wi%+ to avoid pa91 ask$ ( life ! m9imum ( pleasure4 ,probably x is equally unwise 9 our day to promise m5 int5se joys1 if !y are to be insur$ aga9/ great suff]+s4 ,we see t ,nietzs*e transf]s ! "q to ! highe/ spiritual plane1 )\t reg>d to ! fact t ! l[e/ & commone/ mis=tunes1 su* z hung]1 physical exhau/ion1 excessive & unheal?y lab\r1 yield no comp5sation 9 viol5t joys4 ,ev5 if all pleasure be de>ly b\ght1 x does n foll[ t all pa9 is int]rupt$ & c\nt]balanc$ by int5se enjoym5t4 ,9 accordance ) 8 ari/ocratic bias he !n attacks ,b5?am's proposition3 ! greate/ possible happ9ess ( ! greate/ possible numb]4 ,! ideal 01 ( c\rse1 to procure happ9ess = ev]ybody2 z ?is c\ld n be done1 ! =mula took ! above %ape4 ,b :y happ9ess = ! greate/ numb]8 ,we might imag9e x = ! be/1 ! noble/1 ! mo/ gift$2 & we may be p]mitt$ to ask :e!r mod]ate prosp]ity & mod]ate well-be+ are pref]able to ! inequality ( lot :i* acts z a goad1 =c+ culture ev] upw>d4 ,!n !re is ! doctr9e ( unselfi%ness4 ,to be moral is to be unselfi%4 ,x is good to be s1 we are told4 ,b :at does t mean--good8 ,good = :om8 ,n = ! self-sacrific]1 b = 8 neighb\r4 ,he :o praises ! virtue ( unselfi%ness1 praises some?+ t is good = ! community b h>mful to ! individual4 ,& ! neighb\r :o wants to be lov$ unselfi%ly is n himself unselfi%4 ,! fundam5tal contradiction 9 ?is morality is t x dem&s & comm5ds a r5unciation ( ! ego1 = ! b5efit ( ano!r ego4 ,at ! outset ! ess5tial & invaluable elem5t ( all morality is1 9 ,nietzs*e's view1 simply ?is1 t x is a prolong$ con/ra9t4 ,z language ga9s 9 /r5g? & fre$om by ! con/ra9t ( v]se1 & z all ! fre$om & delicacy to be f\nd 9 pla/ic art1 music & danc+ is ! result ( arbitr>y laws1 s also does human nature only atta9 its developm5t "u con/ra9t4 ,no viol5ce is !reby done to ,nature2 ?is is ! v nature ( ?+s4 ,! ess5tial po9t is t !re %\ld be ob$i5ce1 = a long "t & 9 ! same direction4 ,?\ %alt obey1 "s "o or some?+1 & = a long "t--o!rwise ?\ wilt come to grief2 ?is seems to be ! moral imp]ative ( ,nature1 :i* is c]ta9ly nei!r categorical 7z ,kant ?\ght71 nor address$ to ! individual 7,nature does n tr\ble ab\t ! individual71 b seems to be address$ to nations1 classes1 p]iods1 races--9 fact1 to mank9d4 ,on ! o!r h&1 all ! morality t is address$ to ! individual = 8 own good1 = ! sake ( 8 own welf>e1 is r$uc$ 9 ?is view to m]e h\sehold rem$ies & c\nsels ( prud5ce1 recipes = curb+ passions t might want to break out2 & all ?is morality is prepo/]\s 9 =m1 because x addresses itself to all & g5]alises :at does n admit ( g5]alisation4 ,kant gave u a guid+ rule ) 8 categorical imp]ative4 ,b ?is rule has fail$ u4 ,x is ( no use say+ to u3 ,act z o!rs ought to act 9 ?is case4 ,= we "k t !re are n & _c be su* ?+s z id5tical actions1 b t e action is unique 9 its nature1 s t any precept c only apply to ! r\gh outside ( actions4 ,b :at ( ! voice & judgm5t ( consci5ce8 ,! difficulty is t we h a consci5ce beh9d our consci5ce1 an intellectual "o beh9d ! moral4 ,we c tell t ! judgm5t ( ,s-&-,s's consci5ce has a pa/ hi/ory 9 8 in/9cts1 8 orig9al sympa?ies or antipa?ies1 8 exp]i5ce or want ( exp]i5ce4 ,we c see q well t our op9ions ( :at is noble & good1 our moral valuations1 are p[]ful lev]s :]e action is conc]n$2 b we mu/ beg9 by ref9+ ^! op9ions & indep5d5tly creat+ = ourselves new tables ( values4 ,& z reg>ds ! e?ical tea*]s' prea*+ ( morality = all1 ?is is e bit z empty z ! gossip ( individual society p ab\t ea* o!r's morals4 ,nietzs*e gives ! morali/s ?is good advice3 t1 in/ead ( try+ to educate ! human race1 !y %\ld imitate ! p$agogues ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 :o conc5trat$ _! ef=ts on ! education ( a s+le p]son4 ,b z a rule ! moral rant]s are !mselves q un$ucat$ p]sons1 & _! *ildr5 seldom rise above moral m$iocrity4 ,he :o feels t 9 8 inmo/ be+ he _c be comp>$ ) o!rs1 w be 8 own lawgiv]4 ,= "o ?+ is ne$ful3 to give /yle to "o's "*4 ,?is art is practis$ by him :o1 ) an eye = ! /rong & weak sides ( 8 nature1 removes f x "o quality & ano!r1 & !n by daily practice & acquir$ habit replaces !m by o!rs :i* become second nature to him2 9 o!r words1 he puts himself "u re/ra9t 9 ord] by degrees to b5d 8 nature entirely to 8 own law4 ,only ?us does a man arrive at satisfaction ) himself1 & only ?us does he become endurable to o!rs4 ,= ! dissatisfi$ & ! unsuccessful z a rule av5ge !mselves on o!rs4 ,!y absorb poison f ev]y?+1 f _! own incompet5ce z well z f _! poor circum/ances1 & !y live 9 a con/ant crav+ = rev5ge on ^? 9 ^: nature !y suspect h>mony4 ,su* p ev] h virtu\s precepts on _! lips2 ! :ole j+le ( morality1 s]i\sness1 *a/ity1 ! claims ( life2 & _! he>ts ev] bum ) envy ( ^? :o h become well balanc$ & c !re=e enjoy life4 ,= mill5niums morality meant ob$i5ce to cu/om1 respect = inh]it$ usage4 ,! free1 exceptional man 0 immoral1 because he broke ) ! tradition :i* ! o!rs reg>d$ ) sup]/iti\s fe>4 ,v commonly he took ! same view & 0 himself seiz$ by ! t]ror he inspir$4 ,?us a popul> morality ( cu/om 0 unconsci\sly elaborat$ by all :o belong$ to ! tribe2 s9ce fre% examples & pro(s c\ld always be f\nd ( ! alleg$ relation betwe5 guilt & puni%m5t--if y behave 9 su* & su* a way1 x w g badly ) y4 ,n[1 z x g5]ally does g badly1 ! allegation 0 con/antly confirm$2 & ?us popul> morality1 a pseudosci5ce on a level ) popul> m$ic9e1 cont9ually ga9$ gr\nd4 ,mann]s & cu/oms repres5t$ ! exp]i5ces ( bygone g5]ations conc]n+ :at 0 suppos$ to be useful or h>mful2 ! s5se ( morality1 h[ev]1 does n atta* to ^! exp]i5ces z su*1 b only to _! age1 _! v5]ability & consequ5t inconte/ability4 ,9 ! /ate ( w> 9 :i* a tribe exi/$ 9 old times1 ?reat5$ on e side1 !re 0 no great] gratification1 "u ! sway ( ! /ricte/ morality ( cu/om1 ?an cruelty4 ,cruelty is "o ( ! olde/ fe/al & triumphal joys ( mank9d4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ! gods1 too1 might be gratifi$ & fe/ively dispos$ by (f]+ !m ! sight ( cruelties--& ?us ! idea ins9uat$ itself into ! _w t volunt>y self-torture1 mortification & ab/95ce are also ( great value1 n z discipl9e1 b z a sweet sav\r unto ! ,"l4 ,*ri/ianity z a religion ( ! pa/ unceas+ly practis$ & prea*$ ! torture ( s\ls4 ,imag9e ! /ate ( ! m$ival ,*ri/ian1 :5 he suppos$ he c\ld no long] escape et]nal torm5t4 ,eros & ,aphrodite 7 9 8 imag9ation p[]s ( hell1 & dea? 0 a t]ror4 ,to ! morality ( cruelty has succe$$ t ( pity4 ,! morality ( pity is laud$ z unselfi%1 by ,s*op5hau] 9 p>ticul>4 ,edu>d von ,h>tmann1 9 8 ?\ghtful "w1 ,phnom5ologie des sittli*5 ,bewus/se9s 7pp4 #bag-bdj71 has already %[n ! impossibility ( reg>d+ pity z ! mo/ important ( moral inc5tives1 to say no?+ ( its be+ ! only "o1 z ,s*op5hau] w\ld h x4 ,nietzs*e attacks ! morality ( pity f o!r po9ts ( view4 ,he %[s x to be by no means unselfi%4 ,ano!r's mis=tune affects u pa9fully & (f5ds u--p]haps br&s u z c[>ds if we d n g to 8 aid4 ,or x conta9s a h9t ( a possible dang] to ourselves2 moreov]1 we feel joy 9 comp>+ our own /ate ) t ( ! un=tunate1 joy :5 we c /ep 9 z ! /rong]1 ! help]4 ,! help we af=d gives u a feel+ ( happ9ess1 or p]haps x m]ely rescues u f bor$om4 ,pity 9 ! =m ( actual fell[-suff]+ w\ld be a weakness1 nay1 a mis=tune1 s9ce x w\ld add to ! _w's suff]+4 ,a man :o s]i\sly ab&on$ himself to sympa?y ) all ! mis]y he f\nd ab\t him1 w\ld simply be de/roy$ by x4 ,among savages ! ?\ght ( ar\s+ pity is reg>d$ ) horror4 ,^? :o d s are despis$4 ,accord+ to savage notions1 to feel pity = a p]son is to despise him2 b !y f9d no pleasure 9 see+ a contemptible p]son suff]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! sight ( an enemy's suff]+1 :5 8 pride does n =sake him 9 ! mid/ ( 8 torm5t--t is enjoym5t1 t excites admiration4 ,! morality ( pity is (t5 prea*$ 9 ! =mula1 love ?y neighb\r4 ,nietzs*e 9 ! int]e/s ( 8 attack seizes ^u ! ^w neighb\r4 ,n only does he dem&1 ) ,ki]kega>d1 a sett+-aside ( morality = ! sake ( ! end 9 view1 b he is exasp]at$ t ! true nature ( morality %\ld be held to consi/ 9 a consid]ation ( ! imm$iate results ( our actions1 to :i* we are to con=m4 ,to :at is n>r[ & pettifogg+ 9 ?is morality he opposes ano!r1 :i* looks beyond ^! imm$iate results & aspires1 ev5 by means t cause our neighb\r pa91 to m di/ant objects2 su* z ! advancem5t ( k1 al?\gh ?is w lead to sorr[ & d\bt & evil passions 9 our neighb\r4 ,we ne$ n on ?is acc\nt be )\t pity1 b we may hold our pity captive = ! sake ( ! object4 ,& z x is n[ unreasonable to t]m pity unselfi% & seek to consecrate x1 x is equally s to h& ov] a s]ies ( actions to ! evil consci5ce1 m]ely because !y h be5 malign$ z egoti/ical4 ,:at has happ5$ 9 rec5t times 9 ?is connection is t ! in/9ct ( self-d5ial & self-sacrifice1 ev]y?+ altrui/ic1 has be5 glorifi$ z if x 7 ! supreme value ( morality4 ,! ,engli% morali/s1 :o at pres5t dom9ate ,europe1 expla9 ! orig9 ( e?ics 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,unselfi% actions 7 orig9ally call$ good by ^? :o 7 _! objects & :o b5efit$ by !m2 aft]w>ds ?is orig9al reason = prais+ !m 0 =gott51 & unselfi% actions came to be reg>d$ z good 9 !mselves4 ,accord+ to a /atem5t ( ,nietzs*e himself x 0 a "w by a ,g]man au?or ) ,engli% lean+s1 ,dr4 ,paul ,re's ,d] ,ursprung d] moralis*5 ,empf9dung5 7,*emnitz1 #ahgg71 :i* provok$ him to su* passionate & detail$ opposition t he _h to ?ank ?is book = ! impulse to cle> up & develop 8 own ideas on ! subject4 ,! surpris+ "p ( x1 h[ev]1 is ?is3 ,dissatisfaction ) 8 fir/ book caus$ ,re to write a second & f> m important "w on ! same subject--,die ,ent/ehung des ,gewiss5s 7,b]l91 #ahhe7--;9 :i* ! po9t ( view (f5sive to ,nietzs*e is ab&on$ & sev]al ( ! lead+ ideas advanc$ by ! latt] aga9/ ,re are set =?1 support$ by a mass ( evid5ce tak5 f v>i\s au?ors & races ( m54 ,! two philosoph]s 7 p]sonally acqua9t$4 ,i knew !m bo?1 b _h no opportunity ( que/ion+ ei!r on ?is matt]4 ,x is !re=e impossible = me to say :i* ( ! two influ5c$ ! o!r1 or :y ,nietzs*e 9 #ahhg alludes to 8 dete/ation ( ! op9ions put =w>d by ,re 9 #ahgg1 )\t m5tion+ h[ ne> ! latt] _h come to 8 own view 9 ! "w publi%$ two ye>s previ\sly4 ,re _h already adduc$ a numb] ( examples to %[ t ! mo/ div]se peoples ( antiquity knew no o!r moral classification ( m5 ?an t ( nobles & common p1 p[]ful & weak2 s t ! olde/ mean+ ( good bo? 9 ,greece & ,icel& 0 noble1 mighty1 ri*4 ,nietzs*e builds 8 :ole !ory on ?is f\ndation4 ,8 tra9 ( ?\ght is ?is-- ,! critical ^w good is n due to ^? to :om goodness has be5 %[n4 ,! olde/ def9ition 0 ?is3 ! noble1 ! mighti]1 high]-plac$ & high-m9d$ held !mselves & _! actions to be good--( ! fir/ rank--9 contradi/9ction to ev]y?+ l[ & l[-m9d$4 ,noble1 9 ! s5se ( ! class-consci\sness ( a high] ca/e1 is ! prim>y concept f :i* develops good 9 ! s5se ( spiritually ari/ocratic4 ,! l[ly are designat$ z bad 7n evil74 ,bad does n acquire its unqualifi$ depreciatory mean+ till mu* lat]4 ,9 ! m\? ( ! p x is a laudatory ^w2 ! ,g]man ^w s*le*t is id5tical ) s*li*t 7cf4 s*le*tweg & s*le*t]d+s74 ,! rul+ ca/e call !mselves sometimes simply ! ,mighty1 sometimes ! ,tru?ful2 l ! ,greek nobility1 ^: m\?piece ,!ognis 04 ,) him beautiful1 good & noble always h ! s5se ( ari/ocratic4 ,! ari/ocratic moral valuation proce$s f a triumphant affirmation1 a yea-say+1 :i* we f9d 9 ! ,hom]ic h]oes3 ,we1 ! noble1 beautiful & brave--we are ! good1 ! belov$ ( ! gods4 ,^! are /rong m51 *>g$ ) =ce1 :o delight 9 w>like de$s1 to :om1 9 o!r words1 happ9ess is activity4 ,x is ( c\rse unavoidable t ^! nobles %\ld misjudge & despise ! plebeian h]d !y dom9ate4 ,yet z a rule !re may be trac$ 9 !m a pity = ! d[ntrodd5 ca/e1 = ! drudge & bea/ ( burd51 an indulg5ce t[>ds ^? to :om happ9ess is re/1 ! ,sabba? ( inactivity4 ,among ! l[] ord]s1 on ! o!r h&1 an image ( ! rul+ ca/e di/ort$ by hatr$ & spite is necess>ily curr5t4 ,9 ?is di/ortion !re lies a rev5ge4#e ,9 opposition to ! ari/ocratic valuation 7good noble1 beautiful1 happy1 fav\r$ by ! gods7 ! slave morality !n is ?is3 ,! wret*$ alone are ! good2 ^? :o suff] & are heavy lad51 ! sick & ! ugly1 !y are ! only pi\s ones4 ,on ! o!r h&1 y1 ye noble & ri*1 are to all et]nity ! evil1 ! cruel1 ! insatiate1 ! ungodly1 & aft] dea? ! damn$4 ,:]eas noble morality 0 ! manife/ation ( great self-e/eem1 a cont9ual yea-say+1 slave morality is a cont9ual ,nay1 a ,?\ %alt n1 a negation4 ,to ! noble valuation good--bad 7bad wor?less7 corresponds ! anti!sis ( slave morality1 good--evil4 ,& :o are ! evil 9 ?is morality ( ! oppress$8 ,precisely ! same :o 9 ! o!r morality 7 ! good4 ,let any "o read ! ,icel&ic sagas & exam9e ! morality ( ! anci5t ,nor?m51 & !n comp>e ) x ! compla9ts ( o!r nations ab\t ! vik+s' misde$s4 ,x w be se5 t ^! ari/ocrats1 ^: conduct 9 _m ways /ood high1 7 no bett] ?an bea/s ( prey 9 deal+ ) _! enemies4 ,!y fell ^u ! inhabitants ( ,*ri/ian %ores l eagles ^u lambs4 ,"o may say !y foll[$ an eagle ideal4 ,b !n we _c wond] t ^? :o 7 expos$ to su* fe>ful attacks ga!r$ r\nd an entirely opposite moral ideal1 t ( ! lamb4 ,9 ! ?ird *apt] ( 8 ,utilit>ianism1 ,/u>t ,mill attempts to prove t ! s5se ( ju/ice has develop$ f ! animal in/9ct ( mak+ reprisal = an injury or a loss4 ,9 an essay on ! transc5d5tal satisfaction ( ! feel+ ( rev5ge 7supplem5t to ! fir/ edition ( ! ,w]? des ,leb5s7 ,eug5 ,dhr+ has foll[$ him 9 try+ to e/abli% ! :ole doctr9e ( puni%m5t ^u ! in/9ct ( retaliation4 ,9 8 ,phnom5ologie ,edu>d von ,h>tmann %[s h[ ?is in/9ct /rictly speak+ nev] does m ?an involve a new suff]+1 a new (f5ce1 to ga9 ext]nal satisfaction = ! old "o1 s t ! pr9ciple ( requital c nev] be any di/9ct pr9ciple4 ,nietzs*e makes a viol5t1 passionate attempt to ref] ! sum total ( false mod]n morality1 n to ! in/9ct ( requital or to ! feel+ ( rev5ge 9 g5]al1 b to ! n>r[] =m ( x :i* we call spite1 envy & rancune4 ,:at he calls slave morality is to him purely spite-morality2 & ?is spite-morality gave new names to all ideals4 ,?us impot5ce1 :i* (f]s no reprisal1 became goodness2 crav5 bas5ess became humility2 submission to him :o 0 fe>$ became ob$i5ce2 inability to ass]t "o's self became reluctance to ass]t "o's self1 became =giv5ess1 love ( "o's enemies4 ,mis]y became a di/9ction2 ,god *a/5s :om he loves4 ,or x became a prep>ation1 a trial & a tra9+2 ev5 m--some?+ t w "o day be made good ) int]e/1 paid back 9 bliss4 ,& ! vile/ und]gr\nd creatures1 swoll5 ) hate & spite1 7 he>d to say3 ,we1 ! good1 we are ! righte\s4 ,!y did n hate _! enemies--!y hat$ inju/ice1 ungodl9ess4 ,:at !y hop$ = 0 n ! sweets ( rev5ge1 b ! victory ( righte\sness4 ,^? !y _h left to love on e>? 7 _! bro!rs & si/]s 9 hatr$1 :om !y call$ _! bro!rs & si/]s 9 love4 ,! future /ate !y look$ = 0 call$ ! com+ ( _! k+dom1 ( ,god's k+dom4 ,until x arrives !y live on 9 fai?1 hope & love4 ,if ,nietzs*e's design 9 ?is picture 0 to /rike at hi/orical ,*ri/ianity1 he has giv5 u--z any "o may see--a c>icature 9 ! _s & /yle ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,b t 8 description hits (f a c]ta9 type ( ! apo/les ( spite-morality _c be d5i$1 & r>ely has all ! self-deception t may lurk b5ea? moral prea*+ be5 m vigor\sly unmask$4 7,comp>e ,beyond ,good & ,evil & ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals47#f #e ,nietzs*e supports 8 hypo!sis by d]ivations1 "s d\btful1 o!rs incorrect2 b _! value is immat]ial4 #f ,:]e ,nietzs*e's words are quot$1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is essay1 consid]able use has be5 made ( ! complete ,engli% translation ( 8 works1 edit$ by ,dr4 ,osc> ,levy4--,tr4 #d4 ,nietzs*e w\ld def9e man z an animal t c make & keep promises4 ,he sees ! real nobility ( man 9 8 capacity = promis+ some?+1 answ]+ = himself & und]tak+ a responsibility--s9ce man1 ) ! ma/]y ( himself :i* ?is capacity implies1 necess>ily acquires 9 addition a ma/]y ov] ext]nal circum/ances & ov] o!r creatures1 ^: w is n s la/+4 ,! consci\sness ( ?is responsibility is :at ! sov]eign man calls 8 consci5ce4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! pa/ hi/ory ( ?is responsibility1 ?is consci5ce8 ,x is a long & bloody "o4 ,frightful means h be5 us$ 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory to tra9 m5 to rememb] :at !y h once promis$ or will$1 tacitly or explicitly4 ,= mill5iums man 0 conf9$ 9 ! /rait-jacket ( ! morality ( cu/om1 & by su* puni%m5ts z /on+1 break+ on ! :eel or burn+1 by bury+ ! s9n] alive1 te>+ him asund] ) horses1 ?r[+ him into ! wat] ) a /one on 8 neck or 9 a sack1 by sc\rg+1 flay+ & br&+--by all ^! means a long memory = :at he _h promis$ 0 burnt into t =getful animal1 man2 9 return = :i* he 0 p]mitt$ to enjoy ! advantages ( be+ a memb] ( society4 ,accord+ to ,nietzs*e's hypo!sis1 ! consci\sness ( guilt orig9ates simply z consci\sness ( a debt4 ,! relation ( contract betwe5 cr$itor & debtor1 :i* is z old z ! e>lie/ primitive =ms ( human int]c\rse 9 buy+1 sell+1 b>t]+1 etc4--?is is ! relation t und]lies x4 ,! debtor 79 ord] to inspire confid5ce 9 8 promise ( repaym5t7 pl$ges some?+ he possesses3 8 lib]ty1 8 woman1 8 life2 or he gives 8 cr$itor ! "r ( cutt+ a l>g] or small] piece ( fle% f 8 body1 accord+ to ! am\nt ( ! debt4 7,! ,roman ,code ( ! ,twelve ,tables2 aga9 9 ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice47 ,! logic ( ?is1 :i* has become some:at /range to u1 is z foll[s3 z comp5sation = 8 loss ! cr$itor is grant$ a k9d ( voluptu\s s5sation1 ! delight ( be+ able to ex]cise 8 p[] ^u ! p[]less4 ,! read] may f9d evid5ce 9 ,re 7op4 cit41 p4 #ac ff47 = ,nietzs*e's dictum1 t = mill5iums ?is 0 ! view ( mank9d3 ,! sight ( suff]+ does "o good4 ,! infliction ( suff]+ on ano!r is a fea/ at :i* ! =tunate "o swells ) ! joy ( p[]4 ,we may also f9d evid5ce 9 ,re t ! in/9cts ( pity1 fairness & clem5cy1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds glorifi$ z virtues1 7 orig9ally reg>d$ almo/ ev]y:]e z morally wor?less1 nay1 z indications ( weakness4 ,buy+ & sell+1 z well z ev]y?+ psy*ologically connect$ !re) & old] ?an any =m ( social organisation1 conta9 ! g]ms1 9 ,nietzs*e's view1 ( comp5sation1 assess+1 ju/ice & duty4 ,man soon became pr\d ( himself z a be+ :o measures values4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ g5]alisations 0 ?is3 ,ev]y?+ has its price4 ,& ! ?\ght t ev]y?+ c be paid = 0 ! olde/ & mo/ nave canon ( ju/ice4 ,n[ ! :ole ( society1 z x gradually develops1 /&s 9 ! same relation to its memb]s z ! cr$itor to ! debtor4 ,society protects its memb]s2 !y are assur$ aga9/ ! /ate ( outlawry--on condition t !y d n break _! pl$ges to ! community4 ,he :o breaks 8 ^w--! crim9al--is relegat$ to ! outlawry involv$ 9 exclusion f society4 ,z ,nietzs*e1 :o is s exclusively tak5 up by ! psy*ological aspect1 disc>ds all accessories ( s*ol>%ip1 x is impossible to exam9e directly ! accuracy ( 8 ass]tions4 ,! hi/orical data w be f\nd collect$ 9 ,re's p>agraphs on res5tm5t & ! s5se ( ju/ice1 & 9 8 section on ! buy+-(f ( rev5ge1 i4 e4 settlem5t by f9es4 ,o!r ?9k]s besides ,nietzs*e 7su* z ,e4 von ,h>tmann & ,re7 h combat$ ! view t ! idea ( ju/ice has its orig9 9 a /ate ( res5tm5t1 & ,nietzs*e has sc>cely br\ght to light any fre% & conv9c+ pro(2 b :at is *>act]i/ic ( him z a writ] is ! excess ( p]sonal passion ) :i* he attacks ?is view1 obvi\sly because x is connect$ ) ! reason+ ( mod]n democracy4 ,9 _m a mod]n cry = ju/ice !re r+s a note ( plebeian spite & envy4 ,involunt>ily _m a mod]n savant ( middle-class or l[] middle-class orig9 has attribut$ an unw>rantable importance to ! atavi/ic emotions preval5t among ^? :o h be5 long oppress$3 hatr$ & ranc\r1 spite & ?ir/ = rev5ge4 ,nietzs*e does n occupy himself = an in/ant ) ! /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* rev5ge does duty z ! sole punitive ju/ice2 = ! dea? feud is n a manife/ation ( ! ?rall's hatr$ ( 8 ma/]1 b ( ideas ( hon\r among equals4 ,he dwells exclusively on ! contra/ betwe5 a rul+ ca/e & a ca/e ( slaves1 & %[s a con/antly recurr+ indignation ) doctr9es :i* h caus$ ! progressive among 8 contempor>ies to look ) indulg5ce on ! in/9cts ( ! populace & ) suspicion or ho/ility on ma/] spirits4 ,8 purely p]sonal *>act]i/ic1 h[ev]1 ! unphilosophical & temp]am5tal 9 him1 is reveal$ 9 ! trait t1 :ile he has no?+ b scorn & contempt = ! d[n-trodd5 class or race1 = ! slave morality result+ f its suppress$ ranc\r1 he positively revels 9 ! rul+ ca/e's delight 9 its p[]1 9 ! atmosph]e ( heal?9ess1 fre$om1 frankness & tru?fulness 9 :i* x lives4 ,its acts ( tyranny he def5ds or excuses4 ,! image x creates = itself ( ! slave ca/e is to him f> less falsifi$ ?an t :i* ! latt] =ms ( ! ma/] ca/e4 ,nor c !re be s]i\s "q ( any real inju/ice committ$ by ?is ca/e4 ,= !re is no su* ?+ z "r or wrong 9 itself4 ,! infliction ( an injury1 =cible subjection1 exploitation or annihilation is n 9 itself a wrong1 _c be su*1 s9ce life 9 its ess5ce1 9 its prim>y functions1 is no?+ b oppression1 exploitation & annihilation4 ,conditions ( ju/ice c nev] be any?+ b exceptional conditions1 t is1 z limitations ( ! real desire ( life1 ! object ( :i* is p[]4 ,nietzs*e replaces ,s*op5hau]'s ,w to ,life & ,d>w9's ,/ruggle = ,exi/5ce by ! ,w to ,p[]4 ,9 8 view ! fight is n = life--b>e exi/5ce--b = p[]4 ,& he has a great deal to say--some:at beside ! m>k--( ! mean & paltry conditions ^? ,engli%m5 mu/ h _h 9 view :o set up ! mode/ conception ( ! /ruggle = life4 ,x appe>s to him z if !y _h imag9$ a _w 9 :i* ev]ybody is glad if he c only keep body & s\l toge!r4 ,b life is only an expression = ! m9imum4 ,9 itself life seeks1 n self-pres]vation alone1 b self-increase1 & ?is is precisely ! w to p[]4 ,x is !re=e obvi\s t !re is no diff]5ce ( pr9ciple betwe5 ! new cat*word & ! old2 = ! /ruggle = exi/5ce necess>ily leads to ! conflict ( =ces & ! fight = p[]4 ,n[ a sy/em ( ju/ice1 se5 f ?is /&po9t1 is a factor 9 ! conflict ( =ces4 ,conceiv$ z supreme1 z a rem$y = e k9d ( /ruggle1 x w\ld be a pr9ciple ho/ile to life & de/ructive ( ! future & progress ( humanity4 ,some?+ simil> 0 9 ! m9d ( ,lassalle1 :5 he decl>$ t ! /&po9t ( ju/ice 0 a bad /&po9t 9 ! life ( nations4 ,:at is significant ( ,nietzs*e is 8 love ( fight+ = its own sake1 9 contra/ to ! mod]n humanit>ian view4 ,to ,nietzs*e ! greatness ( a movem5t is to be measur$ by ! sacrifices x dem&s4 ,! hygi5e :i* keeps alive millions ( weak & useless be+s :o ought r to die1 is to him no true progress4 ,a dead level ( m$iocre happ9ess assur$ to ! l>ge/ possible majority ( ! mis]able creatures we n[adays call m51 w\ld be to him no true progress4 ,b to him1 z to ,r5an1 ! re>+ ( a human species high] & /rong] ?an t :i* n[ surr\nds u 7! ,sup]man71 ev5 if ?is c\ld only be a*iev$ by ! sacrifice ( masses ( su* m5 z we "k1 w\ld be a great1 a real progress4 ,nietzs*e's visions1 put =? 9 all s]i\sness1 ( ! tra9+ ( ! ,sup]man & 8 assumption ( ! ma/]y ( ! _w1 be> s /rong a resemblance to ,r5an's dreams1 ?r[n out half 9 je/1 ( a new ,asg>d1 a regul> manufactory ( sir 7,dialogues philosophiques1 #aag71 t we c sc>cely d\bt ! latt]'s influ5ce4 ,b :at ,r5an wrote "u ! ov]:elm+ impression ( ! ,p>is ,commune1 &1 moreov]1 9 ! =m ( dialogue1 all[+ bo? pro & con4 to be he>d1 has cry/allis$ 9 ,nietzs*e into dogmatic conviction4 ,"o is !re=e surpris$ & hurt to f9d t ,nietzs*e nev] m5tions ,r5an o!rwise ?an grudg+ly4 ,he sc>cely alludes to ! ari/ocratic quality ( 8 intellect1 b he speaks ) repugnance ( t respect = ! gospel ( ! humble :i* ,r5an ev]y:]e discloses1 & :i* is und5iably at v>iance ) 8 hope ( ! f\ndation ( a bre$+ e/abli%m5t = sup]m54 ,r5an1 & aft] him ,ta9e1 turn$ aga9/ ! almo/ religi\s feel+s :i* 7 long ent]ta9$ 9 ! new ,europe t[>ds ! fir/ ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,r5an regrett$ ! ,revolution betimes on national gr\nds2 ,ta9e1 :o began by speak+ w>mly ( x1 *ang$ 8 m9d on clos] inquiry4 ,nietzs*e foll[s 9 _! foot/eps4 ,x is natural = mod]n au?ors1 :o feel !mselves to be ! *ildr5 ( ! ,revolution1 to sympa?ise ) ! m5 ( ! great revolt2 & c]ta9ly ! latt] d n receive _! due 9 ! pres5t anti-revolution>y /ate ( feel+ 9 ,europe4 ,b ^! au?ors1 9 _! dread ( :at 9 political j>gon is call$ ,cs>ism1 & 9 _! sup]/iti\s belief 9 mass movem5ts1 h ov]look$ ! fact t ! greate/ revolution>ies & lib]ators are n ! unit$ small1 b ! few great2 n ! small ung5]\s1 b ! great & g5]\s1 :o are will+ to be/[ ju/ice & well-be+ & intellectual gr[? ^u ! re/4 ,!re are two classes ( revolution>y spirits3 ^? :o feel in/9ctively drawn to ,brutus1 & ^? :o equally in/9ctively are attract$ by ,cs>4 ,cs> is ! great type2 nei!r ,fr$]ick ! ,great nor ,napoleon c\ld claim m ?an a "p ( 8 qualities4 ,! mod]n poetry ( ! '=ties teems ) songs 9 praise ( ,brutus1 b no poet has sung ,cs>4 ,ev5 a poet ) s little love = democracy z ,%akespe>e totally fail$ to recognise 8 greatness2 he gave u a pale c>icature ( 8 figure & foll[$ ,plut>* 9 glorify+ ,brutus at 8 exp5se4 ,ev5 ,%akespe>e c\ld n see t ,cs> plac$ a v diff]5t /ake on ! table ( life f t ( 8 paltry murd]]4 ,cs> 0 desc5d$ f ,v5us2 9 8 =m 0 grace4 ,8 m9d _h ! gr& simplicity :i* is ! m>k ( ! greate/2 8 nature 0 nobility4 ,he1 f :om ev5 to-day all supreme p[] takes its "n1 _h e attribute t belongs to a comm&] & rul] ( ! highe/ rank4 ,only a few m5 ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance h rea*$ su* a height ( g5ius4 ,8 life 0 a gu>antee ( all ! progress t c\ld be accompli%$ 9 ^? days4 ,brutus's nature 0 doctr9e1 8 di/+ui%+ m>k ! n>r[ness t seeks to br+ back dead conditions & t sees om5s ( a call 9 ! accid5t ( a "n4 ,8 /yle 0 dry & labori\s1 8 m9d unf]tile4 ,8 vice 0 av>ice1 usury 8 delight4 ,to him ! prov9ces 7 conque/s beyond ! pale4 ,he _h five s5ators ( ,salamis />v$ to dea? because ! t[n c\ld n pay4 ,& on acc\nt ( a dagg]-?ru/1 :i* accompli%$ no?+ & h9d]$ no?+ ( :at x 0 meant to h9d]1 ?is arid bra9 has be5 made a sort ( g5ius ( lib]ty1 m]ely because m5 h fail$ to und]/& :at x meant to h ! /ronge/1 ri*e/ & noble/ nature inve/$ ) supreme p[]4 ,f :at has be5 said above x w easily be und]/ood t ,nietzs*e d]ives ju/ice entirely f ! active emotions1 s9ce 9 8 view rev5geful feel+s are always l[4 ,he does n dwell on ?is po9t1 h[ev]4 ,old] writ]s _h se5 9 ! in/9ct ( retaliation ! orig9 ( puni%m5t4 ,/u>t ,mill1 9 8 ,utilit>ianism1 d]iv$ ju/ice f already e/abli%$ punitive provisions 7ju/um f jussum71 :i* 7 precaution>y measures1 n reprisals4 ,re1 9 8 book on ! ,orig9 ( ,consci5ce1 def5d$ ! k9dr$ proposition t puni%m5t is n a consequ5ce ( ! s5se ( ju/ice1 b vice v]sa4 ,! ,engli% philosoph]s 9 g5]al d]ive ! bad consci5ce f puni%m5t4 ,! value ( ! latt] is suppos$ to consi/ 9 awak5+ a s5se ( guilt 9 ! del9qu5t4 ,aga9/ ?is ,nietzs*e ent]s a prote/4 ,he ma9ta9s t puni%m5t only h>d5s & b5umbs a man2 9 fact1 t ! judicial proc$ure itself prev5ts ! crim9al f reg>d+ 8 conduct z repreh5sible2 s9ce he is made to witness precisely ! same k9d ( acts z ^? he has committ$--spy+1 entrapp+1 outwitt+ & tortur+--all ( :i* are sanction$ :5 ex]cis$ aga9/ him 9 ! cause ( ju/ice4 ,= long ages1 too1 no notice :atev] 0 tak5 ( ! crim9al's s92 he 0 reg>d$ z h>mful1 n guilty1 & look$ ^u z a piece ( de/9y2 & ! crim9al on 8 side took 8 puni%m5t z a piece ( de/9y :i* _h ov]tak5 him1 & bore x ) ! same fatalism ) :i* ! ,russians suff] to ?is day4 ,9 g5]al we may say t puni%m5t tames ! man1 b does n make him bett]4 ,! bad consci5ce1 !n1 is /ill unexpla9$4 ,nietzs*e proposes ! foll[+ brilliant hypo!sis3 ,! bad consci5ce is ! deep-seat$ morbid condition t decl>$ itself 9 man "u ! /ress ( ! mo/ radical *ange he has ev] exp]i5c$--:5 he f\nd himself imprison$ 9 p]petuity )9 a society :i* 0 inviolable4 ,all ! /rong & savage in/9cts su* z adv5tur\sness1 ra%ness1 cunn+1 rapacity1 lu/ ( p[]1 :i* till !n _h n only be5 hon\r$1 b actually enc\rag$1 7 sudd5ly put d[n z dang]\s1 & by degrees br&$ z immoral & crim9al4 ,creatures adapt$ to a rov+ life ( w> & adv5ture sudd5ly saw all _! in/9cts class$ z wor?less1 nay1 z =bidd54 ,an imm5se despond5cy1 a dejection )\t p>allel1 !n took possession ( !m4 ,& all ^! in/9cts t 7 n all[$ an outw>d v5t1 turn$ inw>ds on ! man himself--feel+s ( enmity1 cruelty1 delight 9 *ange1 9 haz>d1 viol5ce1 p]secution1 de/ruction--& ?us ! bad consci5ce orig9at$4 ,:5 ! ,/ate came into exi/5ce--n by a social contract1 z ,r\sseau & 8 contempor>ies assum$--b by a frightful tyranny impos$ by a conqu]+ race ^u a m num]\s1 b unorganis$ population1 !n all ! latt]'s in/9ct ( fre$om turn$ inw>ds2 its active =ce & w to p[] 7 direct$ aga9/ man himself4 ,& ?is 0 ! soil :i* bore su* ideals ( beauty z self-d5ial1 self-sacrifice1 unselfi%ness4 ,! delight 9 self-sacrifice is 9 its orig9 a phase ( cruelty2 ! bad consci5ce is a w = self-abuse4 ,!n by degrees guilt came to be felt z a debt1 to ! pa/1 to ! ance/ors2 a debt t _h to be paid back 9 sacrifices--at fir/ ( n\ri%m5t 9 its crude/ s5se--9 m>ks ( hon\r & 9 ob$i5ce2 = all cu/oms1 z ! "w ( ance/ors1 are at ! same "t _! comm&s4#g ,!re is a con/ant dread ( n giv+ !m en\gh2 ! fir/born1 human & animal1 are sacrific$ to !m4 ,fe> ( ! f\nd] gr[s 9 proportion z ! p[] ( ! race increases4 ,sometimes he becomes trans=m$ into a god1 9 :i* ! orig9 ( ! god f fe> is cle>ly se54 ,! feel+ ( ow+ a debt to ! deity /eadily grew ?r\gh ! c5turies1 until ! recognition ( ! ,*ri/ian deity z univ]sal god br\ght ab\t ! greate/ possible outbur/ ( guilty feel+4 ,only 9 our day is any noticeable dim9ution ( ?is s5se ( guilt to be trac$2 b :]e ! consci\sness ( s9 rea*es its culm9at+ po9t1 !re ! bad consci5ce eats its way l a canc]1 till ! s5se ( ! impossibility ( pay+ ! debt--aton+ = ! s9--is supreme & ) x is comb9$ ! idea ( et]nal puni%m5t4 ,a curse is n[ imag9$ to h be5 laid ^u ! f\nd] ( ! race 7,adam71 & all s9 becomes orig9al s94 ,inde$1 ! evil pr9ciple is attribut$ to ,nature h]self1 f ^: womb man has sprung--until we arrive at ! p>adoxical exp$i5t 9 :i* torm5t$ ,*ri/5dom has f\nd a tempor>y consolation = two ?\s& ye>s3 ,god (f]s himself = ! guilt ( mank9d1 pays himself 9 8 own fle% & blood4 ,:at has "h happ5$ is t ! in/9ct ( cruelty1 :i* has turn$ inw>ds1 has become self-torture1 & all man's animal in/9cts h be5 re9t]pret$ z guilt t[>ds ,god4 ,e ,nay man utt]s to 8 nature1 to 8 real be+1 he fl+s out z a ,yea1 an affirmation ( reality appli$ to ,god's sanctity1 8 capacity ( judge & execution]1 & 9 ! next place to et]nity1 ! ,beyond1 pa9 )\t end1 et]nal puni%m5t 9 hell4 ,9 ord] rightly to und]/& ! orig9 ( ascetic ideals1 we mu/1 moreov]1 consid] t ! e>lie/ g5]ations ( spiritual & contemplative natures liv$ "u a fe>ful pressure ( contempt on ! "p ( ! hunt]s & w>riors4 ,! unw>like elem5t 9 !m 0 despicable4 ,!y _h no o!r means ( hold+ _! own ?an t ( inspir+ fe>4 ,?is !y c\ld only d by cruelty to !mselves1 mortification & self-discipl9e 9 a h]mit's life4 ,z prie/s1 soo?say]s & sorc]]s !y !n /ruck sup]/iti\s t]ror into ! masses4 ,! ascetic prie/ is ! unsightly l>va f :i* ! heal?y philosoph] has em]g$4 ,"u ! dom9ion ( ! prie/s our e>? became ! ascetic planet2 a squalid d5 c>e]+ ?r\gh space1 peopl$ by discont5t$ & arrogant creatures1 :o 7 disgu/$ ) life1 abhorr$ _! globe z a vale ( te>s1 & :o 9 _! envy & hatr$ ( beauty & joy did !mselves z mu* h>m z possible4 ,nev]!less ! self-contradiction we f9d 9 asceticism--life turn$ aga9/ life--is ( c\rse only app>5t4 ,9 reality ! ascetic ideal corresponds to a decad5t life's pr(\nd ne$ ( heal+ & t5d+4 ,x is an ideal t po9ts to depression & exhau/ion2 by its help life /ruggles aga9/ dea?4 ,x is life's device = self-pres]vation4 ,its necess>y antec$5t is a morbid condition 9 ! tam$ human be+1 a disgu/ ) life1 c\pl$ ) ! desire to be some?+ else1 to be some:]e else1 rais$ to ! highe/ pit* ( emotion & passion4 ,! ascetic prie/ is ! embodim5t ( ?is v wi%4 ,by its p[] he keeps ! :ole h]d ( deject$1 fa9!>t$1 despair+ & unsuccessful creatures1 fa/ to life4 ,! v fact t he himself is sick makes him _! born h]dsman4 ,if he 7 heal?y1 he w\ld turn away ) loa?+ f all ?is eag]ness to re-label weakness1 envy1 ,ph>isaism & false morality z virtue4 ,b1 be+ himself sick1 he is call$ ^u to be an att5dant 9 ! great hospital ( s9n]s--! ,*ur*4 ,he is con/antly occupi$ ) suff]]s :o seek ! cause ( _! pa9 outside !mselves2 he tea*es ! pati5t t ! guilty cause ( 8 pa9 is himself4 ,?us he div]ts ! ranc\r ( ! abortive man & makes him less h>mful1 by lett+ a great "p ( 8 res5tm5t recoil on himself4 ,! ascetic prie/ _c prop]ly be call$ a physician2 he mitigates suff]+ & inv5ts consolations ( e k9d1 bo? n>cotics & /imulants4 ,! problem 0 to cont5d ) fatigue & despair1 :i* _h seiz$ l an epidemic ^u great masses ( m54 ,_m rem$ies 7 tri$4 ,fir/1 x 0 s\ght to depress vitality to ! l[e/ degree3 n to w1 n to desire1 n to "w1 & s on2 to become apa!tic 7,pascal's ,il faut s'abtir74 ,! object 0 sanctification1 a hypnotis+ ( all m5tal life1 a relaxation ( e purpose1 & consequ5tly fre$om f pa94 ,9 ! next place1 me*anical activity 0 employ$ z a n>cotic aga9/ /ates ( depression3 ! bless+ ( lab\r4 ,! ascetic prie/1 :o has to deal *iefly ) suff]]s ( ! poor] classes1 re9t]prets ! task ( ! un=tunate drudge = him1 mak+ him see 9 x a b5efit4 ,!n aga91 ! prescription ( a little1 easily accessible joy1 is a fav\rite rem$y = depression2 su* z gladd5+ o!rs1 help+ !m 9 love ( "o's neighb\r4 ,f9ally1 ! decisive cure is to organise all ! sick into an imm5se hospital1 to f\nd a congregation ( !m4 ,! dis9cl9ation t accompanies ! s5se ( weakness is !reby combat$1 s9ce ! mass feels /rong 9 its inn] cohesion4 ,b ! *ief rem$y ( ! ascetic prie/ 01 aft] all1 8 re9t]pretation ( ! feel+ ( guilt z s94 ,! inn] suff]+ 0 a puni%m5t4 ,! sick man 0 ! s9n]4 ,nietzs*e comp>es ! un=tunate :o receives ?is explanation ( 8 qualms ) a h5 r\nd :i* a *alk circle has be5 drawn3 he _c get out4 ,:]ev] we look1 = c5tury aft] c5tury1 we see ! hypnotic gaze ( ! s9n]1 />+--9 spite ( ,job--at guilt z ! only cause ( suff]+4 ,ev]y:]e ! evil consci5ce & ! sc\rge & ! hairy %irt & weep+ & gna%+ ( tee?1 & ! cry ( ,m pa96 ,m pa96 ,ev]y?+ s]v$ ! ascetic ideal4 ,& !n arose epidemics l ^? ( ,/4 ,vitus's dance & ! flagellants1 wit*es' hy/]ia & ! :olesale delirium ( extravagant sects 7:i* /ill l+]s 9 o!rwise b5eficially discipl9$ bodies su* z ! ,salvation ,army74 ,! ascetic ideal has z yet no real assailants2 !re is no decid$ prophet ( a new ideal4 ,inasmu* z s9ce ! "t ( ,cop]nicus sci5ce has con/antly t5d$ to deprive man ( 8 e>li] belief 9 8 own importance1 its influ5ce is r fav\rable to asceticism ?an o!rwise4 ,at pres5t ! only real enemies & und]m9]s ( ! ascetic ideal are to be f\nd 9 ! *>latans ( t ideal1 9 its hypocritical *ampions1 :o excite & ma9ta9 di/ru/ ( x4 ,z ! s5selessness ( suff]+ 0 felt to be a curse1 ! ascetic ideal gave x a mean+2 a mean+ :i* br\ght a new flood ( suff]+ ) x1 b :i* 0 bett] ?an none4 ,9 our day a new ideal is 9 process ( =mation1 :i* sees 9 suff]+ a condition ( life1 a condition ( happ9ess1 & :i* 9 ! "n ( a new culture combats all t we h hi!rto call$ culture4 #g ,comp>e ,lassalle's !ory ( ! orig9al religion ( ,rome4 ,g4 ,br&es2 ,f]d9& ,lassalle 7,london & ,new ,york1 #aiaa71 pp4 #gf ff4 #e4 ,among ,nietzs*e's works !re is a /range book :i* be>s ! title1 ,?us ,spake ,z>a?u/ra4 ,x consi/s ( f\r p>ts1 writt5 dur+ ! ye>s #ahhc-he1 ea* "p 9 ab\t t5 days1 & conceiv$ *apt] by *apt] on long walks--) a feel+ ( inspiration1 z ?\gh ea* s5t5ce _h be5 %\t$ 9 my e>1 z ,nietzs*e wrote 9 a private lett]4 ,! c5tral figure & some?+ ( ! =m are borr[$ f ! ,p]sian ,ave/a4 ,z>a?u/ra is ! my/ical f\nd] ( a religion :om we usually call ,zoroa/]4 ,8 religion is ! religion ( purity2 8 wisdom is *e]ful & dauntless1 z t ( "o :o laugh$ at 8 bir?2 8 nature is light & flame4 ,! eagle & ! s]p5t1 :o %>e 8 m\nta9 cave1 ! pr\de/ & ! wise/ ( bea/s1 are anci5t ,p]sian symbols4 ,?is "w conta9s ,nietzs*e's doctr9e 9 ! =m1 s to speak1 ( religion4 ,x is ! ,koran1 or r ! ,ave/a1 :i* he 0 impell$ to leave--obscure & pr(\nd1 high-so>+ & remote f reality1 prophetic & intoxicat$ ) ! future1 fill$ to ! brim ) ! p]sonality ( its au?or1 :o aga9 is entirely fill$ ) himself4 ,among mod]n books t h adopt$ ?is tone & employ$ ?is symbolic & allegorical /yle may be m5tion$ ,mickiewicz's ,book ( ! ,poli% ,pilgrims1 ,sl[acki's ,anheli1 & ,! ,words ( a ,believ]1 by ,lam5nais1 :o 0 influ5c$ by ,mickiewicz4 ,a new] "w1 kn[n to ,nietzs*e1 is ,c>l ,spittel]'s ,prome!us & ,epime!us 7#ahha74 ,b all ^! books1 ) ! exception ( ,spittel]'s1 are biblical 9 _! language4 ,z>a?u/ra1 on ! o!r h&1 is a book ( edification = free spirits4 ,nietzs*e himself gave ?is book ! highe/ place among 8 writ+s4 ,i d n %>e ?is view4 ,! imag9ative p[] :i* su/a9s x is n suffici5tly inv5tive1 & a c]ta9 monotony is insep>able f an ar*ai/ic pres5tm5t by means ( types4 ,b x is a good book = ^? to h rec\rse to :o are unable to ma/] ,nietzs*e's purely speculative works2 x conta9s all 8 fundam5tal ideas 9 ! =m ( poetic recital4 ,its m]it is a /yle t f ! fir/ ^w to ! la/ is full-ton$1 sonor\s & p[]ful2 n[ & !n r unctu\s 9 its combative judgm5ts & condemnations2 always expressive ( self-joy1 nay1 self-intoxication1 b ri* 9 subtleties z 9 audacities1 sure1 & at times great4 ,beh9d ?is /yle lies a mood z ( calm m\nta9 air1 s light1 s e!really pure1 t no infection1 no bact]ia c live 9 x--no noise1 no /5*1 no du/ assails x1 nor does any pa? lead up4 ,cle> sky above1 op5 sea at ! m\nta9's foot1 & ov] all a heav5 ( light1 an abyss ( light1 an azure bell1 a vault$ sil5ce above ro>+ wat]s & mighty m\nta9-*a9s4 ,on ! heights ,z>a?u/ra is alone ) himself1 draw+ 9 ! pure air 9 full1 deep brea?s1 alone ) ! ris+ sun1 alone ) ! heat ( noon1 :i* does n impair ! fre%ness1 alone ) ! voices ( ! gleam+ />s at night4 ,a good1 deep book x is4 ,a book t is bright 9 its joy ( life1 d>k 9 its riddles1 a book = spiritual m\nta9-climb]s & d>e-devils & = ! few :o are practis$ 9 ! great contempt ( man t loa!s ! cr[d1 & 9 ! great love ( man t only loa!s s deeply because x has a vision ( a high]1 brav] humanity1 :i* x seeks to re> & tra94 ,z>a?u/ra has s\ght ! refuge ( 8 cave out ( disgu/ ) petty happ9ess & petty virtues4 ,he has se5 t m5's doctr9e ( virtue & cont5tm5t makes !m ev] small]3 _! goodness is 9 ! ma9 a wi% t no "o may d !m any h>m2 !re=e !y =e/all ! o!rs by do+ !m a little good4 ,?is is c[>dice & is call$ virtue4 ,true1 !y are at ! same "t q ready to attack & injure1 b only ^? :o are once = all at _! m]cy & ) :om x is safe to take lib]ties4 ,?is is call$ brav]y & is a /ill bas] c[>dice4 ,b :5 ,z>a?u/ra tries to drive out ! c[>dly devils 9 m51 ! cry is rais$ aga9/ him1 ,z>a?u/ra is godless4 ,he is lonely1 = all 8 =m] companions h become apo/ates2 _! "y he>ts h gr[n old1 & n old ev51 only we>y & slo?ful1 only commonplace--& ?is !y call becom+ pi\s aga94 ,ar\nd light & lib]ty !y once flutt]$ l gnats & "y poets1 & already are !y my/ifi]s1 & mumbl]s & mollycoddles4 ,!y h und]/ood _! age4 ,!y *ose _! "t well4 ,= n[ d all night-birds aga9 fly abroad4 ,n[ is ! h\r ( all t dread ! light4 ,z>a?u/ra loa!s ! great city z a hell = an*orites' ?\ghts4 ,all lu/s & vices are "h at home2 b "h are also ! virtu\s1 mu* appo9table & appo9t$ virtue4 ,mu* appo9table virtue ) scribe-f+]s & h>dy sitt+-fle% & wait+-fle%1 bless$ ) little brea/-/>s & padd$1 haun*less daught]s4 ,"h is also mu* piety & mu* dev\t spittle-lick+ & honey-slav]+ be=e ! ,god ( ho/s4 ,= 'f on high' drippe? ! /> & ! graci\s spittle2 & upw>d longe? e />less bosom4 ,& ,z>a?u/ra loa!s ! ,/ate1 loa!s x z ,h5rik ,ibs5 did & m pr(\ndly ?an he4 ,to him ! ,/ate is ! colde/ ( all cold mon/]s4 ,its fundam5tal lie is t x is ! p4 ,no2 creative spirits 7 !y :o creat$ ! p & gave x a fai? & a love2 ?us !y s]v$ life2 e p is peculi> to itself1 b ! ,/ate is ev]y:]e ! same4 ,! ,/ate is to ,z>a?u/ra t :]e ! sl[ suicide ( all is call$ life4 ,! ,/ate is = ! _m too _m4 ,only :]e ! ,/ate leaves (t does ! man :o is n sup]flu\s beg92 ! man :o is a bridge to ! ,sup]man4 ,f /ates ,z>a?u/ra has fl$ up to 8 m\nta91 into 8 cave4 ,9 =be>ance & pity lay 8 greate/ dang]4 ,ri* 91 ! little lies ( pity he dwelt among m54 ,/ung f head to foot by poison\s flies & holl[$ out l a /one by _m drops ( malice1 ?us did ,i sit among !m1 say+ to myself3 ,innoc5t is ev]y?+ petty ( its pett9ess4 ,especially !y :o call !mselves ! good1 !y /+ 9 all innoc5ce1 !y lie 9 all innoc5ce2 h[ c\ld !y be j t[>ds me8 ,he :o dwelle? among ! good1 him tea*e? pity to lie4 ,pity bre$e? bad air = all free s\ls4 ,= ! /upidity ( ! good is unfa?omable4 ,_! /iff wise m5 did ,i call wise1 n /iff4 ,_! grave-digg]s did ,i call se>*]s & te/]s--?us did ,i le>n to conf\nd spee*4 ,! grave-digg]s dig = !mselves diseases4 ,f old refuse arise evil exhalations4 ,^u ! m\nta9s "o %\ld live4 ,& ) bless$ no/rils he brea!s aga9 ! fre$om ( ! m\nta9s4 ,8 nose is n[ releas$ f ! smell ( all t is human4 ,!re sits ,z>a?u/ra ) old brok5 tables ( ! law ar\nd him & new half-writt5 tables1 await+ 8 h\r2 ! h\r :5 ! lion %all come ) ! flock ( doves1 /r5g? 9 company ) g5tl5ess1 to d homage to him4 ,& he holds out to m5 a new table1 ^u :i* su* maxims z ^! are writt5-- ,sp>e n ?y neighb\r6 ,my great love = ! remote/ ones comm&s x4 ,?y neighb\r is some?+ t mu/ be surpass$4 ,say n3 ,i w d unto o!rs z ,i w\ld !y %\ld d unto me4 ,:at ?\ doe/1 t c no man d to !e aga94 ,!re is no requital4 ,d n believe t ?\ may/ n rob4 ,a "r :i* ?\ can/ seize ^u1 %alt ?\ nev] all[ to be giv5 !e4 ,bew>e ( good m54 ,!y nev] speak ! tru?4 ,= all t !y call evil--! d>+ v5ture1 ! prolong$ di/ru/1 ! cruel ,nay1 ! deep disgu/ ) m51 ! w & ! p[] to cut into ! quick--all ?is mu/ be pres5t :]e a tru? is to be born4 ,all ! pa/ is at man's m]cy4 ,b1 ?is be+ s1 x might happ5 t ! rabble became ma/] & dr[n$ all "t 9 its %all[ wat]s1 or t a tyrant usurp$ x all4 ,!re=e we ne$ a new nobility1 to be ! adv]s>y ( all rabble & all tyranny1 & to inscribe on new tables ! ^w noble4 ,c]ta9ly n a nobility t c be b\ght1 nor a nobility ^: virtue is love ( c\ntry4 ,no1 tea*es ,z>a?u/ra1 exiles %all ye be f y\r fa!rl&s & =efa!rl&s4 ,n ! l& ( y\r fa!rs %all ye love1 b y\r *ildr5's l&4 ,?is love is ! new nobility--love ( t new l&1 ! undiscov]$1 f>-(f c\ntry 9 ! remote/ sea4 ,to y\r *ildr5 %all ye make am5ds = ! mis=tune ( be+ y\r fa!rs' *ildr54 ,?us %all ye r$eem all ! pa/4 ,z>a?u/ra is full ( l5ity4 ,o!rs h said3 ,?\ %alt n commit adult]y4 ,z>a?u/ra tea*es3 ,! hone/ %\ld say to ea* o!r1 ,let u see :e!r our love cont9ue2 let u fix a t]m1 t we may f9d out :e!r we desire a long] t]m4 ,:at _c be b5t1 w be brok54 ,a woman said to ,z>a?u/ra1 ,inde$1 ,i broke ! m>riage1 b fir/ did ! m>riage break me4 ,z>a?u/ra is )\t m]cy4 ,x has be5 said3 ,pu% n a lean+ waggon4 ,b ,z>a?u/ra says3 ,t :i* is ready to fall1 %all ye also pu%4 ,all t belongs to our day is fall+ & decay+4 ,no "o c pres]ve x1 b ,z>a?u/ra w ev5 help x to fall fa/]4 ,z>a?u/ra loves ! brave4 ,b n ! brav]y t takes up e *all5ge4 ,!re is (t5 m brav]y 9 hold+ back & pass+ by & res]v+ "o's self = a wor?i] foe4 ,z>a?u/ra does n tea*3 ,ye %all love y\r enemies1 b3 ,ye %all n engage 9 combat ) enemies ye despise4 ,:y s h>d8 m5 cry to ,z>a?u/ra4 ,he replies3 ,:y s h>d1 once said ! *>coal to ! diamond2 are we n ne> ( k98 ,! creators are h>d4 ,_! bless$ness x is to press _! h& ^u future c5turies z ^u wax4 ,no doctr9e revolts ,z>a?u/ra m ?an t ( ! vanity & s5selessness ( life4 ,?is is 9 8 eyes anci5t babbl+1 old wives' babbl+4 ,& ! pessimi/s :o sum up life ) a balance ( av]sion1 & ass]t ! badness ( exi/5ce1 are ! objects ( 8 positive loa?+4 ,he pref]s pa9 to annihilation4 ,! same extravagant love ( life is express$ 9 ! ,hymn to ,life1 writt5 by 8 fri5d1 ,l\ von ,salom1 :i* ,nietzs*e set = *orus & or*e/ra4 ,we read "h-- ,s truly loves a fri5d 8 fri5d ,z ,i love !e1 ,o ,life 9 my/'ry hidd56 ,if joy or grief to me ?\ s5d2 ,if l\d ,i laugh or else to weep am bidd51 ,yet love ,i !e ) all ?y *angeful faces2 ,& %\ld'/ ?\ doom me to dep>t1 ,s w\ld ,i te> myself f ?y embraces1 ,z comrade f a comrade's he>t4 ,& ! poem concludes-- ,& if ?\ ha/ n[ left no bliss to cr[n me4 ,lead on ,i ?\ ha/ ?y sorr[ /ill6#h ,:5 ,a*illes *ose to be a day-lab\r] on e>? r ?an a k+ 9 ! realm ( ! %ades1 ! expression 0 a weak "o 9 comp>ison ) ?is passionate outbur/1 :i* p>adoxically ?ir/s ev5 = ! cup ( pa94 ,edu>d von ,h>tmann believes 9 a beg9n+ & end ( ! _w process4 ,he concludes t no et]nity c lie beh9d u2 o!rwise ev]y?+ possible mu/ already h happ5$1 :i*--accord+ to 8 cont5tion--is n ! case4 ,9 %>p contra/ to him1 on ?is po9t z on o!rs1 ,z>a?u/ra tea*es1 )1 be x said1 a some:at %all[ my/icism--:i* is d]iv$ f ! anci5t ,py?agoreans' idea ( ! circul> c\rse ( hi/ory & is influ5c$ by ,cohelet's ,hebrew philosophy ( life--! et]nal recurr5ce2 t is to say1 t all ?+s et]nally return & we ourselves ) !m1 t we h already exi/$ an inf9ite numb] ( times & all ?+s ) u4 ,! great clock ( ! univ]se is to him an h\r-glass1 :i* is con/antly turn$ & runs out aga9 & aga94 ,?is is ! direct anti!sis ( ,h>tmann's doctr9e ( univ]sal de/ruction1 & curi\sly en\gh x 0 put =w>d at ab\t ! same "t by two ,fr5* ?9k]s3 by ,blanqui 9 ,l't]nit p> les ,a/res 7#ahga71 & by ,gu/ave ,le ,bon 9 ,l',homme et les ,socits 7#ahha74 ,at 8 dea? ,z>a?u/ra w say3 ,n[ ,i disappe> & die2 9 a mom5t ,i %all be no?+1 = ! s\l is mortal z ! body2 b ! complex ( causes 9 :i* ,i am involv$ w return1 & x w cont9ually reproduce me4 ,at ! close ( ! ?ird "p ( ,z>a?u/ra !re is a *apt] head$ ,! ,second ,dance ,song4 ,dance1 9 ,nietzs*e's language1 is always an expression = ! l(ty lightness ( m9d1 :i* is exalt$ above ! gravity ( e>? & above all /upid s]i\sness4 ,?is song1 extremely rem>kable 9 its language1 is a good specim5 ( ! /yle ( ! "w1 :5 x so>s into its highe/ flights ( poetry4 ,life appe>s to ,z>a?u/ra z a woman2 %e /rikes h] ca/anets & he dances ) h]1 fl++ out all 8 wra? ) life & all 8 love ( life4 ,lately look$ ,i into ?9e eyes1 ,o ,life6 ,gold saw ,i gleam+ 9 ?y night-eye--my he>t /ood /ill ) ! joy ( x4 ,a gold5 skiff saw ,i gleam+ ^u %ad[y wat]s1 a s9k+1 dr9k+1 rebl9k+1 gold5 sw++-skiff4 ,at my foot1 danc+-mad1 did/ ?\ ca/ a glance1 a laugh+1 que/ion+1 melt+1 sw++-glance4 ,twice only did ?y little h&s /rike ! ca/anets --!n 0 my foot sw++ 9 ! madness ( ! dance4 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999999999 9999999999999999999999999999999999 ,i fe> !e ne>1 ,i love !e f>2 ?y flight allure? me1 ?y seek+ secure? me2 ,i suff]1 b = !e1 :at w\ld ,i n gladly be>6 ,= !e1 ^: coldness inflame?1 ^: hatr$ mis-leade?1 ^: flight en*a9e?1 ^: mock]y pleade?6 ,:o w\ld n hate !e1 ?\ great b9dress1 inw9dress1 temptress1 seekress1 f9dress6 ,:o w\ld n love !e1 ?\ innoc5t1 impati5t1 w9d-swift1 *ild-ey$ s9n]6 ,9 ?is dialogue betwe5 ! danc]s1 ,life & h] lov]1 ^! words occur3 ,o ,z>a?u/ra1 ?\ art f> f lov+ me z de>ly z ?\ saye/2 ?\ art n fai?ful en\gh to me4 ,!re is an old1 heavy boom+-clock2 x boome? by night up to ?y cave4 ,:5 ?\ he>e/ ?is clock at midnight1 !n do/ ?\ ?9k until noon t soon ?\ wilt =sake me4 ,& !n foll[s1 9 conclusion1 ! song ( ! old midnight clock4 ,b 9 ! f\r? "p ( ! "w1 9 ! section call$ ,! ,sleepwalk]'s ,song1 ?is %ort /rophe is int]pret$ l9e by l9e2 9 =m half l a m$ival wat*man's *ant1 half l ! hymn ( a my/ic1 x conta9s ! my/]i\s _s ( ,nietzs*e's esot]ic doctr9e conc5trat$ 9 ! %orte/ =mula-- ,midnight is draw+ on1 & z my/]i\sly1 z t]ribly1 & z cordially z ! midnight bell speake? to ,z>a?u/ra1 s calle? he to ! high] m53 ,at midnight _m a ?+ is he>d :i* may n be he>d by day2 & ! midnight speake?3 ,o man1 take he$6 ,:i!r ha? "t gone8 ,h ,i n sunk into deep wells8 ,! _w sleepe?4 ,& %udd]+ x aske?3 ,:o is to be ma/] ( ! _w8 ,:at sai? ! deep midnight8 ,! bell boome?1 ! wood-worm burr[e?1 ! he>t-worm gnawe?3 ,ah6 ! _w is deep4 ,b ! old bell is l a sonor\s in/rum5t2 all pa9 ha? bitt5 into its he>t1 ! pa9 ( fa!rs & =efa!rs2 & all joy ha? set x sw++1 ! joy ( fa!rs & =efa!rs--!re rise? f ! bell an od\r ( et]nity1 a rosy-bless$1 gold5-w9e p]fume ( old happ9ess1 & ?is song3 ,! _w is deep1 & deep] ?an ! day _h ?\ght4 ,i am too pure = ! rude h&s ( ! day4 ,! pure/ %all be ma/]s ( ! _w1 ! unackn[l$g$1 ! /ronge/1 ! midnight-s\ls1 :o are bright] & deep] ?an any day4 ,deep is its woe4 ,b joy goe? deep] ?an he>t's grief4 ,= grief sai?3 ,break1 my he>t6 ,fly away1 my pa96 ,woe sai?3 ,begone6 ,b1 ye high] m51 said ye ev] ,yea to a s+le joy1 !n said ye also ,yea unto all woe4 ,= joy & woe are l9k$1 enam\r$1 insep>able4 ,& all beg9ne? aga91 all is et]nal4 ,all joys desire et]nity1 deep1 deep1 et]nity4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! midnight song-- ,oh ,m5s*6 ,gieb ,a*t6 ,0 spri*t die tiefe ,mitt]na*t8 ',i* s*lief1 i* s*lief-- ,aus tiefem ,traum b9 i* erwa*t3-- ,die ,welt i/ tief1 ,und tief] als d] ,tag g$a*t4 ,tief i/ ihr ,weh-- ,lu/--tief] no* als ,h]zeleid3 ,weh spri*t3 ,v]geh6 ,do* alle ,lu/ w ,ewigkeit-- --w tiefe1 tiefe ,ewigkeit6' #h ,translat$ by ,h]man ,s*effau]4 ,text & pian(orte score are giv5 9 ,vol4 ,,xvii 7,ecce ,homo7 ( ! ,engli% edition ( ,nietzs*e's works4 #f4 ,su* is he1 !n1 ?is w>like my/ic1 poet & ?9k]1 ?is immorali/ :o is nev] tir$ ( prea*+4 ,com+ to him fre% f ! ,engli% philosoph]s1 "o feels transport$ to ano!r _w4 ,! ,engli%m5 are all pati5t spirits1 ^: natural b5t is t[>ds ! accumulation & inve/igation ( a mass ( small facts 9 ord] !reby to discov] a law4 ,! be/ ( !m are ,ari/otelian m9ds4 ,few ( !m fasc9ate u p]sonally or seem to be ( v complex p]sonality4 ,_! influ5ce lies m 9 :at !y d ?an 9 :at !y are4 ,nietzs*e1 on ! o!r h&1 l ,s*op5hau]1 is a guess]1 a se]1 an arti/1 less int]e/+ 9 :at he does ?an 9 :at he is4 ,little z he feels himself a ,g]man1 he nev]!less cont9ues ! metaphysical & intuitive tradition ( ,g]man philosophy & has ! ,g]man ?9k]'s pr(\nd dislike ( any utilit>ian po9t ( view4 ,9 8 passionate aphori/ical =m he is unque/ionably orig9al2 9 ! sub/ance ( 8 ?\ght he rem9ds "o "h & !re ( _m ano!r writ]1 bo? ( contempor>y ,g]many & ( ,france2 b he evid5tly reg>ds1 x z p]fectly absurd t he %\ld h to ?ank a contempor>y = any?+1 & /orms l a ,g]man at all ^? :o resemble him 9 any po9t4 ,i h already m5tion$ h[ /rongly he rem9ds "o ( ,erne/ ,r5an 9 8 conception ( culture & 9 8 hope ( an ari/ocracy ( intellect t c\ld seize ! dom9ion ( ! _w4 ,nev]!less he has n "o appreciative ^w to say = ,r5an4 ,i h also allud$ to ! fact t ,edu>d von ,h>tmann 0 8 pr$ecessor 9 8 fight aga9/ ,s*op5hau]'s morality ( pity4 ,9 ?is au?or1 ^: tal5t is indisputable1 ev5 ?\gh 8 importance may n correspond ) 8 extraord9>y reputation1 ,nietzs*e1 ) ! uncritical inju/ice ( a ,g]man univ]sity pr(essor1 w\ld only see a *>latan4 ,h>tmann's nature is ( heavi] /uff ?an ,nietzs*e's4 ,he is pond]\s1 self-complac5t1 fundam5tally ,teutonic1 &1 9 contra/ to ,nietzs*e1 entirely unaffect$ by ,fr5* _s & s\!rn sun%9e4 ,b !re are po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 !m1 :i* are due to hi/orical conditions 9 ! ,g]many t re>$ !m bo?4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re 0 some?+ analog\s 9 _! positions 9 life1 s9ce bo? z artill]ym5 _h gone ?r\gh a simil> s*ool+2 & 9 ! second place1 9 _! culture1 inasmu* z ! />t+-po9t ( bo? is ,s*op5hau] & bo? nev]!less reta9 a great respect = ,hegel1 ?us unit+ ^! two ho/ile bro!rs 9 _! v5]ation4 ,!y are fur!r 9 agreem5t 9 _! equally e/rang$ attitude to ,*ri/ian piety & ,*ri/ian morality1 z well z 9 _! contempt1 s *>act]i/ic ( mod]n ,g]many1 = e k9d ( democracy4 ,nietzs*e resembles ,h>tmann 9 8 attacks on sociali/s & an>*i/s1 ) ! diff]5ce t ,h>tmann's attitude is "h m t ( ! savant1 :ile ,nietzs*e has ! bad ta/e to delight 9 talk+ ab\t an>*i/ dogs1 express+ 9 ! same brea? 8 own loa?+ ( ! ,/ate4 ,nietzs*e fur!r resembles ,h>tmann 9 8 repeat$ demon/ration ( ! impossibility ( ! ideals ( equality & ( peace1 s9ce life is no?+ b inequality & w>3 ,:at is good8 ,to be brave is good4 ,i d n say1 ! good cause sanctifies w>1 b ! good w> sanctifies e cause4 ,l 8 pr$ecessor1 he dwells on ! necessity ( ! /ruggle = p[] & on ! suppos$ value ( w> to culture4 ,9 bo? ^! au?ors1 comp>atively indep5d5t z !y are1 ! "o a my/ical natural philosoph]1 ! o!r a my/ical immorali/1 is reflect$ ! all-dom9at+ milit>ism ( ! new ,g]man ,empire4 ,h>tmann approa*es on _m po9ts ! ,g]man snobbi% national feel+4 ,nietzs*e is oppos$ to x on pr9ciple1 z he is to ! /atesman :o has pil$ up = ! ,g]mans a new t[] ( ,babel1 a mon/] 9 ext5t ( t]ritory & p[] & = t reason call$ great1 b some?+ ( ,bism>ck's _s broods nev]!less ov] ! works ( bo?4 ,z reg>ds ! "q ( w>1 ! only diff]5ce betwe5 !m is t ,nietzs*e does n desire w> = ! sake ( a fanta/ic r$emption ( ! _w1 b 9 ord] t manl9ess may n become ext9ct4 ,9 8 contempt = woman & 8 abuse ( h] ef=ts = emancipation ,nietzs*e aga9 agrees ) ,h>tmann1 ?\gh only 9 s f> z bo? "h recall ,s*op5hau]1 ^: e*o ,h>tmann is 9 ?is connection4 ,b :]eas ,h>tmann is "h only a moralis+ doctr9aire ) a some:at (f5sive da% ( p$antry1 "o c trace b5ea? ,nietzs*e's attacks on ! female sex t subtle s5se ( woman's dang]\sness :i* po9ts to pa9ful exp]i5ce4 ,he does n seem to h kn[n _m wom51 b ^? he did "k1 he evid5tly lov$ & hat$1 b above all despis$4 ,aga9 & aga9 he returns to ! unfitness ( ! free & great _s = m>riage4 ,9 _m ( ^! utt]ances !re is a /rongly p]sonal note1 especially 9 ^? :i* p]si/5tly ass]t ! necessity ( a solit>y life = a ?9k]4 ,b z reg>ds ! less p]sonal argum5ts ab\t woman1 old-_w ,g]many "h speaks ?r\gh ! m\? ( ,nietzs*e1 z ?r\gh t ( ,h>tmann2 ! ,g]many ^: wom51 9 contra/ to ^? ( ,france & ,engl&1 h = c5turies be5 relegat$ to ! dome/ic & /rictly private life4 ,we may recognise 9 ^! ,g]man writ]s g5]ally t !y h an eye = ! pr(\nd antagonism & p]petual w> betwe5 ! sexes1 :i* ,/u>t ,mill nei!r saw nor und]/ood4 ,b ! inju/ice to man & ! r tame fairness to woman1 9 :i* ,mill's admirable emancipatory attempt occasionally results1 is nev]!less greatly to be pref]r$ to ,nietzs*e's brutal unfairness1 :i* ass]ts t 9 our treatm5t ( wom5 we ought to return to ! va/ common s5se ( old ,asia4 ,f9ally1 9 8 conflict ) pessimism ,nietzs*e _h ,eug5 ,dhr+ 7especially 9 8 ,w]? des ,leb5s7 z a =]unn]1 & ?is circum/ance seems to h inspir$ him ) s mu* ill-w1 s mu* exasp]ation inde$1 t 9 a polemic n[ op51 n[ disguis$1 he calls ,dhr+ 8 ape4 ,dhr+ is a horror to him z a plebeian1 z an ,antisemite1 z ! apo/le ( rev5ge1 & z ! disciple ( ! ,engli%m5 & ( ,comte2 b ,nietzs*e has n a ^w to say ab\t ,dhr+'s v rem>kable qualities1 to :i* su* epi!ts z ^! d n apply4 ,b we c easily und]/&1 tak+ ,nietzs*e's own de/9y into consid]ation1 t ,dhr+1 ! bl9d man1 ! neglect$ ?9k] :o despises (ficial s*ol>s1 ! philosoph] :o tea*es outside ! univ]sities1 :o1 9 spite ( be+ s little pamp]$ by life1 l\dly proclaims 8 love ( life--%\ld appe> to ,nietzs*e z a c>icature ( himself4 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 no reason = 8 n[ & !n adopt+ ,dhr+'s abusive tone4 ,& x mu/ be confess$ t1 mu* z ,nietzs*e wi%$ to be :at1 = t matt]1 he 0--a ,poli% szla*cic1 a ,european man ( ! _w & a cosmopolitan ?9k]--9 "o respect he always rema9$ ! ,g]man pr(essor3 9 ! rude abuse 9 :i* 8 uncontroll$ hatr$ ( rivals f\nd v5t2 &1 aft] all1 8 only rivals z a mod]n ,g]man philosoph] 7 ,h>tmann & ,dhr+4 ,x is /range t ?is man1 :o le>n$ su* an imm5se am\nt f ,fr5* morali/s & psy*ologi/s l ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ,*am=t & ,/5dhal1 0 able to acquire s little ( ! self-control ( _! =m4 ,he 0 nev] subject$ to ! re/ra9t :i* ! lit]>y tone ( ,france imposes ^u e writ] z reg>ds ! m5tion & exhibition ( 8 own p]son4 ,= a long "t he seems to h /riv5 to discov] himself & to become completely himself4 ,9 ord] to f9d himself he crept into 8 solitude1 z ,z>a?u/ra into 8 cave4 ,by ! "t he _h succe$$ 9 arriv+ at full indep5d5t developm5t & felt ! ri* fl[ ( individual ?\ght )9 him1 he _h lo/ all ext]nal /&>ds = measur+ 8 own value2 all bridges to ! _w ar\nd him 7 brok5 d[n4 ,! fact t no recognition came f )\t only aggravat$ 8 self-e/eem4 ,! fir/ glimm] ( recognition fur!r exalt$ ?is self-e/eem4 ,at la/ x clos$ above 8 head & d>k5$ ?is r>e & comm&+ intellect4 ,z he /&s disclos$ 9 8 incomplet$ life-"w1 he is a writ] well wor? /udy+4 ,my pr9cipal reason = call+ att5tion to him is t ,sc&9avian lit]ature appe>s to me to h be5 liv+ q long en\gh on ! ideas t 7 put =w>d & discuss$ 9 ! la/ decade4 ,x looks z ?\gh ! p[] ( conceiv+ great ideas 7 on ! wane1 & ev5 z ?\gh receptivity = !m 7 fa/ vani%+2 p are /ill busy ) ! same doctr9es1 c]ta9 !ories ( h]$ity1 a little ,d>w9ism1 a little emancipation ( woman1 a little morality ( happ9ess1 a little free?\ght1 a little wor%ip ( democracy1 etc4 ,& z to ! culture ( our cultur$ p1 ! level repres5t$ approximately by ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes ?reat5s to become ! high-wat] m>k ( ta/e4 ,x does n seem yet to h dawn$ on ! be/ among u t ! f9]1 ! only true culture beg9s on ! f> side ( ! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes 9 ! great p]sonality1 ri* 9 ideas4 ,! intellectual developm5t ( ,sc&9avia has advanc$ comp>atively rapidly 9 its lit]ature4 ,we h se5 great au?ors rise above all or?odoxy1 ?\gh !y began by be+ p]fectly simple-he>t$ believ]s4 ,?is is v hon\rable1 b 9 ! case ( ^? :o _c rise high] /ill1 x is nev]!less r meagre4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! 'sev5ties x became cle> to almo/ all ,sc&9avian au?ors t x w\ld no long] d to g on writ+ on ! basis ( ! ,augsburg ,confession4 ,"s quietly dropp$ x1 o!rs oppos$ x m or less noisily2 :ile mo/ ( ^? :o ab&on$ x entr5*$ !mselves aga9/ ! public1 & to "s ext5t aga9/ ! bad consci5ce ( _! own *ildhood1 beh9d ! e/abli%$ ,prote/ant morality2 n[ & !n1 inde$1 beh9d a good1 ev]yday s\p-/ock morality--,i call x ?us because s _m a s\p has be5 s]v$ f x4 ,b be t z x may1 attacks on exi/+ prejudices & def5ce ( exi/+ in/itutions ?reat5 at pres5t to s9k into "o & ! same commonplace famili>ity4 ,soon1 ,i believe1 we %all once m receive a lively impression t art _c re/ cont5t ) ideas & ideals = ! av]age m$iocrity1 any m ?an ) remnants ( ! old' cate*isms2 b t great art dem&s intellects t /& on a level ) ! mo/ individual p]sonalities ( contempor>y ?\ght1 9 exceptionality1 9 indep5d5ce1 9 defiance & 9 ari/ocratic self-supremacy4 ,,ii ,,decemb] #ahii ,m ?an t5 ye>s h gone by s9ce ,i fir/ call$ att5tion to ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e4 ,my essay on ,ari/ocratic ,radicalism 0 ! fir/ /udy ( any l5g? to be devot$1 9 ! :ole ( ,europe1 to ?is man1 ^: "n has s9ce fl[n r\nd ! _w & is at ?is mom5t "o ( ! mo/ fam\s among our contempor>ies4 ,?is ?9k]1 !n almo/ unkn[n & seldom m5tion$1 became1 a few ye>s lat]1 ! fa%ionable philosoph] 9 e c\ntry ( ,europe1 & ?is :ile ! great man1 to ^: lot _h sudd5ly fall5 ! univ]sal fame he _h s passionately desir$1 liv$ on )\t a suspicion ( x all1 a liv+ corpse cut (f f ! _w by incurable insanity4 ,beg9n+ ) 8 native l&1 :i* s long z he reta9$ 8 p[]s nev] gave him a sign ( recognition1 8 writ+s h n[ made _! way 9 e c\ntry4 ,ev5 9 ,france1 usually s lo? to admit =eign1 & especially ,g]man1 influ5ce1 8 "* & 8 doctr9e h be5 /udi$ & exp\nd$ aga9 & aga94 ,9 ,g]many1 z well z outside x1 a sort ( s*ool has be5 =m$1 :i* appeals to 8 au?ority & n unfrequ5tly compromises him1 or r itself1 a good deal4 ,! opposition to him is conduct$ sometimes 7z by ,ludwig ,/e97 on s]i\s & sci5tific l9es1 al?\gh f n>r[ p$agogic premises2 sometimes 7z by ,h]r ,max ,nordau7 ) sorry weapons & ) ! assum$ sup]iority ( presumptu\s m$iocrity4 ,int]e/+ articles & books on ,nietzs*e h be5 writt5 by ,pet] ,ga/ & ,l\ von ,salom 9 ,g]man & by ,h5ri ,li*t5b]g] 9 ,fr5*2 & 9 addition ,nietzs*e's si/]1 ,frau ,elisabe? ,fr/]-,nietzs*e1 has n only publi%$ an excell5t edition ( 8 collect$ works 7includ+ 8 y\?ful sket*es71 b has writt5 8 ,life 7& publi%$ 8 ,correspond5ce74 ,my old essay on ,nietzs*e has ?us long ago be5 out/ripp$ by lat] works1 ! writ]s ( :i* 7 able to take a k ( ,nietzs*e's "w = grant$ & !re=e to exam9e 8 writ+s )\t at ! same "t hav+ to acqua9t ! read] ) _! cont5ts4 ,t essay1 x may be rememb]$1 occasion$ an ex*ange ( words betwe5 ,pr(4 ,hffd+ & myself1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ,i _h ! opportunity ( express+ my own views m cle>ly & ( %[+ :at po9ts !y _h 9 common ) ,nietzs*e's1 & :]e !y div]g$ f 84#a ,z1 ( c\rse1 ^! polemical utt]ances ( m9e 7 n translat$ into =eign languages1 no notice 0 tak5 ( !m any:]e abroad4 ,! fir/ essay itself1 on ! o!r h&1 :i* 0 soon translat$1 br\ght me 9 a numb] ( attacks1 :i* gradually acquir$ a p]fectly /]eotyp$ =mula4 ,9 an article by a ,g]manis$ ,sw$e1 :o want$ to be specially spiteful1 ,i 0 prais$ = hav+ 9 t essay brok5 ) my pa/ & resolutely r5\nc$ ! set ( lib]al op9ions & ideas ,i _h hi!rto *ampion$4 ,:atev] else ,i might be blam$ =1 x _h to be ackn[l$g$ t twice 9 my life ,i _h be5 ! spokesman ( ,g]man ideas1 9 my y\? ( ,hegel's & 9 my matur] ye>s ( ,nietzs*e's4 ,9 a book by a noisy ,g]man *>latan liv+ 9 ,p>is1 ,h]r ,nordau1 x 0 %ortly aft]w>ds ass]t$ t if ,dani% p>5ts c\ld guess :at ,i 0 really tea*+ _! *ildr5 at ! ,univ]sity ( ,cop5hag51 !y w\ld kill me 9 ! /reet--a d[nright incitem5t to murd]1 :i* 0 all ! m comic 9 its pretext1 z admission to my lectures has always be5 op5 to ev]ybody1 ! great] "p ( ^! lectures has appe>$ 9 pr9t1 &1 f9ally1 tw5ty ye>s ago ! p>5ts us$ v frequ5tly to come & he> me4 ,x 0 repeat$ 9 ! same qu>t] t aft] be+ a foll[] ( ,/u>t ,mill1 ,i _h 9 t essay turn$ my back on my pa/1 s9ce ,i _h n[ appe>$ z an adh]5t ( ,nietzs*e4 ,?is la/ /atem5t 0 aft]w>ds copi$ 9 a v *ildi% book by a ,vi5nese lady :o1 )\t a notion ( ! actual facts1 writes away1 ye> 91 ye> out1 on ,sc&9avian lit]ature = ! b5efit ( ! ,g]man public4 ,?is nons5se 0 f9ally disgorg$ once m 9 #ahii by ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,ips51 :o contribut$ to ! ,london ,a!num surveys ( ,dani% lit]ature1 among ! virtues ( :i* imp>tiality did n f9d a place4 ,9 ! face ( ^! con/antly repeat$ ass]tions f abroad1 ,i may be p]mitt$ to make x cle> once m--z ,i h already %[n 9 ,tilsku]5 9 #ahij 7p4 #bei7--t my pr9ciples h n be5 9 ! slighte/ way modifi$ ?r\gh contact ) ,nietzs*e4 ,:5 ,i became acqua9t$ ) him ,i 0 long pa/ ! age at :i* x is possible to *ange "o's fundam5tal view ( life4 ,moreov]1 ,i ma9ta9$ _m ye>s ago1 9 reply to my ,dani% oppon5ts1 t my fir/ ?\ght ) reg>d to a philosophical book 0 by no means to ask :e!r :at x conta9s is "r or wrong3 ,i g /raight ?r\gh ! book to ! man beh9d x4 ,& my fir/ "q is ?is3 ,:at is ! value ( ?is man1 is he int]e/+1 or n8 ,if he is1 !n 8 books are und\bt$ly wor? kn[+4 ,que/ions ( "r or wrong are seldom applicable 9 ! highe/ intellectual sph]es1 & _! answ]+ is n unfrequ5tly ( relatively small importance4 ,! fir/ l9es ,i wrote ab\t ,nietzs*e 7 !re=e to ! effect t he des]v$ to be /udi$ & conte/$4 ,i rejoic$ 9 him1 z ,i rejoice 9 e p[]ful & uncommon individuality4 ,& ?ree ye>s lat] ,i repli$ to ! attack ( a wor?y & able ,swiss pr(essor1 :o _h br&$ ,nietzs*e z a reaction>y & a cynic1 9 ^! words1 among/ o!rs3 ,no mature read] /udies ,nietzs*e ) ! lat5t design ( adopt+ 8 op9ions1 /ill less ) t ( propagat+ !m4 ,we are n *ildr5 9 se>* ( in/ruction1 b sceptics 9 se>* ( m51 & we rejoice :5 we h f\nd a man--! r>e/ ?+ !re is4 ,x seems to me t ?is is n exactly ! language ( an adh]5t1 & t my critics might sp>e "s ( _! p[d] & %ot z reg>ds my r5unciation ( ideas4 ,x is a nuisance to be =c$ n[ & !n to reply 9 p]son to all ! allegations t are accumulat$ aga9/ "o ye> by ye> 9 ! ,european press2 b :5 o!rs nev] write a s5sible ^w ab\t "o1 x becomes an obligation at times to /& up = "o's self4 ,my p]sonal connection ) ,nietzs*e began ) 8 s5d+ me 8 book1 ,beyond ,good & ,evil4 ,i read x1 receiv$ a /rong impression1 ?\gh n a cle> or decid$ "o1 & did no?+ fur!r ab\t x--= "o reason1 because ,i receive e day f> too _m books to be able to ackn[l$ge !m4 ,b z 9 ! foll[+ ye> ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals 0 s5t me by ! au?or1 & z ?is book 0 n only mu* cle>] 9 itself1 b also ?rew new light on ! e>li] "o1 ,i wrote ,nietzs*e a few l9es ( ?anks1 & ?is l$ to a correspond5ce :i* 0 int]rupt$ by ,nietzs*e's attack ( insanity ?irte5 mon?s lat]4 ,! lett]s he s5t me 9 t la/ ye> ( 8 consci\s life appe> to me to be ( no little psy*ological & biographical int]e/4 #a ,see ,tilsku]5 7,cop5hag57 = ,augu/ & ,novemb]-,decemb] #ahhi1 ,janu>y1 ,febru>y-,m>*1 ,april & ,may #ahij4 ,,correspond5ce ,,betwe5 ,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,& ,,george ,,br&es #a4 ,,br&es to ,,nietzs*e4 ,cop5hag51 ,nov4 #bf1 #ahhg4 ,,de> ,,sir1 ,a ye> ago ,i receiv$ ?r\gh y\r publi%] y\r "w ,beyond ,good & ,evil2 ! o!r day y\r late/ book rea*$ me 9 ! same way4 ,( y\r o!r books ,i h ,human1 all-too-,human4 ,i _h j s5t ! two volumes ,i possess to ! b9d]1 :5 ,! ,g5ealogy ( ,morals arriv$1 s t ,i h n be5 able to comp>e x ) ! e>li] works1 z ,i mean to d4 ,by degrees ,i %all read ev]y?+ ( y\rs att5tively4 ,?is "t1 h[ev]1 ,i am anxi\s to express at once my s9c]e ?anks = ! book s5t4 ,x is an hon\r to me to be kn[n to y1 & kn[n 9 su* a way t y %\ld wi% to ga9 me z a read]4 ,a new & orig9al _s brea!s to me f y\r books4 ,i d n yet fully und]/& :at ,i h read2 ,i _c always see y\r int5tion4 ,b ,i f9d mu* t h>monises ) my own ideas & sympa?ies1 ! depreciation ( ! ascetic ideals & ! pr(\nd disgu/ ) democratic m$iocrity1 y\r ari/ocratic radicalism4 ,y\r contempt = ! morality ( pity is n yet cle> to me4 ,!re 7 also 9 ! o!r "w "s reflections on wom5 9 g5]al :i* did n agree ) my own l9e ( ?\ght4 ,y\r nature is s absolutely diff]5t f m9e t x is n easy = me to feel at home4 ,9 spite ( y\r univ]sality y are v ,g]man 9 y\r mode ( ?9k+ & writ+4 ,y are "o ( ! few p ) :om ,i %\ld enjoy a talk4 ,i "k no?+ ab\t y4 ,i see ) a/oni%m5t t y are a pr(essor & doctor4 ,i congratulate y 9 any case on be+ intellectually s little ( a pr(essor4 ,i d n "k :at y h read ( m9e4 ,my writ+s only attempt ! solution ( mode/ problems4 ,= ! mo/ "p !y are only to be _h 9 ,dani%4 ,= _m ye>s ,i h n writt5 ,g]man4 ,i h my be/ public 9 ! ,slavonic c\ntries1 ,i believe4 ,i h lectur$ 9 ,w>saw = two ye>s 9 succession1 & ?is ye> 9 ,pet]sburg & ,mosc[1 9 ,fr5*4 ,?us ,i endeav\r to break ?r\gh ! n>r[ limits ( my native l&4 ,al?\gh no long] "y1 ,i am /ill "o ( ! mo/ inquisitive ( m5 & "o ( ! mo/ eag] to le>n4 ,y w !re=e n f9d me clos$ aga9/ y\r ideas1 ev5 :5 ,i diff] f y 9 ?\ght & feel+4 ,i am (t5 /upid1 b nev] 9 ! lea/ n>r[4 ,let me h ! pleasure ( a few l9es if y ?9k x wor? ! tr\ble4 ,y\rs gratefully1 ,,george ,,br&es4 #b4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 ,nice1 ,dec4 #b1 #ahhg4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,a few read]s :om "o hon\rs & beyond !m no read]s at all--t is really :at ,i desire4 ,z reg>ds ! latt] "p ( ?is wi%1 ,i am b\nd to say my hope ( its realisation is gr[+ less & less4 ,all ! m happy am ,i 9 satis sunt pauci1 t ! pauci d n fail & h nev] fail$ me4 ,( ! liv+ among/ !m ,i w m5tion 7to "n only ^? :om y are c]ta9 to "k7 my di/+ui%$ fri5d ,jakob ,burkh>dt1 ,hans von ,bl[1 ,h4 ,ta9e1 & ! ,swiss poet ,kell]2 ( ! dead1 ! old ,hegelian ,bruno ,bau] & ,ri*>d ,wagn]4 ,x gives me s9c]e pleasure t s good a ,european & mission>y ( culture z y\rself w 9 future be numb]$ among/ !m2 ,i ?ank y ) all my he>t = ?is pro( ( y\r goodwill4 ,i am afraid y w f9d x a difficult position4 ,i myself h no d\bt t my writ+s 9 "o way or ano!r are /ill v ,g]man4 ,y w1 ,i am sure1 feel ?is all ! m m>k$ly1 be+ s spoilt by y\rself2 ,i mean1 by ! free & graceful ,fr5* way 9 :i* y h&le ! language 7a m famili> way ?an m9e74 ,) me a great _m words h acquir$ an incru/ation ( =eign salts & ta/e diff]5tly on my tongue & on ^? ( my read]s4 ,on ! scale ( my exp]i5ces & circum/ances ! pr$om9ance is giv5 to ! r>]1 remot]1 m att5uat$ tones z aga9/ ! normal1 m$ial ones4 ,besides 7z an old musician1 :i* is :at ,i really am71 ,i h an e> = qu>t]-tones4 ,f9ally--& ?is probably does mo/ to make my books obscure--!re is 9 me a di/ru/ ( dialectics1 ev5 ( reasons4 ,:at a p]son already holds true or has n yet ackn[l$g$ z true2 seems to me to dep5d ma9ly on 8 c\rage1 on ! relative /r5g? ( 8 c\rage 7,i seldom h ! c\rage = :at ,i really "k74 ,! expression ,ari/ocratic ,radicalism1 :i* y employ1 is v good4 ,x is1 p]mit me to say1 ! clev]e/ ?+ ,i h yet read ab\t myself4 ,h[ f> ?is mode ( ?\ght has c>ri$ me already1 h[ f> x w c>ry me yet--,i am almo/ afraid to imag9e4 ,b !re are c]ta9 pa?s :i* d n all[ "o to g backw>d & s ,i g =w>d1 because ,i mu/4 ,t ,i may n neglect any?+ on my "p t might facilitate y\r access to my cave--t is1 my philosophy--my ,leipzig publi%] %all s5d y all my old] books en bloc4 ,i recomm5d y especially to read ! new prefaces to !m 7!y h ne>ly all be5 republi%$72 ^! prefaces1 if read 9 ord]1 w p]haps ?r[ "s light ^u me1 assum+ t ,i am n obscurity 9 itself 7obscure 9 myself7 z obscurissimus obscurorum virorum4 ,= t is q possible4 ,are y a musician8 ,a "w ( m9e = *orus & or*e/ra is j be+ publi%$1 a ,hymn to ,life4 ,?is is int5d$ to repres5t my music to po/]ity & "o day to be sung 9 my memory2 assum+ t !re is en\gh left ( me = t4 ,y see :at po/hum\s ?\ghts ,i h4 ,b a philosophy l m9e is l a grave--x takes "o f among ! liv+4 ,b5e vixit qui b5e latuit--0 inscrib$ on ,desc>tes' tomb/one4 ,:at an epitaph1 to be sure6 ,i too hope we may meet "s day1 ,y\rs1 ,,nietzs*e4 ,n4,b4--,i am /ay+ ?is w9t] at ,nice4 ,my summ] address is ,sils-,m>ia1 ,upp]-,engad9e1 ,switz]l&--,i h resign$ my pr(essor%ip at ! ,univ]sity4 ,i am ?ree p>ts bl9d4 #c4 ,,br&es to ,,nietzs*e4 ,cop5hag51 ,dec4 #ae1 #ahhg4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,! la/ words ( y\r lett] are ^? t h made mo/ impression on me2 ^? 9 :i* y tell me t y\r eyes are s]i\sly affect$4 ,h y consult$ good oculi/s1 ! be/8 ,x alt]s "o's :ole psy*ological life if "o _c see well4 ,y owe x to all :o hon\r y to d ev]y?+ possible = ! pres]vation & improvem5t ( y\r sight4 ,i h put (f answ]+ y\r lett] because y ann\nc$ ! s5d+ ( a p>cel ( books1 & ,i wi%$ to ?ank y = !m at ! same "t4 ,b z ! p>cel has n yet arriv$ ,i w s5d y a few words to-day4 ,i h y\r books back f ! b9d] & h gone into !m z deeply z ,i 0 able amid ! /ress ( prep>+ lectures & all k9ds ( lit]>y & political "w4 ,decemb] #ag4 ,i am q will+ to be call$ a good ,european1 less s to be call$ a mission>y ( culture4 ,i h a horror ( all mission>y ef=t--because ,i h come across none b moralis+ mission>ies--& ,i am afraid ,i d n altoge!r believe 9 :at is call$ culture4 ,our culture z a :ole _c inspire en?usiasm1 c x8 & :at w\ld a mission>y be )\t en?usiasm6 ,9 o!r words1 ,i am m isolat$ ?an y ?9k4 ,all ,i meant by be+ ,g]man 0 t y write m = y\rself1 ?9k m ( y\rself 9 writ+1 ?an = ! g5]al public2 :]eas mo/ non--,g]man writ]s h be5 oblig$ to =ce !mselves into a c]ta9 discipl9e ( /yle1 :i* no d\bt makes ! latt] cle>] & m pla/ic1 b necess>ily deprives x ( all pr(undity & compels ! writ] to keep to himself 8 mo/ intimate & be/ individuality1 ! anonym\s 9 him4 ,i h ?us be5 horrifi$ at times to see h[ little ( my inmo/ self is m ?an h9t$ at 9 my writ+s4 ,i am no connoisseur 9 music4 ,! arts ( :i* ,i h "s notion are sculpture & pa9t+2 ,i h to ?ank !m = my deepe/ arti/ic impressions4 ,my e> is undevelop$4 ,9 my "y days ?is 0 a great grief to me4 ,i us$ to play a good deal & work$ at ?or\gh-bass = a few ye>s1 b no?+ came ( x4 ,i c enjoy good music ke5ly1 b /ill am "o ( ! un9itiat$4 ,i ?9k ,i c trace 9 y\r works c]ta9 po9ts ( agreem5t ) my own ta/e3 y\r pr$ilection = ,beyle1 = in/ance1 & = ,ta9e2 b ! latt] ,i h n se5 = sev5te5 ye>s4 ,i am n s en?usia/ic ab\t 8 "w on ! ,revolution z y seem to be4 ,he deplores & h>angues an e>?quake4 ,i us$ ! expression ari/ocratic radicalism because x s exactly def9es my own political convictions4 ,i am a little hurt1 h[ev]1 at ! (fh& & impetu\s pron\ncem5ts aga9/ su*--ph5om5a z socialism & an>*ism 9 y\r works4 ,! an>*ism ( ,pr9ce ,kropotk91 = in/ance1 is no /upidity4 ,! "n1 ( c\rse1 is no?+4 ,y\r intellect1 :i* is usually s dazzl+1 seems to me to fall a trifle %ort :]e tru? is to be f\nd 9 a nuance4 ,y\r views on ! orig9 ( ! moral ideas int]e/ me 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,y %>e--to my delight$ a/oni%m5t--a c]ta9 repugnance :i* ,i feel = ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,) u he passes = ! god ( philosophy4 ,h[ev]1 x is z a rule a di/9ct m]it ) ^! ,engli%m5 t _! n v high-so>+ intellect %uns hypo!ses1 :]eas hypo!sis has de/roy$ ! supremacy ( ,g]man philosophy4 ,is n !re a great deal t is hypo!tical 9 y\r ideas ( ca/e di/9ctions z ! s\rce ( v>i\s moral concepts8 ,i "k ,re :om y attack1 h met him 9 ,b]l92 he 0 a quiet man1 r di/+ui%$ 9 8 be>+1 b a some:at dry & limit$ intellect4 ,he 0 liv+--accord+ to 8 own acc\nt1 z bro!r & si/]--) a q "y & intellig5t ,russian lady1 :o publi%$ a ye> or two ago a book call$ ,d] ,kampf um ,gott1 b ?is gives no idea ( h] g5u9e gifts4 ,i am look+ =w>d to receiv+ ! books y promise me4 ,i hope 9 future y w n lose sight ( me4 ,y\rs1 ,,george ,,br&es4 #d4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 ,nice1 ,jan4 #h1 #ahhh4 ,y %\ld n object to ! expression mission>y ( culture4 ,:at bett] way is !re ( be+ "o 9 our day ?an t ( missionis+ "o's disbelief 9 culture8 ,to h und]/ood t our ,european culture is a va/ problem & by no means a solution--is n su* a degree ( introspection & self-conque/ n[adays culture itself8 ,i am surpris$ my books h n yet rea*$ y4 ,i %all n omit to s5d a rem9d] to ,leipzig4 ,at ,*ri/mas "t ,messieurs ! publi%]s are apt to lose _! heads4 ,mean:ile may ,i be all[$ to br+ to y\r notice a d>+ curiosity ov] :i* no publi%] has au?ority1 an in$itum ( m9e t is among ! mo/ p]sonal ?+s ,i c %[4 ,x is ! f\r? "p ( my ,z>a?u/ra2 its prop] title1 ) reg>d to :at prec$es & foll[s x1 %\ld be-- ,z>a?u/ra's ,temptation ,an ,int]lude4 ,p]haps ?is is my be/ answ] to y\r "q ab\t my problem ( pity4 ,besides :i*1 !re are excell5t reasons = ga9+ admission to me by ?is p>ticul> secret door2 provid$ t "o crosses ! ?re%old ) y\r eyes & e>s4 ,y\r essay on ,zola rem9d$ me once m1 l ev]y?+ ,i h met ) ( y\rs 7! la/ 0 an essay 9 ! ,goe! ,ye>-book71 9 ! mo/ agreeable way ( y\r natural t5d5cy t[>ds e k9d ( psy*ological optics4 ,:5 work+ out ! mo/ difficult ma!matical problems ( ! me mod]ne y are z mu* 9 y\r elem5t z a ,g]man s*ol> 9 su* case is apt to be out ( 84 ,or d y p]haps ?9k m fav\rably ( pres5t-day ,g]mans8 ,x seems to me t !y become ye> by ye> m clumsy & rectangul> 9 rebus psy*ologicis 79 direct contra/ to ! ,p>isians1 ) :om ev]y?+ is becom+ nuance & mosaic71 s t all ev5ts bel[ ! surface escape _! notice4 ,= example1 my ,beyond ,good & ,evil--:at an awkw>d position x has put !m 96 ,n "o intellig5t ^w has rea*$ me ab\t ?is book1 let alone an intellig5t s5tim5t4 ,i d n believe ev5 ! mo/ well-dispos$ ( my read]s has discov]$ t he has "h to deal ) ! logical results ( a p]fectly def9ite philosophical s5sibility1 & n ) a m$ley ( a hundr$ promiscu\s p>adoxes & het]odoxies4 ,no?+ ( ! k9d has be5 exp]i5c$2 my read]s d n br+ to x a ?\s&? "p ( ! passion & suff]+ t is ne$$4 ,an immorali/6 ,?is does n sugge/ any?+ to !m4 ,by ! way1 ! ,gonc\rts 9 "o ( _! prefaces claim to h inv5t$ ! phrase docum5t huma94 ,b = all t ,m4 ,ta9e may well be its real orig9ator4 ,y are "r 9 :at y say ab\t h>angu+ an e>?quake 2 b su* ,quixotism is among ! mo/ hon\rable ?+s on ?is e>?4 ,) ! greate/ respect1 ,y\rs1 ,,nietzs*e4 #e4 ,,br&es to ,,nietzs*e4 ,cop5hag51 ,jan4 #aa1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,y\r publi%] has app>5tly =gott5 to s5d me y\r books1 b ,i h to-day receiv$ y\r lett] ) ?anks4 ,i take ! lib]ty ( s5d+ y h]e) "o ( my books 9 pro( 7because un=tunately ,i h no o!r copy at h&71 a collection ( essays int5d$ = export1 !re=e n my be/ w>es4 ,!y date f v>i\s times & are all too polite1 too laudatory1 too ideali/ic 9 tone4 ,i nev] really say all ,i ?9k 9 !m4 ,! pap] on ,ibs5 is no d\bt ! be/1 b ! translation ( ! v]ses1 :i* ,i _h done = me1 is un=tunately wret*$4 ,!re is "o ,sc&9avian writ] ^: works w\ld int]e/ y1 if only !y 7 translat$3 ,sr5 ,ki]kega>d2 he liv$ f #ahac to #ahee1 & is 9 my op9ion "o ( ! pr(\nde/ psy*ologi/s t h ev] exi/$4 ,a little book ,i wrote ab\t him 7translat$1 ,leipzig1 #ahgi7 gives no adequate idea ( 8 g5ius1 z x is a sort ( polemical pamphlet writt5 to c\nt]act 8 influ5ce4 ,b 9 a psy*ological respect x is1 ,i ?9k1 ! mo/ subtle ?+ ,i h publi%$4 ,! essay 9 ! ,goe! ,ye>-book 0 un=tunately %ort5$ by m ?an a ?ird1 z ! space _h be5 res]v$ = me4 ,x is a good deal bett] 9 ,dani%4 ,if y happ5 to read ,poli%1 ,i w s5d y a little book t ,i h publi%$ only 9 t language4 ,i see ! new ,rivi/a ,contemporanea ( ,flor5ce has pr9t$ a pap] ( m9e on ,dani% lit]ature4 ,y mu/ n read x4 ,x is full ( ! mo/ ridicul\s mi/akes4 ,x is translat$ f ! ,russian1 ,i mu/ tell y4 ,i _h all[$ x to be translat$ into ,russian f my ,fr5* text1 b c\ld n *eck ?is translation2 n[ x appe>s 9 ,italian f ! ,russian ) fre% absurdities2 among/ o!rs 9 ! names 7on acc\nt ( ! ,russian pronunciation71 ,g = ,h ?r\gh\t4 ,i am glad y f9d 9 me some?+ s]viceable to y\rself4 ,= ! la/ f\r ye>s ,i h be5 ! mo/ dete/$ man 9 ,sc&9avia4 ,e day ! pap]s rage aga9/ me1 especially s9ce my la/ long qu>rel ) ,bjrnson1 9 :i* ! moral ,g]man pap]s all took "p aga9/ me4 ,i d>e say y "k 8 absurd play1 ,a ,gauntlet1 8 propag&a = male virg9ity & 8 cov5ant ) ! spokeswom5 ( ! dem& = equality 9 morals4 ,any?+ l x 0 c]ta9ly unhe>d ( till n[4 ,9 ,sw$5 ^! insane wom5 h =m$ great leagues 9 :i* !y v[ only to m>ry virg9 m54 ,i suppose !y get a gu>antee ) !m1 l wat*es1 only ! gu>antee = ! future is n likely to be =?com+4 ,i h read ! ?ree books ( y\rs t ,i "k aga9 & aga94 ,!re are two or ?ree bridges lead+ f my inn] _w to y\rs3 ,cs>ism1 hatr$ ( p$antry1 a s5se = ,beyle1 etc41 b /ill mo/ ( x is /range to me4 ,our exp]i5ces appe> to be s inf9itely dissimil>4 ,y are )\t d\bt ! mo/ sugge/ive ( all ,g]man writ]s4 ,y\r ,g]man lit]ature6 ,i don't "k :at is ! matt] ) x4 ,i fancy all ! bra9s mu/ g into ! ,g5]al ,/aff or ! adm9i/ration4 ,! :ole life ( ,g]many & all y\r in/itutions are spread+ ! mo/ hide\s uni=mity1 & ev5 au?or%ip is /ifl$ by publi%+4 ,y\r oblig$ & respectful1 ,,george ,,br&es4 #f4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 ,nice1 ,feb4 #ai1 #ahhh4 ,y h laid me "u a mo/ agreeable obligation ) y\r contribution to ! idea ( ,mod]nity1 = x happ5s t ?is w9t] ,i am circl+ r\nd ?is p>am\nt problem ( values1 v mu* f above & 9 ! mann] ( a bird1 & ) ! be/ int5tion ( look+ d[n ^u ! mod]n _w ) z unmod]n an eye z possible4 ,i admire--let me confess x--! tol]ance ( y\r judgm5t1 z mu* z ! mod]ation ( y\r s5t5ces4 ,h[ y suff] ^! little *ildr5 to come unto y6 ,ev5 ,heyse6 ,on my next visit to ,g]many ,i propose to take up ! psy*ological problem ( ,ki]kega>d & at ! same "t to r5ew acqua9tance ) y\r old] lit]ature4 ,x w be ( use to me 9 ! be/ s5se ( ! ^w--& w s]ve to re/ore good hum\r to my own sev]ity & arrogance ( judgm5t4 ,my publi%] telegraph$ to me ye/]day t ! books _h gone to y4 ,i w sp>e y & myself ! /ory ( :y !y 7 delay$4 ,n[1 my de> ,sir1 may y put a good face on a bad b>ga91 ,i mean on ?is ,nietzs*e lit]ature4 ,i myself *]i% ! notion ( hav+ giv5 ! new ,g]mans ! ri*e/1 mo/ actual & mo/ indep5d5t books ( any !y possess2 also ( be+ 9 my own p]son a capital ev5t 9 ! crisis ( ! det]m9ation ( values4 ,b ?is may be an error2 &1 :at is m1 a piece ( fooli%ness--,i d n want to h to believe any?+ ( ! sort ab\t myself4 ,"o or two fur!r rem>ks3 !y conc]n my fir/l+s 7! ,juv5ilia & ,juv5alia74 ,! pamphlet aga9/ ,/rauss1 ! wick$ m]rymak+ ( a v free _s at ! exp5se ( "o :o ?\ght himself su*1 l$ to a t]rific sc&al2 ,i 0 already a ,pr(essor ,ord9>ius at ! "t1 !re=e 9 spite ( my tw5ty-sev5 ye>s a k9d ( au?ority & some?+ ackn[l$g$4 ,! mo/ unbiass$ view ( ?is affair1 9 :i* almo/ e notability took "p = or aga9/ me1 & 9 :i* an insane quantity ( pap] 0 cov]$ ) pr9t]'s ink1 is to be f\nd 9 ,k>l ,hillebr&'s ,zeit51 ,vlk] und ,m5s*51 second volume4 ,! tr\ble 0 n t ,i _h je]$ at ! s5ile bungl+ ( an em95t critic1 b t ,i _h caught ,g]man ta/e 9 flagranti 9 compromis+ ta/elessness2 = 9 spite ( all p>ty diff]5ces ( religion & !ology x _h unanim\sly admir$ ,/rauss's ,alt5 und ,neu5 ,glaub5 z a ma/]piece ( fre$om & subtlety ( ?\ght 7ev5 ! /yle674 ,my pamphlet 0 ! fir/ onslaught on ,g]man culture 7t culture :i* !y imag9$ to h ga9$ ! victory ov] ,france74 ,! ^w ,culture-,phili/9e1 :i* ,i !n inv5t$1 has rema9$ 9 ! language z a survival ( ! rag+ turmoil ( t polemic4 ,! two pap]s on ,s*op5hau] & ,ri*>d ,wagn] appe> to me to-day to conta9 self-confessions1 above all promises to myself1 r ?an any real psy*ology ( ^? two ma/]s1 :o are at ! same "t pr(\ndly relat$ & pr(\ndly antagoni/ic to me--7,i 0 ! fir/ to di/ill a sort ( unity out ( !m bo?2 at pres5t ?is sup]/ition is mu* to ! =e 9 ,g]man culture--t all ,wagn]ites are foll[]s ( ,s*op5hau]4 ,x 0 o!rwise :5 ,i 0 "y4 ,!n x 0 ! la/ ( ! ,hegelians :o adh]$ to ,wagn]1 & ,wagn] & ,hegel 0 /ill ! wat*word ( ! 'fifties74 ,betwe5 ,?\ghts out ( ,season & ,human1 all-too-,human !re lies a crisis & a sk9-ca/+4 ,physically too3 ,i liv$ = ye>s 9 extreme proximity to dea?4 ,?is 0 my great good =tune3 ,i =got myself1 ,i outliv$ myself 444 ,i h p]=m$ ! same trick once aga94 ,s n[ we h ea* pres5t$ gifts to ! o!r3 two travell]s1 x seems to me1 :o are glad to h met4 ,i rema91 ,y\rs mo/ s9c]ely1 ,,nietzs*e4 #g4 ,,br&es to ,,nietzs*e4 ,cop5hag51 ,m>* #g1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i imag9e y to be liv+ 9 f9e spr+ wea!r2 up "h we are buri$ 9 abom9able sn[drifts & h be5 cut (f f ,europe = sev]al days4 ,to make ?+s worse1 ,i h ?is ev5+ be5 talk+ to "s hundr$ imbeciles1 & ev]y?+ looks grey & dre>y ar\nd me1 s to revive my spirits a little ,i w ?ank y = y\r lett] ( ,febru>y #ai & y\r g5]\s pres5t ( books4 ,z ,i 0 too busy to write to y at once1 ,i s5t y a volume on ,g]man ,romanticism :i* ,i f\nd on my %elves4 ,i %\ld be v sorry1 h[ev]1 t y %\ld int]pret my s5d+ x o!rwise ?an z a sil5t expression ( ?anks4 ,! book 0 writt5 9 #ahgc & revis$ 9 #ahhf2 b my ,g]man publi%] has p]mitt$ himself a numb] ( l+ui/ic & o!r alt]ations1 s t ! fir/ two pages1 = in/ance1 are h>dly m9e at all4 ,:]ev] he does n und]/& my mean+1 he puts some?+ else1 & decl>es t :at ,i h writt5 is n ,g]man4 ,moreov]1 ! man promis$ to buy ! rights ( ! old translation ( my book1 b f v fooli% economy has n done s2 ! consequ5ce is t ! ,g]man c\rts h suppress$ my book 9 two in/ances z pirat$767--because ,i _h includ$ 9 x fragm5ts ( ! old translation--:ile ! real pirate is all[$ to sell my works freely4 ,! probable result ( ?is w be t ,i %all )draw entirely f ,g]man lit]ature4 ,i s5t t volume because ,i _h no o!r4 ,b ! fir/ "o on ! migrs1 ! f\r? on ! ,engli% & ! fif? on ! ,fr5* romantici/s are all f>1 f> bett]2 writt5 con amore4 ,! title ( ! book1 ,mod]ne ,gei/]1 is =tuit\s4 ,i h writt5 "s tw5ty volumes4 ,i want$ to put toge!r = abroad a volume on p]sonalities ^: names w\ld be famili>4 ,t is h[ x came ab\t4 ,"s ?+s 9 x h co/ a good deal ( /udy1 su* z ! pap] on ,tegnr1 :i* tells ! tru? ab\t him = ! fir/ "t4 ,ibs5 w c]ta9ly int]e/ y z a p]sonality4 ,un=tunately z a man he does n /& on ! same level t he rea*es z a poet4 ,intellectually he owes mu* to ,ki]kega>d1 & he is /ill /rongly p]meat$ by !ology4 ,bjrnson 9 8 late/ phase has become j an ord9>y lay-prea*]4 ,= m ?an ?ree ye>s ,i h n publi%$ a book2 ,i felt too unhappy4 ,^! ?ree ye>s h be5 among ! h>de/ ( my life1 & ,i see no sign ( ! approa* ( bett] times4 ,h[ev]1 ,i am n[ go+ to set ab\t ! publication ( ! six? volume ( my "w & ano!r book besides4 ,x w take a deal ( "t4 ,i 0 delight$ ) all ! fre% books1 turn+ !m ov] & read+ !m4 ,! y\?ful books are ( great value to me2 !y make x f> easi] to und]/& y2 ,i am n[ leisurely asc5d+ ! /eps t lead up to y\r intellect4 ,) ,z>a?u/ra ,i began too precipitately4 ,i pref] to advance upw>ds r ?an to dive head fir/ z ?\gh into a sea4 ,i knew ,hillebr&'s essay & read ye>s ago "s bitt] attacks on ! book ab\t ,/rauss4 ,i am grateful to y = ! ^w culture-phili/9e2 ,i _h no idea x 0 y\rs4 ,i take no (f5ce at ! criticism ( ,/rauss1 al?\gh ,i h feel+s ( piety = ! old g5tleman4 ,yet he 0 always ! ,tb+5 collegian4 ,( ! o!r works ,i h at pres5t only /udi$ ,! ,dawn ( ,day at all closely4 ,i believe ,i und]/& ! book ?or\ghly1 _m ( its ideas h also be5 m9e1 o!rs are new to me or put into a new %ape1 b n on t acc\nt /range to me4 ,"o solit>y rem>k1 s z n to make ?is lett] too long4 ,i am delight$ ) ! aphorism on ! haz>d ( m>riage 7,aphorism #aej74 ,b :y d y n dig deep] "h8 ,y speak some:]e ) a c]ta9 rev]5ce ( m>riage1 :i* by imply+ an emotional ideal has idealis$ emotion--"h1 h[ev]1 y are m blunt & =cible4 ,:y n = once say ! full tru? ab\t x8 ,i am ( op9ion t ! in/itution ( m>riage1 :i* may h be5 v useful 9 tam+ brutes1 causes m mis]y to mank9d ?an ev5 ! ,*ur* has done4 ,*ur*1 mon>*y1 m>riage1 prop]ty1 ^! are to my m9d f\r old v5]able in/itutions :i* mank9d w h to re=m f ! f\ndations 9 ord] to be able to brea! freely4 ,& ( ^! m>riage alone kills ! individuality1 p>alyses lib]ty & is ! embodim5t ( a p>adox4 ,b ! %ock+ ?+ ab\t x is t humanity is /ill too co>se to be able to %ake x (f4 ,! mo/ emancipat$ writ]s1 s call$1 /ill speak ( m>riage ) a dev\t & virtu\s air :i* madd5s me4 ,& !y ga9 _! po9t1 s9ce x is impossible to say :at "o c\ld put 9 its place = ! mob4 ,!re is no?+ else to be done b sl[ly to trans=m op9ion4 ,:at d y ?9k ab\t x8 ,i %\ld l v mu* to he> h[ x is ) y\r eyes4 ,i 0 glad to see h[ pla9 & cle> y\r writ+ is4 ,ext]nally1 ,i suppose1 y lead a calm & peaceful life d[n !re8 ,m9e is a life ( conflict :i* we>s "o out4 ,9 ^! realms ,i am ev5 m hat$ n[ ?an ,i 0 sev5te5 ye>s ago2 ?is is n pleasant 9 itself1 ?\gh x is gratify+ 9 s f> z x proves to me t ,i h n yet lo/ my vig\r nor come to t]ms on any po9t ) sov]eign m$iocrity4 ,y\r att5tive & grateful read]1 ,,george ,,br&es4 #h4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 ,nice1 ,m>* #bg1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i %\ld mu* h lik$ to ?ank y be=e ?is = s ri* & ?\ghtful a lett]3 b my heal? has be5 tr\bl+ me1 s t ,i h fall5 badly into arre>s ) all good ?+s4 ,9 my eyes1 ,i may say 9 pass+1 ,i h a dynamomet] = my g5]al /ate2 s9ce my heal? 9 ! ma9 has once m improv$1 !y h become /rong] ?an ,i _h ev] believ$ possible--!y h put to %ame ! prophecies ( ! v be/ ,g]man oculi/s4 ,if ,messieurs ,grfe et hoc g5us omne _h turn$ out "r1 ,i %\ld long ago h be5 bl9d4 ,z x is1 ,i h come to ,no4 #c spectacles--bad en\gh6--b ,i /ill see4 ,i speak ( ?is worry because y 7 sympa!tic en\gh to inquire ab\t x1 & because dur+ ! la/ few weeks my eyes h be5 p>ticul>ly weak & irritable4 ,i feel = y 9 ! ,nor?1 n[ s w9try & gloomy2 h[ does "o manage to keep "o's s\l erect !re8 ,i admire almo/ e man :o does n lose fai? 9 himself "u a cl\dy sky1 to say no?+ ( 8 fai? 9 humanity1 9 m>riage1 9 prop]ty1 9 ! ,/ate4 444 ,9 ,pet]sburg ,i %\ld be a nihili/3 "h ,i believe z a plant believes1 9 ! sun4 ,! sun ( ,nice--y _c call t a prejudice4 ,we h _h x at ! exp5se ( all ! re/ ( ,europe4 ,god1 ) ! cynicism peculi> to him1 lets x %9e ^u u idl]s1 philosoph]s & %>p]s m brightly ?an ^u ! f> wor?i] milit>y h]oes ( ! ,fa!rl&4 ,b !n1 ) ! in/9ct ( ! ,nor!rn]1 y h *os5 ! /ronge/ ( all /imulants to help y to endure life 9 ! ,nor?3 w>1 ! excitem5t ( aggression1 ! ,vik+ raid4 ,i div9e 9 y\r writ+s ! practis$ soldi]2 & n only m$iocrity1 b p]haps especially ! m indep5d5t or individual *>act]s ( ! ,nor!rn m9d may be con/antly *all5g+ y to fight4 ,h[ mu* ( ! p>son1 h[ mu* !ology is /ill left beh9d 9 all ?is idealism6444 ,to me x w\ld be /ill worse ?an a cl\dy sky1 to h to make oneself angry ov] ?+s :i* d n conc]n "o4 ,s mu* = ?is "t2 x is little en\gh4 ,y\r ,g]man ,romanticism has set me ?9k+1 h[ ?is :ole movem5t actually only rea*$ its goal z music 7,s*umann1 ,m5delssohn1 ,web]1 ,wagn]1 ,brahms72 z lit]ature x rema9$ a great promise4 ,! ,fr5* 7 m =tunate4 ,i am afraid ,i am too mu* ( a musician n to be a romantici/4 ,)\t music life to me w\ld be a mi/ake4 ,) cordial & grateful reg>ds ,i rema91 de> ,sir1 ,y\rs1 ,,nietzs*e4 #i4 ,,br&es to ,,nietzs*e4 ,cop5hag51 ,april #c1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,y h call$ ! po/man ! m$ium ( ill-mann]$ invasions4 ,t is v true z a rule1 & %\ld be sat4 sapi5ti n to tr\ble y4 ,i am n an intrud] by nature1 s little 9 fact t ,i lead an almo/ isolat$ life1 am inde$ lo? to write lett]s &1 l all au?ors1 lo? to write at all4 ,ye/]day1 h[ev]1 :5 ,i _h receiv$ y\r lett] & tak5 up "o ( y\r books1 ,i sudd5ly felt a sort ( vexation at ! idea t nobody "h 9 ,sc&9avia knew any?+ ab\t y1 & ,i soon det]m9$ to make y kn[n at a /roke4 ,! newspap] cutt+ w tell y t 7hav+ j f9i%$ a s]ies ( lectures on ,russia7 ,i am ann\nc+ fre% lectures on y\r writ+s4 ,= _m ye>s ,i h be5 oblig$ to repeat all my lectures1 z ! ,univ]sity _c hold ! audi5ces2 t is n likely to be ! case ?is "t1 z y\r "n is s absolutely new1 b ! p :o w come & get an impression ( y\r works w n be ( ! dulle/4 ,z ,i %\ld v mu* l to h an idea ( y\r appe>ance1 ,i beg y to give me a portrait ( y\rself4 ,i enclose my la/ photograph4 ,i w\ld also ask y to tell me q briefly :5 & :]e y 7 born & 9 :at ye>s y publi%$ 7or bett]1 wrote7 y\r works1 z !y are n dat$4 ,if y h any newspap] t conta9s ^! details1 !re w be no ne$ to write4 ,i am an unme?odical p]son & possess nei!r diction>ies ( au?ors nor o!r books ( ref]5ce 9 :i* y\r "n might be f\nd4 ,! y\?ful works--! ,?\ghts out ( ,season--h be5 v useful to me4 ,h[ "y y 7 & en?usia/ic1 h[ frank & nave ,i ,!re is mu* 9 ! matur] books t ,i d n yet und]/&2 y appe> to me (t5 to h9t at or g5]alise ab\t entirely intimate1 p]sonal data1 giv+ ! read] a beautiful casket )\t ! key4 ,b mo/ ( x ,i und]/&4 ,i 0 en*ant$ by ! y\?ful "w on ,s*op5hau]2 al?\gh p]sonally ,i owe little to ,s*op5hau]1 x seem$ to speak to me f ! s\l4 ,"o or two p$antic corrections3 ,joyful ,wisdom1 p4 #aaf4 ,! words quot$ are n ,*am=t's la/1 !y are to be f\nd 9 8 ,c>actres et ,anecdotes3 dialogue betwe5 ,m4 ,d4 & ,m4 ,l4 9 explanation ( ! s5t5ce3 ,peu de p]sonnes et p5 de *oses m'intress5t1 mais ri5 ne m'intresse mo9s que moi4 ,! conclud+ words are3 en vivant et en voyant les hommes1 il faut que le c\r se brise ou se bronze4 ,on p4 #aah y speak ( ! elevation 9 :i* ,%akespe>e places ,cs>4 ,i f9d ,%akespe>e's ,cs> pitiable4 ,an act ( high treason4 ,& ?is glorification ( ! mis]able fell[ ^: only a*ievem5t 0 to plunge a knife into a great man6 ,human1 all-too-,human1 ,,ii1 p4 #ei4 ,a holy lie4 ,x is ! only holy lie t has become fam\s4 ,no1 ,desdemona's la/ words are p]haps /ill m beautiful & j z fam\s1 (t5 quot$ 9 ,g]many at ! "t :5 ,jacobi 0 writ+ on ,less+4 ,am ,i n "r8 ,^! trifles are only to %[ y t ,i read y att5tively4 ,( c\rse1 !re are v diff]5t matt]s t ,i might discuss ) y1 b a lett] is n ! place = !m4 ,if y read ,dani%1 ,i %\ld l to s5d y a h&somely got-up little book on ,holb]g1 :i* w appe> 9 a week4 ,let me "k :e!r y und]/& our language4 ,if y read ,sw$i%1 ,i call y\r att5tion to ,sw$5's only g5ius1 ,augu/ ,/r9db]g4 ,:5 y write ab\t wom5 y are v l him4 ,i hope y w h no?+ b good to tell me ( y\r eyes4 ,y\rs s9c]ely1 ,,george ,,br&es4 #aj4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 ,tor9o 7,italia7 f]ma 9 po/a1 ,april #aj1 #ahhh4 ,b1 my de> ,sir1 :at a surprise is ?is6--,:]e h y f\nd ! c\rage to propose to speak 9 public ( a vir obscurissimus8444 ,d y imag9e t ,i am kn[n 9 ! belov$ ,fa!rl&8 ,!y treat me !re z if ,i 7 some?+ s+ul> & absurd1 some?+ t = ! pres5t ne$ n be tak5 s]i\sly4444 ,evid5tly !y h an inkl+ t ,i d n take !m s]i\sly ei!r3 & h[ c\ld ,i1 n[adays1 :5 ,g]man intellect has become a contradictio 9 adjecto6--,my be/ ?anks = ! photograph4 ,un=tunately ,i h none to s5d 9 return3 my si/]1 :o is m>ri$ & lives 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 took ) h] ! la/ portraits ,i possess$4 ,enclos$ is a little vita1 ! fir/ ,i h ev] writt54 ,z reg>ds ! dates ( composition ( ! diff]5t books1 !y are to be f\nd on ! back ( ! cov] ( ,beyond ,good & ,evil4 ,p]haps y no long] h ?is cov]4 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y 0 writt5 betwe5 ! summ] ( #ahgj & ! w9t] ( #ahga 7f9i%$ at ,lugano1 :]e ,i 0 liv+ ) ! family ( ,field-,m>%al ,moltke74 ,! ,?\ghts out ( ,season betwe5 #ahgb & ! summ] ( #ahge 7!re 7 to h be5 ?irte52 luckily my heal? said ,no674 ,:at y say ab\t ,s*op5hau] z ,educator gives me great pleasure4 ,?is little "w s]ves me z a t\*/one2 he to :om x says no?+ p]sonal has probably no?+ to d ) me ei!r4 ,9 reality x conta9s ! :ole plan accord+ to :i* ,i h hi!rto liv$2 x is a rigor\s promise4 ,human1 all-too-,human1 ) its two cont9uations1 summ] ( #ahgf-ahgi4 ,! ,dawn ( ,day1 #ahhj4 ,! ,joyful ,wisdom1 ,janu>y #ahhb4 ,z>a?u/ra1 #ahhc-ahhe 7ea* "p 9 ab\t t5 days4 ,p]fect /ate ( inspiration4 ,all conceiv$ 9 ! c\rse ( rapid walks3 absolute c]ta9ty1 z ?\gh ea* s5t5ce 7 %\t$ to "o4 ,:ile writ+ ! book1 ! greate/ physical ela/icity & s5se ( p[]74 ,beyond ,good & ,evil1 summ] ( #ahhe 9 ! ,upp] ,engad9e & ! foll[+ w9t] at ,nice4 ,! ,g5ealogy decid$ on1 c>ri$ out & s5t ready = press to ! pr9t] at ,leipzig1 all betwe5 ,july #aj & #cj1 #ahhg4 7,( c\rse !re are also philologica ( m9e1 b !y d n conc]n y & me47 ,i am n[ mak+ an exp]im5t ) ,tur92 ,i %all /ay "h till ,june #e & !n g to ! ,engad9e4 ,! wea!r s f> is w9try1 h>% & unpleasant4 ,b ! t[n sup]bly calm & fav\rable to my in/9cts4 ,! f9e/ pavem5t 9 ! _w4 ,s9c]e greet+s f ,y\rs gratefully1 ,,nietzs*e4 ,a pity ,i und]/& nei!r ,dani% nor ,sw$i%4 ,vita4--,i 0 born on ,octob] #ae1 #ahdd1 on ! battlefield ( ,ltz54 ,! fir/ "n ,i he>d 0 t ( ,gu/avus ,adolphus4 ,my ance/ors 7 ,poli% noblem5 7,nizky72 x seems ! type has be5 well ma9ta9$1 9 spite ( ?ree g5]ations ( ,g]man mo!rs4 ,abroad ,i am usually tak5 = a ,pole2 ?is v w9t] ! visitors' li/ at ,nice ent]$ me comme ,polonais4 ,i am told my head occurs 9 ,matejko's pictures4 ,my gr&mo!r belong$ to ! ,s*ill]-,goe! circles ( ,weim>2 h] bro!r 0 ,h]d]'s successor 9 ! position ( ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t at ,weim>4 ,i _h ! good =tune to be a pupil ( ! v5]able ,p=ta ,s*ool1 f :i* s _m :o h made a "n 9 ,g]man lit]ature h proce$$ 7,klop/ock1 ,fi*te1 ,s*legel1 ,ranke1 etc41 etc474 ,we _h ma/]s :o w\ld h 7or h7 done hon\r to any univ]sity4 ,i /udi$ at ,bonn1 aft]w>ds at ,leipzig2 old ,rits*l1 !n ! fir/ philologi/ 9 ,g]many1 s+l$ me out almo/ f ! fir/4 ,at tw5ty-two ,i 0 a contributor to ! ,litt]>is*es ,c5tralblatt 7,z>ncke74 ,! f\ndation ( ! ,philological ,society ( ,leipzig1 :i* /ill exi/s1 is due to me4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahfh-ahfi ! ,univ]sity ( ,basle (f]$ me a pr(essor%ip2 ,i 0 z yet n ev5 a ,doctor4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig aft]w>ds conf]r$ ! doctor's degree on me1 9 a v hon\rable way1 )\t any exam9ation1 & ev5 )\t a diss]tation4 ,f ,ea/] #ahfi to #ahgi ,i 0 at ,basle2 ,i 0 oblig$ to give up my rights z a ,g]man subject1 s9ce z an (fic] 7,horse ,artill]y7 ,i %\ld h be5 call$ up too frequ5tly & my academic duties w\ld h be5 int]f]$ )4 ,i am none ! less ma/] ( two weapons1 ! sabre & ! cannon--& p]haps ( a ?ird z well4444 ,at ,basle ev]y?+ w5t v well1 9 spite ( my y\?2 x sometimes happ5$1 especially ) c&idates = ! doctor's degree1 t ! exam9ee 0 old] ?an ! exam9]4 ,i _h ! great good =tune to =m a cordial fri5d%ip ) ,jakob ,burkh>dt1 an unusual ?+ ) t v h]mit-l & seclud$ ?9k]4 ,a /ill great] piece ( good =tune 0 t f ! e>lie/ days ( my ,basle exi/5ce an indescribably close intimacy sprang up betwe5 me & ,ri*>d & ,cosima ,wagn]1 :o 7 !n liv+ on _! e/ate ( ,triebs*51 ne> ,luc]ne1 z ?\gh on an isl&1 & 7 cut (f f all =m] ties4 ,= "s ye>s we _h ev]y?+1 great & small1 9 common1 a confid5ce )\t b\nds4 7,y w f9d pr9t$ 9 ,volume ,,vii ( ,wagn]'s complete works a message to me1 ref]r+ to ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y47 ,z a result ( ^! relations ,i came to "k a l>ge circle ( p]sons 7& p]sonesses71 9 fact pretty ne>ly ev]y?+ t gr[s betwe5 ,p>is & ,pet]sburg4 ,by ab\t #ahgf my heal? became worse4 ,i !n sp5t a w9t] at ,sorr5to1 ) my old fri5d1 ,b>oness ,meys5bug 7,memoirs ( an ,ideali/7 & ! sympa!tic ,dr4 ,re4 ,!re 0 no improvem5t4 ,i suff]$ f an extremely pa9ful & p]si/5t heada*e1 :i* exhau/$ all my /r5g?4 ,?is w5t on = a numb] ( ye>s1 till x rea*$ su* a climax ( habitual suff]+1 t at t "t ,i _h #bjj days ( torm5t 9 ! ye>4 ,! tr\ble mu/ h be5 due entirely to local causes1 !re is no neuropa?ic basis = x ( any sort4 ,i h nev] _h a symptom ( m5tal di/urbance2 n ev5 ( fev]1 nor ( fa9t+4 ,my pulse 0 at t "t z sl[ z t ( ! fir/ ,napoleon 7 #fj74 ,my speciality 0 to endure extreme pa91 cru1 v]t1 ) p]fect cl>ity1 = two or ?ree consecutive days1 accompani$ by con/ant vomit+ ( bile4 ,! report has be5 put ab\t t ,i 0 9 a madh\se 7& inde$ t ,i di$ !re74 ,no?+ is fur!r f ! tru?4 ,z a matt] ( fact my intellect only came to maturity dur+ t t]rible "t3 witness ! ,dawn ( ,day1 :i* ,i wrote 9 #ahha dur+ a w9t] ( incr$ible suff]+ at ,g5oa1 away f doctors1 fri5ds or relations4 ,?is book s]ves me z a sort ( dynamomet]3 ,i compos$ x ) a m9imum ( /r5g? & heal?4 ,f #ahhb on ,i w5t =w>d aga91 v sl[ly1 x is true3 ! crisis 0 pa/ 7my fa!r di$ v "y1 j at ! age at :i* ,i 0 myself s ne> to dea?74 ,i h to use extreme c>e ev5 to-day2 c]ta9 conditions ( a climatic & meteorological ord] are indisp5sable to me4 ,x is n f *oice b f necessity t ,i sp5d ! summ] 9 ! ,upp] ,engad9e & ! w9t] at ,nice4444 ,aft] all1 my illness has be5 ( ! greate/ use to me3 x has releas$ me1 x has re/or$ to me ! c\rage to be myself4444 ,&1 inde$1 9 virtue ( my in/9cts1 ,i am a brave animal1 a milit>y "o ev54 ,! long resi/ance has some:at exasp]at$ my pride4 ,am ,i a philosoph]1 d y ask8--,b :at does t matt]6444 #aa4 ,,br&es to ,,nietzs*e4 ,cop5hag51 ,april #bi1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,! fir/ "t ,i lectur$ on y\r works1 ! hall 0 n q full1 an audi5ce ( p]haps a hundr$ & fifty1 s9ce no "o knew :o & :at y are4 ,b z an important newspap] report$ my fir/ lecture1 & z ,i h myself writt5 an article on y1 int]e/ 0 r\s$1 & next "t ! hall 0 full to bur/+4 ,"s ?ree hundr$ p li/5$ ) ! greate/ att5tion to my exposition ( y\r works4 ,nev]!less1 ,i h n v5tur$ to repeat ! lectures1 z has be5 my practice = _m ye>s1 s9ce ! subject is h>dly ( a popul> nature4 ,i hope ! result w be to get y "s good read]s 9 ! ,nor?4 ,y\r books n[ /& on "o ( my %elves1 v h&somely b\nd4 ,i %\ld be v glad to possess ev]y?+ y h publi%$4 ,:51 9 y\r fir/ lett]1 y (f]$ me a musical "w ( y\rs1 a ,hymn to ,life1 ,i decl9$ ! gift f mode/y1 be+ no great judge ( music4 ,n[ ,i ?9k ,i h des]v$ ! "w ?r\gh my int]e/ 9 x & %\ld be mu* oblig$ if y w\ld h x s5t to me4 ,i believe ,i may sum up ! impression ( my audi5ce 9 ! feel+ ( a "y pa9t]1 :o said to me3 ,:at makes ?is s int]e/+ is t x has n to d ) books1 b ) life4 ,if any objection is tak5 to y\r ideas1 x is t !y are too out-&-out4 ,x 0 unk9d ( y n to s5d me a photograph2 ,i really only s5t m9e to put y "u an obligation4 ,x is s little tr\ble to sit to a photograph] = a m9ute or two1 & "o kn[s a man f> bett] :5 "o has an idea ( 8 appe>ance4 ,y\rs v s9c]ely1 ,,george ,,br&es4 #ab4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 ,tur91 ,may #d1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,:at y tell me gives me great pleasure &--let me confess x--/ill m surprise4 ,be sure ,i %all owe y = x3 y "k1 h]mits are n giv5 to =gett+4 ,mean:ile ,i hope my photograph w h rea*$ y4 ,x goes )\t say+ t ,i took /eps1 n exactly to be photograph$ 7= ,i am extremely di/ru/ful ( haphaz>d photographs71 b to ab/ract a photograph f somebody :o _h "o ( me4 ,p]haps ,i h succe$$2 ,i h n yet he>d4 ,if n1 ,i %all avail myself ( my next visit to ,muni* 7?is autumn probably7 to be tak5 aga94 ,! ,hymn to ,life w />t on its j\rney to ,cop5hag5 "o ( ^! days4 ,we philosoph]s are nev] m grateful ?an :5 we are mi/ak5 = arti/s4 ,i am assur$1 moreov]1 by ! be/ judges t ! ,hymn is ?or\ghly fit = p]=mance1 s+able1 & sure 9 its effect 7--cle> 9 =m2 ?is praise gave me ! greate/ pleasure74 ,mottl1 ! excell5t c\rt conductor at ,c>lsruhe 7! conductor ( ! ,bayreu? fe/ival p]=mances1 y "k71 has giv5 me hopes ( a p]=mance4 ,i h j he>d f ,italy t ! po9t ( view ( my second ,?\ght out ( ,season has be5 v hon\rably m5tion$ 9 a survey ( ,g]man lit]ature contribut$ by ! ,vi5nese s*ol>1 ,dr4 von ,zackau]1 at ! invitation ( ! ,ar*ivio /orico ( ,flor5ce4 ,he concludes 8 pap] ) x4 ,^! la/ weeks at ,tur91 :]e ,i %all /ay till ,june #e1 h turn$ out bett] ?an any ,i h kn[n = ye>s1 above all m philosophic4 ,almo/ e day = "o or two h\rs ,i h rea*$ su* a pit* ( en]gy z to be able to view my :ole conception f top to bottom2 s t ! imm5se multiplicity ( problems lies spread out b5ea? me1 z ?\gh 9 relief & cle> 9 its outl9es4 ,?is requires a maximum ( /r5g?1 = :i* ,i _h almo/ giv5 up hope4 ,x all hangs toge!r2 ye>s ago x 0 already on ! "r c\rse2 "o builds "o's philosophy l a beav]1 "o is =c$ to & does n "k x3 b "o has to see all ?is1 z ,i h n[ se5 x1 9 ord] to believe x4 ,i am s reliev$1 s /r5g!n$1 9 su* good hum\r--,i hang a little f>cical tail on to ! mo/ s]i\s ?+s4 ,:at is ! reason ( all ?is8 ,h ,i n ! good nor? w9ds to ?ank = x1 ! nor? w9ds :i* d n always come f ! ,alps8--!y come n[ & !n ev5 f ,cop5hag56 ,) greet+s1 ,y\r gratefully devot$1 ,,nietzs*e4 #ac4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 ,tur91 ,may #bc1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i %\ld n l to leave ,tur9 )\t tell+ y once m :at a great %>e y h _h 9 my fir/ successful spr+4 ,! hi/ory ( my spr+s1 = ! la/ fifte5 ye>s at lea/1 has be51 ,i mu/ tell y1 a tale ( horror1 a fatality ( decad5ce & infirmity4 ,places made no diff]5ce2 x 0 z ?\gh no prescription1 no diet1 no climate c\ld *ange ! ess5tially depress+ "* ( ?is "t ( ye>4 ,b behold1 ,tur96 ,& ! fir/ good news1 y\r news1 my de> ,sir1 :i* prov$ to me t ,i am alive4444 ,= ,i am sometimes apt to =get t ,i am alive4 ,an accid5t1 a "q rem9d$ me ! o!r day t "o ( life's lead+ ideas is positively qu5*$ 9 me1 ! idea ( ! future4 ,no1 wi%1 n ! smalle/ cl\dlet ( a wi% be=e me6 ,a b>e expanse6 ,:y %\ld n a day f my sev5tie? ye> be exactly l my day to-day8 ,h ,i liv$ too long 9 proximity to dea? to be able any long] to op5 my eyes to fair possibilities4 --,b c]ta9 x is t ,i n[ limit myself to ?9k+ f day to day--t ,i settle to-day :at is to be done to-morr[--& n = a s+le day beyond x6 ,?is may be irrational1 unpractical1 p]haps also un*ri/ian--t prea*] on ! ,m\nt =bade ?is v tak+ ?\ght = ! morr[--b x seems to me 9 ! highe/ degree philosophical4 ,i ga9$ m respect = myself ?an ,i _h be=e3--,i und]/ood t ,i _h unle>nt h[ to wi%1 )\t ev5 want+ to d s4 ,^! weeks ,i h employ$ 9 transvalu+ values4--,y und]/& ?is trope8--,aft] all1 ! al*emi/ is ! mo/ des]v+ k9d ( man !re is6 ,i mean ! man :o makes ( :at is base & despis$ some?+ valuable1 ev5 gold4 ,he alone conf]s weal?1 ! o!rs m]ely give *ange4 ,my problem ?is "t is r a curi\s "o3 ,i h ask$ myself :at hi!rto has be5 be/ hat$1 fe>$1 despis$ by mank9d--& ( t & no?+ else ,i h made my gold4444 ,if only ,i am n accus$ ( false-co9+6 ,or r2 t is :at w happ54 ,has my photograph rea*$ y8 ,my "m has %[n me ! great k9dness ( reliev+ me f ! appe>ance ( ungratefulness 9 su* a special case4 ,x is to be hop$ ! ,leipzig publi%]1 ,e4 ,w4 ,fritzs*1 has also done 8 duty & s5t (f ! ,hymn4 ,9 conclusion ,i confess to a feel+ ( curiosity4 ,z x 0 d5i$ me to li/5 at ! crack ( ! door to le>n some?+ ab\t myself1 ,i %\ld l to he> some?+ 9 ano!r way4 ,?ree words to *>act]ise ! subjects ( y\r diff]5t lectures--h[ mu* %\ld ,i le>n f ?ree words6 ,) cordial & devot$ greet+s1 ,y\r ,,nietzs*e4 #ad4 ,,br&es to ,,nietzs*e4 ,cop5hag5 ,may #bc1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,= lett]1 portrait & music ,i s5d y my be/ ?anks4 ,! lett] & ! music 7 an unqualifi$ pleasure1 ! portrait might h be5 bett]4 ,x is a pr(ile tak5 at ,naumburg1 *>act]i/ic 9 its attitude1 b ) too little expression4 ,y mu/ look diff]5t f ?is2 ! writ] ( ,z>a?u/ra mu/ h _m m secrets writt5 9 8 own face4 ,i conclud$ my lectures on ,fr4 ,nietzs*e be=e ,:itsuntide4 ,!y end$1 z ! pap]s say1 9 applause :i* took ! =m ( an ovation4 ,! ovation is y\rs almo/ entirely4 ,i take ! lib]ty ( communicat+ x to y h]e) 9 writ+4 ,= ,i c only claim ! cr$it ( reproduc+1 cle>ly & connect$ly1 & intelligibly to a ,nor!rn audi5ce1 :at y _h orig9at$4 ,i also tri$ to indicate y\r relation to v>i\s contempor>ies1 to introduce my he>]s into ! work%op ( y\r ?\ght1 to put =w>d my own fav\rite ideas1 :]e !y co9cid$ ) y\rs1 to def9e ! po9ts on :i* ,i diff]$ f y1 & to give a psy*ological portrait ( ,nietzs*e ! au?or4 ,?us mu* ,i may say )\t exagg]ation3 y\r "n is n[ v popul> 9 all intellig5t circles 9 ,cop5hag51 & all ov] ,sc&9avia x is at lea/ kn[n4 ,y h no?+ to ?ank me =2 x has be5 a pleasure to me to p5etrate into ! _w ( y\r ?\ghts4 ,my lectures are n wor? pr9t+1 z ,i d n reg>d pure philosophy z my special prov9ce & am unwill+ to pr9t any?+ deal+ ) a subject 9 :i* ,i d n feel suffici5tly compet5t4 ,i am v glad y feel s invigorat$ physically & s well dispos$ m5tally4 ,"h1 aft] a long w9t]1 we h mild spr+ wea!r4 ,we are rejoic+ 9 ! fir/ gre5 leaves & 9 a v well-arrang$ ,nor!rn exhibition t has be5 op5$ at ,cop5hag54 ,all ! ,fr5* arti/s ( em95ce 7pa9t]s & sculptors7 are also exhibit+ "h4 ,nev]!less1 ,i am long+ to get away1 b h to /ay4 ,b ?is _c int]e/ y4 ,i =got to tell y3 if y d n "k ! ,icel&ic sagas1 y mu/ /udy !m4 ,y w f9d !re a great deal to confirm y\r hypo!ses & !ories ab\t ! morality ( a ma/] race4 ,9 "o trifl+ detail y seem to h miss$ ! m>k4 ,go?ic has c]ta9ly no?+ to d ) good or ,god4 ,x is connect$ ) giess51 he :o emits ! se$1 & means /allion1 man4 ,on ! o!r h&1 our philologi/s "h ?9k y\r sugge/ion ( bonus--duonus is mu* to ! po9t4 ,i hope t 9 future we %all nev] become entirely /rang]s to "o ano!r4 ,i rema9 y\r fai?ful read] & admir]1 ,,george ,,br&es4 #ae4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 7,po/-c>d47 ,tur91 ,may #bg1 #ahhh4 ,:at eyes y h6 ,y are "r1 ! ,nietzs*e ( ! photograph is n yet ! au?or ( ,z>a?u/ra--he is a few ye>s too "y = t4 ,i am v grateful = ! etymology ( ,go?2 x is simply godlike4 ,i presume y are read+ ano!r lett] ( m9e to-day4 ,y\r gratefully atta*$ ,n4 #af4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 ,sils-,m>ia1 ,sept4 #ac1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,h]e) ,i d myself a pleasure--t ( recall+ myself to y\r memory1 by s5d+ y a wick$ little book1 b "o t is none ! less v s]i\sly meant2 ! product ( ! good days ( ,tur94 ,= ,i mu/ tell y t s9ce !n !re h be5 evil days 9 ,sup]fluity2 su* a decl9e 9 heal?1 c\rage & w to life1 to talk ,s*op5hau]1 t ! little spr+ idyll sc>cely seem$ cr$ible any long]4 ,=tunately ,i /ill possess$ a docum5t belong+ to x1 ! ,case ( ,wagn]4 ,a ,musician's ,problem4 ,spiteful tongues w pref] to call x ,! ,fall ( ,wagn]4 ,mu* z y may disclaim music 7--! mo/ importunate ( all ! ,muses71 & ) h[ev] good reason1 yet pray look at ?is piece ( musician's psy*ology4 ,y1 my de> ,mr4 ,cosmopolitan1 are f> too ,european 9 y\r ideas n to he> 9 x a hundr$ times m ?an my s-call$ c\ntrym51 ! musical ,g]mans4 ,aft] all1 9 ?is case ,i am a connoisseur 9 rebus et p]sonis--&1 =tunately1 en\gh ( a musician by in/9ct to see t 9 ?is ultimate "q ( values1 ! problem is accessible & soluble ?r\gh music4 ,9 reality ?is pamphlet is almo/ writt5 9 ,fr5*--,i d>e say x w\ld be easi] to translate x into ,fr5* ?an into ,g]man4 ,c\ld y give me "o or two m ,russian or ,fr5* addresses to :i* !re w\ld be "s s5se 9 s5d+ ! pamphlet8 ,9 a mon? or two some?+ philosophical may be expect$2 "u ! v in(f5sive title ( ,leisure ,h\rs ( ,psy*ologi/ ,i am say+ agreeable & disagreeable ?+s to ! _w at l>ge--includ+ t intellig5t nation1 ! ,g]mans4 ,b all ?is is 9 ! ma9 no?+ b recreation beside ! ma9 ?+3 ! "n ( ! latt] is ,transvaluation ( all ,values4 ,europe w h to discov] a new ,sib]ia1 to :i* to consign ! au?or ( ^! exp]im5ts ) values4 ,i hope ?is high-spirit$ lett] w f9d y 9 "o ( y\r usual resolute moods4 ,) k9d remembrances1 ,y\rs1 ,dr4 ,,nietzs*e4 ,address till middle ( ,novemb]3 ,tor9o 7,italia7 f]ma 9 po/a4 #ag4 ,,br&es to ,,nietzs*e4 ,cop5hag51 ,oct4 #f1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,y\r lett] & valu$ gift f\nd me 9 a rag+ fev] ( "w4 ,?is acc\nts = my delay 9 answ]+4 ,! m]e sight ( y\r h&writ+ gave me pleasurable excitem5t4 ,x is sad news t y h _h a bad summ]4 ,i 0 fooli% en\gh to ?9k t y _h already got ov] all y\r physical tr\bles4 ,i h read ! pamphlet ) ! greate/ att5tion & mu* enjoym5t4 ,i am n s unmusical t ,i _c ent] into ! fun ( x4 ,i am m]ely n an exp]t4 ,a few days be=e receiv+ ! little book ,i he>d a v f9e p]=mance ( ,c>m52 :at glori\s music6 ,h[ev]1 at ! risk ( excit+ y\r wra? ,i confess t ,wagn]'s ,tri/an und ,isolde made an indelible impression on me4 ,i once he>d ?is op]a 9 ,b]l91 9 a despond5t1 altoge!r %att]$ /ate ( m9d1 & ,i felt e note4 ,i d n "k :e!r ! impression 0 s deep because ,i 0 s ill4 ,d y "k ,bizet's wid[8 ,y ought to s5d h] ! pamphlet4 ,%e w\ld l x4 ,%e is ! sweete/1 mo/ *>m+ ( wom51 ) a n]v\s tic t is curi\sly becom+1 b p]fectly g5u9e1 p]fectly s9c]e & full ( fire4 ,only %e has m>ri$ aga9 7an excell5t man1 a b>ri/] nam$ ,/raus1 ( ,p>is74 ,i believe %e kn[s "s ,g]man4 ,i c\ld get y h] address1 if x does n put y aga9/ h] t %e has n rema9$ true to h] god--any m ?an ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,moz>t's wid[ or ,m>ie ,l\ise4 ,bizet's *ild is ideally beautiful & *>m+4--,b ,i am gossip+4 ,i h giv5 a copy ( ! book to ! greate/ ( ,sw$i% writ]s1 ,augu/ ,/r9db]g1 :om ,i h entirely won ov] to y4 ,he is a true g5ius1 only a trifle mad l mo/ g5iuses 7& non-g5iuses74 ,! o!r copy ,i %all also place ) c>e4 ,p>is ,i am n well acqua9t$ ) n[4 ,b s5d a copy to ! foll[+ address3 ,madame la ,pr9cesse ,anna ,dmitrievna ,tni*eff1 ,quai ,anglais #bj1 ,pet]sburg4 ,?is lady is a fri5d ( m9e2 %e is also acqua9t$ ) ! musical _w ( ,pet]sburg & w make y kn[n !re4 ,i h ask$ h] be=e n[ to buy y\r works1 b !y 7 all =bidd5 9 ,russia1 ev5 ,human1 all-too-,human4 ,x w\ld also be z well to s5d a copy to ,pr9ce ,urussov 7:o is m5tion$ 9 ,turg5iev's lett]s74 ,he is greatly int]e/$ 9 ev]y?+ ,g]man1 & is a man ( ri* gifts1 an intellectual g\rmet4 ,i d n rememb] 8 address = ! mom5t1 b c f9d x out4 ,i am glad t 9 spite ( all bodily ills y are work+ s vigor\sly & ke5ly4 ,i am look+ =w>d to all ! ?+s y promise me4 ,x w\ld give me great pleasure to be read by y1 b un=tunately y d n und]/& my language4 ,i h produc$ an enorm\s am\nt ?is summ]4 ,i h writt5 two long new books 7( tw5ty-f\r & tw5ty-eight %eets71 ,impressions ( ,pol& & ,impressions ( ,russia1 besides entirely rewrit+ "o ( my olde/ books1 /hetic ,/udies1 = a new edition & correct+ ! pro(s ( all ?ree books myself4 ,9 ano!r week or s ,i %all h f9i%$ ?is "w2 !n ,i give a s]ies ( lectures1 writ+ at ! same "t ano!r s]ies 9 ,fr5*1 & leave = ,russia 9 ! dep? ( w9t] to revive !re4 ,t is ! plan ,i propose = my w9t] campaign4 ,may x n be a ,russian campaign 9 ! bad s5se4 ,i hope y w cont9ue y\r fri5dly int]e/ 9 me4 ,i rema91 ,y\r fai?fully devot$1 ,,george ,,br&es4 #ah4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 ,tur91 ,oct4 #bj1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,once m y\r lett] br\ght me a pleasant w9d f ! nor?2 x is 9 fact s f> ! only lett] t puts a good face1 or any face at all on my attack on ,wagn]4 ,= p d n write to me4 ,i h irrep>ably (f5d$ ev5 my ne>e/ & de>e/4 ,!re is1 = in/ance1 my old fri5d1 ,b>on ,seydlitz ( ,muni*1 :o un=tunately happ5s to be ,presid5t ( ! ,muni* ,wagn] ,society2 my /ill old] fri5d1 ,ju/izra? ,krug ( ,cologne1 presid5t ( ! local ,wagn] ,society2 my bro!r-9-law1 ,dr4 ,b]nh>d ,fr/] 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 ! n unkn[n ,anti--,semite1 "o ( ! ke5e/ contributors to ! ,bayreu!r ,bltt]--& my respect$ fri5d1 ,malwida von ,meys5bug1 ! au?oress ( ,memoirs ( an ,ideali/1 :o cont9ues to confuse ,wagn] ) ,mi*el ,angelo4444 ,on ! o!r side ,i h be5 giv5 to und]/& t ,i mu/ be on my gu>d aga9/ ! female ,wagn]ite3 9 c]ta9 cases %e is said to be )\t scruple4 ,p]haps ,bayreu? w def5d itself 9 ! ,g]man ,imp]ial mann]1 by ! prohibition ( my writ+s--z dang]\s to public morals2 = "h ! ,emp]or is a p>ty to ! case4 ,my dictum1 we all "k ! 9/hetic concept ( ! ,*ri/ian ,junk]1 might ev5 be int]pret$ z lse-maje/4 ,y\r int]v5tion on behalf ( ,bizet's wid[ gave me great pleasure4 ,please let me h h] address2 also t ( pr9ce ,urussov4 ,a copy has be5 s5t to y\r fri5d1 ! ,pr9cess ,dmitrievna ,tni*eff4 ,:5 my next book is publi%$1 :i* w be be=e v long 7! title is n[ ,! ,twilight ( ! ,idols4 ,or1 ,h[ to ,philosophise ) ! ,hamm]71 ,i %\ld mu* l to s5d a copy to ! ,sw$e y introduce to me 9 su* laudatory t]ms4 ,b ,i d n "k :]e he lives4 ,?is book is my philosophy 9 nuce--radical to ! po9t ( crim9ality4444 ,z to ! effect ( ,tri/an1 ,i1 too1 c\ld tell /range tales4 ,a regul> dose ( m5tal angui% seems to me a spl5did tonic be=e a ,wagn]ian repa/4 ,! ,rei*sg]i*tsra? ,dr4 ,wi5] ( ,leipzig gave me to und]/& t a ,c>lsbad cure 0 also a good ?+4444 ,ah1 h[ indu/ri\s y are6 ,& idiot t ,i am1 n to und]/& ,dani%6 ,i am q will+ to take y\r ^w = x t "o c revive 9 ,russia bett] ?an else:]e2 ,i c\nt any ,russian book1 above all ,do/oievsky 7translat$ into ,fr5*1 = ,heav5's sake n ,g]man667 among my greate/ s\rces ( relief4 ,cordially &1 ) good reason1 gratefully1 ,y\rs1 ,,nietzs*e4 #ai4 ,,br&es to ,,nietzs*e4 ,cop5hag51 ,nov4 #af1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,i h wait$ 9 va9 = an answ] f ,p>is to le>n ! address ( ,madame ,bizet4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i n[ h ! address ( ,pr9ce ,urussov4 ,he lives 9 ,pet]sburg1 ,s]gievskaia #gi4 ,my ?ree books are n[ out4 ,i h begun my lectures "h4 ,curi\s x is h[ some?+ 9 y\r lett] & 9 y\r book ab\t ,do/oievsky co9cides ) my own impressions ( him4 ,i h m5tion$ y1 too1 9 my "w on ,russia1 :5 deal+ ) ,do/oievsky4 ,he is a great poet1 b an abom9able creature1 q ,*ri/ian 9 8 emotions & at ! same "t q sadique4 ,8 :ole morality is :at y h baptis$ slave-morality4 ,! mad ,sw$e's "n is ,augu/ ,/r9db]g2 he lives "h4 ,8 address is ,holte1 ne> ,cop5hag54 ,he is p>ticul>ly fond ( y1 because he ?9ks he f9ds 9 y 8 own hatr$ ( wom54 ,on ?is acc\nt he calls y mod]n 7irony ( fate74 ,on read+ ! newspap] reports ( my spr+ lectures1 he said3 ,x is an a/oni%+ ?+ ab\t ?is ,nietzs*e2 mu* ( :at he says is j :at ,i might h writt54 ,8 drama1 ,pre1 has appe>$ 9 ,fr5* ) a preface by ,zola4 ,i feel m\rnful :5ev] ,i ?9k ( ,g]many4 ,:at a developm5t is n[ go+ on !re6 ,h[ sad to ?9k t to all appe>ance "o w nev] 9 "o's lifetime be a hi/orical witness ( ! smalle/ good ?+4 ,:at a pity t s le>n$ a philologi/ z y %\ld n und]/& ,dani%4 ,i am do+ all ,i c to prev5t my books on ,pol& & ,russia be+ translat$1 s t ,i may n be expell$1 or at lea/ refus$ ! "r ( speak+ :5 ,i next g !re4 ,hop+ t ^! l9es w f9d y /ill at ,tur9 or w be =w>d$ to y1 ,i am1 ,y\rs v s9c]ely1 ,,george ,,br&es4 #bj4 ,,nietzs*e to ,,br&es4 ,tor9o1 via ,c>lo ,alb]to1 #f1 ,,iii4 ,nov4 #bj1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,=give me = answ]+ at once4 ,curi\s ?+s are n[ happ5+ 9 my life1 ?+s t are )\t prec$5t4 ,fir/ ! day be=e ye/]day2 n[ aga94 ,ah1 if y knew :at ,i _h j writt5 :5 y\r lett] paid me its visit4 ,) a cynicism t w become fam\s 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 ,i h n[ relat$ myself4 ,! book is call$ ,ecce ,homo1 & is an attack on ! ,crucifi$ )\t ! slighte/ res]vation2 x ends 9 ?und]s & lightn+s aga9/ ev]y?+ t is ,*ri/ian or infect$ ) ,*ri/ianity1 till "o is bl9d$ & deaf5$4 ,i am 9 fact ! fir/ psy*ologi/ ( ,*ri/ianity &1 z an old artill]yman1 c br+ heavy guns into action1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* no oppon5t ( ,*ri/ianity has ev5 suspect$4 ,! :ole is ! prelude to ! ,transvaluation ( all ,values1 ! "w t lies ready be=e me3 ,i swe> to y t 9 two ye>s we %all h ! :ole _w 9 convulsions4 ,i am a fate4 ,guess :o come (f wor/ 9 ,ecce ,homo8 ,messieurs ! ,g]mans6 ,i h told !m t]rible ?+s4444 ,! ,g]mans1 = in/ance1 h x on _! consci5ce t !y depriv$ ! la/ great epo* ( hi/ory1 ! ,r5aissance1 ( its mean+--at a mom5t :5 ! ,*ri/ian values1 ! dcad5ce values1 7 wor/$1 :5 !y 7 conqu]$ 9 ! in/9cts ev5 ( ! highe/ ranks ( ! cl]gy by ! opposite in/9cts1 ! in/9cts ( life4 ,to attack ! ,*ur*--t meant to re-e/abli% ,*ri/ianity4 7,ces>e ,borgia z pope--t w\ld h be5 ! mean+ ( ! ,r5aissance1 its prop] symbol47 ,y mu/ n be angry ei!r1 to f9d y\rself br\ght =w>d at a critical passage 9 ! book--,i wrote x j n[--:]e ,i /igmatise ! conduct ( my ,g]man fri5ds t[>ds me1 _! absolute leav+ me 9 ! lur* z reg>ds bo? fame & philosophy4 ,!n y sudd5ly appe>1 surr\nd$ by a halo4444 ,i believe implicitly :at y say ab\t ,do/oievsky2 ,i e/eem him1 on ! o!r h&1 z ! mo/ valuable psy*ological mat]ial ,i "k--,i am grateful to him 9 an extraord9>y way1 h[ev] antagoni/ic he may be to my deepe/ in/9cts4 ,mu* ! same z my relation to ,pascal1 :om ,i almo/ love1 s9ce he has taught me su* an inf9ite am\nt2 ! only logical ,*ri/ian4 ,! day be=e ye/]day ,i read1 ) delight & ) a feel+ ( be+ ?or\ghly at home1 ,les m>is1 by ,h]r ,augu/ ,/r9db]g4 ,my s9c]e/ admiration1 :i* is only prejudic$ by ! feel+ t ,i am admir+ myself a little at ! same "t4 ,tur9 is /ill my resid5ce4 ,y\r ,,nietzs*e1 n[ a mon/]4 ,:]e may ,i s5d y ! ,twilight ( ! ,idols8 ,if y w be at ,cop5hag5 ano!r =tnight1 no answ] is necess>y4 #ba4 ,,br&es to ,,nietzs*e4 ,cop5hag51 ,nov4 #bc1 #ahhh4 ,,my ,,de> ,,sir1 ,y\r lett] f\nd me to-day 9 full fev] ( "w2 ,i am lectur+ "h on ,goe!1 repeat ea* lecture twice & yet p wait 9 l9e = ?ree qu>t]s ( an h\r 9 ! squ>e be=e ! ,univ]sity to get /&+-room4 ,x amuses me to /udy ! greate/ ( ! great be=e s _m4 ,i mu/ /ay "h till ! end ( ! ye>4 ,b on ! o!r side !re is ! un=tunate circum/ance t--z ,i am in=m$--"o ( my old books1 lately translat$ into ,russian1 has be5 condemn$ 9 ,russia to be publicly burnt z irreligi\s4 ,i already _h to fe> expulsion on acc\nt ( my two la/ works on ,pol& & ,russia2 n[ ,i mu/ try to set 9 motion all ! influ5ce ,i c comm&1 9 ord] to obta9 p]mission to lecture 9 ,russia ?is w9t]4 ,to make matt]s worse1 ne>ly all lett]s to & f me are n[ confiscat$4 ,!re is great anxiety s9ce ! disa/] at ,borki4 ,x 0 j ! same %ortly aft] ! fam\s attempts4 ,e lett] 0 snapp$ up4 ,x gives me lively satisfaction to see t y h aga9 got ?r\gh s mu*4 ,believe me1 ,i spread y\r propag&a :]ev] ,i c4 ,s late z la/ week ,i e>ne/ly recomm5d$ ,h5rik ,ibs5 to /udy y\r works4 ,) him too y h "s k9%ip1 ev5 if x is a v di/ant k9%ip4 ,great & /rong & unamiable1 b yet wor?y ( love1 is ?is s+ul> p]son4 ,/r9db]g w be glad to he> ( y\r appreciation4 ,i d n "k ! ,fr5* translation y m5tion2 b !y say "h t all ! be/ ?+s 9 ,giftas 7,m>is7 h be5 left out1 especially ! witty polemic aga9/ ,ibs54 ,b read 8 drama ,pre2 !re is a great sc5e 9 x4 ,i am sure he w\ld gladly s5d x y4 ,b ,i see him s seldom2 he is s %y on acc\nt ( an extremely unhappy m>riage4 ,imag9e x1 he abhors 8 wife intellectually & _c get away f h] physically4 ,he is a monogam\s misogyni/6 ,x seems curi\s to me t ! polemical trait is /ill s /rong 9 y4 ,9 my e>ly days ,i 0 passionately polemical2 n[ ,i c only exp\nd2 sil5ce is my only weapon ( (f5ce4 ,i %\ld z soon ?9k ( attack+ ,*ri/ianity z ( writ+ a pamphlet aga9/ w]ewolves1 ,i mean aga9/ ! belief 9 w]ewolves4 ,b ,i see we und]/& "o ano!r4 ,i too love ,pascal4 ,b ev5 z a "y man ,i 0 = ! ,jesuits aga9/ ,pascal 79 ! ,prov9ciales74 ,! worldly-wise1 !y 7 "r1 ( c\rse2 he did n und]/& !m2 b !y und]/ood him &--:at a ma/]-/roke ( impud5ce & sagacity6--!y !mselves publi%$ 8 ,prov9ciales ) notes4 ,! be/ edition is t ( ! ,jesuits4 ,lu!r aga9/ ! ,pope1 !re we h ! same collision4 ,victor ,hugo 9 ! preface to ! ,feuilles d',automne has ?is f9e say+3 ,on convoque la dite de ,worms mais on pe9t la *apelle ,sixt9e4 ,il y a ,lu!r1 mais il y a ,mi*el-,ange 444 et rem>quons en passant que ,lu!r e/ dans les vieill]ies qui cr\l5t aut\r de n\s et que ,mi*el-,ange n'y e/ pas4 ,/udy ! face ( ,do/oievsky3 half a ,russian peasant's face1 half a crim9al physiognomy1 flat nose1 little pi]c+ eyes "u lids quiv]+ ) n]v\sness1 ?is l(ty & well-=m$ =ehead1 ?is expressive m\? t speaks ( torm5ts innum]able1 ( abysmal melan*oly1 ( unheal?y appetites1 ( inf9ite pity1 passionate envy6 ,an epileptic g5ius1 ^: ext]ior alone speaks ( ! /ream ( g5tl5ess t fill$ 8 _s1 ( ! wave ( acut5ess almo/ am\nt+ to madness t m\nt$ to 8 head1 & f9ally ( ! ambition1 ! imm5se ef=t1 & ( ! ill-w t results f pett9ess ( s\l4 ,8 h]oes are n only poor & pitiable creatures1 b simple-m9d$ s5sitive ones1 noble /rumpets1 (t5 victims ( halluc9ation1 gift$ epileptics1 en?usia/ic c&idates = m>tyrdom--j ^? types :i* we %\ld suspect 9 ! apo/les & disciples ( ! e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,c]ta9ly no?+ c\ld be f>!r remov$ f ! ,r5aissance4 ,i am excit$ to "k h[ ,i c come into y\r book4 ,i rema9 y\r fai?fully devot$ ,,george ,,br&es4 #bb4 ,un/amp$4 ,)\t fur!r address1 undat$4 ,writt5 9 a l>ge h& on a piece ( pap] 7n note-pap]7 rul$ 9 p5cil1 su* z *ildr5 use4 ,po/-m>k3 ,tur91 ,janu>y #d1 #ahhi4 ,,to ,,! ,,fri5d ,,georg ,:5 once y _h discov]$ me1 x 0 easy en\gh to f9d me3 ! difficulty n[ is to get rid ( me 444 ,! ,crucifi$4 ,z ,h]r ,max ,nordau has attempt$ ) incr$ible co>s5ess to br& ,nietzs*e's :ole life-"w z ! production ( a madman1 ,i call att5tion to ! fact t signs ( p[]ful exaltation only appe> 9 ! la/ lett] b "o1 & t insanity is only evid5t 9 ! la/ lett] ( all1 & !n n 9 an unqualifi$ =m4 ,b at ! close ( ! ye> #ahhh ?is de> & ma/]ly m9d began to be d]ang$4 ,8 self-e/eem1 :i* _h always be5 v great1 acquir$ a morbid "*4 ,8 light & delicate self-irony1 :i* appe>s n unfrequ5tly 9 ! lett]s "h giv51 gave place to con/antly recurr+ outbur/s ( ang] ) ! ,g]man public's failure to appreciate ! value ( 8 works4 ,x ill became a man ( ,nietzs*e's intellect1 :o only a ye> be=e 7see ,lett] ,no4 #b7 _h desir$ a small numb] ( intellig5t read]s1 to take su* (f5ce at ! indiff]5ce ( ! mob4 ,he n[ gave expression to ! mo/ exalt$ ideas ab\t himself4 ,9 8 la/ book b "o he _h said3 ,i h giv5 ! ,g]mans ! pr(\nde/ books ( any !y possess 2 9 8 la/ he wrote3 ,i h giv5 mank9d ! pr(\nde/ book x possesses4 ,at ! same "t he yield$ to an impulse to describe ! fame he hop$ to atta9 9 ! future z already 84 ,z ! read] w see1 he _h ask$ me to furni% him ) ! addresses ( p]sons 9 ,p>is & ,pet]sburg :o might be able to make 8 "n kn[n 9 ,france & ,russia4 ,i *ose !m to ! be/ ( my judgm5t4 ,b ev5 be=e ! books he s5t _h rea*$ _! de/9ations1 ,nietzs*e wrote 9 a ,g]man review3 ,& ?us ,i am treat$ 9 ,g]many1 ,i :o am already /udi$ 9 ,pet]sburg & ,p>is4 ,t 8 s5se ( propriety 0 beg9n+ to be d]ang$ 0 already %[n :5 s5d+ ! book to ,pr9cess ,tni*eff 7see ,lett] ,no4 #ah74 ,?is lady wrote to me 9 a/oni%m5t1 ask+ :at k9d ( a /range fri5d ,i _h recomm5d$ to h]3 he _h be5 suffici5tly want+ 9 ta/e to give ! s5d]'s "n on ! p>cel itself z ,! ,anti*ri/4 ,"s "t aft] ,i _h receiv$ ! la/ d]ang$ & t\*+ lett]1 ano!r 0 %[n me1 :i* ,nietzs*e _h presumably s5t ! same day1 & 9 :i* he wrote t he int5d$ to summon a meet+ ( sov]eigns 9 ,rome to h ! "y ,g]man ,emp]or %ot !re2 ?is 0 sign$ ,nietzs*e-,cs>4 ,! lett] to me 0 sign$ ,! ,crucifi$4 ,x 0 ?us evid5t t ?is great m9d 9 its f9al megalomania _h oscillat$ betwe5 attribut+ to itself ! two greate/ names 9 hi/ory1 s /rongly contra/$4 ,x 0 exce$+ly sad ?us to witness ! *ange t 9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks r$uc$ a g5ius )\t equal to a poor helpless creature1 9 :om almo/ ! la/ gleam ( m5tal life 0 ext+ui%$ = ev]4 ,,iii 7,,augu/ #aijj7 ,x sometimes happ5s t ! dea? ( a great individual recalls a half-=gott5 "n to our memory1 & we !n dis9t] = a brief mom5t ! circum/ances1 ev5ts1 writ+s or a*ievem5ts :i* gave t "n its r5[n4 ,al?\gh ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e 9 8 sil5t madness _h surviv$ himself = elev5 & a half ye>s1 !re is no ne$ at 8 dea? to resuscitate 8 works or 8 fame4 ,= dur+ ^? v ye>s 9 :i* he liv$ on 9 ! night ( insanity1 8 "n has acquir$ a lu/re unsurpass$ by any contempor>y reputation1 & 8 works h be5 translat$ into e language & are kn[n all ov] ! _w4 ,to ! old] among u1 :o h foll[$ ,nietzs*e f ! "t ( 8 ardu\s & embitt]$ /ruggle aga9/ ! total indiff]5ce ( ! read+ _w1 ?is prodigi\sly rapid atta9m5t ( ! mo/ absolute & _w-wide r5[n has 9 x some?+ 9 ! highe/ degree surpris+4 ,no "o 9 our "t has exp]i5c$ any?+ l x4 ,9 ! c\rse ( five or six ye>s ,nietzs*e's intellectual t5d5cy --n[ m or less und]/ood1 n[ misund]/ood1 n[ involunt>ily c>icatur$--became ! rul+ t5d5cy ( a great "p ( ! lit]ature ( ,france1 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 ,italy1 ,norway1 ,sw$5 & ,russia4 ,note1 = example1 ! influ5ce ( ?is _s on ,gabriele d',annunzio4 ,to all t 0 tragic 9 ,nietzs*e's life 0 add$ ?is--t1 aft] ?ir/+ = recognition to ! po9t ( morbidity1 he atta9$ x 9 an altoge!r fanta/ic degree :51 ?\gh /ill liv+1 he 0 %ut out f life4 ,b c]ta9 x is t 9 ! decade #ahij-aijj no "o engag$ & impress$ ! m9ds ( 8 contempor>ies z did ?is son ( a ,nor? ,g]man cl]gyman1 :o tri$ s h>d to be tak5 = a ,poli% nobleman1 & ^: pride x 0 t 8 works 7 conceiv$ 9 ,fr5*1 ?\gh writt5 9 ,g]man4 ,! little weaknesses ( 8 "* 7 =gott5 9 ! gr&eur ( ! /yle he imp>t$ to 8 life & 8 production4 ,to be able to expla9 ,nietzs*e's rapid & ov]:elm+ triumph1 "o w\ld want ! key to ! secret ( ! psy*ological life ( our "t4 ,he bewit*$ ! age1 ?\gh he seems oppos$ to all its in/9cts4 ,! age is ultra-democratic2 he won its fav\r z an ari/ocrat4 ,! age is borne on a ris+ wave ( religi\s reaction2 he conqu]$ ) 8 pron\nc$ irreligion4 ,! age is /ruggl+ ) social que/ions ( ! mo/ difficult & f>-rea*+ k9d2 he1 ! ?9k] ( ! age1 left all ^! que/ions on "o side z ( second>y importance4 ,he 0 an enemy ( ! humanit>ianism ( ! pres5t day & ( its doctr9e ( happ9ess2 he _h a passion = prov+ h[ mu* t is base & mean may conceal itself b5ea? ! guise ( pity1 love ( "o's neighb\r & unselfi%ness2 he assail$ pessimism & scorn$ optimism2 he attack$ ! e?ics ( ! philosoph]s ) ! same viol5ce z ! ?9k]s ( ! eighte5? c5tury _h attack$ ! dogmas ( ! !ologians4 ,z he became an a!i/ f religion1 s did he become an immorali/ f morality4 ,nev]!less ! ,voltairians ( ! age c\ld n claim him1 s9ce he 0 a my/ic2 & contempor>y an>*i/s _h to reject him z an en?usia/ = rul]s & ca/es4 ,= all t1 he mu/ 9 "s hidd5 way h be5 9 accord ) mu* t is f]m5t+ 9 our "t1 o!rwise x w\ld n h adopt$ him z x has done4 ,! fact ( hav+ kn[n ,nietzs*e1 or hav+ be5 9 any way connect$ ) him1 is en\gh at pres5t to make an au?or fam\s--m fam\s1 sometimes1 ?an all 8 writ+s h made him4 ,:at ,nietzs*e1 z a "y man admir$ m ?an any?+ else 9 ,s*op5hau] & ,ri*>d ,wagn] 0 ! indomitable en]gy ) :i* !y ma9ta9$ _! self-reliance 9 ! mid/ ( ! hue & cry rais$ aga9/ !m by ! :ole cultur$ _w4 ,he made ?is self-reliance 8 own1 & ?is 0 no d\bt ! fir/ ?+ to make an impression4 ,9 ! next place ! arti/ 9 him won ov] ^? to :om ! aphorisms ( ! ?9k] 7 obscure4 ,) all 8 m5tal acut5ess he 0 a pron\nc$ lyrici/4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahhh he wrote ( ,he9e3 ,h[ he h&l$ ,g]man6 ,"o day x w be said t ,he9e & ,i 7 )\t comp>ison ! supreme arti/s ( ! ,g]man language4 ,"o :o is n a ,g]man is b an imp]fect judge ( ,nietzs*e's treatm5t ( language2 b 9 our day all ,g]man connoisseurs are agre$ 9 call+ him ! greate/ /yli/ ( ,g]man prose4 ,he fur!r impress$ 8 contempor>ies by 8 psy*ological pr(undity & ab/rus5ess4 ,8 spiritual life has its abysses & labyr9?s4 ,self-contemplation provides him ) imm5se mat]ial = inve/igation4 ,& he is n cont5t ) self-contemplation4 ,8 crav+ = k is a passion2 covet\sness he calls x3 ,9 ?is s\l !re dwells no unselfi%ness2 on ! contr>y1 an all-desir+ self t w\ld see by ! help ( _m z ) its own eyes & grasp z ) its own h&s2 ?is s\l ( m9e w\ld ev5 *oose to br+ back all ! pa/ & n lose any?+ t might belong to x4 ,:at a flame is ?is covet\sness ( m9e6 ,! equally /rong developm5t ( 8 lyrical & critical qualities made a fasc9at+ comb9ation4 ,b x 0 ! cause ( ^? rev]sals ( 8 p]sonal relations :i* deprive 8 c>e] 79 mu* ! same way z ,sr5 ,ki]kega>d's7 ( "s ( ! dignity x might h possess$4 ,:5 a great p]sonality cross$ 8 pa? he call$ all 8 lyricism to arms & ) cla% ( sword on %ield hail$ ! p]son 9 "q z a demigod or a god 7,s*op5hau] & ,ri*>d ,wagn]74 ,:5 lat] on he discov]$ ! limitations ( 8 h]o1 8 en?usiasm 0 apt to turn to hatr$1 & ?is hatr$ f\nd v5t )\t ! smalle/ reg>d to 8 =m] wor%ip4 ,?is *>act]i/ic is (f5sively conspicu\s 9 ,nietzs*e's behavi\r to ,wagn]4 ,b :o kn[s :e!r ?is v lack ( dignity has n contribut$ to increase ! numb] ( ,nietzs*e's admir]s 9 an age t is some:at undignifi$ on ?is po9t6 ,9 ! la/ p]iod ( 8 life ,nietzs*e appe>$ r z a prophet ?an z a ?9k]4 ,he pr$icts ! ,sup]man4 ,& he makes no attempt at logical pro(1 b proce$s f a reliance on ! correctness & sur5ess ( 8 in/9ct1 conv9c$ t he himself repres5ts a life-promot+ pr9ciple & 8 oppon5ts "o ho/ile to life4 ,to him ! object ( exi/5ce is1 ev]y:]e ! production ( g5ius4 ,! high] man 9 our day is l a vessel 9 :i* ! future ( ! race is f]m5t+ 9 an imp5etrable way1 & m ?an "o ( ^! vessels is bur/ or brok5 9 ! process4 ,b ! human race is n ru9$ by ! failure ( a s+le creature4 ,man1 z we "k him1 is only a bridge1 a transition f ! animal to ! sup]man4 ,:at ! ape is 9 relation to man1 a laugh+/ock or a ?+ ( %ame1 t w man be to ! sup]man4 ,hi!rto e species has produc$ some?+ sup]ior to itself4 ,nietzs*e tea*es t man too w & mu/ d ! same4 ,he has drawn a conclusion f ,d>w9ism :i* ,d>w9 himself did n see4 ,9 ! la/ decade ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ,nietzs*e & ,tol/oy appe>$ z ! two opposite poles4 ,nietzs*e's morality is ari/ocratic z ,tol/oy's is popul>1 individuali/ic z ,tol/oy's is evangelical2 x ass]ts ! self-maje/y ( ! individual1 :]e ,tol/oy's proclaims ! necessity ( self-sacrifice4 ,9 ! same decade ,nietzs*e & ,ibs5 7 sometimes comp>$4 ,ibs51 l ,nietzs*e1 0 a combative _s & held entirely alo( f political & practical life4 ,a fir/ po9t ( agreem5t betwe5 !m is t !y bo? laid /ress on n hav+ come ( small folk4 ,ibs5 made kn[n to me 9 a lett] t 8 p>5ts1 bo? on ! fa!r's & ! "m's side1 belong$ to ! mo/ e/eem$ families ( _! day 9 ,ski5 9 ,norway1 relat$ to all ! patrician families ( ! place & c\ntry4 ,ski5 is no _w-city1 & ! ari/ocracy ( ,ski5 is q unkn[n outside x2 b ,ibs5 want$ to make x cle> t 8 bitt]ness aga9/ ! upp] class 9 ,norway 0 9 no wise due to ! ranc\r & envy ( ! outsid]4 ,nietzs*e always made x kn[n to 8 acqua9tances t he 0 desc5d$ f a ,poli% noble family1 al?\gh he possess$ no p$igree4 ,8 correspond5ts took ?is = an ari/ocratic :im1 all ! m because ! "n giv5 out by him1 ,nizky1 by its v spell+ betray$ itself z n ,poli%4 ,b ! fact is o!rwise4 ,! true spell+ ( ! "n is ,nicki1 & a "y ,poli% admir] ( ,nietzs*e1 ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,s*>litt1 has succe$$ 9 prov+ ,nietzs*e's desc5t f ! ,nicki family1 by po9t+ out t its cre/ is to be f\nd 9 a signet :i* = c5turies has be5 an heirloom 9 ! family ( ,nietzs*e4 ,p]haps n q )\t reason1 ,s*>litt !re=e sees 9 ,nietzs*e's ma/]-morality & 8 :ole ari/ocratis+ ( ! view ( ! _w an expression ( ! szla*cic _s inh]it$ f ,poli% ance/ors4 ,nietzs*e & ,ibs51 indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r b l ,r5an1 h sift$ ! ?\ght ( bre$+ moral ari/ocrats4 ,x is ! fav\rite idea ( ,ibs5's ,rosm]2 x rema9s ,dr4 ,/ockmann's4 ,?us ,nietzs*e speaks ( ! high] man z ! prelim9>y aim ( ! race1 be=e ,z>a?u/ra ann\nces ! sup]man4 ,!y meet n[ & !n on ! t]ritory ( psy*ology4 ,ibs5 speaks 9 ,! ,wild ,duck ( ! necessity ( falsehood to life4 ,nietzs*e lov$ life s greatly t ev5 tru? appe>$ to him ( wor? only 9 ! case ( its act+ = ! pres]vation & advancem5t ( life4 ,falsehood is to him an injuri\s & de/ructive p[] only 9 s f> z x is life-con/rict+4 ,x is n objectionable :]e x is necess>y to life4 ,x is /range t a ?9k] :o abhorr$ ,jesuitism z ,nietzs*e did %\ld arrive at ?is /&po9t1 :i* leads directly to ,jesuitism4 ,nietzs*e agrees "h ) _m ( 8 oppon5ts4 ,ibs5 & ,nietzs*e 7 bo? solit>y1 ev5 if !y 7 n at all c>eless z to ! fate ( _! works4 ,x is ! /ronge/ man1 says ,dr4 ,/ockmann1 :o is mo/ isolat$4 ,:o 0 mo/ isolat$1 ,ibs5 or ,nietzs*e8 ,ibs51 :o held back f e alliance ) o!rs1 b expos$ 8 "w to ! masses ( ! !atre-go+ public1 or ,nietzs*e1 :o /ood alone z a ?9k] b z a man cont9ually--ev5 if1 z a rule1 9 va9--spi$ aft] ! l-m9d$ & aft] h]alds1 & ^: works1 9 ! "t ( 8 consci\s life1 rema9$ unread by ! great public1 or 9 any case misund]/ood4 ,decision does n fall lightly to "o :o1 by a :im ( fate1 0 reg>d$ by bo? z an ally4 ,/ill m difficult is ! decision z to :i* ( !m has _h ! deepe/ effect on ! contempor>y m9d & :i* w longe/ reta9 8 fame4 ,b ?is ne$ n conc]n u4 ,:]ev] ,nietzs*e's tea*+ ext5ds1 & :]ev] 8 great & r>e p]sonality is ma/]$1 its attraction & repulsion w alike be p[]ful2 b ev]y:]e x w contribute to ! developm5t & m\ld+ ( ! individual p]sonality4 ,,iv 7#aiji7 ,s9ce ! publication ( ,nietzs*e's collect$ works 0 complet$1 ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e has all[$ ! ,insel-,v]lag ( ,leipzig to issue1 at a high price & = subscrib]s only1 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e's po/hum\s "w ,ecce ,homo1 :i* has be5 ly+ 9 manuscript = m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 & :i* %e h]self _h =m]ly exclud$ f 8 works1 consid]+ t ! ,g]man read+ public 0 n ripe to receive x 9 ! prop] way--:i* we may d\btless int]pret z a fe> on h] "p t ! attitude ( ! book t[>ds ,g]manism & ,*ri/ianity w\ld raise a t]rible outcry4 ,n[ t ,nietzs*e holds undisput$ sway ov] ,g]man m9ds & ex]cises an imm5se influ5ce 9 ! re/ ( ,europe & 9 ,am]ica1 x w c]ta9ly be read ) emotion & discreetly criticis$4 ,x gives u an autobiography1 writt5 dur+ ,nietzs*e's la/ productive mon?s1 almo/ imm$iately be=e ! collapse ( 8 p[]s1 betwe5 ,octob] #ae & ,novemb] #d1 #ahhh2 & 9 ! c\rse ( ?is autobiography ea* ( 8 books is briefly *>act]is$4 ,"h z else:]e ,nietzs*e's ?\ghts are c5tr$ on ! prim>y conceptions ( asc5t & desc5t1 gr[? & decay4 ,br++ himself into relation ) !m1 he f9ds t1 z ! victim ( /ubborn illness & *ronically recurr+ pa91 he is a decad5t2 b at ! same "t1 z "o :o 9 8 inmo/ self is unaffect$ by 8 illness1 nay1 ^: /r5g? & fulness ( life ev5 increase dur+ its attacks1 he is ! v rev]se ( a decad5t1 a be+ :o is 9 process ( rais+ himself to a high] =m ( life4 ,he once m emphasises ! fact t ! ye>s 9 :i* 8 vitality 0 l[e/ 7 j ^? 9 :i* he ?rew (f all melan*oly & recov]$ 8 joy 9 life1 8 en?usiasm = life1 s9ce he _h a ke5 s5se t a sick man has no "r to pessimism4 ,he beg9s by giv+ u pla91 matt]-(-fact in=mation ab\t himself1 speak+ w>mly & pr\dly ( 8 fa!r4 ,! latt] _h be5 tutor to f\r pr9cesses ( ,alt5burg be=e he 0 appo9t$ to 8 liv+4 ,out ( respect-= ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,,iv4 he gave 8 son ! ,hoh5zoll]n names ( ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm1 & he felt ! ev5ts ( #ahdh v ke5ly4 ,8 fa!r only rea*$ ! age ( ?irty-six1 & ,nietzs*e lo/ him :5 he 0 himself five ye>s old4 ,b he ascribes to pat]nal h]$ity 8 ability to feel at home 9 a _w ( high & delicate ?+s 79 e9] ,welt hoh] und z>t] ,d+e74 ,= all t1 ,nietzs*e does n =get to br+ 91 "h z else:]e1 ! supposition ( 8 desc5t f ,poli% noblem52 b he did n "k ?is = a fact1 & x 0 only e/abli%$ by ,s*>litt's inve/igation ( ! family seal4 ,he describes himself z :at we %\ld call a w9n+ p]sonality4 ,he has nev] und]/ood ! art ( ar\s+ ill-feel+ aga9/ himself4 ,he c tame e be>2 he ev5 makes cl[ns behave dec5tly4 ,h[ev] out ( tune ! in/rum5t man may be1 he c coax a pleas+ tone out ( x4 ,dur+ 8 ye>s ( tea*+1 ev5 ! lazie/ became dilig5t "u him4 ,:atev] (f5ce has be5 done him1 has n be5 ! result ( ill-w4 ,! pitiful h w\nd$ him m deeply ?an ! malici\s4 ,nor has he giv5 v5t to feel+s ( rev5ge or ranc\r4 ,8 conflict ) ,*ri/ianity is only "o in/ance among _m ( 8 antagonism to res5tful feel+s4 ,x is an altoge!r diff]5t matt] t 8 v nature is t ( a w>rior4 ,b he conf]s di/9ction on ! objects ( 8 attacks1 & he has nev] wag$ w> on private individuals1 only on types2 ?us 9 ,/rauss he saw no?+ b ! ,culture-,phili/9e4 ,he attributes to himself an extremely vivid & s5sitive in/9ct ( cleanl9ess4 ,at ! fir/ contact ! fil? ly+ at ! base ( ano!r's nature is reveal$ to him4 ,! unclean are !re=e ill at ease 9 8 pres5ce2 nor does ! s5se ( be+ se5 ?r\gh make !m any m fragrant4 ,& ) true psy*ology he adds t 8 greate/ dang]--he means to 8 spiritual heal? & balance--is loa?+ ( mank9d4 ,! loa?+ ( mank9d is d\btless ! be/ mod]n expression = :at ! anci5ts call$ misan?ropy4 ,no "o kn[s :at x is till he has exp]i5c$ x4 ,:5 we read1 = in/ance1 9 our y\? ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great t 9 8 lat] ye>s he 0 possess$ & fett]$ by contempt = m51 ?is appe>s to u an un=tunate peculi>ity :i* ! k+ ought to h ov]come2 = ( c\rse he mu/ h se5 o!r m5 ab\t him besides ^? :o flatt]$ him = ! sake ( advantage4 ,b ! loa?+ ( mank9d is a =ce t surprises & ov]:elms "o1 f$ by hundr$s ( spr+s conceal$ 9 subconsci\sness4 ,"o only detects its pres5ce aft] hav+ long ent]ta9$ x unaw>es4 ,nietzs*e _c be said to h ov]come x2 he fl$ f x1 took refuge 9 solitude1 & liv$ outside ! _w ( m51 alone 9 ! m\nta9s among cold1 fre% spr+s4 ,& ev5 if he felt no loa?+ = individuals1 8 disgu/ ) m5 f\nd a collective outlet1 s9ce he ent]ta9$1 or r work$ up1 a positive horror ( 8 c\ntrym51 s p[]ful t at la/ x breaks out 9 ev]y?+ he writes4 ,x rem9ds u dimly ( ,byron's dislike ( ,engli%m51 ,/5dhal's ( ,fr5*m51 & ,he9e's ( ,g]mans4 ,b x is ( a m viol5t "* ?an ,/5dhal's or ,he9e's1 & x has a pa?os & contempt ( its own4 ,he %[s none ( x at ! outset4 ,9 8 fir/ book1 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 he is no less p>tial to ,g]many ?an ,he9e 0 9 8 fir/1 romantically ,teutonic p]iod4 ,b ,nietzs*e's developm5t c>ri$ him ) a ru% away f ,g]manism1 & 9 ?is la/ book ( 8 ! ^w ,g]man has become some?+ l 8 wor/ t]m ( abuse4 ,he believes only 9 ,fr5* culture2 all o!r culture is a misund]/&+4 ,x makes him angry to see ^? ,fr5*m5 he values mo/1 infect$ by ,g]man _s4 ,?us ,ta9e is1 9 8 op9ion1 corrupt$ by ,hegel's influ5ce4 ,?is impression is "r 9 s f> z ,hegel depriv$ ,ta9e ( "s ( ! ess5tially ,fr5* elem5t :i* he orig9ally possess$1 & ( :i* c]ta9 ( 8 admir]s be=e n[ h pa9fully felt ! loss4 ,b he ov]looks ! effect ( ! /udy ( ,hegel 9 promot+ at ! same "t :at "o might call ! ext5sion ( ,ta9e's intellectual horizon4 ,& ,nietzs*e is satisfi$ ) no n>r[] g5]alisation ( ! case ?an ?is3 ,:]ev] ,g]many ext5ds1 %e ru9s culture4 ,z ?\gh to make sure ( w\nd+ ,g]man national pride1 he decl>es t ,he9ri* ,he9e 7n ,goe!7 gave him ! highe/ idea ( lyric poetry1 & t z conc]ns ,byron's ,manfr$1 he has no words1 only a look1 = ^? :o 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is "w d>e to utt] ! "n ( ,fau/4 ,! ,g]mans1 he ma9ta9s 9 connection ) ,manfr$1 are incapable ( any conception ( greatness4 ,s uncritical has he become t he puts ,manfr$ above ,fau/4 ,9 8 deepe/ in/9cts ,nietzs*e is n[1 z he ass]ts1 s =eign to ev]y?+ ,g]man1 t ! m]e pres5ce ( a ,g]man ret>ds 8 dige/ion4 ,g]man intellect is to him indige/ion2 x c nev] be f9i%$ ) any?+4 ,if he has be5 s en?usia/ic 9 8 devotion to ,wagn]1 if he /ill reg>ds 8 intimate relation%ip ) ,wagn] z ! mo/ pr(\nd refre%m5t ( 8 life1 ?is 0 because 9 ,wagn] he hon\r$ ! =eign]1 because 9 him he saw ! inc>nate prote/ aga9/ all ,g]man virtues4 ,9 8 book1 ,! ,case ( ,wagn]1 he _h already h9t$ t ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 ! glory ( ,g]man nationalism1 0 ( ,jewi% desc5t1 s9ce 8 real fa!r seems to h be5 ! /ep-fa!r1 ,gey]4 ,i c\ld n h surviv$ my y\? )\t ,wagn]1 he says2 ,i 0 condemn$ to ! society ( ,g]mans & _h to take a c\nt]-poison2 ,wagn] 0 ! c\nt]-poison4 ,"h1 by way ( exception1 he g5]alises 8 feel+4 ,we :o 7 *ildr5 9 ! 'fifties1 he says1 necess>ily became pessimi/s 9 reg>d to ! concept ,g]man4 ,we _c be any?+ else ?an revolution>ies4 ,& he expla9s ?is expression ?us3 ,we c ass5t to no /ate ( affairs :i* all[s ! cant+ bigot to be at ! top4 7,hffd+'s prote/ aga9/ ! use ( ! ^w radicalism appli$ to ,nietzs*e1 9 ,mod]ne ,filos(]1 is ?us beside ! m>k47 ,wagn] 0 a revolution>y2 he fl$ f ! ,g]mans4 ,&1 ,nietzs*e adds1 z an arti/1 a man has no o!r home ?an ,p>is--! city :i*1 /rangely en\gh1 he 0 nev]1 to see4 ,he ranks ,wagn] among ! lat] ma/]s ( ,fr5* romanticism--,delacroix1 ,b]lioz1 ,baudelaire--& wisely says no?+ ab\t ! reception ( ,wagn]ian op]a 9 ,p>is "u ! ,empire4 ,9 ev]y?+ ,nietzs*e n[ adopts ! ,fr5* /&-po9t--! old & n>r[ ,fr5* /&po9t--t1 = in/ance1 ( ! eld]ly ,voltaire t[>ds ,%akespe>e4 ,he decl>es "h1 z he has done be=e1 t 8 arti/'s ta/e def5ds ,molire1 ,corneille & ,rac9e1 n )\t bitt]ness 7ni*t ohne ,+rimm7 aga9/ su* a wild 7w/es7 g5ius z ,%akespe>e4 ,/rangely en\gh he repeats "h 8 e/imate ( ,%akespe>e's ,cs> z 8 f9e/ creation1 weak z x is3 ,my highe/ =mula = ,%akespe>e is t he conceiv$ ! type ( ,cs>4 ,x mu/ be add$ t "h aga9 ,nietzs*e ass5ts to ! unhappy delusion t ,%akespe>e nev] wrote ! works t be> 8 "n4 ,nietzs*e is in/9ctively c]ta9 t !y are due to ,bacon1 &1 ignor+ repeat$ demon/rations ( ! impossibility ( ?is fatu\s notion1 he supports 8 conjecture by ! grotesque ass]tion t if he himself _h *ri/5$ 8 ,z>a?u/ra by a "n n 8 own--by ,wagn]'s1 = in/ance--! acum5 ( two ?\s& ye>s w\ld n h suffic$ to guess :o 0 its orig9ator2 no "o w\ld h believ$ x possible t ! au?or ( ,human1 all-too-,human _h conceiv$ ! visions ( ,z>a?u/ra4 ,he all[s ! ,g]mans no hon\r z philosoph]s3 ,leibniz & ,kant 7 ! two greate/ clogs ^u ! intellectual integrity ( ,europe4 ,j :5 a p]fectly sci5tific attitude ( m9d _h be5 atta9$1 !y manag$ to f9d byways back to ! old ideal4 ,& no less passionately does he d5y to ! ,g]mans all hon\r z musicians3 ,a ,g]man _c "k :at music is4 ,! m5 :o pass z ,g]man musicians are =eign]s1 ,slavs1 ,croats1 ,italians1 ,dut*m5 or ,jews4 ,i am ,pole en\gh to give up all o!r music = ,*op9--except ,wagn]'s ,siegfri$-,idyll1 "s ?+s ( ,liszt1 & ! ,italians ,ross9i & ,pietro ,ga/i 7by ?is la/ "n he appe>s to mean 8 fav\rite disciple1 ,kselitz1 :o wrote "u ! pseudonym ( ,pet] ,ga/74 ,he abhors ! ,g]mans z ideali/s4 ,all idealism is falsehood 9 ! face ( necessity4 ,he f9ds a p]nici\s idealism 9 ,h5rik ,ibs5 too1 t typical old maid1 z well1 z 9 o!rs ^: object x is to poison ! clean consci5ce1 ! natural _s1 ( sexual love4 ,& he gives u a clause ( 8 moral code1 9 :i*1 "u ! head ( ,vice1 he combats e k9d ( opposition to ,nature1 or if f9e words are pref]r$1 e k9d ( idealism4 ,! clause runs3 ,prea*+ ( *a/ity is a public incitem5t to unnatural practices4 ,all1 depreciation ( ! sexual life1 all sully+ ( x ) ! ^w 'impure1' is a crime aga9/ ,life itself--is ! real s9 aga9/ ! holy ,_s ( ,life4 ,f9ally he attacks :at he calls ! lic5ti\sness ( ! ,g]mans 9 hi/orical matt]s4 ,g]man hi/orians1 he decl>es1 h lo/ all eye = ! values ( culture2 9 fact1 !y h put ?is p[] ( vision "u ! ban ( ! ,empire4 ,!y claim t a man mu/ 9 ! fir/ place be a ,g]man1 mu/ belong to ! race4 ,if he does1 he is 9 a position to det]m9e values or _! abs5ce3 ! ,g]mans are ?us ! moral ord] ( ! univ]se 9 hi/ory2 comp>$ ) ! p[] ( ! ,roman ,empire !y are ! *ampions ( lib]ty2 comp>$ ) ! eighte5? c5tury !y are ! re/or]s ( morality & ( ! ,categorical ,imp]ative4 ,hi/ory is actually writt5 on ,imp]ial ,g]man & ,antisemitic l9es--& ,h]r von ,treits*ke is n a%am$ ( himself4 ,! ,g]mans h on _! consci5ce e crime aga9/ culture committ$ 9 ! la/ f\r c5turies4 ,z ,nietzs*e 9 8 lat] ye>s 0 nev] tir$ ( ass]t+1 !y depriv$ ! ,r5aissance ( its mean+1 !y wreck$ x by ! ,re=mation2 t is1 by ,lu!r1 an impossible monk :o1 ow+ to 8 impossibility1 attack$ ! ,*ur* & 9 s do+ re/or$ x4 ,! ,ca?olics w\ld h e reason to hon\r ,lu!r's "n4 ,& :51 ^u ! bridge betwe5 two c5turies ( decad5ce1 a =ce majeure ( g5ius & w reveal$ itself1 /rong en\gh to weld ,europe into political & economic unity1 ! ,g]mans f9ally1 ) _! ,w>s ( ,lib]ation1 robb$ ,europe ( ! mean+ ( ,napoleon's exi/5ce1 a prodigy ( mean+4 ,?us !y h ^u _! consci5ce all t foll[$1 nationalism1 ! nvrose nationale f :i* ,europe is suff]+1 & ! p]petuation ( ! sy/em ( little /ates1 ( petty politics4 ,la/ ( all1 ! ,g]mans h ^u _! consci5ce _! attitude to himself1 _! indiff]5ce1 _! lack ( recognition1 ! sil5ce 9 :i* !y buri$ 8 life's "w4 ,! ,g]mans are bad company4 ,& al?\gh 8 autobiography ends ) a poem 9 :i* he affects a scorn ( fame1 t co9 9 :i* ! :ole _w pays1 b :i* he receives ) glov$ h&s & tramples und]foot ) loa?+ --yet 8 failure to w9 r5[n 9 ,g]many dur+ 8 lifetime contribut$ p[]fully to fo/] 8 antipa?y4 ,! exaltation t m>ks ! :ole tone ( ! "w1 ! unre/ra9$ self-e/eem :i* animates x & is om9\s ( ! ne> approa* ( madness1 h n depriv$ ,ecce ,homo ( its "* ( surpass+ greatness4