,,ev]yday ,,objects ,,murray ,,& ,,gibb1 ,,ed9burgh1 ,,pr9t]s ,,to ,,h] ,,maje/y',s ,,/ation]y ,,(fice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ev]yday ,,objects4 7,frontispiece47 ,,ev]yday ,,objects ,,or ,picturesque ,aspects ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,,) ,,num]\s ,,illu/rations4 ,,edit$ ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,circle ,,( ,,! ,,ye>1 ,,sword ,,& ,,p51 ,,be=e ,,! ,,conque/1 ,,etc4 ,to "k ,t :i* ab\t u lies 9 daily life1 ,is ! prime wisdom4 ,,milton4 ,,william ,p4 ,,nimmo3 ,,london3 #ad ,,k+ ,,william ,,/reet1 ,,/r&2 ,,& ,,ed9burgh4 #ahgf4 ,illu/ration ,,preface4 ,illu/ration ,! v fav\rable reception accord$ bo? by ,press & ,public to ! ,circle ( ! ,ye>1 has induc$ me to prep>e a second volume1 simil> 9 design1 b deal+ ) diff]5t bran*es ( ! same subject4 ,z ! =m] 0 f\nd$ on ! fir/ s]ies ( a popul> ,fr5* "w1 ,les ,saisons1 by ,m4 ,hoef]1 s ! pres5t has be5 sugge/$ by ! second s]ies2 b 9 avail+ myself ( x1 ,i h omitt$ mu*1 ,i h revis$ m1 & at v>i\s p>ts my additions h be5 consid]able4 ,& "h1 z 9 my =m] ef=t1 ,i h writt5 f a popul> r ?an a sci5tific po9t ( view4 ,x has n be5 my object to sket* ! outl9es or lay d[n ! f\ndations ( any sci5ce2 b to %[1 z be/ ,i c\ld1 h[ mu* ( wond] & beauty ent]s into our daily life1 & :at inexhau/ible s\rces ( /udy lie at our v feet4 ,x is1 p]haps1 a mis=tune ( our common sy/ems ( education t !y too mu* neglect ! tuition ( ! eye2 t ! "y are n taught to m>k ! curi\s & int]e/+ objects :i* are compreh5d$ )9 _! daily vision2 t !y "k s mu* ab\t anci5t my?ology & s little ab\t mod]n sci5ce1--s mu* ab\t gods & h]oes1 s little ab\t />s & fl[]s4 ,i h call$ ?is volume ,ev]yday ,objects1 n because ^? :i* x describes may be se5 e day1 b because !y mo/ly belong to ! region ( ! commonplace & famili>2 & ,i h call$ x ,picturesque ,aspects ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 because ,i h endeav\r$1 9 companion%ip ) my ,fr5* collaborateur1 to indicate ! poetical side ( ! v>i\s sci5ces into :i* ,i h presum$ to p5etrate4 ,if x %\ld awak5 a love ( nature 9 any brea/1 or develop a _s ( inquiry1 :i* may lead ! /ud5t fur!r & fur!r on ! pa? ( k1 ! lab\r be/[$ ^u ^! pages w n h be5 9 va94 ,! in/9ct ( curiosity1--says ,m4 ,hoef]1 9 8 preface to ! fir/ s]ies ( ,les ,saisons1--is ! awak5+ ( ! intellectual life3 x comm5ces ) ! lisp+ ( ! *ild1 accompanies ! adult 9 e phase ( 8 exi/5ce1 &1 f> f becom+ ext9ct ) ! la/ ?rob ( ! he>t1 revives be=e ! unkn[n %ad[s ( ! grave4 ,:at1 !n1 is !re 9 ! :ole _w ( great] importance to foll[ & direct ?an ! movem5ts & impulses ( ?is curiosity1 ( ^! unc]ta9 pulsations ( ! s\l8 ,9 ?is lies ! secret ( all education2 & ^u education dep5ds ! future ( humanity4 ,un=tunately1 he cont9ues1 ! me?ods hi!rto employ$ h be5 absolutely insuffici5t4 ,& ! insuffici5cy is mo/ notable z reg>ds ! imp]fect & defective tra9+ giv5 to ! in/9ct ( curiosity4 ,obs]ve ! *ild4 ,( ev]y?+ :i* excites 8 att5tion1 he nev] fails to ask y ! reason :y4 ,x is ?us t he ent]s into ! connexion ( cause & effect4 ,x is a sign4 ,b in/ead ( foll[+ up ?is natural indication1 & develop+ ! ?\ght by ! ex]cise ( ! reason1 we proce$ z if ! be+ "u our *>ge 7 incapable ( reason2 we ov]load ! memory ( ! *ild ) a multitude ( words1 ^: value he _c und]/& until lat] 9 life1 & p]haps nev]4 ,! true direction ( ! m9d is to proce$ f ! ?\ght to ! ^w1 & n f ! ^w to ! ?\ght4 ,x is = want ( hav+ recognis$ & appli$ ?is pr9ciple t our educational sy/ems h fail$ s utt]ly4 ,let u take1 = example1 ! /udy ( nature4 ,no sci5ce1 assur$ly1 ought to prove m attractive to ! m9d ?an natural hi/ory4 ,yet m>k h[ repulsive zoology1 botany1 & m9]alogy are made at ! v outset1 by ! dryness ( _! nom5clatures & ! dre>9ess ( _! classifications4 ,und\bt$ly1 x is necess>y to lay d[n a c\rse ( /udy 9 ! mid/ ( ! m>vels :i* ev]y:]e surr\nd u2 und\bt$ly names are requir$ = ! objects :i* attract our notice4 ,b are n ! me?ods we employ directly oppos$ to ! end we set be=e ourselves8 ,i address myself to p>5ts & tea*]s2 & ,i say to !m1 ,d y wi% to inculcate a love ( sci5ce1 & yet put into ! h&s ( y\r *ildr5 or pupils books :i* diff] z widely f ! book ( nature z human bro!rhood--7a fiction67--diff]s f univ]sal gravitation8 ,in/ead ( famili>is+ u at fir/ ) ! animals & plants )9 our ev]yday rea*1 y collect1 "u ! same irrevocable iron =m1 g5]a & species nev] int5d$ to meet 9 any "o p>ticul> zone1 & _m ( :i* are s r>e t few p]sons w ev] be =tunate en\gh to see !m except 9 collections & engrav+s4 ,&1 curi\s to /ate1 ! r>e/ species ne>ly always obta9 y\r pref]5ces2 judg+1 at lea/1 f ! m9ute descriptions :i* y consecrate to !m4 ,mon/r\s absurdity6 ,y seek at a di/ance t :i* lies close to y\r h&s1 z if ! ,ev]yday ,objects above1 b5ea?1 & ar\nd1 7 unwor?y ( ! sci5ce y pr(ess4 ,b "h we mu/ pause4 ,^u ! pr9ciples ?us laid d[n by ,m4 ,hoef]1 h be5 f\nd$ ! two unpret5d+ companion volumes1 ( :i* ! second is n[ submitt$ to ! l5i5t judgm5t ( ! public4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams4 ,illu/ration ,,cont5ts4 ,,book ,i4--,,w9t]4 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,i4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,9 ,,! ,,heav5s3-- ,! ,numb] ( ! ,/>s1 #d ,! ,great ,be> & ! ,little ,be>1 #h ,orion1 #ac ,diurnal ,movem5t1 #ae ,det]m9ation ( ! ,c>d9al ,po9ts1 #ag ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,^u ,,! ,,e>?3-- ,! ,sn[1 #cb ,r$ ,sn[1 #ci ,! ,et]nal ,sn[1 #dd ,! ,inhabitants ( ! ,et]nal ,sn[s1 #dh ,! ,arvicola ,leucurus1 #di ,! ,m>mot1 #ec ,! ,*amois1 #ef ,! ,eagle & ! ,wr51 #eg ,! ,sn[ ,bunt+1 #ff ,! ,r$-bill$ ,cr[1 #fh ,reptiles1 #gj ,inf]ior ,animals1 #ga ,h]bace\s ,plants :i* be/ endure ! ,cold ( ,w9t]1 #ge ,! ,dog ,m]cury1 #gg ,! ,g>d5 ,night%ade1 #hb ,! ,dog's-too? ,grass1 #hh 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,ii4--,,spr+4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,9 ,,! ,,heav5s3-- ,! ,e>?'s ,figure is se5 9 ! ,sky z 9 a ,mirror1 #ajb ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,on ,,! ,,e>?3-- ,causes ( ! ,circulation ( ! ,sap1 #acb ,! ,daisy1 #ach ,! ,tulip1 #aeb ,! ,heliotrope1 #aef ,! ,anemones1 #aeg ,! ,arum1 #afa ,! ,ranunculace1 #afe ,! ,wood-l\se1 #afi ,! ,dragon-flies1 #agd 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,iii4--,,summ]4 ,i4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,9 ,,! ,,heav5s3-- ,! ,adumbrat$ ,sph]e1 #aia ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,on ,,! ,,e>?3-- ,! ,p]ian?1 #bjh ,! ,calyx1 #bjh ,! ,corolla1 #bbc ,! ,prunella1 #bcj ,! ,scutell>ia1 #bce ,! ,lilies1 #bda ,! ,g5tians1 #bej ,an ,alp9e ,excursion1 #bef ,! ,pimp]nel1 #bfj ,! ,mole--,! ,/aphyl9us--,! ,mole ,cricket1 #bfe ,! ,e>wig1 #bgh 99 99 99 99 99 ,,book ,,iv4--,,autumn4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,9 ,,! ,,heav5s3-- ,! ,circle1 & ! uni=m ,movem5t ( ! ,/>s 7accord+ to ! ,!ory ( ! ,anci5ts de/roy$ by ,kepl]71 #bhi ,! ,sol> ,con/itution1 #bib ,result ( rec5t ,a/ronomical ,rese>*es1 #bif ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,on ,,! ,,e>?3-- ,*emical action ( ,light1 #cab ,action ( ,heat1 #cac ,arable ,l&1 #cah ,mu%rooms or ,ag>ics1 #cbe ,! ,numb] ( ,vegetable ,species di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole ,surface ( ! ,globe1 #ccg ,! ,h>ve/ ,bug1 #cdi ,! ,*eese ,mite1 #ced ,! ,numb] ( ,animal ,species di/ribut$ ov] ! :ole ,surface ( ! ,globe1 #cef ,:at is ,*lorophyll8 #cff ,c>nations & ,p9ks1 #cga ,! ,eglant9e & ! ,convolvulus1 #cgi ,metamorphosis3 a ,physico-philosophical ,m$itation1 #chd 99 99 99 99 99 ,,app5dix1 #dje ,,book ,i4 ,,w9t]4 ,la/ly1 came ,w9t] clo?d all 9 frieze1 ,*att]+ 8 tee? = cold t did him *ill2 ,:il/ on 8 ho>y be>d 8 brea? did freeze1 ,& ! dull drops1 t f 8 purpl$ bill ,z f a limbeck did ad[n di/il3 ,9 8 "r h& a tippd /aff he held1 ,) :i* 8 feeble /eps he /ayd /ill2 ,= he 0 fa9t ) cold1 & weak ) eld2 ,t sc>ce 8 loosd limbs he able 0 to wield4 --,,sp5s]1 ,! ,fa]ie ,que5e1 ,canto vi4 7,( ,mutability74 99 99 99 99 99 ,y nak$ trees1 ^: %ady leaves are lo/1 ,:]e9 ! birds 7 wont to build _! b[]1 ,& n[ are clo!d ) moss & ho>y fro/1 ,in/ead ( blossoms1 :]e) y\r buds did fl[]2 ,i see y\r te>s t f y\r b\ghs d ra91 ,^: drops 9 dre>y icicles rema94 --,,sp5s]1 ,! ,%eph]d's ,cal5d>1 ,eclogue ,i4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,9 ,,! ,,heav5s4 ,skies fl[]'d ) />s1 ,violet1 rose1 or pe>l-hu$1 or s(t blue1 ,gold51 or gre51 ! light n[ bl5d$1 n[ ,alt]nate4 --,p4 ,j4 ,,bailey1 ,fe/us4 ,illu/ration ,our obs]vation ( ! cele/ial ph5om5a may mo/ easily be made 9 ! w9t]-"t4 ,!n ! nights are long1 & ! vault ( heav5 is cr[d$ ) />s1 &1 unillum9at$ by ! moon1 exhibits all its spl5d\rs4 ,9 ! o!r seasons ( ! ye>1 & p>ticul>ly 9 summ]1 ! twilight gleam encroa*es1 s to speak1 ^u a portion ( ! nights1 :i* are o!rwise s brief1 & precludes our vision f any exact e/imate ( ! />s4 ,^? demit9ts1 ^? s(t subdu$ reflections ( light1 sc>cely p]mit ! eye to di/+ui% ev5 />s ( ! fir/ & second magnitude1 :i* %9e l spots ( dull gold on a backgr\nd ( pale silv]4 ,,! ,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,/>s4 ,h[ _m are ! />s8 ,to su* a "q comes ! imm$iate answ]1 ,!y are inf9ite 9 numb]4 ,b1 aft] a little m$itation1 we beg9 to p]ceive t ! "q1 app>5tly s simple1 is1 9 reality1 "o ( v great complexity4 ,let u endeav\r to dis5tangle its v>i\s ?reads4 ,we mu/ n =get t1 9 e sci5tific analysis1 x is important we %\ld1 9 ! fir/ place1 sep>ate two intimately unit$ elem5ts1--! individual :o obs]ves1 & ! product ( ! obs]vation4 ,! =m]1 ! s5sorial factor1 is subject to e condition ( space & "t2 ! second1 ! intellectual factor1 t5ds1 by its g5]alisations1 to free itself f ^? v conditions :i* are ! insep>able co-effici5ts ( matt] & movem5t4 ,! individual passes2 save f an out] /&po9t1 we "k n :5ce he comes1 nor :i!r he goes4 ,! product ( ! obs]vation rema9s2 transmissible f g5]ation to g5]ation1 x w gradually exp& & increase1 if x be f\nd$ ^u tru?2 b1 on ! contr>y1 its spl5d\r w wane1 & w ev5tually disappe>1 if x be f\nd$ ^u error4 ,et]nal is ?is spectacle ( actors & puppets succe$+ "o ano!r un9t]rupt$ly ^u ! same /age6 ,z "o falls1 ano!r /eps =w>d into 8 place1 & s ! great army m>*es =w>d ) unbrok5 ranks4 ,he :o1 9 cities p5t1 sees ! sky only ?r\gh a g>ret w9d[1 or 9 ! n>r[ int]vals betwe5 h\se & h\se1 c =m no accurate idea ( ! magnific5ce ( ! firmam5t4 ,! peasant1 ! %eph]d1 or ! lab\r]1 sp5t ) 8 daily "w1 pref]s sleep to a/ronomical vigils2 & ev5 among/ ^? m fav\r$ sons ( =tune1 :o enjoy suffici5t leisure1 b few are f\nd :o feel a g5u9e pleasure 9 ! /udy ( ! />s4 ,?\gh !y are ! poetry ( heav51 _! music is inaudible to ! majority ( s\ls4 ,we cont5t ourselves ) an occasional c>eless glance at _! s]5e lovel9ess1 & !n turn aga9 to ! pleasures or avocations ( commonplace life4 ,b1 come2 let u ar\se ourselves6 ,let u quit ! city = a:ile2 let u ?r[ (f all ?\ght ( its too-engross+ pursuits2 let u f9d "t to c\nt ! />s4 ,g5tle read]s1 ,i ask y to foll[ me4 ,ah1 me6 h[ small is ! tra9 ( foll[]s6 ,h[ great my delusion 9 suppos+ t a complete phalanx ( /ud5ts ( ! cele/ial wond]s w\ld reply to my invitation6 ,we h n[ arriv$ 9 ! op5 c\ntry2 & "h1 on ! summit ( ?is g5tle asc5t1 cr[n$ ) a clump ( leafless trees1 we pause4 ,! sky glitt]s ) a cold1 ke5 light1 :i* is reflect$ back by ! sn[y pla9s4 ,:ile ! eye ranges delight$ly ov] ! />ry vault1 ! e> is /ruck by ! di/ant s\nd ( bells1 :i*1 at ! midnight h\r1 r+ 9 ! infant ye>--r+ 9 s _m hopes & expect$ joys1 & unexpect$ sorr[s--r+ out s _m pass+ pleasures & rudely dissipat$ visions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,z ! *ime glides s(tly ov] ! mead[s1 & along ! res\nd+ vales1 & ?r\gh ! leafless woods1 repeat$ by e*o aft] e*o1 until its music dies away 9 ! di/ance1 l our recollections ( ! dreams ( y\?1 we murmur to ourselves t solemn song ( ! poet1 :i* s aptly bl5ds ! regrets ( ! pa/ ) ! anticipations ( ! future2 we exclaim-- ,r+ out1 wild bells1 to ! wild sky1 ,! fly+ cl\d1 ! fro/y light3 ,! ye> is dy+ 9 ! night2 ,r+ out1 wild bells1 & let him die4 ,r+ out false pride 9 place & blood1 ,! civic sl&] & ! spite2 ,r+ 9 ! love ( tru? & "r1 ,r+ 9 ! common love ( good4 ,r+ out old %apes ( f\l disease2 ,r+ out ! h>r[+ lu/ ( gold2 ,r+ out ! ?\s& w>s ( old1 ,r+ 9 ! ?\s& ye>s ( peace4 ,r+ 9 ! valiant man & free1 ,! l>g] he>t1 ! k9dli] h&2 ,r+ out ! d>kness ( ! l&1 ,r+ 9 ! ,*ri/ t is to be4#a ,! spectacle is maje/ic & impressive4 ,let u seek1 9 ! fir/ place1 to asc]ta9 our position 9 ref]5ce to ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass--! f\r c>d9al po9ts4 ,b h[ is ?is to be done8 ,by day x is easy en\gh4 ,i h only to turn myself t[>ds ! sun :5 x has rea*$ ! highe/ po9t ( its diurnal c\rse1 & !re1 9 front ( me1 lies ! s\?1 9 my re> ! nor?1 ! ea/ on my left1 & on my "r ! we/4 ,b is x possible to asc]ta9 "o's position dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! orb ( day8 ,bo? possible & easy1 provid$ ! sky be cle> & cl\dless4 ,b ?is condition is z necess>y by day z by night4 ,h[ c we det]m9e 9 :i* direction lies ! s\?1 if ! sun be hidd5 f our gaze by an uni=mly opaque atmosph]e1 & if objects1 lit up by a diffuse light1 project no %ad[ at any "t ( ! day8 ,endeav\r to gr\p toge!r ! />s :i* m p>ticul>ly /rike y\r gaze2 & be c>eful1 9 ^! gr\p+s1 to def9e e fanta/ic figure :i* is sugge/$ by y\r vivid imag9ation4 ,und\bt$ly1 our e>lie/ ance/ors1 ! _w's gray =efa!rs1 proce$$ 9 ?is mann]1 9 _! anxiety to lay hold ( "s def9ite guid+-m>ks 9 yond] ocean ( sp>kl+ atoms4 ,& to /udy a sci5ce by its hi/ory is to foll[ up its successive developm5t4 ,,! ,,great ,,& ,,! ,,little ,,be>4 ,obs]ve yond] v rem>kable gr\p ( sev5 />s2 ne>ly all are ( ! same spl5d\r1 & !y are s arrang$ z to figure an antique *>iot1 provid$ ) a some:at curv$ axle pole4 ,obs]ve x c>efully4 ,& n f> f ?is gr\p y w detect ano!r1 by no means s conspicu\s1 b exactly resembl+ x 9 =m4 ,?is second *>iot is turn$ 9 an inv]se direction1 & ! />s compos+ x1 ) ?ree exceptions1 are mu* less brilliant4 ,"h1 !n1 are two gr\ps ( />s1 cle>ly di/+ui%$ by _! configuration--two con/ellations1 = su* is ! sci5tific "n giv5 to all ! /ell> gr\ps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,! ,great ,be> & ,little ,be>4 ,x has be5 ! =tune ( ! fir/ ( ^! two gr\ps to /rike ! eye ( ! mo/ indiff]5t obs]v] f ! remote/ antiquity2 & its lik5ess to a quadriga e>ly procur$ x ! "n ( a c> or *>iot4 ,= ^? ,*ri/ians :o pleas$ !mselves 9 /udd+ ! sky ) ,biblical p]sonages1 x is ,david's ,*>iot4 ,?is species ( apo!osis 0 borr[$ f ! ,pagans4 ,!y plac$ 9 ! skies _! div9ities1 _! demigods1 _! h]oes1 & ! pr9cipal facts & /ories ( _! my?ology4 ,= ! ,greeks & ,romans ! ,*>iot ( ,david 0 ! female ( ! ,be>1 an ursa1 or 4 ,:5ce came ?is transfiguration8 ,li/5 to ! fanciful old my?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,calli/o 0 ! mo/ beautiful ( ! daught]s ( ! ,k+ ,lycaon4 ,jupit]1 :o may appropriately be /yl$ ! ,don ,juan or ,lovelace ( ! hea!n ,olympus1 fell 9 love ) h]2 & %e bore him a son1 nam$ ,arcas1 :o gave 8 "n to ,arcadia1 t l& ( song & fable1 groves & /reams1 :]e ,lycaon ex]cis$ 8 sov]eign sway4 ,juno1 ! que5 ( heav51 & wife ( ! s-call$ k+ ( gods & m51 transport$ by h] jeal\s rage1 *ang$ ,calli/o into a %e-be>2 :o1 "o day1 w\ld h be5 unwitt+ly sla9 by ,arcas1 if ,jupit]1 opportunely appe>+ on ! sc5e1 _h n metamorphos$ ! hunt] into ano!r animal1 ,ursa ,m9or1 or ! ,little ,be>4 ,accord+ to ?is my?1 ! ,little ,be> w be b a trans=mation ( ! =m]1 :o 0 ! ,great ,be>1 or1 be=e all & above all1 ! ,be>4 ,x is some:at surpris+1 accord+ to c]ta9 writ]s1 t ,hom] %\ld ref] to only "o ( ^! con/ellations3-- 4#b 7,! ,be>1 :i* m5 ! ,*>iot also "n74 ,b ! le>n$ comm5tators :o h c5sur$ ! poet = mak+ no di/9ction betwe5 ,ursa ,major & ,ursa ,m9or1 probably nev] look$ at ! />ry vault ) an att5tive eye2 o!rwise1 l all ! _w1 !y might h conv9c$ !mselves t ! sev5 />s1 septem triones 7:5ce ! ^w sept5trion71 =m+ ! beautiful con/ellation1 :i*1 und\bt$ly1 long be=e ,hom]'s "t1 0 kn[n z ,! ,be> or ,! ,cele/ial ,*>iot1 7 all t c\ld be se54 ,) a s+le exception1 ^! />s are ( ! second magnitude--t is to say1 !y1 s f> z reg>ds _! brilliancy1 rank next to ! mo/ brilliant />s ( ! firmam5t4 ,! lea/ conspicu\s /> 9 ! gr\p--"o ( ! ?ird magnitude--occupies ! base ( ! pole ( ! ,cele/ial ,*>iot1 or ( ! ,be>'s tail2 x is ! f\r? /> c\nt+ f ! extremity ( ! tail4 ,on cele/ial *>ts1 x is p>ticul>is$ by ! f\r? lett] ( ! ,greek alphabet1 7delta74 ,obs]ve1 9 pass+1 t ! fir/ ( ^! *>ts1 :]e9 ! />s ( a con/ellation 7 indicat$ by ,greek *>act]s1 appe>$ 9 #afjc1 at ,augsburg1 "u ! title ( ,uranometria4 ,its au?or1 ,jean ,bay]1 an amateur a/ronom]1 :o di$ 9 #affj1 conceiv$ ! idea ( designat+ by ! fir/ lett]s ( ! ,greek alphabet--1 1 1 1 & s on--! mo/ noticeable />s4 ,! animals be>+ ! names ( ! con/ellations are drawn 9 ?is map ) v consid]able c>e2 b x requires1 let u ha/5 to add1 mu* imag9ation & good-w to recognise1 9 ! =m ( a /ell> gr\p1 ! animal %[n 9 ! draw+4 ,?us f> ,ursa ,major4 ,! f\r />s ( ! quadriga1 or *>iot1 h be5 employ$ to =m ! dorso-lumb> region ( ! animal2 ! ?ree o!rs def9e its tail2 &1 f9ally1 tw5ty-f\r little />s1 "s ( :i* are h>dly visible to ! nak$ eye1 compose ! head & paws ( ! cele/ial plantigrade4 ,z = ,ursa ,m9or1 x is impossible to di/+ui% x imm$iately :5 y are unaccu/om$ to survey+ or exam9+ ! cele/ial vault4 ,to detect its position1 y require to be =ew>n$ ( x2 to "k1 9 ! fir/ place1 t !re exi/s 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,be> an exactly simil> /ell> gr\p4 ,! po9t ( ! tail-- 9 ,ursa ,m9or--alone possesses a spl5d\r comp>able to t ( ! pr9cipal />s 9 ,ursa ,major4 ,b h[ con/ruct a figure ) "o />8 ,! f\r o!r />s1 two ( :i* m>k ! ant]ior "p ( ! animal's body1 & two o!rs ! tail1 prop]ly s call$1 are only ( ! ?ird magnitude3 !y are m>k$ 1 1 1 4 ,f9ally1 ! />s :i* def9e ! po/]ior portion1 m>k$ & on ,bay]'s *>t1 are only ( ! f\r? magnitude--9 o!r words1 are sc>cely visible4 ,! eye1 to detect !m1 mu/ be :olly free f any gleam ( light4 ,_m g5]ations pass$ be=e !y succe$$ 9 discov]+ :at a s+le individual solv$ dur+ 8 brief c>e]4 ,all ,hom]'s contempor>ies1 &1 prior to ^!1 t5s ( millions ( mortals1 _h contemplat$ ! sky1 & yet none ( !m _h detect$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,ursa ,major & ,ursa ,m9or4 ,! di/9ction1 !re=e1 is ( a comp>atively rec5t date2 probably does n date back e>li] ?an ! six? c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u recall ourselves1 n[1 to ! "q prop\nd$4 ,! fir/ impression produc$ by ! aspect ( ! sky dur+ a beautiful w9t] night is1 we repeat1 t ! numb] ( ! />s is inf9ite4 ,?is :olly spontane\s ?\ght1 :i*1 to "s ext5t1 imposes itself on ! m9d long be=e ! reason attempts any calculation1 is1 /range to say1 bo? false & true4 ,b h[ c a ?\ght be bo? false & true8 ,no?+ is easi] ?an to expla9 ! seem+ contradiction4 ,we %all return to x h]eaft]1 aft] we h indulg$ 9 "s indisp5sable digressions4 ,,orion4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ & l(tie/ flights ( ,longfell['s imag9ation is to be f\nd 9 8 poem on ! occultation ( ,orion4 ,he has seldom1 if ev]1 s\nd$ a m vigor\s /ra94 ,aft] allud+ to t music ( ! sph]es :i* ,py?agoras dream$ (1 & :i* ,%akespe>e has describ$ 9 a passage ( great beauty1 he cont9ues3-- ,b5ea? ! sky's triumphal ar* ,?is music s\nd$ l a m>*1 ,& ) its *orus seem$ to be ,prelud+ "s great trag$y4 ,sirius 0 ris+ 9 ! ea/2 ,&1 sl[ asc5d+ "o by "o1 ,! k9dl+ con/ellations %one4 ,begirt ) _m a blaz+ />1 ,/ood ! great giant ,algeb>1 ,orion1 hunt] ( ! bea/6 ,8 sword hung gleam+ by 8 side2 ,&1 on 8 arm1 ! lion's hide ,scatt]$ across ! midnight air ,! gold5 radiance ( its hair4 ,! mo/ anci5t obs]v] :o wi%$1 ) 8 own eyes1 to assure himself :e!r ! numb] ( ! />s 0 inf9ite1 mu/ h quickly p]ceiv$ t1 9 spite ( an app>5t impossibility1 x is no difficult task to complete _! enum]ation4 ,to execute ?is op]ation conv5i5tly1 h[ev]1 we mu/ inv5t a process2 & ( all processes1 ! simple/1 & t :i* fir/ occurs to ! m9d1 is to gr\p ! />s by configurations :i*1 to a c]ta9 degree1 are mnemo-te*nical4 ,su*1 9 our belief1 is ! true orig9--a po9t s (t5 & labori\sly discuss$--( ! a/]isms or con/ellations4 ,_! fanciful1 my?ological1 or poetical embelli%m5ts1 are ( lat] date4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! c5sus or enum]ation ( ! />s1 :i* we suppose to h comm5c$ dur+ our w9t] nights1 mu/ at fir/ h be5 limit$ to ! mo/ *>act]i/ic gr\ps1 compos$ ( ! mo/ brilliant po9ts4 ,9 ?is sci5tific lab\r ! fir/ rank w\ld necess>ily be occupi$ by ,arctos 7or ,ursa ,major7 & ,orion4 ,:y8 ,because ^! two con/ellations attract & rivet ev]ybody's gaze4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,orion4 ,orion is situat$ on ! side opposite to ! ,great ,be>4 ,x is ! mo/ beautiful con/ellation 9 our we/]n sky4 ,y may easily recognise x by ?ree />s1 v close toge!r1 :i* are inscrib$1 z x 71 9 ! c5tre ( a great trapezium ( f\r />s1 two ( :i* are ( ! fir/ magnitude4 ,b5ea? ! ?ree fir/ />s1 call$ ! ,?ree ,k+s1 or ,orion's ,belt1 is visible a small /ell> gr\p ( ! f\r? & fif? magnitude1 ne> :i*1 ) a good av]age glass1 may be di/+ui%$ ! l>ge/ & mo/ rem>kable ( ! nebul4 ,"h we f9d ! my?ologi/s--^? !ologians ( ! ,greco-,roman poly!ism--at disagreem5t4 ,accord+ to an anci5t leg5d1 immortalis$ by ,hom]-- ,aurora s\ght ,orion's love1444 ,till1 9 ,ortygia1 ,dian's w+d d>t ,_h pi]c$ ! hapless hunt] to ! he>t4#c ,! giant1 9 ! l[] _w1 is /ill animat$ by a burn+ passion = ! *ase-- ,!re huge ,orion1 ( port5t\s size1 ,swift ?r\gh ! gloom a giant-hunt] flies2 ,a pond]\s mace ( brass1 ) direful sway1 ,al(t he :irls1 to cru% ! savage prey2 ,/]n bea/s 9 tra9s t by 8 trun*eon fell1 ,n[1 grisly =ms1 %oot o'er ! lawns ( hell4#d ,accord+ to lat] traditions1 ! giant ,orion1 son ( ,tura & ,neptune1 0 end[$ by 8 fa!r ) ! faculty ( walk+ ^u ! sea z well z ^u e>?4 ,he ab&on$ himself to ! fi]ce joys ( ! *ase 9 ! wood$ isle ( ,crete1 to ^: %ades he _h accompani$ ,diana & ,latona4 ,swoll5 ) pride1 he defi$ to combat all ! mon/]s ( ! univ]se1 & 0 sla9 by a scorpion :i* ! e>? _h eng5d]$ "u 8 feet4 ,b1 ?r\gh ! int]cession ( ,diana1 a place 0 giv5 to him 9 ! firmam5t opposite ,scorpio4 ,,diurnal ,,movem5t4 ,let u put aside ^! dreams ( ! _w's y\?1 & return to ! reality4 ,nature1 trans=m$ by ! anci5ts into a multiple div9ity1 nev] fails to ov]:elm ) surprise ! obs]v] :o int]rogates h] ) simplicity & )\t any preconc]t$ sy/em4 ,& x 0 ?us t he :o fir/ und]took to enum]ate ! />s1 by ! help ( ! con/ellations1 made at once ! greate/ & mo/ unexpect$ discov]y4 ,:at1 9 fact1 0 n 8 a/oni%m5t on see+ ! gradual displacem5t ( objects :i*1 at ! fir/ glance1 appe>$ immovable6 ,to ?is v natural a/oni%m5t soon succe$$1 we d\bt n1 a desire to analyse ! ph5om5on4 ,! mo/ beautiful con/ellations ( ! firmam5t1 ,ursa & ,orion1 w h _! po9ts ( rep]y on ! />-gemm$ sph]e4 ,an att5tive /udy1 eag]ly pursu$ ?r\gh a c]ta9 lapse ( "t1 w\ld tea* him t ,orion rises & sets l ! sun & ! moon1 :ile ! ,be>1 rema9+ p]petually above ! horizon1 nei!r rises nor sets4 ,/imulat$ by curiosity1 ! obs]v] w\ld aft]w>ds assure himself t ! :ole ( ! cele/ial vault revolv$ ^u an axis1 :ile ! />s divid$ into gr\ps2 rema9 fix$1 fix$ 9 ?is s5se1 t !y con/antly ma9ta9 among !mselves ! same relations ( di/ance4 ,! idea ( a solid sph]e1 to :i* ! />s 7 atta*$ l gold5 nails1 !n came q naturally to ! human m9d4 ,su*1 und\bt$ly1 0 ! orig9 ( ! discov]y ( diurnal movem5t2 ( t g5]al movem5t :i* c>ries all ! />s f we/ to ea/1 to br+ !m back to ! same po9ts 9 ! c\rse ( "o complete day4 ,to he> our pr(essors ( a/ronomy inv>iably repeat+1 t ! spectator ( ! />ry vault may see1 e mom5t1 new />s ris+ above ! horizon1--may see !m m\nt ! sky1--halt 9 _! upw>d m>* :5 !y h atta9$ a c]ta9 elevation1--aft]w>ds re-desc5d1 & pass bel[ ! horizon2--to he>1 we say1 ^! words incessantly reproduc$1 "o w\ld ?9k t a cursory glance at ! sky w\ld suffice to reveal ! g5]al movem5t1 & t :at is )9 ! k5 ( ! fir/ com]1 %\ld n be call$ a discov]y4 ,b we see 9 ?is ano!r ( ^? illusions :i* bl9d contempor>ies z to ! "t-long ef=ts ( _! pr$ecessors to discov] ! v results :i* long ago became our common patrimony4 ,unque/ionably1 if y h eyes1 y _c fail to see ! app>5t movem5t ( ! e>? & moon2 b f !nce to ! relation ( ! :ole cele/ial sph]e is a wide int]val4 ,h[ _m m5 are !re :o possess1 on ! "o h&1 suffici5t pati5ce to fix _! gaze only = a c\ple ( h\rs on ! same po9t ( ! />ry firmam5t2 &1 on ! o!r1 suffici5t intellig5ce to e/imate ! relation ( ?is po9t to a fix$ po9t ( ! horizon1 & to measure1 by ! ?\ght1 ! int]val sep>at+ ^! two po9ts8 ,let ea* "o ask himself4 ,,det]m9ation ,,( ,,! ,,c>d9al ,,po9ts4 ,h[ev] x may be1 ! discov]y ( ! rotation ( ! cele/ial sy/em mu/ h be5 rapidly br\ght to p]fection z x 0 transmitt$ f "o g5]ation to ano!r4 ,x mu/ soon h be5 recognis$ t ?is sph]e is incl9$ 9 su* a mann] t "o ( its poles--! poles ( ! _w1 :i*1 9 reality1 are simply ! prolong$ extremities ( ! axis ( t]re/rial rotation--is always above ! horizon1 :ile ! o!r rema9s bel[4 ,& ?is ph5om5on w\ld lead to ! geometrical conception ( an axis ( rotation ( ! cele/ial sph]e4 ,?us we may expla91 ) p]fect ease1 :y ! ,be> & ! neighb\r+ con/ellations %\ld describe p]fect circles1 & ! o!r & m di/ant con/ellations only arcs ( circles1 ( a great] or less] diamet]2 f9ally1 )\t ev5 look+ at ! sky1 we c und]/& t "s />s !re are :i* %[ !mselves on ! horizon1 only to disappe> imm$iately1 & o!rs :i* rema9 completely invisible to ! inhabitants ( our climates4 ,by a s+ul>ly =tunate co9cid5ce1 ! pole1 t geometrical po9t ar\nd :i* revolve ^? circumpol> con/ellations t are cont9ually above our horizon1 is occupi$ by a /> well kn[n to fame1 & h5ce1 on ! fai? ( its r5[n1 suppos$ by _m p to be a /> ( peculi> brilliancy4#e ,x is nam$ ! ,pol> ,/> 7 9 ,ursa ,m9or71 & is betwe5 ! second & ?ird magnitude4 ,n[ if1 ) arms ext5d$1 we s place ourselves t our back %all be turn$ to ,pol>is1 we %all h opposite to u ! po9t ( ! arc occupi$ by ! sun at noon2 on our left ! ea/1 & on our "r ! we/4 ,x is ?us we may easily le>n our position 9 ! abs5ce ( ! orb ( day4 ,! discov]y ( ?is simple mode ( guidance 01 nev]!less1 an epo* 9 hi/ory4 ,f !nce ! m>9] grew bold en\gh to quit ! coa/1 :i* he _h hi!rto hugg$ ) timor\s prud5ce1 & v5ture out into ! op5 sea4 ,!nce=?1 ! d>kness disappe>$2 new c\ntries 7 reveal$ to "o ano!r1 & nations1 :i* f "t immemorial _h rema9$ ap>t1 7 br\ght into frequ5t communication4 ,x 0 ) eyes fix$ ^u ! ,be>1 :i* alone does n ba! itself 9 ! wat]s ( ,ocean1 t ,ulysses set out f ,calypso's en*ant$ isl&4 ,accord+ to ,hom]1 :o reflects 9 8 immortal "w ! condition ( sci5tific k among 8 contempor>ies1 ! ocean 0 a great broad riv]1 surr\nd+ ! e>? ) circumflu5t volume1 & 9 its waves ! />s 7 ba!d or ext+ui%$ 9 ! ev5+1 to be rek9dl$ 9 ! morn+ on ! opposite side4 ,by say+ t ! ,be> alone does n ba! 9 ! wat]s ( ,ocean#f-- -- ! poet pla9ly %[s t ,ursa ,m9or1 & ! o!r circumpol> con/ellations1 7 unkn[n 9 8 "t4 ,if ! k ( ^! con/ellations 0 f ! beg9n+ s useful & s necess>y to navigation1 ! con/ellation ne>e/ to ! pole c\ld n1 at fir/1 h s]v$ z a guide to any b a p ess5tially m>itime4 ,& "h we f9d ! ,phnicians1 or ,tyrians1 9 ! =emo/ rank4 ,aft] rem9d+ u t ,ursa ,major 0 also call$ ,helice1 or ! spiral1 z 9 ! fam\s passage 9 ! ,argonauta ( ,apollonius ,rhodius1-- ,night 9 ! ea/ p\r$ d>kness2 on ! sea ,! wakeful sailor to ,orion's /> ,& ,helic turn$ he$ful1-- & ,ursa ,m9or1 ,cynosura1--t is1 ! dog's tail1--,manilius1#g a ,lat9 poet1 :o wrote at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 goes on to say3-- ,at "o ( ! extremities ( ! _w's axis are two con/ellations1 well kn[n to ! hapless m>9]3 !y are 8 guides :5 ! bait ( ga9 impels him across ! ocean4 ,helice is ! l>g]1 & describes ! l>g] circle3 x is recognis$ by its sev5 />s1 :i* rival "o ano!r 9 spl5d\r2 & by ?is x is t ! ,greeks /e] _! b>ks4 ,! small]1 ,cynosura1 describes a less] circle3 x is inf]ior bo? 9 size & lu/re2 b1 accord+ to ! witness ( ! ,tyrians1 is ( great] importance4 ,= ! ,phnicians no saf] guide exi/s :5 !y seek to approa* a coa/ invisible f ! high seas4 ,! te/imony ( ,manilius is confirm$ by t ( ,aratus & ,/rabo4 ,! pseudo-,erato/h5es1 9 8 book on ! con/ellations1 ref]s to ,ursa ,m9or "u ! "n ( 1 ! ,phnician4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 to be e/abli%$ t ! ,phnicians 7 ! fir/ to gr\p a con/ellation ( ! same g5]al outl9e z ,helice1 ! ,little ,be>1 or ,ursa ,m9or4 ,b t1 z we h already expla9$1 ! two con/ellations d n lie 9 ! same direction1 e "o may see3 ,nec p>ibus posit sunt frontibus2 utraque caudam ,v]git 9 alt]ius ro/rum1 sequiturque sequ5tem4#h ,n 9 ! same direction d !y face3 ,! "o its tail t[>ds ! o!r's sn\t ,turns1 & !y ?us1 pursu+1 ea* pursue4 ,c]ta9 x is t ! ,phnicians1 z exp]i5c$ seam51 w\ld guide _! c\rse by ! con/ellation ly+ ne>e/ to ! pole4 ,b 0 ?is con/ellation ! same :i* we n[-a-days call ,ursa ,m9or8 ,x is q all[able = u to put su* a "q1 because ev]ybody kn[s t1 ow+ to ! movem5t ( ! t]re/rial axis ar\nd ! poles ( ! ecliptic1 ! axis ( ! _w 7! t]re/rial axis prolong$7 is displac$ to an ext5t :i* becomes p]fectly appreciable at ! end ( a c]ta9 "t4#i ,we may calculate1 !re=e1 t ! pole1 n[ situat$1 z we h already said1 ne> ! /> ,pol>is 7 9 ,ursa ,m9or71 0 =m]ly at "s di/ance f x4 ,s1 at ! epo* ( ! greate/ prosp]ity ( ! ,phnician p1 or ab\t ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 ! nor? pole w\ld ne>ly correspond ) a /> 9 ,draco1 n[ #bd #eb' di/ant4 ,?is con/ellation is %[n 9 fig4 #b1 betwe5 ,ursa ,major & ,ursa ,m9or2 ! 9 ,draco is a /> surr\nd$ by a circle1 l ! ,pol> ,/>1 9 ,ursa ,m9or4 99 99 99 99 99 ,t ! con/ellation ( ,draco 0 well kn[n to ! anci5ts1 we may ga!r f a passage 9 ! ,ph5om5a ( ,aratus1 a "w p>tly translat$ by ,cic]o3-- ,! ,dragon1 l ! s9u\s c\rse ( a riv]1 uncoils 8 long scaly body1 & surr\nds ) undulat+ folds ! two con/ellations ( ,ursa ,major & ,ursa ,m9or4 ,br++ toge!r ^! diff]5t facts = ! sake ( comp>ison1 we arrive at ! conclusion t ! ,pol> ,/>1 by ^: sc9tillat+ light ! e>ly m>9]s /e]$ _! t9y keels1 0 n ! ,pol>is ( to-day-- 9 ,ursa ,m9or--b 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,dragon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,arabs1 ^? navigators ( ! ,wat]less ,sea 7z !y poetically designate ! des]t ( ,sah>a71 h be/[$ p>ticul> appellations on sev]al />s2 b !y guide !mselves r by _! radiance ?an by _! position4 ,?us1 su* />s z ,draco1 ,cepheus1 ,cygnus1 :i* h occupi$1 &1 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies1 w aga9 occupy ! place ( ,pol>is1 h receiv$ no special d5om9ation2 :ile ! />s ( ,ursa ,major1 & 7occupy+ ! po/]ior angles ( ! *>iot71 are call$ ,dubke & ,m]ak2#aj 1 1 1 1 1 :i* foll[ 9 due succession--,phega1 or ,phad1 ,megrez1 ,alio?1 ,miz>1 & ,ackar1 or ,b5etnas*4 ,c]ta9 />s 9 ! same con/ellation1 :i* are b>ely visible1 h also receiv$ di/9ctive names3 su* is ,alcor1 a /> betwe5 ! fif? & six? magnitude1 9 ! tail ( ,ursa ,major1 betwe5 ,miz> & ,b5etnas*4 ,?is />1 x is true1 _h a special use3 x s]v$ ! ,arabs z ! te/ ( a good eyesight4 ,a fur!r pro( t ! ,arabs f\nd$ _! /ell> nom5clature almo/ exclusively ^u ! lu/re & col\r ( ! />s1 is obvi\s 9 ! names :i* !y gave to ! />s =m+ ! con/ellation ( ,orion4 7,see ,fig4 #b47 ,?us1 & 1 two />s ( ! fir/ magnitude1 occupy+ ! "r or ea/]n %\ld]1 & ! left or we/]n foot ( ! giant-hunt]1 are call$ respectively1 ,betelguese & ,rigel2 ! /> 1 nam$ ,bellatrix1 9 ! left %\ld]1 is ( ! second magnitude1 l ! />s 1 1 1 :i* repres5t ,orion's ,belt1 & be> ! names ( ! ,?ree ,k+s & ,/ ,james's ,/aff4 ,n[ ! /> m>k+ ! "r knee or inf]ior ea/]n angle ( ! brilliant trapezium1 is only ( ! ?ird magnitude2 !re=e1 x has receiv$ no special designation4 ,! col\r by :i* "s />s are di/+ui%$ c\ld n h fail$ to be rem>k$ by ^? obs]v]s :o fir/ began to enum]ate1 or take c5sus (1 ! cele/ial bodies4 ,?us ,sirius1 ! mo/ refulg5t ( ! />s ( heav51 situat$ 9 ,canis ,major1 is ( a blui%-:ite1 l ,rigel2 & ,arcturus1 situat$ on ! prolongation ( ! tail ( ,ursa ,major1 is r$di%-yell[1 l ,betelguese4 ,sirius1 or ! ,dog-/>1 rose heliacally at ! hotte/ "t ( ! ye>1 & h5ce ! ,greeks 7 accu/om$ to ascribe all ! diseases ( ! season to its influ5ce4 ,x 0-- ,! /> ,autumnal2 ( all />s1 9 dead ( night1 ,conspicu\s mo/1 & nam$ ,orion's dog3 ,brighte/ x %9es1 b om9\s1 & dire ,disease port5ds to mis]able man4 ,to sum up3 ! figurative gr\p+ ( ! />s1 ! v>iety ( _! lum9\s magnific5ce1 _! position t[>ds ,pol>is1 ! det]m9ation ( t position by ! longitud9al circles pass+ ?r\gh ! axis ( ! _w1 & twi/$ p]p5dicul>ly to ?is axis by ! circles p>allel to ! ,equator1--su* is ! aggregate ( ! elem5ts :i* mu/1 at a v e>ly p]iod1 h presid$ ov] ! enum]ation ( ^? sp>kl+ po9ts1 ea* ( :i* is ! c5tre ( a sy/em4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f9ally1 are !re any />s :i* ! eye _c p]ceive8 ,su* a "q w\ld nev] h be5 prop\nd$ to ! anci5ts4 ,& :y8 ,because no reason+ w\ld h drawn f !m an admission t x 0 possible by artificial means to enl>ge ! range ( our eyesight4 ,!y w\ld h deem$ x madness to pret5d to improve & develope :at is n ( human creation2 ! visual app>atus1 z x is be/[$ on u by nature1 !y suppos$ to be ! mo/ p]fect in/rum5t :i* man c\ld imag9e4 ,&1 9 tru?1 no?+ c\ld fairly be object$ to ?is way ( look+ at ?+s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! #dh con/ellations 7#ba nor!rn1 #ab zodiacal1 & #ae au/ral7 indicat$ by ,ptolemu1 conta9 a total ( #ajbf />s1 ^: relative positions _h be5 det]m9$ by ,hipp>*us4 ,to und]take an enum]ation ( ! />s1 & to transmit ! result to po/]ity1 appe>$ to ,pl9y an audacity be=e :i* ev5 a god w\ld h recoil$ 7,hipp>*us--ausus1 rem etiam ,deo improbam1 annum]>e po/]is /ellas74#aa ,yet num]\s d\bts _h already ris5 9 ! m9d ( ,hipp>*us z to ! accuracy ( ! numb] recognis$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! anci5ts und\bt$ly knew1 z we d1 t ! visual faculty is n ! same 9 all individuals2 t !re are "s :o1 9 ! same cele/ial space1 see m />s ?an o!rs4 ,_m p]sons c disc]n up to />s ( ! sev5? magnitude1 :ile ) o!rs ! sight fails f> )9 t limit4 ,! anci5ts mu/ also h kn[n1 z we d1 t1 = ! enum]ation to be complete1 ! sky mu/ be obs]v$ f all ! po9ts ( ! t]re/rial surface on :i* man is plant$4 ,ev5 9 our own days ! catalogues ( ! s\!rn heav5s are f> f be+ p]fect4 ,f9ally1 m ?an two ?\s& ye>s be=e ! "t ( ,galileo1 ,democritus _h already enunciat$ ! op9ion t ! ,milky ,way 0 a mass ( innum]able />s4 ,all ^! signs %\ld h be5 accept$ z w>n+s aga9/ premature affirmations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! inv5tion ( telescopes sudd5ly enl>g$ ! "q1 & x became necess>y to e/abli% a l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! numb] ( />s visible to ! nak$ eye & ! numb] visible ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! telescope4 ,argel&]1 ! au?or ( ! ,uranometria1 has f\nd t ! />s visible to ! nak$ eye1 ov] ! entire surface ( ! heav5s1 range f #ejjj to #ehjj4 ,otto ,/ruve1 employ+ ,h]s*el's me?od ( computation1 has e/imat$ at upw>ds ( tw5ty millions 7#bj1cgd1jcd7 ! numb] ( />s visible ) ! ,h]s*el #bj-;feet telescope4 ,b1 9 pres5ce ( all ! nebul resolvable into /ell> masses1 & be=e ! developm5t ( ! artificial range ( our sight1--9 pres5ce1 f9ally1 ( t hopeless p]spective :i* ! m we discov] ! m we p]ceive h[ mu* !re rema9s to discov]1--are we n =cibly c>ri$ back to our po9t ( dep>ture8 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,ought n ! imag9ation :i*1 at ! fir/ glance1 l$ u to believe ! numb] ( />s to be inf9ite1--ought x n to draw u ne>] to ! tru?8 ,h[ %\ld ! imag9ation reveal to u1 )\t difficulty1 :at ! intellect1 assi/$ by ! s5ses1 c only discov] aft] ages ( assidu\s ex]tion8 ,^! que/ions1 x seems to u1 are wor?y ( our /udi\s consid]ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we subjo9 a table ( ! con/ellations 9 bo? hemisph]es1 ) ! numb] ( />s 9 ea*1 = ! conv5i5ce ( our y\ng] read]s4 ,,nor!rn ,,con/ellations4 ,ursa ,m9or1 ! ,less] ,be>1 #bd ,ursa ,major1 ! ,great ,be>1 #hg ,p]seus1 & ,head ( ,m$usa1 #ei ,auriga1 ! ,*>iote]1 #ff ,botes1 ! ,h]dsman1 #ed ,draco1 ! ,dragon1 #hj ,cepheus1 #ce ,canes ,v5atici1 ! ,greyh\nds ,a/]ia & ,*>a1 #bh ,cor ,c>oli 7,he>t ( ,*>les ,,ii471 #c ,triangulum1 ! ,triangle1 #af ,triangulum ,m9us1 ! ,less] ,triangle1 #aj ,musca1 ! ,fly1 #f ,lynx1 #dd ,leo ,m9or1 ! ,less] ,lion1 #ec ,coma ,b]5icis1 ,hair ( ,que5 ,b]5ice1 #dc ,cameleop>dalis1 ! ,giraffe1 #eh ,mons ,m5elaus1 ,mt4 ,m5elaus1 #d ,corona ,borealis1 ! ,nor!rn ,cr[n1 #ba ,s]p5s1 ! ,s]p5t1 #fd ,scutum ,sobieski1 ,sobieski's ,%ield1 #h ,h]cules1 ) ! ,dog ,c]b]us1 #aac ,s]p5t>ius1 or ,ophiu*us1 ! ,s]p5t-,be>]1 #gd ,taurus ,poniat[ski1 ,poniat[ski's ,bull1 #g ,lyra1 ! ,h>p1 #bb ,vulpeculus et ,ans]1 ! ,fox & ,goose1 #cg ,sagitta1 ! ,arr[1 #ah ,aquila1 ! ,eagle1 ) ,ant9\s1 #ga ,delph9us1 ! ,dolph91 #ah ,cygnus1 ! ,swan1 #ha ,cassiopeia1 ! ,lady 9 h] ,*air1 #ee ,equulus1 ! ,horse's ,head1 #aj ,lac]ta1 ! ,liz>d1 #af ,pegasus1 ! ,fly+ ,horse1 #hi ,&rom$a1 #aa ,t>&us1 ! ,re9-de]1 #ab ,,s\!rn ,,con/ellations4 ,phnix1 #ac ,app>atus ,sculptoris1 ! ,sculptor's ,tools1 #ab ,eridanus ,fluvius1 ! ,riv] ,po1 #hd ,hydrus1 ! ,wat]-,snake1 #aj ,cetus1 ! ,:ale1 #ig ,=nax ,*emica1 ! ,*emical ,furnace1 #ai ,horologium1 ! ,clock1 #ab ,rheticulus ,rhomboidialus1 #aj ,xiphias ,dorado1 ! ,sword-,fi%1 #g ,celapraxitellis1 ! ,engrav]'s ,tools1 #af ,lepus1 ! ,h>e1 #ai ,columba ,noa*i1 ,noah's ,dove1 #aj ,orion1 #gh ,argo ,navis1 ! ,%ip ,argo1 #fd ,canis ,major1 ! ,great ,dog1 #ca ,equulus ,pictoris1 #h ,monoc]os1 ! ,unicorn1 #ca ,canis ,m9or1 ! ,less] ,dog1 #ad ,*ameleon1 #aj ,pyxis ,nautica1 ! ,m>9]'s ,compass1 #d ,piscis ,volans1 ! ,fly+-,fi%1 #h ,hydra1 ! ,s]p5t1 #fj ,sextans1 ! ,sextant1 #da ,robur ,c>ol9um 7,*>les ,,ii4's ,oak71 #ab ,antlia ,pneumatica1 ! ,air-,pump1 #c ,crat]1 ! ,cup1 #ca ,corvus1 ! ,cr[1 #i ,crux1 ! ,cross1 #f ,apis ,musca1 ! ,bee or ,fly1 #d ,avis ,indica1 ! ,bird ( ,p>adise1 #aa ,circ9us1 ! ,m>9]'s ,compass1 #d ,c5taurus1 ! ,c5taur1 #ce ,lupus1 ! ,wolf1 #bd ,norma1 or ,euclid's ,squ>e1 #ab ,triangulum ,au/rale1 ! ,s\!rn ,triangle1 #e ,ara1 ! ,alt>1 #i ,telescopium1 ! ,telescope1 #i ,corona ,au/ralis1 ! ,s\!rn ,cr[n1 #ab ,pavo1 ! ,peacock1 #ad ,indus1 ! ,indian1 #ab ,microscopium1 ! ,microscope1 #aj ,octans ,hadli5sis1 ,hadley's ,octant1 #dc ,grus1 ! ,crane1 #ad ,t\can1 ! ,am]ican ,goose1 #i ,piscis ,au/ralis1 ! ,s\!rn ,fi%1 #bd ,mons ,m5sa1 ! ,table ,m\nta91 #cj ,,zodiacal ,,con/ellations4 ,aries1 ! ,ram1 #ff ,taurus1 ! ,bull1 #ada ,gem9i1 ! ,tw9s1 #he ,canc]1 ! ,crab1 #hc ,leo1 ! ,lion1 #ie ,virgo1 ! ,virg91 #aaj ,libra1 ! ,balance1 #ea ,scorpio1 ! ,scorpion1 #dd ,sagitt>ius1 ! ,ar*]1 #fi ,capricornus1 ! ,goat1 #ea ,aqu>ius1 ! ,wat]-,be>]1 #ajh ,pisces1 ! ,fi%es1 #aac ,,footnotes ,footnote #a3 ,t5nyson1 ,9 ,memoriam1 cvi4 ,footnote #b3 ,hom]1 ,odyssey1 v4 #bgc4 ,footnote #c3 ,hom]1 ,odyssey1 ,book v41 #aba-abd4 ,footnote #d3 ,ibid41 ,book xi41 #ega-egd4 ,footnote #e3 ,! pole-/>1 h[ev]1 is n ! true pol> po9t1 b di/ant f x ab\t #a #cb'1 :i*1 9 ,a4,d4 #bajj1 w be decreas$ to #bf' #cj4 ,footnote #f3 ,hom]1 ,odyssey1 ,book v41 #bge4 ,footnote #g3 ,manilius1 ,a/ronomicon1 ,book i41 #bia-cjj4 ,footnote #h3 ,manilius1 ,a/ronomicon1 i41 #cjh1 #cji4 ,footnote #i3 ,?is displacem5t am\nts to ab\t fifty seconds annually1 or1 m accurately1 to #ej4c4 ,x is easy1 !re=e1 to calculate t ! complete rotation ( ! t]re/rial axis ar\nd ! poles ( ! ecliptic w occupy #be1gfe ye>s4 ,footnote #aj3 ,^! are also call$ ! ,po9t]s1 because an imag9>y l9e f ! l[] to ! upp]1 prolong$ 9 ! same direction1 passes ne>ly ov] ! ,pol> ,/>4 ,footnote #aa3 ,pl9y1 ,hi/oria ,naturalis1 ,book ii41 #bd4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,^u ,,! ,,e>?4 ,ah1 bitt] *ill x 06 ,! owl1 = all 8 fea!rs1 0 a-cold2 ,! h>e limp$ trembl+ ?r\gh ! froz5 grass1 ,& sil5t 0 ! flock 9 woolly fold4 --,,keats4 ,illu/ration ,! w9t] ( #ahfg-fh w c\nt among ! sev]e/ record$ 9 meteorological annals4 ,z e>ly z ! w9t] sol/ice ! cold began to make itself felt4 ,9 a few days ! c5tigrade !rmomet] sank to #ab bel[ z]o1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( a v ke5 nor?-ea/ w9d4 ,at ,p>is1 :]e1 on an av]age1 ! w9t] temp]ature is two degrees high] ?an 9 ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 ! ,se9e 0 completely froz5 = upw>ds ( a =tnight4 ,to meet ) a simil> ph5om5on we mu/ g back z f> z #aghh4 ,9 ,janu>y #ahcj1 :51 on ! #ag?1 ! temp]ature sank d[n to #ag4c1 ! ,se9e 0 also froz51 b ! ice spe$ily melt$4 ,! extreme cold ( #aghh co9cides1 l t ( #ahcj1 ) ! appe>ance ( two comets4 ,9 br++ toge!r ^! & o!r simil> facts1 "s writ]s are induc$ to believe !mselves au?oris$ 9 e/abli%+ !ories :i* attribute a c]ta9 frigorific influ5ce to ! comets4 ,b no su* co9cid5ce exi/$ 9 ! w9t] ( #ahfg-fh1 nor 9 any o!r ye>s signalis$ by ! occurr5ce ( excessive fro/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at are we to ?9k ( ! suppos$ influ5ce ( ! moon ^u ! wea!r8 ,?is "q1 s con/antly reviv$1 is "h n out ( place4 ,! exceptionally prolong$ cold1 dur+ :i* ! !rmomet] rema9$ = ?ree weeks bel[ z]o1 ! b>omet] oscillat+ betwe5 #gf & #gfe1 comm5c$ on ! #bb;d ( ,decemb]1 ?ree days be=e ! new moon2 n[1 x is on ,*ri/mas-day1 at #dh m94 pa/ #aa p4m41 t ! moon is f\nd 9 conjunction1--t is to say1 has become completely invisible to u by pass+ betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun4 ,& ! ?aw1 :i* t]m9at$ ?is p]iod ( fro/1 comm5c$ on ! #ab? ( ! foll[+ ,janu>y1 j ?ree days aft] ! full moon2 ! exact mom5t ( its opposition1 :5 ! moon reflect$ ^u u ! :ole hemisph]e ( its borr[$ lu/re1 took place on ! #i?1 at #b m94 pa/ #aa 9 ! ev5+4 ,x is !n 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! syzygies 7conjunction & opposition7 ( ! moon t we mu/ place ! comm5cem5t & t]m9ation ( ! cold p]iod to :i* we h be5 allud+4 ,we %\ld n h ?\ght ( recall+ ^! co9cid5ces1 if x _h n occurr$ to u t "s meteorologi/s1 9 accordance ) ! popul> belief1 h attribut$ to ! syzygies a m>k$ influ5ce on ! *anges ( ! wea!r4 ,toaldo has d$uc$ f half-a-c5tury's obs]vations1 tak5 at ,padua1 ?is g5]al fact1 t ! maximum ( influ5ce manife/s itself at ! syzygies1 & some:at m at ! new ?an at ! full moon2 t ! m9imum co9cides ) ! fir/ & second qu>t]2 t ! action ( ! p]igee 7m9ima di/ance ( ! moon f ! e>?7 is equal to t ( ! full moon2 & t ! action ( ! apogee 7maxima di/ance ( ! moon f ! e>?7 is d\ble t ( ! qu>t]s4 ,obs]ve t ! ,italian meteorologi/ ext5d$ ?is influ5ce to ?ree days be=e & ?ree days aft] a phase1 = ! moon's passage ?r\gh ! syzygies2 :ile he re/rict$ x to a day be=e & a day aft]1 = ! quadratures4 ,! "w :i* ,toaldo did = ! climate ( ,padua1 ,pilgram _h already execut$ = t ( ,vi5na4 ,b ! result at :i* he arriv$1 aft] five-&-tw5ty ye>s ( obs]vation 7f #agfc to #aghh71 0 ! contr>y to t ( ,toaldo3 namely1 t ! new moon is ! lea/ active ( all ! phases 9 ref]5ce to *anges ( wea!r4 ,:at1 !n1 are we to conclude8 ,t ! problem is "o ( extreme difficulty1 & t !re are probably sev]al elem5ts necess>y to its solution1 :i* at pres5t escape u4 ,!n1 too1 we ought to h a cle> und]/&+ ( :at is meant by *anges ( wea!r2 we mu/ elim9ate all vagu5ess f ! ^w1 & n all[ x to be gov]n$ by any preconceiv$ !ory4 ,,! ,,sn[4 ,?ick cl\ds asc5d1 9 ^: capaci\s womb ,a vap\ry deluge lies1 to sn[ congeal$4 ,heavy !y roll _! fleecy _w along1 ,& ! sky sadd5s ) ! ga!r$ /orm4 ,?r\gh ! hu%$ air ! :it5+ %[] desc5ds2 ,at fir/ ?9 wav]+2 till at la/ ! flakes ,fall broad1 & wide1 & fa/1 dimm+ ! day ,) a cont9ual fl[4 --,,?omson1 ,! ,seasons4 ,! e>? is cov]$ ) sn[2 x is envelop$1 z ! poets say1 9 a %r\d ( :ite4 ,b ?is phrase1 poetical z x may appe>1 is1 9 reality1 inadmissible4 ,a %r\d is us$ to wrap r\nd a dead body1 a corpse1 ^: elem5ts1 s9ce !y are no long] ma9ta9$ unit$ by ! undef9able pr9ciple ( life1 g to =m o!r comp\nds1--m p]man5t & la/+1--:i* w m+le ) ! e>?1 ! wat]1 & ! air4 ,b ! e>? :i* ! sn[ cov]s pres]ves1 on ! contr>y1 ! g]m ( life 9 ! se$s & roots ( plants2 x re/s itself1 only = ! purpose ( communicat+1 at ! return ( spr+1 a new impulse to ! sap1 ^: circulation sleeps dur+ w9t]4 ,! mom5t is propiti\s = /udy+ ! sn[3 come1 !n1 let u exam9e x4 ,&1 fir/1 :at is sn[8 ,put a little into ! holl[ ( y\r h&1 & see :at transpires4 ,x melts1 & leaves no?+ b wat] z a residuum4 ,sn[1 !n1 is froz5 wat]1--wat] :i* exi/$ 9 ! atmosph]e 9 ! /ate ( vap\r1 & :i*1 to speak ! language ( physici/s1 has pass$ f ! gase\s /ate into ! liquid1 & !nce into ! solid4 ,if y d\bt its id5tity ) wat]1 let a *emi/ analyse a portion ( x = y3 he w tell y t x is compos$1 l di/ill$ wat]1 ( hydrog5 & oxyg51 9 ! proportion ( two p>ts ( ! =m] to "o "p ( ! latt]4 ,! read] w1 ( c\rse1 und]/& t we ab/ract all =eign sub/ances :i* may accid5tally h got mix$ up ) x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,a ,sn[y ,l&scape4 ,x 0 once a wide-spread op9ion t sn[ is fav\rable to vegetation1 on acc\nt ( ! salts :i* x conta9s4 ,analysis1 h[ev]1 gave a negative result2 x demon/rat$ ! abs5ce ( ^! salts4 ,rec\rse 0 !n _h to ano!r hypo!sis3 x 0 suppos$ t ! air conta9$ 9 sn[ is ri*] 9 oxyg5 ?an ! free air1 & t to ! action ( ?is gas mu/ be attribut$ its f]tilis+ prop]ty4 ,ano!r error6 ,! tru? really is1 t sn[ ma9ta9s ! soil :i* x cov]s at a p]ceptibly con/ant temp]ature1 & t1 :5 ?aw+1 x mell[s x by its aque\s infiltrations2 s t if1 be=e a fall ( sn[1 ! e>? has exp]i5c$ ! action ( a /rong fro/ capable ( kill+ injuri\s insects1 all ! *ances w be 9 fav\r ( a f]tile ye>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sn[ =ms cry/als4 ,to obs]ve !m cle>ly1 y mu/ exam9e ! sn[ :i* falls 9 v cold & dry wea!r4 ,x !n appe>s to be a du/ compos$ ( little ?9 plates4 ,look at ! small flake :i* has fall5 on y\r coat-sleeve2 x is isolat$2 ha/5 to exam9e x be=e x melts1 or be=e o!r flakes become amalgamat$ ) x4 ,:at a graceful />6 7,fig4 #f1 a74 ,x is =m$ ( six regul> rays4 ,!re are o!rs :i* h only ?ree1 f\r1 or five rays4 ,b on inspect+ ^! m closely1 y see t _m ( ^! rays are brok5 or abortive1 & t1 :5 f9ally analys$1 ea* /> possesses ! same numb] ( rays4 ,:y are !re cont9ually six rays8 ,:y are !re nev] m nor few] ?an ?is numb]8 ,"o might suspect 9 nature a peculi> affection = ! numb] six2 z1 = example1 9 ! cells ( ! bees & ! wasps1 :i* =m a regul> hexagon 7,fig4 #f1 b74 ,:y1 9 ! inf9ity ( polygons1 has ! in/9ct ( ^! insects only *os5 "o hexagon8 ,:at is ! reason = ?is pref]5ce8 ,illu/ration3 a b c ,,fig4 #f4 ,if y int]rogate geometry1 x w reply to y t1 ( all ! polygons inscrib$ 9 a circle 7,fig4 #f1 c71 !re is b "o ^: sides are equal to ! radius ( t circle2 & ?is polygon is exactly t ( ! bee & wasp's cell4 ,"h1 !n1 is a v s+ul> co9cid5ce4 ,if y aft]w>ds exam9e v m9utely ! "w ( ! bee1 y w f9d 9 ea* cell ( ! honeycomb a pyramidal base1 compos$ ( ?ree equal rhombs1 ^: angles solve a gr& geometrical problem1 t ( giv+ ! maximum ( space ) ! m9imum ( matt]4 ,! papi]-ma* combs ( ! wasp are =m$ ( a s+le r[ ( cells1 ea* ( :i* has a ne>ly level bottom4 ,?is is all t is requir$2 = ^! cells are de/9$1 n = ! reception ( honey1 b only ( ! l>v1 ! (fspr+ ( _! ar*itects4 ,d n ?9k t y h b to pick up a ?umbful ( sn[ to procure y\r cry/als6 ,^! *ange _! =m v quickly1 & x is almo/ impossible to detect x 9 sn[ :i* has rema9$ = any l5g? ( "t ^u ! gr\nd4 ,! great flakes :i* fall 9 relatively mild wea!r1 :5 ! temp]ature bord]s ^u freez+-po9t1 are (t5 no?+ bett] ?an masses ( small amorph\s atoms ( ice2 to get at ! cry/als1 y mu/ remove ! k9d ( icy v>ni% :i* encases !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ! accurate obs]vation ( ! cry/allisation ( wat] :i* precipitates itself 9 ! air1 we h at our disposal a means z simple z conv5i5t--a pane ( glass4 ,all we h to d is to arrange ev]y?+ 9 su* a mann] t ! congelation %all be bo? sl[ & c]ta92 on ?is condition alone c we obta9 well-def9$ cry/als4 ,a cold room is be/ adapt$ = ?is k9d ( exp]im5tation2 & ?us y w frequ5tly see deposit$ ^u ! w9d[-glass1 9 an un9habit$ *amb]1 "s exce$+ly graceful designs1 z foll[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,^! are a/]i1--arboresc5t1 & leaf-l cry/als1--imitat+ ! beautiful foliage ( f]ns & mosses4 ,! sev]] ! cold1 ! m regul>1 be x und]/ood1 is ! =mation ( ^! cry/als4 ,ow+ to its dazzl+ :it5ess1 sn[ is a great reflector ( light1 & s+ul>ly illum9ates ! d>kness ( ! w9t] nights4 ,! long dre>y nights ( ! pol> _w are lit up by ! glories ( ! magnetic auroras1 jo9$ to ! radiancy ( ! sn[4 ,?is induces u to repeat a "q :i* we h (t5 address$ to ourselves1 namely1--"u :at aspect mu/ ! v v>i$ *anges :i* ! sol> light exp]i5ces on ! surface ( our planet be pres5t$ to ! inhabitants ( ,m>s & ,v5us8 ,a m att5tive obs]vation ( ! a%5-gray light ( ! moon1 :i* appe>s to be pr9cipally produc$ by ! reflection ( ! m or less lum9\s face ( ! e>?1 may p]haps "o day provide u ) an answ] to our "q4 ,be=e quitt+ ?is subject1 let u rememb] t bo? sn[ & fro/ are ( great utility to ! husb&man4 ,! latt]1 by exp&+ ! humidity ) :i* ! h>d clods are p5etrat$1 crumbles !m into p[d]1 & r5d]s /iff l& por\s1 friable1 & mell[4 ,x also cle>s ! soil f ! plague ( insect life1 :i*1 if x increas$ )\t s p[]ful a *eck1 w\ld probably prove a t]rible injury to ! crops4 ,moreov]1 x s h>d5s 9 w9t] ! moi/ s(t gr\nd z to p]mit ( ! necess>y field op]ations be+ c>ri$ on4 ,sn[1 z ,dr ,*ild rem>ks1#ab is ev5 m useful4 ,x cov]s up ! t5d] plants ) a ?ick mantle1 :i* def5ds !m aga9/ ! attacks ( excessive cold4 ,god give? sn[ l wool1 & = some:at ! same purposes z wool4 ,! mantle :i* s closely wraps ab\t ! gaunt limbs ( ! w9t]-/rick5 e>? nei!r all[s ! int]nal heat to escape nor ! ext]nal cold to ent] 94 ,x has be5 f\nd t ! inn] surface ( ! sn[ seldom falls mu* bel[ #cb ,f41 al?\gh ! temp]ature ( ! ext]nal air may be _m degrees "u ! freez+-po9t2 & x is kn[n t ?is am\nt ( cold c be endur$ by ! crops )\t injury1 s long z _! cov]+ protects !m f ! rak+ influ5ce ( ! w9d4 ,9 climates :]e ! w9t]'s cold is long] & m int5se ?an 9 ,engl&1 ! protective influ5ce ( sn[ is mu* m pla9ly %[n4 ,:]e x lies long & deep1 x op5s out r\tes t 7 impracticable 9 summ] on acc\nt ( _! rugg$ness1 & prep>es a smoo? pa? = ! sl$ge1 or = ! lumb]]1 ov] :i* ! l>ge/ trunks ( ! =e/ may be c>ri$ ) ease to ! riv] or canal4 ,9 ! pol> regions 7we quote f ,dr ,*ild7 sn[ supplies ! ev]-ready mat]ial out ( :i* ! ,esquimaux con/ruct _! h\ses1 & h>dy explor]s extemporise ! huts 9 :i* !y f9d %elt] :5 abs5t f _! %ips on di/ant exp$itions4 ,nor are ! %ips !mselves consid]$ snug w9t] qu>t]s until _! sides h be5 bank$ up 9 walls ( sn[1 & ! ro( rais$ ov] ! deck has be5 ?ickly cov]$ ) x4 ,sn[ huts are w>m] ?an might h be5 expect$4 ,if built ^u ice ov] ! sea1 _! temp]ature is s5sibly influ5c$ by ! heat ( ! unfroz5 wat] bel[1 :i* is said seldom to fall mu* "u #dj ,f4 9 any "p ( ! ocean4 ,ev5 :]e ! ext]nal temp]ature has sunk to #bj or #cj bel[ z]o1 suffici5t w>m? is produc$ 9 a sn[ hut by ! huddl+ toge!r ( ?ree or f\r p]sons )9 x4 ,:5 ,dr ,eli%a ,kane1 ! ,am]ican explor]1 pass$ a cold arctic w9t]'s night 9 a hut beyond ,smi?'s ,s\nd1 ! temp]ature produc$ by its complem5t ( lodg]s1 & two or ?ree oil lamps1 rea*$ #ij ,f42 s t he 0 compell$ by ! heat to foll[ ! example ( ! re/ ( ! p>ty1 & p>tially to dive/ himself ( 8 clo?+4 ,yet 9 lat4 #gi ,n41 ,dr ,kane m>k$ a temp]ature ( #ge bel[ z]o 9 ! mon? ( ,febru>y4 ,no fluid c\ld resi/ x4 ,ev5 *loric e!r became solid1 & ! air 0 pung5t & acrid 9 respiration4 ,,r$ ,,sn[4 ,z if x _h be5 orda9$ t !re %\ld be no?+ absolute 9 nature1 sn[ itself1 ! v type ( :it5ess1 sometimes exhibits ! mo/ curi\s col\r+4 ,:o1 = in/ance1 has n he>d tell ( r$ sn[8 ,its exi/5ce 0 ev5 kn[n to ,pl9y1 ! great ,roman naturali/1 & he attribut$ x to a du/ ) :i* ! sn[ became cov]$ aft] x _h la9 sev]al days on ! gr\nd4 ,sn[ itself1 he says#ac r$d5s ) old age 7,ipsa nix vetu/ate rubescit74 ,b5$ict de ,saussure 0 ! fir/ :o describ$ r$ sn[ l a naturali/4#ad ,he obs]v$ x on ! occasion ( 8 asc5t ( ,mont ,brev51 ne> ,*am\nix1 9 #agfj2 & 0 greatly a/oni%$ at see+ ! sn[ t9t$ 9 v>i\s places ( an extremely vivid r$4 ,9 ! middle ( ea* pat*1 he says1 0 ! greate/ int5sity ( col\r1 & ! middle1 moreov]1 0 ( a l[] level ?an ! edges4 ,on exam9+ ?is r$ sn[ closely1 ,i saw t its col\r dep5d$ ^u a f9e p[d] :i* m+l$ ) x1 & :i* p5etrat$ to a dep? ( two or ?ree in*es4 ,?is p[d] c\ld n h desc5d$ f ! summit ( ! m\nta91 s9ce x 0 f\nd 9 localities isolat$ & ev5 remote f ! rocks2 nor did x seem to h be5 deposit$ by ! w9ds1 s9ce x did n lie 9 drifts4 ,"o w\ld h said t x 0 a production ( ! sn[ itself1 a residuum ( its ?aw4444 ,:at at fir/ sugge/$ ?is op9ion 0 ! fact t ! col\r1 extremely weak on ! edges ( ea* concave pat*1 gradually grew deep] z x approa*$ ! bottom1 :]e ! trickl+ wat] _h c>ri$ d[n a great] quantity ( residuum4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! le>n$ ,swiss naturali/ f\nd ?is r$ sn[ on _m o!r m\nta9s1 & dur+ a c]ta9 p]iod ( ?aw1 subject$ x to v>i\s exp]im5ts1 :i* l$ him to ! conclusion t x 0 a vegetable matt]1 a du/1 or poll51 ( ! /am5s ( plants4 ,slightly odor\s1 x exhal$1 dur+ combu/ion1 a sc5t n unlike t ( seal+-wax4 ,ramond met ) r$ sn[ 9 ! ,pyr5ees1 at an elevation ( #ghjj feet4 ,he discov]$ 9 x1 :5 burnt on inc&esc5t coals1 ! od\r ( opium or ( *icory4 ,he suppos$ t ! little deep r$ lamell :i* col\r$ ! sn[ 7 mica1 & look$ ^u ! mica z a product ( ! decomposition ( ! rocks by ! action ( ! sun & breezes ( spr+4 ,b ?is op9ion 0 ov]?r[n by ,capta9 ,ross1 :o1 9 #ahai1 f\nd r$ sn[ 9 ,baff9's ,bay 7lat4 #he #ed' ,n471 to a dep? ( ?irte5 feet1 ov] a soil p]fectly free f mica4 ,o!r explor]s affirm t 9 ^? regions !y h nev] met ) ! r$ sn[ m ?an ?ree to f\r in*es deep4 ,capta9 ,p>ry1 9 8 ,pol> voyage1 f\nd ?is col\r$ sn[ pr9cipally 9 ! track ( 8 sl$ges2 &1 agree+ ) ,sir ,john ,ross1 he suppos$ x to d]ive its r$ness f ! pres5ce ( a k9d ( mu%room1 ( ! g5us ,ur$o1 to :i* ,bau] has giv5 ! "n ( ,ur$o nivalis4#ae ,accord+ to exp]im5ts made by ,bau] on specim5s br\ght f ! ,pol> regions1 ^! t9y mu%rooms are1 on ! av]age1 a fiftie? ( a millimtre 9 diamet]2 !y develop !mselves l vegetables2 ! y\nge/ are sometimes col\rless2 :5 entirely fre$ f sn[1 !y gr[ black "u ! influ5ce ( an int5se cold1 )\t los+ _! g]m9ative faculty1 & give bir?1 "u ! influ5ce ( a high] temp]ature1 to a gre5 matt]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u cont9ue to exam9e ! diff]5ce ( op9ion betwe5 naturali/s4 ,de ,c&olle decl>$ ! r$ sn[ ( ! pol> regions to be id5tical ) t ( ! ,alps1 aft] hav+ c>efully comp>$ ! two4 ,b he saw 9 x a g5us ( cryptogams1 diff]+ f ! g5us ,ur$o4#af ,rob]t ,br[n ass]t$ t x 0 a k9d ( alga1 alli$ to ! ,tremella cru5ta4 ,az>a 0 ( ?is same op9ion1 except t1 in/ead ( a tremella1 he recognis$ 9 x an alga ( ! g5us ,protococcus1 :i* he call$ ,protococcus k]mes9us1 because its col\r resembl$ t ( ! k]mes1 or co*9eal4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! obs]v]s :om we h cit$1 ! col\r+ corpuscles ( ! sn[ belong to ! vegetable k+dom4 ,?is op9ion 0 support$ by num]\s adh]5ts1 & soon acquir$ s great an au?ority1 t1 9 an assembly ( naturali/s at ,lausanne1 ,de ,c&olle ov]:elm$ ) s>casm a communication f ,lamont1 ,prior ( ! ,hospice ( ,/ ,b]n>d1 on ! animality ( r$ sn[4 ,& yet ?is la/ hypo!sis 0 n s ra% z might h be5 suppos$2 = ,dr ,scoresby1 to :om we owe a pr(\nd /udy on ! cry/all9e =ms ( sn[1 _h already attribut$ to an animal matt] ! col\r+ ( ! sn[ & pol> ice4 ,n[-a-days1 h[ev]1 x may be reg>d$ z f9ally settl$ t ?is ph5om5on is due to ! imm5se aggregation ( m9ute plants belong+ to ! species call$ ,protococcus nivalis2#ag s call$ 9 allusion to ! extreme simplicity ( its organisation1 & ! peculi> nature ( its habitat4 ,if we place a portion ( ! sn[ col\r$ ) ?is plant ^u a piece ( :ite pap]1 says ,mr ,macmillan1#ah & all[ x to melt & evaporate1 we f9d a residuum ( granules j suffici5t to give a fa9t crimson t+e to ! pap]4 ,plac$ "u ! microscope1 ^! granules resolve !mselves into sph]ical purple cells1 f ! #a_/ajjj? to ! #a_/cjjj? "p ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,ea* ( ^! cells has an op5+1 surr\nd$ by s]rat$ or ind5t$ l9es1 ^: smalle/ diamet] does n exce$ ! #a_/ejjj? "p ( an in*6 ,:5 p]fect1 ! plant is n unlike a r$-currant b]ry2 z x decays1 ! r$ col\r+ matt] fades into a deep orange1 & ! deep orange *anges into a dull br[n4 ,! ?ickness ( ! wall ( ! cell does n exce$ ! #a_/bjjjj? "p ( an in*6 ,ea* cell may be consid]$ a di/9ct individual plant1 s9ce x is p]fectly indep5d5t ( o!rs ) :i* x may be aggregat$1 & p]=ms = & by itself all ! functions ( gr[? & reproduction1 hav+ a conta9+ membrane :i* absorbs liquids & gases f ! surr\nd+ matrix or elem5ts1 a conta9$ fluid ( peculi> "*1 =m$ out ( ^! mat]ials1 & a numb] ( excessively m9ute granules1 equival5t to spores1 or1 z "s w\ld say1 to cellul> buds1 :i* are to become ! g5us ( new plants4 ,!re is some?+1 adds ,mr ,macmillan1 extremely my/]i\s 9 ! p]=mance ( ^! widely diff]5t functions1 by an organism :i* appe>s s excessively simple4 ,t "o & ! same primitive cell %\ld ?us m9i/] equally to absorption1 nutrition1 & reproduction1 is an extraord9>y illu/ration ( ! fact1 t ! smalle/ & simple/ organis$ object is1 9 itself1 & = ! "p x 0 creat$ to p]=m 9 ! op]ations ( nature1 z admirably adapt$ z ! l>ge/ & mo/ complicat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--,protococcus nivalis4 ,,! ,,et]nal ,,sn[s4 ,! epi!t et]nal or p]petual1 appli$ to sn[1 w\ld appe> to sav\r ( ! ambiti\s1 if n ( ! pr(ane4 ,c we say ( any?+ :i* belongs to e>? t x is et]nal8 ,assur$ly n4 ,! e>? has n always worn ! aspect :i* x n[ we>s1 &1 at a p]iod n f> di/ant f its orig91 c\ld n 9 any region h be5 cov]$ ) sn[4 ,n[1 :atev] has _h a beg9n+ _c be et]nal4 ,_m au?ors h1 = ?is reason1 sub/itut$ = ! ^w et]nal ! ^w p]petual4 ,b ! latt] is equally inapplicable4 ,:o w v5ture to affirm t our globe or its sy/em w endure p]petually8 ,?is difficulty1 h[ev]1 is "o :i* ne$ n p>ticul>ly emb>rass u4 ,we h be5 long accu/om$ to look ^u language z a simple mask1 or1 at lea/1 z a v dubi\s int]pret] ( ?\ght4 ,& we %all1 !re=e1 cont9ue to use indiff]5tly ! words et]nal & p]petual4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u suppose t two travell]s set out f ! equator1 t plane ( sep>ation betwe5 ! nor!rn & ! s\!rn hemisph]es4 ,let u also suppose t ea* proce$s 9 a diametrically opposite direction to ! o!r1 pursu+ 8 r\te along "o ( ^? m]idian l9es :i* divide ! e>? into longitud9al portions1 l ! slices ( a melon 7to comp>e great ?+s ) small74 ,! foll[+ w be _! climatic /ages3-- ,at fir/ ! two travell]s w ea* trav]se a moiety ( ! torrid zone1 limit$ bel[ & above ! ,equator by two p>allel circles1--9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e by ! ,tropic ( ,canc]1 & 9 ! s\!rn by ! ,tropic ( ,capricorn4 ,d n let ^! appellations al>m y3 !y %[1 once m1 ! n>r[ connexity ( ! heav5 ) ! e>?2 tropic1 com+ f ! ,greek signifies a return--! sun returns f 8 app>5t excursions1 aft] hav+ pass$ f ! tropics to ! z5i?4 ,= ^! circles =m ! extreme limits ( ! sun's m>* t[>ds ! nor? & t[>ds ! s\?3 !y are ! two sol/ices--! summ] sol/ice1 :5 ! sun ent]s ! zodiacal sign ( ,canc]1 & ! w9t] sol/ice1 :5 x ent]s ! sign ( ,capricorn4 ,! torrid zone is ! only "o :i* is ?us divid$ into two portions by ! ,equ9octial1 & :i* ! sun passes twice a ye> to ! z5i?1 t is1 to ! po9t directly above ! heads ( ! inhabitants4 ,aft] hav+ cross$ ! tropics1 "o ( our two travell]s w ent] ! ,nor? ,temp]ate ,zone1 b\nd$ by ! ,arctic ,pol> ,circle--! o!r1 ! ,s\? ,temp]ate ,zone1 b\nd$ by ! ,ant>ctic ,pol> ,circle4 ,hav+ pass$ ! pol> circles1 !y w f9d !mselves spe$ily arre/$ by ice & sn[ :i* nev] melt--by et]nal ice & sn[4 ,^! inhospitable regions compose ! two frigid zones1 :i* cov]1 l two imm5se hoods 7=m+ ! #jhb p>ts ( ! t]re/rial surface71 ! "o1 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 ! o!r1 ! s\!rn4#ai ,9 _! progress ?r\gh ^! v>i\s climates1 our two travell]s w arrive at a v curi\s comp>ative result1--t ! s\!rn hemisph]e is cold] ?an ! nor!rn4 ,?is diff]5ce becomes especially recognisable bel[ ! #ej? degree ( s\? latitude2 s t1 aft] pass+ ! ,ant>ctic ,circle1 ! ice opposes ! voyag]'s c\rse ) ne>ly insurm\ntable ob/acles2 :ile1 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 ! :al] frequ5tly p5etrates to ,spitzb]g51 situat$ mu* ne>] to ! ,pole ?an to ! ,pol> ,circle4 ,?is is a g5]al fact2 we conf9e ourselves to putt+ x =w>d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u n[ suppose t our two travell]s1 always ready to comp>e ! results ( _! inquiries1 accompli% ! asc5t ( a v l(ty m\nta9 situat$ "u ! ,equator1 su* z ,*imborazo4 ,9 ! c\rse ( _! asc5t1 !y w trav]se ! same climates & ! same zones :i* _h m>k$ ! /ages ( _! j\rney f ! ,equator to ! ,poles3 at _! />t+-po9t !y w f9d !mselves 9 ! ,torrid zone1 !n w come ! ,temp]ate & ! ,frigid zones1 ! latt] r5d]$ inaccessible by glaci]s & et]nal sn[s4 ,^! v]tical zones ( ! m\nta9 are *>act]is$ by vegetables & animals ^: types are f\nd 9 ! correspond+ horizontal zones ( ! t]re/rial surface4 ,b :at is mo/ rem>kable is1 t !re exi/s betwe5 ! nor!rn & ! s\!rn slopes ( ! m\nta9 ! same diff]5ce z betwe5 ! s\!rn & nor!rn hemisph]es3 ! l9e ( ! et]nal sn[s desc5ds mu* l[] on ! nor!rn ?an on ! s\!rn slope1 9 ! same mann] z1 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 ! pol> ice advances mu* ne>] ! ,equator ?an 9 ! nor!rn4 ,su* is ! g5]al view-po9t :i* we mu/ adopt = ! cle>] compreh5sion ( ! details ( obs]vation4 ,( c\rse1 :5 speak+ ( ! limit ( ! et]nal sn[s1 we ref] only to ! l[] limit1 t is to say1 to ! greate/ elevation atta9$ by ! sn[-l9e 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le ye>4 ,z = ! upp] limit1 x entirely escapes u2 = ! summits ( ! l(tie/ m\nta9s d n rea* ! atmosph]ic /rata :i*1 by virtue ( _! refraction1 _c conta9 any vesicul>1 aque\s1 or cond5sable vap\r4 ,! l9e ( et]nal sn[ :i*1 at ! poles1 is f\nd on ! level ( ! gr\nd1 gradually rises z we approa* ! torrid zone1 :]e x atta9s its maximum ( elevation1 f #ac1jjj to #ag1jjj feet4 ,?is ph5om5on does n exclusively dep5d ^u ! geographical latitude1 nor on ! mean annual temp]ature ( ! locality3 x is ! result ( an aggregate ( div]se circum/ances :i* we h n ! space "h to enum]ate & discuss4 ,we %all cont5t ourselves ) plac+ be=e ! read] a table :i* w %[ ! rem>kable diff]5ces exi/+ 9 ! height ( ! p]petual sn[-l9e 9 v>i\s places4 ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,p]petual ,,sn[4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,latitude4 ,place4 ,height ( 7,degs47 ,sn[-,l9e4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #gi ,n4 ,spitzb]g5 #j #ga ,mag]oe 7,norway7 #b1cej #gj to #fj ,norway 7,int]ior (7 #c1ejj to #e1ajj #fe ,icel& #c1jej #ed ,oonala%ka 7,w4 ,am]ica7 #c1eaj #ej ,altai ,m\nta9s #g1jcd #de ,alps1 ,!1 ,n4 declivity #h1hhe #de ,d41 ,s4 declivity #i1aej #dc ,! ,caucasus #aa1hfc #dc ,! ,pyr5ees #i1jjj #dj ,m\nt ,ar>at #ad1aej #cf ,k>akorum1 ,n4 side #ag1ejj #cf ,d41 ,s4 side #ai1cjj #cf ,ku5-lu51 ,n4 side #ae1jjj #ce ,d41 ,s4 side #ae1fhj #bi ,himalaya1 ,n4 side #ai1efj #bh ,d41 ,n4 side #ae1ejj #ag ,cordill]as ( ,mexico #ad1fej #ac ,e?iopian ,m\nta9s #ad1jge #a ,s4 ,&es1 9 ,quito #ae1fhj #af ,d41 9 ,bolivia1 ,e4 #ae1hjj #ah ,d41 9 ,bolivia1 ,w4 #ah1djj #cc ,d41 9 ,*ili #ad1fjj #dc ,d41 9 ,patagonia #f1cjj #ed ,/rait ( ,magelha5s #c1gjj ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,,! ,,inhabitants ,,( ,,! ,,et]nal ,,sn[s4 ,if m5 h ! faculty ( liv+ "u all climates1 !y make use ( t faculty1 z we "k1 ) extreme res]ve4 ,!y h nev] p]man5tly inhabit$ ! pol> regions & ! p]petually sn[y summits ( ! m\nta9s3 x is only at int]vals t a few pione]s h tempor>ily v5tur$ ?i!r4 ,/>t+ f ?is fact1 x 0 long believ$ t ! zone ( et]nal sn[s 0 n inhabit$ by any liv+ be+4 ,ev5 m5 ( sci5ce admitt$1 z an article ( fai?1 t :]e man c\ld n fix 8 resid5ce no animal c\ld live4 ,!y made1 h[ev]1 a concession ) respect to vegetables1 & p>ticul>ly z reg>d$ ! li*5s & ! mosses4 ,well1 obs]vation & rese>* conjo9tly1 h eras$ ?is article ( fai? f ! sci5tific code4 ,x has be5 demon/rat$ t ! icy regions1 :i* man visits only at r>e int]vals1 & :]e he soj\rns b = a "t1 are ! home ( a c]ta9 numb] ( animal species1 m or less alli$ to ! human species4 ,! sci5tific exploration ( ^! regions dates only f our own "t4 ,spitzb]g51 & ! summit ( ! ,alps1--su* are our po9ts ( comp>ison4 ,x is difficult to conceive ( any?+ m int]e/+ ?an ! hi/orical exposition ( ! limit$ ,fauna glacialis4 ,fir/1 let u take ! discov]y1 comp>atively rec5t1 ( a small rod5t ( ! m\se ord]4 ,,! ,,arvicola ,,leucurus1 ,,or ,,arctic ,,vole4 ,on ! #h? ( ,janu>y #ahcb1 a ,swiss naturali/1 ,m4 ,hugi1 />t$ f ,soleure to /udy ! w9t] condition ( ! classic glaci] ( ,gr9delwald4 ,! und]tak+ 0 9 _m respects a difficult "o2 ! sides ( ! ,mett5b]g1 bord]+ on ?is glaci]1 7 cov]$ ) an uni=m /ratum ( h>d5$ sn[2 a pa?way _h to be cut out ) ! pickaxe4 ,m4 ,hugi & 8 companions did n arrive at ! ,/i]reg until t[>ds ev5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--;,among ! ,alps4 ,a goa!rd lives !re dur+ ! summ]4 ,!y s\ght ar\nd & ab\t = 8 little cab91 b1 on ! uni=m :ite c>pet ( sn[ :i* cov]$ ev]y?+1 no sign ( x c\ld be detect$4 ,at l5g? !y came ^u a little m\nd1 :i* !y imm$iately proce$$ to excavate2 & late 9 ! night !y discov]$ ! ro( ( ! hut4 ,!y !n r$\bl$ _! ef=ts to sweep away ! sn[ ob/ruct+ ! door4 ,on op5+ x a score ( mice em]g$ f ! cab91 "s ( :i* !y kill$4 ,= a picture ( ! poor victims we are indebt$ to ,m4 ,hugi4 ,^! little rod5ts are ( a yell[i% gray1 & v sl5d]2 f ! head to ! tip ( ! tail !y measure ab\t n9e in*es4 ,! h9d paws are ( a l5g? :olly disproportionate to ! =e paws4 ,! tail & e>s are nak$2 _! transp>5cy is rem>kable4444 ,?is animal1 adds ,m4 ,hugi1 appe>$ to me completely unkn[n1 & ,i d n rememb] to h se5 x 9 any zoological collection4 ,aft] det]m9+ its g5us & species1 ! intrepid explor] ( ! ,alps 0 entitl$ to h giv5 x a "n2 b ?is hon\r escap$ him4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,! ,arctic ,vole4 ,! same little rod5t has s9ce be5 f\nd 9 _m o!r p>ts ( ! ,alps2 notably among ! rocks ( ! ,gr&s-,mulets1 "s #ab1ejj feet above ! sea-level4 ,desir\s ( comp>+ ! climate ( ,spitzb]g5 ) t ( ! summit ( ! ,alps1 ,m4 ,m>t9s e/abli%$ himself1 9 #ahda1 ) 8 fri5d1 ,a4 ,bravais1 on ! ,faulhorn4 ,:ile1 he says1 we 7 engag$ 9 our exp]im5ts1 we (t5 p]ceiv$ a little animal pass+ swiftly by u1 & /eal?ily glid+ into its burr[4 ,we rem>k$ t x 0 also f\nd 9 ! aub]ge1 or inn1 & t x f$ ^u ,alp9e plants4 ,at ! fir/ glance1 its resemblance to ! common m\se l$ u to ?9k t ?is inconv5i5t gue/ _h foll[$ man into 8 abode on ! ,faulhorn1 z x _h =m]ly cross$ ! seas on bo>d %ip4 ,b a m att5tive exam9ation %[$ me t1 f> f be+ a m\se1 x 0 a species ( vole1 :i* _h hi!rto escap$ ! rese>*es ( naturali/s4 ,i designat$ x by ! "n ( ! sn[-vole1 ,arvicola nivalis4 ,x 0 ! same animal :i* ,m4 ,hugi _h discov]$ n9e ye>s be=e4 ,! ice 0 brok51 & names1 bo? g5]ic & specific1 aft]w>ds fell l hail on ! body ( our poor little rod5t4 ,"s w\ld h _h x call$-- ,hypudu alp9us4 ,hypudu petrophilus4 ,hypudu nivicola4 ,hypudu ,hugei4 ,o!rs1 & few] 9 numb]1 pref]r$ ! designation ( ,:ite-tail$ ,vole1-- ,arvicola leucurus4 ,o!rs aga91 ! ,lebrun vole1-- ,arvicola ,lebrunii4 ,:i* ( all ^! names %all prevail8 ,we _c say1 & x matt]s v little to u4 ,p]haps ! nom5clators may 9 "t agree among !mselves ^u ! appellation ( ! g5us4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 we "k--& x is an important fact--t a mammal exi/s at altitudes :]e m5 c\ld n live1 & t he is f\nd 9 ! ,alps1 above ev5 ! l[] limit ( ! p]petual sn[s4 ,is x ! only mammal :i* c live at su* a height8 ,,! ,,m>mot4 ,:o1 9 ! wide _w ( ,london1 :]e s _m waifs & /rays are drift+ ) ! great curr5t ( human life1 has n obs]v$ ! ,savoy>d w&]] ) 8 danc+ m>mot8 ,if ! man did n attract our notice1 8 curi\s companion w\ld4 ,9 =m he belongs p>tly to ! be>1 & p>tly to ! rat4 ,naturali/s h1 !re=e1 expressly creat$ = him ! g5us ,arctomys1--a ,lat9is$ ,greek "n1 signify+ ,! ,be>-,rat4 ,9 fact1 ! m>mot resembles ,h>lequ9's cloak1 or r1 if x be p]missible to comp>e little ?+s ) great1 ! ,au/rian ,empire1--a composite ( t]ritories & races2 & ,buffon has describ$ him v aptly4 ,he has1 he says1 ! nose1 ! lips1 & ! %ape ( ! head ( ! h>e2 ! hair & nails ( ! badg]2 ! tee? ( ! beav]2 ! cat's :isk]s2 ! eyes ( ! dorm\se2 ! feet ( ! be>1 ) a %ort tail & truncat$ e>s4 ,add to ?is t ! m>mot--he is a little l>g] ?an a rabbit--is omnivor\s l man & ! be>1 ) :om he %>es 8 aptitude = dance & sport4 ,:ile he eats any & ev]y?+1 he nev]!less pref]s vegetable food to all o!r k9ds2 & ) 8 orange-col\r$ incisors gnaws ! b>k ( %rubs4 ,he r>ely dr9ks1 b :5 he does dr9k takes a he>ty draught2 is p>ticul>ly fond ( milk2 dr9ks x by rais+ 8 head at ea* m\?ful1 l a h51 & giv+ utt]ance to an audible murmur ( cont5tm5t1 j z if he 7 recit+ 8 ,b5$icite4 ,w x be 9 allusion to ?is *>act]i/ic t ! common ,fr5* phrase has orig9at$1 ,m>mott] des prires8#bj ,dur+ ! summ] ! m>mots inhabit ! sn[y summits ( ! ,alps4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( autumn !y desc5d to a l[] level1 = ! purpose ( excavat+ ! burr[s 9 :i* !y pass ! w9t]1 completely b5umb$ by ! fro/4 ,?is is ! "t :5 ! hunt]s easily capture !m2 !y h no?+ to d b to dig 7creus] is ! te*nical ^w72 & frequ5tly !y are f\nd z _m z t5 or twelve 9 ! same burr[1 roll$ up l balls1 & buri$ 9 a litt] ( hay4 ,_! sleep1 says ,de ,saussure1 is s pr(\nd1 t ! hunt] deposits !m 9 8 sack & c>ries !m away )\t awak5+ !m4 ,! ,*am\nix hunt]s1 he adds1 h already entirely expell$ or de/roy$ ! goats =m]ly s abundant on _! m\nta9s2 & x is probable t1 9 less ?an a c5tury1 we %all see nei!r *amois nor m>mots4 ,?is prophecy ( ,de ,saussure's is on ! po9t ( be+ realis$4 ,/ill1 ev5 at ! pres5t day1 m>mots are n v r>e 9 ! ,valais & ! canton ( ,tic9o 7du ,tiss971 :]e !y are call$ ,mure montane 7m\nta9 rats72 a phrase f :i* is d]iv$1 )\t d\bt1 ! appellation m>mot4 ,!y pref] z _! abode ! /ony islets :i* rise "h & !re 9 ! mid/ ( ! rocks4 ,! e>s ( travell]s :o v5ture into ! b>r5e/ recesses ( ! ,alps ( ! ,b]nese ,ob]l& are sometimes /ruck by a v %>p :i/l+1 = :i*1 at fir/1 !y f9d x difficult to acc\nt4 ,x is ! "y m>mot's cry ( al>m2 = ! old appe> to be depriv$ ( ?is /rid5t faculty4 ,= a consid]able p]iod only a s+le species 0 kn[n--! m>mot prop]ly s call$ 7,arctomys m>motta1 ,gmel972 b f\r o!rs mu/ n[ be add$3--#a/1 ,! m>mot ( ! ,caucasus 7,arctomys musicus71 /ill imp]fectly kn[n2 #b;d1 ,! m>mot ( ,canada 7,arctomys empetra71 :o clamb]s up ! trees l a cat1 & is di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t all ,nor? ,am]ica1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,hudson's ,bay1 & ,alaska1 on ! nor?-we/ coa/2 #c;d1 ,! ,arctomys monax1 :o appe>s to be peculi> to ,m>yl&2 #d?1 ,! ,russian m>mot 7,arctomys citillus71 ( ! size ( a field-m\se1 & ( a br[n col\r1 spott$ ) :ite2 #e?1 ,! m>mot ( ,sib]ia 7,arctomys bobac71 small] ?an ! common species1 ( a yell[ gray1 & build+ va/ burr[s %ap$ l a funnel4 ,w ! read] p]mit u an allusion1 9 pass+1 to a "q :i* we d n see discuss$ 9 books ( natural hi/ory8 ,=m]ly among ! treasures ( anci5t druggi/s figur$ a k9d ( panacea1 call$ ,graetz's balls4 ,:at 7 ^! ,graetz's balls1 at "o "t e/eem$ z a univ]sal m$ic9e1 b no long] includ$ 9 our ph>macopeia8 ,?is 0 _! orig93--,! subt]ranean dwell+s :i* c]ta9 species ( m>mots con/ruct ) s mu* skill1 are ea* compos$ ( two gall]ies1 :i* unite toge!r l ! arms ( a ,y1 & t]m9ate 9 a cul-de-sac4 ,!re are f\nd ! globules ( clay kn[n z ,graetz's balls4 ,!y are an indu/rial product ( our rod5ts1 z ,m4 ,osc> ,s*midt e/abli%$ 9 #ahff1 by close obs]vation ( ! ,arctomys bobac ( ! ,zoological ,g>d5 ( ,vi5na4 ,! m>mot creates ^! balls by scrat*+ up ! e>?1 & appe>s to amuse himself--a *ild's amusem5t6--by roll+ !m to & fro 9 8 gall]ies4 ,,! ,,*amois4 ,ev5 s ,?is way ! *amois leapt4#ba ,mu/ we omit ?is graceful rum9ant f ! numb] ( mammals inhabit+ ! et]nal sn[s8 ,no2 = x is n ( 8 own w t ! *amois has tak5 refuge ^u ! sn[y peaks ( ! ,alps4 ,if we meet ) him !re1 x is because he seeks to %elt] himself f ! de/ructive in/9cts ( man4 ,! *amois is "o ( ^? animal species :i*1 be=e a c5tury1 p]haps1 w h disappe>$2 8 bones w !n figure 9 ! palontological museums by ! side ( ! skeletons ( ext9ct species4 ,!re1 too1 w be display$ ! fam\s *amois balls1 ea* ( ! size ( a nut1 cov]$ ) a %9+ sub/ance resembl+ lea!r1 ( an agreeable od\r1 & seem+ to be a morbid dejection1 compos$ ( roots & o!r undige/$ matt]4 ,^! balls1 ! bezo>s ( ! old physicians1 7 reg>d$ z a rem$y aga9/ e ill ! human fle% is heir to2 x 0 ev5 pr(ess$ t !y r5d]$ soldi]s invuln]able1 & 7 a bett] def5ce aga9/ bullets ?an ! f9e/ arm\r ev] wr\ght by ! smi?s ( ,milan4 ,h[ preci\s a rem$y = ?is epo* ( civilisation1 :5 man--is he mu* wis] ?an 8 suppos$ prog5itor1 ! ape8--seeks to replace ! *ol]a & ! pe/il5ce by ! mo/ t]rific eng9es ( de/ruction6 99 99 99 99 99 ,! birds inhabit+ ! inhospitable region ( ! sn[s are m num]\s ?an ! mammals4 ,let u briefly ref] to a few ( ! m important4 ,,! ,,eagle ,,& ,,! ,,wr54 ,9 speak+ ( ! eagle1 ,t5nyson's noble l9es to t imp]ial bird w occur to e read]1 f ! =ce & cle>ness ( ! picture :i* !y pres5t3-- ,he clasps ! crag ) hookd h&s2 ,close to ! sun 9 lonely l&s1 ,r+$ ) ! azure _w1 he /&s4 ,! wr9kl$ sea b5ea? him crawls2 ,he wat*es f 8 m\nta9 walls1 ,& l a ?und]bolt he falls4 ,! affection ( ! eagle = 8 m\nta9 walls may be easily und]/ood4 ,?is giant bird1 ) 8 c>nivor\s in/9cts1 is end[$ ) a rem>kable t5acity ( life1 & c exi/ 9 habitats :olly inaccessible to man4 ,b x is /range t a bird1 :i* is z common a type ( humility z ! eagle is ( ambition1 & :i* we almo/ always cite z a contra/ to ! eagle--we mean1 ! delicate little wr5--%\ld also be f\nd among ! sn[ & ice1 ! sil5ce & solitude1 ( ! l(tie/ m\nta9 regions4 ,to /udy ! flight ( ! eagle1 we %\ld repair to ,alp9e highl&s4 ,:5 he has rea*$ a c]ta9 altitude ( ! atmosph]e1 ! royal bird desc5ds obliquely1 z ^u an incl9$ plane1 ) a ru% & a d9 ( w+s1 & at a spe$ ( upw>ds ( ?irty-six y>ds p] second4 ,we assur$ ourselves ( ! accuracy ( ?is fact dur+ an asc5t ( ,m\nt ,ho*krpf1 9 ! canton ( ,gl>is4 ,! bird trav]s$ 9 six m9utes a space ( #dj1jjj ,swiss feet1 :i* is equal to ab\t =ty y>ds p] second4 ,?is result agrees1 on ! :ole1 ) ! obs]vations ( a travell]1 :o wrote 9 ! ,n\velle ,gazette de ,zuri*1 on ! #bf? ( ,augu/ #ahfc3-- ,a society ( t\ri/s set out f ,corri to climb ! ,/tz]horn1 :i* is #hdjj feet 9 height4 ,f ! summit !y p]ceiv$ an enorm\s eagle1 :i*1 hav+ tak5 8 flight f ,cal&a1 beyond ! ,rh9e1 direct$ 8 c\rse t[>ds ! ,/tz]horn1 = ! purpose ( halt+1 aft] a c]ta9 inflection1 on ! side ( ! ,ro?horn4 ,! duration ( ! flight 0 five m9utes2 ! int]val betwe5 ! />t+-po9t & ! po9t ( arrival1 two ,fr5* leagues & a half4 ,9 ?ree hundr$ seconds1 !re=e1 ! eagle mu/ h trav]s$ a space ( #cjjj ,swiss feet1 :i* is equal to a spe$ ( =ty-five y>ds p] second4 ,h5ce1 ! swiftness ( ! eagle's flight is ne>ly equal to ! velocity ( s\nd4 ,"o ( ! mo/ admirable descriptions ( ! habits ( ?is bird ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 is furni%$ by ! well-kn[n naturali/ ,macgillivray3-- ,!re he /&s--on 8 lonely crag--ne>ly erect1 ) 8 tail depress$1 8 l>ge w+s half rais$ by 8 side1 8 neck /ret*$ out1 & 8 eye gli/5+ z he glances ar\nd4 ,l o!r robb]s ( ! des]t1 he has a noble aspect1 an imp]ative mi51 a look ( pr\d defiance2 b 8 nobility has a ca/ ( cl[ni%ness1 & 8 falcon%ip a vultur9e t+e4 ,/ill he is a noble bird1 p[]ful1 indep5d5t1 pr\d1 & f]oci\s1 reg>dless ( ! weal or woe ( o!rs1 & int5t only on ! gratification ( 8 own appetite2 )\t g5]osity1 )\t hon\r2 bold aga9/ ! def5celess1 b ev] ready to sneak f dang]4 ,su* is 8 nobility1 ab\t :i* m5 h s rav$4 ,sudd5ly he raises 8 w+s1 = he has he>d ! :i/le ( ! %eph]d on ! crag1 & b\nd+ =w>d1 he spr+s into ! air4 ,h>dly d ^? vigor\s flaps s]ve at fir/ to prev5t 8 desc5t1 b n[ curv+ upw>ds1 he glides maje/ically along4 ,z he passes ! corn] ( t buttress$ & battlem5t$ crag1 =? ru% two rav5s f _! ne/1 croak+ fi]cely4 ,:ile "o flies above him1 ! o!r /eals b5ea?1 & !y essay to /rike him1 b d>e n1 = !y h an in/9ctive k ( ! p[] ( 8 grasp2 &1 aft] foll[+ him a little way1 !y return to _! home1 va9ly exult+ 9 ! ?\ght ( hav+ driv5 him f _! neighb\rhood4 ,b on a f> j\rney1 he advances 9 a direct l9e1 flapp+ 8 great w+s at regul> int]vals1 !n %oot+ along )\t seem+ to move !m4 ,9 t5 m9utes he has progress$ ?ree miles1 al?\gh he is 9 no ha/e1 & n[ disappe>s beh9d ! %\ld] ( ! hill4 ,b we may foll[ him 9 imag9ation1 = 8 habits be+ well kn[n to u1 we may be all[$ ! orni?ological lic5se ( trac+ !m 9 cont9uance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,! ,eagle's ,habitat4 ,homew>d b\nd1--,mr ,macgillivray cont9ues1--aft] hav+ suppli$ 8 own wants1 he kn[s t 8 "y mu/ be provid$ ) food4 ,!re=e he sweeps across ! moor1 at a height ( two or ?ree hundr$ feet1 b5d+ 8 c\rse to ei!r side1 8 w+s wide-spread1 8 neck & feet retract$1 n[ beat+ ! air1 & aga9 sail+ smoo?ly along4 ,sudd5ly he halts1 poises himself = a mom5t1 /oops1 b recov]s himself )\t t\*+ ! gr\nd4 ,! object ( 8 reg>ds1 a gold5 plov]1 :i* he spi$ on h] ne/1 has contriv$ to elude him1 & he does n c>e to pursue h]4 ,n[1 !n1 he asc5ds a little1 :eels 9 %ort abrupt curves1 pres5tly ru%es d[n headlong1 assumes ! horizontal position :5 close to ! gr\nd1 prev5ts himself f be+ da%$ aga9/ x by exp&+ 8 w+s & tail1 ?ru/s =? 8 talons1 & grasp+ a poor1 t]rifi$ pt>migan t sat c[]+ among ! gray li*5s1 squeezes x to dea?1 raises 8 head exult+ly1 utt]s a cle>1 %rill cry1 &1 ris+ f ! gr\nd1 pursues 8 j\rney4 ,z he passes a tall cliff ov]hang+ a sil5t lake1 he is attack$ by a fi]ce p]egr9e falcon1 :i* d>ts & plunges at him1 z if resolv$ to deprive him ( 8 booty1 or drive him headlong to ! gr\nd4 ,a m =midable foe is ?is ?an ! rav52 & ! eagle1 ) a scream & a yelp1 ?r[s himself into po/ures ( def5ce1 until1 at l5g?1 ! hawk1 p]ceiv+ t ! tyrant has no int5tion ( plund]+ 8 ne/1 leaves him to pursue 8 c\rse )\t fur!r mole/ation4 ,ov] d5se woods1 & gre5 fields1 & scatt]$ hamlets1 ! eagle spe$s2 & n[ he ent]s ! long riv]-valley1 ne> ^: upp] end1 cradl$ 9 mi/1 rises ! rock ( 8 eyrie4 ,ab\t a mile f x he meets 8 mate1 :o has be5 abroad on a simil> design1 & is return+ ) a :ite h>e z h] spoil4 ,) l\d /rid5t cries !y congratulate ea* o!r1 cries t al>m ! dr[sy %eph]d on ! gre5 /ra? bel[1 :o1 rememb]+ ! lambs c>ri$ (f 9 spr+-"t1 dis*>ges at !m a volley ( mal$ictions4 ,_! ne/ is ( consid]able size1 b rudely con/ruct$2 a pile ( twigs & hea!r & dead /icks1 some:at holl[ 9 ! middle1 :]e lies a ?9 deposit ( wool & fea!rs4 ,"h repose ! eaglets1 two 9 numb]1 & clo!d 9 s(t :ite d[n4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,! ,lamm]gei]4 ,indep5d5tly ( ! species :i*1 l ! ,p&ion halitus1 & ! ,aquila nvia1 inhabit ! l[] regions1 ! eagles :i* visit ! ,alps are v rem>kable4 ,?us1 ! species ( ,gypatos1 :i* ! inhabitants designate "u ! "n ( ! ,lamm]gei]1 or ,lamb-slay]1 is ! ,european condor4 ,! spread ( 8 w+s is ab\t t5 feet2 he weighs f eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r p\nds1 & c easily c>ry (f 9 8 talons kids1 lambs1 & ev5 *ildr54 ,! ,/e9adl]1 :i*1 l ! prec$+1 belongs to ! inaccessible m\nta9s ( ! cantons ( ,gl>is1 ,s*wyz1 ! ,grisons1 ,app5zell1 & ,b]ne1 w\ld seem to be a v>iety or sub-species ( ! ,aquila imp]ialis4 ,! inhabitants ( ,ebl+51 a village on ! bord]s ( ! ,lake ( ,bri5z1 hunt him vigor\sly4 ,f9ally1 "s eagles !re are :i* only soj\rn 9 ! ,alps tempor>ily2 !y appe> to be a/ray2 su* are-- ,! ,circetus leucopsis1 :i* has a p>ticul> affection = s]p5t-haunt$ di/ricts2 ,! ,halitus leucocephala1 ) head & tail ( a milky :ite1 belong+ to ! nor? ( ,europe & ,am]ica2 & ,! ,neophron p]cnopt]us1 or ,egyptian eagle1 ( c>rion-l od\r1 :i* is sometimes met ) 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,g5eva4 ,! tawny-head$ vulture 7,vultur fulvus71 & ! a%y vulture 7,vultur c9]eus71 ) gray-br[n m\?1 & a br[ni% coll> r\nd 8 b>e neck1 are extremely r>e 9 ,switz]l&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b we n[ take leave ( ! eagle1 & turn our att5tion to ! l[ly wr51 ^: *>m+ b simple music has be5 describ$ 9 *>m+ b simple v]se by ,bi%op ,mant3-- ,! quick note ( ! russet wr51 ,famili> to ! haunts ( m52 ,he quits 9 holl[$ wall 8 b[]1 ,& ?r\gh ! w9t]'s gloomy h\r ,s+s *e]ily2 nor yet ha? lo/ ,8 bli!ness1 *ill$ by p9*+ fro/1 ,nor yet is =c$ = w>m? to cleave ,to cav]n$ nook or /raw-built cave1-- ,s+1 g5tle bird6 s+ on1 design$ ,a lesson = our anxi\s k9d1 ,t we1 l !e1 ) he>ts cont5t---- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,! ,wr54 ,! wr5 "h ref]r$ to is a ,briti% species1 ! common wr51 or ,troglodytes vulg>is1 "o ( ! smalle/ ( our ,briti% song/]s2 a re/less1 lively bird1 :i* twitt]s ab\t ! h$g][s 9 summ]1 & ab\t ! g>d5 & %rubb]y 9 w9t]1 & *ant+ 8 mell[ song ev5 "u ! gloomy sky ( ,decemb]4 ,alli$ to ?is famili> bird is ! ,gold-cr[n$ ,knight1#bb or ,sylvia regulus1 :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,alp9e des]ts at an elevation ( #ijjj to #aj1jjj feet4 ,l our own ,j5ny ,wr51 he has a v f9e1 sl5d] bill1 :i* d5otes 8 insectivor\s prop5sities4 ,he is easily kn[n by ! little cre/ ( silky fea!rs :i* he we>s on 8 head1 l a diadem1 & also by 8 peculi> cry ( s\ci---4 ,our cr[n$ knight is v p>tial to ! society ( ! tits1 &1 l !m1 he is easily caught ) birdlime4 ,he is s fond ( ! company ( o!r birds1 t1 :5 he f9ds himself alone1 he becomes disquiet$2 8 prolong$ t9y *irp gr[s pla9tive2 & he flies to & fro 9 que/ ( comrades4 ,he may be reg>d$ z a tru/wor?y b>omet]1 =1 prior to ra9y wea!r1 8 song is v l\d & incessant4 ,devot$ to ! pursuit ( insects or _! l>v1 he seems to pay no att5tion to ! pass]-by2 he flutt]s vivaci\sly f bran* to bran*1 & puts himself 9 all imag9able positions1 sometimes ) 8 head upw>ds1 sometimes ) 8 head d[nw>ds4 ,we h (t5 wat*$1 ) extreme gratification1 ! acrobatic tricks ( our ,lilliputian gymna/4 ,occasionally1 be=e he p]*es1 y w see him1 9 a fr5zy ( indecision1 rapidly agitat+ 8 w+s1 & revolv+ !m l a :eel4 ,if y look at him1 :ile ?us engag$1 aga9/ ! light1 y w ?9k y see a t9y1 e!real1 diaphan\s sp9n+-top4 ,aft] assi/+ at su* a spectacle1 :i* ! fir/ wood w furni%1 y w n be indispos$ to admit ) u1 t ! bird designat$ by ! ,greeks 1 or little :eel1 & ^: id5tity has s (t5 be5 discuss$1 01 9 reality1 our gold5-cre/$ knight4 ,moreov]1 he is a true cosmopolite1 9 e acceptation ( ! ^w4 ,n only does he nev] quit u1 n only does he rema9 fai?ful to u ?r\gh\t ! ye>1 b we meet ) him ov] all ,europe4 ,he is also f\nd 9 ,asia1 & ev51 x is said1 9 ,am]ica1 f ! ,we/ ,indies to ,canada4 ,8 flight be+ v %ort1 x is suppos$ t he pass$ f "o hemisph]e to ano!r by way ( ,behr+'s ,/rait4 ,x is c]ta91 at all ev5ts1 t he discov]$ ! ,new ,_w be=e ,*ri/oph] ,columbus4 ,dur+ ! sev]e cold ( ! w9t] ( #ahfg-h1 we saw our knight--a v r>e circum/ance--haunt ! vic9ity ( our h\ses1 ?\gh he pref]s ! gre5 %ade ( ! =e/s1 & especially ( ! =e/s ( p9e & fir4 ,he :o has se5 him peck+ at ! b>k & leaves ( ^! trees1 :ile ! gr\nd 0 cov]$ ) sn[1 & dur+ a fro/ ( #aj bel[ z]o 7,c471 w feel no a/oni%m5t at meet+ him ^u ! sn[y summits ( ! ,alps4 ,yet ?is pet bird ( ours1 ?is ,lilliputian w>bl]1 does n weigh m1 ) all 8 fea!rs1 ?an a qu>t] ( an ounce1 or ! two ?\s&? "p ( an eagle4 ,away ) ! hunt] :o w\ld attempt su* t9y game6 ,a bird s small t he glides ?r\gh ! me%es ( a net1--s delicate1 t if y w\ld n irrep>ably injure y\r specim51 y mu/ %oot him ) a few gra9s ( f9e/ %ot1--a bird ( su* frail appe>ance1 )/&+ all climates1 & di/ribut$ ov] ! entire surface ( ! globe1--"h is a subject wor?y ! m$itation ( man1 :o pret5ds to be ! "l ( creation6 ,,! ,,sn[-,,bunt+--7,emb]iza plectrophanes nivalis74 ,?is is ! sn[-l>k-bunt+ ( ,macgillivray1 & a species ( ! g5us ,plectrophanes4 ,9 ,scotl&1 he is frequ5tly call$ ! ,sn[-flake1 &1 9 o!r p>ts ( ,great ,brita91 ! ,sn[ or ,oat-f[l4 ,8 weight does n exce$ an ounce & a half4 ,8 bill & legs are black2 8 =ehead & cr[n :ite1 ) an admixture ( black on ! h9d "p ( ! head2 black are ! back & sides1 b ea* w+ is m>k$ by a broad belt ( :ite2 ! quill fea!rs are black1 ) :ite bases2 ! second>ies are :ite1 ) black spots on ! int]ior webs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,! ,cre/s ( ,inaccessible ,rocks4 ,! sn[-bunt+'s fav\rite localities1 :]e he loves to build 8 ne/1 are ! cre/s ( inaccessible rocks1 surr\nd$ by va/ fields ( sn[1 9 ^: mid/ ! sun & tempe/ h creat$ a few oases4 ,! mo/ he does is to approa* ! hospices ( ,monts ,/ ,b]n>d & ,/ ,go?>d1 & con/ruct 8 ne/ "u ! eaves ( _! ro(s4 ,?is ne/1 made ( long blades ( grass1 is l9$ int]nally ) hair & ! fea!rs ( p\ltry4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ,may1 ! female lays six eggs ( a sn[y :it5ess1 & ! male assi/s 9 hat*+ !m1 & br++ up ! "y4 ,! bill ( ! latt] is1 at fir/1 ( a bright yell[1 :i* turns black1 l t ( ! p>5ts1 z !y gr[ old]4 ,! sn[-bunt+ r>ely desc5ds into ! wood$ region4 ,( a v sprightly disposition1 he sp5ds ne>ly all 8 life 9 ! mid/ ( ! sn[s & ! ice4 ,8 song some:at resembles t ( ! f9*1 :i* he also resembles 9 size & social in/9cts2 = he may frequ5tly be se5 9 num]\s b&s hov]+ above ! highe/ m\nta9s4 ,! sn[-bunt+ is also met ) 9 ! nor!rn di/ricts ( ,asia & ,am]ica4 ,,! ,,r$-,,bill$ ,,cr[--7,corvus pyrrhocorax74 ,! famili> cry ( ?is bird1 :o resembles ! ?ru%1--! krapp-krapp ( ! r$-bill$ cr[ 7la corneille des nieges71--agreeably falls on ! e> ( ! travell]1 :5 w&]+ ?r\gh solitudes devoid ( any o!r liv+ be+4 ,by _! cries & _! pres5ce ^! birds animate ! d5ud$ rocks :i* rise l promontories 9 seas ( ice4 ,!y are easily di/+ui%$ f o!r species by _! coral-r$ bills2 :5ce _! "n ( ,pyrrhocorax4 ,!y ne/ 9 troops 9 ! crevices ( ! mo/ inaccessible rocks1 & propagate !re f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,_! pres5ce is indicat$ by enorm\s heaps ( ordure1 v]itable guano1 :i* might well be us$ = manure4 ,_! abrupt asc5ts & /rid5t cries are signs ( bad wea!r1 :i* ! m\nta9e] kn[s h[ to pr(it by4 ,if caught :5 "y1 ^! birds are easily dome/icat$4 ,m4 ,ts*udi1 9 8 ,life among ! ,alps1 relates ! hi/ory ( "o :o _h be5 tam$4 ,he w\ld himself g 9 que/ ( ! bread1 *eese1 & fruits :i* compos$ 8 repa/2 !n1 hold+ 9 8 claws ! prize he _h covet$1 dev\r x ) avidity4 ,:at rema9$ ( 8 meal he c>efully conceal$ 9 pap]1 & w\ld gallantly def5d ! hidd5 treasure aga9/ :omsoev] d>$ to approa* x1 aga9/ dogs z well z man4 ,fire _h a s+ul> attraction = him2 he w\ld extract f a lamp ! burn+ wick1 & swall[ x )\t su/a9+ any injury2 he w\ld swall[ ev5 ! dbris ( ! *>coal z he flutt]$ ab\t ! *imney4 ,he %[$ an excessive joy at ! sight ( smoke1 & l\dly clapp$ 8 w+s4 ,:5ev] he caught sight ( any burn+ coal1 he did n fail to pick up imm$iately all ! pap]1 rags1 or twigs he c\ld lay 8 claws on2 ^! he w\ld place 9 ! /ove1 & amuse himself by wat*+ ! smoke !y gave =?4 ,if a /rang] ent]$ ! room1 he gave v5t to ! mo/ deaf5+ cries1 ?\gh he 0 exce$+ly g5tle & famili> t[>ds p]sons ) :om he 0 acqua9t$4 ,8 fri5ds & fav\rites he di/+ui%$ 9 a peculi> mann]2 he ran 9 front ( !m1 display$ 8 joy by exp&+ 8 w+s1 & alt]nately p]*$ himself on _! h&s1 _! head1 _! %\ld]s1 eye+ !m all ov]1 & b5d+ 8 head z if to kiss !m4 ,e morn+ he ent]$ 8 ma/]'s b$room1 call$ him by 8 "n1 po/$ himself on 8 pill[1 & wait$ tranquilly until he awoke2 !n he express$ 8 satisfaction by all k9ds ( ge/ures & noises4 ,,reptiles4 ,close to ! l9e ( p]petual sn[ a black v>iety ( vip]s has be5 met )2 b none ( ! s]p5t race ev] cross t l9e4 ,! only reptile f\nd )9 ! b\nd>ies ( ! sn[y region is a k9d ( liz>d 7,zootoca pyrrhoga/ra71 ! only "o1 p]haps1 ( all ! v]tebrata :i* c\ld live at an elevation above ! sea-level ( m ?an #iejj feet1 buri$ 9 ! sn[ = upw>ds ( t5 mon?s4 ,dur+ ! few bright summ] weeks1 he fe$s ^u "s r>e insects & spid]s4 ,! frigid zone is s f> ! natural habitat ( ^! liz>ds1 t !y w\ld r die ( hung] ?an live 9 ! m g5ial regions to :i* m5 h wi%$ to transplant !m4 ,9 l5g? !y ne>ly equal our common liz>ds1 b !y are n q s big2 _! back is ( a *esnut br[n1 m>k$ ) black /reaks & dots2 ! ?roat is blui%2 ! belly ( ! male is ( a gre5i% blue1 spott$ ) black1 :ile t ( ! female is ( s lively a r$ z to h sugge/$ ! "n ( ! species1 ,pyrrhoga/ra2 j z ! "n ( ! g5us is d]iv$ f ! circum/ance t ! "y are hat*$ 9 ! "m's belly1 & are born alive l ! "y ( a mammal4 ,?is /atem5t1 too1 holds good ) respect to ! vip]1 :i* also endures ! cold ( elevat$ regions4 ,,inf]ior ,,animals4 ,our in=mation is /ill v incomplete s f> z relates to ! molluscs1 ! ara*nida1 & ! insects :i* inhabit ! frigid zone4 ,! ,alp9e snail 7,helix ,alpicola71 s rem>kable = its transp>5cy1 appe>s to be ! sole mollusc :i*1 9 c]ta9 localities1 atta9s to an elevation ( #gjjj feet4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 surpass$ by ! e>?worm1 :i* is n only di/ribut$ ov] ! surface ( e c\ntry1 b asc5ds to ! sn[y summits ( ! l(tie/ m\nta9s4 ,few animals h _! geographical di/ribution s ext5d$ bo? horizontally & v]tically2 & only "s species ( spid]s & millep$s keep company ) ! e>?worm4 ,among ! o!r inhabitants ( ! sn[s h also be5 obs]v$ a doz5 species ( butt]flies1--ne>ly all diurnal1--= ! phaln 7871 or nocturnal ,lepidopt]a1 appe> to be mu* m s5sible to ! cold4 ,m4 ,agassiz saw ! ,little ,vulcan 7,vanessa urtic7 flutt]+ 9 ! sn[y des]t :i* bord]s on ! glaci] ( ,a>1 z if x 7 completely 9 its elem5t4 ,! w+s ( ! majority ( ^! butt]flies are sombre-col\r$2 _! cat]pill>s live ^u ! auriculas1 & seem to accompli% _! metamorphoses 9 regions un9habitable to u4 ,! leaf-wasp 7,t5?r$o sp9acula7 appe>s to deposit its l>v1 at a height ( ne>ly #aj1jjj feet1 9 ! galls ( ! ,alp9e rose 7rhodod5dron f]rug9eum & rhodod5dron hirsutum47 99 99 99 99 99 ,! coleopt]a h also num]\s repres5tatives 9 ! region ( p]petual sn[s1 ) ?is diff]5ce--equally *>act]i/ic ( o!r animals--t1 ^u ! s\!rn declivity1 !y asc5d #ajjj to #aejj feet high] ?an on ! nor!rn4 ,we may m5tion1 z specially di/ribut$ 9 ! topmo/ zone ( ! ,alp9e _w3-- ,! ,*rysomela salic9a1 a pretty little beetle1 sometimes blue1 sometimes deep gre51 & f9ely punctuat$1 :i* lives almo/ exclusively ^u a species ( dw>f will[ 7,salix retusa74 ,! ,nebria ,es*]i1 a black beetle1 ab\t two ?irds ( an in* long1 ) feet & ant5n ( a br[ni% r$2 & ,! ,nebria ,*evri]ii1 ) ru/-col\r$ feet & ant5n1 common 9 ! s\rces ( ! ,rh9e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,special m5tion mu/ be made ( ! ,sn[-,flea4 ,d n ?9k we are ref]r+ to an insect ( ! same species z our common fleas3 ! sn[-flea approximates mu* m closely to ! lice family ?an to ! fleas1 ?\gh x hops l ! latt]4 ,! hi/ory ( its discov]y dates back z f> z #ahci4 ,at ?is epo*1 ,m4 ,desor1 a le>n$ ,swiss naturali/1 _h und]tak5 "s rese>*es ^u ! glaci]s4 ,accompani$ by "s fri5ds1 he set out f ! hospice ( ! ,grimsel1 & arriv$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ! glaci] ( ! ,l[] ,a>4 ,he _h comm5c$ 8 obs]vations1 :5 sudd5ly he he>d ,agassiz call+ him1 & %\t+1 ,come1 come1 make ha/e2 "h are y\r ,mont ,rosa fleas4 ,desor ran to ! spot1 & saw "u a /one ! little creatures :om ,agassiz p]si/$ 9 tak+ to be v]itable lice1 pret5d+ !y _h be5 accid5tally br\ght to ^! heights4 ,i recognis$ ) extreme joy1 says ,m4 ,desor1 ! little creatures ^: loss ,i _h regrett$ a ye> be=e4 ,!y are n pretty1 b1 on ! contr>y1 v ugly4 ,h[ev]1 !y %[$1 9 opposition to ! op9ion ( ,agassiz1 t !y really inhabit$ ! glaci]1 & 7 n m]ely *ance visitors4 ,we f\nd !m by ?\s&s "u o!r /ones4 444 ,our guide1 ) :om ! glaci]s 7 old acqua9tances1 _h nev] se5 !m be=e1 & ! t9y creatures excit$ 8 a/oni%m5t4 ,:at surpris$ u mo/ 0 ! rapidity ) :i* !y p5etrat$ into ev5 ! mo/ compact ice1 till !y resembl$ blood-corpuscles circulat+ 9 _! vessels4 ,?is fact %[s t !re exi/1 9 ! h>de/ & mo/ transp>5t ice1 c]ta9 capill>y fissures :i* escape an unskill$ eye3 x also proves t ! glaci]s1 on _! surface1 & d[n to a c]ta9 dep?1 are by no means incompatible ) ! developm5t ( organis$ be+s4#bc ,! t9y insect 9 "q 0 at fir/ baptiz$ by ! "n ( ,desoria saltans 7ord] ( ! ,?ysan\r ( ,latreille71 b has s9ce receiv$ def9itively ! "n ( ,desoria glacialis4 ,x belongs to ! family ( ! ,podur1 s+ul> creatures :i*1 by virtue ( _! =m1 are a l9k betwe5 ! e>wigs & ! spid]s4 ,^! are its g5]ic *>act]s3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;,desoria glacialis2 a1 natural size2 b1 enl>g$4 ,! body elongat$1 cyl9drical1 g>ni%$ ) long seti=m hairs1 & compos$ ( eight segm5ts1 six ( :i* are p]fectly di/9ct1 & two 7! two latt]7 v %ort1 & sc>cely p]ceptible2 f\r-jo9t$ ant5n1 long] ?an ! head2 long1 sl5d]1 cyl9drical feet2 =k$ tail1 silky1 & transv]sely wr9kl$2 sev5 eyes1 lat]ally gr\p$ at ! base ( ea* ant5na2 body )\t scales4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,podura plumbea2 a1 natural size2 b1 enl>g$4 ,! ,desoria glacialis1 a species at pres5t unique1 is ( a velvety black1 & ab\t "o-six? ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,! ,podura plumbea 7or ,spr+ ,tail71 common en\gh 9 ,engl&1 & f\nd "u all k9ds ( /ones1 w give ! read] an idea ( ! flea ( ! glaci]s4 ,on comp>+ ^! two species1 we rem>k1 fir/1 t ! ,podura plumbea is some:at long] & ?ick] 9 body ?an ! flea ( ! glaci]s 7see ,fig4 #af2 a1 natural size2 b1 enl>g$72 b x is m p>ticul>ly by ! l5g? ( its ant5n t we di/+ui% x4 ,x owes its specific "n ( ,plumbea to ! livid blue or lead5 col\r ( ! scales :i* cov] its body4 ,^! scales resemble ^? ( butt]flies2 only !y are mu* small]1 m f9ely situat$1 & v v>iable 9 =m & size 7,fig4 #ag74 ,9 cat*+ x great c>e is requir$1 = x is s easily cru%$2 x is1 besides1 v s(t to ! t\*1 ?\gh1 :5 exam9$ ) a microscope1 x is se5 to bri/le all ov] ) hairs1 app>5tly v h>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,our podur h also ! faculty ( leap+1 & cl+ by ?\s&s to humid places1 especially to mosses & ! "u-surface ( /ones4 ,! me*anism ( _! leap is expla9$ by ! pres5ce ( a =k$1 flexible1 & ela/ic app5dage1 lodg$ 9 a k9d ( v5tral groove b5ea? ! la/ segm5ts2 by project+ ?is rapidly beh9d1 ! :ole body ( ! animal is ?r[n =w>d4 ,at ! slighte/ contact ! insect folds up its caudal app5dage "u its belly1 & y w\ld !n suppose x did n possess "o4 ,?is circum/ance expla9s :y1 9 _m books ( natural hi/ory ( good repute1 ! podur1 & especially s common a species z ! ,podura plumbea1 are repres5t$ )\t ?is *>act]i/ic in/rum5t4 ,,h]bace\s ,,plants ,,:i* ,,be/ ,,endure ,,! ,,cold ,,( ,,w9t]4 ,! way to look at ?+s1 :i* is ! true f\ndation ( sci5ce1 v>ies1 n only accord+ to a man's degree ( intellectual cultivation1 b accord+ to 8 social condition or pr(ession4 ,! h]bori/ has eyes only = ! plants 9 :i* he deals1--! simples :i*1 z we read 9 old ,g]>de1 wr\ght su* wond]ful cures 9 ! days ( our =efa!rs1--& f ! mo/ exquisite fl[]s he turns ) indiff]5ce4 ,! g>d5]1 on ! o!r h&1 is :olly absorb$ by 8 love & 8 hate1--8 *>m+ exotics1 & 8 tr\blesome we$s4 ,! latt] he reg>ds ) mu* ! same feel+s z a society :olly compos$ ( hone/ m5 w\ld reg>d an infusion ( ! dang]\s elem5ts2 = we$s1 l rogues1 take :at is n _! own1 & deprive o!rs ( _! means ( su/5ance4 ,b to classify plants accord+ to _! virtues or vices is n wor?y ( sci5ce1 exclaims ! rigid botani/4 ,w\ld y m+le vile self-int]e/ ) ! pure /udy ( ! vegetable k+dom8 ,rememb] t all selfi% feel+s ought to be bani%$ f ! sublime sanctu>y ( analysis & syn!sis4 ,?is s\nds exce$+ly well4 ,dis9t]e/$ words1 f :atev] qu>t] !y come1 always produce--p]haps1 on acc\nt ( _! comp>ative r>ity--an admirable effect4 ,b :at is _! real value8 ,to asc]ta9 x1 ! li/5] mu/ be able to seize1 l s _m lum9\s ?reads1 all ! emotions :i* are act+ ^u ! he>t & tongue ( ! speak]4 ,b we are v f> f hav+ arriv$ at ?is degree ( p]fection4 ,%all we ev] atta9 to x8 ,yes1 because we c conceive its possibility4 ,b1 until t gold5 epo*1 ! pure love ( sci5ce w always rema9 a my?1 & we %all n h univ]sally und]/ood ! necessity ( seek+ 9 ! pr(\nd /udy ( nature ! gr& de/9y ( man4 ,x is among ! we$s & noxi\s plants t we %all f9d ! species capable ( endur+ longe/ ! cold ( w9t]4 ,:at "p1 !n1 d !y fulfil 9 ! economy ( creation8 ,an ambiti\s1 b n a novel "q1 :i* has (t5 be5 prop\nd$ 9 ref]5ce to our p>asitical insects4 ,! be/ answ] :i* we c make to x is ?is3 ,ev]y?+ invites u to "w4 ,lab\r is impos$ ev5 ^u him :o lea/ desires x4 ,e>? w yield a return only 9 proportion to ! c>e we be/[ ^u h]4 ,if1 aft] hav+ toil$ & s[n1 we _h no?+ to d b to ga!r 9 ! h>ve/1 e p]son w\ld become an agriculturi/4 ,b a soil :i* is n manur$ w soon gr[ exhau/$2 & if x be nei!r pl\gh$ nor h>r[$1 in/ead ( b>ley or vegetables1 x w soon be cov]$ ) t>es2 rank we$s w fl\ri% 9 e field4 ,su* is ! *a/isem5t res]v$ = slo?1--! true orig9al s9 ( ! human race4 ,well1 !n1 x is among ! we$s1 ev]y:]e s common1 t we meet ) ! plants be/ able to brave ! rig\rs ( fro/4 ,,! ,,dog ,,m]cury4 ,! annual ,dog ,m]cury 7,m]curialis annua7 is "o ( ! mo/ t5aci\s4 ,x attracts ! pass]-by1 if he condesc5d to be/[ a glance ^u x1 only by its extreme abundance2 x propagates v l>gely1 ?\gh x is by no means p>tial to all localities4 ,= in/ance1 x avoids ! woods z p]si/5tly z its cong5]1 ! common ,dog ,m]cury 7,m]curialis p]5nis7 seeks !m4 ,x pref]s ! vic9ity ( human habitations & uncultivat$ fields4 ,if let alone1 x spreads ) a dang]\s rapidity1 & invades e g>d5 :i* is n kept 9 ! mo/ exquisite ord]4 ,/ill1 we mu/ n deal too h>%ly ) x4 ,x is n altoge!r unfri5dly to man4 ,9 tru?1 ow+ to its laxative prop]ties1 x r5d]s him invaluable s]vices4 ,! c\ntry p h great fai? 9 fom5tations ( ,dog ,m]cury & honey4 ,und]/&1 we pray y1 t n an atom ( m]cury ent]s into x1 despite its significant "n2 b a decoction ( ! annual ,dog ,m]cury1 mix$ ) a little ?ick honey1 answ]s all ! purposes ( ^? l5itive cly/]s :i* are s b5eficial to excitable temp]am5ts4 ,! leaves ( ! plant are eat5 9 ,g]many l sp9a*4 ,( ! ,m]curialis p]5nis ,mr ,s[]by writes3--,?is plant 0 =m]ly us$ 9 m$ic9e1 b has long be5 ab&on$ z a rem$y4 ,x is extremely acrid1 & ev5 poison\s1 ?\gh recomm5d$ 9 "s old books z a good pot-h]b1 probably f be+ conf\nd$ ) ! annual species4 ,:5 /eep$ 9 wat]1 ! leaves give out a f9e blue col\r resembl+ indigo4 ,?is col\r+ matt] is turn$ r$ by acids1 & de/roy$ by alkalis1 b is o!rwise p]man5t2 x might possibly prove valuable z a dye1 if any means c\ld be discov]$ ( fix+ x1 & ! h]b has be5 introduc$ into ?is "w ) ! view ( draw+ ! att5tion ( *emi/s to ! subject2 no exp]im5ts seem to h be5 lately made ^u x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,let u n[ advise y h[ to di/+ui% our m$ic9al plant f ! ill we$s ) :i* x loves to associate4 ,its ovate1 r\gh1 irregul>ly-d5tat$1 & petiolat$ leaves w\ld n give x a suffici5tly m>k$ "*1 _h x no o!r features peculi> to itself4 ,b obs]ve ! yell[i%-gre5 glom]ules1 arrang$1 l millet1 on a long frail spike4 7,fig4 #ah1 a47 ,!y exhale1 z y\r nose w in=m y1 a peculi> aroma1 l t ( spic$ bread3 no o!r plant b our ,dog ,m]cury is gift$ ) ?is od\r4 ,n[1 br+ y\r magnify+-glass to be> ^u x2 ) ! po9t ( a knife or a fea!r op5 "o ( ! gra9s :i* =m ! glom]ules ( ! spike2 out ( x w leap1 z if impell$ by an invisible spr+1 a l>ge numb] ( /am5s1 easily di/+ui%$ by _! ela/ic ?read-l an!rs1 cov]$ ) t9y yell[ beads4 ,ea* gre5i% gra9 is a fl[]2 ! calyx1 :i* also s]ves z ! corolla1 is repres5t$ by ?ree little petals1 =m+ ! ext]nal envelope ( ! little fl[]4 7,fig4 #ah1 b47 ,b some?+ ess5tial is /ill want+2 9 ! c5tre ( ! /am5s y d n f9d any pi/il4 ,:y is s important an organ want+8 ,because our little r\nd$ fl[]s1 ) _! spice-bread od\r1 h b "o sex1 are unisexual2 !y are male fl[]s1 s9ce !y are furni%$ only ) /am5s4 ,9 va9 d y hunt on ! same /em = _! companions1 ! female fl[]s4 ,y w f9d !m only ^u o!r /ems1 di/9ct f ^? :i* be> ! male fl[]s4 ,! ,dog ,m]cury1 !n1 is a plant ^: two sexes are lodg$ 9 two diff]5t h\ses1 --is1 9 fact1 a dioeci\s species4 ,b y are sure to f9d ! female fl[]s 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! /ems ) ! male fl[]s4 ,!y are easily recognis$ by _! l>g] & d>k] leaves 7,fig4 #ah1 c72 & especially by _! little tw9 pods1 gre51 wr9kl$1 & p$icellate1#bd :i* g>ni% ! axil ( ! leaves4 7,fig4 #ah1 d47 ,f ?is *>act]i/ic ! female m]cury 0 =m]ly mi/ak5 = ! male2 & _m c5turies elaps$ be=e naturali/s recognis$1 :at n[-a-days seems s simple1 t ! little pods1 jo9$ 9 c\ples1 & conta9+ ea* a gra91 compos$ ! fruit ( a s+le plant2 t e fruit proce$s f an ov>y2 & t e ov>y is a sign ( ! fem99e sex4 ,9 ! ,hi/oria ,naturalis ( ,pl9y1 :o 0 at once s acute & s cr$ul\s an obs]v]1 we fir/ meet ) ! "n ( ,m]curialis4 ,! plant is s d5om9at$1 he says1#be because x 0 discov]$ by ,m]cury4 ,its juice1 m+l$ ) t ( ! hibiscus 7a species ( ! ,malvace7 & ! pursla91 =ms a k9d ( ungu5t1 ) :i*1 if y ?or\ghly rub ! h&s1 !y c t\* molt5 lead )\t be+ injur$4 ,! description :i* ,dioscorides#bf gives ( ! ,l9ozosis1 :i* he also calls ,p>!nion1 or ,m]cury's ,plant 7 71 applies1 9 ! ma91 to our ,dog ,m]cury4 ,x is true t its leaves are n l ^? ( ! basilic 7 72 b !y resemble 9 all respects ^? ( ! smoo? v>iety ( cultivat$ m9t2 &1 app>5tly1 ! basilic ( ,dioscorides 0 "o ( our m9ts4 ,! fruit ( ! female1 he adds1--evid5tly mean+ ! male fl[]s1--are dispos$ 9 clu/]s4 ,bo? species ( ! ,h]b or ,dog ,m]cury belong to ! family ,euphorbiace4 ,our att5tion mu/ n[ be direct$ to ano!r po9t4 ,x is a fact1 t 9 w9t]s ( mod]ate sev]ity ! ,m]cury cont9ues to infe/ our g>d5s & cultivat$ fields4 ,x only succumbs to a fro/ equal to six to t5 degrees bel[ freez+-po9t2 !n its congeal$ /em tott]s1 & gr[s black1 & its leaves m+le s completely ) ! soil t x is difficult to discov] any ve/iges4 ,h[ s+ul> a contra/6 ,! plants mo/ de/ructive 9 our kit*5 g>d5s are frequ5tly ! mo/ useful 9 m$ic9e4 ,!re are no drugs m popul> ?an ! we$s :i* we call ,h]b ,m]cury1 ,g>d5 ,night%ade1 & ,dog's-too? grass4 ,all belong to families ^: prop]ties are /rongly m>k$4 ,z already /at$1 ! ,m]cury ranks among ! ,euphorbiace1 rem>kable = _! acrid & m or less purgative juice4 ,9 ?is family occur ! mo/ viol5t dra/ics1 su* z ! ,croton tiglium1 ^: oil 7express$ f ! se$s7 has long be5 consid]$ an efficaci\s m$ic9e4 ,! ,g>d5 ,night%ade is "o ( ! ,solanace1 & c\s9-g]man ( ! useful potato2 & ! ,dog's-too? grass1 ^: roots compose ?ree-f\r?s ( our possets1 is ( ! same family z our c]eals4 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,night%ade4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,if y h se5--& :o has n8--! fl[]s ( ! potato-plant1 y w imm$iately recognise ! fl[]s ( ! ,g>d5 or ,black ,night%ade4 7,fig4 #ai47 ,?is noxi\s h]b--noxi\s 9 "s1 b useful 9 o!r respects1 &1 !re=e1 n to be visit$ ) too ha/y a condemnation--fl[]s & fructifies ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,its f]tility is extreme2 only ! sev]e/ w9t]-fro/s c cru% out its prolific life4 ,! fruits :i* succe$ to ! fl[]s are small] b]ries or apples ?an ^? ( ! potato4 7,see ,fig4 #bj47 ,9 ! hi/ory ( botany1 & ev5 9 t ( philosophy1 ! ,black ,night%ade 7,solanum nigrum7 has a c]ta9 int]e/4 ,?us1 says ,m4 ,hoef]1 bo? ,cordus & ,jean ,bauh91 botani/s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 h describ$ ! fl[] ( ?is plant z if its corolla 7 compos$ ( five di/9ct petals4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,:]e 7 ! eyes ( ^? great botani/s8 ,! corolla ( ! night%ade1 l t ( all ! ,solanace1 is pla9ly & obvi\sly monopetal\s1--t is1 compos$ ( a s+le piece2 to assure y\rself ( ?is1 y h b to op5 x out4 7,see ,fig4 #ba1 b47 ,x 0 ! %>p-po9t$1 ovate divisions ( ! limb :i* impos$ on ! old obs]v]s2 a fre% pro( t see+ & obs]v+ are two v di/9ct ?+s4 ,our vision ent]s into full ex]cise f e>lie/ infancy2 obs]vation is n acquir$ until aft] mu* lab\r & _m ye>s4 ,d n =get to add1 t ! five /am5s are br\ght v closely toge!r by _! elongat$ an!rs1 z is also se5 9 ! fl[] ( ! potato-plant4 7,fig4 #ba1 a47 ,! same botani/s :o took our solanum = a plant ) a polypetal\s corolla1 consid]$ ! ,bitt]-sweet 7,solanum dulcam>a7 to be a metamorphosis ( ! ,g>d5 ,night%ade6 ,! =m] !y *ri/5$ ! r$-b]ri$ solanum 7,solanum baccis rubris71 & ! latt]1 ! black-b]ri$ solanum 7,solanum baccis nigris74 99 99 99 99 99 ,b if we once laun* into ! hypo!tical1 we %all be unable to /op half-way4 ,if ! species ( "o & ! same g5us are ! result ( a trans=mation1 :y may we n ass]t z mu* ( ! g5]a ( a family1 or ! families ( an ord]8 ,?us we %\ld arrive1 /ep by /ep1 at an unique type1 n only = ! vegetable k+dom1 b = vegetables & animals1 includ+ man himself1 & realise1 to "s ext5t1 ! ideal ( ! ,greeks1--unity 9 v>iety4 ,be x ackn[l$g$1 h[ev]1 t we h no desire to rise to s l(ty an elevation4 ,! potato-plant--unkn[n to ! anci5ts1 inasmu* z x is a native ( ! ,new ,_w--has n be5 f\nd to lose its "* s9ce its introduction into ! anci5t cont95t2 its cong5]1 ! night%ade--an old native1 l e bad h]b--accompanies x ev]y:]e2 b its fibr\s roots are absolutely virg9 ( e f>9ace\s tub]cule4 ,?\gh ! night%ade is common ev]y:]e1 ,t\rne=t 0 ! fir/ to describe x ) complete accuracy4 ,t great obs]v] ev5 specifies v>i\s peculi>ities :i* mo/ ( our botani/s omit f _! descriptions4 ,?us1 he rightly rem>ks1 t ! p$uncles bran* out s z to =m a k9d ( umbel1 & d n em]ge1 z is usually ! case1 f ! axils ( ! leaves1 b a little bel[1 f ! v bran*es ( ! /em4 ,he 0 also ! fir/ to note--& x 0 a v]itable discov]y--t ! :ite fl[]s ( ! night%ade1 gr\p$ 9 ?rees to eights1 are ea* =m$ ( a s+le cup-%ap$ leaf1--9 o!r words1 t ! corolla is monophyll\s1 & slightly bell-l or campanulat$4 ,nor does he =get to describe ! disposition ( ! five /am5s1 set close ar\nd ! pi/il1 :i*1 z x develops1 =ms a globul> bacci=m fruit1 embrac$ by a five-lob$ calyx4 ,?is fruit1 :i* *anges 9 col\r f gre5 to black1 is fill$ ) a great numb] ( gra9s 9 a ?ick liquid1 exhal+ a nause\s od\r4 ,z = ! leaves1 !y resemble ^? ( sp9a*1 = :i*1 9 "s c\ntries1 !y s]ve z a sub/itute4 ,l all plants f\nd by ! wayside1 & among heaps ( refuse1 ! night%ade loves to v>y its =m1 & ( its v>i\s =ms "s nom5clators h made z _m diff]5t species4 ,! typical v>iety1 ! ,solanum nigrum1 has glabr\s /ems & leaves1 t is1 !y are cov]$ ) %ort1 b h>dly visible hairs2 its b]ries are black4 ,! smoo? v>iety1 or ,solanum villosum1 is r r>e1 & has swoll5 or bulg+ leaves & /ems2 its b]ries are r$ or ( a r$di% yell[4 ,! two v>ieties seem able1 by s[+1 to be trans=m$ into "o ano!r4 ,a sub-v>iety ( ! ,solanum villosum has be5 describ$ z a peculi> species1 "u ! "n ( ,solanum m9iatum1 s nam$ on acc\nt ( its v]milion-col\r$ b]ries4 ,! ,solanum o*roleucum & ,solanum luteovir5s1 ! fir/ ) yell[i%1 & ! second ) gre5i% b]ries1 are simply v>ieties1 & ! same may be said ( ! dw>f =m1 kn[n by ! "n ( ,solanum humile4 ,b ! physician is m int]e/$ 9 ! solanum ?an ei!r ! g>d5] or botani/4 ,= him x is no useless or noxi\s we$1 b1 on ! contr>y1 is an em95tly preci\s h]b4 ,&1 9 fact1 if x possess$ only "o-half ! virtues =m]ly attribut$ to x1 we ought to b[ to ! gr\nd e "t we enc\nt] x4 ,li/5 to our au?orities ev5 if y d n respect !m4 ,csalp9 ass]ts t ! decoction or juice ( ! night%ade is a sov]eign rem$y = compla9ts ( ! /oma* & ! bladd]1 & reg>ds night%ade-wat]1 mix$ ) an equal quantity ( abs9!-wat]1 z "o ( ! be/ sudorifics4 ,tragus1 a physician & botani/ l ,csalp91 recomm5ds ! juice ( ! night%ade z anti-*ol]aic1 z well z efficaci\s 9 inflammation ( ! liv] & /oma*4 ,& yet1 at ! same "t1 he gr[s emphatic 9 ref]5ce to its poison\s prop]ties4 ,d n1 he says1 employ ?is h]b immod]ately1 le/ x %\ld happ5 to y z1 9 #aeda1 ,i saw x happ5 to an inhabitant ( ,erba*1 ne> ,hoh5burg4 ,aft] hav+ eat5 a few night%ade-b]ries1 he 0 seiz$1 on ! foll[+ day1 by a furi\s monomania1 :i* l$ 8 neighb\rs to believe him possess$ ( a devil4 ,aft] hav+ uselessly employ$ e k9d ( exorcism1 !y s5t = me4 ,i made my pati5t swall[ "s v /rong w9e2 he fell into a pr(\nd slumb]2 &1 :5 he awoke1 0 cur$4#bg ,)]+ affirms t a c\ple ( gra9s ( ! dri$ leaves w act z a p[]ful sudorific1 & t !y h also be5 f\nd useful 9 "s cutane\s disord]s4 ,"h is ano!r au?ority1 be=e :om naturali/s are accu/om$ to give way4 ,we make use ( ! ,solanum nigrum1 says ,t\rne=t1#bh :5 x is necess>y to subdue inflammation1 or s(t5 & relax ! fibres4 ,! p\nd$ h]b is appli$ to hmorrhoids4 ,! juice1 ) a six?-"p ( rectifi$ _s-(-w9e1 is advantage\s 9 cases ( erysipelas1 r+worm1 wildfire1 & all diseases ( ! sk94 ,night%ade is also employ$ 9 anodyne cataplasms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,t\rne=t did n conf9e himself to simple botanical descriptions2 he did1 :at our mod]n botani/s neglect do+1--he made exp]im5ts1 bo? physiological & *emical1 on ! plants employ$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,?us1 he began by ta/+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! plant4 ,! root1 he says1 is almo/ insipid2 ! leaves ta/e l a salti% h]b2 !re is some?+ %>p & v9eg>y 9 ! fruit2 ! :ole plant has a n>cotic od\r4 ,! leaves d n r$d5 turnsole1#bi b ! ripe fruit r$d5s x greatly2 :5ce we may conjecture t ! sal-ammoniac conta9$ 9 ?is plant is mod]at$ 9 ! leaves by a v consid]able portion ( ftid oil & e>?1 b t ! acid portion ( ! salt is /rongly develop$ 9 ! ripe fruit2 s t we mu/ *oose our "p ( ! plant accord+ to ! purposes we wi% to employ x =4 ,! fruits1 = in/ance1 are m refre%+1 b m repellant1 ?an ! leaves1 :i* s(t5 :ile resolv+1 cleans+1 & absorb+4 ,we admit t ^! data leave mu* to be desir$ f a *emical po9t ( view4 ,we may well ask1 = example1 h[ ! illu/ri\s philosoph] asc]ta9$ ! pres5ce ( sal-ammoniac 9 night%ade8 ,b x is n fair to criticise ! sci5ce ( ! pa/1 by judg+ x ?r\gh ! deceitful prism ( ! sci5ce ( to-day4 ,we mu/ adopt ! me?ods ( our pr$ecessors1 :5 discuss+ natural productions f all ! view-po9ts ( _! applications4 ,,dog',s-,,too? ,,grass4 ,9 cle>+ an uncultivat$ field we uproot a great numb] ( h]bace\s plants ( diff]5t families2 b ^? ( ! ,gram9e1 or ,grasses1 inv>iably pr$om9ate4 ,!y are ! trail+ roots1 or rhizomes1 ( c]ta9 species :i* h be5 includ$ "u ! g5]al d5om9ation ( ,dog's-too?4 ,^! t5aci\s & vigor\s roots1--s :olesome 9 v>i\s maladies1 s injuri\s to cultivation1--are1 :atev] c]ta9 botani/s may say1 f> f trac+ _! orig9 9 all cases to ! ,triticum rep5s 7c\*-grass7 & ,panicum dactylon--^? t]rible enemies ( ! corn-field1 :i*1 once e/abli%$ 9 ! soil1 are ) difficulty extirpat$1 & prove v injuri\s to ! gold5 crops4 ,ne>ly e grass :i* puts =? rhizomes w furni% ! ,dogs-too?4 ,we may cite1 = in/ance1 sev]al species ( ,fe/uca 7z ,fe/uca rubra & ,fe/uca p9nata71 or fescue grass2 at lea/ two k9ds ( mead[ grass 7,poa compressa & ,poa prat5sis71 a species ( wild-oats 7,av5a elatior71 to say no?+ ( ! we$s ,arundo phragmites & ,arundo epigeios4 ,! long rhizomes ( ^! vivaci\s plants possess ne>ly ! same prop]ties1 due to _! sac*>9e pr9ciples4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--;,a ,corn-field4 ,h[ %all we di/+ui% ^! plants f "o ano!r8 ,_! leaves h almo/ exactly ! same configuration2 !y are l9e>2#cj & _! fl[]s are n app>5t1--!y d n attract ! gaze ( ! pass]-by4 ,yet !y possess all ! organs necess>y = ! reproduction ( _! species3--?ree /am5s1 ea* compos$ ( an an!r & a *>act]i/ic filam5t2 on ?is an!r1 ^: two lobes are arrang$ l ! bran*es ( an ,x1 ! pi/il s(tly & t5d]ly balances itself on ! summit ( a frail ?read1 to :i* x is atta*$ by ! back4 ,rem>k1 too1 ! two /yles ) fea!ry /igmata1#ca l ! b>bs ( fea!rs4 ,no?+ is want+ to con/itute a complete fl[]4 ,!re is ev5 a p]ian?1 or calyx1 repres5t$ by a c\ple ( t9y membrane\s scales1 sci5tifically kn[n z glumellul2 !n at ! base ( ea* spikelet1 compos$ ( "o or two ( ^! bright gre5 lilliputian fl[]s1 are two o!r & l>g] scales1 call$ glumell3 !y repres5t an involucre4#cb ,x is almo/ unnecess>y to add1 t ! free1 unilocul> ov>y1 or se$ vessel1 =ms1 z a result ( its developm5t1 ! se$1 ^: embryo adh]es lat]ally to a f>9ace\s k]nel1 or p]isp]m4 ,! union ( "o or m ( ^! fl[]s composes a spikelet1 & ! union ( ! spikelets con/itutes ! spike1 :i* may be dispos$ on a simple or ramifi$ axis4 ,su* are1 9 g5]al1 ! *>act]s we mu/ keep be=e u 9 ! difficult /udy ( ! ,gram9e4 ,let u n[ see1 m closely1 ! two plants :i*1 accord+ to ! botani/s1 furni% ! root ( ! ,dog's-too?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,a ,riv]'s ,s&y ,bank4 ,:5 walk+ along ! s&y bank ( a riv]1 y mu/ frequ5tly h trodd5 "u foot a l[1 almo/ crawl+ h]b1 rem>kable = its violet-r$ spikes1 :i*1 ?ree to five 9 numb]1 are arrang$ l ! f+]s ( a h&1 on ! summit ( a %ort curv+ /em4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--7,p4 #ic47 ,?is glauc\s-leav$ h]b is ! ,panicum dactylon 7i4e41 f+]$-millet7 ( ,l9nu4 ,! long trail+ rhizomes1 jo9$ to "s less prom95t *>act]s1 h be5 suffici5t = "s botani/s to create a special g5us1 ,cynodon1 or ,kynodon 7a ,greek ^w1 signify+ lit]ally ,dog's-too?71 & to *ange ! ,l9nean d5om9ation ( our grass into ,cynodon dactylon4 ,x is seldom met ) 9 cultivat$ l&2 b 9 su* a locality z we h already describ$1 & sometimes on op5 s&y %ores1 :]e ! summ] sea comes ) a g5tle ripple & a subdu$ music1 x may frequ5tly be f\nd4 ,its long1 t\gh runn]s creep ?r\gh & ov] ! loose soil = _m y>ds1 root+ at e jo9t1 & furni%$ ) flat1 r %ort leaves1 ( a glauc\s hue4 ,! fl[]s gr[ 9 n>r[1 l9e> spikes1 arrang$ at ! top ( a %ort leafy /em 9 ! =m ( an umbel1 & give ! grass1 :5 9 bloom1 a v peculi> & *>act]i/ic aspect4 ,b if ! ,cynodon dactylon is r>e 9 cultivat$ fields1 ! ,triticum rep5s--commonly call$ c\*-grass1 b1 9 our op9ion1 ! true & g5u9e dog's-too?--is p>ticul>ly abundant4 7,see ,fig4 #bc47 ,its long subt]ranean /ems increase ) a/oni%+ rapidity1 & if ! smalle/ fragm5t be left 9 ! soil1 x w vegetate1 & spe$ily ext5d itself1 until x becomes almo/ impossible to extirpate x4 ,x is a k9d ( wild b>ley1 ) /iff leaves ( a mod]ate l5g?1 & ( a blui% t9t1 & a d\ble spike1 compos$ ( clu/]s ( f\r to six fl[]s1 ea* cr[n$ by a n>r[ ridge4 ,we mu/ n conf\nd ! ,triticum rep5s ) ! ,elymus can9us ( ,l9nu1 :i* has no trail+ und]gr\nd roots l ! =m]4 ,x diff]s also f ! latt] 9 ! r\ghness ( ea* side ( its leaves1--only "o side ( ! leaf ( ! ,triticum rep5s be+ r\gh1--& 9 ! cre/s :i* rise above ! fl[]s4 ,0 ! dog's-too? kn[n to ! anci5ts8 ,und\bt$ly1 = ! dog's-too? fl\ri%es 9 all climates1--is truly cosmopolitan4 ,b x is difficult to decide :e!r _! ,agro/is & _! ,gram5 apply to ! above-m5tion$ species4 99 99 99 99 99 ,accord+ to ,diodorus1 ! primitive ,egyptians liv$ ^u h]bs4 ,!y also eat1 he says1#cc ! /ems & roots :i* gr[ 9 ! m>%es4 ,especially did !y hunt aft] ! ,agro/is1 a plant rem>kable = its sweet sav\r & ! suffici5t n\ri%m5t :i* x (f]s to ! wants ( man4 ,x is likewise consid]$ an excell5t provision = cattle1 f its fatt5+ prop]ties4 ,x is 9 remembrance ( ^! b5efits t ! inhabitants ( ,egypt1 :5 wor%ipp+ _! gods1 c>ry ?is plant 9 _! h&4 ,! ,agro/is ( ,diodorus w\ld apply to all ! ,gram9ace ^: /ems & roots conta9 nutritive & sac*>9e pr9ciples4 ,let u "h rem9d ! read] t ! sug>-cane belongs to ! same family z b>ley & ! dog's-too?4 ,pl9y is mu* m explicit4 ,:at he says ( ! ,gram5 7or grass71 ! commone/ ( h]bs--int] h]bas vulgatissimum--& ( ! g5iculat$ spaces betwe5 its knots 7g5iculatis s]pit int]nodiis71 applies ) tol]able accuracy to our ,triticum rep5s4 ,he also speaks ( ! diuretic prop]ties ( a decoction f its trail+ roots4#cd ,z = 8 ,gram5 aculeatum 7or ne$le-l grass71 x is positively our ,cynodon dactylon4 ,! five spurs or ne$les :i* %oot out1 he says1 f ! top ( ! /em1 h procur$ x ! "n ( ,dactylon4 ,to ^! digiti=m spikes he attributes ! prop]ty ( *eck+ ! ble$+ ( ! nose1 :5 !y are introduc$ into ! no/rils4 ,b a ?orn is mu* bett] fitt$ to produce ?is effect2 ! spikes ( ! digitat$ panicle ( ! ,cynodon dactylon are mu* too s(t to det]m9e epi/axis by a me*anical action4 ,s x is n improbable t !y owe _! putative virtue to _! col\r+1 :i* is n unlike t ( blood1 & :i* has ev5 procur$ = ! species ! "n ( ,digit>ia sangu9alis4 ,9 ! same mann] ! caprici\s m$ival imag9ation pron\nc$ liv]wort1 ) its m>bl$ leaves1 a sov]eign rem$y = diseases ( ! lungs1--organs rem>kable = _! m>bl$ appe>ance4 ,dioscorides is q z explicit z ,pl9y4 ,:at ! latt] names ,gram51 he1 h[ev]1 calls ,agro/is4 ,aft] hav+ p>ticul>is$ ! nodosities ( ! /em--a feature common to ne>ly all ! ,gram9ace--he describes v cle>ly ! long creep+ roots put =? by ! said /em2 & he does n =get to m5tion ! sug>y sav\r1 s *>act]i/ic ( ! rhizomes 7 7 ( ! ,triticum rep5s4#ce ,!ophra/us conf9es himself to indicat+ ! ,agro/is z a h]b :i* infe/s ! fields4#cf 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,cynodon dactylon is1 at ! pres5t day1 v common 9 ,greece1 :]e x is specially p>tial to l[ gr\nds1 :i* are some:at damp & s&y4 ,! inhabitants call x ,agriada1 a "n d]iv$ f 1 wild4 ,b if we may believe ,fraas1 ! au?or ( a ,flora ,classica1 ! g5u9e dog's-too?1 ,triticum rep5s1 is1 on ! contr>y1 v r>e 9 ! l& ( ,socrates4 ,?is is a curi\s fact1 if a fact1 = geographical botany4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages1 & d[n to ! eighte5? c5tury1 7 conf\nd$1 "u ! g5]ic "n ( ,gram9a1 or grasses1 ! mo/ div]sely-featur$ h]bs1 includ+ ! dog's-too?4 ,tab]nmontanus1 ,dodonn1 ,ma?iole1 ,jean & ,gasp>d ,bauh91 7 ! fir/ to attempt ! cle>+ ( a pa? ?r\gh ?is intricate wild]ness4 ,!y eulogis$1 at ! same "t1 ! emolli5t prop]ties ( ! dog's-too?4 ,t\rne=t#cg & ,b]n>d de ,jussieu1 :o appe> to h made a *emical analysis ( x1 pret5d t ! roots ( ! dog's-too? conta9 a l>ge quantity ( oil1 e>?1 & sev]al acid liquids1 z well z a little fix$ salt4 ,accord+ to all appe>ance1 !y add1 ! roots act by means ( a salt analog\s to salt ( coral1 envelop$ 9 a great deal ( sulphur4 ,in/ead ( mock+ u ) su* fanta/ic analyses1 :i* c only excite ! laught] ( our mod]n *emi/s1 ,t\rne=t & ,b]n>d de ,jussieu w\ld h des]v$ bett] ( sci5ce if !y _h appli$ !mselves to ! task ( introduc+ light & ord] into ! cl\dy *aos ( ! ,gram9ace ( ! botani/s ( _! age4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b w9t] is pass+ away1 & ! "t = ! s++ ( birds is at h&4 ,already ! e>? is awak5+ f h] prolong$ le?>gy2 ! h$g][s are gre5 ) budd+ leaves2 ! purple crocuses %9e 9 _m a %elt]$ field2 on bank & brae1 9 gl5 & vale1 ! glory ( ! primrose makes glad ! he>t ( man2 ! wood anemone hangs its delicate head 9 ! woodl&s2 & x seems z if a gladd] feel+ animat$ ! univ]sal nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--,on bank & brae1 9 gl5 & vale4 ,& ! he>t & ! bra9 & ! s\l sympa?ise 9 ?is app>5t delight ( mat]ial ?+s2 ! he>t beat+ m freely1 ! bra9 feel+ a /rong] work+ p[]1 & ! s\l ris+ to pur] views ( life & its duties3-- ,oh1 :o c speak ! joys ( spr+'s "y morn1 ,:5 wood & pa/ure op5 on 8 view1 ,:5 t5d] gre5 buds blu% ^u ! ?orn1 ,& ! fir/ primrose dips its leaves 9 dew6 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ab3 ,*apl9 ,*ild1 ,b]$ici1 p4 #aga4 ,footnote #ac3 ,pl9y1 ,hi/oria ,naturalis1 ,book xi4 ,footnote #ad3 ,de ,saussure1 ,voyage dans les ,alpes1 ,book iii41 p4 #de 7ed4 #ahjc1 ,neuf*tel74 ,footnote #ae3 ,annales de ,*imie et de ,physique1 vol4 xxvii41 p4 #acd4 ,footnote #af3 ,philosophical ,transactions1 #ahbj1 vol4 ii41 p4 #afe4 ,footnote #ag3 ,x is b fair to add1 h[ev]1 t ,vogt & o!rs cont5d = ! animal orig9 ( ?is sub/ance1 & reg>d ! ,protococcus nivalis z simply a developm5t ( ! infusoria1 ,disc]a nivalis4 ,footnote #ah3 ,macmillan1 ,footnotes f ! ,page ( ,nature1 pp4 #ada-adc4 ,footnote #ai3 ,! two temp]ate zones toge!r repres5t p]ceptibly ! half1 or #j4ebj1 & ! torrid zone1 two-fif?s1 or1 m exactly1 #j4cih1 ( ! t]re/rial surface4 ,footnote #bj3 ,t is1 mutt]+1 m>mot-wise1 "o's pray]s4 ,footnote #ba3 ,byron4 ,footnote #bb3 ,also call$ ! ,gold5-cre/$ ,wr54 ,footnote #bc3 ,c4 ,vogt1 ,agassiz1 und se9] ,freunde geologis*e ,alp5reis51 p4 #aha4 ,frank=t1 #ahdg4 ,footnote #bd3 ,a fl[] ) a /alk is call$ p$unculate or p$icellate2 )\t a /alk1 x is sessile4 ,footnote #be3 ,pl9y1 ,hi/oria ,naturalis1 xxv4 #ah4 ,footnote #bf3 ,dioscorides1 ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 iv4 #aia4 ,footnote #bg3 ,tragus1 ,hi/oria ,/irpium 7ed4 #aeeb74 ,footnote #bh3 ,t\rne=t1 ,hi/oire des ,plantes 7ed4 #agbg71 i4 #gd1 #ge4 ,footnote #bi3 ,turnsole1 a col\r+ sub/ance made ( co>se l95 rags1 :i*1 aft] be+ clean$ & blea*$1 are dipp$ into a mixture ( ammoniacal matt]1 & ! juice ( ! ,crozophora t9ctoria4 ,footnote #cj3 ,leaves are said to be l9e>1 :5 ! ve9s d n spread out1 b run f ! base to ! extreme po9t4 ,footnote #ca3 ,a /igma is ! cont9uation ( ! cellul> tissue ( ! /yle1 & has sometimes project+ cellules ( hairs4 ,footnote #cb3 ,a :orl1 or r+1 ( bracts 7floral leaves7 is s call$4 ,footnote #cc3 ,diodorus1 i4 #dc4 ,footnote #cd3 ,pl9y1 ,hi/oria ,naturalis1 xxiv4 #ahh4 ,footnote #ce3 ,dioscorides1 iv4 #cj4 ,footnote #cf3 ,!ophra/us1 ,hi/oria ,plant>um1 i4 #aj2 xi4 #b1 #d4 ,footnote #cg3 ,t\rne=t1 ,hi/oire des ,plantes1 ii4 #ed4 ,,book ,,ii4 ,,spr+-,,"t4 ,n[ t ! ,w9t]'s gone1 ! e>? ha? lo/ ,h] sn[-:ite robes1 & n[ no m ! fro/ ,c&ies ! grass1 or calls an icy cream ,^u ! silv] lake or cry/al /ream2 ,b ! w>m sun ?aws ! b5umbd e>?1 ,& makes x t5d]2 gives a sacr$ bir? ,to ! glad swall[2 wakes 9 holl[ tree ,! dr[sy cuckoo1 & ! humble bee2 ,n[ d a *oir ( *irp+ m9/rels br+ ,9 triumph to ! _w ! y\?ful ,spr+2 ,& valleys1 hills1 & woods1 9 ri* array1 ,welcome ! com+ ( ! long$-= ,may4 --,,?omas ,,c>ew4 ',tis sil5ce all1 ,& pleas+ expectation4 ,ev5 m\nta9s1 vales1 ,& =e/s1 seem impati5t to dem& ,! promis$ sweetness4 ,man sup]ior walks ,amid ! glad creation1 mus+ praise1 ,& look+ lively gratitude4 --,,?omson4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,9 ,,! ,,heav5s4 ,blue ! sky1 ,spreads l an ocean hung on high4 --,,byron4 ,illu/ration ,x may be d\bt$ :e!r _m ( ! patrons ( ,mudie's are acqua9t$ ) ! works ( a philosoph]1 :o1 9 8 day1 enjoy$ no little fame--,i mean1 ,rob]t ,boyle 7#afbg-afia71--;& yet !re are passages 9 !m well wor? att5tive p]usal1 f ! lucidity ( _! /yle & ! s\ndness ( _! reflections4 ,he has1 = in/ance1 "s obs]vations 9 8 ,consid]ations on ! ,usefulness ( ,exp]im5tal ,philosophy1 :i* are g]mane to ! g5]al purport & tone ( our little book4 ,he rem>ks1 t ! contemplation ( ! va/ness1 beauty1 & regul> motions ( ! heav5ly bodies1 ! excell5t /ructure ( animals & plants1 besides a multitude ( o!r ph5om5a ( nature1 & ! subs]vi5cy ( mo/ ( ^! to man1 ought1 c]ta9ly1 to induce him1 z a rational creature1 to conclude t ?is va/1 beautiful1 ord]ly1 &1 9 a ^w1 _m ways admirable1 sy/em ( ?+s1 t we call ! _w1 0 fram$ by an ,au?or supremely p[]ful1 wise1 & good4 ,! works ( ,god1 he adds1 are s wor?y ( _! ,au?or1 t1 besides ! impresses ( ,8 wisdom & goodness t are left1 z x 71 ^u _! surfaces1 !re are a great _m m curi\s & excell5t tok5s & effects ( ,div9e artifice 9 ! hidd5 & inn]mo/ recesses ( !m2 & ^! are n to be discov]$ by ! p]functory looks ( oscitant & unskilful behold]s2 b require1 z well z des]ve1 ! mo/ att5tive & pry+ inspection ( inquisitive & well-in/ruct$ consid]]s4 ,x is n by a slight survey1 b by a dilig5t & skilful scrut9y ( ! works ( ,god1 t a man mu/ be1 by a rational & affective conviction1 engag$ to ackn[l$ge1 ) ! prophet1 t ! ,au?or ( nature is wond]ful 9 c\nsel1 & excell5t 9 work+4 ,t ,he is wond]ful 9 c\nsel & excell5t 9 work+ mu/ be ! conclusion ( e dev\t /ud5t ( ! cele/ial ph5om5a2 & to ^? we %all1 !re=e1 devote ! fir/ portion ( our ,spr+ m$itations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at reception w\ld =m]ly h be5 giv5 to any poet :o _h d>$ to exclaim-- ,! bright face ( ! heav5s contemplate1 ,& !n1 z 9 a mirror1 y %all see1 ,outl9$1 ! figure ( ! r\nd$ e>?8 ,w\ld he n h be5 met ) ! reproa* :i* ,horace1 9 8 ,ars ,poetica1 s epigrammatically =mulates8-- ,pictoribus atque poetis ,quidlibet aud5di semp] fuit qua pote/as4 ,an equal lic5ce ev] 0 accord$ ,to poet z to pa9t]1 t he might ,! bolde/ sweeps ( fancy /ill essay6 ,z = m5 ( sci5ce1 !y w\ld n h condesc5d$ to hon\r ev5 ) a smile su* /range & fanta/ic words4 ,let u suppose1 n[1 t our poetical a/ronom]1 ?us contemn$1 _h address$ 8 sci5tific c5sors 9 "s su* language z ! foll[+3-- ,d n ?9k1 illu/ri\s sirs1 t x is by a purely poetical lic5ce ,i call ! firmam5t a mirror 9 :i* ! e>? may be se5 reflect$4 ,only1 to prev5t all equivoque1 we mu/ und]/& "o ano!r4 ,! mirror to :i* ,i am allud+ does n reflect light1 b movem5t4 ,x is 9 a p>ticul> movem5t ( ! />s t ! true figure ( our planet is reflect$1 is reveal$ to u4 ,b be=e ! human m9d c appreciate ?is movem5t1--especially be=e x c discov] ! cause1--we mu/ be prep>$ to devote ourselves to c5turies ( assidu\s ef=t4 ,9 ?is long int]val1 philosoph]s ( e class w all[ unre/rict$ scope to _! imag9ation4 ,%all we1 !n1 recall "s ( ^! op9ions1--"s ( ^! truly poetical lic5ces8 ,hom] & ,hesiod repres5t$ ! e>? z a disc1 or z a flat rondel1 surr\nd$ on all sides by a w9d+ riv] :i* !y call$ ! ,ocean1 & :i*1 9 ! extreme ,ea/1 communicat$ ) ! ,phasis1 9 ,col*is4 ,above ?is t]re/rial disc ! outspread sky 0 ar*$ l a va/ dome2 a dome support$ by two massive pill>s1 re/+ on ! %\ld]s ( ! god ,atlas4 ,surely ! anci5t poets mu/ h evolv$ ! e>?-disc f _! own prolific imag9ation4 ,c !y nev] h se5 a f>-(f vessel1 %[+1 z x approa*$ !m1 at fir/ ! tops ( its ma/s1 !n its swell+ sails1 & f9ally its hull8 ,!y might h made s simple an obs]vation 9 any seaport2 if !y did1 :y did x n sugge/ to !m ! idea t ! e>?1 in/ead ( be+ level1 mu/ be r\nd8 ,because x is easi] to let ! imag9ation speak ?an ! reason4 ,! fiction ( ! e>?-disc rema9$ long un%ak51 ) ! exception ( a few modifications4 ,?ales figur$ to himself ! e>? z float+ on a humid elem5t4 ,&1 six c5turies lat]1 we f9d ,s5eca /ill adopt+ ! op9ion ( ! ,greek philosoph]4 ,?is humid elem5t 7humor71 he says1 :i* su/a9s ! disc ( ! e>? l a %ip1 may be1 p]haps1 ! ocean1 or a liquid ( simpl] nature ?an wat]4#ch ,b h[1 !n1 0 ! ris+ or sett+ ( ! />s expla9$8 ,! anci5ts suppos$ t !y 7 ext+ui%$ at sunset1 & rek9dl$ at sunrise4 ,?us1 an unf\nd$ hypo!sis has = its consequ5ce a /ill m baseless hypo!sis2 & 9 ?is mann] we glide d[n ! slope ( fiction to fall ev5tually into an abyss ( contradictions4 ,su* is ! true puni%m5t ( error4 ,let u cont9ue4--,accord+ to ! ,*aldeans1 :o 7 ?\ght to be pr(\ndly v]s$ 9 a/ronomy1 ! e>? 0 holl[1 & %ap$ l an egg-%ell4 ,&1--adds ,diodorus1 f :om we h ?is detail1--!y adduce num]\s & plausible pro(s ( ?is ass]tion4 ,yet 0 ?is idea 9 direct opposition to ! evid5ce ( our s5ses :5 we travel ov] a wide pla91 or navigate ! great deep2 at lea/1 unless we admit t ! e>? has ! =m ( a rev]s$ egg-%ell1 ) its convex face upp]mo/1 & its concave "o b5ea?4 ,h]aclitus ( ,ephesus introduc$ ! ,*aldean doctr9e into ,greece4 ,anaxim&] repres5ts ! e>? z a cyl9d]1 ^: upp] face alone is inhabit$4 ,?is cyl9d]1 adds ! philosoph]1 is a ?ird ( its diamet] 9 height1 & floats freely 9 ! mid/ ( ! cele/ial vault1 because !re is no reason :y x %\ld move m to "o side ?an ! o!r4 ,leucippus1 ,democritus1 ,h]aclitus1 & ,anaxagoras1--names ( high repute 9 ! hi/ory ( philosophy1--adopt$ ,anaxim&]'s sy/em1 ?\gh x 0 nei!r m nor less ?an a wild phantasy4 ,anaxim5es & ,z5ophanes1 )\t pron\nc+ dogmatically on ! =m ( ! e>?1 repres5t$ x z re/+1--! "o ^u compress$ air1 ! o!r ^u roots :i* 7 prolong$ ad inf9itum4 ,b ^u :at 0 ! compress$ air support$8 ,& ( :at nature 7 ^! my/]i\s roots8 ,plato1 ) a ne>] approximation to ! probable1 gave to ! e>? ! =m ( a cube4 ,! cube1 b\nd$ by six squ>e equal surfaces1 appe>$ to him ! mo/ p]fect geometrical solid1 & consequ5tly ! mo/ suitable = ! e>?1 suppos$ to be ! c5tre ( ! univ]se4 ,eudoxes1 :o1 9 8 long travels 9 ,greece & ,egypt1 mu/ h se5 new con/ellations ris+ 9 ! s\?1 :ile o!rs disappe>$ 9 ! nor?1 nev] v5tur$ to adduce f 8 a/ronomical obs]vations ! sph]icity ( ! e>?4 ,ari/otle1 bold] ?an ,eudoxes1 0 l$ to ! conception ( ?is sph]icity by simple consid]ation ( me*anics4 ,! e>?1 he said1 mu/ be a sph]e1 because ea* p>ticle ( matt] is c>ri$1 by gravity1 t[>ds ! c5tre2 & z ?is fact is g5]al1 ! sup]ficial p>ticles mu/ be at an equal di/ance f ! c5tre4 ,?is !oretical view 0 adopt$ by ,ar*im$es1 :o appli$ x to ! wat]s cov]+ ! t]re/rial surface4 ,ari/otle w5t fur!r2 he saw ! rotundity ( ! e>? 9 ! %ad[ ?r[n by ! latt] on ! bright face ( ! moon dur+ its eclipses4 ,x is a notewor?y fact t ! argum5ts ( ,ari/otle1 f\nd$ on a me?od to :i* all ! progress ( sci5ce is due1 rema9$ unaccept$ = two ?\s& ye>s4 ,& :y8 ,we %all attempt to expla94 ,among ^? subjects ^: compreh5sion seems to h be5 specially difficult to ! m9d ( man1 we mu/ include ! fact t ! e>? floats )\t any solid support 9 ! inf9ity ( space1 & c>ries its d5iz5s on its surface1 bo? above & bel[4 ,our cre$s1 :i* h ev] pret5d$ to expla9 ev]y?+ 9 ! physical z well z 9 ! moral ord]1 h "h endeav\r$ to come to ! assi/ance ( ! weakness ( ! human m9d4 ,& z ea* cre$ ass]ts itself to be ! be/1 to ! exclusion ( e o!r1 m5 began to imag9e = ! e>? a navel1 & plac$ x :]e x 0 suppos$ pleas+ to ! div9ity4 ,! ,greek prie/s dismiss$ a c\ple ( eagles1 "o t[>ds ! we/1 ! o!r t[>ds ! ea/2 ! place :]e ^! fav\rite birds ( ,jove1 ( ! ,fa!r ( gods & m51 enc\nt]$ ea* o!r1 0 to be consid]$ ! navel ( ! e>?4 ,x *anc$ to be ,delphos1 ^: oracle 0 ! mo/ e/eem$ 9 ! anci5t _w2 ! sac]dotal ca/e accumulat$ !re imm5se weal?4 ,! ,greek prie/s prud5tly refra9$ f deal+ ) ! difficult problem ( ! e>?'s solid support4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,hebrew pontiffs1 h[ev]1 7 n s res]v$4 ,aft] hav+ made ,j]usalem ! navel ( ! _w1 !y all[$ = ! e>? itself sev5 solid columns z a f\ndation4 ,! "q ( ! ,antipodes1 9 :i* ! greate/ intellects ( antiquity believ$1--,py?agoras1 ,plato1 & ,ari/otle1--0 ?us pontifically judg$ & condemn$4 ,& ,*ri/ians :o pref]r$ to foll[ ! ,judaical obs]vance ( ext]nal c]emonies to a true compreh5sion ( ! _s ( ! ,gospels1 exagg]at$ ! application ( ?is s5t5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! dogmatic condemnation ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,antipodes long arre/$ man 9 8 se>* = t f\r? qu>t] ( ! _w ^: inhabitants %\ld h _! feet direct$ t[>ds ours4 ,x 0 "o ( ! pr9cipal ob/acles :i* ,columbus 0 call$ ^u to surm\nt 9 ! realisation ( 8 sublime idea4 ,:5 cit$ be=e ! ,c\ncil ( ,salamanca1--compos$ ( prelates & m5 ( sci5ce1--he _h to meet ! reviv$ objection ( ,lactantius1 a ,*ri/ian apologi/ ( ! ?ird c5tury3#ci--;,c !re be any?+ m absurd ?an a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,antipodes1 ( inhabitants ) _! feet opposite to our feet1 ( p :o walk ) _! feet 9 ! air1 & _! heads on ! gr\nd8--t !re is a "p ( ! _w :]e ev]y?+ is inv]t$1 :]e trees ?r[ out _! bran*es f top to bottom1 :ile x ra9s1 & hails1 & sn[s1 f bottom to top8 ,columbus admirably demon/rat$1 f an artificial globe1 t flies walk$ z easily on ! l[] z on ! upp] surface1 & h5ce po9t$ out t m51 comp>$ ) ! size ( ! e>?1 are mu* small] /ill ?an flies4 ,b 8 judges p]si/$ 9 _! conviction1 & did n fail to ca/ 9 8 face ! je/+ words ( ,plut>*3 ,philosoph]s1 r ?an r5\nce a fav\rite hypo!sis1 w\ld make human be+s crawl on ! l[] face ( ! e>? l worms or liz>ds4 ,b x 0 pr9cipally ! au?ority ( ,/ ,augu/9e :i* !y invok$ to condemn a belief 9 ! ,antipodes4 ,/ ,augu/9e _h decl>$ su* a belief incompatible ) ! dogmas ( ! fai?2 = to admit ! exi/5ce ( inhabitable l&s1 9 ! opposite hemisph]e1 w\ld be to admit ! exi/5ce ( peoples n desc5d$ f ,adam1 s9ce x w\ld h be5 impossible = him to trav]se ! ocean ly+ betwe5 ,asia & ! ,antipodes6 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s au?orities d5i$ ! ,antipodes on ! gr\nd tak5 by c]ta9 classic writ]s1 t ! regions ( ! opposite hemisph]e 7 un9habitable "u ! tropics1 on acc\nt ( ! extreme heat1 & ne> ! ,poles1 on acc\nt ( ! extreme cold4 ,o!rs cit$ ,epicurus1 affirm+ t ! e>? 0 inhabitable & ro($ ) a cele/ial vault only 9 our we/]n hemisph]e1 ! o!r half be+ an inaccessible *aos4 ,o!rs pret5d$ t no travell] c\ld rea* ! ea/ by way ( ! we/1 because ! e>?1 be+ pe>-%ap$1 he w\ld enc\nt] on 8 road an insurm\ntable tub]osity1--und\bt$ly ! tail or /alk ( ! pe>6 ,f9ally1 !re 7 "s :o dwelt ^u ! magnitude ( ! e>?1 ^: circuit w\ld occupy a voyage ( upw>ds ( ?ree ye>s4 ,x 0 to ?is objection1 z ! mo/ s]i\s1 t ,columbus pr9cipally address$ 8 reply4 ,& he repli$ by discov]+ ! ,new ,_w4 ,b _h n ?is d>+ g5ius be5 support$ 9 8 projects by ! ,spani% sov]eigns1 ,f]d9& & ,isabella1 he w\ld h be5 h&$ ov] to ! ,inquisition1 & condemn$ z a h]etic4 ,x 0 !n s dang]\s to believe 9 ! ,antipodes1 t a ,bi%op ( ,salzburg 0 depos$ f 8 episcopal ?rone1 & depriv$ ( 8 ecclesia/ical dignity1 by ! ,pope ,za*>ias1 = hav+ c\nt5anc$ ! h]esy4 ,we n[ "k :y1 = a :ole s]ies ( c5turies1 m5 w\ld n foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,ari/otle1 :o 0 ! fir/ to e/abli% !oretically ! sph]icity ( ! e>?4 ,! discov]y ( ! ,new ,_w1 & ! voyages ( circumnavigation :i* rapidly succe$$ "o ano!r1 demon/rat$1 n only t inhabitants !re are ^: feet are opposite to ours1 b t ! e>? does n re/ ^u any species ( support2 t x floats1 l a />1 freely 9 space4 ,! ice 0 brok54 ,! "q ( ! e>?'s figure 0 reviv$1 &1 ?is "t1 discuss$ 9 a new light4 ,is ! e>? p]fectly r\nd8 ,cop]nicus nev] d\bt$ x2 he :o 0 ! fir/1 aft] ,py?agoras1 to repres5t our planet z revolv+ r\nd ! sun4 ,! geometrical sph]icity ( ! e>? wond]fully h>monis$ ) ! p]fect circles 9 :i* he suppos$ ! planets to move4 ,kepl]1 :o _h fir/ laid a sacrilegi\s h& on ! holy figure ( ! circle1 & on ! circul> orbits ( ! />s1 nev] v5tur$1 h[ev]1 to dispute ! p]fect rotundity ( ! e>?2 x appe>$ to him a matt] beyond all controv]sy4 ,galileo 0 ! fir/ to haz>d a d\bt4 ,b ?is d\bt became a c]ta9ty only ?r\gh ! lab\rs ( ,huyg5s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,galileo1 :o di$ 9 ! v ye> t ,newton 0 born 7#afdb71 _h discov]$1 z we "k1 t all bodies1 9 fall+1 obey an uni=mly accel]ative =ce1 call$ gravitation1 & t ! space trav]s$ increases z ! squ>e ( ! "t occupi$ 9 _! desc5t4 ,huyg5s p]ceiv$ t gravity v>ies accord+ to ! p>allels ( latitude1 & x 0 n long be=e he demon/rat$1 by ! numb] ( oscillations :i* a p5dulum ( a c]ta9 l5g? p]=ms 9 a c]ta9 "t1 t x dim9i%es 9 a regul> ratio z we approa* ! ,equator1 :]e x rea*es its m9imum1 & t x augm5ts1 on ! contr>y1 9 due proportion z we approa* ! ,poles1 :]e x mu/ atta9 its maximum4 ,/rong 9 ?is k1 & kn[+1 moreov]1 t ! mat]ial molecules1 uni=mly di/ribut$ 9 ! volume ( a sph]e1 act ^u a po9t ( its surface z if !y 7 all reunit$ 9 ! c5tre ( t sph]e1 ,huyg5s d$uc$ f x ! inequality ( ! equatorial & ! pol> radius2 he attempt$ ev5 to det]m9e h[ mu* ! =m] exce$$ ! latt]4 ,we "k1 n[-a-days1 t ?is diff]5ce is #aci1fgj feet 7#da1hdh1chj-da1gjh1gaj feet74 ,newton admits1 ) ,huyg5s1 t ! e>? bulges out at ! ,equator & is flatt5$ at ! ,poles2 t1 9 a ^w1 x is a sph]oid ( revolution4 ,he w5t mu* f>!r3 he made ! precession ( ! ,equ9oxes dep5d ^u ?is flatt5+2 b he did n furni% its ma!matical demon/ration4 ,:at has be5 ! result8 ,a free skirmi%+ gr\nd = all op9ions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,sir ,isaac ,newton4 ,:ile ,newton ma9ta9$ t ! =m ( ! e>? 0 t ( a sph]oid flatt5$ at ! poles1 z a necess>y sequ5ce ( ! great natural law :i* be>s 8 "n1 ,jacques ,cass9i decl>$ himself 9 fav\r ( an elongat$ sph]oid4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two illu/ri\s tea*]s orig9at$ a controv]sy :i* la/$ = upw>ds ( fifty ye>s4 ,! ,academy ( ,sci5ces ( ,p>is pron\nc$1 n unnaturally1 9 fav\r ( ! op9ion ( _! colleague1 ?\gh x 0 f> f hav+ ! au?ority ( ,dom9ique ,cass9i1 fa!r ( ,jacques1 &1 /ill less1 t ( ! illu/ri\s ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,london4 ,b patriotic ard\r supplem5t$ ! weakness ( _! argum5ts4 ,! flatt5$ sph]oid & ,newton's law 7 reject$ by ,france1 because !y 7 an ,engli% inv5tion4 ,und\bt$ly1 no "o op5ly ackn[l$g$ s paltry a reason1 b x 0 c]ta9ly true z a s5tim5t4 ,z ev]ybody kn[s1 x 0 ,voltaire :o fir/ remov$ ! prohibition1 & popul>is$ ! ,newtonian philosophy 9 ,france4 ,h[ did our a/ronom]s f9ally succe$ 9 demon/rat+ ma!matically ! v]itable =m ( our planet8 ,to obta9 a cle> & accurate conception1 we are oblig$ to transport ourselves back two ?\s& ye>s4 ,let u recall1 9 ! fir/ place1 t1 ow+ to ! diurnal movem5t1 all ! />s progress f ea/ to we/2 t !y rise & set1 to recomm5ce ! same rotation4 ,?is is a g5]al & conspicu\s fact1 :i* ev]ybody c confirm = himself4 ,b n[ = ano!r1 ^: obs]vation requires a little m "t & pati5ce4 ,dur+ ! diurnal movem5t1 :i* c>ries on all ! />s & ! sun himself1 ! latt] progresses indep5d5tly1 9 ! inv]se direction ( ! cele/ial vault1 z a fly might d ^u a revolv+ globe4 ,b ?is second fact is complicat$ ) a ?ird3 ,:ile advanc+ on 8 own acc\nt1 f we/ to ea/1 ! circle :i* ! sun trav]ses is n p>allel to ! ,equator2 ! radiant lum9>y transports himself alt]natively into ! nor!rn & s\!rn hemisph]es1 accompli%+ ?is rotation 9 #cfe days & a fraction ( a day1 9 an oblique plane1 :i* cuts t ( ! ,equator "u an angle ( ab\t #bc-a_/b4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u "h take advantage ( a p>5!sis to expla9 a few a/ronomical te*nicalities1 necess>y = ! due compreh5sion ( our subject4 ,x is 9 ! plane1 or oblique circle1-- 1 z ,ptolemu call$ x1--t eclipses occur1 ow+ to ! relative positions ( ! sun1 e>?1 & moon2 & x is = ?is reason mod]n a/ronom]s h d5om9at$ x ! ,ecliptic4 ,! ,ecliptic is ! ,equator ( ! oblique sph]e 7 71 prop]ly s call$1 z ! ,equator is t ( ! sph]e ( ! _w1 or ! "r sph]e 7 74 ,! circles p>allel to ! ,ecliptic1 :i* cont9ue to dim9i% 9 diamet] up to ! poles ( ! oblique sph]e1 be> ! "n ( p>allels ( latitude2 & we give t ( m]idians ( longitude or oblique asc5sions 7 7 to ! great circles :i* cut ! fir/ rectangul>ly z !y all pass ?r\gh ! axis & ! poles ( ! ,ecliptic4 ,! same division by circles cutt+ ea* o!r rectangul>ly has be5 made on ! "r sph]e1 or sph]e ( ! _w4 ,only1 !re ! latitudes are nam$ decl9ations1 & ! longitudes "r asc5sions4 ,! g5]al diurnal movem5t is a movem5t 9 "r asc5sion2 x is measur$ ^u ! ,equator4 ,! individual annual movem5t ( ! sun is a movem5t 9 longitude2 x is measur$ ^u ! ,ecliptic4 ,! zone1 or belt1 :i* ! sun seems to trace 9 its annual m>*1 f ! limit ( its s\!rn excursion 7! w9t] sol/ice7 to ! limit ( its boreal excursion 7! summ] sol/ice71 & 9 return+ f t limit to ! o!r1 aft] hav+ twice pass$ ?r\gh ! equ9octial l9e 7or ,equator71--?is zone is m>k$ on ! firmam5t by a belt ( con/ellations kn[n z ! ,zodiac4 ,^! con/ellations are nam$1 accord+ to ! figurative gr\p+ ( ! />s 7on :i* we h comm5t$ 9 ,book ,i471--! ,ram1 ! ,bull1 ! ,tw9s1 ! ,crab1 ! ,lion1 ! ,virg91 ! ,balance1 ! ,scorpion1 ! ,ar*]1 ! ,c[1 ! ,wat]-be>]1 ! ,fi%es4 ,!re are twelve1 ?ree = ea* season4 ,! con/ellations repres5t$ by ^! figures1 s s+ul>ly *os51 spread ov] ! :ole cele/ial vault1--t is1 ov] an ext5t ( #cfj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to resume4 ,! heav5s1 l e>?1 h _! annals3 ev]y?+ *anges !re z 9 ! human _w4 ,9 ! age ( ,hipp>*us1--or "s two ?\s& ye>s ago1--! sun ent]$1 at ! spr+ equ9ox1 into ! zodiacal sign ( ,aries2 9 ! summ] sol/ice1 x ent]$ into t ( ,canc]2 at ! autumnal equ9ox1 into ,libra2 & at ! w9t] sol/ice1 into ,capricorn4 ,^! signs !n correspond$ exactly to ! con/ellations :i* !y repres5t4 ,n[1 :atev] ,ari/otle & 8 disciples may say1 ! firmam5t is n incorruptible 77 & immovable2 ev5 ! fix$ />s1 z we call !m1 *ange _! place 9 "t4 ,we h se5 t ! :ole cele/ial vault or "r sph]e runs1 f ea/ to we/1 ar\nd ! poles ( ! _w2 we h se5 also t ! sun moves1 on 8 own acc\nt1 f we/ to ea/1 ar\nd ! poles ( ! oblique sph]e1 or ! ,ecliptic4 ,well1 ?is does n suffice2 !re is a ?ird movem5t to be obs]v$1--t ( ! "r sph]e itself r\nd ! poles ( ! ,ecliptic2 & ?is1 n l t ( ! sun1 f we/ to ea/1 b inv]sely1 f ea/ to we/4 ,only1 ?is movem5t ( ! />ry sph]e 9 longitude1 or p>allel to ! plane ( ! ,ecliptic1 is extremely sl[1 comp>$ ) ! movem5t ( ! same sph]e 9 "r asc5sion1 or p>allel to ! ,equator ( ! _w4 ,:ile ! =m] trav]ses 9 tw5ty-f\r h\rs ! #cfj ( ! circle1 ! latt] occupies 79 r\nd numb]s7 #be1jjj ye>s4 ,:o 0 ! fir/ discov]] ( ! sl[ movem5t ( ! heav5s8 ,hipp>*us4 ,?is great a/ronom]1 on comp>+ 8 own obs]vations ) ! m anci5t ones ( ,ari/illus & ,timo*>is1 succe$$ 9 asc]ta9+ t ! con/ellation :i*1 #aej ye>s be=e him1 correspond$ to ! spr+ equ9ox1 did n1 9 8 "t1 any long] co9cide exactly ) ! same equ9octial po9t1 b _h out/ripp$ or prec$$ x ab\t #b4 ,?is is :at we mean by ! precession ( ! equ9oxes4 ,hipp>*us 0 at fir/ ( op9ion t ?is movem5t affect$ only ! con/ellations ( ! ,zodiac2 b he soon became assur$ ( its univ]sality4 ,he p]ceiv$ t if x does n alt] ! p>allels ( latitude2 because x has occurr$ p>allel ) ! ,ecliptic1 x makes ! position ( ! equ9ox retrograde f ea/ to we/1 & ! sun pass sl[ly ?r\gh ! same con/ellations 9 ! rev]se ( ! ord] 9 :i* he annually trav]ses !m4 ,we "k ?is movem5t n[ to ne>ly ! fraction ( a second4 ,by an inappreciable daily quantity1 x rises1 at ! end ( ! ye>1 to #ej4c1--;9 a c5tury1 to ab\t #a-a_/b1--;9 tw5ty c5turies1 to #cj1 or ! twelf? "p ( ! ,zodiac4 ,x is = ?is reason ! ,ram1 :i*1 9 ! days ( ,hipp>*us1 0 occupi$ by ! sun 9 spr+1 has no long] any value z a commemorative sign2 x gives place n[-a-days to ! con/ellation ( ! ,fi%es1 & corresponds to ! con/ellation ( ,taurus1 or ! ,bull2 ! con/ellation ( ,taurus to ,gem9i1 or ! ,tw9s2 ! con/ellation ( ! ,tw9s to ,canc]1 & s on4 ,b little m ?an a mon?1 !n 7a mon? ( #bjjj ye>s671 ( ! great ye> 7a ye> ( #be1jjj ye>s67 has elaps$ s9ce ! epo* ( ,hipp>*us4 ,x is to a/ronomy especially t1 ) a slight v>iation1 we may apply ! aphorism ( ,hippocrates--,brevis vita1 ars longa 7,life is %ort1 & art long74 99 99 99 99 99 ,! precession ( ! equ9oxes expla9s :y ! pole ( our />ry vault does n occupy inv>iably ! same po9t ( ! firmam5t1 & :y ! con/ellations :i* we n[ see %9+ dur+ ! nights ( a giv5 season *ange _! places z "t glides by4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b :at is ! cause ( ?is movem5t8 ,be=e ?is "q1 z be=e a sov]eign tribunal1 appe> ! two opposite doctr9es :i* h be5 enunciat$ on ! value ( ! e>? & ! sun 9 ! _w's sy/em4 ,accord+ to ! doctr9e at once ! olde/ & mo/ intol]ant1 ! e>? occupies immovably ! c5tre ( ! _w2 ! sun & ! planets are only its satellites2 !y1 l ! moon1 revolve ar\nd ! e>?2 f9ally1 all ! />ry sph]e1 ! :ole cele/ial vault1 rotates ^u its own axis 9 f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs4 ,we h be5 speak+ z if ?is 7 really & truly ! condition ( ?+s4 ,if we admit ?is doctr9e1 :i* be>s ! "n ( ! ,ptolemean sy/em1--?\gh1 9 tru?1 x is probably z old z humanity itself1--h[ %all we expla9 ! precession ( ! equ9oxes8 ,we _c d o!rwise ?an suppose1 t :ile ! cele/ial sph]e executes its diurnal movem5t r\nd ! poles ( ! _w1 x executes ano!r & mu* sl[] movem5t r\nd ! poles ( ! ,ecliptic4 ,b ?is assur$ly is a mo/ s+ul> supposition4 ,:at6 ! same />ry sph]e revolves at "o & ! same "t p>allel to ! plane ( ! ,equator1 & p>allel to ano!r plane 7! ,ecliptic7 incl9$ ^u ! fir/8 ,aft] hav+ imag9$ eight sph]es ( cry/al to expla9 ! movem5ts ( ! moon1 ! sun1 ! planets 7,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn71 & ! />s1 d we require a n9?8 ,:]e w y /op1 if y beg9 to discov] additional movem5ts8 ,y are condemn$ to w&] f hypo!sis to hypo!sis1 until y fall into an abyss ( contradictions6 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* is ! language employ$ by ! tribunal ( po/]ity1 9 address+ itself to ! error :i* w\ld sub/itute appe>ance = reality4 99 99 99 99 99 ,accord+ to ! o!r !ory1 x is ! sun :i* occupies ! c5tre ( ! sy/em1 & x is ! e>? :i*1 accompani$ by ! rema9d] ( ! planets1 revolves ar\nd x4 ,?is !ory is likewise ( consid]able antiquity1 ?\gh g5]ally kn[n z ! ,cop]nican sy/em4 ,b f\r-&-tw5ty c5turies prior to ! epo* ( ,ni*olas ,cop]nicus1 x 0 taught by ! ,samian sage1 ,py?agoras1 & 8 disciples4 ,! sy/em !n 9 acceptance1 h[ev]1 impos$ ^u !m ! necessity ( sil5ce4 ,ptolemu 0 acqua9t$ ) x1 b endeav\r$ to turn x into ridicule4 ,!re are p1 he says1 :o pret5d t heav5 is immovable1 & t x is e>? :i* revolves on its own axis2 evid5tly ^! individuals are unaw>e h[ supremely absurd is _! op9ion 7 74 ,& x 0 9 ! "n ( logic & ma!matics t ,ptolemu ?us treat$ ! ,py?agoreans6 ,9 ! sy/em ( ,cop]nicus1--! diurnal movem5t ( ! "r sph]e1--x is ! e>?'s rotation ^u its own axis :i*1 be+ prolong$ into ! heav5s1 m>ks !re1 by its extremities1 :at are call$ ! ,poles ( ! _w1 j z ! ,equator ( ! _w is simply ! prolongation ( ! t]re/rial ,equator4 ,z = ! ,equator ( ! oblique sph]e 7! ,ecliptic71 9 :i* ! sun app>5tly moves1 x is1 9 reality1 ! id5tical plane 9 :i* ! e>? moves dur+ its annual revolution r\nd ! sun4 ,n[1 9 ?is movem5t ( translation1 ! axis ( ! e>? does n rema9 con/antly p>allel to itself2 x deviates1--v slightly1 x is true1--& s z to be sc>cely p]ceptible to sev]al g5]ations ( m54 ,x is !n q natural t our successors %\ld see1 = a long "t to come1 ! nor!rn pole ( ! />ry sph]e ne> ! extremity ( ! tail ( ,ursa ,m9or4 ,b1 two ?\s& ye>s h5ce1 ?is sl[ deviation w h become v p]ceptible2 a/ronom]s w !n see ! pole ( ! _w 9 ano!r con/ellation1 &1 z ?is displacem5t is cont9u\s1 ! prolong$ axis ( ! e>? w h trac$ on ! firmam5t1 9 #be1jjj to #bf1jjj ye>s1 a circle p>allel to ! plane ( ! ,ecliptic1 & hav+ = its c5tre ! pole ( t plane4 ,?is circle is ! base ( a cone ^: summit re/s ^u ! e>?4 7,fig4 #bg1 a47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,b ?is imag9>y def9$ circle 7:i* appe>s elliptic on acc\nt ( ! p]spective7 is b ! mean ( a s]ies ( oscillations ar\nd ! pole ( ! _w1 :i* *anges its position1 z we h j %[n4 7,fig4 #bg1 b47 ,^! oscillations orig9ate 9 ! circum/ance t ! axis ( ! e>? incl9es alt]nately =w>d & backw>d1 9 su* wise1 t a />1 aft] hav+ approa*$ ! ,pole1 imm$iately aft]w>ds rec$es f x2 !y cause ! t]re/rial globe to resemble ! head ( a man :o1 by an alt]nation ( ge/ure1 says alt]nately yes & no4 ,only1 :ile man 7! puppet67 occupies b a second or two 9 affirm+ & d5y+ ! same ?+1 ! e>? employs ab\t eighte5 ye>s & a half 9 incl9+ once =w>d to say yes 79 ,lat91 adnu]e71 & once backw>d to say no 79 ,lat91 abnu]e74 ,?is is sci5tifically d5om9at$ ! nutation ( ! e>?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:o 0 ! =tunate mortal to discov] a ph5om5on s s+ul>8 ,bradley1 ! ,engli% a/ronom]2 ! same :o discov]$ ! ab]ration ( light4 ,x 0 9 ! c\rse ( 8 rese>*es to det]m9e ! annual p>allax or di/ance ( ! />s t1 at an int]val ( n9ete5 ye>s1 he made1 9 #agbh1 ! discov]y ( ! ab]ration ( light1 &1 9 #agdg1 t ( nutation4 ,! read] may n be displeas$ to "k "u :at circum/ances he accompli%$ ! latt] discov]y4 ,:ile obs]v+1 = sev]al successive ye>s1 ! circumpol> />s1 & notably ! /> 9 ,draco1--a con/ellation situat$ betwe5 ,ursa ,major & ,ursa ,m9or 7see ,fig4 #b1 p4 #i71--;,bradley notic$ t ?is /> *ang$ its position by a movem5t con/antly direct$ t[>ds ! nor?1 f #agbg to #agcf1 or = a p]iod ( n9e ye>s4 ,:5 x _h rea*$ ! latt] limit1 ! /> appe>$ /ation>y = a mom5t1 & !n retrac$ its c\rse 9 a s\!rly direction4 ,w\ld x also occupy a p]iod ( n9e ye>s to arrive at ! limit ( ?is contr>y excursion8 ,bradley affirm$ t x w\ld1 & communicat$ 8 pr$iction to a ,fr5* a/ronom]1 ,le ,monni]4 ,h[ 0 ,bradley l$ to appe> 9 ! new "* ( a se]8 ,by two special circum/ances--! univ]sality1 & ! duration ( ! ph5om5on4 ,if ! /> 9 ,draco _h be5 ! only "o to direct its c\rse t[>ds ! nor?1 ,bradley w\ld probably h be5 l$ to believe t ! ,pole ex]cis$ ^u x a peculi> attraction2 b he p]ceiv$ t _m o!r />s rose 9 l mann] t[>ds ! ,pole ) an uni=m & con/ant m>*2 x 01 !re=e1 m natural to suppose t ! ,pole advanc$ t[>ds !m4 ,& :at /r5g!n$ ! probability ( ?is hypo!sis 01 t ! />s situat$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! c\rse ( ! sol/ices exhibit$ a correspond+ displacem5t4 ,b !re 0 already recognis$ z 9 exi/5ce a peculi> movem5t :i* expla9$ ! precession ( ! equ9oxes4 ,0 x necess>y1 !re=e1 to suppose a second1 a k9d ( rotatory movem5t8 ,newton _h already ?\ght ( x1 by imag9+ a nutation1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,pole might alt]nately rise & s9k on ! plane ( ! ,ecliptic 9 ! space ( a ye>4 ,b ! displacem5t :i* occurs 9 t int]val is too slight to be p]ceptible to obs]vation4 ,!re might1 !re=e1 be a reasonable d\bt ( ! accuracy ( ,newton's idea4 ,bradley resum$ ! idea ( 8 illu/ri\s compatriot4 ,he recognis$ 9 ! nor?w>d movem5t ( ! />s ! effect ( a simil> rotation1 b "o :i* took mu* long] 9 its accompli%m5t4 ,by d\bl+ ! int]val ( n9e ye>s1 to ! t]m ( :i* he _h se5 ! movem5t become /ation>y1 he obta9$ a p]iod ne>ly approa*+ t :i* ! moon employs 9 return+ to ! same nodes4 ,?is co9cid5ce fla%$ ^u him l a ray ( light4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we mu/ "h rem9d ! read]1--:o1 we hope1 is n we>y ( our sci5tific or semi-sci5tific disquisition1--t ! lun> nodes1--i4e41 ! po9ts ( ! ,ecliptic ?r\gh :i* ! moon passes :5 x proce$s f s\? to nor? 7! asc5d+ node71 & f nor? to s\? 7! desc5d+ node71--are ! analogues ( ! sol> equ9oxes2 ! equatorial po9ts ?r\gh :i* ! sun passes on its c\rse f s\? to nor? 7! spr+ equ9ox71 & 9 return+ f nor? to s\? 7! autumn equ9ox71--po9ts ( int]section ^: retrogradation con/itutes1 z we h se51 ! precession ( ! equ9oxes4 ,well1 ! moon's nodes retrograde 9 a simil> mann] by a movem5t direct$ f ea/ to we/2 only x is a mu* sl[] movem5t4 ,:ile ! equ9oxes are displac$ b fifty seconds 7#ej7 9 a ye>1 ! lun> nodes1 dur+ ! same p]iod1 & 9 ! same direction1 move ov] a space ( #ai #bj' #bi2 s t1 9 less ?an n9ete5 ye>s1 !y h made ! complete circuit ( ! heav5s1 to return to exactly ! same po9t1 aft] trav]s+ #cfj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?us1 !n1 we h expla9$ ! data on :i* ,bradley re/$ 8 pr$iction4 ,x 0 confirm$ by ,le ,monni]1 :o obs]v$1 9 fact1 t ! /> 9 ,draco1 & ! neighb\r+ />s1 obs]v$ by ,bradley f #agbg to #agcf1 mov+ f s\? to nor?1 occupi$ ! same p]iod ( "t1 f #agcf to #agde1 9 accompli%+ an equal excursion 9 a contr>y direction1 f nor? to s\?4 ,^! obs]vations enabl$ him to fix approximatively ! quantity ( ! nutation4 ,to sum up2 x 0 recognis$ t ! angle made by ! axis ( ! t]re/rial poles ) ! axis ( ! poles ( ! ,ecliptic1 f> f rema9+ con/antly equal to itself 7! am\nt 0 #bc #bg' #cj 9 ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury71 v>ies by #j4dh ye>ly1 & t ?is angle itself exp]i5ces a v>iation ^: mean value is #dh 9 a c5tury4 ,x sometimes exce$s ?is mean value1 & sometimes falls bel[ x1 by an am\nt :i* rises to ne>ly #i4fe4 ,?us1 :ile describ+1 9 an int]val ( #be1jjj to #bf1jjj ye>s1 its curve ar\nd ! poles ( ! ,ecliptic1 ! e>?'s axis describes1 f ea/ to we/1 a small ellipsis 9 ! space ( ab\t eighte5 & two-?ird ye>s1 & imp]ceptibly *anges1 moreov]1 its angle ( incl9ation4 ,b1 9 f9e1 :at is ! true cause ( all ^! movem5ts8 ,7 ! e>? a p]fect sph]e1 7 all its radii ( equal l5g?1 ! effect ( ! univ]sal pond]ation w\ld make itself felt z if all ! mat]ial molecules 7 conc5trat$ at a s+le po9t--! c5tre2 &1 ap>t f ?is pond]ation1 :i* ex]cises itself 9 ! direct ratio ( ! masses1 & 9 ! inv]se ratio ( ! squ>e ( ! di/ances1 no?+ exi/s :i* w\ld sway our globe 9 "o direction r ?an 9 ano!r1--no precession ( ! equ9oxes w\ld take place1 ! plane ( ! ,ecliptic w\ld inv>iably co9cide ) ! plane ( ! ,equator1 & an et]nal spr+ w\ld smile on ! =tunate e>?4 ,! dream ( ! poet w\ld be realis$1 & light w\ld spread ,?r\gh all ! seasons ( ! gold5 ye>4 ,b1 z obs]vation %[s1 ! contr>y has tak5 place1 s9ce1 besides its movem5ts ( diurnal rotation & annual revolution1 ! e>? has its mobile axis1 :i* is indep5d5tly incl9$ & displac$4 ,?us1 ! mat]ial molecules ( ! planet>y surface are n all at an equal di/ance f ! c5tre2 &1 consequ5tly1 ! e>? is n a p]fect sph]e4 ,x is1 z ,d',alemb]t has demon/rat$1 ! bulg+1 equatorial portion :i* exp]i5ces1 ow+ to ! sol> attraction1 a retrograde movem5t1 c>ry+ onw>d ! re/ ( ! globe 9 a g5]al m>*1 call$ ! precession ( ! equ9oxes4 ,b ?is g5]al movem5t1 z we h se51 is1 9 itself1 simply ! mean ( a s]ies ( oscillations1 :i* ,d',alemb]t has also connect$ ) gravitation4 ,he has %[n t ! nutation ( ! e>?'s axis results f ! moon's attraction on ! bulg+ portion ( our globe4 ,f9ally1 x has be5 ma!matically demon/rat$ t ! said bulg+ portion ( ! e>? produces1 "u ! cont9u\s action ( ! sun1 ! precession ( ! equ9oxes2 j z ?is portion det]m9es1 by its cont9u\s action1 ! nutation ( ! lun> axis4 ,z 9 ?is univ]sal pond]ation all ! :eelwork ( ! _w cat*es 7t\s les r\ages du monde s'engrn5t71 & ! planets1 su* z ,m>s & ,v5us1 mu/ also h _! %>e 9 ! action1 h[ev] weak x may be1 we h contriv$ to r5d] an exact acc\nt ( ! sl[ *anges ( ! obliquity ( ! ,ecliptic4 ,let u resume4 ,movem5t & matt]1 all is pond]at$4 ,inasmu* z matt] is unequally di/ribut$ ar\nd ! e>?'s c5tre1 be+ flatt5$ at ! ,poles & bulg+ at ! ,equator1 x foll[s t ! sun's enorm\s weight makes x vacillate1 s t x describes at its axis a cone ar\nd ! poles ( ! plane ( its orbit4 ,its movem5t we see 9 ! heav5s 9 ! precession ( ! equ9oxes4 ,b ! t]re/rial axis traces x trembl+ly1 because ! moon1 ow+ to its vic9ity1 ex]cises a p]turb+ action on our planet1 :i*1 9 its turn1 ex]cises on ! moon a /ill m en]getic influ5ce4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ch3 ,s5eca1 ,qu/iones ,naturales1 vi4 #f4 ,footnote #ci3 ,lactantius1 ,de ,falsa ,sapi5tia1 iii4 #bd4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,^u ,,! ,,e>?4 ,!re lives & works ,a s\l 9 all ?+s1 & t s\l is ,god4 --,,c[p]4 ,illu/ration ,we h return$1 at lea/ 9 an a/ronomical s5se1 to ! budd+1 happy1 radiant spr+2 ! sun1 9 its app>5t c\rse1 crosses ! equ9octial l9e2 ! duration ( ! day1 transi5tly equal to t ( ! night1 w augm5t 9 proportion z ! great lum9>y describes above our horizon great] & yet great] arcs ( a circle4 ,yet ?is is n ! budd+1 happy1 radiant spr+ ( ! poets4 ,no1 if x be spr+ accord+ to ! law ( univ]sal gravitation1 x is w9t] /ill by ! law ( life4 ,! =e/ trees1 su* z ! oak1 ! a%1 ! fir1 & ! bee*1 cont9ue to pres5t ! image ( dea?2 & ! sap :i* %\ld reanimate !m has n awak5$ f its w9t] sleep4 ,a solemn mom5t is x :5 ! sap--t life-blood ( ! plant--arre/$ by ! icy grasp ( w9t] 9 its circulatory movem5t--receives a new impulse ?r\gh ! vivify+ action ( ! c5tral lum9>y ( our sy/em4 ,:at a subject = /udy & reflection6 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--,l&scape 9 ,w9t]4 ,x has be5 v f9ely dealt ) by ,longfell[4 ,h[ wond]ful6 he exclaims1--& we only reg>d ! wond] ) indiff]5ce1 because x is repeat$ annually1--h[ wond]ful is ! adv5t ( spr+6--! great annual miracle1 z he calls x1 ( ! blossom+ ( ,a>on's rod1 repeat$ on myriads & myriads ( bran*es6--! g5tle progression & gr[? ( h]bs1 fl[]s1 trees1--g5tle1 & yet irrepressible1--:i* no =ce c /ay1 no viol5ce re/ra91--l ! influ5ce ( love1 :i* w9s its way1 & _c be )/ood by any human p[]1 because itself is div9e p[]4 ,true en\gh x is1 t if spr+ came b once 9 a c5tury1 or bur/ =? ) ! t]ror ( an e>?quake1 & n 9 sil5ce1 :at wond] & expectation !re w\ld be 9 all he>ts to behold ! miracul\s *ange6 ,b n[ ! sil5t succession sugge/s no?+ b necessity4 ,to mo/ m51 only ! cessation ( ! miracle w\ld be miracul\s1 & ! p]petual ex]cise ( ,god's p[] seems less wond]ful ?an its )drawal w\ld be4 99 99 99 99 99 ,may we v5ture on ano!r quotation8 ,we take x1 g5tle read]1 f a liv+ poet1 ^: works are n s widely read z _! g5u9e poetical feel+ & weal? ( language des]ve--,i mean ,sydney ,dobell4 ,aft] describ+ ! return ( ,spr+1 & h] grief & a/oni%m5t at ! spectacle ( e>?1 pale1 froz51 seem+ly dead1 he cont9ues1-- ,%e fell ^u ,! corse1 & w>m$ x4 ,! natural e>?1 ,:i* 0 n dead b slept1 unclos$ h] eyes2 ,!n ,spr+1 o'eraw$ at h] own miracle1 ,fell on h] knees4 ,mean:ile ! att5dant birds1--h] ha/e out/ript1-- ,*as+ h] voice1 cr[d r\nd1 & fill ! air ,) jocund loyalty4 ,) fl[]s ,spr+ dress$ ! ,e>?2 ,!n did h] "m1 ,e>?1 rejoice 9 h]2 ,& %e1 ) filial love & joy1 admir$1 ,weep+ & trembl+1 9 ! wont ( maids4 ,meantime h] pi\s fame _h fill$ ! skies4 ,he t begat h]1 ! almighty ,sun1 ,pass+ 9 regal /ate1 did call h] '*ild1' ,& bless$ h] & h] "m :]e !y sat-- ,h] by ! imposition ( bright h&s1 ,! ,e>? ) kisses4 ,!n ! ,spr+ w\ld g1 ,aba%$ ) bliss1--decor\s 9 ! face ,( love p>5tal4 ,b ! ,e>? /ood up1 ,& held h] !re2 &1 ^! encircl+1 came ,all k9d ( happy %apes t w&] space1 ,bright5+ ! air4 ,& !y two sang l gods ,"u ! answ]+ heav5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--,! att5dant birds cr[d r\nd1 & fill ! air4 ,we ?9k t ! anci5ts1 if !y _h s]i\sly reflect$ ^u ! important "p play$ by ! sun 9 ! economy ( nature2 h[ x is ! he>t1 & spr+1 & inn] p[] ( e movem5t & manife/ation ( life2 h[ x is1 z ,sir ,david ,brew/] says1 ! c5tre & s\l ( our _w1 ! lamp t lights x1 ! fire t heats x1 ! magnet t guides & controls x1 ! f\nta9 ( col\r1 :i* gives its azure to ! sky1 its v]dure to ! fields1 its ra9b[-hues to ! gay _w ( fl[]s1 & ! purple light ( love to ! m>ble *eek ( y\? & beauty2--we ?9k t ! anci5ts1 if !y _h ?\ght ^u1 or _h kn[n1 all ?is1 w\ld n h giv5 ! e>? a *ief place 9 our sy/em4 ,& t !y did s is all ! m /range :5 we rememb] t !y attribut$ to ! _w a s\l 7! s\l ( ! _w is a fav\rite idea ) ! great philosoph]s ( antiquity71 & look$ ^u ! planets z liv+ creatures4 ,b !y 7 sway$ by t egoti/ical in/9ct :i* leads man to ref] ev]y?+ to himself1 ev5 ! v gods :i* he has creat$ aft] 8 own image4 ,! ,bible tea*es u t !re is b "o ,god4 ,alas6 are !re n z _m gods z !re are m58 ,does n ea* ( u create a deity 9 accordance ) 8 own incl9ations1 8 mode ( ?\ght1 8 degree ( m5tal culture1 ! sph]e ( 8 ideas8 ,is ! ,god ( a tol]ant philosoph] id5tical ) t ( a bigot$ fanatic8 ,x is n s mu* due to a deceitful appe>ance1 an optical illusion1 z to a k9d ( innate infatuation1 t ! human race h come to consid] ! planet !y inhabit z ! c5tre ( ! univ]se4 ,,causes ,,( ,,! ,,circulation ,,( ,,! ,,sap4 ,let u return to ! sap1 ! life-blood ( vegetation4 ,h[ is x t its movem5t does n recomm5ce at ! same "t 9 all plants8 ,:y are "s clo!d ) leaves :5 ! o!rs are sc>cely budd+8 ,:]e=e1 9 c]ta9 g5]a1 d ! fl[]s appe> be=e ! leaves8 ,"s au?orities ass]t1--b facts %[ x to be a purely gratuit\s supposition1--t ! fl[]1 :i*1 ) ! fruit1 seems to be ! goal or object ( vegetation1 dem&s a great] activity on ! "p ( ! sap4 ,b1 9 tru?1 _m trees & %rubs1 su* z ! popl>1 ! will[1 & ! hazel1 fl\ri% at an epo* :5 ! sap is b>ely ar\s$ f its protract$ le?>gy4 ,^! are que/ions :i* h /ill to be answ]$4 ,b ^u yet ano!r "q we may dwell at "s detail4 ,:at is ! cause ( ! circulation ( ! sap8 ,to ! be/ ( our k1 ?is important problem has nev] be5 prop\nd$ z x %\ld h be54 ,& = ?is reason3 all obs]v]s :o h tak5 up its consid]ation h _h 9 view only ! ris+ sap1 & ! cause ( its ris+4 ,evid5tly ?is is b a "p ( ! problem4 ,! asc5d+ sap1 aft] und]go+ an important modification 9 ! leaves1 becomes ! desc5d+ sap2 j z ! v5\s blood is trans=m$1 on com+ into contact ) ! air 9 ! lungs1 into art]ial blood4 ,x is ?is alt]native movem5t ( go+ & com+ :i* con/itutes ! circulation bo? ( ! sap & ! blood1 & :i* ceases completely only ) ! life ( ! plant or ! animal4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 be> 9 m9d1--:i* has n be5 hi!rto done1--^! two opposite1 yet indissolubly connect$1 movem5ts1 be=e we c approa* ) advantage ! solution ( ! propos$ "q4#dj ,sci5ce consi/s 9 discov]+1 among ! diff]5t ways ( look+ at ?+s :i* pres5t !mselves to ! m9d1 ! "o :i* appe>s to expla9 mo/ cle>ly ! ph5om5a submitt$ to obs]vation4 ,he :o d\bts ! accuracy ( our rem>k ne$ only jo9 u 9 review+ ! diff]5t op9ions enunciat$ up to ! pres5t "t on ! cause ( ! rise ( ! sap4 ,grew1 an ,engli% botani/1 a contempor>y ( ,newton1 & 8 fell[-memb] 9 ! ,royal ,society ( ,london1 attribut$ ! rise ( ! sap to ! play ( ! utricles ( :i* ! plant is compos$4 ,^! utricles1 he said1 ma9ta9 a close int]communication2 ?r\gh _! contraction1 ! sap passes f ! l[] to ! upp]1 & ?us arrives almo/ at ! top ( ! plant4 ,grew's au?ority c>ri$ conviction to ! m9ds ( _m botani/s1 p>ticul>ly to ^? ( 8 compatriots4 ,yet 0 8 op9ion altoge!r imag9>y2 ! suppos$ contraction ( ! utricles does n exi/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,la ,hire1 a ,fr5* botani/1 :o fl\ri%$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1--son ( ! geometrician ( ! same "n1--pret5d$ t he c\ld acc\nt = ! rise ( ! sap by ! play ( ! little valves ) :i* ! int]ior ( ! sap-vessels 0 furni%$2 at ! same "t he assign$ a v active rle to ! fibres ( ! roots4 ,! fibres elevate1 he said1 ! :ole column ( sup]impos$ liquid1 incessantly introduc+1 by a k9d ( suction1 new fluids into ! organs4 ,un=tunately1 ! play ( ! little valves1 ) :i* ! int]ior ( ! sap-vessels is furni%$1 is a pure inv5tion ( ,la ,hire's4 ,in/ead ( gr[+ wise by exp]im5t1 he suff]$ himself to be l$ a/ray by a false analogy4 ,valves are f\nd 9 ! ve9s ( man & ! mammals2 b no "o has ev] se5 ! sides ( ! vessels ( a plant g>ni%$ ) valves to induce a circulation ( ! sap4 ,m>iotte1 s well kn[n by 8 rese>*es into ! compressibility ( air1 repres5t$ ! rise ( ! sap z dep5d5t ^u :at he call$ ! attraction tak+ place 9 ! n>r[ tubes--^u :at1 9 fact1 we n[ t]m capill>ity4 ,?is fir/ entrance ( wat] into ! roots is 9 ob$i5ce1 he said1 to a law ( nature2 = :]ev] v n>r[ tubes exi/ :i* t\* ! wat]1 x ent]s into !m1 & ev5 rises1 contr>y to its natural incl9ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,_m botani/s adopt$ ! op9ion ( ,m>iotte4 ,b if x 7 well f\nd$1 all capill>y bodies1 ev5 inorganic ones1 ought to pres5t a circulatory movem5t analog\s to t ( ! sap4 ,n[1 ?is is n ! case4 ,a body mu/ be animat$1 mu/ be liv+1 = attraction to take place 9 ! n>r[ tubes1 & to produce a movem5t comp>able to t ( ! nutritive liquid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,malpighi attribut$ ! rise ( ! sap to ! alt]nat+ r>efaction & cond5sation ( ?is liquid by heat2 ,p]rault1 to a k9d ( f]m5tation2 ,de ,saussure1 to a peculi> irritability ( ! vessels4 ,( ^! ?ree hypo!ses1 ! fir/ is purely physical2 ! second1 *emical2 ! ?ird1 vital4 ,s1 z we see1 !re is some?+ = ev]ybody--*acun son g\t6 99 99 99 99 99 ,! same "q has1 9 our own day1 be5 tak5 up f a new po9t ( view1 on ! occasion ( ,dutro*et's discov]y ( ! endosmose4 ,?is philosoph] 0 "o ( ! fir/ to p]ceive t two liquids1 sep>at$ f "o ano!r by a membrane1 quickly effect or induce a curr5t :i* always c>ries ! ?9n] liquid t[>ds ! d5s]1 & ends by m+l+ ! two completely4 ,x is endosmose1 he said1 :i* produces at "o & ! same "t ! progression ( ! sap by impulsion1 & its progression by affluxion4 ,! sap w\ld receive its impulse 9 ! spongioles ( ! roots2 !nce w\ld be c>ri$ t[>ds ! upp] p>ts by ! turgesc5ce ( ! organs--by ! affluxion1 :i* w\ld ?us act z a =cible mode ( suction4 ,! basis ( ?is !ory is1 t ! sap conta9$ 9 ! upp] p>ts w be m conc5trat$ or d5s] ?an t 9 ! l[] portions ( ! same plant4 ,b ?is is a m]e supposition4 ,& ev5 ?is supposition has be5 swept away by ! rec5t exp]im5ts ( ,h>tig & o!rs1 :i* %[ t ! diff]5ce 9 d5sity betwe5 ! two saps is n only almo/ null1 b 9 _m ligne\s plants ! l[] sap is1 on ! contr>y1 d5s] ?an ! upp]4#da 99 99 99 99 99 ,f9ally1 & m rec5tly1 ,m4 ,joseph ,boehm has put =? a !ory :i* (f]s "s po9ts ( analogy ) t ( ,grew4 ,accord+ to ,boehm1 ! rise ( ! sap is ! effect ( a suction1 ! cause ( :i* mu/ be s\ght bo? 9 ! atmosph]ic pressure & 9 ! transpiration :i* takes place ?r\gh ! organs1 & notably ?r\gh ! leaves ( ! plant4 ,! "p :i* he attributes to ! cellules1 ( :i* ! organs are compos$1 he ?us describes3--,:5 ! sup]ficial cellules ( ! plant lose wat] by transpiration1 he says1 ( two ?+s1 "o w happ53 ei!r ^! cellules w contract & %rivel1 or !y c>ry up1 by a k9d ( aspiration1 to ! neighb\r+ cellules1 situat$ 9 deep] lay]s1 a quantity ( wat] equival5t to :at !y _h lo/4 ,9 ! normal condition1 ! latt] is always ! result2 ea* cellule takes f its neighb\r :at itself has lo/1 & ?is action1 becom+ m & m g5]al1 is cont9u$ f ! leaves to ! extremities ( ! roots4 ,! cellules ( ! spongioles replace ! wat] :i* !y h yield$1 f ! humid m$ium surr\nd+ !m4 ,9 support ( ?is !ory1#db ,m4 ,boehm has made sev]al exp]im5ts1 :i*1 we fe>1 w n c>ry conviction to e m9d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! diff]5t !ories :i* we h be5 attempt+ to expla91 _! au?ors1 z x seems to u1 h neglect$ an ess5tial elem5t--! life ( ! plant4 ,!n1 ! exp]im5ts und]tak5 by way ( pro(1 h be5 made ^u cut /ems or bran*es1 :i*1 consequ5tly1 did n enjoy _! integral vitality4 ,9 fact1 ! results indicat$ c\ld j z well h be5 obta9$ ) in]t z ) liv+ matt]4 ,tak+ into acc\nt all ^! consid]ations1 we are d\btful :e!r any value c be plac$ on ! !ories j enunciat$4 ,und\bt$ly1 physical causes1 su* z capill>ity1 heat1 evaporation1 atmosph]ic pressure1 electricity1 h a c]ta9 m>k$ & con/ant action4 ,b ?is action is "h complex2 x is f\nd comb9$ ) a new =ce1 ^: effects con/itute precisely ! pr(\nd diff]5ce :i* exi/s betwe5 ! massive m9]al framework ( ! globe & ! transitory be+s peopl+ its surface4 ,x matt]s little :e!r we call x vital =ce1 or o!rwise2 suffici5t t x exi/s4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 all[ = its influ5ce :5 endeav\r+ to expla9 ! v>i$ movem5ts ( :i* plants1 z well z animals1 may be ! seat4 ,a4--,,plants4 ,! ,daisy 7,bellis p]5nis74 ,wel by reason m5 x call maie ,! daisie1 or els ! eye ( ! daie4#dc ,among all ! treasures ( ! floral _w1 t :i* %\ld excite 9 ea* ( u ! t5d]e/ emotion1 & mo/ readily /ir up 9 our m9ds ?\ghts too deep = te>s1 is ! ,daisy1--t fav\rite ( our innoc5t & happy *ildhood4 ,ah6 w\ld we 7 n[ z cont5t ) simple joys z 9 ! days :5 t wee1 mode/1 crimson-tipp$ fl[] 0 to u a beauty1 a prize1 & a *>m6 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--,! ,daisie scatt]$ 9 ea* mead & d[n4 ,we wond] h[ _m ( our poets h done homage to ! sweet & simple nursl+1 or r1 :e!r by any true poet x has be5 neglect$4 ,c[p] rem9ds u t 9 ,! spr+ & play-"t ( ! ye> ! village-wife & h] little ones g =? to ,prank _! hair ) daisies4 ,james ,montgom]y1 ^: admiration ( nature is some:at frigid1 c yet rem9d u t-- ,! rose has b a summ] reign1 ,! daisy nev] dies4 ,*auc] w>ms into en?usiasm :5 he ?9ks ( its pa/oral1 innoc5t gracefulness 7simplex munditiis73-- ,s glad am ,i :5 9 ! ,daisy's pres5ce1 ,t ,i am fa9 to d h] rev]5ce2 ,= %e ( all sweet fl[]s is ! fl[] ,) virtue fill$1 & hon\rable p[]2 ,= ev] fair alike1 & fre% ( hue1 ,z well 9 w9t] z 9 summ] new4 ,let u n omit a ref]5ce to qua9t b g5ial ,william ,br[ne3-- ,! ,daisie1 scatt]$ on ea* meade & d[n1 ,a gold5 tuft )9 a silv] cr[ne3 ,fair fall t da9ty fl[]6 & may !re be ,no %eph]d grac$ t does n hon\r !e6 ,yes6 let no poet be tak5 to y\r he>t ( he>ts :o has no love = ! fl[] :ite & r$e1--9 ,fr5*1 call$ ,la ,belle ,m>gu]ite1-- ,! op'n+ g[an1 wet wi' dew1 --,burns's bonnie gem1--! fl[] ( ! mead[ & ! lea1 ( ! woodl& & ! vale4 ,a mode/1 unassum+ fl[]1 de/9$ to be trodd5 "u ! feet ( ! ?\ghtless1 x )/&s ! rigor\s brea? ( w9t]1 is beautiful ?r\gh\t ! circle ( ! ye>--,bellis p]5nis1 z ! ,sw$i% botani/ n infelicit\sly call$ x4 ,its vegetation is arre/$ only dur+ ! h>%e/ fro/s2 b x resumes its liv+ gr[? z soon z x becomes s5sible ( ! fir/ rays ( ! spr+-"t sun4 ,x is at ! mom5t ( nature's awak5+1 ab\t ! solemn ,ea/]-tide1 t ?is sweet nursl+ ( ! v]nal ye> displays all ! simple coquetti%ness ( its *aplet ( fl[]s1--t *aplet :i* has also procur$ = x ! "n ( ! t9y ,m>gu]ite1--t is1 little pe>l1--a "n :i* ! ,fr5* h adopt$ f ! ,lat9--,m>g>ita4 ,"h let u pause1 & prop\nd a "q4 ,h[ w\ld y propose to te/ ! real "*1 ! g5u9e nature1 ( fri5d or acqua9tance8 ,y\r answ]s1 de> read]s 7believe me1 ,i he> !m cle>ly671 are v v>i\s4 ,"s ( y say1 t ! be/ means ( s\nd+ ! dep?s ( ! human he>t is by br++ be=e x a mis]y :i* ne$s to be reliev$4 ,o!rs recomm5d ! be/[al ( a b5efit4 ,b su* processes ( analysis appe> to me f> f be+ infallible2 too wide a m>g9 is left = ! op]ation ( s5tim5ts ( pride or vanity4 ,:y n conduct ! man ^: real "* y wi% to discov] into a mead[ enamell$ ) sp>kl+ daisies8 ,?us y w\ld impose ^u nature ! task ( int]rogat+ him4 ,if he manife/ feel+s ( indiff]5ce1 y w d well to reg>d him ) suspicion3 take c>e h[ y admit him into y\r intimacy2 = 8 he>t mu/ be cold1 & 8 m9d tr\bl$-- ,! man t takes n daisies to 8 s\l ,is fit = treasons1 /ratagems1 & spoils4 ,b to return to our daisy4 ,obs]ve h[1 by its organs1 x yields itself--9 anticipation1 z x 7--to its fate4 ,&1 fir/1 its long & fibr\s roots an*or x s solidly 9 ! soil t ! cattle :i* br[se x _c te> x up4 ,next1 its /em is s %ort t x seems to be bl5d$ ) ! roots2 "o might almo/ d\bt :e!r any exi/$4 ,b1 if y look at x m closely1 y may readily assure y\rself t ! /em is ! po9t :5ce issue ! recumb5t bran*es :i* be> ! leaves4 ,:y does n ! daisy boa/ ( /ems erect & free8 ,w\ld !y n be incessantly b5t or brok5 by ! m]ry troops ( *ildr5 :o love to play & dance ^u ,nature's c>pet1 ! s(t gre5 sw>d8 99 99 99 99 99 ,! leaves ( our daisy1 !n1 seem to issue directly f ! roots1 )\t ! int]m$i>y ( an app>5t /em1 :i* mu/ n be conf\nd$--recollect ?is1 de> read]6--) ! /alk or p$uncle t be>s ! cr[n ( petals4 ,^! leaves 9 =m resemble t9y cr5elat$ spatules1 ) ! h&les flatt5$1 & ! edges trimm$ ) little hairs or fibres4 ,! p$uncle1 too1 seems to />t imm$iately f ! roots4 ,! pr9cipal "p ( ! p$uncle is surm\nt$1 z already h9t$1 by ! fl[]1 to :i* we next direct our inquisitive & se>*+ gaze4 ,:at %all we call x8 ,to :at %all we lik5 x8 ,to a gild$ button fram$ 9 a pe>l4 ,?is button1 ?is yell[ eye1 z ,tab]nmontanus1 a botani/ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 nam$ x1--! eye ( day ( our old poets1--a drop ( gold 9 a rim ( silv]1--is n l any o!r fl[]2 is q a _w or sy/em ( ,lilliputian blossoms1 ea* ( :i* is repres5t$ by a m9iature tube1 yell[ at ! summit1 & ( a gre5i% :ite at ! base1--! said tube be+ ! union1 or comb9ation1 ( ! tops or summits =m+ ! c5tral gem1 ! gild$ button1 ! drop ( gold4 ,y may readily note ?is arrangem5t 9 ! l>g] v>iety ( daisy1 ! ,*rysan!mum leucan?um ( ,l9nu1--two ,lat9is$ ,greek words :i* signify1 lit]ally1 gold5-blossom$ :ite fl[]4 ,if y d\bt :e!r ea* ( ^! t9y tubes be a fl[]1 y h only to analyse !m ) ! assi/ance ( y\r ev]-useful l5s4 ,! analysis ( "o w suffice2 = all ! o!rs resemble x4 ,n[1 ) y\r p5knife1 split ! tube ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?3 y w ?us lay b>e all ! p>ts :i* ent] into ! composition ( a v]itable fl[]1 comm5c+ ) ! mo/ conspicu\s4 ,?r\gh ! magnify+ glass y c see five /am5s1--free z reg>ds _! %ort filam5ts1 b unit$ by _! elongat$ an!rs2 a *>act]i/ic :i* gives "n to ! great family ( ! ,synan!race1 ( :i* family our daisy is an hon\r$ memb]2--a bifid 7i4e41 clov5 9 two7 /yle trav]s+ ! middle ( ! an!rs1 :i* =m = x a k9d ( %ea? 7see ,fig4 #ca1 a72--a monopetal\s1 tubul>1 & obscurely bilabiat$ 7two-lipp$7 corolla1 ins]t$ at ! summit ( an unilocul> 7"o-lob$7 ov>y1 :i* is atta*$ to ! calyx 7see ,fig4 #ca1 b74 ,9 ^! t9y fl[]s1 !n1 :i* we call 9 ,lat9 flosculi1 9 ,fr5* fleurons1 9 ,engli% florets1 no?+ is defici5t4 ,z !y are %ap$ l tubes1 we call !m1 by way ( di/9ction1 tubulifloral4 ,b :at are ^! :ite rays1 lightly %ad$ ) p9k1 :i* enclose or encircle ! florets8 7,see ,fig4 #cb1 a47 ,exam9e !m at _! po9ts ( ins]tion4 ,y w p]ceive !re "s traces ( reproductive organs1 among :i* ! /yle is mo/ prom95t4 ,z = ! corolla1 x is repres5t$ only by its br[n lip1 :i* is immeasurably develop$4 ,x is ?is exagg]at$ developm5t :i* con/itutes ! :ite rays1 or petals1 t prove s attractive to ! eye4 7,see ,fig4 #cb1 b47 ,d n =get to obs]ve1 by ! way1 t !y are rose-t9t$ only on ! side :i* directly und]goes ! action ( ! light4 ,to di/+ui% !m f ! tubul> florets1--! tubuliflor1--^! :ite rays h be5 call$ ligulate florets1 or liguliflor4 ,! complete fl[]s 7or ! florets7 & ! rays 7or p>tially abortive fl[]s7 =m1 9 _! aggregate1 :at our botani/s h agre$ to call an infloresc5ce ( ! capitula4 ,dispos$ qu9cuncially on an ovoid receptacle1 or phoran?1 bo? are gr\p$ 7,fig4 #cb1 c7 9 alt]nat+ r[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4 ,to expla9 ?or\ghly ?is species ( infloresc5ce1 we w v5ture ^u an hypo!sis4 ,let u suppose t we c\ld elongate ! said ovoid receptacle z if x 7 a ball ( wax1--x w\ld be *ang$ into a %ea?-l infloresc5ce2 all our small] florets1 ^: union composes :at is improp]ly call$ ! fl[] ( ! daisy1 w\ld be rang$ ar\nd an elongat$1 in/ead ( be+ plac$ ^u a flatt5$ axis4 ,?is axis *>act]ises all ! ,synan!race ( ! family ( ! ,composit 7a sub-ord]72 sometimes nak$1 sometimes g>ni%$ ) v>i$ hairs1 ei!r %runk5 or p]si/5t1 x has furni%$ sev]al *>act]s useful 9 ! classification ( g5]a & species4 ,b possess$ ) a mania = complicat+ ev]y?+1 botani/s designate x indiff]5tly receptacle1 phoran!1 cl9an!1 etc4 ,:y n employ "o & ! same ^w to di/+ui% "o & ! same ?+8 ,:y n h pres]v$ ! "n axis1 & h atta*$ to x su* qualify+ t]ms z might be necess>y to indicate simple diff]5ces ( =ms8 99 99 99 99 99 ,! anci5ts look$ ^u nature1--,i _c suffici5tly insi/ ^u ?is !me1--) q o!r eyes ?an we d4 ,! /udy & description ( *>act]s1 s indisp5sable to our classifications & nom5clatures1 appe>$ to !m a useless lab\r2 !y _h n ev5 an idea ( its value4 ,b x 0 ( signal importance to !m to inve/igate ! virtues & prop]ties ( plants1 s f> z !y might be r5d]$ available = ! pres]vation ( heal? & ! cure ( disease4 ,our daisy is common 9 ,greece4 ,!ophra/us1 !re=e1 ought to h kn[n x1 ?\gh he does n ref] to x4 ,x is common also 9 ! pla9s ( ,italy4 ,pl9y 0 ! fir/ to describe x1 "u ! "n ( bellis2 he attributes to x ! prop]ties ( ! ,/ ,john's wort4#dd ,& x is notewor?y t ! daisy belongs to ! same family z ! latt]2 a circum/ance c]ta9ly n kn[n 9 ! days ( ,pl9y4 ,! botani/s ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies are by no means nigg>ds 9 ! eulogiums :i* !y lavi% on ! m$ic9al prop]ties ( our graceful ,synan!racea4 ,bock 7bett] kn[n1 p]haps1 "u ! "n ( ,tragus1 a ,goat71 :o mi/ook ! yell[ an!rs = ! se$s1 recomm5d$ ! leaves ( ! ,gnzeblume 7goose-fl[]1 z he call$ x7 z a laxative4 ,tab]nmontanus prescrib$ !m z a rem$y = cramps 9 ! /oma* & ! spitt+ ( blood4 ,ray1 :o expresses 8 a/oni%m5t t ! ,greeks _h n spok5 ( x1 look$ ^u ! daisy z an excell5t vuln]>y4 ,ext]nally1 says he1 we employ x ) success 9 ! =m ei!r ( a p\ltice or a fom5tation2 = int]nal treatm5t1 we mix its juice ) vuln]>y potions4--,^! prop]ties procur$ x ! "n ( ,consolida m9or1 :i* w\ld make x ! p5dant ( ! l>g] ,consolida1 ,symphytum (fic9ale1 a species ( ! ,borag9ace1 v common 9 damp & %ady localities4 ,ruel recomm5d$ cataplasms ( daisies & c[slips = g\t & scr(ul\s tum\rs4 ,*omel affirm$ t he knew by exp]i5ce t ! fl[]s ( ! daisy & ! h]b rob]t#de 7,g]anium ,rob]tianum71 if dri$ 9 a hot di%1 & appli$ to ! head1 consid]ably reliev$ heada*e4#df ,wepf] set great value on a mixture ( daisy1 cress1 & rummul>ia 9 ! treatm5t ( pneumonia2 & ,mi*aelis assures u t he _h cur$ dropsies by ! use ( ! fl[]s ( ! daisy cook$ z a bro?4 ,t\rne=t1 :o 0 v p>tial to ?is k9d ( obs]vation1--n[ repudiat$ by our botani/s1--says1 t ! daisy1 tak5 z a w>m dr9k or a decoction1 quick5s ! blood :5 congeal$ by a v sev]e attack ( cold1 z happ5s 9 pneumonia2 x removes ob/ructions1 facilitates ! circulation1 & gives ! fibres an opportunity ( recov]+ _! ela/icity4#dg ,g>idel sums up 9 ! foll[+ words ! result ( 8 p]sonal obs]vations3--,i h frequ5tly rem>k$ t ! juice ( ! daisy acts z a laxative1 & ev5 z a purgative2 ! decoction does n h t effect s (t5 z ,s*ro$] obs]ves1 :o says t mo!rs frequ5tly give ! leaves z a g5tle ap]i5t to _! *ildr54444 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to adm9i/] ?is rem$y indiff]5tly to all pleuretics1 nor at any season2 = if we give x :5 ! expectoration is easy1 we run ! risk1 by ! employm5t ( a laxative at a wrong "t1 ( spoil+ ev]y?+1 & *eck+ ! expectoration4 ,?is ,i h se5 occur 9 sev]al cases1 :]e ! rem$y _h be5 adm9i/]$ by a h]mit4#dh ,c x be true t ! commone/ plants are ! mo/ useful8 ,nature is q capable ( af=d+ u ^! surprises2 nature1 :o1 by h] %ift+ & protei=m movem5ts1 nev] ceases to laugh at human !ories4 ,b m51 z 0 said long ago1 h eyes1 ?\gh n to see2 & ev]ybody also kn[s1 f 8 own exp]i5ce1 t he has e>s1 n to und]/&6 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 ! daisy1 :i*1 z we h se51 0 =m]ly s extoll$ = its (fic9al prop]ties1 is n[-a-days completely ignor$ by physicians4 ,:at1 !n1 are we to conclude8 ,t all ! rem$ies 9 vogue--melan*oly to confess6--are an affair ( fa%ion4 ,:5 m5 %all h resum$ p]ukes1 & wom5 ab&on$ *ignons = furbel[s1 we %all rememb]1 p]haps1 ! virtues ( ! l[ly1 t5d] daisy4 ,we _c take leave ( our fav\rite wild-fl[] )\t repeat+ ,wordswor?'s beautiful /anzas4 ,he takes z 8 motto a f9e passage f ,)]1 qua9t old ,george ,)]3-- ,h] ! ,muse's div9e skill taught me ?is1 ,t f ev]y?+ ,i saw ,i c\ld "s in/ruction draw1 ,& raise pleasure to ! height ,?r\gh ! meane/ object's sight4 ,by ! murmur ( a spr+ ,or ! lea/ b\gh's ru/ell+2 ,by a daisy ^: leaves spread ,%ut :5 ,titan goes to b$2444 ,%e c\ld m infuse 9 me ,?an all ,nature's beauties c ,9 "s o!r wis] man4 ,on ?is h9t our great m$itative poet speaks1 & speaks mo/ t5d]ly & truly3-- ,9 y\? f rock to rock ,i w5t1 ,f hill to hill1 9 discont5t ,( pleasure high & turbul5t1 ,mo/ pleas$ :5 mo/ uneasy2 ,b n[ my own delights ,i make1-- ,my ?ir/ at e rill c slake1 ,& gladly ,nature's love p>take ,( !e1 sweet daisy6444 ,by violets 9 _! secret mews ,! fl[]s ! wanton zephyrs *oose2 ,pr\d be ! rose1 ) ra9s & dews ,h] head impe>l+2 ,?\ liv'/ ) less ambiti\s aim1 ,yet ha/ n gone )\t ?y fame2 ,?\ art1 inde$1 by _m a claim1 ,! poet's d>l+4 ,if to a rock f ra9s he fly1 ,or1 "s bright day ( ,april sky1 ,imprison'd by hot sun%9e lie1 ,ne> ! gre5 holly1 ,& we>ily at l5g? %\ld f>e2 ,he ne$ b look ab\t1 & !re ,?\ art6 a fri5d at h&1 to sc>e ,8 melan*oly4 ,a hundr$ times1 by rock or b[]1 ,ere ?us ,i h la9 c\*'d an h\r1 ,h ,i d]iv$ f ?y sweet p[] ,"s appreh5sion2 ,"s /eady love2 "s brief delight2 ,"s memory t _h tak5 flight2 ,"s *ime ( fancy1 wrong or "r1 ,or /ray inv5tion4444 ,(t d ,i sit by !e at ease1 ,& weave a web ( similes1 ,loose types ( ?+s ?r\gh all degrees4 ,?\ghts ( ?y rais+2 ,& _m a fond & idle "n ,i give to !e1 = praise or blame1 ,z is ! hum\r ( ! game1 ,:ile ,i am gaz+4 ,a nun demure1 ( l[ly port1 ,or sprightly maid5 ( ,love's c\rt1 ,9 ?y simplicity ! sport ,( all temptations2 ,a que5 9 cr[n ( rubies dress'd2 ,a />vel+ 9 a scanty ve/2 ,are all1 z seem to suit !e be/1 ,?y appellations4 ,a little cyclops1 ) "o eye ,/>+ to ?reat5 & defy1-- ,t ?\ght comes next2 & in/antly ,! freak is ov]2 ,! %ape w vani%1 &1 behold6 ,a silv] %ield ) boss ( gold1 ,t spreads itself1 "s fairy bold ,9 fight to cov]4 ,i see !e glitt]+ f af>1 ,& !re ?\ art a pretty />2 ,n q s fair z _m are ,9 heav5 above !e6 ,yet l a />1 ) glitt]+ cre/1 ,self-pois'd 9 air1 ?\ seem'/ to re/3 ,may peace come nev] to 8 brea/ ,:o %all reprove !e6 ,we may add t we "k b ( f\r ref]5ces to ! daisy 9 ,%akspe>e4 ,9 ,cymbel9e1 act iv41 sc5e #b3-- ,let u ,f9d out ! prettie/ daisi$ plot we c4 ,9 ,love's ,lab\r's ,lo/1 act v41 sc5e #b3-- ,:]e daisies pi$#di & violets blue ,d pa9t ! mead[s ) delight4 ,aga91 9 ,hamlet1 act iv41 sc5e #g3-- ,!re ) fanta/ic g>l&s did %e come ,( cr[-fl[]s1 nettles1 daisies1 & long purples4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4 ,&1 la/ly1 9 ,hamlet1 act iv41 sc5e #e3-- ,!re's a daisy2 ,i w\ld give y "s violets1 b !y )]$ all :5 my fa!r di$4 ,9 ,milton !re are b two allusions4 ,9 ! ,masque ( ,comus3-- ,by dimpl$ brook & f\nta9-brim1 ,! wood-nymphs1 deck'd ) daisies trim1 ,_! m]ry wakes & pa/imes keep4 ,& 9 ,l',allegro3#ej-- ,mead[s trim ) daisies pi$4 ,,! ,,tulip4 ,! pi$ w9dfl[]s & ! tulip tall4 --,,%elley4 ,x is probable t1 = ! majority ( floral amateurs1 ! "n ( ! tulip is insep>able f a plant :i*1 ) ! hyac9? & ! lily1 becomes1 9 ! m]ry spr+-"t1 ! ornam5t ( our g>d5s4 ,yet1 t[>ds ! end ( ,m>*1 ! obs]v] w occasionally discov]1 9 ! woods & groves1 ! wild tulip1#ea ! ,tulipa sylve/ris ( ,l9nu1 :i* may1 p]haps1 be v prop]ly tak5 = ! type ( a small tribe ( ! ,liliace4 ,x is easily recognis$ by its fl[]1 :i* resembles a l>ge yell[ campanula1 slightly gre5 on ! ext]ior4 ,l all plants ( ! same family1 x has b a s+le floral envelope or p]ian?1 :i* may be ei!r a corolla or a calyx z y w4 ,! initiat$ prote/ & assev]ate t x is a calyx2 b ! pr(anum vulgus1 :o compose ! majority1 w h x to be a corolla1 on acc\nt ( its col\r+4 ,to cut ! knot1 & please all p>ties1 our beautiful floral envelope has be5 d5om9at$ a petaloid p]ian?4 ,! divisions ( ?is p]ian?1 six 9 numb]1 may1 9 tru?1 be consid]$ z petals2 !y are deta*$ d[n to ! base1 & full 9 proportion z ! pi/il is develop$4 ,! latt] is compos$ ( ?ree /igmata1 atta*$1 )\t ! int]m$i>y ( a /ylus 7sessile /igmata71 to a free ov>y 7t is1 an ov>y n jo9$ to ! p]ian?71 :i*1 z x develops1 =ms a capsule ) ?ree angul> projections m>k+ s _m lobes2 ea* ( ^! lobes includes a great numb] ( compress$ se$s4 ,z 9 all ! ,liliace1 & 9 _m o!r vegetable families1 ! /am5s1 six 9 numb]1 are hypogyn\s1--t is to say1 ins]t$ at ! base ( ! division ( ! p]ian?4 ,! /em1 ne>ly two feet 9 height1 be>s a s+le fl[] only3 ! leaves are lanceolate1 l all ( ! family1 & ! root is =m$ ( a bulb1 ) ?9 & br[ni%-col\r$ ext]nal tunic4 ,is ! wild tulip an orig9al species1 or only a deg5]ate v>iety ( ! cultivat$ tulip 7,tulipa ,gesn]iana78 ,! "q is "o n v easily solv$4 ,x is g5]ally admitt$ t ! cultivat$ tulip1--:i* ev]ybody kn[s1--0 introduc$ into ,europe f ! ,ea/1 t[>ds ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x is1 at all ev5ts1 c]ta9 t none ( our old] botani/s speak ( our wild tulip4 ,dodonne himself ref]s to ! ,ea/]n tulip only1 ( :i* he 0 ! fir/ to give1 9 8 ,hi/oria ,/irpium1 a tol]able del9eation4 ,a circum/ance :i* w\ld fav\r ! belief t ! tulip 0 import$ f ! ,ea/ is ! ,ori5tal d]ivation ( its "n3 tulipa1 9 ,italian tulipano1 comes to u1 x is said1 f ! ,turki% tulib&1 or ! ,p]sian dulb5d1 :5ce is obta9$1 by corruption1 turban1 ! *>act]i/ic head-ge> ( ! ,ori5tals4 ,?us1 at bottom1 tulip & turban are ! same ^w1 only alt]$ 9 =m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:o does n "k ) :at a glory ( col\rs ! skill ( our horticulturi/s has succe$$ 9 clo?+ ! tulip8 ,inasmu* z ! cultivat$ species be>s ! di/9ctive addition ( ,gesn]iana1--& ( ?is species all exi/+ tulips are b v>ieties1--we might reasonably suppose t ,gesn]1 ! celebrat$ ,swiss naturali/ 7:o di$ at ,zuri*1 ag$ sixty-n9e1 9 #aefe71 0 ! fir/ to speak ( x4 ,b he makes no allusion to x 9 8 ,hi/oria ,plant>um 7pr9t$ at ,ble 9 #aeda72 he only ref]s to x 9 8 ,additions to ! works ( ,val]ius ,cordus1 publi%$ 9 #aefa4 ,we subjo9 a lit]al translation ( ! words ( ,conrad ,gesn]3-- ,9 ! ye> #aeei1 at ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 ,i saw at ,augsburg1 9 ! g>d5 ( ,f4 ,h4 ,h]w>t1 magi/rate ( t t[n1 a plant ^: se$ _h be5 br\ght f ,con/ant9ople1 or1 accord+ to "s1 f ,cappadocia4 ,x 0 call$ tulip4 ,ab\t ! same epo*1 ?is plant 0 cultivat$ at ,vi5na1 9 ! g>d5s ( "s weal?y amateurs2 :5ce sev]al tulip-bulbs 7 aft]w>ds s5t into ,engl&4 ,?is ornam5tal plant1 ^: spl5d\r is ( su* brief duration1 became1 t[>ds ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! object ( a comm]cial speculation1 :i* m>ks an epo* 9 horticultural annals4 ,! t[ns ( ,am/]dam1 ,ha>lem1 ,utre*t1 ,alkm>1 ,leyd51 & ,rott]dam1 7 ! head-qu>t]s ( ! new trade4 ,! ye>s #afcd to #afcg m>k$ its apogee1 its culm9ation2 x 0 ! reign ( ! tulipomania1--a malady :i*1 not)/&+ its sev]ity1 does n figure among our pa?ological nom5clatures4 ,bulbs ( ! v>iety call$ ,vic]oy 7 sold = #cjjj flor9s 7#bce7 ea*2 & amateurs paid ev5 z high z #ejjj flor9s 7#dcj7 = ! ,semp] ,augu/us v>iety6 ,^? :o _h n ! ne$ful am\nt ( ready money dispos$ ( _! goods1 _! cattle1 & _! furniture4 ,& n only ! horticulturi/s1 b ! seam51 & artisans1 & s]vants1 plung$ headlong1 into ?is frantic gambl+4 ,tulip bulbs 7 !n z eag]ly s\ght aft] z %>es 9 ! company ( ! ,mississippi 9 ! days ( ,law1--or 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,/ocks1 also set afloat by t +5i\s f9anci]4 ,b x 0 n s mu* a love ( fl[]s z a lu/ ( speculation :i* lay at ! bottom ( ?is fam\s mania4 ,= example1 a g5tleman engag$ a m]*ant to deliv]1 at ! end ( six mon?s1 a bulb wor? #ajjj flor9s4 ,:5 ! "t came1 ! price ( ! bulb _h ei!r gone up or d[n1 & ! contractor paid only ! diff]5ce2 z = deliv]+ ! w>es1 nei!r p>ty c>$ ab\t x4 ,x 01 !re=e1 ! exact equival5t ( a speculation 9 ! funds or 9 railway %>es4 ,! transactions took place on ! public ex*anges1 z well z 9 c(fee-h\ses1 inns1 & on ! prom5ades4 ,!y orig9at$ a f]tile crop ( abuses1 & to put an end to !m ! int]v5tion ( ! ,gov]nm5t 0 requir$4 ,h[ev]1 we may cite sev]al examples ( di/+ui%$ m5 :o h *]i%$ a p>tiality = ! tulip1 9 ! bett] s5se ( ! ^w4 ,among ^! 0 ,ju/us ,lipsius1 ! great philologi/4 ,9 8 g>d5 he cultivat$ ) 8 own h&s1 x is said1 ! r>e/ v>ieties1 & 8 floricultural ta/es 7 %>$ by two ( 8 intimate fri5ds1 ,dodone 7,diodati7 & ,l'cluse1 ! two mo/ illu/ri\s botani/s ( _! "t4 ,b all ^! details1 h[ev] curi\s & int]e/+1 d n tea* u :e!r our wild tulip has sprung f ! cultivat$ g]ms4 ,z x is impossible to solve ?is problem exp]im5tally1 we are =c$ to be satisfi$ ) a simple conjecture4 ,&1 = our own "p1 we are /rongly ( op9ion t ! wild & cultivat$ tulips may1 f _! v orig91 h co-exi/$ indep5d5tly ( "o ano!r4 ,& n[ to put =w>d a fact 9 support ( ?is /atem5t4 ,,! ,,heliotrope4 ,) ! ,heliotrope e lov] ( fl[]s is famili>2 x is n less priz$ = its delicate fragrance ?an ! tulip = its gl[+ col\rs4 ,no d\bt exi/s z to ! c\ntry f :i* we h import$ ! cultivat$ heliotrope1 nor z to ! epo* :5 x 0 introduc$3 x came f ,p]u1 :5ce ! "n giv5 to x by ,l9nu1 ,heliotropium ,p]uvianium2 & 0 br\ght into ,europe1 9 #agdj1 by ,joseph de ,jussieu4 ,al?\gh n kn[n 9 ,europe above a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s1 x is n[ an old1 famili> face 9 e g>d54 ,n[1 by ! side ( ! cultivat$ species1 a native ( ! ,new ,_w1 we c place a wild v>iety1 indig5\s to ! ,old ,_w1 common 9 our own c\ntry1 &1 inde$1 9 all ! c\ntries ( temp]ate ,europe2 :5ce x has receiv$ ! appellation ( ,heliotropium ,europum4 ,! ,european species1 let me /ate1 is 9 e respect simil> to ! ,p]uvian species1 except t its fl[]s are inodor\s & ( a pal] blue4 ,yet x 0 kn[n be=e ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1--be=e ! discov]y ( ^? regions f :i* we h obta9$ ! cultivat$ heliotrope4 ,?us1 ! two v>ieties h exi/$ contemporane\sly1 & h fl\ri%$ indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 f _! v orig94 ,:y %\ld n su* be ! case ) ! wild & cultivat$ tulip8 ,,! ,,anemones4 ,f our ,spr+ posy ! delicate ,anemones mu/ n be omitt$4 ,m ?an tw5ty species are cultivat$ 9 ,great ,brita91 & ,i h>dly "k to :i* ,i w\ld give ! pref]5ce4 ,!y are call$ by t mo/ unmean+ t]m1 flori/'s fl[]s1 & f ! att5tion be/[$ ^u !m1 ! cultivat$ v>ieties h be5 greatly improv$4 ,b y & ,i1 de> read]1 w g =? into ! wild woods1 & enjoy ! ri* gifts ( nature untamp]$ by horticultural sci5ce4 ,x is t[>ds ! end ( ,m>* t ! wood anemone 7,anemone nemorosa7 beg9s to exp& its graceful leaves & sn[-:ite buds to ! /ray sunbeams t =ce _! way ?r\gh ! emb[]+ bran*es ( /ately elms & spread+ bee*es1 & 9 ,april x has atta9$ its full glory1 contribut+ l>gely to ! beauty & ! %[ :i* !n embelli% ! =e/ glade4 ,sn[-:ite1 & fa9t rose-r$1 & s(t delicate lilac1--^! are ! prevail+ hues ( its t5d] petals4 ,x is said t ! wood anemone nev] blossoms e>li] ?an ,m>* #af1 & nev] lat] ?an ,april #b4 ,x op5s out its lovel9ess to ! sun ab\t ! same "t z ! swall[ returns f ! g5ial ,s\? to our l& ( pleasant v]dure4 ,c\ntry *ildr5 associate x ) ! appe>ance ( ! cuckoo1 & call x ! cuckoo fl[]1 b ! w&]+ voice is lat] ?an ! woodl& blossom 9 its welcome to ! spr+4 ,:y is x call$ ,anemone8 ,( c\rse1 ! ,engli% "n is d]iv$ f ! ,greek 1 w9d2 b :at connexion is !re betwe5 ! w9d & ! fl[]8 ,cr$ul\s old ,pl9y ass]t$ t x nev] bloom$ except :5 ! w9d blew4 ,"s ( our botanical writ]s expla9 t x %iv]s & b5ds be=e ! w9ds ( ,m>* & ! breezes ( ,april4 ,o!rs rem9d u t ?\gh g5]ally f\nd 9 ! %elt] ( ! groves1 x w ?rive lu/ily 9 w9dy & expos$ localities4 ,b ,i suspect ! true reason ( ! "n is its peculi> s5sitiv5ess to atmosph]ic *anges4 ,z a =etell] ( ! /orm x is n less tru/wor?y ?an a b>omet]1 nev] fail+ to fold up its exquisite petals :5 ! w9ds are ga!r+ ov] ! di/ant hills4 ,our plant is consid]$ injuri\s food = cattle2 & x 0 on acc\nt ( its un:olesome prop]ties1 p]haps1 t ! ,egyptians reg>d$ x z an emblem ( sickness2 or ! idea may h be5 sugge/$ by its frail & feeble appe>ance4 ,! yell[ wood anemone is a r>e & beautiful v>iety1 :i* ,i h sometimes met ) among ! *alky d[ns ( ,k5t4 ,its botanical designation is ,anemone ranunculoides4 ,a /ill ri*] species is ! ,anemone pulsatilla1 or ,pasque ,fl[] ,anemone2 a silky d[ny plant1 easily recognis$ by its blossom ( gl[+ purple4 ,! blue m\nta9 anemone 7,anemone ,ap5n9a7 is only to be f\nd1 z its "n indicates1 on ! bold rugg$ sides ( l(ty m\nta9-heights4 ,! ,anemones belong to a v important ord]1--! ,ranunculace1 or ,cr[foot family1--:i* is divid$ into five sub-ord]s3 #a4 ,clematid2 #b4 ,anemone2 #c4 ,ranunculace2 #d4 ,hellibore2 & #e4 ,act1 or ,pni4 ,l9nu di/+ui%es =ty-"o kn[n g5]a1 compris+ a ?\s& species4 ,!re are n9e ,briti% g5]a ( ,anemone4 ,9 ,drayton's ,poly-,olbion occurs a ri* descriptive passage1--an exquisite fl[]-piece1--:i*1 on acc\nt ( its beauty1 des]ves to be bett] kn[n1 & m frequ5tly quot$4 ,! poet is enl>g+ ^u ! floral rites :i* 7 celebrat$ at ! esp\sals ( ! riv]s ,?ame & ,isis1 & sets be=e u a bright bevy ( ,nymphs & ,naiads2 engag$ 9 tw9+ da9ty *aplets to deck ! p]sons ( ! bride & bridegroom4 ,! /alw>t ,?ame1--s x seems to !m1--%\ld n be dress$ ) fl[]s to g>d5s t belong1 b ) blossoms pluck$ f 8 own meads & pa/ures4 ,z mo/ ( ^? select$ are fit = a spr+-"t nosegay1 we may well enri* our pages ) qua9t old ,drayton's enum]ation ( !m3-- ,! ,primrose plac+ fir/1 because t 9 ! ,spr+ ,x is ! fir/ appe>s2 !n only fl\ri%+2 ,! azur$ ,h>ebell next ) !m !y neatly mixt1 ,t' allay ^: lusci\s smell !y ,woodb9e plac$ betwixt4 ,among ^? ?+s ( sc5t !re prick !y 9 ! ,lily1 ,& ne> to t aga9 h] si/] ,daffodilly4 ,to sort ^! fl[]s ( %[ ) o!rs t 7 sweet1 ,! ,c[slip !re !y c\*1 & ! ,oxlip = h] meet2 ,! ,columb9e among/ !m !y sp>+ly d set1 ,! yell[ ,k+-cup1 wr\ght 9 _m a curi\s fret2#eb ,& n[ & !n among1 ( ,eglant9e a spray1 ,by :i* aga9 a c\rse ( ,lady-mocks !y lay2 ,! ,cr[-fl[]1 & !reby ! ,clorra-fl[] !y /ick1 ,! ,daisy ov] all ^? sundry sweets s ?ick1 ,z ,nature do? h]self to imitate h] "r2 ,:o seems 9 t h] 'pe>l' s greatly to delight1 ,t e pla9 !re) %e p[d]e? to behold4 ,! crimson ,d>nel-fl[]1 ! ,blue-bottle & gold1 ,:i*1 ?\gh e/eem$ b we$s1 yet1 = _! da9ty hues1 ,& = _! sc5t1 n ill1 !y = _! purpose *oose4 ,?us1 hav+ told y h[ ! ,bridegroom ,?ames 0 dre/1 ,i'll %[ y h[ ! ,bride1 fair ,isis1 !y inve/4 ,"h ! poet resorts to ! g>d5 = 8 decorative wrea?1 b is c>eful1 z we %all see1 to es*ew flori/'s fl[]s1 & to select only our de> old fav\rites3-- ,! r$1 ! da9ty :ite1 ! gaudy ,damask ,rose1 ,! brave ,c>nation1 !n1 ( sweet & sov]eign p[] 7,s ( 8 col\r call$1 al?\gh a ,july fl[]71 ,) ! o!r ( 8 k9d1 ! speckl$ & ! pale2 ,!n ! odorif]\s ,p9k t s5ds =? su* a gale ,( sweetness1 yet 9 sc5ts z v>i\s z 9 sorts2 ,! purple ,violet !n ! ,pansy !re supports2 ,! ,m>igold above t' adorn ! ar*$ b>2 ,! d\ble ,daisy1 ,?rift1 ! ,button-,ba*elor2 ,sweet ,william1 ,sops 9 ,w9e1 ! ,campion1 & to ^! ,"s ,lav5d] !y put1 & ,rosem>y1 & ,bays2 ,sweet ,m>joram ) h] l1 sweet ,basil r>e = smell1 ,) _m a fl[] ^: "n 7 n[ too long to tell4 ,if our space p]mitt$1 we %\ld l to gossip a:ile ab\t ea* ( ! fl[]s commemorat$ by our old poet1 = to ea* atta*es "s leg5d1 or romantic tradition1 "s rural obs]vance1 or sweet poetical association4 ,b we mu/ cont9ue our rese>*es1 & !y br+ u n[ to ! ,arum4 ,,! ,,arum4 ,to ! ,fr5* ! ,arum is commonly kn[n z ! ,calf's foot 7,pi$ de veau74 ,x is a common en\gh plant1 gr[+ on ! bord]s ( ! wood1 & delight+ especially 9 ! %ade ( ! hazel trees1 b x be>s n ! slighte/ resemblance to ! ho( ( any quadrup$ :atsoev]1 unless1 inde$1 to a v f]vid imag9ation !re %\ld be visible a %ad[y similitude 9 its leaf4 ,& x is1 9 tru?1 ass]t$--b1 n hav+ ! eye ( fai?1 ! editor _c see any gr\nd = ! ass]tion--t its sagillate or arr[-head$ leaves1 m>k$ by a /rongly-def9$ midrib1 be> a c]ta9 lik5ess to ! "u bi-ungulat$ face ( ! foot ( a "y rum9ant4 ,appe>+ 9 ! e>ly days ( spr+1 !y contra/ agreeably1 by _! %9+ v]dure1 ) ! col\r ( ! dead leaves heap$ up at ! base ( ! h$g][s4 ,simultane\sly ) its leaves comes =? a curi\s organ1--r>e 9 vegetables ( temp]ate regions1 common 9 ! tropical palms1 & *>act]i/ic ( ! family ( ! ,aroidace1 to :i* our ,arum belongs4 ,?is organ1 roll$ up 9 a coil or spiral1 is nam$ ! spa!4 ,x protects ! fl[]s 9 _! "y /ate1 &1 z !y are develop$1 gradually falls (f4 ,its col\r is a gre5i% yell[2 at ! summit x is sometimes /reak$ ) purpli% ve9s1 & at ! base x swells out 9 a globose fa%ion4 ,a small !rmomet]1 introduc$ into ! int]ior ( ! roll$-up spa!1 indicates a rise ( temp]ature equal to "o or two degrees above t ( ! ext]nal atmosph]e4 ,:5ce comes ?is diff]5ce8 ,because 9 ! spa! is frequ5tly f\nd imprison$ ano!r organ1 ! seat ( ! my/]y ( reproduction4 ,?is organ is a fle%y axis1 on :i* are arrang$ ! fl[]s 9 two di/9ct r+s2 ! upp] is occupi$ by ! /am5s1 r$uc$ to simple an!rs 7sessile /am5s72 obs]ve ! filam5t\s app5dages--!y are abortive ov>ies4 ,^! same app5dages also surm\nt ! l[] r+1 :]e sev]al r[s are set ( sessile ov>ies2 ea* ov>y compos$ ( a s+le lobe1 conta9+ a v small numb] ( ovules1 ! majority ( :i* misc>ry z ! ov>ies become metamorphos$ into bright r$ b]ries3 ^! are ! fruits :i* appe> 9 autumn2 !y =m a spike or e> ( coral1 ea* conta9+1 ord9>ily1 a s+le se$4 ,! fl[]s1 z a consequ5ce ( ?is sep>ation ( ! two sexes1 are monci\s2 ! succul5t axis :i* be>s !m is call$ a spadix4#ec ,on te>+ op5 ! spa!1 our glance fir/ re/s ^u ! apex ( ! spadix1 :i* has a club-l =m1 & is ( a beautiful violet-r$ col\r4 ,! two r+s ( sexual organs h mu* less attraction = ! pr(ane2 ! l[] r+1 load$ ) female fl[]s1 is m prom95t ?an ! upp] r+1 :i* be>s ! male fl[]s4 ,! root ( our ,arum also des]ves a p>ticul> exam9ation4 ,x is a :ite tub]cul> /ock or /em1 conta9+ a quantity ( fecula1 mix$1 z 9 ! ,we/ ,indian manioc1 ) an acrid poison\s pr9ciple :i* produces a burn+ pa9ful heat 9 ! ?roat4 ,?is injuri\s pr9ciple is de/roy$ by exposure to ! fire1 & by repeat$ly boil+ ! plant 9 wat]4 ,aft] be+ ?us heat$1 !re rema9s only ! fecula1 9 ! =m ( a :ite p[d]1 :i*1 9 times ( sc>city1 supplies a v nutriti\s food4 ,i made use ( x1 says ,bosc1 dur+ ! /orms ( ! ,revolution1 :5 ,i _h tak5 refuge 9 ! solitudes ( ! =e/ ( ,montmor5cy4 ,?is plant is s abundant 9 ?is =e/1 & 9 _m o!r localities1 t1 at ! epo* ,i speak (1 x w\ld h ensur$ ! subsi/5ce ( sev]al ?\s&s ( m51 if !y _h kn[n its alim5t>y prop]ties4 ,i 0 s]i\sly c\nt+ on ! res\rces :i* x w\ld place at my disposal1 :5 ! dea? ( ,robespi]re reliev$ me f my difficulties4#ed ,our arum1 :i* we h tak5 z a type ( ! family ( ! ,aroidace1 is call$ maculatum1 or spott$1 9 allusion to ! :ite & violet spots ) :i* its leaves are bespr9kl$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--,! ,arum aris>um4 ,ano!r1 & n less int]e/+ species1 is ! ,arum aris>um4 7,see ,fig4 #cd1 a47 ,x loves to display its exquisite leafage on ! rocks bord]+ ! sea-m>ge1 & is f\nd 9 pr(usion along almo/ ! entire littoral ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,x is a precoci\s fl[]--mak+ its appe>ance ab\t ! end ( ,decemb]1 & fl\ri%+ until ! beg9n+ ( ,spr+4 ,! spa!1 :i* 9 ! ,arum maculatum has all ! aspect ( an etiolat$ leaf1 assumes1 9 ! ,arum aris>um1 ! t9ts ( a corolla1--is ( a beautiful w>m r$ violet1 /reak$ ) :ite4 ,! fle%y axis1 :i* ought r to be call$ gyn&r\s 7bo? male & female7 ?an a spadix1 is ( a r$ col\r2 nak$ 9 its upp] portion1 :i* t]m9ates ) a k9d ( apple4 ,x w\ld rem9d a drumm]-boy ( ! =midable /aff c>ri$ by 8 drum-major 7see ,fig4 #cd1 b472 ! /am5s1 r$uc$ to ! condition ( bilob$ an!rs1 are m\nt$ ar\nd ! c5tral "p2 & ! ov>ies1 less num]\s ?an ! /am5s1 occupy ! base ( ! axis4 ,ea* monocul> ov>y is cr[n$ by a sessile /igma1 & ea* lobe conta9s a great numb] ( erect ovules4 ,9 ! ,arum maculatum1 ! numb] ( ovules does n exce$ six4 ,"s botani/s h laid hold ( ?is *>act]i/ic z an excuse = )draw+ ! ,m$it]ranean species f ! arums1 & creat+ a new g5us1 aris>um4 ,! v>iety we h j describ$ is1 9 t case1 d5om9at$ ! ,aris>um vulg>e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! anci5ts h m5tion$ num]\s species ( ! arum4 ,b x is a v difficult task to br+ _! nom5clature into any k9d ( agreem5t ) ! species describ$ by mod]n botani/s4 ,h[ev]1 we may1 ,i ?9k1 reg>d ! aris>um ( ,pl9y & ,dioscorides z positively id5tical ) our ,arum aris>um4 ,b we are unable to admit t ! aron1 ! hepha1 ! dracunculus1 ! dracontium1 c be1 z comm5tators repres5t1 "o & ! same plant2 /ill less c we admit t ?is plant is our ,arum maculatum1 :i* is v mu* r>] 9 ! s\? ?an 9 ! nor? & c5tre ( ,europe4 ,9 ! solution ( su* problems z ^!1 geographical botany is an elem5t :i* mu/ n be neglect$4 ,un=tunately x has nev] be5 tak5 into acc\nt by ! comm5tators on ! great classical au?orities4 ,let me advance a simple proposition4 ,s9ce ! potatoe has become diseas$1 & ! species t5ds to deg5]ate1 may we n f9d a sub/itute = x1--at lea/1 a p>tial "o1--among our ,aroids1 &1 notably1 9 ! ,arum maculatum8 ,,! ,,ranunculace4 ,let u return = a :ile to ! ord] ( ,ranunculace1 ( :i* ! ,anemones h already furni%$ u ) a specim54 ,sev]al v poison\s plants are memb]s ( ?is ord]2 &1 9 tru?1 v few c be pron\nc$ :olly innoc5t4 ,i d n ?9k !re is mu* h>m 9 ! ,less] ,cel&9e1 h[ev]--! glossy1 />ry fl[]1 yell[ z a butt]cup1 ) he>t-%ap$ leaves1 :i* ,wordswor? has celebrat$3-- ,ere a leaf is on ! bu%1 ,9 ! "t be=e ! ?ru% ,has a ?\ght ab\t its ne/1 ,?\ wilt come ) half a call1 ,spread+ out ?y glossy brea/1 ,l a c>eless prodigal2 ,tell+ tales ab\t ! sun1 ,:5 we've little w>m? or none4 ,!re _c be mu* h>m 9 x1 = 9 ! nor? ( ,europe ! peasantry boil its leaves1 & eat !m z gre5s4 ,x ?rives 9 all p>ts ( ,engl&1 9 gre5 woods & mead[s1 & on wild furzy wa/es & op5 commons2 "u leafy h$ges1 & ev5 9 ! gay pa/ures1 among ! primroses & hepaticas4 ,a numb] ( small1 gra9-l tub]s lie ar\nd x1 close to ! surface ( ! e>?2 :5ce x 0 a common say+ 9 ! days ( old t ?is plant %[]$ d[n :eat 9 its vic9ity4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ! same ord] belongs ! ,butt]cup 7,ranunculus bulbosus71 ^: bulb\s root procur$ = x f our =efa!rs ! "n ( ,/ ,an?ony's turnip4 ,if ! good sa9t ev] p>took ( butt]cup-corms1 we d n envy him 8 s5sations2 :5 boil$1 !y disord] ! /oma*1 & if eat5 raw1 act z an emetic4 ,x 0 =m]ly ?\ght1 says a pleas+ writ]1 t cr[foot 7! butt]cup is a species ( cr[foot71 m+l$ ) ! pa/ure1 improv$ its nature1 & t ! butt] yield$ by c[s :i* f$ ^u ?is mixture 0 ( a sup]ior quality4 ,n\s avons *ang t\t cela2 we are wis] n[2 & h discov]$ t c[s c>efully avoid eat+ butt]cups1 & t sev]al k9ds ( cr[foot are ev5 poison\s to cattle4 ,on "s pa/ure-l&s1 9 ^? c\ntries :]e ! produce ( ! dairy receives p>ticul> att5tion1 wom5 & *ildr5 are employ$ to de/roy ! cr[foot1 :i* !y d ei!r by pull+ up ! root1 or by pluck+ (f ! fl[]1 & prev5t+ x f disp]s+ its se$4 ,! root ( ! butt]cup is ( a highly /imulat+ prop]ty if tak5 9 an uncook$ /ate1 & its juice w occasion sneez+2 b boil+ deprives ?is1 z well z _m o!r vegetable productions1 ( its injuri\s prop]ties4 ,a simil> effect is produc$ by dry+ x 9 ! sun2 :]e=e ! hay crop is n at all det]iorat$ by its acrid nature4 ,a v beautiful ornam5t ( /ill pools & g5tly-fl[+ /reams is ! ,wat]-ranunculus 7,ranunculus aqua atilis71 ^: leaves v>y accord+ to ! dep?1 or calmness1 or swiftness ( _! wat]y habitat1 & are ?us adapt$ to p]mit ! passage ( wat] )\t suff]+ any injury f its =ce4 ,! leaves on ! surface h a r\nd lob$ %ape2 ^? imm]s$ hang d[n 9 ?9 small fibres1 :i* (f] b little resi/ance to ! curr5t4 ,! ,,ranunculace also include ! ,black ,hellebore1 or ,*ri/mas rose 7,helleborus nig]71 "o ( our mo/ spl5did w9t]-g>d5 decorations1 ^: juice ! anci5ts consid]$ a wond]ful rem$y = m5tal disord]s4 ,9 :it5ess x rivals ! sn[1 :i* (t5 accumulates ar\nd x1 & ! sn[-drop1 :i* is frequ5tly b\nd up 9 ! same wrea?4 ,x is call$ ! ,black ,hellebore1 to di/+ui% x f ! two wild species :i* gr[ 9 our woods1 its root be+ cov]$ ) a ?ick black sk94 ,! fragrant :ite ,clematis mu/ n be omitt$2 its />ry drops are ?+s ( beauty1 :i* e true poetic eye w "k h[ to appreciate4 ,x is sometimes call$ ,travell]'s ,joy1 & sometimes ,virg9's ,b[]2 ei!r "n is ri*ly sugge/ive ( pleasant fancies4 ,d y rememb] ! beautiful picture 9 ,keats's ,endymion1 ( ! %ady sacr$ retreat :]e ,adonis lay & slumb]$8 ,! clematis 0 "o ( ! preci\s fl[]s t adorn$ x3-- ,above 8 head ,f\r lily /alks did _! :ite hon\rs w$1 ,to make a coronal1 & r\nd him grew ,all t5drils gre51 ( e bloom & hue1 ,toge!r int]tw9$ & trammell$ fre%2 ,! v9e ( glossy spr\t1--! ivy me%1 ,%ad+ its ,e?iop b]ries1--& woodb9e1 ,( velvet leaves & bugle blooms div9e2-- ,convolvulus 9 /reakd vases blu%1 ,! creep] mell[+ = an autumn flu%1-- ,& ,virg9's ,b[] trail+ airily1 ,) o!rs ( ! si/]hood4 ,f9ally1 our ord] comprises ! ,hepatica1 ) its blue or p9k blossoms & ?ree-lob$ leaves1 :i*1 f _! fanci$ resemblance to ! =m ( ! liv]1 procur$ ! plant its ,engli% "n ( liv]wort2 ! ,flos ,adonis1 or pheasant's eye1--! g\tte-de-sang ( ! ,fr5*1--s call$ because ! anci5ts fabl$ t x sprang f ! blood ( ,adonis1 :5 w\nd$ by ! be>2 ! m>% m>igold2 ! gay & vivaci\s l>kspur2 ! deadly wolfsbane1 or aconite1 :i* secretes s pot5t a poison2 & ! aromatic love-9-a-mi/1 or ,fr5* fl[]4#ee ,b4--,,animals4 ,"u ! s(t moss1 "u ! /ones1 9 all localities :]e m\ld9ess is easily develop$1 "u ! clos$ doors ( cell>s1 y mu/ c]ta9ly h m ?an once obs]v$ a t9y creature ( ! =m ( a horse-bean1 ( a gray lead5 col\r1 & suppli$ ) a consid]able numb] ( feet4 ,?is la/ *>act]i/ic w induce y imm$iately to ab&on ! idea t y h be=e y an insect4 ,cat* hold ( x1 & c\nt its feet4 ,well said2 b x runs mu* m quickly ?an ,i w\ld h suspect$ f its previ\sly dilatory movem5ts4 ,because x kn[s t dang] ?reat5s x1 in/9ct impels x to escape at its utmo/ spe$4 ,d n be afraid to h&le x2 ! poor creature c d y no h>m4 ,unable to escape1 x c\nt]feits dea?1 & rema9s p]fectly immovable4 ,n[ exam9e x4 ,x has f\rte5 feet1 symmetrically arrang$ 9 c\ples2 _! size p]ceptibly increases f ! fir/ to ! la/4 ,:5 ! animal is at re/1 !y are coil$ inside1 s z to =m an angle ^: op5+ faces ! m$ial l9e4 ,b "h is some?+ mu* m curi\s2 its body1 :i* does n possess ! ve/ige ( a w+1 is also )\t ^? segm5ts :i* w\ld divide x visibly1 z 9 ! case ( insects1 into head1 ?orax1 & abdom52 b is compos$ ( r+s1 h>d & scaly1 l ^? ( a %rimp4 ,c x be a cru/acean8 ,yes2 ! animal y hold 9 y\r h&1 & :i* ev]ybody knew by ! "n ( wood-l\se long be=e our naturali/s knew h[ to classify x1 belongs to ! great animal division ( ! ,articulata1 :i*1 in/ead ( hav+ _! skeleton inside ! body1 l ! ,v]tebrates1 h x ext]nally4 ,! ,cru/acea =m a class ( ?is division1 to :i* also belong ! ,insects1 ! ,ara*nida1 & ! ,myriapoda4 ,let u cont9ue to anatomise our cru/acean4 ,9 front ( its fir/ r+ 7a transv]sal segm5t7 y see a little black head1 ) two lat]al bead-l eyes1 & a c\ple ( ant5n4 ,! latt] are ea* compos$ ( ?ree jo9ts1 :i* are extremely mobile2 _! base is cov]$ by ! edges ( ! slop+ head4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s r+s ( ! body are sev5 9 numb]2 _! lat]al bord]s are po9t$ 9 front1 & r\nd$ beh9d4 ,b1 if y look closely1 y w see "s o!r r+s1 a little less project+ ?an ! =m]2 !y circumscribe ! abdom9al region1 ! belly1 prop]ly s call$1 9 :i* ! inte/9es are lodg$4 ,^! r+s1 or abdom9al segm5ts1 are six 9 numb]2 b !y h n all ! same =m4 ,! "o :i* occupies ! tail is triangul>1 po9t$1 & surr\nd$ by f\r 7caudal7 app5dages4 ,! ?ree next segm5ts1 c\nt+ f ! front to ! re>1 are prolong$ lat]ally 9 a v m>k$ mann]2 ! two ant]ior1 on ! contr>y1 h no su* di/9ction4 ,z = ! caudal app5dages1 ! two out] ones are v /rong1 conical1 & compos$ ( two articulations1 :ile ! inn]1 situat$ above ! =m]1 are frail1 cyl9drical1 & t]m9at$ by a tuft ( hairs1 :5ce issues a visc\s liquid4 7,see ,fig4 #ce1 a47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4 ,! ,wood-,l\se4 ,an enum]ation ( ^! *>act]i/ics is t$i\s1 b necess>y = ! det]m9ation ( ! g5us & ! species4 ,!y belong to ! ,oniscus asellus1 or common wood-l\se4 ,b :y1 y ask1 :y su* a /range conjunction ( names1--"o ,greek1 1 ! o!r ,lat91 asellus8 ,bo? c>ry ! same mean+3 :y n1 !n1 h call$ our t9y cru/acean an ass-ass 7if su* a comp\nd be possible78 ,:y1 nei!r close at h& nor at a di/ance1 has x ! slighte/ resemblance to an ass2 & to say t we h only borr[$ ^! names f ! anci5ts1 is nei!r an explanation nor a ju/ification4 ,b we h n yet done ) ! wood-lice4 ,are ^! int]e/+ little creatures 7!y are int]e/+1 are !y n87 ovip>\s or vivip>\s8 ,i defy y to %[ me any:]e a s+le wood-l\se's egg4 ,h ! pati5ce to obs]ve our cru/aceans m ne>ly4 ,among ! cr[d1 y w rem>k "s--!y are ! females--) a k9d ( membrane\s p\* und]nea? ! body1 /ret*+ f ! head to ! fif? pair ( legs4 ,! pellicle :i* =ms ?is p\* is s ?91 & s transp>5t1 t y c di/+ui% ! eggs )9 x4 ,^! eggs1 in/ead ( be+ expell$ = incubation1 rema9 9 ! "m's p\* until !y are hat*$4 ,at t felicit\s mom5t1 ! membran\s bag splits cross-wise1 longitud9ally & transv]sally1 to p]mit ! em]g5ce ( ! "y wood-lice4 ,! latt] are extremely small1 & 9 =m resemble no?+ 9 ! _w s mu* z a little :ite l9e 7,fig4 #ce1 b74 ,!y diff] f _! p>5ts only 9 hav+ "o pair ( feet1 & "o r+ less ?an !y h4 ,!y und]go no metamorphoses4 ,aft] _! bir?1 ! little ones1 :i* h proportionally v l>ge ant5n1 d n imm$iately sep>ate f _! "m4 ,by a wond]ful act ( =e?\ght on ! "p ( ,nature1#ef !y keep !mselves conceal$ 9 ! middle ( ! respiratory lam91 :i* g>ni% ! "u "p ( ! tail4 ,! specific *>act]s ( ! ,oniscus asellus are tol]ably well def9$4 ,by its r+s ( d>k gray1 a little light] at ! edges1 :i* =m = x an articulat$1 glossy c>apace1 m>k$ ) :ite spots1 longitud9ally arrang$2 by ! uni=m pale gray col\r ( its belly & its legs1 cov]$ ) scatt]$ hairs2 &1 p>ticul>ly1 by its habits1 our wood-l\se1 :i* ! ,g]mans call cell>-l\se 7,kell]laus71 is di/+ui%$ f its k9dr$ species1 ( :i* naturali/s h made di/9ct g5]a4 ,?us1 ! asellus f\nd g5]ally "u /ones1 :i* c\nt]feits dea? by roll+ itself up 9 a ball l a h$gehog1 & w r suff] itself to be cru%$ ?an unfold1 is ! ,oniscus armadillo1 :i* "s naturali/s trans=m into ! ,armadillo vulg>is4 7,see ,fig4 #cf47 ,?is species pref]s ! solitude ( ! field to inhabit$ places4 ,its body is consid]ably exp&$1 & its r+s d n t]m9ate 9 a po9t on _! lat]al & po/]ior edges4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4 ,oniscus armadillo4 ,ano!r species1 equally common und]nea? /ones1 has its head & tail cov]$ ov] ) granulations2 its ant5n are compos$ ( sev5 jo9ts1 ( :i* ! f\r? & fif? are p]ceptibly situat$ l5g?wise4 ,?is is ! ,oniscus granulatus ( "s entomologi/s2 o!rs h designat$ x ! ,porcellio scab]4 ,:y n simplify ! /udy ( species8 ,! wood-lice seem to live ^u decompos$ vegetable matt]4 ,b 9 default ( o!r food1 !y dev\r _! own k9d2 9 ?is respect resembl+ be+s :o are suppos$ to rank mu* high] 9 ! animal hi]>*y4 ,9 ! ph>macopia ( ! anci5ts our wood-lice f\nd a place4 ,r$uc$ into p[d]1 & mix$ ) v>i\s sub/ances1 !y 7 prescrib$ z diuretic & ap]i5t2 b !y 7 long ago ab&on$ 9 m$ic9e4 ,,! ,,dragon-,,flies 7,libellul74 ,9 walk+ along ! banks ( a riv]1 y mu/ frequ5tly h se5 hov]+ ar\nd y a cl\d ( insects1 :om y w\ld readily take to be butt]flies1 7 n y arre/$ 9 y\r conjecture by ! l>g5ess ( _! head1 ! l5g? ( _! body1 ! =m ( _! vivid1 diaphan\s1 gauze-l w+s1 &1 g5]ally1--:i* w mo/ a/oni% y1--by _! c>nivor\s in/9cts4 ,y h ab\t y & be=e1 !n1 n butt]flies1 b ,dragon-flies--! ,libellul ( naturali/s4 ,!y are ! demoiselles1 or ladies1 ( ! ,fr5*2 s call$1 p]haps1 9 allusion to _! airy & graceful flight4 ,among ^! ,libellul1 "o is call$ ,eleanora4 ,if %e does n %9e s brightly z ! o!rs--if h] col\rs are less brilliant--%e has1 at lea/1 ! advantage ( be+ s common t y c easily obta9 a specim54 ,b1 fir/1 let u pause to ?9k ( ! /range dissimil>ity 9 ! names be/[$ on ! ,libellul by ! ,engli% & ,fr5* respectively4 ,!y are ! ,dragon-flies ( ! =m]1--fi]ce1 rapaci\s1 =midable2 ! ,ladies ( ! latt]1--elegant1 light1 & radiant4 ,"h we h a glimpse ( national "*4 ,) ! ,fr5*man1 appe>ance c\nts = s mu*2 ) ! ,engli%man1 ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ! reality4 ,yet our ,engli% poets c appreciate _! gay ext]ior4 ,moore speaks ( !m z-- ,^? bright ?+s :i* h _! dwell+ ,:]e ! little /reams are well+6 ,poor ,cl>e1 ! ,nor?ampton%ire poet1 correctly /udi$-- ,! great dragon-fly ) gauzy w+s1 ,9 gild$ coat ( purple1 gre51 & br[n1 ,t on broad leaves ( hazel bask+ cl+s4 ,& ,m>y ,h[itt has se5 !m-- ,"h & !re !y d>t1 ,& flu% l gleams ( gre5 & azure light4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--,! ,common ,dragon-fly4 ,beautiful z !y are1 !y mu/ be rank$ among ,nature's fi]ce/ & mo/ insatiable de/roy]s4 ,!y are ! t]ror ( ! insect _w4 ,on ?is po9t we %all h]eaft] enl>ge1 b be=e ,i =get x1 ,i w\ld fa9 relate an anecdote1 9 illu/ration ( _! voracity1 :i* ,i h read some:]e or o!r4 ,a naturali/ rec\nts ) :at int]e/ he has (t5 wat*$ ! proce$+s ( ! dragon-fly4 ,he has se5 x1 9 a locality :]e :ite butt]flies 7 num]\s1 d>t d[n z a hawk ^u a qu>ry1 seize ) its legs a firm hold ( a butt]fly1 & c>ry x to a bran* ( an adjo9+ tree4 ,9 a mom5t "o ( ! :ite w+s w\ld drop f ! b\ghs1 & !n ano!r w\ld come wav]+ d[nw>ds1 & s on1 until all f\r _h fall52 & ! dragon-fly1 aft] a %ort pause1 w\ld aga9 d>t =? 9 pursuit ( a fre% victim4 ,he nev] laun*$ himself on 8 prey :5 on a p]fect horizontal l9e ) x2 b took c>e to be ei!r some:at high]1 or some:at l[]1 s t he c\ld seize x ) 8 feet4 ,b n[ let u consid] by :at *>act]i/ics ! read] is to recognise 8 ,libellul4 ,! eyes are v l>ge1 ! size ( ! insect consid]$2 ( a br[n col\r1 & ne>ly jo9$ toge!r at ! top ( ! head2 9 front ( ?is po9t ( junction a t9y vesicle is visible1 c>ry+ ?ree ocelli 7i4e41 little1 simple1 glossy eyes71 two on ea* side1 & ! ?ird on ! ant]ior m>g93 ! ?orax is l>ge1 hairy1 & compos$ ( two yell[ plates2 ! abdom5 lat]ally depress$1 9 su* a mann] z to give great prom95ce to ! m$ial l9e4 ,?is la/ & well-m>k$ feature x is :i* has procur$ = ! ,eleanora ! sci5tific "n ( ,libellula depressa1--a "n propos$ by ,l9nu1 & unanim\sly adopt$2 su* unanimity be+ a r>e occurr5ce among naturali/s1 ?\gh1 to p>ody a phrase ( ,%]idan's1 :5 naturali/s d agree1 x is some?+ wond]ful6 ,9 ! male ,libellul1 ! upp] surface ( ! abdom5 is blui% 9 hue1 & cov]$ z x 7 ) an a%y du/1 :ile 9 ! female x is olive2 9 bo? sexes ! fir/ & la/ abdom9al segm5t are ( a deep] %ade ?an ! o!r segm5ts4 ,! feet are black1 & bri/le all ov] ) /iff hairs2 ! ?ighs are ( a br[ni% r$4 ,! two pairs ( w+s1 ea* /rongly reticulat$1 pres5t1 t[>ds ! extremity ( ! upp] bord]1 a black rectangul> spot2 _! base1 moreov]1 is edg$ ) br[n spots2 ! spots ( ! l[] pair are triangul> & l>g] ?an ^? ( ! upp] pair1 :i* are ne>ly l9e>4 ,!y =m1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! res]voir ( ! liquid :i* n\ri%es & ma9ta9s ! circulation ( ! network ( ! w+s4 ,! ,libellula1 :i* ,ge(froy calls 79 8 ,hi/oire des ,insectes7 ! ,phil9ta1 is simply ! male ( ! species we h j be5 describ+4 ,y may see !m ,:]e wat]-lilies m\nt _! sn[y buds1 pursu+ "o ano!r ) an abrupt1 j]k+--,i _h almo/ said /accato--flight4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a species less common ?an ! prec$+1 b closely resembl+ x1 is ! ,franoise ( ,ge(froy1 ! ,libellula quadrimaculata ( ,l9nu4 ,x owes its descriptive or specific designation to ! col\rs :i* div]sify its w+s4 ,on ! out] edge ( ea*1 two br[n m>g9al spots are conspicu\s3 ! fir/ at ! place :]e 9 ! ,eleanora 7& o!r species7 ! black spot is f\nd1 & ! second ne>ly 9 ! c5tre ( ! ext]nal bord]1 :i*1 at ?is po9t1 is consid]ably compress$2 moreov]1 ! l[] w+s are m>k$1 b5ea? _! yell[ base1 ) a k9d ( triangul> spot ( blacki% br[n1 f9ely reticulat$ ) yell[4 ,ext]nally1 !re is no diff]5ce ( appe>ance betwe5 male & female1 except t ! abdom5 ( ! latt] is some:at ! l>g]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[ we come to ! ,sylvia1 ! ,libellula cancellata ( ,l9nu4 ,its eyes & ?orax we> a gre5i% hue2 ! diaphan\s w+s are spott$ ) br[n ne> ! out] m>g92 ! abdom5 is ( a blui%-gray2 ! extremity ( ! six? segm5t1 & ! foll[+ segm5ts1 are :olly black4 ,! ,julia1 or ,libellula gr&is 7,l9n471 has be5 sep>at$ f ! ,libellul by ! great entomologi/s1 su* z ,fabricius & ,latreille1 & includ$ 9 ! g5us ,ae%na 7,phbus1 :at a "n671 pres]v+ ! descriptive adjective gr&is4 ,:at are ! reasons put =w>d to ju/ify ?is sep>ation8 ,pr9cipally1 ! =m ( ! abdom51 & ! position ( ^? little smoo? & simple eyes1 l t9y pe>ls or pe>lets1 :i* we call ocelli4 ,9 ! ,libellul1 prop]ly s call$1 ! ocelli1 ?ree 9 numb]1 are situat$ on ei!r side & on ! ext]ior m>g9 ( a k9d ( semi-triangul> vesicle1 & ! abdom5 is slightly depress$1 & n unlike a club2 :ile 9 ! ,ae%n ! ocelli are plac$ on a simple keel-%ap$ transv]sal embossm5t1 & ! abdom5 is n>r[1 elongat$1 & almo/ cyl9drical4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,ae%na gr&is 7or ! ,julia7 is "o ( ! l>ge/ ( ! ,briti% species4 ,its head is l>ge1 & its eyes are ( a br[n col\r %ad+ into blue2 ! yell[ ?orax has two bright yell[ b&s or /ripes obliquely pa9t$ on ea* side4 ,! abdom5 is ( a r$di% or ev5 ru/y br[n2 g5]ally spott$ ) :ite & yell[ at ! top & bottom ( ea* w+4 ,?is species haunts ! vic9ity ( /reams & sil5t pools4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we come1 9 due ord]1 to ! ,ae%na =cipata1 or ,c>ol9a1 ) its dirty yell[ head1 & its gre5i%-yell[ ?orax1 ! latt] m>k$ on ea* side ) ?ree oblique l9es ( black3 ! abdom5 is black1 & compos$ ( segm5ts lat]ally spott$ ) yell[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,libellula1 :i* ! illu/ri\s ,ge(froy designates ,l\isa1 is1 accord+ to mod]n entomologi/s1 nei!r a ,libellula nor a ,ae%na1 b a species ( ,ag>ion1--! ,ag>ion virgo 7,libellula virgo1 ,l9n47 ,! ,ag>ions are di/+ui%able f ! ,libellula & ! ,ae%na by _! rem>kably ?91 fili=m1 & exce$+ly elongat$ abdom51 & by ! ?ree ocelli arrang$ triangle-wise on ! top ( ! head4 ,! ,l\isa 7,ag>ion virgo7 is by no means uncommon 9 ,engl&1 & may be f\nd along ! upp] c\rse ( ! ,?ames1 ! ,avon1 & o!r riv]s4 ,x is easily recognis$ by its frail sl5d] body1 %9+ ) metallic blue reflexes4 ,!re are num]\s v>ieties1 di/+ui%$ by _! v>ieties ( light & %ade4 ,! spotless gre5-w+$ species is ! ,ulrica ( ,ge(froy4 ,! two sexes are n alike4 ,9 ! c5tre ( _! delicately-reticulat$ w+s ! males h a l>ge blui%-br[n spot1 :i* is want+ 9 ! females4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--,male & ,female ( ! ,ag>ion virgo4 ,! g5]a ,libellula1 ,ae%na1 & ,ag>ion compose ! small family ( ! ,libellulites--a family pla9ly & conspicu\sly *>act]is$ by ! size ( _! head1 & by ! two pairs ( diaphan\s w+s ( almo/ equal dim5sions 7! po/]ior pair is a little %ort] ?an ! ant]ior71 :i*1 :ile ! animal is at re/1 are kept horizontally ext5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--;,a sunny pool1 half-fr+$ ) trees4 ,^! are ! *>act]i/ics :i* pres5t !mselves to ! obs]vant eye at ! fir/ glance4 ,d y d\bt me8 ,betake y\rself1 :5 ,! bird is build+ 9 ! tree1 ,& ! fl[] has op5$ to ! bee1-- betake y\rself1 ,i say1 to any sunny pool1 half-fr+$ ) trees1 or pleasant riv]-m>g92 g1 arm$ ) net & microscope1 &1 hav+ secur$ a specim5 ( ^! t]rors ( ! insect _w1 :]e ,! /rong on weak1 cunn+ on simple1 prey1 devote y\rself to its pati5t exam9ation4 ,x is only su* an exam9ation t c reveal to u "s equally important1 b less obvi\s features ( ! insect4 ,b to cat* a ,dragon-fly is n always an easy task2 ! ,libellul are v timor\s1 or else !y are suspici\s ( ! pr[l+ naturali/ :o seeks :at he c entrap4 ,_! flight is liveli] & swift] ?an ev5 t ( ! butt]fly3 :5 di/urb$ 9 _! repose1 !y fly away abruptly1 _! w+s ru/l+ or crackl+ l a %eet ( p>*m5t2 if ob/9ately pursu$1 !y gr[ irritat$1 & 9 _! quick j]k+ movem5ts exhibit all ! rage ( ! ,c>nivora4 ,b c our ,libellul be c>nivor\s8 ,mo/ und\bt$ly4 ,to conv9ce y\rself ( x1 y h b to glance at _! m\?1 :i* is :olly unlike a butt]fly's4 ,:at an ars5al ( weapons adapt$ = seiz+ & cru%+ a victim6 ,h[ /rong are ^? saw-too!d scaly m&ibles6 ,h[ /rong _! auxili>ies1 ! jaws1 :i* t]m9ate 9 t d5tat$ spr+ projection1 furni%$ int]nally ) cili6 ,surely1 su* in/rum5ts te/ify to _! f]oci\s in/9cts1 & %\ld induce our ,fr5* neighb\rs to d5y !m ! graceful "n ( les demoiselles4 ,:at a libel on t5d] woman1--on man's m9i/]+ angel6 ,d b obs]ve !m4 ,!y d n re/ ^u ! blossom to extract its nect>$ sweets2 9 tru?1 !y c\ld n d s1 = !y are n furni%$ ) a proboscis4 ,w>like z ! ,amazons1--! only portion ( ! female sex !y c ju/ly be said to resemble1--!y hov] 9 ! air to p\nce1 l vultures1 ^u :atev] insects may come )9 _! rea*2 !y quickly transfix1 & z quickly dev\r !m4 ,if !y love to fly ab\t ! pools1 ! m>%es1 & ! /reams1 x is because !y are sure ( prey 9 ^! localities4 ,&1 9 fact1 !y !re enc\nt] & dev\r an innum]able quantity ( flies1 mo?s1 gnats1 & ! l4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b !re is ano!r reason :y ! ,dragon-flies1 obey+ ! secret impulse ( nature1 resort to ! haunts we h be5 describ+4 ,!y 7 _! cradles or nurs]ies1 & !y become1 9 due "t1 ! sc5es ( _! esp\sals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e speak+ ( ! s+ul> metamorphosis !y aft]w>ds accompli%1 we mu/ t\* lightly on ! subject ( ! mode ( reproduction ( our brilliant demoiselles4 ,x is laid d[n z a law t1 9 ! insect _w1 ! males are inv>iably small] or weak] ?an ! females4 ,yet ?is law does n hold good ) ref]5ce to ! ,libellul1 ^: males are1 on ! contr>y1 l>g] & /rong] ?an _! females4 ,man may lay d[n laws1 & extort ob$i5ce to !m1 )9 8 own doma92 b nature laughs at human rules1 & gives up h] secrets only to ! free ?\ght1 un%ackl$ by ! fett]s ( au?ority4 ,b :y is ! male ,dragon-fly /rong] ?an ! female8 ,because ! =m] mu/ make ! fir/ advances1 & c>ry (f 8 arial companion to celebrate _! bridal4 ,= ?is purpose1 he holds h] tightly by ! neck1 & cont9ues to fly 9 ?is way = "s few m9utes4 ,at l5g?1 he p]*es himself on ! bran* ( a will[1 or ! leaf ( an aquatic plant1 along ) 8 companion4 ,! eggs laid by ! female are oblong 9 %ape1 & sometimes unit$ toge!r 9 clu/]s3 ! female deposits !m 9 ! wat]1 or on "s wat]-float$ leaf plant1 %ortly aft] _! fecundation4 ,,metamorphosis ,,( ,,! ,,dragon-,,fly4 ,to-day ,i saw ! ,dragon-fly ,come f ! wells :]e he did lie2 ,an inn] impulse r5t ! veil ,by 8 old husk3 f head to tail ,came out cle> plates ( sapphire mail4 ,he dri$ 8 w+s3 l gauze !y grew1 ,?r\gh cr(t & pa/ure wet ) dew1 ,a liv+ fla% ( light he flew4 --,,t5nyson4 ,if 9 y\r walks abroad y %\ld meet ) a pool ( turbid wat]1 d n object to l+] = a mom5t on its br9k4 ,nature1 z a rew>d = y\r tr\ble1 w gratify y ) an extraord9>y surprise4 ,/ir up ! mud ) a /ick1 or1 bett] /ill1 ) y\r h&2 & !n1 z ! *ildr5 say1 y %all see--:at y %all see6 ,oh1 :at an ugly creature is /ruggl+ 9 ?is h&ful ( slime6 ,x looks l a l>ge spid]6 ,nay1 exam9e x m att5tively2 x c d y no h>m4 ,well1 x is a s+ul> animal2 gre5i% 9 col\r1 bri/l+ ) hairs1 & cov]$ ) mud4 ,x is n a spid]1 = x has only six legs & ^! are exactly l ! legs ( insects4 ,i c di/9ctly make out ?ree jo9ts 7articulations7 to ea* t>sus1 :i* t]m9ates 9 a simple hook4 ,! belly is =m$ ( regul> segm5ts2 is r\nd$ above1 & flat und]nea?4 ,:at d ,i see8 ,on ! top1 & ne>ly 9 ! middle1 ea* r+ is arm$ ) a sp9e1 s t ! r[ ( sp9y projections rem9d "o ( ! back ( a crocodile4 ,pray tell me1 :at is ?is curi\s creature8 ,be=e ,i tell y1 ,i w\ld h y m ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) x4 ,cont9ue y\r exam9ation4 ,! face has a /range expression2 x looks--! insect1 ,i mean--l a mask$ knight4 ,its mask1 =m$ ( a scaly sub/ance & ?or\ghly compact1 is compos$ ( two pieces1 :i* are sep>at$ f "o ano!r by a transv]sal suture3 ! upp]1 :i* is broad] ?an x is high1 we may call ! vizor2 x consi/s ( two lobes1 sold]$ toge!r longitud9ally2 ! l[]1 :i* is high] ?an x is broad1 w be ! *9-piece2 x is triangul> 9 %ape1 & its base re/s aga9/ ! vizor1 :ile ! summit is jo9t$ or articulat$ ) a support1 :i* acts z a h+e :5 ! mask is rais$ or l[]$4 ,^! movem5ts1 let me tell y1 are volunt>y2 ! animal raises its mask to arre/ on _! way ! ,infusoria & o!r animalcules on :i* x fe$s4 ,= cru%+ !m1 x is provid$ ) /rong m&ibles1 :i* y c detect by l[]+ ! mask ) a p91 or ! po9t ( a p5knife4 ,! eyes1 :i* resemble little mammill>y protub]ances1 are situat$ above & outside ( ! vizor4 ,on ! animal's back1 :]e ! belly jo9s ! ?orax1 d y obs]ve ^? f\r little %ea?-l or scabb>d-l tongues8 ,! extremity ( ! body1 ! tail1 is m>k$ by ?ree conspicu\s triangul> po9ts1 ly+ close to ! op5+1 ?r\gh :i* ! wat] ent]s & issues1 z if x 7 alt]nately suck$ 9 & p\r$ out by a pi/on4 ,?is1 y mu/ und]/&1 is ! respiratory app>atus4 7,see ,fig4 #dj47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--,l>va ( ! ,libellula depressa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--,l>va ( ! ,ag>ion virgo4 ,well1 !n1 :at is ! "n ( ?is mo/ s+ul> creature1 ?is mask$ knight8 ,x is ! l>va ( ! ,libellula depressa2 ! dismal envelope :5ce w issue ! gaudy ,dragon-fly4 ,li/5 to a graphic description ( ! mask y are look+ at3-- ,conceive y\r "u-lip to be horny in/ead ( fle%y1 & to be elongat$ p]p5dicul>ly d[nw>ds1 s z to wrap ov] y\r *9 & ext5d to its bottom2 t ?is elongation is !re exp&$ into a triangul> convex plate atta*$ to x by a jo9t1 s z to b5d upw>ds aga9 & fold ov] ! face z high z ! nose1 conceal+ n only ! *9 & ! fir/-m5tion$ elongation1 b ! m\? & "p ( ! *eeks2 conceive1 moreov]1 t to ! end ( ?is la/-m5tion$ plate are fix$ two o!r convex ones1 s broad z to cov] ! nose & temples2 t ^! c op5 at pleasure transv]sely1 l a pair ( jaws1 s z to expose ! nose & m\?1 & t _! inn] edges1 :]e !y meet1 are cut into num]\s %ort tee?1 or sp9es1 or arm$ ) "o or m %>p claws2--y w !n h z accurate an idea z any p[]s ( description c give y ( ! /range con=mation ( ! "u-lip ( ! l>va ( ^? insects1 :i* conceals ! m\? & face precisely z ,i h suppos$ a simil> con/ruction ( y\r lip w\ld d y\rs4 ,:5 at re/1 ?is mask applies closely to & cov]s ! face2 :5 !y w\ld make use ( x1 !y unfold x l an arm1 cat* ! prey at :i* !y aim by means ( ! m&ibuli=m plates1 & !n p>tly refold x1 s z to hold ! prey to ! m\? 9 ! mo/ conv5i5t position = ! op]ation ( ! two pairs ( jaws ) :i* !y are provid$4 ,& s ! creature ,i h be5 exam9+ is only a l>va6 ,h[ /range to comp>e x1--?ick1 ugly1 unwieldy1--) ! insect t issues f x1 s arial1 s graceful1 s light1 s beautiful6 ,! m ,i ?9k ( ! contra/1 ! m x int]e/s me4 ,?is l>va1 h[ev]1 has all ! *>act]i/ics ( a p]fect insect1 & ,i w wag] t m ?an "o obs]v] has describ$ x z su*1 & classifi$ x among aquatic insects4 ,yet x is b a l>va6 ,& ea* species has its own special l>va 7see ,figs4 #dj & #da74 ,?is seems to me z difficult to believe z if y told me t ,john1 ,james1 ,pet]1--9 fact1 all m51--7 only tempor>y bodies f :i* m p]fect be+s w\ld "o day em]ge4 ,= ! m$ium 9 :i* ^! mask$ creatures live1--! tr\bl$ & muddy m$ium = :i* !y are adapt$ by _! organisation1 & 9 :i* !y seem de/9$ to live out _! life1--diff]s :olly & absolutely f ! arial m$ium :]e91 y tell me1 !y w "o day rejoice4 ,d y see1 on ! br9k ( ! pond1 ^? dri$-up bodies8 ,!y are ^? ( y\r aquatic insects1 ! mortal rema9s ( ,libellulites2 !y h r5t op5 _! ve/1 z y w\ld d a g>m5t :i* _h become too n>r[2 ! r5t is v conspicu\s along ! back2 & ?r\gh ! fissure issue ! w+$ & arial resuscitat$ ,dragon-flies1 summon$ to live 9 a _w diff]+ s widely f _! =m] "o6 ,"u ! tongues 7 fold$ up ! w+s1 & ! mask t puzzl$ y s greatly is split op5 on ! level ( ! sutures1 s z to repres5t a 1 want+ only a h&le to reproduce "o ( ^? hi]oglyphics 77 :i* are f\nd s frequ5tly on ! ,egyptian monum5ts1 & :i*1 accord+ to "s ,egyptologi/s1 signify et]nal life4 ,& "h1 my fri5d & companion1 we may take leave ( ,! great ,dragon-fly ) gauzy w+s4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #dj3 ,! be/ means ( asc]ta9+ ! coexi/5ce ( an asc5d+ & desc5d+ sap h be5 indicat$ 9 ,! ,circle ( ! ,ye>1 pp4 #afc-h4 ,footnote #da3 ,see ! ,botanis*e ,zeitung 7,botanical ,gazette7 = ! ye>s #ahec1 #ahef1 #ahei1 & #ahfa4 ,footnote #db3 ,boehm1 ,sur la ,cause de l',asc5sion de la ,sve1 ,mmoire communiqu l',acadmie des ,sci5ces de ,vi5ne1 juillet #ahfc4 ,footnote #dc3 ,*auc]4 ,footnote #dd3 ,pl9y1 ,hi/oria ,naturalis1 xxvi4 #e4 ,footnote #de3 ,see ,! ,circle ( ! ,ye>4 ,footnote #df3 ,*omel1 ,hi/oire des ,plantes ,usuelles1 ii4 #bhb4 ,footnote #dg3 ,t\rne=t1 ,hi/oire des ,plantes1 i4 #ajc4 ,footnote #dh3 ,g>idel1 ,hi/oire des plantes qui naiss5t aux environs d',aix1 p4 #ef4 ,footnote #di3 ,pi$1 t is1 v>i-col\r$1 motley-coat$4 ,footnote #ej3 ,see also ,%elley's ,s5sitive ,plant1 c4 ,footnote #ea3 ,?is is common en\gh 9 ,g]many & ,france1 especially 9 ! v9ey>ds1 b v r>e 9 ,engl&4 ,footnote #eb3 ,s we say1 frett$ ro(4 ,footnote #ec3 ,:5 ! spike be>s num]\s fl[]s1 surr\nd$ by a spa!1 or %ea?+ bract1 x is call$ a spadix4 ,footnote #ed3 ,bosc1 a di/+ui%$ naturali/1 di$ 9 #ahbh1 ag$ #fi4 ,9 ! m9i/ry ( ,rol&1 he accept$ ! delicate po/ ( adm9i/rator ( prisons2 0 proscrib$ aft] ! t]rible ev5ts ( ,may #ca1 #agic2 & lay conceal$1 along ) ,l>veillire-,lpaux1 = sev]al weeks 9 ! =e/ ( ,montmor5cy4 ,footnote #ee3 ,! se$s ( ! latt] are us$ 9 ! ,ea/1 :]e !y are m pung5t ?an 9 our cold climates1 in/ead ( pepp]4 ,!y are ?\ght to be ! cumm9 allud$ to 9 ,scripture1 :]e our ,savi\r reprov$ ! ,ph>isees = _! s+ul>ity 9 m9or ?+s1 & _! neglect ( important duties4 ,footnote #ef3 ,t is1 ! ,creative ,p[] :i*1 9 common p>lance1 we *oose to call ,nature4 ,,book ,,iii4 ,,summ]4 ,bless$1 ?rice bless$ is ! man ) :om ,! g5]\s prodigality ( nature1 ,! balm1 ! bliss1 ! beauty1 & ! bloom1 ,! b\nte\s provid5ce 9 e feature1 ,recall ! good ,creator to ,8 creature1 ,mak+ all e>? a fane1 all heav5 its dome6444 ,! sod's a cu%ion = 8 pi\s want1 ,& consecrat$ by ! heav5 )9 x1 ,! sky-blue pool1 a font2 ,ea* cl\d-capp$ m\nta9 is a holy alt>2 ,an organ brea!s 9 e grove1 ,& ! full he>t's a psalt]1 ,ri* 9 deep hymns ( gratitude & love4 --,,?omas ,,hood4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! poetry ( ,e>? is nev] dead4444 ,a ?+ ( beauty is a joy = ev]4 --,,keats4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,9 ,,! ,,heav5s4 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be light2 & !re 0 light4 --,,g5esis4 ,a s\nd ( song ,b5ea? ! vault ( ,heav5 is bl[n4 --,,goe!4 ,illu/ration ,! unequal duration ( ,day & ,night1 ! succession & regul> return ( ! seasons1 all ! ph5om5a obs]vable ^u ! e>?1 are b ! effects ( a cause :i* we mu/ seek 9 ! heav5s4 ,x is impossible to expla9 !m unless we contemplate x on high1 relegat+ our planet into ! great *orus ( ! worlds1 :]e x holds b a mode/ rank4 ,only1 to p]=m ?is miracle1 we mu/ = a mom5t repress 9 ourselves ! s5ses :i* deceive u by _! exagg]ation or appe>ances1 & give free c\rse to enlight5$ ?\ght4 ,x is by ?is means alone t we c succe$ 9 fully demon/rat+ ! close & p]petual relation%ip :i* exi/s betwe5 our planet & ! o!r sph]es compos+ :at we call ! ,sol> ,sy/em4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p]mit u "h a p>5!sis1 or1 %all we say1 a digression8 ,! :ole secret ( sci5ce1 ! :ole secret ( human k--9 tru?1 ! :ole future ( humanity--lies 9 ^! two words--,enlight5$ ,?\ght4 ,& "h1 g5tle read]1 ,i solicit y\r assi/ance 9 endeav\r+ to elucidate a "q :i* has a = a long "t puzzl$ me4 ,:y d we apply ! ^w light to t :i* sets 9 motion ! eye ( ! body1 & to t :i* induces ! op]ation ( ! eye ( ! m9d1--to ! s+ul>ly my/]i\s physical ag5t )\t ^: int]v5tion all ! ext]nal _w w\ld be to man a dream or a void1 z well z to ! /ill m my/]i\s moral ag5t :i* illum9ates ! _w )98 ,i anticipate y\r answ]4 ,! light1 y say1 :i* op5s up to me ! mat]ial _w is a reality2 ! o!r is only an image4 ,& x is true t ?is is ! solution :i* fir/ pres5ts itself to ! m9d4 ,b ! long] y reflect ^u x1 ! m y w be incl9$ to agree ) me t x is unsatisfactory4 ,:at1 !n1 means ?is agreem5t among all peoples1 pa/ & pres5t1 to designate by ! same words--z ,light ,to illum9ate ,obscurity ,to obscure ,%ad[ ,to ov]%ad[ ,morn+ ,to d>k5 ,day ,to cle> away ,twilight ,to bl9d ,gloom ,to cl\d --^? actions1 processes1 or op]ations :i* take place or are produc$ 9 ! out] _w1 physical or mat]ial1 & 9 ! inn] _w1 intellectual or moral4 ,7 y\r pret5d$ image ! result ( purely p]sonal impressions1--all p]sons are n equally apt 9 appreh5d+ ^? fictiti\s relations :i* are ! food ( poetry1--7 x1 9 a ^w1 no m ?an an individual conception1 &1 !re=e1 em95tly v>iable1 ,i %\ld n hesitate to accept y\r op9ion3 we %\ld simply be discuss+ :at are call$1 9 s*ola/ic language1 ! individual s5se 7s5s propre7 & ! imag9ative s5se 7s5s figur74 ,b !re exi/s ^u ?is po9t an unanim\s & univ]sal agreem5t3 all languages1 liv+ or dead1 atte/ x2 x embraces ! aggregate ( ! memb]s ( ! human family4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is is ! fir/ po9t :i* induces me to d\bt ! legitimacy ( ! propos$ explanation4 ,b ,i am confirm$ 9 my hesitation by num]\s o!r facts4 ,let u em]ge f ! doma9 ( rhetoric to ent] t ( exp]im5tal physiology & psy*ology4 ,too p[]ful a light bl9ds ! organs ( see+4 ,no mortal eye1 unless ) ! aid ( artificial appliances1 c gaze ^u ! sun1 ! great s\rce ( light4 ,if ! vision is to act cle>ly1 we mu/ proce$ /ep by /ep4 ,if f a v light ap>tm5t we pass rapidly1 & )\t transition1 into a d>k5$ room1 or vice v]s1 we feel tempor>ily bl9d$3 ! eye dem&s a %ort "t to recov]1 z x 71 f its a/oni%m5t4 ,if we fix our gaze = "o or two m9utes on a /> ( ! fir/ magnitude1 z1 = example1 ,sirius1 & aft]w>ds turn away abruptly1 ! eye w = a :ile rema9 ins5sible to />s ( a less int5se spl5d\r4 ,^! are inconte/able physiological facts1 :i* anybody may easily v]ify = himself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,well1 9 ! psy*ological ord] facts exi/ :i* are 9 all respects analog\s4 ,take "o ( ^? tru?s :i* ! human ?\ght1 lab\r+ g5]ation aft] g5]ation1 has tak5 c5turies to discov] or elucidate2 place x sudd5ly be=e an unprep>$ m9d2 h[ev] lum9\s may be ?is tru?1 x w be simply %ad[ & d>kness to ! m9d we speak (2 x w n compreh5d an iota ( x4 ,:y8 ,= ! v obvi\s reason t x lies outside its sph]e ( ideas1 9 e respect comp>able to ! sph]e ( vision1 beyond :i* & )9 :i* !re is no m room = ! s5sorial impressions4 ,!re1 z "h1 we mu/ proce$ gradually1 & arrange ! transitions s z to produce ! desir$ results4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x w\ld be easy = me to develop ?is p>allel by o!r & /ill m rem>kable facts2 b :at ,i h j said w suffice to %[ t ! l9e ( dem>cation :i* philosoph]s h1 ^u pr9ciple1 desir$ to trace betwe5 ! physical & moral ord]1 has turn$ ! m9d aside f _m f]tile fields ( rese>* & speculation4 ,let u cite an example4 ,! sun is ! visible c5tre ( light1 heat1 organic life2 9 f9e1 ( all ! movem5ts ( our mat]ial _w4 ,yet x is b a relative focus1 s9ce ! sun1 ) its planet>y tra91 revolves1 probably1 9 company ) o!r suns or sy/ems1 ar\nd a c5tre z yet unkn[n2 & z !re is no reason :y we %\ld pause 9 ?is cycloidal progression1 ?is second c5tre or focus ( sy/ems may revolve ar\nd a ?ird1 ! ?ird ar\nd a f\r?1 & s on4 ,?us we %all h an indet]m9ate s]ies ( relative c5tres2 = ! t]m does n exi/ ( :i* we c say1--!re is ! beg9n+1 or "h is ! end ( ! s]ies4 ,we d n meet ) ! absolute 9 ! mat]ial1 any m ?an 9 ! intellectual _w4 ,tru?1 by its p[] ( attraction1 sets 9 motion all ! :eels ( our und]/&+2 we seek aft] x eag]ly1 9 ! d\bt :i* torm5ts u1 9 ! obscurity :i* surr\nds u2 we all feel ! ne$ ( be+ enlight5$ by x1 & w>m$1 & revivifi$2 we all are 9 ne$ ( belief1 &1 at ! same "t1 ( possess+--let !re be no illusion 9 ?is respect--a c]ta9ty or demon/ration ( :at we believe4 ,b ! tru? :i* we ?9k our own does n leave ! m9d at re/2 a slight ef=t suffices1 9 fact1 to tea* u t ! tru? we accept dep5ds ^u ano!r & remot] tru?1 & t ! _w ( ?\ght is ?us c>ri$ onw>d 9 an int]m9able s]ies ( relative tru?s2 unless we f9d x m conv5i5t to pause "h at a prim>y cause1 z else:]e at a primordial c5tre1 :i* we may ev] id5tify ) ! prim>y cause4 ,b is ?is tru?1 suppos$ to be f9al1 capable ( satisfy+ equally e m9d8 ,) ?is "q1 de> read]1 ,i close my p>5!sis4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to und]/& cle>ly ! v>iable duration ( ! day at all po9ts ( ! t]re/rial surface1 let u s place ourselves z to see our planet di/9ctly 9 front4 ,i ne$ h>dly say t ?is invitation is n address$ to ! visual organs ( ! body1 b to ! m9d's eye1 ,horatio4 ,) ! =m]1 fix$ z we are on ! surface ( ! globe1 we c only see ! %ad[s ( objects /&+ out 9 relief ^u x1 & /ill1 ) ! sun at our back1 c p]ceive b a comp>atively insignificant portion4 ,) ! second1 on ! contr>y1 we may deta* ourselves f ! e>?1 may m\nt af> into space1 may plant ourselves on "s arial height1 :5ce we may embrace1 at a s+le glance1 all ! illum9at$ hemisph]e ( our globe3 we %all h b a s+le %ad[ on ! prospect1--t :i* our bright5$ planet ca/s beh9d x1 & :i*1 9 f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs1 trav]ses ! entire surface ( ! globe1 produc+ light :]ev] x passes4 99 99 99 99 99 ,hav+ complet$ our prep>ations1 let u note :at we p]ceive ) our eye ?us disjo9$ f our body1--an eye equally well adapt$ to fix e mov+ object1 & to see at any di/ance bodies extremely small1 or bodies extremely l>ge4 ,:at a m>vell\s eye6 ,& x is = u to develop its p[]1 & freely to increase its range4 ,:at an ardu\s task6 ,! lum9\s envelope1 ! photosph]e ( ! sun1 simultane\sly d>ts its rays 9 all directions1 ) an int5sity :i* dim9i%es ) ! squ>e ( ! di/ance4 ,let u foll[ ^? :i* direct _! c\rse t[>ds our planet4 ,s long z ! rays d n come into collision1 or /rike aga9/ resi/ant matt]1 !y nei!r w>m nor enlight54 ,confirm+ ! ,newtonian hypo!sis ( emission1 !y travel /raight z arr[s ?r\gh ! icy space1 ! %ad[y ocean 9 :i* ! waves ( ! t]re/rial atmosph]e are lo/4 ,b ! mom5t !y enc\nt] a mat]ial ob/acle1 ! rays p>tly p5etrate x1 & are p>tly ?r[n back1 9 su* a mann] z to =m a s]ies ( undulations l ^? :i* ! fall+ ( a /one into a pond produces4 ,z !y rec$e f ^! repeat$ %ocks1 ! rays come "u t !ory ( undulation :i* ,huyg5s promot$4#eg ,let u trace ! rays ( light back to _! orig94 ,^! enc\nt] fir/ ! globes ne>e/ to ! sun3 ! almo/ imp]ceptible a/]oids1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( ! sol> spl5d\r1 c sc>cely be detect$1 & :i*1 z yet1 h receiv$ no baptismal names4 ,yond] beams illum9ate o!r revolv+ globes1--,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ! ,e>?4 ,if we "h arre/ our gaze1 we are influ5c$ by a vague & m\rnful recollection2 ! ,e>? 0 our place ( soj\rn at an epo* :5 ?\ght1 =m]ly %ackl$1 _h become free4 ,x is ?us t a se$1 remov$ f ! /em :i* n\ri%$ x1 w&]s af> to diffuse & p]fect its species4 ,our planet1 ( an o*re\s yell[1 reliev$ ) gre5 & :ite1 possesses no special privileges2 x %>es 9 ! pond]at$ movem5ts ( ! sph]es2 x is nei!r ! l>ge/1 nor ! smalle/1 nor ! heavie/1 nor ! lighte/1 nor ! ne>e/ to1 nor ! f>!/ f1 ! sun4 ,& %all ,e>? alone1 ( all ! planets1 n\ri% t k9d ( ?9k+ se$ :i* we "n ! human race8 ,x seems improbable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b let u return to ! great orb ( light4 ,x illum9ates exactly "o half ( our e>?2 ! o!r half lies 9 %ade4 ,& z ! e>? rotates ^u its own axis1 e po9t ( its surface is necess>ily expos$ to ! action ( ! sol> rays4 ,?is action v>ies 9 duration & int5sity4 ,all ?is ,i 0 taught1 :5 ,i 0 /ill at s*ool on our revolv+ planet4 ,i rememb]1 too1 z a lesson le>n$ by he>t1 t1 "u ! ,equator1 or1 m exactly1 9 #j #j latitude1 z well z at ! ,poles1 or "u #ij latitude2 ! duration ( ! day is equal to t ( ! night1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t1 :ile "u ! ,equator1 a day ( twelve h\rs alt]nates inv>iably ) a night ( ! same duration1 at ! ,poles a day ( six mon?s succe$s cont9ually to a night ( six mon?s4 ,i also recollect t1 at a giv5 mom5t1 namely1 at ! spr+ & autumn equ9oxes1 ! duration ( ! day1 ov] all ! t]re/rial surface1 is equal to t ( ! night1 j z "u ! ,equator2 & t1 aft] ^! two epo*s1 "u ! int]m$i>y latitudes1 betwe5 ! ,equator & ! ,poles1 ! l5g? ( ! days & _! correspond+ nights v>ies accord+ to ! seasons2 t1 9 our nor!rn hemisph]e1 aft] ! spr+ equ9ox1 ! days increase :ile ! nights dim9i%1 to su* an ext5t t1 at ! summ] sol/ice1--#ba-bb ,june1--!y atta9 _! maximum ( l5g? 7& ! nights _! m9imum71 ! rev]se tak+ place dur+ ! p]iod t elapses betwe5 ! autumn equ9ox & ! w9t] sol/ice4 ,i rememb] t ,i le>n$ ^! data :5 ,i 0 liv+ root$ to or an*or$ ^u ! e>?2 b ! explanation :i* my ma/]s gave me 0 n s cle> z ,i c\ld h wi%$4 ,_! consid]ations on ! decl5sions ( ! sun1 on ! obliquity ( ! ecliptic1 on ! necessity ( exactly r$uc+ ! e>? to a simple po9t 9 relation to ! di/ance ( ! />s1 to ! end t ! ph5om5a occurr+ 7rapports7 on p>allel planes w\ld be ne>ly id5tical ) ^? obs]v$ f ! c5tre ( ! globe1 or f a po9t situat$ on its surface2 all ^! f9e ?+s1 :i* dem&$ a c]ta9 faculty ( geometrical intuition1 left a curi\s vagu5ess ( idea ^u my m9d4 ,i accept$ !m1 "u ! influ5ce ( au?ority1 z beyond discussion1 b ,i 0 by no means satisfi$ :5ev] ,i wi%$ to asc]ta9 _! f\ndation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b n[--9 ! regions ( space--ev]y?+ gr[s simple be=e ! m9d1 9 :i*1 app>5tly1 all my p[] ( ?\ght is conc5trat$4 ,behold ! illum9at$ atmosph]e2 x rem9ds me vividly ( ! disc ( ! full moon4 ,ah1 :at exquisite iris col\rs6 ,!y m>k ! meet+-po9ts ( ! bright ) ! obscur$ hemisph]e3 a circul> l9e c>ri$ ?r\gh all ^! po9ts w\ld exactly sep>ate day & night4 ,on ! "o side1 motion & life & gl[2 on ! o!r1 sil5ce & %ade & calm4 ,?is l9e moves1 c>ry+ ) x 9 its movem5t day & night1 ! illum9at$ & ! d>k5$ hemisph]e2 x moves f ea/ to we/1 s t ! bright hemisph]e & ! %ad[y "o1 ^: union =ms :at may be call$ ! photo-adumbrat$ sph]e1 revolves1 9 f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs1 r\nd an axis :i* co9cides at ?is mom5t--! #ba/ day ( ,m>*1 accord+ to ! t]re/rial worms1--) ! axis ( ! e>? rotat+ on itself 9 an inv]se direction1 t is to say1 f we/ to ea/4 ,let u note ?is co9cid5ce3 x is rem>kable2 inasmu* z1 at ! equ9oxes1 ! t]re/rial equator divides exactly ! illum9at$ & ! obscur$ hemisph]e into two equal p>ts1 "o ( :i* is situat$ to ! nor?1 ! o!r to ! s\?1 & _! l9e ( sep>ation co9cides ) a m]idian circle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b ,i see ano!r1 & mu* sl[] movem5t1 v cle>ly def9$4 ,! axis ( rotation ( ! photo-adumbrat$ sph]e does n rema9 p>allel ) ! t]re/rial axis ( rotation2 x retires f x little by little1 s z to =m ) x an angle :i* atta9s its maximum at ! summ] sol/ice 7#ba-bb ,june72 aft]w>ds1 return+ ^u itself1 x co9cides anew ) ! t]re/rial axis ( rotation 7! autumn equ9ox71 to make an angle 9 ! contr>y direction1 ^: maximum1 ( ! same value z ! =m]1 corresponds to ! w9t] sol/ice 7#ba-bb ,decemb]74 ,?is movem5t1 :i* is annual1 complicates itself ) ! diurnal4 ,x is r5d]$ visible by ! displacem5t ( ! pol> %r\d ( sn[3 ! portion :i*1 at ! mom5t ( ! spr+ equ9ox1 belong$1 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 to ! obscur$ hemisph]e1 moves onw>d1 z a result ( ! incl9ation ( its axis1 to become an integral "p ( ! illum9at$ hemisph]e2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 ! portion :i*1 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 belong$ to ! illum9at$ hemisph]e1 moves onw>d to become an integral "p ( ! d>k5$ hemisph]e4 ,ow+ to ?is displacem5t1 ! sun %[s itself = six consecutive mon?s above ! horizon1 = ! ,nor? ,pole2 at ! spr+ equ9ox x beg9s to rise1 at ! summ] sol/ice x atta9s its maximum elevation1 & f ! summ] sol/ice x beg9s to decl9e4 ,?us1 !n1 we h 9 reality a day six mon?s long1 ( :i* ! morn+ & ! ev5+ are ! two equ9oxes1 its noon ! summ] sol/ice4 ,9 ! same p]iods an exactly opposite ord] ( ?+s prevails 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,ev]y?+1 ev5 to ! m9ute/ detail1 is 9 ?is way v cle>ly expla9$4 ,two facts--l ! t\*es ( a pa9t]'s bru%--suffice to impress ! :ole ^u ! m9d1 namely3-- ,t1 fir/1 "o half ( ! t]re/rial surface is con/antly illum9at$ by ! sun1 :ile ! o!r half rema9s 9 d>kness2 ,t1 secondly1 ! rotation ( ! e>? ^u its axis produces day & night1 by c>ry+ f ea/ to we/ ! illum9at$ hemisph]e1 always diametrically opposite to ! d>k5$ hemisph]e4 ,?is be+ ?or\ghly und]/ood1 let u place ourselves 9 ! equatorial plane1 s z to embrace at a s+le glance a qu>t] ( ! illum9at$ & a qu>t] ( ! d>k5$ hemisph]e4 ,if ! equator ( ! photo-adumbrat$ sph]e p]petually co9cid$ ) ! t]re/rial equator1--if1 9 o!r words1 ! e>?1 9 revolv+ r\nd ! sun1 inv>iably occupi$ ! plane ( ! ,equator1 :i*1 :5 prolong$1 w\ld pass ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! illum9at+ orb1--! diurnal rotation w\ld n cease to divide equally ! light & ! d>kness ov] ! e>?'s surface1 z is %[n 9 ,fig4 #db a1 :]e ,s indicates ! sun1 ,,ee ! t]re/rial equator1 & ,n ,s ! extremities 7or ,nor? & ,s\? ,poles7 ( ! axis :i* divides ! globe into an illum9at$ & a d>k5$ half4 ,?is ph5om5on ( co9cid5ce exi/s2 b only = a v brief p]iod1 & is only repeat$ twice a ye>1--t is1 at ! equ9oxes4 ,at all o!r times1 ! equator ( ! photo-adumbrat$ sph]e1 9 ^: plane ! orb ( light is situat$1 passes sometimes above & sometimes bel[ ! t]re/rial equator4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--,s1 ! ,sun2 ,,ee1 ! ,equator2 ,n1 ,nor? ,pole2 ,s1 ,s\? ,pole4 ,b ?is alt]nate movem5t ( nor!rn & s\!rn decl9ation has its limits2 x /ops at #bc #bg' #cj on ei!r side ( ! ,equator2 ?is1 too1 is ! maximum ( ! di/ance :i* ! imag9>y axis ( ! photo-adumbrat$ sph]e retires f ! axis ( t]re/rial rotation2 x is at ! same "t ! value ( ! obliquity ( ! ecliptic1 or ( ! incl9$ plane :i* ! e>? trav]ses 9 its annual movem5t ( revolution4 ,fig4 #db b1 :i* repres5ts ! photo-adumbrat$ sph]e at ! summ] sol/ice1 w enable ! read] to compreh5d ) ! utmo/ facility ! six mon?s' day ( ! ,nor? ,pole1 co9cid+ ) ! six mon?s' night ( ! ,s\? ,pole2 = ! triangle ,n ,c ,d indicates ! am\nt by :i* ! illum9at$ moiety increases 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e betwe5 ! spr+ equ9ox & ! summ] sol/ice1 ! am\nt be+ equal to t by :i* ! adumbrat$ moiety ov]spreads 9 a contr>y direction ! ,s\? ,pole 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,! sup]flu\s quantity ( ! photo-adumbrat$ sph]e is nil at ! apex ( ! two opposite triangles1 or 9 ! equ9octial region4 ,& !n1 9 effect1 bo? day & night are always twelve h\rs long4 ,/>t+ f ! equ9octial l9e1 we see h[ easy x is to calculate = ea* locality ! v>iable dim5sions ( ! arc :i* ! sun1 9 its app>5t c\rse1 traces above ! horizon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to see v di/9ctly ! portion ( ! illum9at$ hemisph]e1 :i*1 pass+ beyond ! ,nor? ,pole1 =ms a lum9\s c\rse on ! d>k5$ moiety ( our globe1 ,i h b to place myself at midnight1 on ! #ba/ ( ,june1 9 ! prolongation ( ! t]re/rial equator2 9 ! same way1 to see ! correspond+ portion ( ! d>k5$ hemisph]e1 :i* advances beyond ! ,s\? ,pole to invade ! illum9at$1 ,i h b to occupy at noon1 on ! #ba/ ( ,june1 a po9t ( ! same equatorial prolongation4 ,six mon?s lat]1 ! same spectacle w be pres5t$1 inv]sely1 on ! #ba/ ( ,decemb]1 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,see ,fig4 #dc a1 :]e ! pole ,n indicates ! six mon?s' day ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e 7f ! spr+ to ! autumn equ9ox72 :ile 9 ,fig4 #dc b1 ! pole ,s indicates ! six mon?s' night ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e 7dur+ ! same p]iod74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--,! ,six ,mon?s' ,day & ,night4 ,n[1 no ef=t ( ! imag9ation is requir$ to und]/& :y ! inhabitants ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e enjoy summ] :ile ^? ( ! s\!rn are endur+ w9t]2 :y x is blossom+ spr+ to ! =m] :5 x is purple autumn to ! latt]1 & vice v]s4 ,equally easy is x to compreh5d :y1 aft] ! equ9ox1 day1 or ! duration ( ! sun above ! horizon1 gradually dim9i%es 9 "o hemisph]e & increases 9 ! o!r2 :y1 9 summ]1 & 9 bo? hemisph]es1 ! longe/ days alt]nate ) ! %orte/ nights1 & 9 w9t]1 ! longe/ nights ) ! %orte/ days4 ,x w n be m difficult to expla9 ! cause ( ! prevail+ cold 9 ! pol> zones1 despite ! prolong$ soj\rn ( ! sun above ! horizon = a great "p ( ! ye>4 ,obs]ve h[ obliquely ! sol> rays are direct$ t[>ds yond] %r\ds ( ice & sn[3 h[ c !y w>m !m8 ,!y ne>ly all vani% into space4 7,see ,fig4 #db47 99 99 99 99 99 ,f9ally1 !re is n a ph5om5on1 ev5 to t ( dawn & twilight1 :i* _c1 on ^! pr9ciples1 be v fully & cle>ly expla9$4 ,i h indicat$1 9 a prec$+ p>agraph1 ! ra9b[-glories ( col\r noticeable on ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! illum9at$ & ! d>k5$ hemisph]es4 ,!y are want+ :]e ! rays ( light /rike v]tically or ne>ly v]tically4 ,x is ?is circum/ance :i* expla9s :y1 9 ! int]tropical regions1 ! crepuscul> ph5om5a are ne>ly null2 :y ! sun1 s to speak1 sets & rises abruptly1 l a tap] :i* we ext+ui% or rek9dle4 ,^! iris-gleams increase1 on ! o!r h&1 9 int5sity1 9 proportion z we rec$e f tropical regions3 ! r$ t\*es ! horizon1 :ile ! violet bl5ds ) ! azure ( ! sky2 betwe5 ^! two extremes1 :i* are always v cle>ly m>k$1 are arrang$ 9 less p]ceptible fa%ion1 & 9 ! ord] ( refraction1 ! o!r col\rs ( ! ra9b[4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at "t & lab\r does x n require = ! m9d to dis5gage1 to free itself f ! fett]s & incumbrances ( s5sorial appe>ances1 ! illusions ( ! s5ses1 & to rise suffici5tly high to seize at a glance all ! dynamics ( ! _w6 ,x is ?is faculty1 h[ev]1 :i* di/+ui%es ! intellect f ! imag9ation4 ,t he may ab&on himself to ! enjoym5t ( ^? pleasures :i*1 l ,dead ,sea apples1 crumble to a%es on 8 lips1 ! fool puts aside all m5tal toil1 & disreg>ds ! %ortness ( 8 "t1--ignores ! brief p]iod all[$ = ! developm5t ( ! und]/&+4 ,b1 at lea/1 let ,imag9ation ab/a9 f sub/itut+ its idle dreams = ! assur$ results :i* c be only ! rew>d ( reason1 consci5ti\sness1 & lab\r6 ,un=tunately1 "h z else:]e1 x is vox clamantis1 & we prea* 9 ! des]t6 ,,footnote3 ,footnote #eg3 ,no "o1 ,i ?9k1 has ev] be=e attempt$ to reconcile1 9 ?is way1 ! two pr9cipal !ories :i* h be5 put =? on ! propagation ( light4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,on ,,! ,,e>?4 ,n[ ! %9+ meads ,d boa/ ! pansy1 lily1 & ! rose1 ,& e fl[] do? laugh z zephyr bl[s4 --,,b5 ,,jonson4 ,illu/ration ,! ,fl[] seems to h be5 creat$ expressly to say to m53--,li/56 ,^? ?+s :i* mo/ attract y\r glance are b subord9ate1 & ! pr9cipal escape y4 ,t ! w>n+ is true1 all hi/ory atte/s4 ,x is only1 s to speak1 f ye/]day t ! discov]y ( ! sex ( plants is to be dat$2 ! t9y organs occupy+ ! c5tre ( ! fl[] hav+ always appe>$ s insignificant t !y _h pass$1 = "s ?\s&s ( ye>s1 completely unnotic$4 ,! eye ( ! spectator 0 caught by ! calyx & ! corolla2 ^! envelopes1 ?\gh ( second>y importance s f> z ! reproduction ( ! vegetable is conc]n$1 seem$ to eyes dazzl$ by _! gl[+ col\rs ! true fl[]1--9 fact1 ! entire fl[]4 ,sci5ce1 :i* is ! sl[ elaboration ( ?\ght matur$ by ! /udy ( objects ( no human orig91 has completely swept aside ?is premature judgm5t4 ,,! ,,p]ian?4 ,we h already1 & m ?an once1 employ$ ! ^w p]ian?#eh to designate ! calyx or corolla1 :e!r tak5 sep>ately or toge!r4 ,9 ! =m] case1 ! p]ian? is simple2 9 ! latt]1 x is d\ble4 ,a m appropriate ^w c\ld n be made use (4 ,x is d]iv$ f ! ,greek 1 ar\nd1 & 1 fl[]2 & lit]ally signifies1 floral envelope4 ,simple or d\ble1 ?is envelope is ! metamorphosis ( sev]al leaves1 nev] ( a solit>y "o1 ins]t$ ^u planes s closely br\ght toge!r t !y seem conf\nd$4 ,obs]ve1 9 fact1 h[ ! leaves t5d to efface _! int]vals on ! blossom-be>+ spray2 !y draw t[>ds ea* o!r1 !y are app>5tly 9 eag] ha/e to accompli% _! de/9$ trans=mation4 ,:at eloqu5ce !re is 9 ?is simple language ( nature6 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,calyx4--,! out]mo/ :orl1 or v]ticle1 ( ! fl[] is call$ ! calyx4 ,& :y8 ,out ( a notion altoge!r incorrect4 ,x is true t ?is foliace\s envelope may (t5 assume ! %ape ( a cup 79 ,lat91 calix71 & h5ce t ! "n has ab\t x a semi-poetical air4 ,b ?is only occurs :5 ! calyx is compos$ ( a s+le leaf1 :i* has procur$ = x ! special designations ( monosepal\s1 gamopetal\s1 & monophyll\s1--?ree diff]5t words express+ "o & ! same ?+6 ,! violet & ! primrose are examples ( a monophyll\s1 monosepal\s1 or gamopetal\s calyx4 ,i see1 de> read]1 t y are puzzl$ by ! ^w sepal4 ,c]ta9ly y w\ld look = x 9 va9 9 any classical diction>y2 x is nei!r ,greek nor ,lat94 ,x 0 only inv5t$1 sc>ce a c5tury ago1 by a ,swiss botani/1 ^: works h *iefly rema9$ 9 manuscript1--by ,neck]1 bro!r ( ! celebrat$ m9i/] ( ,l\is ,,xvi41 & uncle ( ! illu/ri\s ,madame de ,/al4 ,let me expla9 ! circum/ance :i* det]m9$1 ,i suspect1 ! *oice ( ?is fanciful ^w1--a ^w belong+ to no language b t ( mod]n botani/s4 ,! botani/s ( antiquity call$ ! col\r$ leaflets ( ! corolla1 petals4 ,9 ?is !y 7 d\bly "r2 =1 fir/1 !y are1 9 reality1 no?+ b metamorphos$ leaves2 second1 ! ^w petal 79 ,greek1 7 signifi$ a leaf z e>ly z ! days ( ,hom]1 :o1 :5 speak+ ( ! night+ale1 says1 l a ke5 obs]v] ( nature1 t ?is bird1 on ! return ( spr+1 s+s-- ,c\*$ among ! ?ick leaves ( ! grove4 7 47#ei ,! ^w petal 0 pres]v$ by ,t\rne=t1 h&$ d[n by ,l9nu & ! two ,de ,jussieus1 & aft]w>ds adopt$ by all botani/s ) ! signification giv5 to x by ! anci5ts4 ,n[1 z ! calyx may also consi/ ( leaflets1 :i* are g5]ally gre51 ,neck] conceiv$ ! idea ( apply+ to !m ! same t]m1 aft] sub/itut+ an s = ! initial lett] p4 ,?us 0 creat$ ! ^w sepal4 ,! innovation1 ,i mu/ po9t out1 0 n unanim\sly adopt$4 ,_m botani/s cont9u$ to use ! words calic9al leaflets1 introduc$ by ,l9nu2 o!rs1 ?\gh !y adopt$ ! innovation1 prote/$ aga9/ x4 ,b leav+ ! ^w1 let u return to ! ?+4 ,! calyx consi/s orig9ally ( sev]al leaflets4 ,is ! monophyll\s or monosepal\s calyx a trans=mation due to ! junction ( ! primitive leaflets8 ,obs]vation replies 9 ! affirmative4 ,9 ! =mation ( junctures or adhesions nature proce$s f b5ea? to above4 ,our language proce$s inv]sely to nature3 we speak ( a lob$1 d5tat$1 or p>tite calyx1 z if x 7 prim>ily monophyll\s1 & its m or less pr(\nd divisions 7indicat$ by ! words lob$1 d5tat$1 p>tite7 7 b consecutive results1 produc$ f above to bel[4 ,! tru? is1 t ! calic9al divisions1 :i* we call lobes1 lac9ias1 & ! l1 are b ! tops ( leaflets unit$ at _! base4 ,! monophyll\s calyx 7=m$ ( "o piece7 is1 !re=e1 simply ! result ( a m or less complete union ( ! leaflets compos+1 prop]ly speak+1 ! calic9al :orl4 ,?is :orl is orig9ally polyphyll\s2 t is to say1 =m$ ( sev]al di/9ct p>ts4 ,if x 71 9 ! fir/ place1 monophyll\s1 x w\ld be impossible to und]/& h[ its divisions are made f top to bottom1 s9ce nature1 9 its developm5ts1 proce$s f bottom to top4 ,9 ! f9al analysis1 !n1 x is an error to consid] ! calyx z a cup1 prim>ily =m$ ( a s+le piece4 99 99 99 99 99 ,grew1 an ,engli% botani/ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 seems to h be5 ! fir/ :o made use ( ! ^w calyx4 ,i call a calyx1 he says1#fj ! ext]nal portion ( ! fl[]1 :i* enfolds ! o!rs1 :e!r x be all 9 "o piece1 z 9 ! violets1 or divid$1 z 9 ! roses4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if we wi% to con=m to ! tru?1 z br\ght be=e u by nature1 we mu/ revolutionize our t]m9ology4 ,in/ead ( speak+ ( bip>tite1 trip>tite1 quadrip>tite1 or ( bilob$ & trilob$ calices1--t]ms all signify+ t ! monophyll\s calyx is clov5 m or less deeply f top to bottom1 we mu/ say t ! calyx 9 su* & su* a species has its leaflets unit$ at ! base1 or "o ?ird1 f\r?1 or half ( its height2 ! polyphyll\s or polysepal\s calyx w be t ^: leaflets rema9 deta*$1 z 0 ! case 9 ! monophyll\s or monosepal\s calyx4 ,?is language1 recomm5d$ by ! au?ority ( ,augu/e ,sa9t-,hilaire1 w\ld be m precise & exact3 !re=e1 x w n be v quickly adopt$4 ,"o w\ld say t ! human m9d condemns itself to pass ?r\gh ! purgatory ( :at is false & complex1 be=e resolv+ to adopt ! simple & ! true4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if we admit ! !ory accord+ to :i* all ! organs ( ! vegetable are ! result ( a metamorphosis ( ! leaf1 we %all ask :at place is to be giv5 to ! calyx 9 ! s]ies ( ^! trans=mations8--,answ]3 ,! calyx is a foliace\s trans=mation1 int]m$i>y betwe5 ! bracts & ! corolla4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is p>ticul>ly 9 ! /udy ( ! calyx t ! att5tive eye is /ruck by ^? protei=m movem5ts 9 :i* nature makes sport ( our absolute rules4 ,= example3 9 ! ,b]b]is vulg>is1 ! "y calic9al leaflets h less resemblance to ! bracts ?an to ! petals ( ! corolla1 & h5ce !y h receiv$ ! "n ( petaloid sepals4 ,9 o!r fl[]s ?is morphog5ic wav]+ incl9es t[>ds ! bracts r ?an t[>ds ! corolla4 ,we hesitate1 !re=e1 :e!r we mu/ give ! "n ( calyx or bracts to ! ?ree "u leaflets :i* are visible b5ea? ! petaloid envelope ( ! ,anemone nemorosa1 or wood anemone4 ,! calyx ( ! ,cel&9e 7,ranunculus fic>ia71 :i* also fl[]s 9 spr+1 is exactly l a :orl or involucre =m$ by ! union ( ! bracts4 ,a simil> emb>rassm5t takes place :5 ! calyx1 9 its metamorphosis1 incl9es too visibly 9 ! direction ( ! corolla4 ,?us1 9 ! ,polygala vulg>is1--a little1 vivaci\s1 & v abundant plant1--! two inn] leaflets ( ! calyx are n only l>g] ?an ! ?ree o!r out] leaves1 b !y are col\r$ l ! petals1 & become1 t[>ds ! close ( _! fl[]+ "t1 membran\s1 h]bace\s1 & m>k$ ) ?ree /rong ve9s3 !y resemble ! w+s ( a butt]fly1 & h be5 call$ w+s4 ,^! peculi>ities are useful 9 ! di/9ction ( c]ta9 species1 :i*1 at bottom1 are simply v>ieties4 ,?us1 9 ! ,polygala ,au/riaca 7,polygala am>a ( ,keo*1 ,polygala ulig9osa ( ,rei*5ba*71--a plant ) small :ite or blui% leaves1 :i* is sometimes met ) on ! bord]s ( peaty swamps1--! c5tral ve9 or ridge ( ! w+s is simple1 & nev] ana/omoses ) ! lat]al ve9s2 :ile1 9 ! ,polygala vulg>is1 z well z 9 ! ,polygala depressa & ,polygala am>ella1 ! ve9 is ramifi$1 & ana/omoses m or less widely ) ! lat]als4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b s9ce we are ^u ?is subject1 :y %\ld we n seize ! opportunity ( famili>is+ ourselves1 "u ! =m ( a digression1 ) ! little family ( ! ,polygalace8 ,b no2 we w adj\rn ! episode1 s9ce x w\ld cut ! ?read ( our disc\rse ^u ! calyx1 our calicology4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s calices !re are1 :i*1 by _! col\r+1 approximate s closely to ! second floral envelope1 t "o is always tempt$ to call !m corollas4 ,su* are3--,! r$ calyx ( ! fu*sia2 ,! yell[ calyx ( ! furze 7,ulex ,europu71 & ( a k9d ( hellebore 7,helleborus hyemalis72 ,! rosy calyx ( ! ,*ri/mas rose 7,helleborus nig]72 ,! blue calyx ( ! l>kspur 7,delph9ium ,ajacis72 & ! ,napel aconite 7,aconitum ,napellus74 ,9 ! ,aquilegia vulg>is1 & 9 ! ,trollius ,europu1 ! calyx1 by ! =m & col\r+ ( its leaflets1 is conf\nd$ ) ! second :orl s completely1 t ,l9nu gave x ! "n ( corolla4 ,nev]!less1 9 ! mid/ ( ^! wav]+s1 :i* lead u to mi/ake ! calic9al leaflets sometimes = bracts1 sometimes = petals1 we recognise p]fectly ! foliace\s type4 ,indep5d5tly ( its col\r1 :i* is g5]ally gre51 ! calyx has ! same organisation z ! leaf2 we f9d 9 x ! same tra*e & ! same /omata1 ! same gl&s & ! same hairs2 ! ve9s & ramifications are also ! same2 &1 9 m ?an "o in/ance1 ! calic9al leaflet resumes ! "* ( a v]itable leaf4 ,look1 = example1 at ! five leaflets1 unit$ s /rongly at ! base b s free at ! top1 arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a qu9cunx1 ( ! hundr$-leav$ rose4 ,! two ext]nal1 enl>g$1 & lanceolate pieces are g>ni%$ on ! "r & left1 & (t5 at ! po9t1 ) t9y foliace\s app5dages1 :i*1 9 e respect1 imitate ! composite leaf t c>ries ! sl5d] /em4 ,& if we move aside ! ext]nal or be>d$ p>ts ( ! calyx1 we see t ! int]nal be> less & less resemblance to a leaf4 ,?us1 ! "p :i* comes next is semi-be>d$2 t is to say1 x is furni%$ ) foliace\s app5dages only on "o side2 & ! two upp] pieces are be>dless1 t is1 r$uc$ to ! dilat$ c5tral ve94 ,x 0 ^! metamorphic =ms ( ! free portion ( ! calic9al foliola 7unit$ bel[7 ( ! rose1 :i* orig9at$ a well-kn[n enigma1 convey$ 9 ! foll[+ ,lat9 di/i*3-- ,quique sumus fratres1 unus b>batus et alt]1 ,imb]bes duo1 sum semi-b]bes duo1 sum semi-b]bes ego4 7,we are bro!rs1 bo? be>d$1 two be>dless2 ,i am two half-be>d$1 & ,i myself am half-be>d$47 ,!y are specially noticeable 9 a v>iety ( ! ,rose ( ,b5gal1 9 :i* all ! petals seem to be trans=m$ into calic9al leaves4 7,fig4 #dd47 99 99 99 99 99 ,! "p ( ! calyx =m$ by ! union ( ! sepals is call$ ! tube3 x is inv>iably ! l[] "p4 ,! upp] portion1 :]e ! sepals are free1 is ! limb4 ,?r\gh\t ! vegetable k+dom y w n f9d a calyx 9 :i* ! union ( ! sepals takes place at ! top4 ,?is "t1 at all ev5ts1 we h f\nd--:at is exclusively r>e 9 nature--a rule )\t an exception4 ,g5]ally1 x is almo/ impossible to disunite1 )\t r5d+1 ! foliola compos+ ! tube ( ! calyx1 _! union is s complete4 ,?is circum/ance prev5t$ ! fir/ obs]v]s f accurately appreh5d+ ! composition & true developm5t ( ! calyx4 ,!re are cases1 nev]!less1 9 :i* ,nature--! coquette6--suff]s h]self to be surpris$1 if h] lov] h pati5ce4 ,z an example we %all cite ! monophyll\s calyx ( ! no!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--,rose ( ,b5gal4 ,let u take ! species kn[n z no!ra bi5nis4 ,x belongs1 ) ! fu*sia1 circa1 trapa1 & o!rs1 to ! ,ev5+ ,primrose family1 or ,onograce4 ,its pale yell[ blossoms are unfold$ dur+ ! hu% ( ev5+-"t 9 almo/ e g>d51 %$d+ abroad on ! breeze its delicate b delici\s od\r4 ,its petals op5 9 a rem>kable mann]4 ,! calyx1 z we %all see1 has small hooks atta*$ to its upp] extremity1 by :i* x holds ! fl[] toge!r be=e expansion4 ,! calic9al divisions gradually unfold at ! l[] "p1 & reveal ! yell[ fl[]1 :i* rema9s a:ile clos$ at ! upp] p>ts ( ! hooks4 ,! fl[] !n sudd5ly op5s half-way1 :5 x /ops2 aft]w>ds complet+ its expansion gradually1 & f9ally op5+ ) a l\d noise4 ,?is curi\s plant is ( ,am]ican orig91 & 0 unkn[n 9 our c\ntry until #afgd1 :5 x 0 introduc$ by "s ,fr5* floriculturi/s4 ,x op5s g5]ally at ab\t six or sev5 o'clock 9 ! ev5+4 ,& ?is /atem5t induces me to digress4 ,:]e c ,i bett] introduce to ! read]'s notice a ,floral ,dial8 ,x is n s complete z x might be made if ,i _h space to enl>ge ^u ! subject4 ,my object1 h[ev]1 is simply to sugge/2 & ?is brief allusion to ! h\rs at :i* fl[]s fold & unfold may induce ! read] to /udy 9 m detail a v pleasant bran* ( botanical sci5ce4 ,he w f9d full p>ticul>s 9 ,mr ,l\don's excell5t ,encyclopdia ( ,g>d5+4 ,x is g5]ally /at$ t ! fir/ ,floral ,dial1 or clock1 :i* %[$ ! "t by ! op5+ or %utt+ up ( blossoms ?r\gh\t ! day1 0 a fancy or inv5tion ( ! great ,sw$i% naturali/1 ,l9nu4 ,b !re is a di/9ct allusion to ?is poetical measurem5t ( ! fleet+ h\rs 9 ,m>vell's poem on ,! ,g>d53-- ,h[ well ! skilful g>d5] drew ,by fl[]s & h]bs ?is dial new6 ,:]e1 f above1 ! mild] sun ,does ?r\gh a fragrant zodiac run2 ,&1 z x works1 ! indu/ri\s bee ,computes its "t z well z we4 ,h[ c\ld su* sweet & :olesome h\rs ,be reckon$ b ) h]bs & fl[]s8 ,:e!r ! idea fir/ occurr$ to ,engli%man or ,sw$e1 poet or botani/1 matt]s b little2 x is a graceful1 a sugge/ive1 a beautiful idea1 & might well be reproduc$ 9 "s ( our l>ge public g>d5s4 ',twas a lovely ?\ght to m>k ! h\rs1 ,z !y float$ 9 light away1 ,by ! op5+ & ! fold+ fl[]s1 ,z !y laugh to ! summ]'s day4 ,?us _h ea* mom5t its own ri* hue1 ,& its graceful cup & bell1 ,9 ^: col\r$ vase might sleep ! dew1 ,l a pe>l 9 an ocean %ell4 ,,floral ,,dial4 ,,"t ,,at ,,:i* ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,fl[]s ,,fold ,,& ,,unfold4 ,op54 ,close4 ,h4 ,m4 ,h4 ,m4 ,p4,m4 ,a4,m4 ,goat's ,be>d 7,lat4 syn4 ,tragopogon luteum71 #i4aj #c4e ,late-fl[]+ ,d&elion 7,leontodon s]ot9um71 #ab4a #d4j ,hawkwe$ 7,picris e*ioides71 #ab4j #d4e ,alp9e ,hawk's-be>d 7,crepis ,alp9a71 #ab4j #d4e ,wild ,succory 7,ci*orium intybus71 #g4j #e4j ,nak$-/alk$ ,poppy 7,papav] nudicaule71 #g4h #e4j ,copp]-col\r$ ,day-lily 7,hem]ocallis fulva71 #aa4ab #e4j ,smoo? ,s[-?i/le 7,son*us lvis71 #ab4j #e4j ,blue-fl[]$ ,s[-?i/le 7,son*us ,alp9us71 #d4e #e4f ,field ,b9dwe$ 7,convolvulus arv5sis71 #aj4j #e4f ,common ,nipplewort 7,lapsana communis71 #d4e #f4g ,spott$ ,cat's-e> 7,hypo*ris maculata71 #e4j #g4j ,:ite ,wat]-lily 7,nympha alba71 #aj4j #g4j ,g>d5 ,lettuce 7,lactuca sativa71 #c4d #g4j ,african ,m>igold 7,tagetes erecta71 #b4j #h4j ,m\se-e> ,hawkwe$ 7,hi]acium piloscella71 #b4j #h4j ,prolif]\s ,p9k 7,dian?us prolif]us71 #a4j #h4j ,field ,m>igold 7,cal5dula arv5sis71 #c4j #i4j ,purple ,s&wort 7,ar5>ia purpurea71 #b4c #i4aj ,creep+ ,mall[ 7,malva ,c>ol9iana71 #ab4a #i4aj ,*ickwe$ 7,/ell>ia m$ia71 #i4aj #i4aj ,aft] ?is long digression1 we return to our ,ev5+ ,primrose4 ,its l>ge yell[ fl[]s are dispos$ 9 clu/]s at ! top ( a /em (t5 tw5ty in*es long4 ,! ,py?agorean tetrad 7i4e41 ! numb] #d & its d\ble7 pr$om9ates 9 all its organs3 #d /igmata cr[n+ a fili=m /ylus2 quadrangul> capsule ) #d polysp]m\s lobes2 op5+ at top by ! sep>ation ( #d valves2 twice #d /am5s2 #d petals on a l>ge1 em>g9at$ limb2 #d sepals4 ,^! are unit$ at ! base1 b n s z to prev5t ! obs]v] f di/+ui%+ _! numb]4 ,! g5]al t]ms regul> & irregul>1 appli$ to ! calyx1 z to e o!r organ1 require to be employ$ ) consid]able res]ve4 ,! delicate %ades1 :i* ought to sep>ate regul>ity f irregul>ity1 are (t5 s inappreciable t x is almo/ impossible to say :]e "o beg9s & ! o!r ends4 ,see1 = example1 ! ,labiat4 ,9 mo/ g5]a & species ( ?is family1 ! two lips1 "o ( :i* consi/s ( two & ! o!r ( ?ree foliola1 br+ out v completely ! inequality ( ! calyx4 ,b !re are also ,labiat1 ! inequality ( ^: sepals completely effaces ! "* ( ! irregul> bilabiat$ calyx4 ,9 c]ta9 infloresc5ces1 :]e ! fl[]s compris+ !m are v close toge!r1 z1 = example1 9 ! capitules ( ! ,synan!race1 ! free upp] portions ( ! calyx may take ! mo/ irregul> =ms2 z1 sometimes1 a tuft1 simple or fea!ry2 sometimes1 membran\s or sc>i\s spangles2 &1 sometimes1 bri/les ( great] or less /iffness4 ,:at elem5ts ( ! calyx d ^! trans=mations repres5t8 ,! ve9s1 & notably ! midrib ( ! limb ( ! sepals1 unit$ und]nea?4 ,! free foliola ( ! polyphyll\s calyx may v>y 9 =m1 l ! caul9>y leaves :5ce !y issue by way ( metamorphosis2 !y may be oval1 elliptical1 l9e>1 c4 ,yet none h ev] be5 obs]v$ ( a he>t-%ape 7cordi=m74 ,c]ta9 foliola ( ! polyphyll\s calyx affect fanta/ic outl9es4 ,9 ! ,delph9ium1 ! upp] sepal is prolong$ into a spur4 ,9 ! aconites x is holl[ l a helmet4 ,! spur ( ! calyx ( ! monk's-hood 7,capuc9e7 is ! result ( ! unit$ prolongation ( ^! foliola4 ,! buckl] 7,scutellum71 f :i* is nam$ ! ,scutell>ia1 a g5us ( ,labiat1 is a demi-orbicul> boss =m$ bel[ ! inf]ior lip ( ! calyx4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! union ( ! calic9al foliola sometimes =ms a conical calyx1 z 9 ! ,sil5a conica1 & sometimes a cup-%ap$ calyx1 z 9 ! orange2 sometimes1 moreov]1 an urceolate calyx1 z 9 ! h5bane 7,hyosciamus nig]74 ,^! =ms may v>y s+ul>ly4 ,! calyx ( ! black ald] 7,rhamnus frangula7 is %ap$ l a top2 t ( ! h>icot 7,phaseolus vulg>is71 l a bell2 t ( ! tobacco-plant1 or ! ,mollucella sp9osa1 is infundibuli=m 7or funnel-%ap$74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--,! ,h5bane4 ,! obs]v] is sometimes emb>rass$ 9 decid+ to :i* :orl he %\ld ref] ! foliola he is exam9+4 ,?us1 ! t9y foliola :i*1 9 ! /rawb]ry & ! pot5tilla1 alt]nate ) o!rs & l>g] ones1 are /ipules r ?an sepals4 ,ought ! sepals ( ! calyx 9 ! ,malvace to be assimilat$ 9 l mann] to ! /ipules8 ,x is difficult to reply to ?is "q satisfactorily4 ,take1 = example1 ! ,hibiscus ,syriacus1 an ornam5tal %rub1 bett] kn[n by ! "n ( ! g>d5-hemp4 ,! inn] calyx1 or calyx prop]ly s call$1 ( ?is ,malvacea has five sepals1 :ile ! out] calyx1 or calicule1 has twelve4 ,n[1 a leaf _c h m ?an two /ipules1 "o on ea* side4 ,= an out] calyx1 !n1 ! prop] numb] ( foliola is t51 n twelve4 ,to look ^u ! second calyx z a sup]num]>y developm5t1 w\ld be to haz>d a supposition contr>y to ! unity ( plan ( ! floral organs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! calyx1 l ! corolla1 is n an absolutely indisp5sable organ4 ,sometimes1 !re=e1 x is caduc\s--t is1 falls (f be=e ! fl[] exp&s1--z 9 poppies2 sometimes1 p]si/5t1 or rema9s aft] fl[]+1--z 9 roses & ! majority ( plants4 ,9 "s cases x is p]si/5t only until aft] ! act ( fecundation1 b ?is act accompli%$1 x falls ) ! corolla 9 mo/ ( ! ,crucif] & ,ranunculace4 ,?is is a decidu\s calyx4 ,! caducity & p]si/5cy ( floral envelopes furni% "s valuable *>act]i/ics = ! di/9ction ( species4 ,?us1 two closely-alli$ ,crucif]1 ! ,alyssum calic9um1 s common 9 spr+ ^u /ony soils1 & ! ,alyssum montanum1 c only be di/+ui%$ f "o ano!r by ! fact t ! calyx ( ! =m] is p]si/5t1 ( ! latt] caduc\s4 ,x is true t ! fl[]s ( ! ,alyssum calic9um are ( a yell[ :i* easily passes into :ite1 :ile ^? ( ! ,alyssum montanum are ( a beautiful p]man5t yell[4 ,b ?is latt] di/9ction is n s good z ! =m]4 ,! p]si/5t calyx sometimes assumes a consid]able increase ( v common appe>ance4 ,= example1 take ! ,physalis alkek5gi1 a memb] ( ! ,night%ade family or ,solanace4 ,! r$ bladd]-l accresc5ce surr\nd+ ! sc>let fruit is ! calyx1 :i*1 aft] fl[]+1 has gr[n mu* l>g] ?an x 0 be=e4 ,& ^! bright fl[]s :i* resemble l>ge /rawb]ries1 & ab\nd on ! bord]s ( mead[-pa?s1 if y look at !m closely1 y f9d to be ! accresc5t calices ( ! ,trifolium fragif]um4 ,! v ^w fragif]um rem9ds u ( ! /rawb]ry4 ,! calyx may *ange 9 consi/5cy & texture 9 proportion z ! ov>y1 to :i* x adh]es1 *anges into fruit4 ,! fle%y pulpy sub/ance ( ! apple1 &1 9 g5]al1 ( ! fruits ( ! ,pomace1 is simply an excessive developm5t ( ! calic9al tube unit$ all ar\nd ! ov>y1 & recognisable 9 ! pips1 imprison$1 t[>ds ! c5tre1 9 horny lobes4 ,9 o!r plants1 z ! fl[] develops into fruit1 ! calyx becomes woody3 su* is ! case ) ! ,wat] ,*e/nut 7,trappa natans74 ,f9ally1 ! calyx may ev5 contribute to ! dissem9ation ( ! se$4 ,we may cite1 z an example1 a ,brazilian species ( ,urticace1 :i* ,sa9t-,hilaire nam$ ! ,ela/ic>ia4 ,! fle%y & cyl9drical p>ts ( ! calyx are curv$ inw>ds1 & ?us def5d1 z "o might d ) "o's b5d$ f+]s1 ! "y fruit until x is completely develop$2 z soon z ! fruit is ripe1 !y spr+ up erect1 & laun* x to a di/ance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,corolla4--,if f ! circumf]5ce we proce$ to ! c5tre ( ! fl[]1 ! calyx be+ ! fir/1 ! corolla w be its second envelope4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 we proce$ f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce1 ! corolla w =m ! f\r? :orl2 ! pi/il 7consi/+ ( /igmata1 /ylus1 & ov>y7 be+ ! fir/2 ! nect>if]\s disc 7(t5 want+7 ! second2 & ! /am5s ! ?ird :orl4 ,rem>kable = its v>i$ t9ts1 ! corolla1 to indiff]5t or ignorant eyes1 seems ! entire fl[]4 ,a black or blacki% col\r is exce$+ly r>e4 ,out ( #cjj vegetable species :i* compose ! flora ( ,c5tral ,europe1 !re are n six ) blacki% or ev5 grayi% fl[]s4 ,no hypo!sis has yet be5 put =w>d to expla9 ?is m>k-wor?y r>ity4 ,species ) a yell[ corolla are ! mo/ num]\s1 =m+ m ?an a six? ( ! ,european flora3 !n come1 9 _! ord] ( frequ5cy1 species ) gre51 :ite1 r$1 & blue fl[]s2 ! :ite increas+ 9 numb] z we approa* ! ,pole4 ,divid+ ! flora into tw5ty p>ts1 we may ascribe to ea* col\r1 & its v>i\s t9ts1 ! foll[+ proportion3-- ,yell[1 #f4j ,gre51 #d4ej ,:ite1 #d4j ,r$1 #c4ej ,blue1 #a4ej ,black1 #j4ej ,! analogy betwe5 ! p>ts or petals ( ! corolla & ! leaf1 is p]haps n q s /rik+ z betwe5 ! leaf & ! sepals ( ! calyx4 ,! phrase rose-leaves is an expression consecrat$ by immemorial usage4 ,:y n pref] ! t]m coroll>y leaves or leaflets 7foliola7 to t ( petals8 ,! coroll>y leaves1 or petals1 are organis$ l true leaves4 ,!y h ! same sy/em ( v5ation2 _! lam9a correspond to ! limb1 or blade2 & _! unguis1 or claw1 to ! petiole1 or /alk4 7,see ,fig4 #df1 a47 ,! upp] m>g9 ( petals is frequ5tly m obtuse ?an ! ov]spread+ m>g9 ( ! blade ( a leaf1 :i*1 9 mo/ cases1 is po9t$4 ,non-unguiculate petals repres5t ! sessile leaves4 7,fig4 #df1 b47 ,_! =m is mu* m v>i$ ?an t ( ! calic9al foliola1 :i* are nev] unguiculate or petiolat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df1 a4--,unguis ( ! ,corolla4 ,,fig4 #df1 b4--,a ,sessile ,petal4 ,! petal is def9$ z regul> :5 its two halves1 fold$ "o ^u ano!r at ! midrib1 exactly cov] ea* o!r2 9 ! opposite case x is call$ irregul>4 ,9 c]ta9 species1 ! petals are furni%$ ) *>act]i/ic app5dages4 ,b obs]ve1 ^! app5dages1 :i* g5]ally affect ! =m ( a spur1 h no "* ( g5]ality4 ,?us1 = example1 9 ! violet1 a s+le petal is prolong$ into a spur bel[ its po9t ( atta*m5t2 9 l>kspur1 & ! o!r ,delph9iums1 !re are two :i* t]m9ate 9 ! same mann]2 9 ! ,aquilegia vulg>is1 all ! petals are calc>ate 7calc>1 a spur74 ,accord+ z ! ve9s ( ! petal proce$ 9 a /raight or curv$ direction1 its limb may be flat1 or concave1 or holl[$ l a boat--i4e41 cymbi=m 7cymba1 a boat71 or naviculate 7navis1 a %ip71 or l a spoon1 co*le>i=m 7co*le>e1 a spoon74 ,:5 ! spur is v %ort1 z 9 ,antirrh9um & ,val]ian1 ! corolla or petal is t]m$ gibb\s 7gibbus1 a swell+71 or saccate at ! base4 ,if a petal cont9ue n>r[1 s z to seem =m$ by ! prolongation ( ! claw1 x is call$ l9e>2 if ! limb be prolong$ bel[1 s z to =m two lobes1 x is cordate1 z 9 ,g5i/a caudicans2 or if ! lobes be acute1 x may be sagittate or ha/ate4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! numb] ( petals v>ies f two to twelve1 & m4 ,a corolla ) a s+le petal1 unipetal\s1 :i* we mu/ n conf\nd ) ! monopetal\s corolla1 is a mon/rosity1 creat$ by defective developm5t2 ! o!r petals or foliola are abortive4 ,a corolla ) two petals1 or dipetal\s1 z 9 ,circa ,lutetiana1 is r>e4 ,a tripetal\s corolla occurs only :5 ! calyx has likewise ?ree foliola4 ,b 9 ?is in/ance op9ions are divid$3 ! majority w n admit m ?an a s+le floral envelope1--a p]ian? ( six foliola1 ( :i* ?ree1 h]bace\s & int]nal1 alt]nate ) ?ree petaloid & ext]nal4 ,_m ( our aquatic plants may be quot$ z examples3 su* z ! ,butomus umbellatus1 or fl[]+ ru%2 ! little frog-bit1 or ,hydro*>is morsus ran2 & ! wat] planta91 ,alisma plantago4 ,! tetrapetal\s 7or f\r-petall$7 corolla is usually arrang$ l a cross1 & is mu* m frequ5t ?an ! dipetal\s or tripetal\s2 = examples1 we ne$ only ref] to ! l>ge & important family ( ! ,crucif]4 ,! numb] five 7p5tapetal\s7 is /ill m common2 b we meet ) x 9 o!r organs besides petals1 & x seems p>ticul>ly *>act]i/ic ( ! vegetable k+dom4 ,?us1 all ! ,umbellif] h five sepals1 five petals1 & five /am5s2 9 all ! ,crassulace1 ! numb] five applies1 n only to ! sepals & ! petals1 z well z to ! /am5s1 b also to ! c>pels :i* compose ! ov>y4 ,corollas ) six1 eight1 n9e1 t51 or twelve petals are relatively r>]2 & :5 ! petals become s num]\s t we _c c\nt !m1 we h to deal ) trans=mations ( /am5s into petals1 ) ^? mon/rosities ( cultivation :i* we call d\ble fl[]s1 flores pl5i1 :]e all ! male organs h disappe>$1--fl[]s :olly unfit = fructification4 ,! petals ( ! corolla are n always free4 ,l ^? ( ! calyx1 !y may be atta*$ to "o ano!r by _! edges1 b ?is union inv>iably takes place1 z 9 ! =m]1 f bottom to top4 ,!re=e1 we nev] see any petals unit$ at ! top1 & dis5gag$ at ! bottom 7see ,fig4 #dg1 a47 ,b ! read] mu/ take c>eful note t ?is inv>iable *>act]i/ic is n peculi> only to ! floral envelopes2 x is n met ) 9 ! /am5s1 = ^! may be unit$1 ei!r by _! an!rs1 z 9 ! :ole family ( ! ,synan!r1 or by _! filam5ts1 z 9 ! ,legum9os4 ,& :at we h said ( ! /am5s applies also to ! p>ts con/itut+ ! pi/il4 ,?is radical diff]5ce betwe5 ! p]ian? & ! true reproductive organs ought1 f ! beg9n+1 to h fix$ ! att5tion ( botani/s on ! c5tripetal & c5trifugal metamorphosis ( ! leaf1 :i* we h spok5 ( 9 ,! ,circle ( ! ,ye>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg1 a4--,natural junction ( ,petal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg1 b4--,unnatural 7& impossible7 junction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 _m plants we are p]mitt$ to foll[ /ep by /ep1 z x 71 ! union ( ! petals1 & _! def9itive trans=mation into :at is call$ ! monopetal\s corolla4 ,! t]m monopetaloid ought !n to be reject$1 if we are to believe t ! monopetal\s corolla is ! result ( ! metamorphosis ( a s+le leaf4 ,! ^w gamopetal\s1 or1 r1 gamophyll\s1 is pref]able4 ,z we h rem>k$ 9 ref]5ce to ! calyx1 we %all "h repeat t ! expressions bilob$1 trilob$1 quadrilob$1 or bip>tite1 trip>tite1 quadrip>tite corollas1 are radically vici\s1 because !y are ! consequ5ce ( a false po9t ( view1 accord+ to :i* ! monopetal\s corolla w be simply a s+le metamorphos$ leaf1 susceptible ( be+ m or less deeply divid$ f top to bottom4 ,! polypetal\s corolla1 z well z ! gamophyll\s corolla1 may be regul> or irregul>1 accord+ z ! foliola are equally or unequally unit$4 ,b "h aga9 we mu/ be c>eful n to lay d[n too absolute rules4 ,exam9e1 = in/ance1 ! gamophyll\s corolla ( ! g5tians2 _! two lobes are v unequal1 & yet ! corolla is regul>3 five v l>ge lobes alt]nate ) five v small1 9 su* wise t ea* ( ! latt] is situat$ betwe5 two l>g] lobes4 ,ea* division ( ! corolla ( ! p]iw9kle is irregul>1 & yet ! aggregate ( _! divisions is regul>3 ^! are all ( ! same =m & ! same size4 ,9 ! gamophyll\s corolla we are able to disc]n1 ?r\gh ! diff]5t =ms x assumes1 ! =m ( ! p>ts :i* compose ! union4 ,?us1 = example1 ! tubulate corolla supposes ! pre-exi/5ce ( unguiculate petals4 99 99 99 99 99 ,inequality ( union produces ! bilabiate corolla1 :i* is inv>iably tubul>4 ,?is is ! case 9 ! natural family ( ! ,labiat4 ,! upp] lip is compos$ ( two petals1 & ! l[] ( ?ree4 ,! p>ts ( ! upp] are sometimes s closely jo9$ t !y appe> to be b "o1 z 9 ! ,lamium2 & ! l[] (t5 becomes quadrilob$ by ! division ( ! middle petal1 z 9 ! ,/*a4 ,9 ! labiat$ corolla1 ! m\? ( ! tube is op51 :ile 9 ! p]sonate or mask$ 7p]sona1 a mask7 x is clos$ by ! pressure ( ! l[] lip aga9/ ! upp]2 z 9 ,snapdragon & ,frogsm\?1 ! projection ( ! l[] lip be+ call$ ! palate4 ,by ?is feature ! family ( ! ,scrophul>iace is easily di/+ui%$ f t ( ! ,labiat4 ,9 "s corollas1 ! two lips are holl[$ out 9 a v s+ul> fa%ion1 z 9 ! ,calceol>ia2 assum+ a slipp]-l appe>ance1 simil> to :at takes place 9 ! labellum ( c]ta9 or*ids1--to wit1 ! ,cyprip$ium4 ,^! calceolate 7calceolus1 a slipp]7 corollas may be look$ ^u z consi/+ ( two slipp]-l lips4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! =ms ( ! bilabiate1 tubul>1 & ligulose florets1 ( ! capitula ( ! ,synan!r1 are likewise due to simple diff]5ces ( union4 ,! floscul> capitulum comprises ! tubul> florets1 & ! semi-floscul> capitulum1 ! ligulate florets2 ! radiate capitulum consi/s ( florets ligulate or bilabiate at ! circumf]5ce1 & ( tubul> florets ov] ! re/ ( ! receptacle4 ,by consid]+ ! capitula1 z ! vulg> d1 to be fl[]s1 ,t\rne=t introduc$ consid]able confusion into ! nom5clature ( ! ,synan!r4 ,,summ] ,,fl[]s4 ,dawn1 g5tle fl[]1 ,f ! morn+ e>?6 ,we w gaze & wond] ,at ?y wondr\s bir?6 ,bloom1 g5tle fl[]1 ,lov] ( ! light1 ,s\ght by w9d & %[]1 ,fondl$ by ! night6#fa ,,! ,,prunella1 ,,or ,,self-,,heal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4--,rejoic+ 9 ! %ade ( ov]-ar*+ elms4 ,9 y\r summ]-walks1 de> read]1--summ]-walks ?r\gh gre5 lanes rejoic+ 9 ! %ade ( ov]-ar*+ elms1 or along woodl& glades1 c>pet$ ) odor\s turf1--y mu/ frequ5tly h met ) an h]bace\s plant1 ^: purple-blue fl[]s1 arrang$ 9 regul> succession1 =m ! prettie/ col\r$ cones imag9able at ! extremity ( ! /em & bran*es4 ,to ?is plant1 ! self-heal1 we %all return imm$iately4 ,p]haps y h pass$ x by some:at indiff]5tly1 = we pay little he$ to common ?+s1 & on ! ?re%old ( woods1 & 9 _! w9d+ av5ues1 ! self-heal is v common4 ,! celebrat$ ,g]man botani/1 ,bock 7or ,tragus7 be/[$ ^u x1 two c5turies be=e ! epo* ( ,l9nu1 ! "n ( ,prunella vulg>is4 ,! specific appellation1 vulg>is1 is "h employ$ v appropriately1 b we %\ld commit a grave error if we suppos$ e species qualifi$ z vulg>is to be common4 ,= example1 ! ,lysima*ia vulg>is1 a species ( ,primulace1 is f> f be+ f\nd ev]y:]e4 ,pray1 take ! tr\ble to pick "o l[ly specim52 be+ specially c>eful to take up ! :ole plant1 /em1 root1 & bran*4 ,ly+ along ! gr\nd1 x seems l>g] ?an x really is4 ,its root is a creep]2 at ! level ( ! insection ( ! leaves "s small %oots project1 ! fibr\s radicles :i* compel ! l[] "p ( ! /em to crawl l ! bugle1 ,ajuga reptans4 ,does ! prunella belong to ! family ( ,labiat1 l ! bugle8 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--,! ,prunella4 ,see = y\rself4 ,! /em is quadrangul>2 ! bran*es & leaves compos$ ( two lips4 ,! /am5s are f\r 9 numb]1 two ( :i* are long] ?an ! o!rs2 f9ally1 by means ( a l5s1 y c easily di/+ui%1 at ! v bottom ( ! calyx1 f\r t9y se$s 7a tetra*nium7 gr\p$ ar\nd ! /yle4 ,^! features indicate t our plant belongs1 9 effect1 l ! bugle1 to ! ,labiat family4 ,b m>k ! diff]5ce4 ,9 ! bugle1 z 9 all ! species ( ! same g5us 7,ajuga71 z well z 9 all ! ,teucriums--( :i* wild sage 7,teucrium scorodonia7 is ! mo/ widely-diffus$ type--9 all ! ,labiat1 ! corolla is app>5tly unilabiate1--t is to say1 ! upp] lip is s %ort5$ t only ! l[] is prom95tly visible4 ,?is is n ! case ) our self-heal3 x is di/9ctly bilabiate4 ,! upp] lip ( ! corolla "h =ms a positive hood1 suffici5tly ample to protect ! didynam\s /am5s 7two long & two %ort71 z 9 ,fig4 #ej1 a2 ! l[] lip is ?ree-lob$1 & ! c5tral lobe is l>ge/ ( ! ?ree4 ,by sep>at+ ! two lips1 y c see ! two %ort /am5s fix$ to ! base ( ! l[] "o1 & ! two long atta*$ to ! c5tral "p ( ! upp]4 7,see ,fig4 #ej1 b47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4--,! ,lips ( ! ,prunella vulg>is4 ,let u pursue ! analysis ( ! fl[]y cone y hold 9 y\r h&4 ,! lea/ practical eye is imm$iately /ruck by ! arrangem5t ( ! p>ts & ! v>iety ( ! col\rs4 ,to recognise ^! ?+s m ?or\ghly1 please to ca/ y\r glances alt]nately f ! top to ! base1 & f ! base to ! apex ( its t]m9al fl[]4 ,a little bel[ ! base y w see a pair ( opposite1 entire1 & s9u\s leaves1 ) %ort] /alks ?an any ( ! o!rs4 ,! base is def9$ by two opposite1 :iti%1 & ne>ly triangul> leaves1 ) gre5 po9ts4 ,! top ( ! floral spike is likewise m>k$ by a c\ple ( bracts2 b ^! are mu* small]1 & r$-col\r$1 l ! two leaves ( ! calyx4 ,! int]val is occupi$ by bracts1 :i* dim9i% 9 size f ! base to ! top ( ! spike2 on a level ) ea* pair six fl[]s are ins]t$1 ?ree = ea* bract4 ,! fl[]s1 ?us arrang$ by :orls1 pres5t "s int]e/+ peculi>ities4 ,! l[] & upp] %[ only _! r$di% calices2 ! middle1 = ! mo/ "p1 display bo? a calyx & a corolla1 v>y+ f blue to pale-rose1 :i* gives ! plant a v peculi> appe>ance4 ,9 ! "u fl[]s1 ! corolla has already fall52 by sep>at+ ! lips ( ! calyx1 y may cat* sight ( ! tetra*nium1 t is1 ! f\r-se$$ fruit1 :i* is develop$ at ! bottom ( ! tube4 ,9 ! upp] fl[]s1 ! corolla is n yet exp&$4 ,x resembles a small deep-col\r$ globe2 y may say an eye1 a bull's-eye1 :i*1 f ! dep?s ( ! calyx1 reg>ds y ) a pi]c+ glance4 ,h5ce1 p]haps1 ! ,fr5* "n = ?is plant1 prunelle1 an eye4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we (t5 meet ) a v>iety ( self-heal ) a :ite corolla1 gre5 calyx1 & p9natifid leaves1 a v>iety ( :i* "s botani/s h errone\sly made a sep>ate species1 "u ! "n ( ,prunella alba4 ,x is equally wrong1 9 our op9ion1 to conv]t ! l>ge-fl[]$ v>iety into a di/9ct species1 by tak+ z its specific "* ! lat]al cleft ( ! upp] lip ( ! calyx ov]lapp+ ! middle cleft2 = ?is same *>act]i/ic is f\nd 9 _m individuals ( ! common species4 ,! d5ti=m app5dage :i* ! two longe/ /am5s exhibit at ! top ( _! filam5ts is also an unc]ta9 feature2 y mu/ h rec\rse to y\r magnify+-glass to see if ?is app5dage is obtuse & v %ort1 z 9 ! l>ge-fl[]$ prunella1 or %>p1 z 9 ! common species4 ,z = ! size ( ! corolla1 x is1 9 fact1 v m>k$2 b1 z a *>act]i/ic1 is :olly insuffici5t4 ,! creation ( ! v>ieties ,p9natifida1 ,lac9iifolia1 & ,integrifolia is no bett] ju/ifi$4 ,= x is no r>e ?+ to see on ! same /alk1 at diff]5t heights1 p9natifid1 :ole1 & lac9iate leaves4 ,! prunella is rem>kable = ! long hairs :i* g>ni% ! calyx1 &1 pr9cipally1 ! edges ( ! bracts4 ,exam9$ 9 ! microscope1 !y assume ! =m ( t9y1 po9t$ bamboos2 ! knots bulge out a little1 & ! int]vals are punctuat$4 ,! botani/s ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies are by no means sp>+ 9 _! eulogiums on ! m>vell\s virtues ( our fl[]1 :i*1 by ! way1 ,bock 7,tragus7 0 ! fir/ to figure ) tol]able accuracy4#fb ,t\rne=t ?us dwells ^u its m$ic9al prop]ties3-- ,x =ms an +r$i5t 9 arquebusade wat] & vuln]>y potions4 ,x is ord]$ 9 possets & bro?s1 9 apozmes = ! spitt+ ( blood1 dys5t]y1 hmorrhages1 & ! l4 ,x has also be5 us$ = ulc]s 9 ! m\?1 & a rem$y aga9/ heada*es2 aft] be+ mix$ ) rose-oil & v9eg>1 ! temples 7 ba!d ) x4 ,9 ! ,ph>macopia ( to-day1 h[ev]1 x f9ds no place4 ,,! ,,scutell>ia4 ,at ! fir/ glance1 ! ,scutell>ia has no resemblance to ! prunella4 ,yet ! classificators h unit$ ^! plants 9 "o small tribe1 "u ! "n ( ,scutell>9ace4 ,^! are ! *>act]s :i* !y give to !m3 ,l[] or ant]ior /am5s long] ?an ! sup]ior or po/]ior2 calyx clos$ at maturity by ! approximation ( ! two lips4 ,! latt] "* is n ne>ly s m>k$ 9 ! prunella z 9 ! scutell>ia4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--,scutell>ia gal]iculata4 ,! two commone/ species ( scutell>ia 9 ,engl& are ! ,scutell>ia gal]iculata & ,scutell>ia m9or4 ,!y d n inhabit ! same localities4 ,! =m]1 :i* is at ! same "t ! commone/1 gr[s on ! riv]-banks1 & especially delights 9 ! m\ld accumulat$ 9 ! holl[ trunks ( old will[s4 ,x is easily kn[n by its t5d] blue corolla1 b especially by its calyx1 :i*1 aft] ! fall ( ! corolla1 develops itself 9 a s+ul> mann]4 ,if y compress its sides1 x w op5 s z to disclose1 at ! bottom ( its ?roat1 its se$s1 :i* are :ite1 r$1 or br[n1 accord+ to _! degrees ( maturity4 7,fig4 #eb1 a47 ,n[ look at ^! two jaws3 ! upp] resembles a small helmet 7,lat4 gal]icula71 or1 if y pref] x1 a judge's cap4 ,z = ! l[]1 x has exactly ! %ape ( a %ield 7,lat4 scutum71--:5ce its "n1 scutell>ia4 7,fig4 #eb1 b47 ,?us1 ! emblems ( milit>y & judicial rank are f\nd unit$ 9 ! calyx ( our pretty labiate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4--;,calyx ( ! ,scutell>ia4 ,! second species 7,scutell>ia m9or71 r>] ?an ! =m]1 is met ) on ! banks ( ponds & 9 damp woodl& pa?s4 ,x attracts y\r gaze by its t9y caps or helmets3 ! mom5t y see x1 y exclaim1 ,t's a scutell>ia6 ,m dim9utive 9 all its p>ts ?an its cong5]1 x is also di/+ui%$ by its :ole leaves 7!y are cr5elat$ or d5tate 9 ! ,scutell>ia gal]iculata71 by its s(t1 rose-hu$ corolla1 ) br[n lips coquetti%ly po9t$ ) r$1 & by its hairy calyx4 ,! ,scutell>ia ,column#fc is v r>e4 ,x may be recognis$ by its erect /ems & fl[]s ( a bright violet hue1 arrang$ 9 t]m9al spikes & g>ni%$ ) bracts2 :ile ! fl[]s are axill>y1 & =m no spike1 9 ! two species above describ$4 ,! ,scutell>i 7 fir/ describ$ ) accuracy & classifi$ by ,l9nu1 :o includ$ !m among 8 ,didynamia1 a class ( vegetables di/+ui%$ by ! unequal l5g? ( ! /am5s4 ,,! ,,=get-,,me-,,n4 ,ye field fl[]s6 ! g>d5s eclipse y1 'tis true2 ,yet1 wildl+s ( nature1 ,i dote ^u y1 ,= ye waft me to summ]s ( old1 ,:5 ! e>? beam$ ar\nd me ) fairy delight1 ,& daisies & butt]cups gladd5$ my sight1 ,l treasures ( silv] & gold4 ,ev5 n[1 :at affections ! violet awakes6 ,:at lov$ little isl&s1 f> se5 9 ! lakes1 ,c ! wild wat]-lily re/ore6 ,:at l&scapes ,i read 9 ! primrose's looks6 ,:at pictures ( pebbles & m9n[y brooks ,9 ! vet*es t tangle ! %ore6#fd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--;,a lov$ little isl&1 f> se5 9 ! lake4 ,h[ beautiful1 says ,miss ,pratt1 9 "o ( h] agreeable little books1#fe--;h[ beautiful are ! little isl&s ( ! /ream1 edg$ ) ! tall :ite mead[ sweet1 :i* s5ds its p]fume f> up ov] ! gre5 l&s t lie ar\nd1 & contra/s ) ! deep blue col\r ( ! purple loose-/rife6 ,! will[ h]b1 or codl9s-&-cream1 z ! *ildr5 call x1 gr[s 9 p]fection !re2 & !re1 too1 bloom ! little yell[ wat]-flag1 & ! vet*es1 & ! ri* wat]-lily1 :i*1 seat$ on its r\nd leaf1 seems to swim ov] ! cry/al /ream4 ,! wat]-planta91 ) its num]\s small p9k blossoms1 gr[s 9 ?ick clu/]s q d[n 9 ! wat]1 m+l+ ) ! :ite fl[]s & l>ge spe>-%ap$ leaves ( ! arr[-head1 or half %ad+ ! l>ge cup ( ! yell[ wat]-lily4 ,!n1 too1 ! blue-ey$ =get-me-n cov]s ! little isles 9 su* abundance t _m ( !m well des]ve ! "n ( azure isl&s4 ,! wat]-rat hides among ! fl[]s1 nibbl+ ) mu* glee at ! arr[-head1 or ru%+ out f "u its broad gre5 leaves2 & ! wat]-f[l1 foll[$ by h] "y1 sails across ! /ream 9 all ! /atel9ess ( matron dignity2 & ! little meek-ey$ daisy gr[s beside ! yell[ velvet fl[] ( ! silv]-we$1 or ! blue blossoms & succul5t leaves ( ! brook-lime4 ,! true ,=get-me-n1 ,myosotis palu/ris1 is inv>iably f\nd 9 m>%y localities or on ! banks ( /reams2 b ! ,mead[ ,scorpion-grass1 ,myosotis arv5sis1 is frequ5tly mi/ak5 = x4 ,! g5u9e article has a bright blue blossom1 mu* small] ?an1 b 9 %ape some?+ resembl+1 ! primrose2 9 its bract x has a drop ( gold1 & on ea* segm5t ( ! col\r$ portion ( ! fl[] is a small /reak or fleck ( :ite4 ,bo? ! true =get-me-n & ! false belong to ! ,borage family1 or ,borag9ace1 :i* includes sixty-sev5 kn[n g5]a1 & ne>ly n9e hundr$ species4 ,x is said t aft] ! battle ( ,wat]loo1 a rem>kable numb] ( =get-me-nots sprung up all ov] ! fatal field4 ,! circum/ance might well be made ! !me ( a poet's lay1 7 x n = a suspicion t ! little blue fl[]s belong$ to ! ,myosotis arv5sis species1 & n to ! ,myosotis palu/ris4 ,b :y ,myosotis8 ,?is ,greek comp\nd surely means m\se-e>1 & :at h ^! plants to d ) ! auricul> organs ( mice8 ,:y1 _! leaves 7 suppos$ to resemble 9 =m ! e> ( ,mus dome/icus4 ,! "n ( scorpion-grass orig9at$ 9 ! fact t ! top ( ! /em coils r\nd :ile ! buds are unbl[n1 l a scorpion's tail4 ,x is /range h[ quick ! common p h be5 to detect ^! analogies1 & to p]petuate !m 9 ! appellations !y h be/[$ on ! fl[]s ( ! mead[1 ! wood1 & ! gre5 lane4 ,! s+ul>ly beautiful "n ( ! ,myosotis palu/ris--we mean its common & non-sci5tific "n1--is ascrib$1 9 a well-kn[n ,g]man leg5d1 to ! dy+ knight :o1 hav+ v5tur$ at a dang]\s spot to pluck a h&ful ( ! bright blue blossoms = 8 lady-love1 fell into ! /ream1 & z he sank1 flung ! de>-b\ght spoil t[>ds h]1 exclaim+1 ,=get me n6 ,a m probable orig9 is sugge/$ by ,miss ,/rickl&4 ,h5ry ( ,lanca/] 7,h5ry ,,iv471 %e says1 appe>s to h be5 ! p]son :o gave x its emblematical & poetical mean+1 by unit+ x1 at ! p]iod ( 8 exile1 ) ! initial lett]s ( 8 wat*word1 ,s\veigne v\s de moi2 ?us r5d]+ x ! symbol ( remembrance1 &1 l ! subsequ5t fatal roses ( ,york & ,lanca/] & ,/u>t1 ! lily ( ,b\rbon1 & ! violet ( ,napoleon1 an hi/orical fl[]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we h said t ! scorpion-grass belongs to ! natural family ,borag9ace1 :i* receives its "n f ! common borage1 a bright blue fl[] ) v r\gh leaves4 ,all its memb]s are r\gh or hairy1 except ^? :i*1 l ! =get-me-n1 become smoo? f liv+ p>tly "u wat]4 ,! black /alks ( ! borage burn1 x is said1 l mat*-pap]1 & its root ent]s l>gely into ! composition ( r\ge4 ,its fl[]s 7 at "o "t held 9 great respect z a :olesome bitt] +r$i5t = a tank>d ( ale4 ,accord+ to ,pl9y1 if ! leaves & fl[]s ( ! borage be imm]s$ 9 w9e1 & t w9e drunk51 ! potion w make m5 bli! & m]ry1 & drive away all heavy sadness & dull melan*oly4 ,burton1 9 8 ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly1 also says ( x-- ,borage & hellebore fill two sc5es1 ,sov]eign plants to purge ! ve9s ,( melan*oly1 & *e] ! he>t ,( ^? black fumes :i* make x sm>t4 ,mo/ ( ! ,borag9ace are we$s1 b !y include a few ornam5tal g>d5-fl[]s2 z1 = example1 ! ,p]uvian heliotrope--! *]ry-pie ( ! *ildr5--:i* is well kn[n = ! fragrance ( its blue blossoms4 ,its ,greek "n ref]s to an anci5t belief t x always turn$ to meet ! sun2 b nei!r heliotrope nor sunfl[] exhibits any su* devot$ness t[>ds ! great orb ( day4 ,! poet's comp>ison-- ,z ! sunfl[] turns to 8 ,god1 :5 he sets1 ,! same look t he turn$ :5 he rose-- is v pretty & sugge/ive1 b un=tunately x is n true4 ,,! ,,lilies4 ,are we ju/ifi$ 9 class+ ^! among our summ] fl[]s8 ,well1 ! lily ( ! valley may1 p]haps1 be m ju/ly claim$ by ,spr+1 z x g5]ally unveils its beauty 9 ! mon? ( ,may2 b ! wat]-lily belongs to ,summ]2 &1 at all ev5ts1 x w be mo/ conv5i5t to speak ( !m 9 ?is category4 ,! lily ( ! valley 7,convall>ia majalis71--! ,may-lily ( old writ]s1--has long be5 a fav\rite type ( retir+ mode/y & t5d] lovel9ess4 ,x affects ! sil5ce & solitude ( ! woodl&s1 :]e1 9 ! %ad[ ( broad leaves & sweep+ bran*es1 ! inquir+ botani/ discov]s-- ,l detect$ light1 ,its little gre5-tipt lamps ( :ite4 ,%akspe>e1 :o neglect$ no?+1 ref]s to its g5tle humility ( attitude3-- ,%ipwreck$ ^u a k+dom :]e no pity1 ,no fri5ds1 no hope1 no k9dr$ weep = me2 ,almo/ no grave all[$ me6 l ! lily ,t once 0 mi/ress ( ! field1 & fl\ri%$1 ,i'll hang my head & p]i%4 ,our lily is a native ( cold & temp]ate c\ntries1 & nev] %akes its p5dant bells at ! bidd+ ( a hot ,ea/]n breeze4 ,x is v abundant 9 ,norway4 ,t agreeable writ] & obs]vant travell]1 ,h5ry ,+lis1 says3--,x /ood ev]y:]e ar\nd1 sc5t+ ! air1 & 9 su* pr(usion1 t x 0 sc>cely possible to /ep )\t bruis+ its t5d] /alks & blossoms4 ,i h n se5 ?is fl[] m5tion$ 9 any enum]ation ( ,norwegian plants1 b x gr[s 9 all ! we/]n p>ts ( ,norway 9 latitude #ei & #fj1 :]ev] ! gr\nd is free f =e/1 9 great] abundance ?an any o!r wild-fl[]4 ,z x w n live 9 hot c\ntries1 x _c be ! lily ( ! field :i* furni%$ our ,savi\r ) s fruitful a text = w>n+ & in/ruction4 ,?is1 9 all probability1 0 ! yell[ am>yllis1 or ,am>yllis lutea1 a fl[] be>+ "s resemblance to our yell[ crocus1 b mu* l>g]1 & ) broad] leaves4 ,its delicate blossoms escape f an undivid$ spa!1 or %ea?1 & are bell-%ap$1 ) six clefts & six /am5s1 :i* are alt]nately %ort & long4 ,! fl[] seldom rises m ?an ?ree or f\r in*es above ! soil1 accompani$ by gre5 leaves1 :i*1 aft] ! fl[]+ has pass$1 cont9ue to pres]ve _! fre%ness ?r\gh\t ! w9t]4 ,b "s au?orities are n cont5t ) ! yell[ am>yllis1 & put =? z ! true lily ( ! field1 ei!r ! n>cissus1 or ! gold5 lily1 or ! /ately cr9um1 accord+ to _! sev]al ta/es4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n connect$ ) ^! fl[]s by any botanical relation%ip1 & surpass+ !m all 9 beauty1 is ! ,wat]-lily 7,nympha alba71 ^: l>ge r\nd leaves & full :ite blossoms are ! glory ( s _m ( our seclud$ lakes & quiet /reams4 ,ev]ybody kn[s old ,izaak ,walton's qua9t eulogium on ! /rawb]ry3 ,d\btless ,god c\ld h made a bett] fruit1 b d\btless ,he nev] ha?4 ,9 l mann] ,i am incl9$ to say3 ,d\btless ,god might h creat$ a fair] fl[]1 b d\btless ,he nev] ha?4 ,alas6 l mo/ ?+s r>e & beautiful1 its exi/5ce is v brief6 pluck x1 & /raightway x vani%es1--l a poet's dream1 ! mom5t he attempts to realise x4 ,x is sometimes ass]t$ ( our wild wat]-lily t x retires bel[ ! surface ( ! /ream %ortly aft] noon1 rema9+ 9 ! liquid dep?s dur+ night1 & ris+ aga9 into ! light ( day at e>ly dawn4 ,^? :o are acqua9t$ ) ! haunts & habits ( ^! beautiful fl[]s "k t ?is is n /rictly correct1 z !y may (t5 be se51 by ! pale moonlight1 ly+ fold$ above ! wat]4 ,x is n impossible1 h[ev]1 t "s may s9k2 & c]ta9 x is1 t z ! sun sets !y close _! silv] vases4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--;,bright5$ by ! uplift$ cups ( our delicate naiads4 ,broad-leav$ are !y1 & _! :ite canopies ,are upw>d turn$ to cat* ! heav5's dew4 ,s says ,keats2 b ?is is true only :ile ! sun is ass]t+ 8 supremacy 9 ! azure sky4 ,& !n1 ! spectacle ( a calm1 ru%-fr+$ pool1 ne/l+ 9 ! %ad[ ( "s anci5t elms or droop+ will[s1 & bright5$ by ! uplift$ cups ( our delicate naiads1 is a sc5e ( surpass+ beauty4 ,we turn f ?is fav\rite fl[] regretfully1 murmur+1 z noveli/s say1 ,mrs ,hemans's graceful apo/rophe3-- ,oh6 beautiful ?\ art1 ,?\ sculpture-l & /ately riv] que51 ,cr[n+ ! dep?s z ) ! light s]5e ,( a pure he>t6 ,bright lily ( ! wave6 ,ris+ 9 fe>less grace ) e swell1 ,?\ seem'/ z if a _s meekly brave ,dwelt 9 ?y cell6 ,p]mit me1 read]1 ano!r quotation4 ,i take x f y\r & my fav\rite1 ,wordswor?3-- ,raptur\sly we ga!r fl[]y spoils ,f l& & wat]2 lilies ( ea* hue1 ,gold5 & :ite1 t float ^u ! waves1 ,& c\rt ! w9d4 ,! lily ( gold5 hue1 ! yell[ wat]-lily1 is ! ,nuph> lutea ( botani/s4 ,! c\ntry p1 on acc\nt ( its peculi> sc5t1 mo/ unpoetically call x br&y-bottle4 ,x is f> m pl5tiful ?an ! regal nympha2 its fl[] is n s full ( petals2 & x is by no means s h&some4 ,yet1 ) its smoo?1 glossy leaves1 & gold5 cups1 & long float+ /ems1 x fav\rably attracts ! eye4 ,we are told t its roots are nutriti\s1 & are frequ5tly p[d]$ & eat5 = bread 9 ,sw$52 t1 mix$ ) ! b>k ( ! ,scot* fir1 !y =m a cake mu* reli%$ by ! ,sw$es2 9 :i* case ! ,sw$i% palate c]ta9ly _c be c5sur$ z fa/idi\s4 ,^! roots are also burnt on ! he>?s ( f>mh\ses1 because _! smoke is reput$ to drive away ! crickets1 ^: *irp+ is sometimes too l\d & %rill to be deem$ musical4 ,assur$ly ?is is untrue ( _m p>ts ( ,engl&1 z ! cricket is popul>ly suppos$ to be lucky1 & no old c\ntry-wife w\ld all[ x to be driv5 away f h] sanctum4 ,! wat]-lily ( ! ,ea/1 ! beautiful ,lotus1--! ,nelumbium speciosum1 :i* is figur$ on s _m ,egyptian & ,indian monum5ts1--is ri* 9 blue & r$1 z well z 9 :ite blossoms4 ,^! are said to s9k q bel[ ! surface 9 ! ev5+ & dur+ ! night %ad[s2 :5ce ,moore says ( !m1 ) 8 artificial prett9ess-- ,^? virg9 lilies1 all ! night ,ba?+ _! beauties 9 ! lake1 ,t !y may rise m fre% & bright ,:5 _! belov$ sun's awake4 ,x 0 =m]ly abundant on ! ,nile1 & ! ,egyptians consecrat$ x to _! supreme god1 ,osiris2 b1 ) ! spl5d\r & my/icism ( anci5t ,egypt1 x has completely pass$ away4 ,b x is sc>cely less priz$ by ! ,h9dus1 :o h also consecrat$ x to "o ( _! deities4 ,a travell] ?us speaks ( ! sacr$ ,ganges 9 connexion ) x3--,! ri* & luxuriant clu/]s ( ! lotus float 9 quick succession ^u ! silv]y curr5t4 ,nor is x ! sacr$ lotus alone :i* embelli%es ! wavelets ( ! ,ganges2 l>ge :ite1 yell[1 & sc>let fl[]s pay an equal tribute2 & ! pr[s ( ! num]\s native vessels navigat+ ! /ream are g>l&$ by long wrea?s ( ! mo/ brilliant daught]s ( ! p>t]re4 ,india may be call$ a p>adise ( fl[]s3 ! mo/ beautiful lilies gr[ spontane\sly ^u ! s&y %ores ( ! riv]s1 & f e project+ cliff "s %rub dips its fl[]s 9 ! wat]s bel[4 ,no read] ( ,engli% poetry b is famili> ) ,t5nyson's ,lotus-,eat]s--a poem f\nd$ on ! old my? ( a p :o liv$ ^u ! insane root t takes ! reason prison]1 &1 beguil$ by its sweet intoxication1 ab&on$ !mselves to a /ate ( dreamy repose4 ,& r\nd ab\t ! keel ) faces pale1 ,d>k faces1 pale aga9/ t rosy flame1 ,! mild-ey$1 melan*oly ,lotus-eat]s came4 ,bran*es !y bore ( t en*ant$ /em1 ,lad5 ) fl[] & fruit1 :]e( !y gave ,to ea*1 b :oso did receive ( !m1 ,& ta/e1 to him ! gu%+ ( ! wave ,f>1 f> away did seem to m\rn & rave ,on ali5 %ores2 & if 8 fell[ spake1 ,8 voice 0 ?91 z voices f ! grave2 ,& deep asleep he seem$1 yet all awake1 ,& music 9 8 e>s 8 beat+ he>t did make4 ,!y sat !m d[n ^u ! yell[ s&1 ,betwe5 ! sun & moon ^u ! %ore2 ,& sweet x 0 to dream ( ,fa!rl&1 ,( wife1 & *ild1 & slave2 b ev]more ,mo/ we>y seem$ ! sea1 we>y ! o>1 ,we>y ! w&]+ fields ( b>r5 foam4 ,!n "s "o said1 ',we w return no m2' ,& all at once !y sang1 ',our isl& home ,is f> beyond ! wave2 we w no long] roam4' ,b ! lotus ( poetry is n ! ,nelumbium speciosum4 ,!re is "s difficulty 9 id5tify+ x ) any mod]n plant2 b ! g5]al op9ion seems to be1 t x 0 ! ,zizyphus lotus1 a species alli$ to ! ,zizyphus jujuba1 & includ$ 9 ! ,buck?orn family 7,rhamnace74 ,! read] w be by ?is "t aw>e t ( ! plants call$ by ! g5]al ,engli% "n ( lily1 "s h v little k9%ip to ea* o!r1 & o!rs none at all4 ,! little g>d5 fl[]s nam$ ,lilium 7f ! ,celtic ^w lis1 :it5ess7 are mo/ly v h&some4 ,b5 ,jonson1 speak+ ( ! ord9>y lily1 says1 v f9ely-- ,x is n gr[+ l a tree ,9 bulk1 do? make man bett] be1 ,or /&+ long1 an oak1 ?ree hundr$ ye>1 ,to fall a log at la/1 dry1 bald1 & se>3 ,a lily ( a day ,is fair] f> 9 ,may1 ,al?\gh x fall & die t night1-- ,x 0 ! plant & fl[] ( light4 ,! :ite g>d5-lily is a native ( ! ,levant1 b has become ?or\ghly naturalis$ 9 ,engl&1 & is "o ( ! commone/ b mo/ admir$ ornam5ts ( our cottage-g>d5s4 ,! old h]bali/s ?\ght highly ( its m$ic9al prop]ties1 & pron\nc$ x a c]ta9 rem$y = ! bite ( a s]p5t4 ,x is true1 at all ev5ts1 t its bruis$ petals are an excell5t cure = any ord9>y w\nd or bruise4 ,our ance/ors1 among _! o!r sup]/iti\s fancies1 ent]ta9$ ! extraord9>y belief t ! price ( a bu%el ( :eat 9 ! ensu+ season 0 =etold by ! numb] ( :ite cups :i* cr[n$ ! :ite lily's /em1 ea* cup be+ e/imat$ at "o %ill+4 ,i op9e t our mod]n f>m]s w\ld feel dissatisfi$ if ! ,m>k ,lane av]ages 7 regulat$ by ?is simple /&>d4 ,! common ,turk's-cap lily 7,lilium m>tagon7 is id5tifi$ ) ! anci5t hyac9?1 ! sangu9e fl[] inscrib$ ) woe4 ,! orange lily 7,lilium bulbif]um7 is a native ( ,s\!rn ,europe4 ,:5 ! ,dut* 7 at feud ) ! ,h\se ( ,orange1 !y 7 accu/om$ to root up ?is fl[] f _! g>d5s1 z "s solace to _! indignant feel+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4--,lily ( ! ,valley4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! g>d5 lilies belong to ! natural family ( ! ,liliace1 :i* includes ! foll[+ sub-ord]s3-- #a4 ,tulipe1 tulip tribe2 bulb\s plants1 ) ! segm5ts ( ! p]ian? sc>cely adh]5t 9 a tube4 #b4 ,hem]ocallide1 day-lily tribe2 bulb\s plants1 ) a tubul> p]ian?4 #c4 ,scille1 or ,alli1 squill or onion tribe2 bulb\s1 ) black & brittle te/a4 #d4 ,an!rice or ,asphodele1 asphodel tribe2 roots fascicl$ or fibr\s1 leaves nei!r coriace\s nor p]man5t4 #e4 ,convoll>ie1 lily ( ! valley tribe2 /em develop$ z a rhizome or tub]4 #f4 ,asp>age1 asp>agus tribe2 /em usually fully develop$1 arboresc5t1 bran*$ 9 "s cases1 & leaves frequ5tly p]man5t & coriace\s4 #g4 ,alonie1 aloes tribe2 /em usually develop$1 arboresc5t1 ) succul5t leaves4 #h4 ,aphyllan!1 grass-tree tribe2 *>act]is$ by a ru%-l habit & membran\s imbricat$ bracts4 ,,! ,,g5tians4 ,let me n[ direct y\r att5tion1 read]1 to a pretty plant1 ( v elegant appe>ance3 cr[n$1 z x is1 by a clu/] ( rosy fl[]s1 x w\ld n disgrace our well-kept p>t]res4 ,x is call$ ! common ,c5taury 7,ery?ra c5taurium74 ,y w nev] see x 9 ! fields side by side ) ! ,delph9ium2 b 9 ,july & ,augu/ w meet ) x frequ5tly on ! bord]s ( woodl& pa?s & op5 glades4 ,w\ld y create = y\rself by ! /udy ( nature a s\rce ( enjoym5t equally pure & inexhau/ible1 adopt a me?od ( classification = y\r own use1 &1 to facilitate y 9 ! task1 take = y\r types ^? plants :i* are at once ! commone/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ea* season4 ,q at y\r ease1 y may beg9 y\r analysis by exam9+ ! p>ts :i*1 l ! calyx & ! corolla1 mo/ attract y\r att5tion4 ,! mo/ rational plan1 h[ev]1 w\ld be1 to comm5ce ) ! se$1 & to foll[ x ?r\gh all ! wond]ful phases ( its life1 f ! developm5t ( ! embryo to ! maturity ( ! fruit4 ,un=tunately1 we are all compell$ to take "t into acc\nt2 "t is s mu* m preci\s ?an money1--x is ! measurem5t ( our exi/5ce4 ,und\bt$ly1 ! m9d1 ) its gigantic /rides1 l ^? ( an ,hom]ic god1 t5ds to ov]leap ! conf9es bo? ( "t & space4 ,b ! s5ses1 )\t ^: co-op]ation ! intellect c\ld n create sci5ce1 nev] fail to rem9d u t we are1 alas6 b mortals4 ,by ?is incessant appeal to ord]1 we are "u ! necessity ( do+1 n :at we w\ld1 b :at we c4 ,& ! "p we really play is1 consequ5tly1 mu* m mode/ ?an t :i* we love to imag9e ourselves z play+4 ,b to return to our fl[]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at see y 9 ! little c5taury :i* y hold 9 y\r h&8 7,fig4 #ef47 ,9 ! fir/ place1 a corolla ) five petals ( a delicate rose-hue1 v pleasant to ! sight4 ,take c>e6 ^? foliola are n petals1 if y give t "n to ! free p>ts ( ! corolla4 ,look at !m ?or\ghly4 ,y\r foliola are prolong$ at _! base 9 a n>r[ tube1 :i* is easily remov$4 ,if y _h begun "h1--if1 in/ead ( proce$+ f ! top to ! bottom1 y _h1 9 y\r analysis1 proce$$ f ! bottom to ! top1 y w\ld h acquir$ a :olly diff]5t view ( ?+s4 ,y w\ld h said t ! corolla is tubul>1 gre5i%1 ) a rosy limb1 deeply divid$ into five lobes4 ,& 9 s do+1 y w\ld h run no risk ( deceiv+ y\rself4 ,! indications giv5 by ,nature h]self are ! mo/ preci\s2 !y are ! lessons ( a tea*] :o _c err3 nev] pass !m by ) indiff]5ce or neglect4 ,9 y\r /udy ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( a vegetable1 foll[1 z f> z possible1 ! actual movem5t ( ! sap4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--,! ,common ,c5taury4 ,! calyx ( our g5tian has1 l its corolla1 ! =m ( a five-divid$ tube2 :i*1 inde$1 is "o ( ! usual *>act]s ( ! ,g5tian family4 ,b x is important "h to take notice ( ?is fact1 because x is n1 z at fir/ sight y w\ld suppose1 ! corolla1 b ! calyx1 :i* encircles ! base ( ! ov>y4 ,! tube ( ! corolla /ops t[>ds ! middle ( ! latt] organ1 & ne>ly on a level ) ! l9e> divisions ( ! calyx4 ,y mu/ be c>eful n to conf\nd ) ^! calyc9e divisions ! gre5 foliola :i* lie ar\nd ! base ( ! fl[]1 & :i* are nei!r m nor less ?an abortive leaves4 ,n[ call to m9d t ! fl[] is an union ( conc5tric :orls1 or ( r+s set "o )9 ano!r4 ,! /am9al :orl & ! c>pell>y :orl1 surr\nd$ by a d\ble p]ian? 7corolla & calyx71 are "h compos$--! fir/1 ( five /am5s1 & ! second ( a bilob$ ov>y1 surm\nt$ by a twi/$ /yle4 ,we may n[ exam9e m closely ! reproductive organs4 ,! /am5s are ins]t$ ^u ! top ( ! tube ( ! corolla1 & if y look at ! base ( _! filam5ts y w\ld be incl9$ to pron\nce x a foliace\s expansion1 or1 r1 a metamorphic d\bl+ ( ! corolla4 ,suppose ! /am5s to be ! result ( ! trans=mation ( ! petals1 ! filam5t w\ld be ! claw1 & ! an!r ! limb ( a foliole4 ,at lea/1 !ory w\ld tell y s4 ,b obs]vation w %[ t ^! are n petals *ang+ into /am5s1 b1 on ! contr>y1 /am5s *ang+ into petals2 z is se5 9 ! /]ile 7or d\ble7 fl[]s ( _m ( our ornam5tal plants1 & ev5 ( "s ( our fruit trees4 ,h[1 !n1 %all we conciliate !ory ) obs]vation8 ,look1 & y %all f9d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,obs]ve ! an!rs :i* surm\nt ! filam5ts4 ,!re is some?+ peculi>ly *>act]i/ic 9 !m4 ,z !y op5 & spread abroad ! poll51 !y visibly coil !mselves up 9 ! =m ( a spiral4 7,fig4 #eh47 ,ow+ to ?is twi/+1 !y are f\nd m or less incl9$ ^u _! filam5ts1 & are gift$ ) a consid]able mobility4 ,?or\ghly to und]/& ! relation betwe5 ! cont9u\s an!r & ! filam5t1 we mu/ exam9e ! /am5s be=e _! expansion1 :ile !y are /ill fold$ up )9 ! floral bud1 _! matrix4 ,! an!rs are !n q /raight1 &1 ) a magnify+-glass1 y c easily see h[ !y are ins]t$1 by ! l[] "p ( _! back1 ^u ! top ( ! filam5t1 ^: 7s-call$7 connective prolongation sep>ates ! two lobes ( ! poll5 receptacle4 ,! an!rs are !n introrse 7introrsum1 inw>dly7--t is to say1 _! face be+ incl9$ inw>ds1 !y look t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! fl[]1 occupi$ by ! /yle1 a fili=m prolongation ( ! ov>y2 ! apex ( ! /yle 7/igma7 is ?ick1 globulose1 & ( a gl&ul> /ructure4 ,! fruit1 result+ f ! metamorphosis ( ! ov>y1 is an elongat$ fusi=m capsule1 compos$ ( two lobes1 ea* conta9+ a v l>ge numb] ( extremely small se$s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4--;,an!rs ( ! ,c5taury4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! *>act]s we h j enum]at$ apply1 or ! majority ( !m1 to ! int]e/+ family ( ! ,g5tianace--a natural gr\p ( plants1 ne>ly all rem>kable = _! bitt]1 febrifugal1 & anti-scr(ul\s prop]ties4 ,! fl[]+ cymes ( ! common c5taury are v frequ5tly employ$ z a sub/itute = ! m$ic9al g5tian1 s well kn[n z a valuable tonic4 ,! m$ic9al g5tian is ! ,g5tiana lutea1--a plant gr[+ ab\t ?ree feet high1--:i* ?rives abundantly on ! ,pyr5ees1 & ! ,alps ( ,switz]l& & ,au/ria1 at an elevation ( #cjjj to #ejjj feet4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 s common n[ z =m]ly on ! ,alp9e heights1 ow+ probably to its great consumption1 b x is spread+ into _m di/ricts ( ,c5tral ,europe4 ,frequ5t en\gh 9 ! vic9ity ( ,p>is is ! ,*lora p]=ata1 a g5tian rem>kable = its glauc\s leaves & yell[ t]m9al fl[]s4 ,! ,g5tiana kurroo ( ! ,himalayas1 & ! ,briti% species1 ,g5tiana campe/ris & ,g5tiana am>ella1 possess ! tonic prop]ties ( ! family4 ,! ,*]itta ( ! ph>macopia is ! h]b & root ( ,aga?otes *irayta 7,ophelia *irata71 a h]bace\s plant :i* fl\ri%es 9 ! ,himalayas4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we mu/ n omit a ref]5ce to a ,lilliputian g5tian1 ! fili=m g5tian ( ,l9nu1 & ! ,exacum fili=me or ,cic5dia fili=mis ( o!r botanical au?orities4 ,its /em1 f two & a half to f\r in*es 9 l5g?1 is embelli%$ ) radical oblong leaves1 dispos$ 9 f\rs1 & %ort caul9>y leaves1 opposite & l9e>2 ! corolla is yell[1 ! calyx has f\r triangul> lobes2 ! /am5s also are f\r4 ,x is ?is pr$om9ant numb] :i* has induc$ "s botani/s to elevate our little g5tian into a species ( ,exacum or ,cic5dia1--two g5]a1 ( :i* ! fir/ 0 nam$ by ,adamson1 ! second by ,de ,c&olle4 ,z = ! t9y ,g5tiana pusilla1 or ,exacum pusillum1 we may look ^u x z a simple v>iety ( ! ,exacum fili=me1 diff]+ f ! latt] only 9 its %ort] & feebl] /em1 9 ! some:at n>r[] divisions ( its calyx1 & ! t9t ( its corolla1 :i* is ( a pal] yell[1 sometimes incl9+ to rose4 ,botani/s1 or lov]s ( fl[]s1 may gr[ z passionately fond ( g5tians z "s p]sons d ( tulips or hyac9?s4 ,b x is n 9 ,engl& or ,scotl&1 x is 9 ! ,alp9e pa/ures ( ,switz]l& only1 t y c hope to satisfy y\r ,g5tianomania4 ,,an ,,alp9e ,,excursion4 ,p]mit me1 de> read]1 to set d[n a few h9ts1 9 case y %\ld at any "t be dispos$ to make a pilgrimage into ! ,gold5 ,l&1 or ,el ,dorado1 ( botani/s & geologi/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4--;,an ,alp9e ,l&scape4 ,be=e y plunge into ! ,alps1 y w meet1 9 ! sub-alp9e regions1 among ! valleys :i* int]sect & ! mead[s :i* clo! ! l[] spurs ( ! ,jura1 ! ,g5tiana campe/ris4 ,x is a plant ( f five to six in*es 9 height1 ^: blue1 five-lob$ corolla1 ) its velvety gorge1 *anges into yell[ :5 dri$2 ! two out] tee? ( ! calyx are elliptical1 & mu* l>g] ?an ! o!rs4 ,y\r att5tion w h>dly be drawn to ?is t9y g5tian among ! cr[d ( m beautiful & attractive plants bloom+ ar\nd x4 ,"o excursion :i* y %\ld n fail to make is ! asc5t ( ! ,d5t de ,jaman1--! hi]oglyphic summit ( "o ( ^? *>m+ m\nta9s :i* mirror !mselves 9 ! ,lake ( ,g5eva4 ,?is classical1 &1 moreov]1 v easy asc5t1 has ! advantage ( c>ry+ y up a s]ies ( t]races1 s t ! "* ( ! vegetation *anges rapidly4 ,! acclivity beg9s at ! little t[n ( ,montreux1 situat$ ne> ! po9t :]e ! blue arr[y ,rhone p\rs its wat]s into ! en*ant$ lake4 ,f ,montreux to ! village ( ,glion1 y w be delight$ to greet y\r old acqua9tances3 ! famili> faces ( y\r native fields1 mead[s1 & woodl&s4 ,b soon a diff]5ce 9 ! "* ( ! flora =ces itself ^u y4 ,species :i* are r>] at home become tol]ably common1 z1 = in/ance1 ! yell[ digitalis 7,digitalis lutea71 s easily recognis$ by its cymes ( t9y fl[]s4 ,! vuln]>ia 7,an?yllis vuln]>ia7 is z widely diffus$ z ! trefoil 9 our ,engli% pa/ures4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a little above ,glion1--a picturesque village app>5tly hung ov] ! lake--! sub-alp9e region comm5ces4 ,ar\nd villas & mansions1 ne>ly all inhabit$ by ,engli% families1 y w f9d 9 abundance ! ,engli% m]cury 7,*5opodium ,bonus ,h5ricus71 & 9 ! %ady h$ges ! n>cotic ,h]b-,p>is 7,p>is quadrifolia74 ,! app>ition ( ! ,a/rantia major1 :i* resembles an artificial or fancy-creat$ fl[]1 w>ns u t we are pass+ beyond ! limits ( ! ord9>y flora4 ,i believe t we h no repres5tative 9 ,engl& ( t s+ul> umbellif]4 ,! ,alp9e pa/ures ( ! n>r[-ridg$ ,m\nt ,ca1 :i* resembles ! back ( a drom$>y1 exhale a fragrance l t ( ! fam\s ,swiss tea1 s mu* extoll$ z a rem$y aga9/ *ol]a4 ,! od\r ( ! hay-l(ts atta*$ to ! *lets--true %eph]d's huts--:i* rise at int]vals along ! back ( ,mont ,drom$>y1 is s p5etrat+ z to produce heada*e4 ,! hay owes its aromatic fragrance to ! musk-*]vil 7,myrrhis odorata71 ^: /rong /ems =m su* ?ick luxuriant pa/urages2 to v>i\s or*ide1 p>ticul>ly to ! ,nigritella suaveol5s1 rem>kable = ! int5se col\r--ne>ly black--( its fl[]s2 & f9ally1 to ! g5tians1 ^: sc5t is /rongly br\ght out by dry+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ri* close sw>d :i* bord]s on ! ,d5t de ,jaman provides ! h]boris] ) m ?an "o agreeable surprise4 ,y w be /ruck by ! beauty ( ! fl[]y tufts ( ! ,l9>ia ,alp9a1 rejoic+ 9 a deep sapphire blue4 ,y w also h an opportunity ( mak+ acqua9tance ) a campanula :i* is abundant on ,mont ,c5is 7,campanula ,cnisia72 its beautiful t]m9al fl[]1 ( a pale blue1 is *>act]is$ by ! long hairs :i* l9e ! op5+ ( ! corolla4 99 99 99 99 99 ,among ! g5tians1 ^? great ornam5ts ( ! ,alp9e pa/urages1 we %all direct ! att5tion ( our read]s to-- ,! purple g5tian 7,g5tiana purpurea71 & ! spott$ g5tian 7,g5tiana punctata74 ,^! are di/+ui%$ by _! pl5tiful appe>ance3 _! l>ge oval leaves1 & ! height ( _! vigor\s /ems1 recall ^? ( ! yell[ g5tian4 ,! features :i* sep>ate ^! two species are n v di/9ct3 ! corolla ( ! =m] is purple )\t & yell[ )92 t ( ! latt] is ( a bright yell[1 m>k$ by spots ( deep purple1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are n p]man5t2 ! calyx is campanulat$1 ) upright & lanceolate foliola4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,g5tiana acaulis contra/s s+ul>ly ) ! prec$+ species1 its /em be+ s %ort t "o is almo/ tempt$ to d5y ! exi/5ce ( any2 its l>ge corollas1 ( a bright cele/ial blue1 lie on ! gr\nd z if !y _h fall5 fre% f a b\quet4 ,we mu/ n conf\nd ?is species ) ! ,g5tiana pumila1 a mu* small] plant1 ) a v elongat$ calyx1 :i* gr[s abundantly on ! turf ( ,mont ,/ ,b]n>d4 ,! ,g5tiana v]na & ! ,g5tiana nivalis1 ) a corolla ( ! f9e/ azure1 inhabit ! l(tie/ po9ts ( ! ,alps1 :]e all vegetation beg9s to disappe>4 ,! =m]1 or ! g5tian ( spr+1 fl[]s1 9 ^! froz5 regions1 9 ,june & ,july2 x is "o ( tw5ty-f\r phan]ogam\s plants ( ! la/ vegetable /ation ( ,mont ,blanc4 ,?is /ation is =m$ by a s]ies ( v]tical lay]s ( protog5e1 :i* sep>ates ! upp] "p ( ! ,glaci] des ,bossons f t ( ,taconay4 ,! dbris ( ! rock1 decompos$ "u ! influ5ce ( atmosph]ic ag5cies1 =m1 9 ! mid/ ( ! nev1 t9y fl[]+ p>t]res--oases 9 ! des]t1 isl&s 9 ! va/ ocean ( ice & sn[4 ,!re1 %elt]$ by ! rocks1 & w>m$ by ! sun1 & refre%$ by ! sn[1 :i* rapidly melts 9 summ]1 ^! pretty plants ?rive & gr[ beautiful1 ?\gh _! brief exi/5ce is summ$ up 9 a few %ort weeks4 ,accord+ to ,*>les ,m>t9s1 ! phan]ogam\s plants :i* fl\ri% at an elevation ( #aj1jjj feet are ! foll[+3-- ,mean temp]ature1 #dg to #cf4 #a4 ,g5tiana v]na4 #b4 ,sil5a acaulis4 #c4 ,draba frigida4#ff #d4 ,draba fladniz5sis4 #e4 ,c>dam9e bellidifolia4 #f4 ,c>dam9e res$ifolia4 #g4 ,pot5tilla frigida4 #h4 ,phyteuma hemisph]icum4 #i4 ,pyre?rum ,alp9um4 #aj4 ,erig]on uniflorum4 #aa4 ,saxifraga bryoides4 #ab4 ,saxifraga ,gro5l&ica4 #ac4 ,saxifraga muscoides4 #ad4 ,saxifraga oppositifolia4 #ae4 ,&rosace ,helvetica4 #af4 ,&rosace pubesc5s4 #ag4 ,lazula spicata4 #ah4 ,fe/uca ,hall]i4 #ai4 ,poa laxa4#fg #bj4 ,poa csia4 #ba4 ,poa ,alp9a4 #bb4 ,trisetum subspicatum4 #bc4 ,agro/is rupe/ris4 #bd4 ,c>ex nigra 7,c>ice74 ,,! ,,pimp]nel4 ,accompany me to ! corn-field2 n = any disc\rse ^u ! /ate & prospect ( ! crops1 or on ! comp>ative value to man ( :eat or b>ley1 b = ! sake ( ! little r$ fl[] :i* %9es l a /> among ! gr[+ h>ve/4 ,y _c mi/ake x1 =1 ) ! exception ( ! t9y *aff-we$1 ! smalle/ wild plant :i* be>s a di/9ct fl[]1 x is ! only sc>let blossom 9 ! :eat-field1 except1 inde$1 ! r$ poppy1 :i* e good f>m] seeks to bani% f 8 l&4 ,m>k me1--,i say ! only sc>let fl[]2 = !re are sev]al--z1 = in/ance1 ! pheasant's eye1 or ,adonis--( a deep crimson4 ,! pimp]nel belongs to ! ,primrose family1 or ,primulace4 ,x has a five-cleft calyx1 & a monopetal\s corolla4 ,its /am5s1 ( an equal numb]1 are ins]t$ on ! corolla1 opposite its segm5ts4 ,x is a meteoric fl[]2 s-call$1 because x keeps itself %ut dur+ wet or cl\dy wea!r4 ,h5ce1 x is kn[n among c\ntry p z ! %eph]d's w>n+ or poor man's wea!r-glass4 ,& ,d>w91 enum]at+ ! v>i\s signs ( ra91 says ( x-- ,clos$ is ! p9k-ey$ pimp]nel2 ,9 fi]y r$ ! sun do? rise1 ,!n wades ?r\gh cl\ds to m\nt ! skies3 ',twill surely ra91 we see 't ) sorr[2 ,no work+ 9 ! fields to-morr[4 ,x %\ld be add$1 h[ev]1 t if ! ra9 cont9ue = sev]al days1 ! pimp]nel w lose its s5sibility1 & cease to act z a natural wea!r-glass4 ,& "h we may obs]ve1 t s+ul> z is ! habit ( ! fl[]s anticipat+ ra9 by fold+ _! petals )9 _! calices1 ! way :i* ! ,sib]ian s[-?i/le has ) x is /ill m curi\s4 ,?is plant1 dur+ t cle> wea!r :i* mo/ fl[]s affect1 keeps entirely %ut2 b z soon z a ?ick mi/ ov]spreads ! e>?1 or a cl\d obscures ! bright face ( heav51 x beg9s to op5 its light blue corolla4 ,ev]ybody kn[s1 or %\ld "k1 t :5 ! rob9 looks sad & droop+1 & ceases to greet y ) 8 wont$ bli!some /ra91 f\l wea!r is at h&4 ,_m animals1 by _! peculi> habits1 af=d equally c]ta9 indications ( approa*+ atmosph]ic *anges4 ,?is does n seem /range to u2 we acc\nt = x by ! in/9ct :i* e animal possesses1 9 a l>g] or small] degree4 ,b ! same anticipatory faculty is possess$ by sev]al plants2 !y feel ! increas+ moi/ure ( ! air long be=e x c be detect$ by ourselves4 ,?us1 :5 a /orm is at h&1 "s species ( anemones fold up _! blossoms2 ! fragrant fl[]s ( ! wild p9k convolvulus w9d !mselves toge!r2 ! awns ( ! wild oat1 & ! sweet-sc5t$ mead[-grass1 /& 9 an erect position1 & ! clov] leaves are drawn closely up4 ,naturali/s1 says ,pratt1 are unable to discov] :y "s plants %\ld be affect$ by moi/ure & o!rs n2 b ! regul> *anges ( ^! natural b>omet]s seem a provid5tial arrangem5t to supply c]ta9 wants ( ! fl[]s 9 :i* !y occur4 ,we may draw ?is inf]5ce f ! diff]5t positions ( sev]al fl[]s accord+ to _! circum/ances4 ,?us ! poppy1 :5 9 bud1 hangs d[n on its /em1 & pres]ves its petals f ra9 & w9d2 b z soon z x is fully develop$1 & has acquir$ /r5g?1 & ! sun's rays are necess>y to p]fect its col\rs1 x exp&s to ! full light ( day4 ,! violet1 aga91 :ile its se$ is =m+1 %ades ! capsule by its purple corolla2 b z soon z ! se$s are ripe1 & !y are requir$ to spr+ to "s di/ance f _! capsules1 ! fl[] imm$iately rises up ) ! cup = its support1 & fl+s abroad its (f]+ on ! e>?'s mat]nal bosom4 ,adaptations ( ?is k9d are frequ5t & /rik+ 9 ! vegetable k+dom1 & surely "o is ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ !m z ! "w ( an all-p[]ful & all-wise ,creative ,m9d4 ,look1 = in/ance1 at ! or*is3 x gr[s on ! gr\nd 9 ,europe1 & is consequ5tly provid$ ) roots =m$ ( l>ge lobes2 b :5 x fe/oons ! pill> ( ! virg9 =e/s ( ! ,new ,_w1 its roots are =m$ ( a numb] ( fibres1 s t !y may p5etrate ! b>k ( ! tree4 ,b to return to our pimp]nel4 ,x 0 at "o "t call$ ,c5tunculus1 f c5to1 a cov]+1 because x spread 9 su* abundance ov] ! cultivat$ fields4 ,its botanical "n 0 aft]w>ds *ang$ to ,anagallis arv5sis4 ,anagallis signifies to laugh1 & !re exi/$ an old belief t a decoction ( ! pimp]nel act$ z a rem$y aga9/ melan*oly1 & a provocative ( mir?4 ,! se$s ( ?is plant are v num]\s4 ,!y are enclos$ 9 small capsules1 & eat5 by ! birds4 ,!re is only "o o!r ,briti% species ( pimp]nel1 ! ,anagallis l9etta1 or bog pimp]nel1 :i* x w\ld be unp>donable if ! botani/ omitt$ to notice1 s delicately beautiful are its pale-rose blossoms & t9y clu/]s ( leaves4 ,z its "n indicates1 x is f\nd only 9 m>%y localities4 ,! blue pimp]nel 7,anagallis c]ulea71 ?\gh n a native ( ,engl&1 is f\nd occasionally4 ,x is describ$ z gr[+ 9 beautiful little tufts ab\t ! hills ( ,madeira1 & enliv5+ !m by its *e]ful col\r1 :i* may be> comp>ison ) ! azure ( ! sky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4--,! ,:eat-field1 ) its mass ( em]ald waves4 ,& "h we w take leave ( ! :eat-field1 ) its mass ( em]ald waves1 n[ beg9n+ to we> a gold5 glory on _! cre/s1 z !y ripple 9 ! g5ial sun%9e4 ,,animals4 ,! ,mole1 ! ,/aphyl9us1 & ! ,mole-,cricket4 ,d y he> t noise8 ,x seems to issue f b5ea? yond] heap ( pebbles at ! foot ( ! g>d5-wall4 ,surely ! /ones are mov+2 !y seem to be walk+ alone1 & ( _! own impulse1 = ,i _c see any?+ to set !m 9 motion4 ,let u draw ne> & exam9e ! my/]y4 ,ah1 :at a hide\s black creature6 ,x is retreat+ 9 a t]rible /ate ( al>m1 z if x felt itself pursu$ by "s =midable enemy4 ,?is hide\s creature is kn[n to ,fr5* g>d5]s by ! "n ( c\rtilire2 to naturali/s1 z a species ( ,/aphyl9us4 7,fig4 #fa47 ,its great & p]si/5t adv]s>y is ! mole3 a mammal at w> ) an insect6 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--,! ,/aphyl9us ol5s4 ,wat* well1 ,i pray y1 ! mole's movem5ts1 :i* y c d ! m easily t "h1 contr>y to 8 ord9>y cu/om1 he is w&]+ 9 ! op5 day2 ! light bl9ds him1--accu/om$ z he is to pass 8 life 9 ! subt]ranean gall]ies :i* he excavates by 8 own lab\r4 ,b if he does n see u1 he he>s u2 ! s\nd ( our foot/eps 0 suffici5t to make him prick up 8 e>s 7if we may s speak ( a mole71 & he rema9s motionless4 ,d n /ir1 or he w betake himself to flight1 & we %all lose an excell5t opportunity ( be+ pres5t at a v curi\s spectacle4 ,he is n[ reassur$4 ,he recomm5ces 8 manuvres1 pu%+ be=e him e little pebble :i* he meets )4 ,= ?is purpose he employs 8 elongat$ sn\t1 exactly z a pig grubs among ! uncleanness ( 8 /y4 ,b 8 next movem5ts are n ( a porc9e "*4 ,) feet broad z battl$ores1 ! mole1 :ile manuvr+ ) 8 nose1 quietly pu%es aside e clod :i* ?reat5s to ob/ruct 8 progress4 ,^! sidelong1 abrupt1 & j]k+ movem5ts rem9d y ( ^? ( a dog1 seek+ ) 8 paws to enl>ge ! op5+ ( ! burr[ :]e9 a rabbit has tak5 refuge4 ,! mole has ?us ! habit ( a hunt+-dog2 &1 to complete ! resemblance1 he /ops at int]vals 9 8 scrat*+1 & %akes ! du/ (f 8 head4 ,"o is q surpris$ to see a little mammal execut+ ! movem5ts we are wont to reg>d z peculi> to an animal mu* l>g] ?an he is4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! beetle quits 9 affright ! heap ( /ones :]e x _h hop$ to f9d an asylum2 x n[ crosses our pa?1 hold+ itself erect1 ) a m5ac+ air1 & its tail arm$ ) a =k$ b>b4 ,! mole foll[s 9 close pursuit3 :o w\ld h believ$ he c\ld run s quickly8 ,let u b> 8 passage1 & /udy him at our leisure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! fir/ ?+ we rem>k is 8 glossy hair1 :i* is s(t] to ! t\* ?an ! f9e/ velvet4 ,:]e are 8 eyes8 ,bl[ aside ! hair :i* cov]s 8 face4 ,!re !y are1 & !y resemble m9iature pe>ls ( a %9+ black4 ,h[ c\ld ,ari/otle say t ! mole _h no eyes8 ,to believe x y mu/ read ! ass]tion = y\rself4 ,& "h are ! v words ( ! au?ority :o1 = s _m c5turies1 0 accept$ z infallible3-- ,all vivip>\s animals h eyes1 except ! mole 7 74 ,!n1 z if a sudd5 d\bt _h seiz$ him1 & he 7 fright5$ at 8 own /atem5t1 ! illu/ri\s ,/agyrite ha/5s to add3 ,we might1 p]haps1 /rictly admit t he has4 ,b ano!r *ange comes ov] ! _s ( ! philosoph]'s dream2 8 hesitation vani%es1 & he imm$iately repeats & ju/ifies 8 =m] ass]tion 9 ^! t]ms3-- ,b1 c>efully consid]$1 ! mole does n see1 because he has no app>5t eyes ext]nally 7 ' 1 ' 74#fh ,^! la/ words d5ote--,i beg p>don ( ! manes ( a great philosoph]--an absolute want ( obs]vation4 ,evid5tly1 ,ari/otle _h n tak5 ! tr\ble to look be=e he made 8 /atem5t4 ,& d n ?9k t ?is curi\s indiff]5ce 0 peculi> to ! great ma/] ( ! ,p]ipatetic ,s*ool2 x *>act]ises m or less all ! philosoph]s ( antiquity1 z well z too _m :o h foll[$ 9 _! foot/eps4 ,pl9y has simply translat$ ,ari/otle :5 he says3--,among quadrup$s ! moles are want+ 9 ! s5se ( sight 7quadrup$um talpis visus non e/74#fi ,b x is a curi\s ?+ t bo? ,ari/otle & ,pl9y ma9ta91 t if y lift up ! sk9 :]e ! eyes ought to be1 y w p]ceive ! organs ( vision4 ,h[ c\ld !y remove ! sk9 )\t di/+ui%+ 9 x ! eyes1 l black & brilliant beads8 ,did !y practise anatomy1 l _! own imag9>y mole1 )\t eyes8 ,! :ole matt] w\ld be inexplicable if we did n take into acc\nt t =ce ( in]tia :i* b9ds man 9 *a9s ( iron1 9 ! moral _w z well z 9 ! physical4 ,to see1 to obs]ve2 to retrace "o's /eps1 t "o may see & obs]ve m di/9ctly2 is a lab\r repugnant to ! human m9d4 ,to create sy/ems1 9 ord] t he may proclaim himself a great doctr9al tea*]1 is ! "w :i* flatt]s man1 or ! creative p[] ( 8 imag9ation4 ,c5turies ( ef=t are ne$$ be=e he c dis5tangle himself f 8 self-wov5 ?rall 9 pres5ce ( ! ph5om5a ( nature4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a /rik+ peculi>ity 9 ! mole's /ructure is 8 h&s1 or feet1 ) _! five f+]s1 or toes1 turn$ outw>d1 & _! curi\s resemblance to ! human h&4 ,few animals exhibit a simil> con=mation4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ! /ructure ( ! =e-limbs indicates ! animal's burr[+ in/9ct1--! l5g? ( ! bone1 :i* corresponds to ! human radius1 or =e-arm1--! bread? ( ! h&s1--& ! b5d ( ! arms1 :i* are s fa%ion$ t ! elb[s project outw>dly4 ,does ! mole's burr[+ in/9ct lead x 9 que/ ( insects or ( vegetable roots8 ,accord+ to ! old traditional belief1 ! mole fe$s ^u roots4 ,f "t immemorial1 x has be5 look$ ^u z an animal s de/ructive1 t1 9 e c\ntry1 its de/ruction has be5 enc\rag$ by l>ge rew>ds4 ,well1 ?is belief1 transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 owes1 l s _m o!r traditions1 its au?ority to its antiquity1 & is devoid ( f\ndation4 ,! mole is an ess5tially c>nivor\s animal1 & no m lives ^u roots ?an ! dog or ! cat4 ,he is pre-em95tly ! hunt] ( ! :ite-worm & beetle2 & !re=e1 in/ead ( v[+ its ext]m9ation1 we ought to take e possible means to pres]ve & multiply 8 race4 ,^! absurd traditions & cr$ul\s notions1 :olly )\t any exp]im5tal confirmation1 frequ5tly lead u to take /eps 9 diametrical opposition to our own int]e/s4 ,moles are p>ticul>ly p>tial to mead[s :i* are some:at damp1 z1 = in/ance1 ^? :]e ! leafless col*icum displays1 9 autumn1 its pale-rose fl[]s4 ,9 summ]1 ! fields are cov]$ ) mole-hills4 ,x w be said1 p]haps1 t ^! conical heaps ( e>? are injuri\s to vegetation4 ,b t w be an error1 contradict$ by obs]vation4 ,mead[s bespr9kl$ ) mole-hills gr[ excell5t hay1 if c>e be tak5 to level !m2 = ! e>? ?us di/ribut$ s]ves z manure4 ,if !y are visit$ by ! moles1 x is because ^! animals f9d !re a pl5tiful supply ( ! rhizophag\s 7root-eat+7 insects1 on :i* !y fe$4 ,! =e/ is also a fav\rite haunt ( ! moles4 ,app>5tly !y f9d1 "u ! lay]s ( leaves & roots1 s ri* 9 l>v ( e k9d1 ! :]e)al to satisfy amply _! insectivor\s ta/es4 ,x is ! mole :i* g5]ally produces t ru/l+ ( ! dry leaves ! w&]] is s apt to attribute to a snake or an add]4 ,/& /ill = a mom5t1 & pati5tly wat*4 ,d y see t undulatory movem5t8 ,?ru/ y\r /ick rapidly into ! uplift$ heap4 ,!re is our p]sev]+ hunt]2 he /ruggles h>d to escape f 8 t]rible enemy1 b1 ) a little alacrity1 y w n f9d x difficult to capture him4 ,moles are among ! mo/ prolific ( mammals2 &1 9 fact1 7 x n s1 _! race w\ld h be5 long ago ext]m9at$4 ,we may1 p]haps1 v5ture to say1 t by multiply+ s prodigi\sly1 !y wi% to d u a s]vice 9 spite ( ourselves4 ,h[ t5d] is ! solicitude ( nature = ! ungrateful human species6 ,to see ! m>vell\s qualities ascrib$ to ! mole by ! anci5ts1 "o w\ld suppose t !y _h made him ! object ( _! special /udy4 ,yet1 z we h %[n1 !y c\ld nev] h wat*$ 8 habits ) any degree ( pati5ce4 ,!y saw ev]y?+ ?r\gh ! delusive prism ( _! imag9ation4 ,z a pro(1 we w tell y :at !y said ( ! mole4 ,s9ce ?is animal has be5 doom$ to a p]petual bl9dness1 & lives int]r$ b5ea? ! surface ( ! e>?1 l ! dead1 he possesses1 by way ( comp5sation1 "s extraord9>y qualities4 ,8 subt]ranean exi/5ce r5d]s him1 ( all animals1 ! mo/ capable ( religion 7nullum religionis capacius animal74 ,to acquire ! gift ( second-sight1 y mu/ eat ! he>t ( a mole1 :ile /ill beat+1 & fre%ly pluck$ f ! animal's body4 ,to cure too?a*e1 susp5d to y\r neck ! too? ( a live mole4 ,lymphatic p w ga9 9 /r5g? if spr9kl$ ) a mole's blood4 ,! a%es ( a mole are a sov]eign rem$y = scr(ula2 "s recomm5d = ?is disease ! animal's liv]1 o!rs ! "r foot1 & o!rs ! head4 ,! e>? ( mole-hills1 fa%ion$ into pa/illes1 & pres]v$ 9 a t9 box1 is an excell5t cure = all k9ds ( tum\rs1 & especially = abscesses on ! neck4#gj ,su*1 accord+ to ,pl9y's report1 are ! virtues ( ! mole1 z taught by ! ,magi4 ,! ,middle ,ages adopt$ ?is tea*+1 & ev5 to-day1 9 obscure rural di/ricts1 y w meet ) sup]/iti\s notions :i* rem9d y ( ! ideas ( ! anci5t wise m5 & necromanc]s ( antiquity4 ,we h ?us summ>is$ ! natural hi/ory ( our hunt]1 let u n[ say a few words respect+ ! game he pursues4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! insect be=e u is ! ,/aphyl9us ol5s4 ,its /udy has be5 mu* neglect$1 probably on acc\nt ( its repulsive appe>ance4 ,b1 conqu]+ our repugnance1 let u take ! creature betwe5 our =ef+] & ?umb4 ,see h[ vigor\sly x def5ds itself6 ,its =k$ app5dage is n =midable1 x is too s(t2 b take c>e ( its m&ibles6 ,) ^! h>d1 horny1 po9t$ p9c]s1 x pricks ! sk9 & draws blood4 ,n[1 br+ y\r nose close to ! frightful black insect at ! v mom5t :5 x appe>s ! mo/ irritat$4 ,come6 ,a little c\rage w conqu] y\r new feel+ ( disgu/4 ,:at d y smell8 ,a pleasant od\r ( r5net apples6 ,x rem9ds me ( t diffus$ by ano!r insect1 mu* less ugly ?an y\r ,/aphyl9us1 ! ,cicondela campe/ris4 ,x is ?is peculi>ity :i* expla9s ! specific "n ( odor\s 7ol5s7 giv5 to y\r captive4 ,z = its g5]ic "n1 ,/aphyl9us1 ,i h no means ( int]pret+ its etymology2 = ! insect's %ape has no resemblance to t ( a bun* or clu/]1--9 ,greek1 4 ,b ?is la/ ^w also signifies ! uvula1 &1 p]haps1 by ! ef=t ( a little imag9ation1 ! naturali/ may trace a similitude betwe5 t organ ( ! ?roat & ! body ( ! ,/aphyl9us4 ,! ,/aphyl9i are *>act]is$ by a v n>r[ neck1 :i* sep>ates1 z by a k9d ( web1 ! head f ! ?orax4 ,9 diffus+ ! peculi> od\r ( :i* we h j spok51 !y simultane\sly eject a musky volatile liquid conta9$ 9 two retractile :iti% bladd]s1 situat$ ne> ! anus4 ,!y run quickly1 elevat+ _! abdom5 l ! e>wig4 ,! ant5n1 ins]t$ 9 ! re> ( ! /rong m&ibles1 are ea* compos$ ( elev5 articulations1 ( :i* ! fir/ is ! longe/2 ^! jo9ts1 r\nd$ 9 =m1 are arrang$ l ! beads ( a necklace4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,/aphyl9i belong to t num]\s section ( insects ^: t>si are compos$ ( five articulations1 & :i* h !nce receiv$ ! "n ( ,p5taceii4 ,9 ?is section !y =m1 ) "s o!r g5]a1 ! family ( ,bra*elytr1 s call$ because _! elytra1 or w+-%ea?s1 are mu* %ort] ?an ! abdom54 ,our ,/aphyl9us ol5s is f9ely punctuat$1 some:at hairy1 & ( a dull black col\r4 ,?\gh v common 9 our g>d5s1 & :]ev] any putrefy+ sub/ances are to be f\nd1 its habits are n v well kn[n4 ,= if x 7 g5]ally und]/ood t x is an ess5tially c>nivor\s animal1 t x c>ries on a det]m9$ w>f>e aga9/ ! cat]pill>1 l>v1 & especially ! :ite-worm1 f> f seek+ to de/roy x1 m5 w\ld surely attempt to increase its numb]s4 ,x is a pro( t ! ,/aphyl9i are useful insects1 t !y are r>e 9 seasons :5 ! :ite-worms ab\nd1 z 0 ! case1 = example1 9 ! ye>s #ahfg & #ahfh4 ,! l>va ( ! ,/aphyl9us is z c>nivor\s z ! p]fect insect1 :i* x likewise resembles 9 =m4 ,to sum up3 9 e phase ( _! exi/5ce1 ! ,/aphyl9i r5d] imm5se s]vices to ! agriculturi/4 ,x is v desirable t ?is fact %\ld be g5]ally recognis$1 & _! rehabilitation g5]ally proclaim$4 ,,! ,,mole-,,cricket4 ,! habits ( ! mole-cricket are ne>ly ! same z ^? ( ! mole4 ,:5 w9t] approa*es1 x takes refuge und]nea? ! surface ( ! e>?1 & rema9s b5umb$ & le?>gic 9 its ne/ s long z ! cold la/s4 ,on ! welcome return ( spr+1 x makes its way back to ! light by a v]tical gall]y1 on :i* a great numb] ( lat]al gall]ies abut1 ! said lat]al gall]ies be+ ! roads x travels 9 pursuit ( its prey4 ,?is subt]ranean "w x executes ) its /rong =e-feet1 :i* are broad1 & unguiculat$1 or ind5t$1 mu* l ^? ( a mole4 ,h5ce its popul> "n ( ! mole-cricket 7,fig4 #fb1 a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4 ,^! insects 7( ! ,or?opt]a ord]7 belong to ! small family ( ! crickets--a family closely ak9 to t ( ! gras%opp]s4 ,?is close k9%ip has be5 recognis$ by ! poets1 & we f9d !m br\ght toge!r 9 a v *>m+ sonnet1 :i* _c be too frequ5tly p]us$ by any read]1 & :i* may !re=e be introduc$ z a relief to our dull] prose3-- ,gre5 little vault] 9 ! sunny grass1 ,cat*+ y\r he>t up at ! feel ( ,june1 ,sole voice t's he>d amid/ ! lazy noon1 ,:5 ev5 ! bees lag at ! summon+ brass2 ,& y1 w>m little h\sekeep]1 :o class ,) ^? :o ?9k ! c&les come too soon1 ,lov+ ! fire1 & ) y\r tricksome tune ,nick ! glad sil5t mom5ts z !y pass2 ,oh1 sweet & t9y c\s9s1 t belong1 ,"o to ! fields1 ! o!r to ! he>?1 ,bo? h y\r sun%9e2 bo?1 ?\gh small1 are /rong ,at y\r cle> he>ts2 & bo? 7 s5t on e>? ,to s+ 9 ?\ghtful e>s ?is natural song-- ,indoors & out1 summ] & w9t]1 mir?4 ,s s+s ,leigh ,hunt--a poet1 by ! way1 ^: he>t 0 ev] op5 at ! feel ( ,june1 & ^: g5ial writ+s1 :e!r prose or v]se1 :e!r delightful essays or melodi\s songs1 %\ld be read 9 ! happy summ]-"t1 :5 ! idl]1 recl9+ on ! sunny grass1 ) ! beauty ( an ,engli% l&scape ar\nd him1 wants ! companion%ip ( a g5tle _s & a ref9$ & heal?y intellect4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--,! idl]1 recl9+ on ! sunny grass4 ,! mole-cricket is1 l ! gras%opp]1 a *ild ( summ]4 ,x diff]s1 moreov]1 f ! cricket on ! he>? 9 lack+ ^? organs ( /ridulation 7excuse ! ^w1 k9d read]67 :i* m>k ! glad sil5t mom5ts ) _! tricksome 7& sometimes inconv5i5t7 tune4 ,_! po/]ior ?ighs h an app>5t bulg+ ab\t !m1 b ! legs are v %ort2 s %ort1 t our little fri5d c\ld n compete ) its c\s91 ! gras%opp]1 9 vault+ ex]cises1 ev5 7 x n o!rwise prev5t$ by its l>ge abdom54 ,nor is x mu* assi/$ by its w+s1 = ?\gh !y are broad1 !y are n organis$ = rapid flight1 & ! mole-cricket makes b little use ( !m4 ,nature1 h[ev]1 has comp5sat$ x = all ^! disadvantages by ! gift ( ^? /rong1 p[]ful1 flexible =e-feet ( :i* ,i h already spok54 ,! species g5]ally met ) 9 g>d5s1 corn-fields1 & or*>ds is ! ,gryllotalpa vulg>is ( ,latreille1 id5tical ) ! ,gryllus gryllotalpa ( ,l9nu4 ,x has a br[n head1 g>ni%$ ) ru/y-col\r$ m&ibles2 ! ?orax is ( a br[ni%-gray1 velvety1 t+$ ) r$ 9 ! =e p>ts2 ! elytra1 or w+-%ea?s1 :i* are mu* %ort] ?an ! abdom51 are gray1 & m>k$ by black & conspicu\sly prom95t n]ves2 ! w+s1 fold$ back l a fan1 are ab\t "o-f\r? long] ?an ! abdom54 99 99 99 99 99 ,! mole-cricket1--m>k me6--is no m ( a root-eat] ?an ! mole2 x is c>nivor\s1 l ! ,/aphyl9us4 ,z an exp]im5t 9 confirmation ( ?is /atem5t1 we %ut up "o ( ^! curi\s ,or?opt]as 9 a l>ge *e/ fill$ ) m\ld4 ,conceal$ 9 ! gall]ies :i* x spe$ily con/ruct$ = its use1 x f$ ^u l>v1 & nev] t\*$ ! c]eals :i* we _h s[n 9 ! e>?4 ,"h 0 a pro( t we _h to plead ! cause ( ano!r ( man's victims4 ,! mole-cricket ejects1 :5 pursu$ or torm5t$1 a blacki% liquid1 ^: e!realis$ od\r rem9ds "o ( ! peculi> smell ( c]ta9 rott5 apples4 ,! female1 l>g] ?an ! male1 lays h] eggs1 :i* are1 comp>atively speak+1 ( a tol]able size 7,fig4 #fb1 b71 at "s dep? und]gr\nd4 ,! "y1 :5 hat*$1 resemble _! p>5ts1 except t !y are :ite1 & possess m]ely ! rudim5ts ( w+s4 ,if ! mole-cricket1 9 its subt]ranean progress1 enc\nt]s any roots1 x cuts !m ) its m&ibles1 n to fe$ ^u !m1 b to get rid ( an ob/acle2 h5ce ! mis*ief ( :i* ! f>m] accuses x1 ?\gh ?is slight am\nt ( injury is altoge!r outweigh$ by its s]vices 9 de/roy+ a sw>m ( insects4 ,p]haps1 !re=e1 we mu/ n blame ! f>m] = ! ho/ility ) :i* he pursues x1 especially if we are to accept z a true picture ( its do+s ! sket* rec5tly drawn by a popul> writ]3-- ,x is easy to und]/& t an insect :i* und]m9es l& 9 ?is way mu/ cause great damage to cultivation 7674 ,:e!r ! crops s]ve x = food or n1 !y are n ! less de/roy$ by its und]gr\nd burr[+s4 ,l&s infe/$ by ! mole-cricket are recognisable by ! col\r ( ! vegetation1 :i* is yell[ & )]$2 & ! rubbi% :i* ^! m9]s heap up at ! side ( ! op5+s lead+ to _! gall]ies1 resembl+ mole-hills 9 m9iature1 betrays _! pres5ce to ! f>m]4 ,if1 ,i say1 ?is be a true picture1 we _c wond] at ! means employ$ by ! f>m] to cle> 8 fields ( su* dang]\s t5ants4 ,! plan g5]ally adopt$ is to dig1 at int]vals1 a numb] ( little tr5*es1 :i* are fill$ up ) c[-dung1 well trodd5 d[n4 ,! suppos$ root-eat]s assemble 9 ^! w>m ne/s2 & e f\r? or fif? day1 a lab\r]1 arm$ ) a pit*=k1 scoops up ! manure at a s+le /roke1 & scatt]s x ov] ! gr\nd1 :ile ano!r cru%es ! un=tunate ,gryllotalp z fa/ z !y make _! appe>ance4 ,,! ,,e>wig4 ,next to ! dome/ic fly1 ! e>wig is1 p]haps1 "o ( our commone/1 &1 let u add1 "o ( our mo/ tr\blesome1 insects4 ,:5ce comes its popul> appellation8 ,f a m]e fable4 ,to amuse ! silly--alas6 h[ great _! numb]6--m>vell+1 )\t d\bt1 at ! spectacle ( an insect's tail arm$ ) /rong p9c]s1 "s je/] wi%$ to trans=m x into a t]rible animal2 & !re=e he pret5d$ t x introduc$ itself into ! human e>1 & f !nce p5etrat$ to ! bra91 ) ! view ( driv+ out its proprietor1--i4e41 ! m9d or _s :i* animates x4 ,only1 ! orig9ator ( ?is absurd bugbe> =got "o little fact3 !re is no op5+ by :i* ! e> c communicate ) ! bra96 ,z = ! p9c]s1 !y are n s =midable z !y appe>4 ,?is "*1 h[ev]1 has be5 consid]$ a suffici5t f\ndation by ! naturali/s1 ev5 by ,l9nu himself1 = ! insect's sci5tific "n1 ,=ficula auricul>ia1 :i* is almo/ lit]ally translat$ by ! ,fr5* oreille-p9ce1--our ,engli% e>wig or e>-pi]c]4 7,fig4 #fd47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4--,! ,e>wig 7,=ficula auricul>ia74 ,:at dress is to man1 _! w+s are to insects2 by ^! we di/+ui% !m1 at ! fir/ glance1 f "o ano!r4 ,! elytra1--^? horny %ea?s :i* protect ! membran\s w+s1--embrace1 9 ! ,coleopt]a1 ! entire upp] surface ( ! long annulat$ abdom51 & resemble v>i-col\r$ *lamydes4 ,b n[1 look = ! elytra ( our ,=ficula4 ,y w h>dly believe t !y are repres5t$ by ?is k9d ( abbreviat$ light-br[n jacket1 :i* does n ext5d bel[ ! middle ( ! back4 ,d y obs]ve yond] :iti% spots8 ,!y indicate ! tips ( ! w+s1 :i* are long] ?an _! cov]s4 ,lift up "o ( ! elytra ) y\r p5knife1 & y w f9d t ! w+ :i* x p>tly scre5s is wor? y\r att5tion4 ,! =e "p 7we %\ld call x ! upp]1 if ! animal walk$ erect l a man7 is /raight1 & )\t a fold4 ,raise x ) a p9 to see ! po/]ior or l[] "p4 ,obs]ve1 x curves und]nea? s z to b9d ! int]m$iate portion l a fan4 ,b ?is flabelli=m w+1--( tol]able dim5sions :5 unfold$1--seems int5d$ by ! ,creative ,?\ght only to m>k its unity ( plan3 ! e>wig does n fly1--x secures its food by crawl+4 ,! elytra & ! w+s1 inconspicu\s z !y are1 produc$ s great an impression on ! e>ly naturali/s1 t !y made !m ! pr9cipal *>act]i/ics ( an entire ord] ( insects4 ,de ,ge]1 a celebrat$ ,sw$i% naturali/1 nam$ !m ! ,d]mapt]a 7f 1 sk91 & 1 w+71 9 allusion to ! transp>5t sk9-l appe>ance ( ! elytra4 ,?is "n1 ?\gh adopt$ by ,kirby1 has n be5 pres]v$4 ,a ,fr5* entomologi/ sugge/$ ! designation :i* is n[ 9 use1--,or?opt]a 7f 1 /raight1 & 71--ref]r+ to ! mann] 9 :i* ! w+s are fold$ und]nea? ! elytra4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h we mu/ pause to recapitulate = ! b5efit ( our y\ng] read]s1 & to avoid confusion1 ! v>i\s ord]s into :i* ! insect _w is divid$4 #a4 ,apt]a 7f 1 )\t1 & 1 a w+71--w+less4 ,examples--,flea1 l\se1 *igo4 #b4 ,dipt]a 71 two1 & 71--two-w+$4 ,sub-divid$ into ,nemoc]a1 hav+ six-jo9t$ ant5n2 ,bra*yc]a1 hav+ ?ree-jo9t$ ant5n4 ,examples--,gnat1 tipula2 ,may-fly1 gad-fly4 #c4 ,hemipt]a 71 half1 & 71--half-w+$4 ,sub-divid$ into ,het]opt]a1 ) w+s ( diff]5t textures2 ,homopt]a1 ) w+s ( "o sub/ance4 ,examples--,l&-bug1 wat]-bug2 cicada1 lant]n-fly4 #d4 ,lepidopt]a 71 a scale1 & 71--scaly-w+$4 ,examples--,tig]-mo?1 butt]fly1 silkworm4 #e4 ,or?opt]a 71 /raight1 & 71--/raight-w+$4 ,examples--,e>wig1 cockroa*1 locu/4 #f4 ,/ym5opt]a 71 a membrane1 & 71--membran\s-w+$4 ,examples--,bee1 wasp1 ant4 #g4 ,neuropt]a 71 n]ve1 & 71--n]ve-m>k$ w+s4 ,examples--,dragon-fly1 caddis-fly1 ant-l94 #h4 ,/repsipt]a 71 a twi/+1 & 71--curl$ or twi/$ w+s4 ,examples--,x5os1 el5*us4 #i4 ,coleopt]a 71 a %ea?1 & 71--%ea!d w+s4 ,examples--,beetle1 cock*af]4 ,! ord] ( ,or?opt]a1 ) :i* we are n[ conc]n$1 is n v well kn[n4 ,! reason is1 p]haps1 t ! insects belong+ to x--e>wigs1 cockroa*es1 gras%opp]s1 crickets--are n less disagreeable ?an useless1 s f> z man is conc]n$4 ,be+ ne>ly all ( !m omnivor\s1 l man himself1 !y frequ5tly aid him1 v mu* aga9/ 8 incl9ation1 9 ! consumption ( natural products ( e k9d4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ t ! species ( great animals are f> few] 9 numb] ?an ^? ( ! little4 ,?is rem>k applies ) peculi> =ce to ! ,or?opt]a1 :i* d n include ne>ly s _m small species z ! ,coleopt]a4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! e>wig is ! type ( ! t9y gr\p ( ! ,=ficulid1 ( :i* two species only are kn[n to ! common _w--! ,=ficula auricul>ia & ! ,=ficula m9or4 ,! fir/ species ev]ybody is acqua9t$ )4 ,we h already spok5 ( its elytra & its w+s2 b we n[ say a ^w ^u ! two extremities ( its body4 ,! two ant5n1 :i* cr[n ! head1 are extremely mobile1 ow+1 ( c\rse1 to ! num]\s articulations ( :i* !y are made up4 ,^! are f\rte5 9 numb] 7if we include ! base1 :i* is itself compos$ ( two movable p>ts74 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 !re are b twelve2 = we ought to elim9ate ! base1--because1 9 =m & size1 x diff]s greatly f articulations prop]ly s call$1--&1 at ! same "t1 to reg>d z "o ! articulation or jo9t ins]t$ 9 x4 ,9 f9e1 ,i am ( op9ion1 contr>y to ! g5]al conclusion1 t ! ant5n ( ! e>wig consi/ b ( twelve articulations1 bri/l+ ) hairs1 & easily c\nt$ almo/ by ! unassi/$ eye4 ,) ! help ( a microscope1 ! obs]v] c easily di/+ui% ! l>ge n]vure trav]s+ !m f top to bottom1 & communicat+ to ! ant5n _! *>act]i/ic s5sibility & mobility4 ,! br[ni%-col\r$ abdom51 compos$ ( imbricat$ r+s1 =ms1 9 itself alone1 upw>ds ( half ! body4 ,! animal c move itself 9 e direction2 c b5d & twi/ l a "y eel4 ,to ! la/ ( its r+s1 :i* is l>g] ?an ! o!rs1 are atta*$ ! two curv$ bran*es ( ! =ceps 7=ficula74 ,^! are weapons ( def5ce r ?an ( attack4 ,at ! same "t1 !y are useful z a sexual di/9ction4 ,! =ceps ( ! male are /rongly ar*$1 & furni%$ ) ind5tations p]fectly visible to ! nak$ eye 7see ,fig4 #fd1 a72 ^? ( ! female are sc>cely b5t at all1 & _! ind5tations c only be se5 ) ! microscope4 ,9 num]\s individuals1 ! la/ r+ ( ! abdom5 is provid$ ) f\r tub]cles1 "o 9 ea* side & two 9 ! middle2 b ?is is n a uni=m *>act]i/ic4 ,! e>wig is a trim]al insect2 t is1 its t>si are ea* compos$ ( ?ree jo9ts4 ,its m&ibles are comp>atively weak4 ,! mom5t y t\* x1 ! insect raises1 ) great quickness1 ! extremity ( its supple body1 & endeav\rs to def5d itself ) its p9c]s4 ,! female lays h] eggs *iefly 9 ! *9ks & crannies ( "t-worn timb]1 & ! l>v issu+ f !m d n diff]1 9 any mat]ial respect1 f ! p]fect insect4 7,see ,fig4 #fd1 b47 ,! small species1 kn[n z ,=ficula m9or1 is n v common4 ,x is ab\t half ! size ( its bett]-kn[n cong5]1 & is also di/+ui%$ f x by its jo9ts1 t5 9 numb]1--by its legs1 ( a v pale yell[1--& by its p9c]s1 :i* are n only v %ort1 b almo/ /raight1 & sc>cely m>k$1 ev5 9 ! male1 ) any ind5tations4 ,m1 ! w+s are ( ! col\r ( ! elytra1 & )\t any :ite spots4 ,?is species is *iefly met ) 9 ! spr+-"t1 & !n 9 damp s&y localities1 ne> ponds & riv]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r1 & /ill r>] species1 to :i* we may p]mit ourselves an allusion1 has yell[ p9c]s1 r black at ! extremity1 & g>ni%$ inside1 t[>ds ! middle1 ) a horny tub]cul> projection4 ,9 ! ,pyr5ees a species has be5 f\nd :i* has no w+s at all1 & has !re=e be5 nam$ ,=ficula apt]a4 ,our read]s w n[ inquire1 ,:at is ! use ( ?is curi\sly con/ruct$ animal8 ,is x n an abom9ation to ! g>d5]8 ,well1 we admit t x eats up ! leaves ( 8 plants1 & ! petals ( 8 fl[]s1 especially ( ! dahlia2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 x de/roys ^? f> m injuri\s insects1 ?rips1 aphis1 & ! l4 ,b x has a peculi> int]e/ = ! sci5tific /ud5t f ! po9t ( view ( :at we may call its muscul> dynamometry1--its p[] ( traction1 :i* is f> sup]ior to t ( our /ronge/ quadrup$s4 ,d y d\bt ! tru? ( ?is ass]tion8 ,try1 !n1 ! foll[+ exp]im5t4 ,fa/5 to ! insect's p9c]1 or =ceps1 ) a ?read1 a halfp5ny1 :i* w weigh ab\t two gra9s1 :ile ! weight ( its body1 on an av]age1 w n exce$ five c5tigrammes4 ,give ! insect free c\rse ov] a %eet ( pap]1 & y w see x drag along ! co9 l a light *>iot4 ,our animal is1 !re=e1 capable ( draw+ a burd5 fifty times heavi] ?an its own body4 ,a man ( elev5 /one w\ld1 9 ! same ratio1 be able to drag #ggjj lbs4 ,nei!r man nor horse c ent]1 9 ?is respect1 into competition ) ! e>wig4 ,if all ! memb]s ( ! animal k+dom 7 classifi$ accord+ to _! p[] ( traction1 x is probable t ! po/ ( hon\r at ! top ( ! li/ w\ld be occupi$ by our despis$ ,=ficula auricul>ia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! idea ( a muscul> dynamometry ( insects is n s new z "o might be tempt$ to ?9k x4 ,f "t immemorial m5 h be5 /ruck1 )\t be+ able to acc\nt = x1 by ! enorm\s disproportion exi/+ betwe5 ! weight ( a flea & ! =ce or en]gy display$ by its extraord9>y b\nds4 ,h5ce ! popul>ity ( a rec5t exhibition 9 ,london ( ,p]=m+ ,fleas4 ,pl9y1 eighte5 c5turies ago1 ass]t$ t ! muscul> /r5g? ( ! ants exce$$ t ( all o!r animals1 if we comp>$ ! burd5 !y 7 able to c>ry ) ! dim9utiv5ess ( _! bodies4 ,si quis comp>et on]a corporibus e>um1 fateatur nullis portione vires esse majores4#ga ,9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 ?is int]e/+ "q 0 tak5 up by ,borelli1 ,lahire1 ,buffon1 & ,gu5eau de ,montbeli>d4 ,rec5tly x has be5 reviv$1 ) mu* ability1 by ,felix ,plateau1 ^: exp]im5ts h prov$ t ! insects1 9 comp>ison ) _! weight1 possess an uncommon muscul> =ce1 f> beyond t ( v]tebrate animals2 t 9 ! same gr\p ( insects ?is =ce v>ies 9 diff]5t species2 & t 9 ! small species x is (t5 ( a/\nd+ en]gy4 ,! muscles are enclos$ 9 solid %ea?s 7s to speak71 :i* con/itute ! jo9t$ limbs ( insects1 & ! ?ickness ( ! sides ( ^! %ea?s seems to decrease 9 ratio ) ! size4 ,no relation1 !re=e1 exi/s betwe5 ! /ature ( individuals & ! volume & /r5g? ( _! muscles4 ,a giant may be weak] ?an a dw>f4 ,"h is ano!r my/]y = sci5ce to reveal6 99 99 99 99 99 ,b we mu/ take leave ( our e>wig4 ,its ,engli% "n is d]iv$ by "s au?orities f e>1 & ! old ,engli% wiega1 a worm or grub1--id5tical ) ! ,g]man ob]wurm1 & bas$1 ( c\rse1 on ! fiction :i* we h already explod$4 ,newman1 h[ev]1 sugge/s a some:at diff]5t "n1 &1 consequ5tly1 a diff]5t etymology3#gb--,! %ape ( ! h9d w+s1 he says1 :5 fully op5$1 is ne>ly t ( ! human e>2 & f ?is circum/ance x seems highly probable t ! orig9al "n ( ?is insect 0 e>w+4 ,b we _c agree ) ,mr ,newman4 ,x rema9s to be add$1 t ! female e>wig sits ^u h] eggs1 & hat*es !m l a h52 & l a h51 too1 %e ga!rs h] "y ar\nd h] ) evid5t affection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4--,l&scape4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #eh3 ,! t]m p]ian? is usually conf9$ to ! fl[]s ( ,endog5s1 :atev] col\rs !y pres5t1 :e!r gre51 z 9 asp>agus1 or col\r$1 z 9 tulip4 ,"s use ! t]m z a g5]al "o1 & re/rict ! use ( p]igone to cases :]e a pi/il is pres5t1 n apply+ x to unisexual fl[]s1 9 :i* /am5s only are produc$4--,pr(essor ,balf\r1 ,manual ( ,botany1 p4 #afi4 ,footnote #ei3 ,hom]1 ,odyssey1 ,book xix41 l9e #ebj4 ,footnote #fj3 ,grew1 ,anatomy ( ,plants1 p4 #adg4 ,footnote #fa3 ,b>ry ,cornwall4 ,footnote #fb3 ,tragus1 ,hi/oria ,/irpium1 p4 #caj 7ed4 #aeeb74 ,footnote #fc3 ,fabius ,columna 7,fabio ,colonna71 an ,italian man ( sci5ce1 :o di$ 9 #afej1 at ! age ( eighty-?ree4 ,footnote #fd3 ,?omas ,campbell4 ,footnote #fe3 ,anne ,pratt1 ,fl[]s & _! ,associations 7ed4 #ahdf74 ,footnote #ff3 ,draba aretoides has be5 f\nd on ,*imborazo at #af1jjj feet4 ,footnote #fg3 ,poa annua gr[s at an elevation ( #gdjj feet4 ,footnote #fh3 ,ari/otle1 ,hi/4 ,animal41 i4 #i4 ,footnote #fi3 ,pl9y1 ,hi/4 ,nat41 xi4 #eb4 ,footnote #gj3 ,pl9y1 ,hi/4 ,nat41 xxx4 #g1 #ab1 #bd4 ,footnote #ga3 ,pl9y1 ,hi/4 ,nat41 xi4 #cf4 ,footnote #gb3 ,newman1 ,introduction to ! ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,insects4 ,,book ,,iv4 ,,autumn4 ,:]e are ! songs ( spr+8 ,ay1 :]e are !y8 ,?9k n ( !m2 ?\ ha/ ?y music too1 ,:ile b>r$ cl\ds bloom ! s(tly dy+ day1 ,& t\* ! /ubble-pla9s ) rosy hue2 ,!n 9 a wailful *oir ! small gnats m\rn ,among ! riv] %all[s1 borne al(t ,or s9k+ z ! light w9d lives or dies2 ,& full-gr[n lambs l\d bleat f hilly b\rn2 ,h$ge crickets s+2 & n[ ) treble s(t ,! r$brea/ :i/les f a g>d5 cr(t1 ,& ga!r+ swall[s twitt] f ! skies4 --,,keats4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x 0 a fair & mild autumnal sky1 ,& e>?'s ripe pleasures met ! admir+ eye1 ,z a ri* beauty1 :5 h] bloom is lo/1 ,appe>s ) m magnific5ce & co/4 --,,crabbe4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,9 ,,! ,,heav5s4 ,! contemplation ( ! works ( creation elevates ! m9d to ! admiration ( :atev] is great & noble1 accompli%+ ! object ( all /udy1 :i* is to inspire ! love ( tru?1 ( wisdom1 ( beauty1 especially ( goodness1 ! highe/ beauty1 & ( t supreme & et]nal ,m9d :i* conta9s all tru? & wisdom1 all beauty & goodness4--,,m>y ,,som]ville4 ,illu/ration ,to disc]n ! lum9\s po9t :i* %\ld guide u 9 ! %ad[s ( ! inf9ite1 is ! gift ( g5ius4 ,! fir/ to disc]n ?is po9t 9 a/ronomy1 ! illu/ri\s ,kepl] !reby succe$$ 9 =mulat+ ^? laws1 or r rules1 by :i* ! movem5ts ( ! />s are regulat$4 ,h[ did he succe$8 ,h[ did he arrive at a goal s mu* to be desir$8 ,by intellig5ce 9 full possession ( itself4 ,x 0 by ab/ract+ 8 ?\ghts f all sy/ematic conceptions1--! %ackles ( sci5ce2 x 0 by defy+ ! traditional au?ority :i* _h s long enslav$ m5's m9ds2 x 0 by int]rogat+ nature1 :i* leaves all lib]ty to h] int]rogator1 t ,kepl] 0 able to des]ve & w9 ! glori\s title ( legislator ( ! heav5s1--a title :i* we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 und]/& too lit]ally2 x be>s witness only to ! p[] ( intellect4 ,let u attempt1 at a mode/ di/ance1 to proce$ l ,kepl]2 let u make a/ronomy )\t tr\bl+ ourselves conc]n+ a/ronom]s4 ,?is is ! sole means ( seiz+ ! lum9\s po9t :i* %\ld guide our /eps4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! movem5t1 9 virtue ( :i* e /> p]=ms ! circuit ( heav5 9 f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs1 is incessantly reproduc$ 9 a uni=m & a con/ant mann]4 ,! acquisition ( ?is fir/ fact1 simple z x seems1 0 a some:at labori\s task1 & und\bt$ly dates back to a di/ant antiquity4 ,b n[ comes ano!r fact1 :]e obs]vation dem&s ! close/ m5tal att5tion1 & :i* is ( a m rec5t discov]y4 ,to compreh5d x cle>ly1 let u fir/ call to m9d t ! mom5t :5 ! sun crosses ! ,equator1--:e!r to return into ! nor!rn hemisph]e 7at ! spr+ equ9ox71 or into ! s\!rn 7at ! autumn equ9ox71--is in/antane\s4 ,m ?an "o way exi/s ( det]m9+ ?is mom5t exactly2 b "h we ne$ n ent] ^u ! subject4 ,is ! int]val ( "t occupi$ by ! sun 9 travell+ f ! spr+ to ! autumn equ9ox equal to ! int]val :i* our lum9>y requires to pass f ! autumn equ9ox to ! v]nal8 ,a s+ul> "q1 y reply4 ,:o1 inde$1 w\ld v5ture to ma9ta9 t ! numb] ( days1 h\rs1 m9utes1 seconds1 0 n exactly ! same 9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r8 ,well1 ! p]iod is n ! same2 &1 !re=e1 m]ely to prop\nd ?is "q 0 a ma/]piece ( g5ius4 ,= no ord9>y intellectual audacity 0 ne$$ to d\bt ! reality ( ! suppos$ p]fect circle :i* ! sun app>5tly describes--accord+ to ! recognis$ au?orities--9 its uni=m progress ar\nd ! globe2 t globe believ$ by all ! e>ly a/ronom]s to be imp]turbably & ev]la/+ly situat$ 9 ! c5tre ( _! ?rice-sacr$ geometrical figure4 ,?is dogma be+ accept$ z infallible1 !re 0 e evid5ce t ! two int]vals ( "t1 :i* divid$ ! a/ronomical ye> into two moieties1 w\ld be ( equal duration4 ,x did n occur to ! m9d ( any "o ( ! fai?ful t ! soj\rn ( ! sun1 9 8 circul> & uni=m movem5t1 might be long] or %ort] 9 ! nor!rn ?an 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! "n ( ! audaci\s innovator :o v5tur$ ^u putt+ =? s revolution>y a sugge/ion8 ,x 0 ,hipp>*us4 ,at lea/ x 0 he :o1 confid5tly rely+ ^u 8 obs]vations1 0 ! fir/ to affirm t ! sun rema9s long] 9 ! nor!rn ?an 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]es2 or1 m accurately speak+1 t its passage f ! spr+ to ! autumn equ9ox occupies #ahg days1 :ile f ! autumn to ! spr+ equ9ox ! duration ( its c\rse is only #agh days #f h\rs 7ne>ly74 ,! ye> ( #cfe-a_/d days--t is1 ! ,egyptian ye>1 :i* 0 univ]sally adopt$ by ! anci5t a/ronom]s--0 ?us discov]$ to be really divid$ into two unequal portions1 al?\gh1 !oretically1 ! sun ought to occupy exactly ! same space ( "t 9 pass+ f ! spr+ to ! autumn1 z f ! autumn to ! spr+ equ9ox4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! fact po9t$ out & atte/$ by ,hipp>*us _h an influ5ce :i* he nev] anticipat$ on ! progress ( sci5ce4 ,9 opposition to all ! sy/ems previ\sly design$ by man1 x foll[$1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ! movem5t ( ! sun1 9 relation to a mean movem5t1 mu/ sometimes be accel]at$1 sometimes be ret>d$2 t ! sol> arc describ$ 9 a giv5 "t w\ld be great] 9 w9t] ?an 9 summ]4 ,a/ronom]s :o1 trammell$ by p>ticul> !ories1 7 unable & unwill+ to accept ( any new light1 imm$iately ha/5$ to raise1 z is inv>iably ! case ) ^? :o def5d a bad cause1 a subsidi>y & damag+ "q4 ,!y ask$ :e!r ^? inequalities ( ! sun's movem5t 7 real1 or only app>5t2 :e!r !y 7 m ?an a m]e optical ph5om5on1 aris+ f ! sun's position vis--vis to an obs]v] plac$ on ! e>?'s surface4 ,& !y unhesitat+ly pron\nc$ 9 fav\r ( ! appe>ance1 & aga9/ ! reality4 ,b man1 says an old adage1 is always puni%$ aft] ! mann] ( 8 s94 ,dogmatic & ob/9ate au?ority involv$ our anti-revolution>y a/ronom]s 9 fre% complications4 ,su* is ! case1 too1 v frequ5tly1 9 ! doma9 ( !ology6 ,does ! sun--! sun z ea* ( u beholds him--ev] *ange 8 size8 ,does he ev] %r9k 9 8 maje/ic proportions8 ,is ! magnitude ( 8 broad gold5 disc ev] less5$8 99 99 99 99 99 ,assur$ly ?is new "q1 :i* 0 n less audaci\s ?an its pr$ecessor1 did n come--!re is sacrilege 9 ! ?\ght--f ! cons]vative areopagus ( all anci5t doctr9es2 ! le>n$ areopagus1 or supreme tribunal1 :i* _h erect$ into a dogma ! circul> orbit & uni=m movem5t ( ! sun ar\nd ! e>?1 ! c5tre ( ! univ]se6 ,x c\ld only h be5 sugge/$ by "s unwor?y het]odoxical di/urb] ( m5's m9ds1--8 "n1 alas6 has n be5 h&$ d[n to u1--:o _h d>$ to look ^u ! heav5s1 & le>n f _! bright & beautiful face1 )\t a ma/]1 ! ,a ,b ,c ( sci5ce4 ,?is pe/il5t h]etic _h1 probably1 rem>k$ "o ( ! commone/ ph5om5a connect$ ) ! cele/ial bodies1 :i* a/ronom]s hi!rto _h n deign$ to notice4 ,und\bt$ly1 de> read]1 y w h be5 m ?an once impress$ by ! appe>ance ( ! sol> orb1 :5 obscur$ 9 "o ( ^? mi/s s frequ5t t[>ds ! end ( autumn3-- ,cold grew ! foggy morn1 ! day 0 brief2 ,loose on ! *]ry hung ! crimson leaf2 ,! dew dwelt ev] on ! h]b2 ! woods ,ro>$ ) /rong bla/s1 ) mighty %[]s ! floods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4--,:5 ! glory ( ! woods is rapidly dep>t+4 ,su* a day1 9 ?is sad season ( ! ye>1 :5 ! glory ( ! woods is rapidly dep>t+1 & f ! swoll5 /reams & dewy pa/ures ! vap\rs asc5d 9 a d5se :irl ( cl\ds1 is ( frequ5t occurr5ce2 & on su* a day1 ! sol> sph]e1 z x /ruggles ?r\gh ! scre5+ mi/s1 seems l ! face ( ! moon at its full1 :5 slightly veil$4 ,y\r eye re/s ^u x )\t pa94 ,& z obs]vation %>p5s y\r m9d1 y put to y\rself ! natural "q1 ,is n ! sun f>!r f ! e>? at ?is epo* :5 x af=ds u ! lea/ heat1 ?an at t p]iod ( ! ye> :5 its vivify+ p[] is greate/8 ,i ?9k x is obvi\s t1 to ! unexp]i5c$1 su* a me?od ( expla9+ ! cold ( w9t] & ! heat ( summ] by ! v>iation 9 ! di/ance ( our great sol> lum9>y w\ld naturally occur4 ,b ! demon ( c]ta9ty--an excell5t demon1 :atev] ! or?odox may say--is pres5t1 to /imulate u all4 ,y may h j =m$ y\r !ories1 y may cite y\r traditional au?orities1 b ^! w n satisfy our awak5$ curiosity4 ,we ask = demon/rations1 = irrefragable pro(s drawn f ! ,bible ( ,nature4 ,we w li/5 to no oracles b ^? :i* are confirm$ by ! voices ( ,god's second revelation4 ,!re=e1 m5 requir$ to be assur$ t ! sun 0 really ne>] to u 9 summ] ?an 9 w9t]4 ,= ?is purpose1 x 0 requisite to make1 at ! beg9n+ ( summ]1 an obs]vation analog\s to t :i* _h be5 made at ! beg9n+ ( w9t]1 & aft]w>ds to comp>e ! app>5t magnitudes ( ! sol> disc at ^! two opposite p]iods ( ! ye>4 ,behold u1 !n1 at "w4 ,y are p]fectly tranquil z to ! result2 = y are p]suad$ be=eh& t ! sun mu/ be f>!r f u 9 ! cold season ?an 9 ! hot4 ,y reg>d ?is z a self-evid5t tru?1 l an axiom ( ,euclid's4 ,b ,nature is a great magician2 %e contrives ! mo/ dramatic surprises = ! m9d :i* takes ! tr\ble to int]rogate h] 9 all simplicity & )\t dogmatic pret5sions4 ,:at a c\p-de-?tre x 0 = ! obs]v] :o fir/ e/abli%$ exp]im5tally t ! app>5t diamet] ( ! sun is great] 9 w9t] ?an 9 summ]--t we are ne>] ! sun 9 ! cold season1 ?an 9 ! hot6 99 99 99 99 99 ,on m closely exam9+ a result app>5tly s p>adoxical1 man discov]$ t ! angle :i* subtracts ! sun1 z se5 f ! e>?1--! visual angle :i* gives ! sun's app>5t diamet]1--v>ies necess>ily ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,?us1 ! semi-diamet]1 or radius1 :i* on ! #bd? ( ,june equals #ae' #de1 w1 a mon? lat]1 h increas$ "o second 7#ae' #df72 on ! #b;d ( ,augu/ w equal #ae' #dg2 on ! #b;d ,septemb]1 #ae' #ec1 & s on4 ,we put ! exact measurem5ts be=e ! read] 9 a tabulat$ =m3-- ,,l5g? ,,( ,,! ,,sun',s ,,radius4 ,on ,janu>y #ba1 #af' #af ,febru>y #be1 #af' #aj ,m>* #ca1 #af' #a ,april #cj1 #ae' #ec ,may #cj1 #ae' #dg ,june #bd1 m9imum1 #ae' #de ,july #bd1 #ae' #df ,augu/ #c1 #ae' #dg ,septemb] #b1 #ae' #ec ,octob] #b1 #af' #a ,novemb] #f1 #af' #aj ,decemb] #ba1 maximum1 #af' #ag ,we d n tr\ble ! read] ) ! fractions ( a second1 :i* indicate ! quantity ( ! app>5t increase ( ! radius f ! end ( ,june to ! end ( ,decemb]1 & its app>5t decrease f ! beg9n+ ( ,janu>y to ! end ( ,june4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a glance at ! above figures %[s t ! mean ( ! app>5t diamet]s1 all measur$ at ! mom5t ( ! sun's pass+ ! m]idian1 is ab\t half a degree1 or #cj'2 & t--:i* is suffici5tly curi\s--#gbj ( ^! mean suns1 set "o aga9/ ano!r1 w\ld be requir$ to fill up ! cont\r ( a great circle ( ! cele/ial sph]e4 ,is x ?is fact :i* sugge/$ ! idea ( divid+ ! circle into #gbj_/b #cfj8 99 99 99 99 99 ,simultane\sly ) ! discov]y ( ! v>iations ( ! sol> *>iote]1 x 0 asc]ta9$ t ! mom5ts ( ! sun's passage ( ! m]idian--mom5ts :i* measure ! #cfe diff]5t positions occupi$ by ! sun 9 ! #cfe days ( ! ye>--are n sep>at$ by equal int]vals1 or t equal int]vals ( "t d n correspond to ! equal angul> displacem5ts1--9 f9e1 t ! maximum & m9imum ( ! sun's angul> velocity co9cide ) ! maximum & m9imum ( its app>5t diamet]4 ,n[1 rememb] t ! extreme po9ts :]e ! sun exp]i5ces its maximum & m9imum angul> displacem5t are nam$1 accord+ to ,ptolemu1 ! =m] ! p]igee1 ! latt] ! apogee2 or1 if we foll[ ,cop]nicus1 ! =m] ! p]ihelion1 & ! latt] ! aphelion4 ,! aggregate ( ^! facts 0 kn[n to ! anci5ts2 b ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 s\ght to expla9 !m m]its notice z a specim5 ( bl9d atta*m5t to a preconceiv$ sy/em4 ,ptolemu1 ! organ ( ! dictatorial a/ronomy ( antiquity1 decl>es1 ex ca!dr1 t ! inequalities ( ! sun's movem5ts are only app>5t2 t !y are simply ! effects ( ! position & ( ! arrangem5ts ( ! circles 9 :i* ^! movem5ts are accompli%$2 & t1 9 ?is app>5t disord] ( ! ph5om5a 7 71 no?+ really occurs contr>y to _! actual immobility 7 74 ,n[1 accord+ to ?is dogmatic immutability1 ! /raight l9es1 or radii1 :i* proce$ f ! revolv+ /> to ! c5tre ( ! circle1 w\ld describe equal angles 9 equal times4 ,?is is exactly ! contr>y ( ! result obta9$1 z we h se51 by c>eful obs]vation4 ,b ?is difficulty no m emb>rass$ ! great pontiff ( a/ronomy ?an a consci5ti\s scruple w\ld p]plex ! au?or ( a !ological dogma4 ,li/5 to him3-- ,! true cause ( ^! app>5t irregul>ities is expla9$ by two v simple hypo!ses4 ,ei!r ! "o or ! o!r w\ld acc\nt = ! ph5om5a4 ,9 fact1 if we suppose ! movem5t to occur 9 a circle describ$ ar\nd ! c5tre ( ! _w1 & 9 ! plane ( ! ecliptic1 s t ! po9t :5ce we are look+ corresponds ) ?is c5tre1 we mu/ admit ei!r t ! planets make _! movem5ts equal 9 non-conc5tric circles1 or t1 if ^! circles are conc5tric1 x is n simply 9 ^! circles t !y move1 b 9 o!rs1 call$ epicycles1 c>ri$ ?r\gh ! conc5tric4#gc ,exam9e ,fig4 #fg4 ,"h ,a ,b ,g ,d repres5t ! ecliptic1 ,e its c5tre1 & ,a ,e ,g its diamet]2 ,z ,h ,t ,k is ! epicycle1 9 :i* ! planet moves uni=mly ar\nd ! c5tre ,a1 :ile ! epicycle uni=mly trav]ses ! circle ,a ,b ,g ,d4 ,n[1 suppose t ! /> has arriv$ at ,h2 x w\ld appe> to an obs]v] at ,e to be m advanc$ by ! uni=m movem5t ( all ! arc ,a ,h2 if x be at ,k1 x w\ld appe>1 on ! contr>y1 to be less advanc$ by all ! arc ,a ,k4 ,at ,z ! /> w\ld appe> m di/ant1 & at ,t1 ne>] ?an if x 7 at ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4--,! ,circle & ! ,epicycle4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to expla9 ! o!r ph5om5a1 su* z ! /ations & retrocessions ( ! planets1 rec\rse 0 aga9 _h to ! epicycles or def]r$ ecc5tric circles4 ,by multiply+ ^! x 0 possible to acc\nt = all ! angul> inequalities 9 ! movem5ts ( a planet4 ,x is ( importance to note ?is po9t1 9 ord] to %[ h[ v dang]\s x is to tru/ absolutely to ma!matics 9 our se>* aft] ! tru?2 t sci5ce :i*1 by ! c]ta9ty ( its demon/rations1 n\ri%es our intellectual pride1 & may1 !re=e1 occasionally lull ! m9d into a false security4 ,! !ory ( epicycles1 f a ma!matical po9t ( view1 0 irreproa*able1 & x suffici5tly acc\nt$ = ! facts :i* ?reat5$ to ov]?r[ ! dogma ( circul> orbits & uni=m planet>y movem5t4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b by degrees1 z obs]vations grew m accurate & compreh5sive1 ^! & o!r !ories1 h[ev] f9e 9 appe>ance1--t]es atque rotundus1--gradually disappe>$1 if fundam5tally errone\s4 ,by ! inv5tion ( micromet]s1 we 7 enabl$ to measure m exactly ?an _h =m]ly be5 possible ! v>iations ( diamet] or ! modifications ( di/ance1 & aft]w>ds to comp>e !m ) ! *anges ( velocity4 ,f ?is comp>ison x results t ! latt] are n great] ?an is compatible ) ! alt]ations ( di/ance indicat$ by ! v>iations ( diamet]2 9 a ^w1 t ! hypo!sis ( epicycles is decid$ly insuffici5t to acc\nt = all ! inequalities detect$ by c>eful inve/igation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,kepl] 0 ! fir/ to break ! *>m :i* _h held captive ! m9d ( a/ronom]s1 includ+ ev5 ,cop]nicus & ,ty*o ,brah4 ,ptolemu _h consid]$ ! mean positions ( ! />s to be real4 ,kepl]1 /rong 9 8 rese>*es1 decl>$ t !y 7 b a factiti\s mode ( calculation by :i* ! true positions might be asc]ta9$2 t ! mean movem5t is simply an artifice repres5t+ ! />'s place1 if no inequality exi/$2 9 f9e1 t we mu/ take ! movem5ts z !y are 9 nature1--! true movem5ts1 giv5 by obs]vation1--& n ! mean movem5ts1 d$uc$ f an errone\s hypo!sis4 ,?is decl>ation ( pr9ciples met1 at ! "t1 ) ! ho/ility ( all a/ronom]s ( any reputation1 b x has become ! />t+-po9t ( ! discov]y ( ! laws on :i* ! :ole edifice ( a/ronomy reposes4 ,_h ,kepl]1 h[ev]1 be5 left to dep5d entirely on 8 own res\rces1 he might1 p]haps1 h nev] complet$ 8 task4 ,a =tunate circum/ance br\ght him an unexpect$ ally4 ,ty*o1 hav+ tak5 refuge 9 ,bohemia1 s5t = ! "y a/ronom] 7,kepl] !n 0 b tw5ty-n9e ye>s old71 to assi/ him 9 ! composition ( ! ,rudolph9e ,tables4#gd ,?is1 says ,kepl]1 0 a provid5tial int]position4 ,i repair$ to ,bohemia e>ly 9 ! ye> #afjj1 9 ! hope ( le>n+ ! correction ( ! ecc5tricities ( ! planets4 ,p]ceiv+ t ,ty*o made use ( a mix$ sy/em 7:i* made ,m]cury & ,v5us revolve ar\nd ! sun1 & all ^! planets1 ) _! companions1 ar\nd ! e>?71 ,i ask$ 8 p]mission to foll[ out my own ideas4 ,x 0 ! w ( ,provid5ce aga91 t we %\ld occupy ourselves ) ,m>s4 ,my :ole att5tion1 !re=e1 0 direct$ to ?is planet3 & x is ?r\gh ! movem5ts ( ,m>s we mu/ obta9 our insight into ! secrets ( a/ronomy1 or rema9 ignorant ( !m = ev] 7ex ,m>tis motibus omn9o necesse e/ nos 9 cognitionem a/ronomi arcanorum v5ire aut ea p]petuo nescire74#ge ,:y ?is pref]5ce giv5 to ,m>s8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 because1 among all ! planets !n kn[n1 x 0 ,m>s :i*1 9 its movem5t r\nd ! sun1 dep>t$ mo/ f ! circle2 next1 its orbit approa*es ne>e/ to ! e>?'s2 ! e>? is v ne> to ,m>s :5 %e passes betwe5 t planet & ! sun1--t is to say1 :5 %e is 9 opposition1 :ile %e retires f x triple ! di/ance :5 9 conjunction1--t is1 :5 ! sun is betwe5 h] & ,m>s4 ,h5ce arise c]ta9 v>iations ( aspect1 p>ticul>ly adapt$ to make manife/ ! =m ( ! orbit1 & ! law ( ! real movem5t ( ! r$ planet1 ,m>s4 ,z = ! o!r planets1 z f> z !y 7 !n kn[n1 _! orbits diff] s little f ! circle1 t ! nature ( ! curve :i* !y describe 9 reality w\ld nev] h be5 exactly recognis$ by any inexp]i5c$ />-gaz]4 ,= ^! reasons ,kepl] reg>d$ z provid5tial ! *oice he _h be5 l$ to make ( ,m>s at ! outset ( 8 a/ronomical c>e]4 ,be=e ! close ( #afja1 ,ty*o di$1 bequea?+ to 8 "y fell[-work] a treasury ( obs]vation4 ,!nce=? ,kepl] und]took to f9i% )\t assi/ance ! fam\s ,rudolph9e ,tables4 ,!y co/ him five-&-tw5ty ye>s ( assidu\s lab\r4 ,look+ ^u ,ty*o's obs]vations1 because ( _! exactness1 z a gift f ! ,div9e ,goodness1 he employ$ !m1 9 ! fir/ place1 z a te/ ( ! old hypo!ses ( planet>y orbits & movem5ts4 ,let u d our be/ to grasp ! range & be>+ ( ?is "p ( 8 "w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! sy/em ( ,cop]nicus1 :i* ,kepl] ard5tly adopt$1 ! e>? revolves ar\nd ! sun4 ,n[1 obs]vation hav+ %[n t ! sun rema9s sev5 or eight days long] 9 ! nor!rn ?an 9 ! s\!rn signs ( ! ,zodiac1 we mu/ ( necessity admit t ! sun1 in/ead ( be+ situat$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! t]re/rial orbit1 occupies a po9t outside t c5tre1 9 su* a mann] t ! e>? mu/ sometimes be ne>] to1 & sometimes f>!r f1 ! sun4 ,! di/ance by :i* x dep>ts f ! c5tre ( its orbit1 :i* ,cop]nicus1 l ! anci5ts1 suppos$ to be circul>1 is call$ its ecc5tricity4 ,a/ronom]s 7 long preoccupi$ ) ! idea ( seek+ 9 ?is ecc5tricity a po9t :]e ! movem5ts %\ld appe> equal4 ,?is po9t 0 ! c5tre ( ! equant1--a "n giv5 to ! ecc5tric circle describ$ f ! po9t ( equality or f ! c5tre ( ! mean movem5ts4 ,n[1 let u recall ! pr9cipal condition ( ! problem :i* ,kepl] _h und]tak5 to solve4 ,?is condition requir$ t ! /raight l9e drawn f ! c5tre ( our globe to ! c5tre ( ! sun1--9 a ^w1 t ! vector radius1 z x is call$1 %\ld describe ar\nd ! sun c]ta9 angles1 ^: v>iability %\ld agree ) ! results ( obs]vation4 ,/>t+ f ?is po9t1 ,kepl] f\nd t1 = c]ta9 positions ( ,m>s 79 ! aphelion & p]ihelion1 correspond+ to ! m9imum & maximum ( velocity71 ! c5tre ( ! orbit1 always suppos+ x to be circul>1 divid$ into two equal p>ts 7or bisect$7 ! total ecc5tricity3 9 o!r words1 t x exactly occupi$ ! middle betwe5 ! c5tre ( ! ecc5tric & ! equant ( ,ptolemu2 b x did n appe> to him necess>y to bisect x 9 o!r positions1 int]m$iate betwe5 ^? ( ! aphelion & ! p]ihelion4 ,he e/abli%$ t ! diff]5ces 9 longitude am\nt$ to eight or n9e m9utes4 ,n[1 obs]vations s exact z ^? ( ,ty*o 7 altoge!r incompatible ) su* great error4#gf ,!re=e1 ! geometrical hypo!sis :i* gave ^! errors 0 false2 ! orbit ( ,m>s c\ld n be a circle1 & to save ^! eight or n9e m9utes1 furni%$ by obs]vation b 9 disaccord ) !ory1 x w\ld be ne$ful to recomm5ce all ! calculations ( a/ronomy4 ,?is conclusion1 n less legitimate ?an d>+1 suppli$ ,kepl] ) ! fir/ decisive /ep 9 ! task he _h und]tak54 ,?is is n ! place to relate all ! essays & misc>riages ?r\gh :i* ?is man ( g5ius pass$ be=e f9ally complet+ 8 discov]y ( ! rules t be> 8 "n4 ,b we may put be=e ! read] ! con/ruction :i* l$ to !m4 ,on a %eet ( pap] let u m>k d[n by a po9t 7,fig4 #fh7 ! place occupi$ by ! e>? 9 relation to ! sun4#gg ,f ?is po9t o1 we draw a "r l9e t]m9at+ at a1 ! sun's noon-day position 7= example1 on ! #a/ ( ,janu>y72 ! succe$+ l9es %all t\* ^u a a1 :i* ! sun occupies successively aft] ! same int]val ( "t 7tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 or ! exact duration ( ! e>?'s rotation on its axis72--& let u cont9ue aft] ?is mode until ! sun has accompli%$1 by its own prop] movem5t f we/ to ea/1 ! :ole circuit ( ! heav5s1 trav]s+ #cfj degrees 9 ! space ( a ye>4 ,if we ascribe to ! radius o a a c]ta9 l5g?1 correspond+ to a def9ite sol> diamet]1 ! l5g?s ( all ! o!rs1 correspond+ to ! v>iations ( ! same diamet]1 w dep5d ^u t ( ! fir/1 :i*1 = facility ( calculation1 we suppose to be divid$ into "o ?\s& p>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4--;,diagram = ,kepl]'s ,laws4 ,aft] hav+ ?us allott$ to ea* /raight l9e its approximate l5g?1 let u jo9 _! extremities by a curve4 ,:at d we see be=e u8 ,a geometrical figure widely diff]5t f a circle1 = ! diamet]s 7i4e41 ! /raight l9es pass+ ?r\gh ! c5tre7 are f> f be+ equal4 ,! figure is an ellipse4 ,if n[ we pass f ! appe>ance to ! reality1 o w be ! sun1 & a a a1 m m w indicate ! t]re/rial orbit1 or ! po9ts ( ! curve successively occupi$ by ! e>? 9 movem5t4 ,! moveable /raight l9es1 free at "o extremity1 & at ! o!r atta*$ to ! c5tre ( ! sun1 are call$ ! ,vector helioc5tric radii4 ,by ! help ( ?is con/ruction1 y see t ! po9t occupi$ by ! sun is beyond or )\t ! c5tre2 ?is ecc5tric po9t is ! focus ( ! ellipse1 & ! di/ance f ?is focus to ! c5tre1 its ecc5tricity4 ,! extremity ( ! major axis1 ! ne>e/ to ! focus1 is ! p]ihelion1 & its f>!/ extremity ! aphelion4 ,! diff]5ce ( ! angles =m$ by ! vector radii indicate ! inequality ( ! movem5ts3 to ! greate/ angle1 ! p]ihelion1 corresponds ! maximum ( velocity 7a a a71 j z to ! smalle/1 or aphelion1 corresponds ! m9imum 7m m72 ! o!r angles m>k ! velocities int]m$i>y betwe5 ^! two extremes4 ,we h ?us be=e u a s]ies ( triangles ) _! apices at ! focus ( ! ellipse1 & _! bases on ! cont\r ( ! curve4 ,b ^! latt] are n suffici5t = ! m9d1 ^: pr9cipal function lies 9 seek+ unity among ! v>iety ( ph5om5a4 ,9 :at way are ! v>iations ( di/ance connect$ ) ! v>iations ( velocity8 ,:at is ! simple/ expression ( _! relation%ip8 ,^! are que/ions :i* naturally pres5t$ !mselves to ,kepl]'s inquir+ intellect4 ,by d9t ( immeasurable pati5ce1 & recomm5c+ m ?an once ! same toil1 ?is great a/ronom] discov]$ t ! v>iable arc trav]s$ by ! e>? 7or1 9 appe>ance1 ! sun71 9 f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs1 multipli$ by "o half ! correspond+ vector radius1 is a con/ant quantity3 is ! product :i*1 z elem5t>y geometry tea*es1 gives ! surface ( a triangle4 ,&1 9 fact1 look at ! matt] c>efully3 ! vector radii =m triangles ^: base is ! arc trav]s$ 9 ! same int]val ( "t1 & ^: apices re/ ^u ! c5tre ( ! sun 7or1 9 appe>ance1 ! obs]v]1 or ! c5tre ( ! e>?74 ,to fix ^! ideas ?or\ghly 9 our m9ds1--& a sup]ficial k is worse ?an useless1--let u imag9e to ourselves a man hold+ horizontally ext5d$ a tube ( a c]ta9 l5g?1 capable1 l a telescope1 ( be+ l5g!n$ or %ort5$ at pleasure2 & let u fancy him pivot+ ^u himself1 9 su* a mann] t he sweeps1 e m9ute1 exactly ! same area or same quantity ( surface1 :ile v>y+ p]petually ! swiftness ( movem5t & ! l5g? ( ! tube2 ?is ideal man w h solv$ ! problem ^: solution is inscrib$1 9 ineffaceable lett]s1 on ! ma*9]y ( our globe2 he w describe ar\nd him an ellipse1 ( :i* he himself occupies "o ( ! foci4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ?is me?od ( inve/igation & d$uction1 ,kepl] succe$$ 9 break+ up ! tradition>y au?ority ( ! circle & ( uni=m movem5t4 ,he broke x up = ev] by two ( 8 celebrat$ laws1 :i* may be r5d]$ 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3-- #a/1 ,! orbit ( ! e>?1 z well z ! curves describ$ by ! o!r planets1 are ellipses1 "o ( ^: foci is repres5t$ by ! sun2 #b;d1 ,! helioc5tric vector radius ( a planet describes ar\nd ! sun areas equal ) ! times2 or1 9 o!r words1 ! surfaces describ$ by ! vector radii1 9 equal times1 are also equal4 ,! anci5ts _h look$ = equality 9 ! movem5ts ( planets trav]s+ ! circumf]5ces ( circles3 !y 7 mi/ak54 ,x is true ?is equality exi/s2 only1 n :]e !y suppos$4 ,if !y _h s\ght x 9 ! surfaces describ$ by ! vector radii1 !y w\ld h anticipat$ ,kepl]'s discov]y ( ! laws :i* gov]n our _w4 ,b _! a/ronomical dogmas prev5t$ !m f see+ ! pa? :i* l$ to ?is great discov]y4 ,h5ce we may conclude t ,dogma is an evil ?+4 ,illu/ration ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #gc3 ,ptolemu1 ,syntaxis ,ma!maticalis1 iii4 #c4 ,footnote #gd3 ,c]ta9 a/ronomical calculations1 s call$ because begun "u ! patronage ( ,rudolf ,,ii41 ,emp]or ( ,g]many 7#aegf-afab74 ,footnote #ge3 ,kepl]1 ,a/ronomia ,nova1 seu de ,motibus ,/ell ,m>tis1 p4 #ec 7ed4 #afji74 ,footnote #gf3 ,! read] %\ld turn to ,kepl]'s immortal "w1 ,de ,motibus ,/ell ,m>tis1 = ! manifold attempts ( ! a/ronom] to br+ calculation into agreem5t ) obs]vation4 ,9 e page is reveal$ :at has be5 f9ely call$ ! passionate pati5ce ( g5ius4 ,footnote #gg3 ,!re is c]ta9ly no exagg]ation 9 comp>+ ! e>? to a po9t1 s9ce ! diamet] ( ! sun is #aab times t ( ! e>?1 & its mean di/ance a little m ?an #ab1jjj t]re/rial diamet]s3 ! e>? is b a microscopical po9t 9 space1 if we comp>e x to ! place occupi$ by ! c5tral lum9>y4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,:at ,,may ,,be ,,se5 ,,^u ,,! ,,e>?4 ,i c>e n1 ,=tune1 :at y me d5y2 ,y _c rob me ( free ,nature's grace2 ,y _c %ut ! w9d[s ( ! sky ,?r\gh :i* ,aurora %[s h] bright'n+ face2 ,y _c b> my con/ant feet to trace ,! woods & lawns by liv+ /reams at eve4 ,illu/ration ,( all ! /rata compos+ our planet>y mass1 ! mo/ important1 s f> z man is conc]n$1 is1 at ! same "t1 ! mo/ sup]ficial2 = x is "h t all ! ph5om5a ( life transpire4 ,our vegetable e>? is ! great laboratory 9 :i* are prep>$ all ! solid1 liquid1 & gase\s alim5ts necess>y = ! n\ri%m5t ( animal life4 ,x is on ! surface ( ! globe t m5 play _! v>i\s p>ts4 ,& :y8 ,c x be = no o!r purpose ?an to modify1 9 "s degree1 its aspect1 t !y occupy ! t]re/rial surface8 ,"o w\ld be tempt$ to ?9k s on consult+ :at ^! maje/ic bimanes pomp\sly designate _! ,univ]sal ,hi/ory4 ,regions =m]ly bloom+ ) f]tility1--gay ) g>d5s1 & or*>ds1 & mead[s1--musical ) brooks1 & glori\s ) h>ve/1--are n[ uncultivat$ & b>r54 ,monum5ts :i* seem$ adapt$ to defy ! w9ds & ! ra9s1 & ! corrod+ t\* ( ! ye>s1 lie %att]$ 9 ru9s2 & ) !m ! once popul\s cities & ! once mighty empires ( :i* !y 7 ! pride4 ,! jackal h[ls among ! brok5 columns ( ,tadmor2 ! s&-drifts h accumulat$ above ! spl5d\r ( ,memphis & ,!bes4 ,) _! /ones o!r monum5ts are rais$1 o!r cities are embelli%$1 & o!r empires1 :i*1 9 _! turn1 und]go ! same unalt]able fate3 a p]petual relation ( human =ms1 9 e respect comp>able ) t :i* transpires 9 ! bosom ( ! prolific e>?1 our common "m & nurse4 ,b :y d m5 w&] s f> f ! /raight way8 ,:y d !y _! be/ to ensure ea* o!r's unhapp9ess8 ,!y seem1 alas6 ignorant ( ! t5d5cy ( _! actions1 :ile atta*+ !mselves to ?+s transitory1 & despis+ ?+s imp]i%able4 ,^!1 inde$1 !y w\ld utt]ly ignore2 !y w\ld live1 l ! brutes1 unconsci\s ( _! de/9y1 if1 at ! bottom ( _! inde/ructible consci5ce1 !re did n prevail a glimm] ( light1 ?\gh m or less eclips$1 if !y did n all feel !mselves attract$1 if !y did n all irresi/ibly gravitate1 "s m quickly1 o!rs m sl[ly1 t[>ds ! sun ( et]nal tru? & ju/ice4 ,in/ead ( mov+ ) sidelong s9u\s pace1 in/ead ( tak+ n9ety-n9e /eps backw>d = e "o hundr$ tak5 9 advance1 !y w\ld all m>* onw>d 9 ! way ( progress2 7 x n t !y pass _! "t 9 clipp+ _! own w+s2 7 x n t1 to b5d _! heads ! bett]--,veluti pecora v5tri ob$i5tia--!y *eck ! aspir+ flight ( t ?\ght :i* w\ld so> beyond ! pres5t2 9 a ^w1 7 x n t !y lay a sacrilegi\s h&--un=tunate wret*es6--on t :i* ,god ,himself has respect$ 9 ,8 creature--,lib]ty6 ,! d\bt :i* p]plexes u z to ! great problem ( our de/9y1--! d\bt :i* all[s s mu* latitude to ! work+s ( our consci5ce1--does x n indicate ! pa? we ought to foll[8 ,%\ld n m5 reg>d _! fre$om ) peculi> rev]5ce1 :5 ! ,div9ity !y invoke has m]cifully refra9$ f fett]+ x8 ,creatures ( a day1 :o live z if y w\ld nev] die6 ! contradictions & ! mis]ies ( :i* y s incessantly compla91 are y\r own "w4 ,help1 help y\rselves1 by ! developm5t ( y\r faculties1 by ! cultivation ( y\r he>t & m9d1 = h]e9 y %all see ! law & ! prophets4 ,b>r5 lip-s]vice is no?+ bett] ?an blasphemy6 99 99 99 99 99 ,b let u return to ! gr\nd :i* we tread1 & :]e our life-companions are ! animals & ! plants4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! upp]mo/ /ratum ( our globe und]goes ! direct action ( ! light & heat ( ! all-vivify+ orb ( day4 ,?is action1 v unequal 9 its effects1 & mo/ important to und]/&1 has sc>cely be5 t\*$ z yet by sci5tific rese>*4 ,our geologi/s1 hav+ be5 m busily engag$ ) ! inside ?an ! outside ( ! e>?1 h broa*$ c]ta9 plausible !ories--= ! mo/ "p ( a v dubi\s "*--respect+ ! c5tral fire1 ,plutonism & ,neptunism1 ! /ratification ( ! planets1 ! =mation ( m\nta9s1 valleys1 & bas9s4 ,our m9]alogi/s1 ?9k+ f> less ( ! *emical molecul> con/itution ( ! diff]5t =mations ?an ( _! cry/all9e con/itution1 h m9utely /udi$ ! physical qualities & geometrical =ms ( ! integral p>ts ( ! rocks2 b nei!r h condesc5d$ to direct _! inquiries to ! lay] ( soil trodd5 und]nea? _! feet4 ,yet ?is v lay] ( arable e>?1 to :i* all bodies mu/ return aft] dea? :at !y h tak5 f x dur+ life1--?is mu* despis$ humus1 furni%es all our agricultural products1 ! v f\ndation & support ( our mat]ial exi/5ce4 ,to t\* indu/rial occupations--to m$dle ) trade1 comm]ce1 or agriculture--is unwor?y ( ,sci5ce6 ,su* is ! silly cry ( ! _m di/+ui%$ savants :o pride !mselves on :at !y call _! fre$om f selfi% consid]ations4 ,be x s2 b !n y ought surely to be consi/5t1 & nev] reg>d sci5ce z a pr(ession or a bread-w9n]4 ,,on ,,! ,,*emical ,,action ,,( ,,light4 ,x is no easy /udy to inve/igate ! modifications & *emical effects :i* ! t]re/rial surface is capable ( receiv+ or und]go+1 ei!r f ! direct rays ( ! sun1 or f diffus$ light4 ,x requires new me?ods ( inquiry1--me?ods frequ5tly ( extreme delicacy1 z ! lab\rs ( ,buns5 & ,roscoe1 ( ,kir*h(] & ,tyndall1 h abundantly demon/rat$4 ,let u "h conf9e ourselves to e/abli%+ ! fact t ! *emical action ( light v>ies accord+ to ! geological con/itution ( ! soil1--accord+ to ! diurnal & annual obliquity ( ! sol> rays1--accord+ to ! h\rs ( ! day1--accord+ to ! latitudes & seasons4 ,! maximum ( effects is manife/$ ab\t ! times ( ! sol/ices4 ,= ! bett] co-ord9ation ( ^! ph5om5a1 might we n1 z has be5 done 9 reg>d to ! di/ribution ( heat ov] ! t]re/rial surface1#gh l9k toge!r by l9es ! po9ts ( equality8 ,we %\ld ?us create an aggregate ( iso-photo-*emical l9es1--diurnal1 m5sual1 & annual1--( inconte/ible utility = ! progress ( g5]al physics & meteorology1 :i* are /ill 9 _! infancy4 ,b to realise ?is magnific5t programme1 ! union & agreem5t is necess>y ( sci5tific m5 9 e region ( ! globe2 an ideal1 !re=e1 z yet1 is v f> f be+ atta9$4 ,,! ,,action ,,( ,,heat4 ,! e>? is subject to ! influ5ce ( two diff]5t s\rces ( heat4 ,"o1 l ! art]ial blood1 /rikes f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce3 ?is int]nal heat x is :i* has be5 /or$ up s9ce ! unkn[n epo* :5 our globe 0 no?+ m ?an an inc&esc5t nucleus1 surr\nd$ by cond5sable vap\rs4 ,! o!r1 l ! v5\s blood1 fl[s f ! circumf]5ce t[>ds ! c5tre3 ?is is ! sol> heat :i* ! e>? cont9ues to receive ?r\gh its cru/4 ,! fir/ ( ^! s\rces lies beyond ! doma9 ( exp]im5t4 ,x has be5 ! object ( num]\s hypo!ses & div]se speculations1 ) :i* we %all n "h conc]n ourselves4 ,! second s\rce is alone accessible to our inve/igations1 & yet ! network ( iso!rmal l9es is sc>cely def9$4 ,s9ce ! ye> #ahag1 :5 ,alex&] von ,humboldt conceiv$ ! felicit\s idea ( repres5t+ by l9es ! same mean temp]atures enjoy$1 9 a giv5 space ( "t1 by ! diff]5t regions ( ! globe1 rese>*es ( ?is nature h v consid]ably multipli$4 ,b ^! rese>*es--d n =get--ref] r to ! temp]ature ( ! atmosph]e ?an to ! heat+ ( ! inf]ior /ratum ( t gase\s ocean ^: b$ or f\ndation is ! t]re/rial cru/4 ,& x is ! p5etration ( ! latt] by ! sun's calorific rays :i* we w\ld especially desire to und]/&4 ,"h1 !n1 a suffici5t m>g9 is left = our curiosity4 ,if ! k+1 my fa!r1 does n re/ f 8 conque/s1 cri$ ,alex&] ( ,mac$on1 :ile /ill a *ild1 he w leave me no?+ to d :5 ,i %all h rea*$ manhood4 ,to su* a compla9t1 be y sure1 de> read]1 t ! conque/s made by sci5ce w nev] give rise4 ,e /ep 9 advance is b a /ep into ! inf9ite3 :at we h done only %[s u ! b\ndless ext5t ( :at we h to d4 ,x is ?is reflection :i* mu/ always tea* humility to ! sci5tific /ud5t1 ev5 :ile he rejoices 9 ! a*ievem5ts ( human pati5ce & g5ius4 ,he w n despair = he kn[s t great victories h be5 won3 he w n gr[ arrogant1 = he kn[s t he is /ill on ! ?re%old ( et]nal tru?4 ,z ,sir ,j4 ,h]s*el has ju/ly said3--,he :o has se5 obscurities1 :i* appe>$ imp5etrable1 9 physical & ma!matical sci5ce1 sudd5ly dispell$1 & ! mo/ b>r5 & unpromis+ fields ( inquiry conv]t$1 z if by inspiration1 into ri* & inexhau/ible spr+s ( k & p[]1 on a simple *ange ( our po9t ( view1 or by m]ely br++ !m to be> on "s pr9ciple :i* x nev] occurr$ be=e to try1 w surely be ! v la/ to acquiesce 9 any dispirit+ prospects ( ei!r ! pres5t or ! future de/9ies ( mank9d2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! b\ndless views ( intellectual & moral1 z well z mat]ial relations1 :i* op5 to him on all h&s 9 ! c\rse ( ^! pursuits1--! k ( ! trivial place he occupies 9 ! scale ( creation1 & ! s5se cont9ually press$ ^u him ( 8 own weakness & incapacity to susp5d or modify ! slighte/ movem5t ( ! va/ ma*9]y he sees 9 action ar\nd him1 mu/ effectually conv9ce him t humility ( pret5sion1 no less ?an confid5ce ( hope1 is :at be/ becomes 8 "*4#gi ,! temp]ature ( ! t]re/rial surface p]petually v>ies "u ! influ5ce ( local z well z g5]al causes4 ,_h ?is fact be5 kn[n to ! philosoph]s ( antiquity1 !y w\ld h tak5 advantage ( x to lik5 ! e>? to an animal ^: sk9 is m or less s5sible ( heat1 n only accord+ to ! diff]5ce ( ! seasons1 b accord+ to ! diff]5t h\rs ( ! day4 ,! diurnal !rmometrical v>iations are ^? :i* p5etrate ! lea/ pr(\ndly into ! int]ior ( ! soil4 ,at a dep? ( ab\t five feet !y cease to be p]ceptible4 ,! maxima & m9ima ( ! ye>1 h[ev]1 c be detect$ at a suffici5tly consid]able dep?4 ,! limit desc5ds z l[ z #hj to #ajj feet4 ,bel[ #ajj feet1 ! t]re/rial /ratum is f\nd inv>iable1--t is1 inaccessible to ! !rmometrical *anges ( ! atmosph]e4 ,x is rem>kable t ! temp]ature ( ?is /ratum diff]s b little f ! mean annual temp]ature ( ! air1 :i*1 9 ! latitude ( ,london1 is #di4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! maxima & m9ima ( ! ye>ly heat are propagat$ v sl[ly 9 ! e>?1 & _! diff]5ce gradually becomes less & less4 ,!rmomet]s buri$ #bf feet deep 9 ! gr\nd1 m>k1 9 our latitudes1 ! maximum ( temp]ature only on ! #aj? ( ,decemb]1 & ! m9imum on ! #ae? ( ,june4 ,b !re are c]ta9 elem5ts :i* we mu/ take into acc\nt4 ,?us1 ! dep? ( ! inv>iable !rmometrical curve dep5ds bo? on ! latitude ( ! place1 on ! conductibility ( ! /rata1 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! highe/ & l[e/ temp]ature ( ! ye>4 ,! less ?is diff]5ce1 ! m ne>ly does ! inv>iable /ratum approa* ! surface4 ,"h we h ! reason :y1 9 ! int]tropical torrid zone1 :]e ! temp]ature sc>cely v>ies above two or ?ree degrees 9 ! :ole ye>1 ! inv>iable curve is n f\nd m ?an =ty c5timetres b5ea? ! surface4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! temp]ate zone1 ly+ betwe5 ! torrid & ! frigid zones1 ! same ph5om5a assume1 app>5tly1 a m complex "*2 ! isogeo!rmal l9es inflect z div]sely z ! iso!rmal1 & ! =m] are f> f runn+ p>allel ) ! latt]4 ,& ?is is easily und]/ood1 ev5 )\t any exp]im5t1 = !re is no relation betwe5 ! ev]-v>i$ composition ( ! t]re/rial /rata1 & ! mu* m uni=m composition ( ! atmosph]e4 ,9 ! frigid zone1 ! soil rema9s con/antly froz5 = an insignificant dep?1 :atev] may be ! temp]ature ( ! encircl+ atmosph]e4 ,9 "s regions a /ratum ( ice & sn[ et]nally reposes on ! surface ( ! soil4 ,un=tunately ! obs]vations1 :i* require to be und]tak5 on an uni=m plan & "u well-weigh$ conditions1 at v>i\s po9ts ov] ! :ole globe1 are z yet f> too few to assi/ u 9 def9+ any g5]al curr5ts ( heat or cold1 :e!r v>iable or con/ant1 z prevail+ 9 ! l[] /rata ( ! gase\s ocean ( our planet4 ,,arable ,,l&4 ,a m useful picture ?an t ( ! isogeo!rmal l9es w\ld be "o ( all ! arable l& cov]+ ! cont95ts ( ! ,old ,_w & ! ,new1--indicat+ ! composition ( ?is nutritive e>?1 ! nature ( ! soil on :i* x reposes1 z well z ! v>i\s k9ds ( cultivation appropriate 9 diff]5t climates4 ,"h is a "w to be a*iev$1--a "w :i* w\ld b5efit ! :ole human race1--a "w diff]+ va/ly f ! conque/s & a*ievem5ts ( too _m ( ^? h]oes ! _w delights to hon\r4 ,peace ha? h] victories ,m r5[n$ ?an w>4 ,9 ?is imm5se task1 ( :i*1 z yet1 n ev5 ! outl9es h be5 sket*$1 p>ticul> att5tion w\ld require to be paid to ! subsoil2 = ^u ?is ! success ( all cultivation lit]ally dep5ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4--;a1 ,humus1 or /ratum ( arable e>?1--! horizontal l9e %[s ! dep? rea*$ by ! lab\r]2 b1 subsoil2 c1 subsoil2 d1 arable e>?2 e1 humus 9 an incl9$ /ratum2 f1 humus mix$ ) subsoil4 ,arable l& is ! mo/ sup]ficial /ratum ( ! cultivable t]re/rial cru/2 x is ?is :i* ! pl\gh turns up & subdues2 x is ?is :i*1 prop]ly manur$1 & enri*$ by ! decomposition ( organic matt]1 furni%es to vegetables _! pr9cipal n\ri%m5t4 ,z x v>ies 9 ?ickness1 x necess>ily pres5ts "o or o!r ( ! foll[+ circum/ances3--#a/1 ,! lab\r]1 p5etrat+ ! entire /ratum ( arable e>? 7,fig4 #fi1 a71 w /rike d[n to ! subsoil 7,fig4 #fi1 b72 or1 #b;d1 he w n trav]se ! entire /ratum 7,fig4 #fi1 c72 or1 #c;d1 aft] hav+ trav]s$ ! entire dep? ( ! humus1 he w rea* a portion ( ! subsoil 7,fig4 #fi1 d72 or1 #d?1 aft] hav+ gone ?r\gh bo? humus & subsoil1 he w discov] ano!r lay] ( arable e>?1 :i* may be ei!r pure humus1 9 a ?ick incl9$ /ratum 7,fig4 #fi1 e71 or humus mix$ ) ! dbris ( ! subsoil4 ,z = ! subsoil1 x may1 by its composition1 completely modify1 /imulate1 or delay ! action ( ! vegetable m\ld1 h[ev] ri* ?is may be 9 assimilat+ pr9ciples4 ,?us1 :]e ! subsoil is argillace\s1 ! pluvial wat]s are arre/$ by x z by a b$ ( imp]vi\s cem5t1 & r5d] ! gr\nd too damp & cold to yield abundant h>ve/s4 ,9 su* a case subsoil-dra9age is ! be/ rem$y4 ,b if ! e>? be por\s1 ! moi/ure gradually p]colates ?r\gh its v>i\s lay]s1 f]tilis+ & w>m+1 communicat+ to ! plants ! ne$ful humidity1 & assi/+ 9 ! production ( t mo/ glori\s ( all ! sc5es ( cultivat$ nature--a corn-field ?ickly ripe ) gold5 gra94 ,9 ! poet's ,palace ( ,art no f9] picture c be se5 ?an ?is3 ,! reap]s at _! sultry toil4 ,9 front !y b9d ! %eaves4 ,beh9d ,are realms ( upl&1 prodigal 9 oil1 ,& ho>y to ! w9d4 ,oh6 a sight to ?ank ,god =1 & rejoice 91 is ! field all agl[ ) ! spl5d\r ( ! h>ve/6 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4--;,beh9d are realms ( upl&4 ,)\t hav+ rec\rse to *emical analysis1 :i* is )9 ! rea* ( a v limit$ numb] ( p]sons1 clayey soils may be di/+ui%$ by ! vegetable species t mo/ commonly fl\ri% 9 !m3 z-- ,i4 ,plants belong+ to clayey soils4--,! ,que5 ( ! ,mead[s1 ,spira ulm>ia 7ord] ,rosace74 ,wild ,angelica1 ,angelica sylve/ris4 ,common ,sorrel1 ,rumex acetosa 7ord] ,polygonace71 & v>i\s k9ds ( ,ranunculace1 z ,ranunculus l+ua1 ,ranunculus flamma1 & ,ranunculus scel]atus4 ,,ii4 ,plants belong+ to s&y soils4--,horny ,lotus1 ,lotus corniculatus 7ord] ,rhamnace74 ,little ,h>ebell1 ,campanula rotundifolia 7ord] ,campanulace74 ,eyebright1 ,euphrasia (fic9alis 7ord] ,scrophul>iace74 ,an?oxan?um odoratum4 ,,iii4 ,plants belong+ to argilo-calc>e\s soils4--,coltsfoot1 ,tussilago f>f>a 7ord] ,composit74 ,wild ,mu/>d1 ,s9apis arv5sis 7ord] ,crucif]74 ,buck:eat1 ,polygonum avicul>e 7ord] ,polygonace74 ,,iv4 ,plants belong+ to a s&y & calc>e\s soil4--,broom1 ,g5i/a scop>ia 7ord] ,legum9os74 ,c5taury1 ,c5taurea nigra 7ord] ,g5tianace74 ,galium v]um 7ord] ,rubiace74 ,! ,jacobea1 ,s5eecio ,jacoba4 ,v4 ,plants belong+ to alluvial & m>%y soils4--,re$1 ,arundo phragmites1 ,poa aquatica1 ,poa fluitans4 ,ru%1 ,juncus conglom]atus 7ord] ,juncace74 ,aft] ^! diff]5t soils h be5 br\ght "u cultivation1 ! *>act]i/ic species1 :i* we h j enum]at$1 disappe>1 & are replac$ by o!r plants1 :i* gr[1 to all appe>ance1 spontane\sly1 "u ! "n ( we$s2 b1 9 reality1 spr+ f g]ms or se$s too frequ5tly mix$ up ) ! diff]5t manures1 or spread abroad by ! ag5cy ( birds or ! w9d4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is latt] consid]ation1 ! diffusion ( plants1 we %all transcribe an int]e/+ passage f ,balf\r's excell5t ,manual ( ,botany4 ,"s plants1 he rem>ks1 are dissem9at$ g5]ally ov] ! globe1 :ile o!rs are conf9$ )9 n>r[ limits4 ,"s ( ! common we$s 9 ,brita91 su* z *ickwe$1 %eph]d's purse1 & gr\ndsel1 are f\nd at ! s\!rn extremity ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,laura m9or & trisulca1 ,convolvulus sepium1 ,phragmites communis1 ,c$ium ,m>iscus1 ,scirpus lacu/ris1 ,juncus effusus1 & ,solanum nigrum1 are said to be common to ,great ,brita9 & ,new ,holl&4 ,na/urtium (fic9ale1 & ,samolus ,val]&i are v ext5sively diffus$1 & !y may be reckon$ true cosmopolites4 ,!y are bo? natives ( ,europe1 & !y occur1 ! =m] ne> ,rio ,janeiro1 ! latt] at ,/ ,v9c5t4 ,! l[] ! degree ( developm5t1 ! great] seems to be ! range4 ,"s cryptogamic plants1 z ,lecanora subfusca1 are f\nd all ov] ! globe4 ,man has be5 in/rum5tal 9 widely di/ribut+ cul9>y vegetables1 su* z ! potato1 & ! c]eal gra9s1 z well z _m o!r plants useful = food & manufacture4 ,corn plants1 su* z b>ley1 oats1 rye1 :eat1 spelt1 rice1 maize1 & millet1 are s g5]ally cultivat$ ov] ! globe1 t almo/ all trace is lo/ ( _! native c\ntry4 ,!y c arrive at p]fection 9 a great v>iety ( circum/ances1 & !y h ?us probably a wid] geographical range ?an any o!r k9d ( plants4 ,z reg>ds ^! plants1 ! globe may be divid$ into five gr& regions--! region ( rice1 :i* may be said to support ! greate/ numb] ( ! human race2 ! region ( maize2 ( :eat2 ( rye2 & la/ly1 ( b>ley & oats4 ,! fir/ ?ree are ! mo/ ext5sive1 & maize has ! greate/ range ( temp]ature4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4--,! ,rye ,di/rict4 ,! gra9s ext5d+ f>!/ nor? 9 ,europe are b>ley & oats4 ,rye is ! next1 & is ! prevail+ gra9 9 ,sw$5 & ,norway1 & all ! l&s bord]+ on ! ,baltic1 ! ,nor? ( ,g]many1 & "p ( ,sib]ia4 ,:eat foll[s rye2 x is cultivat$ 9 ! middle & ,s\? ( ,france1 ,engl&1 "p ( ,scotl&1 "p ( ,g]many1 ,hung>y1 ,crimea1 & ! ,caucasus4 ,we next come to a di/rict :]e :eat /ill ab\nds1 b no long] exclusively furni%es bread1--rice & maize becom+ frequ5t4 ,to ?is zone belong ,portugal1 ,spa91 "p ( ,france1 ,italy1 & ,greece1 ,p]sia1 ,nor!rn ,india1 ,arabia1 ,egypt1 ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 c4 ,:eat c be re>$ :]ev] ! mean temp]ature ( ! :ole ye> is n "u #cg or #ci ,f41 & ! mean summ] heat1 = a p]iod ( at lea/ ?ree or f\r mon?s1 is above #ee4 ,x succe$s be/ on ! limits ( ! sub-tropical region4 ,9 ! ,sc&9avian p59sula1 ! cultivation ( b>ley ext5ds to #gj ,n4 latitude1 rye to #fg1 & oats to #fe4 ,! cultivation ( rice prevails 9 ,ea/]n & ,s\!rn ,asia1 & x is a common article ( subsi/5ce 9 v>i\s c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,maize succe$s be/ 9 ! hotte/ & dampe/ p>ts ( tropical climates4 ,x may be re>$ z f> z #dj ,n4 & ,s4 latitude on ! ,am]ican cont95t1 on ! we/]n side2 :ile 9 ,europe x c gr[ ev5 to #ej or #eb ( latitude4 ,x is n[ cultivat$ 9 all regions 9 ! tropical & temp]ate zones :i* are colonis$ by ,europeans4 ,millet ( diff]5t k9ds is met ) 9 ! hotte/ p>ts ( ,africa1 9 ! ,s\? ( ,europe1 9 ,asia ,m9or1 & 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies4#hj ,pr(essor ,h\/on furni%es ! foll[+ table 9 illu/ration ( ! di/ribution ( :eat & b>ley4 ,x also %[s ! mean temp]ature :i* !y require3-- ,,b>ley4 ,w9t] ,summ] ,annual ,mean4 ,mean4 ,mean4 ,n4 ,lat4 #fb-a_/b ,f>oe1 #ci #ea #de #gj ,lapl&1 #bb #df #cc #fgcj' ,russia1 #i #df #cb #egcj' ,sib]ia1 #j #fj #cb ,,:eat4 ,w9t] ,summ] ,annual ,mean4 ,mean4 ,mean4 ,lat4 #eh ,scotl&1 #cf #eg #fd ,norway1 #bc #ei #ci ,sw$51 #bc #ei #ci ,russia1 #ae #fj #cg #cj ,cairo1 #eg #hh #gb ,macao1 #fd #hb #gc ,rio ,janeiro1 #fh #gh #gd ,havannah1 #ga #hb #gg ,b\rbon1 #ga #hj #gg ,w9ds1 wat]1 & animals1 are also in/rum5tal 9 dissem9at+ plants4 ,_m se$s1 ) w+$ & fea!ry app5dages1 are easily waft$ ab\t2 o!rs are c>ri$ by riv]s & /reams1 & "s c be transport$ by ! ocean curr5ts to a great di/ance1 ) _! g5]at+ p[]s unimpair$4 ,,mu%rooms ,,or ,,ag>ics 7,ord] ,,fungi74 ,e ye>--pr9cipally 9 autumn--we are />tl$ by he>+ or read+ ( cases ( poison+ by mu%rooms4 ,erudite connoisseurs1 h[ev]1 :o h pr(it$ by ,dr ,badham's book on ,escul5t ,fungi1 d n suff] !mselves to be intimidat$ by ^! sad n>ratives1 ?\gh1 un=tunately1 !y are frequ5tly too well f\nd$2 because !y "k h[ to di/+ui% ! good f ! ill1 ! true f ! false1 ! edible f ! poison\s mu%room4 ,b ?is security ought n to embold5 ! inexp]i5c$ amateur 9 risk+ 8 life = ! sake ( a delicacy4 ,x is true1 nev]!less1 t we frequ5tly see m5's lives expos$ = some?+ less4 ,look1 :at a spl5did mu%room ,i h discov]$6 a lady said to me1 ! o!r day2 a lady :o knew some?+ ( fl[]s1 b no?+ ( cryptogams4 ,take c>e6 ,i repli$1 tak+ f h] h& ! suppos$ prize2 ?is is ! false mu%room2 & w\ld suffice1 if s]v$ up at y\r table1 to poison y\rself & all y\r gue/s4 ,i ought "h to obs]ve t my fri5d _h n>r[ly escap$ dea? two ye>s be=e1 ?r\gh regal+ h]self ) a di% ( mu%rooms ( v dubi\s "*4 ,among ! symptoms :i* %e exp]i5c$1 & :i* %e describ$ ) m$ical exactness1 %e p>ticul>ly dwelt ^u ! cold sweats1 accompani$ by a s5tim5t ( undef9able t]ror1 :i* is no?+ else ?an ! dread ( dea?3 x 0 ! special symptom ( poison+ ) an un:olesome fungus4 ,let u endeav\r to make ourselves bett] acqua9t$ ) ?is =midable enemy ( epicures4 ,y w h no difficulty 9 f9d+ x 9 any w>m1 close season1 b especially 9 spr+ & autumn4 ,! toad/ool ?rives indiff]5tly 9 ! %ade ( all ! =e/ trees1 b seems to pref] ! oak & bir* to ! p9e & fir4 ,a pat* ( s(t gre5sw>d1 at ! foot ( an old oak1 & 9 ! neighb\rhood ( a brawl+ /ream or tranquil pool1 w g5]ally be cov]$ ) fungi ( ?is description4 ,! num]\s synonyms atta*+ to x %[ h[ greatly x has ex]cis$ ! classify+ _s ( our naturali/s4 ,"s call x ,ag>icus musc>ius1 z if we %\ld say kill-fly mu%room2 o!rs1 *ang+ only ! specific designation1 designate x ,ag>icus pseudo-aurantiacus1--:i* signifies1 lit]ally1 false orange1 9 allusion to ! beautiful yell[ col\r ( ! true aurantiacus4 ,:at is c]ta9 is1 t our mu%room1 :i* c kill m5 z well z flies1 belongs to ! g5us ,ag>ic1 s num]\s 9 species t x c be =m$ into a family1 t ( ! ,ag>ice4 ,! ,ag>ics1 ( :i* ! escul5t mu%room 7,ag>icus edulis7 repres5ts ! type1 are easily recognis$ by _! m or less fle%y pileus1 or cap1 g>ni%$ und]nea? ) lamell1 or gills1 :i* radiate f ! c5tre to ! circumf]5ce1 :5 ! p$icel is 9 ! c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4--;,at ! foot ( an old oak4 ,b "s cryptogami/s are unwill+ to recognise ! orange mu%rooms 7les oronges71 :e!r true or false1 z ,ag>ics4 ,!y place !m 9 a sep>ate g5us1 ! g5us ,amanita1 ?\gh )\t in=m+ u :]e !y f\nd ! "n4 ,mean:ile1 !y ju/ify ! =mation ( ! new g5us by ! pres5ce ( ! :ite swell+1 ! volva1 or wrapp]1 ( ! mycelium1 or spawn1 :i* entirely cov]s bo? ! true & ! false mu%room on its em]g5ce f ! e>?4 ,ea*1 !n1 is an ,amanita4 ,b n[ rem>k _! specific diff]5ce4 ,! true mu%room1 z x develops1 ruptures its ovoid wrapp]1 or volva1 leav+ ! rema9s entirely at ! base ( ! p$icel2 :ile1 9 ! false mu%room1 ! dbris ( ! volva are =m$1 n only at ! base ( ! p$icel1 z 9 ! real ,ag>ic1 b ev5 ^u ! r$ surface ( ! pileus itself3 ^! are ! :ite irregul> w>ts *>act]i/ic ( ! ,amanita1 b :olly want+ 9 ! ,ag>icus4 ,?us1 !re are two ,amanitas3 ! ,amanita musc>ia1 or fly ag>ic1 & ! ,amanita aurantiaca1 or1 z ! ,engli% botani/s call x1 ,ag>icus ,cs>eus1 ! imp]ial mu%room4 ,?is fanciful /udy 9 nom5clature has ! advantage ( initiat+ u into ! mo/ ess5tial di/9ctive *>act]s ( ! two species 9 "q4 ,h[ev]1 a few additional details are necess>y to complete our hi/ory4 ,,! ,,fly ,,ag>ic1 ,,or ,,amanita ,,musc>ia4 ,! species seems to h be5 expressly creat$ to tea* our g\rm&s ! necessity ( vigilance2 t be=e enjoy+ a da9ty !y mu/ fir/ le>n to di/+ui%1 "u p5alty ( dea?1 ! poison\s fungus f t :i* safely & pleasantly tickles ! palate4 ,! w>n+ is useful1 moreov]1 z %[+ t ev5 s5suali/s are n :olly exempt f ! law ( "w4 ,! ,amanita1 l mo/ falsehoods1 is pleasant to ! sight4 ,its r\nd pileus1 ( a beautiful orange-r$ col\r1 spott$ ) :ite w>ts1 & l9$ ) :ite gills1 seems to invite y\r att5tion4 7,fig4 #gc47 ,/rike x d[n ) y\r /ick2 ! lamell or gills und]nea? resemble ! :ite leaves ( a book4 ,its graceful /alk1 ornam5t$ on ! upp] "p by a well-design$ necklet1 is bulb\s 9 its l[] portion2 its fle% is dazzl+ly :ite2 9 %ort1 its entire appe>ance is attractive4 ,yet x is a traitor6 ,y little "k ! dep? ( its wick$ness4 ,mix a few %r$s ( its :ite fle% ) a little milk2 e fly :i* dr9ks ( ! mixture w1 9 a few seconds1 fall dead1 _! swoll5 abdom5 be>+ te/imony to ! effect ( ! poison4 ,& 9 _m di/ricts ( ,g]many1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,?ur+ia1 ! peasants make use ( x to rid !mselves ( ! sw>ms ( flies :i*1 t[>ds ! close ( summ]1 infe/ _! habitations4 ,x is ?us t man may frequ5tly turn to 8 advantage ^? objects ( nature :i*1 at ! fir/ glance1 appe> injuri\s r ?an useful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--,! ,amanita ,musc>ia4 ,v>i\s exp]im5ts h be5 essay$ to te/ ! intoxicat+ influ5ce ( our ,amanita4 ,bulli>d1 au?or ( ! ,hi/oire des ,*ampignons de ,france1 made two cats p>take ( x4 ,six h\rs aft]w>ds1 ^! animals1 :o are s t5aci\s ( life1 7 dead4 ,hall]1 9 8 ,hi/oire des ,plantes ,vnneuses de la ,suisse1 says t ! ,ag>icus musc>ius 7,amanita musc>ia7 _c be eat5 ) impunity1 six ,li?uanians hav+ di$ ( x2 & 9 ,kamts*atka x has be5 kn[n to excite deadly attacks ( delirium1 accompani$ by s deep a despond5cy1 t ^? :o h eat5 ( x w\ld fa9 fl+ !mselves into ! fire1 or fall ^u _! knives or dagg]s4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 we take to be an exagg]ation4 ,! tru? is1 t 9 ,kamts*atka x is us$ to produce intoxication2 & su* is its /r5g?1 x imp>ts an intoxicat+ prop]ty to ! ur9e ( ^? :o swall[ x4 ,:5 ! fungus itself is n at h&1 ! w\ld-be drunk>d frequ5tly resorts to ?is nause\s potion4 ,! fle% ( ! ,amanita is n yell[4 ,yet ,vicat speaks ( poison+s produc$ by ! ,yell[ ,amanita4 ,i _h mu* difficulty1 says ?is physician1 9 sav+ two families ( ,lausanne1 poison$ ?r\gh eat+ a v small quantity ( mu%rooms1 :i* ! fa!r 9 ! "o case1 & ! "m 9 ! o!r1 _h mi/ak5 = ,ag>ici ,cs>ei1 ?\gh !y 7 bo? e/eem$ great connoisseurs1 & especially 9 ?is species2 nor _h !y be5 once deceiv$ = upw>ds ( ?irty ye>s1 until !y indulg$ !mselves 9 ?is delici\s b deceitful di%4 ,^! poison+s c\ld h be5 occasion$ only by ! ,amanita4 ,"s v>ieties exi/1 9 :i* ! "u surface ( ! pileus is yell[1 b ! fle% is :ite4 ,to "o ( ^! v>ieties ,vicat's anecdote probably ref]s4 ,?us1 ! ,amanita =mosa ( ,p]soon has p$icel1 pileus1 & w>ts ( ! pileus1 ( a citron yell[4 ,x is b a v>iety ( ! ,amanita musc>ia4 ,! ,amanita umbr9a ( ! same botani/ 7! ,ag>icus pan!r9us ( ,de ,c&olle7 has an olive-col\r$ pileus2 its surface1 l t ( ,amanita musc>ia1 is cov]$ ) :ite scales4 ,! ,amanita solit>ius is di/+ui%$ by ! size ( its umbilical cap1--sometimes depress$ 9 ! c5tre1--:i* is furni%$ ) a great numb] ( :ite or pale br[n scales2 :5 fully develop$1 x measures f ?irty to =ty c5timetres 9 diamet]4 ,! p$icel is bulb\s1 ) a membran\s r+1 :ite z sn[1 clasp$ ar\nd x2 at ! base x is clo!d 9 pellicles1 ! rema9s ( its scaly volva4 ,! fle% is firm1 ?ick1 & :ite4 ,y r>ely meet ) m ?an two or ?ree individuals 9 ! same locality2 h5ce its "n ( solit>ius4 ,bulli>d speaks ( ! fle% z good to eat1 :5 cook$ on a gridiron1 & season$ ) fre% butt]1 salt1 & pepp]4 ,x is possible4 ,b z x is s easily confus$ ) ! poison\s species1 ! au?or ( ! ,hi/oire des ,*ampignons w\ld h done bett] to prohibit its consumption1 :e!r eatable or n4 ,we may n[ turn to ! me?od adopt$ by ,dr ,vicat to save ! lives ( ! two families at ,lausanne1 :o1 z we h se51 7 poison$ by p>tak+ ( ! ,amanita3-- 99 99 99 99 99 ,i dissolv$1 he says1 six gra9s ( t>t> emetic 9 a litre ( wat]1 & f "t to "t adm9i/]$ a spoonful to my pati5ts2 moreov]1 ,i made !m swall[ floods ( w>m wat]1 sweet5$ ) a little honey1--t is1 a l>ge tea-spoonful ( honey to a cupful ( wat]4 ,i _h mu* difficulty to get "o ( ! suff]]s1 :o 0 sixty ye>s old1 to swall[ ! fir/ few spoonfuls4 ,he 0 plung$ into a le?>gic ins5sibility diff]+ 9 no respect f complete apoplexy2 8 tee? 7 closely set4 ,^? :om ,i _h ord]$ to adm9i/] ! mixture _h giv5 x up1 aft] sev]al useless attempts2 & 9 all probability ! old man w\ld h sunk1 _h ,i n _h ! pati5ce to hold1 = "s h\rs1 aga9/ 8 tee? ! back ( ! blade ( a small silv] knife1 s z to pr(it by ! few mom5ts :5 ! tee? 7 a little less firmly cl5*$4 ,i us$ "s =ce to make ! blade act z a w$ge1 & aft] a :ile op5$ up a passage to ! h&le1 :i*1 s]v+ z a lev]1 =c$ ! jaws suffici5tly ap>t to admit ! introduction ( a spoonful ( ! emetic4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 until fully two h\rs _h pass$ t ! pati5t1 hav+ und\bt$ly swall[$ ! necess>y dose1 began to vomit1 ) /r5u\s ef=ts & frightful cries4 ,?is 0 at midnight4 ,f\r 9 ! morn+ arriv$ be=e1 aft] num]\s alt]nations ( vomit+ & pr(\nd le?>gy1 he began to speak1 & !n l a man 9 delirium4 ,aft] ! fir/ vomit1 :i* 0 inconsid]able1 ! convulsions ( 8 :ole body 7 s v viol5t z to require f\r m5 to hold him1 :ile ,i cont9u$ to make use ( my knife z at fir/4 ,nor did ,i desi/ until ,i 0 satisfi$ t 8 /oma* _h be5 suffici5tly cleans$4 ,aft] ?is1 ,i appli$ two /rong bli/]s to ! back ( 8 legs4 ,z ^! act$1 ! purg+ subsid$1 & at ! end ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs x _h pass$ away entirely1 ! invalid f9d+ himself z well z c\ld be expect$ aft] su/a9+ s sev]e a %ock4 ,! o!r pati5ts1 :o 7 n 9 s mu* dang]1 exp]i5c$ twit*+s & trembl+s 9 ! face1 :i* q disfigur$ !m2 ! bra9 seem$ a blank2 ?\gh awake1 !y felt z 9 a dream1 & _! visions 7 mo/ frightful4 ,x is evid5t1 f ^! p>ticul>s1 t mu%room-poison+ specially affects ! encephalic n]v\s sy/em1 & t ! be/ rem$ies are emetics & antispasmodics4 ,9 our pres5t ignorance ( :at are ! poison\s pr9ciples 9 ! ,amanita1 we c adopt no o!r me?od ?an a *emical neutralisation4 ,,ag>icus ,c,,s>eus1 ,,or ,,imp]ial ,,mu%room4 ,9 ?is mu%room1 = :i*1 z we h se51 ! ,amanita is too frequ5tly mi/ak51 ! inside z well z ! outside is yell[2 ! upp] surface ( ! pileus1 :i* is equally free f scales & w>ts1 is1 h[ev]1 ( a r$di% yell[1 l t ( an orange 7:5ce ! popul> ,fr5* "n1 la vrai oronge72 all ! o!r p>ts are ( a beautiful citron hue4 ,?is ag>ic exhales an agreeable od\r1 comb9$ app>5tly ( ! sc5t ( ! vanilla & ! truffle4 ,x decomposes rapidly1 & :5 9 a /ate ( advanc$ putridity1 ! fragrance ,i speak ( is succe$$ by--well1 by a fe>ful /5*6 ,:5 "y1 & /ill completely cov]$ ) its wrapp] or volva 7?is1 9 ! ,amanita1 is imp]fect71 x is v l a h5's egg :i* has be5 p>tly buri$ 9 ! gr\nd s z to expose only ! l>g] end4 ,x seems p>tial to solitude2 m ?an f\r or five are seldom f\nd 9 ! same locality4 ,moreov]1 9 autumn x affects ! same habitats z ! ,amanita1--:i* is un=tunate4 ,x w\ld seem t our imp]ial mu%room 0 specially appreciat$ by ! anci5ts1 & x is said t ,n]o pron\nc$ x a di% fit = ! gods4 ,9 ?is circum/ance orig9at$ ! sci5tific "n :i* has n[ become popul>1 & :i* 0 fir/ appli$ to x by ! cryptogami/ ,fries1 ,ag>icus ,cs>eus4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4--,! ,imp]ial ,mu%room4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,boletus ( ,pl9y appe>s to h be5 our ,ag>icus1 & n "o ( our ,boleti1 :i* are easily recognis$ by ! num]\s tub]cul> projections cov]+ ! "u "p ( ! pileus4 ,9 pro( ( ?is ,i w\ld po9t out t ! ,roman naturali/1 aft] speak+ ( ! ,boleti z g5u9e delicacies1 imm$iately inveighs aga9/ !m z dang]\sly poison\s4 ,he relates t x 0 ) "o ( ^!1 or r ) "o ( ! false mu%rooms s easily mi/ak5 = ! true1 t ,agripp9a poison$ ! ,emp]or ,claudius1 to secure ! imp]ial cr[n = h] son ,n]o4#ha ,! virtues ( ! mu%rooms h be5 sung by ,juv5al & ,m>tial4 ,! latt] accurately di/+ui%es ! true f ! false1 :5 reproa*+ ,ccilianus ) 8 gluttony4 ,ah1 y are us$ to dev\r y\r ,boleti alone1 9 ! face ( y\r invit$ gue/s2 eat !n1 ! ,boletus :i* ,claudius ate6 ,dic mihi1 quis furor e/8 ,turba spectante vocata1 ,solus boletos1 ,cciliane1 voras4 ,quid dignum tanto tibi v5tri1 gulaque precabor8 ,boletum1 qualem ,claudius edit1 edas4#hb ,! be/ kn[n & mo/ valuable species ( ,ag>ici may be briefly enum]at$3-- ,ag>icus campe/ris1 or ,common ,mu%room1 f\nd 9 ne>ly all temp]ate regions3 pileus convex1 & :ite1 ) a t+e ( br[n2 ?ick set on ! "u side ) d>k br[n gills2 /em firm & fle%y1 & surr\nd$ by a :ite membran\s r+4 ,ag>icus ,cs>eus1 or ,imp]ial ,mu%room1 ! ,kais]l+ ( ! ,g]mans1 already describ$4 ,ag>icus deliciosus1 or ,orange-milk$ ,ag>ic1 f\nd 9 cov]ts ( fir & junip]2 pileus viscid1 orange1 & upw>ds ( f\r in*es broad2 gills & juice ( a f9e orange col\r4 ,ag>icus proc]us1 or ,p>asol ,mu%room1 f\nd 9 ! %ade ( trees1 on mead[s ) a s&y soil2 /em f eight to twelve in*es high1 ) a ?ick spongy r+2 pileus bell-%ap$1 & cov]$ ) br[n scales4 ,ag>icus ,virg9eus1 or ,:ite ,field ,ag>ic1 f\nd 9 ri* moi/ pa/ures2 pileus :iti%1 & convex2 gills ( a light *ocolate %ade2 /em ne>ly two in*es broad4 ,ag>icus eburneus1 or ,ivory ,mu%room1 f\nd 9 bee* woods2 grayi%-yell[ pileus2 broad gills2 /em long & scaly4 ,ag>icus ,georgii1 ,/ ,george's ,ag>ic1 or ,:itecaps1 f\nd 9 moi/ pa/ures1 & 9 ! %elt] ( old b>ns1 f>mh\ses1 & *ur*es2 fle% yell[2 gills yell[i%-:ite2 pileus twelve to eighte5 in*es broad2 ! lea/ valuable ( ,briti% species ( ag>ic1 b useful 9 ket*up-mak+4 ,ag>icus oreades1 ,fairy-r+ ,mu%room1 or ,scot* bonnets1 f\nd 9 mead[s1 :]e x gr[s 9 circles kn[n z fairy r+s2 pileus seldom exce$s an in* 9 diamet]2 /em solid1 t\gh1 & fibr\s1 ) a boss or umbo 9 ! c5tre1 ( a light br[n col\r2 ! fle% :ite1 & ( a pleasant od\r4 ,ag>icus odorus1 ,anise ,mu%room1 or ,sweet-sc5t$ ,ag>ic2 pileus slightly convex1 ab\t ?ree in*es broad1 & ) pale gills2 ! sc5t l t ( anise2 /em /rong1 fle%y1 b n v tall4 ,ag>icus =mosus1 or ,smoky ,mu%room2 s call$ f ! col\r ( ! upp] surface ( ! pileus2 ! /alk & gills ( a pale yell[2 gr[s 9 fir woods4 ,ag>icus primulus1 or ,m\ss]on1 gr[s 9 woods & pa/ures1 :]e ! soil is s&y2 pileus convex1 yell[1 ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es 9 diamet]2 gills *ange f :ite to fle% col\r4 ,h[ _m ,vegetable ,species exi/ ov] ! :ole surface ( ! ,globe8 ,i w n d my read]s ! inju/ice to suppose t !y are unacqua9t$ ) ! writ+s ( our greate/ ,engli% poetess1 ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,br[n+4 ,!y w n fail to h be5 attract$ by ! prodigal g5ius1 ! sup]abundant p[]1 ! exquisite imag]y1 ! pr(\nd _s ( t5d]ness1 ! high1 pure ?\ghts1 :i* r5d] almo/ e page su* delightful read+4 ,successful z %e 01 h[ev]1 9 giv+ expression to ! mo/ subtle emotions & ! int5se/ feel+1 ,i ?9k %e 0 ev5 happi] 9 h] descriptions ( sc5]y4 ,^! are inv>iably agl[ ) life & col\r1 & h all ! fidelity ( ,creswick ) ! imag9ative insight ( ,turn]4 ,turn+ ov] h] ,aurora ,leigh1 ! o!r day1 ,i light$ on ! foll[+ beautiful picture3-- ,i flatt]$ all ! beaute\s c\ntry r\nd1 ,z poets use--! skies1 ! cl\ds1 ! fields1 ,! happy violets1 hid+ f ! roads ,! primroses run d[n to1 c>ry+ gold-- ,! tangl$ h$g][s1 :]e ! r[s pu% out ,_! tol]ant horns & pati5t *urn+ m\?s ',twixt dripp+ a%-b\ghs--h$g][s all alive ,) birds1 & gnats1 & l>ge :ite butt]flies1 ,:i* look z if ! ,may-fl[] _h caught life ,& palpitat$ =? ^u ! w9d3 ,hills1 vales1 woods1 nett$ 9 a silv] mi/2 ,f>ms1 granges1 d\bl$ up among ! hills1 ,& cattle graz+ 9 ! wat]$ vales1 ,& cottage *imneys smok+ f ! woods1 ,& cottage g>d5s smell+ ev]y:]e1 ,confus$ ) smell ( or*>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4--;,& cattle graz+ 9 ! wat]$ vales4 ,z ,i read ?is f9e passage1 ! ?\ght occurr$ to me1 h[ _m ?\s&s !re are :o1 9 su* a sc5e z x s vividly depicts1 w\ld see no beauty :atev]1 ^: he>t w\ld n respond to x1 ^: sympa?ies w\ld n be ar\s$ by all its v>iety ( outl9e & all its ri* magnific5ce ( col\r6 ,yet n 9 s wide a l&scape alone1 b 9 ! smalle/ nook1--9 ! little clump ( elms by ! side ( ! /ream1 9 yond] grassy knoll ris+ /raight up f ! old *ur*y>d1 9 ! quiet angle ( ! gre5 pa/ure-mead[s1--!re is a :ole _w ( wond] & beauty = him :o has eyes to see & a he>t to feel6 ,look at ! fl[]y bank :i* runs along ! side ( an ,engli% lane4 ,is x n cr[d$ ) objects ( ! r>e/ & pure/ int]e/8 ,c\nt ! _m v>ieties ( grasses :i* clo! x s abundantly1 c\nt ! _m species ( fl[]s & h]bs :i* adorn x ) a grace beyond all human skill1 & ackn[l$ge t 9 itself x might supply ! inquir] ) matt] = ye>s ( /udy & m$itation4 ,pursu+ ?is tra9 ( ?\ght1 ,i 0 l$ to ?9k ( ! numb] ( g5]a & species into :i* ! plant _w is divid$1--a rem>kable pro(1 n only ( ! p[] & wisdom1 b ( ! goodness ( ! ,creator1 ( ,8 desire to furni% man ) inexhau/ible s\rces ( pleasure & ent]ta9m5t2 & f9ally1 to put to myself ! "q1 ,h[ _m vegetable species exi/ ov] ! :ole surface ( ! globe8 ,if ?is corn] ( a leafy ,engli% lane is s ri* 9 v>iety1 :at mu/ be ! case ) ! wide1 wide _w8 ,i 0 n[ br\ght to see t a "q s difficult c\ld1 l s _m o!rs1 be usefully approa*$ only by its inf]ior limit2 9 o!r words1 t 9 ! actual condition ( botanical sci5ce1 we c b affirm ! numb] :i* c]ta9ly exce$s ! sum ( ! vegetable species scatt]$ ov] ! surface ( our e>?4 ,to det]m9e ?is total ) ma!matical accuracy1 we %\ld ne$ to h explor$ ! t]re/rial cru/1 liquid & solid1 l& & wat]1 f ! b$ ( ocean to ! l9e ( p]petual sn[1 & f ! equator to ! poles4 ,& z yet we are v f> f hav+ obta9$ s complete a possession ( ! planet :i* has be5 assign$ z a dwell+-place to our poor humanity1--alas1 m presumptu\s ?an p[]ful6 99 99 99 99 99 ,! numb] ( plants m5tion$ by ,!ophra/us1 ,dioscorides1 & ,pl9y1 :om we take to be ! repres5tatives ( anci5t botany1 does n exce$ five hundr$ species4 ,h[ v few1 comp>$ ) ! presumable total6 ,! ,middle ,ages add$ sc>cely any?+ to ! botanical rese>*es ( antiquity4 ,x is only s9ce ! discov]y ( ,am]ica t we h se5 ! doma9 ( ,flora ext5d+ itself 9 unexpect$ proportions4 ,b we mu/ come d[n to ! epo* ( ,l9nu 7! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury7 be=e we c obta9 an accurate li/ ( species1 sci5tifically classifi$4 ,murray's edition ( ! ,specilegium ( ,l9nu conta9s two ?\s& & =ty-two species1 includ+ ! ,cryptogams4 ,wildmore1 9 ano!r edition ( ! same great "w1 rais$ ! total to tw5ty ?\s&4 ,& ?is 0 ! po9t at :i* our botani/s _h arriv$ :5 ! n9ete5? c5tury op5$4 ,b x 0 n long be=e !y p]ceiv$ t all ^! e/imates1 l>ge z !y seem$1 fell immeasurably %ort ( ! reality4 ,9 attempt+ to di/ribute ! diff]5t species among ! !n kn[n regions ( ! globe1 ,alex&] von ,humboldt arriv$ at a total ( =ty-f\r ?\s& species1 ,phan]ogams & ,cryptogams includ$4 ,de ,c&olle ext5d$ ! e/imate to upw>ds ( fifty-six ?\s&4 ,let u divide1 9 fancy1 ! e>? into two p>ts1--"o :i* has be5 visit$ by travell]s1 & "o :i* /ill rema9s to be explor$4 ,c y det]m9e :i* w\ld pres5t ! l>g] area8 ,! latt]4 ,?us we possess b a v imp]fect k ( ! luxuriant1 ! gl[+ vegetation ( ! tropical & sub-tropical regions ( ! ,new ,_w1 9 spite ( ! lab\rs ( ,bates1 ,agassiz1 ,wallace1 & o!rs4 ,to ! nor? ( ! equator1 we "k v little ( ! flora ( ,yucatan1 ,guatemala1 ,nic>agua1 ! i/hmus ( ,panama1 ! ,*aco ( ,antioquius1 ! prov9ce ( ,los ,pa/os4 ,we are n mu* bett] acqua9t$ ) ! vegetation ( ! c\ntries s\? ( ! equator4 ,:at d we "k ( ! manifold species fl\ri%+ 9 ,p>aguay1 9 ! prov9ce ( ! ,missions1 9 ! imm5se wood$ region betwe5 ! ,ucayali1 ! ,rio de la ,madeira1 & ! ,tocant91 ?ree afflu5ts ( ! mighty riv] ,amazon8 ,we "k sc>cely any?+4 ,our ignorance increases if f ,am]ica we pass to ,africa4 ,ne>ly ! :ole int]ior ( ?is cont95t1 f #ae ,n4 latitude to #bj ,s4 latitude1 is1 botanically speak+1 a blank to u4 ,! same is ! case ) ! great] portion ( ,c5tral ,asia4 ,! floras ( ! s\? & s\?-ea/ ( ,arabia are /ill seal$ lett]s1--treasuries to :i* we h n f\nd ! key4 ,z mu* may be said ( ! floras ( ! c\ntries situat$ betwe5 ! ,?ian-,s*an1 ! ,ku5lung1 & ! ,himalaya1 z well z ( ! floras ( we/]n ,*9a1 & mo/ ( ! trans-,gangetic c\ntries4 ,we "k /ill less ( ! vegetation ( ! int]ior ( ,madagasc>1 ,borneo1 ,new ,gu9ea1 & ! great] "p ( ,au/ralia4 ,to conclude3 we are probably n acqua9t$ ) m ?an "o-fif? ( ! vegetable species :i* cov] ! surface ( our globe4 ,!re are regions1 moreov]1 :i* we imag9e w always lie outside ( our sph]e ( inve/igation2 su*1 = in/ance1 are ! ,pol> regions1 prop]ly s call$4 ,und\bt$ly1 x is op5 to u to conjecture t ! ,poles--^? two extremities ( our axis ( planet>y rotation--are n ! home ( any =m ( life4 ,b ?is is only a conjecture2 we are ev5 )\t an analogy = x2 s9ce we h f\nd1 z %[n 9 an e>li] *apt] ( ! pres5t volume1 liv+ be+s1 plants1 & animals1 among ! sn[s ( our l(tie/ m\nta9s4 ,moreov]1 might n ! auroras1 ^: maximum ( int5sity occurs exactly at ! poles1 r5d] life possible 9 regions :]e we at pres5t suppose x to be impossible8 ,conjecture = conjecture1--ackn[l$ge t we "h t\* 9 bo? cases ^u an elem5t completely beyond our human p[]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,^!1 !n1 are ! reasons :y1 at pres5t1 we c only v5ture ^u def9+ ! l[] limit1 ! re/rict$ numb]1 above :i* we are unable to fix ! total ( vegetable species liv+ on ! surface ( our planet4 ,! me?od to be adopt$ has be5 indicat$ by ,alex&] von ,humboldt 9 8 ,ansi*t5 d] ,natur 7,pictures ( ,nature74 ,8 me?od consi/s 9 ! comp>ison ( ! vegetable families ^: num]ical relations are kn[n1 ) ! numb] ( species conta9$ 9 our h]b>iums1 or cultivat$ 9 our botanical g>d5s4 ,b "h1 at ! outset1 a difficulty confronts u4 ,does any relation exi/ betwe5 ! classification ( plants by natural families & by _! geographical di/ribution8 ,to gr\p plants accord+ to _! analogies ( /ructure1 we /udy !m f an ab/ract po9t ( view1 & )\t any reg>d to ! m$ium 9 :i* !y fl\ri%4 ,! "q gr[s complicat$ if we also take into consid]ation _! *>act]i/ic conditions & _! di/ribution ov] ! t]re/rial surface4 ,families are !n split asund]1 & ! importance ( our sci5tific classifications disappe>s4 ,! ga!r+ toge!r ( a small numb] ( species1 repres5t$ by innum]able individuals1 conf9$ )9 ! same area1 may suffice to communicate to a l&scape its *>act]i/ic physiognomy3 z1 = example1 is ! case ) ! ,asiatic /eppes1 ! l&es ( ,brittany1 ! moors ( ,scotl&1 ! palm-groves & ! clumps ( ,cactace ( tropical ,am]ica4 ,by ! side ( species :i* impress u by _! mass--t is1 by ! frequ5t reproduction ( ! same individuals at an inf9itesimal di/ance f "o ano!r--are plac$ ^? mu* m num]\s species :i* are ev]y:]e v ?9ly s[n4 ,b d ! plants !mselves foll[1 f ! equator to ! poles1 ! same law ( decrease z obta9s f ! base to ! summit ( ! l(tie/ equatorial m\nta9s8 ,"u id5tical iso!rmal l9es1 is ! ratio ( families kn[n & id5tifi$ to ! probable aggregate ( ,phan]ogams ! same1 9 ! temp]ate zone1 on ei!r side ( ! equator8 ,:at are ! vegetable families :i* prepond]ate at ! two extremes1 repres5t$ by ! torrid & ! frigid zones8 ,"u ! same geographical latitude1 or betwe5 ! same iso!rmal l9es1 are ! ,synan!r1 ! ,gram9e1 ! ,legum9os1 ! ,labiat1 ! ,crucif]1 ! ,umbellif]1 m num]\s 9 ! ,old ?an 9 ! ,new ,_w8 ,:at families1 ei!r ?r\gh _! mass ( individuals or _! numb] ( species1 take prec$5ce ( ! o!r ,phan]ogams8 ,h[ _m species ( "o & ! same family belong to any p>ticul> c\ntry8 ,:at gr\ps or families are *>act]i/ic ( ea* zone8 ,is ! pres5t classification ( g5]a & species 9 all respects :at c\ld be desir$8 99 99 99 99 99 ,^! are que/ions t require to be consid]$1 & to "s ( !m we %all pres5tly attempt replies4 ,h]b>iums1 ?\gh _! classification is too frequ5tly imp]fect1 may furni% u ) data ( great utility4 ,! great h]b>ium ( ,b5jam9 ,deless]t 0 e/imat$1 aft] 8 dea?1 to conta9 #hf1jjj species1--a total n widely diff]+ f t :i* ,l9dley1 9 #ahce1 e/imat$ z ! probable aggregate ( ! vegetable species ( ! _w4 ,great 9 importance are botanic g>d5s4 ,l\don1 9 8 ,hortus ,britannicus 7ed4 #ahcb71 places at #bb1ffj ! numb] ( ,phan]ogams cultivat$ 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,bri/ol amateur botani/s4 ,) ?is numb] we mu/ n conf\nd ! liv+ species exhibit$1 9 o!r c\nties1 9 g>d5s design$ = ! in/ruction ( /ud5ts1 nor ! gr& total re>$ = a simil> purpose at ,kew4 ,kun?'s enum]ation1 9 #ahfa1 ( ! plants at ! ,botanic ,g>d5s at ,b]l91 "o ( ! ri*e/ 9 ,europe1 am\nt$ to upw>ds ( #ad1jjj species1 includ+ #cge hea?s4 ,among ! ,phan]ogams 7 #afjj ,synan!r1 #aaej ,legum9os1 #dbh ,labiat1 #cgj ,umbellif]1 #dfj ,or*idace1 #fj ,palmace1 #fjj ,gram9e & ,cyp]ace1 c4 ,by comp>+ ^! data ) ! numb] ( species describ$ 9 ! works ( ,de ,c&olle1 ,walp]s1 ,b5?am1 ,l9dley1 ,kun?1 & o!rs1 we f9d t 9 ! ,b]l9 g>d5s are cultivat$ only "o-sev5? ( ! kn[n species ( ! ,synan!r1 "o-eigh? ( ! ,legum9os1 "o-n9? ( ! ,gram9e1 & ab\t "o-fiftie? ( ! small] families1 su* z ! ,labiat & ,umbellif]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,n[1 if we admit t1 on ! "o h&1 ! numb] ( phan]ogam\s species cultivat$ 9 all ! great g>d5s ( ,europe is ab\t #cj1jjj1 &1 on ! o!r1 t ! cultivat$ ,phan]ogams =m ab\t "o-eigh? "p ( ! species describ$ 9 books & pres]v$ 9 h]b>iums1 we obta9 a total ( #bd1jjj species4 ,b ! ,cryptogams1 or ,agams1 su* z hea?s1 mosses1 li*5s1 mu%rooms1 fungi1 m\ld1 & ! l1 ( :i* our k1 z yet1 is v imp]fect1 are probably mu* m num]\s 9 species ?an ! ,phan]ogams2 = ^! vegetables1 mo/ly microscopical1 develop !mselves :]ev] life c manife/ itself--on ! b>r5 & d5ud$ rocks1 z well z 9 ! air & 9 ! dep?s ( ! ocean4 ,if we suppose t !y exce$ only by #bjjj ! e/imat$ numb] ( ,phan]ogams1 we %all obta9 a total ( j half-a-million6 ,su*1 9 our op9ion1 is ! numb] :i* approximatively repres5ts ! l[] limit ( ! aggregate ( vegetable species 7phan]ogam\s & cryptogam\s7 inhabit+ our planet4 ,! innum]able individuals ( ?is half-million ( species are born1 & live1 & reproduce _! k9d1 & die1 l ! twelve hundr$ millions ( individuals ( our solit>y human species4 ,! =m]1 x is true1 rema9 fix$ to ! soil :i* has witness$ _! bir?1 :ile ! latt] w&]1 m or less freely ov] ! t]re/rial surface4 ,d n animals enjoy ! same privilege ( locomotion8 ,und\bt$ly4 ,b m5 boa/ ( ! reason & ! consci5ce ) :i* !y are end[$4 ,agre$4 ,b ) ! exception ( a small numb]--! inf9ite m9ority ( progress--to :at advantage h m5 employ$ ! reason & ! consci5ce ( :i* !y boa/8 99 99 99 99 99 ,b ?is is a digression4 ,we proce$ to place be=e ! read] a few f9al data 9 illu/ration ( ! subject we h be5 consid]+--! numb] ( exi/+ vegetable species4 ,! foll[+ is an e/imate ( ! kn[n species ( plants on ! globe at diff]5t dates3-- ,phan]ogams4 ,cryptogams4 ,total4 ,accord+ to ,l9nu1 #agec1 #e1cbc #fae #e1ich ,pusoon1 #ahjg1 #ai1idi #f1jjj #be1idi ,/5del1 #ahbd1 #ci1fhd #aj1gfe #ej1fdi ,/5del1 #ahda1 #gh1jjj #ac1jjj #ia1jjj ,/5del1 #ahdd1 #hj1jjj #ae1jjj #ie1jjj ,! advance made ( late ye>s 9 ! k ( exi/+ species w be app>5t f a consid]ation ( ,l9dley's e/imate 9 #ahdf3-- ,g5]a4 ,species4 ,?allog5s1 #ici #h1cid ,acrog5s1 #caj #d1jhf ,rhizog5s1 #ba #ec ,endog5s1 #a1dbj #ac1fhd ,dictyog5s1 #ag #bfh ,gymnog5s1 #cg #baj ,exog5s1 #f1aia #af1bbe ------ ------- ,total1 #h1ice #ib1ibj ,accord+ to ,h9ds1 ! foll[+ families are almo/ entirely re/rict$ to p>ticul> divisions ( ! globe3-- ,to ,europe--,globul>iace1 ,c]atophyllace4 ,to ,asia--,dipt]oc>pace1 ,aquil>iace1 ,camelliace1 ,mor+ace1 ,/ilag9ace4 ,to ,africa--,bruniace1 ,brexiace1 ,belvisiace1 ,p5ace4 ,to ,nor? ,am]ica--,s>rac5iace4 ,to ,s\? ,am]ica--,rhizobolace1 ,gillesiace1 ,calyc]ace1 ,vo*ysiace1 ,sim>ubace1 ,monimiace1 ,humiriace1 ,papayace1 ,gesn]ace1 ,laci/emace4 ,to ,au/ralasia--,good5iace1 ,epacridace1 ,/ackh\siace1 ,brunoniace1 ,trem&race4 ,a gr\p ( plants occurr+ only 9 "o ( ! six great divisions ( ! _w is call$ monomic1 7f "o1 & 1 a region74 ,a gr\p common to two divisions is d9omic2 to ?ree1 tr9omic2 to f\r1 quatr9omic2 to all ! divisions1 polynomic4 ,,natural ,,families ,,pr$om9ant ,,9 ,,! ,,nor!rn ,,hemisph]e4 ,ac]ace1 ,alismace1 ,am5tace1 ,artoc>pe 7fam4 ,articace71 ,aurantiace1 ,b]b]ace1 ,borag9ace1 ,campanulace1 ,caprifoliace1 ,c>yophyllace1 ,ci/ace1 ,conif]1 ,crucif]1 ,dipsacace1 ,elagnace1 ,fum>iace1 ,grossul>iace1 ,hamamelidace1 ,hippoca/ane 7fam4 ,sap9dace71 ,hyp]icace1 ,magnoliace1 ,onagrace1 ,oroban*ace1 ,papav]ace1 ,ranunculace1 ,residace1 ,rosace1 ,rutace1 ,saxifragace1 ,umbellif]1 ,vacc9iace4 ,,natural ,,families ,,pr$om9ant ,,9 ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,hemisph]e4 ,am>yllidace1 ,a!rosp]mace1 ,cactace1 ,capp>idace1 ,crassulace1 ,dill5iace1 ,diosme 7fam4 ,rutace71 ,g]aniace1 ,hmodorace1 ,heliotrope 7fam4 ,ehretiace71 ,iridace1 ,malpighiace1 ,mela/omace1 ,mesembryace1 ,myopor9e 7fam4 ,v]b5ace71 ,myrtace1 ,oxalidace1 ,pittosporace1 ,polygalace1 ,proteace1 ,re/iace1 ,scvole 7fam4 ,good5iace71 ,spigele 7fam4 ,loganiace71 ,/ylidiace4 ,,! ,,h>ve/ ,,bug4 ,i v mu* wi%1 said my fri5d ,t4 to me "o day1 to buy a small e/ate 9 ! vic9ity ( ---- ,=e/4 ,if !re %\ld be "o to sell1 pray let me "k ( x4 ,x 0 n long be=e an opportunity arose = my fri5d to satisfy 8 desire4 ,b aft] ,i _h made him acqua9t$ ) x1 he decl>$ himself no long] will+ to pur*ase a prop]ty 9 a di/rict :]e1 z he _h le>n$1 "o 0 dev\r$ by r$ bea/s all ?r\gh ! f9e/ mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,:at a frightful neighb\rhood to live 91 :]e y 7 =bidd5 to walk 9 y\r g>d5 "u pa9 ( cat*+ an it* 9 y\r legs6 ,unque/ionably1 x is only too true t ! cultivat$ gr\nd1 :e!r on ! nor!rn or ! s\!rn slope ( ! =e/1 is infe/$1 f ! beg9n+ ( summ] to ! beg9n+ ( w9t]1 by ,lilliputian horrors1 l s _m t9y r$ po9ts1 :i* cl+ ob/9ately to ! sk91 & !re deposit1 "u ! epid]mis1 _! microscopic brood4 ,once plant$ !re1 ! r\gets1 z ! ,fr5* call !m1 or h>ve/ bugs1 z we ,engli% call !m1 effect consid]able mis*ief2 & if1 to relieve "o's self1 "o indulges 9 a scrat*1 ! cutane\s surface is quickly cov]$ by small bli/]s1 :i* on a cursory exam9ation might be tak5 = a sk9 affection n g5]ally nam$ 9 polite he>+4 ,b "o does n p]ceive ! gall]ies excavat$ by ^! annoy+ insects1 positive tunnels or cov]$ ways1 ?r\gh :i* !y proce$ to p\r =? else:]e ! sup]fluity ( _! num]\s prog5y4 ,less prolific ?an ! ,ac>i1 :i* create ^u ! sk9 imm5se pat*es ( irritation1 ! h>ve/ bugs conf9e !mselves to a few circumscrib$ localities3 _! fav\rite *oice be+ ! legs1 ! arms1 & ! corn]s ( ! eyes1 especially among "y *ildr54 ,!y are n above dome/ic animals2 cats & dogs frequ5tly suff] f !m1--n1 inde$1 ov] ! :ole surface ( ! body1 = !y are n s w&]+ z ! ,ac>i1--b p>ticul>ly inside ! %ell ( ! e>4 ,at ! fir/ glance y w\ld sc>cely believe t ^? r$ po9ts1 app>5tly immovable1 c\ld be liv+ be+s1--c\ld be animals belong+ to an ord] ( "s importance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u attempt to isolate "o ( ! animalcules ) ! po9t ( a p93 x is n an easy ?+ to d1 because !y usually adh]e to ! epid]mis 9 clu/]s ( ?ree or f\r individuals4 ,!re1 n[ we h succe$$1 & "h is "o be=e u3 x is only ! fif? ( a millimtre 9 diamet]1 :i* is1 = mo/ p1 ! v la/ limit ( ! visual function 7see ! small :ite l9e 9 ,fig4 #gf1 a74 ,&1 9 tru?1 x w\ld be imp]ceptible to ! eye b = its bright r$ col\r4 ,to /udy x c>efully1 ( c\rse1 y mu/ make use ( a v /rong l5s1 or1 r1 ( a microscope4 7,see ,fig4 #gf1 b47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4--;a ,leptus ,autumnalis 7nat4 size74 b ,ditto 7mag474 ,to ?is t9y animal has be5 giv5 ! "n ( ,leptus autumnalis2 ! fir/1 on acc\nt ( its extreme delicacy2 ! second1 because x is visible up to ! end ( autumn4 ,:5 exam9$ ?r\gh a microscope1 x produces on ! spectator ! impression ( a spid]2 b1 l all o!r insects1 x has only six legs4 ,our naturali/s1 h[ev]1 h f\nd "s difficulty 9 classify+ x2 & by way ( cutt+ ! ,gordian knot ( _! emb>rassm5ts1 "s h plac$ x 9 a sep>ate family ( ,microph?ir 7lit]ally little lice71 :i* is made to include all ,ara*nid ) six legs4 ,o!rs1 :o reg>d ! :eat worm z an insect1 rank x among ! p>asitical ,apt]4 ,9 effect1 x has all ! *>act]s ( ! p>asitical insect--its protract$ head1 di/9ct f ! re/ ( its body1 is sometimes ?ru/ =w>d 9 que/ ( its food1 sometimes drawn back or conceal$1 to protect x f dang]4 ,int5d$ to suck r ?an to knead or bruise1 x has a suck]1 b no m&ibles4 ,! head is )\t ant5n1 & its palpi are v %ort1 b>ely visible1 & ( a conical =m4 ,! body is ovul> & v s(t 7:5ce ! ,grecian "n leptus1 1 signify+ s(t74 ,! ant]ior "p1 correspond+ to ! ?orax1 is broad] ?an x is long1 & is m>k$ und]nea?1 on ea* side ( ! c5tral l9e1 by a black po9t3 ^! two po9ts1 symmetrically plac$1 appe> to repres5t ! eyes4 ,! po/]ior portion1 correspond+ to ! abdom51 is long] ?an x is broad1 & cov]$ ) hairs4 ,ea* leg consi/s ( six jo9ts1 easily di/+ui%$ by ! hairs ins]t$ at ea* articulation2 & ea* t]m9ates 9 a c\ple ( /rong crook$ claws1 :i* enable ! animal to obta9 a firm hold on ! sk94 99 99 99 99 99 ,?us1 !n1 to judge f ! aggregate ( its *>act]s1 ! h>ve/ bug1 ,leptus autumnalis1 belongs to ! class ,ara*nid1 :ile ! numb] ( its feet places x 9 ! class ,insects4 ,b ?is is a detail :i* causes little annoyance to a p]son be+ dev\r$ by ! r$ bea/s1 & only anxi\s to rid himself ( !m4 ,b if su* be 8 desire1 let me tell him t ! be/ rem$ies are ba?+ ! afflict$ "p ) lotions ( v9eg>1 or rubb+ x ) sulphur o9tm5t4 ,i h be5 ask$ :e!r c]ta9 t9y p>asites1 su* z ! ,ocypete rubra1--:i* is also r$1 & has six feet l ! ,leptus autumnalis1 b :i*1 in/ead ( attack+ man & 8 dome/ic companions1 atta*es itself to flies1--,i h be5 ask$ :e!r ^! insecti=m ,ara*nid may n be species ( l>va n yet arriv$ at _! matur$ condition4 ,= my "p1 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge t1 :e!r ! ,ocypete rubra is or is n ! transitory /ate ( a m p]fect animal1 ,i d n "k4 ,b ,i am sure t ! ,leptus autumnalis lives & dies on ! sk9 :]e x has select$ its dwell+-place1--a liv+ dwell+-place4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is impossible to be too circumspect 9 ! det]m9ation ( c]ta9 g5]a & species1 ^: diff]5t phases ( exi/5ce are little kn[n1 & :i* seem1 s f> z _! *>act]i/ics are conc]n$1 to p>ticipate ( sev]al ord]s or classes ( articulat$ animals4 ,! errors :i* h be5 committ$ 9 ?is respect ought at lea/ to tea* u caution4 ,?us1 ! r$1 oval1 six-legg$ animalcules1 ^: mobile heads are furni%$ ) a proboscis %ap$ l an angul> beak1 & ^: two palpi are l>ge & semi-transp>5t1--! s+ul> animalcules :i*1 9 ,june or ,july1 are hat*$ 9 ! spongy /ems ( c]ta9 aquatic vegetables1--notably ! ,potamogeton natans1--h be5 describ$#hc z =m+ a peculi> g5us ( ,ara*nid1 ! g5us ,a*lysia2 & ?is g5us1 creat$ by ,aud\91 0 rank$ along ) ! ,leptus & ,ocypete 9 ! family ( ,microph?ir4 ,yet no?+ is less exact4 ,^! ,a*lysia are simply ! l>v ( a k9d ( ,hydra*na or wat]-ac>us4 ,to be conv9c$ ( ?is1 y h b to wat* _! developm5t4 ,at fir/ v small & pe>-%ap$1 ^! l>v1 depriv$1 l all l>v1 ( ! reproductive organs1 rapidly increase 9 size4 ,at ! end ( a few weeks y w see !m adh]+ to a leaf ( potamogeton2 !y ?ru/ _! proboscis into ! /em1 & cl+ to x ) _! palpi4 ,little by little1 ! legs1 ! proboscis1 & ! palpi1 are drawn back t[>ds ! body1 ab&on+ ! sk9 :i* has hi!rto =m$ = ea* ( ^! organs a k9d ( horny %ea?4 ,f ! l>va /ate1 ! animal passes into t ( ! nymph4 ,b ?is nymph cont9ues to fe$ & enl>ge2 proboscis1 legs1 & palpi gr[ ?9n] & h>d]2 claws1 cili1 & hairs are develop$2 &1 f9ally1 ?r\gh a fissure 9 ! sk9 em]ges ! p]fect animal1 r$ z w9e1 ) eight feet1 & ab\t two millimetres 9 l5g?4 ,?is animal1 plac$ 9 ! family ( ! ,hydra*nell1 has be5 describ$ by ,de ,ge] "u ! "n ( ,ac>us aquaticus globosus1 & by ,dugs "u t ( ,hydra*na globosa1 on acc\nt ( its globul> =m4 ,,! ,,*eese ,,mite4 ,f ! cru/ ( a dry old *eese1--su* a k9d ( *eese z a bon-vivant likes ) a glass ( good old ale1--a v f9e p[d] (t5 crumbles (f1 l ! du/ made by wood-eat+ worms4 ,exam9e ?is p[d] ) y\r l5s1 or if y h good eyes1 y may make use ( !m4 ,y w quickly detect some?+ mov+ 9 x1 & by degrees y w see t ?is movem5t p]vades ! :ole mass2 t !re is a g5]al /ir & commotion 9 all directions4 ,b y f9d x impossible to di/+ui% cle>ly ! =m ( ! animals :i* are ?us agitat$4 ,y are c]ta91 h[ev]1 t !y are n maggots1 = !y affect moi/ *eeses2 besides1 !y are visible en\gh to ev]ybody1 & at ne$ c make !mselves felt ^u y\r h&s1 & ev5 ^u y\r face1 = !y h a faculty ( laun*+ !mselves to a di/ance by a little manuvre famili> en\gh to s]p5ts3 br++ ! head r\nd t[>ds ! tail1 !y curve !mselves l ! spr+ ( a wat*1 !n abruptly uncoil+ !mselves ) ! help ( "s solid appui1 !y fl+ =? into ! air1 & are ?us laun*$ to v consid]able di/ances4 ,x is a curi\s species ( locomotion1 n unwor?y ! att5tion ( ! me*anician4 ,to cle> up ! my/]y ( a movem5t ^: cause is n app>5t at ! fir/ glance1 let u spr9kle ) ?is impalpable dbris1--) ?is k9d ( sawdu/1 or *eese-du/1--a little /rip ( glass1 & place x b5ea? ! focus ( a microscope4 ,ah6 y exclaim1 :at a frightful creature6 ,^! long %>p cili seem to be s _m lancets cov]+ ! :ole body1 & especially ! legs2 its head1 l t ( ! h>ve/-bug1 protrudes & rec$es "u a transp>5t c>apace2 ?us communicat+ to ! animal some?+ ( ! aspect ( a turtle4 ,9 all o!r respects its =m exactly resembles ! h>ve/-bug2 only its body is m elongat$ t[>ds ! ant]ior extremity ?an t ( ! latt]4 ,:ile ! h>ve/-bug makes u ?9k ( a spid]1 ! body ( ! ,ac>us has a great] lik5ess to an insect's4 7,fig4 #gg47 ,yet ! ,ac>us has eight legs1 l a spid]1 & ! h>ve/-bug six1 l an insect4 ,attempt1 !n1 to e/abli% y\r absolute rules6 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4--,! ,ac>us dome/icus4 ,let u cont9ue our obs]vation ( ?is *eese-worm4 ,! well-def9$ ?orax =ms ne>ly "o-?ird ( ! =e-"p ( ! body1 :i* is ( a %9+ :iti%-r$ or r$di%-:ite4 ,! proboscis1 %ap$ l a conical tube1 is arm$ ) two project+ m&ibles1 :i*1 l true p9c]s1 c be br\ght close toge!r1 or mov$ wide ap>t1 ?ru/ =w>d s+ly or simultane\sly4 ,our animal1 :i* a small l5s makes v di/9ct1 has be5 m ?an once conf\nd$ ) ! ,s>coptes scabiei4 ,let u resume4 ,our *eese-du/1 :i* to all appe>ance walks alone1 encloses legions ( mites2 ! old y may detect by _! eight feet1 ! "y by hav+ six4 ,! g]ms1 or eggs1 :5ce !y spr+1 are f\nd mix$ among ! excrem5ts ( ! liv+1 & ! dbris ( ! dead4 ,x is 9 ?is way t a cru/ ( *eese (f]s u a true1 a vivid image ( ! t]re/rial cru/4 ,s may we le>n to comp>e small ?+s ) great4 ,,h[ ,,_m ,,animal ,,species ,,are ,,!re ,,di/ribut$ ,,ov] ,,! ,,surface ,,( ,,! ,,globe8 ,9 ! pres5t condition ( sci5tific k1 no satisfactory answ] c be giv5 to ?is important & mo/ int]e/+ "q4 ,! tru? is1 t :at we may call ,geographical ,zoology is z yet 9 its v infancy4 ,! few works :i* h be5 publi%$ on ! subject h be5 publi%$ )9 ! la/ eighty or n9ety ye>s2 & !y embrace only ! v]tebrate animals1 notably ! mammals1 birds1 & reptiles1 or amphibia4 ,we %all attempt to place be=e ! read] an outl9e ( ! results t h s f> be5 obta9$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( all ! ,v]tebrata1 we are be/ acqua9t$ ) ! mammals4 ,& yet our zoologi/s diff] v widely 9 respect to ! numb] ( _! species1 ?\gh ! calculations h be5 made at v %ort int]vals4 ,= in/ance1 9 #ahbi1 ,m9d+ comput$ t ! globe conta9$ #abcj species ( mammals4 ,9 #ahcb1 ,*>les ,bonap>te r$uc$ ! total to #aadi4 ,ok5 e/imates x at #aejj2 & ?is la/ figure w\ld seem to be ! mo/ probable4 ,no?+ is m curi\s ?an ! di/ribution ( ^! #aejj species ( mammals1 accord+ to ! diff]5t regions & climates ( ! globe4 ,man1 accord+ to ! be/-consid]$ data ( sci5ce1 =ms a s+le family1 a s+le g5us1 a s+le species4 ,he alone possesses ! p[] ( adapt+ himself to e climate1 & ( tak+ possession ( c\ntries ! mo/ widely opposite 9 "*4 ,we f9d him among ! sn[s ( ! ,nor? ,pole2 we f9d him "u ! blaz+ sun ( ! ,tropics4 ,we f9d him 9 ! palm-fr+$ isl&s ( ,s\!rn ,seas1 & 9 ! b>r5 burn+ wa/e ( ! inhospitable ,sah>a4 ,consid]$ z an animal :o fe$s & reproduces himself1 he =ms alone ! ord] ( ,bimana2 s nam$ 9 opposition to ! ,quadrumana1 or apes1 :o make use ( _! =e-feet z we d ( our two h&s4 ,deprive man ( 8 progressive & transmissible intellect--( ^? my/]i\s p[]s :i* we call ! m9d & ! s\l--& he w\ld become at once ! mo/ useless & ! mo/ wret*$ memb] ( ! animal _w4 ,! w>m regions ( ! old & new cont95ts are ! true home & haunt ( ! apes4 ,!y are n suffici5tly develop$ to be able to frequ5t ! temp]ate or frigid zone4 ,9 our ,european m5ag]ies ! specim5s ne>ly all die ( consumption4 ,! ,quadrumana =m ab\t "o-f\rte5? ( ! :ole numb] ( species ( ,mammalia4 ,! ,c>nivora1 *>act]is$ by ! developm5t ( _! can9e tee?1 are spread ov] ! :ole globe4 ,!y are f\nd 9 great] numb]s 9 ! torrid1 h[ev]1 ?an 9 ! frigid zone4 ,_! species compose at lea/ "o-?ird ( ! ,mammalia4 ,! ,rod5tia1 *>act]is$ by ! developm5t ( ! incisors1 are want+ 9 ,polynesia1 & are r>e 9 ,au/ralia4 ,!y are f\nd 9 _! maximum numb] 9 ! torrid zone4 ,l ! ,c>nivora1 !y =m ab\t "o-?ird ( ! ,mammalia4 ,! ,rum9antia1 rem>kable = ! developm5t ( _! dige/ive app>atus1 are di/ribut$ into #afe species1 repres5t+ some?+ less ?an "o-n9? ( ! ,mammalia4 ,africa1 ( all ! cont95ts1 is ri*e/ 9 ! ,rum9ants4 ,! ,m>supialia1 s /rangely di/+ui%$ by ! membran\s p\* 9 :i* !y enclose _! "y1 belong to ,am]ica1 & especially ,au/ralia4 ,at pres5t ab\t #abc species are kn[n1 or a little m ?an "o-?irte5? ( ! ,mammalia4 ,! ,ed5tata1 s nam$ on acc\nt ( _! incomplete d5tition1 inhabit ! tropical regions ( ! ,old & ,new ,_w4 ,!y are di/ribut$ into #cb species1 #ai ( :i* belong to ,am]ica4 ,! ,ed5tata1 !re=e1 d n =m m ?an "o-fiftie? ( ! ,mammalia4 ,! ,pa*yd]mata1 :i* owe _! "n to ! ?ickness ( _! sk9 or hide1 almo/ exclusively belong to ! ,old ,_w4 ,none are f\nd 9 ,au/ralia4 ,! numb] ( _! species is #ch1 ( :i* #e only belong to ,s\!rn & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,! ,pa*yd]ms =m1 !re=e1 ne>ly "o-?irty-sev5? ( ! ,mammalia4 ,! ,cetace1--:i* ! naturali/s ( antiquity rank$ among ! fi%es1 ?\gh ! females be> _! "y alive1 & are furni%$ ) a mamm>y app>atus1--*iefly frequ5t ! ,nor!rn wat]s1 b "s ( _! species are f\nd 9 ! ,s\? ,pacific4 ,!y repres5t1 x may be assum$1 ab\t a "o-hundr$? "p ( ! ,mammalia4 ,! ,birds1 by _! fea!r-clad bodies1 & by ! trans=mation ( _! two =e-limbs into w+s1 =m ! be/-*>act]is$ class 9 ! :ole animal k+dom4 ,b naturali/s c no m agree z to ! numb] ( _! species ?an z to ! numb] ( species compos+ ! ,mammalia4 ,"s1 tak+ z a f\ndation ! ri* orni?ological collection 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum1 all[ = #fjjj species be+ di/ribut$ ov] ! surface ( ! globe2 o!rs1 l ,less51 increase ! total to #fbff2 :ile ,dr ,gray1 no mean au?ority1 raises x to at lea/ #hjjj4 ,! majority ( ! ,raptores1 or birds ( prey 7vulture1 falcon1 eagle71 z well z ne>ly all ! ,wad]s 7/ork1 crane1 h]on71 & ,palmip$es 7duck1 goose1 wat]-h571 are cosmopolitan birds4 ,! o!r ord]s1 su* z ! ,scansores 7p>rot1 p>roquet1 magpie71 ! ,pass]es 7compris+ ne>ly all ! s++ birds71 & ! ,gall9ace 7pheasant1 p9tado71 pref]1 z a g5]al rule1 ! w>m temp]ate regions4 ,!y are n f\nd 9 ! extreme nor?1 nor 9 ! equatorial climes1 except 9 limit$ numb]s4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,! ,,mammalia4 ,assum$ total1 #afjj species4 ,bimana =m #a species4 ,quadrumana #aje 787 ,c>nivora #eaj 787 ,rod5tia #ejh 787 ,rum9antia #afe ,m>supialia #abc ,ed5tata #aeb ,pa*yd]mata #ch ,cetace #ah 787 ---- #afjj ,( c\rse1 ! =ego+ is b an approximative e/imate1 b x w provide ! read] ) a tol]ably accurate notion ( ! proportion borne by ! diff]5t classes ( ,mammalia4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ab\t #ejjj species ( birds h be5 classifi$4 ,by ,cuvi]'s sy/em !y are divid$ into six ord]s3-- #a4 ,raptores1 or birds ( prey4 #b4 ,pass]9e birds1 n[ g5]ally call$ ,insessores1 or ,p]*+-birds4 #c4 ,scansores1 or ,climb+1 frequ5tly call$ ,zygodactyli or ,zygodactyl\s birds4 #d4 ,gall9ace1 n[ m frequ5tly kn[n z ,rasores4 #e4 ,grallatores1 ,wad]s1 or ,/ilt birds4 #f4 ,palmip$es1 or ,web-foot$ birds1 n[ m g5]ally recognis$ z ,natatores1 or ,swimm]s4 ,x has be5 propos$ to sep>ate ! ,brevip5nes1 or %ort-w+$ birds1 f ! ,grallatores1 & erect !m into a sep>ate ord]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,reptiles1 ( :i* ! majority possess ! faculty ( liv+ ^u l& & 9 wat]1--:5ce _! "n ( ,amphibia1--nev] pass beyond ! limits ( w>m & temp]ate climates3 _! blood1 :i* has ! same temp]ature z ! m$ium :]e9 !y live--:5ce _! "n ( cold-blood$ animals--does n circulate :]e ! mean annual temp]ature desc5ds bel[ freez+-po9t4 ,yet frogs & salam&]s h be5 met ) 9 ,gre5l&1 & on ! banks ( ! ,mack5zie ,riv]1 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 "u #fg latitude4 99 99 99 99 99 ,l9nu 0 n acqua9t$ ) m ?an #bae species ( ,amphibia1 divid$ into f\r ord]s3--! ,*elonians1 or tortoises2 ! ,saurians 7z ! liz>d & crocodile72 ! ,ophidians 7s]p5ts72 & ! ,batra*ians 7frogs74 ,9 #aghi1 ,lacpde rais$ ! total to #cjc2 9 #ahbj1 ,m]rem e/imat$ x at #fgg4 ,at pres5t1 ! numb] ( species ( ,reptilia classifi$ & describ$ am\nts to #bjjj1 & ! f\r ord]s into :i* !y are di/ribut$ are-- #a4 ,ophidia1 or ,s]p5ts4 #b4 ,sauria1 or ,liz>ds4 #c4 ,loricata1 or ,crocodiles4 #d4 ,*elonia1 or ,tortoises4 ,accord+ to ,s*+1 !re are #g tortoises1 #cc s]p5ts1 & #ce liz>ds4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fi%es are ! lea/ kn[n ( ^? sup]ior animals ^: skeleton & v]tebral column are situat$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! body1 & :i* are !nce nam$ ,v]tebrata4 ,! ri*e/ collections1 su* z ^? ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 & ^? ( ! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 ,p>is1 :i* conta9 ab\t #cjjj species1 d n repres5t probably m ?an a f\r? ( ! exi/+ total1 includ+ fre%-wat] & salt-wat] fi%4 ,h[ _m riv]s & /reams 9 bo? hemisph]es /ill rema9 to be explor$6 ,h[ f> we are f a k ( ! fi%es :i* p ! diff]5t /rata ( ! great ocean4 ,agassiz divides ?is great class ( v]tebrat$ animals into ! f\r ord]s ( ,cycloid1 ,ct5oid1 ,placoid1 & ,ganoid1 accord+ to ! "* ( _! scales4 ,cuvi]1 into ,osse\s fi%es 7) true bones71 & ,c>tilag9\s2 subdivid+ ! =m] into ,acan?opt]ygii & ,malacopt]ygii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! difficulty ( ! problem we are "h consid]+ increases :5 we come to ! inf]ior animals4 ,:o w\ld pret5d to det]m9e ! numb] ( species ( ,mollusca :i* inhabit ! e>?1 ! fre% wat]s & ! salt8 ,?is mu* is c]ta91 t x _c be less ?an t ( ! ,v]tebrates4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! va/ aggregate ( ! ,articulata1 ! inquir] f9ds himself utt]ly a/ray & bewild]$4 ,?is great division is n divid$ into ^? :i* h1 & ^? :i* h n1 articulat$ memb]s4 ,! fir/ subdivision includes ,insects1 ,ara*nida1 ,cru/acea1 & ,myriapoda2 ! second1 ,annelida & ,entozoa4 ,"s naturali/s1 be x said1 rank ! ,cirrhopoda z int]m$iate betwe5 ! two2 o!rs place !m among ! ,mollusca4 ,o!rs1 aga91 include ! ,rotif]a 9 ! second subdivision4 ,we %all 9 ?is place conf9e our rem>ks to ! ,insects4 ,accord+ to ! mo/ di/+ui%$ entomologi/s1 ! av]age numb] ( species at pres5t1 describ$ or n describ$1 & pres]v$ 9 entomological collections1 is betwe5 #aej1jjj & #agj1jjj4 ,?is e/imate is obvi\sly bel[ ! tru?4 ,take only ! ,coleopt]a1 :i* =ms b "o1 ?\gh1 x is true1 ! mo/ num]\s ord] ( insects4 ,?irty ye>s ago ! mo/ complete collections conta9$ ab\t #gjjj species4 ,9 #ahej1 ! museum at ,b]l91 accord+ to ,alex&] von ,humboldt1 conta9$ ne>ly #cb1jjj4 ,we w\ld "h call ! read]'s att5tion to ! j rem>ks ( ! au?or ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,coleopt]a1 an entomologi/ ( great au?ority1 :om a long resid5ce 9 ,am]ica _h peculi>ly qualifi$ to pron\nce an op9ion on ! subject be=e u3-- ,if we rememb]1 says ! ,c\nt de ,ca/elnau1 t !re are imm5se regions 9 ,asia & ! two ,am]icas ( :i* we d n possess a s+le coleopt]a2 if we reflect t ! int]ior ( ! va/ cont95t ( ,new ,holl& is1 f ?is /&po9t1 entirely unkn[n1 & t mo/ ( ! ar*ipelagoes ( ! great ocean h nev] be5 entomologically explor$1 we may conclude1 )\t any fe> ( mi/ake1 t ! numb] ( exi/+ coleopt]as exce$s "o hundr$ ?\s&4 ,h[ev] frightful ?is numb] may appe>1 x w seem less s if we exam9e only ! species discov]$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,p>is1 )9 a radius ( twelve to fifte5 leagues2 & we d n hesitate to say1 t 9 a few ye>s ! ,p>isian fauna alone w pres5t mat]ial = a consid]able "w1 :i* %all n treat ( less ?an #cjjj to #djjj species ( ,coleopt]a4#hd 99 99 99 99 99 ,if we admit t ! o!r ord]s ( insects1 ! ,lepidopt]a1 ! ,hemipt]a1 ! ,hym5opt]a1 ! ,neuropt]a1 ! ,or?opt]a1 ! ,dipt]a1 ! ,/repsipt]a1 comprise1 tak5 altoge!r1 at lea/ ! same numb] ( species z ! ,coleopt]a alone1 we %all ga91 = ! class ( insects1 a total ( #bjj1jjj4 ,& we %all c]ta9ly keep )9 ! tru? if we assign ! same numb] ( species to ! ,annelida1 ! ,cru/acea1 ! ,ara*nida1 ! ,myriapoda1 & ! ,monomorpha1 to :i*1 ) "s modification1 we may apply ! rem>ks already call$ =? by ! ,coleopt]a4 ,let u recapitulate4 ,! f\r classes ( ,v]tebrate ,animals include approximatively3-- #a1fjj species ,mammals4 #e1jjj ,birds4 #b1jjj ,reptiles4 #ab1jjj ,fi%es4 ------ #bj1fjj ,if we add to ^! #bj1fjj species ( ,v]tebrate ,animals1 #bjj1jjj species ( ,articulata1 & #bb1jjj ,mollusca 7a m9imum71 we %all h a total ( #bdb1fjj4 ,b to complete ! gr& :ole ( be+s :o gr[1 & live1 & feel 7! def9ition ( animals laid d[n by ,l9nu71 we mu/ add ! ,inte/9al ,worms1 ! ,e*9od]mata1 ! ,acaleph 7or ,sea-nettles71 & ! ,polypes4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! s+ul> creatures1 :i* app>5tly =m ! transition betwe5 ! animal & vegetable k+dom1 & h !nce be5 designat$ ,zoophytes1 leaves mu*1 v mu*1 to be desir$ be=e x w be possible to indicate1 ev5 approximatively1 ! numb] ( _! species4 99 99 99 99 99 ,&1 f9ally1 :at %all we say ( ! ,infusoria8 ,^! microscopic =ms ( life seem1 by _! extreme multiplicity1 to animate all nature4 ,x is 9 /udy+ ^! t ! inquir] ne$s to be con/antly on 8 gu>d1 t he may n mi/ake transitory conditions--or l>v--= actual species1 & x behoves him to und]/& ?or\ghly ! difficult delimitation ( specific *>act]s4 ,x w\ld be f> easi] to asc]ta9 ! exact numb] ( human be+s :o at pres5t p ! t]re/rial surface1 ?an to fix ! total ( ! species ( ,infusoria n[ 9 exi/5ce2 assur$ly x exce$s #bej1jjj4 ,:at an inf9ite v>iety ( design is "h6 ,:at a picture x pres5ts ( ! inexhau/ibility ( ! ,creative ,m9d6 99 99 99 99 99 ,add1 !n1--let u say1 9 conclusion1--to ?is la/ great total ! aggregate ( ! ,v]tebrates1 ! ,articulates1 & ! ,molluscs1 & = our gr& :ole we h a m9imum ( half a million ( ,,animal ,,species6 ,?is is ! v figure1 obs]ve1 at :i* we arriv$ z repres5t+ ! l[e/ limit ( ! totality ( ,,vegetable ,,species1 liv+ & mov+1 fl\ri%+1 & dy+1 & reproduc+1 on ! surface ( ! globe4 ,we leave ! read] to m$itate--z m$itate he surely mu/--on ! sublime ?\ghts1 ! ov]p[]+ ideas ( ,p[] & ,wisdom :i* ^! consid]ations sugge/4 ,,:at ,,is ,,*lorophyll8 ,we are draw+ t[>ds ! close ( autumn2 we %all soon be 9 sight ( ! melan*oly days ( ! ye>2 :51 = a :ile1 ! voice ( ! turtle w cease 9 ! leafless groves1 & ! banks & braes w be sadly b>e ( _! floral g>niture4 ,z yet1 h[ev]1 ! trees reta9 _! glori\s ve/ure1 ?\gh /reak$ & v>i$ ) ! gorge\s col\rs ( decay2 & 9 ! %elt]$ corn]s ( ! woods1 on ! sunny s\!rn slope ( ! grassy hill1 & b5ea? ! cov]t ( ! /ill fragrant h$g][1 _m a blossom appeals to our s\ls ) its prompt+s ( sweet images & t5d] fancies4 ,! arum /ill raises its clu/]s ( deep-sc>let b]ries1 & spreads its spott$ leaf-- ,arm$ ) ke5 tortures = ! unw>y tongue2 ! blue-bells hang _! delicate cups among ! ?ick h]bage2 & ! wild m>igold contra/s its yell[ spl5d\r ) all ?is crimson & azure magnific5ce4 ,! daisy1 too1 has n =sak5 u--sweet %ield ( silv]1 emboss$ ) gold6--b bright5s /ill ! pleasant mead[ & ! slop+ bank4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4--;,z yet1 ! trees reta9 _! glori\s ve/ure4 ,! rose has b a summ] reign1 ,! daisy nev] dies2 & ?\gh x fir/ makes its appe>ance 9 ! m]ry spr+-"t1 & is truly a *ild ( ! e>ly ye>1 x l+]s on to become a preci\s ornam5t ( our scanty autumn wrea?s4 ,sweet fl[] ( song6--de>] to ! poet ?an ev5 lily or violet6--:o does n rememb]1 & rememb]+ feel1 all ! pa?os ( ! dy+ exclamation ( poor ,keats1--,i feel ! daisies already gr[+ ov] me6 ,!y height5 ! commone/ & *e] ! sadde/ corn]s ( ! e>?1 & are ev] ready1 9 _! simple lovel9ess1 to awak5 ?\ghts ( grateful t5d]ness & love-- ,s glad am ,i :5 9 ! daisy's pres5ce1 ,t ,i am fa9 to d x rev]5ce4 ,to :at d ! leaves1 n[ *ang+ _! hues s rapidly1 & v>y+ ?r\gh all ! t9ts ( purple1 br[n1 & yell[1--to :at d !y owe _! normal col\r1 ! fre%1 vivid1 beautiful gre58 ,to a sub/ance call$ *lorophyll--71 gre51 & 1 a leaf74 ,well1 :at is *lorophyll8 ,! col\r+ matt] ( plants1 :i*1 accompani$ by gra9s ( />*1 floats l v m9ute se$s 9 ! fluid ( _! cells4 ,9 "s respects x is analog\s to wax2 x w n dissolve 9 wat]1 b is easily affect$ by e!r or alcohol4 ,*lorophyll is dep5d5t ^u ! action ( light1 if n = its =mation1 at all ev5ts = its developm5t4 ,keep a plant 9 a d>k room or cell>1 & x w become blan*$ & sickly2 ! col\r+ matt] dries up1 & ! :ite1 wan tissue ( ! leaf is all t survives4 ,! m a plant is expos$ to ! light1 ! deep] w be its gre54 ,9 a %rubb]y y may notice t ! br[n leaves ( any p>ticul> ev]-gre5 or bu%1 if s situat$ z to lose ! direct action ( ! sun's rays1 w soon *ange col\r4 ,in/ead ( _! natural brightness ( t9t1 !y assume a sickly gre5i%-yell[ hue1 & are said to be suff]+ f *lorosis4 ,! =mation ( ! *lorophyll is ob/ruct$1 or takes place too sl[ly4 ,( c\rse1 ?is peculi> condition w frequ5tly arise f bad soil1 or a long cont9uance ( damp wea!r2 b x is also ! result ( a want ( light4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t "y leaves are always ( a light] gre5 ?an old2 simply because ! latt] h be5 expos$ = a long] "t to ! light4 ,& s ! leaf goes on deep5+ & deep5+ 9 col\r1 until ! sad days ( autumn come1 & ! gre5 gives way to yell[ & br[n & r$1 ow+ to ! influ5ce ( ! *ang+ season on ! *lorophyll ( ! plant4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is int]e/+ subject1--:i* des]ves to be m closely inve/igat$1--we may place be=e ! read] ! results ( c]ta9 rec5t exp]im5ts4#he ,,mm4 ,prillieux1 ,brongni>t1 & ,roze 7,comptes ,r5dus1 ,jan4 #c & #ag7 h made "s important obs]vations on ! app>5tly spontane\s movem5ts ( ! gra9s ( *lorophyll )9 ! leaves ( plants4 ,^! _h be5 obs]v$ by ,bhm to congregate "u ! direct action ( ! sun2 ,famitz91 confirm$ by ,borod9e1 _h also record$ v m>k$ movem5ts 9 ! leaves ( a moss "u ! influ5ce ( light4 ,?is class ( plants (f] great facilities = ^! obs]vations1 inasmu* z ! movem5ts c be obs]v$ 9 !m "u ! microscope )\t dissection4 ,m4 ,prillieux kept a moss 9 ! d>k = sev]al days1 :5 ! cells pres5t$ ! appe>ance ( a gre5 network1 betwe5 ! me%es ( :i* 0 a cle> transp>5t gr\nd4 ,all ! gra9s ( *lorophyll 7 appli$ to ! walls :i* sep>ate ! cells f "o ano!r2 !re 7 none on ! upp] or "u walls :i* =m ! surfaces ( ! leaf4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( light ! gra9s *ange _! position f ! lat]al to ! sup]ficial walls2 "u fav\rable circum/ances ?is *ange takes place 9 ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,on atta9+ _! new position1 ! gra9s d n rema9 absolutely immovable1 b cont9ually approa* & sep>ate f "o ano!r4 ,if aga9 d>k5$1 !y leave _! new position & return to ! lat]al walls4 ,artificial light produces ! same effect z daylight4 ,m4 ,brongni>t fur!r obs]v$ t ?is movem5t ( ! *lorophyll1 "u ! influ5ce ( light1 does n consi/ 9 ! *ange ( position ( isolat$ gra9s1 b ( masses ( network1 ea* conta9+ a c]ta9 numb] ( gra9s4 ,9 addition1 ,m4 ,e4 ,roze /ates t1 besides ! gra9s ( *lorophyll :i* coat ! walls ( ! cell1 ea* cell is l9$ ) a transp>5t muc\s plasma =m$ ( v f9e ?reads1 ! extremities ( :i* unite toge!r ! gra9s ( *lorophyll4 ,?is protoplasm exhibits1 "u a high magnify+ p[]1 a v sl[ motion1 & c>ries ! gra9s ( *lorophyll along ) x4 ,m4 ,roze believes1 !re=e1 t ! motion is a plasmic "o1 ! protoplasm be+ ! vital & animat+ "p ( ! cell4 ,,c>nations ,,& ,,p9ks4 ,among ! late/ fl[]s ( ! autumnal g>d5 are ^? old fav\rites1 ! ,july-fl[]s1 or ,c>nations1 :i*1 because !y 7 fair & sweet & m$ic9al1 ,j]emy ,taylor pref]r$ to ! prettie/ tulips1 t are good = no?+4 ,i rememb] a "t :5 !y 7 among ! be/-priz$ ornam5ts ( our p>t]res1 & v delici\s x 0 to inhale ! balmy brea? t rose into ! w>m air ( an autumn ev5+ f ri* masses ( c>nations & p9ks4 ,! c>nations 7 also call$--sub consule ,planco--9 ! m]ry days :5 ,i haunt$ ! gre5 lanes ( a pretty ,devon%ire village1 c>nations1 & clove ,july-fl[]s or gillifl[]s2 & an anci5t "n = ! p9k 0 t ( sops-9-w9e1 because !y 7 infus$ 9 ! w9e-cups ( our mu*-dr9k+ ance/ors4 ,s ,drayton says3-- ,br+ hi!r ! p9k & purple columb9e1 ,) gillifl[]s2 ,br+ coronations1 & sops-9-w9e1 ,worn ( p>am\rs4 ,! same poet alludes to !m "u _! m mod]n appellations3-- ,! brave c>nation1 !n1 ( sweet & sov]eign p[] 7,s ( 8 col\r call$1 al?\gh a ,july fl[]71 ,) ! o!r ( 8 k9d1 ! speckl$ & ! pale2-- ,!n ! odorif]\s p9k1 t s5ds =? su* a gale ,( sweetness1 yet 9 sc5ts z v>i\s z 9 sorts4 ,! sci5tific "n ( ?is beautiful family ( plants1 ^: ri* dyes are n less conspicu\s ?an _! ,saban od\rs1 is ,dian?us1 or ,fl[] ( ,god4 ,!y =m a g5us ( ! natural ord] ,c>ophyllace2 ! calyx is tubul>1 & five-too!d2 !re are five petals1 :i* at ! ?roat ( ! corolla are light5$ 7z x 77 into a l9e> claw4 ,! /am5s are d\ble ! numb] ( ! petals2 ! capsule is ( a cyl9drical outl9e1 & "o-cell$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4--,:5 ,i haunt$ ! gre5 lanes ( a ,devon%ire village4 ,i am q prep>$ to agree ) a sympa!tic writ] on fl[]s t1 dur+ summ]1 & f> into ! autumn mon?s1 ! greate/ beauty ( our g>d5s is ! v>i$ tribe ( ,c>nations1 :ile _! exquisite1 subtle1 yet pot5t aroma is n to be excell$1 ,i ?9k1 or1 at all ev5ts1 is n f> surpass$1 9 /r5g? & sweetness1 by ! mu*-laud$ rose4 ,a c>nation seems1 to my humble ta/e1 ! v embodim5t1 z x 71 ( ! fav\rite qualities s insi/$ ^u by ,mr ,mat!w ,arnold1 sweetness & light4 ,& ev5 9 w9t]1 :5 its radiant petals h disappe>$1 !re is some?+ graceful to ! eye 9 ! long sl5d] leaves ( ! p9k1 cov]$ ) _! sea-gre5 p[d]y bloom4 ,! two species commonly gr[n 9 g>d5s are1 ! g>d5 p9k 7,dian?us hort5sis7 & ! c>nation prop] 7,dian?us c>yophyllus72 bo? ( :i* are g5]ally ref]r$ to "o orig9al1 ! ca/le-p9k1 ,july-fl[]1 or clove-gillifl[]4 ,! c>nation1 z a g>d5 fl[]1 0 orig9ally br\ght into ,engl& f ,g]many1 :]e x has always be5 a fav\rite object ( cultivation4 ,!re are sev]al hundr$ v>ieties ( x1 :i* are arrang$ into ?ree pr9cipal divisions3 flakes1 :i* are div]sifi$ by broad /ripes ( two col\rs only2 biz>res1 :i* are ( sev]al col\rs1 & v irregul>ly /reak$2 & picotees 7f piquett1 spott$71 ^: fl[]s are bespr9kl$ ) diff]5t col\rs1 & _! petals fr+$ or s]rat$4 ,9 ,engl&1 ! native species ( p9k are five 9 numb]1 b !y are mo/ly r>e1 or1 :5 abundant1 are f\nd 9 v limit$ habitats4 ,! commone/ k9d is ! little ,dept=d ,p9k 7,dian?us ,arm]ia71 :i* sometimes gr[s 9 ?ick clu/]s among ! mead[ grass4 ,9 %ape1 its blossom resembles t ( ! g>d5 p9k2 9 size1 x is ab\t equal to t ( ! sweet william2 & its fl[]s gr[ 9 a v simil> mann]4 ,x is a sc5tless p9k1 h[ev]1 ) s]rat$ or not*$ petals1 & its rose-col\r$ petals curi\sly bespr9kl$ ) t9y spots ( :ite4 ,a v pretty species is ! ,maid5 ,p9k 7,dian?us deltoides71 :i* "s botani/s ?9k to h be5 ! orig9al ( our g>d5 fav\rite2 & a k9d des]v+ notice = its l>ge & fragrant fl[]s is ! ,dian?us sup]bus4 ,! maid5 p9k1 ,i %\ld add1 has delicate rose-col\r$ blossoms1 da9tily t\*$ ) silv]1 & a :ite eye encircl$ by a deep purple r+4 ,x is n unwor?y ( its fanciful & highly sugge/ive "n4 ,a r>e ,briti% v>iety is ! ,clu/]$ ,p9k1 or ,*ild+ ,p9k 7,dian?us prolif]71 :i* produces its fl[]s 9 pl5tiful clu/]s1 b is only all[$ a season's sun%9e4 ,! ,india or ,*9a ,p9k 7,dian?us *95sis7 is a native ( ,ea/]n ,asia1 b has n[ become a frequ5t d5iz5 9 our ,engli% g>d5s4 ,"o wild species1 ! ,m\nta9 ,p9k 7,dian?us csius71 x has nev] be5 my =tune to ga!r 9 its native home4 ,x is describ$ z a l>ge h&some fl[]1 & x loves to brea! ! difficult air ( ! l(ty m\nta9-top4 ,nev]1 we are told1 is x f\nd 9 pla9 or valley2 b x is "o ( ^? blossoms ^: beauty gladd5s ! m\nta9e]1 or bids ! travell] wond] t s lovely a fl[] %\ld be blu%+ on ! lone summit1 sc>cely accessible to 8 foot/ep2 or *e]+ a rock1 :]e only ! yell[ li*51 or ! v]dant or gray moss1 rem9ds him ( vegetation4 ,su* a sight might bid "o ?9k ( ! old motto1 :i* accompani$ a wild fl[]1 ',i tru/ only 9 ,heav54' ,h[ beautiful is x 9 its lonel9ess6 ,sc>ce an eye meets x b t ( ! t[]+ bird1 z he da%es ?r\gh ! air above x1 yet is x z full ( lu/re z ! fl[]s we daily see & admire4 ,surely x %\ld arre/ ! eye & ! ?\ghts ( ! travell] z c]ta9ly z w\ld a monum5t ( human skill on su* a spot4 ,l a lone ru91 x is a page ( /ory1 tell+ n only ( ! pa/1 b ! pres5t1 & rem9d+ u ( a ,be+ :o has re>$ x !re1 :]e x /&s a mem5to ( p[] & goodness4 ,?anks to ! human he>t by :i* we live1 ,?anks to its t5d]ness1 its joys & fe>s1 ,to me ! meane/ fl[] t bl[s c give ,?\ghts t d (t5 lie too deep = te>s4 --,,wordswor?4 ,( great] int]e/1 h[ev]1 because a native species1 & m easily atta9$1 is ! ,ca/le ,p9k1 to :i* brief ref]5ce has already be5 made4 ,its p]fume is l t ( preci\s spices1 & aft] a %[] ( ra91 ! air1 = "s di/ance1 is actually int]p5etrat$ ) x4 ,z its "n indicates1 x loves to gr[ ^u ! %att]$ walls ( ,*iefless ca/les brea?+ /]n f>ewells2 & x may be f\nd1 unless swept away by b>b>\s improvem5ts1 adorn+ ! gray old masonry ( ,s&[n ,ca/le1 & on ru9s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,norwi*4 ,on ! walls ( ,ro*e/]'s /ately keep x gr[s at a height :i* defies ! spoil]'s h&2 & on ! "t-worn ru9s ( an anci5t m9/]1 x %9es1 9 ! summ]-noon1 ) a flu% ( fl[]s4 ,x blossoms 9 ,july1 & !re are n1 x is said1 m ?an half-a-doz5 spots 9 ,engl& :]e x may be f\nd wild4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4--,on ! "t-worn ru9s ( an anci5t m9/]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ?is da9ty & beautiful tribe belongs t common b h&some & mo/ fragrant fl[]1 ! ,be>d$ ,p9k or ,sweet ,william 7,dian?us b>batus71--a native ( c5tral ,europe & s\!rn ,france1 ) long lanceolate leaves1 be>d$ petals1 ornam5tal bracts1 & d5se clu/]s or tufts ( crimson or rose-col\r$ blossoms4 ,x has long be5 a fav\rite ) ! cottag]1 = x is s h>dy t x w gr[ 9 any soil1 & w fl\ri% ev5 9 ! odd corn] kn[n z ! *ildr5's g>d54 ,its popul> "n1 long1 long ago1 0 ,london tuftes2 & x owes its specific appellation ( b>batus1 or be>d$1 to ! nature ( its calyx4 ,t qua9te/ ( qua9t old botani/s1 delightful ,g]>de1 lavi%es encomiums ^u its beauty1 & pron\nces x meet to deck up ! bosoms ( ! beautiful1 & g>l&s & cr[ns = pleasure4 ,i suspect t n[-a-days x seldom figures 9 a posy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to ! same ord] z ! ,dian?i--t is1 to ! ,c>yophyllace--belong _m wild fl[]s ( l[ly gr[? b ab\nd+ int]e/2 z1 = example1 ! corn-cockle1 ^: lilac-col\r$ petals1 so>+ conspicu\sly among ! tall wav+ corn1 h procur$ = x ! "r royal appellation ( ,agro/emma1 or ! cr[n ( ! field4 ,s1 too1 ! num]\s species ( campion & cat*fly 7,sil5e71 ) _! s+ul> exp&$ calices2 & ^? h&some fl[]s1 ! :ite & rosy ly*nises1 :i* love to air _! *>ms by ! side ( runn+ wat]s4 ,! cottony d[n ^u ^! plants 0 wont to be mu* us$ = ! wicks ( lamps4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!n1 too1 ! :ole tribe ( *ickwe$s are includ$ 9 ! ,c>yophyllace4 ,!y are spr+ fl[]s1 ) pe>ly :ite blossoms1 five-petall$1 l a five-ray$ />1 & long sl5d] droop+ leaves4 ,_! resemblance to a /> has sugge/$ _! sci5tific "n1 ,/ell>ia2 & !y are truly ! />s ( ! e>?1 gli/]+ among ! ?ick h]bage ) a mode/ beauty4 ,! ,/ell>ia m$ia supplies our song-birds ) an abundant & a :olesome provision4 ,a h&some wild plant ( ?is ord] is ! ,soapwort 7,sapon>ia (fic9alis74 ,x is common 9 ,k5t1 & "s ( ! neighb\r+ %ires1 b 9 _m p>ts ( ,engl& is nev] se54 ,its full clu/] ( rose-hu$ blossoms is r l>g]1 & m loosely set toge!r1 ?an ^? ( ! sweet william2 :i*1 h[ev]1 x mu* resembles 9 its leaves1 ^! be+ opposite to ea* o!r1 & ne>ly %ea?+ or surr\nd+ ! /alk at _! bases4 ,! juice ( ! soapwort1 says ,miss ,pratt1 is "o ( ^? vegetable sub/ances :i*1 by mak+ a la!r ) wat]1 w cleanse l951 & remove grease z effectually z soap4 ,x gr[s m g5]ally 9 ! neighb\rhood ( villages ?an 9 any o!r situation1 z if provid5ce _h plac$ x !re especially = ! s]vice ( ! cottag]2 yet x is v little us$1 ei!r f ignorance ( its prop]ties1 or because x w\ld require "s cultivation to r5d] x suffici5tly pl5tiful = h\sehold purposes4 ,x ne$s ! addition ( a%es to make x a good soap = wa%+ l952 b x is ( mu* s]vice to ! %eph]ds on ! ,alps1 :o wa% _! flocks1 previ\sly to %e>+ !m1 ) soapsuds made by boil+ ?is plant 9 wat]4 ,! l>ge fruit ( ! horse-*e/nut has simil> cleans+ prop]ties1 & may be us$ by cutt+ x into small pieces1 or scrap+ x into wat]4 ,x has ev5 be5 sugge/$ t if ! nuts 7 r$uc$ to p[d]1 & made into balls1 ) "s unctu\s sub/ance1 !y w\ld answ] all ! purposes ( our manufactur$ soap2 & yet numb]s ( poor p see ^! nuts ly+ decay+ 9 _! neighb\rhood1 & h no idea ( mak+ !m ( any s]vice4 ,on ! ,cont95t1 h[ev]1 ! peasantry are wis]1 & n only provide !mselves ) *e/nuts = soap1 b ga!r ! bee*-leaves to /uff _! mattresses4 ,return+ to ! ,c>yophyllace1 we may add t "s ( ! plants ( ?is ord] h poison\s qualities1 :i* are due to ! pr9ciple call$ sapon9e exi/+ 9 _m ( ! species ( ,sapon>ia1 ,sil5e1 ,ly*nis1 & ,dian?us4 ,accord+ to ,l9dley1 ! ord] includes no less ?an #ec g5]a1 & #ajee species4 ,!y inhabit *iefly temp]ate & cold regions1 & are rank$ 9 ?ree sub-ord]s1--,als9e1 ,sil5e1 & ,mollug9e4 ,,! ,,eglant9e ,,& ,,! ,,convolvulus4 ,:at plant d our poets mean by ! eglant9e8 ,:at by ! woodb9e8 ,are !y "o & ! same1 or are !y diff]5t8 ,we _c answ] ^? que/ions until we h ref]r$ to ?ree or f\r passages 9 :i* !y are introduc$4 ,&1 fir/1 let u take an example f ,sp5s]3-- ,& ov] him1 art /riv+ to comp>e ,) nature1 did an arb\r gre5 dispread1 ,framd ( wanton ivy1 fl[]+ fair1 ,?r\gh :i* ! fragrant eglant9e did spread ,8 prick+ arms1 entrail$ ) roses r$1 ,:i* da9ty od\rs r\nd ab\t !m ?rew1 ,& all )9 ) fl[]s 0 g>ni%d1 ,t :5 wild ,zephyrus among/ !m blew1 ,did brea! out b\nte\s smells1 & pa9t$ col\rs %ew4 ,& n[ f ,milton3-- ,?r\gh ! sweetbri>1 or ! v9e1 ,or ! twi/$ eglant9e4 ,! foll[+ is f ,sir ,walt] ,scott3-- ,on ! hill ,let ! :ite hea?-bell fl\ri% /ill1 ,*]i% ! tulip1 prune ! v9e1 ,b freely let ! woodb9e tw9e1 ,& leave untrimm$ ! eglant9e4 ,f ,burns3-- ,! woodb9e ,i w pu' :5 ! ev5+ /> is ne>1 ,& ! diamond draps ( dew %all be h] e5 sae cle>4 ,f ,mi*ael ,drayton3-- ,! azur$ h>ebell next ) !m !y neatly mixt3 ,t' allay ^: lusci\s smell !y woodb9e plac$ betwixt 444 ,! columb9e among/ !y sp>+ly d set1 ,& n[ & !n among1 ( eglant9e a spray4 ,& la/ly1 f ,%akespe>e3-- ,& leaf ( eglant9e1 :om n to sl&]1 ,out-sweet5$ n ?y brea?4 ,!re is evid5tly "s confusion "h1 & ! eglant9e ( "o poet is n ! eglant9e ( ano!r4 ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 we take x1 is ?9k+ ( ! wild clematis or virg9's b[]1 :5 he wi%es ! eglant9e to rema9 untrimm$4 ,& ,milton und\bt$ly ref]s to ! honeysuckle1 :i*1 twi/+ r\nd ! framework ( a cottage-por*1 tempts ! neighb\r+ bees to rifle its calyxes ( _! honey$ sweets4 ,b ! true eglant9e ( our e>li] poets seems to h be5 ! prickly sweetbri>1 =m]ly call$ ,rosa eglant9a2 n[ kn[n z ,rosa rubig9osa4 ,no plant is ( great] value = a g>d5 h$ge1 ow+ to ! delici\s fragrance exhal$ n only by its fl[]s b by its leaves4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! lu% woodb9e1 :i* s (t5 f9ds hon\rable m5tion 9 our poets1 is none o!r ?an ! honeysuckle1 ! twi/$ eglant9e ( ,milton4 ,its botanical "n is ,caprifolium4 ,! eglant9e & ! woodb9e1 !re=e1 ?\gh occasionally conf\nd$ by c>eless writ]s1 are two entirely di/9ct plants2 ! =m] be+ ! sweetbri> ( mod]n g>d5s1 & ! latt] ! honeysuckle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4--,our leafy h$g][s4 ,x has be5 ju/ly said by a writ] 7:om we h already quot$71 t ( all ! fl[]s :i*1 t[>ds ! end ( summ] & ! beg9n+ ( autumn1 adorn our pa/oral sc5]y1 fill+ ! air ) fragrance1 & ! e>? ) beauty1 none are m g5]ally attractive ?an ! wild climb+ plants ( our leafy h$g][s4 ,by int]lac+ _! delicate b\ghs1 cov]$ ) foliage & fl[]s1--or ) b]ries bright & sp>kl+1--or1 z 9 ! wild clematis1 cr[n$ ) ! lighte/1 fea!ry se$s1--!y w9d ab\t ! trees & bu%es 9 fe/oons & wrea?s ( ! utmo/ elegance1--& contribute 9 no slight degree to ! aspect ( ri*ness & beauty :i* ! l&scape exhibits at ?is "t ( ! ye>4 ,z _! /ems are s sl5d] & delicate t !y w\ld be cru%$ by ! bur!n ( _! fl[]y clu/]s & num]\s leaves1 or r5t & uproot$ by ! w9d1 unless !y f\nd support f o!r plants1 we see !m hang+ by _! t5drils1 or by _! pliant arms1 ab\t ! trunks ( ag$ trees1--! ance/ral elms1 or ^? gre5-rob$ s5ators ( mighty woods1 tall oaks1--l a frail maid5 to ! /urdy arm ( "s /rong-%\ld]$ bro!r1 or1 x may be1 ( "s "o ne>] & de>] /ill4 ,9 ref]5ce to ^? climb+ plants1 "o curi\s circum/ance des]ves to be not$4 ,"s ( !m foll[ ! sun's app>5t c\rse1 t is1 f ea/ to we/1--& always tw9e ar\nd ! /em :i* supports !m 9 ! direction ( left to "r4 ,su* is ! case ) ! common black briony1 s common 9 our woods & groves4 ,o!rs inv>iably tw9e contr>y to ! sun1 or f "r to left2 z is ! case ) ! convolvulus1 or l>ge :ite b9dwe$4 ,?is s+ul> t5d5cy1 be x obs]v$1 is always con/ant 9 ea* individual ( ! species1 & if y endeav\r to tra9 "o ( ^! plants 9 a diff]5t direction1 y w infallibly kill x4 ,! convolvulus w n gr[ f left to "r1 & ! black briony w n gr[ f "r to left4 ,cr$e exp]to4 ,! convolvulus1 or :ite b9dwe$ 7,convolvulus sepium1 or ,caly/egia sepium71 is "o ( ! mo/ elegant1 ?\gh "o ( ! commone/ climb+ plants :i* fe/oon our will[s1 or creep ov] our grassy banks1 or w9d 9 & ab\t our h$ges4 ,its l>ge :ite bells1 :i* ! c\ntry p unpoetically call old m5's nightcaps1 are rem>kable = _! purity ( hue & exquisite beauty ( outl9e2 & ! leaves1 :i* are he>t-%ap$1 equally claim our admiration4 ,l ! p9k field-convolvulus 7,convolvulus arv5sis71 or ! rosy-hu$ seaside b9dwe$ 7,caly/egia soldanella71 x is v t5aci\s ( life1 & if x once secures a foot+1 is eradicat$ ) difficulty4 ,h5ce x is de>] to ! poet & arti/ ?an to ! f>m] & g>d5]1 ea* ( :om pursues x ) a det]m9$ ho/ility4 ,! ,convolvulace =m a di/9ct family or ord]1 conta9+ =ty-five g5]a1 & upw>ds ( sev5 hundr$ species4 ,!y are f\nd 9 temp]ate & tropical c\ntries2 & include ! dodd]1 sweet potato1 scammony1 spoma1 & ! jalap plant4 ,,metamorphosis4--,a ,,physico-,,philosophical ,,m$itation4#hf ,if we are to und]/& by ! t]m metamorphosis simply a *ange1 x is evid5t t ev]ybody und]goes metamorphosis1 is *ang$ or trans=m$2 no?+ is1 all becomes4 ,! wat] :i* fl[s on = ev]1 b nev] twice wa%es ! same pebbly b$1 w af=d u an apt image ( ?is p]petual to become4 ,b ev5 ! said pebbly b$1 l ! h>de/ rock1 l ! seem+ly ev]la/+ granite1 mu/ & does *ange4 ,! compact1 *ry/all9e1 azoic rock1 )\t a trace ( life 9 its d5se mass1 w\ld ev5tually decompose if con/antly assail$ & affect$ by ! mov+ waves ( t gase\s ocean ^: b$ is =m$ by ! t]re/rial cru/4 ,if ! rock is f\nd cov]$ by m or less /ratifi$ lay]s1 its pres5ce 9 ! bosom ( ! e>? w atte/ to pass+ g5]ations ! primordial inc&esc5ce ( our planet at "s epo* :5 life z yet 0 n1--:5 ! liquid elem5t1 hurl$ f> away into space "u ! =m ( vap\r1 exhibit$ ! aspect ( a be>d$ meteor1 or a comet1 ) blaz+ nucleus & inc&esc5t tail4 ,_m ! *anges :i* s9ce t di/ant epo* h tak5 place ^u ! e>?1 & _m m mu/ occur be=e our planet ceases to contribute its /ra9 to ! gr& h>mony ( ! sph]es4 ,our _w w end z surely z x once _h a beg9n+3 its duration1 ?\gh x be comput$ by hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s1 is no?+1 w be no?+1 comp>$ ) t ( ! revolution ( yond] sun1 circl+1 ) its wondr\s tra9 ( planets1 ar\nd "s my/]i\s c5tre z yet unkn[n4 ,& 9 ?is p]iod1 hi!rto incalculable1 :at *ances ( p]turbation w necess>ily arise8 ,let u suppose t ! c5tre ar\nd :i* oscillates1 on ! "o "p1 ! moon :ile draw+ ne> & rec$+ f ! e>?2 on ! o!r1 ! e>? :ile draw+ ne> & rec$+ f ! sun3 let u suppose t ^! c5tres oscillate 9 ! same mann] ar\nd o!r c5tres z yet undet]m9$1--& ?is hypo!sis is v rational1 s9ce x is bas$ on ! pr9ciple t ev]y?+ moves or *anges1--x may happ5 t 9 ^! p]iodical oscillations1 "o or m ( ! circulat+ masses w ev5tually fall into _! focus ( attraction1 or w />t s widely a/ray t ! :eelwork ( our _w1 ! v>i\s p>ts ( our planet>y sy/em1 w sep>ate1--n to be annihilat$1 = no?+ 9 ! univ]se c be annihilat$1--b to be metamorphos$1 & gr\p !mselves else:]e 9 a diff]5t ord]4#hg ,x is ?us t 9 *emi/ry1 :i* ,i w\ld call ! a/ronomy ( atoms1 x is %[n t bodies are only s f> decompos$ z to admit ( _! recomb9ation 9 new =ms2 ! end ( "o is ! beg9n+ ( ano!r4 ,n[1 t :i* is true ( ! sy/ems ( ! elem5t>y bodies compos+ t]re/rial matt]1 is1 9 all probability1 true also--:y %\ld x n be8--( ! sy/ems ( ! cele/ial bodies4 ,diff]5ces ( magnitude1 ( space1 & ( "t1 :i* ov]:elm our feeble imag9ations1 vani% be=e ! unity ( plan ( ! ,creator's ?\ght4 ,a cry/all9e molecule1 :i* w n affect ! f9e/ balance1 is a _w1 ) an equator & poles ( its own1 & its c5tral atom r\nd :i* atomic satellites gravitate4 ,:e!r ^! atoms are inf9itely small or inf9itely great1 :e!r ! "t ( _! revolutions is measur$ by ?\s&?s ( a second or by myriads ( ye>s1 is ( little importance s f> z _! gravitation 7pond]ation1 or pois+7 is conc]n$4 ,= ?is pond]ation is absolutely id5tical1 :e!r we call x aff9ity1--:5 speak+ ( ! atomic movem5ts ( *emically decomposable matt]2 or gravitation or attraction1 :5 ref]r+ to ^? atoms ( ! great :ole :i* we call />s1 & ^: metamorphic scale is f> beyond ! range ( be+s plant$ on ! surface ( "o ( ! /ell> atoms4 ,h[ev] pr(\nd may be ! rese>*es ( our a/ronom]s1 !y w nev] atta9 to a k ( ! metamorphoses ( worlds4 ,! spectacle ( cele/ial sph]es ris+ anew f _! a%es1 l ! ,arabian bird ( fable1 w be z impossible = !m z ! k ( ! decompositions & recompositions ( our mat]ial bodies w\ld be = *emi/s1 plant$ on ! surface ( an atom ( c>bon4 ,h[1 f su* a /&po9t1 c\ld !y contemplate ! manifold =ms ( matt]1 & embrace at a glance all its *anges8444 ,well1 we are relatively z p[]less z ^! imag9>y d5iz5s ( an atom ( matt]1 root$ z we are to ! cru/ ( a planet1--a molecule susp5d$ 9 ! et]nal ocean4 ,:at %all we n[ say ( ! =ms & movem5ts ( liv+ matt]8 ,9 ! fir/ place1 t !y are inf9itely m v>i$ & m *angeful ?an ^? ( inanimate nature4 ,next1 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 _! metamorphoses is v wide4 ,! eye c foll[ ! trans=mations ( a rock expos$ to ! decompos+ action ( ! ag5ts :i* surr\nd u on e side4 ,?is action is calculable1 & ! elem5ts :i* x has dissociat$ may be det]m9$ & weigh$4 ,! effects ( ! =ce1 call$ ei!r aff9ity or attraction1 :i* ma9ta9s ^! elem5ts unit$1 are n beyond ! range ( our obs]vation2 tables ( aff9ity1 & ( atomic weights1 h be5 con/ruct$1 :i* enable ! *emi/ to dom9ate ov] matt]1 j z ! a/ronom] embraces ! />s1 ! atoms ( ! _w1 by ! law ( univ]sal gravitation4 ,b no soon] is matt] int]p5etrat$ by t my/]i\s =ce :i* we call life1 ?an our mo/ pot5t means ( inve/igation sudd5ly cease to be effici5t4 ,und\bt$ly1 y may analyse ! se$ be=e y s[ x1 & ?us may asc]ta9 t x consi/s ( c>bon1 hydrog51 oxyg51 & azote4 ,b ) ! same elem5ts attempt to recompose y\r se$1 us+ exactly ! same proportions z ^? y discov]$ 9 x2 & if y ?9k t y\r syn!sis has be5 successful1 ensure t y\r gra91 once confid$ to ! e>?1 %all become a focus ( div]s movem5ts1 giv+ bir? bel[ to ! ramifications ( ! root1 t]m9at$ by ! spongioles1--above1 to ! ramifications ( ! /em1 g>ni%$ ) leaves1 fl[]s1 & fruits2 f9ally1 ensure t ?is aggregate ( organs1 multiply+ millions ( times ! weight & volume ( ! se$1 %all always & exactly reproduce ! same type or ! same species4 ,if1 ) y\r app>atus1--if1 ) ! means at ! disposal ( humanity1--y %\ld succe$ 9 a*iev+ all ^! m>vels ( nature2 !n p]haps y might settle ! great problem ( :at life is1--:e!r an indep5d5t =ce1 or a simple modification ( an univ]sal =ce1 ( :i* heat1 light1 electricity1 & magnetism1 w be b diff]5t modes ( manife/ation4 ,& yet1 ev5 9 su* a case1 y mu/ n boa/ too l\dly ( y\r p[]2 = y w f9d x necess>y to turn & return ! t]m y h arriv$ at1 9 e direction2 nor w x furni% y ) ! relation or ! cause ( ! =midable progression ^: alpha & omega1 ^: beg9n+ & end1 escape u s absolutely4 ,:5ce1 9 all its int]m9able metamorphoses1 :5ce comes life8 ,:i!r goes x8 ,7 our _w to p]i%1 its ru9s w\ld n cease1 9 _! app>5tly disord]$ movem5ts1 to obey ! law ( univ]sal gravitation3 !y w\ld s gr\p !mselves z to =m o!r worlds1 resembl+ ! sy/em ( :i* !y 7 ant]iorly ! framework4 ,b ?is =ce 9 no wise tells y :y1 :51 & h[ life w make its appe>ance on ^! sph]oids ( revolution1 :i*1 9 _! /ate ( pond]ation1 are attract$ 9 ! direct ratio ( _! masses & 9 ! inv]se ratio ( ! squ>e ( _! di/ances4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is is n all4 ,man ju/ly plumes himself on hav+ arriv$1 by a process ( exp]im5t1 at ! foll[+ irrefragable axiom3 t ! matt] :i* s]ves = ! movem5ts ( life r5ews itself1 :ile ! m\ld or =m rema9s4 ,y may ev5 affirm1 )\t appe>+ too adv5tur\s1 t ! innum]able :irl+ globules :i* ent] into ! composition ( ! human blood are s _m microscopical individuals1 ea* ) its own prop] life1--inf9itesimal =ms :i* are born1 & move to & fro1 & disappe>1 & are r5ew$1 )\t ! individual--^: aggregate !y p]=m--hav+ any consci\sness ( all ?is activity4 ,?us x is t ! collective integral be+ :i* we call humanity1 lives & is develop$ ?r\gh ! removal ( ! individuals compos+ x1--ephem]al creatures1 ea* ( :om ?9ks himself a god6 ,mu/ we /op !re8 ,t w\ld be to decl>e humanity ! la/ t]m ( a progression ^: comm5cem5t & end1 accord+ to our own ackn[l$gm5t1 completely escape u3 x w\ld be at once a contradiction & a flagrant violation ( ! great law ( inf9ite cont9uity :i* reigns ev]y:]e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to suppose t beyond humanity !re is only no?+ness1 w\ld be to enunciate an hypo!sis z pu]ile z t :i* pret5d$ ! e>? 0 n only ! c5tre ( our sy/em1 b ! sole inhabit$ or inhabitable po9t 9 ! imm5sity ( space1 & t ! />s ( ! firmam5t 7 creat$ = ! s]vice & pleasure ( mortals4 ,suppose t ?is absurd belief 7 true2 ( :at use1 ,i ask y1 w\ld be all our agitations1 all our flutt]+s1 all our conceptions1 all our conque/s1 all our glories1 all our memories1 :5 ! end ( ! _w w\ld sweep away & annihilate our race8 ,x 0 well wor? ! tr\ble1 truly1 ( be+ born1 ( liv+1 & ( suff]+1 to t]m9ate1 aft] all1 9 s +lori\s a fa%ion6444 ,adh]e to y\r hypo!sis1 mat]iali/1 if y h ! c\rage2 surely1 no man ( s5se c accept x6 99 99 99 99 99 ,let u n[ resume ! ?read ( our m$itations4 ,! end ( our sy/em has come at la/3 ! sun1 ! planets1 & _! satellites =m b "o *aotic igne\s mass1--a brilliant fugitive lum9>y1 new-born to ! inhabitants ( worlds :i* h escap$ intact4 ,! du/ ( our ext+ui%$ _w w n be scatt]$ hap-haz>d2 ! molecules ( matt]1 indissolubly l9k$ toge!r by univ]sal gravitation1 w s arrange !mselves z to con/itute a new1 & p]haps a m p]fect _w4 ,b 9 ! con/itution ( ?is new _w1 balanc$ l ! old1 our human bones1 our a%es unit$ ) ^? ( our ance/ors1 may h1 z f> z !y are matt]1 _! due %>e4 ,z = ! ,?\ght :i* makes ! true p[] ( humanity1 :i* gives to man all 8 value1--,?\ght1 p]fectible & transmissible1--x w contribute no?+1 because x is absolutely impond]able & impassible4 ,w x !n be lo/ = ev]8 ,if ! _w is to la/ = ev]1 y may ju/ly reg>d z immortal ! indef9ite transmission ( ,?\ght1 & ! p]petuity ( ! memory ( c]ta9 great m54 ,b w all ?is avail1 if ! _w mu/ p]i%8 ,! _w w nev] end1 y say2 x is et]nal4 ,b h[ d y "k ?is8 ,if x has _h a beg9n+1 z geology & a/ronomy prove1#ij x w also h an end4 ,?is end1 h[ev]1 w n be an annihilation2 x w simply be1 z we h already po9t$ out1 a trans=mation ( matt]4 ,z = ! problems1 :e!r nature itself 0 creat$1 & :e!r x is et]nal1 let u leave !m to ! discussion ( heat$ !oricians1 :o are too bl9d to p]ceive t "s que/ions x is wise/ nei!r to affirm nor d5y1 b to "k h[ to ignore4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! error1 !n1 :i* we h be5 consid]+1 de/roys itself ?r\gh its consequ5ces4 ,let u admit1 9 effect1 t our _w--su* z x is1 j z x is--w la/ = ev]4 ,9 t case :at becomes ( ! p[] & travail ( humanity8 ,all !y h accompli%$ are "s slight *anges ( ! t]re/rial cru/1 b>ely suffici5t1 "h & !re1 to modify ! influ5ces ( climate4 ,a limit$ numb] ( m5 lab\r1 x is true1 = ! progress & full developm5t ( transmissible ?\ght4 ,b ev5 suppos+ t1 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies1 humanity succe$s 9 compreh5d+1 x c only gr[ ?r\gh ! developm5t ( ! faculties ( all its memb]s1 & ! due balance ( all ! social =ces by means ( lib]ty4 ,suppos+ t reason1 unit$ to sci5ce & consci5ce1 %\ld f9ally comb9e 9 "o family ! v>i\s tribes & peoples scatt]$ ov] ! e>?'s broad surface2 d y indulge y\rself 9 ! hope ( cross+ ! limits ( ! human organization1 & e/abli%+ ! royalty ( man ?r\gh ! int]pretation & imitation ( ,nature8 ,d y *]i% ! idea ( p5etrat+1 ?r\gh ! p]fect union ( all y\r intellectual =ces1 ! my/]ies ( creation8 ,no2 y w\ld nev] d>e to =m su* a hope1 to n\ri% su* an idea1 at lea/ unless y felt t ! e>? 7:i* y mu/ fir/ demon/rate7 compreh5ds 9 itself ! :ole univ]se1 t ! humanity sw>m+ on its surface is et]nal1 t e o!r creature is absolutely subord9ate to x3 9 a ^w1 t ,man is all6 ,b we "k h[ limit$ is human p[]4 ,we are n ma/]s ev5 ( ! me*anism ( ! body2 ! movem5ts ( organic life are indep5d5t ( our w2 we c nei!r comm& ! /oma*1 ! lungs1 nor ! he>t3 t m>vell\s process ( absorption & elim9ation1 t p]petual movem5t hi!r or ?i!r :i* con/itutes ! ess5ce ( ! assimilative function1 goes on 9 u--z 9 all liv+ be+s1 animal or vegetable--completely outside our sph]e ( activity4 ,!n1 )\t quitt+ our planet1 h[ num]\s are ! movem5ts :i* /ill escape ! human w6 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is q diff]5t :5 we lift up our eyes to exam9e ! face ( heav54 ,we h no grasp :atev] ( ! incomm5surable spiraloids ( innum]able worlds to :i* our own belongs2 we h no means ( communicat+ ) ! inhabitants ( o!r planets2 we _c e/abli% any int]*ange ( ?\ght ) ! m5 7if !re be any7 ( ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn1--:o =m1 p]haps1 l ! m5 ( ! e>?1 ! mo/ elevat$ circle ( mat]ial life1 v>y+ "u an inf9ity ( =ms ^u ea* ( _! float+ domiciles4444 ,i see y smil+1 read]1 because y d n believe t ^! o!r e>?s--satellites ( ! sun1 l our own--are inhabit$ by be+s analag\s to our human race4 ,y are at lib]ty n to believe x4 ,b !n1 to be 9 agreem5t ) y\rselves1 y ought to decl>e 9 fav\r ( ! ,sci5ce ( ! ,pa/1 ?\gh demon/rat$ to be false1 aga9/ ! ,sci5ce ( ! ,pres5t4 ,w y d s8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,b !n1 ( two ?+s1 "o3 ei!r y w be oblig$ to make ! e>? an unique exception1 a k9d ( mon/rosity 9 ! mid/ ( ! o!r me*anism ( ! univ]se1 :i* w be to ?r[ y\rself back ^u ! errone\s sci5ce ( ! anci5ts2 or y mu/ p]=ce admit t ! e>? is n specially privileg$1 & t ! o!r planets1 its companions1 h also _! human inhabitants4 99 99 99 99 99 ,is ?is all8 ,alas1 all ?is is no?+6 ,! o!r worlds ^: suns appe> to u "u ! =m ( sc9tillat+ po9ts or />s1 w1 und\bt$ly1 9 l mann]1 possess _! sy/ems ( planets & satellites4 ,:y %\ld !y div>icate f ! g5]al plan ( ! univ]se8 ,n[1 multiply ! numb] ( ! />s--:o has c\nt$ !m8--) ! probable numb] ( _! planets1 & y w ga91 if ?is be p]mitt$ y1 ! numb] ( humanities :o p yond] />-s[n space4 ,& x is n only ) ^! we mu/ be able to correspond1 b ) ! humanities ( all ! nebul ( all ! firmam5ts--= rememb] our />ry heav5 itself is b a nebula--t we mu/ e/abli% an int]*ange ( ideas1 if y w\ld h y\r p[]1 & civilisation1 & intellectual royalty1 some?+ m ?an a m]e optical illusion ( y\r pride4 99 99 99 99 99 ,y d n cease to proclaim z an axiom t !re are no abrupt int]vals 9 ,nature2 t ,nature nev] v5tures ^u sudd5 leaps or b\nds 79 natura non datur saltus71 & yet y w\ld make an exception = ! _w ( ?\ght--a _w :i* no m lies outside ! laws ( nature ?an does ! physical _w4 ,! =m] ought ev5 to secure our pref]5ce2 x is !re only t we are free1 t we c become true creators1 by creat+ = ourselves our own happ9ess2 t we c gr[ great be=e our own eyes1 by foll[+1 n ! tyrann\s w ( ! brute1 b ! t5d] voice ( ! angel2 by li/5+ to consci5ce--t pure & infallible c\nsellor--consci5ce1 ! f\ndation ( all ju/ice1 ! lat5t =ce ( g5]ations pass+ away & com+1 ! univ]sal gravitation ( our species z ( all ! ultra-t]re/rial humanities4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b h[ c ! humanities1 ) :i* we suppose ! univ]se to be peopl$1--h[ c !y communicate ) "o ano!r8 ,! law ( attraction compreh5ds n only ! cele/ial bodies1 b also _! int]vals1 ! int]sid]eal spaces4 ,d ^! spaces pres5t a void to ! ?9k+ be+s :o probably p ! />s8 ,ev]y?+1 =ce & matt]1 te/ifies to an entire unity ( plan or ?\ght1 & ! m9d :i* is p[]ful en\gh to rise above all ! attractions & influ5ces ( ! body1 ! m9d :i*1 by its cont9u\s lab\r1 alone r5d]s life & man ( any importance1 ! m9d once deta*$ f ! animal nature :i* x drags beh9d x l a prison] to ! *>iot ( 8 conqu]or1 %all x be inf]ior to in]t matt]8 %all x be less ?an a %ip )\t its compass8 ,cont9u\s "h1 %all t cont9uity be else:]e brok5 up8 ,surely ?is is impossible4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b h[ are we to recognise ?is cont9uity ( ess5ce 9 a _s :i*1 l man's1 appe>s unavoidably fix$1 l a p>asite1 to ! surface ( a planet8 ,"h lies ! :ole difficulty ( ! "q2 a "q all ! m p]plex+ because1 9 ! se>* aft] sci5tific tru?1 ! m9d walks surely & /eadily1 except :5 re/+ ^u ! s5ses1--:i* are ! backbone1 s to speak1 ( ! exp]im5tal me?od4 ,answ]s1 inde$1 are n want+1 = ea* religion has its own4 ,e cre$ attempts to solve ! problem4 ,b !n1 fai? is requir$ to accept ! answ] or solution1 & alas6 fai? is n implant$ 9 e s\l4 ,x is useless1 !re=e1 to wi% t x might be ! gift ( ^? :o1 to ! au?ority ( tradition & long-e/abli%$ dogmas1 pref] ! lib]ty ( discussion & ! axioms ( sci5ce4 ,are our bigots actually aw>e ( :at !y d :5 !y seek to compel into _! circle ( belief ^? m9ds :i* t5d to escape f x at a tang5t8 ,we ass]t t 9 s do+ !y are guilty ( an act ( iniquity1 ( a v]itable blasphemy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s explanation is necess>y "h4 ,y believe1 we hope1 9 ! maje/y1 p[]1 wisdom1 & m]cy ( ,god1 9 ! revelations ,he has v\*saf$ to man1 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,^! are great problems1 h[ev]2 ! greate/ problems a mortal c v5ture to discuss4 ,already ,i see ! bigot fr[n+2 he pr(esses to be %ock$ by ! ^w problem1 he w\ld fa9 sub/itute = x t ( c]ta9ty or tru?4 ,well1 ?r\gh fai? we accept !m z tru?s2 b1 metaphysically speak+1 !y may be reg>d$ z problems :i* ! ,all-wise has submitt$ to man's e>ne/ consid]ation4 ,9 fact1 ! ,god 9 :om y & we believe1 9 :om y & we put all our tru/1 has surr\nd$ !m ) some?+ ( unc]ta9ty1 has inve/$ !m ) s mu* ( d\btfulness z may te/ our fai?4 ,yes1 9 do+ s1 ,he has _h a purpose to fulfil4 ,let u ?9k ( a geometrician--& an anci5t writ] said t ,god1 by creat+ ! _w1 creat$ geometry--= ! sake ( ex]cis+ ! m9ds ( 8 pupils1 8 *ildr51 giv+ !m a problem to be solv$4 ,if at ! same "t1 he plac$ be=e !m ! solution1 he w\ld assur$ly fail 9 8 object4 ,no means w\ld rema9 ( di/+ui%+ ! capable f ! incapable1 ! /udi\s f ! indiff]5t1 ! idl] f ! work]1 if !y all f\nd ! "q answ]$ be=eh&6 ,true1 if ! problem is too difficult1 if ! solution lies beyond ! faculties ( ^? :om he wi%es to te/ & put to ! pro(1 ! ma/] w n fail to furni% !m ) all ! elem5ts necess>y = _! guidance1 :e!r !y consid] x f )\t1 or :e!r !y consid] x ) ! help ( _! own inn] consci\sness4 ,b sci5ce & consci5ce /& 9 ne$ ( an equally difficult task2 ! fir/1 t x may le>n to obs]ve cle>ly1 ! latt] t x may le>n to act purely4 ,& x is "h1 above all1 t ! two-fold nature ( man becomes a p]plexity & a /umbl+-block4 ,on ! "o h&1 man creates !ories1 9 ord] to disemb>rass himself ( ! sci5ce :i* calls = ! ex]cise ( p[]ful & labori\s obs]vation2 on ! o!r1 he creates dogmas1 :i* he hopes may lull to sleep t ev] active1 ev] re/less consci5ce1 :i* dem&s f]tile & b5eficial actions1 & rejects b>r5 or deceitful phrases4 ,x is true t to _m m9ds ! discussion ( ! que/ions at :i* we h h9t$ seems a sorry "w1 because ! "t giv5 = _! discussion is necess>ily s limit$4 ,:at is life8 !y say4 ,:at c be effect$ 9 s %ort an int]val8 ,:at c man hope to accompli% 9 ! few %ort ye>s t int]v5e betwe5 manhood1 :5 ! m9d is mature1 & old age1 :5 ! intellect gr[s enfeebl$8 ,^! are ! m5 :o e*o ! old poet's m\rnful cry3--#ia ,a good t nev] satisfies ! m9d1 ,a beauty fad+ l ! ,april fl[]s1 ,a sweet ) floods ( gall t runs comb9$1 ,a pleasure pass+ ere 9 ?\ght made ours1 ,an hon\r t m fickle is ?an w9d1 ,a glory at op9ion's fr[n t l[]s1 ,a treasury :i* bankrupt ,"t dev\rs1 ,a k ?an grave ignorance m bl9d1 ,a va9 delight our equals to comm&1 ,a /yle ( greatness 9 effect a dream1 ,a swell+ ?\ght ( hold+ sea & l&1 ,a s]vile lot1 deck$ ) a pomp\s "n2 ,are ! /range ends we toil = "h bel[1 ,till wise/ dea? make u our urns "k4 ,b ! poet1 :ile tak+ ?is despond5t view ( life1 =gets--n only t x is an opportunity1 b--t x is ! fir/ /age ( an et]nal exi/5ce1 & t ! progress begun n[ %all be cont9u$ h]eaft]1 :5 ! m9d1 fre$ f its mat]ial clogs1 %all ent] ^u ! full fruition ( its wondr\s p[]s4 ,& h[ev] brief x may be1 is x n bett] x %\ld be devot$ to noble "w ?an to ignoble idl5ess8 ,is x n bett] to use x z a "t ( prep>ation ?an to wa/e x 9 empty pleasures8 ,to ! despair+ wail ( ! poet j quot$ we w\ld oppose1 z f> wor?i] ( a gallant _s1 ,b5 ,jonson's admirable conclusions3-- ,x is n gr[+ l a tree ,9 bulk1 do? make m5 bett] be2 ,or /&+ long an oak1 ?ree hundr$ ye>1 ,to fall a log at la/1 dry1 bald1 & s]e4 ,a lily ( a day ,is fair] f> 9 ,may1 ,al?\gh x fall & die t night2 ,x 0 ! plant & fl[] ( light4 ,9 small proportions we j beauties see1 ,& 9 %ort measure life may p]fect be4 ,?is is ! true philosophy2 to make our life z p]fect z our faculties w p]mit1 & to look ^u x z ! introduction to a gr&] life1 :]e ! problems "h discuss$ %all f9d a satisfactory solution4 ,oh = ! "t :5 9 our s]aph w+s ,we veil our br[s be=e ! ,et]nal ,?rone-- ,! day :51 dr9k+ k at its spr+s1 ,we "k z we are kn[n4 ,let u bew>e1 h[ev]1 :5 we devote our life to ! pursuit ( wisdom1 t we d n make a false />t4 ,d n let u div]ge into ! n>r[ way ( bigotry & dogma4 ,x is ! prop]ty ( exclusive & intol]ant error to dom9ate & to reign alone4 ,= ?is reason we sy/ematically refuse & reject all control2 & x is ?us m5 h be5 fatally l$ to lay a ra% h& ^u intellectual lib]ty1--lib]ty1 :i* ! ,all-wise ,himself has refra9$ f t\*+6 ,su* is ! e>ly ta9t ( our race1 ! moral situation ( humanity4 ,b retribution has foll[$ close ^u ?is violation ( all t is mo/ sacr$ 9 our human _w4 ,! s*ools ( philosophy1 & ! infallible cre$s1 f\nd$ ^u au?ority to ! exclusion ( all m5tal & spiritual fre$om1 h nev] ceas$ to be at w> ) "o ano!r1 & in/ead ( lab\r+ = t union :i* is /r5g?1--t union s necess>y to ! happ9ess & advancem5t ( humanity1--!y h ev]y:]e s[n irreconcilable antipa?ies & bloody discords4 ,su* is ! religion ( ^? :o1 "u a pret5ce ( wor%ipp+ ,god1 wor%ip only !mselves6 ,hi/ory af=ds u abundant illu/rations ( ?is melan*oly tru?4 ,f9ally1 let u return to our metamorphosis4 ,! butt]fly1 :i* ! ,greeks designat$ by ! same ^w z ! s\l1 1 spr+s1 l e liv+ creature1 f an egg4 ,b see :at a trans=mation ?is egg und]goes6 ,x becomes a cat]pill>--a transitory =m ( animal life1 rem>kable = its voracity2 ?is cat]pill> is 9 its turn trans=m$2 x gr[s into a *rysalis1--a tempor>y tomb1 & :5ce issues ! w+$ insect1 alone adapt$ to ! dis*>ge ( all ! functions ( a p]fect animal4 ,glutton\s & gre$y ( enjoym5t1 ! cat]pill> liv$ = itself4 ,s ! cat]pill> has no sex2 :ile ! butt]fly hov]s f fl[] to fl[]1 has to seek !re9 its own n\ri%m5t1 !re to f9d ! companion ) :om its be+ is to be unit$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is metamorphosis impresses ! obs]v]2 pr9cipally because its p]iods are s di/9ct1 & are s pla9ly m>k$ by /ages1 :i* h all ! appe>ance ( v]itable species4 ,b he w\ld greatly err if he ?\ght x conf9$ to a c]ta9 class ( insects4 ,all insects1--nay1 m1 all animals1 includ+ man himself1--und]go c]ta9 trans=mations 9 ! c\rse ( _! lives4 ,metamorphosis plays an important "p 9 ! unity ( ! g5]al s*eme ( ,creative ,?\ght4 ,if x is n always recognis$1 ! reason is1 t its phases are n boldly m>k$1 t ! p]iods bl5d into "o ano!r1 t ! v>i\s /ages are effac$ 9 ! cont9u\sness ( ! trans=mation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b let n ?is cont9uity prev5t ! obs]v] f detect+ or disc]n+ 9 t :i* is1 t :i* is to come4 ,9 ! cat]pill> he mu/ le>n to see ! *rysalis2 9 ! *rysalis he mu/ be ready to recognise ! future butt]fly4 ,& 9 all ^! *anges ! ?\ghtful m9d may ackn[l$ge a significant emblem ( t immortality ( ! s\l1 t f9al trans=mation ( humanity1 :i* ! ,^w ( ,god has promis$ to u3-- ,*ild ( ! sun6 pursue ?y raptur\s flight1 ,m+l+ ) h] ?\ lov'/ 9 fields ( light2 ,&1 :]e ! fields ( ,p>adise unfold1 ,quaff fragrant nect>s f _! cups ( gold4 ,!re %all ?y w+s1 ri* z an ev5+ sky1 ,exp& & %ut ) sil5t ec/asy6 ,yet w]t ?\ once a worm1 a ?+ t crept ,on ! b>e e>?1 !n wr\ght a tomb & slept4 ,& su* is man2 soon f 8 cell ( clay ,to bur/ a s]aph 9 ! blaze ( day4#ib ,to assure ourselves by obs]vation t1 9 liv+ matt]1 !re are organs irrevocably de/9$ to decay or disappe>1 :ile o!rs incl9e & gr[ t[>ds p]fection1 is c]ta9ly "o ( ! noble/ /udies imag9able4 ,if philosoph]s1 in/ead ( employ+ _! "t 9 pr(itless speculations1 devot$ !mselves to ! exam9ation ( ! great ,book ( ,nature1 ,god's second revelation1 !y w\ld long ago h discov]$ :at !y are /ill seek+4 ,& we %\ld n[ "k h[ to di/+ui%1 9 man z 9 ! insect1 ! rudim5t>y condition ( 8 future life2 & ! belief 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l w\ld n only be ! cre$ ( ! ,*ri/ian1 b a sci5tific tru?4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #gh3 ,ref]5ce is "h invit$ to ,humboldt's !rmal & iso!rmal l9es4 ,see ,dr ,a4 ,k4 ,john/on's ,physical ,atlas1 & ,humboldt's ,kosmos4 ,footnote #gi3 ,sir ,j4 ,h]s*el1 ,prelim9>y ,disc\rse on ! ,/udy ( ,natural ,philosophy4 ,footnote #hj3 ,pr(essor ,balf\r's ,manual ( ,botany1 pp4 #eff-efh4 ,footnote #ha3 ,pl9y1 ,hi/4 ,nat41 xxii4 #df4 ,footnote #hb3 ,m>tial1 ,epigram41 i4 #ba4 ,footnote #hc3 ,annales des ,sci5ces ,naturelles1 i4 #ah4 ,footnote #hd3 ,c\nt de ,ca/elnau1 ,hi/oire ,naturelle des ,coloptres1 i4 #g4 ,footnote #he3 ,z record$1 9 a cond5s$ =m1 9 ,! ,academy 7,feb4 #ab1 #ahgj71 pp4 #aca1 #acb4 ,footnote #hf3 ,?is section is translat$ f ,m4 ,hoef]1 )\t addition or alt]ation4 ,footnote #hg3 ,f ^! sl[ movem5ts1 :i* h be5 designat$ ! secul> inequalities1 we might ) "s probability inf] ! end ( ! _w1 :i* ev5 ,newton reg>d$ z c]ta91--at lea/1 unless ! ,great ,ar*itect at times ret\*$ ,8 "w4 ,! inequalities or secul> v>iations affect ! elem5ts ( ! orbits1 su* z ! incl9ation ( ! plane ( ! orbit1--! semi-major axis ( ! ellipse1 or ! mean di/ance ( ! planet f ! sun1--! ecc5tricity ( ! ellipse1 or ! relation betwe5 ! di/ance :i* sep>ates ! =ces f ! c5tre & ! semi-major axis assum$ to be unity1--& ! movem5ts ( ! p]ihelions & ! nodes4 ,^! elem5ts *ange ) extreme sl[ness4 ,?us1 ! incl9ation ( ,jupit] dim9i%es by #h 9 a c5tury2 & t ( ,saturn increases by #i2 b ! v ecliptic v>ies1--x dim9i%es #cc 9 a c5tury4 ,! v>iations ( ! ecc5tricities are sc>cely computable by c5turies2 _! effect is1 t ! ellipses ins5sibly approa* or rec$e f a circul> =m4 ,x is demon/rat$ by ma!matical analysis t ^! v>iations are p]iodical1 & conf9$ )9 n>r[ limits1 9 su* wise t ! planet>y sy/em c oscillate only r\nd a c]ta9 mean1 f :i* x nev] dep>ts except by a v small quantity4 ,b may n ?is v mean1 :i* we h tak5 to be con/ant1 oscillate r\nd a m di/ant & /ill m con/ant mean8 ,obs]vation _h long ago detect$ a cont9ual accel]ation 9 ! movem5t ( ,jupit]1 & a n less c]ta9 dim9ution 9 ! movem5t ( ,saturn4 ,n[1 to say ( a /> t its velocity augm5ts1 is to decl>e t x draws ne>] its c5tre ( movem5t4 ,to say t its velocity decreases1 is to affirm t x is retir+ f t c5tre4 ,x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 t ,jupit]1#hh ! greate/ ( our planets1 is de/9$ to be swall[$ up1 or absorb$1 9 ! inc&esc5t mass ( ! ,sun1 :ile ,saturn1#hi ) its belt & eight satellites1 w gradually w&] fur!r & fur!r into ! my/]i\s inf9ity ( space4 ,x is true en\gh t ^! cata/rophes are v di/ant1--di/ant to a p]iod ( "t :i* ! human imag9ation _c ev5 grasp1--& ! common h]d w c]ta9ly feel no anxi\s appreh5sion ab\t an ev5t :i* w n take place until myriads ( ye>s h elaps$4 ,yet1 9 ! la/ c5tury1 ! "q excit$ ! curiosity ( c]ta9 sci5tific societies1 & !y direct$ ! att5tion ( ! geomet]s to ^! =midable p]turbations4 ,eul] & ,lagrange sp5t _! ke5 intellects ^u !m to no pr(it4 ,laplace discov]$ t betwe5 ! mean velocities ( ,jupit] & ,saturn ! ratios are simple1 & capable ( calculation2 five times ! velocity ( ,saturn p]ceptibly equals t5 times ! velocity ( ,jupit]4 ,^! t]ms1 :i*1 9 ! regul>ly-decreas+ & indef9ite s]ies1 might h be5 neglect$1 h acquir$ a value :i* 0 wor?y ( be+ tak5 into consid]ation4 ,f !nce result1 9 ! movem5ts ( ! two planets1 ^? p]turbations ^: complete developm5t necessitates a p]iod ( upw>ds ( n9e hundr$ ye>s4444 ,?is w be1 !n1 ano!r p]iodic inequality4 ,b1 indep5d5tly ( ! c5tres1 :i* we suppose to be 9 !mselves v>iable1 may !re n exi/1 9 ! space trav]s$ by our planet1 "s cause ( p]turbation8 ,is our sy/em s isolat$ 9 ! univ]se t x nei!r receives nor loses aught ( t :i* con/itutes its =ce & matt]8 ,is !re no solid>ity betwe5 its diff]5t worlds8 ,& if ?is solid>ity exi/s1 is n _! trans=mation a necessity8 ,footnote #hh3 ,! equatorial diamet] ( ,jupit] 9 ,engli% miles is #ef1jfe2 its d5sity is #bd ( ! ,e>?'s2 its di/ance f ! sun1 #did1bgj1jjj miles2 incl9ation ( its orbit to ! ecliptic1 #a #ah' #ea4 ,footnote #hi3 ,! equatorial diamet] ( ,saturn 9 ,engli% miles is #gi1adg2 its d5sity1 #ab1 ! ,e>? #a2 its di/ance f ! sun1 #ijf1bjj1jjj miles2 & ! incl9ation ( its orbit to ! ecliptic1 #b #bi' #cf4 ,footnote #ij3 ,our au?or1 x mu/ be und]/ood1 is consid]+ ^! que/ions ap>t f ! ,scriptural /&po9t4 ,footnote #ia3 ,william ,drummond4 ,footnote #ib3 ,samuel ,rog]s4 ,,app5dix4 ,,app5dix4 ,,! ,,sol> ,,eclipse ,,( #ahgj4 ,! total ,sol> ,eclipse1 :i* is to r5d] fam\s ! mon? ( ,decemb] 9 ! pres5t ye>--fam\s1 t is1 9 a/ronomical annals--des]ves1 we ?9k1 "s special notice 9 our pages4 ,9 #ahfj1 ! ,himalaya 0 fitt$ out by ,gov]nm5t = ! use ( ! savants desir\s ( obs]v+ ! ,sol> ,eclipse visible t ye> 9 ,spa91 & ! results ( ! exp$ition 7 s important z fully to w>rant ! lib]ality ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! eclipse ( ! pres5t ye> w also be visible 9 ,spa91 b ! pa? ( ! sun's %ad[ w pass z f> nor? z ,cape ,sp>tel1 &1 cross+ ,alg]ia1 w g nor?w>ds1 via ,sicily1 & 9 ! direction ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,! totality ( ! eclipse w n la/ s long z t ( ! ,indian eclipse 9 #ahfh4 ,! sun w be hidd5 f sight = no long] p]iod ?an ab\t two m9utes twelve seconds1 & :atev] obs]vations our a/ronom]s are anxi\s to make mu/ be made 9 t brief int]val4 ,x may n unreasonably be sugge/$ t1 9 s %ort a "t1 no data c be asc]ta9$ wor? ! co/ & tr\ble ! propos$ exp$ition w necessitate2 b ! read] requires to be in=m$ t ! mo/ valuable acquisitions lately won 9 ! region ( sol> physics h be5 ! result ( obs]vations :i* may almo/ be describ$ z mom5t>y4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! important po9t on :i* our a/ronom]s hope to ga9 in=mation f a close exam9ation ( ! approa*+ eclipse8 ,?is "q has be5 ably answ]$ by a well-in=m$ writ] 9 ! ,daily ,news4 ,! great problem to be solv$ is t ( ! /range appe>ance ( ! sol> corona2 ( t glory ( light :i* r+s r\nd ! great lum9>y :5 totally eclips$1 to x1 z "s a/ronom]s ass]t1 a purely optical ph5om5on1 or1 z o!rs m reasonably decl>e1 "o ( ! mo/ impos+ ( all ! features ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,x is true t ! =m] op9ion is held by su* m5 z ,faye1 ,locky]1 & ,pr(essor ,airy2 b if x be f\nd$ on fact1 ! ph5om5on loses all its importance1 & ne>ly all its int]e/4 ,if ! o!r op9ion prove correct1 & ! corona is discov]$ to be 9 reality an app5dage ( ! orb ( day1 !n ! m9d mu/ at once ackn[l$ge its unsurpass$ spl5d\r1 its magnific5t proportions4 ,z its gl[ & e!real radiancy (t5 ext5ds sev]al degrees f ! eclips$ sun1 its diamet] _c be less ?an #b1hjj1jjj miles4 ,assume1 !n1 t x is %ap$ l a globe1 t x is ! globul> envelope 7s to speak7 ( ! sun1 & we may conclude t its out] b\nd>y w\ld at mo/ enclose a volume tw5ty-sev5 times z l>ge z ! sun's1 or1 9 o!r words1 tw5ty-sev5 million times l>g] ?an our t]re/rial _w4 ,x is 9 ref]5ce to ?is magnific5t ph5om5on t we hope to obta9 "s satisfactory in=mation 9 ,decemb] #ahgj4 ,! results asc]ta9$ f ! eclipse ( #ahfh prov$ to be almo/ directly contradictory to ^? obta9$ la/ ye> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! problem n[ is1 to discov] :y ^! results 7 contradictory4 ,9 ! meantime1--obs]ves ! writ] already quot$1--"s a/ronom]s say t ! obs]vations already made suffice to %[ ! real nature ( ! sol> corona4 ,x has frequ5tly happ5$ t1 ) ! means ( solv+ a problem ready at _! h&s1 a/ronom]s h be5 cont5t r to wait till new obs]vations remov$ _! d\bts1 ?an to und]take ! "w ( c>efully analys+ ! facts already discov]$4 ,x is urg$ t ! atmosph]ic explanation 7,faye's & ,locky]'s7 is oppos$ by simple optical consid]ations2 t ! blackness ( ! moon's disc1 9 ! v he>t ( ! corona1 af=ds ! mo/ unmi/akable evid5ce t ! moon lies ne>] to u ?an ! corona4 ,! sol> gl>e :i*1 accord+ to ,faye's !ory1 illum9ates our atmosph]e1 ought1 accord+ to ?is view--& ord9>y reason]s w ?9k ?is argum5t irrefragable--to cov] ! lun> disc z well z ! surr\nd+ heav5s4 ,x is also argu$1 v =cibly1 t ! active atmosph]e above ! horizon ( ! obs]v] is p>tially obscur$ dur+ total eclipse1 :ile all t "p ly+ 9 ! direction 9 :i* ! corona is se5 is :olly %ield$ f ! direct rays ( ! sun1 & _c1 !re=e1 furni% ! atmosph]ic gl>e on :i* ,m4 ,faye relies4 ,m4 ,faye's !ory is p[]fully combat$ 9 a pap] read by ,mr ,proctor be=e ! ,royal ,a/ronomical ,society1 & a summ>y ( :i* appe>$ 9 ,nature4#ic ,he rem>k$ t if we 9 reality possess suffici5t evid5ce to det]m9e :e!r ! corona is or is n a sol> app5dage1 x w\ld be un=tunate =1 & 9 "s s5se a discr$it to sci5ce1 if ! preci\s seconds available = obs]v]s 9 ,decemb] next 7 wa/$ ^u obs]vations direct$ to su* a po9t det]m9able be=eh&4 ,he proce$$ to express 8 belief t ! corona 0 no t]re/rial ph5om5on1 argu+ t ! v blackness ( ! moon z comp>$ ) ! corona 7to :i* we h already ref]r$71 %[s t ! coronal spl5d\r is beh9d ! moon4 ,9 fact1 ! moon is project$ on ! corona z on a backgr\nd2 :]eas1 if ! light be due to atmosph]ic gl>e1 ! corona ought to be a =egr\nd4 ,?is argum5t1 h[ev]1 may fail on ! gr\nd ( its v simplicity4 ,mr ,proctor1 !re=e1 proce$$ to inquire :e!r air :i* lies betwe5 ! obs]v] & ! corona is really illum9at$4 ,he po9t$ out t all r\nd ! sun1 = _m degrees1 p]fect d>kness %\ld prevail if ! illum9ation ( ! atmosph]e by direct sol> light 7 9 "q4 ,z to ! atmosph]ic gl>e caus$ by ! col\r$ flames & prom95ces ( ! sun's disc1 x mu/ be comp>atively small1 be>+ no high] proportion to ! actual light ( ! atmosph]e ?an ord9>y atmosph]ic gl>e be>s to actual sunlight1--a v small proportion inde$4 ,b a fatal objection to ! !ory t ! corona is due ei!r to ! gl>e f ! prom95ces or to light reflect$ f ! surr\nd+ air1 consi/$ 9 ! fact t ! s-call$ gl>e ought to cov] ! moon's disc4 ,mr ,proctor next ref]r$ to a numb] ( obs]vations 9 support ( ! view t ! coronal light is n t]re/rial2 su* z ! appe>ance ( gl>e dur+ p>tial eclipses1 ! gl>e always tr5*+ on ! lun> disc2 ! relatively great] d>kness ( ! c5tral "p ( ! lun> disc 9 annul> eclipses2 ! visibility ( t "p ( ! lun> disc :i* lies beyond ! sun 9 p>tial eclipses1 ! limb be+ se5 d>k on ! backgr\nd ( ! sky2 & ! visibility ( ! corona 9 p>tial eclipses2--7 its mo/ di/9ctive peculi>ities1 hav+ be5 recognis$ :5 ! sun's face is n :olly cov]$4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! actual nature ( ! corona8 ,may x n consi/ ( ! d5s] p>ts ( meteoric sy/ems travell+ r\nd ! sun8 ,lev]ri] has %[n1 & ,mr ,bux5dell has help$ to %[1 t ! motion ( ,m]cury's p]ihelion indicates ! pres5ce ( a r+ ( bodies 9 ! vic9ity ( ! sun2 b we h good reason = believ+ t = ea* meteor sy/em our e>? enc\nt]s1 !re mu/ be millions on millions ^: p]ihelia lie )9 ! e>?'s orbit4 ,s9ce ! e>? meets ) fifty-six su* sy/ems1 x w be se5 h[ enorm\s probably is ! total numb]4 ,is1 !n1 ! corona simply ! projection ( ^! sy/ems1 illum9at$ z !y mu/ be by an int5sity ( sol> light exce$+ _m hundr$-fold t :i* illum9es our summ] days1 nay1 9 c]ta9 places1 7 rais$ by 8 heat to a /ate ( inc&esc5ce8 99 99 99 99 99 ,su* are "s ( ! que/ions :i*1 x is hop$1 ! eclipse ( ,decemb] #ahgj w help to solve2 & we ?9k our read]s w admit t _! importance ju/ifies u 9 look+ =w>d to ! approa*+ ph5om5on ) anxi\s curiosity4 ,! b\nds ( human k are gradually enl>g+2 & z !y enl>ge1 !y d b m vividly illu/rate ! inf9ite wisdom & p]fectness ( ! s*eme ( creation4 ,,col\r$ ,,/>s4 ,be=e br++ ^! pages to a close1 & app5d+ to our description ( ,ev]yday ,objects 7ev]yday1 b n commonplace7 ! ^w ,f9is1 we wi% to direct ! read]'s att5tion to ! subject ( col\r$ />s2 n because ^! beautiful sph]es c be fairly class$ "u our g5]al title1 b because !y s]ve to %[ ! peculi> attractiv5ess & novelty ( sci5tific inquiry1 & ! wond]ful results t spr+ f ! p]sev]+ /udy ( ,god's univ]se4 ,to ! eye ( ! ord9>y obs]v]1 "o /> seems mu* l ano!r2 ^! lamps ( night diff]1 inde$1 9 brilliancy1 9 _! di/ance f ! e>?1 9 _! relative magnitudes2 b to all appe>ance !y exhibit a complete id5tity 9 physical con/itution1 & _! :ite light has furni%$ poetry ) "o ( its commone/ images4 ,b ! a/ronom]1 arm$ ) 8 wond]-reveal+ glass1 has discov]$ t innum]able />s are exquisitely col\r$2 t "s are blue1 & o!rs gre51 & o!rs r$4 ,if on a cle> night y exam9e ,p]seus ) y\r telescope1 y w f9d t ! /> ,eta is ( a gl[+ r$4 ,9 ! sy/em ( ,ophiu*us y w enc\nt] a blue />2 9 t ( ,draco1 a deep r$ />2 ,taurus has a l>ge r$ & a small blui% />2 & 9 ,argo1 a blue sun is att5d$ by a d>k-r$ satellite4 ,! />s occur 9 d\ble1 triple1 or multiple gr\ps or clu/]s2 & ! sy/ems s con/itut$ diff] f :at we presumptu\sly call ! ,sol> ,sy/em 9 _! col\r+2 & 9 ?is v>iety or div]sity1 yet ano!r v>iety is visible4 ,! b9>y col\r$ sy/ems are n all compos$ ( blue & r$ suns4 ,9 t ( ,gamma ,&rom$ ! great c5tral orb is ( an orange hue1 ! moon revolv+ r\nd x gre5 z em]ald4 ,:at results f ! m>riage ( ^! two col\rs--f ?is union ( orange & em]ald8 ,d we n see 9 x1 says a ,fr5* a/ronom]1#id a comb9ation1 if ! phrase is all[able1 full ( y\? 7assortim5t ple9 de jeunesse7--a gr&1 a magnific5t orange-col\r$ sun 9 ! mid/ ( ! firmam5t--next to x1 a respl5d5t em]ald1 :i* int]weaves ) ! gold its gre5i% gleams8 ,! foll[+ lively picture is borr[$ f ! graphic pages ( ,m4 ,flamm>ion4 ,!re is m v>iety1 he says1 9 ! innum]able />-sy/ems :i* cr[d ! fields ( space1 ?an 9 all ! *anges :i* ! mo/ skilful opticians c project on ! scre5 ( a magic lant]n4 ,"s ( ! planet>y univ]ses light$ up by two suns display ! entire gamut ( col\rs above blue1 b are )\t ! sp>kl+ t9ts ( gold & purple :i* contribute s greatly to ! lum9osity ( our _w4 ,9 ?is category may be plac$ c]ta9 sy/ems situat$ 9 ! con/ellations ( ,&rom$1 ! ,s]p5t1 ,ophiu*us1 & ,coma ,b]5ices4 ,o!rs are illum9at$ by r$ suns1 z1 = example1 a d\ble /> 9 ,leo4 ,o!rs1 aga91 are :olly dom9at$ by blue & yell[1 or1 at lea/1 are k9dl$ by a blue sun & a yell[ sun1 :i* af=d b a limit$ s]ies ( ! t9ts or %ades compris$ 9 ! comb9ations ( ^! primitive col\rs2 su* are ! sy/ems ( ,ceta1 ,eridanus 7:]e "o is /raw-col\r$1 ! o!r blue71 ,cameleop>dalis1 ,orion1 ,rh9oc]os1 ,gem9i1 ,botes 7:]e ! great] "o is yell[1 & ! less] a gre5i% blue71 & ,cygnus 7:]e ! small] is blue z a sapphire74 ,on ! o!r h&1 comb9ations ( r$ & gre5 may be f\nd 9 ,cassiopeia1 ,coma ,b]5ices1 & ,h]cules4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re are o!r /ell> sy/ems :i*1 accord+ to ,flamm>ion1 m ne>ly approximate to our own1 9 ! s5se t "o ( ! suns illum9at+ !m has1 l ours1 a :ite light1--! s\rce ( all col\rs1--:ile its neighb\r+ lum9>y ca/s a p]man5t reflection ^u ev]y?+4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 are ! worlds revolv+ r\nd ! great sun ( ,alpha1 9 ,aries2 ?is great sun is :ite1 b a small] sun is con/antly visible 9 ! sky1 ^: azure reflections cov] z ) a diaphan\s veil ! v>i\s objects expos$ to its rays4 ,numb] #bf 9 ,ceta pres5ts ! same conditions1 :i* are ^?1 too1 ( a great numb] ( ! mo/ brilliant />s4 ,9 ! case ( ! worlds gravitat+ r\nd ! pr9cipal _w ( ^! b9>y sy/ems1 ! orig9ative :ite lu/re w\ld appe> to create ! inf9ite v>ieties noticeable ^u ! e>?1 ) ! di/9ction1 ( c\rse1 t an azure gleam con/antly issues f ! o!r sun2 b = ! planets gravitat+ r\nd ! latt]1 ! pr$om9ant col\r+ w be blue1 temp]$ by ! action ( ! remot] :ite sun4 ,& j z :ite suns h blue suns = _! companions1 s h r$ suns yell[1 or vice v]s4 ,:at a /range & curi\s radiance--l t ( a dome ( _m-col\r$ glass--mu/ be %$ ^u a planet by its r$ & gre5 or yell[ & blue suns6 ,:at /rik+ contra/s1 :at fairylike *anges1 mu/ be produc$ by a r$ day & a gre5 day succe$+ alt]nately to a :ite day1 or a day ( d>kness6 ,:y d n our poets take up su* a !me z ?is8 ,c !y f9d aught m rem>kable or m ery 9 ! dreams ( _! imag9ation8 ,suppos+ t ^! wond]ful sph]es are surr\nd$1 l ,jupit] or ,saturn1 by a r+ ( satellites1 :at c be _! aspect :5 lit up by sev]al suns1 ea* sun a s\rce ( diff]5t-col\r$ light8 ,?is "o1 we may imag9e1 w be divid$ into hemisph]es1 r$ & blue1 t w susp5d 9 ! firmam5t a cresc5t ( gold2 ano!r w seem to drop f ! azure circle l a gorge\s clu/] ( em]ald fruit4 ,ruby moons1 opal9e moons1 moons ( jasp] & ame?y/1--all %9+ ) a my/ic & indescribable radiance1--surely ! heav5s are deck$ ) jewels l an ,ea/]n que56 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4--;,bright ) ! beauty ( ! silv] moon4 ,our poets may *ant ! praises ( our mode/1 simple nights1 ( our calm1 hu%$ heav5s1 bright only ) ! beauty ( ! silv] moon1 :i* p\rs its pale lu/re ) a w9n+ *>m on t[n & tree1 on wood & lake4 ,!y may s+1 z ,b>ry ,cornwall s+s-- ,n[ to ?y sil5t pres5ce1 night6 ,is ?is my fir/ song (f]'d3 oh6 to !e ,t looke/ ) ?y ?\s& eyes ( light-- ,to !e & ?y />ry nobility ,t float ) a delici\s murmur+-- ,?\gh unhe>d "h--ab\t ?y =ehead blue2 ,& z !y ride along 9 ord] due1 ,circl+ ! r\nd globe 9 _! w&]+4 ,to !e _! anci5t que5 & "m s+4444 ,n dull & cold & d>k art ?\3 ,:o t beholds ?y cle>] br[1 ,endiadem$ ) g5tle/ /reaks ,( fleecy-silv]'d cl\d1 adorn+ ,!e1 fair z :5 ! "y sun wakes4444 ,b mu/ feel ?y p[]s4 ,9 "s su* ec/atic /ra9s z ?is we may laud our moonlit nights1 ackn[l$g+ 9 our he>t ( he>ts ! p[] ( _! sil5t1 subtle lovel9ess2 b h[ %all we comp>e !m ) nights made wond]ful by a bl5d+ ( gold5 & em]ald fires8 by ! %ift+ coruscations ( />s ( _m col\rs8 ,b "h we mu/ conclude a diss]tation :i* ?reat5s to become a rhapsody4 ,x is difficult1 h[ev]1 to treat ( su* a !me1 & to foll[ up all its /range & />tl+ sugge/ions1 9 sob] prose4 ,,! ,,alp9e ,,flora4 ,! ,alp9e ,flora1 ( :i* 9 a prec$+ section we h giv5 a v imp]fect sket*1 has be5 exam9$ ) lov+ m9ut5ess by ,messrs ,elijah ,walton & ,t4 ,g4 ,bonney2 & o!r unit$ results ( p5 & p5cil h be5 plac$ be=e ! public 9 a h&some volume entitl$ ,fl[]s f ! ,upp] ,alps1 ) ,glimpses ( _! ,homes4 ,a some:at simil> subject has be5 treat$ ) mu* delicacy ( feel+ & f]v\r ( description by ! ,rev4 ,hugh ,macmillan1 9 8 ,holidays 9 ,high ,l&s4 ,among ! ,alp9e plants sket*$ & describ$ by ,messrs ,walton & ,bonney are ! beautiful ,ly*nis1 a close relative ( our corn-cockle & g>d5 p9k1 & s call$1 says ,g]>d1 ! qua9t old botani/1 because x is a light-giv+ fl[]4 ,he also met ) imm5se bread?s ( violet pansies1--t's = ?\ghts1 says ,ophelia1--cov]+ ! slop+ pa/ure-gr\nds ( ! ,col d',autune1 & bl5d+ ) rose & /> g5tians1 soldanellas1 primulas1 & anemones4 ,! p9k blossoms & b>e /em ( ! h\se leek is f\nd among ! blocks tumbl$ d[n f ! ice-/reams1 & its sp>kl+ clu/]s seem to gl[ ) a ri*] hue on ! /ony ru9 :i* has %att]$ ! p9e1 & cru%$ ! life ev5 out ( ! rhodod5dron4 ,9 ! ,gl>us ,alps ! odor\s crimson tufts ( ! ,kammblume are discov]$ 9 a pr(usion :i* rejoices & a/oni%es ! travell]4 ,! yell[-blossom$ ragwort spreads its /em ov] ! rugg$ m\nta9-sides 9 e ,alp9e di/rict4 ,b next 9 fame & beauty to ! g5tians1--:i* is1 p> excell5ce1 ! m\nta9-fl[]1--mu/ be plac$ ! edelwe91 celebrat$ by ,kobele & o!r fam\s poets1 & gr[+ 9 almo/ e "p ( ! ,alps f ,dauph9 to ! ,dolomites4 ,= fur!r details respect+ a mo/ int]e/+ bran* ( botany1 we ref] ! read] to ! two works already nam$1 & he w f9d t ! b>r5e/1 /onie/ slope ( ! ,alp9e rocks1 ! bleak recesses :]e ! ice riv] has its orig91 & ! rugg$ l$ge :]e ! pitiless w9ds seem to exp5d _! wilde/ fury1 h _! objects ( grace & beauty1--_! g5tle & ev]-welcome evid5ce ( ! ,div9e love1 ! ,div9e wisdom1 & ! ,div9e p[]1 z ex]cis$ = ! delight ( man 9 ! remote/ wild]nesses ( ! e>?4 ,! love ( ,god is ev]y:]e4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #ic3 ,nature1 vol4 i4 p4 #edc4 ,footnote #id3 ,flamm>ion1 ,les ,m]veilles ,cele/es1 pp4 #afj1 #afa4 ,,index4 ,academy1 !1 quot$1 #cfi-cga4 ,a*tysia1 ! g5us1 *>act]i/ics (1 #cec4 ,ae%na gr&is1 describ$1 #agh2 =cipata1 #agh1 #agi4 ,ag>icus ,cs>eus1 !1 description (1 #ccc1 #ccd4 ,ag>ics1 v>ieties (1 *>act]is$1 #cce1 #ccf4 ,ag>ions1 !1 g5]al *>act]i/ics ( _! =m1 #gi4 ,ag>ion virgo1 !1 describ$1 #agi4 ,alps1 !1 an excursion among1 #bef-bfj4 ,alp9e snail1 !1 rem>kable transp>5cy (1 #ga4 ,amanita musc>ia1 !1 describ$1 #cbh-ccj2 its poison\s prop]ties1 #cca-ccc4 ,amanita solit>ius1 !1 description (1 #cca4 ,amphibia1 !1 numb] ( species (1 #cfa1 #cfb4 ,anaxim&]1 ! au?or ( ! ,uranometria1 8 enum]ation ( ! />s1 #be4 ,anci5ts1 !1 _! notion ( ! e>?'s %ape1 #ajd-ajg4 ,anemones1 !1 blossom+ "t (1 #aeg1 #aeh2 _! s5sitiv5ess to atmosph]ic *anges1 #aeh2 v>ieties (1 #aei2 ref]5ces to1 by ,drayton1 #aei-afa4 ,animal life1 di/ribution (1 #ceg1 #cff4 ,antipodes1 !1 exi/5ce (1 believ$ 9 by ! anci5ts1 #ajg2 prov$ by ,columbus1 #ajh1 #aji4 ,arabs ( ! des]t1 !1 _! nom5clature = ! />s1 #bb1 #bc4 ,aratus1 ! au?or ( ,ph5om5a1 quot$1 #bb4 ,arctic vole1 !1 discov]y (1 by ,m4 ,hugi1 #ej1 #ea2 describ$ by its discov]]1 #ea2 exam9$ & nam$ by ,m4 ,m>t9s1 #ea1 #eb4 ,arcturus1 ! />1 its col\r1 #bc4 ,argesilaus1 ! au?or ( ! ,uranometria1 8 enum]ation ( ! />s1 #be4 ,ari/otle1 ! ,greek philosoph]1 8 !ory ( ! globe's sph]icity1 #ajf2 on ! mole's want ( sight1 #bfg4 ,articulata1 !1 numb] ( ! species (1 #cfb1 #cfc4 ,arum1 !1 describ$1 #afa1 #afb2 its root1 #afc2 its alim5t>y prop]ties1 #afc2 its v>i\s species1 #afd1 #afe4 ,a/]isms1 orig9 (1 #ad4 ,atmosph]e1 !1 illum9ation (1 #cac4 ,autumn1 aspect ( nature 91 #cff1 #cfg4 ,bailey1 ,p4 ,j41 ! poet1 quot$1 #c4 ,balf\r1 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,h41 quot$1 #bjh2 on ! diffusion ( plants1 #cba-cbd4 ,be>d$ p9k4 ,see ,,sweet ,,william4 ,birds1 numb] ( ! species (1 #cei1 #cfj4 ,black ,hellebore1 !1 describ$1 #afh4 ,boehm1 ,m4 ,joseph1 8 !ory ( ! rise ( sap1 #acf1 #acg4 ,boletus1 !1 ( ! ,romans1 #ccd4 ,borag9ace1 !1 *>act]i/ics (1 #bci-bda4 ,bosc1 ! ,fr5* naturali/1 8 ref]5ce to ! alim5t>y prop]ties ( ! ,arum1 #afc2 8 c>e] sket*$1 #afc4 ,boyle1 ,rob]t1 on ! contemplation ( ! univ]se1 #aja1 #ajb4 ,bradley1 ! a/ronom]1 8 discov]y ( ! nutation ( ! e>?1 #ab4 ,br[n+1 ,mrs ,e4 ,b41 h] poetry *>act]is$1 #ccg2 h] ,aurora ,leigh quot$1 #ccg1 #cch4 ,bug1 ! h>ve/1 description (1 #cdi-ceb4 ,burton1 ( ! ,anatomy ( ,melan*oly1 quot$1 #bdj4 ,butt]cup1 !1 its bulb\s roots1 #aff2 its /imulat+ prop]ties1 #afg4 ,byron1 ,"l1 ! poet1 quot$1 #aja4 ,csalp91 ! botani/1 on ! ,solanum nigrum1 #hf4 ,calli/o1 ! leg5d (1 #i4 ,calypso1 ! isl& (1 ref]r$ to1 #ai4 ,calyx1 !1 ( fl[]s1 p>ts (1 #baa4 ,campbell1 ,?omas1 ! poet1 quot$1 #bcf1 #bcg4 ,c&olle1 ,de1 8 op9ions on ! nature ( r$ sn[1 #da1 #db4 ,c>d9al po9ts ( ! compass1 h[ to asc]ta9 our position 9 ref]5ce to !1 #g1 #h2 process ( det]m9ation ( !1 #ag-ai4 ,c>ew1 ,?omas1 ! poet1 quot$1 #ajj4 ,c>nations1 *>act]is$ by ,j]emy ,taylor & ,drayton1 #cga2 describ$1 #cgb2 v>ieties (1 #cgc4 ,c>nivora1 !1 di/ribution (1 #ceh4 ,cass9i1 ,jacques1 8 !ory ( ! e>?'s =m1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,ca/le p9k1 !1 describ$1 #cge1 #cgf4 ,ca/elnau1 ! ,c\nt (1 quot$1 #cfc1 #cfd4 ,c]eals1 !1 range (1 #cbc1 #cbd4 ,cetacea1 !1 di/ribution (1 #ceh2 describ$1 #bjh-bae2 curi\s =ms (1 #bbj-bbc4 ,*aldeans1 !1 _! conception ( ! e>?'s %ape1 #aje4 ,*amois1 !1 describ$1 #ef1 #eg4 ,*auc]1 ! poet1 8 description ( ! daisy quot$1 #ach1 #adj4 ,*eese mite1 !1 :]e f\nd1 #ced2 its ugly =m1 #cee1 #cef4 ,*omel1 ! botani/1 on ! m$ical prop]ties ( ! daisy1 #adf1 #adg4 ,*lorophyll1 exp]im5ts 91 #cfh1 #cfi4 ,*rysomela salic9ia1 !1 describ$1 #gb4 ,cl>e1 ,john1 ! ,nor?ampton%ire poet1 on ! dragon-fly1 #age4 ,clematis1 !1 describ$1 #afh2 celebrat$ by ,keats1 #afh4 ,columbus1 ,*ri/oph]1 8 demon/ration ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,antipodes1 #ajh1 #aji4 ,compass1 !1 po9ts (1 #g4 ,con/ellations1 table ( ! numb] ( />s 9 ! nor!rn1 s\!rn1 & zodiacal1 #bg1 #bh4 ,convall>ia majalis4 ,see ,,lily ,,( ,,! ,,valley4 ,convolvulus1 !1 describ$1 #chc1 #chd4 ,cop]nicus1 ! a/ronom]1 8 !ory ( ! e>?'s rotundity1 #aaj2 antiquity ( 8 s-call$ !ory1 #aah1 #aai4 ,cornwall1 ,b>ry1 ! poet1 quot$1 #bbi4 ,corolla1 !1 ( fl[]s1 #bad1 #bae1 #bbc2 v>ieties (1 #bbe-bbi4 ,crabbe1 ,george1 ! poet1 quotation f1 #bhh4 ,cynodon dactylon1 !1 describ$1 #ia-ic4 ,daisy1 !1 describ$ by ,*auc]1 #ach1 #adj2 by ,c[p]1 #aci2 by ,james ,montgom]y & ,william ,br[ne1 #adj2 its vegetation1 #adj1 #ada2 describ$1 #adb-ade2 ref]r$ to by ! anci5ts1 #ade2 & by ! botani/s ( ! ,middle ,ages1 #adf2 *>act]is$ by ,wepf]1 ,t\rne=t1 & ,g>idel1 #adg2 its m$ical prop]ties1 #adf1 #adg2 ,george ,)]s' tribute to1 #adh2 celebrat$ by ,wordswor?1 #adi1 #aej2 by ,%akespe>e & ,milton1 #aea1 #aeb4 ,d>w91 ,erasmus1 ! poet1 on ! pimp]nel1 #bfa4 ,david's ,*>iot1 position (1 #h1 #i4 ,day & night1 v>y+ l5g? (1 #aih1 #aii4 ,delphos1 ! navel ( ! _w1 #ajg4 ,democritus1 ! philosoph]1 on ! ,milky ,way1 #be4 ,d5t de ,jaman1 !1 describ$1 #beg4 ,desor1 ,m41 ! ,swiss naturali/1 8 discov]y ( ! sn[-flea1 #gb1 #gc4 ,desoria saltans1 !1 describ$1 #gc2 glacialis1 description (1 #gd4 ,dial1 floral1 ref]r$ to & exemplifi$1 #bag1 #bah4 ,diodorus1 ! hi/orian1 quot$1 #ic1 #id4 ,dioscorides1 ! au?or ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica1 8 ref]5ce to ,m]cury's plant1 #ha2 on ! ,agro/is1 #ie4 ,diurnal movem5t ( ! />s1 orig9 ( its discov]y1 #af4 ,dobell1 ,sydney1 ! poet1 quot$1 #abi1 #aca4 ,dogma1 folly (1 #bib4 ,dog ,m]cury1 !1 its p[] ( propagation1 #gg1 #gh2 describ$ by ,mr ,s[]by1 #gh2 h[ di/+ui%$ f we$s1 #gi2 its dici\s "*1 #hj2 m5tion$ by ,pl9y ! naturali/1 #hj1 #ha2 & by ,dioscorides1 #ha2 its disappe>ance be=e ! p[] ( sn[1 #ha4 ,dog-/>1 !4 ,see ,,sirius4 ,dog's-too? grass1 !1 *>act]i/ics (1 features (1 describ$1 #ia-ic2 its emolli5t prop]ties1 #if4 ,draco1 ! con/ellation (1 kn[n to ! anci5ts1 #bb4 ,dragon-fly1 !1 describ$ by ! poets1 #agd1 #age2 its de/ructive prop]ties1 #age2 ! female1 #ahb1 #ahc2 its metamorphosis1 #ahc-ahg4 ,drayton1 ,mi*ael1 ! poet1 8 description ( a spr+-"t posy1 #aei-afa2 on c>nations1 #cga4 ,drummond1 ,william1 ! poet1 quot$1 #cii1 #djj4 ,dutro*et1 ! philosoph]1 8 !ory ( ! rise ( sap1 #acf4 ,eagle1 !1 its affection = ! m\nta9s1 #eg2 its flight describ$1 #eh-fb2 its ne/1 #fb2 ! v>i\s species (1 #fb1 #fc4 ,e>?1 !1 %ape (1 z conceiv$ by ,hom] & ,hesiod1 #ajc1 #ajd2 by ,s5eca1 #ajd2 by ! ,*aldeans1 ,anaxim&]1 ,anaxim5es1 & ,z5ophanes1 #aje2 by ,plato1 #aje1 #ajf2 by ,eudoxes & ,ari/otle1 #ajf2 by ! ,greeks & ,hebrews1 #ajg2 a problem1 #cih1 #cii4 ,e>wig1 !1 =m (1 describ$1 #bgh-bhj4 ,edelwe91 !1 9 ! ,alps1 description (1 #dah4 ,flamm>ion1 ,m41 on col\r$ />s1 #dad1 #dae4 ,flos ,adonis1 !1 leg5d connect$ )1 #afi4 ,=ficul1 !1 gr\p (1 *>act]i/ics (1 #bhf4 ,=get-me-n1 !1 celebrat$ by ,campbell ! poet1 #bcf1 #bcg2 describ$ by ,miss ,pratt1 #bch2 analysis ( its =m1 #bch1 #bci2 leg5ds connect$ )1 #bci1 #bdj4 ,fri5d%ip1 ! te/ (1 #ada4 ,frigid zones1 !1 position (1 #de1 #df2 ! liz>ds (1 describ$1 #gj1 #ga4 ,galileo1 8 discov]ies 9 gravitation1 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,ganges1 ! banks (1 describ$1 #bdh4 ,g>idel1 ! botani/1 on ! m$ical prop]ties ( ! daisy1 #adg4 ,g>d5-lily1 !1 describ$1 #bdh4 ,g>d5-night%ade1 !1 its extreme f]tility1 #hb2 description (1 #hc2 by ,t\rne=t1 #hd1 #he1 #hi2 its v>i\s =ms1 #he2 its m$ical prop]ties1 #he-hg4 ,g5esis1 ! book (1 quot$1 #aia4 ,g5tiana lutea1 !1 its m$ical prop]ties1 #bed4 ,g5tiana campe/ris1 describ$1 #bef1 #beg4 ,g5tianace1 ! family (1 its *>act]i/ics describ$1 #beb-bee2 a ,lilliputian specim5 (1 #bee4 ,g5tians1 !1 ( ! ,alps1 description (1 #aj4 ,g]>d1 ! botani/1 quot$1 #dah4 ,gesn]1 ,conrad1 ! botani/1 on ! tulip1 #aed4 ,goe!1 ,j4 ,wolfgang1 ! poet1 quot$1 #aia4 ,gold-cr[n$ wr51 !1 description (1 #fd2 its p>tiality to ! society ( o!r birds1 #fd1 #fe2 its gymna/ic accompli%m5ts1 #fe2 its cosmopolitan "*1 #fe1 #ff2 its smallness ( size1 #ff4 ,graetz's balls1 orig9 (1 /at$1 #ee1 #ef4 ,gram9e1 !1 g5]al *>act]i/ics (1 #hh-ij2 h[ describ$ by ! naturali/s ( ! ,middle ,ages1 #ie1 #if4 ,gram51 !1 ,pl9y ! hi/orian on1 #id1 #ie4 ,gras%opp]1 !1 describ$ by ,leigh ,hunt1 #bgd4 ,great ,be>1 !1 orig9 ( ! /ory (1 #i1 #aj2 ,hom]'s ref]5ce to1 #aj4 ,grew1 ! botani/1 8 !ory ( ! rise ( sap1 #abd2 on ! calyx ( fl[]s1 #baa4 ,hay1 aromatic1 an in/ance (1 #beh4 ,heat1 ! action (1 describ$1 #cac-cag4 ,heav5s1 !1 movem5t 91 #aae1 #aaf4 ,hebrews1 !1 _! conception ( ! e>?'s supports 9 space1 #ajg4 ,h$g][s1 !1 wild climb+ plants (1 #chb1 #chc4 ,hepatica1 !1 describ$1 #afh1 #afi4 ,h]bs1 ! food ( ! primitive ,egyptians1 #ic1 #id4 ,hipp>*us1 ! a/ronom]1 8 discov]y ( ! precession ( ! equ9oxes1 #aaf2 8 a/ronomical rese>*es1 #bia1 #bib4 ,hom]1 ! poet1 8 ref]5ce to ! ,great ,be>1 #aj1 #ai2 & to ,orion1 #ae2 8 sci5tific k1 #ai2 8 conception ( ! e>?'s %ape1 #ajc1 #ajd2 quot$1 #baj4 ,honeycomb1 !1 ( ! bee1 describ$1 #he4 ,honeysuckle1 !1 celebrat$ by ,scott1 ,burns1 & ,drayton1 #chj4 ,hood1 ,?omas1 ! poet1 quot$1 #aij4 ,horace1 ! poet1 quot$1 #ajc4 ,h\se leek1 !1 9 ! ,alps1 describ$1 #dah4 ,h\/on1 ,pr(essor1 8 table ( ! di/ribution ( :eat & b>ley1 #cbd1 #cbe4 ,h[itt1 ,m>y1 ! poetess1 on ! dragon-fly1 #age4 ,hugi1 ,m41 ! ,swiss naturali/1 8 discov]y ( ! ,arctic vole1 #di-ea4 ,humanity1 ! future (1 #cic4 ,human p[]1 limitation (1 #cid4 ,hunt1 ,leigh1 8 poem on ! gras%opp]1 quot$1 #bgd4 ,huyg5s1 ! savant1 8 rese>*es into ! laws ( gravitation1 #aaa4 ,immortality1 an emblem (1 9 ! metamorphosis ( ! cat]pill>1 #djb1 #djc4 ,infusoria1 !1 numb] (1 #cfe4 ,+lis1 ,h5ry1 ! travell]1 quot$1 #adb4 ,insects1 ! v>i\s ord]s (1 enum]at$1 #bhj2 ! numb] ( species (1 #cfc1 #cfd4 ,jonson1 ,b51 ! dramati/1 quot$1 #bjg1 #bdh1 #djj4 ,kane1 ,dr ,eli%a1 ! ,am]ican explor]1 8 ,arctic exp]i5ces1 #ci4 ,keats1 ! poet1 quot$1 #bi1 #afh1 #aij1 #bdd1 #bih4 ,kepl]1 ! a/ronom]1 8 adoption ( ! !ory ( ! e>?'s rotundity1 #aaj4 ,lactantius1 on ! non-exi/5ce ( ! ,antipodes1 #ajh4 ,la ,hire1 ! ,fr5* botani/1 8 !ory ( ! rise ( sap1 #acd4 ,l&scape1 a w9try1 describ$1 #e4 ,leaf-wasp1 !1 its mode ( deposit+ its l>v1 #ga1 #gb4 ,le ,monni]1 ! ,fr5* a/ronom]1 on ! !ory ( ! nutation ( ! e>?1 #abc4 ,less] cel&9e1 !1 celebrat$ by ,wordswor?1 #aff2 describ$1 #aff4 ,libellula cancellata1 describ$1 #agg4 ,libellula gr&is1 describ$1 #agh4 ,libellul1 ! family (1 its *>act]i/ics1 #agd-ahc4 ,see ,,dragon-,,fly4 ,libellulites1 ! family (1 its g5]al *>act]i/ics1 #agi1 #ahj4 ,lib]ty1 a plea = intellectual1 #djg4 ,life1 orig9 (1 speculat$ ^u1 #cij1 #cia4 ,light1 ! nature (1 #aib1 #aic2 physiological facts conc]n+1 #aid-aif2 ! !ory (1 #aig1 #aih2 *emical action (1 #cab1 #cac4 ,liliace1 ! family (1 its *>act]i/ics1 #bdi1 #bej4 ,lily ( ! field1 !1 ( ! ,gospels1 describ$1 #bdb1 #bdc4 ,lily ( ! valley1 !1 describ$ by ,%akespe>e1 #bdb2 its native c\ntries1 #bdb4 ,little ,be>1 !1 position (1 #aa1 #ab2 di/9ct f ! ,great ,be>1 #ab2 fir/ recognis$ by ! ,phnicians1 #bj4 ,little ,vulcan1 !1 butt]fly1 describ$ by ,agassiz1 #ga4 ,longfell[1 ! poet1 8 description ( ,orion1 #ac2 quot$1 #abh1 #abi4 ,ly*nis1 !1 describ$1 #dah4 ,macgillivray1 ! naturali/1 quot$1 #ei1 #fj4 ,macmillan1 ,rev4 ,hugh1 quot$1 #db-dd4 ,malpighi1 ! botani/1 8 !ory ( ! rise ( sap1 #ace4 ,mammalia1 !1 summ>is$1 #cfj4 ,manilius1 ! poet1 8 ref]5ces to ! ,great ,be>1 quot$1 #bj1 #ba4 ,mant1 ,bi%op1 quot$1 #fc1 #fd4 ,m>iotte1 ! botani/1 8 !ory ( ! rise ( sap1 #ace4 ,m>mot1 !1 describ$1 #ec2 its habits1 #ec1 #ed2 ! v>i\s species (1 #ee4 ,m>s1 ! planet1 ref]r$ to1 #cja1 #cjb4 ,m>supialia1 !1 di/ribution (1 #ceh4 ,m>t9s1 ,m41 ! naturali/1 8 exam9ation & description ( ! ,arctic vole1 #ea1 #eb4 ,m>vell1 ,&rew1 ! poet1 quot$1 #bag4 ,matt]1 =ms ( liv+1 #chh1 #chi4 ,m]curialis annua4 ,see ,,dog ,,m]cury4 ,metamorphosis1 ! function (1 9 nature1 #dja1 #djb4 ,milton1 8 allusion to ! daisy1 quot$1 #aea1 #aeb4 ,mole1 !1 peculi> movem5ts (1 #bfe1 #bff2 describ$1 #bfg2 ,ari/otle & ,pl9y on its want ( sight1 #bfg2 its h&s & f+]s1 #bfh2 its fav\rite haunts1 #bfi2 m>vell\s prop]ties ascrib$ to1 #bgj1 #bga4 ,mole-cricket1 !1 its =m & habits describ$1 #bgc-bgh4 ,mollusca1 !1 numb] ( species (1 #cfb4 ,moon1 influ5ce (1 on ! wea!r1 #cj1 #ca4 ,moore1 ,?omas1 ! poet1 8 *>act]isation ( ! dragon-fly1 #agd2 8 allusion to ! wat]-lily ( ! ,ea/1 #bdf4 ,m\nta9 p9k1 !1 describ$1 #cgd1 #cge4 ,mu%room1 !1 h[ to be di/+ui%$1 #cbg1 #cbh2 "s v>ieties (1 describ$1 #cbi-ccg4 ,mutability1 ! lesson (1 #caf4 ,myosotis palu/ris4 ,see ,,=get-,,me-,,n4 ,nature1 beauty & sugge/iv5ess (1 #cci2 our imp]fect k (1 #cda1 #cdb2 ! inf9ite div]sity (1 #cfe4 ,nebria es*]i describ$1 #gb2 *evri]ii1 #gb4 ,newman1 ,mr1 au?or ( ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,insects1 quot$1 #bhe4 ,newton1 ,sir ,isaac1 8 !ories z to ! =m ( ! e>?1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,nuph> lutea1 !1 describ$1 #bde4 ,nutation ( ! e>?1 !1 expla9$1 #abj1 #aba1 #abc2 its discov]y1 #aba1 #abb4 ,obs]v]1 !1 ( nature1 #d1 #e4 no!ra bi5nis1 describ$1 #baf1 #bah1 #bai4 ,orion1 ! occultation (1 its position 9 ! heav5s1 #ad2 its place 9 ! old my?ology1 #ae4 ,pa*yd]mata1 !1 di/ribution (1 #cei4 ,p>ry1 ,capta91 on ! nature ( r$ sn[1 #da4 ,p]ian?1 !1 ( fl[]s1 #bjh4 ,p]rault1 ! botani/1 8 !ory ( ! rise ( sap1 #ace4 ,petals1 !1 ( fl[]s1 describ$1 #aji1 #bbd-bbg4 ,phnicians1 !1 _! k ( ! ,great & ,little ,be>s1 #bj1 #ba4 ,physalis alkek5gi1 describ$1 #bbb4 ,pilgran1 ! meteorologi/1 8 rese>*es into ! nature ( climate1 #ca4 ,pimp]nel1 !1 all ab\t1 #bfj-bfd4 ,p9ks1 ! v>i\s k9ds (1 describ$1 #cgd4 ,planets1 !1 :e!r inhabit$1 #cie4 ,plants1 discov]y ( ! sex (1 #bjg2 appropriate to c]ta9 soils1 #cbj1 #cba2 diffusion (1 #cba-cbe2 classification (1 #cdc-cde4 ,plato1 ! philosoph]1 8 notion ( ! =m ( ! globe1 #aje1 #ajf4 ,pl9y1 ! naturali/1 on numb]+ ! />s1 #be2 8 ref]5ce to r$ sn[1 #ci2 & to ! m]curialis1 #hj1 #ha2 on ! gram51 #id1 #ie2 8 ref]5ce to ! daisy1 #adf2 on ! mole1 #bgj1 #bga4 ,plut>*1 ! hi/orian1 on ! probability ( ! exi/5ce ( ! antipodes1 #ajh4 ,podura plumbea1 !1 describ$1 #gd1 #ge4 ,pol> ,/>1 !1 its position 9 ! heav5s1 #ah4 ,poles1 day at !1 #bjj1 #bja4 ,polygala vulg>is1 !1 describ$1 #bac4 ,po9t]s1 con/ellation ( !1 ref]r$ to1 #bb4 ,pratt1 ,miss1 on ! =get-me-n1 #bch4 ,proctor1 ,r4 ,a41 on sol> ph5om5a1 #daj1 #daa4 ,protococcus nivalis1 ! plant describ$1 #db-dd4 ,prunella1 !1 or self-heal1 describ$1 #bcj-bcc4 ,ptolemu1 8 enum]ation ( ! con/ellations1 #bd2 8 acqua9tance ) ! s-call$ ,cop]nican !ory1 #aai2 a/ronomical !ories (1 #big1 #bih4 ,py?agoras1 ! philosoph]1 8 famili>ity ) ! s-call$ ,cop]nican !ory1 #aai4 ,quadrumana1 !1 di/ribution (1 #ceg1 #ceh4 ,ramond1 ! naturali/1 8 rese>*es 9 ! natural hi/ory ( r$ sn[1 #dj1 #da4 ,ranunculace1 !1 g5]al *>act]i/ics (1 #aff-afi4 ,ray1 ! botani/1 on ! daisy1 #adf4 ,r$-bill$ cr[1 !1 its appe>ance describ$1 #fh1 #fi2 its habits1 #fi2 ! hi/ory ( "o :i* _h be5 tam$1 #fi1 #gj4 ,r$ sn[1 kn[n to ,pl9y1 ! naturali/1 #ci2 fir/ describ$ sci5tifically by ,de ,saussure1 #ci1 #dj2 discov]$ by ,ramond 9 ! ,pyr5ees1 #dj2 by ,capta9 ,ross 9 ,baff9's ,bay1 #da2 describ$ by ,sir ,john ,ross1 #da2 a fungus 787 #da4 ,reptiles1 !1 di/ribution (1 #cfa4 ,rhizomes1 or trail+ roots1 ref]r$ to1 #hh1 #hi4 ,rhodius1 ,apollonius1 ! poet1 quot$1 #bj4 ,rod5tia1 !1 di/ribution (1 #ceh4 ,rog]s1 ! poet1 quot$1 #djc4 ,rum9antia1 !1 h[ di/ribut$1 #ceh4 ,salamanca1 ! c\ncil (1 ref]r$ to1 #ajh4 ,sap1 ! circulation (1 #acb2 its asc5t & desc5t1 #acc2 !ories conc]n+ ! rise (1 #acd-acg4 ,saussure1 ,b5$ict de1 ! naturali/1 8 obs]vations on r$ sn[1 #ci1 #dj4 ,sci5ce1 unselfi%ness (1 #gf2 ! peculi> *>act]i/ics (1 #acc4 ,scutell>i1 !1 *>act]i/ics (1 indicat$1 #bce1 #bcf4 ,seasons1 !1 *anges (1 #bjd1 #bje4 ,s5eca1 ! philosoph]1 8 conception ( ! e>?'s support 9 space1 #ajd4 ,%akespe>e1 8 allusions to ! daisy1 quot$1 #aej1 #aea2 ! lily describ$ by1 #bdb4 ,%elley1 ! poet1 quot$1 #aeb4 ,sirius1 ! />1 its col\r1 #bf2 delet]i\s influ5ce ascrib$ to1 by ! ,greeks1 #bc1 #bd4 ,sn[1 !1 pres]vation ( ! g]m ( life 9 se$s & roots1 #cb2 its composition1 #cb1 #cc2 ! reason ( its pres]vative qualities1 #cd2 9 ! =m ( cry/als1 #cd2 a reflector ( light1 #cg2 its utility to ! agriculturi/1 #cg2 9 ! pol> regions1 #ch1 #ci2 r$ sn[1 :i* see4 ,sn[-bunt+1 !1 description (1 #ff1 #fg2 its fav\rite localities1 #fg1 #fh4 ,sn[1 p]petual1 ! l9e (1 :]e situat$1 #dg2 its v>iations1 #dh4 ,sn[-flea1 !1 its discov]y n>rat$1 #gb1 #gc2 its g5]ic *>act]s1 #gd4 ,soapwort1 !1 describ$1 #cgh2 its juice1 #cgh1 #cgi4 ,soil1 effect ( temp]ature ^u1 #cag2 cultivation (1 #cah-cbj2 plants appropriate to diff]5t k9ds (1 #cbj1 #cba4 ,solanum nigrum1 !1 describ$1 #hb-he4 ,sol> corona1 !1 nature (1 #dji-dab4 ,sol> eclipse ( #ahgj1 !1 consid]$1 #djg-dab4 ,sol/ices1 ! summ] & w9t]1 #de4 ,som]ville1 ,mrs1 quot$1 #bhi4 ,s[]by1 ,mr1 on ! ,m]curialis annua1 #gh4 ,species1 numb] ( vegetable1 #cci1 #cdj1 #cdg1 #cdh2 numb] ( animal1 #cef4 ,sp5c]1 ,edmund1 ! poet1 quot$1 #b4 ,spr+1 ! awak5+ (1 describ$1 #abg-aca4 ,/aphylium ol5s1 describ$1 #bga-bgc4 ,/>s1 !1 _! inf9ite numb]1 #d2 _! diurnal movem5t1 #ae-ag2 col\r$1 #dab-dag4 ,/ell>ia1 !1 *>act]i/ics (1 enum]at$1 #cgh4 ,/rickl&1 ,miss1 on ! leg5d ( ! =get-me-n1 #bdj4 ,/ruve1 ,otto1 8 computation ( ! numb] ( ! />s1 #be1 #bf4 ,sun1 !1 movem5ts (1 9 ! heav5s1 #bib-bif2 l5g? ( its radius1 #bif1 #big4 ,sweetbri>1 !1 celebrat$ by ,sp5s]1 ,milton1 ,scott1 & ,drayton1 #chj2 by ,%akespe>e1 #cha4 ,taylor1 ,j]emy1 on c>nations1 #cga4 ,telescopes1 importance ( _! inv5tion to sci5ce1 #bf4 ,temp]ate zones1 !1 ref]5ce to1 #de4 ,temp]ature1 effect (1 on soil1 #cag4 ,t5nyson1 ,alfr$1 ! poet1 quot$1 #f1 #g1 #eg1 #ahc1 #bdg1 #cai4 ,!ophra/us1 an anci5t writ]1 on ! ,agro/is1 #ie4 ,?omson1 ,james1 ! poet1 quot$1 #cb1 #ajj4 ,?\ght1 fre$om (1 ass]t$1 #caa2 inde/ructibility (1 #cib4 ,toaldo1 ! ,italian meteorologi/1 8 rese>*es into ! ph5om5a ( climate1 #ca4 ,t\rne=t1 ! naturali/1 8 description ( ! ,solanum nigrum1 #hd1 #he1 #hg2 quot$1 #if1 #bcd2 on ! m$ical prop]ties ( ! daisy1 #adg4 ,tragus1 ! botani/1 8 acc\nt ( ! ,solanum nigrum1 #hf4 ,triticum rep5s1 !1 describ$1 #ic4 ,ts*udi1 ,m41 ! naturali/1 8 description ( a r$-bill$ cr[1 quot$1 #fi1 #gj4 ,tulip1 !1 describ$1 #aeb1 #aec2 its introduction into ,europe1 #aec2 its cultivation1 #aed1 #aee4 ,twilight1 ph5om5a (1 #bje4 ,v]tebrata1 !1 ord]s (1 #cfb4 ,vole1 ! ,arctic4 ,see ,,arctic ,,vole4 ,voltaire1 ,franois ,ar\et1 8 popul>isation ( ! ,newtonian philosophy1 #aac4 ,walton1 ,isaak1 8 eulogium on ! /rawb]ry1 #bdd4 ,wat]1 ! cry/allisation (1 in/anc$ & describ$1 #cf1 #cg4 ,wat]-lily1 !1 describ$ by ,keats & ,mrs ,hemans1 #bdd2 by ,wordswor?1 #bde2 analysis ( its =m1 #bde2 ( ! ,ea/1 describ$1 #bdf4 ,wat]-ranunculus1 !1 description (1 #afg4 ,w9t]s1 in/ances ( "s sev]e1 #bi1 #cj4 ,w9t]-"t1 appropriate = ! obs]vation ( cele/ial ph5om5a1 #c2 ! pass+ away (1 & m]g+ into spr+1 #if1 #ig4 ,)]+1 ! botani/1 on ! ,solanum nigrum1 #hf4 ,)]1 ,george1 ! poet1 8 tribute to ! daisy1 quot$1 #adh4 ,wood-l\se1 !1 its *>act]i/ics enum]at$1 #afi-agb2 ano!r species (1 #agc4 ,wordswor?1 ,william1 ! poet1 8 celebration ( ! daisy1 quot$1 #adi1 #aej2 8 poem on ! less] cel&9e1 #aff2 8 ref]5ce to ! lily ( ! valley1 #bde2 quot$1 #cge4 ,wr51 !1 describ$ by ,bi%op ,mant1 #fc1 #fd2 its habits /at$1 #fd4 ,yell[ wat]-lily1 !1 description (1 #bde4 ,zodiac1 !1 con/ellations (1 #aad1 #aae4 ,zootoca pyrrhoga/ra1 !1 describ$1 #gj4 ,,! ,,end4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,elegantly ,b\nd 9 ,clo? & ,gold1 ,price #es41 ,,! ,,circle ,,( ,,! ,,ye>2 ,,or1 ,/udies ( ,nature & ,pictures ( ! ,seasons4 ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,,edit$ ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,sword ,,& ,,p51 ,,be=e ,,! ,,conque/1 ,,etc4 ,,op9ions ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,bell's ,weekly ,mess5g]4 ,its purpose is to tell bo? "y & old1 b especially ! =m]1 h[ mu* ( int]e/ !re is 9 ev]y?+ connect$ ) nature1 its res\rces & productions dur+ ! progress ( ! ye>1 & h[1 mon? aft] mon?1 animals1 insects1 trees1 %rubs1 fl[]s1 & ev5 we$s h _! sev]al functions to fill1 & ! mann] ( _! do+ s4444 ,! illu/rations1 :i* are num]\s1 greatly increase ! value ( ! volume4 ,! ,obs]v]4 ,! ,circle ( ! ,ye> is ess5tially a book = ! c\ntry4 ,! t[nsman may inde$ read x to pr(it1 b x w assur$ly raise )9 him a hank]+ to be out 9 ! fields1 w&]+ along ! gre5 lanes among ! trail+ h$ge-fl[]s1 or attempt+ to realize ! curi\s fact t a lily ( ! valley is fir/ c\s9 to an asp>agus4 ,! ,b]wick ,w>d]4 ,x is a heal?y & vigor\s "w1 :i* none c fail to pr(it f4 ,! ,bord] ,adv]tis]4 ,! book is !re=e really :at x pr(esses to be1 a picture ( ! seasons1 & v beautiful & engag+1 _m ( ! pictures be+ drawn 9 f9e sympa?y ) ! outw>d beauty1 & 9 h>mony ) ! inw>d _s ly+ n deeply "u all ,god's beautiful works4 ,! book is lad5 ) f9e ?\ghts & pleas+ obs]vation1 & is a h&some & valuable volume = ! "y4 ,! ,p]? ,adv]tis]4 ,mr ,adams has done 8 "w well4444 ,we might lik5 him to ! ma/] ( a panorama1 only 8 figures are ( ! sublime/ ord]--su* z1 ! procession ( ! seasons on ! e>?1 & ! correspond+ procession ( ! con/ellations 9 ! heav5s4 ,public ,op9ion4 ,! ,circle ( ! ,ye> %\ld be plac$ 9 ! h&s ( all ^? :o are curi\s to "k :at beautiful secrets ! sil5t op]ations ( nature disclose4 ,! ,news ( ! ,_w4 ,a book :i* leads to a contemplation ( nature 9 its v>y+ aspects1 is ( unfail+ int]e/ & attraction2 & j su* a book is ! "o be=e u4444 ,! book is a companion = all seasons ( ! ye>4 ,! ,ab]de5 ,free ,press4 ,! book w be f\nd inde$ a v pleasant & in/ructive "o4 ,! ,ed9burgh ,c\rant4 ,its aim is to tea* ! unsci5tific obs]v] h[ to make use ( 8 eye1--'h[ to look1 & :at to look at2' & to %[ him h[ mu* ( wond] & beauty lies ev]y:]e ar\nd him1 if he c\ld only recognise x4 ,! ,scotsman4 ,! ,circle ( ! ,ye> is a sup]ior class ( gift-book4444 ,x is a lov+ & labori\s exposition ( a great v>iety ( natural ph5om5a1 z !y may be obs]v$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye> by ! /ud5t ( natural hi/ory1 writt5 9 su* a pleas+ /yle1 & adorn$ ) s _m illu/rations1 lit]>y & famili>1 t ! ?\ghtful y\? :o once comm5ces its p]usal1 is c]ta9 to be c>ri$ by x ?r\gh ! :ole cycle ( ! seasons4 ,! ,que54 ,! "w is replete ) int]e/+ obs]vation2 leg5ds connect$ ) ! subjects treat$ ^u are introduc$1 & ! pages are int]sp]s$ ) _m excell5t illu/rations4 ,! ,sunday ,times4 ,! book is *>m+ly got up 9 all respects1 ) good lett]press & abundance ( illu/rations4 ,! ,kelso ,mail4 ,9 a numb] ( daily walks1 a va/ am\nt ( curi\s & in/ructive in=mation is imp>t$ to ! read]1 :o _c leave ^! /udies ( nature )\t be+ wis]1 & p]haps bett] ?an he 0 be=e4 ,! illu/rations are num]\s & excell5t1 ! typography beautiful1 & ! b9d+ elegant4 ,! ,ab]de5 ,j\rnal4 ,! book is f\nd$ on a ,fr5* "w1 ,les ,saisons1 & ! object ( au?or & editor is to tea* ! unsci5tific obs]v] h[ to make use ( 8 eyes--h[ to look1 & :at to look at4 ,! book is writt5 9 a popul> /yle1 befitt+ its pret5sions1 & num]\s woodcuts illu/rate ! text1 :ile poetry is freely us$ ) effect4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,elegantly ,b\nd 9 ,clo? & ,gold1 ,price #es41 ,,sword ,,& ,,p52 ,,or1 ,engli% ,wor?ies 9 ! ,reign ( ,elizabe?4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,circle ,,( ,,! ,,ye>1 ,,be=e ,,! ,,conque/1 ,,etc4 ,,op9ions ,,( ,,! ,,press4 ,! ,morn+ ,adv]tis]4 ,! h&some & /udi\s volume be=e u conta9s memorials ( ! m5 :o f\ght & wrote & m$itat$ "u ,elizabe?1 t we owe ! brighte/ glories ( our lit]ature1 ! rise & p]man5ce ( our p[]1 ! _w-wide expansion ( our comm]ce1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 our national weal?1 :i* is 'p[]4' ,! ,dumfries ,h]ald4 ,! biographies ( ^! m51 compil$ f ! be/ s\rces1 are giv5 9 a lively & int]e/+ /yle1 & no?+1 we fancy1 c\ld be m welcome to ! y\?ful read]s1 = :om ! volume is pr9cipally design$1 ?an ! gift ( su* a book4 ,! ,a!num4 ,9 ! lives ( ,raleigh & ,hawk9s1 ,gilb]t1 ,cav5di%1 ,drake1 ,philip ,sydney1 & ,%akespe>e1 a portion ( ! h]oism & intellect ( ! ,elizabe?an p]iod is "h illu/rat$4444 ,! purpose is s good1 & ! "w s hone/ly done1 t we _c b w>mly comm5d bo?4 ,a m :olesome book = "y read]s we h seldom se54 ,x is "o1 moreov]1 9 :i* fad$ memories may dip & be refre%$4 ,! ,c\rt ,j\rnal4 ,! au?or has be/[$ mu* c>e 9 ! compilation ( ! volume1 ! be/ s\rces ( in=mation only hav+ be5 *os54 ,! ,inv]ness ,c\ri]4 ,! :ole brea!s a heal?y1 manly1 patriotic _s1 :i* e "o mu/ wi% to see fo/]$ among ! y\? ( ?is utilit>ian age4 ,! volume is beautifully pr9t$ & illu/rat$4 ,! ,london ,scotsman4 ,9 ! pla9 b comp>atively accurate record ( ! de$s ( ^! 'brave m5 ( old' :i* ,mr ,adams has furni%$1 !re c be no d\bt t he has done mu* to add to ! in=mation ( 8 old] & to /imulate ! patriotism ( 8 y\ng] read]s4 ,po/ #hvo1 ,elegantly ,b\nd1 ,price #fs41 ,,be=e ,,! ,,conque/2 ,,or1 ,engli% ,wor?ies 9 ! ,old ,engli% ,p]iod4 ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams1 ,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,circle ,,( ,,! ,,ye>1 ,,sword ,,& ,,p51 ,,ev]yday ,,objects1 ,,etc4 ,) ,illu/rations by ,f4 ,b>n>d4 ,,ed9burgh3 ,,william ,p4 ,,nimmo4 ,a ,,selection ,,f ,,catalogue ,,( ,popul> & ,/&>d ,books ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,william ,p4 ,,nimmo1 ,,ed9burgh4 999999 ,complete ,catalogue ( ,mr4 ,,nimmo',s ,publications1 *oicely pr9t$ & elegantly b\nd1 suitable = ! ,libr>y1 ,pres5tation1 & ,s*ool ,prizes1 etc4 etc41 w be =w>d$ gratis1 po/ free1 on application4 ',mr4 ,nimmo's books are well kn[n z m>vels ( *eapness1 elegance1 & /]l+ wor?4'--,,obs]v]4 ,,nimmo',s ,,popul> ,,edition ,,( ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,! ,,poets4 ,9 fcap4 #hvo1 pr9t$ on ton$ pap]1 elegantly b\nd 9 clo? extra1 ) beautifully illum9at$ imitation ivory tablet on side1 price #cs4 #f;d42 also kept 9 clo? extra1 gilt edges1 )\t tablet2 also 9 full calf1 gilt edges1 full gilt back2 9 f9e morocco1 pla91 price #gs4 #f;d4 ,ea* ,volume conta9s a ,memoir1 & is illu/rat$ ) a ,portrait ( ! ,au?or engrav$ on ,/eel1 & num]\s full-page ,illu/rations on ,wood1 f designs by em95t ,arti/s2 also beautiful ,illum9at$ ,title-page4 #a4 ,,longfell[',s ,,poetical ,,works4 #b4 ,,scott',s ,,poetical ,,works4 #c4 ,,byron',s ,,poetical ,,works4 #d4 ,,moore',s ,,poetical ,,works4 #e4 ,,wordswor?',s ,,poetical ,,works4 #f4 ,,c[p]',s ,,poetical ,,works4 ,,nimmo',s ,,popul> ,,edition ,,( ,,! ,,works ,,( ,,! ,,poets1 ,,cont9u$4 #g4 ,,milton',s ,,poetical ,,works4 #h4 ,,?omson',s ,,poetical ,,works4 #i4 ,,goldsmi?',s ,,*oice ,,works4 #aj4 ,,pope',s ,,poetical ,,works4 #aa4 ,,burns' ,,poetical ,,works4 #ab4 ,,! ,,casquet ,,( ,,gems4 ,*oice ,selections f ! ,poets4 #ac4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,humor\s ,,poetry4 #ad4 ,,ballads3 ,scotti% & ,engli%4 #ae4 ,,bunyan',s ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress ,,& ,,holy ,,w>4 #af4 ,,lives ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,poets4 #ag4 ,,! ,,prose ,,works ,,( ,,rob]t ,,burns4 #ah4 ,,poems1 ,,songs1 ,,& ,,ballads ,,( ,,! ,,sea4 99 99 99 99 99 999999 ,?is ,s]ies ( ,books1 f ! v sup]ior mann] 9 :i* x is produc$1 is at once ! *eape/ & h&some/ edition ( ! ,poets 9 ! m>ket4 ,! volumes =m elegant & appropriate ,pres5ts z ,s*ool ,prizes & ,gift-,books1 ei!r 9 clo? or morocco4 ',!y are a m>vel ( *eapness1 "s ( ! volumes ext5d+ to z _m z #gjj1 & ev5 #ijj1 pages1 pr9t$ on ton$ pap] 9 a beautifully cle> type4 ,add to ?is1 t !y are pr(usely illu/rat$ ) wood engrav+s1 are elegantly & ta/efully b\nd1 & t !y are publi%$ at #cs4 #f;d4 ea*1 & our recomm5dation ( !m is complete4'--,scotsman4 ,,nimmo',s ,,select ,,libr>y4 ,new ,s]ies ( ,*oice ,books1 beautifully pr9t$ on sup]f9e pap]1 pr(usely ,illu/rat$ ) orig9al ,engrav+s by ! fir/ ,arti/s1 & elegantly b\nd 9 clo? extra1 pla9 edges1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ea*1 or ri*ly b\nd 9 clo? & gold1 & gilt edges1 price #es4 ea*4 ,,?ird ,,edition4 #a4 ,almo/ ,faultless3 ,a ,/ory ( ! ,pres5t ,day4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ',a ,book = ,gov]nesses4' ',! au?or has writt5 a capital /ory 9 a high moral tone4'--,! ,c\rt ,j\rnal4 ,,second ,,edition4 #b4 ,lives ( ,old ,engli% ,wor?ies be=e ! ,conque/4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams4 ',! au?or's aim is to illum9ate1 :at may be reg>d$ z obscure1 c]ta9 p]iods ( hi/oric ,engl&1 accompani$ ) biographical sket*es4'--,c\rant4 ,,second ,,edition4 #c4 ,e-,day ,objects2 or1 ,picturesque ,aspects ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams4 ,,fif? ,,edition4 #d4 ,my ,s*oolboy ,fri5ds3 ,a ,/ory ( ,:itm9/] ,gramm> ,s*ool4 ,by ,,ascott ,r4 ,,hope1 ,au?or ( ',a ,book ab\t ,dom9ies1' ',/ories ( ,s*ool ,life1' etc4 ',?is is a mo/ int]e/+ book4 ,boys1 = :om x is especially writt51 w ?or\ghly enjoy x4'--,we/m9/] ,review4 ,,second ,,edition4 #e4 ,drift$ & ,sift$3 ,a ,dome/ic ,*ronicle ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ',! au?or ( ?is int]e/+1 & we may add pa!tic1 /ory appe>s to possess ! art ( reproduc+ bygone times ) mu* ability4'--,! ,record4 #f4 ,w>rior1 ,prie/1 & ,/atesman2 or1 ,engli% ,h]oes 9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams4 #g4 ,totty ,te/udo4 ,! ,life & ,wond]ful ,adv5tures ( ,totty ,te/udo4 ,an ,autobiography by ,,flora ,f4 ,,wylde4 ',! book is ( engross+ int]e/1 & ! read] w be a/oni%$1 z he lays x d[n1 to f9d t he has be5 able to get s mu* ent]ta9m5t & in/ruction f ! p]sonal adv5tures ( a tortoise4'--,inv]ness ,c\ri]4 #h4 ,on ,holy ,gr\nd2 or1 ,sc5es & ,incid5ts 9 ! ,l& ( ,promise4 ,by ,,edw9 ,,hodd]1 ,au?or ( ',memories ( ,new ,zeal& ,life1' ',! ,junior ,cl]k1' etc4 ,,nimmo',s ,,cr[n ,,gift ,,books4 ,cr[n #hvo1 beautifully pr9t$ on sup]f9e pap]1 pr(usely ,illu/rat$ by em95t ,arti/s1 9 clo? extra1 pla9 edges1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ea*1 or ri*ly b\nd 9 clo? & gold1 & gilt edges1 price #es4 ea*4 ,,?ird ,,edition4 #a4 ,sword & ,p52 or1 ,engli% ,wor?ies 9 ! ,reign ( ,elizabe?4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams4 ',a m :olesome book = "y read]s we h seldom se54'--,! ,a!num4 ,,second ,,edition4 #b4 ,norrie ,seton2 or1 ,driv5 to ,sea4 ,by ,mrs4 ,george ,cupples1 ,au?or ( ',unexpect$ ,pleasures1' etc4 ',mrs4 ,cupples has giv5 to ! boys 9 ?is volume j ! sort ( sea-/ory ) :i* !y w be delight$4'--,! ,scotsman4 ,,second ,,edition4 #c4 ,! ,circle ( ! ,ye>2 or1 ,/udies ( ,nature & ,pictures ( ! ,seasons4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,dav5port ,,adams4 ',its purpose is to tell bo? "y & old1 b especially ! =m]1 h[ mu* ( int]e/ !re is 9 ev]y?+ connect$ ) ,nature4'--,bell's ,mess5g]4 ,,second ,,edition4 #d4 ,! ,weal? ( ,nature3 ,our ,food ,supplies f ! ,vegetable ,k+dom4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,john ,,montgom]y1 ,a4,m4 ',x w\ld be difficult to put into ! h&s ( any boy or girl a volume :i* m equally comb9es ! in/ructive & int]e/+ 9 lit]ature4'--,n4 ,b4 ,mail4 ,,fif? ,,edition4 #e4 ,/ories ( ,s*ool ,life4 ,by ,ascott ,r4 ,hope4 #f4 ,/ories ( ,fr5* ,s*ool ,life4 ,by ,ascott ,r4 ,hope4 ',we 7 among ! _m :o greatly admir$ ,mr ,hope's ,/ories ( ,s*ool ,life & ,/ories ab\t ,boys1 & :5 we f\nd t he _h und]tak5 to illu/rate ,fr5* s*ool life1 we gladly op5$ ! volume4 ,! /ories are int]e/+ 9 ! highe/ degree2 !y appeal to ! be/ sympa?ies ( ! lads = :om !y are writt54 ,!y set =? ! "r & ! true aga9/ ! false1 & !y are full ( good1 he>ty hum\r4'--,public ,op9ion4 ,,nimmo',s ,,univ]sal ,,gift ,,books4 ,a ,s]ies ( excell5t ,works1 pr(usely ,illu/rat$ ) orig9al ,engrav+s by ! fir/ ,arti/s1 *oicely pr9t$ on sup]f9e pap]1 & elegantly b\nd 9 clo? & gold1 & gilt edges1 cr[n #hvo1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ea*4 #a4 ,tales ( ,old ,engli% ,life2 or1 ,pictures ( ! ,p]iods4 ,by ,,william ,,francis ,,colli]1 ,,ll4,d41 ,au?or ( ',hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature1' etc4 #b4 ,mungo ,p>k's ,life & ,travels4 ,) a ,supplem5t>y ,*apt]1 detail+ ! results ( rec5t ,discov]y 9 ,africa4 #c4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl93 ,a ,biography4 ,f ! celebrat$ ',life' by ,,j>$ ,,sp>ks1 & ! m rec5t & ext5sive ',life & ,times' by ,,james ,,p>ton4 #d4 ,wallace1 ! ,h]o ( ,scotl&3 ,a ,biography4 ,by ,,james ,,pat]son4 #e4 ,m5 ( ,hi/ory4 ,by ,em95t ,writ]s4 #f4 ,wom5 ( ,hi/ory4 ,by ,em95t ,writ]s4 #g4 ,old-,_w ,wor?ies2 or1 ,classical ,biography4 ,select$ f ,,plut>*',s ,,lives4 #h4 ,epo* ,m51 & ! ,results ( _! ,lives4 ,by ,samuel ,,neil4 #i4 ,! ,mirror ( ,"*4 ,select$ f ! ,writ+s ( ,,ov]bury1 ,,e>le1 & ,,butl]4 #aj4 ,wisdom1 ,wit1 & ,allegory4 ,select$ f ',! ,spectator4' #aa4 ,! ,spani% ,inquisition3 ,its ,h]oes & ,m>tyrs4 ,by ,,janet ,,gordon1 ,au?or ( ',*ampions ( ! ,re=mation1' etc4 #ab4 ,! ,improvem5t ( ! ,m9d4 ,by ,isaac ,watts1 ,d4,d4 #ac4 ,! ,man ( ,bus9ess consid]$ 9 ,six ,aspects4 ,a ,book = ,"y ,m54 999999 ,?is elegant & useful ,s]ies ( ,books has be5 specially prep>$ = ,s*ool & ,college ,prizes3 !y are1 h[ev]1 equally suitable = ,g5]al ,pres5tation4 ,9 select+ ! works = ?is ,s]ies1 ! aim ( ! ,publi%] has be5 to produce books ( a p]man5t value1 int]e/+ 9 mann] & in/ructive 9 matt]--books t y\? w read eag]ly & ) pr(it1 & :i* w be f\nd equally attractive 9 aft]-life4 ,,nimmo',s ,,all ,,! ,,ye> ,,r\nd ,,gift ,,books4 ,a s]ies ( ent]ta9+ & in/ructive volumes1 pr(usely ,illu/rat$ ) orig9al ,engrav+s by ! fir/ ,arti/s1 *oicely pr9t$ on sup]f9e pap]1 & elegantly b\nd 9 clo? & gold1 & gilt edges1 cr[n #hvo1 price #cs4 #f;d4 ea*4 #a4 ,*ri/ian ,osborne's ,fri5ds4 ,by ,mrs4 ,h>riet ,mill] ,,davidson1 ,au?or ( ',isobel ,j>d9e's ,hi/ory1' & ,daught] ( ! late ,hugh ,mill]4 #b4 ,r\nd ! ,grange ,f>m2 or1 ,good ,old ,times4 ,by ,,jean ,l4 ,,watson1 ,au?or ( ',bygone ,days 9 our ,village1' etc4 #c4 ,/ories ab\t ,boys4 ,by ,ascott ,r4 ,hope1 ,au?or ( ',/ories ( ,s*ool ,life1' ',my ,s*oolboy ,fri5ds1' etc4 etc4 #d4 ,george's ,enemies3 ,a ,sequel to ',my ,s*oolboy ,fri5ds4' ,by ,,ascott ,r4 ,,hope1 ,au?or ( ',/ories ab\t ,boys1' etc4 etc4 #e4 ,violet ,riv]s2 or1 ,loyal to ,duty4 ,a ,tale = ,girls4 ,by ,,w9ifr$ ,,taylor1 ,au?or ( ',/ory ( ,two ,lives1' etc4 #f4 ,wild ,animals & ,birds3 ,curi\s & ,in/ructive ,/ories ab\t _! ,habits & ,sagacity4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 #g4 ,! ,tw9s ( ,sa9t-,m>cel3 ,a ,tale ( ,p>is ,inc5die4 ,by ,mrs4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,orr1 ,au?or ( ',! ,roseville ,family1' etc4 etc4 #h4 ,rup]t ,ro*e/]1 ! ,bank]'s ,son4 ,a ,tale4 ,by ,,w9ifr$ ,,taylor1 ,au?or ( ',/ory ( ,two ,lives1' etc4 #i4 ,! ,/ory ( ,two ,lives2 or1 ,! ,trials ( ,weal? & ,pov]ty4 ,by ,,w9ifr$ ,,taylor1 ,au?or ( ',rup]t ,ro*e/]1' etc4 #aj4 ,! ,lo/ ,fa!r2 or1 ,cecilia's ,triumph4 ,a ,/ory ( our own ,day4 ,by ,,d>yl ,,holme4 #aa4 ,fri5dly ,fairies2 or1 ,once ^u a ,"t4 #ab4 ,! ,"y ,m\nta9e]2 or1 ,frank ,mill]'s ,lot 9 ,life4 ,! ,/ory ( a ,swiss ,boy4 ,by ,,d>yl ,,holme4 #ac4 ,/ories f ov] ! ,sea4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #ad4 ,! ,/ory ( a ,noble ,life2 or1 ,zuri* & its ,re=m] ,ulric ,zw+le4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,h>dy 7,,janet ,,gordon71 ,au?or ( ',! ,spani% ,inquisition1' ',*ampions ( ! ,re=mation1' etc4 etc4 #ae4 ,/ories ( ,:itm9/]4 ,by ,ascott ,r4 ,hope1 ,au?or ( ',my ,s*oolboy ,fri5ds1' ',/ories ab\t ,boys1' etc4 etc4 999999 ,! object /eadily kept 9 view 9 prep>+ ! above s]ies has be5 to give a collection ( works ( a ?or\ghly heal?y moral tone1 agreeably bl5d+ ent]ta9m5t & in/ruction4 ,x is believ$ ?is end has be5 atta9$1 & t ! sev]al volumes w be f\nd em95tly suitable z ,gift ,books & ,s*ool ,prizes1 besides prov+ ( p]man5t value 9 ! ,home ,libr>y4 ,,nimmo',s ,,half-,,cr[n ,,rew>d ,,books4 ,extra foolscap #hvo1 clo? elegant1 gilt edges1 ,illu/rat$1 price #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 #a4 ,memorable ,w>s ( ,scotl&4 ,by ,patrick ,fras] ,tytl]1 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,au?or ( ',! ,hi/ory ( ,scotl&1' etc4 #b4 ,see+ ! ,_w3 ,a ,"y ,sailor's own ,/ory1 ,by ,,*>les ,,nordh(f1 ,au?or ( ',! ,"y ,man-(-,w>'s-,man4' #c4 ,! ,m>tyr ,mission>y3 ,five ,ye>s 9 ,*9a4 ,by ,rev4 ,,*>les ,p4 ,,bu%1 ,m4,a4 #d4 ,my ,new ,home3 ,a ,woman's ,di>y4 #e4 ,home ,h]o9es3 ,tales = ,girls4 ,by ,t4 ,s4 ,ar?ur1 ,au?or ( ',life's ,crosses1' etc4 #f4 ,lessons f ,wom5's ,lives4 ,by ,s>ah ,j4 ,hale4 #g4 ,! ,roseville ,family4 ,a ,hi/orical ,tale ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,by ,mrs4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,orr1 ,au?or ( ',m\nta9 ,patriots1' etc4 #h4 ,leah4 ,a ,tale ( ,anci5t ,pale/9e4 ,illu/rative ( ! ,/ory ( ,naaman ! ,syrian4 ,by ,mrs4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,orr4 #i4 ,*ampions ( ! ,re=mation3 ,! ,/ories ( _! ,lives4 ,by ,,janet ,,gordon4 #aj4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,two ,w&]]s2 or1 ,ca/ ,adrift4 #aa4 ,beattie's ,poetical ,works4 #ab4 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield4 ,by ,oliv] ,goldsmi?4 #ac4 ,edg> ,allan ,poe's ,poetical ,works4 #ad4 ,! ,m9]'s ,son1 & ,m>g>et ,v]non4 ,by ,m4 ,m4 ,,poll>d1 ,au?or ( ',! ,m9i/]'s ,daught]1' etc4 etc4 #ae4 ,h[ ,frank began to ,climb ! ,ladd]1 & ! ,fri5ds :o l5t him a h&4 ,by ,,*>les ,,bruce1 ,au?or ( ',lame ,felix1' etc4 #af4 ,conrad & ,columb9e4 ,a ,fairy ,tale4 ,by ,james ,,mason4 #ag4 ,aunt ,ann's ,/ories4 ,edit$ by ,l\isa ,l\ghbor\gh4 #ah4 ,! ,sn[-,sweep]s' ,p>ty1 & ! ,tale ( ,old ,tubb9s4 ,by ,r4 ,,/4 ,,john ,,corbet1 ,au?or ( ',m9ce ,pie ,isl&1' etc4 etc4 #ai4 ,! ,/ory ( ,elise ,m>cel4 ,a ,tale = ,girls4 ,,nimmo',s ,two ,%ill+ ,rew>d ,books4 ,foolscap #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 elegantly b\nd 9 clo? extra1 bevell$ bo>ds1 gilt back & side1 gilt edges1 price #bs4 ea*4 #a4 ,! ,f> ,nor?3 ,explorations ,9 ! ,arctic ,regions4 ,by ,,eli%a ,,k5t ,,kane1 ,m4,d4 #b4 ,great ,m5 ( ,european ,hi/ory4 ,f ! ,beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,era till ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,by ,,david ,,pryde1 ,m4,a4 #c4 ,! ,"y ,m5 ( ! ,bible4 ,a ,s]ies ( ,pap]s1 ,biographical & ,sugge/ive4 ,by ,rev4 ,,joseph ,a4 ,,colli]4 #d4 ,! ,blade & ! ,e>3 ,a ,book = ,"y ,m54 #e4 ,mon>*s ( ,ocean3 ,columbus & ,cook4 #f4 ,life's ,crosses1 & ,h[ to ,meet !m4 ,by ,t4 ,s4 ,ar?ur4 #g4 ,a ,fa!r's ,legacy to 8 ,daught]s1 etc4 ,a ,book = ,"y ,wom54 ,by ,dr4 ,,gregory4 #h4 ,m\nta9 ,patriots4 ,a ,tale ( ! ,re=mation 9 ,savoy4 ,by ,mrs4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,orr4 #i4 ,lab\rs ( ,love3 ,a ,tale = ! ,"y4 ,by ,w9ifr$ ,taylor4 #aj4 ,mossdale3 ,a ,tale = ! ,"y4 ,by ,anna ,m4 ,de ,iongh4 #aa4 ,! ,/&>d-,be>]4 ,a ,tale ( ! ,times ( ,con/ant9e ! ,great4 ,by ,,ell5 ,,palm]4 #ab4 ,jacquel9e4 ,a ,/ory ( ! ,re=mation 9 ,holl&4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,h>dy 7,,janet ,,gordon74 ,,nimmo',s ,home & ,s*ool ,rew>d ,books4 ,foolscap #hvo1 ,illu/rat$1 elegantly b\nd 9 clo? extra1 bevell$ bo>ds1 gilt back & side1 gilt edges1 price #bs4 ea*4 #a4 ,lame ,felix4 ,a ,book = ,boys4 ,by ,*>les ,bruce4 #b4 ,picture ,lessons by ! ,div9e ,tea*]2 or1 ,illu/rations ( ! ,p>ables ( our ,"l4 ,by ,,pet] ,,grant1 ,d4,d4 #c4 ,nonna3 ,a ,/ory ( ! ,days ( ,julian ! ,apo/ate4 ,by ,ell5 ,,palm]4 #d4 ,philip ,walton2 or1 ,light at ,la/4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ',meta ,frantz1' etc4 #e4 ,! ,m9i/]'s ,daught]1 & ,old ,an?ony's ,w4 ,tales = ! ,"y4 ,by ,m4 ,m4 ,,poll>d1 ,au?or ( ',! ,m9]'s ,son1' etc4 etc4 #f4 ,! ,two ,si/]s4 ,by ,m4 ,m4 ,poll>d4 #g4 ,a ,ne$le & ,?read3 ,a ,tale = ,girls4 ,by ,emma ,j4 ,b>nes1 ,au?or ( ',fai?ful & ,true1 or ! ,"m's ,legacy4' #h4 ,tak5 ,up3 ,a ,tale = ,boys & ,girls4 ,by ,a4 ,:ymp]4 #i4 ,an ,e>l's ,daught]4 ,by ,m4 ,m4 ,poll>d4 #aj4 ,life at ,h>twell2 or1 ,frank & 8 ,fri5ds4 ,by ,ka?>9e ,e4 ,,may1 ,au?or ( ',alfr$ & 8 ,"m1' etc4 etc4 #aa4 ,/ories ,told 9 a ,fi%]man's ,cottage4 ,by ,ell5 ,palm]1 ,au?or ( ',nonna1' ',! ,/&>d-,be>]1' etc4 etc4 #ab4 ,max ,wild1 ! ,m]*ant's ,son2 & o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,,nimmo',s ,sunday-,s*ool ,rew>d ,books4 ,foolscap #hvo1 clo? extra1 gilt edges1 ,illu/rat$1 price #as4 #f;d4 ea*4 #a4 ,bible ,bless+s4 ,by ,rev4 ,ri*>d ,newton4 #b4 ,"o ,h\r a ,week3 ,fifty-two ,bible ,lessons = ! ,"y4 #c4 ,! ,be/ ,?+s4 ,by ,rev4 ,ri*>d ,newton4 #d4 ,! ,/ory ( ,john ,heywood3 ,a ,tale ( ! ,"t ( ,h>ry ,,viii4 ,by ,,*>les ,,bruce-1 ,au?or ( ',h[ ,frank began to ,climb1' etc4 #e4 ,lessons f ,rose ,hill2 & ,little ,nannette4 #f4 ,great & ,good ,wom53 ,biographies = ,girls4 ,by ,,lydia ,h4 ,,sig\rney4 #g4 ,at ,home & ,abroad2 or1 ,uncle ,william's ,adv5tures4 #h4 ,alfr$ & 8 ,"m2 or1 ,seek+ ! ,k+dom4 ,by ,,ka?>9e ,e4 ,,may4 #i4 ,asriel2 or1 ,! ,cry/al ,cup4 ,by ,mrs4 ,h5d]son4 #aj4 ,! ,k9d ,gov]ness2 or1 ,h[ to make ,home ,happy4 #aa4 ,p]cy & ,ida4 ,by ,ka?>9e ,e4 ,may4 #ab4 ,?ree ,wet ,sundays ) ! ,book ( ,jo%ua4 ,by ,ell5 ,,palm]1 ,au?or ( ',*ri/mas at ! ,beacon1' etc4 etc4 #ac4 ,! ,fi%]m5 ( ,galilee2 or1 ,sunday ,talks ) ,papa4 ,by ,,ell5 ,,palm]4 ,,nimmo',s ,sunday & ,week-,day ,rew>d ,books4 ,foolscap #hvo1 clo? extra1 gilt edges1 ,illu/rat$1 price #as4 #f;d4 ea*4 #a4 ,! ,sculptor ( ,bruges4 ,by ,mrs4 ,w4 ,g4 ,hall4 #b4 ,f ,cottage to ,ca/le2 or1 ,fai?ful 9 ,little4 ,a ,tale f\nd$ on ,fact4 ,by ,m4 ,h41 ,au?or ( ',! ,r$ ,velvet ,bible1' etc4 #c4 ,*ri/mas at ! ,beacon4 ,by ,ell5 ,palm]4 #d4 ,! ,sea & ! ,savages3 ,a ,/ory ( ,adv5ture4 ,by ,,h>old ,,l9coln4 #e4 ,! ,sw$i% ,s+]2 or1 ,! ,/ory ( ,v&a ,ros5dahl4 ,by ,mrs4 ,w4 ,g4 ,,hall4 #f4 ,my ,beautiful ,home2 or1 ,lily's ,se>*4 ,by ,*as4 ,bruce4 #g4 ,! ,/ory ( a ,moss ,rose2 or1 ,ru? & ! ,orphan ,family4 ,by ,,*>les ,,bruce4 #h4 ,summ] ,holidays at ,silv]sea4 ,by ,e4 ,rosalie ,salmon4 #i4 ,fr$ ,graham's ,resolve4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ',mat & ,s(ie4' #aj4 ,wilton ,s*ool2 or1 ,h>ry ,campbell's ,rev5ge4 ,a ,tale4 ,by ,f4 ,e4 ,,wea!rly4 #aa4 ,grace ,h>vey & h] ,c\s9s4 #ab4 ,bl9d ,m]cy2 & o!r ,tales4 ,by ,g]trude ,crock=d4 #ac4 ,evan ,l9dsay4 ,by ,m>g>et ,fras] ,tytl]1 ,au?or ( ',tales ( ,good & ,great ,k+s1' ',tales ( ! ,great & ,brave1' etc4 ,nimmo's ,"o ,%ill+ ,fav\rite ,rew>d ,books4 ,demy #ahmo1 ,illu/rat$1 clo? extra1 price #as4 ea*2 also 9 gilt side & edges1 price #as4 #f;d4 ea*4 #a4 ,! ,vic> ( ,wakefield4 ,poems & ,essays4 ,by ,,oliv] ,,goldsmi?4 #b4 sop's ,fables1 ,) ,in/ructive ,applications4 ,by ,dr4 ,,croxall4 #c4 ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress4 #d4 ,! ,"y ,man-(-,w>'s-,man3 ,a ,boy's ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w4 ,by ,,*>les ,,nordh(f4 #e4 ,! ,treasury ( ,anecdote3 ,moral & ,religi\s4 #f4 ,! ,boy's ,own ,work%op2 or1 ,! ,"y ,c>p5t]s4 ,by ,,jacob ,,abbott4 #g4 ,! ,life & ,adv5tures ( ,rob9son ,crusoe4 #h4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,s&=d & ,m]ton4 ,a ,moral & ,in/ructive ,lesson = ,"y ,p]sons4 #i4 ,ev5+s at ,home2 or1 ,! ,juv5ile ,budget ,op5$4 ,consi/+ ( a v>iety ( ,miscellane\s ,pieces = ! ,in/ruction & ,amusem5t ( ,"y ,p]sons4 ,by ,dr4 ,,aik9 & ,mrs4 ,,b>bauld4 #aj4 ,unexpect$ ,pleasures2 or1 ,left alone 9 ! ,holidays4 ,by ,mrs4 ,,george ,,cupples1 ,au?or ( ',norrie ,seton1' etc4 #aa4 ,! ,beauties ( ,%akespe>e4 ,) a ,g5]al ,index by ! ,rev4 ,,william ,,dodd1 ,,ll4,d4 #ab4 ,gems f ',! ,spectator4' ,a ,selection f ! mo/ admir$ ,writ+s ( ,addison & ,/eele4 #ac4 ,burns' ,poetical ,works4 ,) a ,complete ,gloss>y4 #ad4 ,! ,sket* ,book4 ,by ,wa%+ton ,,irv+4 999999 ,! above ,s]ies ( elegant & useful books is specially prep>$ = ! ent]ta9m5t & in/ruction ( "y p]sons4 ,nimmo's ,popul> ,religi\s ,gift ,books4 #ahmo1 f9ely pr9t$ on ton$ pap]1 h&somely b\nd 9 clo? extra1 price #as4 ea*4 #a4 ,across ! ,riv]3 ,twelve ,views ( ,heav54 ,by ,norman ,,macleod1 ,d4,d42 ,r4 ,w4 ,,hamilton1 ,d4,d42 ,,rob]t ,s4 ,,c&li%1 ,d4,d42 ,,james ,,hamilton1 ,d4,d42 etc4 etc4 #b4 ,emblems ( ,jesus2 or1 ,illu/rations ( ,emmanuel's ,"* & ,"w4 #c4 ,life ,?\ghts ( ,em95t ,*ri/ians4 #d4 ,com=t = ! ,despond+2 or1 ,words to ,soo! & ,*e] ,tr\bl$ ,he>ts4 #e4 ,! ,*a/5+ ( ,love3 ,words ( ,consolation = ! ,*ri/ian ,m\rn]4 ,by ,,joseph ,,p>k]1 ,d4,d41 ,man*e/]4 #f4 ,! ,c$> ,*ri/ian1 & o!r ,practical ,pap]s4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,!odore ,l4 ,,cuyl]4 #g4 ,consolation = ,*ri/ian ,mo!rs ,b]eav$ ( ,little ,*ildr54 ,by ,a ,,fri5d ,,( ,,m\rn]s4 #h4 ,! ,orphan2 or1 ,words ( ,com=t = ! ,fa!rless & ,mo!rless4 #i4 ,gladd5+ ,/reams2 or1 ,! ,wat]s ( ! ,sanctu>y4 ,a ,book = ,fragm5ts ( ,"t on ea* ,"l's ,day ( ! ,ye>4 #aj4 ,_s ( ! ,old ,div9es4 #aa4 ,*oice ,glean+s f ,sacr$ ,writ]s4 #ab4 ,direction 9 ,pray]2 or1 ,! ,"l's ,pray] ,illu/rat$ 9 a ,s]ies ( ,expositions4 ,by ,,pet] ,,grant1 ,d4,d4 #ac4 ,scripture ,imag]y4 ,by ,pet] ,grant1 ,d4,d41 ,au?or ( ',emblems ( ,jesus1' etc14 ,,nimmo',s ,,"o ,,%ill+ ,,illu/rat$ ,,juv5ile ,,books4 ,foolscap #hvo1 ,col\r$ ,frontispieces1 h&somely b\nd 9 clo?1 ,illum9at$1 price #as4 ea*4 #a4 ,f\r ,little ,p & _! ,fri5ds4 #b4 ,elizabe?2 or1 ,! ,exiles ( ,sib]ia4 ,a ,tale f ! ,fr5* ( ,madame ,,cott94 #c4 ,paul & ,virg9ia4 ,f ! ,fr5* ( ,,b]n>d9 ,,sa9t-,,pi]re4 #d4 ,little ,?reads3 ,tangle ,?read1 ,gold5 ,?read1 & ,silv] ,?read4 #e4 ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ! ,pr9t] ,boy4 #f4 ,b>ton ,todd1 & ,! ,"y ,lawy]4 #g4 ,! ,p]ils ( ,greatness3 ,! ,/ory ( ,alex&] ,m5zik(f4 #h4 ,little ,cr[ns1 & ,h[ to ,w9 !m4 ,by ,rev4 ,,joseph ,a4 ,,colli]4 #i4 ,great ,ri*es3 ,nelly ,riv]s' ,/ory4 ,by ,aunt ,,fanny4 #aj4 ,! ,"r ,way1 & ,! ,contra/4 #aa4 ,! ,daisy's ,fir/ ,w9t]4 ,& o!r ,/ories4 ,by ,,h>riet ,,bee*] ,,/[e4 #ab4 ,! ,man ( ! ,m\nta94 ,& o!r ,/ories4 #ac4 ,bett] ?an ,rubies4 ,/ories = ! ,"y1 ,illu/rative ( ,famili> ,prov]bs4 ,) #fb ,illu/rations4 #ad4 ,exp]i5ce ,tea*es4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y1 ,illu/rative ( ,famili> ,prov]bs4 ,) #ci ,illu/rations4 #ae4 ,! ,happy ,recov]y4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,) #bf ,illu/rations4 #af4 ,gratitude & ,probity4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,) #ba ,illu/rations4 #ag4 ,! ,two ,bro!rs4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,) #ac ,illu/rations4 #ah4 ,! ,"y ,orator4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,) #i ,illu/rations4 #ai4 ,simple ,/ories to ,amuse & ,in/ruct ,"y ,read]s4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #bj4 ,! ,?ree ,fri5ds4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #ba4 ,sybil's ,sacrifice4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 #bb4 ,! ,old ,%eph]d4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #bc4 ,! ,"y ,(fic]4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #bd4 ,! ,false ,heir4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,) ,illu/rations4 #be4 ,! ,old ,f>mh\se2 or1 ,alice ,morton's ,home4 ,& o!r ,/ories4 ,by ,m4 ,m4 ,,poll>d4 #bf4 ,twy=d ,hall2 or1 ,rosa's ,*ri/mas ,d9n]1 & :at %e did ) x4 ,by ,,*>les ,,bruce4 #bg4 ,! ,discont5t$ ,wea!rcock4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ,*ildr54 ,by ,m4 ,,jones4 #bh4 ,out at ,sea1 & o!r ,/ories4 ,by ,two ,au?ors4 #bi4 ,! ,/ory ( ,wat]loo2 or1 ,! ,fall ( ,,napoleon4 #cj4 ,si/] ,jane's ,little ,/ories4 ,edit$ by ,l\isa ,,l\ghbor\gh4 ,,nimmo',s ,,n9ep5ny ,,s]ies ,,= ,,boys ,,& ,,girls4 ,9 demy #ahmo1 ) ,illu/rations1 elegantly b\nd 9 clo?4 ,?is ,s]ies ( ,books w be f\nd unequall$ = g5u9e int]e/ & value1 & x is believ$ !y w be eag]ly welcom$ by ?\ghtful *ildr5 ( bo? sexes4 ,p>5ts may re/ assur$ t ea* ,volume tea*es "s noble lesson1 or en=ces "s valuable tru?4 #a4 ,9 ! ,brave ,days ( ,old2 or1 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,spani% ,armada4 ,= ,boys & ,girls4 #b4 ,! ,lo/ ,ruby4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ',! ,basket ( ,fl[]s1' etc4 #c4 ,leslie ,ross2 or1 ,fond ( a ,l>k4 ,by ,*>les ,bruce4 #d4 ,my ,fir/ & ,la/ ,voyage4 ,by ,b5jam9 ,cl>ke4 #e4 ,little ,katie3 ,a ,fairy ,/ory4 ,by ,*>les ,bruce4 #f4 ,be+ ,afraid4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,by ,,*>les ,,/u>t4 #g4 ,! ,toll-,keep]s4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,by ,,b5jam9 ,,cl>ke4 #h4 ,dick ,b>=d3 ,a ,boy :o w\ld g d[n ,hill4 ,by ,,*>les ,,bruce4 #i4 ,joan ( ,arc2 or1 ,! ,/ory ( a ,noble ,life4 ,writt5 = ,girls4 #aj4 ,hel5 ,siddal3 ,a ,/ory = ,*ildr54 ,by ,ell5 ,palm]4 #aa4 ,mat & ,s(ie3 ,a ,/ory = ,boys & ,girls4 #ab4 ,peace & ,w>4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ',! ,basket ( ,fl[]s1' etc4 #ac4 ,p]il\s ,adv5tures ( a ,fr5* ,soldi] 9 ,alg]ia4 #ad4 ,! ,magic ,glass2 or1 ,! ,secret ( ,happ9ess4 #ae4 ,hawks' ,d5e3 ,a ,tale = ,*ildr54 ,by ,ka?>9e ,e4 ,,may4 #af4 ,little ,maggie4 ,& o!r ,/ories4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ',! ,joy ( ,well-,do+1' etc4 etc4 #ag4 ,! ,bro!r's ,legacy2 or1 ,bett] ?an ,gold4 ,by ,m4 ,m4 ,,poll>d4 #ah4 ,! ,little ,si/]s2 or1 ,jeal\sy4 ,& o!r ,/ories = ! ,"y4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ',little ,tales = ,t9y ,tots1' etc4 #ai4 ,kate's ,new ,home4 ,by ,cecil ,scott1 ,au?or ( ',*ryssie ,lyle1' etc4 ,,new ,,works4 ,,new ,,edition ,,( ,,! ,,ed9a ,,burns4 ,9 cr[n #dto1 price #abs4 #f;d41 elegantly b\nd 9 clo?1 extra gilt & gilt edges1 also 9 ,turkey morocco antique1 v h&some1 #dbs41 ! popul> ,draw+-room ,edition ( ! ,poems & ,songs by ,rob]t ,burns4 ,) ,illu/rations by ,r4 ,,h]dman1 ,,wall] ,h4 ,,paton1 ,,sam4 ,,b\gh1 ,,g\rlay ,,/eell1 ,d4 ,o4 ,,hill1 ,j4 ,m',,:irt]1 & o!r em95t ,scotti% ,arti/s4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,elev5? ,?\s&4 ,9 demy #hvo1 clo? elegant1 ri*ly gilt1 price #gs4 #f;d41 or 9 ,turkey morocco antique1 #bas41 ,?+s a ,lady w\ld ,l to ,"k1 conc]n+ ,dome/ic ,managem5t & ,exp5diture1 arrang$ = ,daily ,ref]5ce4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,s\?gate1 ,au?or ( ',_m ,?\ghts ( ,_m ,m9ds1' ',noble ,?\ghts 9 ,noble ,language1' ',gone ,be=e1' ',! ,bridal ,b\quet1' etc4 etc4 ,t5? ,?\s&4 ,9 cr[n #hvo1 beautifully b\nd 9 clo? extra1 full ( ,engrav+s & ,col\r$ ,pictures1 price #cs4 #f;d41 or gilt edges price #ds41 ,?ree ,hundr$ ,bible ,/ories & ,?ree ,hundr$ ,bible ,pictures4 ,a ,pictorial ,sunday ,book = ! ,"y4 ,! ,excelsior ,edition ( ,%akespe>e's ,complete ,works4 ,9 l>ge demy #hvo1 ) ,/eel ,portrait & ,vignette1 h&somely b\nd1 price #es41 ,%akespe>e's ,complete ,works4 ,) a ,biographical ,sket* by ,,m>y ,,c[d5 ,,cl>ke1 a ,copi\s ,gloss>y1 & num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,! ,excelsior ,edition ( ,:i/on's ,josephus4 ,9 l>ge demy #hvo1 ) ,/eel ,portrait & ,vignette1 h&somely b\nd1 price #es41 ,! ,:ole ,works ( ,flavius ,josephus1 ! ,jewi% ,hi/orian4 ,) ,life1 ,portrait1 ,notes1 ,index1 etc4 ,,! ,,wav]ley ,,novels4 ,,entirely ,,new ,,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ) ,frontispiece & ,vignette1 9 elegant wrapp] pr9t$ 9 col\rs1 price #as4 ea*4 ,also1 9 ,tw5ty-six volumes1 clo? extra1 full gilt back1 price #bs4 p] volume2 & 9 ,?irte5 d\ble volumes1 roxburgh /yle1 gilt top1 price #cs4 #f;d4 p] volume4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,p4 ,,hately ,,waddell1 ,,ll4,d4 ,) ,notes1 ,biographical & ,critical1 & a ,gloss>y ( ,scot* ,words & ,=eign ,phrases = ea* ,novel4 #a4 ,wav]ley2 or1 '',tis ,sixty ,ye>s ,s9ce4' #b4 ,guy ,mann]+2 or1 ,! ,a/rolog]4 #c4 ,! ,antiqu>y4 #d4 ,rob ,roy4 #e4 ,old ,mortality4 #f4 ,! ,black ,dw>f1 & ,a ,leg5d ( ,montrose4 #g4 ,! ,bride ( ,lamm]moor4 #h4 ,! ,he>t ( ,mid-,lo?ian4 #i4 ,ivanhoe3 ,a ,romance4 #aj4 ,! ,mona/]y4 #aa4 ,! ,abbot3 ,a ,sequel4 #ab4 ,k5ilwor?4 #ac4 ,! ,pirate4 #ad4 ,! ,=tunes ( ,nigel4 #ae4 ,pev]il ( ! ,peak4 #af4 ,qu5t9 ,durw>d4 #ag4 ,/4 ,ronan's ,well4 #ah4 ,r$gauntlet4 #ai4 ,! ,betro!d4 #bj4 ,! ,talisman3 ,a ,tale ( ! ,crusad]s4 #ba4 ,wood/ock2 or1 ,! ,cavali]4 #bb4 ,! ,fair ,maid ( ,p]?2 or1 ,/4 ,val5t9e's ,day4 #bc4 ,anne ( ,gei]/e92 or1 ,! ,maid5 ( ! ,mi/4 #bd4 ,c\nt ,rob]t ( ,p>is4 #be4 ,! ,surgeon's ,daught]1 & ,ca/le ,dang]\s4 #bf4 ,! ,highl& ,wid[1 & my ,aunt ,m>g>et's ,mirror4 ,) an int]e/+ summ>is$ acc\nt ( ! ,scott ,c5t5>y4 ,! above may also be _h 9 sub/antial half-calf b9d+s4 ,,nimmo',s ,,national ,,libr>y4 ,j ready1 9 cr[n #hvo1 ) ,/eel ,frontispiece & ,vignette1 h&somely b\nd1 clo? extra1 price #es4 ea*2 also 9 full gilt side1 back1 & edges1 price #fs4 ea*4 ,sev5? ,?\s&4 ,! ,engli% ,circumnavigators3 ,! mo/ rem>kable ,voyages r\nd ! ,_w by ,engli% ,sailors4 7,drake1 ,dampi]1 ,anson1 & ,cook's ,voyages47 ,) a ,prelim9>y ,sket* ( _! ,lives & ,discov]ies4 ,edit$1 ) ,notes1 ,maps1 etc41 by ,,david ,,la+ ,,purves & ,r4 ,,co*rane4 ,! ,book ( ,adv5ture & ,p]il4 ,a ,record ( ,h]oism & ,endurance on ,sea & ,l&4 ,compil$ & ,edit$ by ,,*>les ,,bruce1 ,editor ( ',sea ,songs & ,ballads1' ',! ,bir?day ,book ( ,prov]bs1' etc4 ,! ,great ,triumphs ( ,great ,m54 ,edit$ by ,,james ,,mason4 ,illu/rat$4 ,great ,hi/orical ,mut9ies1 compris+ ! ,/ory ( ! ,mut9y ( ! ',b\nty1' ! ,mut9y at ,spi!ad & ! ,nore1 ! ,mut9ies ( ! ,highl& ,regim5ts1 & ! ,indian ,mut9y1 etc4 ,edit$ by ,,david ,,h]b]t1 ,m4,a4 ,fam\s ,hi/orical ,sc5es f ,?ree ,c5turies4 ,pictures ( celebrat$ ev5ts f ! ,re=mation to ! end ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,select$ f ! works ( ,/&>d ,au?ors by ,a4 ,r4 ,,hope ,,moncrieff4 ,! ,engli% ,explor]s2 compris+ details ( ! m fam\s ,travels by ,m&eville1 ,bruce1 ,p>k1 & ,liv+/one4 ,) ,map ( ,africa & ,*apt] on ,arctic ,exploration4 ,! ,book = ,e ,day2 conta9+ an ,inexhau/ible ,/ore ( ,amus+ & ,in/ructive ,articles4 ,edit$ by ,,james ,,mason4 ,! ,book ( ,noble ,engli%wom53 ,lives made ,illu/ri\s by ,h]oism1 ,goodness1 & ,great ,atta9m5ts4 ,edit$ by ,,*>les ,,bruce4 ,a ,hundr$ ,wond]s ( ! ,_w 9 ,nature & ,art1 describ$ accord+ to ! late/ ,au?orities1 & pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,edit$ by ,,john ,,small1 ,m4,a4 ,o!r ,popul> & ,/&>d ,volumes 9 prep>ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,transcrib] notes3 ,! equals sign is us$ to surr\nd bold text2 und]scores to surr\nd italic text4 ,correct$ v>i\s punctuation4 ,p4#bd4 ',ptolemoeus' *ang$ to ',ptolemu'4 ,p4#ahg4 ,t 7l>ge d[n tack7 ma!matical symbol4 ,p4#ahg4 ,heiroglyphics ,! ,ankh symbol4 ,p4#beb4 ',fig4 #eg4' *ang$ to 'fig4 #ef4'4 ,p4#bed4 ',fig4 #ce4' *ang$ to 'fig4 #eh4'4 ,p4#chi4 'ramificacations' *ang$ to 'ramifications'4 ,p4#cij4 'disord]d' *ang$ to 'disord]$'4 ,p4#dbg4 ',)]s' *ang$ to ',)]'4 ,index3 ,voltaire1 '#gac' is p4#aac1 *ang$4 ,!re are diff]5ce cu/oms betwe5 titles ,mr 7,briti%7 & ,mr4 7,am]ican7 & ! correspond+ ,mrs 7,briti%7 & ,mrs4 7,am]ican7 f\nd 9 ?is books1 s ! only title ) a p]iod is f\nd 9 ! adds = consi/5cy1 z 9 ! book4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------