,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,comp>$ to ! orig9al1 "s alt]ations 7 made3 ,typos -,! ^w greal 0 *ang$ to great page #dbg4 -,! ^w some:[ 0 *ang$ to someh[ page #dbh4 -,price 9 ,li/ ( ,publications is miss+ 9 ,volume #f1 ,edition #b4 ,a ,"q m>k 0 add$4 ,readability -,all footnotes 7 mov$ to ! end ( ! *apt]4 ,because ( ?is reposition+1 ,footnote #aj ref]s to ,page #dad ) ! phrase ,see bel[1 :i*1 9 ?is v]sion1 %\ld be3 ,see above4 -,em-da%es 7 add$ to empty spots ( translit]at$ text = cl>ity page #dab4 ,^! are n 9 ! orig9al4 ,consi/5cy -,inconsi/5cies 9 spell+ 7 reta9$4 ,h[ev]1 ,! em-da% 9 ! ,section ,head+ call$ ,fire ,eat+ ,page #dah 0 delet$ to make x correspond to ! ,table ( ,cont5ts 7no em-da% !re67 ,page #cig4 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia ,,publications ,,9 ,,am]ican ,,ar*aeology ,,& ,,e?nology ,vol4 #ab1 ,no4 #aj1 pp4 #cig-dda1 #h text-figures ,july #f1 #aiag ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,! ,,pomo ,,indians ,,by ,s4,a4 ,,b>rett ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia ,,press ,,b]keley ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia ,,publications ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,an?ropology ,! foll[+ publications deal+ ) ar*aeological & e?nological subjects issu$ "u ! direction ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,an?ropology are s5t 9 ex*ange = ! publications ( an?ropological dep>tm5ts & museums1 & = j\rnals devot$ to g5]al an?ropology or to ar*aeology & e?nology4 ,!y are = sale at ! prices /at$4 ,ex*anges %\ld be direct$ to ,! ,ex*ange ,dep>tm5t1 ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 ,b]keley1 ,cali=nia1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,all ord]s & remittances %\ld be address$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia ,press4 ,european ag5t = ! s]ies 9 ,am]ican ,ar*aeology & ,e?nology1 ,classical ,philology1 ,education1 ,mod]n ,philology1 ,philosophy1 & ,semitic ,philology1 ,otto ,h>rass[itz1 ,leipzig4 ,= ! s]ies 9 ,botany1 ,geology1 ,pa?ology1 ,physiology1 ,zoology & also ,am]ican ,ar*aeology & ,e?nology1 ,r4 ,fri$la5d] ,sohn1 ,b]l94 ,,am]ican ,,ar*aeology ,,& ,,e?nology4--,a4,l4 ,kroeb]1 ,editor4 ,prices1 ,volume #a1 #d4be2 ,volumes #b to #aa1 inclusive1 #c4ej ea*2 ,volume #ab & foll[+ #e4jj ea*4 ,cit$ z ,univ4 ,calif4 ,publ4 ,am4 ,ar*4 ,e?n4 ,price ,vol4 #a4 #a4 ,life & ,culture ( ! ,hupa1 by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #a-hh2 plates #a-cj4 ,septemb]1 #aijc #a4be #b4 ,hupa ,texts1 by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #hi-cfh4 ,m>*1 #aijd #c4jj ,index1 pp4 #cfi-cgh4 ,vol4 #b4 #a4 ,! ,exploration ( ! ,pott] ,creek ,cave1 by ,william ,j4 ,s9clair4 ,pp4 #a-bg2 plates #a-ad4 ,april1 #aijd 4#dj #b4 ,! ,languages ( ! ,coa/ ( ,cali=nia ,s\? ( ,san ,francisco1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #bi-hj1 ) a map4 ,june1 #aijd 4#fj #c4 ,types ( ,indian ,culture 9 ,cali=nia1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #ha-ajc4 ,june1 #aijd 4#be #d4 ,basket ,designs ( ! ,indians ( ,nor?we/]n ,cali=nia1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #aje-afd2 plates #ae-ba4 ,janu>y1 #aije 4#ge #e4 ,! ,yokuts ,language ( ,s\? ,c5tral ,cali=nia1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #afe-cgg4 ,janu>y1 #aijg #b4be ,index1 pp4 #cgi-cib4 ,vol4 #c4 #a4 ,! ,morphology ( ! ,hupa ,language1 by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 #cdd pp4 ,june1 #aije #c4ej ,vol4 #d4 #a4 ,! ,e>lie/ ,hi/orical ,relations betwe5 ,mexico & ,japan1 f orig9al docum5ts pres]v$ 9 ,spa9 & ,japan1 by ,zelia ,nuttall4 ,pp4 #a-dg4 ,april1 #aijf 4#ej #b4 ,contribution to ! ,physical ,an?ropology ( ,cali=nia1 bas$ on collections 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,an?ropology ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia1 & 9 ! ,u4,s4 ,national ,museum1 by ,ales ,hrdlicka4 ,pp4 #di-fd1 ) #e tables2 plates #a-aj1 & map4 ,june1 #aijf 4#ge #c4 ,! ,%o%onean ,dialects ( ,cali=nia1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #fe-aff4 ,febru>y1 #aijg #a4ej #d4 ,indian ,my?s f ,s\? ,c5tral ,cali=nia1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #afg-bej4 ,may1 #aijg 4#ge #e4 ,! ,wa%o ,language ( ,ea/ ,c5tral ,cali=nia & ,nevada1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #bea-cah4 ,septemb]1 #aijg 4#ge #f4 ,! ,religion ( ! ,indians ( ,cali=nia1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #cai-cef4 ,septemb]1 #aijg 4#ej ,index1 pp4 #ceg-cgd4 ,vol4 #e4 #a4 ,! ,phonology ( ! ,hupa ,language2 ,"p ,i1 ,! ,individual ,s\nds1 by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #a-bj1 plates #a-h4 ,m>*1 #aijg 4#ce #b4 ,navaho ,my?s1 ,pray]s & ,songs1 ) ,texts & ,translations1 by ,wa%+ton ,mat!ws1 edit$ by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #ba-fc4 ,septemb]1 #aijg 4#ge #c4 ,kato ,texts1 by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #fe-bch1 plate #i4 ,decemb]1 #aiji #b4ej #d4 ,! ,mat]ial ,culture ( ! ,klama? ,lake & ,modoc ,indians ( ,nor!a/]n ,cali=nia & ,s\!rn ,oregon1 by ,s4,a4 ,b>rett4 ,pp4 #bci-bib1 plates #aj-be4 ,june1 #aiaj 4#ge #e4 ,! ,*im>iko ,indians & ,language1 by ,rol& ,b4 ,dixon4 ,pp4 #bic-chj4 ,augu/1 #aiaj #a4jj ,index1 pp4 #cha-chd4 ,vol4 #f4 #a4 ,! ,e?no-,geography ( ! ,pomo & ,neighbor+ ,indians1 by ,samuel ,alfr$ ,b>rett4 ,pp4 #a-ccb1 maps #a-b4 ,febru>y1 #aijh #c4be #b4 ,! ,geography & ,dialects ( ! ,miwok ,indians1 by ,samuel ,alfr$ ,b>rett4 ,pp4 #ccc-cfh1 map #c4 8 #c4 ,on ! ,evid5ce ( ! ,occupation ( ,c]ta9 ,regions by ! ,miwok ,indians1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #cfi-chj4 ,nos4 #b & #c 9 "o cov]4 ,febru>y1 #aijh 4#ej ,index1 pp4 #cha-djj4 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,cali=nia ,,publications ,,9 ,,am]ican ,,ar*aeology ,,& ,,e?nology ,vol4 #ab1 ,no4 #aj1 pp4 #cig-dda1 #h text-figures ,july #f1 #aiag ,,c]emonies ,,( ,,! ,,pomo ,,indians ,,by ,s4,a4 ,,b>rett ,,cont5ts ,,page ,introduction #cig ,c]emonial organization #cih ,(ficials #cii ,g5]al ,features ( ! ,pomo ,c]emonies #dja ,invitations to ,c]emonies #djb ,! ,gho/ or ,devil ,c]emony #djc ,/eph5 ,p[]s on ! ,gho/ ,dance #djd ,! ,gho/ ,c]emony ,prop] #djf ,fire ,eat+ #dah ,! ,purification ,rite #dba ,summ>y ( ! ,pr9cipal ,features ( ! ,gho/ ,c]emony #dbb ,! ,guksu ,c]emony #dbc ,! ,sc>ify+ ,c]emony #dbe ,/eph5 ,p[]s on ! ,guksu ,c]emony #dbg ,completion ( ! ,guksu ,c]emony #dbi ,treatm5t ( ,disease #dcj ,dances #dca ,dances 9 :i* ,m5 & ,wom5 ,p>ticipat$ #dcc ,dances 9 :i* only ,m5 p]=m$ #dch ,dances 9 :i* only ,wom5 p]=m$ #dci ,additional ,dances #ddj ,! ,messiah ,cult #ddj ,conclusion #dda ,,introduction ,x has be5 at lea/ tw5ty ye>s s9ce ! la/ ( ! ,pomo c]emonies 0 held 9 a truly aborig9al fa%ion4 ,elaborate c]emonies ( a m rec5tly introduc$ ,messiah cult 7 held z late z p]haps fifte5 ye>s ago1 b ^! ,messiah c]emonies conta9 only a few features common to ! indig5\s tribal obs]vances4 ,dances are ev5 yet to be se5 9 connection ) "s celebrations1 pr9cipally on ! ,f\r? ( ,july1 b !re n[ rema9s s little t is really primitive ab\t ^! t !y are virtually wor?less to ! /ud5t4 ,in=mation obta9$ ?r\gh direct obs]vation is at pres5t1 !re=e1 impossible1 & we mu/ dep5d = our k ( ,pomo c]emonies & c]emonial organization ^u ! /atem5ts ( ! old] m51 & p>ticul>ly ^? conc]n$ ) su* matt]s 9 =m] days4 ,f su* s\rces r full in=mation conc]n+ "s ( ! c]emonies & dances is obta9able1 b1 "u ! circum/ances1 x is impossible to secure exhau/ive data conc]n+ all ( !m4 ,9 _m in/ances in=mants recall only a few ( ! details ( a giv5 c]emony or dance4 ,sometimes only its "n is rememb]$4 ,d\btless ev5 ! recollection ( "s c]emonies & dances has be5 lo/4 ,dur+ a resid5ce 9 ! ,pomo region f #ahib to #aijd ! exi/+ ve/iges ( "s ( ^! ,pomo c]emonies 7 obs]v$ :5ev] possible1 b no attempt at a sy/ematic collection ( data on ! subject 0 made until #aijc & #aijd1 :5 ?is "w 0 und]tak5 9 conjunction ) ! collection ( ,pomo my?s1 z "p ( ! inve/igations ( ! ,e?nological & ,ar*aeological ,survey ( ,cali=nia1 ma9ta9$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,an?ropology ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,cali=nia ?r\gh ! g5]osity ( ,mrs4 ,phoebe ,a4 ,he>/4 ,?is in=mation 0 obta9$ f in=mants ( ?ree ,pomo dialects--,nor!rn1 ,c5tral1 & ,ea/]n4 ,:]e a native t]m is us$ 9 ! foll[+ pages1 !re=e1 ! dialect is indicat$ by ,n1 ,c1 or ,e1 9 p>5!ses directly aft] x4 ,! phonetic sy/em employ$ is fully expla9$ 9 ,! ,e?no-,geography ( ! ,pomo ,indians4#a ,,c]emonial ,,organization ,! c]emonial organization ( ! ,pomo 0 v loose4 ,!re 0 no secret society ( importance1 z !re 0 among ! ,maidu & presumably among ! neighbor+ ,w9tun1 & no organiz$ prie/hood ve/$ ) control ov] c]emonies4 ,! ord9>y *iefs1 h[ev] 7or capta9s1 z !y are m (t5 call$71 7 prom95tly conc]n$ ) all c]emonies1 & !re 7 o!r (ficials 9 *>ge ( p>ticul> rites4 ,we may beg9 !re=e by m5tion+ ! v>i\s (ficials 9 ! ord] ( _! importance4 ,,(ficials ,z has be5 else:]e po9t$ out1#b ! social organization ( ! ,pomo is bas$ prim>ily ^u blood relation%ip1 ! blood relatives :o resid$ 9 a def9ite village gr\p+ !mselves into a political unit "u ! lead]%ip ( an h]$it>y capta94 ,usually sev]al ( ^! consangu9eal units comprise a village1 & _! capta9s =m its gov]n+ body4 ,f among ^! ! p elect a head capta94 ,n ev5 ! head capta9 has absolute au?ority1 nor has any capta9 important judicial p[]1 or p[] to inflict puni%m5t4 ,9 %ort1 ! function ( ! capta9 is prim>ily t ( advis] to ! gr\p4 ,! special duties ( ! head capta9 9 old5 times 7 to welcome & ent]ta9 visitors f o!r villages1 & to meet 9 c\ncil ) ! o!r capta9s conc]n+ matt]s ( g5]al public welf>e1 & to arrange = & preside ov] c]emonies4 ,:at may be t]m$ an honor>y capta9%ip 0 accord$ any man :o1 ?r\gh 8 weal? or 8 pr[ess z a hunt]1 made himself v popul> by provid+ l>ge quantities ( food & num]\s fea/s = ! p4 ,a simil> honor>y (fice1 t ( female capta91 da xalik 7,e71 0 bas$ ^u a woman's popul>ity1 :i* dep5d$ 9 turn on h] good-he>t$ness & h] fame z a cook4 ,nei!r ( ^! honor>y (fices1 h[ev]1 0 h]$it>y4 ,9 spite ( ! ambigu\s nature ( ! (fice1 incumb5ts 7 accord$ great respect at c]emonies & o!r public functions4 ,! o!r (ficials _h duties almo/1 if n q1 exclusively connect$ ) c]emonies & _h no?+ directly to d ) gov]nm5tal affairs4 ,we may recognize ! fire-t5d]s1 ! head s+]s1 ! *orus s+]s1 ! drumm]s1 & ! ma/]s ( c]emonies4 ,su* (fices 7 consid]$ v honorable & 71 z a rule1 h]$it>y4 ,?is 0 p>ticul>ly true ( ! (fices ( fire-t5d]1 head s+]1 & drumm]1 9 :i* ! succession foll[$ precisely ! same rules z did ! *iefta9%ip4 ,! fire-t5d]s1 call$ medze 7,n7 & laimoc 7,e71 7 (ficials ( v great importance4 ,connect$ ) ea* ( ! l>ge1 semi-subt]ranean dance-h\ses#c !re 7 two fire-t5d]s1 :o saw to all matt]s conc]n+ ! fire & ! prep>ation ( ! dance-h\se except actually procur+ ! firewood4 ,all ! m5 p>ticipat+ 9 ! c]emony 7 suppos$ to br+ wood1 :i* !y plac$ j outside ! dance-h\se4 ,"o ( ! fire-t5d]s !n c>ri$ x up & dropp$ x ?r\gh ! smoke-hole1 :ile ! o!r /ack$ x 9 ricks 9 ! prop] places )9 ! h\se4 ,z remun]ation = _! labor1 !y receiv$ ! beads :i* 7 ?r[n at ! danc]s#d by ! p dur+ ! c]emony & :i* 7 swept up :5 ! dance-h\se 0 clean$4 ,! head s+]1 call$ ke kai tca 7,c7 & keya 7,e71 0 a man ( great importance 9 c]emonies1 ?\gh he 0 v inconspicu\s4 ,x 0 8 duty to plan previ\sly ! prop] sequ5ce ( ! dances & songs1 & x 0 also 8 duty to />t all songs & to c>ry ! air4 ,! head s+] _h to possess a v good voice1 & _h to make x 8 bus9ess to "k ! songs = ! v>i\s c]emonies4 ,n[ & !n he 0 at a loss = ! prop] song = a p>ticul> occasion4 ,he 0 all[$ to consult "s o!r s+]1 or1 ^u occasion1 he might ask = sugge/ions f ! audi5ce4 ,any "o :o knew a song :i* fitt$ ! occasion might come to ! head s+] & s+ x = him 9 an und]tone1 until he caught x & 0 ready to lead 9 ! s++4 ,z a rule he kept "t ) a split-/ick rattle1 or a rattle made ( cocoons4 ,! *orus or burd5-s+]s1 call$ skam 7,e71 gave volume to ! music & m>k$ "t ) _! split-/ick rattles1 hai mitamitaka 7,n74 ,_! usual burd5 0 he1 he1 he1 he1 444 sung 9 a heavy monotone4 ,! drumm]s1 call$ tslo gak 7,e71 tslo tca 7,c71 & tslo matts 7,e71 7 always two 9 numb]1 & z a rule !y took turns 9 play+ ! l>ge wood5 drum :i* 0 set 9 ! gr\nd at ! re> ( ! dance-h\se1 & :i* 0 beat5 by ! /amp+ ( ! feet4 ,! (fice ( drumm] 0 consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ important1 & second only to t ( fire-t5d]4 ,! ma/] ( c]emonies1 call$ xab dima 7,e71 xabgak 7,e71 & helma 7,c71 />t$ & /opp$ all songs & dances by c]ta9 signals4 ,! p>ticipants 9 ! dance usually ma9ta9$ c]ta9 positions1 b ! ma/] ( c]emonies ran ab\t f place to place sup]vis+ ! activities & giv+ directions z requir$4 ,8 pres5ce 0 absolutely necess>y at all c]emonies1 & )\t him a dance c\ld n proce$4 ,he act$ "u ! g5]al direction ( ! head capta91 b t (ficial himself nev] s]v$ z ma/] ( c]emonies4 ,v r>ely did ! same individual s]ve z ma/] ( c]emonies & head s+]4 ,:ile z a rule ! drumm]s & ! s+]s wore no special dress = c]emonial occasions1 ! ma/]s ( c]emonies 7 almo/ always pa9t$ & dress$ accord+ to diff]5t requirem5ts = ea* c]emony 7see bel[74 ,!y 7 usually among ! danc]s :o imp]sonat$ sup]natural be+s4 ,,g5]al ,,features ,,( ,,pomo ,,c]emonies ,a c]emony always c5t]$ ab\t ! dance-h\se1#e & la/$ f\r nights1 or "s multiple ( f\r1 beg9n+ usually soon aft] sunset4 ,9 ! case ( ! gho/ c]emony1 :i* began at sunrise1 ! prec$+ night 0 sp5t 9 p]=m+ o!r dances4 ,su* c]emonies 7 made up ( a v>y+ numb] ( dances4 ,!re 0 usually no prescrib$ sequ5ce1 b ! c]emony took ! "n ( ! dance :i* 0 its special feature1 ?\gh ?is ne$ n necess>ily op5 ! c]emony4 ,9 a few in/ances x 0 recogniz$ t c]ta9 dances %\ld be p]=m$ toge!r4 ,a c]emony consi/$ ( 7#a7 an introductory proc$ure1 accompani$ by m or less ritual1 su* z ! initiation ( ! *ildr5 ?r\gh ! gks c]emony 7see bel[1 p4 #dbe72 7#b7 a s]ies ( dances2 7#c7 a s]ies ( spee*es by (ficials & m5 ( importance conc]n+ ! religi\s life or o!r matt]s ( public int]e/2 7#d7 a f9al purification rite2 & 7#e7 v>i\s fea/s1 p>ticul>ly "o held 9 ! morn+ aft] ! f9al night ( ! c]emony4 ,!re 7 c]ta9 special c]emonies1 su* z ! gks c]emony1 9 :i* a def9ite op5+ proc$ure 0 requir$1 b aft] ?is almo/ any desir$ dance might be held at any "t1 day or night1 ?r\gh\t ! duration ( ! c]emonial p]iod4 ,! proc$ure ( ! f9al night ( ! c]emony 0 also usually fix$4 ,! pr9cipal c]emonies ( ! ,pomo 73 ,! xahlgax xaiklgaiagba#f 7! gho/ or devil c]emony74 ,! kalmatt xaiklgaiagba 7! ?und] c]emony74 ,! gks xaiklgaiagba4 ,! dama xaiklgaiagba4 ,,invitations ,,to ,,c]emonies ,! capta9s ( ! village discuss$ ) o!r important m5 ! "q ( hold+ a c]emony1 j z !y discuss$ o!r matt]s relat+ to ! g5]al public good4 ,hav+ agre$ ^u ! date & o!r details1 ! head capta9 usually walk$ ?r\gh ! village deliv]+ an oration1 z 0 cu/om>y ^u occasions ( importance1 9 :i* he ann\nc$ to ! p ! decision ( _! capta9s4 ,?is oration might1 h[ev]1 be deliv]$ z he /ood be=e ! door ( 8 own h\se or be=e ! door ( ! dance-h\se4 ,invitations 7 !n s5t to ! p ( o!r villages to att5d ! c]emony4 ,?is 0 done by means ( a special invitation /r+4 ,wormwood or will[ /icks ab\t two in*es 9 l5g? 7 ti$1 ea* sep>ately1 into a %ort /r+1 ! numb] ( /icks be+ equal1 accord+ to "s in=mants1 to ! numb] ( days int]v5+ be=e ! c]emony 0 to beg91 usually n few] ?an two or m ?an eight4 ,o!r in=mants /at$ t ?is numb] 0 equal to ^! int]v5+ days plus ! numb] ( days dur+ :i* ! c]emony 0 to be held4 ,= in/ance1 if a f\r-day c]emony 0 to beg9 f\r days h5ce1 ^! be+ ! usual numb]s 9 bo? in/ances1 eight /icks 7 ti$ into ! invitation /r+4 ,accord+ to ano!r in=mant1 if ! numb] ( /icks 0 f two to five1 ! gue/s 7 invit$ = ! fir/ ( two or m c]emonies4 ,if six or m /icks 7 pres5t1 !y 7 to come = a lat] c]emony4 ,?is latt]1 h[ev]1 seems to be r improbable4 ,to "o end ( ! /r+ 0 ti$1 z an ornam5t1 a small section ( =ehead-b& made ( yell[-hamm] fea!rs4 ,?is /r+ might be pres5t$ z su*1 b frequ5tly x 0 ti$ to ! end ( a w& ab\t two feet long4 ,its g5]al "n among ! ,c5tral ,pomo 0 haidel4 ,be=e s5d+1 x 0 call$ ha'ieb2 aft] x _h be5 s5t out1 x 0 t]m$ ha'idaka4 ,a mess5g] took ?is /r+ or w& to ! capta9 ( ! village invit$ &1 if x 0 necess>y = him to make a j\rney ( any consid]able l5g?1 he broke (f a /ick = ea* day ( 8 j\rney4 ,accord+ to mo/ in=mants1 he simply deliv]$ ! /r+ to ! head capta9 ( ! invit$ village & imm$iately return$ home ) ! message ( acceptance f t village4 ,accord+ to "o in=mant1 h[ev]1 he rema9$ z ! gue/ ( ! head capta91 & himself broke a /ick ea* day f ! invitation /r+ & f9ally conduct$ ! visitors to ! c]emony4 ,z a rule1 visitors arriv$ at lea/ "o day be=e ! c]emony began1 b !y nev] ent]$ ! village itself until ! morn+ ( ! fir/ c]emonial day1 mak+ camp mean:ile at "s conv5i5t spot )9 a %ort di/ance4 ,! visitors collect$ a pres5t ( a consid]able numb] ( %ell beads1 :i* 0 c>ri$ by _! head capta9 z he l$ !m into ! village4 ,"s1 at lea/1 ( ! y\ng] m5 among ! visitors attir$ !mselves 9 _! dance co/umes & danc$ into ! village1 usually foll[+ a little ap>t f ! re/ ( _! p4 ,z soon z ! visitors appe>$ 9 sight1 a wat*man1 /ation$ on ! ro( ( ! dance-h\se1 gave notice to ! head capta91 :o 0 inside4 ,he at once came out &1 tak+ a position directly 9 front ( ! dance-h\se1 deliv]$ a %ort oration invit+ ! visitors to ent] & mak+ !m welcome4 ,z ! visitors ent]$ ea* gr\p 0 assign$ to its p>ticul> position 9 ! dance-h\se1 & all seat$ !mselves ) _! head capta91 capta9s1 fire-t5d]s1 & o!r (ficials 9 front4 ,:5 ! head capta9 ( ! ho/ village f9ally ent]$ ! dance-h\se1 :i* 0 n until aft] all ! visitors _h tak5 _! seats1 he 0 call$ by ! visit+ head capta9 to _! position4 ,! visit+ head capta9 !n made a %ort spee* ( pres5tation & gave ! beads to ! ho/ head capta91 :o made1 9 return1 a second & m l5g?y spee* ( welcome4 ,he !n took ^! beads to 8 own h\se1 & !y 7 lat] divid$ among 8 p4 ,a pres5t ( equal value 0 return$ to ! visitors1 ei!r imm$iately or at "s "t be=e ! close ( ! c]emony4 ,?is =mality ( welcome ov]1 "s dance might be held at once or ! gue/s & ho/s might enjoy a g5]al visit4 ,if "o ( ! secret c]emonies 0 to be held1 all ! wom5 & *ildr5 & ! un9itiat$ m5 retir$ f ! dance-h\se be=e x comm5c$4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,pres5t s]ies1 ,,vi1 pp4 #ea-ed4 #b ,! ,e?no-,geography ( ! ,pomo & ,neighbor+ ,indians1 pres5t s]ies1 ,,vi1 pp4 #ae-ag4 #c ,an article by ! pres5t writ] call$ ,pomo ,build+s1 9 ! ,holmes ,memorial ,volume1 fully describes ^! /ructures1 :i* 7 erect$ especially = c]emonial purposes & :i* =m$ ! religi\s c5t]s ( ,pomo villages4 #d ,! reason = ! ?r[+ ( ! beads is z foll[s3 ,pomo cu/om prescribes a p]iod ( m\rn+ la/+ "o ye>4 ,if a danc] s f> =gets 8 sorr[ z actively to p>ticipate 9 a c]emony ( ?is k9d be=e ! expiration ( ! prescrib$ m\rn+ p]iod aft] ! dea? ( a fri5d or relative "s atonem5t is requir$4 ,x is cu/om>y "u su* circum/ances = "s "o 9 ! audi5ce to ?r[ "s loose %ell-beads at ! danc]1 ^! be+ evid5tly int5d$ z an (f]+ to ! spirits & hav+ no?+ directly to d ) ! danc] himself4 #e ,= a description ( ?is l>ge semi-subt]ranean /ructure see ,pomo ,build+s1 by ! pres5t au?or 9 ! ,holmes ,anniv]s>y ,volume4 #f ,^! words are 9 ! ,ea/]n ,pomo dialect4 ,,! ,,gho/ ,,or ,,devil ,,c]emony ,?is c]emony 0 p]haps ! mo/ important ( ! f\r-day c]emonies ( ! ,pomo4 ,x 0 usually held 9 ! spr+ & 0 witness$ only by prop]ly initiat$ m51 nev] by wom5 or *ildr54 ,! un9itiat$ m51 z well z ! wom5 & *ildr51 7 mu* afraid ( ^! danc]s & kept a v respectful di/ance :5 !y ent]$ ! village4 ,?is 0 due to ! belief t to approa* closely w\ld produce s]i\s illness4 ,su* esot]ic c]emonies are unusual among ! ,pomo1 ?\gh !y occur among o!r ,cali=nia tribes4 ,z examples might be m5tion$ ! ,hesi c]emony among ! ,w9tun & ,maidu1 especially among ! ,maidu1 :o h a def9ite secret society4 ,,/eph5 ,,p[]s ,,on ,,! ,,gho/ ,,dance ,! gho/ dance ( ! ,pomo has be5 attribut$ by ,p[]s#g to a secret society4 ,9 speak+ ( ! subject ( *a/ity among ! ,pomo1 he describes a devil-rais+ c]emony conduct$ by :at he t]ms a secret society :i* _h sev]al bran*es 9 ! v>i\s ,pomo villages4 ,8 description ( ?is c]emony is giv5 f in=mation obta9$ by him f an old resid5t closely connect$ ) ! ,indians ( ! region 9 e>ly days1 &1 :ile 8 assumptions & d$uctions are 9 _m respects incorrect1 x is pla9ly a description ( ! gho/ dance4 ,aft] speak+ ( ! secret society 444 ^: simple purpose is to conjure up inf]nal t]rors & r5d] ea* o!r assi/ance 9 keep+ _! wom5 9 subjection1 ,p[]s says3#h ,_! meet+s are held 9 an assembly-h\se erect$ especially = ! purpose1 con/ruct$ ( peel$ p9e-poles4 ,x is pa9t$ r$1 black1 & :ite 7wood color7 on ! inside 9 spiral /ripes rea*+ f ! apex to ! gr\nd4 ,outside x is ?at*$ & cov]$ ) e>?4 ,:5 !y are assembl$ 9 x !re is a doorkeep] at ! entrance :o suff]s no "o to ent] unless he is a regul> memb]1 pl$g$ to secrecy4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,pott]1 ?\gh a man held 9 high honor by !m1 0 n all[$ to ent]1 ?\gh !y (f]$ to initiate him1 if he desir$4 ,!y d n scruple to av[ to ,am]icans :o are well acqua9t$ ) !m1 & 9 ^: discretion !y h confid5ce1 t _! object is simply to raise ! devil1 z !y express x1 ) :om !y pret5d to hold communication2 & to c>ry on o!r demoniacal do+s1 accompani$ by frightful :oop+ & yell+1 9 ord] to "w on ! imag9ations ( ! err+ squaws1 no :it m guilty ?an !mselves4 ,once 9 sev5 ye>s ^! secret woman-tam]s hold a gr& devil-dance 7*a-du-el-keh71 :i* is look$ =w>d to by ! wom5 ( ! tribe ) fe> & trembl+ z ! sc\rg+ visit ( ! dreadful ,yu-ku-ku-la 7! devil74 ,z ?is society has its ramifications among ! _m ,pomo tribes1 ?is great dance is held "o sept5nium 9 "o valley1 ano!r 9 ano!r1 & s on ?r\gh ! circuit ( ! bran* societies4 ,e sev5 ye>s1 !re=e1 witnesses ! con/ruction ( an imm5se assembly-h\se :i* is us$ = ?is special occasion only4 ,i h se5 ! ru9s ( "o :i* 0 re>$ 9 ,pott] ,valley some:]e ab\t ! ye> #ahfj4 ,! pit1 or cell>1 :i* made a "p ( x 0 circul>1 sixty-?ree feet 9 diamet] & ab\t six feet deep1 & all ! enorm\s mass ( e>? excavat$ f x 0 g\g$ up ) small1 fire-h>d5$ /icks & c>ri$ away 9 baskets by bo? m5 & wom51 *iefly m54 ,x 0 ab\t eighte5 feet high 9 ! c5t]1 & ! ro( 0 support$ on five po/s1 "o a c5t] pole & f\r o!rs /&+ ar\nd x1 equidi/ant f x & ! p]imet] ( ! pit4 ,timb]s f six to n9e in*es 9 diamet] 7 laid f ! edge ( ! pit to ! middle po/s1 & f ^! to ! c5t] pole4 ,ov] ^! 7 plac$ grass & bru%1 & ! :ole 0 heavily cov]$ ) e>?4 ,all[+ f\r squ>e feet ( space to ea* p]son1 su* a /ructure w\ld conta9 upw>d ( sev5 hundr$ p4 ,9 _! palmy days hundr$s & ev5 ?\s&s ( ,indians att5d$ "o ( ^! gr& dances4 ,:5 ! dance is held1 tw5ty or ?irty m5 array !mselves 9 h>lequ9 rig & b>b>ic pa9t & put vessels ( pit* on _! heads2 !n !y secretly g out into ! surr\nd+ m\nta9s4 ,^! are to p]sonify ! devils4 ,a h]ald goes up to ! top ( ! assembly-h\se & makes a spee* to ! multitude4 ,at a signal agre$ ^u 9 ! ev5+ ! masqu]ad]s come 9 f ! m\nta9s1 ) ! vessels ( pit* flam+ on _! heads1 & ) all ! frightful accessories ( noise1 motion1 & co/ume :i* ! savage m9d c devise 9 repres5tation ( demons4 ,! t]rifi$ wom5 & *ildr5 flee = life1 ! m5 huddle !m into a circle1 &1 on ! pr9ciple ( fight+ ! devil ) fire1 !y sw+ blaz+ firebr&s 9 ! air1 yell1 :oop1 & make frantic da%es at ! m>aud+ & blood?ir/y devils1 s creat+ a t]rific spectacle1 & /rik+ great fe> into ! he>ts ( ! assembl$ hundr$s ( wom51 :o are scream+ & fa9t+ & cl++ to _! valor\s protectors4 ,f9ally ! devils succe$ 9 gett+ into ! assembly-h\se1 & ! brave/ ( ! m5 ent] & hold a p>ley ) !m4 ,z a conclusion ( ! :ole f>ce1 ! m5 summon c\rage1 ! devils are expell$ f ! assembly-h\se1 & ) a prodigi\s r[ & racket ( %am fight+ are *as$ away into ! m\nta9s4 ,aft] all ^! t]rible do+s h ex]cis$ _! due effect ^u ! wanton fem99e m9d1 ano!r /age ( ! proce$+s is ent]$ ^u4 ,a rattlesnake 0 captur$ "s days be=eh&1 its fangs 7 pluck$ out1 & x 0 h&l$1 /rok$1 f$1 & tam$1 s t x c\ld be display$ ) safety4 ,! v5]able1 :ite-hair$ peace-*ief n[ takes 8 /ation be=e ! multitude1 )9 ! great assembly-h\se1 ) ! rattlesnake be=e him z ! visible inc>nation ( ! dreadful ,yukukula4 ,sl[ly & sonor\sly he beg9s1 speak+ to !m ( morality & fem99e ob$i5ce4 ,!n w>m+ ) 8 subject1 & br&i%+ ! horrid reptile 9 8 h& full 9 ! faces & ov] ! heads ( 8 %udd]+ auditors1 ) solemn & awful voice he w>ns !m to bew>e1 & ?reat5s !m ) ! dire wra? ( ,yukukula if !y d n live lives ( *a/ity1 indu/ry1 & ob$i5ce1 until "s ( ! t]rifi$ squaws %riek al\d & fall swoon+ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,ref]r+ aga9 to ! devil dance1 z practic$ among ! ,gualala1 ,p[]s says3#i ,9 ! mid/ ( ! ord9>y dances !re comes ru%+ ^u ! sc5e an ugly app>ition 9 ! %ape ( a man1 we>+ a fea!r mantle on 8 back rea*+ f ! armpits d[n to ! mid-?ighs1 zebra-pa9t$ on 8 brea/ & legs ) black /ripes1 be>sk9 %ako on 8 head1 & 8 arms /ret*$ out at full l5g? along a /aff pass+ beh9d 8 neck4 ,acc\t]$ 9 ?is h>lequ9 rig1 he da%es at ! squaws1 cap]+1 danc+1 :oop+2 & !y & ! *ildr5 flee = life1 keep+ sev]al hundr$ y>ds betwe5 him & !mselves4 ,if !y are s un=tunate z to t\* ev5 8 /ick1 all _! *ildr5 w p]i% out ( h&4 ,,! ,,gho/ ,,c]emony ,,prop] ,! danc]s 7 ( two classes1 ! ord9>y gho/-danc]s1 or devils1 call$ xahluigak 7,e71 & ! a%-devils1 or fire-eat]s1 call$ n xahligak 7,e74 ,! =m] danc$ almo/ exclusively dur+ ! day1 & ! latt] at night1 ?\gh ^! regulations 7 n q absolute4 ,! a%-devils 7 always pres5t at ! gho/ c]emony & dur+ ! gho/ dance prop] !y s]v$1 9 a way1 z s]geants-at-arms & z cl[ns4 ,accord+ to "s in=mants1 a new dance-h\se 0 especially built = ea* gho/ c]emony4 ,o!r in=mants did n p>ticul>ly m5tion ?is fact & x seems probable t 9 m rec5t times1 aft] ! c]emonial proc$ure ( ! ,pomo _h become some:at lax1 ?is rule 0 n obs]v$1 & ! same dance-h\se may h be5 us$ = m ?an "o gho/ c]emony1 & = o!r c]emonies z well4 ,9 ?is c]emony ! danc]s imp]sonat$ ! spirits ( ! dead1 z is indicat$ by ! spee* ( ! *ief devil-danc] made j be=e disrob+4#aj ,! dance is said to h _h its orig9 9 my?ical times :5 ! birds & mammals _h human attributes4 ,! ,pomo acc\nt is z foll[s3 ,hawk1 ! capta9 ( a village1 0 kill$ by ,vulture4 ,aft] be+ abs5t f ! village = "s "t ,hawk sudd5ly return$1 came into ! dance-h\se1 & sat d[n 9 front ( ! c5t] pole1 at its foot4 ,a c]emony 0 ab\t to beg91 & ! p notic$ no?+ out ( ! ord9>y ab\t ,hawk & 7 p]fectly will+ to all[ him to p>ticipate 9 ! danc+4 ,mead[l>k1 h[ev]1 notic$ an odor ab\t ,hawk :i* %[$ t he _h j return$ f ! realm ( ! dead4 ,) 8 *>act]i/ic g>rulity1 he comm5c$ to *att] ab\t ! improprieties ( mortals danc+ ) dead p4 ,hawk 0 a *ief & "o ( an important family & felt especially (f5d$ at ^! reflections ^u him & left at once1 nev] aga9 return+ to ! village4 ,accord+ to "o v]sion ( ! my?1 ,mead[l>k _h1 9 ^? days1 a long tail l mo/ o!r birds4 ,8 action ^u ?is occasion1 h[ev]1 s enrag$ ! o!r memb]s ( ! village t "s "o /ruck at him ) a fire pok] :i* happ5$ to be ne> at h&4 ,mead[l>k 0 able to dodge ! bl[1 b ! pok] clipp$ (f a l>ge "p ( 8 tail4 ,he has1 !re=e1 _h only a /ub ( a tail s9ce t day4 ,! p !n fell to discuss+ :at c\ld be done to atone 9 "s way = ?is insult to ,hawk4 ,a numb] ( m5 imm$iately w5t out into ! woods & dress$ !mselves z ! devil-danc]s n[ d1 return+ to ! village to p]sonate ! spirits ( ! dep>t$4 ,f ?is my?ical s\rce has desc5d$ ! pres5t-day gho/ or devil c]emony4 ,! c]emony 0 directly "u ! sup]vision ( ! *ief gks doctor1 & x 0 he :o safegu>d$ ! gho/-dance p>aph]nalia dur+ ! long int]val betwe5 c]emonies4 ,! gho/-danc]s & ! a%-devils 7 actually assi/$ 9 dress+ by ! gks doctors4 ,! dress ( ! gho/-danc] prop] 0 q elaborate4 ,ea* gho/-danc] repair$ to "s seclud$ place 9 ! woods or bru%1 pref]ably back 9 ! hills ab\t ! village1 :]e he dress$4 ,?is go+ into seclusion to dress is call$ tsmakabek 9 ! ,ea/]n ,pomo dialect4 ,he fir/ rubb$ 8 body ) *ew$ angelica root1 at ! same "t mak+ a pray] = long life1 good heal?1 & prosp]ity = himself1 8 fell[ danc]s1 & ! p ( ! village4 ,he also made a pray] to a c]ta9 sup]natural be+#aa to l5d him a /rip$ sk94 ,he next pa9t$ 8 body ) :ite1 r$1 & black pa9ts4 ,a man might pa9t 8 body entirely "o color4 ,! upp] half ( ! body might be ( "o color1 :ile ! l[] half 0 ( ano!r4 ,! same diff]5ce 9 color might obta9 betwe5 ! "r & ! left sides1 & b&s & /ripes might also be freely us$4 ,be=e f9ally f9i%+ ! pa9t+ ( ! face & arms1 h[ev]1 ! rema9d] ( ! attire 0 put on4 ,?is includ$1 = ! head1 7#a7 a head-net ) :i* to conf9e ! hair2 7#b7 a d[n-fill$ head-net2 7#c7 a fea!r tuft on top ( ! head2 7#d7 a yell[-hamm] quill =ehead-b& fa/5$ at ! top ( ! =ehead1 pass+ back ?r\gh ! p>t$ fea!r-tuft & hang+ d[n ! back2 & 7#e7 a fillet ( pepp]wood leaves4 ,! rema9d] ( ! co/ume consi/$ ( a %ort girdle ( pepp]wood bran*es worn ab\t ! wai/ &1 if desir$1 a simil> adornm5t ab\t ! neck4 ,! a%-devils1 or fire-eat]s1 dress$ m simply4 ,accord+ to "s in=mants1 !y 7 entirely nude except = a coat ( blue pa9t4 ,accord+ to o!rs1 _! attire 0 some:at m elaborate4 ,! face 0 pa9t$ r$1 black1 or :ite1 two colors nev] be+ us$ toge!r4 ,! legs 7 pa9t$ :ite1 !n scrat*$ ) ! f+]nails s z to remove "s ( ! pa9t & produce longitud9al /ripes4 ,! hair 0 b\nd up ) ! usual head-net into :i* a s+le black fea!r 0 ins]t$1#ab or a fea!r tuft 0 atta*$ to x4 ,z a scre5 or mask be=e ! face1 ! danc] also wore a fr+e ( gre5 twigs fur!r to disguise 8 id5tity4 ,o!rwise he 0 completely nak$4 ,:5 ev]y?+ 0 9 read9ess 9 ! village1 ! head capta9 s5t out a mess5g] to notify ! danc]s4 ,:5 ! latt] 7 ready to ent] ! village1 a small fire 0 built 9 ! hills to give notice ( ! fact4 ,!y made _! fir/ entry j ab\t daybreak on ! fir/ day4 ,a cri]1 :o 0 always "o ( ! capta9s or a fire-t5d] detail$ to ?is duty1 took 8 position on ! ro( ( ! dance-h\se j bel[ ! smoke-hole1 :]e he gave ! gho/ call y 444 f\r times4 ,at once answ]+ calls 7 he>d f ! gho/-danc]s 9 _! sev]al locations1 = !y _h scatt]$ to a numb] ( diff]5t places1 ea* man by himself1 or 9 gr\ps ( n m ?an two or ?ree individuals4 ,! gho/ response 0 a l\d wa wai1 repeat$ f\r times4 ,if ! gho/-danc]s 7 suffici5tly close toge!r1 ?is 0 giv5 by _! lead] only4 ,! cri] cont9u$ 8 call+ until "o or m ( ! danc]s appe>$ on ! outskirts ( ! village4 ,!y came runn+ 91#ac ea* c>ry+ 9 8 h&s two bun*es ( grass or twigs a foot or s 9 l5g?1#ad beh9d :i* he at times pret5d$ to hide4 ,ea* sudd5ly /opp$ z he came 9 sight ( ! dance-h\se & /ood = a mom5t ) out/ret*$ arms4 ,!reupon ! cri] %\t$1 1 1 1 1 aft] :i* he deliv]$ an invocation to ! gho/-danc]s1 ask+ !m to come runn+ into ! village br++ heal? & happ9ess to ! p4 ,?is invocation 0 z foll[s3 nap ptsal gwal village heal?y run to mayawala kale ptsal gwal girls heal?y run to xxalik ptsal gwal *iefs heal?y run to daxalik ptsal gwal *iefta9esses heal?y run to kawik ptsal gwal *ildr5 heal?y run to ,!n1 accord+ to "o in=mant1 all ! p :o 7 assembl$ 9 ! dance-h\se %\t$1 :ile ! drumm] beat rapidly = a m9ute or two4 ,! head s+]s took _! cocoon rattles & inton$ a song z !y m>*$ outside to meet ! danc]s4 ,aft] s++ outside = a %ort "t1 !y re-ent]$ ! dance-h\se4 ,! danc]s !n came runn+ 91 mak+ a l\d noise produc$ by a voic$ expulsion ( brea? ?r\gh ! relax$ b clos$ lips1 b 444 & ran to a po9t ab\t "o hundr$ y>ds directly 9 front ( ! dance-h\se door 7see fig4 #a74 ,:ile ! danc]s 7 runn+ into ! village1 ! s+]s sang ! foll[+ song3 yhya1 yhya1 yhya1 yhya1 yhya1 yhya1 yhkl kl1 yhkl kl4 7,repeat indef9itely47 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,fig4 #b ,fig4 #a--,pa?s ( ! gho/-danc]s z !y ent] ! village1 & _! c]emonial c\rse be=e ! dance-h\se4 ,fig4 #b--,positions tak5 & c\rse travel$ by gho/-danc]s 9 approa*+ dance-h\se4 ,meantime ! cri] & ! danc]s cont9u$ _! respective cries4 ,! head gho/-danc] always dress$ at a place nor? 7i4e41 9 ! re>7 ( ! dance-h\se1 s t 9 ent]+ ! village he ran pa/ ! dance-h\se to take up 8 position4 ,"h he b[$ v l[1 & quickly dropp$ 8 arms ) ! bun*es ( grass above m5tion$1 at ! same "t cry+ w4444 ,he !n trott$ p]haps tw5ty feet 9 "o direction1 :]e he repeat$ ?is motion & cry1 & !n to a po9t an equal di/ance 9 ! opposite direction f 8 c5tral position1 repeat+ ! same motion & cry !re4 ,?is he did f\r times1 f9ally /opp+ 9 ! middle ( ! =ty-foot l9e ?us block$ out1 & directly 9 front ( ! dance-h\se door4 ,! next danc] to ent] ! village might come f any direction4 ,he ran t[>d ! head danc] & cross$1 if possible1 9 front ( him1 ?\gh if necess>y he pass$ beh9d him4 ,9 ?is case ! head danc] turn$ ar\nd s z to face ! runn]4 ,! newcom] began to pass back & =? along ! l9e1 mak+ ! motions & cries z above describ$4 ,he !n took up 8 position at "o side or ! o!r ( ! *ief danc]4 ,^! danc]s 7 at lib]ty to laugh1 talk1 & play at w4 ,frequ5tly !y p]=m$ v>i\s comical antics1 su* z pret5d+ to be /ung by wasps1 & doctor+ "o ano!r4 ,! cri] cont9u$ 8 calls until f9ally ! lead] ( ! danc]s walk$ along a zigzag pa? to a position ab\t "o-qu>t] ( ! di/ance betwe5 ! l9e ( danc]s & ! dance-h\se 7see fig4 #b74 ,"h he halt$ & cri$ wu 444 aft] :i* ! cri] at ! dance-h\se call$ all ! initiat$ m5 ( ! village to assemble4 ,!re 0 a fix$ re/riction aga9/ ! pres5ce ( ! un9itiat$ 9 ?is assembly4 ,"o in=mant ma9ta9$ t ! c]emony1 z held 9 8 locality 7! coa/ ( ! ,c5tral ,pomo area71 requir$ t f\r po/s be set up1 ea* at a di/ance ( sev]al y>ds f ! dance-h\se1 z is %[n 9 figures #a & #b1 ! imag9>y l9es f po/ to po/ =m+ an inclosure = ! dance-h\se & its imm$iate vic9ity1 )9 :i* none b ! initiat$ d>$ v5ture4 ,! s+]s & o!rs (ficially conc]n$ ) ! dance came f )9 ! dance-h\se & =m$ two l9es1 "o on ea* side ( ! out] door ( ! tunnel1 z indicat$ by ! small crosses 9 figure #b4 ,z ! cri] gave 8 call1 ! initiates answ]$ ) a cry ( ye 444 aft] :i* !y =m$ ^! two l9es betwe5 :i* ! gho/-danc]s mu/ pass to ent] ! dance-h\se4 ,at ! out] ends ( ^! l9es 7 two ma/]s ( c]emonies :o direct$ ! c]emony f ?is po9t on to its close4 ,!y fir/ *as$ ea* ( ! danc]s#ae z he came to ent] ! h\se1 return+ ea* "t to ! heads ( ! two l9es1 !re to await ! arrival ( ! next danc]4 ,^! ma/]s ( c]emonies 7 call$ xahlgak kldaiya 7,e7 or masan kldaiya 7,e71 & 7 entirely nude except = a head-net & a fea!r tuft on _! heads4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c--;,c\rse ( ea* gho/-danc] ent]+ dance-h\se4 ,! *ief gho/-danc] ent]$ ! h\se backw>ds & />t$ t[>ds ! drum1 pass+1 h[ev]1 on ! we/ or wrong side ( ! fire4 ,be=e he _h gone v f>1 he /opp$ & grop$ ar\nd ) "o foot1 z if to f9d 8 way1 & f9ally inquir$ :i* way he %\ld g4 ,gho/-danc]s us$ ! same words 9 speak+ t ord9>y p did1 except t !y inv]t$ _! /atem5ts & rev]s$ ! mean+s ( words4 ,9 ?is case ! spectators repli$1 ,y mu/ g on ! we/ side1#af mean+1 ( c\rse1 t ! danc] 0 expect$ actually to g d[n ! ea/ side ( ! dance-h\se4 ,he !n rev]s$ 8 direction1 z is %[n 9 figure #c1 & circl$ f\r times ab\t ! fire1 f9ally pass+ to a position 9 front ( ! c5t] pole4 ,! spectators mean:ile con/antly call$ out to ea* danc] to pass d[n ! ea/ side ( ! h\se4 ,:5 ! danc] ent]$ ?r\gh ! tunnel1 ! spectators all cri$1 ye-ye4 ,he at fir/ advanc$ v sl[ly backw>ds until he rea*$ ! po9t at :i* he inquir$ 8 way4 ,z soon z he receiv$ ?is direction he sprang up & ran ! prescrib$ f\r times ar\nd ! fire & f9ally rea*$ ! foot ( ! c5t] pole1 mak+ mean:ile ! same b 444 noise :i* he _h made ^u ent]+ ! village4 ,he "h await$ ! arrival ( ! o!r danc]s1 :o w5t ?r\gh ! same succession ( movem5ts4 ,! *ief gho/-danc]1 ^u arriv+ 9 front ( ! c5t] pole1 said1 mamle 7,e71 to :i* ! spectators repli$1 heh4444 ,!n he made a %ort spee* 9 a m or less ar*aic language4 ,its purport 03 ,i d n come to d any "o h>m1 b r to take all sickness away & to make ev]ybody /rong4 habadtkya gahn kd ptsalwal gakba - - good - - gakalik gaba dakalik gaba1 kalnne *iefs - *iefta9esses ri* p gaba bkal sma bexba gahn cama hwala - - - - - - - ,he next m>k$ (f1 accord+ to "o in=mant1 two or ?ree places on ! ea/ side ( ! floor1 say+ t he & 8 foll[]s w\ld dance !re4 ,?is 0 contr>y to ! usual proc$ure 9 dances1 = ! regul> danc+ area 9 front ( ! c5t] pole 0 always us$4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! gho/ dance itself 0 actually p]=m$ 9 ! usual area also1 b ?is indicat+ ( ano!r area1 & ?is ann\ncem5t1 are only o!r evid5ces t ! spirits mu/ always d ?+s diff]5tly f mortals4 ,9 fact1 ! :ole dress & conduct ( ^! danc]s1 _! rev]sal ( t]ms ( direction1 _! grop+ _! way1 etc41 typify ! conduct ( ! spirits ( ! dep>t$1 :o f9d ev]y?+ /range :5 !y return to ! realm ( mortals4 ,?r\gh\t ! entire c]emony1 & especially dur+ ! "t t ! gho/-danc]s 7 ent]+1 ! spectators 7 oblig$ to use great c>e n to ob/ruct _! passage 9 any way1 or o!rwise to int]f]e ) !m1 else !y 7 likely to be v r\ghly h&l$ by ! danc]s4 ,z ! la/ gho/-danc] ent]$ ! tunnel lead+ into ! dance-h\se1 ! m5 9 ! two l9es outside cri$ yh f\r times1 aft] :i* !y ent]$ & took up _! positions4 ,! above describ$ entry ( ! danc]s 0 accord+ to ! regul> proc$ure4 ,h[ev]1 ^! danc]s1 especially ! a%-devils1 7 privileg$ to p]=m _m comical antics1 & x n infrequ5tly happ5$ t "o or m ( !m w\ld run up on to ! ro( ( ! dance-h\se & dive ?r\gh ! smoke-hole4 ,9 fact1 ?is 0 "o ( ! usual modes ( deception practic$ 9 ?is c]emony4 ,a special net1 ckol tabi kle hai 7,n71 0 /ret*$ ab\t two feet bel[ ! smoke-hole to cat* ! danc]4 ,a special po/ 0 set 9 ! gr\nd beside ?is net = ! danc] to slide d[n4 ,he w\ld !n g ?r\gh ! usual s]ies ( movem5ts1 runn+ f\r times ar\nd ! fire4 ,aft] ?is he usually took up a position at "o ( ! po/s ne> ! door1 !re to levy tribute ^u ! spectators4 ,?is tribute might be 9 ! =m ( firewood1 tobacco1 or o!r commodities4 ,! music = ?is c]emony 0 provid$ by a drumm]1 two *ief s+]s1 & a numb] ( burd5-s+]s4 ,! gho/-danc]s sometimes sang a k9d ( burd5 ( _! own :ile danc+4 ,?is 0 simply h1 h1 h1 h1 etc41 9 a v high key4 ,! *ief s+]s 7 provid$ ) cocoon rattles4 ,^! & ! drum 7 ! only in/rum5ts us$4 ,! danc]s c>ri$ no :i/les1 al?\gh ^! 7 ord9>ily us$ by p]=m]s 9 o!r dances4 ,! burd5-s+]s also us$ no split-/ick rattles1 b clapp$ _! h&s in/ead 9 "t to _! s++4 ,aft] ! p]=m]s _h 9 ?is way ent]$ ! dance-h\se1 ! *ief gho/-danc] call$ to ! s+]s to />t4 ,! drumm] !n jump$ ^u ! drum1 cry+ htsaiyah 7,e74#ag ,) ! fir/ cry ( ! drumm]1 ! *ief s+]s s\nd$ _! rattles4 ,aft] an int]val ( p]haps a m9ute1 ! drumm] repeat$ 8 jump & call4 ,! song />t$ & ! dance began4 ,! song z giv5 by "o ( ! in=mants is z foll[s3 yhya yhya1 yhya yhya1 kl kl kl 4444 kl kl kl 4444 htsaiya htsaiya h 4444 7,repeat indef9itely47 ,! two ma/]s ( c]emonies took up _! respective positions at ,a & ,c 7fig4 #c7 & danc$ back & =? along ! l9es ,,ab & ,,cd4 ,9 />t+ ! movem5t1 !y /ood ) h&s out/ret*$ & b5t _! bodies sidewise t[>d ! drum z !y %\t$ htsaiyah4 ,!y !n ran rapidly sidewise to ! opposite ends ( _! respective c\rses1 :]e !y repeat$ ! same b5d+1 ?is "t 9 ! opposite direction4 ,:5 !y _h gone back & =? ov] ^! c\rses & _h return$ to _! orig9al positions = ! f\r? "t1 !y aga9 %\t$ z at fir/4 ,?is p>ticul> set ( ! dance 0 repeat$ f\r times1 ?us complet+ ?is "p4 ,aft] any su* "p _h end$1 x occasionally happ5$ t "o danc] w\ld cont9ue 8 /eps j z ?\gh ! music 7 9 full sw+4 ,ultimately "o ( 8 fell[-danc]s w\ld /rike him lightly to call 8 att5tion to ! fact t ! dance 0 ov]1 & he also w\ld /op4 ,f\r su* p>ts complet$ ! fir/ division ( ! dance4 ,aft] ?is ! ma/]s ( c]emonies advanc$ t[>d ! gho/-danc]s1 motion+ !m back t[>d ! c5t] pole ) ! palms ( _! h&s turn$ outw>d & held 9 front ( !m1 :ile !y said hahy1 hahy 7repeat$ indef9itely74 ,! s+]s1 ma/]s ( c]emonies1 & ! drumm] !n seat$ !mselves or /ood a %ort di/ance away f ! drum1 & ! gho/-danc]s proce$$ ) _! c]emonial disrob+4 ,! *ief gho/-danc] proce$$ f ! foot ( ! c5t] pole by a pa?1 z is indicat$ 9 figure #d1 lead+ ar\nd ! c5t] pole & fire & back to ! ea/ side ( ! drum1 :i* ! gho/-danc]s t]m cna bilat 7,e71 lit]ally canoe worn out4 ,^u 8 arrival at ! drum ! *ief gho/-danc] made a spee* 9 :i* he said t he & 8 fell[s _h come f ! holl[ /ems ( ! grass1 crawl+ l snakes1 to visit ! p4 katsa mtlai waha badtki 7,e7 grass holl[ travel l a snake ,he told !m t he _h come = _! good & ) no evil motives1 t he _h come to br+ !m good heal? & happ9ess1 n sickness & mis=tune4 ,) a cry ( m 444 he !n jump$ across ! drum to its we/ side4 ,! spectators cri$ mbax bwwa 7,e71 lit]ally g on y\r we/ side1 indicat+ ! we/ side ( ! drum1 accord+ to ! gho/-danc]s' inv]t$ me?od ( spee*4 ,9 compliance ) ?is in/ruction1 ! *ief gho/-danc] jump$ across ! drum1 aft] :i* he sometimes felt ar\nd ) 8 foot z if 9 se>* ( some?+4 ,?us he jump$ back & =? f\r times across ! drum4 ,he _h really be5 9 se>* ( ! drum all ! "t & _h feign$ 8 inability to f9d x4 ,he f9ally1 h[ev]1 jump$ ^u x & /amp$ rapidly = a m9ute or s to indicate 8 satisfaction4 ,?r\gh\t ?is :ole p]=mance ! s+]s & o!rs ne> ! drum cont9ually cri$ h 444 h 444 etc4 ,:ile /&+ on ! drum1 ! *ief gho/-danc] fac$ t[>d ! wall1 ?us br++ 8 back t[>d ! fire4 ,frequ5tly he made "s comic obs]vation to ^? ne> by1#ah & f "t to "t turn$ 8 head t[>d ! "r s z almo/ to face ! fire1 ! :ile he made ! peculi> noise1 b 444 *>act]i/ic ( ?is dance4 ,mean:ile he turn$ 8 head sl[ly1 fir/ to ! "r & !n to ! left1 until he _h done ?is f\r times 9 ea* direction4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d--;,gho/-danc]'s c\rse 9 disrob+4 ,he next took ! bru% or grass1 :i* he _h ?r\gh\t ! c]emony be5 c>ry+ 9 8 h&s1 fir/ 9 8 left h& & pass$ x d[nw>d ov] ! "r side ( 8 body until he _h pass$ x d[n & up f\r times4 ,he !n took x 9 8 "r h& & pass$ x 9 ! same mann] ov] 8 left side4 ,he next took "p ( x aga9 9 ea* h& & pass$ bo? h&s back & =? sidewise ov] 8 legs :ile /&+ 9 a b5t po/ure1 until he _h done ?is also f\r times4 ,! bru% or grass 0 !n plac$ ^u ! gr\nd4 ,he next took (f ! girdle ( twigs ab\t 8 wai/ & dropp$ x to ! gr\nd1 usually )\t c]emony1 ?\gh if he *ose he might pass ?is ?r\gh ! same s]ies ( motions z ! twigs c>ri$ 9 8 h&4 ,he next took (f 8 entire head-ge> at once4 ,?is he held 9 8 left h& & pass$ f 8 "r %\ld] up ov] 8 head f\r times1 repeat+ ! same motions ) ! "r h& on ! left side4 ,he !n plac$ ?is ) ! o!r p>aph]nalia on ! gr\nd4 ,he next left ! drum & w5t directly back to ! foot ( ! c5t] pole1 :]e he rejo9$ ! re/ ( ! gho/-danc]s4 ,! rema9+ danc]s w5t1 "o by "o1 or 9 small gr\ps1 & p]=m$ exactly ! same c]emony z t j describ$4 ,:5 all _h disrob$1 ea* took 8 co/ume & retir$ to ! woods or bru%1 r$ress$ himself1 endeavor+ to *ange 8 pa9t+ to "o z diff]5t z possible f t :i* he wore be=e4 ,lat] ! same p]=mance 0 repeat$3 ! call+ by ! cri]1 entry ( ! danc]s1 s]ies ( dances1 & c]emonial disrob+4 ,on ! fir/ day ?is entire s]ies ( dances 0 repeat$ f\r times 9 all--at ab\t #e a4m41 #aj a4m41 #b p4m41 & #e p4m41 respectively4 ,aft] ! c]emonial disrob+ at ! end ( ! f\r? s]ies1 ! gho/-danc]s left _! suits 9 ! dance-h\se & repair$ to ! riv] or lake to swim1 aft] :i* !y return$ to ! dance-h\se4 ,dur+ ! o!r ?ree days ( ! c]emony !y might appe> any desir$ numb] ( times dur+ ! day4 ,! danc]s 7 =bidd5 to eat or dr9k on any p>ticul> day z long z ! dance cont9u$1 b z soon z !y _h gone d[n to swim ?is re/riction 0 remov$4 ,z a rule1 fire-eat+ & fire-h&l+ 7 only incid5tal to ! gho/ dance prop]4 ,h[ev]1 if occasion arose1 ! gho/-danc]s !mselves might h&le fire1 ?\gh !y c\ld n eat x4 ,?is privilege 0 especially res]v$ to ! a%-devils1 n' xahlgak 7,e74 ,9 case some?+ 0 done to (f5d ! gho/-danc]s1 su* z an inadequate provision ( wood or "s inatt5tion on ! "p ( ! (ficials1 !y might attempt to %[ _! displeasure by ?r[+ fire ab\t ! dance-h\se4 ,x !n became ! duty ( ! two fire-t5d]s to hold /icks ( wood across ! fire4 ,?is op]at$ z a taboo to ! gho/-danc]s1 :o 7 prev5t$ f t\*+ ! fire4 ,if !re 7 any ( ! a%-devils pres5t1 ev5 ?\gh n regul>ly p>ticipat+ 9 ?is p>ticul> c]emony1 !y at once br\ght _! special bird-%ap$ /affs1 :i* s]v$ z _! badges ( au?ority1#ai & gave !m absolute control ov] ! entire assemblage1 includ+ ev5 ! head capta94 ,?is caus$ ! fire-t5d]s to remove _! re/riction1 & ! gho/-danc]s 7 !n privileg$ to d z !y wi%$ z long z !y 7 "u ! patronage ( ! a%-devils4 ,:ile s]v+1 dur+ ! regul> gho/ dance1 z mess5g]s1 s]geants-at-arms1 & collectors ( f9es1 ! a%-devils 7 call$ katsatala 7,e71 & 7 ! special cl[ns :o p]=m$ all mann] ( antics 9 _! endeavors to provoke an outw>d expression ( mir? f "s un=tunate spectator4 ,%\ld he s =get himself z to laugh or ev5 smile at ! antics1 "o ( ^! katsatala ran at him ) 8 w& & levi$ tribute 9 ! =m ( a paym5t ( beads or "s o!r commodity1 or impos$ a p5alty requir+ ! (f5d] to br+ wood or wat] = ! danc]s4 ,fur!rmore1 if "s "o ( ! danc]s %\ld see a spectator 9 possession ( some?+ desirable1 he s5t "o ( ^! katsatala ) 8 w& to ?is spectator to dem& ! desir$ article4 ,! spectator mu/ !n br+ x to ! foot ( ! c5t] pole & deposit x = ! danc]s4 ,9 ord] to provoke ! spectators to mir?1 ^! katsatala did _m odd ?+s & made !mselves z grotesque z possible4 ,= in/ance1 "o ( !m w\ld prop 8 eyelids op5 ) small wood5 pegs 7an action call$ batak 7,e771 or he w\ld hold 8 m\? op5 & /ret* x out ( %ape 7an action call$ katsda batak 7,e771 or he w\ld fill 8 *eeks v full & puff !m out ) grass 7call$ kawets kale 7,e774 ,^! a%-devils nev] actually danc$ 9 ! gho/ dance prop]1 b accompani$ ! regul> gho/-danc]s :5 !y appe>$4 ,! int]vals betwe5 dances 7 fill$ & greatly enliv5$ by _! antics1 & x 0 dur+ ^! int]vals t !y made good _! "n by roll+ 9 ! a%es ( ! fire1 & by sometimes ?r[+ live coals ab\t1 & eat+ !m4 ,f "t to "t dur+ ! re/s1 or c]emonial pauses1 "o ( ^! katsatala w\ld seize a cocoon rattle1 run f\r times ab\t ! fire & c5t] pole1 & ?r[ ! rattle at ! *ief s+]1 call+ ^u him = a song4 ,?is mu/ be at once =?com+1 & ! gho/ dance itself 0 !n resum$4 ,if "s "o 9 ! audi5ce wi%$ to h ! s++ & danc+ resum$1 he ?rew a cocoon rattle at "o ( ! fire-t5d]s1 :o pass$ x to "o ( ! katsatala1 :o !n ran ab\t ! fire & pres5t$ x to ! *ief s+] z j describ$4 ,songs 7 sometimes sung indep5d5tly & unaccompani$ by danc+4 ,?is 0 especially ! case 9 :at may be t]m$ s++ conte/s4 ,^u receiv+ ! rattle1 a s+] 0 oblig$ at once to s+ "s song4 ,he !n pass$ ! rattle to ano!r s+]1 :o did likewise4 ,?us ea* ( ! r5[n$ s+]s 0 giv5 an opportunity to prove 8 m]it4 ,ea* man's song 0 accompani$ by a p>ade ( ! p]=m]s1 :i* c>ri$ ! p>ty1 includ+ ! s+]1 f\r times ar\nd ! danc+ area4 ,,fire ,,eat+ ,fire-eat+ 0 re/rict$1 z above /at$1 to ! a%-devils1 &1 :ile sometimes practic$ dur+ int]missions 9 ! regul> gho/ dance1 x 0 usually held z a sep>ate c]emony 9 ! ev5+ & 0 prec$$ by a %ort dance4 ,! dress ( ! a%-devils consi/$ ( a coat ( pa9t & a v simple headdress4#bj ,9 addition1 h[ev]1 !y c>ri$ special c]emonial /affs call$ ta blat 7,e71 kasasaa 7,e71 & kasa,isala 7,e74 ,to "o end ( ?is c]emonial /aff 0 fix$ ! head ( a crane4 ,grass 0 us$ to /uff ! neck "p1 bits ( abalone 7,haliotis7 %ell made ! eyes1 & bluejay fea!rs 7 made into a topknot4 ,x 0 p]missible to use w&s ( slightly diff]5t =ms1 b all 7 crook$ 9 "s way1 & ! crane-head$ /aff 0 ! recogniz$ v>iety4 ,:5 ?is special c]emony comm5c$1 ! a%-devils became supreme & took prec$5ce ov] ev]ybody4 ,a gu>d 0 po/$ at ! foot ( ! side po/ to ! ea/ ( ! door1 & no "o 0 p]mitt$ to leave ! dance-h\se aft] ! c]emony _h begun except ^u paym5t ( a c]ta9 sum ( :at 0 t]m$ ^u ?is occasion bead money 7catane 7,e774 ,z a matt] ( fact1 two or ?ree /ems ( ru%1 f f\r to six feet 9 l5g?1 7 b\nd toge!r & 7 giv5 to ! gu>d z paym5t4 ,he took ?is money & hung x on ! wall ne> ! drum1 aft] hav+ danc$ a few quick /eps ^u ! drum ) x 9 8 h&s4 ,^! ru%es 7 legal t5d] dur+ ?is c]emony2 & if ! danc]s ask$ a favor ( any "o else 9 ! dance-h\se !y paid him = ! s]vice 9 ?is same legal t5d]4 ,_! au?ority 0 especially %[n by _! use ( ! crane-head w&s1 :i* no "o else 0 p]mitt$ to t\*4 ,!y c\ld be h&l$ only aft] a long fa/ involv+ complete ab/95ce f wat] & f meat or grease 9 any =m4 ,z soon z ! a%-devils ent]$ ! dance-h\se absolute sil5ce fell ^u all4 ,except ! a%-devils1 no "o1 n except+ ! head capta91 0 p]mitt$ to speak dur+ ! c]emony4 ,! rule 0 t ! a%-devils !mselves mu/ consult "o ano!r 9 l[ tones4 ,imm$iately ^u ent]+ ! dance-h\se ! ma9 gr\p ( a%-devils took up a position at ! foot ( ! c5t] pole &1 9 case "s "o ( ! spectators did n almo/ imm$iately />t a song = _! dance1 !y might jump into ! fire & beg9 to ?r[ br&s & live coals ab\t among ! spectators4 ,?is dra/ic action quickly call$ =? a prote/1 & "s "o volunte]$ to s+4 ,! actual danc+ la/$ = p]haps half an h\r1 aft] :i* ! a%-devils sat d[n & began to eat fire1 jump into x1 & p]=m o!r miracul\s feats ) x4 ,!y1 to all appe>ances1 actually pick$ up live coals1 :i* !y call$ b 7,e71 & dev\r$ !m1 pref]r+ ! coals ( manzanita wood1 z ^! 7 ! /ronge/ & hotte/4 ,?is t]m b is translat$ by ! ,pomo z potatoes1 a t]m appli$ to ! _m species ( bulbs & corms =m]ly an important "p ( _! food supply4 ,! ^w = coals is masik 7,e74 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! danc+ a fire-t5d] _h be5 prep>+ ! fire = ! special b5efit ( ! a%-devils1 & _h select$ a consid]able quantity ( live coals1 :i* he _h pil$ at "o side ( ! ma9 fire4 ,sudd5ly "o ( ! fire-danc]s put 8 h& into ^! coals & scatt]$ !m out ov] ! danc+ floor4 ,!n he pret5d$ to be burn$ & danc$ ab\t z if 9 pa94 ,f9ally1 h[ev]1 he /ruck ! c5t] pole ) 8 h& & ev9c$ great satisfaction1 = to him ! c5t] pole 0 z cold wat]4 ,dur+ ?is fire-eat+ c]emony _m o!r feats 7 p]=m$1 su* z cat*+ ) ! m\? a live coal :i* _h be5 ?r[n into ! air1 !n runn+ back to ! drum & danc+ ^u x4 ,! danc] usually turn$ t[>d ! audi5ce1 op5$ 8 m\?1 & exhal$ 8 brea? 9 su* a way z to cause ! coal to gl[ betwe5 8 tee? or f>!r back 9 8 m\?4 ,su* comical antics w\ld 9 ord9>y life provoke an outbur/ ( m]rim5t1 b ! rules ( ! c]emony absolutely =bade a s\nd ( any k9d1 mir?ful or o!rwise1 f ! audi5ce1 & if ! rule 7 violat$ a f9e 0 exact$4 ,dur+ ?is c]emony1 & app>5tly z an initiation ( novices1 little boys 7 ?r[n by ! a%-devils back & =? a numb] ( times ?r\gh ! blaze ( a l>ge fire4 ,f9ally1 aft] ab\t half an h\r ( ?is eat+ & h&l+ ( fire1 ! a%-devils =m$ at ! drum & danc$ ov] a c\rse su* z t %[n 9 figure #e4 ,?is 0 repeat$ f\r times1 & z ea* danc] /epp$ ^u ! drum he danc$ a few %ort1 quick /eps1 z did ! regul> drumm] 9 produc+ music = an ord9>y dance4 ,^u complet+ ?is cycle ( f\r1 ! danc]s rev]s$ _! direction & travel$ ov] ! same c\rse f\r times4 ,!y next pass$ ov] ! c\rse repres5t$ 9 figure #f1 /opp+ at ! f\r po9ts m>k$ ,i1 :]e ea* danc] wav$ 8 w&1 :i* he held ) bo? h&s1 above & 9 front ( 8 head 9 su* a mann] z to describe ) x a semicircle1 :ile ! spectators cri$ hee4444 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e ,fig4 #f ,fig4 #e--;,c\rse 9 fir/ "p ( f9al fire dance4 ,fig4 #f--;,c\rse 9 second "p ( f9al fire dance4 ,! danc]s !n return$ to ! drum1 remov$ _! head-dresses & nets1 & danc$ back & =? f\r times along ! l9e indicat$ 9 figure #g4 ,at ! end ( ea* j\rney along ?is l9e1 ! danc]s blew _! brea? =cibly ?r\gh _! lips & wav$ _! h&s f _! m\?s4 ,at ! end ( ?is cycle !y sat d[n & became ord9>y p]sons#ba once m4 ,! spectators 7 !n p]mitt$ to d z !y wi%$4 ,!y c\ld resume _! normal ways1 includ+ smok+1 :i* _h be5 prohibit$ because ! fire & ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to x belong$ exclusively to ! fire-danc]s dur+ ?is c]emony4 ,,! ,,purification ,,rite ,dur+ ! fir/ ?ree days & nights ( ! gho/ c]emony1 ei!r ! gho/ dance itself or "s o!r dance associat$ ) x might be held4 ,on ! f\r? night x 0 necess>y t ! entire night be sp5t 9 danc+1 & ne> dawn !re occurr$ a purification rite accompani$ by special songs4 ,e c]emonial object ab\t ! dance-h\se1 :e!r x _h be5 us$ dur+ ! prec$+ days or n1 _h to und]go ?is purification1 & 9 case ! own] ( su* a c]emonial object 0 n pres5t1 "s ne> relative p]=m$ ! c]emony ) x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g--;,c\rse 9 ?ird "p ( f9al fire dance4 ,j be=e sunrise ea* danc]1 hold+ up 8 p]sonal c]emonial p>aph]nalia 9 8 "r h&1 danc$ back & =? 9 "t to ! songs4 ,he danc$ f\r times look+ t[>d ea* ( ! six c>d9al directions 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ea/1 nor?1 we/1 s\?1 up1 d[n4 ,all ! c]emonial objects 7 !n hung up 9 ! dance-h\se & lat] /or$ away secretly by ! *ief ,gks doctor4 ,! c]emony end$ dur+ ! foll[+ =5oon ) a gr& fea/1 :i* diff]$ mat]ially f o!r fea/s held at times dur+ ! c]emony1 9 t ea* sep>ate class ( individuals d9$ by itself 9 ! ord] ( rank--capta9s1 fire-t5d]s1 s+]s1 drumm]s1 ma/]s ( c]emonies1 a%-devils1 gho/-danc]s1 & spectators4 ,! food s]v$ to ea* class 01 h[ev]1 ( ! same k9d & quality4 ,c]ta9 re/rictions 7 impos$ ^u ! danc]s aft] ! c]emony 0 ov]4 ,! regul> gho/-danc]s 7 n all[$ to eat meat = eight days4 ,^? :o wore ! *aplet ( twigs ^u ! head 7 oblig$ to ab/a9 f meat = f\r days4 ,! ,gks doctor :o assi/$ a danc] 9 dress+ might ask him = "s article1 su* z a p[]ful poison4 ,?is _h to be giv5 ! ,gks &1 9 t case1 ! danc] 0 =c$ to ab/a9 f meat = eight days4 ,a danc] :o wore c]ta9 k9ds ( fea!r ornam5ts ab/a9$ f meat = a mon?4 ,! *ief ,gks doctor1 :o knew all ab\t ! gho/ dance & :o 0 call$ ymta bate 7,e71 0 compell$ to ab/a9 f meat = sev]al mon?s4 ,x 0 8 duty to c>e = ! c]emonial p>aph]nalia betwe5 dances4 ,?is _h to be c>efully hidd5 away 9 "s lonely spot :]e no "o c\ld f9d x except ?is *ief ,gks doctor & 8 two or ?ree assi/ants4 ,:5ev] any "o ( ^! individuals ate meat or fi% = ! fir/ "t aft] ?is p]iod ( re/riction _h expir$ he 0 enjo9$ to say a %ort pray] ov] x4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,! ,,pr9cipal ,,features ,,( ,,! ,,gho/ ,,c]emony ,! foll[+ are ! mo/ *>act]i/ic features ( ! gho/ or devil c]emony3 #a4 ,! c]emony is suppos$ to h _h its orig9 9 my?ical times & to h be5 in/itut$ z an atonem5t = an (f5se aga9/ ! dead4 #b4 ,x la/$ f\r days1 end+ ) an all-night dance1 &1 on ! morn+ ( ! fif? day1 a purification rite foll[$ by a fea/ 9 :i* ea* class ( individuals d9$ by itself4 #c4 ,! p>ticipants 7 sev]al gho/-or devil-danc]s p]sonat+ ! spirits ( ! dep>t$ & accompani$ frequ5tly1 ?\gh n always1 by "o or m a%-devils or a%-gho/s1 :o fill$ ! d\ble (fice ( cl[n & s]geant-at-arms1 & :o usually p]=m$ _! special fire dance & fire-eat+ c]emony4 #d4 ,! (ficials p>ticul>ly conc]n$ ) ! c]emony 7 two head s+]s1 an indef9ite numb] ( burd5-s+]s1 a drumm]1 two fire-t5d]s1 & two ma/]s ( c]emonies4 ,! village capta9s reta9$ _! full au?ority 9 ?is c]emony except :5 ! a%-devils 7 p]=m+4 #e4 ,! audi5ce consi/$ ( initiat$ m5 only1 & sil5ce 0 ! rule4 ,any exhibition ( mir? 0 absolutely prohibit$ "u p5alty4 #f4 ,! attire ( ! gho/-danc] consi/$ ( sev]al pieces ( headge>1 supplem5t$ 9 "s cases by a *aplet ( leaves1 a girdle1 & sometimes a neck-r+ ( leaves4 ,! body 0 o!rwise nude except = v elaborate pa9t+ 9 black1 :ite1 & r$4 ,! danc]s dress$ secretly 9 ! woods & came to ! village c>ry+ bun*es ( grass or twigs 9 _! h&s1 beh9d :i* !y at times pret5d$ to hide4 #g4 ,! a%-devils wore only a simple head-dress & a coat ( pa9t4 #h4 ,! special crane-head %ap$ w& ( ! a%-devil gave him absolute au?ority4 #i4 ,! danc]s ent]$ ! village at ! call ( a cri] /ation$ on top ( ! dance-h\se1 p]=m$ an elaborate c]emony 9 front ( ! dance-h\se1 & f9ally ent]$ x backw>ds1 grop+ _! way1 us+ an inv]t$ /yle ( spee*1 & 9 e o!r mann] %[+ t ! spirits ( ! dep>t$ 7 unaccu/om$ to ! ways ( mortals4 #aj4 ,! danc+ 0 elaborate & 0 *>act]iz$ by ! occurr5ce ( movem5ts 9 cycles ( f\r1 foll[$ by an elaborate c]emonial disrob+ at ! drum1 & !n by swimm+4 #aa4 ,dur+ ! fire dance ! a%-devils initiat$ novices4 #ab4 ,! danc]s 7 subject to c]ta9 re/rictions = v>y+ p]iods ( "t foll[+ ! c]emony4 ,,footnotes3 #g ,contr4 ,n4,a4 ,e?n41 ,,iii1 #aeh-afj1 #ahgg4 #h ,loc4 cit4 #i ,op4 cit41 pp4 #aic-aid4 #aj ,see bel[1 p4 #dad4 #aa ,! exact id5tity ( ?is sup]natural be+ c\ld n be det]m9$ f in=mants4 #ab ,accord+ to "o in=mant1 two fea!rs in/ead ( "o 7 worn by ^! danc]s4 ,^! 7 plac$ s t !y project$ lat]ally f ! =ehead4 #ac ,"o in=mant /at$ t ea* danc] 0 ablaze on 8 back1 head1 & arms1 & t smoke issu$ f 8 m\?4 ,?is accords ) ,p[]'s /atem5ts1 quot$ above4 #ad ,accord+ to "o in=mant1 "s ( ^! danc]s c>ri$ /ones1 long /icks1 or ev5 snakes ) :i* to fright5 ! spectators4 ,note also ,p[]'s ref]5ce to ! use ( ! rattlesnake 9 ! gho/ dance1 quot$ above4 #ae ,two or ?ree danc]s sometimes came toge!r4 #af ,mibax bl maldai 7,e74 #ag ,?is expression 0 said by in=mants to be untranslatable1 simply an expression us$ to />t ! song4 ,?is jump+ ^u ! drum & call+ by ! drumm] 7 call$ tehesba 7,e74 #ah ,comp>e bel[1 p4 #dai4 #ai ,see bel[1 p4 #dah4 #bj ,see bel[1 p4 #dbj4 #ba ,accord+ to ! above in=mation1 :i* 0 obta9$ f an ,ea/]n ,pomo in=mant1 ! fire-danc]s evid5tly did n make an attempt to hide _! id5tity4 ,h[ev]1 a ,c5tral ,pomo in=mant 0 v specific 9 8 /atem5ts t ! danc]s ( 8 locality 7 m p>ticul> 9 ?is respect1 & in/ead ( rema9+ 9 ! dance-h\se aft] ! c]emony !y ran out & return$ to _! respective places ( seclusion1 !re to dress 9 daily attire & return to ! village4 ,,! ,,guksu ,,c]emony ,gks or kks1 z he is call$ 9 ! diff]5t ,pomo dialects1 0 a sup]natural be+ liv+ at ! end ( ! _w t[>d ! s\?1 "o ( six sup]natural be+s liv+ at ! ends ( ! _w 9 ! six c>d9al directions4 ,! t]m is also appli$ to a l>ge mosquito-l insect1 call$ locally gall9ipp]4 ,t[>d ! ea/ liv$ ,calnis1 ! only "o ( ^! deities :o 0 associat$ especially ) ,gks 9 ! c]emonies ( ! ,pomo4 ,t[>d ! nor? liv$ ,spadax 7:irlw9d74 ,t[>d ! we/ liv$ ,xa-matts 7wat]-occupation74 ,! connection is "h v readily se5 :5 we "k t ! t]ritory ( ! ,pomo rea*$ to ! ,pacific ,ocean1 & t ?is great body ( wat] =m$ an important elem5t 9 c]ta9 phases ( _! my?ology4 ,x 0 only t[>d ! we/ t ! _w 0 suppos$ by ! ,pomo to be b\nd$ by wat]4 ,above liv$ ,kal-matts 7sky-occupation74 ,bel[ liv$ ,kai-matts 7e>?-occupation74 ,"s ( ^! t]ms really ref]r$ to gr\ps ( sev]al deities ea*4 ,! deities ( all six qu>t]s 7 p>ticul>ly conc]n$ ) m$ic9e practices4 ,heal+ 01 h[ev]1 especially ! prov9ce ( ! ,gkss1 & ! ,pomo m$ic9e-m51 or doctors1 made _! pray]s p>ticul>ly to !m1 al?\gh all ! rema9+ deities ( ! c>d9al po9ts 7 invok$4 ,no?+ v def9ite seems to be kn[n conc]n+ ! places ( abode or mann]s ( liv+ ( mo/ ( ^! deities4 ,ea* 0 suppos$ to dwell1 at 8 own end ( ! _w1 9 a sweat-h\se or dance-h\se ( "o k9d or ano!r4 ,ea* 0 also suppos$ to be di/9ctly malevol5t at times & to be a man-kill] unless prop]ly placat$4 ,"u ! prop] circum/ances !y 7 reg>d$ z b5evol5t1 z 0 indicat$ by ! pray]s ( ! m$ic9e-m5 invok+ ! aid ( ^! deities 9 cur+ ! sick4 ,conc]n+ ! p]sonal appe>ance ( ,gks & ,calnis1 m 0 kn[n ?an ( ! o!rs4 ,gks himself 0 said to be ( ab\t normal human size & 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic feature 0 a v long1 l>ge1 %>p1 r$ nose4 ,he 0 usually v good natur$4 ,calnis1 on ! o!r h&1 :ile resembl+ ,gks 9 mo/ respects except t ( ! abnormal nose1 0 at all times a te/y individual1 & 9 ! ,gks c]emony 8 imp]sonator pursu$ p & tripp$ !m up4 ,gks 0 imp]sonat$ by a numb] ( danc]s1 :ile only a s+le "o repres5t$ ,calnis4 ,^? p]sonat+ ,gks 7 dress$ z foll[s3 ,!y pa9t$ _! entire bodies black1 accord+ to "s in=mants2 accord+ to o!rs1 ) horizontal r$1 :ite1 & black /ripes4 ,! feet 7 pa9t$ black & ! "u side ( ! *9 & ! sides ( ! face 7 pa9t$ :ite4 ,on _! heads !y wore ei!r a big-head headdress 7a v bulky type ( fea!r bonnet7 or a l>ge fea!r tuft on top ( ! head1 & a yell[-hamm] fea!r =ehead-b&4 ,! l>ge nose ( ,gks 0 repres5t$ by "o made ( fea!rs & ( su* a size z completely to cov] ! nose & m\? ( ! danc]4 ,:5 pa9t$ r$1 ?is 0 said to repres5t v well ?is *>act]i/ic ( ! deity z he exi/$ 9 ! imag9ation ( ! ,indians4 ,! connection ) ! proboscis ( ! gall9ipp] is especially apt4 ,ea* ,gks-danc] c>ri$ a cakik 7,e71 or /aff1 ab\t two in*es 9 diamet] & f six to eight feet 9 l5g?1 on ! top ( :i* 0 a fea!r tuft4 ,! ,gks-danc]1 be+ suppos$ly a sup]natural be+1 nev] spoke4 ,! only s\nd made by him ?r\gh\t ?is c]emony 0 produc$ by 8 :i/le4 ,! ,calnis-danc] 0 pa9t$ entirely black & c>ri$ a black /aff v mu* l t ( ! ,gks1 except t x 0 some:at %ort] & bore no fea!rs4 ,on 8 head he wore an ord9>y fea!r cape s drawn toge!r t x =m$ an imm5se fea!r topknot :i* normally fell 9 all directions ov] 8 head4 ,?is 0 held 9 place by means ( skew]s pass+ ?r\gh a headnet4 ,ano!r po9t 9 :i* ^! two danc]s diff]$ 0 t :ile ! ,gks-danc] 0 provid$ ) a d\ble bone :i/le ! ,calnis-danc] _h none4 ,! ,gks c]emony itself1 call$ gks xaikilga 7,e71 gaxagaxa xaixilga 7,e71 kks haitcila 7,c71 & djakadjaka 7,n71 la/$ = six days1 dur+ ! fir/ & ! la/ two ( :i* !re 0 celebrat$ ! special c]emony call$ gaxagaxa 7,e71 9 :i* ! *ildr5 ( ! village 7 sc>ifi$4 ,,! ,,sc>ify+ ,,c]emony ,two or ?ree days be=e ! "t appo9t$ = ! sc>ify+ c]emony ! m5 ( ! village w5t into ! woods & cut a pole1 p]haps f ?irty to =ty feet 9 l5g?1 :i* !y trimm$ & peel$ prep>atory to its erection4 ,a hole a foot or two deep & l>ge en\gh to receive ! pole 0 dug directly 9 front (1 & a %ort di/ance f1 ! dance-h\se4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! fir/ c]emonial day a consid]able numb] ( m5 w5t out f ! village dress$ 9 a special c]emonial attire4 ,?is consi/$ ( a body-pa9t+ ei!r ( black /ripes or spots 7no p>ticul> numb] be+ prescrib$71 & ( a head decoration compos$ ( a headnet1 a d[n headnet1 two trembl] plumes1 a yell[-hamm]1 fea!r =ehead-b&1 & a small fea!r tuft4 ,!y br\ght 9 ! pole to ! area directly 9 front ( ! dance-h\se1 & "h ! foll[+ c]emony 0 p]=m$3 ,to ! upp] end ( ! pole a /ream] 0 atta*$4 ,! fa/e/ runn] among ! p>ticipants took ! end ( ?is /ream]1 & ! o!r m51 arrang$ usually 9 ! ord] ( _! ability z runn]s1 grasp$ ! pole at diff]5t po9ts d[n to its butt4 ,beh9d ?is l9e c]ta9 wom5 :o p>ticipat$ =m$ a second l9e4 ,! pole 0 !n c>ri$1 at ! top spe$ ( ! runn]s1 f\r times ar\nd 9 a contra-clockwise direction1 ! pivotal po9t be+ ! hole 9 :i* ! pole 0 to re/1 & ov] :i* its base 0 held4 ,z !y ran ! runn]s sway$ ! pole up & d[n1 & ! wom5 ?rew ^u ! m5 h&fuls ( a small1 p>*$1 black se$ call$ ghe 7,e74 ,^u ! completion ( ! f\r? r\nd "s "o ( ! runn]s %\t$ l\dly ha 444 444 & at ?is signal all lift$ ! pole v]tically into place 9 ! hole4 ,! call 0 repeat$ z ! pole 0 ab\t half way up4 ,:5 9 place1 ! pole 0 fix$ by tramp+ e>? & /ones ab\t x4 ,)9 a few m9utes aft] ! erection ( ! pole ! ,gks-danc]s appe>$ & /opp$ ab\t two or ?ree hundr$ y>ds away f ! dance-h\se4 ,"s ( ! m5 _h be5 attempt+ to climb ! pole1 bo? m5 & wom5 mean:ile ?r[+ at !m balls1 galal 7,e71 ( uncook$ meal made ( a c]ta9 grass se$4 ,z ! ,gks-danc]s appe>$ 9 ! di/ance ! climb+ ceas$1 & ! *ildr5 :o 7 to be initiat$ 7 collect$ ab\t ! base ( ! pole4 ,boys :o 7 to be ?us initiat$ 7 call$ ymta 7,e71 :ile girls 7 call$ masanta 7,e74 ,!y rang$ 9 age f p]haps five to t5 ye>s4 ,! danc]s proce$$ to ! foot ( ! pole1 took ! *ildr5 9 h&1 & p]=m$ ! foll[+ c]emony1 ! object ( :i* 0 to secure = ! *ildr5 good heal? & to make !m gr[ rapidly4 ,! *ildr5 7 fir/ made to lie d[n ^u ! gr\nd & 7 cov]$ ) blankets4 ,!n1 "u ! sup]vision ( ! danc]s1 ea* *ild _h two cuts made ) a brok5 %ell across ! small ( its back & ab\t an in* ap>t4 ,! cutt+ 0 done by ! gaxa xale 7,e71 an old man select$ = ! purpose by ! p ( ! village on acc\nt ( 8 long life1 good heal?1 & p>ticul>ly 8 good he>t$ness4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! mo/ important phases ( ! initiation1 & ^u x dep5d$ ! effect ^u ! life ( ! *ild4 ,! *ildr5 7 9 ea* case cov]$ completely ) ! blanket & 7 n p]mitt$1 "u any consid]ation1 to look up dur+ ?is "p ( ! c]emony4 ,!y might make any outcry !y pleas$1 b if !y attempt$ to look up f ! gr\nd !y 7 ?reat5$ & ev5 beat5 ) ! /affs ( ! danc]s4 ,! cutt+ 0 done q deeply1 s t blood 0 always drawn4 ,! *ildr5 7 also prohibit$ f look+ up into a tree f "u its bran*es until aft] ^! sc>ifications _h completely heal$1 else ! tree w\ld be> no fruit4 ,! entire assemblage next ent]$ ! dance-h\se1 ! danc]s go+ directly to _! positions 9 ! re> )\t ! prelim9>y c]emony ( entry :i* 0 requir$ 9 mo/ o!r c]emonies4 ,! *ildr5 7 made to lie on ! floor & 7 aga9 cov]$ ) _! blankets4 ,! danc]s !n p]=m$ = _! b5efit1 mak+ a great deal ( fun bo? ( ! *ildr5 & ( ! sc>ification c]emony4 ,!y danc$ ?us = a %ort "t1 !n w5t on ! we/ side ( ! fire1 :]e !y turn$ _! heads sl[ly to ! left f\r times1 aft] :i* ! p cri$ ya4444 ,! danc]s !n ran out & into ! bru%1 :]e !y took (f & left _! danc+ p>aph]nalia4 ,?is c]emonial leav+ ( ! dance-h\se 0 suppos$ to remove all illness f ! village1 ! danc]s tak+ x ) !m z !y w5t out4 ,! spirits :i* !y repres5t$ suppos$ly return$ at t "t to _! sup]natural home at ! s\? end ( ! _w4 ,ano!r feature ( ! initiation 9 ! ,gks c]emony is describ$ by a ,c5tral ,pomo in=mant1 :o says t "y m5 7 initiat$ by be+ c]emonially %ot ) ! b[ & arr[4 ,,/eph5 ,,p[]s ,,on ,,! ,,guksu ,,c]emony ,p[]s describes :at he t]ms a spe> dance among ! ,gall9om]o 7:i* evid5tly ref]s to ?is same c]emony71 z foll[s3#bb ,fir/ !y all unite1 m5 & squaws toge!r1 9 a pleasant dance1 accompani$ by a *ant1 :ile a *ori/] keeps "t by beat+ on 8 h& ) a split /ick4 ,9 addition to _! f9e/ de]sk9 *emises & /r+s ( beads1 ! squaws we> l>ge puffs ( yell[hamm]s' d[n ov] _! eyes4 ,! m5 h mantles ( buzz>ds'1 hawks'1 or eagles' tail-fea!rs1 rea*+ f ! armpits d[n to ! ?ighs1 & circul> headdresses ( ! same mat]ial1 besides _! usual bree*-cl\ts ( ra:ide1 & are pa9t$ 9 front ) t]rific spl5dor4 ,!y dance 9 two circles1 ! squaws 9 ! outside "o2 ! m5 leap+ up & d[n z usual1 & ! squaws simply sway+ _! bodies & wav+ _! h&k]*iefs 9 a lackadaisical mann]4 ,occasionally an ,indian w %oot away ?r\gh ! int]ior ( ! circle & cap] l a h>lequ9 = a consid]able space ( "t1 b he always returns to 8 place 9 front ( 8 p>tn]4 ,aft] ?is is ov]1 ! c[>d or cl[n is provid$ ) a long1 %>p /ick1 & he & 8 prompt] take _! places 9 ! r+ ready = p]=mances4 ,a woman z ne>ly nude z b>b>ic mode/y w p]mit is plac$ 9 ! c5t]1 squatt+ on ! gr\nd4 ,!n "s ,indian intones a *ant1 :i* he s+s alone1 & ! sport1 su* z x is1 beg9s4 ,at ! bidd+ ( ! prompt]1 ! c[>d makes a furi\s sally 9 "o direction1 & ) 8 spe> /abs ! empty air4 ,!n he da%es back 9 ! opposite direction & sla%es into ! air aga94 ,next he runs "s o!r way & /abs aga94 ,n[ p]haps he makes a fe9t to pi]ce ! woman4 ,?us ! prompt] keeps him *as+ backw>d & =w>d1 spe>+ ! ?9 air t[>d e po9t ( ! compass1 or mak+ passes at ! woman1 until ne>ly tir$ out1 & ! pati5ce ( ! ,am]ican spectators is exhau/$1 & !y beg9 to ?9k ! :ole affair w t]m9ate 9 m]e dumb %[4 ,b f9ally1 at a ^w f ! prompt]1 ! spe>man makes a trem5d\s run at ! woman & /abs h] 9 ! umbilicus4 ,%e falls ov] on ! gr\nd1 quiv]+ 9 e limb1 & ! blood jets =? 9 a purple /ream4 ,! ,indians all ru% ar\nd h] quickly & hu/le h] away to ano!r place1 :]e !y comm5ce lay+ h] out = ! fun]al pyre1 b huddle ar\nd h] s ?ickly all ! :ile t ! ,am]icans _c approa* to see :at is done4 ,?us !y my/ify matt]s & hold "s p[w[ ov] h] = a consid]able space ( "t1 :5 %e someh[ my/]i\sly revives1 recov]s h] feet1 goes away to h] wigwam1 encircl$ by a bevy ( h] companions1 dons h] robe1 & appe>s 9 ! circle z well z ev]1 despite t t]rible spe>-?ru/4 ,m5 :o h witness$ ?is p]=mance tell me ! fir/ "t !y saw x !y w\ld h tak5 _! oa?s t ! woman 0 /abb$ unto dea?1 s p]fect 0 ! illusion4 ,al?\gh ?is trave/y ( gladiatorial combat is int5d$ m]ely = amusem5t1 yet all ! ,indians1 ^! /oics ( ! woods1 gaze ^u x ) pr(\nd & passionless gravity4 ,if !y laugh at all x is only aft] x is all ov]1 & at ! my/ification ( ! ,am]icans4 ,ref]r+ to ano!r phase ( ! same dance1 z practic$ 9 ano!r division ( ! ,pomo1 ,p[]s says3 ,_! fa%ion ( ! spe> dance is diff]5t f ! ,gall9om]o4 ,! man :o is to be sla9 /&s beh9d a scre5 ( hazel b\ghs ) 8 face visible ?r\gh an ap]ture2 & ! spe>man1 aft] ! usual protract$ da%+ ab\t & mak+ ( fe9ts1 /rikes him 9 ! face ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! scre54 ,he is !n c>ri$ (f1 revives1 etc4#bc ,! novices :o 7 ?us %ot 7 call$ tcktck 7,c7 plural tcktckau1 & ! p]son :o did ! %oot+1 at ! direction ( ! head capta91 0 call$ yomta 7,c74 ,! in=mant did n /ate j :]e ! %oot+ 0 p]=m$ & 0 n explicit z to its exact nature1 b x appe>s probable t x occurr$ 9 ! dance-h\se4 ,^! novices 7 =bidd5 to eat fre% manzanita b]ries & ! fle% ( ! fawn1 ! gray squirrel1 & ! r$-head$ woodpeck]4 ,aft] ! %oot+ c]emony ! novices 7 tak5 out into ! area directly 9 front ( ! dance-h\se1 & "h a c]emony ( heal+ 0 p]=m$ ov] !m by ! "o :o %ot !m4 ,he told !m t !y w\ld h long life & heal?1 & t a fea/ w\ld be held = !m 9 ! c\rse ( a few days4 ,,completion ,,( ,,! ,,guksu ,,c]emony ,! ,gks-danc]s appe>$ only once ea* day 9 ?is ,gks c]emony1 ?\gh v>i\s o!r dances might be held dur+ ! day1 & x 0 only ^u ! fir/ morn+ t ! c]emony ab\t ! pole & ! sc>ification above describ$ 7 held4 ,! c]emony la/$1 all told1 six days4 ,! c]emonies ( ! fir/ day h j be5 describ$4 ,^? ( ! foll[+ ?ree days consi/$ ( "o appe>ance ( ! ,gkss ea* day1 accompani$ by a simple dance4 ,on ! morn+ ( ! fif? day1 h[ev]1 ! *ildr5 :o und]w5t ! sc>ification on ! fir/ day 7 aga9 assembl$ & driv5 by ! danc]s z rapidly z possible ab\t ! village & out into ! valley4 ,! *ildr5 held "o ano!r's h&s z !y 7 driv51 mak+ a cont9u\s l9e4 ,:5 !y _h become q fatigu$1 !y 7 made to lie d[n & ! danc]s cov]$ !m ) bran*es4 ,!y rema9$ "h ?r\gh\t ! day & 7 aga9 driv5 ab\t 9 ! same mann] j aft] sund[n1 be+ aga9 cov]$ ) bran*es1 "u :i* !y /ay$ until morn+4 ,!y 7 !n br\ght 9 by ! danc]s & made to p]=m a %ort dance 9 a bru% inclosure1 call$ male 7,e71 :i* 0 built j outside ! dance-h\se = ?is special purpose4 ,aft] ?is1 an old man1 probably ! same :o p]=m$ ! sc>ification1 sang ov] ! *ildr54 ,dur+ ?is dance ea* *ild c>ri$ a small will[ twig1 :i* he ?rew onto a pile at ! end ( ! dance1 aft] :i* he 0 free to g 8 way1 & ! entire c]emony 0 end$4 ,! fire-t5d] bore ^! twigs away & deposit$ !m at "s di/ance f ! village4 ,a ,gks-danc] appe>$ at o!r c]emonies1 b only = ! purpose ( remov+ sickness f ! village4 ,he 0 sometimes call$ 91 z 7 o!r danc]s1 b (t5 he appe>$ unann\nc$4 ,he1 h[ev]1 always notifi$ at lea/ "o individual1 ^: duty x 0 to assi/ him & direct 8 movem5ts4 ,app>5tly ?is individual 0 n a p>ticul> (ficial1 b might be any fri5d ( ! ,gks-danc]4 ,! c]emony 0 a v %ort "o4 ,! ,gks ran rapidly 9 & pass$ 9 a contra-clockwise direction f\r times ar\nd ! fire4 ,he !n hurri$ to a position directly 9 front ( ! c5t] pole & "h ran swiftly back & =? f\r times ov] a %ort1 /raight c\rse4 ,he !n ran ar\nd back ( ! c5t] pole & /opp$ on its we/ side4 ,"h he turn$ 8 head sl[ly to ! left2 !n ran a %ort di/ance t[>d ! door1 /opp+ & repeat+ ?is motion1 mak+ 9 all f\r su* /ops4 ,aft] ?is he ran swiftly out ?r\gh ! tunnel & back to ! woods1 :]e he undress$ & return$ z an ord9>y civilian to ! village4 ,z he />t$ to run out ( ! tunnel1 ! p said1 ya 444 s 444 ptsal kam 7,e71 t is1 ya 444 s 444 heal?y make u4 ,! prolong$ s 0 simply a hiss+ expulsion ( brea?1 & z x 0 bl[n out 9 ?is fa%ion any disease :i* might possibly h f\nd lodgm5t 9 ! body ( ! individual 0 suppos$ to dep>t ) x & to be tak5 by ,gks to 8 home 9 ! s\?4 ,be=e dress+1 ! ,gks-danc]s always *ew$ up & rubb$ ^u _! bodies ! v sweet-sc5t$ se$ ( a c]ta9 species ( conif]1 kawacap 7,e71 gr[+ pl5tifully 9 ! region ( ,cle> ,lake4 ,a ,gks-danc] 0 =bidd5 to eat meat or dr9k any?+ be=e ! c]emony or be=e doctor+ a pati5t1 z describ$ bel[4 ,! ,gks-danc] might1 h[ev]1 eat vegetable foods & dr9k wat] aft] ! c]emonial swim1 :i* always occurr$ directly aft] 8 dance4 ,he c\ld n eat meat or greasy food ( any k9d = f\r days aft] a c]emony4 ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,disease ,9 addition to _! "p 9 ! sc>ify+ c]emony j describ$1 ! ,gks-danc]s =m$ a class ( m$ic9e-m51 & 7 (t5 call$ 9 to m9i/] to ! sick4 ,^! doctors1 :5 cur+ ! sick1 dress$ !mselves 9 ! co/ume ( ! regul> ,gks c]emony4 ,z 9 ! c]emony also1 ! ,gks doctor _h to be c]emonially summon$1 & he came 9 f ! woods imp]sonat+ ! sup]natural ,gks4 ,! latt] 0 pictur$1 to all int5ts & purposes1 z com+ f 8 home 9 ! s\? to p]=m ! m$ic9e rite & c>ry away ) him ! disease f ! sick p]son4 ,a special call 0 us$ 9 ?is case z foll[s3 hy 444 hy 444 repeat$ f\r times4 ,! ,gks doctor nev] spoke & nev] sang ov] 8 pati5ts1 b con/antly blew a d\ble bone :i/le 9 a *>act]i/ic way1 a v %ort bla/ foll[$ by a v long "o4 ,^u rea*+ ! pati5t1 :o might be ei!r 9 or out ( doors1 he ran ar\nd him sev]al times4 ,he !n ins]t$ ! po9t ( 8 /aff "u ! neck ( ! pati5t & made motions f\r times z if pry+ upw>ds4 ,he next ins]t$ ! /aff "u ! %\ld] & repeat$ ?is pry+ motion f\r times4 ,he did ! same at ! hips1 & f9ally at ! knees4 ,he next tapp$ & press$ d[n ) 8 /aff2 fir/ ^u ! =ehead1 !n ^u ! *e/1 !n ^u ! belly1 & f9ally ^u ! knees ( ! pati5t4 ,aft] ?is he ran rapidly out ( ! village & into ! hills1 :]e he /opp$ & turn$ 8 head t[>d ! left f\r times4 ,he !n disappe>$ & 0 suppos$ to h return$ to 8 sup]natural abode 9 ! s\?1 c>ry+ ) him ! ailm5t ( ! pati5t4 ,:ile ! above 0 ! typical proc$ure ( "o ( ^! doctors 9 cur+ a pati5t1 he _h great latitude1 & might1 at 8 own option1 omit altoge!r c]ta9 ( ! above m5tion$ movem5ts or use o!rs 9 _! places4 ,= in/ance1 he might pry z above1 or he might press & pat ! body ( ! pati5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he might simply pass 8 /aff d[n ov] ! body ( ! pati5t a numb] ( times1 usually f\r or "s multiple ( f\r1 or he might omit ! use ( ! /aff entirely & doctor ) 8 :i/le only1 9 :i* case he b5t ov] or knelt beside ! pati5t & blew 8 :i/le ov] ! v>i\s p>ts ( 8 body1 p>ticul>ly ^? recogniz$ by ! pati5t z ! seats ( pa94 ,,footnotes3 #bb ,u4,s4 ,dept4 ( ,int]ior1 ,contr4 ,n4,a4 ,e?n41 ,,iii1 #agi-ahj1 #ahgg4 #bc ,op4 cit41 p4 #aid4 ,,dances ,! dances ei!r =m$ integral p>ts ( ! above c]emonies or1 z /at$1 might be incid5tal & entirely unrelat$ to !m4 ,! ^w = dance is xe 9 ! ,ea/]n ,pomo dialect1 & ke 9 t ( ! ,c5tral & ,nor!rn ,pomo4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! ,pomo dances3 glak ke hh ke or hhwa ke ck9 ke dtka ke yaya ke y ke matc ke lhye ke kalmatt ke or kalmatautau ke w ke gnla xe helehela ke dama ke djane ke k>aiya ke sawet ke hw ke dam ke xoke xahlgak ke gks ke mata ke lole ke mommom ke toto ke tag ke badjca ke staiya ke ,9 a l>ge measure ! v>i\s dances 7 v simil> to "o ano!r s f> z ! /eps 7 conc]n$4 ,! *>act]i/ic /ep ( ! m5 0 a rhy?mic /amp+ ( ! feet1 ) ! body held 9 a half-cr\*+ po/ure4 ,sometimes ?is danc+ 0 done 9 place1 t is1 )\t mov+ f "o situation4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! danc] mov$ ov] a def9ite c\rse 9 ea* dance4 ,! movem5t 0 v>i$ slightly 9 accordance ) ! songs4 ,"s songs 7 v lively & ! /eps correspond+ly rapid1 :ile o!rs 7 mu* sl[]4 ,all 7 usually sung to ! accompanim5t ( ! l>ge foot-drum1 & split-/ick1 or cocoon rattle4 ,sometimes ! danc]s us$ s+le or d\ble bone :i/les4 ,! wom5 usually danc$ 9 place1 twi/+ ! body ab\t & sway+ slightly f side to side ) little or no motion ( ! feet4 ,9 "s in/ances1 h[ev]1 !y mov$ ov] a def9ite c\rse z did ! m54 ,! dance p>aph]nalia ( ! m5 consi/$ ( ! foll[+ articles3 #a4 ,! fea!r skirt4 #b4 ,! head-net1 blmak 7,e74 #c4 ,! d[n-fill$ head-net1 blmak 7,e74 #d4 ,! skew]1 call$ kan 7,n1 ,c1 ,e71 ) :i* ! fea!r headdresses1 tufts1 etc41 7 p9n$ to ! head-net4 #e4 ,! fea!r tuft1 biterk 7,e71 kaaitcil 7,c74 #f4 ,! big-head headdress4 #g4 ,! yell[-hamm] fea!r =ehead-b&1 tslpa 7,n1 ,c1 ,e74 #h4 ,! trembl] plume1 katas 7,n1 ,c1 ,e74 #i4 ,loose d[n1 te 7,e71 :i* 0 sometimes scatt]$ ab\t ov] ! fre%ly pa9t$ sk94 #aj4 ,a fillet ( pepp]wood leaves1 bhep m>t 7,e74 #aa4 ,a small gre5 twig or a bun* ( %r$d$ tule1 us$ 9 c]ta9 dances4 ,any object ( ?is k9d c>ri$ 9 ! h& :ile danc+ 0 call$ katohle 7,e74 ,c]ta9 ( ^! objects 7 prescrib$ = c]ta9 dances4 ,9 addition1 v>i\s items ( ord9>y p]sonal adornm5t 7 worn :i* d n specifically belong to dance p>aph]nalia--e> plugs1 p5dants1 necklaces ( beads1 etc4 ,! dance p>aph]nalia ( ! wom5 0 ! same z t ( ! m51 ?\gh1 z a rule1 ! m5 dress$ mu* m elaborately ?an ! wom54 ,! latt] _h1 h[ev]1 "o special type ( =ehead-b& :i* !y alone us$4 ,?is 0 a fur b& or roll provid$ ) a numb] ( bead$1 yell[-hamm] quill bangles4 ,an important "p ( ! attire = any dance 0 ! pa9t+1 :i* v>i$ greatly & 0 usually c>efully prescrib$ = ea* dance4 ,! body1 or a l>ge "p ( x1 might be cov]$ ) "o solid color1 & longitud9al or horizontal /ripes ( v>i\s wid?s & also dots ( v>i\s sizes might be us$4 ,black pa9t1 masik 7,e7 7lit]ally1 coals or *>coal71 0 mo/ easily obta9able & mo/ freely us$4 ,x consi/$ ( ord9>y *>coal f ! fire4 ,if a l>ge surface 0 to be pa9t$1 ! *>coal 0 pulv]iz$ 9 ! palms ( ! h&s & rubb$ on4 ,if l9es 7 desir$1 ?is p[d] might be appli$ ) ! f+]1 or a piece ( *>coal might be us$ z a p5cil4 ,also /ripes 7 sometimes produc$ by scrap+ (f "p ( ! pa9t ) ! f+]nails1 leav+ ! sk9 expos$ along ^! l9es4 ,9 case a /icky surface 0 requir$1 z1 = in/ance1 :5 d[n 0 to be lat] appli$1 ! pa9t 0 mix$ ) saliva4 ,:ite pa9t1 walalac 7,e71 made f a :iti% or v light blue e>?1 0 also consid]ably us$4 ,x 0 appli$ z 0 ! black pa9t4 ,r$ pa9t1 hmar 7,e71 0 made by pulv]iz+ c9nab>1 :i* 0 a r r>e m9]al 9 ! ,pomo region & 0 mu* priz$ & us$ v sp>+ly4 ,= purposes ( pres5tation x is simple/ to divide ! dances into ?ree classes3 7#a7 ^? danc$ by m5 & wom5 toge!r2 7#b7 ^? danc$ by m52 7#c7 ^? danc$ by wom54 ,fairly full in=mation 0 obta9$ ab\t "s ( ^! dances1 :ile 9 o!r cases b>ely ! names 7 rememb]$4 ,! foll[+ dances come "u ! fir/ head+3 glak hoho ck9 dtka yaya y matc lhye kalmatt w helehela gnla dama djane k>aiya sawet ,,dances ,,9 ,,:i* ,,m5 ,,& ,,wom5 ,,p>ticipat$ ,glak4--,! ,glak dance diff]$ f mo/ o!r ,pomo dances 9 t x consi/$ ( two p]=mances3 "o us$ = op5+ & clos+ proce$+s2 ! o!r1 or ma9 dance1 com+ 9 betwe54 ,! m5 pa9t$ ) a s+le color 7black1 :ite1 or r$7 all ( ! face bel[ ! eyebr[s1 aft] :i* !y scatt]$ eagle-d[n ^u x4 ,?is gave ! face a :ite1 fluffy appe>ance4 ,!y pa9t$ ! *e/ & %\ld]s black4 ,! legs 7 pa9t$ ei!r all black or all :ite4 ,!n longitud9al /ripes 7 scrat*$ ?r\gh ! pa9t ) ! f+]nails4 ,! arms 7 pa9t$ ) ?ree b&s1 ea* f\r f+]s 9 wid?2 "o ab\t ! middle ( ! upp] arm1 "o ab\t ! elb[1 & "o ab\t ! middle ( ! =e>m4 ,^u ! top ( ! head ea* wore a fea!r tuft4 ,?is 0 p>t$ f front to re>1 & ! yell[hamm]-fea!r =ehead-b&1 :i* 0 atta*$ to ! hair s z to hang d[n to ! eyebr[s1 pass$ ?r\gh ! "p 9 ?is & hung d[n ! back to ab\t ! hips4 ,a fea!r skirt ti$ j "u ! arms1 & entirely cov]+ ! back1 complet$ ! co/ume1 except = a few gre5 twigs :i* 7 held 9 bo? h&s directly 9 front ( ! face :ile ! dance 0 actually 9 progress4 ,no :i/le 0 us$ by ^! danc]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h--,position ( danc]s 9 glak ke4 ,! wom5 pa9t$ ! upp] "p ( ! body 9 ! same way z ! m5 & wore a fea!r tuft & ! regul> woman's =ehead-b& ) bangles4 ,!y wore no fea!r skirt1 b o!rwise attir$ !mselves z did ! m54 ,! m5 7 divid$ into two gr\ps at ,a1 ,a 7fig4 #h7 on bo? sides ( ! re> ( ! dance-h\se1 ! wom5 danc]s be+ likewise divid$ into two gr\ps at ,f1 ,f on ea* side ( ! drum4 ,:5 all 0 ready = ! dance1 ! head s+] />t$ an air & sang alone = sev]al m9utes4 ,!n1 at a giv5 signal1 ! burd5-s+]s jo9$ 9 ) ! *orus1 all accompany+ _! s++ ) split-/ick rattles4 ,?is 0 ! signal = ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ or prelim9>y division ( ! dance4 ,! m5 w5t to a position ab\t midway betwe5 ! c5t] pole & ! drum1 :]e !y =m$ a l9e ,,bc1 ! wom5 =m+ a gr\p 9 ! position ,g1 directly beh9d ! l9e ,,bc4 ,"h 0 held ! prelim9>y division ( ! dance1 call$ tehesbax 7,e71 9 :i* ! p>ticipants danc$ 9 place = a few m9utes4 ,! m5 next mov$ to ! position ,,de1 pass+ on ea* side ( ! c5t] pole1 ! wom5 foll[+ !m to ! position ,,hi4 ,!y ?us =m$ two l9es1 fac+ ! c5t] pole4 ,"h ! pr9cipal "p ( ! dance 0 held4 ,! *ief s+] aga9 />t$ ! air1 be+ jo9$ at ! prop] "t by ! burd5-s+]s4 ,simultane\sly ) ! latt]1 ! ma/] ( c]emonies gave ! signal = ! danc]s to beg94 ,dur+ ! danc+ he repeat$ ! prop] dance =mula#bd f\r times1 f9ally say+1 1 444 & ! dance /opp$4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! dance1 ^u ! signal f ! ma/] ( c]emonies1 ! danc]s1 bo? m5 & wom51 :irl$ ar\nd & fac$ ! fire1 & z ! dance /opp$ at ! above signal !y :irl$ back aga9 s z to face ! c5t] pole4 ,! danc]s mov$ sidewise back & =? f\r times 9 all1 along ! l9es ,,de & ,,hi4 ,/&+ 9 _! orig9al positions1 !y !n p]=m$ = ! second "t ! movem5t fir/ describ$1 ?us end+ ! dance4 ,?is entire dance might be repeat$ z _m times z desir$1 no def9ite numb] be+ prescrib$2 b :5 ea* set ( ?ree divisions1 z above /at$1 0 f9i%$1 ! danc]s return$ to ,a1 ,a & ,f1 ,f1 retrac+ z ne>ly z possible ! c\rses :i* !y _h trav]s$ 9 com+ f ^! two positions4 ,aft] ! la/ set ( ?is dance1 !y remov$ _! dance co/umes ne> ! drum4 hh ke4--,! hh or hhwa dance1 :i* may be tak5 z a type ( _m ( ^? dances :i* foll[1 la/$ f "o-half to ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r & c\ld be danc$ at any "t ( ye>4 ,! m5 7 dress$ z foll[s3 ,! l[] "p ( ! face 7i4e41 bel[ a l9e runn+ f j "u ! e> to a po9t j "u ! nose7 0 pa9t$ black4 ,a black b&1 ab\t f\r f+]s 9 wid?1 ran f ea* ( ! acromia to ! /]num4 ,f\r simil> b&s encircl$ ea* arm1 two above & two bel[ ! elb[1 :ile f\r su* b&s 7 plac$ ^u ea* leg4 ,^u ! head ea* man wore a fea!r tuft1 a yell[-hamm] fea!r =ehead-b& & a pair ( trembl] plumes1 & ^u ! back a fea!r skirt4 ,ea* danc] c>ri$ a bone :i/le also4 ,ea* woman wore a fea!r tuft & ! usual woman's =ehead-b&4 ,9 ea* h& %e c>ri$ a small bun* ( %r$d$ tule4 ,^! bundles1 call$ katohle 7,e71 7 made by ty+ toge!r at "o end sev]al /ems1 p]haps six or eight in*es long1 & !n %r$d+ ! loose ends ) a basketry awl4 ,?is dance 0 a v lively "o & took its "n1 z did sev]al o!rs1 f "s ( ! words ( ! song accompany+ x4 ,"p ( ! burd5 ( ?is song is a high-key$ h1 h1 h1 h 444 v rapidly spok5 by ! burd5-s+]s 9 unison4 ,! music 0 provid$ by a head s+]1 sev]al burd5-s+]s1 & a drumm]4 ,ea* ( ! s+]s us$ a split-/ick rattle4 ck9 ke4--,! ck9 dance 0 v simil>1 9 _m respects1 to ! hh ke4 ,"o in=mant said t ! dress & pa9t+ 7 exactly ! same1 except t ! upp] arm & ?igh bore "o pa9t$ b& ea*1 in/ead ( two z 9 ! hh ke4 dtka ke4--,! same might be said ( ! dtka ke 7,c71 or dtga xe 7,e74 ,! dress ( ! m5 0 id5tical ) t ( ! hh-danc]s4 ,! m5 us$ no :i/les4 ,! wom5 wore ! regul> woman's =ehead-b&4 ,f "o to p]haps eight or t5 p]sons danc$ at once1 & ! dance _h no /at$ duration4 ,z "o in=mant express$ x1 !y simply danc$ until !y 7 tir$4 yaya ke4--,little c\ld be le>n$ conc]n+ ! yaya dance1 except t x 0 danc$ by bo? m5 & wom51 & t ! pa9t+ & attire 7 ! same z = ! hh4 ,! fea!r skirt 0 worn1 b no :i/le 0 us$4 y ke4--,! m5 decorat$ !mselves = ?is dance z = ! hh dance1 except t !re 7 ?ree /ripes ar\nd ! arm in/ead ( f\r1 & ) ! addition ( "s d[n scatt]$ ov] _! heads & faces4 ,ea* woman _h a n>r[1 black l9e runn+ d[n ! *9 & a simil> l9e runn+ out f ea* corn] ( ! m\? t[>d ! e>4 ,o!rwise h] decorations consi/$ ( a fea!r tuft & a yell[-hamm] fea!r =ehead-b&4 ,a consid]able numb] ( m5 & wom5 sang1 ea* keep+ "t ) a split-/ick rattle4 matc ke4--,9 ! matc dance ! music 0 provid$ by "o man1 :o accompani$ 8 song ) a split-/ick rattle4 ,! danc]s pa9t$ !mselves z 9 ! y dance4 ,ea* wore a fea!r skirt4 lhye ke4--,! lhye dance 0 sometimes call$ ! katcaha4 ,! t]m lhye is ! correct "o = ?is dance4 ,9 fact1 ! t]m katcaha has be5 appli$ to x only rec5tly & 0 d]iv$ f ! fact t :5ev] c]ta9 ( ! ,pomo m5 became intoxicat$ !y almo/ always sang ! songs ( ?is dance2 h5ce ! "n :iskey dance1 or katcaha ke4 ,if pa9t 0 employ$ x usually consi/$ ( a coat ( black on ! l[] "p ( ! face & ?ree b&s ab\t ea* arm & ea* leg4 ,o!r designs 7 us$1 h[ev]4 ,^u ! head ! danc] wore a fea!r tuft1 a yell[-hamm] fea!r =ehead-b&1 & a v l>ge trembl] plume1 worn erect at ! back ( ! head4 ,ea* man wore a fea!r skirt4 ,! wom5 pa9t$ ! l[] "p ( ! face & wore a fea!r tuft & a yell[-hamm] fea!r =ehead-b&4 kalmatt ke4--,! kalmatt or kalmatata1 ! ?und] dance1 0 danc$ ea* morn+ & ea* ev5+ dur+ f\r successive days4 ,x c\ld be danc$ at o!r times ( ! day 9 addition if desir$1 & o!r dances might mean:ile be p]=m$ at any "t ( ! day except morn+ & ev5+4 ,! m5 pa9t$ _! nak$ bodies ) v]tical /ripes4 ,^u ! face b "o /ripe appe>$1 runn+ f e> to e> & j bel[ ! nose4 ,^u ! head ea* man wore a d[n head-net1 a fea!r tuft1 & a pair ( trembl] plumes4 ,no yell[-hamm] fea!r =ehead-b&1 d[n1 or fea!r skirt 0 us$4 ,! wom5 dress$ v simply4 ,!y wore ! same /ripe on ! face z did ! m51 & ^u ! head a head-net ( d[n & a fea!r tuft4 ,bo? m5 & wom5 _h bone :i/les1 & ea* man _h a light /aff#be f\r or five feet long1 ) "o or m cocoons atta*$ z a rattle at its upp] end4 w ke4--,9 ! w 7,c7 or ,coyote dance ! m5 7 nude except = a coat ( :ite pa9t ov] ! entire body4 ,^u ! head !re 0 a fea!r tuft1 p>t$ f front to re> to p]mit ! passage ( a l>ge yell[-hamm] fea!r =ehead-b& f ! root ( ! nose ov] ! head & d[n ! back4 ,! wom5 7 simil>ly pa9t$ & attir$1 except t ea* wore an ord9>y skirt ( %r$d$ tule or o!r mat]ial4 ,ea* danc] c>ri$ a small bun* ( gre5 twigs 9 ! h&1 s held z to obscure ! face z mu* z possible4 ,?is p]haps typifi$ ! crafty & sl9k+ nature ( ! coyote4 ,! music 0 provid$ by "o s+]1 :o us$ a cocoon rattle4 gnla xe4--,9 ! gnla xe 7,e7 or ,coyote dance ! wom5 dress$ z 9 ! hh dance4 ,! m5 pa9t$ !mselves z did ! p]=m]s 9 ! gho/ dance1 & wore ! p>t$ fea!r tuft ) ! yell[-hamm] fea!r =ehead-b& pass+ ?r\gh ! "p & d[n ! back4 ,!y also wore fea!r skirts1 & us$ :i/les4 helehela ke4--,! pa9t+ = ?is dance 0 ! same z = ! hh4 ,ea* man wore ^u 8 head a d[n head-net1 a pair ( trembl] plumes1 & a yell[hamm]-fea!r =ehead-b&4 ,ea* _h a bone :i/le & a kecge4 ,nei!r :i/les nor fea!r skirts 7 us$4 ,ea* woman wore a fea!r tuft & a d[n head-net4 ,a fairly high pole simil> to ! "o employ$ 9 ! initiation rite ( ! ,gks c]emony 0 erect$ 9 ! area directly 9 front ( ! dance-h\se4 ,! p>ticipants ga!r$ ab\t its base & ea* man attempt$ to climb x1 :ile ! wom5 danc$ 9 a circle ab\t its base4 ,! wife ( ! climb]1 & sometimes o!r wom51 ?rew balls ( p9ole 7grass-se$ meal7 at him z he asc5d$4 dama ke4--,conc]n+ ! dama dance1 little c\ld be le>n$ save t x 0 connect$ ) "s sort ( esot]ic organization & 0 v r>ely danc$4 ,!re 0 b "o woman :o 0 said to "k all ! details ( ?is dance1 b ! opportunity did n pres5t itself to int]view h]4 ,%e is n[ deceas$4 djane ke4--,! djane dance 0 always danc$ by two m5 & f\r wom51 ! m5 =m+ ! middle ( ! l9e1 two ( ! wom5 be+ at ea* end4 ,!y wore simil> co/umes1 :i* 7 v simple4 ,all t c\ld be le>n$ conc]n+ ! details1 h[ev]1 0 t ! m\? 0 pa9t$ black ) a %ort l9e runn+ out f ea* corn]1 & t ea* danc] wore a fea!r skirt ^u 8 back & us$ a :i/le4 k>aiya ke4--,! k>aiya dance 0 danc$ by two m5 & two wom51 & only once dur+ any giv5 c]emony4 ,m5 & wom5 dress$ alike1 except t ! wom5 wore ! ord9>y woman's skirt4 ,no pa9t 0 us$4 ,^u ! head 0 a fea!r tuft1 a yell[hamm]-fea!r =ehead-b&1 two trembl] plumes & "s d[n4 ,ea* danc] c>ri$ a bone :i/le4 sawet ke4--,no details 7 le>n$ conc]n+ ?is dance4 ,,dances ,,9 ,,:i* ,,only ,,m5 ,,p]=m$ ,!re are kn[n among ! ,pomo at lea/ five dances 9 :i* ! p]=m]s 7 always m54 ,!y are ! hwe1 ! dam1 & ! x or fire dance & ! gho/ & ! ,gks dances m5tion$ above4 hwe ke4--,:ile ?is 0 danc$ by m5 only1 wom5 7 privileg$ to witness x4 ,! danc]s fir/ pa9t$ ! entire body black & !n add$ _m :ite spots irregul>ly plac$ all ov] ! body4 ,ea* danc] c>ri$ a /aff six or sev5 feet long & simil>ly pa9t$4 ,! face ( ! danc] 0 pa9t$ black1 & ea* wore a l>ge fea!r tuft on 8 head4 ,?is 01 h[ev]1 n s l>ge z t worn by ! ,gks-danc]4 ,! music = ?is dance 0 q unusual 9 t ! drum 0 n us$4 ,! head s+] also act$ z ma/] ( c]emonies4 ,! danc]s =m$ a /raight l9e & danc$ 9 place )\t any =w>d or lat]al motion1 & all jo9$ 9 ! s++4 dam ke4--,little c\ld be le>n$ ( ! dam dance1 except t x 0 danc$ by m51 ) wom5 p>ticipat+ 9 ! s++4 ,"o unique feature 0 t :ile x 0 9 progress no "o 9 ! village might keep wat] 9 8 h\se4 ,also if any "o ate meat dur+ a c]emony 9 :i* ?is dance 0 us$ he w\ld become insane & c\ld be cur$ only ?r\gh ! m9i/rations ( ! *ief danc] ( ! dam4 ,:ile no fur!r evid5ce 0 obta9$ 9 sub/antiation1 ^! facts po9t to ! exi/5ce ( an esot]ic society connect$ ) ?is dance4 ,"o in=mant ma9ta9$ t ! la/ man :o knew ! details ( ?is dance di$ "s ye>s ago4 xo ke4--,! xo ke1 or fire dance1 0 held at any desir$ "t dur+ a c]emony4 ,x usually foll[$ ! fea/ ( welcome1 z x may be call$1 :i* 0 t5d]$ ! gue/s imm$iately aft] _! arrival4 ,x requir$ no special p>aph]nalia4 ,9 fact1 x am\nt$ to little m ?an a regul> sweat-ba?1 su* z 0 tak5 9 ! sudatory1#bf except t x 0 on a l>g] & m elaborate scale4 xahlgak ke4--,see "u ,gho/ ,c]emony1 above4 gks ke4--,see "u ,gks ,c]emony1 above4 ,,dances ,,9 ,,:i* ,,only ,,wom5 ,,p]=m$ ,two dances are /ill rememb]$ :i* come "u ?is head+4 ,!y are ! mata & ! lole4 mata ke4--,"o man act$ z ma/] ( c]emonies & ano!r sang to ! accompanim5t ( a cocoon rattle4 ,! danc]s pa9t$ ! *eeks & l[] "p ( ! face black & !n scrat*$ v]tical l9es 9 ! pa9t4 ,! only headdress worn 0 ! yell[hamm]-fea!r =ehead-b&4 ,9 ea* h& 0 held a small gre5 bran*4 ,! arms hung d[n1 b ) a flexure at ! elb[ :i* br\ght ^! gre5 sprigs directly 9 front ( ! danc]4 ,! danc]s =m$ a l9e & danc$ back & =? sidewise ov] a %ort1 /raight c\rse4 ,?is is "o ( ! v few dances :i* may yet be se51 ?\gh 9 a mod]niz$ =m1 at ,f\r? ( ,july celebrations4 lole ke4--,z be=e1 a man act$ z ma/] ( c]emonies & ano!r man sang1 accompany+ himself ) ! cocoon rattle4 ,! in=mant 0 n c]ta9 j :at k9d ( co/ume 0 worn1 b knew t no pa9t 0 employ$4 ,,additional ,,dances ,! names ( sev]al o!r dances are rememb]$1 b no?+ 9 reg>d to detail4 ,^! are mommom1 toto1 tag1 badjca1 & staiya4 ,! la/ ( ^! 0 said by "o in=mant to make up1 along ) ! glak & hh & dtka dances1 a special c]emony1 ab\t :i* no?+ fur!r is kn[n4 ,,footnotes3 #bd ,any dance =mula su* z ?is 0 call$ bakmhwakil 7,e74 #be ,! g5]al t]m xe dakik 7,e71 signify+ any?+ held 9 ! h& :ile danc+1 is appli$ to ?is /aff4 #bf ,see ! article on ,pomo ,build+s1 9 ! ,holmes ,anniv]s>y ,volume1 m5tion$ above4 ,,! ,,messiah ,,cult ,dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury a ,messiah cult has be5 introduc$ among ! ,pomo by ! ,w9tun ( ! ,sacram5to ,valley4 ,9 comp>atively rec5t times ! prophets ( ?is cult acquir$ great importance &1 :ile ! cult fl\ri%$1 to a c]ta9 ext5t sup]s$$ ! lead]s ( ! old c]emonies4 ,?is cult fir/ appe>$ among ! ,pomo at ,upp] ,lake1 !n at ,sulphur ,bank1 !n at ,long ,valley1 & f9ally 9 ! ,ukiah ,valley4 ,! function ( ! prophet1 or dream]1 z he is commonly /yl$ by ! ,indians1 0 to h dreams or wak+ visions conc]n+ dances & o!r matt]s 9 :i* ! p 7 int]e/$4 ,! prophets 7 suppos$ to receive ?r\gh ^! visions direct revelations f presid+ spirits1 & ! p =m]ly gave mu* cr$it to _! tea*+s4 ,!y virtually =m$ a prie/hood :i* replac$ ! old capta9s 9 ! direction ( all c]emonial matt]s4 ,"o ( ! *>act]i/ic features ( ?is cult 0 ! pa9t$ designs ^u ! int]ior ( ! dance-h\se4 ,! la/ truly primitive dance-h\se ( ?is type 9 ! ,pomo region 0 photograph$ by ! au?or 9 #aija1 #aijb1 & is describ$ & illu/rat$ else:]e4#bg ,ano!r important feature 0 ! erection be=e ! dance-h\se ( a pole be>+ bann]s & /ream]s decorat$ ) ! p>ticul> designs :i* ! prie/ _h se5 9 8 vision4 ,,conclusion ,pomo c]emonies 7 9 g5]al q simple & ! c]emonial life 0 *>act]iz$ by an abs5ce 7#a7 ( any fix$ c]emonial season or sequ5ce ( c]emonies1 & 7#b7 ( any ext5sive prie/hood or secret ord] controll+ c]emonial matt]s4 ,"s ( ! c]emonial p]=mances possess$ c]ta9 esot]ic features1 su* z initiation rites & special re/rictions on ! "p ( ! un9itiat$4 ,we note ! pres5ce ( a few fairly elaborate c]emonies & a consid]able numb] ( dances1 "s ( :i* 7 employ$ z integral p>ts ( c]ta9 c]emonies1 o!rs z m]ely incid5tal to !m4 ,^! dances usually foll[$ "o ano!r )\t any def9ite ord] or relation1 ?\gh 9 c]ta9 cases def9ite dances 7 prescrib$ z p>ts ( giv5 c]emonies4 ,"o c]emony has a def9ite my?ological backgr\nd1 b ?is has be5 lo/ else:]e4 ,no my?s are told today to acc\nt = ! o!r p]=mances4 ,9 mo/ ( ! dances an indef9ite numb] ( bo? m5 & wom5 might p>ticipate4 ,9 two dances ! numb] ( p]=m]s ( ea* sex 0 def9itely prescrib$4 ,9 five1 only m5 might p>ticipate1 & two 7 /rictly wom5's dances4 ,9 o!r words1 !re is pat5t 9 ,pomo c]emonies a r ?or\gh go+ democracy reg>d+ ! positions ( ! sexes4 ,transmitt$ ,septemb] #ba1 #aiaf4 ,vol4 #g4 #a4 ,! ,em]yville ,%ellm\nd1 by ,max ,uhle4 ,pp4 #a-ajf1 plates #a-ab1 ) #ch text figures4 ,june1 #aijg #a4be #b4 ,rec5t ,inve/igations be>+ ^u ! ,"q ( ! ,occurr5ce ( ,neoc5e ,man 9 ! ,aurif]\s ,gravels ( ,cali=nia1 by ,william ,j4 ,s9clair4 ,pp4 #ajg-acj1 plates #ac-ad4 ,febru>y1 #aijh 4#ce #c4 ,pomo ,indian ,basketry1 by ,s4,a4 ,b>rett4 ,pp4 #acc-cjf1 plates #ae-cj1 #bca text figures4 ,decemb]1 #aijh #a4ge #d4 ,%ellm\nds ( ! ,san ,francisco ,bay ,region1 by ,n4,c4 ,nelson4 ,pp4 #cji-cef1 plates #cb-cd4 ,decemb]1 #aiji 4#ej #e4 ,! ,ellis ,l&+ ,%ellm\nd1 by ,n4,c4 ,nelson4 ,pp4 #ceg-dbf1 plates #cf-ej4 ,april1 #aiaj 4#ge ,index1 pp4 #dbg-ddc4 ,vol4 #h4 #a4 ,a ,mission ,record ( ! ,cali=nia ,indians1 f a ,manuscript 9 ! ,bancr(t ,libr>y1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #a-bg4 ,may1 #aijh 4#be #b4 ,! ,e?nography ( ! ,cahuilla ,indians1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #bi-fh1 plates #a-ae4 ,july1 #aijh 4#ge #c4 ,! ,religion ( ! ,luiseo & ,diegueo ,indians ( ,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 by ,con/ance ,godd>d ,dubois4 ,pp4 #fi-ahf1 plates #af-ai4 ,june1 #aijh #a4be #d4 ,! ,culture ( ! ,luiseo ,indians1 by ,philip ,/$man ,sp>kman4 ,pp4 #ahg-bcd1 plate #bj4 ,augu/1 #aijh 4#ej #e4 ,notes on ,%o%onean ,dialects ( ,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 by4 ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #bce-bfi4 ,septemb]1 #aiji 4#ce #f4 ,! ,religi\s ,practices ( ! ,diegueo ,indians1 by ,t4,t4 ,wat]man4 ,pp4 #bga-ceh1 plates #ba-bh4 ,m>*1 #aiaj 4#hj ,index1 pp4 #cei-cfi4 ,vol4 #i4 #a4 ,yana ,texts1 by ,edw>d ,sapir1 toge!r ) ,yana ,my?s collect$ by ,rol& ,b4 ,dixon4 ,pp4 #a-bce4 ,febru>y1 #aiaj #b4ej #b4 ,! ,*uma% & ,co/anoan ,languages1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #bcg-bga4 ,novemb]1 #aiaj 4#ce #c4 ,! ,languages ( ! ,coa/ ( ,cali=nia ,nor? ( ,san ,francisco1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #bgc-dce1 & map4 ,april1 #aiaa #a4ej ,index1 pp4 #dcg-dci4 ,vol4 #aj4 #a4 ,phonetic ,con/itu5ts ( ! ,native ,languages ( ,cali=nia1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #a-ab4 ,may1 #aiaa 4#aj #b4 ,! ,phonetic ,elem5ts ( ! ,nor!rn ,paiute ,language1 by ,t4,t4 ,wat]man4 ,pp4 #ac-dd1 plates #a-e4 ,novemb]1 #aiaa 4#de #c4 ,phonetic ,elem5ts ( ! ,mohave ,language1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #de-if1 plates #f-bj4 ,novemb]1 #aiaa 4#fe #d4 ,! ,e?nology ( ! ,sal9an ,indians1 by ,j4 ,ald5 ,mason4 ,pp4 #ig-bdj1 plates #ba-cg4 ,decemb]1 #aiab #a4ge #e4 ,papago ,v]b ,/ems1 by ,juan ,dolores4 ,pp4 #bda-bfc4 ,augu/1 #aiac 4#be #f4 ,notes on ! ,*ilula ,indians ( ,nor?we/]n ,cali=nia1 by ,pl9y ,e>l ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #bfe-bhh1 plates #ch-da4 ,april1 #aiad 4#cj #g4 ,*ilula ,texts1 by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #bhi-cgi4 ,novemb]1 #aiad #a4jj ,index1 pp4 #cha-che4 ,vol4 #aa4 #a4 ,elem5ts ( ! ,kato ,language1 by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #a-agf1 plates #a-de4 ,octob]1 #aiab #b4jj #b4 ,phonetic ,elem5ts ( ! ,diegueo ,language1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb] & ,j4,p4 ,h>r+ton4 ,pp4 #agg-ahh4 ,april1 #aiad 4#aj #c4 ,s>si ,texts1 by ,pl9y ,e>le ,godd>d4 ,pp4 #ahi-bgg4 ,febru>y1 #aiae #a4jj #d4 ,s]ian1 ,tequi/latecan1 & ,hokan1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #bgi-bij4 ,febru>y1 #aiae 4#aj #e4 ,di*otom\s ,social ,organization 9 ,s\? ,c5tral ,cali=nia1 by ,edw>d ,w9sl[ ,gif=d4 ,pp4 #bia-bif4 ,febru>y1 #aiaf 4#je #f4 ,! ,del9eation ( ! ,day-,signs 9 ! ,aztec ,manuscripts1 by ,t4,t4 ,wat]man4 ,pp4 #big-cih4 ,m>*1 #aiaf #a4jj #g4 ,! ,mutsun ,dialect ( ,co/anoan ,bas$ on ! ,vocabul>y ( ,de la ,cue/a1 by ,j4 ,ald5 ,mason4 ,pp4 #cii-dgb4 ,m>*1 #aiaf 4#gj ,index1 pp4 #dgc-dgi4 ,vol4 #ab4 #a4 ,composition ( ,cali=nia ,%ellm\nds1 by ,edw>d ,w9sl[ ,gif=d4 ,pp4 #a-bi4 ,febru>y1 #aiaf 4#cj #b4 ,cali=nia ,place ,names ( ,indian ,orig91 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #ca-fi4 ,june1 #aiaf 4#dj #c4 ,arapaho ,dialects1 by ,a4,l4 ,kroeb]4 ,pp4 #ga-ach4 ,june1 #aiaf 4#gj #d4 ,miwok ,moieties1 by ,edw>d ,w9sl[ ,gif=d4 ,pp4 #aci-aid4 ,june1 #aiaf 4#ee #e4 ,on ,plott+ ! ,inflections ( ! ,voice1 by ,cornelius ,b4 ,bradley4 ,pp4 #aie-bah1 plates #a-e4 ,octob]1 #aiaf 4#be