,title3 ,*ildr5 ,above #ahj ,,iq ,/an=d-,b9et3 ,orig9 & ,developm5t ,au?or3 ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? ,orig9al publi%]3 ,_w ,book ,company ,copyright #aidb4 ,ab\t ! onl9e edition4 ,italic text is repres5t$ z italics4 ,und]l9$ text is repres5t$ z und]l9e4 ,subscripts are repres5t$ z subscripts4 ,footnotes are collect$ at ! end ( ea* *apt]4 ,transcrib]'s notes & translations1 9 lett]s1 h be5 add$ & collect$ at ! end ( ! *apt]1 aft] ! footnotes4 ,s+le-brackets 9 ! orig9al text h be5 *ang$ to d\ble-brackets to di/+ui% f edits )9 ?is v]sion ( ! text4 ,s+le p\nd signs 9 ! orig9al text h be5 *ang$ to d\ble p\nd signs1 to di/+ui% f subscript text4 ,,*ildr5 ,,above #ahj ,,iq ,,/an=d-,,b9et3 ,,orig9 ,,& ,,developm5t ,,=eword ,%ortly aft] ! ye> #aibd ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? prep>$ a manuscript on ,*ildr5 above #ahj ,,iq 7,/an=d-,b9et7 9 :i* %e survey$ ! mat]ial on ! topic available up to t date & add$ acc\nts ( five cases :i* %e _h /udi$ individually4 #a ,z ! ye>s w5t by %e held back ! manuscript f publication & "o by "o %e f\nd sev5 m cases to be includ$ 9 h] li/4 ,at ! "t ( h] dea? 9 #aici %e _h begun to revise ?is manuscript1 br++ ! survey up to date & add+ ! new cases4 ,! pres5t book gives z mu* ( ?is revision f h] own h& z is available4 ,! ,preface & ,*apt]s #a1 #b1 & #c are z %e wrote !m4 ,! acc\nts ( ! fir/ five cases are giv5 j z %e orig9ally wrote !m up1 b to !m editorial supplem5ts h be5 add$ 9 :i* an endeavor has be5 made to pres5t = ea* case su* data z h be5 f\nd 9 h] files1 ) little 9 ! way ( discussion or int]pretation4 ,! sev5 new cases :i* ! orig9al au?or _h int5d$ to include 9 ! manuscript %e _h n yet writt5 up4 ,= ^!1 !re=e1 x has be5 necess>y to /udy ! data %e _h accumulat$ = ea* *ild1 to secure additional data :5 & :]e possible1 & to pres5t su* an acc\nt ( ea* z %e might h]self h writt51 patt]n$ aft] h] reports ( ! e>li] cases4 ,mu* is lo/ t w\ld h be5 contribut$ _h ! au?or liv$ to complete h] project4 ,%e knew ^! cases intimately & at fir/ h&4 ,"s ( !m %e _h foll[$ = z long z tw5ty ye>s1 tak+ a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! individual *ildr5 & _! problems1 advis+ !m1 assi/+ !m1 cont9u\sly obs]v+ !m1 & frequ5tly te/+ & measur+ !m4 ,p>ticul>ly inadequate mu/ be ! acc\nts ( ! lat] developm5t ( ! individuals h]e9 describ$1 = _m ( ! details well kn[n to ! au?or %e n committ$ to pap]1 s9ce %e fully expect$ to complete ! manuscript h]self4 ,x is to be regrett$ t a foll[-up /udy ( ^! rec5t developm5ts c\ld n h be5 und]tak51 & a hope is express$ t ?is may yet be done4 ,! *apt]s summ>iz+ ! gr\p ( twelve new cases are :olly )\t ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?'s t\*4 ,x seem$ desirable1 h[ev]1 to give su* a summ>y z c\ld be made "u ! circum/ances4 ,_h ! orig9al au?or be5 able to complete h] book1 we "k t p5etrat+ light w\ld h be5 ?r[n on _m ( ! m p]sonal difficulties ( ^! *ildr5 ( r>e intellig5ce4 ,?is exp]i5ce & insight c no long] be recov]$4 ,x mu/ suffice to put on record *iefly ! factual data n[ available1 leav+ x = future work]s to foll[ up1 if x %\ld seem desirable1 ! subsequ5t c>e] & de/9y ( ! individuals ^: e>ly developm5t & backgr\nd are h]e9 report$4 ,id5tification ( ^! *ildr5 is n made 9 ?is book1 b ! necess>y facts = ?is purpose are on file & id5tification c be made at any "t 9 ! int]e/s ( educational rese>*4 ,! ?ird section ( ?is book z orig9ally outl9$ by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? 0 to h dealt ) g5]al pr9ciples & ) ! social & educational implications ( ! /udy ( *ildr5 ( v high intellig5ce4 ,up to ! "t ( h] dea? no?+ ( ?is "* _h be5 writt5 by h] explicitly1 b ?r\gh\t ! ye>s 9 :i* h] project$ book 0 develop+ %e wrote a numb] ( pap]s & reports be>+ on ! subject1 & ^! 7 publi%$ f "t to "t 9 te*nical j\rnals4 ,x is well kn[n t ! cont5t ( ^! pap]s 0 dictat$ by h] /udy ( su* cases z are h]e9 report$1 by h] famili>ity ) ! reports ( o!r /ud5ts 9 ?is field1 & by h] own v concrete & long exp]i5ce 9 ! organization & conduct ( two exp]im5tal projects 9 ! s*ools ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,x is1 9 fact1 likely t ! f9al *apt]s %e _h 9 m9d = ?is book w\ld h be5 a reorganization ( ! conclusions set =? 9 ^! articles4 ,consequ5tly1 ! la/ five *apt]s ( ?is book1 in/ead ( be+ an attempt to guess at :at ! au?or might h said 9 !m1 are all f h] own h&4 ,!y are ei!r selections f or complete reproductions ( pap]s %e _h publi%$ on :at %e consid]$ to be ! implications ( h] obs]vations ( *ildr5 ( r>e intellig5ce4 ,! publication ( ?is book has be5 made possible by funds grant$ by ! ,c>negie ,corporation ( ,new ,york4 ,t ,corporation is n1 h[ev]1 ! au?or1 own]1 publi%]1 or proprietor ( ?is publication1 & x is n to be und]/ood z approv+ by virtue ( its grants any ( ! /atem5ts or views express$ h]e94 ,h>ry ,l4 ,holl+wor? ,b>n>d ,college ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york #a ,*apt] #i ( ,gift$ ,*ildr51 publi%$ 9 #aibf1 be>s ! title ,*ildr5 ,:o ,te/ above #ahj ,,iq 7,/an=d-,b9et74 ,"s ( ! cases describ$ m fully 9 ! monograph manuscript are also sket*$ 9 t *apt]4 ,,cont5ts ,,preface ,,"p ,i3 ,,ori5tation #a4 ,,! ,,concept ,,( ,,intellectual ,,g5ius ,concepts ( ! ,anci5ts1 ,diction>y ,def9itions1 ,concepts ( ,g5ius1 ,miscellane\s ,obs]vations ,t5d+ to ,def9e ,*>act]i/ics ( ,g5ius1 ,speculation & ,comm5t ,conc]n+ ,g5ius #b4 ,,e>ly ,,sci5tific ,,/udy ,,( ,,em95t ,,adults ,orig9 ( ,em95t ,adults1 ,yod]'s ,/udy1 ,t]man's ,inf]5ces f ,biography #c4 ,,publi%$ ,,reports ,,on ,,te/$ ,,*ildr5 ,mod]n ,approa* to ! ,/udy ( ,ability1 ,b9et's ,me?od1 ,! ,range ( ,intellect above #ahj ,,iq1 ,*ildr5 ,obs]v$ be=e ! ,era ( ,b9et1 ,*ildr5 ,:o ,te/ above #ahj ,,iq by ,b9et-,simon ,te/s1 ,*ildr5 ,:o ,te/ above #ahj ,,iq by ,/an=d-,b9et ,te/s1 ,g5]alizations ,,"p ,,ii3 ,,twelve ,,cases ,,new ,,to ,,lit]ature ,,conc]n+ ,,te/$ ,,*ildr5 #d4 ,,*ild ,a ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,pres*ool ,hi/ory1 ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 ,judgm5ts ( ,tea*]s1 ,m5tal ,measurem5ts1 ,traits ( ,"*1 ,physical ,measurem5ts & ,heal?1 ,miscellane\s ,*>act]i/ics #e4 ,,*ild ,b ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,pres*ool ,hi/ory1 ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 ,traits ( ,"*1 ,judgm5ts ( ,tea*]s1 ,m5tal ,measurem5ts1 ,physical ,measurem5ts1 ,miscellane\s ,*>act]i/ics #f4 ,,*ild ,c ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,pres*ool ,hi/ory1 ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 ,traits ( ,"*1 ,m5tal ,measurem5ts1 ,physical ,measurem5ts1 ,lat] ,s*ool ,hi/ory #g4 ,,*ild ,d ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,pres*ool ,hi/ory1 ,traits ( ,"*1 ,m5tal ,measurem5ts1 ,physical ,measurem5ts & ,heal?1 ,miscellane\s ,*>act]i/ics1 ,s*ool ,hi/ory #h4 ,,*ild ,e ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,e>ly ,hi/ory1 ,s*ool ,a*ievem5t1 ,m5tal ,measurem5ts1 ,social ,habits1 ,ta/es1 etc41 ,lat] ,m5tal ,measurem5ts1 ,lat] ,physical ,measurem5ts1 ,lat] ,s*ola/ic ,records1 ,extracurricul> ,activities1 ,tea*]s' ,comm5ts1 ,summ>y up to #aiba1 ,ev5tual ,s*ola/ic ,records1 ,rese>*es ( ,e1 ,summ>y ( ,developm5t #i4 ,,*ild ,f ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,pres*ool ,hi/ory1 ,e>ly ,s*ool ,hi/ory1 ,e>ly ,te/ ,scores1 ,home ,rat+1 ,miscellane\s ,*>act]i/ics1 ,lat] ,educational ,c>e] #aj4 ,,*ild ,g ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,educational ,hi/ory1 ,e>ly ,m5tal ,te/s1 ,lat] ,te/ ,records1 ,traits ( ,"*1 ,physical ,measurem5ts1 ,high ,s*ool ,record1 ,g's ,bro!r's ,record #aa4 ,,*ild ,h ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,pres*ool ,hi/ory1 ,m5tal ,measurem5ts1 ,physical ,measurem5ts1 ,intellectual ,ability #ab4 ,,*ild ,i ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,pres*ool ,hi/ory1 ,e>ly ,educational ,hi/ory1 ,m5tal ,measurem5ts1 ,physical ,measurem5ts & ,heal?1 ,miscellane\s ,*>act]i/ics #ac4 ,,*ild ,j ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,*ildhood ,*>act]i/ics1 ,lat] ,m5tal ,te/s #ad4 ,,*ild ,k ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,e>ly ,developm5t1 ,m5tal ,measurem5ts1 ,physical ,measurem5ts1 ,lat] ,educational ,progress #ae4 ,,*ild ,l ,family ,backgr\nd1 ,e>ly ,hi/ory1 ,a*ievem5t at ,spey] ,s*ool1 ,high ,s*ool ,record to ,date ( ,writ+1 ,lat] ,te/s & ,inv5tories #af4 ,,summ>ies ,,( ,,h]$ities ,,& ,,e>ly ,,behavior ,family ,hi/ory & ,backgr\nd1 ,physical & ,behavioral ,developm5t #ag4 ,,s*ola/ic ,,a*ievem5t ,,& ,,creative ,,activity ,s*ola/ic ,a*ievem5t & ,educational ,adju/m5t1 ,creative ,"w1 ,g5]al ,/atem5t ,,"p ,,iii3 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,implications4 #ah4 ,,adult ,,/atus ,,& ,,p]sonality ,,rat+s4 ,adult ,/atus ( ,highly ,intellig5t ,*ildr51 ,critique ( ! ,concept ( ,g5ius z ,appli$ 9 ,t]ms ( ,,iq1 ,application ( ,b]nreut] ,inv5tory ( ,p]sonality to ,highly ,intellig5t ,adolesc5ts #ai4 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,p]sonality ,,9 ,,highly ,,intellig5t ,,*ildr5 ,g5]al ,consid]ations1 ,! ,"p ,play$ by ,physique1 ,problem ( ,lead]%ip1 ,problems ( ,adju/m5t to ,occupation1 ,le>n+ to ,suff] ,fools ,gladly1 ,! ,t5d5cy to ,become ,isolat$1 ,! ,concept ( ,optimum ,intellig5ce1 ,conclusion #bj4 ,,! ,,*ild ,,( ,,v ,,sup]ior ,,intellig5ce ,,z ,a ,,special ,,problem ,,9 ,,social ,,adju/m5t ,! ,quality ( ,gift$ ,*ildr51 ,! ,problem ( ,"w1 ,! ,problem ( ,adju/m5t to ,classmates1 ,! ,problem ( ,play1 ,special ,problems ( ! ,gift$ ,girl1 ,problems ( ,con=mity1 ,! ,problems ( ,orig9 & ( ,de/9y1 ,g5]al ,consid]ations #ba4 ,,! ,,elem5t>y ,,s*ool+ ,,( ,,v ,,bright ,,*ildr5 ,consid]ations 9 ,plann+ ! ,curriculum1 ,enri*m5t ,units at ,spey] ,s*ool1 ,special ,"w1 ,emotional ,education1 ,matt]s ( ,g5]al ,policy #bb4 ,,problems ,,( ,,relation%ip ,,betwe5 ,,elem5t>y ,,& ,,second>y ,,s*ools ,,9 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,highly ,,intellig5t ,,pupils ,! ,elem5t>y ,s*ool1 ,transition f ,elem5t>y to ,second>y ,s*ool1 ,consid]ation ( ! ,que/ions ,aris+1 ,:at ab\t ,g5ius8 ,,preface ,?is /udy is f\nd$ ^u ! "w ( ,francis ,galton1 on ! "o h&1 & ( ,alb]t ,b9et1 on ! o!r4 ,x goes back to ,galton's ,h]$it>y ,g5ius1 read z a prescrib$ ref]5ce 9 ! c\rses ( ,pr(essor ,edw>d ,l4 ,?orndike1 9 #aiab2 & to ! publication 9 #aiaf ( ,pr(essor ,lewis ,m4 ,t]man's ,/an=d ,revision ( ! ,b9et-,simon ,scale = ,measur+ ,intellig5ce4 ,x comprises obs]vations1 measurem5ts1 & conv]sations cov]+ a p]iod ( tw5ty-?ree ye>s1 dur+ :i* acqua9tance%ips & fri5d%ips1 e "o ( !m delightful1 h be5 =m$ & ma9ta9$ ) ! twelve individuals :o =m ! basis ( ! /udy4 ,x 0 9 ,novemb]1 #aiaf1 %ortly aft] tak+ appo9tm5t z in/ructor 9 educational psy*ology at ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 t ,i saw = ! fir/ "t a *ild te/+ above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,i 0 tea*+ a c\rse 9 ! psy*ology ( m5tally defici5t *ildr51 & x seem$ to me t my class %\ld if possible obs]ve "u te/ conditions "o bright *ild = ! sake ( contra/4 ,accord+ly1 ,i ask$ :e!r any tea*] pres5t c\ld nom9ate a v intellig5t pupil = demon/ration4 ,miss ,*>lotte ,g4 ,g>rison & ,miss ,agnes ,burke1 tea*]s 9 ! ,horace ,mann ,s*ool1 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,new ,york ,city1 !reupon nom9at$ ! *ild :o is call$ ,e 9 ?is monograph4 ,e 0 pres5t$ at ! next meet+ ( ! class4 ,x requir$ two full classroom p]iods to te/ ?is *ild to ! limits ( ! ,/an=d-,b9et ,scale1 :i* _h j !n be5 publi%$4 ,e exhau/$ ! scale )\t be+ fully measur$ by x1 a*iev+ an ,,iq ( at lea/ #ahg4 ,he 0 on t date #h ye>s #d mon?s old4 ,?is ,,iq ( at lea/ #ahg plac$ ,e 9 ,galton's ,class ,x ( able p]sons2 i4e41 m ?an six grades remov$ f m$iocrity4 ,tak+ #a ,,pedis z "o grade1 x plac$ him at lea/ plus #aa ,,pe f ! norm2 = #a ,,pe 7,probable ,error7 equals #h ,,iq1 accord+ to ,t]man's orig9al di/ribution ( #ije s*ool *ildr54 #a ,?is appe>$ z suffici5tly /rik+ to w>rant p]man5t record+1 s9ce x w\ld rate ,e z "o 9 a million = /ati/ical frequ5cy1 assum+ zeal & p[] ( work+ to be also abundantly pres5t4 ,i did n at t "t h any exp]t k ( highly intellig5t *ildr54 ,i _h be5 work+ = "s ye>s 9 ! hospitals ( ,new ,york ,city ) p]sons pres5t$ = commitm5t to re=matories1 prisons1 & in/itutions = m5tal defectives4 ,i _h te/$ ?\s&s ( incompet5t p]sons1 a majority ( !m *ildr51 ) ,godd>d's ,revision ( ! ,b9et-,simon ,scale1 sc>cely ev] f9d+ anyone ) an ,,iq rat+ z high z #ajj4 ,?is ?or\ghgo+ exp]i5ce ( ! negative aspects ( intellig5ce r5d]$ ! p]=mance ( ,e ev5 m impressive to me ?an x w\ld o!rwise h be54 ,i p]ceiv$ ! cle> & flawless work+ ( 8 m9d aga9/ a contra/+ backgr\nd ( ?\s&s ( dull & fooli% m9ds4 ,x 0 an un=gettable obs]vation4 ,i !n began to look = *ildr5 l ,e1 to obs]ve !m ) ref]5ce to ! pr9ciples ( education4 ,?is se>* has be5 conduct$ 9 a desultory mann]1 9 odd mom5ts1 ev] s9ce #aiaf4 ,at times1 z 9 #aibb-aibc & 9 #aice-aicf1 :5 pupils 7 be+ s\ght = special classes at ,public ,s*ool #afe1 ,manhattan1 or at ,public ,s*ool #ejj1 ,manhattan1 ! se>* has be5 sy/ematic4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 ! que/ has be5 q o!rwise1 = 9 ! c\rse ( long se>*+ ,i h le>n$ t x is ne>ly useless to look = ^! *ildr51 because s few ( !m exi/4 ,9 tw5ty-?ree ye>s' seek+ 9 ,new ,york ,city & ! local metropolitan area1 ! d5se/ c5t] ( population 9 ?is c\ntry & at ! same "t a great intellectual c5t] attract+ able p]sons1 ,i h f\nd only twelve *ildr5 :o te/ at or above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,?is numb] repres5ts ! w9n[+ f ?\s&s ( *ildr5 te/$1 hundr$s ( !m br\ght = ! te/+ because ( _! m5tal gifts4 ,( c\rse !re 7 & are o!rs :o h n be5 f\nd1 s9ce ?is se>* has nev] be5 exhau/ive4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ?is rese>* is yet to come1 9 ! =m ( a record ( ! mature p]=mances ( ^! gift$ p]sons obs]v$ 9 *ildhood4 ,h[ev]1 ,i propose to make a report n[ ( orig9 & developm5t2 to be foll[$1 if ,i live s long1 by fur!r reports ( adult /atus4 ,su* rese>*es require m ?an ! life span ( "o inve/igator1 s9ce "t is ( ! ess5ce ( ! task4 ,univ]sities %\ld make provision = in/itutional prosecution ( ^! long-"t /udies z di/+ui%$ f individual prosecution4 ,9 any case1 ,i %all try to leave ! records to "s y\ng] /ud5t :o w compreh5d !m1 & :o w amplify !m if ,i prove unable to d s myself4 ,galton1 9 8 ef=ts to und]/& ability1 0 limit$ to ! /udy ( ! em95t adult1 dead & gone4 ,! only te/ he c\ld use 0 t ( reputation1 = at ! "t he 0 at "w on ! problem1 m5tal measurem5t _h n yet be5 develop$ z a te*nique4 ,he wi%$ = a m valid me?od ( gaug+ ability1 & he fully realiz$ t x w\ld be ( great] advantage to /udy ! liv+ individual4 ,is reputation a fair te/ ( natural ability8 he ask$4 ,x is ! only "o ,i c employ 4 4 4 am ,i ju/ifi$ 9 us+ x8 ,h[ mu* ( a man's success is due to 8 opportunities1 & h[ mu* to 8 natural p[] ( intellect8 ,galton's "w 0 f9i%$ be=e ,b9et's /udies made x possible to measure natural ability ap>t f reputation2 & :at is mo/ ess5tial ( all1 to measure natural ability 9 *ildhood4 ,x 0 ,b9et's great & orig9al s]vice t he r5d]$ x possible to det]m9e accurately ! p]man5t intellectual calib] ( an undevelop$ human be+4 ,x has always be5 possible to appraise ! ability ( p =ty or fifty ye>s old1 aft] !y h met ! te/s ( life1 b = ! pursuit ( education & social sci5ce x is n v practically useful to "k :at a p]son is l only at ! end ( 8 life4 ,x is ess5tial1 r1 to "k ) a high degree ( precision & c]ta9ty ! m5tal end[m5t ( p]sons at ! beg9n+ ( _! lives if any?+ is to be done 9 ! matt] ( special tra9+ = special *ildr54 ,! facts d]iv$ f ! /udy ( ! twelve exceptional p]sons h]e9 describ$1 & f ! /udy ( o!rs l !m1 & ! pr9ciples d$uc$ f ^! facts1 are ( t ord] ( importance = social sci5ce :i* ,galton ascrib$ to !m4 ,nev]!less1 to he> ( ! trem5d\s diff]5ces betwe5 ! dulle/ & ! mo/ intellig5t individual1 betwe5 ! av]age man & ! p]son :o falls m ?an #aj ,,pe away f him 9 m5tal ability1 is extremely t$i\s to ! typical ,am]ican li/5]4 ,?is is only too well kn[n to "o :o has long tri$ to int]e/ f\ndations & money$ p]sons 9 ! education ( gift$ *ildr54 ,!re is an app>5t pref]5ce among donors = /udy+ ! ne$s & support+ ! welf>e ( ! weak1 ! vici\s1 & ! incompet5t1 & a negative disreg>d ( ! highly intellig5t1 leav+ !m to %ift = !mselves4 ,p]haps a wid] dissem9ation ( facts su* z h be5 adduc$ 9 ! /udies ( ,pr(essor ,lewis ,m4 ,t]man & o!r educators1 & 9 ?is /udy1 may ev5tually br+ ab\t a m con/ructive po9t ( view1 "o m conducive to a recognition ( national welf>e involv$ 9 educational plans = ! unusual /ud5t4 ,x is desirable 9 ?is introduction to make kn[n "s ( ! etiquette & e?ics involv$ 9 ! sci5tific /udy ( v gift$ *ildr54 ,?is is a new area 9 ! field ( human relation%ips & ! inve/igator :o works )9 x comes r frequ5tly ^u c]ta9 que/ions ( good mann]s :i* d n arise 9 any o!r field ( psy*ological rese>*4 ,= in/ance1 p]sons :o te/ above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 are almo/ sure to read & recognize 9 books & articles :atev] has be5 writt5 ab\t !m1 no matt] h[ anonym\sly !y may h be5 describ$4 ,?is is true ( !m ev5 z *ildr54 ,:5 ! book ,gift$ ,*ildr5 0 publi%$1 9 #aibf1 ,*ild ,a1 :o is describ$ !re9 z well z 9 ^! pages1 0 ?irte5 ye>s old4 ,he read ! book )9 two weeks ( publication2 =1 z he said 9 m5tion+ ! matt] to ! au?or1 ,i g e week to ! ,public ,libr>y & look fir/ at ! %elf ( new books4 ,! problem always 9 ! =egr\nd is h[ to pres5t ! :ole tru? ab\t su* matt]s z family hi/ory1 social-economic /atus1 & "*1 )\t invad+ ! privacy ( ^? describ$ & )\t id5tify+ !m to ! g5]al public or to curi\s p]sons4 ,^? :o te/ above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 are *>act]iz$ by a /rong desire = p]sonal privacy4 ,!y seldom volunte] in=mation ab\t !mselves4 ,!y d n l to h att5tion call$ to _! families & homes4 ,!y are reluctant to imp>t in=mation conc]n+ _! plans1 hopes1 convictions1 & s =?4 ,! "q arises1 !n1 h[ to avoid presumption2 = x is by no means easy = a "y p]son politely to evade an old] p]son :o c lay claim to hav+ kn[n "o all "o's life4 ,?us1 9 ?is /udy1 9 ord] to pres]ve ! privacy ( ^? conc]n$1 "s items h be5 omitt$ f ! hi/ories :i* w\ld h be5 ( int]e/ to /ud5ts ( *ild psy*ology4 ,let x be und]/ood at once1 h[ev]1 t ! omissions include no?+ discr$itable to any ( ! twelve individuals /udi$2 r1 _m ( ^! items are highly cr$itable4 ,!re h be5 acts ( moral c\rage1 acts ( skill1 & acts ( self-su/a9+ het]odoxy t if told at all %\ld be told only by ^? :o p]=m$ ! actions4 ,p]haps autobiographies may "s day be writt5 by ^! p]sons1 tell+ :atev] !y may wi% to tell4 ,9 ! matt] ( ! attitude ( p 9 g5]al t[>d gift$ *ildr51 !re are1 ( c\rse1 a majority :o are k9dly & und]/&+ & helpful1 b x is a melan*oly fact t !re are also malici\s & jeal\s p :o are likely to p]secute ^? :o are =mally id5tifi$ z be+ unusual4 ,x may prove a h&icap r ?an a help to a gift$ y\ng/] to h be5 id5tifi$ 9 book or article or s*ool z extraord9>y4 ,"s ( ! *ildr5 h]e9 describ$ h suff]$ consid]ably f ! malice ( ill-mann]$ p]sons1 ev5 _! in/ructors1 :o h felt ! impulse to take !m d[n a peg4 ,specific in/ances ( su* p]secution c be cit$ f public pr9ts1 & ref]5ce w be made to !m 9 ! c\rse ( ?is monograph4 ,x w\ld be ( int]e/ to pres5t a photograph ( ea* *ild h]e9 obs]v$1 to %[ h[ 9 p]sonal appe>ance !y are diametrically opposite to ! popul> /]eotype ( ! highly intellig5t *ild2 b photographs w\ld t5d to id5tification4 ,^! que/ions ( :at is "r & :at is wrong1 :at is p]missible & :at is =bidd51 9 report+ ! orig9 & developm5t ( ! gift$ _c be fully det]m9$ "h4 ,! policies pursu$ 9 ?is /udy h be5 discuss$ f "t to "t ) gift$ *ildr5 & _! p>5ts1 & ,i h be5 guid$ by _! advice4 ,ev]y?+ has be5 pres5t$ t is consi/5t bo? ) sci5tific int]e/ & ) ! pres]vation ( p]sonal privacy4 ,! "w z x /&s has tak5 hundr$s ( h\rs ( ! "t ( ^! *ildr5 & ( _! p>5ts & tea*]s1 ov] a p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,!y are all v busy p1 yet !y h giv5 "t & en]gy = te/s1 measurem5ts1 & int]views z reque/$4 ,x is obvi\s t )\t ?is cop]ation no /udy c\ld h be5 made4 ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? ,tea*]s ,college ,columbia ,univ]sity ,new ,york ,city #a ,,editorial ,,note4 ,! l>g] & bett] sampl+ ( subjects te/$ = ! #aicg ,/an=d ,revision %[$ a wid] v>iability ?an ! #aiaf gr\p & indicates t ! true ,,pe ( ! ,,iq di/ribution ( unselect$ *ildr5 is 9 ! neighborhood ( #aa ,,iq po9ts1 accord+ to ,t]man4 #b ,all su* records h be5 deposit$ 9 ! psy*ological laboratory ( ,b>n>d ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,,"p ,i ,,ori5tation ,,*apt] ,,"o ,,! ,,concept ,,( ,,intellectual ,,g5ius ,x w\ld be an ambiti\s project to f9d & discuss all ! def9itions ( g5ius t h ev] be5 (f]$ 9 writ+4 ,to d ?is is beyond our pres5t purpose1 :i* is1 r1 to illu/rate ! v>i\s concepts t h be5 =mulat$ & to take guidance f !m 9 ! consid]ation ( *ildr5 ( great ability4 ,x w p]haps be _m ye>s be=e x w be app>5t :e!r ! *ildr5 /udi$ h]e9 are g5iuses or n4 ,p]haps ?is c nev] be det]m9$1 z ! ^w g5ius may ev5tually be f\nd to h no mean+ t c be agre$ ^u4 ,all we "k ab\t ! /atus ( ! subjects ( ! pres5t /udy is t !y te/ above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 & are ?us m ?an #aj ,,pe remov$ f m$iocrity 9 g5]al intellig5ce4 #a ,x may be possible to arrive at "s comp>ison betwe5 _! *>act]i/ics & p]=mances on ! "o h&1 & ! concepts ( g5ius t h be5 (f]$ on ! o!r4 ,,concepts ,,( ,,! ,,anci5ts ,! concept ( ! g5ius is v anci5t4 ,ovid 7#ab71 #b ref]r+ to ,caes> & 8 prep>ations to complete ! conque/ ( ! _w1 notes ! mann] 9 :i* a g5ius acts 9 advance ( 8 ye>s3 ,?\gh he himself is b a boy1 he wages a w> unsuit$ to 8 boyi% ye>s4 ,oh1 ye ( little fai?1 vex n y\r s\ls ab\t ! age ( ! gods6 ,g5ius div9e outpaces "t1 & brooks n ! t$ium ( t>dy gr[?4 ,h]cules 0 /ill no m ?an a *ild :5 he cru%$ ! s]p5t 9 8 baby h&s4 ,ev5 9 ! cradle1 he prov$ himself a wor?y son ( ,jove4 ,! ,greeks call$ t p]son's daemon :i* direct$ & inspir$ 8 creative "w4 ,diction>ies ref] to ! ,roman concept ( g5ius z a _s presid+ ov] ! de/9y ( a p]son or a place2 a famili> _s or a tutel>y4 ,! g5ie 0 "o ( ! p[]ful nature demons ( ,arabian & ,mohamm$an lore1 believ$ to int]f]e 9 human affairs & to be sometimes subject to magic control4 ,?9k]s 9 any & e field1 no matt] h[ remote f t ( psy*ology1 h confid5tly discuss$ ! nature ( g5ius4 ,philosoph]s1 poets1 litt]ateurs1 physicians1 physiologi/s1 psy*iatri/s1 an?ropometri/s1 lexicograph>s1 encyclop$i/s-- all h (f]$ def9itions1 ea* accord+ to 8 light4 ,x has be5 deem$ a subject on :i* anyone might legitimately express an op9ion4 ,! result is1 z might be expect$1 an int]e/+ miscellany ( contradictions4 ,,diction>y ,,def9itions ,by d]ivation ! ^w g5ius means to beget or to br+ =?1 com+ f g5]e1 gign]e4 ,samuel ,johnson's ,diction>y--f :i* ,galton took 8 po9t ( dep>ture 9 *oos+ ! ^w g5ius = ! title ( 8 "w on ability--def9es a g5ius z ,a man end[$ ) sup]ior faculties4 ,funk & ,wagnall's ,diction>y (f]s ! foll[+ def9ition3 ,v extraord9>y gifts or native p[]s1 especially z display$ 9 orig9al creation1 discov]y1 expression1 or a*ievem5t4 ,web/]'s ,new ,int]national ,diction>y def9es g5ius z ,extraord9>y m5tal sup]iority2 esp4 unusual p[] ( inv5tion or orig9ation ( any k9d2 z1 a man ( g5ius4 ,! ,diction>y ( ,psy*ology def9es g5ius 9 "p 9 t]ms ( ,,iq1 b at ! same "t d5ies ! ^w any special mean+ z a recogniz$ sci5tific t]m3 ,g5ius--a v sup]ior m5tal ability1 especially a sup]ior p[] ( inv5tion or orig9ation ( any k9d1 or ( execution ( "s special =m1 su* z music1 pa9t+1 or ma!matics4 4 4 4 ,x has no special te*nical mean+1 b has occasionally be5 def9$ z equival5t to an intellig5ce quoti5t 7,,iq7 ( #adj or above4 ,g5]ally speak+1 !n1 diction>ies def9e g5ius z a sup]ior or sup]lative degree ( intellectual capacity1 & avoid claim+ x = any concept ( an add$1 diff]5t1 or abnormal elem5t 9 human faculty4 ,,concepts ,,( ,,g5ius ,z a manife/ation ( abnormal psy*ology4 ,a numb] ( ?9k]s 9 fields alli$ to psy*ology h laid emphasis ^u a suppos$ connection betwe5 g5ius & n]v\s in/ability or insanity4 ,?is idea is embodi$ 9 ! /atem5t by ,pascal3 ,l'extrme esprit e/ vois9 de l'extrme folie4 ,lam>t9e ref]s to la maladie m5tale qu'on appelle gnie4 ,lombroso 7#aj7 is p]haps ! mo/ widely quot$ among ^? :o h held or :o hold ?is po9t ( view4 ,z con/itut+ a diff]5t species4 ,! idea has be5 express$ by ?9k]s o!r ?an pr(ess$ psy*ologi/s--& at times by psy*ologi/s !mselves--t m5 ( g5ius are a sep>ate species1 p>tak+ ( qualities n %>$ 9 any degree by p]sons at l>ge4 ,?is concept is at "o ) t :i* w\ld reg>d ! idiot & ! imbecile z di/9ct 9 k9d1 n 9 degree only1 f ! mass ( mank9d4 ,g5ius w\ld ?us be n m]ely m ( ! same b a diff]5t sort altoge!r4 ,?us ,hirs* 7#g7 specifically decl>es3 ,! g5ius diff]s 9 k9d f ! species1 man4 ,g5ius c be def9$ only 9 t]ms ( its own unique m5tal & temp]am5tal processes1 traits1 qualities1 & products4 ,g5ius is ano!r psy*obiological species1 diff]+ z mu* f man1 9 8 m5tal & temp]am5tal processes1 z man diff]s f ! ape4 ,z a hyp]trophi$ & highly specializ$ aptitude = specific p]=mance4 ,! ?\ght has be5 advanc$ t intellectual g5ius is a matt] ( specialization2 t ! m9d ( a g5ius w n1 typically1 "w on all data ) sup]ior results1 b t x is adapt$ only or prim>ily to c]ta9 k9ds ( intellectual p]=mance4 ,9 o!r words1 ! g5ius is ?\ght to lack g5]al ability4 ,a rec5t /atem5t by ,c>rel 7#b7 seems to express 9 "p at lea/ ?is !ory3 ,!re is also a class ( m5 :o1 al?\gh di%>moni\s z ! crim9al & ! insane1 are indisp5sable to mod]n society4 ,!y are ! m5 ( g5ius4 ,!y are *>act]iz$ by a mon/r\s gr[? ( "s ( _! psy*ological activities4 ,a great arti/1 a great sci5ti/1 a great philosoph]1 is r>ely a great man4 ,he is g5]ally a man ( common type1 ) "o side ov]-develop$4 ,z a comb9ation ( traits4 ,galton 7#f7 ?\ght ( g5ius z t :i* qualifies a p]son = em95ce1 & he believ$ t a*iev$ em95ce mu/ be f\nd$ on a comb9ation ( no less ?an ?ree ess5tials4 ,he wrote3 ,by natural ability ,i mean ^? qualities ( intellect & disposition :i* urge & qualify a man to p]=m acts t lead to reputation4 ,i d n mean capacity )\t zeal1 nor zeal )\t capacity1 nor ev5 a comb9ation ( bo? ( !m1 )\t an adequate p[] ( do+ a great deal ( v labori\s "w4 ,b ,i mean a nature :i*1 :5 left to itself1 w1 urg$ by an inh]5t /imulus1 climb ! pa? t leads to em95ce1 & has /r5g? to rea* ! summit 4 4 4 "o :i*1 if h9d]$ or ?w>t$1 w fret & /rive until ! h9drance is ov]come1 & x is aga9 free to foll[ its lab\r-lov+ in/9ct4 ,x is almo/ a contradiction 9 t]ms to d\bt t su* m5 w g5]ally become em95t4 ,aga91 ,galton says3 ,we h se5 t a union ( ?ree sep>ate qualities--intellect1 zeal1 & p[] ( "w--are necess>y to raise m5 f ! ranks4 ,lehman 7#i7 has rec5tly express$ ?is same idea1 z a result ( a /ati/ical /udy ( ! mo/ productive ye>s ( intellectual work]s3 ,inde$1 x is d\btful t g5ius is solely ! fruit ( any s+le trait4 ,x is ! belief ( ! writ] t ! fruits ( g5ius are1 on ! contr>y1 a function ( num]\s integ]s1 includ+ bo? ! p]sonal traits ( ! individual work]1 environm5tal conditions t are n too ho/ile1 & ! =tunate comb9ation ( bo? p]sonal traits & ext]nal conditions4 ,z quantitative4 ,galton 7#f7 0 ! fir/ to place ! /udy ( g5ius on ! basis ( quantitative /atem5t1 s t comp>isons might be made & v]tifications be effect$4 ,galton =mulat$ ! !ory t g5ius 7great natural ability7 is no?+ m nor less ?an a v extreme degree 9 ! di/ribution ( a comb9ation ( traits--intellect1 zeal1 & p[] ( work+-- :i* is %>$ by all 9 v>i\s grades or degrees4 ,reason+ ?us1 ,galton appli$ = ! fir/ "t 9 human ?\ght ! ma!matical concepts ( probablity to ! def9ition ( g5ius4 ,quetelet 7#ac71 draw+ objects f cong]ies ( kn[n composition1 _h elaborat$ ! =m :i* ! probabilities take ( draw+ a giv5 comb9ation4 ,?is =m1 ) ! law ( deviation f ! av]age gov]n+ x1 is n[1 ( c\rse1 a commonplace 9 psy*ological laboratories1 s t x is h>d to realize t :5 ,galton made ! m5tal leap f ?is curve to ! abilities ( m51 no "o _h ev] ?\ght ( human m9ds z fitt+ ! curve drawn by ,quetelet4 ,su* a fit _h already be5 ?\ght ( 9 connection ) measurem5ts ( physique1 & _h be5 demon/rat$ = measurem5ts ( ! %rimp 7#af7 & = physical traits ( p]sons4 ,b t natural ability %\ld be susceptible to ! probability curve & ! curi\s !oretical law ( deviation f an av]age z l5g? is among %rimps1 or z circumf]5ce ( ! *e/ is among ,scotti% soldi]s 7z %[n by ,quetelet71 0 n conceiv$4 ,) ! mod]n me?ods ( m5tal measurem5t x is easy en\gh to p]ceive ! tru? ( ?is4 ,b ,galton 0 work+ 9 ! d>k1 entirely )\t in/rum5ts ( precision2 & 8 table ( frequ5cy = ! classification ( m5 accord+ to _! natural gifts mu/ be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ presci5t /atem5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( social sci5ce4 ,work+ ) ! tables devis$ by ,quetelet1 ,galton propos$ ! tabul> classification ( m5 accord+ to _! natural gifts %[n bel[4 ,,classification ,,( ,,m5 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,_! ,,natural ,,gifts ,,grades ,,( ,,natural ,,numb]s ,,( ,,m5 ,,compris$ ,,9 ,,! ,,sev]al ,,grades ,,( ,,natural ,,ability1 ,,:e!r ,,9 ,,respect ,,ability1 ,,sep>at$ ,,to ,,_! ,,g5]al ,,p[]s ,,or ,,to ,,special ,,aptitudes ,,by ,,equal ,,int]vals ,bel[ ,above ,proportionate2 ,9 ,ea* ,million ,9 ,total ,male ,population ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ,say ,av]age ,av]age viz41 ,"o 9 ( ! ,same ,age #ae ,millions1 ( ! ,und]m5tion$ ,ages #bj-cj #cj-dj #dj-ej #ej-fj #fj-gj #gj-hj a ,a #d #bef1gia #fea1jjj #die1jjj #cia1jjj #bfh1jjj #aga1jjj #gg1jjj b ,b #f #afa1bgi #dji1jjj #cab1jjj #bdf1jjj #afh1jjj #ajg1jjj #dh1jjj c ,c #af #fc1efc #afa1jjj #abc1jjj #ig1jjj #ff1jjj #db1jjj #ai1jjj d ,d #fd #ae1fif #ci1hjj #cj1cjj #bc1ijj #af1djj #aj1djj #d1gjj e ,e #dac #b1dbc #f1ajj #d1gjj #c1gjj #b1ebj #a1fjj #gbi f ,f #d1cjj #bcc #eij #dej #cee #bdc #aee #gj g ,g #gi1jjj #ad #ce #bg #ba #ae #i #d x ,all grades ,all grades bel[ g above ,g #a1jjj1jjj #a #c #b #b #b #j #j ,int]pret+ ?is !oretical tabulation1 ,galton 7#f7 wrote3 ,x w be se5 t m ?an half ( ea* million is conta9$ 9 ! two m$iocre classes a & ,a2 ! f\r m$iocre classes a1 b1 ,a1 ,b1 conta9 m ?an f\r fif?s1 & ! six m$iocre classes m ?an n9ete5 tw5tie?s ( ! entire population4 ,?us1 ! r>ity ( comm&+ ability & ! va/ abundance ( m$iocrity is no accid5t1 b foll[s ( necessity f ! v nature ( ^! ?+s4 ,on decsc5d+ ! scale1 we f9d by ! "t we h rea*$ f t we are already among ! idiots & imbeciles4 ,we h se5 t !re are #djj idiots & imbeciles to any million ( p]sons liv+ 9 ?is c\ntry2 b t #cj p] c5t ( _! numb] appe> to be light cases1 to :om ! "n ( idiot is inappropriate4 ,!re w rema9 #bhj true idiots & imbeciles to e million ( our population4 ,?is ratio co9cides v closely ) ! requirem5ts ( class f4 ,no d\bt a c]ta9 proportion ( !m are idiots ow+ to "s =tuit\s cause 4 4 4 b ! proportion ( accid5tal idiots _c be v l>ge4 ,h5ce we arrive at ! und5iable b unexpect$ conclusion t em95tly gift$ m5 are rais$ z mu* above m$iocrity z idiots are depress$ bel[ x2 a fact t is calculat$ to enl>ge consid]ably our ideas ( ! enorm\s diff]5ce ( intellectual gifts betwe5 man & man4 ,,miscellane\s ,,obs]vations ,,t5d+ ,,to ,,def9e ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,g5ius ,9 addition to ! =mulation ( ! r def9ite concepts ( g5ius :i* h be5 discuss$1 !re are to be f\nd 9 ! lit]ature ( ?is topic a l>ge numb] ( g5]al obs]vations ascrib+ c]ta9 *>act]i/ics to p]sons ( g5ius4 ,!re are also _m rem>ks z to ! conditions ( liv+1 ( education1 ( g5etics1 & s =?1 :i* are alleg$ to fo/] or to h9d] ! developm5t ( g5ius4 ,_m ( ^! obs]vations & rem>ks emanate f o!rs ?an pr(ess$ psy*ologi/s1 "s ( ! mo/ int]e/+ com+ f litt]ateurs & philosoph]s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ p5etrat+ discussions ( g5ius by a litt]ateur is t ( ,%aw 7#ae7 9 8 ,preface to ,sa9t ,joan4 ,%aw reg>ds ,sa9t ,joan z a "y g5ius1 & 9 introduc+ 8 read]s to ?is po9t ( view he says3 ,let u be cle> ab\t ! mean+ ( ! t]ms4 ,a g5ius is a p]son :o1 see+ f>!r & prob+ deep] ?an o!r p1 has a diff]5t set ( e?ical values f !irs1 & has en]gy en\gh to give effect to ?is extra vision & its valuations 9 :atev] mann] be/ suits 8 or h] specific tal5ts4 ,"h is br\ght out ! t5d5cy to het]odoxy :i* *>act]izes g5ius & is ! s\rce ( mu* ( its difficulty4 ,%aw dwells ^u ^! difficulties 9 say+3 ,b x is n s easy = m5tal giants :o nei!r hate nor int5d to injure _! fell[s to realize t nev]!less _! fell[s hate m5tal giants & w\ld l to de/roy !m1 n only envi\sly because ! juxtaposition ( a sup]ior w\nds _! vanity1 b q hone/ly because x fright5s !m4 ,fe> w drive m5 to any extreme2 & ! fe> inspir$ by a sup]ior be+ is a my/]y :i* _c be reason$ away4 ,be+ immeasurable x is unbe>able :5 !re is no presumption or gu>antee ( its b5evol5ce & moral responsibility2 9 o!r words1 :5 x has (ficial /atus4 ,?is is ! same tr5d ( ?\ght :i* ,mill 7#aa7 foll[s 9 8 ,essay on ,lib]ty1 not+ ! orig9ality t *>act]izes g5ius & ! tr\bles t result f x1 & insi/+ ^u fre$om = g5ius 9 ! int]e/s ( ! g5]al welf>e4 ,x w\ld n be d5i$ by anybody t orig9ality is a valuable elem5t 9 human affairs4 ,!re is always ne$ ( p]sons n only to discov] new tru?s1 & po9t out :5 :at 7 once tru?s are true no long]1 b also to comm5ce new practices1 & set ! example ( m enlight5$ conduct1 & bett] ta/e & s5se 9 human life4 4 4 4 ,x is true t ?is b5efit is n capable ( be+ r5d]$ by ev]ybody alike2 !re are b few p]sons 9 comp>ison ) ! :ole ( mank9d1 ^: exp]im5ts1 if adopt$ by o!rs1 w\ld be likely to be any improvem5t on e/abli%$ practice4 ,b ^! few are ! salt ( ! e>?2 )\t !m1 human life w\ld become a /agnant pool4 4 4 4 ,p]sons ( g5ius1 x is true1 are & are always likely to be1 a small m9ority2 b 9 ord] to h !m1 x is necess>y to pres]ve ! soil 9 :i* !y gr[4 ,g5ius c only brea! freely 9 an atmosph]e ( fre$om4 ,p]sons ( g5ius are1 ex vi t]m9i1 m individual ?an any o!r p 4 4 4 less capable1 consequ5tly1 ( fitt+ !mselves1 )\t hurtful compression1 into any ( ! small numb] ( m\lds :i* society provides 9 ord] to save its memb]s ! tr\ble ( =m+ _! own "*4 ,if f timidity !y cons5t to be =c$ into "o ( ^! m\lds1 & to let t "p ( !mselves :i* _c exp& "u ! pressure rema9 unexp&$1 society w be little bett] = _! g5ius4 ,if !y are ( /rong "*1 & break _! fett]s1 !y become a m>k = ! society :i* has n succe$$ 9 r$uc+ !m to common-place1 to po9t ) solemn w>n+ z wild1 erratic1 & ! l2 mu* z if "o %\ld compla9 ( ! ,niag>a ,riv] = n fl[+ smoo?ly betwe5 its banks l a ,dut* canal4 ,mill says fur!r3 ,i insi/ ?us emphatically on ! importance ( g5ius1 & ! necessity ( all[+ x to unfold itself freely bo? 9 ?\ght & 9 practice1 be+ well aw>e t no "o w d5y ! position 9 !ory1 b kn[+ also t almo/ ev]yone1 9 reality1 is totally indiff]5t to x4 ,mill1 inde$1 _h mu* to say ab\t ! conditions "u :i* ! exceptional individual contributes to social *ange & progress1 :i* be>s imm$iately ^u ! education ( highly exceptional *ildr54 ,be>+ fur!r ^u ! p]secution to :i* g5ius is (t5 subject z a p5alty = noncon=mity1 ,havelock ,ellis 7#e7 aft] /udy+ a l>ge numb] ( ,briti% m5 ( g5ius says3 ,x is practically impossible to e/imate ! am\nt ( p]secution to :i* ?is gr\p ( prem95t p]sons has be5 subject$1 = x has %[n itself 9 innum]able =ms1 & v>ies betwe5 a m]e passive refusal to h any?+ to d ) !m or _! "w & ! active infliction ( physical torture & dea?4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 at lea/ "o =m ( p]secution1 v def9ite 9 "*1 :i* x is easy to e/imate1 s9ce ! national biograph]s h probably 9 few cases pass$ ov] x4 ,i ref] to imprisonm5t4 ,i f9d t at lea/ #afj1 or ov] #af p] c5t1 ( our #ige em95t m5 7 imprison$1 once or (t5]1 = p]iods ( v>y+ l5g?1 :ile _m o!rs only escap$ imprisonm5t by volunt>y exile4 ,?is is a conclusion rea*$ by "o inve/igat+ ! condition ( g5ius among :at are probably ! mo/ lib]al p 9 ! _w--! ,briti%1 a nation ( prote/ants4 ,ano!r condition ( g5ius frequ5tly alleg$ is t ( p]sonal isolation4 ,%aw makes ,sa9t ,joan say1 ,i 0 always alone4 ,s*op5hau] 7#ad7 says3 ,x is (t5 ! case t a great m9d pref]s soliloquy to ! dialogue he may h 9 ! _w4 ,hirs* 7#g7 dwells at "s l5g? ^u isolation3 ,! g5ius is con/antly =c$ to solitude1 = he e>ly le>ns f exp]i5ce t 8 k9d c expect no reciprocation ( _! g5]\s feel+s4 4 4 4 ,solitude c be/ be def9$ z ! /ate 9 :i* fri5ds are lack+ or abs5t1 r ?an z ! opposite ( sociability4 4 4 4 ,solitude is b a refuge ( g5ius1 n its goal4 ,"t aft] "t "o detects1 f ! lives or writ+s ( g5ius1 t solitude is n its de/9y b only a retreat2 n ! normal fruition ( its be+1 b an empty h>bor %elt]+ x f ! tortures1 griefs1 & calumnies ( ! _w4 4 4 4 ,x is a griev\s error to cr$it ! g5ius ) an innate incl9ation to %un m54 ,b 9 8 y\? he le>ns by exp]i5ce t solitude is pref]able to suffocation1 /upefaction1 or surr5d]4 ,alg] 7#a7 sees isolation z a necess>y coroll>y ( ! insi/5ce ^u p]fection & accuracy :i* *>act]izes g5ius3 ,a passion = p]fection w make its subject solit>y z no?+ else c4 ,at e /ep he leaves a gr\p beh9d4 ,& :51 at la/1 he rea*es ! goal1 alas1 :]e are 8 e>ly comrades8 ,^! ref]5ces to ! e>ly exp]i5ce ( ! g5ius 9 meet+ ! uncordial response ( ! _w z con/itut$1 ) its resultant t5d5cy to isolation1 connect !mselves ) an acc\nt f\nd 9 ! ,apocryphal ,new ,te/am5t1 9 a portion call$ ! ,hebrew ,gospels4 ,& ,joseph1 see+ t ! *ild 0 vigor\s 9 m9d & body1 aga9 resolv$ t he %\ld n rema9 ignorant ( ! lett]s1 & took him away1 & h&$ him ov] to ano!r tea*]4 ,& ! tea*] said to ,joseph3 ,i %all tea* him ! ,greek lett]s1 & !n ,hebrew4 ,he wrote out ! alphabet & began to tea*+ him 9 an imp]i\s tone1 say+3 ,say ,alpha4 ,& he gave him 8 att5tion = a long "t & he made no answ]1 b 0 sil5t4 ,& he said to him3 ,if ?\ art really a tea*]1 tell me ! p[] ( ! ,alpha & ,i w tell !e ! p[] ( ! ,beta4 ,& ! tea*] 0 enrag$ at ?is1 & /ruck him4 ,,speculation ,,& ,,comm5t ,,conc]n+ ,,g5ius ,! ecology ( g5ius has evok$ speculation & comm5t4 ,?us ,*ur*ill 7#c7 says3 ,m\nta9 regions disc\rage ! budd+ ( g5ius because !y are areas ( isolation1 conf9em5t1 remote f ! great curr5ts ( m5 & ieas t move along riv] valleys4 ,!y are regions ( mu* labor & little leisure1 ( pov]ty today & anxiety = ! morr[1 ( toil-cramp$ h&s & toil-dull$ bra9s4 ,9 ! f]tile alluvial pla9s are weal?1 leisure1 contact ) _m m9ds1 l>ge urban c5t]s :]e commodities & ideas are ex*ang$4 ,! orig9s ( g5ius h also engag$ ! att5tion ( speculative ?9k]s4 ,= in/ance1 ,dixon 7#d7 & also ,hirs* 7#g7 (f] ! hypo!sis t racial mixture is an antec$5t ( g5ius4 ,krets*m] 7#h7 w\ld by inf]5ce subscribe to ?is !ory1 s9ce he holds t g5etically g5ius results f ! union ( unlike elem5ts1 to :i* he ref]s z ba/>dization3 ,! inve/igation ( ! family hi/ory ( highly tal5t$ individuals demon/rates v cle>ly ! effect ( biological ba/>dization1 & %[s :y x may lead to ! production ( g5ius4 4 4 4 ,x results 9 a complicat$ psy*ological /ructure1 9 :i* ! compon5ts ( two /rongly oppos+ g]ms rema9 9 pol> t5sion ?r\gh\t life4 4 4 4 ,?is pol> t5sion acts z an effective & dynamic factor & produces 9 ! g5ius ! labile equlibrium1 ! effective sup]-pressure1 t cont9u\s1 re/less impulsiv5ess1 :i* c>ries him f> beyond placid1 traditional practice & ! simple satisfaction ( life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 reg>d to 8 intellectual abilities1 ! pol> t5sion creates 9 ! g5ius 8 wide m5tal horizon1 ! div]se & complicat$ weal? ( 8 tal5t1 ! all-embrac+ p]sonality4 ,krets*m] also allies himself ) ^? :o hold ! concept ( g5ius z closely relat$ to insanity1 quot+ select$ cases 9 pro(3 ,ba/>dization produces int]nal contra/s & conflicts1 affects t5sions1 highly /rung & uncomp5sat$ passions1 & a spiritual lability4 ,x consequ5tly creates a pr$isposition to g5ius 4 4 4 b also po9ts to psy*o-pa?ological complications4 ,?us ! rese>* on ba/>dization becomes closely int]wov5 ) ! old1 famili> que/ions1 lead+ u back to ! problem3 ,g5ius & ,insanity4 ,,bibliography #a4 ,,alg]1 ,,william4 ,! ,g5ius ( ,solitude1 page #add4 #b4 ,,c>rel1 ,,alexis4 ,man ! ,unkn[n4 ,see pages #adj-ada4 ,h>p] ,bro!rs1 ,new ,york2 #aice4 #c4 ,,*ur*ill1 ,,ell5 ,,semple4 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,geographic ,environm5t on ! ,basis ( ,ratzel's ,sy/em ( ,an?ropogeography4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company1 ,bo/on2 #aiji4 #d4 ,,dixon1 ,,rol& ,b4 ,! ,racial ,hi/ory ( ,man4 ,*>les ,scribn]'s ,sons1 ,new ,york2 #aibc4 #e4 ,,ellis1 ,,havelock4 ,a ,/udy ( ,briti% ,g5ius4 ,con/able1 ,london2 #aibg4 #f4 ,,galton1 ,,francis4 ,h]$it>y ,g5ius4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,london2 #aiad4 #g4 ,,hirs*1 ,n4 ,d4 ,m4 ,g5ius & ,creative ,intellig5ce4 ,sci-,art ,publi%]1 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts2 #aica4 #h4 ,,krets*m]1 ,e4 ,! ,psy*ology ( ,m5 ( ,g5ius4 ,translat$ by ,r4 ,b4 ,cattell4 ,h>c\rt1 ,brace ,co41 ,inc41 ,new ,york2 #aica4 #i4 ,,lehman1 ,,h>vey ,c4 ,! ,creative ,ye>s 9 ,sci5ce & ,lit]ature4 ,sci5tific ,mon?ly 7,augu/1 #aicf74 #aj4 ,,lombroso1 ,c4 ,! ,man ( ,g5ius4 ,scott1 ,london2 #ahia4 #aa4 ,,mill1 ,,john ,,/u>t4 ,essay on ,lib]ty4 ,see page #gf ff4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york2 #aibf ,ed4 #ab4 ,,ovidius ,,naso1 ,,publius4 ,ars ,amatoria 7,! ,love ,books ( ,ovid74 ,translat$ by ,j4 ,lewis ,may4 ,privately pr9t$ = ! ,r>ity ,press1 ,new ,york2 #aicj4 #ac4 ,,quetelet1 ,m4 ,lett]s on ,probability4 ,translat$ by ,d[nes4 ,layton ,co41 ,london2 #ahdi4 #ad4 ,,s*op5hau]1 ,,ar?ur4 ,essay on ,g5ius1 9 ,! ,art ( ,lit]ature1 ,essays ( ,ar?ur ,s*op5hau]4 ,willey ,book ,company1 ,new ,york4 #ae4 ,,%aw1 ,,george ,,b]n>d4 ,sa9t ,joan4 ,dodd1 ,mead1 ,co41 ,inc41 ,new ,york2 #aibd1 #aicf4 #af4 ,,weldon1 ,w4 ,f4 ,r4 ,c]ta9 ,correlat$ ,v>iations 9 ,crangdon ,vulg>is1 ,proce$+s ( ,! ,royal ,society1 ,vol4 #ea1 page #b 7#ahib74 #a ,see endnote #a 9 ,preface4 #b ,numb]s 9 p>5!ses ref] to correspond+ly numb]$ ref]5ces 9 ! ,bibliography at ! end ( ea* *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,two ,,e>ly ,,sci5tific ,,/udy ,,( ,,em95t ,,adults #a ,because1 /rictly speak+1 ! pres5t /udy is limit$ 9 its int]e/ & data to *ildhood1 no attempt w be made to review 9 detail ! some:at num]\s /udies ( exceptional adults4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,em95t ,,adults ,su* /udies z ^? und]tak5 by ,galton 7#aa1 #ab71 ,de ,c&olle 7#i71 ,ellis 7#aj71 ,od9 7#ag71 & ,cattell 7#d1 #e7 %[ t ^? :o1 z adults1 become em95t 9 intellectual "w1 are 9 disproportionately great numb]s ! *ildr5 ( ! upp] 7nobl] or pr(essional7 classes2 & t !y are usually born ei!r 9 cities or on l>ge c\ntry e/ates 79 ,france1 9 ! *ateaux74 ,v few em95t adults h orig9at$ 9 ! families ( labor]s1 & relatively few h be5 born 9 agricultural di/ricts1 9 c\ntries long settl$4 ,beyond ^! facts ( orig91 ! inve/igators ( em95ce 9 adults h n giv5 mu* in=mation ab\t _! subjects ( inquiry 9 respect to *ildhood4 ,,yod]',s ,,/udy ,we %all beg9 our detail$ ref]5ce to previ\s obs]vations ) ,yod]'s /udy1 publi%$ 9 #ahih4 ,yod] 7#be7 made a sy/ematic attempt to ga!r data ab\t ! boyhood ( v em95t m54 ,he ?us track$ d[n c]ta9 facts ab\t fifty great p]sons conc]n+ :om he c\ld f9d data be>+ on _! *ildhood4 ,f ^! he 0 able to make ! foll[+ g5]alizations3 #a4 ,! *ild :o w become a great man may be born at any "t1 ov] a v wide range ( ! productive p]iod 9 ! lives ( p>5ts4 ,! mo!rs ( ! fifty great p]sons /udi$ rang$ 9 age f #ah to #dd ye>s1 :5 ! great man 0 born1 ) a m$ian ( #bi4h ye>s4 ,! fa!rs rang$ 9 age f #bc to #fj ye>s1 ) a m$ian ( #cg4g ye>s4 #b4 ,! av]age numb] ( sibl+s ( ^! p]sons 0 #e1 n includ+ half bro!rs & si/]s4 #c4 ,9 families ( m ?an "o *ild1 !re 0 f\nd to be a /rong t5d5cy 7*ances ( ne>ly #b to #a7 = ! great man to be 9 ! eld] half ( ! sibl+s4 #d4 ,( ^? li/$1 #ag 7 only sons1 ei!r by ord] ( bir? or by dea? ( o!r sons born4 7,?is is n to say t !y 7 only *ildr547 #e4 ,!re 0 f\nd no evid5ce t ! great 7 sickly or physically weak 9 *ildhood1 to a m m>k$ ext5t ?an av]age4 #f4 ,!re appe>$ a t5d5cy to great height among !m ?an among p]sons 9 g5]al1 ?\gh ! t5d5cy is n v m>k$4 #g4 ,play int]e/s 7 ke5 among ^! *ildr51 ?\gh ! play 0 (t5 ( an unusual k9d4 ,solit>y play is repeat$ly describ$4 ,( ,em]son1 8 biograph] says3 ,i don't ?9k he ev] engag$ 9 boys' plays1 n because ( any physical disability1 b simply because f e>lie/ ye>s he dwelt 9 a high] sph]e4 ,o!rs are said to h be5 dis9cl9$ to g5]al int]c\rse4 ,in/ead ( jo9+ 9 ! usual *ildi% games1 ,newton pref]r$ to play ) 8 ma*9es1 ,d>w9 ) 8 collections1 ,%elley to read1 ,/ev5son to make clay eng9es1 & ,edison to mix 8 *emicals4 ,( ,byron x 0 writt53 ,! love ( solitude & ( m$itation is already traceable 9 ! *ild4 ,he loves to w&] at night among ! d>k & solit>y cloi/]s ( ! abbey4 ,to quote ,yod]3 ,solitude seems to h play$ a r /rik+ role 9 ! lives ( ^! great m54 ,ei!r by nature or by opportunity1 !y h /ay$ a great deal alone4 ,nev]!less1 _m ( ! fifty p]sons /udi$ by ,yod] enjoy$ physical activity4 ,wa%+ton lov$ outdoor sports1 ,s*ill] 0 a lead] 9 a?letics1 ,byron 0 an en?usia/ic swimm] & rid]1 & ,l9coln 0 ! *ampion wre/l] & woodcutt] ( 8 neighborhood4 #h4 ,! popul> idea t great m5 owe _! success to _! mo!rs' influ5ce ^u _! education does n receive v]ification f a /udy ( ^! cases4 ,! "m's place seems v (t5 to h be5 fill$ by "s o!r p]son1 frequ5tly an aunt1 ei!r because ! "m _h di$1 or because !re 7 _m o!r *ildr5 to c>e =4 ,! role ( ! aunt /&s out prom95tly4 #i4 ,^! great p]sons 71 9 ! decid$ majority ( cases1 d]iv$ f well-to-d families4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 privately educat$1 by tutors or 9 private s*ools4 ,v few 7 self made4 ,,t]man',s ,,inf]5ces ,,f ,,biography ,t]man 7#bj7 has effect$ an int]e/+ advance ov] ,yod]'s me?od1 9 ! int]pretation ( evid5ce f ! biography ( adults4 #b ,by analyz+ data 9 ! biography ( ,francis ,galton1 & by relat+ ^! data to mod]n k ( m5tal te/s1 ,t]man d]ives t ! ,,iq ( ,francis ,galton 9 *ildhood mu/ h be5 n f> f #bjj4 ,z ,t]man has else:]e po9t$ out1 ^! attempts to /udy g5ius 9 *ildhood by inf]5ce f ! biography ( adults are v unsatisfactory4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 only ^? ^: pot5tialities h be5 realiz$ are includ$ 9 su* /udy4 ,s9ce factors o!r ?an innate intellectual p[] act also z det]m9ants ( em95ce1 we _c be sure :e!r equal capacity = selective ?9k+ may h exi/$ 9 p]sons :o di$ be=e ! age ( a*ievem5t1 :o 7 y\ng] sons1 :o 7 girls1 or :o 7 ! *ildr5 ( ! poor4 ,moreov]1 su* evid5ce z c be glean$ conc]n+ ^? :o h a*iev$ em95ce is comp>atively unsy/ematic & unreliable z reg>ds *ildhood4 ,mo/ cle>ly relat$ to our pres5t /udy are ! previ\sly report$ obs]vations ( *ildr5 made directly1 dur+ *ildhood1 by tra9$ inve/igators4 ,! mod]n developm5t ( m5tal te/s has n[ enabl$ psy*ologi/s to id5tify "y *ildr5 :o deviate f av]age 9 ! direction ( sup]iority z reg>ds selective ?9k+1 & to foll[ _! developm5t = "s ye>s4 ,ev5tually1 !re=e1 x w be kn[n h[ to recognize ^? *ildr5 :o c become great1 & :e!r extreme deviation 9 m5tal te/s is a basis ( prophecy4 ,,bibliography #a4 ,,b9et1 ,a4 ,psy*ologie des gr&es calculateurs et joieurs d'*ecs4 ,ha*ette1 ,p>is2 #ahid4 #b4 ,,brimhall1 ,d4 ,family ,resemblances among ,am]ican ,m5 ( ,sci5ce1 ,am]ican ,naturali/1 ,vol4 #ef 7#aibb7 & ,vol4 #eg 7#aibc74 #c4 ,,ca/le1 ,c4 ,s4 ,/ati/ical ,/udy ( ,em95t ,wom54 ,ar*ives ( ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,no4 #bg 7#aiac74 #d4 ,,cattell1 ,j4 ,mc,k4 ,a ,/ati/ical ,/udy ( ,em95t ,m54 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly 7#aijc74 #e4 ------ ,families ( ,am]ican ,m5 ( ,sci5ce4 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,mon?ly1 ,vol4 #hf1 pages #ejd-eae 7#aiae74 #f4 ,,cl>k1 ,e4 ,l4 ,am]ican ,m5 ( ,lett]s3 ,_! ,nature & ,nurture4 ,columbia ,univ]sity ,press1 ,new ,york2 #aiaf4 #g4 ,,cox1 ,c4 ,m4 ,! ,e>ly ,m5tal ,traits ( ,?ree ,hundr$ ,g5iuses4 ,g5etic ,/udies ( ,g5ius3 ,vol4 #b4 ,/an=d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 ,cali=nia2 #aibf4 #h4 ,,davies1 ,g4 ,r4 ,a ,/ati/ical ,/udy ( ! ,influ5ce ( ! ,environm5t4 ,qu>t]ly ,j\rnal ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,nor? ,dakota 7#aiad74 #i4 ,,de ,,c&olle1 ,a4 ,hi/oire des ,sci5ces et des ,savants depuis ,deux ,sicles4 ,g5eva1 ,switz]l&2 #ahgc4 #aj4 ,,ellis1 ,,havelock4 ,a ,/udy ( ,briti% ,g5ius4 ,hir/ & ,blackett1 ,london2 #aijd4 #aa4 ,,galton1 ,,francis4 ,engli% ,m5 ( ,sci5ce4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,london2 #ahgd4 #ab4 ------ ,h]$it>y ,g5ius4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york1 #aiad4 7,orig9al edition1 ,london2 #ahfi47 #ac4 ,,lehman1 ,,h>vey ,c4 ,! ,creative ,ye>s 9 ,sci5ce & ,lit]ature4 ,sci5tific ,mon?ly1 ,vol4 ,,xliii1 pages #aea-afb 7#aicf74 #ad4 ,,lombroso1 ,c4 ,! ,man ( ,g5ius4 ,scott1 ,london2 #ahie4 #ae4 ,,middleton1 ,w4 ,c4 ,! ,prop5sity ( ,g5ius to ,solitude4 ,j\rnal ( ,abnormal & ,social ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #cj1 pages #cbe-ccb 7#aice74 #af4 ,,mit*ell1 ,f4 ,d4 ,ma!matical ,prodigies4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #ah1 pages #fa-adc 7#aijg74 #ag4 ,,od91 ,a4 ,g5se des ,gr&s ,hommes des ,lettres ,franais ,mod]nes4 ,p>is et ,lausanne2 #ahie4 #ah4 ,,rask91 ,e4 ,comp>ison ( ,sci5tific & ,lit]>y ,ability3 ,a ,biographical ,/udy ( ,em95t ,sci5ti/s & ,m5 ( ,lett]s ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,j\rnal ( ,abnormal & ,social ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #ca1 pages #bj-ce 7#aice74 #ai4 ,,s*u/]1 ,e4 ,! ,promise ( ,y\? & ! ,p]=mance ( ,manhood4 ,eug5ics ,laboratory ,memoirs1 ,vol4 #c1 pages #af ff4 ,london2 #aijg4 #bj4 ,,t]man1 ,,lewis ,m4 ,! ,,iq ( ,francis ,galton 9 ,*ildhood4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #bh1 pages #bji-bae 7#aiag74 #ba4 ,,vi%]1 ,s4 ,s4 ,a ,/udy ( ! ,type ( ,place ( ,bir? & ( ! ,occupation ( ,fa!r ( ,subjects ( ,sket*es 9 ,:o's ,:o 9 ,am]ica4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 #aibe4 #bb4 ------ ,! ,comp>ative ,rank ( ! ,am]ican ,/ates4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sociology1 ,vol4 #cf1 pages #gce-geg 7,m>*1 #aica74 #bc4 ,,:ite1 ,r4 ,k4 ,note on ! ,psy*o-pa?ology ( ,g5ius4 ,j\rnal ( ,social ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #a1 pages #caa-cae 7#aicj74 #bd4 ------ ,! ,v]satility ( ,g5ius4 ,j\rnal ( ,social ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #b1 pages #dfj-dhi 7#aica74 #be4 ,,yod]1 ,g4 ,e4 ,a ,/udy ( ! ,boyhood ( ,great ,m54 ,p$agogical ,sem9>y1 ,vol4 #c1 pages #acd-aef 7#ahid74 #a ,,editorial ,,note4 ,no revision ( ?is *apt] has be5 f\nd among ! au?or's pap]s4 ,9 ! e>li] manuscript report+ b five cases1 !re 0 a brief section entitl$ ,inf]5ces f ! ,/udy ( ,adults1 & 9 ! incompletely revis$ manuscript a li/ ( ref]5ces is giv5 = ?is *apt] :i* _h n yet be5 writt54 ,! e>li] sections & ! revis$ bibliography are1 !re=e1 all t is available = ?is *apt]4 ,! bibliography w be suffici5t to guide any read] :o may be fur!r int]e/$ 9 ! details ( ! sci5tific /udy ( adults4 #b ,,editorial ,,note4 ,_h ^! pages be5 writt5 at a lat] date1 or revis$ by ! au?or1 ( c\rse ! m rec5t "w ( ,c4 ,m4 ,cox 7#g71 inspir$ by ,t]man1 w\ld h be5 consid]$4 ,,*apt] ,,?ree ,,publi%$ ,,reports ,,on ,,te/$ ,,*ildr5 ,galton & ^? :o built directly ^u 8 pione] ?\ght ab\t ability 7 limit$ to ! /udy ( ^? :o _h pass$ ! te/s ( life itself1 ! /udy ( ! old & ! dead1 ^u :om develop+ !ories & processes ( education h no be>+4 ,today "o ( ! pr9cipal reasons = obta9+ k conc]n+ able p]sons is t !y & o!rs l !m may be prop]ly educat$ = ! social functions :i* !y alone c p]=m4 ,inf]5ces f /udy ( em95t adults are1 !re=e1 ( negligible importance comp>$ to ! id5tification & education ( today's gift$ *ildr54 ,,mod]n ,,approa* ,,to ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,ability ,9 #aije ,b9et & ,simon 7#c71 ann\nc+ _! scale = ! measurem5t ( intellig5ce 9 *ildr51 r5d]$ x possible to "k at ! beg9n+ ( a human be+'s exi/5ce :]e--)9 n>r[ limits ( error--he or %e1 9 comp>ison ) all o!rs1 grades 9 calib] ( g5]al intellig5ce4 ,?is "w1 relat+ itself to "w done also by o!rs--notably ,spe>man 7#ba7 & ,?orndike 7#bh1 #cj7--;creat$ a new epo* 9 ! /udy ( ability & inaugurat$ ! s-call$ mod]n1 or pres5t-day1 approa* to ! subject4 ,,b9et',s ,,me?od ,no ext5d$ discussion ( :at g5]al intellig5ce is w be und]tak5 9 ^! pages1 z x w\ld n be g]mane to ! purposes ( ?is monograph4 ,x w be suffici5t to ref] to ! concept :i* ,b9et _h 9 m9d 9 /&>diz+ 8 scale 7#d73 ,x seems to u t !re is a fundam5tal faculty1 ! alt]ation or ! lack ( :i* is ( ! utmo/ importance = practical life4 ,x is ?is fundam5tal faculty :i* ,b9et nam$ judgm5t t is ! v>iable ^u :i* re/s ! extreme position ( ! *ildr5 :o are to be /udi$ h]e94 ,! quantitative me?ods :i* make possible ! /udy ( ! /atus ( ^! *ildr5 :5 !y h rea*$ adul?ood are ^? develop$ 9 rec5t ye>s by ,?orndike 7#cj7 & 8 /ud5ts4 ,z ! *ildr5 id5tifi$ ye>s ago by ,b9et's me?od grew to adul?ood1 !re 7 develop$ 9 ! v>i\s laboratories ( ,columbia ,univ]sity me?ods ( measur+ ! intellig5ce ( sup]ior adults1 bas$ on ! fundam5tal pr9ciples :i* are ! same = m5tal measurem5t at all p]iods ( developm5t4 ,me?ods h ?us be5 made available = mak+ quantitative /atem5ts ( ! /atus ( ^! individuals bo? dur+ developm5t & at maturity4 ,,! ,,range ,,( ,,intellect ,,above #ahj ,,iq ,x is p]t95t to inquire :at are ! limits ( v>iation 9 t]ms ( /&>d use 9 respect to human intellig5ce4 ,h[ f> sup]ior to ! av]age p]son are ! mo/ highly intellig5t individuals curr5tly produc$8 ,galton's 7#i7 ,x grade ( man 0 def9$ 9 t]ms ( incid5ce z "o 9 a million4 ,b ?is ,x man 0 n a product ( "o v>iable4 ,galton's ,x man result$ f an intellect 9 comb9ation ) zeal & p[] ( work+4 ,! incid5ce ( ?is comb9ation ( traits w\ld probably be less ?an ! incid5ce ( intellect alone 9 degree suffici5t = ,x4 ,our purpose 9 ?is *apt] w be to consid] inve/igations1 made by direct me?ods1 ( ! orig9 & developm5t ( *ildr5 ( a type extremely r>e 9 occurr5ce1 incid5ce be+ bas$ on "o v>iable only2 i4e41 intellig5ce measur$ 9 t]ms ( ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,= ?is purpose ! l9e might be drawn at any po9t f>!r ?an #g ,,pe or #h ,,pe f ! mean4 ,a *oice ( #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 z a m9imum insures a degree ( plus deviation v r>ely f\nd ev5 9 metropolitan cities & _! suburbs1 z is cle> f ! reports ( m5tal surveys conduct$ dur+ ! pres5t c5tury4 ,! *oice ( #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b71 in/ead ( #agi or #aha or "s o!r am\nt ( ,,iq 9 ! extreme upp] range1 is obvi\sly arbitr>y & is adopt$ m]ely = ! purpose ( def9+ a po9t at & above :i* !re are v few *ildr5 :o score4 ,frequ5cy ( occurr5ce4 ,j h[ (t5 does a *ild te/+ above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 appe> 9 ! juv5ile population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates8 ,we _c tell exactly until we "k m ab\t ! spread ( ! di/ribution ( ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,9 t]ms ( ,,pe 7#a ,,pe #h ,,iq71 accord+ to ,t]man's orig9al f9d+s 7#bd7 we %\ld come ^u a deviate ( #aj ,,pe only once 9 m ?an a million times1 provid$ ! di/ribution ( ,,iq corresponds exactly or ev5 r closely to ,quetelet's 7#ag7 curve ( probability z respects spread2 = on ?is curve cases above or bel[ #e ,,pe approa* z]o 9 frequ5cy4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 ev5 f exi/+ data1 t ! di/ribution ( ,,iq ext5ds = at lea/ #aj ,,pe 7ev5 assum+ t wid] data w def9e #a ,,pe z #aj in/ead ( #h z f\nd by ,t]man4 ,x is probable t *ildr5 :o te/ above #ahj ,,iq are actually pres5t 9 our juv5ile population 9 great] frequ5cy ?an at ! rate ( "o 9 a million4 ,?is does n mean t intellect :5 f9ally measur$ 9 true units may n con=m 9 v>iability to ! ma!matics ( *ance2 x means only 9 t]ms ( ,,iq 79 t]ms ( ratio & n ( absolute units7 ! con=mity is probably n exact1 z respects ! law ( deviation4 ,!re may be "o1 or two1 or ?ree1 or m *ildr5 among e million born 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u pres5t conditions :o te/ at or above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,9 any case1 h[ev]1 !y are extremely r>e1 & ! /udy ( _! orig9 & developm5t is ( correspond+ly great int]e/4 ,9 ! c\rse ( discov]+ ab\t #ajjj *ildr5 te/+ at or above #adj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 9 ! /ate ( ,cali=nia1 ,t]man 7#bf7 f\nd #ae :o te/$ at or above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,*ildr5 :o te/ at & above #adj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 are z #a 9 #bej ( *ildr5 9 l>ge ,cali=nia cities & environs4 ,?us #adj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 def9es a frequ5cy ( ab\t #d 9 #ajjj ( urban juv5ile population 9 ,cali=nia4 ,ab\t #a4e p] c5t1 !re=e1 ( ^? *ildr5 :o are z #d 9 #ajjj rea* ! /atus ( :i* we are "h treat+2 i4e41 #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 #a ,nor c we take ! *ildr5 ( ,cali=nia urban di/ricts z a true sample ( ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates at l>ge1 s9ce !re is reason to believe t among urban *ildr5 !re is an uncommon proportion ( intellig5t individuals 7#h74 ,also x %\ld be conc$$ t ,cali=nia has a total population t is above ! av]age ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 g5]al z reg>ds m5tal ability 7#cg74 ,9 any case1 x may be guess$ ) "s degree ( approximation to fact h[ v few !re are among ,am]ican *ildr5 :o te/ at or above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,,*ildr5 ,,obs]v$ ,,be=e ,,! ,,era ,,( ,,b9et ,scatt]$ obs]vations ( *ildr5 e/imat$ by m or less compet5t p]sons z v unusual are to be f\nd dat+ f q e>ly ye>s4 ,9 ?is p]iod ! lit]ature ( *ild psy*ology 0 /ill 9 ! /ate ( n>rative4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! n>rations be>s ! date ( #agbf 7#a7 & conc]ns ! *ild ,he9ek54 ,*ri/ian ,he9ri* ,he9ek54 ,born ,febru>y #f1 #agba1 ! ,little ,he9ek51 ( ,lbeck1 0 ! son ( an arti/4 ,:5 ! *ild 0 #aj mon?s old1 8 eld]s fir/ notic$ t he 0 look+ ) su/a9$ att5tion at ! figures wr\ght 9 gold on a grotesque t decorat$ ! walls ( 8 room & t 7 also on a :ite /ove t /ood !re94 ,d5 #c ,dezemb] #agba bem]kte man zu]/1 dass das k9d diese ,figur5 h9 und h]1 e9e ,zeitlang ohne ,unt]lass ansah und se9e ugel*5 auf e9e d]selb5 glei*sam anklebte4 ,man sagte ihm dah] die ,nam5 dies] ,figur51 das sei e9e ,katze1 das e9 ,turm1 e9 ,s*f*51 e9 ,b]g4 ,d5 &]n ,tag1 d5 #d ,dezemb]1 fragte man es wi$]1 wo die ,katze1 d] ,b]g1 das ,s*f*5 wre und siehe da1 das ,k9d deutete mit se95 kle95 ,f+]*5 h9 und traf imm] das re*te ,bild1 das man ihm g5annt hatte4 ,no* mehr1 nun gab es si* ,mhe1 die ihm vorgesagt5 ,wrt]3 ,katze1 ,b]g1 ,turm selb/ na*zuspre*53 es sah dah] mit unv]w&t5 ,blick5 dem ,r$5d5d na* dem ,munde1 gab auf die ,bewegung d] ,lipp5 und d] ,zunge desselb5 be/ndig a*t1 lallte das ,wort na* und wi$]holte dies s (t1 bis es endli* e9e ,silbe na* d] &]n h]auspres/e4 a ,by ! "t ?is *ild 0 #ad mon?s old he _h le>n$ all ! /ories 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,at ?is age he 0 /ill n wean$ f ! brea/ ( 8 nurse1 & _h an antipa?y to o!r foods4 ,9 ord] to get him accu/om$ to o!r =ms ( food1 ! family took him to sit ) !m at meals1 b in/ead ( eat+ he did no?+ b le>n4 ,:5 he saw ! v>i\s appurt5ances he ask$ p]si/5tly h[ ! di%es 7 nam$1 :]e !y came f1 :at else c\ld be made f ! ?+s1 & did n re/ until he _h discuss$ e piece ( in=mation4 ,9 ?is mode ( life ! *ild rema9$ always happy & 9 good humor4 ,he 0 lovable4 ,only :5 at times he 0 refus$ answ]s to 8 que/ions1 because x 0 fe>$ t he might be injur$ by too _m remembrances1 ! *ild 0 sorely griev$4 ,! ext5t ( 8 le>n+ 9 ! f\r? ye> ( life 0 z foll[s3 ,es konnte g$ruckte und ges*rieb5e ,sa*5 late9is* und deuts* les54 ,s*reib5 konnte es no* ni*t1 se9e ,f+]*5 w>5 zu s*wa* dazu4 ,das ,e9male9s konnte es 9 und auss] d] ,ordnung h]sag54 ,au* num]i]51 subtrahi]51 addi]5 und multiplizi]5 v]mo*te es4 ,9 ,franzsis*5 kam es s[eit1 dass es ganze ,hi/ori5 9 dies] ,spra*e erzhl5 konnte4 ,9 ,late9 l]nte es b] #aejj gute ,spr*e aus late9is*5 ,autor54 ,plattdeuts* hatte das ,k9d von se9] ,amme1 von d] es ni*t lass5 wollte1 gel]nt4 ,9 d] ,geographie fuhr es =t1 das ,m]kwrdig/e e9es j$5 auf d] ,l&k>te /eh5$5 ,ortes zu fass54 b ,on a j\rney across ! sea to ,cop5hag51 und]tak5 = ! boy's heal?1 a /orm arose & ! pass5g]s 7 badly fright5$1 all b ! *ild1 :o said1 smil+ ,qui nescit or>e1 discate navig>e4 ,:5 subsequ5tly ! %ip came safely to an*or1 he rem>k$1 ,an*ora navis si/itur2 des]it ille suos nunquam1 qui cuncta gub]nat4 ,:5 ! boy 0 br\ght be=e ! ,dani% k+1 he said ( ! diamond ord] t ! k+ gave him to hold1 ,c'e/ l',ordre d',elephant1 g>ni de diamant4 ,& gaz+ at ! diamonds1 he add$1 ,les bij\x sont precieux1 mais la vie du ,roi e/ plus precieuse4 ,! little ,he9ek5 di$ at ! age ( #d ye>s #d mon?s1 9 accordance ) ! popul> sup]/ition t e>ly dea? awaits ! highly intellig5t *ild1 a wond] = all "t4 ,k>l ,witte4 ,! fa!r ( ,k>l ,witte 7#ce7 has furni%$ a some:at elaborate acc\nt ( 8 son's developm5t1 f :i* we le>n t ! "y ,k>l c\ld read flu5tly be=e 8 f\r? bir?day4 ,he le>n$ to write soon !reaft]4 ,at ! age ( #g ye>s #aj mon?s a public demon/ration ( 8 ability to read 0 giv51 cov]+ ,italian1 ,fr5*1 ,greek1 & ,lat94 ,he pass$ te/s ( prep>$ness to matriculate at ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipsic ,leipzig :5 he 0 #i ye>s old4 ,9 ! field ( ma!matics he pursu$ analytical geometry at #aa & calculus at #ab ye>s ( age4 ,at #ad he a*iev$ ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,philosophy1 & 0 aw>d$ ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,laws at #af4 ,at #bc he became full pr(essor ( jurisprud5ce at ! ,univ]sity ( ,breslau4 ,he 0 !n call$ to ,halle1 & cont9u$ !re = ! rema9d] ( 8 life1 tea*+ & writ+4 ,at ! age ( #hc1 /ill vigor\sly engag$ 9 m5tal tasks1 he di$1 ?us outliv+ ! melan*oly promise ( e>ly dea? :i* _h (t5 be5 prophesi$ to 8 fa!r4 ,pa/or ,witte1 :o direct$ 8 son's education1 did n claim = him extraord9>y intellig5ce4 ,any man normally well end[$ c become a great man if prop]ly educat$1 he wrote 7#ce74 ,8 special me?od ( educat+ ! boy seems to h be5 simply to af=d him companion%ip4 ,he describes ! *ild z /rong1 heal?y1 & playful1 )\t vanity or conceit4 ,f ! total record "o mu/ conclude t ,k>l ,witte's intellig5ce quoti5t 9 *ildhood 0 9 excess ( #ahj1 comp>+ 8 hi/ory ) ^? /udi$ 9 ?is monograph4 ,8 p]=mances 9 *ildhood comp>e favorably ) ^? ( ! *ildr5 we h kn[n ) ,,iq 7,s-,b7 9 ! range above #ahe4 ,otto ,phl]4 ,,9 #aiaj ,b]khan 7#b7 record$ ! p]=mance ( ,otto ,phl]1 ! e>ly read+ *ild ( ,brauns*weig1 ! son ( a ma/] but*] 7er/es und e9ziges ,k9d d] ,scla*t]mei/]s71 born ,augu/ #bj1 #ahib4 ,?is *ild le>n$ to walk & talk & 8 tee? erupt$ at ! "r "t4 ,at ! age ( #a ye> #c mon?s1 :5 8 gr&mo!r l$ him =? on %ort neighborhood walks1 %e w\ld read to him f signs on ! /reets4 ,& at ?is p]iod %e wrote = him 8 "n1 ,otto4 ,soon he c\ld recognize ! ^w ,otto1 :5 he saw x 9 ! newspap]4 ,!n ! gr&mo!r expla9$ to him ! alphabet1 & read him s+le words4 ,:5 ,otto 0 tak5 to ,dr4 ,b]khan1 he 0 #a ye> #i mon?s old1 & he c\ld read incid5tal matt]1 su* z ,april #bg1 writt5 9 ,lat9 across ! cal5d> 9 ,dr4 ,b]khan's (fice4 ,otto ,phl]1 geborn d5 #bj ,augu/ #ahib zu ,brauns*weig1 er/es und e9ziges ,k9d des ,s*la*t]mei/]s1 bekam zu re*t] zeit ,zhne und l]nte zu re*t] ,zeit lauf5 und spre*54 ,als er #e_/d ,jahre alt w>1 fhrte ihn die ,grossmutt] vor die ,tr und 9 die n*/5 ,/rass5 und nannte ihm dabei die ,nam51 wel*e auf d5 ,haus- und ,/rass5s*ild]n /&51 au* hatt5 ihm ,angehrig5 mehrfa* se95 ,vornam5 ,otto aufges*rieb54 ,als das ,k9d nun e9e ,zeitung 9 die ,hnde bekam1 zeigte es d5 mehrfa* 9 d]selb5 g$ruckt5 ,nam5 ,otto4 ,von da ab erklrte ihm die ,grossmutt] die ,bu*/ab5 und las ihm e9zelne ,worte vor2 dabei ergab si*1 dass das ,k9d e9 ungeheures ,g$*tnis fr ,bu*/ab51 ,worte1 und ,zahl5 hatte4 ,als mir d] kle9e ,otto zugefhrt wurde1 w> er wie i* vorh9 anfhrte #a #c_/d ,jahre alt4 ,er tat sehr v]traut1 klett]te s(ort mehrfa* auf me9e ,kniee1 zeigte si* b]haupt sehr bewegli* und unruhig4 ,als er e95 neb5 dem ,s*reibtis* hng5d5 ,w&kal5d] erblickte1 las er unaufge=d]t laut die auf demselb5 late9is* gross g$ruckte ,anzeige3 ,april #bg ,april zwei sieb54 4 4 4 ,im ,oktob]1 #ahid1 /ellte i* d5 jung5 ,otto im ,alt] von #b ,jahr5 und #b ,monat5 dem rztli*5 ,l&esv]e9 vor4 ,als d]selbe na* ,be5digung me9es b] ihn gehalt55 ,vortrags 9 d5 ,sitzungssaal gefhrt wurde1 zog e9] d] rzte d5 ,brn]s*5 ,m$iz9al-,kal5d] h]vor mit d] ,auf=d]ung1 die late9is*e ,aufs*rift zu les54 ,er las fliess5d3 ,re--i*s ,m$iz9al-,kal5d]4 ,begrndet von ,dr ,pa--ul ,brnr4 ,e9s a*t neun vi]4 c ,:5 ,otto 0 #d ye>s old1 ,/umpf report$ conc]n+ him 9 ! ,vossi*e ,zeitung1 ( ,janu>y #aj1 #ahig1 describ+ him z n /rongly yet n poorly develop$1 physically4 ,! back ( ! skull 0 said to be conspicu\s2 ! face1 delicate2 & ! eyes1 wise & alive1 tak+ on a rem>kably conc5trat$ expression 9 ?9k+4 ,! g5]al impression 0 t made by a m]ry1 unspoil$ y\ng/]1 see+ ! _w4 ,8 great passion 0 /ill = read+1 & ! mo/ important ?+s 9 ! _w to him 7 hi/ory1 biography1 & geography4 ,er i/ krp]li* ni*t />k1 ab] au* ni*t s*le*t entwickelt4 ,auf d5 er/5 ,blick fllt d] lange ,s*del und d] />ke ,h9t]kopf auf4 ,9 dem zi]li*5 ,gesi*t fesseln kluge1 lebhafte ,aug51 die beim ,na*s9n5 e95 m]kwrdig ern/5 konz5tri]t5 ,ausdruck annehm54 4 4 4 ,im ganz5 ma*t er ke9eswegs d5 ,e9druck e9es ungesund51 abgemattet51 sond]n e9es no* ganz fris* und lu/ig 9 die ,welt s*au5d5 ,jung54 4 4 4 ,se9e grs/e ,leid5s*aft i/ no* imm] das ,les51 und das ,wi*tig/e 9 d] ,welt s9d ihm hi/oris*e1 biographis*e und geographis*e ,dat54 ,er k5nt die ,geburts- und ,todesjahre viel] deuts*] ,kais]1 au* viel] ,feldh]r51 ,di*t]1 ,philosoph51 zumei/ sog> au* ,geburt/ag und ,geburtsort2 f]n] die ,haupt/dte d] mei/5 ,/aat51 die ,flsse1 an d55 sie lieg5 u4 d]gl4 ,er weiss ,bes*eid vom ,anfang und ,ende des dreissigjhrig5 und des sieb5jhrig5 ,krieges1 von d5 ,haupts*la*t5 dies] und &]] ,kriege4 ,das alles hat er si* na* ,aussage d] ,mutt] ohne fremdes ,zutun dur* das emsige ,/udium e9es patriotis*5 ,kal5d]s und hnli*] im ,hause vorf9dli*] ,lit]atur1 au* dur* ,entziff]ung von ,d5kmals9s*rift5 9 d5 ,/dt5 7w(r er besond]e ,leid5s*aft hat7 angeeignet4 ,als ihm auf zwei v]s*i$55 ,bltt]n na*e9&] #b zwlf/ellige ,zahl5 gezeigt wurd51 die si* nur dur* e9e d] mittl]5 ,ziff]n unt]s*i$51 las er sie soglei* als ,milli>d5 und konnte dann1 ohne die ,bltt] wi$] anzuseh51 mit ,si*]heit angeb51 wor9 d] ,unt]s*i$ lag4 d ,/umpf fur!r said3 4 4 4 ,dr4 ,placzek u4a4 die d5 ,knab5 frh] beoba*tet51 d5 be/immt5 ,e9druck gewann5 e9es besond]s geweckt51 ras* und s*>f d5k5d5 und zuglei* e9es gut>tig51 dur*aus lieb5swrdig5 ,k9des4 ,an d5 ,elt]n und zumal an d] ,mutt] hngt er mit d] grs/5 ,zrtli*keit4 e ,:5 ,b]khan saw ,phl] 9 ,july1 #aijg1 ! boy 0 an ,ob]sekundan] 9 a gymnasium f4 ,9 ,april1 #aiji1 ag$ #af ye>s #h mon?s1 he appe>$ z an intellig5t1 wond]fully ret5tive1 cultur$ "y man1 :o ori5t$ himself easily & :o1 al?\gh favor$ ov] & above 8 contempor>ies1 _h kept a mode/ & lovable nature4 ,jetzt1 fa/ #ag ,jahre alt1 i/ er e9 intellig5t]1 mit e9em bewund]ungsw]t5 ,g$*tnis ausge/attet]1 k5ntnisrei*]1 si* auffall5d lei*t ori5ti]5d] jung] ,mann1 d]1 obglei* 9 se9] ,weise vor d] ,mitwelt bevorzugt1 si* e9 bes*eid5es1 lieb5swrdiges ,wes5 bewahrt hat4 g ,phl]'s plan1 :5 se5 on ?is f9al occasion1 ,april1 #aiji1 0 to g at ,ea/]1 #aiaj1 to ! univ]sity1 to become a /ud5t ( ,g]man hi/ory4 ,o!r cases4 ,g5]al discussions ( m5tal gifts 9 *ildr5 :i* be> int]e/+ly ^u ! subject "h "u discussion b fail to pres5t any specific in/ances ( individuals :o exemplify extreme /atus1 are ^? by ,dolbe> 7#g7 & by ,h>tlaub 7#ab71 & ! lectures giv5 9 #aicj be=e ! ,hung>ian ,society = ,*ild ,rese>* & ,practical ,psy*ology 7#ca74 ,among ! cases cit$ by ,waddle 7#cc7 !re are none t belong to our /udy4 ,9 ! rese>* ( ,cox 7#f71 ! foll[+ em95t p]sons 7 rat$ z hav+ be5 9 *ildhood at or above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b73 ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 ,johann ,wolfgang ,goe!1 ,gottfri$ ,wilhelm ,leibniz1 ,blaise ,pascal1 ,?omas ,bab+ton ,macauly1 & ,hugo de ,groot 7,grotius74 ,we w\ld1 h[ev]1 v5ture to guess1 f :at we h obs]v$ ov] a long p]iod ( ! "w ( p]sons :o 9 *ildhood te/$ f #ace to #bjj ,,iq 7,s-,b71 t a l>ge numb] ( ! p]sons includ$ 9 ,cox's /udy w\ld h te/$ 9 *ildhood at or above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b72 & t ! reasons :y !y fail$ ( su* rat+ z /udi$ by ,cox 7 two3 7#a7 ! data ( *ildhood requisite = ! valid rat+ 7 lack+2 7#b7 ! rat]s 7 n suffici5tly famili> ) :at is requir$ 9 t]ms ( ,,iq to make possible ! evaluation ( ^? /udies1 because only a few *ildr5 te/+ s high c\ld h be5 se5 by any rat]1 & no?+ 0 z yet kn[n ( ! p]=mance ( te/$ *ildr5 at any /age ( maturity4 ,_m ( ! p]sons /udi$ by ! me?ods ( ,cox 7 rat$ at #adj1 #aej1 #aee ,,iq 7,s-,b71 ^: p]=mances 9 e>ly maturity 7 f> 9 excess ( :at c be expect$ ( p]sons :o repres5t no?+ bett] ?an :at ! upp] qu>t] ( ,am]ican college /ud5ts c d 7#f74 ,x is only :5 *ildr5 te/ at lea/ z high z #agj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 t !y r5d] p]=mance 9 e>ly maturity t sugge/s any?+ l ! a*ievem5ts ( ! p]sons /udi$ by ,cox4 ,,*ildr5 ,,:o ,,te/ ,,above #ahj ,,iq ,,by ,,b9et-,,simon ,,te/s ,aft] ! publication ( ! ,b9et-,simon te/s 7#c71 a few cases ( *ildr5 te/+ v high by means ( !m 7 report$ 9 ! lit]ature :i* result$ f ! te/s be=e !y 7 revis$ by ,t]man 7#bd74 ,at t "t1 :i* 0 previ\s to ! appe>ance ( ! ,/an=d-,b9et te/s1 ! ,,iq 0 n us$ 9 express+ m5tal /atus1 b we are able to calculate :at ?is 0 f ! data ( ,m5tal ,age4 ,^! e>ly cases1 def9itely measur$1 are z foll[s3 ,bu%'s daught]1 ,b4 ,9 #aiad ,bu% 7#e7 report$ ^u ! m5tal exam9ation ( 8 daught]1 ,b1 :o at ! age ( #c ye>s #f mon?s te/$ at #f ye>s by ! ,b9et te/s ( #aiaa4 ,h] ,,iq w\ld ?us be prov$ at ab\t #ahe1 calculat$ f h] fa!r's detail$ record ( responses4 ,?is report 0 r5d]$ prim>ily to %[ t ! ,b9et te/s 7 too easy1 z no *ild c\ld possibly be really s advanc$ m5tally z 0 ,b4 ,b's /ate is 9 no wise extra-normal1 or beyond :at x %\ld be4 ,%e repres5ts ! norm4 ,additional data conc]n+ ,b are t %e is ( a happy disposition 4 4 4 /rong & well ( body1 & t h] p>5ts are bo? tea*]s4 ,?is record cle>ly reveals a *ild ( surpass+ intellig5ce1 contr>y to ! fa!r's belief t %e repres5ts ! norm4 ,elizabe?1 record$ by ,lang5beck4 ,9 #aiae ,lang5beck 7#ae7 contribut$ obs]vations ( a #e-ye>-old girl1 ,elizabe?1 :o te/$ at a m5tal level ( ab\t #aa ye>s by ! ,b9et-,simon te/s ( #aiaa1 adm9i/]$ 9 ! ,psy*ological ,laboratory at ,john ,hopk9s ,univ]sity4 ,?is w\ld yield an ,,iq ( ab\t #bbj 7assum+ ! te/s ( #aiaa to be approximately comp>able ) ,/an=d-,b9et 9 p[] to di/ribute intellect74 ,elizabe? is describ$ z an only *ild4 ,at #af mon?s %e _h a speak+ vocabul>y ( #bbi words1 "s ,engli% & "s ,g]man1 z %e _h a ,g]man nurse4 ,at #e ye>s ( age %e _h a speak+ vocabul>y ( #fhcg words1 :i* are inscrib$ 9 ! record4 ,! obs]v] writes ( h] z foll[s3 ,h] quickness ( ?\ght & read9ess ) an in/ant & conv9c+ answ] 7 typifi$ "o du/y1 blu/]+ day :5 we 7 out walk+4 ,a cl\d ( du/ envelop$ u1 to h] great indignation1 & be+ a v vehem5t "* %e exclaim$1 ,i %\ld l to kill ! du/6 ,9 answ] to my repro(1 ,d n be s fooli%4 ,h[ c anyone kill ! du/8 %e repli$1 ,v easily--p\r a little wat] on x4 ,?is 0 at ! age ( #d ye>s4 4 4 4 ,%e is highly imag9ative1 & lives l>gely 9 a dream _w ( h] own creation4 ,h] games are ne>ly all pret5se t %e is someone else1 & t %e is surr\nd$ by companions1 sometimes purely fictiti\s1 ?\gh (t5 *>act]s out ( books t h be5 read to h]4 4 4 4 ,:5 be+ read to1 %e asks ! mean+ ( e unfamili> ^w1 & r>ely =gets x1 us+ x !reaft] 9 its prop] place4 4 4 4 ,_m ( h] =ebe>s h be5 di/+ui%$ m5 & wom51 & on bo? sides h] family h be5 p ( m ?an av]age capacity & cultivation4 4 4 4 ,f an e>ly age %e has %[n unusual muscul> cord9ation1 us+ h] f+]s da9tily & ) precision4 ,f h] eigh? mon? %e us$ a pap] & p5cil1 draw+ recognizable figures4 ,at #d ye>s %e c\ld illu/rate a little /ory compos$ by h]self4 4 4 4 ,! s\rce ( mu* ( h] k is a my/]y to h] p>5ts1 & c only be expla9$ by h] ke5 obs]vation & ret5tive memory1 z well z by a p[] ( compreh5sion mu* beyond h] ye>s4 ,h[ev] absorb$ %e may appe> to be 9 h] play1 talk+ vigor\sly to h]self & to imag9>y companions all ! "t1 %e nev]!less he>s ev]y?+ t is said 9 h] pres5ce1 ?\gh mon?s w (t5 pass be=e %e alludes to x4 4 4 4 ,%e taught h]self h] lett]s f /reet signs & books1 & c\ld pr9t !m all be=e %e 0 ?ree1 & dur+ ! next few mon?s w\ld write lett]s ( sev]al pages1 ( h] own composition1 hav+ ! words1 ( c\rse1 spell$ = h]4 4 4 4 ,%e has an accurate e> & c\ld s+ a tune correctly be=e h] second bir?day1 & dances 9 excell5t "t4 4 4 4 ,e new ?\ght or impression is at once associat$ ) "s previ\s idea4 ,h5ce1 d\btless1 h] m>vel\s memory4 ,= example1 9 a c\ntry walk %e notic$ a typical ,virg9ia snake f5ce1 hav+ nev] se5 "o be=e4 ,aft] a s+le mom5t's hesitation %e said1 ,y see t ,m or ,w f5ce8 4 4 4 ,at ! age ( five ye>s %e _h co9$ tw5ty-?ree words-- e4g41 lat51 to make late2 neat51 to make neat2 plak1 to pret5d2 up-j>1 pit*]4 ,rusk's case1 f ,scotl&4 ,9 #aiag ,rusk 7#ai7 publi%$ an acc\nt ( a ,scotti% boy ^: ,,iq1 calculat$ f ,rusk's detail$ record1 0 #aff on fir/ te/ & ab\t #bjj on second te/ giv5 two & a half ye>s lat]1 ! ,b9et-,simon te/s ( #aiaa be+ us$4 ,?is *ild 0 ! son ( a wid[ 9 ,dundee1 :o liv$ & support$ h] two sons by lett+ rooms to lodg]s4 ,! "y bro!r ( ?is boy 0 n judg$ to be rem>kably intellig5t1 b no te/ 0 giv5 to sub/antiate ?is impression4 ,details ( family hi/ory are n record$4 ,! boy 0 br\ght to att5tion at ! age ( #e ye>s by 8 tea*]s1 :o not$ p>ticul>ly 8 aptitude = ma!matics4 ,! "m 0 unaw>e ( h] son's extraord9>y intellig5ce1 b %e _h notic$ t he sp5t a consid]able am\nt ( "t on ! floor1 c\nt+4 ,he w\ld c\nt su* objects z cig>ette c\pons begg$ f lodg]s4 ,also ! "m obs]v$ t he _h le>n$ be=e go+ to s*ool1 or be+ taught to read1 to recognize c]ta9 words4 ,,*ildr5 ,,:o ,,te/ ,,above #ahj ,,iq ,,by ,,/an=d-,,b9et ,,te/s ,beatrice4 ,t]man & ,f5ton 7#be7 fir/ describ$ ,beatrice 9 #aiba "u h] own "n4 ,9 #aicj ,t]man 7#bg7 aga9 describ$ ?is *ild1 "u ! "n ( ,beatrice 7evid5tly be+ !n conv9c$ t pseudonyms are to be pref]r$ 9 designat+ *ildr5 /udi$71 add+ data ab\t developm5t4 ,! *ild's f\r gr&p>5ts 7 respectively ( ,sw$i%1 ,g]man-,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,scotti% desc5t4 ,! "m is a woman ( m ?an av]age intellig5ce1 & ( consid]able musical ability4 ,! fa!r's l9e ( ance/ry includes sev]al notables1 among !m a ,"l ,mayor ( ,london4 ,! fa!r is a physician1 & ! au?or ( ! ,=d ,/it*1 favorably m5tion$ 9 /&>d texts on surg]y4 ,betty ,beatrice has no si/]s or bro!rs4 ,beatrice 0 born 9 ,san ,francisco1 ,janu>y #ba1 #aiab1 & 0 fir/ te/$ six weeks be=e h] eigh? bir?day1 by ,/an=d-,b9et1 yield+ !n a m5tal age ( #ad ye>s #aj mon?s & an ,,iq ( #ahh4 ,h] speak+ vocabul>y 0 at t "t #ac1jjj words4 ,a v>iety ( m5tal te/s gave ne>ly ! same composite result z t a*iev$ by ,/an=d-,b9et4 ,at ! "t ( te/+1 ! *ild _h nev] att5d$ s*ool b _h be5 giv5 a little private in/ruction at home4 ,h] scores on /&>d te/s ( s*ola/ic k rang$1 nev]!less1 f fif?-grade norms 79 ! f\r fundam5tal processes 9 ari?metic7 to second ye> ( college 79 te/s ( poetic appreciation74 ,h] m$ian score 9 eight s*ola/ic te/s 0 ab\t eigh? grade 7:]e ! m$ian bir?day age ( pupils is ab\t #ad ye>s1 & :]e pupils h be5 9 s*ool on an av]age ( eight ye>s74 ,rat+s = traits ( "* & = physique gave ?is *ild a score mu* above av]age 9 bo? respects4 ,%e weigh$ #aa p\nds & #ae ounces at bir?1 & at ! age ( #h ye>s #b mon?s correspond$ to ! /&>d = #i ye>s #f mon?s 9 weight & = #aj ye>s #f mon?s 9 /ature4 ,h] h& grip at ?is "t 0 equal to t ( ! av]age #aj-ye>-old4 ,%e began to walk at #g mon?s ( age1 :i* is ! e>lie/ age ( walk+ record$ = any ( ! *ildr5 s f> /udi$1 includ+ ^? :o are ! special subjects ( ?is monograph4 ,at #ai mon?s %e talk$ cle>ly & knew ! alphabet2 & at ! age ( #d ye>s #f mon?s %e 0 discov]$ read+ ,heidi1 a book ( ab\t f\r?-grade degree ( difficulty4 ,h] p>5ts did n "k t %e c\ld read1 & !y h no idea :5 or h[ %e le>n$4 ,by h] eigh? bir?day ,beatrice _h read approximately sev5 hundr$ books1 _m ( !m twice4 ,at t age x 0 "o ( h] favorite pa/imes to write /ories or poems & to illu/rate !m ) orig9al draw+s4 ,h] heal? 0 said by h] p>5ts to be excell5t4 ,! measurem5ts giv5 %[ h] to be l>ge & /rong = h] age4 ,beatrice 0 n ent]$ at s*ool until %e 0 #aa ye>s old1 b /udi$ at home "u h] "m's guidance4 ,!re 0 little =mal in/ruction--z a rule !re 0 ari?metic1 f t5 to tw5ty m9utes daily4 ,at #aa ye>s ( age ,beatrice ent]$ ! n9? grade ( a private s*ool = girls1 :i* %e att5d$ = two ye>s4 ,%e ent]$ ! univ]sity :5 %e 0 #ad ye>s #h mon?s old1 & graduat$ at #ag4 ,9 college ,beatrice e>n$ ,a & ,b grades 9 ,engli% & languages & ,c's 9 sci5ce4 ,%e fell b>ely %ort ( ,phi ,beta ,kappa ,election4 ,?r\gh\t h] life %e has _h few playmates & few intimate fri5ds4 ,h] desire is = a lit]>y c>e]4 ,root's case1 ,,viii ,a4 ,9 #aiba ,root 7#ah7 describ$ a boy :o at ! age ( #h ye>s #j mon?s scor$ at a ,m5tal ,age ( #af ye>s #j mon?s1 ) an ,,iq 7,s-,b7 ( #bjj4 ,o!r te/s agre$ 9 plac+ ?is boy ne> an av]age adult level 9 processes ( ?\ght4 ,! /ature ( ! *ild at ?is "t 0 #d feet1 & ! weight #ei p\nds4 ,! ance/ry 9 ! case is pr$om9antly ,engli%4 ,fa!r & "m bo? graduat$ f high s*ool4 ,! fa!r 0 a railroad eng9e]4 ,two mat]nal aunts held prom95t places 9 ! public s*ools4 ,! family _h all com=ts b few luxuries4 ,! aunt :o has guid$ ! boy's education seems a r>e comb9ation2 h] educational ideas are a happy union ( radical1 common s5se1 & practical factors4 ,n]v\s temp]am5t is judg$ by ,root to be *>act]i/ic ( ! family on ! "m's side4 ,?is boy 0 an only *ild4 ,8 "m /at$ t he _h nev] be5 ill1 b x is to be consid]$ t %e 0 a ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/4 ,he 0 educat$ at home until he 0 #g ye>s #f mon?s old1 le>n+ read+ & ari?metical processes ?r\gh multiplication4 ,he _h read ! ,"y ,folks' ,cyclopa$ia ( ,common ,?+s ov] & ov]4 ,8 *ief int]e/s 7 at ?is "t games & read+ &1 to a less] degree1 animals & fl[]s4 ,! foll[+ is a lett] f 8 aunt1 describ+ 8 home education3 ,at ! age ( ?ree he le>n$ 8 lett]s untaught by anyone app>5tly1 & 0 spell+ words4 ,x 0 felt t ?is w\ld int]f]e ) 8 le>n+ to read lat] on1 s he 0 taught to read by ! phonic me?od4 ,?is 0 done ) no m "t & p]sonal att5tion ?an any fir/-grade tea*]1 ) ord9>y numb]s ( pupils1 c\ld give to ea* "o1 provid$ %e 7 g5]\sly suppli$ ) diff]5t books1 & n limit$ to "o or two sets--/ate s]ies or o!rwise4 ,a few mon?s aft] 8 f\r? bir?day he 0 read+ ) indep5d5ce & an almo/ p]fect p[] to recognize new words4 ,8 only notic$ failures 7 su* =eign words z ,*evrolet se5 on billbo>ds1 & unusual words l aisle1 us$ )\t context1 :i* he pron\nc$ alicie4 ,8 ease 9 read+ 01 ( c\rse1 made possible1 or at lea/ greatly facilitat$1 by ! fact t an ef=t _h always be5 made to use an ext5d$ vocabul>y 9 talk+ to him4 ,ev5 at two1 he w\ld surprise acqua9tances & /rang]s ) expressions :i* meant no great] ef=t to him ?an a *ild's baby-talk2 su* z1 ,oh1 ! spid] has atta*$ 8 web to ! bo>d4 ,?is ability to read op5$ a new _w1 = he read c>-signs1 billbo>ds1 newspap]s1 magaz9es1 & books4 ,8 books & magaz9es 7 c>efully select$4 ,8 access to newspap]s1 especially ! funny %eets1 _h ! mo/ que/ionable results4 ,b ,! ,*ild's ,g>d5 ( ,v]ses & o!rs prov$ a v]itable dream _w--z real z ! ev]yday "o4 ,he once ask$ 8 "m1 ,does ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son "k :5 ,i'm naughty8 ,at ano!r "t he wrote a lett] to "s ( ! *>act]s 9 ano!r book4 ,at ! age ( six he read ,swiss ,family ,rob9son & ,*ampl9's ,cyclop$ia ( ,common ,?+s--! two books :i* h be5 & /ill are 8 favorites4 ,o!r books :i* he read be=e ent]+ s*ool at sev5 ye>s 73 ,ov]all ,boys1 ,br[nie ,book1 ,kipl+'s ,j-,s ,/ories 7read ov] & ov] = two or ?ree ye>s71 ,swift's ,gulliv]'s ,travels1 ,k+sley's ,h]oes1 ,aesop's ,fables1 ,tol/oy's ,/ories = ,*ildr51 ,grimm's ,fairy ,tales1 ,arabian ,nights1 ,b>rie's ,pet] ,pan & ,pet] & ,w5dy4 ,he ent]$ s*ool at sev5 & a half ye>s & 0 put 9 ! ,b#a 7beg9n]'s7 class4 ,9 ! two days he 0 kept !re1 he develop$ a di/9ct av]sion to s*ool s9ce nobody discov]$ he c\ld d any?+ & ! class conf9em5t & ne$ = sitt+ /ill 7c\pl$ ) ! fact t he did n f9d ! toilet = ov] a week7 made s*ool mo/ disagreeable to him4 ,on ! ?ird day a memb] ( ! family int]v5$ & ! tea*] v reluctantly all[$ him to ent] ! second grade4 ,%e insi/$ t he c\ld n d ! "w1 z he did n "k 8 s\nds4 ,( c\rse he did "k 8 s\nds1 b p]haps he refus$ to d su* baby-"w1 al?\gh he nev] express$ 8 unwill+ness at home1 & seem$ q afraid ( displeas+ 8 tea*]4 ,9 ! second grade he 0 =c$ to sit = #bj to #be m9utes1 /udy+ a read+ book1 :i* he c\ld h read ?r\gh 9 t "t4 ,at home he 0 told to take "s "w to s*ool1 b ! tea*] refus$ to let him read 9 s*ool1 ev5 ! ,cyclop$ia ( ,common ,?+s4 ,at ! end ( a week & a half he 0 9 absolute rebellion & 0 tak5 out ( s*ool4 ,! family !n took ?is *ild to a tea*] ( f\r? grade1 :o 0 p]sonally acqua9t$ ) him1 & ask$ h] to exam9e him = prop] placem5t4 ,?is result$ 9 a m appropriate adju/m5t4 ,by ,febru>y ( 8 fir/ ye> 9 s*ool he _h rea*$ ,grade #e;,a 9 s*ool placem5t1 & _h _h ?irte5 diff]5t tea*]s1 includ+ ^? = special subjects su* z music1 nature /udy1 & ! l4 ,8 initial av]sion to s*ool less5$1 b he f\nd no positive joy 9 att5d+4 ,root describes ! temp]am5t ( ! boy z some:at irascible4 ,?is case illu/rates 9 extreme degree ! maladju/m5t to s*ool :i* is *>act]i/ic ( *ildr5 te/+ above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,tw9s ,a & ,b4 ,9 #aibb ,gesell 7#aj7 report$ ! case ( tw9 girls1 bo? ( ,,iq #ahc 7,s-,b74 ,gesell 0 int]e/$ b incid5tally 9 ! ,,iq rat+s ( ^! girls1 8 ma9 int]e/ c5t]+ 9 ! condition ( tw9n+4 ,measurem5ts 7 tak5 ) a view to comp>+ tw9s1 & !re=e _m details t w\ld be ( int]e/ = our pres5t purpose--= in/ance1 ^? ( family hi/ory--are omitt$ f ! report4 ,a & ,b 7 born by ,caes>ean section1 some:at prematurely1 weigh+ #d4c p\nds & #e4c p\nds1 respectively4 ,not)/&+ _! premature bir?1 9 six mon?s ,a 0 able to rise spontane\sly to a sitt+ po/ure 9 h] "m's lap1 & v soon !reaft] ,b did likewise4 ,at #aa mon?s bo? _h begun to walk1 & to talk 9 s5t5ces4 ,at ! age ( #c ye>s !y began ! /udy ( ,fr5*1 & 9 less ?an a ye> f t "t !y 7 read+ elem5t>y ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,esp]anto4 ,at ! age ( #d !y c\ld di/+ui% p>ts ( spee*4 ,!y ent]$ ! ?ird grade 9 s*ool at ! age ( #f ye>s1 & at ! "t ( report !y _h a*iev$ ! sev5? grade & 7 engag$ 9 junior high s*ool "w at ! age ( #i ye>s4 ,!y are n prigs3 !y are attractive1 animat$1 sociable *ildr51 ) a bubbl+ s5se ( humor4 ,!y are popul> ) _! playmates4 ,!y c take *>ge ( a gymnasium class 9 :i* mo/ ( ! memb]s are two to f\r ye>s _! s5iors1 & pres]ve excell5t att5tion & discipl9e4 ,!y speak mature b n p$antic ,engli%1 & !y speak ,fr5* ) ! flu5cy ( a native4 ,!y h read ! ,book ( ,k 9 its entirety 9 ,fr5*2 & a ye> ago emb>k$ on ,russian4 ,!y play duets on ! piano1 b n ) r>e di/9ction4 ,!y swim2 !y ride horseback2 !y write j+les2 & !y read by ! h\r4 ,_! s*ool "w does n tax !m2 !y d n worry ab\t x2 & !y are f> f fa/idi\s 9 reg>d to ! =m ( _! writt5 "w4 ,a complete family *>t ( ! tw9 si/]s1 ,a & ,b1 w\ld %[ evid5ce ( sup]ior end[m5t 9 ! imm$iate ance/ry on bo? ! mat]nal sides4 ,sci5tific & l+ui/ic ability ( high ord] & physical en]gy are "s ( ! traits :i* are f\nd 9 ! two imm$iate g5]ations4 ,! trait ( tw9n+ likewise has a h]$it>y basis 9 ?is in/ance1 = ! "m also bore two boys1 tw9s :o di$ 9 infancy4 ,measurem5ts ( physique %[ ,a & ,b to be slightly small] ?an *ildr5 ( _! age 9 good private s*ools1 b v well n\ri%$4 ,! *ildr5 h no liv+ bro!rs or si/]s4 ,elizabe?1 report$ by ,hirt4 ,elizabe? 0 report$ f ! public s*ools ( ,erie1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 #aibb1 by ,hirt 7#ac74 ,%e 0 born ,janu>y #af1 #aiad1 & 0 te/$ ,june #ad1 #aiba1 ag$ #g ye>s #e mon?s4 ,h] ,m5tal ,age 0 f\nd to be #ad ye>s1 #j mon?s1 yield+ an ,,iq ( #ahi 7,s-,b74 ,elizabe?'s "m 0 a memb] ( a l>ge family ( *ildr5 br\ght f ,g]many to ,am]ica by _! p>5ts4 ,! fa!r 7,elizabe?'s mat]nal gr&fa!r7 di$ soon aft] _! arrival 9 ,am]ica1 & ! "m 7,elizabe?'s mat]nal gr&mo!r7 work$ h>d to keep h] family toge!r & to give !m all an elem5t>y s*ool education4 ,elizabe?'s fa!r is ( ,p5nsylvania ,g]man desc5t4 ,he has a high s*ool education1 & att5d$ a bus9ess college4 ,8 occupation 9 #aibb 0 t ( a po/al mail cl]k4 ,?is *ild weigh$ #aj p\nds at bir?1 #bb p\nds at #f mon?s1 #bh #a_/b p\nds at #ab mon?s1 & at ! age ( #g ye>s #e mon?s %e weigh$ #fa p\nds & 0 #ea in*es tall4 ,sup]ior size 0 ?us consi/5tly ma9ta9$ f bir? to ! "t ( fir/ report1 9 #aiba4 ,two tee? erupt$ be=e %e 0 #e mon?s old4 ,%e 0 n q a ye> old :5 %e began to repeat words4 ,he fir/ s5t5ce 01 ,op5 ! door1 ,daddy1 utt]$ at ! age ( #ag mon?s4 ,! p>5ts rememb]$ ?is s5t5ce z a sudd5 transition f "o-^w communications into s5t5ce /ructure4 ,! only illness ,elizabe? _h ev] _h until %e 0 #g ye>s #d mon?s old 0 mumps1 :i* came on at t age4 ,hirt's report cont9ues z foll[s3 ,among ,elizabe?'s fir/ toys 0 a set ( cubical blocks ) lett]s & numb]s on f\r sides4 ,"o ( ! baby's favorite amusem5ts 0 to hold up a block & po9t to "o side aft] ! o!r = h] ent]ta9] to tell :at 0 on ! side ( ! block indicat$4 ,gradually ! game *ang$1 & ! baby held up ! block & po9t$ to ! picture call$ = by ! ent]ta9]4 ,at ! age ( #ae mon?s %e made no mi/akes 9 f9d+ ! animals call$ =1 & v soon aft]w>ds %e c\ld f9d ! lett]s 9 ! same way4 ,"o ( h] fir/ books 0 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,naughty ,piggies4 ,! *ild seem$ nev] to tire ( he>+ ! /ory read1 & by ! "t %e 0 two & a half ye>s old1 :5 %e sat 9 ! lap ( ! read]1 %e c\ld turn ! page at j ! "r place 9 ! /ory4 ,ab\t t "t ! two leaves 9 ! c5t] ( ! book loos5$ & dropp$ out4 ,! ,g]man gr&ma made a mi/ake 9 sew+ !m 91 putt+ ! second fir/4 ,elizabe? quickly discov]$ ! mi/ake & 0 v unhappy ab\t x4 ,%e foll[$ h] gr&mo!r ab\t1 ask+ h] to fix x4 ,! gr&mo!r c\ld n und]/& :at ! *ild meant1 & f9ally appeal$ to ! *ild's "m1 :o discov]$ :at 0 wrong4 ,elizabe? 0 n yet ?ree ye>s old1 & !y c\ld n believe t ! *ild detect$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two pages ( ! book4 ,b aft] ! gr&mo!r ripp$ out ! /it*es & replac$ ! leaves 9 _! prop] sequ5ce1 ! little girl %[$ unmi/akable satisfaction & cont5t4 ,at ?ree & a half ye>s ( age1 ,elizabe? 0 spell+ ev]y?+ %e saw pr9t$ & ask+ :at ! lett]s spell$1 & %e c\ld recognize _m words4 ,at f\r ye>s1 %e read ! adv]tisem5ts 9 ! /reetc>s1 z well z ev]y?+ 9 all ! books %e possess$4 ,dur+ all ?is "t !re 0 no attempt on ! "p ( ! p>5ts to make _! daught] precoci\s4 ,!y 7 pleas$ ) h] read9ess to le>n1 b !y did n look ^u h] z an unusual *ild4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aibj1 ,elizabe? 0 enroll$ 9 ! fir/ grade1 9 ! public s*ools ( ,erie1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,%e 0 !n #f ye>s1 #h mon?s old4 ,on h] second day 9 s*ool h] tea*] discov]$ t %\ld c\ld read any?+ t 0 plac$ be=e h]4 ,! pr9cipal put h] 9 ! second grade until %e _h "t to inve/igate h] case4 ,%e sp5t =ty-two days 9 ! second grade1 dur+ :i* "t ! pr9cipal obs]v$ h] closely1 & decid$ to place h] 9 ! f\r? grade4 ,elizabe? _h no tr\ble 9 complet+ t grade 9 ! rema9d] ( ! s*ool ye>1 ! pr9cipal giv+ h] "s special help 9 spell+ & ari?metic4 4 4 4 ,elizabe? is n a skillful writ]1 z f> z p5man%ip goes1 b %e seldom makes a mi/ake 9 ei!r spell+ or punctuation1 & ! cont5t ( h] lett]s & compositions is sup]ior1 ev5 = ! advanc$ grade 9 :i* %e is n[ work+4 4 4 4 ,intellectually speak+1 ?is *ild takes ev]y?+ to :i* %e is expos$1 & %e is n satisfi$ unless %e und]/&s ! subject fully4 ,unfamili> words or t]ms br+ f h] ! "q1 ,j :at does t mean8 ,%e has a *e]y disposition1 & laughs (t5 & he>tily4 ,%e is cont5t$ 9 any environm5t1 because h] imag9ation makes x z %e wi%es x4 4 4 4 ,:5 %e is read+ or /udy+1 %e becomes s engross$ t x is h>d to attract h] att5tion to any?+ outside h] book4 4 4 4 ,%e is sl[ 9 h] writt5 "w1 & %e is sl[ & r awkw>d 9 "s ( h] motor cord9ations4 ,aft] less ?an a mon? 9 ! fif? grade1 9 ,septemb]1 #aiba 7age #g ye>s #h mon?s71 ,elizabe? 0 promot$ to ! six? grade1 :]e %e is do+ sup]ior "w4 ,9 ! exam9ations at ! end ( ! la/ seme/] %e rank$ ab\t ! middle ( ! class1 due to ! fact t %e is /ill sl[ 9 h] writt5 "w4 ,b 9 compreh5sion %e easily leads ! class4 ,?us f> no?+ has be5 done = ?is exceptional *ild except to move h] along f grade to grade five times z rapidly z ! av]age *ild c g4 ,:5 we see h] at times v evid5tly bor$ :ile a tea*] is try+ to make a subject cle> to pupils ( av]age ability1 we wond] :at w\ld h happ5$ if ,elizabe? 7 n[ 9 ! second or ?ird grade :]e mo/ eight-ye>-old *ildr5 are f\nd4 ,9 #aibe ,hirt aga9 report$ ^u ! *ild1 ,elizabe?1 z foll[s3 ,by ,febru>y1 #aibc1 %e _h complet$ ! "w ( ! six elem5t>y grades1 & %e 0 promot$ to ! junior high s*ool4 ,n[1 at ! end ( h] fif? ye> 9 s*ool1 %e is ready = ! second seme/]'s "w 9 ! n9? grade4 4 4 4 ,aft] h] promotion to ! junior high s*ool1 "s ( h] tea*]s compla9$ t %e 0 lazy2 o!rs said t %e 0 v inatt5tive2 & all decl>$ t %e 0 v silly4 ,! s*ool psy*ologi/ _h a conf]5ce ) ^! tea*]s1 & x 0 decid$ t ,elizabe? %\ld be giv5 a heavi] s*$ule1 & ,lat9 0 add$ to h] program4 ,%e has be5 en?usia/ic ov] ?is subject f ! v fir/4 4 4 4 ,dur+ ! pa/ ye> !re has be5 a /eady improvem5t 9 ,elizabe?'s attitude t[>d h] s*ool "w z well z 9 h] behavior 9 g5]al4 ,?\gh "s ( h] tea*]s /ill consid] h] silly1 !y all recognize h] unusual m5tal ability4 ,:ile !y give h] ,b & ,c grades 9 mo/ ( h] subjects1 !y realize t %e c\ld easily d ,a "w 9 e subject if %e c>$ to4 ,!y say t %e wa/es mu* "t1 ?\gh h] m9d seems always to be busy4 ,h] "m says t :5 %e is at home %e writes1 & writes1 & writes1 cov]+ reams ( pap]4 ,elizabe? has told h] "m t %e is writ+ a book & a play4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aibe1 :5 a fri5d ask$ ,elizabe? :]e %e 0 go+ to sp5d h] summ] vacation1 ! *ild repli$1 ,:y1 ,i expect to take a trip ar\nd ! _w4 ,!n see+ ! surprise 9 h] fri5d's face1 %e expla9$1 ,( c\rse1 x is n probable t ,i %all g f> f our por* sw+1 b ,i f9d ! sw+ a v satisfactory conveyance2 x is p]fectly safe1 & x always takes me exactly :]e ,i want to g4 ,:5 ,elizabe? ent]$ ! t5? grade1 9 s5ior high s*ool1 9 #aibf1 %e 0 #ab ye>s #h mon?s old4 ,h] social behavior 0 at ab\t ! level = ?is age1 & h] tea*]s 7 coldly critical1 unable or unwill+ to reconcile h] conduct ) h] physical size & intellectual maturity4 ,%e made v few fri5ds4 ,%e 0 graduat$ f high s*ool 9 ,june1 #aibi1 ) ! reputation ( be+ lazy4 ,%e excell$ 9 ! languages1 b h] "w 9 o!r subjects 0 m$iocre4 ,aft] %e 0 graduat$ f high s*ool1 funds 7 n available = ,elizabe? to att5d college away f home or to pay tuition4 ,consequ5tly1 because %e mu/ live at home %e enroll$ 9 a ,/ate ,tea*]s ,college1 ?\gh %e _h no desire to become a tea*]4 ,%e 0 #ae ye>s #h mon?s old at ?is "t1 & h] "w 0 v unev5 9 excell5ce4 ,:5 ! "t arriv$ = practice tea*+1 %e 0 assign$ to tea* high s*ool pupils ( ab\t h] own age1 & fail$ 9 ?is bran* ( ! "w1 s t %e 0 n graduat$4 ,%e receiv$1 h[ev]1 an honorable dis*>ge f ! college4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s1 #aibi-aicc1 h] situation 0 fur!r complicat$ by ! pass+ ( a /ate law prohibit+ /ud5ts bel[ #ag ye>s ( age f att5d+ ! ,/ate ,tea*]s ,college4 ,z ,elizabe? 0 !n /ill bel[ ! age specifi$ 9 ! new law1 %e 0 =c$ to )draw & wait = "t to pass1 resum+ h] /udies z soon z %e fell )9 ! law4 ,:5 ,elizabe? 0 dis*>g$ f ! ,tea*]s ,college1 int]e/$ fri5ds made attempts to secure = h] a subsi/5ce & tuition s*ol>%ip at "s good lib]al arts college1 b no su* opportunities 7 f\nd4 ,"o college o!rwise int]e/$ 9 grant+ a tuition s*ol>%ip n[ f\nd h] too old1 %e be+ !n ag$ #ai ye>s4 ,! s*ola/ic hi/ory ( ,elizabe? is too long to be told "h 9 great] detail4 ,x af=ds an in/ructive & tragic example ( ! bl9dness ( curr5t educational practice 9 deal+ ) *ildr5 :o te/ 9 ! highe/ ranges ( intellect4 ,at #bb ye>s ( age ,elizabe? lives at home1 )\t suitable occupation1 writ+ poetry & help+ ) ! tasks ( ! h\sehold4 ,h] education z conduct$ has n provid$ h] ) any recogniz$ equipm5t = ent] = ent]+ into ! intellectual life ( h] _w1 al?\gh %e possesses "o ( ! be/ intellects ( h] g5]ation4 ,! case ( ,j4 ,m4 ,! hi/ory ( ,j4 ,m41 a #aj-ye>-old girl ( ,,iq #aij 7,s-,b71 0 pres5t$ by ,wa%burne 7#cd7 9 #aibd4 ,?is girl 0 a pupil 9 ! public s*ools ( ,w9netka1 ,ill9ois1 :]e ! plan ( individualiz$ in/ruction is foll[$1 ) individual subject promotions4 ,at ! age ( #aj ye>s #f mon?s1 ,j4 ,m4 0 #ed4e in*es tall & weigh$ #hh4e p\nds4 ,?is is decid$ly 9 excess ( ! /&>ds = av]age *ildr51 z reg>ds size4 ,%e 0 do+ "w ( good quality 9 ! eigh? grade1 & c\ld h be5 9 high s*ool _h n ! s*ool au?orities *eck$ h] progress 9 ! sev5? grade by giv+ h] a l>ge am\nt ( extra "w to d4 ,h] s*ool record %[s t %e ent]$ ! public s*ools ( ,*icago 9 ! fir/ grade1 9 ,septemb]1 #aiai4 ,! tea*] ( fir/ grade imm$iately discov]$ t %e knew too mu* = t grade & br\ght ab\t h] placem5t 9 ! second grade4 ,!re %e rema9$ until ! foll[+ ,april1 :5 h] family mov$ to ,w9netka4 ,9 ,w9netka1 ,j4 ,m4 ent]$ ! second grade & 0 promot$ 9 ,june4 ,h] read+1 te/$ by ! ,monroe & ,gray te/s1 0 up to fif?-grade /&>d :5 %e rea*$ ?ird grade1 & _h rea*$ ! six?-grade /&>d by ,decemb]1 #aibj4 ,h] progress 9 o!r s*ool subjects 0 su* t 9 ,septemb]1 #aiba1 %e ent]$ ! fif? grade4 ,h] rapid progress 0 halt$ some:at1 z %e 0 c>ry+ a d\ble language c\rse1 f9i%+ ! f\r? grade & beg9n+ fif?-grade "w simultane\sly4 ,:5 9 ,may1 #aibb1 %e began ! six?-grade "w1 %e complet$ x 9 two weeks4 ,june1 #aibb1 f\nd h]1 !re=e1 do+ advanc$ six?-grade read+1 ?r\gh ) six? grade spell+1 almo/ ?r\gh ) six?-grade ari?metic1 & promot$ to ! sev5? grade 9 language4 ,%e 0 !n n9e ye>s old4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is progress1 ! grade /&>d 9 p5man%ip 0 la/ to be a*iev$4 ,! p]plexities :i* n[ arose 9 connection ) ?is *ild's education are set =? z foll[s1 by ,wa%burne3 ,9 spite ( ! fact t %e 0 s cle>ly ready = sev5?-grade "w 9 ! fall ( #aibb1 we hesitat$ ab\t hav+ h] come f ! l[] grade s*ool to our junior high s*ool4 ,%e 0 small] & y\ng] ?an any ( ! *ildr5 9 ! junior high1 & we felt t %e 0 already s f> advanc$ t /ill m progress 0 p]haps undesirable4 ,b %e _h =m$ a w>m atta*m5t = two girls a ye> or s old] ?an h]self1 bo? possess$ ( high ,,iq's1 & %e felt t !re w\ld be no?+ = h] to d 9 ! six? grade if we held h] back4 ,?is 0 s obvi\sly true t we admitt$ h] to ! junior high s*ool ) an agreem5t t %e w\ld rema9 !re until %e 0 twelve ye>s old4 ,we felt t :ile %e d\btless c\ld d ! "w ( ! junior high s*ool )9 a ye>1 or at ! mo/ 9 a ye> & a half1 s9ce our junior high conta9s only ! sev5? & eigh? grades1 %e ought n to g to ! s5ior high s*ool too "y4 ,we agre$ to give h] a widely enri*$ curriculum ( electives & special c\rses1 to keep h] active & happy = ?ree ye>s4 ,b x didn't "w6 ,:5 %e f\nd t no ef=t on h] "p w\ld get h] ?r\gh any soon]1 %e /opp$ mak+ ef=t4 ,! end ( ! fir/ ye> 7,june1 #aibc7 f\nd h] ) sev5?-grade cook+1 sev5?-grade art1 & sev5?-grade pott]y1 all incomplete4 ,%e _h tak5 up g5]al sci5ce t[>d ! end ( ! ye>1 & ( c\rse _h n f9i%$ x ei!r4 ,%e _h1 on ! o!r h&1 complet$ all ( ! sev5?-grade ,engli% & ari?metic1 includ+ "s advanc$ "w2 _h done exceptionally well 9 ,fr5*4 ,9 dramatics %e fir/ _h a "k-x-all attitude1 ow+ to h] "m's success 9 amateur !atricals1 b lat] did v good "w4 ,9 social /udies %e _h be5 incl9$ to sup]ficiality1 tru/+ to h] quick grasp on a s+le read+ ( ! mat]ial 7,rugg's ,social ,sci5ce ,pamphlets7 & do+ little real ?9k+4 ,b %e 0 int]e/$1 & f9i%$ ! c\rse )9 ! ye>4 ,! g5]al feel+ ( ! tea*]s1 & ( ,j4 ,m4 h]self 4 4 4 0 t %e _h loaf$ on ! job a good deal1 _h be5 ov]-confid5t1 & _h let d[n g5]ally :5 ! /imulus ( rapid advancem5t 0 tak5 away4 ,?is gives u "s inkl+ z to :at w\ld h happ5$ to h] 9 a regul> s*ool sy/em1 :]e ! class lock/ep is ! rule4 ,?is ye> ,j4 ,m4 is tak+ a /raight eigh?-grade c\rse ) "o elective1 & is ty+ up ! loose ends left undone at ! end ( la/ ye>4 4 4 4 ,! *ild's /rong desire to move =w>d ) ! *ildr5 :o are n[ h] fri5ds1 & ! undesirable effect on h] ( our la/ ye>'s exp]im5t 9 hold+ h] back reg>dless ( h] ef=t or ability to g =w>d1 h result$ 9 our decision to let h] graduate ?is com+ ,june4 ,h] p>5ts1 h[ev]1 h reque/$ t we keep h] 9 our junior high s*ool = a po/graduate ye>1 because !y feel t ! influ5ce ( ?is s*ool is ne$$ by ,j4 ,m4 ,we %all1 !re=e1 try to provide a special c\rse = h] next fall4 ,if we f\nd out t x does n "w out successfully1 we w ent] h] 9 ! s5ior high s*ool 9 ,febru>y1 #aibe4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we f9d t we c give h] ! sort ( education t w be helpful to h] 9 our junior high s*ool & t %e responds rightly1 we %all hold h] "h until ,june1 lett+ h] ent] ! s5ior high s*ool at ! age ( twelve & "o half ye>s4 ,int]pret+ & summ>iz+ our exp]i5ce ) ,j4 ,m43 ,our sy/em ( individual in/ruction has p]mitt$ h] to make full use ( h] intellectual ability4 ,:5 we tri$ to dep>t f x to prev5t h] progress f becom+ too rapid1 %e %[$ a lack ( int]e/ & 9 "s p>ts ( h] s*ool "w %e did n "w up to capacity1 & ev5 became to a slight ext5t a discipl9e problem4 ,giv51 h[ev]1 an inc5tive to fir/-class "w & ! tra9+ 9 social behavior :i* we are try+ to give 9 our junior high s*ool1 ,j4 ,m4 develop$ successfully & well4 ,on ! :ole1 our sy/em has enabl$ u to deal ) h] flexibly & z an individual4 ,x has prev5t$ u f prolong+ our mi/akes4 ,probably no sy/em1 or uni=m plan1 c be made to fit *ildr5 ( su* exceptional m5tal end[m5ts4 ,! mo/ we c hope = is a flexibility :i* w enable u to deal ) su* *ildr5 z individuals1 feel+ our way z we g along4 ,z = family backgr\nd1 ,j4 ,m4 orig9ates f ance/ors ( v sup]ior intellig5ce4 ,h] p>5ts 7 bo? te/$ by means ( ,army ,alpha & bo? scor$ f> above ! g5]ality ( adults4 ,h] fa!r 0 educat$ z an electrical eng9e] b subsequ5tly w5t into inve/m5t bank+4 ,j4 ,m4's pat]nal gr&fa!r 0 an ar*itect1 tra9$ 9 ,man*e/] ,s*ool ( ,sci5ce4 ,he also att5d$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,! pat]nal great-gr&fa!r 0 an ar*itect & %ipbuild]1 exp]t 9 lay+ out factories1 & he 0 desc5d$ f a l9e ( build]s4 ,! pat]nal gr&mo!r 0 an ,engli% woman1 educat$ by h] aunt1 :o _h advanc$ ideas on :at a girl %\ld /udy4 ,! fa!r ( ?is gr&mo!r 0 a deal] 9 build+ mat]ials4 ,on ! mat]nal side1 ,j4 ,m4's gr&fa!r 0 fir/ a tea*]1 !n a m]*ant1 :o became v weal?y1 & a mayor ( a ,s\!rn t[n = eighte5 ye>s4 ,! l9e ( 8 desc5t 0 ?r\gh ,s\!rn plant]s4 ,! mat]nal gr&mo!r 0 ! daught] ( a college pr(essor1 :o 9 turn 0 ! son ( a physician & surgeon1 com+ f a long l9e ( physicians4 ,! "m ( ! mat]nal gr&mo!r 0 desc5d$ f weal?y f>m]s4 ,x is ( "s int]e/ t = ?ree g5]ations at lea/1 ,j4 ,m4 & h] imm$iate prog5itors 7 born :5 ! p>5ts 7 ?irty ye>s or old]1 9 "s cases be+ m ?an sixty ye>s old4 ,! case ( ,e4 ,b4 ,?is *ild 0 describ$ 9 #aibd1 by ,/$man 7#bb71 z hav+ ! highe/ ,,iq yet report$4 ,exception 0 tak5 "s ye>s ago by ! pres5t writ] to ?is description1 on ! gr\nd t ! te/ by :i* ,e4 ,b4 regi/]$ an ,,iq ( #bad 0 n fir/ giv5 to ! *ild4 ,%e _h be5 te/$ previ\sly by ,/an=d-,b9et1 at ! age ( #e ye>s #i mon?s1 e>n+ an ,,iq ( #age4 ,:5 te/$ 9 ! ,psy*ological ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,los ,angeles city s*ools at ! age ( #h ye>s #aa mon?s1 ,e4 ,b4 made ! record ( a sup]ior adult1 e>n+ an ,,iq ( #bad 7,s-,b74 ,! record is ?us ambigu\s1 & w be includ$ "h only because we _c say h[ mu* all[ance %\ld be made = te/ wisdom on second te/4 ,h[ev]1 subsequ5t hi/ory po9ts to #age ,,iq z ! m probably correct /atus = ?is *ild1 s9ce :5 %e 0 te/$ at ! age ( #ba ye>s #a mon?1 by ,lorge & ,holl+wor? 7#af71 us+ ,,cavd1 ,levels ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 ,p1 & ,q1 & o!r te/s ( cultural & specifically sci5tific k1 ! result plac$ h] among individuals :o 9 *ildhood _h te/$ betwe5 #agj & #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,e4 ,b4 0 born on ,septemb] #ba1 #aiac4 ,:5 #d ye>s #f mon?s old %e 0 plac$ 9 a conv5t s*ool on acc\nt ( h] "m's dep>ture = ,france4 ,%e 0 n enroll$ z a pupil b 0 all[$ to sit ) ! high fir/ grade :5 %e wi%$1 because h] *um sat !re4 ,9 f\r mon?s1 at ! close ( ! s*ool ye>1 x 0 discov]$ t %e c\ld read any page 9 ! read] :i* _h be5 us$ z a text1 & any page 9 ! public s*ool fir/ read]1 :i* %e _h nev] se5 be=e4 ,accord+ly1 ?\gh n yet #e ye>s old1 %e 0 promot$ to ! second grade4 ,at ! close ( ! next s*ool ye> %e 0 promot$ to ! f\r? grade1 ag$ #e ye>s #i mon?s4 ,be=e ,e4,b4 0 #f ye>s old %e _h read practically e book li/$ by ! public libr>y at ,des ,mo9es = *ildr5 ( ! fir/ six grades4 ,at ! age ( #i ye>s #d mon?s %e 0 do+ eigh?-grade & po/-eigh? grade "w4 ,h] favorite books at ! age ( #i ye>s include ,b>rie's ,! ,little ,m9i/]1 ,s5tim5tal ,tommy & ,tommy & ,grizel2 ,hugo's ,les ,misrables2 ,dick5s's ,oliv] ,twi/1 ,our ,mutual ,fri5d1 & ,david ,copp]field2 ,eliot's ,silas ,m>n] & ,mill on ! ,floss2 ,bunyan's ,pilgrim's ,progress2 ,hut*9son's ,if ,w9t] ,comes & ,?is ,fre$om4 4 4 4 ,until %e ent]$ ! opportunity room1 ,e4 ,b4 nev] _h a *ild companion1 & 0 unpopul> ) *ildr54 ,%e 0 fri5dly b %y1 & 0 unable to comply ) ! play /&>ds ( o!r *ildr54 ,9 ! opportunity room %e made bett] social adju/m5ts4 ,%e is *e]ful1 affectionate1 & consid]ate to ! po9t ( self-d5ial4 ,%e obeys implicitly1 b is =getful 9 ! commission ( small duties1 p]haps because engross$ ) m int]e/+ matt]s4 ,%e ?9ks along economic & political l9es1 & c hold h] own ev5 ) _m adults 9 conv]s+ on ^! subjects4 4 4 4 ,heal? is excell5t4 ,%e has _h ! usual *ildr5's diseases1 b has recup]at$ v quickly4 4 4 4 ,e4 ,b4 is ( ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,scot* desc5t4 ,! fa!r f9i%$ high s*ool at #ac1 & 0 an ,a & ,b /ud5t at ! ,univ]sity1 tak+ gold m$als = orig9al composition4 ,he is a writ] & an editor4 4 4 4 ,! pat]nal gr&fa!r is a lawy]1 tea*]1 & au?or4 ,! pat]nal gr&mo!r has ma!matical ability4 ,e4 ,b4's "m ent]$ s*ool at #h ye>s1 & complet$ high s*ool at #ae4 ,%e !n ent]$ bus9ess college1 & complet$ ! c\rse 9 less ?an ?ree mon?s4 ,%e !n ent]$ college1 work+ h] way ?r\gh ) consi/5tly ,a records4 ,%e 0 editor ( a national magaz9e at #be1 & at ! "t ( inve/igation 0 an editorial writ] on ,scre5l&4 4 4 4 ,! mat]nal gr&fa!r's hi/ory is unkn[n4 ,x is ?\ght t he 0 av]age2 b ! mat]nal great-gr&fa!r 0 probably sup]ior4 ,at #ba he c\ld nei!r read nor write1 b j at ?is "t a public s*ool 0 e/abli%$ ne> 8 home4 ,he ent]$1 & f9i%$ ! c\rse = ! entire eight grades 9 sixte5 mon?s4 4 4 4 ,e4 ,b4's "m /ates t ,e4 ,b4 fir/ spoke words ) mean+ at #g or #h mon?s ( age1 & t %e walk$ at #aj mon?s4 ,:5 %e 0 #c ye>s old h] p>5ts discov]$ t %e knew ! alphabet1 :i* %e seems to h le>n$ by ask+ que/ions ab\t pr9t$ signs4 ,%e has _h v little =mal in/ruction at home1 = h] "m has be5 active 9 newspap] "w mo/ ( ! "t1 usually work+ at night4 ,e4 ,b4 ent]$ college 9 a l>ge city at #ab ye>s #j mon?s ( age4 ,! girls 9 ?is college are v highly select$ = intellect1 & ,e4 ,b4 did n d out/&+ "w among !m4 ,%e enc\nt]$ _m difficulties1 b graduat$ at ! age ( #af ye>s #i mon?s ) a cr$itable rat+4 ,at ! age ( #bj ye>s %e m>ri$1 hold+ also at t age a v responsible po/ 9 *>ge ( ca% = ! metropolitan bran* ( "o ( ! l>ge/ manufactur+ & di/ribut+ companies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is h] aim to become a writ]4 ,v]da4 ,9 #aibe ,t]man 7#bf7 report$ two *ildr5 n else:]e describ$1 ) ,,iq's above #ahj 7,s-,b71 ,v]da & ,madel9e bel[1 bo? discov]$ dur+ ! c5sus ( ! gift$ tak5 9 ,cali=nia4 ,! occupational level among ,v]da's male ance/ors has be5 l>gely 9 ! pr(essions & 9 bus9ess4 ,h] fa!r is a successful life insurance salesman1 & %[s musical1 me*anical1 & lit]>y ability4 ,he is ( ,scot*-,iri% extraction4 ,h] "m is ( ,fr5* & ,engli% ance/ry1 a desc5dant 9 direct l9e f ,gov]nor ,brad=d1 ( colonial ,new ,engl&1 & is relat$ to _m notables4 ,v]da has no bro!rs or si/]s4 ,! *ild's fir/ words 7 articulat$ at #g mon?s1 & %e talk$ 9 s5t5ces at #ae mon?s4 ,%e humm$ a tune at #ag mon?s' c\ld "n all ! prim>y colors at #bb mon?s2 c\ld c\nt to #ac at #be mon?s4 ,h] fir/ poem 7said 9 rhyme & met]7 0 compos$ at ! age ( #b ye>s #i mon?s4 ,?is 0 record$ by h] "m4 ,%e did n h]self put on pap] h] lit]>y compositions until ! age ( #e ye>s1 :5 %e le>n$ to pr9t4 ,aft] ?is ! /ories %e compos$ 7 no long] record$ by h] "m4 ,soon aft] %e 0 #d ye>s old %e br\ght a book to h] p>5ts & read to !m4 ,up to t "t %e _h _h no =mal in/ruction 9 read+ b %e _h be5 read to4 ,v]da did n ent] s*ool until %e 0 #h ye>s #g mon?s old1 beg9n+ 9 ! high f\r? grade4 ,h] ,,iq 0 fir/ det]m9$ at ! age ( #aa ye>s #a mon? by an incomplete te/1 made z a demon/ration be=e by an incomplete te/1 made z a demon/ration be=e a gr\p ( tea*]s 9 ! limit$ "t ( fifty m9utes1 & 0 calculat$ at #age4 ,:5 at age #aa ye>s #g mon?s %e 0 fully te/$ 9 a /&>d situation1 %e pass$ e te/ provid$ on ,/an=d-,b9et1 prov+ at an ,,iq 7correct$ #b7 ( #ahf4 ,?r\gh f\r ye>s ( high s*ool %e receiv$ an ,a grade 9 e academic subject1 ) ! exception ( "o seme/] ( ,fr5* & "o ( biology1 9 :i* ! grade 0 ,b4 ,%e 0 graduat$ f high s*ool at age ( #af ye>s #i mon?s4 ,accord+ to h] own te/imony1 ,v]da's usual am\nt ( /udy dur+ h] s5ior ye> 0 only six h\rs a week outside ( s*ool h\rs4 ,%e is fond ( p>ties & dances1 & is v active 9 /ud5t life1 p>ticul>y ?r\gh h] lit]>y contributions4 ,%e rates h]self z r dislik+ /udy4 ,%e w\ld r read1 play ! piano1 compose music1 /ories1 or plays1 or sp5d "t ) h] fri5ds4 7,9 #aibf %e won a gold m$al 9 a piano-play+ conte/47 ,%e has %[n a wide m>g9 ( en]gy & ability ov] & above :at is necess>y = a /raight ,a record 9 high s*ool4 ,!re is mu* m 9 ! description ( ?is *ild t is int]e/+1 b ! case _c "h be quot$ 9 full4 ,madel9e4 ,at ! age ( #f ye>s #g mon?s ,madel9e yield$ an ,,iq ( #aib 7,s-,b74 ,%e 0 !n 9 ! ?ird grade1 b h] scores on ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t ,te/s correspond$ to fif?- & six?-grade norms4 ,at #g ye>s ( age1 h] p>5ts' *ief conc]n 9 reg>d to h] 0 to prev5t h] f read+ too mu*4 ,at #g mon?s ( age ,madel9e 0 able to di/+ui% all ! pictures on ! walls ( h] home :5 !y 7 nam$ to h]4 ,%e c\ld id5tify ! pictures ( six ,am]ican poets :5 %e 0 a little ov] a ye> old4 ,%e knew ! common fl[]s by "n be=e ! age ( #c4 ,h] "m report$ t read+ seem$ to be born 9 h]4 ,%e c\ld c\nt to #ajj at #c ye>s1 play$ p>*esi at #d ye>s1 & c>ri$ ! p[]s ( #b m5tally to ! #bj?1 z a ,sunday aft]noon pa/ime be=e ! age ( #f4 ,at #g ye>s ( age %e 0 writ+ poetry ) religi\s ?\ght express$4 ,ent]+ s*ool 9 ! fir/ grade at ! age ( #d ye>s #aa mon?s1 ,madel9e 0 held 9 ! ord9>y c\rse on acc\nt ( h] age & 9 ord] to improve 9 h&work1 9 :i* %e seem$ defici5t4 ,%e 0 li/less & bor$ at s*ool1 & develop$ habits ( procra/9ation & "t-wa/+4 ,9 high s*ool1 h[ev]1 %e began to take an int]e/ 9 ! "w (f]$1 & at ! "t ( report %e 0 f9i%+ ! n9? grade ) ,a rat+s 9 all except an occasional c\rse :i* %e reg>d$ z un9t]e/+ or mean+less4 ,(t5 :5 %e is s5t out to ! back y>d at night to dispose ( kit*5 refuse1 %e fails to return until h] "m goes 9 se>* ( h]4 ,h] "m always f9ds h] /udy+ ! heav5s4 ,madel9e has rec5tly develop$ a /rong int]e/ 9 a/ronomy1 has dev\r$ sev]al books on ! subject1 & is plann+ to become an a/ronom]4 ,! heal? ( ?is *ild has always be5 good4 ,%e has _h ! usual *ildr5's diseases1 & contracts colds1 b has nev] be5 s]i\sly ill4 ,madel9e's ance/ry is v sup]ior4 ,on ! pat]nal side1 ! gr&fa!r 0 ( ,engli%-,iri% desc5t2 ! gr&mo!r1 ( ,scotti%-,fr5* desc5t4 ,tea*+ & prea*+ h be5 ! usual occupations4 ,on ! mat]nal side1 ! gr&fa!r 0 ( ,g]man-,dut* desc5t2 ! gr&mo!r1 ( ,engli% desc5t4 ,! *ild's p>5ts are bo? univ]sity graduates1 & !y h done graduate "w4 ,%e has two y\ng] si/]s1 ( #afg & #afb ,,iq 7,s-,b71 respectively4 ,! family is 9 v mod]ate f9ancial circum/ances1 hav+ tak5 responsibility 9 ! c>e ( relatives4 ,rosem>ie4 ,9 #aibh1 ,s*orn 7#bj7 report$ ^u a girl ag$ #d ye>s #f mon?s1 :o te/$ at #h ye>s ,m5tal ,age 9 ! ,psy*ologis*es ,in/itut at ,wrzb]g4 ,?is report gives h] an ,,iq ( #ahd4 ,%e 0 br\ght to att5tion because %e c\ld read flu5tly at ! age ( #c ye>s #f mon?s1 )\t hav+ be5 s*ool$4 ,! case ( ?is *ild illu/rates "s ( ! po9ts ( misund]/&+ ( su* *ildr5 by ^? :o h n se5 sev]al l !m4 ,because %e c\ld n p]=m motor tasks 9 advance ( h] ye>s1 x 0 conclud$ t %e 0 n g5]ally bright4 ,! case ( ,k4 ,9 #aicd ,goldb]g 7#aa7 describ$ ! case ( ,k1 a boy :o a*iev$ an ,,iq ( #aif 7,s-,b7 :5 te/$ at ! age ( #f ye>s #g mon?s4 ,k 0 born ,june #be1 #aibg1 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ( ,jewi% p>5ts1 & is an only *ild4 ,! p>5ts /ate f memory t ,k />t$ to walk at #ad mon?s ( age1 & c\ld talk r flu5tly at ! age ( #a ye> #f mon?s4 ,d5tition began at #h mon?s ( age4 ,8 heal? has be5 v good1 & he has _h no s]i\s illnesses4 ,:5 ,k 0 #bj mon?s old1 he knew 8 alphabet & )9 a %ort :ile aft] t he 0 able to recite x backw>ds4 ,at ab\t ! same "t he _h a set ( blocks1 :i* (f]$ him additional opportunity = develop+ a well-nigh a/\nd+ feat4 ,he c\ld by look+ at "o ( ! figures on a giv5 block call (f f memory ! o!r five objects on ! rema9+ sides4 ,?is he 0 able to d = almo/ ! entire set4 ,at ab\t #b ye>s ( age ,k knew 8 own "n & address & :at is m significant ! addresses & telephone numb]s ( ! entire family1 numb]+ ab\t a doz54 ,by /udy+ a cal5d> he le>n$ to tell on :at p>ticul> day a c]ta9 date w\ld fall4 ,= example1 if he 7 ask$ on :at day ( ! week ,july #af w\ld fall he w\ld indicate ,?ursday4 4 4 4 ,k began to read at ab\t #d ye>s ( age4 ,he 0 giv5 no =mal tra9+ 9 ! beg9n+ me*anics ( read+4 ,! only assi/ance he receiv$ 0 a sugge/ion t he pron\nce words by syllables4 ,at ?is "t he 0 already read+ simple words easily4 ,k is ( ,jewi% orig94 ,mr4 ,k at ! "t ( ,k's bir? 0 #cb ye>s ( age1 & ,mrs4 ,k 0 #ce4 ,nei!r ,k's "m nor 8 fa!r has _h ! b5efit ( college tra9+4 ,!y are = ! mo/ "p self-educat$4 ,mr4 ,k is a proprietor ( a small retail bus9ess4 ,at ! age ( #f ye>s #g mon?s ,k's height ) %oes 0 #dg4c in*es1 & 8 weight 0 #eb p\nds4 ,he is well n\ri%$1 & 8 physical condition 0 f\nd negative = all unfavorable indications4 ,:5 ask$ = ! ye>1 9 ! te/ at ye> ,,ix 7,s-,b71 ,k said1 ,x is #aicd1 b if y believe 9 ! ,jewi% cal5d>1 x is #efid4 ,! case ( ,b4 ,witty & ,j5k9s 7#cf7 h report$ ! case ( ,b1 a gift$ ,negro girl1 :o 0 te/$ at ! age ( #i ye>s #d mon?s1 e>n+ an ,,iq ( #bjj 7,s-,b71 correct$ score1 & ( #ahg1 uncorrect$ score4 #c ,at ! "t ( te/+1 ,b 0 9 ! l[ fif? grade at s*ool1 h] m5tal age be+ #ag ye>s #e mon?s at lea/ 7uncorrect$ score74 ,%e _h receiv$ b "o d\ble promotion ?\gh o!rs 7 (f]$ by ! s*ool1 because ,b's "m is afraid t ! *ild w get too f> f h] age gr\p4 ,b 0 discov]$ by ask+ a tea*] to nom9ate ! mo/ intellig5t & be/ /ud5t among *ildr5 9 h] class4 ,b 0 nom9at$ z be/ /ud5t1 :ile a girl f\r ye>s old]1 ^: ,,iq turn$ out to be bel[ #ajj1 0 nom9at$ z mo/ intellig5t4 ,?is circum/ance is illu/rative ( ! lack ( insight :i* necess>ily exi/s 9 relation to su* *ildr5 :]e tea*]s h no special in/ruction 9 reg>d to !m4 ,! report cont9ues3 ,! foll[+ items 7 secur$ f ,b's baby book1 & f ! "m's reports4 ,b1 an only *ild1 0 born ,novemb] #ah1 #aibd4 ,! "m 0 !n #bg ye>s ( age1 & ! fa!r #ca4 ,b weigh$ #f #c_/d p\nds at bir?1 #ad p\nds at #c mon?s1 & #ag #a_/b p\nds at #i mon?s4 ,at #i ye>s & #e mon?s1 ,b weigh$ #fj p\nds & 0 #ej in*es 9 height2 ?is is normal = a *ild ( h] height & age 7,baldw9-,wood norms74 ,b walk$ a few /eps at #h mon?s 7"u ! excitem5t ( runn+ aft] a dog71 b walk$ no m till %e 0 #ab mon?s old4 ,%e employ$ %ort s5t5ces :5 %e 0 ab\t #af mon?s ( age4 ,h] "m reports t ,b express$ h] ?\ght 9 s5t5ces1 r ?an 9 isolat$ words1 almo/ f ! beg9n+ ( language developm5t2 %e excit$ consid]able comm5t among fri5ds by display+ an ext5sive vocabul>y & by us+ nurs]y rhymes at age #b4 ,b 0 taught to read by h] "m at age #d1 by ! picture-/ory me?od4 7,%e knew ! alphabet long be=e47 ,a few lessons only 7 giv5 h] & !reaft] ,b read & has cont9u$ to read indep5d5tly4 ,b has _h no s]i\s illnesses or accid5ts2 h] heal? hi/ory appe>s normal & h] physical condition at ! pres5t "t is excell5t4 ,fur!rmore1 %e seems unusually well balanc$ f ! /&po9t ( m5tal hygi5e4 ,b exhibits regul>ity 9 habits1 sleeps s\ndly1 seldom reports dreams1 displays no unusual fe>s1 & adapts h]self quickly & successfully to ! dem&s ( h] *ild-gr\p4 ,b's p>5ts appe> di/9ctly above ! av]age bo? 9 intellig5ce & 9 academic tra9+4 ,! "m f9i%$ a two-ye> normal c\rse & taught = a numb] ( ye>s 9 a metropolitan s*ool sy/em4 ,! fa!r is an electrical eng9e]1 a graduate ( ,case ,college ( ,appli$ ,sci5ce2 he has pursu$ graduate /udies at ,cornell ,univ]sity1 & has done "s college tea*+4 ,at pres5t he is a practic+ electrical eng9e]4 4 4 4 ,h] mat]nal great-gr&fa!r 7:o is /ill active & robu/ at age #hb7 0 private secret>y to ea* ( f\r executives ( a l>ge railroad sy/em4 4 4 4 ,h] pat]nal gr&fa!r 0 an inv5tor & manufactur] ( poli%es & waxes4 4 4 4 ,! "m reports ,b to be ( pure ,negro /ock4 ,!re is no record ( any :ite ance/ors on ei!r ! mat]nal or pat]nal side4 ,b has n mu* ability or int]e/ 9 music4 ,h] favorite subject is sci5ce1 & *emi/ry attracts h] to ! ext5t t %e wi%es to become a *emi/4 ,*ild ,r4 ,9 #aicf1 ,zorbaugh & ,bo>dman 7#ch7 describ$ a boy1 ,r1 ( ,,iq #bjd 7,s-,b74 ,!y m5tion also ?ree o!r *ildr5 ( ,,iq above #ahj1 te/$ at ,new ,york ,univ]sity's ,cl9ic = ! ,social ,adju/m5t ( ! ,gift$1 b ,r is ! only "o describ$4 ,r 0 br\ght to ! ,cl9ic :5 he 0 #h ye>s old1 & at t "t he _h on ! ,/an=d-,b9et an ,,iq ( #bjd4 ,8 fa!r1 an eng9e]1 is a well-kn[n writ] 9 ! sci5tific field4 ,8 "m holds a doctor's degree 9 physical *emi/ry f a =eign univ]sity4 ,nei!r ! fa!r nor ! "m has be5 te/$1 b !y are bo? p]sons ( v unusual m5tal ability4 ,r's two y\ng] bro!rs are also ( v sup]ior m5tality4 ,! family is ( ,jewi% orig9 & bo? ! fa!r & ! "m 7 born 9 a =eign c\ntry4 ,r1 _! fir/ *ild1 0 born :5 ! "m 0 ?irty & ! fa!r 0 ?irty-five4 ,8 e>ly developm5t 0 exce$+ly precoci\s4 ,8 fir/ too? erupt$ at five mon?s ( age2 he began to walk at n9e mon?s & 0 runn+ at elev5 mon?s2 he 0 talk+ 9 s5t5ces at elev5 mon?s2 he le>n$ to read at f\r ye>s ( age1 & 0 read+ omnivor\sly be=e he ent]$ s*ool4 ,:5 he ent]$ s*ool he _h an unusual vocabul>y1 us+ su* words z casui/ry & disproportionate4 ,at ! age ( #b he 0 model+ 9 clay1 & at ! age ( #c he began to design & make ma*9es4 ,he appli$ ?r\gh 8 fa!r to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice = two pat5ts be=e he 0 #h ye>s old4 ,at #h ye>s ( age he _h a l>ge libr>y 9 8 home compos$ mo/ly ( books ( sci5ce1 hi/ory1 & biography1 :i* he _h catalogu$ himself1 on ! ,dewey decimal sy/em4 ,at ?is age he 0 writ+ a book on electricity4 ,also at ! age ( #h he _h a small ma*9e %op 9 :i* he 0 work+ on 8 ma*9es4 ,at ! age ( #f he enjoy$ discuss+ philosophy4 ,at ! age ( #g he w\ld debate on ! significance ( religion 9 _w developm5t4 ,! day he fir/ came to ! ,cl9ic1 ,claudel's exp]im5ts on develop+ p[] by rais+ ! cold] wat] f ! l[] levels ( ! sea _h j be5 report$ 9 ! sci5tific section ( ! ,new ,york ,times4 ,r expla9$ ! !ory involv$ mu* m cle>ly ?an _h ! sci5tific writ] ( ! ,times4 ,r is well develop$ physically1 above av]age 9 height1 & consid]ably above av]age 9 weight1 likes ! outdoors1 especially hik+ & rid+ horseback4 ,at ! age ( #i he %[$ ! fir/ symptoms ( ! approa* ( pub]ty4 ,r is well adju/$ to 8 s*ool & 8 playmates1 plays on _! socc] & baseball teams1 is well lik$1 & is a lead] 9 _m ( _! activities4 ,o!r cases4 ,9 addition to ^! *ildr5 :o h be5 some:at fully describ$1 a few o!rs te/+ above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 h be5 m5tion$ 9 ! lit]ature ( gift$ *ildr5 or _! records h appe>$ 9 tabulations4 ,9 #aibc ,dvorak told ( a boy ( ,,iq #ahc 7,s-,b7 :o 0 exam9$ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota4 ,?is boy 0 conspicu\sly maladju/$ at s*ool4 ,he hat$ s*ool1 & did poor "w !re4 ,he 0 #h ye>s #g mon?s old at ! "t ( exam9ation1 & pass$ ! te/s at a m5tal level ( #ae ye>s #i mon?s4 ,! educational au?orities 7 unsympa!tic & resi/ant to advice1 b f9ally plac$ ! *ild 9 ! fif? grade1 :]e bo? "w & conduct improv$ greatly4 ,?is obs]v] also m5tions a boy ( #ahi ,,iq 7,s-,b7 :o 0 te/$ at ! same ,univ]sity4 ,cyril ,burt1 writ+ ( m5tal te/s 9 ! s*ools ( ,london1 cites an ,engli% boy ( #aij ,,iq1 b does n give a description ( him4 ,! value ( ^! m]e m5tions is slight because !re is no elaboration & no subsequ5t hi/ory ( ! cases :i* w\ld be useful = purposes ( g5]alizations4 ,,g5]alizations ,! prec$+ cases describe 9 "s detail #ai cases rat+ #ahj ,,iq or bett]1 if ^? be includ$ 7#c cases7 t 7 report$ be=e ! ,/an=d ,revision came into use4 ,al?\gh ! reports are lack+ 9 uni=mity & v>y 9 emphasis1 x is possible to glean f !m a few g5]alizations conc]n+ orig9 & developm5t among ! gift$4 ,orig9 is extremely v>i$ z reg>ds racial /ock4 ,9 describ+ ! #ad ,am]ican *ildr51 ,g]man desc5t is m5tion$ #c times1 ,fr5* #c1 ,scotti% #e1 ,engli% #e1 ,sw$i% #a1 ,scot*-,iri% #a1 ,dut* #a1 ,jewi% #a1 ,negro #a4 ,!re is "o ,g]man *ild4 ,! occupational /atus ( ! fa!rs all fall 9 ,class #a or ,class #b ( ,taussig's rat+--pr(essional1 cl]ical1 or bus9ess proprietors4 ,social-economic /atus :]ev] m5tion$ is said to be mod]ate4 ,none is /at$ to be v weal?y or v poor4 ,age ( p>5ts at bir? ( ! exceptional *ild cov]s a wide range4 ,developm5t is decid$ly ahead ( s*$ule = ! gr\p 9 all respects4 ,report$ age ( walk+ 7#g cases /at$7 ranges f #g mon?s to #ad mon?s4 ,talk+ 9 s5t5ces1 9 ! #aj cases 9 :i* x is giv51 ranges f #h mon?s to #ai mon?s4 ,9 #ac cases ! age ( read+ is assign$1 ?is be+ always #c4e or #d ye>s4 ,g5]al heal? is1 :5ev] m5tion$1 always report$ z good1 & except = ! tw9s1 born prematurely1 physique is sup]ior4 ,9 ! array ( #ai cases !re are #ab girls & #g boys1 :]eas ( ! #ab cases to be lat] report$ 9 ?is /udy only #d are girls4 ,9 ! gr& total !re are #af girls & #ae boys4 ,,bibliography #a4 ,,b]khan1 ,,oswald4 ,das ,wund]k9d ,*ri/ian ,he9ri* ,he9ek54 ,zeits*rift fr ,k9d]=s*ung1 ,vol4 #ae1 pages #bbe-bbi 7#aiaj74 #b4 ------ ,otto ,phl]1 ,das ,frhles5de ,brauns*weig] ,k9d4 ,zeits*rift fr ,k9d]=s*ung1 ,vol4 #ae1 pages #aff-aga 7#aiaj74 #c4 ,,b9et1 ,a41 et ,,simon1 ,,?4 ,new ,me?ods = ! ,diagnosis ( ! ,intellectual ,level ( ,subnormals4 ,l',anne ,psy*ologique1 #aije1 pages #aia-bdd4 #d4 ------ ,! ,developm5t ( ,intellig5ce 9 ! ,*ild4,l',anne ,psy*ologique1 #aijh1 pages #a-ij4 #e4 ,,bu%1 ,a4 ,d4 ,b9et-,simon ,te/s ( a ,?irty-n9e-,mon?s-,old ,*ild4 ,psy*ological ,cl9ic1 #aiad4 #f4 ,,cox1 ,c4 ,m4 ,! ,e>ly ,m5tal ,traits ( ,?ree ,hundr$ ,g5iuses4 ,g5etic ,/udies ( ,g5ius3 ,vol4 #b4 ,/an=d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 ,cali=nia2 #aibf4 #g4 ,,dolbe>1 ,k4 ,e4 ,precoci\s ,*ildr54 ,p$agogical ,sem9>y1 ,vol4 #ai1 pages #dfa-dia 7#aiab74 #h4 ,,duff1 ,f41 & ,,?omson1 ,,godfrey ,h4 ,! ,social & ,geographical ,di/ribution ( ,intellig5ce 9 ,nor?umb]l&4 ,briti% ,j\rnal ( ,psy*ology 7#aibc74 #i4 ,,galton1 ,,francis4 ,h]$it>y ,g5ius4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,london2 #ahib4 7,fir/ ,ed41 #ahfi47 #aj4 ,,gesell1 ,,arnold4 ,m5tal & ,physical ,correspond5ce 9 ,tw9s4 ,sci5tific ,mon?ly 7#aibb74 #aa4 ,,goldb]g1 ,,samuel4 ,a ,cl9ical ,/udy ( ,k1 #aif ,,iq4 ,j\rnal ( ,appli$ ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #ah1 pages #eej-efj 7#aicd74 #ab4 ,,h>tlaub1 ,g4 ,f4 ,d] ,g5ius im ,k9de4 ,hirt1 ,breslau2 #aicj4 #ac4 ,,hirt1 ,,zoe ,i4 ,a ,gift$ ,*ild4 ,tra9+ ,s*ool ,bullet91 ,vol4 #ai1 pages #di-ed 7#aibb74 #ad4 ,i4 ,e4 ,r4 ,intellig5ce ,scale ,,cavd1 ,levels ,a to ,q4 ,pr9t$ 9 #e p>ts4 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york2 #aibe4 #ae4 ,,lang5beck1 ,m4 ,a /udy ( a ,five-,ye>-,old ,*ild4 ,p$agogical ,sem9>y 7#aiae74 #af4 ,,lorge1 ,i41 & ,,holl+wor?1 ,l4 ,s4 ,! ,adult ,/atus ( ,highly ,intellig5t ,*ildr54 ,j\rnal ( ,g5etic ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #di1 pages #bae-bbf 7#aicf74 #ag4 ,,quetelet1 ,m4 ,lett]s on ,probability4 ,translat$ by ,d[nes4 ,layton ,co41 ,london2 #ahdi4 #ah4 ,,root1 ,w4 ,t4 ,a ,socio-,psy*ological ,/udy ( ,fifty-?ree ,sup]normal ,*ildr54 ,psy*ological ,monographs1 #aiba1 #bi1 ,no4 #acc1 pages #acd ff4 #ai4 ,,rusk1 ,r4 ,r4 ,a ,case ( ,precocity4 ,*ild ,/udy1 #aiag4 #bj4 ,,s*orn1 ,m4 ,zur ,psy*ologie des ,frhbegabt5 ,k9des4 ,zeits*rift fr ,psy*ologie1 pages #aje1 #cjb-caf 7#aibh74 #ba4 ,,spe>man1 ,g4 ,g5]al ,intellig5ce ,objectively ,det]m9$ & ,measur$4 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #ae1 pages #bja-bic 7#aijd74 #bb4 ,,/$man1 ,l4 ,m4 ,education ( ,gift$ ,*ildr54 ,_w ,book ,company1 ,yonk]s-on-,hudson1 ,new ,york2 #aibd4 #bc4 ,,t]man1 ,,lewis ,m4 ,a ,new ,approa* to ! ,/udy ( ,g5ius4 ,psy*ological ,review1 ,vol4 #bi1 pages #caj-cah 7#aibb74 #bd4 ------ ,! ,measurem5t ( ,intellig5ce4 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company1 ,bo/on2 #aiaf4 #be4 ,,t]man1 ,,lewis ,m41 & ,,f5ton1 ,j4 ,c4 ,prelim9>y ,report on a ,gift$ ,juv5ile ,au?or4 ,j\rnal ( ,appli$ ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #e1 pages #afc-agh 7#aiba74 #bf4 ------ et al4 ,m5tal & ,physical ,traits ( a ,?\s& ,gift$ ,*ildr54 ,g5etic /udies ( ,g5ius3 ,vol4 #a4 ,/an=d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 ,cali=nia2 #aibe4 #bg4 ------ et al4 ,ibid41 ,g5etic ,/udies ( ,g5ius3 ,vol4 #c4 ,/an=d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 ,cali=nia2 #aicj4 #bh4 ,,?orndike1 ,e4 ,l4 ,an ,introduction to ! ,!ory ( ,m5tal & ,social ,measurem5ts4 ,sci5ce ,press1 ,new ,york2 #aijd4 #bi4 ------ ,animal ,intellig5ce4 ,psy*ological ,review ,monograph ,supplem5ts1 ,vol4 #b1 ,no4 #h 7#ahih74 #cj4 ------ ,! ,measurem5t ( ,intellig5ce4 ,bureau ( ,publications1 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york2 #aibf4 #ca4 ,tehetsegproblemak 7,problems ( ,tal5t74 ,?irte5 lectures by v>i\s au?ors1 deliv]$ be=e ! ,hung>ian ,society = ,*ild ,rese>* & ,practical ,psy*ology1 ,budape/2 #aicj4 #cb4 ,,von ,,s*,,nei*1 ,,*ri/ian4 ,tat51 ,reis5 und ,tod e9es sehr klug5 und sehr artig5 #d-;jhrig5 ,k9des1 ,*ri/ian ,he9ri* ,he9ek5 aus ,lbeck4 ,zweite v]nd]te ,auflage4 ,gtt+51 #aggi 7,er/e ,auflage1 #agbf74 #cc4 ,,waddle1 ,c4 ,w4 ,case ,/udies ( ,gift$ ,*ildr51 ,"p ,i4 ,tw5ty-?ird ,ye>book1 pages #ahe-bjg1 ,national ,society = ! ,/udy ( ,education4 ,public ,s*ool ,publi%+ ,company1 ,bloom+ton1 ,ill9ois2 #aibd4 #cd4 ,,wa%burne1 ,c4 ,w4 ,case ,hi/ory ( ,j4 ,m41 ,"p #a4 ,tw5ty-?ird ,ye>book1 ,national ,society = ! ,/udy ( ,education4 ,public ,s*ool ,publi%+ ,company1 ,bloom+ton1 ,ill9ois2 #aibd4 #ce4 ,,witte1 ,k4 ,! ,education ( ,k>l ,witte4 7,translat$ by ,l4 ,wi5]47 ,bruce ,publi%+ ,company1 ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons92 #aiad4 #cf4 ,,witty1 ,p4 ,a41 & ,,j5k9s1 ,m4 ,d4 ,! ,case ( ',b'--a ,gift$ ,negro ,girl4 ,j\rnal ( ,social ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #f1 pages #aag-abd 7#aice74 #cg4 ,,y]kes1 ,r4 ,m4 7,editor74 ,psy*ological ,exam9+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,memoirs ( ! ,national ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 ,vol4 #ae 7#aiba74 #ch4 ,,zorbaugh1 ,h4 ,w4 & ,,bo>dman1 ,,rhea ,k4 ,salvag+ ,our ,gift$ ,*ildr54 ,j\rnal ( ,educational ,sociology1 ,vol4 #aj1 pages #ajj-ajh 7#aibf74 #a ,x is n absolutely cle> f ,t]man's text :e!r ! #ae *ildr5 above #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 are to be ?\ght ( z repres5t+ ! #fdc *ildr5 /ati/ically treat$ 9 ,g5etic ,/udies ( ,g5ius3 ,vol4 ,i1 or :e!r !y re/ ^u ! ne>ly "o ?\s& z a base1 :o 7 locat$4 ,9 a p]sonal communication ,pr(essor ,t]man writes t x 0 #ae out ( #fdc4 #b ,correction is attempt$ accord+ to a =mula = records exce$+ ! top ( ,s-,b1 b ?is =mula has nev] be5 actually validat$4 #c ,see previ\s footnote4 a ,on ,decemb] #crd1 #agba1 someone fir/ notic$ t ! *ild wat*$ ^! figures "h & !re = a long "t )\t /opp+1 & 8 little eyes at ! same "t /uck ^u !m4 ,someone said to him ! names ( ^! figures3 t w\ld be a cat1 t a t[]1 a little %eep1 a m\nta94 ,! foll[+ lit4 o!r day1 ! #d? ( ,decemb]1 someone ask$ him aga91 :]e ! cat1 ! m\nta91 ! little %eep 7 & to look !re2 ! *ild indicat$ ) 8 little t9y f+]s !re1 & always hit ^u ! "r picture1 t !y _h nam$ to him4 ,ev5 m1 n[ he gave ef=t himself to repeat ! previ\sly said words3 cat1 m\nta91 t[]3 h5ce1 he saw ) unrelat$ glances likely1 unrelat$ to ! figures he 0 previ\sly transfix$ on ! speak+ f ! m\? likely1 ( :oev] nam$ ! objects1 got ! movem5t ( ! lips & ! tongue ) ! same /eady att5d+1 slurr$ ! ^w aft]w>d & repeat$ ?is s (t51 until he f9ally press$ out "o syllable aft] ano!r4 b ,he pron\n is lit]ally x1 d]iv$ f neut4 case n\n das ,k9d i4e41 ! *ild c\ld read pr9t$ ?+s 9 ,lat9 & ,g]man4 ,he c\ld n also write !m2 8 little f+]s 7 too weak to d s4 ,he c\ld recite times tables bo? 9 & out ( ord]4 ,he c\ld also c\nt1 subtract1 add1 & multiply4 ,9 ,fr5*1 he got s f>1 t he c\ld rec\nt entire hi/ories 9 ?is language4 ,9 ,lat91 he le>n$ ov] #a1ejj good say+s f ,lat9-language au?ors4 ,he le>n$ ,l[ ,g]man f 8 nurse1 ( :om he didn't want to let g4 ,9 geography1 he cont9u$ to grasp ! mo/ curi\s ?+s on ea* ( ! maps ( exi/+ places4 c ,otto ,phl]1 born ! #bj? ( ,augu/1 #ahib to ,brauns*weig1 fir/ & only *ild ( a ma/] but*]1 got tee? at ! correct "t & le>n$ to walk & speak at ! "r "t4 ,:5 he 0 five f\r?s ( a ye> old1 8 gr&mo!r l$ him outside ! door & into ! next /reets & 9 ! c\rse ( ?is nam$ to him ! names :i* 7 on ! h\se & /reet signs1 & also relatives wrote d[n him fir/ "n1 ,otto1 multiple times4 ,:5 ! *ild !n got a newspap] 9 8 h&s1 he %[$ ! same pr9t$ "n1 ,otto4 ,f !n on1 ! gr&mo!r expla9$ to him ! lett]s & read al\d to him s+le words2 9 ! process1 x result$ t ! *ild _h a prodigi\s memory = lett]s1 words1 & numb]s4 ,:5 ! little ,otto 0 br\ght to me1 he 01 z ,i previ\sly cit$1 #ac_/d ye>s old4 ,he 0 v conv]sant1 climb$ imm$iately multiple times onto my knees1 %[$ himself1 ov]all1 v mobile & re/less4 ,:5 he caught sight ( "o ( ! hang+ wall cal5d>s next to ! writ+ table1 he read l\dly1 unprompt$1 ! l>ge-pr9t1 ,lat9 display on ! same 7,april #bg73 ,april two-sev5444 ,9 ,octob]1 #ahid1 ,i br\ght ! "y ,otto1 at ! age ( #b ye>s & #b mon?s1 be=e ! physician's c\ntry club4 ,:5 ! end ( my deliv]$ lecture ab\t him came1 :i* 0 l$ 9 ! bo>droom1 "o ( ! doctors %[$ ! ,brn]'s ,m$ic9al-,cal5d>1 ) ! reque/ to read ! ,lat9 inscription4 ,he read flu5tly3 ,imp]ial ,m$ic9al-,cal5d]4 ,f\nd$ by ,pa-ul ,brn]4 ,"o1 eight1 n9e1 f\r4 d ,he is n physically /rong1 b also n badly develop$4 ,at fir/ glance ! long skull & ! /rong back ( ! head /& out4 ,9 ! delicate face clev]1 expressive eyes are captivat+1 :i*1 ) pond]+1 take on at fir/ a curi\sly s]i\s1 conc5trat$ expression4 ,9 ! :ole1 he does n at all make an impression ( an unheal?y1 jad$ *ild1 b r ( a boy ) a completely fre% & m]ry view ( ! _w4 ,8 bigge/ passion is /ill always read+1 & ! mo/ important ?+ 9 ! _w to him are hi/oric1 biographic1 & geographic dates4 ,he kn[s ! bir? & dea? ye>s ( _m ,g]man ,kais]s1 also _m g5]als1 poets1 philosoph]s1 mo/ly also bir?days & places ( bir?2 fur!rmore ! capitals ( mo/ /ates1 riv]s on :i* !y lie & ! l4 ,he kn[s decisions ( ! beg9n+ & end ( ! ,?irty ,ye>'s & ,sev5 ,ye>'s ,w>s1 ( ! ma9 battles ( ^! & o!r w>s4 ,f /atem5ts ( ! "m1 ev]y?+ he pick$ up on )\t outside help1 ?r\gh ! dilig5t /udy ( a patriotic cal5d> & simil>ly discov]able lit]ature 9 ! h\se1 also ?r\gh ! deciph]+ ( monum5t inscriptions 9 ! cities 7= :i* he especially has passion74 ,:5 two diff]5t pages ) two #ab-;digit numb]s 7 %[n to him 9 succession1 ! numb]s ( :i* diff]$ by "o ( ! middle digits1 he read !m z f> z ! billons & c\ld !n1 )\t look+ at ! pages aga91 ) c]ta9ty1 specify :]e9 ! diff]5ce lay4 e ,dr4 ,placzek et al4 :o e>li] obs]v$ ! boy1 ! def9itive impression prevail$ ( a specially ar\s$1 rapid1 & %>p-?9k+ &1 at ! same "t1 a b5ign1 q loveable *ild4 ,) ! p>5ts & p>ticul>ly ) ! "m he's involv$ ) ! greate/ affection4 f ,an ,ob]sekundan] is a pupil 9 sev5? ye> ( a ,g]man second>y s*ool4 ,gymnasium "h means second>y s*ool4 g ,n[1 almo/ #ag ye>s old1 he is an intellig5t1 "y man1 equipp$ ) an admirable memory1 full ( k2 a "y man easily gett+ notic$1 ori5t+1 :o1 al?\gh 9 8 way pref]r$ be=e 8 contempor>ies1 has prov5 to h a humble1 lovable nature4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,twelve ,,cases ,,new ,,to ,,lit]ature ,,conc]n+ ,,te/$ ,,*ildr5 ,,*apt] ,,f\r ,,*ild ,a ,*ild ,a is a boy1 born ,june #ah1 #aiad4 ,he 0 br\ght by 8 p>5ts to ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 9 ! latt] weeks ( #aibj1 = m5tal te/s4 ,?is 0 on ! advice ( ! pr9cipal ( ! s*ool ,a att5d$1 = ! boy 0 a s*ool problem4 ,he did n adju/ himself readily to ! "w ( ! classroom 9 ! second grade :]e he 0 at t "t plac$1 at ! age ( #f ye>s #f mon?s4 ,! s*ool _h f\nd ,a ready = "w beyond ! second grade 9 read+ & ari?metic1 b because ( 8 age & size x _h decid$ to place him 9 second grade4 ,! record made at t "t & subsequ5tly reads z foll[s3 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,a is desc5d$ f ,g]man ,jews on bo? sides ( 8 family4 ,8 p>5ts are n relat$ by blood s f> z c be kn[n4 ,he is ( ! ?ird g5]ation to be born 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! pat]nal gr&fa!r is liv+ #aibj & well1 a tailor by trade4 ,he is v h&y 9 mak+ helpful devices to use 9 8 %op4 ,! pat]nal gr&mo!r is liv+ #aibj & well1 a compet5t h\sewife1 :o has ev9c$ no noticeable intellectual int]e/s4 ,no dep5d5t or incompet5t relatives ( ! fa!r are kn[n4 ,x is usual = ! prog5itors 9 ! pat]nal bran* to die betwe5 ! ages ( #hj & #ajj ye>s4 ,! pat]nal great-gr&fa!rs ( ,a di$ ag$ #hf & #hi ye>s1 respectively4 ,! pat]nal great-gr&mo!rs bo? di$ at #dj ye>s4 ,! pat]nal great-great-gr&mo!rs di$ at #aja & #ajb ye>s1 respectively4 ,!re h be5 no con/itutional diseases 9 ! ance/ry4 ,a's fa!r has b "o sibl+1 ,a's pat]nal uncle1 :o is a successful d5ti/4 ,he m>ri$ a tea*]1 & has two "y daught]s1 ,a's c\s9s4 ,"o ( ^!1 ab\t #f mon?s old] ?an ,a1 has twice be5 te/$ by ,/an=d-,b9et1 h] ,,iq's be+ #agj &1 a ye> lat]1 #afa4 ,at ! age ( #h ye>s1 ?is girl _h rea*$ ! fif? grade 9 public s*ool4 ,%e n[ #aibj att5ds a special class organiz$ = *ildr5 ( h] age :o te/ ov] #aej ,,iq4 ,! o!r ( ^! c\s9s 0 te/$ by ,/an=d-,b9et on ,novemb] #i1 #aibc1 yield+ an ,,iq ( #abi4 ,^! two girls are ! only fir/ c\s9s ,a has4 ,a's mat]nal gr&fa!r is liv+ #aibj & well4 ,he is a clo? salesman1 b he has always seem$ dissatisfi$ ) ?is vocation4 ,he _h to g to "w at an e>ly age4 ,! mat]nal gr&mo!r is liv+ #aibj & well1 a compet5t h\sewife1 n especially int]e/$ 9 intellectual pursuits4 ,no dep5d5t or m5tally incompet5t relatives ( ! "m are kn[n4 ,all are self-su/a9+4 ,!re are no con/itutional diseases 9 ! mat]nal ance/ry4 ,x is usual = ! prog5itors on ! mat]nal side to die betwe5 ! ages ( #fj & #gj ye>s1 b "o ( ,a's mat]nal great-gr&mo!rs liv$ to ! age ( #ij ye>s4 ,a's "m has b "o sibl+1 ,a's mat]nal uncle1 a salesman1 :o is unm>ri$4 ,fa!r4 ,a's fa!r is a l>ge1 /rong man1 n[ foll[+ ! pr(ession ( organization eng9e]4 ,he is a high s*ool graduate & a graduate ( ,webb ,academy1 hold+ a diploma f ! latt] z m>9e eng9e] & m>9e ar*itect4 ,he has inv5t$ & pat5t$ a complete combu/ion furnace1 & has design$ a set ( torp$oes :i* 7 us$ 9 ! ,japanese-,russian w>4 ,dur+ ! w> ( #aiad-aiah1 he p>ticipat$ 9 ! developm5t ( a fleet de/roy]1 & design$ a boat sup]ior to previ\s models = transport+ nitrocellulose4 ,he made ! orig9al lay\t = "o ( ! l>ge/ /eel plants 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,8 rat+ on ,army ,alpha is #ahj po9ts4 ,8 grip is #gj kg4 9 ! "r h& & #fd kg4 9 ! left h& 7,sm$ley's dynamomet]74 ,he 0 #bi ye>s old :5 ,a 0 born4 ,"m4 ,a's "m 0 graduat$ f high s*ool at ! age ( #ah ye>s4 ,be=e m>riage %e 0 9 bus9ess1 z an executive 9 *>ge ( adv]tis+ = "o ( ! l>ge/ drug conc]ns 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,%e has h&l$ bus9ess affairs involv+ l>ge sums = a tobacco company4 ,%e also did "s newspap] "w4 ,=m]ly %e _h excell5t heal?1 b %e has n be5 entirely well s9ce ! bir? ( h] *ildr54 ,%e 0 #bg ye>s old :5 ,a 0 born4 ,notewor?y relatives4 ,9 ! pat]nal bran* ^! include c\s9s :o f\nd$ ! ,bank+ ,h\se ( ,tu*1 9 ,london4 ,! fa!r's mat]nal gr&fa!r 7,a's great-gr&fa!r71 a tailor1 devis$ & pat5t$ a union suit1 said to h be5 ! fir/ union suit4 ,he also inv5t$ an improv$ buckle = adju/+ m5's ve/s 9 ! back4 ,x 0 said ( him1 ,he 0 always try+ to inv5t ?+s4 ,notewor?y relatives ( ! "m include ! f\nd] ( ! ,lemaire ,optical ,goods firm4 ,?is firm has an int]national reputation = f9e l5ses4 ,a c\s9 ( ! "m is a judge4 ,ano!r relative 0 a lead] ( ,jewi% re=m movem5ts4 ,imm$iate family4 ,a is ! fir/-born *ild4 ,he has "o bro!r1 ?ree ye>s y\ng] ?an himself4 ,?is bro!r is l>ge1 /rong1 & h&some4 ,8 ,,iq on repeat$ te/s1 at int]vals ( a ye>1 has /ood at #ade1 #aeb1 #ade1 #afa4 ,he too displays ! special int]e/ 9 ma!matics :i* *>act]izes ,a4 ,= in/ance1 at ! age ( #e ye>s he set himself ! project ( c\nt+ all 8 foot/eps until he _h c\nt$ a million consecutive /eps4 ,?is project he c>ri$ out1 8 p>5ts submitt+ to ! num]\s inconv5i5ces incid5t to x4 ,! gr[? ( ?is bro!r af=ds an int]e/+ comp>ison ) t ( ,a1 s9ce we h "h two *ildr51 bo? ( extremely sup]ior intellig5ce1 ( ! same ance/ry1 & liv+ "u ! same s*ool & home conditions1 "o ( :om is nev]!less z sup]ior to ! o!r--9 t]ms ( ,,iq--z t o!r is sup]ior to ! av]age *ild4 ,,pres*ool ,,hi/ory ,! pres*ool hi/ory ( ,a has be5 elicit$ f ! p>5ts & f ! baby book kept by !m4 ,a 0 born at full t]m1 & ! bir? 0 normal 9 all respects4 ,he weigh$ #g p\nds #i ounces1 & 0 brea/ f$ = ! fir/ sev]al mon?s ( life4 ,he began to articulate words at #aj mon?s1 & at #ad mon?s c\ld pick out lett]s on ! typewrit] at comm&4 ,at #ab mon?s he c\ld say ! alphabet =w>d1 & at #af mon?s he c\ld say x backw>d z well4 ,8 p>5ts _h no idea t he c\ld rev]se ! alphabet until "o day he ann\nc$ t he 0 tir$ ( say+ ! lett]s =w>d & guess$ he w\ld say !m backw>d4 ,! concepts ( =w>d & backw>d _h ?us be5 develop$ by ! age ( #af mon?s4 ,at #ab mon?s he began spontane\sly to classify 8 blocks accord+ to ! %ape ( ! lett]s on !m1 putt+ ,v ,a ,m ,w ,n toge!r1 ,q ,p ,o ,g ,d toge!r1 & s =?4 ,?is love ( classify+ has rema9$ "o ( 8 out/&+ *>act]i/ics4 ,z an infant1 he w\ld = h\rs ?us amuse himself ) 8 alphabet blocks4 ,:5 #ah mon?s old he 0 able to c>ry out simple err&s involv+ n m ?an ?ree or f\r items4 ,by ! "t ,a 0 #cj mon?s old he c\ld copy all ! color$ designs possible ) 8 k9d]g>t5 blocks4 ,be=e ! age ( #c ye>s he enjoy$ rhymes1 & w\ld amuse himself rhym+ words toge!r4 ,f ! "t he 0 old en\gh to be tak5 out to walk1 he w\ld po9t out lett]s on billbo>ds & signs ) ke5 int]e/ & delight1 cry+1 ,oh1 see ,d6 ,!re's ,j1 ,"m6 ,!re's ,k & ,o6 ,also be=e ! age ( #c ye>s ,a object$ to /ories conta9+ gross absurdities4 ,= in/ance1 he reject$ ! /ory ( ! g+ham dog & ! calico cat :o ate ea* o!r up4 ,a po9t$ out t ?is c\ld n be1 because "o ( _! m\?s w\ld h to get eat5 up be=e ! o!r m\?1 & no m\? w\ld be left to eat t m\? up4 ,he 0 irritat$ by ?is obvi\s lapse f logic & reque/$ t ! /ory be read to him no m4 ,a le>n$ to read = himself dur+ ! ?ird ye> ( life1 & read flu5tly be=e he ent]$ s*ool4 ,! photograph 9 ,figure #a n includ$ %[s "o ( ,a's amusem5ts at ! age ( #aj mon?s--balanc+ & roll+ simultane\sly a l>ge ball betwe5 8 h&s & ano!r betwe5 8 feet z he lay on 8 back 9 8 crib4 ,?is activity illu/rates 8 p[] ( motor cord9ation 9 infancy1 & x is especially int]e/+ 9 connection ) ! errors ( judgm5t made by ,a's tea*]s to ! effect t ,a is bel[ av]age 9 control ( 8 body4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,*ild ,a ,,at ,,! ,,age ,,( #aj ,,mon?s4 ,,s*ool ,,hi/ory ,fir/ ye>4 ,a has always att5d$ private s*ools4 ,he />t$ s*ool at ! age ( #e ye>s1 9 ,philadelphia4 ,"h he 0 plac$ 9 ! k9d]g>t51 ?\gh ! "q 0 rais$ by tea*]s z to ! great] advisability ( placem5t 9 ! fir/ grade4 ,aft] a few mon?s 9 ?is s*ool ! family mov$ to ,new ,york1 :]e ,a ent]$ an excell5t private s*ool at ! age ( n q #f ye>s4 ,by ?is "t he _h develop$ _m num]ical processes by himself4 ,on "o occasion ! "m w5t to speak to ! tea*] reg>d+ ! advisability ( tea*+ su* advanc$ processes to s "y a *ild at s*ool1 & ! tea*] repli$ 9 great surprise t %e _h be5 on ! po9t ( ask+ ! p>5ts n to tea* s "y a *ild ^! matt]s4 ,second ye>4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aibj1 ,a ent]$ a private s*ool :i* he att5d$ = sev]al ye>s4 ,x 0 "h t he 0 consid]$ to be a s*ool problem4 ,x 0 recogniz$ t he 0 ready s*ola/ically = a grade mu* beyond 8 age & size4 ,z a compromise he 0 plac$ 9 ! second grade4 ,soon ! tea*] ( ! second grade advis$ t he be consid]$ = ! ?ird grade1 z he did n fit into second-grade "w4 ,!reupon he 0 br\ght to ,tea*]s ,college = educational guidance4 ,! report /at$ t ,a /ood f> ahead ( ! o!r second-grade *ildr5 9 read+ & ari?metic b t he 0 poor 9 c>ry+ out projects1 & did n seem int]e/$ 9 ! activities ( ! second grade4 ,aft] m5tal exam9ation ( ,a1 reveal+ an intellig5ce level ( #ab ye>s #b mon?s1 x 0 expla9$ t !re _h nev] be5 work$ out an e/abli%$ appropriate proc$ure = v>iants ( su* r>e occurr5ce4 ,! advice giv5 0 to place ,a 9 ! ?ird grade2 = al?\gh 8 ,m5tal ,age 0 !n m ?an #ab ye>s 78 physical age at ?is "t 0 #f ye>s #f mon?s71 _m ( ! #h-ye>-olds 9 ?is s*ool w\ld approximate ,a's m5tal capacity1 s9ce ! m$ian ,,iq ( ! pupils !re 0 ab\t #abj4 ,a 0 accord+ly plac$ 9 ! ?ird grade1 :]e he _h ! good =tune to meet a tea*] ( extraord9>y k & ability4 ,at ! end ( t ye> he 0 promot$ to ! f\r? grade4 ,?ird ye>4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aiba ,a 0 9 ! f\r? grade1 ) ! same tea*] he _h _h 9 ! ?ird grade4 ,outside ( s*ool h\rs he took special "w 9 sports & games ) a gr\p ( "y boys4 ,at ! end ( t ye> he 0 promot$ to ! fif? grade1 & plac$ 9 a special fif?-grade gr\p :i* _h be5 =m$ ( ! brighte/ *ildr5 ( ?is /atus 9 ! s*ool4 ,dur+ ?is "t a special ef=t 0 made to develop ,a 9 social activities & to int]e/ him 9 gr\p projects1 ) ! result t he became mu* m a memb] ( ! gr\p4 ,nev]!less1 he /ill lik$ to lie d[n on 8 back & look up at ! ceil+1 in/ead ( jo9+ common projects4 ,8 m9d (t5 seems to be miles away4 ,f\r? ye>4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aibb ,a 0 9 ! fif? grade1 compos$ ( ! special gr\p ref]r$ to above1 ) classmates ab\t two ye>s old] ?an himself1 ^: ,,iq's rang$ above #adj4 ,at ! end ( t ye> he 0 promot$ to ! six? grade1 at age #i ye>s4 ,he seem$ happy & cont5t$ dur+ 8 f\r? ye> 9 s*ool b display$ _m *>act]i/ics :i* might well try ! pati5ce ( any b a v wise tea*]4 ,! t5d5cy to become absorb$ 9 8 own l9e ( ?\ght cont9u$1 giv+ an impression at times ( indiff]5ce1 abs5t-m9d$ness1 & non-cop]ation4 ,also1 he 0 sl[ to take advice4 ,he decid$1 = in/ance1 n to le>n ,fr5*1 z he 0 n int]e/$ 9 x4 ,he p]si/$ 9 ?is attitude until x 0 cle>ly expla9$ to him t p :o g to college mu/ "k ,fr5*1 :]eupon he appli$ himself & le>n$ ! language4 ,! relative difficulty 9 h&writ+1 %opwork1 & o!r manual tasks :i* su* a *ild exp]i5ces 9 comp>ison ) old] classmates is also a problem = ! tea*]4 ,fif? ,ye>4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aibc ,a ent]$ ! six? grade4 ,he 0 at ?is "t #i ye>s old4 ,,judgm5ts ,,( ,,tea*]s ,tea*]s' judgm5ts ( ,a %[ ! usual disagreem5ts & errors4 ,8 sup]ior intellig5ce has be5 recogniz$ to "s ext5t by ne>ly all4 ,"o tea*]1 h[ev]1 has felt 8 sup]iority to be m]ely = read+ & ari?metic4 ,sev]al tea*]s h judg$ ,a to be inf]ior 9 respect to manual dext]ity & motor cord9ation1 =gett+ t _! comp>ison 0 bas$ always on old] *ildr51 ,a's classmates4 ,only "o tea*] bore ?is fallacy ( judgm5t 9 m9d 9 report+ h] e/imates4 ,= in/ance1 "o ( ! sup]visors :o _h obs]v$ ,a1 report$ t he 0 bel[ ! av]age *ild ( 8 age 9 p5man%ip4 ,a 0 !n #f ye>s old4 ,?is sup]visor seem$ n to recall t ! av]age *ild ( t age has no p5man%ip :atev]4 ,direct quotation f tea*]s' e/imates w be/ %[ h[ ,a has be5 apprais$4 ,he 0 q a desirable pupil1 & we %\ld h be5 glad to keep him4 ,f ! headma/] ( ! s*ool ,a fir/ ent]$4 ,?\gh ahead ( ! class 9 ari?metic & read+1 he reasons l a *ild ( #f4 ,he has undevelop$ judgm5t4 ,f a tea*]1 9 #aibj4 ,he seems to l ! ?ird grade1 & ! *ildr5 l him4 ,intellectually he is able to c>ry ! "w ( ! grade1 & :ile he is n yet v responsive 9 manual "w1 ,i ?9k he c ga9 ! muscul> control he ne$s "h z well z 9 a l[] grade4 ,he has made a spl5did ef=t 9 ! matt] ( p5man%ip4 ,he is /ill v imp]fectly adju/$ to ! s*ool situation1 b 9 "t w f9d himself able to meet ! requirem5ts1 ,i am sure4 ,f a report ( a classroom tea*]1 = ,febru>y #a to ,m>* #ah1 #aiba4 ,al?\gh ,a /ill has lapses ( inatt5tion dur+ class lessons1 9 g5]al he complies ) class requirem5ts & he has le>n$ to use 8 free "t )\t direction4 ,8 ga9 9 p5man%ip has be5 m>k$4 ,f report ( a classroom tea*]1 = ,m>* #ba to ,may #bg1 #aiba4 ,he is do+ well1 b ne$s h&work4 ,f report ( a special tea*]1 #aiba4 ,he is sl[ to take advice b has %[n big improvem5t ov] la/ t]m4 ,he seem$ to g ahead sudd5ly4 ,f report ( a special tea*]1 #aiba4 ,he has got little f ! playgr\nd4 ,doesn't get into ! game1 & is a trial to 8 mates4 ,f report ( a tea*] 9 *>ge ( playgr\nd1 #aiba4 ,manife/s consid]able musical ability4 ,lovely voice1 & true to pit*4 ,f report ( a music tea*]1 #aiba4 ,a is mak+ excell5t progress bo? socially & 9 8 "w4 ,mr4 ,w reports t 8 %opwork is good1 consid]+ 8 age1 & t x is improv+4 ,miss ,c says !re is cont9u$ improvem5t 9 art4 ,i f9d t 8 writ+ ( figures is improv+ m ?an writt5 ,engli%4 ,he does n l to write1 & is apt to neglect writt5 homework4 ,f report ( a classroom tea*]1 = ,novemb] #ag1 #aiba1 to ,janu>y #ca1 #aibb4 ,a is ! y\nge/ *ild 9 8 gr\p 7he is #g & 9 ! f\r? grade1 9 :i* ! av]age age is ab\t #i74 ,x is difficult to classify him 9 g5]al t]ms z ! fir/ 9 s*ola/ic /&+1 z he is ) a gr\p :i* numb]s n9e or t5 sup]ior *ildr5 ) ,,iq's runn+ f #adj to #age2 b 9 s*ola/ic /&+1 ) ! exception ( writt5 "w1 he is among ! be/4 ,if "o comp>es 8 age ) t ( ! o!rs1 8 ability is ( c\rse mo/ m>k$4 ,ev5 9 ?is gr\p he is conspicu\s = 8 accuracy & lucidity ( /atem5t & = ! cle> ?9k+ ?is indicates4 ,"o noticeable indication ( 8 intellig5ce is 8 ability to criticize 8 own concepts2 unless he und]/&s e detail ( a subject1 he does n consid] t he und]/&s x4 ,8 ability 9 academic "w seems well di/ribut$1 ?\gh /ronge/ 9 ma!matics4 ,= ?is grade he is m>k$ly l[ 9 art & indu/rial "w2 b he w\ld be av]age 9 second grade1 :]e 8 age w\ld "u ord9>y circum/ances place him4 ,8 arti/ic feel+ is all = music & lit]ature4 ,he is mod]ately int]e/$ 9 draw+1 b doesn't l model+ & does n want to draw unless x is = "s special purpose1 or because ev]ybody else is do+ s & x is ! social ?+ to d4 ,= example1 he has made po/]s & designs = holiday c>ds1 :i*1 :ile v crude1 _h an idea to express & 7 suitable = _! purpose4 ,he enjoys %opwork & "h does bett] te*nically ?an 9 o!r types ( h&work4 ,i ?9k he is r clumsy ) 8 h&s1 ev5 = 8 age1 ?\gh n mu* bel[ ! av]age *ild4 ,) 8 m5tal ability he c le>n to d any?+ 9 :i* 8 int]e/ is ar\s$4 ,?is ability to attack any sort ( problem is %[n 9 8 physical "w4 ,he makes an excell5t ef=t & compreh5ds :at is to be done1 b 9 bodily cord9ation1 9 muscul> /r5g?1 & 9 rhy?mic response he w\ld rank 9 ! l[] half ( a second grade4 ,f a specially reque/$ report ( a classroom tea*]1 ,june #bj1 #aibb4 ,9 %ort1 ,i am fully conv9c$ t ,a requires mo/ ( all tra9+ :i* w develop a prop] h>mony & rhy?m betwe5 m9d & body4 ,f ! report ( ! in/ructor 9 ! special boys' gr\p1 to :i* ,a belong$1 outside ( s*ool1 ,april #ai1 #aibb4 ,a's tea*]s seem to hold ! univ]sal op9ion t he is n do+ well 9 8 "w unless prodd$ or specially urg$4 ,x 0 to be expect$ t ! h&work1 su* z art & %opwork1 w\ld be h>d = him1 b he seems to d poor "w & at ! same "t to be entirely satisfi$ ) x1 8 tea*]s say4 ,miss ,b f9ds he is n an obs]v] ( nature1 b r incl9$ to tell :at he has read 9 books4 ,h[ev]1 on ! academic side1 9 ,fr5* & ! regul> classroom /udies1 he seems to require ! same prodd+4 ,8 sleep9ess & inatt5tion are q m>k$ at times4 ,:5 ar\s$1 ,i f9d him capable ( good ?9k+1 & excell5t memory "w4 ,i h be5 afraid to ov]/imulate him1 b 9 ord] to accompli% ! "w ( ! fif? grade cr$itably we mu/ develop 9 him m ( a feel+ ( responsibility on 8 own acc\nt4 ,8 immaturity %[s r cle>ly 9 "s ( ^! respects4 ,( c\rse 8 "w is m ?an pass+1 because ( ! f9e cop]ation at home & 8 own vigor\s response :5 suffici5tly urg$4 ,f a report ( a classroom tea*]1 = ,septemb] #ah1 #aibb1 to ,janu>y #ca1 #aibc4 ,x is /ill a problem to get ,a to make contributions to ! "w ( ! class4 ,8 m9d works along l9es ( special int]e/ at ! "t4 ,al?\gh urg$ by ! p>5ts to pu% ,a a little h>d]1 ,i h hesitat$ to d mu* urg+4 ,"o fe>s to /imulate unduly4 ,& yet ,i f9d t ,a is le>n+ 9 _m ways all ! "t4 ,!re are /ill1 ( c\rse1 "s def9ite ne$s4 ,mr4 ,p reports no m>k$ improvem5t on ! physical side4 ,h[ev]1 on ! side ( p>ticipation 9 ! sports ( ! gr\p1 ,i f9d a great improvem5t 9 ,a4 ,he appe>s to be enjoy+ himself dur+ a ball game1 & ev5 cat*es a ball occasionally4 ,miss ,b says %e hopes t ,a w h "s real c\ntry & nature dur+ ! summ]4 ,he ne$s a *ance to roam & ?9k & obs]ve = himself r ?an to le>n facts f books or o!r p4 ,9 ! ,fr5* class 8 int]e/ & attitude h improv$4 ,f report ( a classroom tea*]1 = ,febru>y #a to ,june #ae1 #aibc1 on ! occasion ( ,a's promotion to ! six? grade4 ,^! rem>ks f tea*]s br+ cle>ly to notice "s ( ! difficulties 9 adju/m5t to s*ool proc$ure :5 a *ild has a #ab-ye>-old capacity = ?9k+ & ! body ( a #g- or #h-ye>-old1 comb9$ ) ! life ( a #f-ye>-old4 ,motor control is1 ( c\rse1 f> beh9d ab/ract ?9k+2 writ+ is sl[ & feeble1 :ile read+ is rapid & flu5t2 %opwork is poor b ari?metic is excell5t2 he c surpass #h- & #i-ye>-olds--ev5 ^? ( sup]ior intellig5ce--9 ! classroom1 b 9 play+ ) !m he _c cat* a ball & is always ! la/ to be select$ :5 sides *oose up1 because he is a h&icap 9 any playgr\nd competitions4 ,f ^! rem>ks & e/imates x is also easy to see h[ su* a *ild may provoke adv]se comm5ts f tea*]s1 may be f\nd unsuit$ to s*ool organization1 & ev5tually ev5 be reput$ /upid or fooli%4 ,=tunately = ,a1 mo/ ( 8 tea*]s h _h unusual tra9+ & h be5 rigidly select$1 besides1 = insight & p]sonality4 ,if y h read ,edison's biography1 y w recall t "u tea*]s less highly select$ "y ,?omas did n get on 9 s*ool1 0 reg>d$ z fooli%1 & ev5tually 0 remov$ f s*ool by 8 "m1 :o educat$ him at home1 %e h]self be+ a tea*]4 ,^! difficulties ( discrepancy betwe5 m5tal developm5t & physical developm5t are se5 to be greate/ 9 ! e>lie/ ye>s ( *ildhood4 ,! judgm5ts %[ t z ,a grew f 8 six? bir?day to 8 n9? bir?day1 he became less & less conspicu\s 9 8 poor p5man%ip & 9 8 inaptitude at games4 ,,m5tal ,,measurem5ts ,g5]al intellig5ce te/s ( ,a h be5 made z foll[s3 ,,date ,,bir?day ,,/an=d-,,b9et ,,army ,,alpha ,,age ,,( ,a ,,ma ,,iq ,,po9ts ,a ,norm ,a ,norm ,a ,norm ,dec4 #cj1 #aibj #f-f #ab-b #f-f #ahg #ajj 7,n giv57 ,jan4 #b1 #aibb #g-f #ad-d #g-f #aia #ajj #gf #j 7,=m #e7 ,apr4 #bb1 #aibb #a #g-aj #ad-h #g-aj #ahg #ajj 7,n giv57 ,feb4 #bb1 #aibc #h-h 7,n giv57 #ie #j 7,=m #g7 #b ,me*anical skill4 ,on ,janu>y1 #b1 #aibb 7ag$ #g ye>s #f mon?s71 ,a 0 giv5 ! ,/5qui/ ,assembl+ ,te/s ( ,g5]al ,me*anical ,ability & he made a score ( #g po9ts only4 ,he c\ld tell :at me*anisms 7 to be con/ruct$ f ! mat]ials 9 five out ( ! t5 in/ances1 b he 0 n h&y en\gh to put !m toge!r4 7,! te/ dep5ds v mu* ^u size & /r5g? ( h&s & ^u ! degree to :i* motor cord9ation is develop$4 ,"y *ildr51 !re=e1 ( :atev] degree ( intellig5ce1 are unable to succe$ 9 x74 ,musical s5sitivity4 ,on ,febru>y #bb1 #aibc1 ,sea%ore's ,te/s ( ,musical ,s5sitivity yield$ results z foll[s1 us+ ! figures = eigh?-grade *ildr5 = comp>ison1 because ( ,a's ,m5tal ,age3 ,,te/ ,,p]c5tile 7,,eigh? ,,grade7 ,,p]c5tile 7,,adults7 ,a ,a',s ,,fa!r ,consonance ,bel[ #bg? #cf? ,pit* #ia/ #ha/ ,int5sity #da/ #bf? ,"t ,bel[ #ag? #gh? ,tonal memory #gj? #i? ,design4 ,on ,janu>y #b1 #aibb1 ! exam9] made ! foll[+ note 9 ref]5ce to ,a's p]=mance ) ,milton ,bradley color cubes 7) :i* he always asks to play :5 he comes to ! laboratory73 ,! *ild c con/ruct ! mo/ complicat$ designs ) ,milton ,bradley's color cubes 9 less ?an ?ree m9utes ea*1 f memory--! design be+ expos$ to vision & /udi$ = "o m9ute4 ,?ree colors are involv$--r$1 blue1 yell[1 & :ite4 ,,traits ,,( ,,"* ,a has n be5 rat$ by any scale = traits ( "* z1 = in/ance1 7 ! *ildr5 report$ by ,t]man4 ,!re are at h& only /atem5ts by p]sons :o "k ,a4 ,! p>5ts bo? say t ,a has no tr\blesome traits ( "* except a t5d5cy to fail to take 8 own "p 9 a fight4 ,if a *ild /rikes him1 he (t5 does n /rike back b simply does no?+4 ,8 p>5ts feel t ?is indicates a lack ( give & take t is ess5tial to gett+ along 9 ! _w4 ,! p>5ts describe him z especially hone/1 tru?ful1 reliable1 affectionate1 k9d1 g5]\s1 & mode/1 ) /rong control ( 8 emotions4 ,traits ( ,a :i* are faulty f ! po9t ( view ( tea*]s are abs5tm9d$ness1 lack ( int]e/ 9 gr\p activities1 untid9ess1 & ob/9acy4 ,"o tea*] e/imat$ him z a little bit selfi%4 ,! desirable traits mo/ (t5 m5tion$ by tea*]s are k9dl9ess1 amiability1 affection1 good humor1 retic5ce1 & precision 9 treat+ ! data ( ?\ght4 ,! foll[+ are quotations f tea*]s3 ,i am s sorry ab\t ,a's coat4 ,i laid x on 8 desk1 z he 0 cook+ :5 x came4 4 4 4 ,evid5tly he didn't notice x on 8 desk :5 he came 9 lat]4 ,kn[+ ,a's abs5t-m9d$ habits1 ,i ought to h call$ 8 att5tion to ! coat4 ,a is n neat nor ord]ly4 ,a /ill has lapses ( inatt5tion dur+ class lessons4 ,he is sl[ to take advice4 ,he is affectionate & k9dly1 :ile n ov]-demon/rative4 ,! class 9 :i* he has be5 = a ye> & ?ree mon?s 0 sl[ 9 accept+ him1 b n[ !y appreciate 8 intellect & 8 good humor1 & treat him ) ! k9dly tol]ance ( old] bro!rs & si/]s4 ,a responds to ?is attitude well & loves to fool & frolic ) ! o!rs1 some:at kitt5 fa%ion4 ,9 ! goal ball games he wants to play ?\gh he is simply a figurehead1 & he kn[s en\gh to obey ! rules & n get 9 anyone's way4 ,9 work+ ) a gr\p1 ,a is incl9$ ei!r to be dictatorial or to insi/ ^u do+ ev]y?+ himself4 ,?is may be because ( y\? or because he sees s cle>ly :at is to be done1 b ,i ?9k he is a little selfi% & ob/9ate4 ,a is a v lovable *ild ) a t5d] he>t & a good deal ( emotional capacity1 g5]ally kept hidd51 s he is n difficult to manage4 ,x is difficult1 h[ev]1 to make him assume responsibilities ab\t mat]ial or "w :i* is irksome1 su* z writ+1 & he is v untidy4 ,x has be5 a pleasure to h ,a 9 my class4 ,he has be5 fri5dly & pleasant 9 8 relations ) 8 tea*]s z well z ) 8 classmates4 ,! physician :o att5d$ ,a :5 8 ankle 0 twi/$ 9 an accid5t 7m5tion$ lat] 9 ?is acc\nt7 rat$ him v high = c\rage4 ,! "* traits :i* h /ood out repeat$ly & mo/ noticeably 9 ! c\rse ( visits to ! laboratory = m5tal te/s appe> to ! pres5t writ] to be amiability1 retic5ce1 emotional control 9 ! face ( mi%aps 7su* z fall+ (f a *air 9 a /range place & bump+ 8 head sev]ely71 & ob/9acy 9 pursuit ( 8 plans & activities4 ,he does n seek advice1 & does n take x readily4 ,he is easily bor$ by unnecess>y repetitions ( matt] once pres5t$4 ,= in/ance1 9 c]ta9 m5tal te/s1 :]e ! /&>d proc$ure dem&s t ! same "q be ask$ sev]al times 7,/an=d-,b9et fables1 ,:at lesson does t tea* u871 ,a grew m & m re/ive at ea* repetition1 & f9ally said1 ,we don't ne$ t e "t1 d we8 ,! nickname is an important datum 9 e/imat+ a *ild4 ,a's nickname among ! *ildr5 at s*ool is ,sleep+ ,beauty4 ,?is "n 0 giv51 ! tea*] ?9ks1 because ( ,a's ab/raction & because he 0 nev] ready 9 games4 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts ,,& ,,heal? ,physique measurem5ts4 ,! foll[+ measurem5ts 7 made by ! pres5t writ]1 us+ ! /&>d scales & /adiomet] ( ! ,tea*]s ,college ,laboratory4 ,! measurem5t ( cranial circumf]5ce 0 made ) a re9=c$ fabric tape4 ,,"p #a ,,( #b ,,date ,,wt4 ,,ht4 7,,/&41 7,,lbs47 ,,947 ,a ,norm ,a ,norm ,jan4 #a1 #aiba #ef4j #dd4h #dh4j #df4f ,sep4 #ag1 #aiba #c #eh4j #abh cm ,jan4 #b1 #aibb #ff4e #ea4g #ej4c #dh4c ,feb4 #bb1 #aibc #fh4g #ee4i #eb4g #ej4a ,,"p #b ,,( #b ,,ht4 7,,/&41 ,,ht4 ,,ht4-,,wt4 ,,cranial ,,947 7,,sit41 ,,947 ,,coeff4 ,,cir4 7,,947 ,a ,norm ,a ,a ,norm ,a #dh4j #df4f #be4e #a4ja 4#if #abh cm #ej4c #dh4c #bf4e #a4bf #a4jg #eb4g #ej4a #bh4a #a4bd #a4ab #ba4c ,9 ! case ( ! measurem5ts made 9 clo?+1 subtract+ 4#e in*1 ! height ( heels1 f /&+ height1 & #d p\nds = clo?+ f weight1 we see t 9 all measurem5ts ( physique tak51 ,a decid$ly exce$s ,baldw9's norms = ! select$ *ildr5 9 good private s*ools4 ,grip measurem5ts4 ,grip 9 ! h& has be5 repeat$ly measur$ ) ,sm$ley's dynamomet]1 ) ! foll[+ results3 ,,grip 7,,kg47 ,,date ,"r ,h& ,left ,h& ,a ,norm ,a ,norm ,janu>y #a1 #aiba #ac4j #aj4j #aj4j #i4j ,febru>y #bb1 #aibc #af4j #ac4j #ad4j #ab4j ,! sup]ior size ( ,a is1 !re=e1 accompani$ by sup]ior /r5g? ( h&4 ,gr[? curves ( ,a & 8 bro!r comp>$4 ,9 ! case ( ,a & 8 "y bro!r1 we h two boys ( ! same ance/ry1 liv+ 9 ! same s*ool & home environm5t1 bo? fall+ into ! highe/ "o p] c5t ( ! population z respects intellig5ce1 yet v widely sep>at$ 9 t]ms ( ,,iq4 ,! repeat$ measurem5ts %[ t ! *ildr5 d n become ei!r m alike or m diff]5t z "t passes1 b t ea* rema9s a con/ant1 ma9ta9+ a /atic relation%ip to ! o!r 9 m9d & body4 ,! pressure ( ! simil> environm5t does n br+ !m clos] toge!r 9 ability4 ,n]v\s /ability4 ,! sup]visor :o judg$ ,a's p5man%ip to be inf]ior to t ( ! av]age *ild ( #f ye>s1 also int]pret$ ?is difficulty 9 writ+ to be a symptom ( n]v\sness1 especially :5 consid]$ 9 connection ) 8 ab/raction & g5]al maladju/m5t to "w ( ! second grade4 ,= ?is reason ! p>5ts obta9$ /atem5ts f two physicians :o knew ,a well1 z to ! *ild's n]v\s /ability4 ,! physician :o remov$ ,a's tonsils wrote z foll[s3 ,i am glad to /ate t he is z free f any n]v\s /igmata z is possible = any *ild ( 8 age4 ,because ( 8 brightness1 he 0 treat$ z an old] *ild be=e 8 tonsil op]ation1 & :at 0 ab\t to be done 0 expla9$ to him1 & he und]w5t ! ane/hesia 9 a p]fectly natural mann]4 ,8 convalesc5ce 0 unusually rapid1 & at no "t did he %[ ! slighte/ indication ( any neurosis4 ,f c>eful obs]vation ,i c tru?fully say t ,a w\ld pass ! sev]e/ te/s1 & %[ no abnormality4 ,! o!r physician wrote3 ,at ! "t ,i exam9$ ,a 9 #aiag ,i f\nd no neuropa?ic /igmata4 ,9 fact1 he impress$ me z a boy :o 0 r well develop$ physically4 ,by physically ,i mean inclusive ( 8 n]v\s sy/em4 ,a's p>5ts rate him z well balanc$4 ,! pres5t writ] w\ld rate him z f> above ! av]age *ild ( 8 ye>s 9 n]v\s /ability4 ,organic condition4 ,physical exam9ations reveal no defect except a s]i\s degree ( progressive myopia4 ,to correct ?is1 glasses are worn & ! use ( eyes is limit$4 ,m$ical hi/ory4 ,a has always be5 heal?y4 ,he has nev] be5 subject to a *ronic disord]4 ,he sleeps well & has a keep appetite = food4 ,z an infant !re 0 nev] any tr\ble 9 fe$+ him4 ,he cri$ v little1 & 0 easy to c>e =4 ,:5 he 0 #c ye>s #f mon?s old he 0 almo/ run ov] by an automobile1 b escap$ ) a twi/$ ankle4 ,aft] t1 = ab\t a ye>1 he _h a s]ies ( boils4 ,at ! age ( #e ye>s ,a 0 ?reat5$ ) a ma/oid infection & ! drum ( 8 "r e> 0 pi]c$1 lib]at+ a l>ge quantity ( pus4 ,he>+ 0 n1 h[ev]1 impair$4 ,ad5oids & tonsils 7 remov$ at ! age ( #f ye>s4 ,^! _h nev] be5 especially tr\blesome1 b ! p>5ts decid$ on ! op]ation because ,a brea!d ?r\gh ! m\?4 ,he has n _h *ildr5's diseases1 & except = ! incid5ts n>rat$1 8 m$ical hi/ory is negative4 ,,miscellane\s ,,*>act]i/ics ,div]sions4 ,at ! age ( #e to #f ye>s ,a _h mu* difficulty 9 play+ ) *ildr5 ( 8 own age because he c\ld n be satisfi$ ) play involv+ m]ely s5sory /imulation & diffuse motor activity4 ,he always tri$ to div] ! play to "s plann$ end1 to organize x1 9 ways n appreciat$ by o!rs ( 8 age4 ,:5 he 0 #f ye>s old1 boys ( #ab to #ad ye>s ( age 7 pref]r$ by ,a z playmates1 & he w\ld jo9 !m :5ev] !y w\ld accept 8 company4 ,h[ev]1 he _h & cont9u$ to h *ums ( approximately 8 own age4 ,at ! age ( #f ye>s #f mon?s ,a's favorite div]sions 7 read+1 play+ games ( intellectual skill 7l geographical ,lotto71 & play+ 9 s& 7build+74 ,at ! age ( #h ye>s #h mon?s 8 favorite div]sions 7 read+1 *ess1 & p9o*le4 ,imag9>y l&4 ,at ! age ( #c to #f ye>s ,a _h an imag9>y l& :i* he call$ ,c5t] ,l&4 ,?is fantasy appe>s to h />t$ :5 8 bro!r 0 born4 ,:5 ?is ev5t occurr$ ,a ask$ j h[ x happ5$4 ,8 "m !reupon gave him ! real physiological facts4 ,to ^! he made no imm$iate comm5t4 ,sev]al days lat] he said he _h no d\bt 8 bro!r did come into ! _w 9 j t way1 b t he1 ,a1 did n4 ,he1 ,a1 orig9at$ 9 ,c5t] ,l&1 :]e he *ose 8 fa!r & "m4 ,!reaft]1 ! imag9>y l& develop$ rapidly4 ,9 ?is l& *ildr5 /ay$ up all night4 ,!y c\ld play ) fire :5ev] !y wi%$4 ,he liv$ !re 9 a hundr$ /ory h\se1 ) an elevator he c\ld run by himself4 ,two playmates1 ,ka?>9e & ano!r *ild1 liv$ !re also4 ,by ! age ( #f1 ?is imag9>y c\ntry _h almo/ ceas$ to engage him1 & at ! age ( #i he no long] ?9ks ( x4 ,religi\s exp]i5ces4 ,betwe5 ! ages ( #f & #h ye>s 7,m5tal ,ages #ab to #ae ye>s7 ,a became v religi\s4 ,pray] 0 reg>d$ z extremely sacr$1 & ,god 0 mu* rev]5c$4 ,n[1 at ! age ( #i ye>s 7,m5tal ,age beyond ! limits ( ord9>y maturity71 he is no long] se5 to devote himself to ^! obs]vations4 ,c>e] ideas4 ,at ! age ( #f ye>s #f mon?s ,a want$ to become an eye doctor4 ,i l to t5d to "m's eye4 ,i l to t5d to p's eyes4 ,at ! age ( #h ye>s #h mon?s1 9 answ] to ! "q1 ,:at w y be :5 y gr[ up8 ,a repli$1 ,i w d some?+ ) ari?metic 9 x2 :atev] has ! mo/ ma!matics 9 x4 ,read+ int]e/s4 ,to ! "q1 ,:at d y l to read8 ,a gave ! foll[+ responses3 7,age #f ye>s #f mon?s7 ,true books1 l ,! ,fall ( ,j]usalem-- t's ! be/ "o1 & ,burgess ,animal ,books1 ,burgess ,bird ,books1 ,our ,fir/ ,flag1 ,! ,arabian ,nights4 7,age #h ye>s #h mon?s7 ,books ab\t p :o really liv$4 ,a has always pref]r$ books ( fact to books ( fancy--true books1 z he call$ !m2 b n[ he enjoys fairy tales m ?an he did :5 he 0 y\ng]4 ,?is may be because ! fact beh9d ! fancy n[ makes a /rong] appeal4 ,! foll[+ li/ repres5ts six mon?s' read+1 f ! age ( #g ye>s #j mon?s to #g ye>s #f mon?s1 "s ( ! books be+ read to ,a1 to r$uce eye/ra94 #d ,on ,plym\? ,rock ,s4 ,a4 ,drake ,f\r ,great ,am]icans ,j4 ,baldw9 ,/ories ( ,new ,york ,a4 ,t4 ,lov]+ ,! ,*ildr5's ,city ,e4 ,s+leton ,! ,burgess ,bird ,book ,?ornton ,burgess ,! ,burgess ,animal ,book ,! ,empire ,/ate ,j4 ,w4 ,r$way ,ar\nd ! ,_w ) ! ,*ildr5 ,f4 ,g4 ,c>p5t] ,ea/ o' ! ,sun & ,we/ o' ! ,moon ,g4 ,w4 ,das5t ,miles ,/&i% ,h4 ,w4 ,longfell[ ,! ,wreck ( ! ,hesp]us ,h4 ,w4 ,longfell[ ,fables ,bulf9* ,aesop's ,fables ,tales & ,tea*+s f ! ,p5tateu* ,m4 ,m4 ,joseph ,! ,little ,gray ,gr&mo!r ,c>olyn ,s4 ,bailey ,/ories ( ! ,bible ,l\ise ,m4 ,pleasanton ,! ,pi$ ,pip] ( ,hamel9 ,r4 ,br[n+ ,tanglewood ,tales ,n4 ,haw?orne ,fir/ ,jungle ,book ,r4 ,kipl+ ,second ,jungle ,book ,r4 ,kipl+ ,poems ,j4 ,w4 ,riley ,poems ,eug5e ,field ,poems ,r4 ,l4 ,/ev5son ,! ,wond] ,book ( ,k ,! ,blue ,bird ,m4 ,maet]l9ck ,hi/oric ,boyhoods ,r4 ,s4 ,holl& ,! ,fri5dly ,/>s ,m4 ,e4 ,m>t9 ,?is li/ gives an idea ( ! read+ pref]5ces ( ,a1 at ! age ( #g ye>s4 ,)9 ! ye> foll[+1 ! pref]5ce = biography & autobiography develop$4 ,int]e/ 9 a/ronomy4 ,because o!r v "y *ildr5 ( m ?an #ahj ,,iq kn[n to ! pres5t writ] _h be5 especially int]e/$ 9 a/ronomy--p>ticul>ly ,*ild ,e--x 0 desir$ to obs]ve :at w\ld be ! reaction ( ,a if k ( a/ronomy 7 made accessible to him4 ,books :i* _h int]e/$ ,*ild ,e at ! age ( #f to #g ye>s 7 !re=e made accessible to ,a4 ,he at once became int]e/$ 9 ! heav5ly bodies & _! movem5ts4 ,t5d5cy to classify & diagram4 ,a's love ( classify+-- fir/ not$ at ! age ( ab\t #ab mon?s--is a conspicu\s *>act]i/ic4 ,he classifies ev5ts1 objects1 names1 numb]s1 & o!r data ( exp]i5ce4 ,he c ?9k 9 t]ms ( diagrams & sometimes draws a diagram to cl>ify or cond5se 8 mean+4 ,lightn+ calculation4 ,a's ke5e/ intellectual int]e/ is probably 9 numb]s1 & he has respond$ v readily to 8 fa!r's in/ruction 9 %ort-cut me?ods ( calculation4 ,by ,m>*1 #aibb1 he c\ld v quickly squ>e any numb] up to #ajj2 multiply any two numb]s ( a sum n to exce$ #bjj2 squ>e any numb] up to #ajjj end+ 9 #e su* z #hfe1 #ice1 etc472 squ>e any numb] up to #aj1jjj1 end+ 9 #ee or 9 #eee2 solve problems 9 proportion1 su* z #i 3 #ba 33 #ba 3 x1 #h #db 33 x #ba1 #h 3 #i 33 #aj 3 x1 subtract ! squ>e ( "o numb] end+ 9 #e f ! squ>e ( ano!r numb] end+ 9 #e1 :]e ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two numb]s is #aj1 or #bj1 or #cj 7e4g41 #bbee or #bbde or #ccde or #ccbe74 ,also at t age he c\ld calculate s]ies ( op]ations1 ?us3 ,take #b1 squ>e x1 squ>e t1 divide by #d1 cube x1 add #ag1 take ! squ>e root1 add #g1 squ>e x1 squ>e x1 give ! result1 8 calculations tak+ ab\t five seconds ea*4 ,,editor',s ,,supplem5t ,! au?or's orig9al write-up ( ,*ild ,a ends ) ! above1 writt5 e>ly 9 #aibc4 ,f records 9 ! au?or's files ! foll[+ fur!r data conc]n+ lat] developm5t may be add$3 ,decemb] #bf1 #aibc ,,age3 #i ye>s #f mon?s ,,s*ool ,,grade3 ,six? ,,te/ ,,record3 ,giv5 ,/an=d-,b9et by ,l4 ,s4 ,h4 ) ,m5tal ,age ( #af-aa4 ,?is w\ld give ,,iq #agh1 b ! comm5t is made1 ,c no long] be measur$ by ,/an=d-,b9et4 ,on ?is day also giv5 ,army ,alpha1 ) a score ( #abh po9ts1 ?is be+ ! score assign$ to *ronological age #ag ye>s #h mon?s4 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts3 ,/&+ height #ed4b in*es ,sitt+ height #bg4i in*es ,weight #gd4c p\nds ,head circumf]5ce #ba4e in*es ,"r grip #ad1 #ag1 #ah ,left grip #ad1 #ab1 #ad ,,tea*]s' ,,reports4 7,private s*ool1 ,septemb] #bb-;,decemb] #ai1 #aibd7 ,a's reports %[ t he has atta9$ high cr$it 9 ma!matics & hi/ory2 l[ cr$it 9 ,fr5*1 %opwork1 art1 music1 & physical tra9+2 av]age cr$it 9 o!r subjects4 ,8 writt5 "w %[s improvem5t4 ,he pres5ts ! usual problem ( ! unadju/$4 ,!re is n[ m al]tness 9 8 mann]1 b /ill a lack ( ! w to d "w because x is a gr\p dem&4 ,some?+ m ( maturity has come to him ) 8 great] fre$om4 ,he has />t$ ! manual-tra9+ problem ) "s s5se ( self-discipl9e4 ,if he w n[ attack 8 "w ) ! m5tal grip ( :i* he mu/ be capable1 & give to ! gr\p ! b5efit ( 8 ability1 x w be a joy to h him among u4 ,decemb] #bb1 #aibd ,,age3 #aj ye>s #f mon?s ,,s*ool ,,grade3 ,sev5? ,,te/ ,,record3 ,on ,/an=d-,b9et1 pass$ #d ( ! #f ,sup]ior ,adult ,te/s1 fail+ on ,te/s #a & #d4 ,alpha score1 #aff po9ts4 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts3 ,/&+ height #ef4b in*es ,sitt+ height #bi4d in*es ,weight #hj4e p\nds ,head circumf]5ce #ba4e in*es ,"r grip #ah1 #ah1 #af ,left grip #ai1 #ag1 #ae ,decemb] #bb1 #aibe ,,age3 #aa ye>s #f mon?s ,,s*ool ,,grade3 ,eigh? ,,te/ ,,record3 ,pass$ all te/s on ,sup]ior ,adult level1 ,/an=d-,b9et4 ,took two =ms ( ,army ,alpha4 ,=m #g1 #afb po9ts1 & on ,=m #e1 #afh po9ts4 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts3 ,norm ,/&+ height #eh4a in*es #ef4g in*es ,sitt+ height #bi4d in*es ,weight #hh4h p\nds #ge4e p\nds ,head circumf]5ce #ba4g in*es ,novemb] #ah1 #aibf ,,age3 #ab ye>s #e mon?s ,,te/ ,,record3 ,score on ,army ,alpha1 #age po9ts ,,physical ,,measurem5ts3 ,norm ,/&+ height #fj4j in*es #eg4h in*es 79 %oes7 ,sitt+ height #cj4j in*es ,weight 7)\t coat7 #ic4j p\nds #hd4f p\nds ,janu>y #ab1 #aibi ,,age3 #ad ye>s #g mon?s ,,s*ool ,,grade3 ,?ird ,ye> ,high ,s*ool ,,te/ ,,record3 ,score on ,army ,alpha1 #aid po9ts ,,physical ,,measurem5ts3 ,norm ,/&+ height #fd4b in*es #fb4b in*es ,sitt+ height #cb4e in*es ,weight 7clo!d7 #aah p\nds #ih4i p\nds 7/ripp$7 #aad p\nds ,octob]1 #aibi1 to ,febru>y1 #aicj ,,s*ool ,,grades3 ,engli% ,lit]ature ,c ,engli% ,composition ,c ,g]man ,b- ,geometry ,b ,trigonometry ,b ,sci5ce ,b ,janu>y & ,june1 #aica ,,age3 #af ye>s #f mon?s to #ag ye>s ,,s*ool ,,grade3 ,n[ a fre%man 9 college ,,te/ ,,record3 ,0 giv5 ,,cavd te/1 ,levels ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 ,p1 ,q1 at two diff]5t sitt+s--"o 9 ,janu>y1 ! o!r 9 ,june4 ,score #dbb po9ts4 7,accord+ to available in=mation #djj po9ts is twelf?-grade college entrance score 9 high-type colleges1 :ile #dba po9ts is ! upp] qu>tile score ( c&idates = advanc$ degrees 9 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ! m$ian be+ #dae47 ,janu>y #bj1 #aicb ,at ! age ( #ag ye>s #g mon?s1 9 ! ?ird ye> ( college1 he scor$ #bjd po9ts on ,army ,alpha1 ,=m #h1 a score made only by ! top "o p] c5t ( college juniors1 s5iors1 & graduate /ud5ts4 ,novemb] #bc1 #aici ,notice 0 receiv$ ( ,a's m>riage4 #a ,demon/ration te/ be=e a class ( tea*]s4 #b ,! score ( #ie po9ts on ,army ,alpha1 ,=m #g1 on ,febru>y #bb1 #aibc1 corresponds to a m5tal level ( #af ye>s1 #j mon?s by ,/an=d-,b9et4 ,?is 7if translatable into ,,iq7 w\ld result 9 an ,,iq ( #ahd4 #c ,measurem5ts 7 made )\t clo?+1 by ,dr4 ,h]man ,s*w>tz4 #d ,! ,burgess books _h be5 read (t5 be=e4 ,,*apt] ,,five ,,*ild ,b ,*ild ,b is a girl1 born ,novemb] #be1 #aiab4 ,%e 0 discov]$ 9 a private s*ool 9 ! c\rse ( a sy/ematic survey made by ,dr4 ,e4 ,h4 ,malh]be1 :o 0 at ! "t a graduate /ud5t at ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,to ,dr4 ,malh]be ! pres5t writ] is indebt$ = introduction to ?is *ild1 & also = data on fir/ te/s z well z = o!r in=mation4 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,*ild ,b is desc5d$ f colonial settl]s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,h] ance/ors came *iefly f ! ,briti% ,isles1 z set =? 9 h] family hi/ory4 ,h] p>5ts are n relat$ by blood s f> z c be kn[n4 ,! pat]nal gr&fa!r 0 ( ,engli% desc5t2 ! pat]nal gr&mo!r ( ,iri% desc5t4 ,no dep5d5t or incompet5t relatives ( ! fa!r are kn[n4 ,all are self-su/a9+4 ,! mat]nal gr&fa!r 0 ( ,iri%-,spani% blood4 ,! mat]nal gr&mo!r 0 ( ,iri% desc5t4 ,no incompet5t or dep5d5t relatives are kn[n4 ,fa!r4 ,*ild ,b's fa!r 0 born 9 ,v]mont & 0 #db ye>s old :5 ,b 0 born4 ,he is a high s*ool graduate & a graduate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,milit>y ,academy at ,we/ ,po9t4 ,he pass$ ! entrance exam9ations = ! latt] in/itution at ! age ( #af ye>s & 0 at t "t ! y\nge/ /ud5t ev] admitt$ to ! ,academy4 ,he has held po/s ( extraord9>y tru/ 9 ! pursuit ( 8 pr(ession1 & is at ! "t ( ?is writ+ an (fic] ( high rank 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,"m4 ,*ild ,b's "m is a graduate ( a ,ca?olic p>o*ial high s*ool & ( ! ,college ( ,m\nt ,/4 ,v9c5t4 ,%e 0 m>ri$ at an e>ly age & h] c>e] has be5 t ( h\sewife & "m1 no pr(ession hav+ be5 foll[$ previ\s to m>riage4 ,al?\gh %e is ! "m ( sev5 *ildr5 & mi/ress ( a l>ge h\sehold1 ,b's "m f\nd "t to att5d c\rses 9 law & economics at ,columbia ,univ]sity :ile ! family liv$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,%e 0 #ci ye>s old :5 ,b 0 born4 ,notewor?y relatives4 ,relatives ( note 9 ! pat]nal bran* include ,b's great-gr&fa!r1 :o 0 a physician1 f\nd] ( ! ,v]mont ,academy ( ,m$ic9e 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & a pr(essor ( surg]y !re4 ,!re are also among relatives an admiral ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy1 #a a physician ( wide reputation1 a comm&] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy1 #b & a practical t9- & copp]smi? :o 0 an inv5tor4 ,?is family bran* z a :ole f9ds its av]age level ( a*ievem5t 9 ! pr(essions4 ,! mat]nal bran* includes a woman ( extraord9>y bus9ess ability1 a prie/ :o 0 a s*ol> & organiz] ( m>k$ ability1 & a m9+ eng9e] ( unusual a*ievem5t4 ,! p]=mance level ( ! family lies1 on ! av]age1 9 bus9ess & ! pr(essions4 ,imm$iate family4 ,b is ! six? born ( sev5 sibl+s4 ,( ^! *ildr51 two--! bro!r born two ye>s be=e ,b & ! bro!r born five ye>s aft] ,b--h _h m5tal te/s4 ,! old] bro!r 0 measur$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! m5tal survey made by ,dr4 ,malh]be4 ,8 ,,iq 7,s-,b7 at ! age ( #aj ye>s #f mon?s 0 #afg4 ,?is is n a full measure ( 8 bro!r1 z he pass$ _m te/s at ! highe/ levels ( p]=mance provid$ by ! scale4 ,a /ill old] bro!r pass$ ! entrance exam9ations = ! ,columbia ,college1 f :i* may be inf]r$ intellig5ce above ! av]age4 ,! y\ng] bro!r's ,,iq 7,s-,b7 at ! age ( #f ye>s #aj mon?s 0 #ach4 ,,pres*ool ,,hi/ory ,! pres*ool hi/ory ( ,b has be5 elicit$ f ! p>5ts4 ,%e cut h] fir/ too? at #g mon?s4 ,%e began to talk at #i mon?s ( age & to walk at #ae mon?s4 ,z soon z %e 0 able to walk out ) h] nurse or h] "m1 at ab\t ! age ( #bd mon?s1 ,b began to notice ! lett]s on billbo>ds & to spell out words4 ,by ! "t %e 0 9 ! ?ird ye> ( life %e c\ld read flu5tly 9 simple books4 7,! bro!r ^: ,,iq is ref]r$ to above z #afg did n read until he 0 ab\t #d ye>s #f mon?s ( age47 ,,s*ool ,,hi/ory ,b has always att5d$ private s*ools4 ,%e began h] s*ool life 9 k9d]g>t51 at ! age ( #c ye>s1 & att5d$ ! same s*ool until ! age ( ne>ly #i ye>s4 ,at ! age ( #h ye>s #d mon?s %e _h rea*$ only ! f\r? grade1 :]eas 9 ! batt]y ( educational te/s giv5 z a "p ( ! s*ool survey %e pass$ at t age ! sev5?-grade /&>ds = public s*ools4 ,9 apprais+ ! great discrepancy betwe5 s*ool progress & ability 9 ?is case1 x is necess>y to be> 9 m9d t *ildr5 9 "s private s*ools are highly select$ z reg>ds intellect4 ,! m$ian ,,iq 9 ?is p>ticul> s*ool 0 %[n by ! survey to be mu* above #ajj2 s t ,b 0 n s hopelessly misplac$ 9 ! f\r? grade !re z w\ld h be5 ! case _h %e att5d$ public s*ool4 ,! fact ( competition ) select$ *ildr5 r$uces ! discrepancy1 al?\gh x is /ill v great4 ,at ! age ( #h ye>s #i mon?s1 ,b ent]$ a private s*ool 9 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,"h %e 0 plac$ 9 ! six? grade1 skipp+ ! fif? grade4 ,h] s*ool reports h always be5 v excell5t1 almo/ always ,e 9 e subject4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aibb ,b ent]$ ! sev5? grade1 ag$ #i ye>s #i mon?s4 ,%e 0 ! y\nge/ pupil 9 a class ( ab\t #bj *ildr51 & held fir/ rank4 ,%e leads 9 e regul> subject except cate*ism1 geography1 & hi/ory4 ,b likes all subjects except cate*ism1 giv+ fir/ place1 at ! age ( #i ye>s1 to ari?metic4 ,h] s*ool m>ks = #aibb-aibc are z foll[s1 ! m>ks indicat+ z is usual3 #ajj1 p]fect2 #ij1 v good2 #hj1 good2 #gj1 fair2 #fj1 defici5t4 ,b',s ,,m>ks1 ,,grade ,,vii4 ,,age #i ,,ye>s #aj ,,mon?s4 ,,subject #aibb #aibb #aibc #aibc ,oct4 #ca ,dec4 #ae ,jan4 #ca ,m>4 #bg ,cate*ism #ie #ij #hj #id ,gramm> #ib #id #he #ij ,composition #hg #hh #he ,spell+ #ic #ie #ajj #ih ,lett] writ+ #he #he #hj ,am]ican hi/ory #he #hj #hh #ij ,geography #id #hg #ij #id ,ari?metic #ij #ij #ajj #ij ,oral ,fr5* #ie #ie #if #ie ,p5man%ip ,d ,c #ge ,read+ #ij #ia #he ,*oral s++ #hj #hj #ie ,draw+ #ij #ij #ij ,pla9 sew+ #hj #he #he ,rules ( obs]vance #ij #ajj #ig #id ,bible hi/ory #id #ij #hf #ic ,at ! age ( #aa ye>s ,b ent]$ high s*ool & is do+ good "w !re1 b )\t mu* /imulus ( competition1 z !re are b a few pupils 9 h] grade4 ,unlike sev]al ( ! *ildr5 :o h an ,,iq ( m ?an #ahj1 ,b has nev] be5 a s*ool problem4 ,%e has always be5 a good mix] ) *ildr5 ( h] s*ool grade1 & has tak5 "p 9 _! activities4 ,be+ a v l>ge1 /rong *ild1 %e has n be5 s mu* out ( x 9 motor skill z to be conspicu\s among old] s*oolmates4 ,z evid5ces ( unusual manual dext]ity ! foll[+ may be m5tion$3 at ! age ( #e ye>s ,b knitt$ on /eel ne$les a pair ( socks :i* 7 worn by h] little bro!r2 at #f ye>s %e made edible rice pudd+s2 at #g ye>s ( age %e made cookies4 ,,traits ,,( ,,"* ,no "o among p>5ts & tea*]s has m5tion$ any "* trait consid]$ faulty4 ,! virtues mo/ frequ5tly m5tion$ & emphasiz$ are mode/y1 reliability1 self-direction1 poise1 good humor1 amiability1 & be+ a good sport4 ,,judgm5t ,,( ,,tea*]s ,x is rem>kable t no adv]se comm5ts h be5 (f]$ by any ( ,b's tea*]s4 ,all tea*]s h rat$ ,b high 9 "* & intellect4 ,! *ief error 9 judgm5t lies 9 n rank+ h] z high z %e really /&s4 ,?is error arises p>tly f ! fact t tea*]s 9 ! private s*ools ,b att5d$ deal ) select$ *ildr5 :om !y may come to ?9k ( z repres5t+ ! av]age ( *ild ability4 ,! judgm5ts ( ,b's tea*]s may be quot$ z foll[s3 ,rememb]$ 9 our k9d]g>t5 *iefly = h] vivid imag9ation4 ,f ! head mi/ress ( ! s*ool4 ,"o ( ! mo/ popul> *ildr5 9 ! s*ool4 ,f a tea*]4 ,x is "s "t s9ce ,i _h ,b z a pupil1 b ,i am glad to tell y my impressions ( ! *ild z ,i rememb] h]4 ,%e 0 a v quiet1 unassum+ memb] ( ! class4 ,%e _h rem>kable p[]s ( conc5tration1 always f9i%$ h] "w well 9 advance ( ! o!rs & !n f\nd "w = h]self until ! class 0 ready to g on ) a new subject4 ,) ! *ildr5 9 bo? "w & play %e made no ef=t to lead !m1 & al?\gh !y recogniz$ ! fact t h] "w 0 sup]ior to !irs1 !y %[$ no res5tm5t t[>d ,b because %e nev] made !m feel h] sup]iority4 ,b %[$ a m5tal poise t ,i h r>ely1 if ev]1 f\nd 9 a *ild4 ,x 0 n s mu* a matt] ( a sudd5 ke5 grasp ( a subject1 :i* might or might n be p]man5t4 ,%e seem$ to h ! p[]1 :i* is usually met only 9 mature m9ds1 ( weigh+1 reason+1 & !n plac+ = p]man5t use ! matt] ) :i* %e 0 deal+4 #c ,always ,b appeal$ to me z a normal *ild1 ) unusual m5tal poise4 ,%e 0 n at all uncanny or tiresomely intellig5t4 ,f a =m] classroom tea*]4 ,,m5tal ,,measurem5ts ,measurem5ts ( g5]al intellig5ce ( ,b h be5 made z foll[s3 ,,date ,,bir?day ,,/an=d ,,army ,,alpha ,,age -,,b9et ,,po9ts ,,( ,b ,,ma ,,iq ,b ,norm ,m>4 #c1 #aiba #h-c #ae-h #ahi ,apr4 #h1 #aibb #i-d #ag-f #ahh #hd 7,=m #e7 #j ,dec4 #bi1 #aibd #ab-a #adb 7,=m #e7 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts ,b 0 measur$ at ! age ( #i ye>s #d mon?s & aga9 at ! age ( #ab ye>s #a mon?1 9 light indoor clo?+1 ) ! foll[+ results3 ,height & weight4 ,,"p #a ,,( #b ,,date ,,wt4 7,,lbs47 ,,height 7,,947 ,b ,norm #d ,b ,norm #e ,april #h1 #aibb #ajf4j #fa4e #ef4j #eb4j ,decemb] #bi1 #aibd #abc4j #hb4h #fa4f #eg4g ,,"p #b ,,( #b ,,height 7,,947 ,,ht4-,,wt4 ,,coeff4 ,,cranial ,,cir4 7,,947 ,b ,norm #e ,b ,norm ,b #ef4j #eb4j #a4hh #a4ah #bb4d #fa4f #eg4g #a4ii #a4dd #bb4e ,b greatly surpasses ,badlw9's norms 7mak+ ! usual all[ance = heels & clo?+74 ,grip measurem5ts4 ,measur$ ) ,sm$ley's dynamomet]1 ,b's h& grip scores z foll[s3 ,,date ,,grip 7,,kg47 ,"r ,h& ,left ,h& ,april #h1 #aibb #ac4j #aa4j ,decemb] #bi1 #aibd #bj4j #ah4j ,sup]ior size is !re=e accompani$ by sup]ior /r5g?4 ,,miscellane\s ,,*>act]i/ics ,div]sions4 ,at ! age ( #i ye>s ,b li/$ h] favorite div]sions ?us3 ,all sorts ( outdoor games2 !n read+2 !n draw+2 !n play+ ) dolls1 sometimes4 ,imag9>y l&4 ,:5 ,i 0 #h ye>s old my imag9>y c\ntries 7 g5]ally ( gr[nupness1 :]e ,i figur$ z *ief actress & que54 ,c>e] ideas4 ,at ! age ( #i ye>s ,b 0 ask$1 ,:at w y be :5 y gr[ up8 ,b respond$ promptly1 ,a doctor4 ,!n %e add$1 ,i w le>n to s+1 too4 ,p]haps ,i'll s+ to ! pati5ts4 ,!re are s _m ?+s to d4 ,i'll try to comb9e sev]al ?+s4 ,n[1 at ! age ( #ab #aibe1 %e is ambiti\s to become a celebrat$ au?oress1 actress1 arti/1 & musician4 ,read+ int]e/s4 ,:5 ask$ h[ _m books %e _h read 7,april #h1 #aibb71 ,b repli$1 ,oh1 hundr$s & hundr$s4 ,we h pl5ty ( books4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( h] t %e reads ov] & ov] aga9 a book t especially pleases h]4 ,?us %e _h read ne>ly all ( ,l\isa ,alcott's books twice ea*1 & _h read ,lady ,luck--at t date h] favorite book--sev]al times4 ,%e _h read a great _m books writt5 = boys1 & rem>k$1 9 try+ to describe h] pref]5ces1 ,i l boys' books be/4 ,!y h m 9 !m ?an girls' books4 ,t5d5cy to organize o!r *ildr54 ,b is ! only "o ( ! *ildr5 "h report$ :o %[s any success or int]e/ 9 lead+ or organiz+ fell[ *ildr54 ,%e organizes clubs & games4 ,:5 %[n ! ,civil ,w> code1 9 ! c\rse ( m5tal te/s1 %e rem>k$1 ,i mu/ rememb] t1 = x w be f9e = my ,clip-,clap-,club4 #a ,re> ,admiral ,john ,w4 ,phillip4 7,callahan1 ,e4 ,w4 ,li/ ( ,(fic]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy & ( ! ,m>9e ,corps4 ,ham]sley ,co41 ,new ,york2 #aija47 #b ,comm&] ,e4 ,t4 ,woodw>d4 #c ,at ?is "t ,b's intellig5ce 0 ab\t t ( ! av]age adult1 accord+ to m5tal te/s1 ?\gh ! tea*] made ?is comm5t )\t hav+ t k4 #d ,baldw9's norms = *ildr5 #i ye>s #f mon?s old4 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,! second r[ is cle>ly f a diff]5t1 & likely ! correspond+1 age norm4 #e ,)\t %oes4 ,,*apt] ,,six ,,*ild ,c ,*ild ,c is a boy1 born ,june #ae1 #aiac4 ,he 0 br\ght to ! writ]'s att5tion by ! pr9cipal ( ,public ,s*ool #aeg1 ,manhattan1 :o wrote z foll[s1 reque/+ an exam9ation 9 ! laboratory at ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity3 ,i h 9 ! #e;,a grade ( ?is s*ool a boy 4 4 4 :o seems to be some:at ( an infant prodigy4 ,8 v]bal memory1 especially1 is ph5om5al1 b he is und]develop$ on ! physical side1 takes no int]e/ 9 ,manual ,"w1 & does n l to play ) o!r *ildr54 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,*ild ,c is desc5d$1 9 bo? l9es1 f ,g]man ,jews4 ,8 p>5ts are n relat$ by blood4 ,! pat]nal gr&fa!r 0 a successful bus9essman4 ,! pat]nal gr&mo!r 0 a compet5t h\sewife4 ,a pat]nal uncle is a judge 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,no incompet5t relative 9 ?is bran* is kn[n2 on ! o!r h&1 !re is no "o ( great em95ce4 ,on ! mat]nal side1 "o ( ,c's "m's bro!rs is a physician1 a c\s9 is a writ]1 & ano!r c\s9 is a judge4 ,no incompet5t relatives are kn[n 9 ?is bran*4 ,fa!r4 ,c's fa!r is an acc\ntant4 ,he did n graduate f elem5t>y s*ool b w5t to "w at an e>ly age4 ,he 0 #dj ye>s old :5 ,c 0 born4 ,"m4 ,c's "m is a high s*ool graduate4 ,%e 0 #ce ye>s old :5 ,c 0 born4 ,%e is a h\sewife1 & _h no paid occupation be=e m>riage4 ,c is an only *ild1 nev] hav+ _h any sibl+s4 ,,pres*ool ,,hi/ory ,! foll[+ in=mation 0 ga!r$ f ,c's "m4 ,! *ild cut 8 fir/ too? at ! age ( #i mon?s4 ,he began to walk at ! age ( #a ye> #c mon?s1 & to talk flu5tly at ! age ( #a ye> #d mon?s4 ,he le>n$ to read almo/ z soon z he talk$1 & at ! age ( #c ye>s c\ld read simple matt]4 ,:5 he 0 #d ye>s old1 ,c w5t "o day into a /ore ) 8 fa!r4 ,:ile ! latt] 0 mak+ 8 pur*ases ! *ild took a book f ! %elf & began to scan x4 ,! %opkeep] notic$ ! *ild look+ att5tively at ! book & said1 = a joke1 ,boy1 if y w read me t book1 ,i'll give x to y4 ,in/antly ,c began to read flu5tly & c>ri$ ! book away f ! a/oni%$ m]*ant4 ,on ano!r occasion1 :5 he 0 ab\t #e ye>s old1 a woman notic$ ,c se>*+ ab\t ! h\se & said to him1 ,are y hungry8 ,8 reply 01 ,yes1 ,i'm hungry = a book4 ,app>5tly ,c has nev] _h an imag9>y l&4 ,8 favorite recreation has always be5 read+4 ,,s*ool ,,hi/ory ,c's s*ool life began at ! age ( #f ye>s4 ,he did n att5d k9d]g>t54 ,8 tea*]s recogniz$ him z out ( ! ord9>y--b n 9 any appreciative way4 ,!y ?\ght him que] & odd4 ,9 spite ( p]fect "w1 he 0 advanc$ only a little m ?an ! usual rate1 be+ plac$ 9 ,grade #e;,b at ! age ( #i ye>s #e mon?s4 ,8 obvi\s misplacem5t & unhapp9ess "h caus$ ! pr9cipal ( ! s*ool to seek advice reg>d+ ,c's education4 ,aft] m5tal te/s _h reveal$ ! m5tal level ( a sup]ior adult1 ,c 0 invit$ to ent] ! ,special ,opportunity ,class !n j organiz$ at ,public ,s*ool #afe1 ,manhattan4 ,"h he 0 associat$ ) tw5ty-five classmates ( 8 own age ^: ,,iq's rang$ f #aej to #age1 ! m$ian ( ! gr\p be+ ab\t #afd ,,iq4 ,9 ?is class ,c gradually became adju/$ to ! "w 9 su* a way t at ! end ( ! s*ool ye> 7#aibc71 :5 ask$ :e!r he w\ld pref] to /ay 9 ! ,special ,opportunity ,class or g on to high s*ool1 he unhesitat+ly *ose to /ay ) ! special class4 ,x w be m int]e/+1 he said4 ,he !re=e f9i%$ elem5t>y s*ool at ! age ( #ab ye>s1 al?\gh at #aj he 0 judg$ by 8 tea*]s to be fully prep>$ 9 k to ent] s5ior high s*ool4 ,!re is no d\bt t he c\ld h be5 made ready to ent] college at ! age ( #ab ye>s4 ,:5 ask$ at ! age ( #i :at he w\ld be :5 he grew up1 ! foll[+ conv]sation took place3 ,q4 ,:at d y ?9k is ! mo/ int]e/+ vocation8 ,:at w\ld y l to be :5 y gr[ up8 ,a4 ,well1 ! answ] to ^? two que/ions is n ! same "o4 ,q4 ,!n tell u fir/ :at y ?9k is ! mo/ int]e/+ vocation4 ,a4 ,sci5ce1 especially a/ronomy4 ,q4 ,& :at vocation w\ld y l to foll[ :5 y gr[ up8 ,a4 ,to be a m$ical doctor4 ,q4 ,b :y n be :at is mo/ int]e/+8 ,a4 ,because a p]son _c make mu* money be+ an a/ronom]4 ,i nev] he>d ( anyone at ! ,lick ,obs]vatory e>n+ fifty ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 ,q4 ,b d m$ical doctors e>n fifty ?\s& doll>s a ye>8 ,a4 ,x is possible = "o to d x4 ,"s ( !m d4 ,q4 ,d y ?9k be+ a m$ical doctor is ! mo/ lucrative occupation8 ,a4 ,no4 ,x w\ld be m lucrative to get into ,/&>d ,oil4 ,q4 ,!n :y n g into ,/&>d ,oil8 ,a4 ,because x isn't s int]e/+ z be+ a m$ical doctor4 ,q4 ,:i* is ! m useful occupation--m$ical doctor or a/ronom]8 ,a4 ,m$ical doctor4 ,because a man does n c>e mu* = a blaz+ /> a million miles away if 8 wife is sick4 ,anyone c>es m = a p]son two feet away ?an = a ?+ a trillion miles away4 ,! ambition to become a m$ical doctor has p]si/$ = ?ree ye>s & gives an impression ( p]man5cy4 #a ,scores ( anecdotes c\ld be cit$ to illu/rate ! int]e/s & ! f9e intellig5ce ( ?is boy4 ,9 walk+ ?r\gh ! halls ( ! college ) him1 on "o occasion :5 he _h come = a m5tal te/1 ! pres5t writ] saw :at seem$ to be an exhibition ( ,*9ese co/umes 9 a glass case1 & call$ ,c's att5tion to x1 say+1 ,look at ?is exhibition ( ,*9ese "w4 ,c look$ closely at ! exhibit = sev]al mom5ts )\t comm5t1 & !n said1 ,well1 ,i believe x is ,japanese "w1 isn't x8 ,he !n proce$$ to po9t out c]ta9 m9ute diff]5ces :i* are f\nd betwe5 ! "w ( ,japanese & ,*9ese & :i* 7 lat] v]ifi$ by an au?ority on ! subject4 ,:5 he w5t ) 8 class to visit a new high s*ool build+ 9 ! city1 he 0 miss$ z ! o!rs began to move f "o corridor to ano!r4 ,aft] se>*1 he 0 f\nd 9 ! *emical laboratory copy+ 9 a notebook ! names ( all ! *emicals 9 ! bottles z !y appe>$ on ! labels4 ,9 ! ,opportunity ,class ,c 0 appreciat$ by ^! *ildr5 ( m ?an #aej ,,iq z he _h nev] be5 by ! unselect$ *ildr5 9 ! regul> classes4 ,!y recogniz$ 8 encyclop$ic k & respect$ x4 ,!y ev5tually elect$ him to two po/s ( responsibility among !m4 ,^! 7 totally new exp]i5ces = ,c4 ,ano!r new exp]i5ce = ! boy 0 t ( be+ equal$ by ano!r *ild 9 an intellectual p]=mance4 ,al?\gh ,c l$ ! special class 9 m>ks1 z w\ld be expect$1 he 0 nev]!less occasionally equal$ or surpass$ 9 "o or two subjects 9 ! mon?'s record4 ,he le>n$ = ! fir/ "t h[ to adju/ himself to successful competitors 9 8 own p>ticul> field4 ,,traits ,,( ,,"* ,a few faulty "* traits 9 ,c h be5 not$ by tea*]s4 ,"o tea*] said1 ,he is some:at ( a prig4 ,?is impression appe>s to h be5 bas$ p>tly on 8 lack ( desire to play ) *ildr5 ( 8 own age & p>tly on 8 use ( long words4 ,soon aft] ,c ent]$ ! ,special ,opportunity ,class = gift$ *ildr51 ano!r boy equal$ him 9 an assignm5t & put out 8 h& to ,c1 say+ cordially1 ,let's %ake4 ,c _h nev] _h ! exp]i5ce ( be+ equal$ by a fell[ pupil & he turn$ away1 refus+ to %ake h&s4 ,h[ev]1 he has n[ le>n$ to react mo/ cordially to ^? :o equal him1 ?\gh he bitt]ly dislikes to be equal$ or pass$ 9 m5tal "w4 ,nev] 9 any s5se a lead] or guide among ! unselect$ *ildr5 ( ! s*ool f :i* he came1 ,c 0 soon elect$ to ! position ( monitor by ! *ildr5 ( m$ian ,,iq #afd4 ,!y 7 he>d to say3 ,c is j2 ,c c make u behave4 ,"o *ild 7,,iq #afd7 exclaim$ 9 admiration1 ,c kn[s ev]y?+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,c ar\ses "s feel+s ( jeal\sy & antagonism z well z admiration because he does n hesitate to contradict errone\s /atem5ts or to rectify imp]fections 9 :at o!rs say or d4 ,he is n v tactful 9 human relation%ips4 ,! virtues mo/ frequ5tly ascrib$ to ,c by ^? :o "k him well are reliability1 hone/y1 brav]y1 & loyalty4 ,he is a /ickl] = ! exact2 no /atem5t is "r unless x is exactly "r4 ,x is easy to see h[ ?is trait might antagonize av]age *ildr5 ( ,c's age1 & ev5 tea*]s & o!rs 9 au?ority4 ,,m5tal ,,measurem5ts ,measurem5ts ( g5]al intellig5ce ( ,c h be5 made z foll[s3 ,,date ,,bir?day ,,/an=d-,,b9et ,,army ,,alpha ,,po9ts ,,age ,,( ,c ,,ma ,,iq ,on ,octob] #cj1 #aibb1 ,sept4 #bf1 #aibb #i-c #ag-g #aij he scor$ #adf po9ts ,april #ah1 #aibc #i-aj #ah-f #ahh 7,=m #i7 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts ,measurem5ts ( ,c's physique h be5 made z foll[s3 ,,date ,,wt4 ,,ht4 ,,cranial 7,,lbs47 7,,/&41 ,,947 ,,cir4 7,,947 ,sept4 #bf1 #aibc #fj4e #ec4i 4 4 4 ,jan4 #h1 #aibd 4 4 4 4 4 4 #bj4g ,c is "o ( ! few ( ! bright *ildr5 /udi$ :o does n exce$ ,baldw9's norms 9 physique4 ,h[ev]1 at ! age ( #aa ye>s #g mon?s he 0 #eg in*es tall & weigh$ #fi4i p\nds4 ,8 appetite = food has nev] be5 v satisfactory1 b 9 spite ( ?is 8 g5]al heal? has be5 good4 ,,editor',s ,,supplem5t ,! au?or's orig9al write-up ( ,*ild ,c t]m9at$ at ?is po9t1 9 #aibc4 ,b dur+ ! foll[+ #af ye>s %e rema9$ 9 con/ant contact ) ,c1 int]view+ him & te/+ him p]iodically1 & 9 _m ways sponsor+ 8 second>y1 collegiate1 & pr(essional education4 ,_m pages ( ^! records are 9 h] files1 accompani$ by collections ( ,c's "w1 newspap] notices1 correspond5ce1 photographs1 & data f fur!r int]views ) ! p>5ts4 ,x seems be/ to summ>ize ^! records *ronologically1 & ) "s brevity1 s9ce x w\ld n be at all feasible to reproduce ! mat]ial 9 full4 ,octob] #ae1 #aibc ,c fill$ out an ,int]e/ ,blank at ,p4 ,s4 #afe1 ,manhattan1 :]e he 0 !n 9 ! eigh? grade1 at ! age ( #aj ye>s #d mon?s4 ,he 0 at ?is "t1 or _h be51 class monitor & editor ( ! class pap]4 ,likes & dislikes 7 express$1 /ronge/ pref]5ce ( subjects1 & judgm5t ( :at is easie/4 ,lik$ v mu* 7 lit]ature1 read+1 spell+1 ma!matics1 ,fr5*1 games & sports1 & geography4 ,mo/ dislik$ 7 pa9t+1 wat] colors1 etc42 p5man%ip2 composition4 ,easie/ & also be/ lik$ 0 ,engli% lit]ature4 ,pref]r$ k9d ( read+ 0 encyclop$ias1 biography1 curr5t ev5ts1 & hi/ory4 ,?+s mo/ l to d 7 /udy+1 g5]al read+1 s$5t>y games1 play+ alone4 ,mo/ dislik$ ?+s to d 7 us+ tools or work+ ) app>atus & ma*9]y1 draw+1 danc+1 practic+ music4 ,?is dislike = manual activities rema9$ ) ,c4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 al?\gh 8 draw+s 9 sci5ce c\rses 7 admirable1 he made an unsatisfactory laboratory assi/ant :5 set to us+ ! typewrit] or mimeograph1 or to draw+ graphs & *>ts n = 8 own use4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,a ,,sket* ,,by c4 ,! sket* is a bit ( a doodle1 head$ by ! ^w ,,gossip1 foll[$ by ! fir/ r[1 :i* beg9s ) a pair ( %oes set toe-to-toe 7! phrase1 ,,( ,,%oes is set to ! "r ( !m71 & a l>ge /eam %ip 7,,& ,,%ips1 to ! left74 ,! next r[ consi/s ( a /ick ( wax 7label$ ,,wax1 ) ,,& ,,seal+ ,,wax above x74 ,! la/ r[ be+s ) an op5 head ( cabbage 7,,& ,,cabbages to ! "r71 & has a cr[n at ! end 7,,& ,,k+s1 is set to ! left ( x74 ,,fig4 #c4 ,a ,,page ,,f ,,"o ,,( ,c',s ,,notebooks4 ,?is figure %[s two biological diagrams ( :at appe>s to be a cross-section ( ! mucus membrane ( ! esophagus4 ,! foll[+ regions ( ! fir/ are label$ 79 desc5d+ ord]73 tunica mucosa2 tela submucosa2 tunica muscul>is2 & tunica adv5titia4 ,! foll[+ areas ( ^! regions are label$ 7also 9 desc5d+ ord]73 papilla ( tunica propria2 epi!um1 tunica propria2 lam9a muscul>is mucosae2 ducts ( deep oesophageal gl&2 blood vesses ( submucu\s lay]2 portion ( my5t]ic plexus1 %[+ ganglion cells2 smoo? muscle2 /riat$ muscle2 & bran* ( vagus n]ve4 ,x con=ms ) mod]n diagrams ( ! esophagus4 ,! second diagram appe>s to be a cross-section ( ! inte/9al wall1 & is horizontally ori5t$4 ,! left region is label$ ga/ric pit1 & ! "r region1 ,tubule ( gl&4 ,areas ( ! left region are label$ ,lum51 ,mucus 7goblet7 epi!lial cells1 & ,tunica propria4 ,! "r region has labels ( p>ietal cells1 *ief cells & also a sep>ate cross-sectional picture label$ tubule cut transv]sely4 ,x con=ms ) mod]n diagrams ( ?is area ( ! inte/9al wall4 ,febru>y1 #aibd ,at ?is "t ! ,special ,opportunity ,class tea*] 7,p4 ,s4 #afe1 ,manhattan7 rat$ ,c1 on a s*ool in=mation blank1 = a long array ( physical1 m5tal1 social1 & moral traits1 us+ a #g-/ep rat+ scale 7#a be+ ! highe/ scale74 ,rat+s ( #a 7 giv5 =-- ,tru?fulness ,common s5se ,desire to "k ,g5]al intellig5ce ,orig9ality ,rat+s ( #b or #c 7 giv5 =-- ,prud5ce & =e?\ght ,consci5ti\sness ,self-confid5ce ,p]man5cy ( moods ,w p[] & p]sev]- ,desire to excel ance ,*e]fulness & optimism ,fre$om f vanity & ,lead]%ip egotism ,s5sitiv5ess to approval or ,sympa?y & t5d]ness disapproval ,rat+s ( bel[ #c 7av]age or bel[7 7 giv5 =-- ,heal? ,fondness = l>ge gr\ps ,physical en]gy ,popul>ity ) o!r *ildr5 ,musical appreciation ,g5]osity & unselfi%ness ,appreciation ( beauty ,me*anical +5uity ,s5se ( humor ,septemb] #ae1 #aibd ,at ?is "t ! au?or 7,l4 ,s4 ,h471 :o _h kn[n ,c = two ye>s1 indep5d5tly rat$ him on ?is same array ( traits by ! same rat+ scale te*nique4 ,rat+s ( #a 7 giv5 =-- ,prud5ce & =e?\ght ,sympa?y & t5d]ness ,self-confid5ce ,consci5ti\sness ,w p[] & p]sev]- ,tru?fulness ance ,desire to "k ,appreciation ( beauty ,orig9ality ,s5se ( humor ,common s5se ,desire to excel ,g5]al intellig5ce ,rat+s ( #b or #c 7 giv5 =-- ,*e]fulness & optimism ,s5sitiv5ess to approval or ,p]man5cy ( moods disapproval ,lead]%ip ,fre$om f vanity or ego- ,popul>ity ) o!r *il- tism dr5 ,me*anical +5uity ,rat+s ( bel[ #c 7av]age or less7 7 giv5 =-- ,heal? ,g5]osity & unselfi%ness ,physical en]gy ,fondness = l>ge gr\ps ,musical appreciation ,! only /rik+ diff]5ces betwe5 ! two sets ( rat+s are 9 s5se ( humor & appreciation ( beauty1 9 :i* ,c 0 rat$ l[ by ! tea*] & high by ! au?or4 ,x appe>s to ! ,editor1 :o also has a m or less intimate acqua9tance ) ,c1 t a composite ( ^! rat+s1 made :5 ! *ild 0 #aa ye>s old1 gave an adequate portrayal ( him z an adult ( #bg4 ,april #ah1 #aibe ,at ! age ( #aa ye>s #aj mon?s1 ,c 0 aga9 giv5 ! ,/an=d-,b9et exam9ation by ,l4 ,s4 ,h4 ,8 score 0 #ah ye>s #f mon?s1 & he 0 record$ z be+ no long] measur$ by ?is te/4 ,janu>y #af1 #aibf ,at ?is "t ,c 0 9 a private high s*ool1 be+ !n #ab ye>s #g mon?s old4 ,on ^! data 8 score 9 ,army ,alpha 7,=m #e7 0 #aie po9ts4 ,he 0 giv5 an e>ly =m ( ! ,,i] ,te/ = ,sup]ior ,adults1 ,,cavd1 & ! score is giv5 z #dc4e 7p]haps ?is %\ld be #dce74 ,! comm5t ( ! scor] 9 ! ,in/itute ( ,educational ,rese>* 03 ,?is puts ! boy well into ! college graduate class4 ,he excels ab\t #ge p] c5t ( ! ,yale ,law fre%m54 ,janu>y #bf1 #aibg ,c 0 n[ age #ac ye>s #g mon?s1 & he 0 9 ! second ye> ( high s*ool4 ,he 0 giv5 ! ,,i] ,scale ,,cavd = ,sup]ior ,adults 9 two in/allm5ts1 beg9n+ ,janu>y #cj & f9i%+ ,febru>y #ac4 ,! score 0 #dce po9ts1 & ! comm5t is1 ,z good z be/ ,yale ,law ,s*ool fre%m5 & z high z top #d p] c5t to #e p] c5t ( ,tea*]s ,college c&idates = ,m4 ,a4 degree4 ,also 9 ,janu>y1 #aibg1 9 ! psy*ological laboratory ( ,b>n>d ,college1 ,c 0 giv5 by ! pres5t ,editor an array ( te/s = :i* norms 7 available = ,b>n>d fre%m51 f ! "w ( ,f4 ,e4 ,c>o!rs 7,psy*ological ,exam9ation ( ,college ,/ud5ts74 ,! scores made are 9 ! foll[+ tabulation express$ 9 t]ms ( ! ,,pe ( ! di/ribution ( #ajj ,b>n>d fre%m54 ,,scores ,,made ,,by ,c ,,at ,,age ( #ac ,,ye>s #g ,,mon?s ,,9 ,,t]ms ,,( ,,pe ,,( ,,di/ribution ,,( #ajj ,,b>n>d ,,fre%m5 ,unless o!rwise indicat$1 ! score is plus4 ,,te/ ,c's ,,score ,^w ,build+ 7,,aeirlp7 #c4bb ,,pe ,completion 7,trabue ,a7 #c4ji ,directions 7,woodwor?-,wells7 #b4gh ,^w ,recall 7,mulhall7 #b4gb ,analogies 7,woodwor?-,wells7 #a4ff ,logical ,recall 7,prov]bs7 #j4di ,nam+ ,opposites 7,woodwor?-,wells7 #j4af ,sub/itution 7,digit-,=m7 #j4jg ,color ,nam+ 7,woodwor?-,wells7 -#j4jf ,cancellation 7,digits7 -#j4ae ,^w ,recognition 7,mulhall7 -#j4bg ,logical ,recognition 7,prov]bs7 -#j4fd ,numb] ,*eck+ -#j4ha ,v]b-,object ,associations -#j4hf ,on ^? ( ! above subte/s mo/ ne>ly l ! cont5t ( pres5t g5]al intellig5ce exam9ations1 ,c is cle>ly above ! /&>d = ! fre%m5 gr\p1 be+ 9 fact at ! v top ( ! li/1 ab\t #c ,,pe above av]age4 ,mo/ ( ! ?+s on :i* ,c scor$ 7slightly7 bel[ av]age are simple & m or less me*anical4 ,?is result may p]haps be confirm$ by 8 score 9 ,/5qui/ ,assembl+ ,te/1 ,s]ies ,i1 giv5 on ! same day4 ,8 ,t-score 0 #eh1 plac+ him only a little above av]age 7#fg? c5tile7 among #ac-ye>-old *ildr54 ,x w be recall$ t ,c 0 uni=mly rat$ l[ 9 me*anical ability & also express$ a lack ( int]e/ 9 work+ ) ma*9]y4 ,on ?is day ,c 0 also giv5 ! ,rosan(f ,high ,/&>d ,frequ5cy ,te/ 7,^w ,association7 bas$ on ,class ,a words only4 ,! available /&>ds 7,rosan(f7 & also ,c's score are giv5 9 ! foll[+3 ,fif? grade1 total value #ae ,fir/ ye> high s*ool #ajj ,fir/ ye> college #cge ,ma/]'s degree #fjj ,/>r$ m5 ( sci5ce #hjj ,c's score #hbc ,augu/ #bc1 #aica ,at ! age ( #ah ye>s #b mon?s1 ,c 0 9 8 ?ird ye> ( college 7,columbia74 ,on ?is date he 0 aga9 giv5 ,,i] ,intellig5ce ,scale ,,cavd1 ,levels ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 ,p1 ,q1 & 8 score 0 #ddf po9ts1 :i* is z high z any score record$ on ?is scale4 ,decemb] #bf1 #aicb ,at ! age ( #ai ye>s #f mon?s1 9 ! f\r? ye> ( college1 ,c scor$ #baj po9ts on ,army ,alpha1 ,=m #h1 a score equal$ only by ! top #a p] c5t ( college s5iors4 ,,lat] ,,s*ool ,,hi/ory ,subsequ5t to ! ,special ,opportunity ,class1 9 #aibc1 9 ,p4 ,s4 #afe1 ,manhattan1 ,c complet$ 8 high s*ool "w1 fir/ 9 a private s*ool & lat] 9 a public high s*ool 7,george ,wa%+ton7 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,dur+ ^! ye>s he receiv$ v>i\s academic honors & prizes1 or m$als1 = pr(ici5cy4 ,9 ! high s*ool f :i* he 0 graduat$ 9 #aibi1 he 0 vice-presid5t ( ! ,fr5* ,club4 ,he won a city-wide conte/ 9 ,fr5* composition1 = :i* he receiv$ a m$al4 ,he 0 elect$ to ,ari/a1 ! high s*ool honor society1 & rank$ ?ird 9 8 class ^u graduation1 ) an av]age grade ( #id 7! two bett] 7 #if & #id4e74 ,9 connection ) 8 high s*ool "w he 0 aw>d$ a /ate s*ol>%ip ( #aej4 ,^u graduat+ f high s*ool1 ,c appli$ = & compet$ = a ,pulitz] s*ol>%ip1 & he 0 aw>d$ a s*ol>%ip z ! highe/-rank+ boy among ! competitors4 ,?is enabl$ him to ent] ,columbia ,college1 to :i* he 0 admitt$ 9 #aibi4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ,columbia1 tak+ ! prem$ical c\rse1 9 #aicc1 be+ elect$ to ,phi ,beta ,kappa4 ,dur+ ! previ\s ye> he also won a curr5t ev5ts conte/ conduct$ by a metropolitan newspap]1 ) a prize ( #aej4 ,c 0 admitt$ to ! ,new ,york ,univ]sity ,m$ical ,college1 f :i* he 0 graduat$ ) ! degree ( ,m4,d4 ,he is n[ 7#aidj7 s]v+ 8 int]n%ip 9 hospitals 9 ,new ,york ,city4 #a ,c is n[1 #ag ye>s aft] ! record+ ( ?is comm5t1 engag$ 9 ! pr(ession ( m$ic9e4 ,,editor ,,*apt] ,,sev5 ,,*ild ,d ,*ild ,d is a boy1 born ,m>* #i1 #aiaj4 #a ,he 0 fir/ describ$ by ,t]man1 :o te/$ him 9 #aiag4 ,d1 l ,e1 0 br\ght to ! att5tion ( ! writ] by ! pr9cipal ( ! ,horace ,mann ,k9d]g>t5 7,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity7 z be+ a *ild ( rem>kable end[m5t4 ,he 0 at t "t #g ye>s #d mon?s old & _h a ,m5tal ,age ( #ac ye>s #g mon?s1 ) an ,,iq ( #ahd 7,s-,b74 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,d is desc5d$ f ,russian ,jews 9 ! pat]nal bran* & f ,engli% ,jews 9 ! mat]nal bran*4 ,fa!r4 ,d's fa!r immigrat$ to ,am]ica at an e>ly age4 ,he is a high s*ool graduate & 0 a /ud5t ( eng9e]+ b ab&on$ ^! /udies 9 ! ?ird ye> to d newspap] "w1 & lat] ent]$ ! adv]tis+ bus9ess 9 a l>ge city4 ,8 leisure is sp5t 9 writ+1 & he has publi%$ a numb] ( books1 includ+ ?ree novels & a philosophical drama deal+ ) religion4 ,8 fir/ book1 a novel1 0 publi%$ :5 he 0 #ba ye>s old4 ,he 0 #bh :5 ,d 0 born4 ,"m4 ,d's "m w5t to s*ool = only a few weeks & has be5 l>gely self-taught4 ,be=e m>riage %e 0 /ati/ician & regi/r> 9 a l>ge philan?ropic organization4 ,%e has publi%$ /ories1 reviews1 & poems1 & a book on education4 ,%e has always tak5 "p p]sonally 9 ! education ( ,d4 ,%e 0 #bf ye>s old :5 ,d 0 born4 ,d is an only *ild4 ,notewor?y relatives4 ,notewor?y relatives beyond ! fir/ degree ( k9%ip include ! foll[+3 a *ief rabbi ( ,mosc[1 :o 0 exil$ = aid+ ! ,nihili/s2 a di/+ui%$ lawy]2 a man :o by 8 own ef=ts became a millionaire2 a conc]t piani/2 a compos] & virtuoso2 a writ]2 & a relative decorat$ = sci5ce 9 ,pol&4 ,! mat]nal great-gr&fa!r 0 a fam\s rabbi :o compil$ & publi%$ a ,jewi% cal5d> cov]+ a p]iod ( #dad ye>s4 ,?is cal5d> conta9s1 9 regul> ord]1 ! exact p]iod ( e new moon's appe>ance1 ! sabba?s1 fe/ivals ) scriptural portions = ea*1 & ! equ9oxes ( ! sol> ye> accord+ to ! prescrib$ & au?oriz$ ,jewi% laws & correspond+ to dates 9 ! common era4 ,! tabulations h be5 c>efully compil$ f v>i\s works ( anci5t rabb9ical a/ronom]s1 ) annotations 9 ,hebrew & ,engli%4 ,?is rabbi 0 also ! great-gr&fo!r ( ! f\r fir/ c\s9s ( ,d1 ^: intellig5ce quoti5ts h be5 tak51 & :o rat$ #aef1 #aej1 #acj1 & #abb1 respectively4 ,a second c\s9 9 ! mat]nal l9e yield$ at ! age ( #f ye>s an ,,iq ( #aeg4 ,,pres*ool ,,hi/ory ,d cut 8 fir/ too? at #d mon?s ( age4 ,he c\ld say words at #h mon?s & talk$ 9 s5t5ces at #aa mon?s4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #aiaj 7#h mon?s71 he said little boy :5 8 %ad[ appe>$ on ! wall4 ,d c\ld /&1 hold+ to *airs1 at #i mon?s ( age1 & he walk$ alone at #aa to #ab mon?s4 ,at ! age ( #ah mon?s1 :ile sitt+ on 8 "m's lap z %e sat be=e a typewrit]1 he le>n$ to read by look+ at ! lett]s4 ,! records kept by ! "m indicate t he le>n$ to read & c\nt 9 #aiaa4 ,"o su* record reads1 ,octob] #aa1 c\nts all day long4 ,at #h mon?s ( age ,d /rung 9 succession #e yell[ & #e r$ balls & !n began on blue1 :5 ! activity 0 int]rupt$4 ,9 ,m>*1 #aiab1 he 0 us+ words to express relation%ips1 su* z w & %all 7correctly71 b1 &1 my1 m9e4 ,at #b ye>s #f mon?s 8 vocabul>y 7incomplete7 0 #afij words4 ,d's e>lie/ memory goes back to #b ye>s ( age1 :5 he saw a rat & ?\ght x 0 a little br[nie4 ,an example ( ! quality ( ! que/ions ask$ by ,d 9 ! fir/ #cf mon?s ( life is "o he ask$ 9 ,octob]1 #aiaa 7#ai mon?s73 ,has e door two knobs8 ,:y8 ,8 "m reports3 ,he 0 always ask+ unexpect$ que/ions4 ,?is *ild 0 n plac$ 9 s*ool at ! usual age because he did n fit into ! s*ool organization4 ,at ! "t he %\ld h ent]$ k9d]g>t5 ,d c\ld read flu5tly & c\ld p]=m complicat$ ari?metical processes4 ,8 intellectual int]e/s 7 f> beyond ^? ( ev5 ! highly select$ *ildr5 ( a private k9d]g>t54 ,!re=e1 8 p>5ts kept him out ( s*ool & obta9$ ! companion%ip ( o!r *ildr5 = him by s5d+ him to a playgr\nd4 ,d 0 fir/ se5 by ! pres5t writ] ,l4 ,s4 ,h4 :ile he 0 att5d+ ?is playgr\nd1 9 ! ye> #aiaf-aiag4 ,x is v int]e/+ to note h[ ,d made social contacts ) ! o!r *ildr5 :ile pursu+ 8 own int]e/s4 ,= in/ance1 he publi%$ a playgr\nd newspap] call$ ,! ,weekly ,po/4 #b ,he compo/$1 edit$1 & typ$ ?is pap]1 issu$ at int]vals1 & x _h a regul> playgr\nd circulation4 ,,traits ,,( ,,"* ,no faulty traits ( "* h be5 ascrib$ to ,d by p>5ts or tea*]s int]view$4 ,he 0 rat$ = "* by ,t]man's me?od "u ,t]man's direction1 ) a result ( #a4ic f p>5ts' e/imates & #a4ij f tea*]s' e/imates 7! m$ian score1 = comp>ison ) av]age *ildr51 be+ #c4jj74 ,d is ?us rat$ by p>5ts & tea*]s alike z well above ! av]age 9 "*4 ,! desirable traits mo/ (t5 m5tion$ are refusal to lie1 loyalty to /&>ds once adopt$1 read9ess to admit j criticisms1 unselfi%ness1 & amiability4 ,,m5tal ,,measurem5ts ,g5]al intellig5ce te/s ( ,d %[ ! foll[+ results3 ,,date ,,bir?day ,,/an=d- ,,army ,,alpha ,,?orndike ,,te/ ,,age ,,b9et ,,po9ts ,,= ,,fre%m5 ,,( ,d 7,,po9ts7 ,,ma ,,iq ,d ,norm ,d ,norm ,aug41 #aiag1 #g-d #ac-g #ahd ,jan4 #bi1 #aiba #aj-aa ,pass$ all #ahe -- = ,sup]4 7,=m #e7 ,june1 #aibb #ab-c ,adult4 #ajf #gj-hj ,x is ?us se5 h[ greatly ,d suprasses ! av]age *ild 9 m5tal te/s4 ,9 ! five ye>s :i* h elaps$ s9ce ,d's fir/ te/ !re has be5 no t5d5cey to become m$iocre4 ,at ! age ( #g ye>s he %[$ an ,,iq ( #ahd2 at ! age ( #aa ye>s he exce$$ by a wide m>g9 on ,army ,alpha ! m$ian score = po/graduate /ud5ts 9 fir/-rate univ]sities2 at #ab ye>s he f> exce$$ ! m$ian score ( college fre%m5 on ,?orndike's te/ = t gr\p4 ,! validity ( ^! scores is consi/5tly borne out by ! s*ool hi/ory4 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts ,! foll[+ measurem5ts1 z ( ,may1 #aibb1 7 made 9 ! gymnasium ( ! high s*ool att5d$ by ,d3 #c ,,weight 7,,lbs47 ,,height 7,,947 ,,ht4-,,wt4 ,,coeff4 ,d ,,norm ,d ,,norm ,d ,,norm #gf4j #hb4h #fd4j #eg4g #a4ai #a4dd ,d's heal? has always be5 excell5t & no physical defects are kn[n to 8 p>5ts4 ,he is rat$ z v /able n]v\sly4 ,8 sl5d]ness has be5 rat$ z a defect by "o exam9]2 al?\gh he greatly exce$s ! norm 9 height1 he falls bel[ 9 weight4 ,he is !re=e v tall & sl5d] 9 appe>ance1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( 8 fa!r & uncles4 ,,miscellane\s ,,*>act]i/ics ,div]sions4 ,at ! age ( #g ye>s ,d's favorite amusem5ts 7 skat+1 ,me*ano1 read+1 play+ ball1 writ+1 tabulat+1 solitaire1 *ess1 & num]ical calculation 9 all its =ms4 ,z developm5t has proce$$1 he has cont9u$ mo/ ( ^! recreations1 turn+ m & m1 h[ev]1 to games ( intellectual skill4 ,he likes o!r *ildr5 & likes to be ) !m2 he has e/abli%$ relations ) !m by edit+ newspap]s = !m1 tea*+ !m ab\t nature1 & ! l4 ,play 9 ! s5se ( m]e purposeless s5sorimotor activity has n be5 enjoy$ by him4 ,imag9>y l&4 ,f ! age ( ab\t #d ye>s to ab\t ! age ( #g1 ,d 0 greatly int]e/$ 9 an imag9>y l& :i* he call$ ,born+t[n4 ,he sp5t _m h\rs peopl+ ,born+t[n1 lay+ out roads1 draw+ maps ( its t]ra91 compos+ & record+ its language 7,borni%71 & writ+ its hi/ory & lit]ature4 ,he compos$ a l5g?y diction>y--scores ( pages--( ! ,borni% language4 ,! orig9 ( ! words ,born+t[n & ,borni% is n kn[n4 ,x seems possible t ,d's imag9>y l& may h aris5 out ( ! my/]y ( be+ born4 ,gift = music4 ,d has _h piano lessons = sev]al ye>s1 & he has display$ rem>kable ability to deal ) ! ma!matical aspects ( music4 ,a sample is %[n ( 8 musical composition1 illu/rat+ 8 und]/&+ ( musical symbols & 8 ability to int]pret ?r\gh ?is m$ium4 ,he compos$ music be=e he _h any in/ruction 9 play+ musical in/rum5ts4 ,he read c]ta9 booklets :i* came ) ,ampico & decid$ to compose4 ,he c compose music :i* he _c himself play4 ,,fig #d4 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,composition ,,by ,d ,,at ,,age #h ,,ye>s #g ,,mon?s4 ,! composition is titl$ ,op4 #a1 ,dog's ,dance1 9 ,a ,major1 ) a ,tempo #ge1 ,mod]ato1 9 #h_/h "t4 ,! composition is m>k$ by #af?-note fl\ri%es1 eigh?-note triplets1 ea* /ave occasionally briefly *ang+ f _! orig9al clef to opposite clef 7e4g41 f treble to bass clef or vice v]sa7 & back aga91 a d$ication 7,d$icad$ sic to ',brutus' my aunt's dog171 & ! foll[+ directions to ! piani/1 mirror+ ! dog's activity1 appe>+ "u ! bass clef3 ,asleep 7#a/ measure71 ,bell r+s 7#bnd measure71 ,gets up & b>ks 7#crd measure7 scamp]s 7#d? measure71 scamp]s back 7#f? measure71 re/s 7measures #g #h71 ,he>s foot/eps 7#i? measure71 trots 7end ( #aj? measure71 ,ball is ?r[n & ,scamp]s aft] x 7#aa? measure71 ,ball /ops 7#ac? measure71 ,he foosle-woosles x 7#ad? measure71 ,trots back & ,drops x 7#ae? measure71 ,regrets x & ,trots 7#af? measure71 & ,drops x 7#ag? measure74 ,!re are v few errors 9 notation = a h&-writt5 composition ( ?is complexity2 ! errors t are made appe> to be simple ov]sights1 su* z us+ qu>t]-notes 9 a triplet in/ead ( eigh? notes1 us+ a half note :5 only a qu>t] beat rema9s 9 ! measure1 & ! l4 ,gifts = =m & color 9 draw+4 ,d's tal5t = color1 = draw+ & design1 has be5 m>k$ f ! "t he c\ld wield a p5cil4 ,8 draw+s1 pa9t+s1 & designs w\ld fill a book by !mselves4 ,a sample ( 8 orig9al "w at ! age ( #aj ye>s is reproduc$4 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,drawn ,,by ,d ,,at ,,age #i ,,ye>s #i ,,mon?s4 ,?is is a draw+ ( a small bird4 ,! beak is some:at elongat$1 ! legs /raight1 & ! eye q l>ge1 appe>+ simil> to simplifi$ _/ /yliz$ animals on a cre/4 ,?is conv5tionaliz$ bird is a fragm5t f 8 decoration = ! *e/ 9 :i* he kept 8 sci5tific "w at t "t4 ,?is oblong *e/ he pa9t$ ,*9ese r$1 ) ?ree figures on ! front4 ,^! 7 ! conv5tionaliz$ bird "h %[n1 a conv5tionaliz$ ne/ ) eggs1 & a conv5tionaliz$ butt]fly-- all pa9t$ 9 /rik+ comb9ations ( yell[1 blue1 gre51 & r$4 ,d loves color1 & "o ( 8 favorite play?+s has be5 a sample fold] ( silk buttonhole twi/s ( ?ree hundr$ %ades4 ,betwe5 ! ages ( #h & #i ye>s he w\ld g ov] & ov] ^!1 classify+ ! colors 9 v>i\s ways1 scor+ !m = beauty1 & r5am+ !m to satisfy 8 appreciation ( !m4 ,"s ( ^! names w give an idea ( 8 appreciation3 spott$ pale d>k d>k+ gre5 d>kl+ gre5 regul> gre5 %ame blue pap] :ite spoil$ p9k apron blue s(t light p9k beau yell[ mead[ beauty p9k visitor's gre5 cat black ali5 :ite royale/ r$ feel+ blue ,"o ( 8 favorite games 7ag$ #h to #i ye>s7 0 to assign a num]ical value to ea* ( ! #cjj %ades & !n to li/ !m = highe/ honors4 ,royale/ r$ ne>ly always won 9 ^! conte/s4 ,orig9ation ( new concepts & new words4 ,f e>lie/ *ildhood ,d has felt a ne$ = concepts & = words to express !m t are n to be f\nd 9 diction>ies4 ,8 occupation 9 ?is field he calls wordical "w4 ,"s examples are record$ by 8 "m 9 ! foll[+ note dat$ ,decemb]1 #aiaf4 ,0 hav+ 8 d9n] & be+ ne>ly f9i%$ said he didn't c>e to eat any m1 z he _h a pa9 9 8 actum pelop?is4 ,he expla9$ t 8 actum pelop?is1 actum quotatus1 s]balopsis1 & boobalicta are p>ts ( ! body :]e y sometimes h que] feel+s2 !y don't s]ve any purpose4 ,he said he also _h a place call$ ! boobalunksis1 or s\rce ( heada*es2 t ! hair usually spr+s out f ar\nd ! h]kadone2 t ! p]pal5sis is ! place :]e socks end1 & ! bogalegus is ! place :]e legs & tummy come toge!r4 ,he also nam$ "o o!r "p1 ! cobaliscus or sm]balooble1 ^: function is n expla9$4 ,! def9itions are exactly z he gave !m 9 ea* in/ance4 ,on ,febru>y #bc1 #aiag1 8 "m wrote3 ,he has n ref]r$ to ^! places s9ce4 ,i d n "k :]e he got ! idea = su* names1 unless possibly f ,! ,wat] ,babies4 ,he w\ld probably ref] !m to "s ,borni% s\rce4 ,! inv5tion & classification ( ! ,borni% language already ref]r$ to is ano!r example ( ,d's wordical "w4 ,he has also inv5t$ hundr$s ( words :i* h n be5 includ$ z ,borni%4 ,an example ( 8 h&-writ+1 illu/rative ( words he has inv5t$1 classifi$1 & record$ = pleasure1 is "h %[n4 ,,fig #f4 ,,"o ,,( ,d',s ,,v]bal ,,inv5tions4 ,! ^w def9$ is writt5 z ,ob7b7iquicki7e7u 7! e is circl$1 p]haps sugge/+ a lat] revision to comb9e ! o & e7 ,! def9ition :i* foll[s is3 ,obiquicke\s is a cube s5sibilitant ^w4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important words4 ,x is an adj4 & a n\n4 ,inv5tion ( games4 ,d has inv5t$ _m games4 ,to illu/rate ?is aspect ( 8 m5tal capacity1 !re are 8 designs = ?ree-h&$ & f\r-h&$ *eck]s4 #d ,d held t ^! w\ld be bett] games ?an two-h&$ *eck]s because !y are m complicat$4 ,a description ( ! games inv5t$ by ,d1 toge!r ) 8 ma!matical calculations conc]n+ ! *ances & probabilities 9 ea*1 w\ld fill _m pages4 ,calculation & ma!matical +5uity4 ,x is difficult to say t ,d is m gift$ 9 "o m5tal function or gr\p ( functions ?an 9 o!rs1 = 8 ability is s extraord9>y 9 all p]=mances t )\t means ( measurem5t "o _c tell 9 :i* he deviates f>!/ f ! av]age4 ,h[ev]1 x is to be obs]v$ t ! quantitative aspects ( exp]i5ce h always play$ a v /rik+ role 9 all 8 p]=mances4 ,ev5 9 deal+ ) color he turn$ to ma!matics & made 8 values quantitative4 ,?r\gh\t *ildhood he sp5t h\rs play+ ) num]ical relation%ips4 ,^! calculations cov] hundr$s ( pages4 ,!re is reproduc$ "h a sample ( su* "w1 *os5 at r&om f scores ( l mat]ial4 ,!re is no d\bt 9 ! m9d ( ! pres5t writ] ,l4 ,s4 ,h4 t ,d c\ld1 by practice ) %ort-cut me?ods1 easily become a lightn+ calculator4 ,by age ( #ab ye>s ,d _h f9i%$ college entrance requirem5ts 9 ari?metic1 algebra1 geometry1 & trigonometry1 all ) high m>ks4 ,,fig4 #g4 ,play+ ) numb]s1 ,*ild ,d1 age #g1 to f9d :at numb] "u #ajj has ! greate/ numb] ( factors1 c\nts up factors 9 ea* & aw>ds highe/ honors to #if4 ,?is figure li/s ! numb]s #hf-ajj1 & %[s ! numb]s factor$4 ,! w9n+ numb]s he includ$ are #if 7#f factors71 #dh 7#e71 #bd 7#d71 & #af 7#d74 ,x appe>s t he rank$ ! w9n+ numb]s n accord+ to ! actual numb]s ( ! places 7i4e41 #a/1 #bnd1 #crd1 & #d? places71 b r by ! ord] ( ! primes repres5t+ !m1 i4e41 #b is fir/ place1 #c is second place1 #e ?ird1 & #g f\r?4 ,additionally1 ! notes ,h4 ,c4 ,f & ,l ,c4 ,m4 are to ! left ( ! #if & #af1 respectively1 likely indicat+ highe/ common factor & l[e/ common multiple ( ! factors ( ! w9n+ numb]s4 ,t5d5cy to classify & diagram4 ,to classify ! data ( exp]i5ce has always be5 "o ( ,d's *ief int]e/s4 ,"o su* tabulation 0 ( p>ts ( spee* 9 v>i\s /ories & poems4 #e ,figure #h is a sample tak5 f _m pages ( reclassification ( birds4 ,! caption1 ,prop] ,sci5tific ,"n1 repres5ts ! "n consid]$ by ,d to be bett] ?an ^? n[ recogniz$ by orni?ologi/s4 ,8 classifications ( words1 numb]s1 colors1 musical notes1 objects1 & s =? w\ld fill a l>ge volume4 ,he (t5 con/ructs diagrams to cl>ify or cond5se mean+4 ,,fig4 #h4 ,a ,,sample ,,( ,d',s ,,classifications ,,"p #a ,,( #b1 ,columns #a-c4 ,classification ( birds se5 9 summ] #aiah4 ,classifi$ 9 ,feb41 #aiai4 ,prop] ,sci5tific ,"n is ! improv$ "n giv5 by ,d--4 ,f\nd ,"n ,g5us or1 ,sci5tific ,"h 7,popul>7 ,species1 etc4 ,n a m e 99 ,t[hee ,species ,ery?op?almus ,x ,:4-ey$ t[hee ,sub-,species ,e4 ,all5i ,x ,gre5-tail$ ,g5us ,oreospiza ,x ,blue ,grosbeak ,species ,ca]ulea 99 ,indigo ,bunt+ ,cyanea ,x ,pa9t$ ,ciris ,x ,l>k ,bunt+ ,calamospiza ,melanocorys 99 ,b>n ,swall[ ,ery?roga/ra 99 ,tree ,g5us ,iridoprocne 99 ,r$-ey$ ,vireo ,species ,olivacea ,wood ,w>bl]s ,family ,mniotiltidae 99 ,black ,:ite ,w>bl] ,species ,v>ia 99 ,yell[ ,w>bl] ,species ,a/iva 99 ,%4-,bill$ ,m>% ,wr5 ,g5us ,ci/o?orus 99 ,r$-br4 ,nu?at* ,species ,canad5sis ,,fig4 #h4 ,a ,,sample ,,( ,d',s ,,classifications ,,"p #b ,,( #b1 ,columns #a-d 7,sci5tific "n repeat$74 ,sci5tific ,"n ,prop] ,sci5tific "n ,equal ,ery?op?almus ,pipilo ,ery?4 99998 ,e4 ,all5i ,p4 ,leucophtalmus 999999 ,oreospiza ,pipilo 99998 ,ca]ulea ,cyanea 999999 ,cyanea ,ca]ulea 999999 ,ciris ,pictus 99998 ,calamospiza ,melanocorys ,melanospiza ,leucopt]a 999999 ,ery?roga/ra ,leucurus 999999 ,iridoprocne ,hirundo 999999 ,olivacea ,ery?rop?almus ,yes ,mniotiltidae ,d5droicidae 99998 ,v>ia ,/riata 99998 ,a/iva ,xan?o or ,auro ,yes ,ci/o?orus ,telmatotytes 8 ,canad5sis ,borealis ,yes no previ\s columns ,ery?roga/ra 99998 ,int]e/ 9 sci5ce4 ,by ! age ( #aj ye>s ,d's *ief int]e/ _h come to c5t] 9 sci5ce & x cont9u$ to c5t] !re4 ,8 classifications ( mo?s1 birds1 & ! l & 8 obs]vations ( _! life cycles are monum5tal4 ,!re are volumes ( ^! record$ obs]vations z 9 ,figure #i4 ,,fig #i4 ,,"o ,,( ,d',s ,,records ,,( ,,obs]vations4 ,,life ,,cycles ,,( ,,birds4 ,"h1 ! species ( birds are li/$ 9 a column1 ) mon?s ( ! ye> li/$ & spread out horizontally1 ) ! fir/1 #ae?1 & la/ days ( ! mon? und]nea? ea* mon?1 & sometimes ! #aj? & #bj? also4 ,! species include3 ,holbcel's ,grebe2 ,horn$ ,grebe2 ,pi$ ,bill$ ,grebe2 ,loon2 ,loon ,black-,?r42 ,loon ,r$-,?r42 ,puff92 ,black ,guill5ot2 ,murre2 ,murre ,brunni*'s2 ,razor-bill$ ,ank2 ,dovekie2 ,skua2 ,jaeg] ,pom>9e2 ,jaeg]1 ,p>asitic2 ,jaeg]1 ,long-tail$2 ,gull1 ,ivory2 ,gull1 ,kittawake2 ,gull1 ,glauc\s2 ,gull1 ,icel&2 ,gull1 ,kumli5s2 ,gull1 ,gr4 ,bl4-,back$2 ,gull1 ,h]r+2 ,gull1 ,r+-,bile$2 ,gull1 ,laugh+2 ,gull1 ,bonap>te's2 ,gull1 ,little-,casual2 ,gull1 ,sab9e2 ,t]n1 ,gull-,bill$2 ,t]n1 ,caspian2 ,t]n1 ,royal2 ,t]n1 ,cabot's2 ,t]n1 ,trudeau's2 ,t]n1 ,=/]'s2 ,t]n1 ,common2 ,t]n1 ,arctic2 ,t]n1 ,roseate2 ,t]n1 ,lea/2 ,t]n1 ,sooty2 ,t]n1 ,black4 ,ea* bird has a l9e or l9es to ! "r ( its "n1 correspond+ to ! times ( ye>4 ,figures #aj & #aa illu/rate 8 int]e/ 9 physical sci5ce4 ,!y h be5 tak5 f 8 notebooks & /ate problems :i* occurr$ spontane\sly to him & = :i* he tri$ exp]im5tally to f9d solutions4 ,dur+ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts to det]m9e ! pa? ( a tack1 x is report$ t ! h\se 0 full ( tacks :i* _h be5 us$ 9 attempt+ solutions4 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,copy ,,( ,,"w ,,done ,,by ,d ,,= ,,fun1 ,,m>* #bh1 #aiba1 ,,ag$ #aa ,,ye>s #a ,,mon?4 ( ! problem3 ,det]m9e ! appe>ance ( a f+]1 ,f1 to two eyes1 ,e,r & ,e,l1 focuss$ on a pole ,r at po9t ,p,s along l9es ,e,r,r & ,e,l,r4 ,diagram ( solution4 ,?ru sic ,r pass plane ,,pl _/_/ to ! plane ( ! eyes4 ,draw a l9e f ,e,l 7:i* is ne>] to ,f ?an ,e,r7 to ,f1 cutt+ ,,pl 9 ,o4 ,draw ,e,r,o2 ?ru ,f pass a plane _/_/ to ,,pl & cross+ ,e,r,o 9 ,a4 ,?ru ,a pass ,f' _/_/ ,f4 ,f' & ,f are ! positions ( ,f to ,e,r & ,e,l4 ,d4 ,s x c be %[n t #b o!r eyes w\ld see ,f 9 positions ,f & ,f''4 4'4 #d eyes focus$ on ,r see ,f z ,f1 ,f1 ,f' & ,f''4 ,d4 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,! ,,pa? ,,( ,a ,,tack4 ,,"w ,,done ,,by ,d ,,at ,,age #aa ,,ye>s4 ,discussion ( ! det]m9ation ( ! c\rse ( a fre$ tack1 ,t1 connect$ ) o!r tacks by rubb] b&s4 ,a4 ,fig4 #a4 ,diagram includ+ po9ts ,t1 ,t'2 b& ,b2 & ray ,l4 ,:5 connect$ to a tack ,t' by b& ,b4 ,draw ,t1 ,t'1 or ,l4 ,t fre$ w travel along ,l1 answ]4 ,b4 ,fig4 #b4 ,diagram includ+ po9ts ,t1 ,t'1 ,t''2 b&s ,b1 ,b'2 & ray ,l4 ,:5 connect$ to #b tacks ,t' & ,t'' by #b b&s ,b & ,b'4 ,answ]3 ,along ,l1 ! bisector ( ,t' & ,,ttt''4 ,c4 ,fig4 #c4 ,diagram includ+ po9ts ,t1 ,t'1 ,t''2 b& ,b2 & ray ,l4 ,! same z ,b1 b only #a b& ,b4 ,answ] same z to ,b4 ,d4 ,fig4 #d4 ,diagram includ+ po9ts ,t1 ,t#a1 ,t'1 ,t''2 & ray ,l4 ,:5 connect$ to #c tacks by any numb] ( b&s4 ,draw ,t',t#a1 & treat z 9 ,b & ,c4 ,d4 ,,s*ool ,,hi/ory ,9 ! ,septemb] foll[+ 8 n9? bir?day ,d ent]$ ^u =mal in/ruction 9 ! junior high s*ool4 ,9 ! autumn foll[+ 8 t5? bir?day he ent]$ s5ior high s*ool1 f :i* he 0 graduat$ at ! age ( #ab ye>s1 ) a s*ola/ic record :i* won = him two s*ol>%ips4 ,he 0 admitt$ to a l>ge ,ea/]n college at ! age ( #ab ye>s #f mon?s 7#aibb-aibc71 & made a sup]ior record ?r\gh\t ! c\rse4 ,x 0 v int]e/+ to see t ,d cont9u$ to discov] means ( obta9+ social contacts 9 spite ( ! great difficulties due to 8 extreme y\? & 8 intellectual deviation4 ,?us x is n easy to plan h[ a #ab-ye>-old boy might successfully p>ticipate 9 college a?letics :5 ! m$ian age ( college fre%m5 is ov] #ah ye>s1 b ?is problem 0 n too difficult = ,d4 ,he pres5t$ himself to compete = ! po/ ( coxswa9 on ! fre%m5 crew :]e1 o!r ?+s1 be+ equal1 light weight is an advantage4 ,he 0 graduat$ f college1 ) ,phi ,beta ,kappa honors1 9 #aibf1 at ! age ( #af ye>s #b mon?s4 ,at t "t he 0 ambiti\s = a c>e] 9 sci5ce4 ,,editor',s ,,supplem5t ,d und]took graduate "w1 ) di/9ction1 9 ! field ( *emi/ry4 ,he became an indu/rial *emi/ ) an important position 9 ! rese>* phases ( ! motion-picture indu/ry4 ,^w has be5 receiv$ ( 8 dea? 9 ,septemb]1 #aich4 #a ,?is *ild 0 describ$ 9 "s detail 9 ,*apt] ,,ix ( ,gift$ ,*ildr51 #aibf1 & ! e>li] "p ( ! pres5t acc\nt is tak5 f t *apt]4 ,9 ! lat] "p additional items are giv51 tak5 f ! au?or's #aibd manuscript1 & !re are a few editorial additions4 #b ,a facsimile ( a page f ?is pap] is reproduc$ on page #bdd ( ! au?or's book1 ,gift$ ,*ildr5 7,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york2 #aibf74 #c ,a note %[s t on ,m>* #af1 #aibf1 at j #af ye>s ( age1 ,d's height 0 #ga4e in*es & 8 weight #aae p\nds1 /ripp$4 ,,editor #d ,see ,gift$ ,*ildr51 pages #bdf-bdg4 #e ,ibid41 page #bde4 ,,*apt] ,,eight ,,*ild ,e ,*ild ,e :5 fir/ se5 0 a boy #h ye>s #d mon?s ( age4 ,he 0 born ,june #ag1 #aijh1 & ! fir/ psy*ological measurem5ts 7 made ,novemb] #d1 #aiaf4 ,! circum/ances t l$ to acqua9tance ) him 7 z foll[s3 ,a *ild ( exceptional intellig5ce 0 desir$ = demon/ration be=e a class at ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 engag$ 9 ! /udy ( ! psy*ology & treatm5t ( exceptional *ildr54 #a ,e 0 sugge/$ because ( 8 rem>kable s*ool record4 ,! cons5t ( ! p>5ts 0 secur$ & ! psy*ological exam9ation 0 made be=e a class ( ab\t ?irty /ud5ts4 ,?is 0 n1 ( c\rse1 ! ideal circum/ance "u :i* to p]=m a m5tal te/ = sci5tific record4 ,! presumption w\ld be t ! audi5ce w\ld t5d to r$uce ! *ild's p]=mance1 s t :atev] error !re might be f ?is s\rce w\ld be 9 ! direction ( mak+ ! *ild appe> less exceptional ?an he really 04 ,( c\rse no "o knew be=eh& t su* a ph5om5al record 0 ab\t to be made2 = _h su* an unusual result be5 expect$ ?is *ild w\ld h be5 kept = exam9ation "u m favorable laboratory conditions4 #b ,= an acc\nt ( ?is te/+1 see "u ,m5tal measurem5ts1 ?is *apt]4 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,little or no?+ is kn[n ( ,e's pat]nal relatives4 ,8 fa!r 0 sep>at$ f !m be=e age ( recollection4 ,( ,e's mat]nal ance/ry fairly complete g5ealogical records are available4 #c ,five p]sons be>+ ! surname ( ! "m settl$ 9 ,new ,engl& be=e #afej4 ,^! 7 probably all relat$ to ea* o!r4 ,! individual :o 0 ,e's direct ance/or fir/ appe>$ 9 ,new ,engl& 9 #afci & settl$ at ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts4 ,?is family atta9$ great di/9ction 9 ! six g5]ations record$ 9 ! ,new ,engl& g5ealogy4 ,a son ( ! fir/ ance/or 9 ,am]ica 0 a royal c\ncilor & ! greate/ m]*ant ( 8 day 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,a gr&son 0 royal gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts1 & lat] ( ,new ,j]sey2 he 0 also a patron ( le>n+4 ,a great-gr&son 0 *ief ju/ice & lieut5ant gov]nor ( ,nova ,scotia4 ,a great-great-gr&son 0 a royal c\ncilor ( ,nova ,scotia2 "s ( 8 *ildr5 settl$ aga9 9 ,engl&1 ( :om a son 0 a di/+ui%$ naval (fic]1 atta9+ ! rank ( re> admiral 9 ! ,briti% navy4 ,^! g5ealogical records1 & o!r records ( ,new ,engl& families :i* int]m>ri$ ) ?is family1 h n be5 br\ght up to date4 ,! mat]nal surname appe>s fir/ ab\t #aagf 9 ! records ( ,engl&1 & 0 app>5tly ,norman-,fr5* 9 orig94 ,! remote male ance/or #d f :om ! "m ( ,e d]ives ! middle "p ( h] maid5 "n 0 born 9 ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,m>* #aa1 #agec1 a desc5dant ( e>ly colonial settl]s 9 ,am]ica4 ,he 0 graduat$ f ,rhode ,isl& ,college 7n[ ,br[n ,univ]sity7 9 #aggc & lat] took a m$ical degree at ! ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,9 #aghc he 0 appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,mat]ia ,m$ica & ,botany at ,br[n4 ,9 #ahai he 0 elect$ a delegate f ! ,rhode ,isl& ,m$ical ,society1 ( :i* he 0 vice presid5t1 to ! conv5tion :i* =mulat$ ! ,national ,ph>macopoeia4 ,he took an active "p 9 ! organization & proce$+s ( ! ,rhode ,isl& ,society = ! ,enc\ragem5t ( ,dome/ic ,indu/ry4 ,9 #ahbd1 ) 8 son1 ,william1 he publi%$ ,! ,f>m]'s ,guide1 a compreh5sive "w on husb&ry & g>d5+4 ,he p>ticipat$ 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,academy ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 & deliv]$ _m lectures on botany4 ,he di$ at ! age ( #ha ye>s1 leav+ among desc5dants a l>ge proportion ( p]sons 9 ! le>n$ pr(essions4 ,fa!r4 ,e's fa!r1 :ile /ill a college und]graduate1 produc$ a ,lat9 play :i* 0 p]=m$ 9 a ,bo/on !at]4 ,s9ce graduation f college he has ma9ta9$ a ke5 int]e/ 9 educational matt]s4 ,he organiz$ a special libr>y ( insurance 9 ,bo/on :i* is n[ us$ z a ref]5ce libr>y all ov] ! _w4 ,he is at pres5t #aici engag$ 9 bus9ess2 has writt5 sev]al books2 is a univ]sity lectur] on insurance2 has s]v$ on _m important city commissions4 ,unusual m5tal end[m5t is cle>ly indicat$ by ! fact t he rose entirely by 8 own direction & ef=t to a po/ ( honor 9 an intricate field ( k4 ,he 0 #de ye>s old :5 ,e 0 born4 ,"m4 ,e's "m 0 a qualifi$ physician & a speciali/ 9 bact]iology4 ,= "s ye>s %e held a position z bact]iologi/ 9 "o ( ! municipal dep>tm5ts ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,aft] ! bir? ( h] son %e devot$ a great deal ( att5tion to 8 education & welf>e1 keep+ records ( 8 developm5t1 sup]vis+ 8 heal?1 & act+ z 8 tea*]4 ,%e (t5 accompani$ him to s*ool1 sometimes regi/]$ = c\rses along ) him1 or h]self took c\rses calculat$ to make h] m useful 9 8 tra9+4 ,%e gave an exceptional am\nt ( att5tion to 8 =mal educational program & cultivat$ ) him num]\s extracurricul> intellectual activities4 ,dur+ ,e's college c>e] ! two 7 (t5 se5 toge!r on ! campus4 ,,e>ly ,,hi/ory #e ,e 0 8 p>5ts' f\r? *ild1 ?ree girls hav+ be5 born be=e him1 all hav+ di$4 ,bir? 0 difficult4 ,he 0 bottle f$4 ,8 p>5ts 7 bo? 9 middle life at ! "t ( 8 bir?4 ,he cut 8 fir/ too? at #h mon?s--a lat]al incisor4 ,he walk$ at ?irte5 mon?s4 ,up to ! age ( #b ye>s ,e did n say a ^w4 ,he !n began to talk1 & be=e he 0 #c ye>s old 0 able to read su* books z ,pet] ,rabbit4 ,conv]sation ) him 0 c>ri$ on 9 ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,engli% equally4 ,:5 he did beg9 to talk he c\ld say 9 ^! f\r languages all ! words he knew4 ,heal?4 ,e's heal? has be5 exceptionally good f infancy4 ,he has _h no disord]s or diseases except measles1 & an occasional attack ( indige/ion4 ,he is exceptionally free f colds4 ,physical measurem5ts4 ,! figures giv5 bel[ z av]ages are = a boy ( #h ye>s #d mon?s :o is ! same height z ,e4 ,! av]age height = a boy ( ?is age is #di4g in*es4 ,! measurem5ts "h giv5 = ,e 7 transcrib$ f ! gymnasium records ( ! s*ool he 0 !n att5d+4 ,,*ild ,e ,,av]age ,,= ,,measurem5ts ,,octob] ,,age #h ,,ye>s #d ,,mon?s #cj1 #aiaf ,,at ,,height #ed4c ,,in*es ,weight #hi4c p\nds #gj4e p\nds ,height #ed4c in*es #ed4c p\nds ,gir? ( *e/ #ca4h in*es #be4f in*es ,gir? ( *e/1 exp&$ #cb4d in*es #bf4h in*es ,lung capacity #ajj cubic in*es #aab4j cubic in*es ,/r5g?1 "r =e>m #cj4i p\nds #ci4g p\nds ,/r5g?1 left =e>m #bb4j p\nds #cg4e p\nds ,x w ?us be se5 t ,e is consid]ably l>g] ?an ! av]age boy ( 8 age1 ?\gh ( less lung capacity & =e>m /r5g?4 ,o!r *>act]i/ics4 ,e has cle>1 well-mold$ features4 ,he does n l physical ex]cise ( any k9d b has _h special att5tion along ?is l9e1 su* z lessons 9 swimm+1 danc+1 & horseback rid+4 ,he sleeps elev5 h\rs & goes to sleep imm$iately ^u go+ to b$4 ,,s*ool ,,a*ievem5t ,e w5t to k9d]g>t5 f ! age ( #c ye>s to ! age ( #e ye>s4 ,f #e to #f he 0 out ( s*ool on acc\nt ( s*ool organization 7he c\ld n be accept$ 9 ! fir/ grade74 ,f #f to #g ye>s he att5d$ an op5-air1 ungrad$ s*ool & did ! "w ( ! second to ! f\r? grades4 ,f #g to #h ye>s he 0 9 ! f\r? grade 9 regul> s*ool classes1 & at ! "t ( fir/ obs]vation by ! writ]1 :5 he 0 #h ye>s old1 he 0 9 ! six? grade4 ,he 0 ?us ?ree full ye>s accel]at$ 9 s*ool grad+1 accord+ to age-grade norms1 b 0 /ill ?ree ye>s ret>d$ 9 s*ool accord+ to 8 ,m5tal ,age4 7,t]man makes special note ( ! fact t sup]ior *ildr5 are almo/ inv>iably ret>d$ 9 s*ool grad+ accord+ to ,m5tal ,age47 ,8 "m /at$ t "u private tutors ,e _h at ?is "t cov]$ ! "w ( ! sev5? & ne>ly all ! "w ( ! eigh? grade4 ,8 s*ool /&+1 on 8 la/ report prec$+ ?is initial acc\nt1 0 z foll[s 7! highe/ atta9able rat+ is #a1 ! l[e/1 #d73 ,c\rtesy #a ,composition #b ,p5man%ip #c ,promptness #a ,gramm> or ,indu/rial ,arts #a #g ,sy/em #a ,language #b ,f9e ,arts #d #h ,spell+ #b ,ma!matics #c #f ,music #b ,read+ or ,geography #a ,physical ,educa- ,lit]ature #a ,hi/ory #a tion #d ,sci5ce #a ,9 addition to 8 regul> s*ool "w ,e1 by ! "t he 0 #h ye>s old1 _h cov]$ ! foll[+ special "w 9 language & ma!matics1 ei!r ) a tutor or ) 8 "m3 ,ma!matics3 ,algebra z f> z equations2 geometry4 ,lat93 ,p>tial k ( ! f\r decl5sions 7he has be5 taught by ! direct1 in=mal me?od1 & reads easy ,lat974 ,greek3 ,work$ out ! alphabet = himself f an a/ronomical *>t1 betwe5 ! ages ( #e & #f ye>s4 ,fr5*3 ,equal to ab\t two ye>s 9 ! ord9>y s*ool4 ,g]man3 ,ord9>y conv]sation4 ,spani%3 ,att5d$ class ) 8 "m--reads & und]/&s4 ,italian3 ,read+ k & simple conv]sation4 ,portugese3 ,ask$ 8 "m to take ?is c\rse at ! ,columbia ,summ] ,s*ool because he c\ld n be regi/]$ himself4 ,hebrew3 ,a beg9n+4 ,anglo-,saxon3 ,a beg9n+4 ,a/ronomy3 ,he has work$ out all ! con/ellations f ,mac,cready1 & displays a v great int]e/ 9 ?is subject4 ,"o ev5+ ?is w9t] he notic$ a new planet ne> ! ,tw9s4 ,he said x 0 ,saturn b 8 "m ?\ght x 0 ,m>s4 ,e w5t home1 work$ ! position out f ! *>t & f\nd x to be ,saturn4 ,miscellane\s3 ,he has a great int]e/ 9 nature1 :]ev] f\nd1 & is already able to use ,apg> intellig5tly4 ,8 writ+ is n equal to 8 o!r accompli%m5ts4 ,he is v sl[ at x & = ?is reason dictates mo/ ( 8 home "w to a /5ograph]4 ,hi/ory is 8 *ief & absorb+ int]e/ among s*ool subjects4 ,,m5tal ,,measurem5ts ,at ! "t ,e 0 fir/ te/$1 at ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 9 ,novemb]1 #aiaf1 ! ,/an=d revision ( ! ,b9et-,simon measur+ scale 0 us$ = ! det]m9ation ( ! *ild's m5tal level4 ,g5]al intellig5ce4 ,! exam9] ,l4 ,s4 ,h4 began ) ! ball-9-!-field te/4 ,e respond$ at once ) ! sup]ior solution1 ?us giv+ a prelim9>y cue to ! quality ( 8 m9d1 & ! exam9] proce$$ imm$iately ) ! o!r te/s at ! #ab-ye> level ( intellect4 ,e pass$ all ! #ab-ye> te/s ) facility & ease1 giv+ responses ( excell5t quality4 ,f ! #ab-ye> level ! exam9] !n work$ =w>d 9 all ! high] levels ?r\gh ,sup]ior ,adult4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 a long exam9ation1 & 9 view ( ! actual age ( ! *ild x 0 deem$ be/ to give ! te/s at two sep>ate sitt+s1 :5 x 0 se5 t he w\ld cov] ! :ole upp] range ( ! scale4 ,! exam9ation 0 !re=e accompli%$ 9 two sitt+s ( ab\t fifty m9utes ea*4 ,! f9al record ( ,e %[s t he measures on ! scale z foll[s3 ,levels #a ye> to #g ye>s ,,ye>s ,,mon?s #h #i #aj #ab #ab #ad #af ,adult #ae ,sup]ior ,adult #ab --- ---- ,total #ae #g ,s9ce 8 actual age is #h ye>s #d mon?s & 8 ,m5tal ,age is #ae ye>s #g mon?s1 8 ,,iq is #ahg4 ,on ! curve ( ! di/ribution ( intellect he /&s elev5 times ! probable error 7#aa ,,pe7 remov$ f ! norm1 a position occupi$ by b "o *ild 9 m ?an a million4 ,he /&s z f> remov$ f ! av]age 9 ! direction ( sup]iority z an idiot /&s remov$ f ! av]age 9 ! direction ( inf]iority4 ,an analysis ( 8 p]=mance %[s t ,e _h extraord9>y appreciation ( ! exact use ( words & ( ! %ades ( diff]5ce betwe5 words4 ,he gave correct mean+s = #fd words out ( ! #ajj 9 ! vocabul>y te/4 ,8 vocabul>y ?us includes #aa1ebj words4 ,! score ( ! ,av]age ,adult is #fe words4 ,?us he j miss$ scor+ on ?is ,av]age ,adult te/4 ,samples ( 8 def9itions are z foll[s3 scor*--is :at happ5s to a ?+ :5 expos$ to great heat4 quake--is a k9d ( movem5t1 un9t5d$4 ramble--is a walk tak5 = pleasure4 n]ve--is a ?+ y feel by--= in/ance1 cold4 maje/y--is a ^w us$ to address a k+--y\r maje/y4 ,m>s--is a planet4 peculi>ity--is some?+ y d t nobody else does4 mosaic--is a picture made by _m small pieces ( m>ble4 bewail--is to be extremely sorr[ful4 tol]ate--is to all[ o!rs to d :at y don't l y\rself4 lotus--is a k9d ( fl[]4 h>py--is a k9d ( half-bird1 half-woman1 ref]r$ to 9 ,virgil4 f5--is a k9d ( m>%4 laity--is n cl]gy4 amb]gris--x comes f a :ale4 /raw--! /alk ( a c]eal plant4 lecture--someone giv+ a v long talk ab\t some?+ to an audi5ce4 ,e also has a prodigi\s ability = compreh5d+ & =mulat+ ab/ract ideas1 & = work+ ) symbols4 ,he gave ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! ab/ract concepts "u ,av]age ,adult z foll[s3 a--laz9ess & idl5ess4 ,laz9ess is t y don't want to "w2 idl5ess is t y c't1 = a :ile4 b--evolution & revolution4 ,evolution is mak+ ?+s f ! beg9n+2 revolution is *ang+ !m4 c--pov]ty & mis]y4 ,pov]ty is :5 y don't h any?+2 mis]y is h[ y feel :5 someone insults y4 d--"* & reputation4 ,"* is :at he really is2 reputation is :at !y ?9k he is4 ,e succe$$ 9 rev]s+ ! clock h&s ?ree times )\t any error 9 less ?an a m9ute = ea* trial4 ,he 0 able to reproduce ! ?\ght f ! selection beg9n+ ,_m op9ions h be5 giv5 ab\t ! value ( life z well z a ,sup]ior ,adult4 ,he solv$ ! ?ree m5tal ari?metic problems "u ,,xiv1 #e1 9 less ?an a m9ute ea*1 absolutely )\t error4 ,^! p]=mances s]ve to illu/rate 8 precoci\s p[] ov] symbols & ov] ab/ractions4 ,8 att5tion1 conc5tration1 & capacity = su/a9$ ef=t are illu/rat$ by ! fact t he 0 able to repeat five digits backw>ds twice out ( ?ree trials absolutely )\t error1 be=e a class ( ?irty adults4 ,8 memory span = digits repeat$ =w>d is at lea/ #h4 7,he 0 n tri$ ) m ?an #h digits47 ,dur+ ! exam9ation he %[$ nei!r emb>rassm5t nor any t5d5cy to %[ (f4 ,he 0 al]t1 int]e/$1 & gave 8 att5tion /rictly to ! bus9ess 9 h&4 ,he always knew :5 he _h fail$ on a te/1 & gave up ) great reluctance4 ,= example1 he 0 unable to solve ! problems "u ,,xviii1 #f1 9 ! "t allott$2 b he c>ri$ ^! data away 9 8 head1 & held to !m t5aci\sly till he _h solv$ ! problems4 ,9 sev]al in/ances aft] he _h giv5 8 reply he reca/ x 9 bett] =m4 ,9 %ort1 he exemplifi$ 9 rem>kable degree all ! *>act]i/ics :i* ,b9et f9ally *ose z symptomatic ( intellectual p[]2 i4e41 7#a7 ! ability to make & ma9ta9 a giv5 direction2 7#b7 ! capacity to make adaptations = ! purpose ( obta9+ a desir$ end2 & 7#c7 ! p[] ( auto-criticism4 ,special te/s4 ,foll[+ ! proc$ure describ$ by ,sea%ore1 & us+ ! set ( =ks recomm5d$ by him1 ,e 0 te/$ = pit* discrim9ation1 be+ giv5 sev5 trials ) ! :ole s]ies ( =ks4 ,8 record 0 z foll[s1 mean+ a correct answ] & -- mean+ a false "o4 ,,vibration ,,diff]5ces #cj #bc #ag #ab #h #e #c #b #a 4#e ,s]ies #a #b -- -- -- #c -- -- -- #d -- -- -- #e -- -- #f -- -- #g -- -- ,8 ?re%old = pit* discrim9ation w\ld ?us seem to be n great] ?an five vibrations1 & w\ld probably be f\nd to be z l[ z ?ree if a m complete te/ 7 possible4 ,?is is a v good record1 accord+ to ,sea%ore's /&>ds4 ,e gave free associations to ! fir/ #ej words ( ! ,k5t-,rosan(f li/ ( words1 bo? /imulus & response words be+ oral4 ,! /imulus words & responses foll[3 ,,/imulus ,,response ,,/imulus ,,response ,,/imulus ,,response table d9n] smoo? surface ne$le slim d>k night comm& army r$ color music s(t *air cu%ion sleep fa/ sickness fatal sweet sug> ang] sick man tall :i/le blew c>pet bagg] deep ocean woman lady girl pretty s(t c\* cold coal high m\nta9 eat+ d9n] sl[ tra9 work+ p m\nta9 sn[capp$ wi% ,i s\r lemon h\se brick riv] ,hudson e>? big black dog :ite color tr\ble great mutton beef beautiful dress soldi] brave com=t y\r w9d[ glass cabbage gre5 h& dirty r\gh surface h>d surface %ort man citiz5 ,u4 ,s4 eagle swift fruit orange foot b>e /oma* a*e butt]fly mo? spid] black ,at once aft] giv+ "s ( ^! responses ,e expla9$ :y he _h giv5 !m4 ,?us he expla9$ t c>pet bagg] _h to d ) ,civil ,w> hi/ory4 ,aft] giv+ beef 9 response to mutton he smil$ & said1 ,t's a joke1 isn't x8 ,:5 ask$ :y he ?\ght x a joke he repli$ t he ?\ght v few p w\ld give t answ]4 ,aft] ! te/ he 0 told t #ig p 9 a ?\s& gave beef 9 response to mutton1 & he at once said1 ,t5 p] c5t1 t's n s v _m4 ,x 0 impossible1 = lack ( "t1 to give ,e ! complete li/ ( #ajj words usually giv5 9 ?is te/4 ,us+ ! #ej z a basis = calculation1 #gh p] c5t ( ! responses are common responses 9 ! ,k5t-,rosan(f s5se ( ! ^w1 a numb] ( common responses :i* *ildr5 d n usually %[ until aft] ! age ( #aj ye>s4 ,8 m$ian ( community 7a measure n yet /&>diz$ = age levels7 is #a4d p] c5t4 ,e 0 giv5 ! ,p9tn] =m ( ! ,knox ,cube ,te/1 & a*iev$ #aa ( ! #ab l9es arrang$ by ,p9tn]4 ,! av]age record = ! #af-ye>-old is only #h l9es1 & ?is is ! highe/ level = :i* ?is te/ is yet /&>diz$4 ,! usual tapp+ te/ 0 giv51 tapp+ cont9u\sly ) ! "r h&1 ) ! /ylus1 = "o m9ute4 ,! record 0 #bci taps only1 :i* is l[] ?an ! av]age #h-ye>-old record4 ,giv5 ?ree m9utes 9 :i* to make up words out ( ! lett]s ,a-,e-,i-,r-,l-,p1 ,e made ! foll[+3 a1 rip1 pie1 lie1 ale4 ,he 0 giv5 ?irty m9utes 9 :i* to put toge!r ! pieces 9 ! ,/5qui/ ,con/ruction ,box ,,ii1 & 0 n able to put any ( ! pieces toge!r4 ,he began at "o end ( ! box1 exam9$ ea* set ( mat]ials 9 turn1 tri$ to put !m toge!r 9 an indiscrim9ate way1 put !m back1 & w5t on to ! next set ( mat]ials4 ,he rem>k$1 ,i don't seem to be able to put any ( !m toge!r4 ,x seems t all ,i c d is f\nd out :at ea* ( ! ?+s is =4 ,he recogniz$ t v>i\s sets ( pieces 7 a m\setrap1 a lock1 a bell1 etc41 b made a z]o score f ! po9t ( view ( con/ruction4 ,at ! end ( tw5ty m9utes he gave up & turn$ away f ! mat]ials4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ! *ild's record 9 con/ruction te/s & 8 comm5ts reg>d+ ^! te/s1 ) 8 s*ool record 9 indu/rial arts & f9e arts4 ,e receives ! be/ possible rat+ 9 indu/rial arts because he has ke5 insight into processes & c expla9 h[ to con/ruct a me*anism or p]=m an op]ation cle>ly & m9utely1 ?\gh he is unable to c>ry out 8 own in/ructions4 ,= in/ance1 he c tell exactly h[ to make a boat1 b he _c make ! boat himself4 ,!re is ?us an int]e/+ di/9ction "h betwe5 con/ructive ability & manual dext]ity4 ,simil>ly1 9 f9e arts ,e has _m ideas = decorative s*emes1 b he is unable to execute ^! ideas ) 8 h&s4 ,,social ,,habits1 ,,ta/es1 ,,etc4 ,e does n c>e to play1 & w\ld nev] d s unless =c$4 ,he is v imp]sonal & agreeable 9 8 attitude t[>d o!r *ildr54 ,8 *ief div]sion is read+ & 8 favorite book at ! age ( #h is ,ivanhoe4 ,he has no hobbies at ?is age4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aiaf1 aft] c>eful & ?\ghtful prep>ation1 he 0 confirm$ 9 ! ,episcopal *ur*4 ,8 desire is to be a cl]gyman & to become a mission>y4 ,:5 ask$ :at he w\ld consid] ! mo/ fun 9 life1 he repli$ ,to h /ati/ics ( my imag9>y c\ntry4 ,?is c\ntry is on ,v5us4 ,x is inhabit$ by p & has a navy l ours4 ,e does n volunte] mu* in=mation ab\t 8 int]e/s4 ,all ^! items _h to be elicit$ by que/ion+4 ,,lat] ,,m5tal ,,measurem5ts ,9 ! spr+ ( #aibj ,e took ! ,?orndike ,m5tal ,te/s = ,fre%m51 = entrance to ,columbia ,college4 ,an (ficial lett] f ! ,director ( ,admissions at ,columbia ,college /ates t1 ,9 ! ,fre%m5 ,te/s he 0 numb] two1 out ( #dhc ent]+ ,columbia ,college4 ,he 0 at ?is "t #ab ye>s #j mon?s old2 ! m$ian age ( 8 competitors 0 ab\t #ah ye>s4 ,,on ,septemb] #bi1 #aiba1 ,e 0 exam9$ by means ( ! ,army ,alpha 7,=ms #e & #f1 ,exam9] ,l4 ,s4 ,h47 = ! purpose ( record+ 8 m5tal developm5t4 ,on ,alpha1 ,=m #e1 he made a score ( #aid po9ts1 f9i%+ sev]al ( ! te/s1 )\t error1 be=e ! "t limit4 ,on ,=m #f1 :i* 0 tak5 subsequ5tly1 on ! same aft]noon1 8 score 0 #bja po9ts2 & ) ^!1 too1 "s ( ! te/s 7 f9i%$ 9 ab\t two ?irds ( ! "t all[$1 )\t error4 ,z ! me?od ( scor+ ,alpha does n provide = a "t bonus1 ?is _c be tak5 into acc\nt 9 ! =mal score4 ,9 ,april1 #aibg1 at ! reque/ ( ! writ] ,l4 ,s4 ,h4 ,e took ! te/s ( ! ,,i] ,intellig5ce ,scale ,,cavd1 ,levels ,m-,q4 ,?is s]ies ( te/s is describ$ 9 a rec5t publication4 #i ,briefly x may be said "h t ?is in/rum5t 0 *os5 = ! purpose 9 h& because x is ! mo/ ?or\gh me?od available = approximat+ 9 quantitative t]ms ! intellig5ce ( ! be/ among college graduates4 ,e's score on ?is te/1 at ,levels ,m-,q1 0 #dda po9ts4 ,! score ( ! av]age adult is n yet kn[n1 b ! m$ian score ( college graduates 9 pr(essional s*ools ( fir/-rate /&>ds is #dae po9ts1 ) an upp] qu>tile at #dba po9ts4 ,! be/ scores yet made by college graduates hov] ab\t #ddj po9ts4 #aj ,?us ,e rates plus #d ,,pe 9 relation to college graduates 9 fir/-rate pr(essional s*ools1 rank+ ) ! be/ m9ds reveal$ 9 any gr\p s f> te/$4 ,^! gr\ps may ea* be expect$ to include "s ( ! be/ intellects exi/+4 ,! comp>ative gr\ps are1 ( c\rse1 old] ?an ,e4 ,"s ( !m are compos$ ( p]sons ov] #cj ye>s ( age on ! av]age1 :ile all are pa/ #bj ye>s4 ,e 0 #ah ye>s #i mon?s ( age on ! date :5 he took ! te/1 9 comp>ison ) ^! gr\ps4 ,! numb] ( ye>s liv$ 9 an intellectual environm5t1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 probably affects results to "s ext5t 9 favor ( ^? :o h liv$ long]4 ,a score ( #dda po9ts on ! ,,i] ,scale corresponds to a score ( ab\t #aaf po9ts on ! m widely kn[n ,?orndike ,te/s = ,college ,fre%m54 ,! top "o p] c5t ( college graduates make a score ( #ajh or bett] on ! latt] te/4 ,e1 !re=e1 surely rates at lea/ 9 ! top "o qu>t] ( "o p] c5t ( college graduates4 ,e1 x w be not$1 0 at ?is "t at ! av]age age ( college fre%m54 ,at ! age ( #h ye>s ,e rat$ plus #aa ,,pe 9 g5]al intellig5ce 7by ,/an=d-,b9et7 z comp>$ ) ! g5]ality ( #h-ye>-olds4 ,x seems likely t 9 ^! lat] measurem5ts he rat$ at ab\t ! same /atus1 9 relation to ! g5]ality ( #ah-ye>-olds1 s9ce 8 /atus is plus #d4c ,,pe 9 relation to highly select$ gr\ps ( college graduates4 ,e1 at ! age ( #ah1 0 probably mature--or ne>ly mature-- intellectually4 ,h[ev]1 9 view ( rec5t f9d+s 9 reg>d to ! gr[? ( intellig5ce among pupils 9 high s*ools1 we _c be sure t at ?is age he has q rea*$ ! maximum ( possible accretions ( p[] f inn] gr[?4 #aa ,,lat] ,,physical ,,measurem5ts ,on ,septemb] #bi1 #aiba1 ,e's physical measurem5ts 7 z foll[s3 ,/&+ height #fd4b in*es ,sitt+ height #ca4g in*es ,weight 7summ] clo?+7 #aff p\nds ,at ?is "t 8 heal? cont9u$ to be excell5t2 9 fact1 he has nev] _h a s]i\s illness ( any k9d4 ,e 0 measur$ aga9 9 ,octob]1 #aibf4 ,by ?is "t he _h probably a*iev$ 8 maximum /ature4 ,8 age 0 !n #ah ye>s #d mon?s4 ,he 0 /ill 9 excell5t heal?1 ! only illness 9 ! int]v5+ five ye>s be+ a light case ( sc>let fev]4 ,at ?is "t ! measurem5ts 73 ,/&+ height #f feet #a in* ,weight 7/ripp$7 #aid4ge p\nds ,,lat] ,,s*ola/ic ,,records ,9 ! spr+ ( #aiag ,e f9i%$ ! six?1 sev5?1 eigh?1 & n9? grade "w at ! ,horace ,mann ,s*ool1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,he 0 !n j #i ye>s old4 ,!reaft] he att5d$ ! ,fri5ds ,sem9>y1 ,new ,york ,city1 & 0 graduat$ f ! high s*ool !re 9 ! spr+ ( #aibj1 ) an excell5t record & excess cr$its1 at ! age ( #aa ye>s #aj mon?s4 ,by ?is "t ,e _h also pass$ ! compreh5sive exam9ations ( ! ,college ,entrance ,bo>d = ,h>v>d ,college4 ,! (ficial communication f ,h>v>d au?orities1 mak+ /atem5t to ?is effect1 has be5 se5 by ! writ]4 ,e's mat]nal ance/ors _h att5d$ ,h>v>d 7"o ( !m hav+ graduat$ f !re at ! age ( #ah ye>s1 accord+ to records71 b ,e express$ a desire to att5d ,columbia & receiv$ p]mission to take ! m5tal te/s ) ! applicants ( #aibj4 ,he 0 admitt$ to ,columbia ,college ) ! fre%m5 ( #aibj1 ) #ad po9ts ( advance cr$it t[>d a ,b4,a4 degree4 ,!re is at h& an (ficial /atem5t ( ,e's academic /atus on ,june #a1 #aiba1 at ! age ( n q #ac ye>s4 ,he _h !n #df po9ts ( academic cr$it t[>d a ,b4,a4 degree 9 ,columbia ,college4 ,dur+ 8 fre%man ye> he made #cb po9ts1 ma9ta9+ consi/5tly a grade ( ,b1 except 9 two subjects4 ,9 physical education 8 rat+ 0 ,c1 & 9 contempor>y civilization he made ,a ! fir/ seme/]4 #ab ,e att5d$ ! summ] session ( #aiba at ,columbia1 mak+ five cr$it po9ts1 all ,a grade1 & 9 ,septemb]1 #aiba1 0 a sophomore ) _m po9ts ( cr$it 9 advance ( m9imum sophomore /atus4 ,9 addition to hav+ pass$ ! compreh5sive exam9ations = college entrance1 he _h pass$ ! exam9ations 9 trigonometry1 solid geometry1 *emi/ry1 & physics1 & 0 at ?is "t #ac ye>s #c mon?s ( age4 ,,extracurricul> ,,activites ,e 0 ( c\rse a conspicu\s fre%man because ( 8 extreme y\?1 & he 0 haz$ by ! sophomores = refus+ to we> a prescrib$ necktie4 ,"o ( ! ,new ,york newspap]s comm5t$ on 8 conduct "u haz+ z foll[s3 ,he has demon/rat$ t he is nev]!less a regul> fell[4 ,he did x fir/ by br++ ab\t a conflict 9 :i* he himself 0 ! mu* buffet$ prize ( battle1 & !n by glory+ 9 8 bruises in/ead ( mak+ !m ! basis ( a grievance4 ,he is a good sport z well z a good s*ol>1 & be+ bo? he ought to g f>4 ,e also p>ticipat$ 9 ! class play1 giv5 9 #aiba1 humor\sly cons5t+ to imp]sonate himself4 ,manual "w _h no m *>m = him at ?is date ?an x _h :5 he 0 #h ye>s old4 ,t he c "w ) 8 h&s & ) mat]ials :5 motivat$ is sugge/$ by an incid5t connect$ ) ! ,lib]ty ,bond drive4 ,8 tea*] relates t ,e want$ to pay = 8 own bond2 s he made jelly1 work+ at x until v good jelly 0 made1 & sold x = ! purpose specifi$4 ,9 rec5t ye>s ,e has develop$ a ke5 int]e/ 9 detective /ories4 ,,tea*]s' ,,comm5ts ,comm5ts f ,e's tea*]s dur+ ! la/ five ye>s up to ?is date #aiba are indicative ( _! e/imates3 ,! regul> c\rse ( /udy has be5 s easy t he has1 9 sev]al subjects1 notably ,engli% & hi/ory1 accompli%$ a great am\nt ( volunt>y "w outside ! c\rse4 ,an excell5t mix] ) o!r /ud5ts4 ,8 weekly visits h be5 a pleasure & anticipation1 & 8 ability to und]/& )\t ,engli% ! spok5 ,lat9 & ! au?ors z ,i h read !m al\d to him has be5 extraord9>y4 ,has done v rem>kable "w 9 sci5ce1 p>ticul>ly 9 !ory4 ,i pr$ict = him a great s*ola/ic record 9 college4 ,i consid] x a privilege to h _h some?+ to d ) tea*+ him4 ,possesses a p[] 9 ,lat9 t few p]sons t5 ye>s 8 s5ior c boa/4 ,has %[n devotion to ! be/ int]e/s ( ! s*ool4 ,,summ>y ,,up ,,to #aiba ,9 ! five ye>s :i* h elaps$ s9ce ,e 0 fir/ te/$ m5tally he has %[n no t5d5cy to become m$iocre4 ,8 gifts h n gr[n less2 he ma9ta9s 8 sup]ior /atus 9 m5tal te/s4 ,z = a*ievem5t1 he has pass$ dur+ ?is int]val f ! six? grade ( ! elem5t>y s*ool1 half ?r\gh ! second ye> ( college4 ,av]age *ildr51 ! c\ntry ov]1 born :5 ?is *ild 0 born1 & measur+ #ajj ,,iq :5 he measur$ #ahg ,,iq1 are n[ 9 ! sev5? grade ( ! elem5t>y s*ools4 ,e /ill wi%es to be a cl]gyman & to g abroad z a mission>y4 ,to ?is end he int]e/s himself especially 9 hi/ory1 ! languages1 & an?ropology4 ,x is an int]e/+ !oretical "q z to h[ f> human intellig5ce may v>y f ! norm 9 ! direction ( sup]iority4 ,! case ( ?is *ild has be5 plac$ on record l>gely because x seems probable t su* cases repres5t v ne>ly ! extreme possible limit ( v>iation 9 ! human species z x n[ exi/s4 ,at #h ye>s ( age 8 ,,iq /ood at plus #aa ,,pe 7#a ,,pe be+1 accord+ to ,t]man1 equal to #h ,,iq #ac 74 ,! probabilities are usually reg>d$ z slight t cases beyond #e ,,pe w occur4 ,p]haps ! range 9 human intellect is mu* great] ?an probabilities w\ld lead u to guess4 ,s9ce ! initial report ( ?is *ild's qualities1 read]s h occasionally ask$ ) :at mean+ ! ^w prodigi\s 0 us$ 9 ref]5ce to him4 ,x 0 us$ 9 ! diction>y s5se ( wond]ful1 extraord9>y4 ,9 ^! reports !re is no int5tion to approve or to disapprove ! educational regim5 pursu$4 ,:o kn[s :at %\ld be ! educational treatm5t ( a *ild /&+ at #aa ,,pe 9 intellect8 ,! sole int5tion is to record ! id5tification & developm5t ( a deviation s extreme t ! *ances are !oretically almo/ nil t x w\ld occur at all4 ,,ev5tual ,,s*ola/ic ,,records ,9 ,june1 #aibc1 ,e 0 graduat$ f ,columbia ,college1 ) ! degree ( ,b4,a4 ,he took g5]al honors1 ,phi ,beta ,kappa honors1 & ! ,engli% ,sem9>y ,prize1 aw>d$ by ! ,society = ,promot+ ,religion & ,le>n+ = ! be/ essay 9 s]mon =m on an assign$ topic4 ,he 0 )9 elev5 days ( 8 fifte5? bir?day :5 he 0 graduat$4 ,he 0 elect$ to ,phi ,beta ,kappa at ! age ( #ad ye>s1 probably ! y\nge/ p]son ev] elect$ to t organization4 ,e 0 graduat$ ) excess cr$it 7#h po9ts7 t[>d ! ,m4,a4 degree4 ,?is degree 0 aw>d$ him 9 ,june1 #aibd1 :5 he 0 n q #af ye>s ( age1 m ?an en\gh "w = x hav+ be5 accompli%$4 ,he 0 matriculat$ = ! ,ph4,d4 degree be=e he 0 #af ye>s old1 & by ! age ( #ah ye>s #i mon?s _h practically f9i%$ all ! requirem5ts = t degree except complet+ ! diss]tation4 ,! diss]tation topic _h be5 !n approv$1 9 ! field ( hi/ory1 & ,e 0 at "w on ! mat]ial4 ,9 ,octob]1 #aibf 7ag$ #ah ye>s #d mon?s71 ,e ent]$ ^u 8 pr(essional /udies = ! m9i/ry 9 ! !ological sem9>y ( 8 *oice4 ,s9ce ! age ( #ae he _h done special "w at ! sem9>y4 ,he _h read pray]s 9 "o ( ! city *ur*es z a lay read] s9ce ! age ( #af & 0 at ?is "t a c&idate = ord9ation z deacon1 b ?is ord9ation c\ld n take place be=e ! tw5ty-fir/ bir?day4 ,9 ! initial report ( ,e x w be f\nd t he _h decid$ be=e he 0 #e ye>s old to be cl]gyman4 ,x n[ appe>$ t 8 pr(essional c\rse t[>d t end w\ld be complet$ 9 #aibi4 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,a ,,memor&um ,,f ,e4 ,pr(essional c\rse w be f9i%$ 9 #aibi4 ,! subject ( ! !sis on :i* ,i am n[ work+1 is def9itely approv$ & publi%$ 7decid$ ,june1 #aibe72 ! o!r requirem5ts are practically f9i%$4 ,apollonius1 ,diocetes8 ( ,egypt 7#crd c5tury ,b4,c4 ,egyptian hi/ory1 #aibc7 ,work$ on ord] ( ,pl9y's lett]s 7#aibd-be7 ,at pres5t read+ ,greek papyri4 ,mak+ my illegible 9 ,mod]n ,european ,hi/ory1 work$ on ,iri% con/itutional hi/ory 7#aibd-aibe7 ,,rese>*es ,,( ,e ,:5 ,e 0 #aj ye>s old he made an orig9al contribution 9 connection ) ! ,p5tateu*1 & 0 made a memb] ( ,! ,ori5tal ,society ( ,rese>* 9 ,j]usalem4 ,at #ac ye>s ( age ,e 0 fir/ admitt$ to ! ,bodleian ,libr>y1 at ,ox=d1 = purposes ( rese>*4 ,9 #aibc ,e pres5t$ 8 ,m4,a4 essay--,appolonius1 ,diocetes ( ,egypt--:i* p]ta9s to ,egyptian hi/ory ( ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 & is on file 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,e has also done rese>* 7#aibd-aibe7 on ! ord] ( ,pl9y's lett]s2 on ,iri% con/itutional hi/ory 7#aibd-aibe72 & 0 9 #aibf & #aibg read+ ,greek papyri4 ,! subject ( 8 diss]tation to be submitt$ 9 p>tial fulfillm5t ( ! requirem5ts ( ! ,ph4,d4 0 report$ z ,feudal ,e/ates 9 ,byzant9e ,egypt4 #ad ,,summ>y ,,( ,,developm5t ,a summ>y ( ,e's developm5t ov] ! p]iod f #aiaf to #aibg1 giv5 9 ! table bel[1 %[s cle>ly t ! sup]ior magnitudes1 bo? ( m5tal calib] & ( physical size1 s m>k$ly pres5t at ! age ( #h ye>s1 are ma9ta9$ z gr[? t]m9ates4 ,,*ild ,e ,,norms ,,= ,,private ,,s*ools #ae ,born ,june #ag1 #aijh1 z %[n by bir? c]tificate & hospital records4 ,novemb] #d1 #aiaf ,height #ed4c in*es #di4e in*es ,weight #hi4c p\nds #ed4b p\nds ,intellect ,,iq #ahg 7,s-,b7 ,,iq #ajj 7,s-,b7 ,s*ola/ic /atus #f? grade1 #c;d grade1 elem5t>y elem5t>y ,septemb] #bi1 #aiba ,height #fd4b in*es #eh4b in*es ,weight #aff4j p\nds #hi4e p\nds ,intellect #aid po9ts1 ,army #dg po9ts1 ,alpha1 ,=m #e ,alpha ,army ,s*ola/ic #d? seme/]1 #h? grade1 /atus college elem5t>y s*ool ,octob] #bf1 #aibf ,height #gc in*es #fg in*es ,weight #aid4g p\nds #aej p\nds ,april #a1 #aibg ,intellect #dda po9ts1 ,,i] ,n yet kn[n ,te/s ,s*ola/ic /atus ,b4,a4 #aibc ,has left ,m4,a4 #aibd s*ool to ,ph4,d4 c&idate g to "w ,also f9i%+ fir/ ye> 9 ,!ological ,sem9>y ,,editor',s ,,supplem5t ,al?\gh no foll[-up inquiry has be5 made s9ce ! ye> #aibg1 a few items glean$ f clipp+s f\nd 9 ! au?or's files are relevant4 ,^! are newspap] acc\nts1 *iefly 9 connection ) ,e's be+ orda9$ z deacon1 & lat] elevat$ to ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal prie/hood4 ,^! articles recite t ,e-- ,receiv$ 8 ,b4,a4 at ! age ( #ae ye>s4 ,receiv$ 8 ,m4,a4 degree ! foll[+ ye>4 ,0 orda9$ deacon on ,decemb] #ba1 #aibi1 at ! age ( #ba4 ,receiv$ 8 ,ph4,d4 ! foll[+ ye> at ! age ( #bb4 ,also receiv$ ! degree ,ba*elor ( ,sacr$ ,!ology1 9 ,june1 #aibi4 ,0 elevat$ to ! prie/hood 9 ! ,prote/ant ,episcopal ,*ur* at ! age ( #bd 7,june #ai1 #aicb7 at a special ord9ation s]vice at ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,john ! ,div9e1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,z a graduate /ud5t too "y = ! prie/hood1 he _h held a fell[%ip 9 ! ,g5]al ,!ological ,sem9>y1 tea*+ ,greek & hi/ory4 ,!re is also an ann\ncem5t ( 8 m>riage 9 ,septemb]1 #aici4 ,see also ,editor's ,note on publications1 footnote #ad4 #a ,see ,preface1 p>agraphs #b-e4 #b ,,editor',s ,,note4 ,?is *ild 0 obs]v$ by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? ov] a p]iod ( ne>ly a qu>t] c5tury4 ,%e publi%$ ?ree acc\nts ( 8 developm5t1 & ! pres5t *apt] is 9 ! ma9 a composite ( ^! ?ree reports1 to :i* are add$ su* supplem5t>y items z are available4 ,! articles ref]r$ to are z foll[s3 ,g>rison1 ,burke1 & ,holl+wor?4 ,! ,psy*ology ( a ,prodigi\s ,*ild4 ,j\rnal ( ,appli$ ,psy*ology 7,june1 #aiag74 ,holl+wor?1 ,g>rison1 & ,burke4 ,subsequ5t ,hi/ory ( ,e------ ,five ,ye>s aft] ! ,initial ,report4 ,j\rnal ( ,appli$ ,psy*ology 7,june1 #aibb74 ,holl+wor?1 ,leta ,s4 ,subsequ5t ,hi/ory ( ,e------ ,t5 ,ye>s aft] ! ,initial ,report4 ,j\rnal ( ,appli$ ,psy*ology 7,octob]1 #aibg74 #c ,b>tlett1 ,j4 ,g4 ,! ,bel*] ,families 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,new ,engl& ,hi/ory & ,g5]al ,regi/]1 ,vol4 #fj1 pages #abe-acf1 #bdc-bef1 #ceh-cfd4 ,bel*]1 ,jona?an4 ,! ,bel*] ,pap]s4 ,collection ( ! ,massa*usetts ,hi/orical ,society1 ,vols4 #f & #g4 ,appleton's ,cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican ,biography1 ,vol4 #a 7#ahhg74 7,jona?an ,bel*]47 #d ,dr[ne1 ,h5ry ,r4 ,family ,record ( ,solomon ,dr[ne4 ,new ,york ,g5ealogical & ,biographical ,record1 ,vol4 #e1 ,no4 #ce1 pages #aga-agb4 ,new ,york2 #aijd4 ,dr[ne1 ,h5ry ,t4 ,g5ealogy ( ! ,family ( ,solomon ,dr[ne1 ,m4 ,d41 ( ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ) ,notice ( ,8 ,ance/ors2 #afdf-ahgi4 ,provid5ce ,press ,company1 ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl&2 #ahgi4 #e ,developm5tal hi/ory & hi/ory ( p]sonal heal? 7 elicit$ f ! "m1 :o1 be+ a physician1 is especially compet5t to speak on ^! po9ts4 ,! family hi/ory & ! facts conc]n+ 8 extra-s*ool l+ui/ic a*ievem5ts 7 also giv5 by ! "m4 #f ,private tutors grade ,e z #a 9 ma!matics4 #g ,9 indu/rial arts cr$it is giv5 = kn[+ indu/rial processes1 z well z = ability to c>ry out ! processes4 #h ,9 f9e arts cr$it is giv5 = manual dext]ity only4 #i ,?orndike1 ,e4 ,l4 ,! ,measurem5t ( ,intellig5ce4 ,bureau ( ,publications1 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york2 #aibg4 #aj ,i am indebt$ to ,dr4 ,ella ,woody>d & to ,pr(essor ,ralph ,b4 ,sp5ce ( ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 = ?is in=mation4 #aa ,?orndike1 ,e4 ,l4 ,on ! ,improvem5t ( ,intellig5ce ,scores f ,f\rte5 to ,eighte54 ,j\rnal ( ,educational ,psy*ology 7#aibc74 #ab ,x is wor? say+ t 9 contempor>y civilization ! f9al exam9ation _h be5 objectively /&>diz$ by ,dr4 ,b4 ,d4 ,wood1 exp]t 9 educational measurem5t1 & did n dep5d on ! e/imate ( in/ructors4 ,e's score on ! objective exam9ations ( bo? t]ms 0 9 ! highe/ t5? ( ! highe/ p]c5tile 7,b4 ,d4 ,w474 ,! in/ructor's e/imate1 z well z ! result ( ! objective exam9ation1 ent]s into ! t]m grade &1 indicat$ above1 9 ?is c\rse2 s t ! f9al grade 9 ! second seme/] is b ,b4 #ac ,see note #a1 preface4 #ad ,,editor',s ,,note4 ,?is diss]tation 0 publi%$ 9 #aica by ! ,columbia ,univ]sity ,press "u ! title ,l>ge ,e/ates ( ,byzant9e ,egypt4 ,among lat] publications1 ( :i* !re is record 9 ! files1 are3 ,national ,elem5ts 9 ! ,c>e] ( ,/4 ,a?anasius1 ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 pages #c-aa 7,decemb]1 #aicc74 ,dura--,an ,anci5t ,city ( ! ,ea/1 ,natural ,hi/ory 7,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory71 ,vol4 ,,xxxiv1 ,no4 #h1 pages #fhe-gja 7,decemb]1 #aicd74 ,militant 9 ,e>?4 ,pages #bee4 ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,new ,york2 #aidj4 ,a book :i* %[s h[ ,*ri/ianity has pres5t$ a spiritual & social front aga9/ oppos+ phases ( civilization1 :atev] !y may h be5 dur+ #bjjj ye>s4 #ae ,norms = height1 weight1 & s*ola/ic /atus are tak5 f ,b4 ,t4 ,baldw91 z e/abli%$ at ,horace ,mann ,s*ool1 ,francis ,p>k] ,s*ool1 & ! elem5t>y & high s*ools ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 ,,*apt] ,,n9e ,,*ild ,f ,*ild ,f 0 a boy ^: ability 0 id5tifi$ z ! result ( a m5tal survey made ) gr\p te/s 9 ,p4,s4 #ad1 ,manhattan4 #a ,8 score 9 ^! te/s 0 unbelievable1 & he 0 summon$ = te/+ ) ! idea t he mu/ h be5 coa*$4 ,an individual ,/an=d-,b9et te/1 h[ev]1 %[$ a ph5om5al record simil> to all o!r te/s giv5 him1 includ+ an ,army ,alpha4 ,he 0 ref]r$ to a ,special ,opportunity ,class at t "t be+ organiz$ 9 ,p4,s4 #afe1 ,manhattan4 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,al?\gh detail$ /udy ( ,f's ance/ry is available1 a brief summ>y ( ! facts appe>s to be all t is "h ne$$1 = ! ance/ry ?r[s little light on ! boy's extraord9>y m5tal ability4 ,f's pat]nal gr&fa!r 0 ( ,scotti% p>5tage1 born 9 ,canada4 ,he 0 a reasonably successful work] 9 ! pr9t+ trade1 appe>s to h be5 well balanc$ & socially adju/$1 & %[$ no exceptional traits4 ,he _h little education & no special int]e/s4 ,he di$ ( apoplexy at #ea ye>s ( age4 ,f's pat]nal gr&mo!r1 born 9 ,albany1 ,new ,york1 _h a public s*ool education 7probably74 ,%e is /ill liv+ #aibd1 cl]k+ 9 a /ore aft] h] husb&'s dea?4 ,%e appe>s to h no special int]e/s outside h] home life2 is said to be quick & n]v\s1 easily excit$1 & prone to worry4 ,f's mat]nal gr&fa!r 0 born 9 ,new ,york ,/ate1 ( ,g]man p>5tage4 ,he is /ill alive #aibd1 at ! age ( #gj1 & is v active4 ,8 education 0 limit$1 b he is an excell5t read] & is well in=m$4 ,he is fond ( music1 is an active *ur*man & a *oir lead]4 ,he is said to be quick-temp]$1 impulsive1 & affectionate4 ,he mixes well ) p1 & has "s lead]%ip qualities4 ,he has always work$ z a pap] hang] & pa9t]1 8 bus9ess be+ on a small scale4 ,f's mat]nal gr&mo!r 0 born 9 ,new ,york ,/ate2 ! nationality ( h] p>5ts is n record$4 ,%e _h a public s*ool education4 ,h] int]e/s are limit$ to home & ,r$ ,cross activities4 ,%e is fri5dly & sociable1 impulsive1 affectionate 9 disposition1 & has a ke5 s5se ( humor4 ,f has sev]al uncles & aunts1 none ( :om pres5ts any qualities ( /rik+ int]e/4 ,all appe> to be normally effective & well adju/$1 compet5t on a small-t[n scale1 enjoy+ _! homes1 & tak+ "p 9 local activities & organizations4 ,f has "o bro!r1 y\ng] ?an himself1 born ,april #b1 #aibj4 ,he 0 giv5 a ,/an=d-,b9et exam9ation1 ,may #ac1 #aibd1 by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?1 be+ !n #d ye>s #a mon? ( age4 ,8 ,m5tal ,age 0 #f-j1 yield+ an ,,iq ( #adg4 ,?is bro!r has /rong musical incl9ations1 0 a *oir boy1 & subsequ5tly took in/ruction 9 s++4 ,fa!r4 ,! fa!r ( ,*ild ,f 0 born 9 ,albany1 ,new ,york4 ,he _h a high s*ool education & bus9ess college tra9+4 ,he has always done cl]ical & (fice "w1 especially bookkeep+4 ,he is fond ( a?letics1 reads only newspap]s & magaz9es1 is quick1 al]t1 & active1 has an ev5 temp]am5t1 is seldom worri$4 ,he has no int]e/ 9 clubs or organiz$ activities4 ,seems to take an int]e/ 9 8 *ildr54 7,9 lat] ye>s ! fa!r lo/ ! balance & ev5ness ( temp]am5t "h report$ & became unemploy$ mu* ( ! "t4 ,he di$ 9 ,m>*1 #aice1 at ! age ( #da1 app>5tly accid5tally dr[n$47 ,"m4 ,! "m ( ,f w5t to high s*ool = two ye>s & e>n$ a tea*]'s c]tificate4 ,%e taught two ye>s 9 rural s*ools b dislik$ ?is "w & _h no pati5ce ) *ildr54 ,%e lik$ music1 h[ev]1 & /udi$ piano & voice = a %ort "t1 b n[ pays little att5tion to x4 ,%e has always regrett$ go+ to high s*ool1 believ+ t if %e _h devot$ t "t to music1 %e might h _h "s success 9 x4 ,h] int]e/s are limit$ to home affairs4 ,%e says %e has few fri5ds & does n mix well ) p4 ,%e appe>s calm & does n worry1 is s5sible 9 h] deal+s ) h] *ildr51 takes no "p 9 organiz$ activities1 b always s5ds ! *ildr5 to ,sunday ,s*ool4 ,%e is a v good home manag]1 & runs ?+s effectively on small res\rces4 ,,pres*ool ,,hi/ory ,f 0 born 9 upp] ,new ,york ,/ate1 ,novemb] #ad1 #aiad4 ,! p]iod ( ge/ation 0 ( normal l5g?2 at bir? he weigh$ accord+ to ! fa!r #i p\nds1 accord+ to ! "m #aa4e p\nds4 ,no records ( e>ly infancy 7 kept1 s t _m su* details are giv5 f memory1 ei!r by ! fa!r or by ! "m4 ,! *ild 0 ! "m's fir/-born4 ,%e reports t mu* ( ! infant's weight at bir? 0 due to 8 enorm\s head1 :i* necessitat$ in/rum5t bir?4 ,bir? 0 difficult1 ! "m 0 sev]ely injur$1 & ! *ild's head 0 s di/ort$ f ! in/rum5ts t x 0 weeks be=e x c\ld be mold$ into normal %ape4 ,f 0 bottle f$ f bir? to "o ye>4 ,8 fir/ tee? appe>$ at ab\t #aj mon?s4 ,he talk$ 7%ort s5t5ces7 at ab\t #ab mon?s1 le>n$ to walk alone 7sev]al /eps7 at #ad mon?s1 le>n$ to read at betwe5 #d & #e ye>s ( age4 ,8 *ildhood illnesses 7 measles1 :oop+ c\gh1 *ick5 pox1 & sc>let fev]1 all betwe5 #f & #h ye>s ( age4 ,cri$ little z a baby4 ,8 "m says he 0 a lovely baby to take c>e (4 ,no s5sory defects or signs ( physical weakness4 ,ad5oids 7 pres5t1 to be remov$ %ortly aft] ! initial int]view 9 #aibd 7age #aj ye>s74 ,he sleeps s\ndly4 ,,e>ly ,,s*ool ,,hi/ory ,f />t$ s*ool at ! age ( #e ye>s #aj mon?s1 9 a two-room rural s*ool 9 up/ate ,new ,york 9 ! t[n :]e he 0 born4 ,he c\ld already read well at t "t2 x 0 fir/ notic$ t he c\ld read :5 he 0 ar\nd #e ye>s ( age4 ,rid+ 9 /reetc>s1 he w\ld take words ap>t & put !m toge!r aga94 ,he _h le>n$ ! lett]s be=e 8 ?ird ye>4 ,at s*ool he 0 receiv$ 9 ! fir/ grade4 ,x 0 soon f\nd t he 0 memoriz+ 8 read] & ! tea*] gave him a m advanc$ book4 ,?is s*ool 0 a practically ungrad$ "o2 ! fir/ f\r grades 7 toge!r 9 "o room1 & grades five to eight 7 9 ! o!r room4 ,! tea*] did n "k :at to d ) ,f2 s he 0 all[$ to g into ! second room & li/51 9 an ord]ly mann]1 to ! fif? to eigh? grades4 ,:5 he ent]$ ,new ,york ,city s*ools at ! age ( #g ye>s #aj mon?s1 ! rural tea*] gave ,f a transf] = ! fif? grade4 ,! "m pres5t$ ! lett] ( transf] to ! ,manhattan pr9cipal1 :o pooh-pooh$ ! idea t ! boy c\ld belong 9 ! fif? grade at t age4 ,he refus$ to accept ! recomm5dation f ! ungrad$ s*ool & plac$ ,f 9 ! ?ird or f\r? grade4 ,aft] ! fir/ week ! boy's tea*] report$ t he did n belong 9 t grade4 ,:5 ! pr9cipal insi/$ t ,f c\ld n g into ! fif? grade1 ! boy himself spoke up & said if !y w\ld give him an exam9ation !y w\ld see t he c\ld d x4 ,! pr9cipal ord]$ him to keep /ill & n to talk s mu*4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 ev5tually plac$ 9 ! fif? grade 9 ! ye> 9 :i* 8 eigh? bir?day occurr$4 ,at ! end ( t ye> he 0 promot$ to ,grade #f;,a1 !n into #f;,b1 & he 0 %ortly aft] receiv$ into ! ,special ,opportunity ,class at ,p4,s4 #afe4 ,he _h always be5 fond ( s*ool up to ?is "t1 al?\gh he lat] develop$ a di/a/e = x & became a *ronic truant4 ,he sp5t mu* ( 8 "t help+ ! tea*]s1 c>ry+ books1 & runn+ err&s1 9 ord] to keep occupi$4 ,:5 8 "m reque/$ 8 transf] to ! ,special ,opportunity ,class1 ! pr9cipal ( ! s*ool he 0 att5d+1 at fir/ refus$1 say+ t he lik$ to h bright pupils 9 8 classes too4 ,aft] futilely argu+ = half an h\r1 ! "m f9ally ?reat5$ to move to ano!r "p ( t[n1 ?us =c+ a transf]1 :]eupon ! pr9cipal rel5t$ & gave ! transf]4 ,f said he lik$ ! new s*ool because he 0 all[$ !re to say :at he ?\ght4 ,9 8 e>ly s*ool ye>s he once won a prize1 :i* 0 to be a book4 ,sev]al books1 suppos$ly ( int]e/ to boys1 7 (f]$ him f :i* to *oose4 ,he look$ !m ov] & !n said if x made no diff]5ce to ! tea*]1 he w\ld r h a diction>y in/ead4 ,?is volume 0 giv5 him1 & x 0 us$ con/antly !reaft]4 ,,e>ly ,,te/ ,,scores ,9 ,m>*1 #aibd1 at ! age ( #i ye>s #d mon?s1 ,f 0 giv5 a m5tal te/1 us+ ,army ,alpha1 by ,l4 ,m4 ,pott]4 ,he 0 !n 9 ,grade #f;,b1 ,p4,s4 #ad1 ,manhattan4 ,8 score 0 record$ z #abd po9ts4 ,b !re is also a copy ( an ,army ,alpha ,te/1 ,=m #g1 giv5 ,f 9 ! fall ( #aibd ^u 8 entrance to ,p4,s4 #afe1 on :i* ! score is #afc po9ts4 ,on ,april #ad1 #aibd1 at ! age ( #i ye>s #e mon?s1 ,f 0 giv5 a ,/an=d-,b9et te/ by ,m4 ,v4 ,cobb1 9 ,p4,s4 #afe1 ,manhattan4 ,8 ,m5tal ,age %[n at t "t 0 #ae-b1 & an ,,iq ( #afb 0 report$4 ,/r5g? ( grip measures 7 also record$ z ( ,may #ae1 #aibd4 ,^! 7 made by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?1 ?ree trials = ea* h&4 ,! records 7 7m$ian ( ?ree71 "r1 #aj4e2 left1 #i4 ,on ,april #bb1 #aibe1 at ! age ( #aj ye>s #e mon?s1 ,f 0 giv5 a ,/an=d-,b9et exam9ation by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? z a demon/ration be=e a class ( #fj adults4 ,8 ,m5tal ,age 0 #ai-j1 & ! ,,iq is record$ z ov] #ahb1 unmeasur$ by ! scale4 ,on ,may #h1 #aibf1 at ! age ( #aa ye>s #f mon?s1 ,f 0 aga9 te/$ ) ! ,/an=d-,b9et by ,l4 ,s4 ,h44 ,he pass$ at ?is "t all ! ,sup]ior ,adult te/s & 0 ?us unmeasur$4 ,he 0 at ?is "t 9 8 fir/ ye> ( s5ior high s*ool4 ,janu>y #g1 #aicc1 at ! age ( #ah-b1 :ile a college fre%man1 8 score on ,army ,alpha1 ,=m #h1 0 #aih po9ts4 ,music te/s4 ,f %[$ no active musical int]e/s b became v fond ( li/5+ to good music1 be+ p>ticul>ly fond ( /r+ qu>tets4 ,z 0 ! case 9 e field to :i* 8 int]e/s turn$1 he quickly acquir$ a fund ( in=mation ab\t x :i* he took pleasure 9 exhibit+4 ,f 0 giv5 ! ,sea%ore ,music ,te/s f\r times by ,l4 ,s4 ,h4 ov] a p]iod ( #aa ye>s4 ,p]haps ! record ( ^! successive exam9ations w h "s intr9sic int]e/1 & su* a tabulation is "h provid$4 ,,sea%ore ,,te/s ,,( ,,musical ,,tal5t ,,score 7,p] ,c5t ,correct7 ,,may #g1 ,,decemb] ,,june ,,june #aibd #bc1 #aibd2 #ah1 #aibe2 #ad1 #aice2 #i ,,ye>s #aj ,,ye>s1 #aj ,,ye>s #bj ,,ye>s #f ,,mon?s #a ,,mon? #g ,,mon?s #g ,,mon?s ,pit* #gi #hb #gh #ha ,int5sity #gf -- #id #id ,"t #ga #fb -- #gj ,tonal memory #hj -- #hh #ih ,consonance #fd -- #gd #gf ,rhy?m #gb -- #hh #hf ,"* rat+4 ,aft] six mon?s' acqua9tance1 on ,septemb] #ad1 #aibd1 :5 ,f 0 ab\t #aj ye>s old1 he 0 rat$ by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? = v>i\s e/imat$ traits on a #g-po9t rat+ scale z foll[s3 ,extraord9>ily good 7,grade #a7 ,prud5ce & =esight1 w p[] & p]sev]ance1 appreciation ( beauty1 s5se ( humor1 s5sitiv5ess to approval or disapproval1 desire to excel1 fre$om f vanity & egotism1 consci5ti\sness1 desire to "k1 orig9ality1 common s5se1 g5]al intellig5ce4 ,decid$ly sup]ior 7,grade #b7 ,self-confid5ce1 musical appreciation1 lead]%ip1 popul>ity ) o!r *ildr51 sympa?y & t5d]ness1 tru?fulness4 ,r sup]ior 7,grade #c7 ,*e]fulness & optimism1 p]man5cy ( moods1 g5]osity & unselfi%ness1 me*anical +5uity4 ,av]age 7,grade #d7 ,heal?1 am\nt ( physical en]gy4 ,r weak 7,grade #e7 ,fondness = l>ge gr\ps4 ,al?\gh !re is no =mal record ( ! fact1 x is kn[n t fifte5 ye>s lat] ?is rat] w\ld h made diff]5t judgm5ts on mo/ ( ^! traits n relat+ to /rictly cognitive *>act]i/ics4 ,o!r judges acqua9t$ ) ,f r unanim\sly disagre$ ) ! high rat+s "h accord$ su* traits z prud5ce & =e?\ght1 w p[] & p]sev]ance1 s5sitiv5ess to approval or disapproval1 fre$om f vanity or egotism1 common s5se1 lead]%ip1 popul>ity1 sympa?y & t5d]ness1 tru?fulness1 g5]osity & unselfi%ness1 & ^! rat+s are z a matt] ( fact inconsi/5t ) ,f's subsequ5t hi/ory4 ,,home ,,rat+ ,on ,may #f1 #aibd1 ! home ( ,f 0 visit$ by a social work] tra9$ 9 ! use ( ! ,:itti] ,scale = ,home ,rat+4 ,! rat+ 0 report$ z #ba1 ) a possible score ( #be4 ,neighborhood 0 av]age1 9 a fair section ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,details 7 z foll[s3 ,necessities4 ,fa!r bookkeep] ) /eady1 small sal>y1 adequate only = necessities4 ,food & clo?+ ( good quality1 conditions neat & clean b pla94 ,heat1 light1 sleep+ facilities fair4 ,grade #d4 ,neatness4 ,sanit>y conditions good2 rooms well kept & clean2 ap>tm5t re>1 second floor1 little view4 ,consid]+ ! equipm5t1 h\sehold run 9 an effici5t mann]4 ,grade #d4 ,size4 ,f\r small rooms & ba? = two adults & two *ildr54 ,conditions cr[d$4 ,grade #d4 ,p>5tal condition4 ,p>5ts socially adaptable2 !re appe>s to be h>mony 9 home2 p>5ts h too few outside int]e/s4 ,"m practically always at home2 fa!r at home ev5+s4 ,grade #e4 ,p>5tal sup]vision4 ,p>5ts ke5ly int]e/$ 9 developm5t ( *ildr54 ,_! own education is limit$1 :i* is a h&icap 9 direct+ & educat+ ! *ildr54 ,little ne$ ( discipl9e 9 home1 ?\gh "m is lax ab\t c>ry+ out ?reats4 ,p>5tal example good4 ,grade #d4 ,,miscellane\s ,,*>act]i/ics ,play int]e/s4 ,f pref]r$ playmates ( 8 own age & sex4 ,he w\ld sp5d h\rs at a "t us+ m>bles = soldi]s & work+ out milit>y =mations4 ,be+ ) old] *ildr5 9 s*ool1 he 0 some:at backw>d 9 jo9+ 9 _! outdoor games4 ,read+ int]e/s4 ,f #f to #aj ye>s ( age ,f read a great v>iety ( books1 p>ticul>ly geography & hi/ory & av]ag+ probably #bj h\rs weekly4 ,he 0 especially int]e/$ 9 diction>ies & encyclop$ias2 w\ld always look up new words 9 detail4 ,mo/ ( 8 leisure "t 0 pref]ably sp5t 9 read+4 ,,lat] ,,educational ,,c>e] ,z already record$1 ,f 0 transf]r$ 9 #aibd1 at ! age ( #aj ye>s1 to ! ,special ,opportunity ,class 9 ,p4,s4 #afe1 ,manhattan1 !n be+ organiz$ = exp]im5tal purposes connect$ ) ! education ( *ildr5 ( r>e intellig5ce4 ,he graduat$ f ?is class into s5ior high s*ool4 ,he & ano!r boy 7,*ild ,c1 ,*apt] #f7 l$ ?is highly select$ gr\p ( *ildr5 9 a*ievem5t te/s4 ,z he 0 at ?is "t1 ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? wrote ( him3 ,i h nev] met ) a m int]e/+ *ild ?an he 01 & ! same creativ5ess & inexorable logic :i* *>act]iz$ him !n h always cont9u$4 ,he ent]$1 aft] a brief exp]i5ce 9 a progressive private s*ool1 a public high s*ool 9 ,new ,york ,city1 9 #aibe4 ,8 high s*ool c>e] 0 a *eck]$ "o1 typical 9 "s respects ( 8 lat] educational hi/ory4 ,= "o ?+1 he 0 a con/ant truant1 & he refus$ to d ! requir$ "w 9 physical education4 ,he _h always be5 av]se to physical activity & loa!d manual "w to ! end ( 8 c>e]4 ,he said t ! gymnasium "w always left him feel+ worse1 gave him colds1 & 0 ( no use to him4 ,p]haps 8 subsequ5t m$ical hi/ory ?r[s "s light on ! reasons = ^! obs]vations4 ,8 truant h\rs 7 sp5t p>tly 9 ! public libr>y1 :]e he read cont9u\sly 9 te*nical volumes 9 a great v>iety ( fields & accumulat$ an amaz+ fund ( g5]al in=mation & esot]ic lore4 ,law1 !ology1 hi/ory1 sci5ce1 & lit]ature 7 "s ( 8 favorite fields4 ,:5 n 9 ! libr>y1 he w\ld usually be at a *ess club to :i* he _h be5 grant$ access & :]e he _h le>n$ ! game4 ,he rapidly develop$ into an exp]t *ess & bridge play]1 & 9 ,ea/]n *ess t\rnam5ts is said to h a*iev$ ! rank+ ( sev5? 9 ! national li/4 ,he always manag$ to appe> at high s*ool to take ! necess>y exam9ations1 & pass$ all 8 subjects ) good /&+ & ev5 ) ph5om5al records4 ,b 8 inexplicable truancy & 8 refusal to d ! requir$ "w 9 physical education baffl$ ! educational au?orities4 ,!y f9ally refus$ to graduate him ) 8 class-- al?\gh 8 record 0 among ! be/--until he _h r$eem$ himself by do+ ! gymnasium "w 9 a fif? ye>4 ,9 #aicj he did ?is1 & also c>ri$ "s additional c\rses & ?us 0 all[$ to f9i% high s*ool1 requir+ long] ?an ! conv5tional p]iod = ?is because ( 8 refusal to accommodate 8 own int]e/s & ideas to ! regul> r\t9e4 ,9 spite ( irregul> att5dance1 ,f took "s "p 9 high s*ool activities4 ,8 ma9 activities1 ( ! extracurricul> sort1 7 *ess club1 *ess team1 poetry club1 debat+ society1 ma!matics club1 bo>d ( publications1 program committee4 ,he 0 executive memb] ( ! debat+ society & ( ! law society1 vice presid5t ( ! po/] club1 & two or ?ree times section presid5t4 ,8 record1 ( c\rse1 %[s no a?letic hi/ory & no physical activities engag$ 94 ,= ! f\r ye>s foll[+ #aicj ,f cont9u$ to frequ5t ! public libr>y1 ! *ess club1 & ! bridge games4 ,at "o "t a patron fri5d made x f9ancially possible = him to ent] college at ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 ,he quit be=e ! end ( ! fir/ t]m1 aga9 because he hat$ ! requir$ gymnasium "w & said he always got a cold & felt bad aft] su* ex]cise4 ,al?\gh he 0 aga9 & aga9 urg$ by p :o knew 8 ability n to wa/e x at *ess & bridge1 he %[$ no app>5t int]e/ 9 go+ on ) college4 ,he repli$ t he c\ld always make a liv+ "s way or o!r4 ,uncong5ial home circum/ances & ! g5]al unemploym5t situation prevail+ at ! "t p]haps height5$ ?is indisposition & lack ( ambition4 ,:ile o!r boys :o _h be5 9 ! same grade s*ool & high s*ool classes ) him 7 f9d+ "p-"t employm5t & work+ _! way ?r\gh college1 ,f 0 cont5t$ ) 8 *ess games1 ) an occasional bit ( money won at c>ds1 & ) 8 h\rs 9 ! public libr>y4 ,9 #aicd he 0 ask$ to take ! ,,cavd te/s by ! ,in/itute ( ,educational ,rese>* at ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 to help det]m9e ! highe/ scores to be expect$ on ?is scale4 ,he & ano!r boy1 bo? select$ because ( _! kn[n ph5om5al range ( in=mation & intellectual al]tness1 w5t ?r\gh ! ceil+ on ?is scale1 ?us aga9 confirm+ ! e>li] records ( 8 m5tal level s f> z intellig5ce 0 conc]n$4 ,on ! same occasion he 0 giv5 ! ,cop]ative ,g5]al ,culture ,te/1 by ,dr4 ,lorge4 ,9 ?is 8 score exce$$ t ( sup]ior college graduates4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aicd1 ,f 0 aga9 p]suad$1 ?r\gh f9ancial assi/ance practically =c$ ^u him1 & aft] mu* urg+ & long discussion1 to try college4 ,he enroll$ 9 ,columbia ,college1 once m a fre%man4 ,he c>ri$ a heavy program1 tri$ to d c]ta9 outside jobs z assi/ant provid$ = him1 & probably ov]work$4 ,he _h decl9$ "o patron's (f] to give him a /ipulat$ sum ( money = ! ye> if he w\ld ab/a9 f *ess = t p]iod4 ,9 fact1 only vigor\s prodd+ l$ him to g to college at all at ?is "t1 ev5 ) ! way op5$ = him4 ,! outcome appe>$ to be ano!r fiasco4 ,9 ,janu>y1 z ! exam9ation p]iod drew ne>1 he became ill1 develop$ pneumonia1 & = ! second "t )drew f college be=e complet+ a t]m ( "w4 ,9 ?is in/ance 8 illness appe>$ to ju/ify ! act4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aice1 hav+ be5 nurs$ back to reasonable heal? ?r\gh patrons int]e/$ 9 8 case1 he 0 urg$ by !m to make a fre% />t & to try ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago plan1 "u :i* /ud5ts c\ld progress z rapidly z !y 7 able to satisfy ! requirem5ts ?r\gh compreh5sive exam9ations4 ,he ent]$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago t fall1 = ! ?ird "t a college fre%man1 agree+ to d ?is )\t any great en?usiasm ( 8 own b z "p ( :at 0 call$ an educational exp]im5t4 ,( 8 record on entrance ! foll[+ comm5t 0 made by ! *ief exam9]3 ,! exam9]s h call$ my att5tion to a freak case 9 our records = ! incom+ /ud5ts4 4 4 4 ,8 p]=mance seems almo/ unbelievable4 ,on ! fre%man classification te/s 8 p]=mance 0 z foll[s3 fir/ 9 ! vocabul>y te/2 fir/ 9 ! read+ te/2 second 9 ! ,intellig5ce ,te/ ( ! ,am]ican ,c\ncil2 ?ird 9 ! ,engli% placem5t te/2 ?ird 9 ! physical sci5ce placem5t te/ 4 4 4 9 ! fre%man class ( ab\t #gej /ud5ts4 ,9 addition1 he also took f\r ,compreh5sives ) ! foll[+ grades3 ,biological ,sci5ce1 ,a2 ,humanities1 ,b2 ,social ,sci5ces1 ,a2 ,physical ,sci5ces1 ,d4 ,! ye> at ,*icago 0 n )\t episode4 ,f 0 held up by two gunm51 eng9e]$ ! capture ( "o ( ^!1 & 0 advis$ to disappe> = a "t dur+ ! excitem5t4 ,impetu\sly1 & )\t res\rces except ! provisions made by 8 sponsor = 8 own subsi/5ce1 he m>ri$ a "y ,jewi% girl4 ,b ! ,*icago ,plan kept its ^w1 & by ! end ( ! ye> ,f _h pass$ all ! ,compreh5sives requir$ to give him 8 ,b4,a4 degree4 ,9 do+ ?is he acquir$ a good deal ( newspap] & popul> magaz9e notoriety1 & 8 photograph1 & t ( 8 "y wife1 7 (t5 reproduc$ 9 ! public pr9ts4 ,al?\gh he fanci$ he w\ld l to be a lawy]1 ,f f9ally decid$ to g 9 = graduate "w4 ,"s unc]ta9ties prevail$ 9 connection ) 8 acceptance by "s ( ! graduate s*ools because1 al?\gh he _h be5 ?ree times a college fre%man 7a po9t nev] br\ght out 9 ! newspap] acc\nts ( 8 educational progress71 he _h complet$ b "o ye> ( college resid5ce4 ,ev5tually he 0 aw>d$ a graduate fell[%ip 9 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 = /udy t[>d ! ,ph4,d4 degree 9 education1 & he complet$ a ye> ( "w !re1 accompli%+1 9 addition to ! class "w1 a m9or exp]im5tal /udy1 a report ( :i* 0 subsequ5tly publi%$4 ,= ! foll[+ ye> he 0 appo9t$ ,assi/ant 9 ,psy*ology at ,b>n>d ,college4 ,at ! la/ mom5t1 j be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! new t]m1 he decid$ to %ift to law1 :i* 0 "o ( 8 boyi% ambitions4 ,he 0 enabl$ to return to ,*icago = ?is purpose4 ,*ess1 bridge1 & rac+ cont9u$ to intrude !mselves into 8 activities1 al?\gh he 0 pl$g$ to ab/a9 f !m4 ,8 m>ital affairs did n run smoo?ly2 contr>y to 8 promises he incurr$ additional indebt$ness2 b he cont9u$ to c>ry on 8 law /udies ) passable records4 ,!n he sudd5ly became s]i\sly ill & 0 discov]$ to h an inop]able abdom9al canc]4 ,aga9 8 educational c>e] 0 int]rupt$ & he return$ to ,new ,york = c>e & treatm5t4 ,be=e ano!r ye> 0 ov]1 9 ,decemb]1 #aich1 he di$ ( ?is affliction1 at ! age ( #bd ye>s4 ,9 spite ( a brilliant m5tal end[m5t1 e>ly discov]y1 mu* educational enc\ragem5t1 & mat]ial assi/ance1 a ,ba*elor's degree & a few *ess prizes & bridge victories repres5t ,f's f9al a*ievem5t4 ,! *ief causes ( ?is relative failure to make ! mo/ ( 8 pot5tialities appe>$ ext]nally 9 ! =m ( "* traits4 ,8 p>5ts said ( him t x 0 nev] necess>y to /imulate 8 desire to le>n2 !y also report$ him to be willful & head-/rong4 ,^! unpropiti\s traits 7 z a matt] ( fact app>5t 9 8 e>ly s*ool days4 ,!y became magnifi$ z he 0 giv5 fre] opportunity = self-expression & activity4 ,we "k s little ab\t ! id5tification & g5esis ( "* traits t ! case makes little or no contribution to our und]/&+ 9 ?is direction4 ,x is n kn[n h[ e>ly ! physical disability t f9ally t]m9at$ ! picture _h be5 op]at+2 x may ev5 h be5 at ! bottom ( :at appe>$ socially z a p]sonality defect4 #a ,?is *apt] 0 writt5 by ,h4 ,l4 ,h4 ,,*apt] ,,t5 ,,*ild ,g ,*ild ,g is a boy1 born 9 ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1 ,may #bf1 #aibc4 ,records ( 8 te/ scores t are available date f #aicj1 at :i* "t he 0 #f ye>s #f mon?s old4 ,a record ( 8 developm5t has be5 kept by 8 p>5ts1 :o take an unusual int]e/ 9 educational problems4 ,!y h freely & intellig5tly cop]at$ 9 ! frequ5t objective exam9ation ( ,g1 & h consult$ ) tea*]s conc]n+ problems ( adju/m5t & educational developm5t4 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,g is ( ,hebrew p>5tage1 & all f\r ( 8 gr&p>5ts att5d$ ,hebrew s*ool4 ,8 pat]nal gr&fa!r 0 a tailor1 8 mat]nal gr&fa!r an in/allm5t deal]4 ,g's fa!r is a lawy]2 9 an ,army ,alpha te/ he made a score ( #agh po9ts4 ,8 "m1 be=e h] m>riage1 0 a typi/ & /5ograph]4 ,!re are among ! relatives a doctor1 a lawy]1 a rabbi1 a college pr(essor4 ,a c\s9 /ood highe/ 9 a city-wide a*ievem5t te/ giv5 to public s*ool pupils 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,8 only bro!r1 y\ng] ?an he & ! only sibl+1 has an ,,iq ( #aej-aee 7see bel[1 ,g',s ,,bro!r',s ,,record74 ,,educational ,,hi/ory ,9 ,janu>y1 #aicd1 ,edna ,w4 ,mc,elwee publi%$ a prelim9>y acc\nt ( ,g's s*ool a*ievem5t up to t "t4 #a ,a few mon?s lat] ,g's fa!r publi%$ an acc\nt ( ! boy's read+ int]e/s4 #b ,data record$ 9 ^! two reports h be5 made use ( 9 ! pres5t *apt]4 #c ,g le>n$ to read be=e go+ to s*ool1 b at ?is "t 8 p>5ts did n realize t he 0 exceptional4 ,aft] a t]m 9 k9d]g>t5 he 0 promot$ to ,grade #a;,a1 aft] a few weeks to #a;,b1 & !n to #b;,a4 ,at ! end ( ! t]m he 0 plac$ 9 #c;,a4 ,!n he 0 d\bly promot$ ea* t]m = a "t1 ent]+ ! #f;,a grade at ! age ( #h ye>s #f mon?s4 ,! pr9cipal report$3 ,he absorb$ in=mation easily & quickly &1 reg>dless ( ! grade 9 :i* he 0 plac$ or ! l5g? ( "t he _h be5 9 ! grade1 8 "w & 8 rat+s 7 always mu* beyond ^? ( 8 classmates4 ,dur+ ^! e>ly ye>s ,g pref]r$ be+ alone ) 8 books to play+ ) o!r *ildr54 ,8 p>5ts intellig5tly s\ght advice on ! correction ( ?is & enc\rag$ him1 successfully1 to play ) o!r *ildr51 fir/ ) ^? y\ng] ?an he1 & !n ) *ildr5 ( 8 own age4 ,he made a ready adaptation1 & 9 "t _h a gr\p ( boys ) :om he play$ & :o 7 sometimes invit$ by 8 fa!r to accompany !m on ,saturday aft]noon excursions4 ,he develop$ an int]e/ 9 all sorts ( ball games & became a good swimm]4 ,g read widely1 & 8 p>5ts f ! beg9n+ ex]cis$ "s sup]vision ov] ! "* ( ! books provid$ = him1 & !y read to him at b$time1 ab\t an h\r daily4 ,!re 7 includ$ 9 8 read+ n only a l>ge selection ( *ildr5's books & /ories b also books ( hi/ory1 my?ology1 biography1 poetry1 sci5ce & art4 ,! ,saturday excursions to places ( int]e/ 7 a regul> in/itution1 & ^! int]e/s 7 readily ti$ to ,g's read+4 ,among ! places ?us visit$ 7 ! zoo1 botanical g>d5s1 aqu>ium1 navy y>d1 fleet1 airport1 museums1 art gall]ies1 ,hall ( ,fame1 num]\s factories & indu/rial plants1 fire dep>tm5t1 public utilities1 obs]vatories4 ,plays & conc]ts 7 att5d$1 & good ta/e 9 music 0 enc\rag$4 ,educational use 0 made ( radio programs4 ,g le>n$ to play ! viol9 & jo9$ ! s*ool or*e/ra4 ,at 8 own reque/ he 0 giv5 private in/ruction 9 ,hebrew & made good progress4 ,at an e>ly age--#g or #h ye>s--,g became int]e/$ 9 *emi/ry1 & 0 provid$ ) a *emical outfit = 8 own use4 ,) ?is he busi$ himself a great deal1 & he kept 8 classmates provid$ ) ink ( 8 own manufacture4 ,he has collect$ bo? /amps & co9s & also ,popul> ,sci5ce magaz9es4 ,!re is 9 ! files a l>ge collection ( 8 rem>ks 9 *ildhood1 record$ by 8 p>5ts4 ,!y %[ e>ly ?\ghtfulness1 curiosity1 & judici\s discrim9ation4 ,( ,g's lat] educational exp]i5ce ,miss ,mc,elwee wrote z foll[s3 ,at eight & a half ye>s ( age he 0 transf]r$ to ,p4,s4 #bjh1 ,brooklyn1 :]e he ent]$ ! #f;,a gr\p ( ! ,individual ,progress class1 :i* _h be5 organiz$ = sup]ior *ildr54 ,! me?od ( in/ruction _h be5 modifi$ & ! c\rse ( /udy enri*$ to meet ! ne$s ( ! pupils4 4 4 4 ,te/s ( educational a*ievem5t giv5 9 ,octob]1 #aica1 soon aft] he ent]$ ! class1 %[$ t 8 grade placem5t 0 #g4d & 8 a*ievem5t quoti5t #hf4 ,simil> te/s giv5 9 ,may1 #aicb1 indicat$ t 8 grade placem5t 0 !n #aj4c & 8 a*ievem5t quoti5t #ig4 ,9 ^? sev5 mon?s he _h complet$ ?ree ye>s ( "w4 4 4 4 ,by ,janu>y1 #aicc1 he _h ga9$ ano!r ye> & a half1 & 0 ma9ta9+ 8 a*ievem5t quoti5t4 ,9 o!r words1 at #i ye>s ( age he 0 do+ z well z a junior 9 high s*ool4 ,8 fa!r wrote to ! s*ool at ?is "t3 ,we are happy to tell y t ,g is full ( 8 s*ool "w & is v cont5t$ ) ! pres5t curriculum4 ,inasmu* z he has always compla9$ until ?is t]m ( lack ( "w at s*ool & always consid]$ 8 s*ool "w a necess>y evil1 we feel v grateful to y = 8 increas$ int]e/ & happ9ess4 ,,e>ly ,,m5tal ,,te/s ,! fir/ record$ measurem5t ( ,g's m5tal ability is f\nd 9 a report f ! ,educational ,cl9ic ( ! ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york1 :]e he _h be5 tak5 by 8 fa!r = a private exam9ation4 ,! report is made by ,elise ,s4 ,mu/or1 ,assi/ant ,director1 z ( ,janu>y1 #aicj4 ,g 0 !n #f ye>s #g mon?s old4 ,8 ,m5tal ,age 0 f\nd to be #aj-i1 & 8 ,,iq is report$ z #afc4 ,?is report also gives num]\s o!r details :i* may be summ>iz$ 9 ! foll[+ tabulation4 ,,report ,,( ,g1 ,,janu>y1 #aicj ,*ronological ,age #f-g ,m5tal ,age #aj-i ,intellig5ce ,quoti5t #afc ,height 7) %oes7 #dh4e in*es 7,ab\t #c in*es above ! m$ian = 8 age7 ,height #ei p\nds 7,ab\t #e p\nds above ! m$ian = 8 height7 ,read+ compreh5sion ,m$ian ( #e? ,grade ,ari?metic reason+ ,m$ian ( #d;,b ,grade ,ari?metic fundam5tals ,m$ian ( #c;,a ,grade ,p]ception ( =m & physi- ,ranges f #g?- to cal relation%ips #ab?-ye> level ,auditory rote memory #aj-ye> level ,vocabul>y #aj-ye> level ,physical condition3 ,well n\ri%$4 ,tonsils & ad5oids remov$4 ,brea?+ unob/ruct$4 ,tee? good4 ,no defects ( he>t1 lungs1 acuity ( vision or he>+4 ,at ! cl9ic 8 social responses 7 good4 ,he 0 well pois$ & unassum+2 %[$ v f9e ef=t & application4 ,,lat] ,,te/ ,,records #aica4 ,g 0 giv5 a ,/an=d-,b9et exam9ation by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? 9 ,may1 #aica1 )9 a few days ( 8 eigh? bir?day4 ,he a*iev$ an ,,iq ( #aib4 ,! foll[+ comm5t is includ$ 9 ! record3 ,! increase ov] ! ,,iq obta9$ at ! age ( #f is n unusual = a v "y1 v bright *ild1 al?\gh x w\ld be v unusual = an av]age *ild4 ,i %all be glad to te/ ,g aga9 :5 he is ab\t #ab ye>s old1 & :5 he is #af ye>s old4 ,also 8 little bro!r4 #aicc4 ,on ,april #e1 #aicc1 at ! age ( #i ye>s #aj mon?s1 ,g 0 aga9 te/$ by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?1 p]haps z a class demon/ration4 ,he 0 !n 9 ,grade #g;,b & 8 ,,iq is record$ z #agf plus4 ,! foll[+ comm5t is made3 ,*ildr5 ( ,g's pres5t age c no long] be reliably measur$ 9 t]ms ( ,,iq by any exi/+ te/ if !y h previ\sly scor$ above #ahe ,,iq4 4 4 4 ,! ,,iq ( #agf plus m]ely in=ms u t ! te/ has begun to run d[n 9 8 case4 4 4 4 ,next "t we te/ him we %all h to use a te/ scor+ 9 po9ts only1 :i* w place him on ! c5tile scale = adults4 4 4 4 ,8 physical measurem5ts correspond closely to ! norms = boys ( ab\t #aa ye>s4 #aicd4 ,!re is 9 ! files a ,/an=d-,b9et record ( ,g tak5 by ,leta s4 ,holl+wor?1 ,m>* #ai1 #aicd4 ,8 age 0 !n #aj ye>s #aj mon?s & he 0 9 ,grade #h;,b 9 ,p4,s4 #bjh1 ,brooklyn4 ,he pass$ )\t error all ! te/s 9 ! scale 7,av]age ,adult & ,sup]ior ,adult74 ,miscellane\s records4 ,9 ! ,mc,elwee report already cit$ ! foll[+ scores are record$1 on a v>iety ( scales1 cov]+ a two-ye> p]iod 7#aica-aicc74 ,,date ,,te/ ,,age ,,score ,may #e1 #aica ,/an=d-,b9et #h-j #aib ,oct4 #g1 #aica ,porteus ,maze #h-e #ab ye>s ,healy ,picture ,completion #ac ye>s ,porteus ,=m & ,assembly+ #h ye>s ,?orndike-,mc,call ,read+3 ,=m ,b #f;,b ,grade ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t ,te/3 ,=m ,a1 ,ari?metic ,computation #h;,a ,grade ,trabue ,language ,completion1 ,alpha #ae-aj ye>s ,may #ah1 #aicb ,elem5t>y ,read+1 ,los ,angeles1 ,=m #c #i-j #ab;,a ,grade ,ari?metic ,fundam5tals1 ,los ,angeles1 ,=m #d #i;,a ,grade ,woody-,mc,call ,spell+1 ,li/ #e #i;,b ,grade ,trabue ,language ,completion1 ,beta #af-d ye>s ,jan4 #f1 #aicc ,new ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t ,te/ ,=m ,v #i-h #ah ye>s ,apr4 #ab1 #aicc ,p[]s ,g5]al ,sci5ce ,te/3 ,=m ,a 7#be p] c5t ( fir/-ye> high s*ool pupils exce$ ?is score #i-aa #fb po9ts at end ( "o ye> in/ruction 9 g5]al sci5ce47 ,apr4 #bf1 #aicc ,k5t-,rosan(f ,association ,te/ #i-aa #i ,individual ,reactions ,woody-,cady ,que/ionnaire indicates sup]s5sitiv5ess--?9ks p look at him1 make rem>ks ab\t him1 f9d too mu* fault ) him1 etc4 ,! ,new ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t ,te/ score ( #ah ye>s ( ,educational ,age1 a*iev$ at ! ,*ronological ,age ( #i ye>s #h mon?s1 brok5 d[n into detail$ sections1 0 z foll[s3 ,,educational ,,age ,p>agraph ,mean+ #ag-h ,^w ,mean+ #ah-h ,dictation #af-j ,language ,usage #ag-b ,lit]ature #af-h ,hi/ory & ,civics #ai-b ,geography #bj-d ,physiology & ,hygi5e #ah-e ,ari?metic ,reason+ #ai-b ,aritm5tic ,computation #ag-h ,av]age #ag ye>s #aa mon?s ,! exam9] rem>ks3 ,us+ ! ,,iq ( #aib1 8 ,m5tal ,age w\ld n[ be #ah ye>s #e mon?s4 ,?is w\ld give him an ,a*ievem5t ,quoti5t ( #ig4c p] c5t4 ,,traits ,,( ,,"* ,at ! age ( #aj ye>s ,g 0 describ$ by 8 s*ool sup]visor & p>5ts z prud5t & self-reliant1 ) w p[]1 desire = k1 wi% to excel1 & orig9ality4 ,he 0 consci5ti\s1 tru?ful1 *e]ful1 sympa!tic1 & _h a s5se ( humor4 ,he 0 mode/ ab\t himself & 8 a*ievem5ts1 did n l bragg+1 & reprov$ 8 y\ng] bro!r = su* conduct4 ,at ?is "t he wore glasses = an error ( refraction1 _h a slight spee* imp$im5t & a n]v\s mann]ism4 ,he always want$ to d ?+s z well z possible4 ,he set out to improve 8 poor p5man%ip by le>n+ manuscript writ+4 ,he 0 full ( que/ions ab\t sci5tific aspects ( ! ?+s & processes he saw ab\t him4 ,he _h a reliable & al]t memory1 ev5 = incid5tal obs]vations4 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts ,! physical measurem5ts ref]r$ to 9 ! #aicc m5tal te/ ,,lat] ,,te/ ,,records1 #aicc are z foll[s3 ,g ,,norms ,/&+ height 79 /ock+ feet7 #ec4h in*es #ec4f ,sitt+ height #bg4g in*es ,weight 7ord9>y indoor clo?+ except coat7 #gh p\nds #ff4i ,"r grip #ad1 #aa1 #aj kg4 ,left grip #i1 #i1 #i kg4 ,on ,augu/ #b1 #aicg1 !re is a record ( height & weight at ! age ( #ad ye>s #b mon?s1 z foll[s3 ,g ,,norms ,height 7/ock+ feet7 #fc4g in*es #fa4j ,sitt+ height #cc in*es ,weight 7no coat or %oes7 #aba4e p\nds #id4i ,,high ,,s*ool ,,record ,by ,febru>y1 #aicg1 ,g 0 f9i%+ 8 six? t]m 9 ,erasmus ,hall ,high ,s*ool1 ,brooklyn4 ,9 ! fir/ five t]ms 8 "w _h av]ag$ #ij-ie4 ,reg5ts' m>ks to t date 73 ,fr5*1 two ye>s #ie ,plane ,geometry #ajj ,int]m$iate ,algebra #ih ,european ,hi/ory #ia ,9 ,june ( #aice he _h won fir/ prize 9 an algebra conte/ = ! entire grade ( 8 s*ool4 ,dur+ ! fir/ f\r t]ms he _h rank$ fif? 9 s*ol>%ip & 9 ! fif? t]m he ti$ = second place4 ,a lett] f 8 fa!r records t3 ,9 ,june1 #aicd1 he scor$ #agd on ! ,t]man ,gr\p ,intellig5ce te/ :i* 0 giv5 to #bg1egc boys & girls1 graduates ( ! elem5t>y s*ools1 public & p>o*ial1 :o appli$ = admission to ! high s*ools 9 ,new ,york ,city1 ?is score be+ ! highe/ rea*$1 & 0 ref]r$ to1 ?\gh ( c\rse n by "n1 9 ,john ,l4 ,tildsley's ,! ,m\nt+ ,wa/e ( ! ,am]ican ,second>y ,s*ool1 at page #c !re(4 ,a lett] f ,g dat$ ,july #e1 #aich1 records 8 graduation f high s*ool at ! age ( #ae ye>s4 ,he !re says3 ,at pres5t my int]e/ lies along ab/ract l9es2 ma!matics1 *emi/ry1 & physics are my favorite subjects4 ,! occupation ,i w\ld l mo/ to ent] :5 my s*ool+ %all be f9i%$ w\ld be ma!matics4 ,h[ev]1 ,i see no *ance = a job 9 ?is field = rese>* "w z !re is 91 say1 *emi/ry4 ,h5ce ,i feel unc]ta9 z to :e!r ,i %all make ma!matics my life "w or :e!r ,i %\ld specialize 9 "o field or ano!r ( *emi/ry1 my second love4 ,!re is a copy ( ! pr9cipal's /atem5t ,9 ,re ,qualifications ( ,g1 ,c&idate = ,s*ol>%ip1 at ! close ( 8 high s*ool c>e]4 ,x is wor? quot+ "h z a record ( ! judg$ *>act]i/ics ( ?is #ae-ye>-old boy ^: ?\ghtful lett]1 j quot$ f1 %[s 8 s]i\s conc]n ov] ! !oretical & practical possibilities ( ! v>i\s fields ( 8 int]e/4 ,,pr9cipal',s ,,/atem5t ,,9 ,,re ,,qualifications ,,( ,g1 ,,c&idate ,,= ,,s*ol>%ip ,native ability4 ,intellig5ce ,quoti5t #agd on ,t]man ,te/ giv5 at ,erasmus ,hall1 ! highe/ ev] rea*$ "h2 ranks f\r? 9 a grade ( #gab 9 s*ol>%ip4 ,p]sonality4 ,pleasant & helpful2 well lik$ & respect$ by /ud5ts & faculty2 always agreeable1 will+1 eag] to help o!rs4 ,loyalty4 ,loyalty is unque/ion$2 f9e home backgr\nd contributes to high ideals2 8 good example has inspir$ loyalty 9 o!rs4 ,cop]ation4 ,has giv5 mu* "t to clubs1 to tutor+ /ud5ts1 & to giv+ cl]ical assi/ance 9 (fices4 ,integrity4 ,comm5d$ highly by tea*]s = uprightness4 ,lead]%ip4 ,an active lead] 9 _m s*ool activities2 has /rong initiative & unusual res\rcefulness4 ,?or\ghness4 ,class & extracurricul> "w *>act]iz$ by unusual c>e & ?or\ghness2 c>ri$ ?r\gh _m long-t]m assignm5ts ) a m9imum ( sup]vision4 ,orig9ality4 ,out/&+ *>act]i/ic2 :ile work+ 9 8 grade advis]'s (fice he devis$ a new & sup]ior arrangem5t = f9d+ ! (ficial classes ( any "o ( #hjj /ud5ts 9 ! grade4 ,p>tial li/ ( activities & honors4 ,program ,committee1 five t]ms2 ,(fice ,s]vice1 sev5 t]ms2 ,little ,symphony1 two t]ms2 ,or*e/ra1 five t]ms2 ,ari/a1 f\r t]ms2 ,junior ,ari/a1 ?ree t]ms2 ,/r+ ,ensemble1 two t]ms2 ,dut*man ,/aff2 ,,xyz ,ma!matics ,tutor+ ,club1 ?ree t]ms2 prize1 ,geometry ,conte/2 prize1 ,safety ,essay conte/2 m$al1 ,algebra conte/4 ,comm5ts by tea*]s4 ,v effici5t & reliable4 ,v good assi/ant4 ,f9e "w on ,ari/a ,memb]%ip ,committee4 ,f9e boy1 e>ne/1 & will+ work]4 ,brilliant m9d4 ,dilig5t work]4 ,9 ,june1 #aich1 ^u graduation f high s*ool1 ,g 0 aw>d$ a s*ol>%ip 9 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 :i* he ent]$ 9 ! ensu+ academic ye>4 ,g',s ,,bro!r',s ,,record ,a bro!r y\ng] ?an ,g & 8 only sibl+ 0 te/$ at ! age ( #e ye>s #f mon?s at ! ,educational ,cl9ic1 ,college ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 ,8 ,,iq 7,s-,b7 0 #aea4 ,o!r scores 73 ,good5\gh ,draw+ #f4j ye>s ,porteus ,maze #e-f ,p9tn]-,patt]son ,p]=mance #f-f ,/5qui/ ,me*anical ,assembly #f-j ,gates ,prim>y ,read+ ,scale #a;,b ,grade ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t3 ,ari?metic #a;,b ,grade ,?is *ild 0 also measur$ by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? 9 ,febru>y1 #aicc1 :5 he 0 at age #f-aj1 & ! ,/an=d-,b9et ,,iq 0 #aeb4 ,o!r measures made at t "t 73 ,/&+ height #ej4ge in*es ,sitt+ height #bg4ge in*es ,weight #gh4be p\nds ,f\nd left-h&$ ,a lett] f ! fa!r dat$ ,june #bd1 #aich1 reports t ,g's bro!r graduat$ f public s*ool ?is week 7age #aa ye>s #f mon?s74 ,he 0 aw>d$ "o ( two hi/ory m$als giv5 9 a class ( #acd4 ,9 ! ,t]man ,gr\p ,te/ giv5 to ab\t #ajjj applicants he scor$ #aec1 :i* is ! f\r? 9 ! gr\p4 ,! fir/ "o 9 ! gr\p 0 #aef4 #a ,mc,elwee1 ,edna ,willis4 ,seym\r1 a ,boy ) #aib ,,iq4 ,j\rnal ( ,juv5ile ,rese>*1 ,vol4 ,,xviii 7,janu>y1 #aicd71 pages #bh-ce4 #b ,! ,read+ ( a ,gift$ ,*ild4 ,by 8 ,fa!r4 ,j\rnal ( ,juv5ile ,rese>*1 ,vol4 ,,xviii1 ,no4 #b 7,april #aicd71 pages #ajg-aaa4 #c ,?is *apt] 0 writt5 by ,h4 ,l4 ,h4 ,,*apt] ,,elev5 ,,*ild ,h ,*ild ,h1 at ! "t ?is acc\nt is writt51 #a is a girl ( #ag ye>s1 b ! data on record t]m9ate ) h] t5? ye>4 ,%e 0 born ,m>* #be1 #aibd1 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,h] p>5ts h kept a di>y ( h] developm5t1 & an aunt ) special educational int]e/s has made v>i\s obs]vations & records ( h] & has also famili>iz$ h]self ) ! p>5ts' records4 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,h] gr&p>5ts on bo? sides 7 ,au/rian ,hebrews4 ,! mat]nal gr&fa!r 0 a rabbi & did "s writ+4 ,! mat]nal gr&mo!r is said to h %[n "s unusual m5tal al]tness1 a surpris+ & almo/ untutor$ aptness 9 num]ical calculation4 ,at #fe ye>s ( age %e le>n$ to play bridge v well1 & 9 h] old age cont9u$ to %[ lively int]e/s4 ,p>5ts4 ,h's fa!r is a newspap] report]4 ,he att5d$ college = ?ree ye>s4 ,he 0 #bi :5 ,h 0 born4 ,h] "m is a high s*ool graduate & be=e m>riage 0 a /5ograph]4 ,%e 0 #bh :5 ,h 0 born4 ,,pres*ool ,,hi/ory ,h is report$ z a heal?y *ild1 ( av]age /ability4 ,%e is a fir/-born *ild4 ,%e began to walk at #ad mon?s & to talk at #af mon?s1 accord+ to ! p>5ts4 ,%e cut h] fir/ too? at #i4e mon?s4 ,h did n le>n to read until aft] %e 0 #d ye>s old4 ,at ?is age %e 0 fond ( play & h] playmates 7 *ildr5 rang+ 9 age f #c to #i ye>s4 ,h] favorite recreations 7 s$5t>y--draw+1 pa9t+1 mosaic blocks1 & ! l4 ,at #b ye>s ( age %e 0 giv5 a box ( wood5 beads = /r++4 ,%e v quickly le>n$ ! art ( hold+ ! /r+ 9 ! "r h& & ! bead 9 ! left1 & became v mu* absorb$ 9 h] "w4 ,sudd5ly %e look$ up & said1 ',beads1 onions4' ,! record cont9ues3 ,alt]natives seem a pref]r$ mode ( expression at pres5t1 s t %e wants 's\p1 n peas'2 h] h&s are 'clean1 n dirty4' ,at #b ye>s #aj mon?s1 ^u see+ a picture ( a little girl mail+ a lett]1 %e told h]self ! foll[+ /ory3 ,once ^u a "t !re 0 a little girl & %e want$ to mail a lett]4 ,%e w5t out & look$ = a lett] box & f\nd "o ne> ! drug /ore4 ,%e mail$ ! lett] & x came to ,waw>s+ & ,%eve receiv$ x4 7,%eve 0 an aunt liv+ at ,waw>s+47 ,/orytell+ & writ+ plays & v]ses became a favorite pa/ime 9 lat] *ildhood4 ,at ?is "t ,h _h imag9>y companions4 ,= sev]al days ,mr4 ,p>key 7an inv5t$ "*7 0 h] v close fri5d4 ,%e play$ ) him1 conv]s$ ) him1 lov$ him1 kill$ him1 & br\ght him to life aga94 ,%e also inv5t$ new names = h] dolls--,flossie became ,woozie & ,alice became ,kat*4 ,at #b ye>s #aa mon?s %e ask$ ! mean+ ( ! words excitem5t1 gu>antee1 & neatness4 ,%e con/antly ask$ ab\t ! mean+ ( words4 ,%e sang songs to h]self1 su* z ,g into ! next room1 :]e !re's no /eam heat4 ,at ?is age %e ask$ h[ babies are made4 ,:]e d !y come f8 ,h[ d !y come out8 ,:y8 ,w a baby gr[ 9 my belly :5 ,i'm a big lady8 ,at #c ye>s %e want$ to "k if p we> out l bru%es & combs4 ,%e pur*as$ = an imag9>y h\se an extrola1 a gate-legg$ table1 a gate-legg$ bookcase1 & gate-legg$ *airs4 ,at #c ye>s #j mon?s1 wait+ = h] c]eal to cool1 a lump ( butt] put into x is sl[ly melt+4 ,h rem>ks1 h] eyes on ! butt]1 ,n[ x's a baby--baby di$--no m baby4 ,& not+ ! sn[1 %e said1 ,my muffl] is z :ite z ! sn[4 ,%e looks aga9 at sn[ & muffl]4 ,no1 x's a diff]5t :ite4 ,!re is on record a vocabul>y compil$ by ! "m :5 ,h 0 #c ye>s old 7,may #bc1 #aibg74 ,x 0 bas$ on a c\nt ( all ! words us$ by ,h reg>dless ( :e!r %e c\ld tell exactly :at !y mean4 ,t5ses ( v]bs are giv5 b no plurals ( n\ns4 ,! li/ includes ab\t #adjj words1 approximately classifiable z foll[s3 ,n\ns #gde ,pron\ns #ag ,v]bs #dja ,prepositions #ae ,adjectives #afa ,conjunctions #e ,adv]bs #fc ,int]jections #i ,,m5tal ,,measurem5ts ,m>* #bd1 #aibg4 ,age #c ye>s4 ,/an=d-,b9et exam9ation giv5 by ,dr4 ,ella ,woody>d1 ) ! foll[+ results3 ,m5tal ,age1 #e-f2 ,,iq1 #ahc4 ,m>* #h1 #aicj4 ,age #e ye>s #aa mon?s4 ,/an=d-,b9et exam9ation giv5 by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?1 ) ! foll[+ results3 ,m5tal ,age1 #h-i2 ,,iq1 #adh4 ,at ?is "t ,h 0 9 ,grade #a;,a4 ,april #ba1 #aicc4 ,age #i ye>s #a mon?4 ,/an=d-,b9et exam9ation giv5 by ,alice ,m4 ,holmes1 ) ! foll[+ results3 ,m5tal ,age1 #ag-b2 ,,iq1 #ahi4 ,at ?is age %e 0 9 ,grades #e;,a & #f;,b1 ,p4,s4 #bjf1 ,manhattan1 & is describ$ z a quiet & unassum+ p]son1 b mo/ responsive4 ,%e w\ld l to be ) *ildr5 h] own m5tal age1 = !n %e w\ld get a m5tal /imulus & a social life t seems to be d5i$ h] n[4 ,9 ?is same mon? 7,april1 #aicc7 ! ,new ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t ,te/3 ,advanc$ ,batt]y3 ,=m ,v1 giv5 by ,alice ,m4 ,holmes1 %[$ scores z foll[s3 ,p>agraph ,mean+ #aji ,geography #aje ,^w ,mean+ #ajc ,physiology & ,hygi5e #ij ,dictation #hg ,ari?metic ,reason+ #id ,language ,usage #ia ,ari?metic ,computation #aaj ,lit]ature #ia ,av]age score #ig4h ,hi/ory & ,civics #ih ,septemb] #aa1 #aicd4 ,age #aj ye>s #f mon?s4 ,h 0 giv5 ,army ,alpha1 ,=m #h1 by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?4 ,h] score 0 #ace po9ts1 :i* is m$ian = college sophomores4 ,h 0 !n 9 ,grade #g;,b4 ,x is not$ t ,?is result is j :at w\ld h be5 pr$ict$ f te/s made by u :5 ,h 0 #c ye>s old4 ,novemb] #i-ag1 #aicd4 ,age #aj ye>s #g mon?s4 ,dur+ ?is week ,h 0 giv5 a numb] ( te/s by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?1 ) ! foll[+ results3 ,/an=d-,b9et3 ,m5tal ,age3 #ah-f2 ,,iq1 ov] #agd1 unmeasur$ by ! te/4 ,intellig5ce ,scale ,,cavd ,levels ,i-,m ,score #cid ,levels ,m-,q ,score #cib ,cop]ative ,g5]al ,sci5ce ,te/ = ,college ,/ud5ts3 ,score1 #ag2 ,p]c5tile1 #aa4 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts ,m>* #h1 #aicj ,h ,,norm ,/&+ height #dg in*es #de4b ,sitt+ height #bd in*es ,weight #dh4be p\nds #da4g ,april #ba1 #aicc ,h ,,norm ,/&+ height #ed4e in*es #ea4a ,weight #ff4e p\nds #eg4e ,,intellectual ,,ability ,!re is a collection ( _m records %[+ ,h's reactions & op9ions f infancy up to ! age ( #i or #aj4 ,^! conta9 apt comm5ts1 sage rem>ks1 & discrim9at+ judgm5ts4 ,!y reveal a lively intellectual curiosity & a socializ$ attitude4 ,h's p>5ts h pres]v$ copies ( poems & %ort plays t ,h has writt54 ,a collection ( ! be/ ones1 selections writt5 betwe5 #e4e & #h4e ye>s ( age1 cov]s sev5te5 typewritt5 pages4 ,among !m are ! foll[+4 ,if ,i _h ,aladd9's lamp1 y see1 ,i'd give "o wi% to y & me4 ,& !n we'd wi% = e toy1 ,t e *ild %\ld h "s joy4 ,age #e ye>s #f mon?s ,on ! clov] fields he roams1 ,9 ! m\nta9s1 ,at ! homes1 ,makes ! trees & fl[]s gr[1 ,& manufactures pure1 :ite sn[4 --,god-- ,age #h ye>s #f mon?s ,!re 0 an old soldi] ,he 0 all dress$ 9 br[n ,?is soldi] _h an honor-- ,he 0 kn[n all ov] t[n4 ,?is old soldi] _h a mis=tune1 ,t 0 kn[n too4 ,8 be>d x cov]$ 8 m$al1 ,& p c\ldn't see ?r\gh4 ,age #h ye>s #f mon?s ,!re are 9 ! collection brief /ories1 cont9u$ tales1 %ort v]ses1 long] poems1 dialogues1 & plays divid$ into sc5es1 ) appropriate /age in/ructions4 ,f aft] ! t5? ye> !re is an undat$ poem1 submitt$ to ! exam9] ,septemb] #ai1 #aici1 by ! aunt ( ,h4 ,?is poem1 entitl$ ,! ,gospel ( ,intol]ance1 won a prize 9 a poetry conte/4 ,( x ! aunt writes3 ,x 0 fi%$ out f ! wa/ebasket by my si/]4 ,to ! "q :y %e _h ?r[n away ! ,gospel ( ,intol]ance1 ,h answ]$ t %e did n ?9k x 0 wor? keep+1 t %e _h no p>ticul> idea 9 m9d :5 writ+ x1 & t %e 0 j practic+ on ! typewrit] & ?\ght ( ! phrase ,!y said no1 & !n ! re/ j came by itself4 ,incid5tally1 ,h has nev] read ! ,bible4 ,! ,gospel ( ,intol]ance occupies a full s+le-spac$ typewritt5 page4 ,x beg9s z foll[s3 ,! ,gospel ( ,intol]ance ,!y said no ,& :o %all b he> ! :isp] ( comm& %all )\t "q don 8 uni=m & g out ^u ! field ( dea? 9 ob$i5ce ,& :o %all lie asleep 9 ! sun mu/ be r\s$ ,& :o %all sit 9 lav5d] *airs eat+ ( ! e>? %all drop 8 spoon ,& :o %all lie ) ! woman %all turn f 8 passion ,& all ?is %all be done )\t words z ! answ] to ! :isp] ( t :i* is call+ & t :i* is 9 comm& ,& he :o %all /uff 8 e>s ) cotton mu/ ne$s be twice call$ #a ,by ,h4 ,l4 ,h4 ,,*apt] ,,twelve ,,*ild ,i ,?is *ild1 a girl1 0 born 9 ,palo ,alto1 ,cali=nia1 ,june #ag1 #aibi4 ,%e is ! daught] ( "o ( ! male *ildr5 /udi$ by ,t]man & report$ 9 ,g5etic ,/udies ( ,g5ius4 ,%e 0 fir/ obs]v$ :51 9 ,septemb]1 #aicg1 %e ent]$ a special class = rapid le>n]s e/abli%$ by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? at ,spey] ,s*ool1 ,p4,s4 #ejj1 ,manhattan4 #a ,?is exp]im5tal gr\p 0 made up ( fifty *ildr5 *os5 f ! public s*ools ( ! city on ! basis ( intellig5ce1 & _! range 9 ,,iq 0 f #acj to #bjj4 ,( ^! fifty select$ *ildr51 ,*ild ,i 0 "o ( ?ree ^: ,,iq's exce$$ #ahj4 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,*ild ,i's pat]nal gr&fa!r 0 /ill liv+ 9 #aici1 ag$ #fi4 ,he _h a ,normal ,s*ool education 7,s\? ,dakota7 & 0 tea*]1 f>m]1 & small-t[n m]*ant4 ,8 education 0 sup]ior to t usually a*iev$ by f>m boys4 ,8 special int]e/s 7 *ur*1 travel1 & repair "w on 8 own prop]ties4 ,he is describ$ by 8 son z /ubborn1 ?rifty1 & indu/ri\s1 ) uncompromis+ attitudes t[>d worldl9ess4 ,i's pat]nal gr&mo!r di$ :5 ,i's fa!r 0 #i ye>s old4 ,%e _h be5 a tea*] ( music & k9d]g>t51 & a h\sewife4 ,%e 0 educat$ 9 a ,normal ,s*ool & a ,cons]vatory ( ,music4 ,%e 0 an active lead] 9 h] community1 e/abli%$ h] own k9d]g>t51 & 0 socially & musically active 9 local ways4 ,h] home 0 9 ,s\? ,dakota & h] fa!r 0 fir/ ,l& ,commission] ( ,dakota ,t]ritory4 ,he _h l$ a gr\p ( home/ead]s into t region ab\t #ahfj4 ,he 0 politically & educationally active--,commission] ( ,immigration1 ,commission] ( ,education1 9 ! ,t]ritory4 ,no m5tally defective or o!rwise g5]ally incompet5t relatives on ! fa!r's side are kn[n4 ,! great-gr&mo!r ( ,i1 on h] fa!r's side1 is said to h be5 a relative ( ,phillips ,brooks4 ,i's mat]nal gr&fa!r 0 born 9 ,texas ( ance/ry half ,fr5*-,hugu5ot & ! re/ ,g]man-,engli%4 ,he 0 a high s*ool graduate4 ,he 0 9 lat] life a m]*ant & real e/ate op]ator & active 9 community affairs4 ,i's mat]nal gr&mo!r 0 born 9 ,oklahoma1 h] ance/ry be+ ,fr5*-,hugu5ot1 ,wel%1 & ,iri%4 ,9 education %e lack$ a half ye> ( complet+ ! "w = h] ,b4,a4 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,new ,mexico4 ,aft] h] m>riage %e devot$ h]self to h] home & family4 ,%e 0 tal5t$ 9 dramatics & 0 active 9 local *ur*1 club1 & lodge affairs4 ,fa!r4 ,i's fa!r 0 born ,m>* #ba1 #aiji1 9 ,s\? ,dakota4 ,he is ma9ly ( ,engli% desc5t4 ,he has ! degree ( ,b4,a4 & also ( ,m4,a4 f ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 & he 0 a c&idate = ! degree ( ,ph4,d4 9 ,public ,law 9 an ,ea/]n univ]sity at ! "t ( ?is inquiry4 ,he 0 = eight ye>s a college in/ructor1 & lat] 0 connect$ ) a gov]nm5t dep>tm5t at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,he has be5 active 9 8 pr(ession1 has writt5 9 ! field ( gov]nm5t1 & is a memb] ( v>i\s academic societies4 ,he 0 "o ( ! #ajjj *ildr5 describ$ by ,t]man 9 ,g5etic ,/udies ( ,g5ius4 ,he has be5 self-support+ s9ce ! age ( #ai4 ,"m4 ,i's "m 0 graduat$ f high s*ool 9 ,new ,mexico & att5d$ ! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas = "o ye>4 ,%e !n transf]r$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,new ,mexico1 receiv+ h] ,b4,a4 degree 9 #aicj4 ,two ye>s be=e 7#aibh71 :5 %e 0 #bj ye>s old1 %e m>ri$ ,i's fa!r1 & cont9u$ h] college c\rse4 ,aft] graduation %e manag$ h] home & also took "s graduate c\rses4 ,9 high s*ool %e 0 class poet & 9 ! ,honor ,society f\r ye>s4 ,9 h] college ye>s %e 0 active 9 sorority life & on publications4 ,h] major int]e/s 7 debat+1 dramatics1 & /ud5t gov]nm5t4 ,at ! ,univ]sity ( ,kansas %e 0 on ! ,dean's ,honor ,roll 7#aibe-aibf74 ,at ,new ,mexico %e held v>i\s s*ola/ic (fices & 0 aw>d$ sev]al honors4 ,9 m rec5t ye>s ,i's "m has tak5 an active "p 9 ! ,league ( ,wom5 ,vot]s & 9 ! ,faculty ,wives' ,club 9 ! college :]e h] husb& has be5 tea*+4 ,,pres*ool ,,hi/ory ,! foll[+ data h be5 suppli$ by ,*ild ,i's p>5ts1 :o kept a baby-book record ( h] developm5t3 ,l5g? ( pregnancy1 #h4e mon?s4 ,weight at bir?1 #h p\nds4 ,brea/ f$ to #b4e mon?s1 !n bottle f$ to #ah mon?s4 ,fir/ tee? appe>$ at #e mon?s & fir/ p]man5t tee? at #e ye>s4 ,walk$ alone 7sev]al /eps7 at #aj4e mon?s4 ,talk$ 9 %ort s5t5ces at f #ah mon?s to #b ye>s4 ,*ildhood illnesses--measles1 :oop+ c\gh1 mumps1 *ick5 pox1 colds4 ,,e>ly ,,educational ,,hi/ory ,at ! age ( ab\t #b ye>s ,*ild ,i _h be5 obs]v$ 9 ! ,in/itute ( ,*ild ,developm5t 7,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity7 & report$ z be+ hyp]active & ( high intellig5ce4 ,at ! age ( #c or #d ye>s %e 0 us$ z a demon/ration case be=e a class 9 psy*ology 9 ! ,univ]sity & ! ,m5tal ,age ( #g 0 assign$ to h] at t "t4 ,%ortly aft]1 %e att5d$ a k9d]g>t5 9 ! neighborhood ( h] home :]e !y gave h] extra "w--,fr5* & danc+4 ,%e lik$ ?is s*ool4 ,at ! age ( #e ye>s %e ent]$ k9d]g>t5 at ,p4,s4 #aic1 ,manhattan1 = half-day sessions only1 al?\gh %e wi%$ to g all day4 ,at ! age ( #f ye>s %e 0 ent]$ 9 ! fir/ grade at ,p4,s4 #ahf1 ,manhattan1 & 9 ! second t]m 0 skipp$ to ,grade #b;,a4 ,%e sp5t h] sp>e "t aimlessly draw+1 & 0 all[$ to br+ libr>y books to s*ool4 ,"s ( ! "t %e sat ) fold$ h&s :5 h] "w 0 f9i%$1 & %e res5t$ ?is4 ,,m5tal ,,measurem5ts ,janu>y #ad1 #aicg1 0 ! date ( ,i's fir/ exam9ation1 at ! age ( #g ye>s #g mon?s1 & h] ,/an=d-,b9et ,,iq 0 #ahd4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #aicg1 at ! age ( #h ye>s #c mon?s1 %e 0 giv5 ,intellig5ce ,exam9ation ,,cavd1 ,levels ,h-,m4 ,h] score 0 #cfa po9ts4 ,! comm5t record$ by ! exam9] 7,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?7 is3 ,m$ian sev5?-grade *ild is close to ?is m>k4 ,*ild ,i _h at ?is "t j come f a s*ool 9 :i* %e _h be5 plac$ 9 ! ?ird grade4 ,records are available ( sev]al a*ievem5t te/s ,*ild ,i took at diff]5t dates4 ,repres5tative results are to be f\nd 9 two ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t te/s giv5 9 ,decemb]1 #aicg1 & 9 ,june1 #aich4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! %e av]ag$ an age rat+ ( #ab-c & a grade ( #f4c2 9 ! second1 h] age rat+ 0 #ac-e & h] grade #g4f4 ,9 six mon?s %e _h advanc$ a ye> & two mon?s 9 ,educational ,age & _h made a simil> advance 9 grade /atus4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! detail$ results ( ^! two exam9ations4 ,,age ,,age ,,grade ,,grade ,,subject ,,decemb]1 ,,june ,,decemb]1 ,,june1 #aicg #aich #aicg #aich ,p>agraph ,mean+ #ac-g #ae-h #g4h #i4g ,^w ,mean+ #ab-aa #ae-d #g4b #i4c ,dictation #i-aa #aa-g #d4a #e4g ,language #ad-d #ae-d #h4d #i4c ,lit]ature #aa-aa #ae-f #f4a #i4e ,hi/ory & ,civics #ac-a #ac-g #g4d #g4h ,geography #ab-d #ad-h #f4f #h4g ,physiology & ,hygi5e #ab-aa #ac-e #g4b #g4f ,ari?metic ,reason+ #aa-h #aa-c #e4h #e4d ,ari?metic ,computation #aj-e #aa-j #d4d #e4a ,av]age score #ab-b #ac-e #f4e #g4h ,*ild ,i left ?is exp]im5tal s*ool a ye> aft] admission1 :5 h] fa!r 0 appo9t$ to a position 9 ano!r /ate1 to :i* ! family mov$4 ,9 ! new s*ool %e 0 plac$ 9 ! fif? grade1 on ! gr\nd t %e might make bett] social adju/m5ts !re1 al?\gh h] a*ievem5ts 7 cle>ly already bett] ?an ^? ( av]age six?-grade pupils4 ,x is un=tunate t no foll[-up ( ?is *ild has be5 possible4 ,h] record & ! v>iety ( h] abilities 7 /rik+4 ,%e 0 "o ( ! mo/ out/&+ & be/-lik$ pupils 9 ! gr\p at ,spey] ,s*ool4 ,9 addition to h] rem>kable intellig5ce %e possess$ desirable support+ traits :i* l$ ! tea*]s to pr$ict t %e might g f>!r ?an any o!r *ild 9 ! select$ gr\p ( fifty rapid le>n]s4 ,! fairly complete acc\nt ( ,i's backgr\nd & e>ly developm5t has be5 "h provid$ 9 ! hope t x may be made ( use by inve/igators at "s lat] "t4 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts ,,& ,,heal? ,measurem5ts1 z ( ,janu>y #af1 #aici1 age #i ye>s #f mon?s1 7 z foll[s3 ,,*ild ,i ,,norm ,height #eh4e in*es #eb ,weight #if p\nds #fa4e ,*e/ circumf]5ce #bi in*es ,head circumf]5ce #ba4a in*es ,eye color br[n ,hair color d>k br[n ,tonsils & ad5oids caus$ tr\ble 9 #aicc & 7 remov$ 9 #aicd4 ,no visual defects not$4 ,occasional heada*es usually f read+ or rema9+ long p]iods indoors4 ,he>+ excell5t4 ,nutrition excell5t4 ,no symptoms ( g5]al weakness4 ,p>5ts report ,i to be at lea/ v excitable1 & t %e %[s impulsive actions & extreme eag]ness4 ,no sleep difficulties2 no muscul> twit*+2 no special fe>s4 ,sleeps n9e h\rs1 fairly s\ndly4 ,,miscellane\s ,,*>act]i/ics ,h] sup]ior ability 0 fir/ notic$ by p f ! ,univ]sity1 at #ae mon?s1 because ( compreh5sion beyond t expect$ at su* an age4 ,%e is int]e/$ 9 music & wrote ! s*ool song at ,spey]4 ,%e has be5 v mu* int]e/$ 9 nature /udy & sci5ce s9ce h] second or ?ird ye>1 & 9 h] relation%ip to ! _w & ! cosmos4 ,has ask$ que/ions frequ5tly conc]n+ orig9s & creation4 ,%e has %[n no special int]e/s 9 me*anics1 draw+1 or pa9t+1 b f h] second ye> %e has _h active int]e/s 9 recitation & 9 ! dramatization ( nurs]y rhymes1 etc4 ,%e has play$ ) imag9>y companions4 ,%e began mak+ up rhymes at an e>ly age4 ,%e reasons logically & has a /rong s5se ( ju/ice4 ,a neatly b\nd volume ( typ$ pages1 prep>$ by ,i z a ,*ri/mas pres5t1 #aicg1 = ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?1 is entitl$ ,fir/ ,poems4 ,!re are 9 ! collection a doz5 %ort v]ses or long] poems1 ea* dat$ by ,i's age at ! "t ( composition4 ,! ages range f #d4e to #h ye>s4 ,a few samples foll[4 ,,/>s ,! />s are %9+ bright tonight ,i wond] :y !y %9e s bright ,i guess to make x light at night4 ,age #e ye>s ,,! ,,cave ,,man ,! cave man 0 a hunt]1 ,a hunt] brave & bold4 ,he wore ! sk9s ( ^? he kill$ ,to keep him f ! cold4 ,& _m ages lat]1 :5 he _h pass$ away1 ,m5 f\nd 9 caves ! %>p5$ /ones ,t he us$ e day4 ,age #g ye>s #e mon?s ,,fl[]s ,r$ & yell[ tulips bloom+ on ! lawn1 ,bloom+ 9 ! woodl&1 trampl$ by ! fawn1 ,little yell[ d&elions hid+ 9 ! mead[s1 ,giv5 to ! c[ to eat e "t %e bell[s4 ,pretty r$ roses ^u a bu% ,l a little lady bur/+ ) a blu%4 ,:ite & purple lilacs on a bu% ( olive gre5 ,z a bir?day pres5t 7 giv5 to ! que54 ,age #g ye>s #e mon?s ,,se>*+ ,a w&]+ /rang] am ,i ,i believe 9 no?+ b ! great p[]s ( ! gods1 ,! :ole _w h ,i se>*$ = _! wisdom4 ,b su* wisdom f\nd h ,i n4 ,?\gh ,i h se>*$ ! _w ov] ,n a trace ( su* c be f\nd4 ,i h se>*$ on ! hilltops1 9 ! valleys-- ,i wond] if su* ?+s !re are 9 ?is wide _w ( wond]4 ,! rocks h ,i brok5 ,to f9d ?is great wisdom ,b ! wond]\s m>vels are n to be f\nd4 ,age #h ye>s #a ,?is *apt] 0 writt5 by ,h4 ,l4 ,h4 ,,*apt] ,,?irte5 ,,*ild ,j ,e>ly 9 #aicg ! pr9cipal ( ,p4,s4 #ajg1 ,! ,bronx1 ,new ,york ,city1 ref]r$ "o ( h] pupils to ! ,bureau ( ,educational ,guidance ( ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity4 #a ,?is *ild 0 ,j1 a girl !n ab\t #g ye>s #f mon?s old1 born ,may #ah1 #aibi4 ,%e 0 at ?is "t 9 ,grade #e;,a1 & ! pr9cipal & tea*]s _h conclud$ t %e 0 s sup]ior 9 m5tal level t ! ord9>y s*ool program c\ld (f] h] no *all5ge4 ,exam9ations by ! psy*ologi/s ( ! ,bureau %[$ cle>ly en\gh ! correctness ( ?is judgm5t4 ,at ! age ( #g ye>s #aj mon?s1 ,m>* #bb1 #aicg1 h] ,m5tal ,age by ,/an=d-,b9et 0 #ae-e4 ,s9ce %e met ) success on ! ,sup]ior ,adult level1 no actual upp] limit ( h] ability 0 e/abli%$4 ,%e 0 report$1 !re=e1 z hav+ an ,,iq ( #aig or bett]1 & 0 recomm5d$ = admission to ! exp]im5tal class = quick le>n]s 9 ,spey] ,s*ool1 ,p4,s4 #ejj1 ,manhattan1 :i* %e ent]$4 ,9 connection ) ^! te/s at ! ,bureau ( ,*ild ,guidance a mo/ in/ructive & detail$ report 0 made by ! psy*ologi/ 7,edna ,mann74 ,mo/ ( ! items ( ! foll[+ description ( ,j at ?is age are drawn f ?is report1 :i* fills ?ree s+le-spac$ typewritt5 pages4 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,bo? p>5ts graduat$ f college4 ,! fa!r is an in/ructor 9 ,engli% 9 a l>ge ,ea/]n univ]sity4 ,9 ! int]e/s ( educational rese>* he took1 on ,april #bj1 #aici1 ,,i] ,intellig5ce ,scale ,,cavd1 ,levels ,m-,q4 ,8 score 0 #dde po9ts1 :i* ! exam9]1 ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?1 reports is includ$ 9 ! top #a p] c5t ( college graduates & indicates an ,,iq ( n less ?an #ahj 9 *ildhood4 ,! "m ( ,j is a graduate ( a l>ge ,midwe/]n univ]sity & a =m] s*ooltea*]4 ,%e also took ! ,,cavd te/ at ! same "t t h] husb& did1 mak+ a score ( #dcf po9ts4 ,?is1 ! exam9] report$1 is includ$ 9 ! top #e p] c5t ( college graduates & indicates an ,,iq ( n less ?an #agj 9 *ildhood4 ,j has "o si/]1 f\r ye>s y\ng] ?an h]self1 born ,may #a1 #aicc4 ,?is si/] 0 giv5 a ,/an=d-,b9et te/ "u di/ract+ conditions foll[+ a trolley-c> accid5t4 ,( ! outcome1 ! exam9] 7,dr4 ,m4 ,c4 ,prit*>d7 notes3 ,?is 0 n a good te/ & p]haps %\ld n ev5 be includ$4 4 4 4 ,sev]al times %e ask$ to leave ! room to see h[ h] "m 04 ,%e 0 obvi\sly di/ract$ ?r\gh\t4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,m5tal ,age f\nd 0 #i-b at ,*ronological ,age #g-j 7,,iq #aca74 ,9 ! r\t9e te/ giv5 to pupils 9 #a;,a grades ( ! public s*ools ?is si/] is report$ to h _h a score ( #adc 7presumably ,,iq1 by "s gr\p te/74 ,,*ildhood ,,*>act]i/ics ,at ! age ( #g ye>s #aj mon?s ,j is describ$ z pois$1 compet5t1 self-controll$1 & ) social & intellectual maturity /rik+ly advanc$4 ,%e _h cle> spee*1 excell5t diction1 f]tile & po9t$ly express$ ideas4 ,%e 0 a r ?9 *ild1 ) cle> complexion & v bright blue eyes1 & 0 neatly dress$4 ,tee? 7 describ$ z slightly protrud+4 ,9 ! te/ %e 0 int]e/$ & cop]ative4 ,h] conv]sation reveal$ a ri* cultural backgr\nd4 ,%e dislik$ ! necessity 9 s*ool ( repeat$ drills 9 ?+s %e already knew1 & %e did n ne$ or wi% repeat$ in/ructions = ! te/s1 ev5 :5 /&>d practice call$ = !m4 ,%e 0 well-read1 & discuss$ ) discrim9ation plays1 books1 & radio programs4 ,at #c ye>s ( age %e _h be5 read+ books4 ,at #e %e le>n$ to write h] "n s t %e c\ld take out a libr>y c>d4 ,at #g ye>s #aj mon?s %e _h read six ,%akespe>ean plays4 ,%e read all k9ds ( books1 & us$ diction>ies & encyclop$ias indep5d5tly4 ,%e 0 at t "t compos+1 ) a playmate1 a ,j+les ,book4 ,at ?is age %e lik$ to play ) *ildr5 two or ?ree ye>s old] ?an h]self4 ,%e play$ vigor\sly & = sev]al h\rs a day at _m outdoor sports2 %e did n ne$ to d s*ool homework4 ,h] mann] 0 natural1 free f conceit & f exhibitionism ( h] abilities4 ,%e _h good habits ( "w & enjoy$ ! *all5ge ( ! m5tal te/s4 ,h] vocabul>y1 language responses1 & ab/ract ?9k+ 7 cle>ly on an adult level4 ,%e is cr$it$ by ! exam9] ) rem>kable degrees ( m5tal control1 conc5tration1 con/ructive visual imag]y1 & manipulation ( ma!matical & v]bal concepts1 rote memory1 & inductive reason+4 ,on a /&>diz$ te/ ( read+ ability %e exhibit$ a ,read+ ,age ( #ad ye>s #e mon?s at ?is "t 7#g ye>s #aj mon?s74 ,h] writ+ 0 report$ z excell5t4 ,h] e>li] educational progress reflects h] extraord9>y ability4 ,9 h] fir/ six mon?s at s*ool %e complet$ f\r t]ms ( "w4 ,%e 0 "o t]m 9 ,grade #c;,a1 & !n 9 "o t]m pass$ ?r\gh #c;,b1 #d;,a1 & #d;,b4 ,j's p>5ts _h f ! beg9n+ giv5 intellig5t att5tion to h] adju/m5ts 9 s*ool & to h] fri5d%ips4 ,%e _h be5 wisely guid$1 motivat$ to make fri5ds r ?an to be 9 con/ant lead]%ip1 & %e 0 well lik$ & accept$ by h] classmates4 ,at ?is e>ly age ! psy*ological exam9] 0 able confid5tly to pr$ict3 ,9 view ( h] exceptional intellig5ce1 h] app>5tly good heal?1 h] app>5tly excell5t social adju/m5t1 %e c be expect$ to atta9 di/9ction & to w9 lead]%ip 9 high] educational & pr(essional fields4 ,,lat] ,,m5tal ,,te/s ,j 0 giv5 a second ,/an=d-,b9et te/ by ,dr4 ,m4 ,c4 ,prit*>d )9 ?ree days ( h] t5? bir?day1 on ,may #ae1 #aici1 us+ ! #aicg ,revision1 ,=m ,l4 ,a ,m5tal ,age ( #bj ye>s 0 a*iev$ :i*1 if h] limit _h be5 rea*$1 w\ld h meant an ,,iq ( #bjj--v l ! #aig plus attan$ at ! e>li] ,*ronological ,age4 ,on ,febru>y #ag1 #aich1 at ! age ( #i ye>s #i mon?s1 ,j _h also tak5 ,,i] ,intellig5ce ,scale ,,cavd1 ,levels ,i to ,m1 mak+ a score ( #chd po9ts4 ,sev]al records are available on ! ,new ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t ,te/s giv51 a diff]5t =m ea* "t1 to ! pupils 9 ! exp]im5tal class at ,spey] ,s*ool at int]vals ( six mon?s4 ,annual te/s at ! close ( ea* s*ool ye>1 = a p]iod ( ?ree ye>s1 may be us$ "h to %[ ,j's ability & progress 9 ^! respects4 ,su* scores are z foll[s3 ,,educational ,,age ,,function ,,=m ,w ,,=m ,y ,,=m ,x ,,=m ,w ,june #af1 ,june #a1 ,may #ca1 ,may #ah1 #aicg #aich #aici #aidj ,p>agraph ,mean+ #ag-j #ah-e ,unmeasur$ ,unmeasur$ ,^w ,mean+ #ae-i #af-aj #ag-b #ag-h ,dictation #af-f #ag-h #ah-b ,unmeasur$ ,language ,usage #af-e #ai-b #ah-aa ,unmeasur$ ,lit]ature #af-j #af-b #ah-h ,unmeasur$ ,hi/ory & ,civics #ab-f #ab-aj #ae-aa #ag-d ,geography #aa-aa #af-b #ag-d #ah-e ,physiology & ,hygi5e #ab-f #ad-f #af-aj #ah-e ,ari?metic ,reason+ #ac-a #af-f #ag-d #ag-f ,ari?metic ,computation #aa-aj #ad-f #ag-f #ag-f ,av]age score #ad-d #af-c #ag-h #ah-e ,grade /atus #h4d ,unmeasur$ ,unmeasur$ ,unmeasur$ ,! fir/ ( ^! a*ievem5t te/s 0 giv5 %ortly aft] ,j ent]$ ! exp]im5tal class1 f ! fif? grade 9 a public s*ool1 at ! age ( ab\t #g ye>s #f mon?s4 ,at t "t h] s*ool a*ievem5t scores %[ h] to h be5 betwe5 eigh?- & n9?-grade /atus1 ) an ,educational ,age j ab\t twice h] ,*ronological ,age4 ,s f> z ,educational ,age is conc]n$1 al?\gh ! exp]im5tal program 0 half conc]n$ ) enri*m5t activities r ?an ) ! conv5tional fundam5tals1 ,j advanc$ "o ye> & elev5 mon?s dur+ ! fir/ s*ool ye> !re1 "o ye> & five mon?s dur+ ! second ye>1 & n9e mon?s dur+ ! la/ ye>4 ,by ?is "t progress 0 practically impossible because aft] ! fir/ ye> mo/ ( h] scores 7 unmeasur$ 9 grade /atus1 be+ above ! /&>ds = t5? grade4 ,z a matt] ( m]e a*ievem5t scores1 ,j 0 ready = high s*ool "w at ! age ( be+ receiv$ f ! fif? grade into ! exp]im5tal classes at ,spey] ,s*ool4 ,!re are 9 ! files sev]al poems writt5 by ,j :ile %e 0 9 ,spey] ,s*ool1 be=e ,may1 #aici2 t is1 be=e h] t5? bir?day4 ,! foll[+ may be giv5 z a repres5tative sample ( ^! compositions4 ,a ,,m>* ,,sn[fall ,x's ,m>*1 yet sn[ is fall+ fa/1 ,& "o may he> ! w9try bla/4 ,a budd+ tree1 a sign ( spr+1 ,w to me great gladness br+4 ,:5 crocuses h put _! heads1 ,above ! s(t5$ g>d5 b$s1 ,& :5 9 all ! fields ar\nd ,lively little lambk9s b\nd1 ,& gre5 creeps up across ! lawn ,i'll be glad ! sn[ has gone4 #a ,?is *apt] 0 writt5 by ,h4 ,l4 ,h4 ,,*apt] ,,f\rte5 ,,*ild ,k ,*ild ,k is a boy1 born ,decemb] #ai1 #aibb4 ,he fir/ came to ! att5tion ( ?is s]ies ( rese>*es 9 #aibi :5 8 gr&mo!r s\ght advice conc]n+ 8 education f ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?4 #a ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,k's pat]nal gr&p>5ts are ,engli% & ,scot*-,iri%4 ,! gr&fa!r is said to write poetry & ! gr&mo!r to compose music = ! v]ses4 ,k's mat]nal gr&p>5ts are ( ,jewi% orig91 bo? born 9 ,am]ica4 ,! gr&fa!r 0 a tea*]1 ! gr&mo!r 0 9 bus9ess4 ,?is gr&mo!r 0 ! sev5? ( twelve *ildr54 ,! y\nge/ ( ^! is said to be a brilliant woman ( executive ability4 ,! elde/1 at ! age ( #gi1 reads all ! pap]s1 comp>es notes1 etc4 ,"o ( ! bro!rs 9 ?is gr\p 0 a physician1 ano!r a lawy]4 ,a c\s9 ( ,k tea*es 9 ,massa*usetts ,in/itute ( ,te*nology & 0 call$ dur+ ! ,fir/ ,_w ,w> = special "w 9 ma!matics4 ,?is man's si/] is an ar*aeologi/ m>ri$ to an ar*aeologi/4 ,?ree ( ,k's gr&mo!r's si/]s are tea*]s2 ano!r is an arti/4 ,no m5tally defici5t or totally incompet5t p]sons are kn[n among ! ance/ors4 ,k has two sibl+s1 bro!rs y\ng] ?an himself4 ,bo? are report$ to be bright4 ,fa!r4 ,k's fa!r is an electrician1 a graduate ( high s*ool & ( ,coop] ,union4 ,he 0 born 9 ,antigua & 0 #cb or #cd ye>s old :5 ,k 0 born4 ,"o ( 8 si/]s is a high s*ool tea*] 9 ,brooklyn2 ano!r is a nurse2 ano!r1 a /5ograph]4 ,"m4 ,k's "m is record$ z ( ,am]ican-,jewi% orig94 ,%e 0 #cj or #ca ye>s old :5 ,k 0 born4 ,%e is a graduate ( high s*ool & ( ,hunt] ,college 7,a4,b471 ,new ,york ,city1 & holds a lic5se to tea* music 9 ! ,new ,york ,city s*ools4 ,at ! date ( records %e 0 actively 9 s]vice1 tea*+ g5]al subjects4 ,%e _h tak5 ?ree mat]nity leaves ( abs5ce4 ,,e>ly ,,developm5t ,k's p>5ts rate him z a *ild ) excell5t heal?1 /urdy b n]v\s4 ,he may h _h measles1 b !re 7 no o!r *ildhood illnesses except occasional colds4 ,:5 t9y1 he w\ld wake up ) great imag9+s4 ,at a little old] age he w\ld cry ) high t5sion2 he no long] does ?is4 ,accord+ to p>5ts1 ,k cut 8 fir/ too? at #f mon?s4 ,he began to walk at ab\t #bj mon?s & to talk at ab\t #b ye>s4 ,he le>n$ to read at ab\t #c ye>s4 ,:ile /ill a baby 9 8 c>riage he c\ld read 'ice' & he w\ld read ! billbo>ds4 ,be=e #c he w\ld sit d[n ) a book & read4 ,at #e ye>s ( age ,k want$ to discrim9ate 9 mean+ betwe5 bluff1 joke1 & fake4 ,he is untir+ 9 8 att5tion to books4 ,he w sit ) an ,am]ican hi/ory1 an ,engli% hi/ory1 & ,godey's ,hi/ory ( ,am]ican ,beg9n+s 9 ,europe 7:i* goes into ,greece & ,rome7 & ! diction>y ar\nd him1 & w "w at ^! = h\rs4 ,at ! age "h report$ ,k _h no playmates4 ,8 y\ng] bro!rs play$ by !mselves4 ,k did n l to play4 ,8 favorite recreations 7 read+ & transf]r+ pictures1 & consult+ almanacs & diction>ies4 ,he has a passion = accuracy4 ,he has z yet made no collections1 & has no pets4 ,he has no imag9>y companions & no imag9>y l&s4 ,,m5tal ,,measurem5ts ,on ,april #aj1 #aibi1 ,k 0 br\ght to ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 = m5tal te/+4 ,! ,/an=d-,b9et & o!r me?ods 7 employ$4 ,he 0 !n #f ye>s #d mon?s old & _h n yet ent]$ s*ool4 ,on ! ,/an=d-,b9et 8 ,m5tal ,age at t date 0 #i-a1 giv+ an ,,iq ( #adc4 ,b ! exam9] add$ a note to ! record to ! effect t3 ,x is pr$ict$ t ?is *ild w te/ mu* high] lat]1 :5 exam9$ "u /&>d conditions1 alone ) ! exam9]4 ,! conditions "u :i* ?is te/ 0 tak5 are n record$1 b x 0 probably a class demon/ration4 ,on ,m>* #bf1 #aica1 at ! age ( #h ye>s #c mon?s1 ,k 0 aga9 giv5 a ,/&>d-,b9et te/ by ! same exam9]4 ,he 0 !n 9 ,grade #e;,a1 al?\gh only two ye>s be=e he _h n yet ent]$ s*ool4 ,?is "t 8 ,m5tal ,age 0 #ad-h1 giv+ him an ,,iq ( close to #ahj4 ,! e>li] pr$iction ( an increase 9 ,,iq at a lat] age 0 fulfill$1 "u /&>diz$ conditions4 ,al?\gh ,k 0 9 ,grade #e;,a at ?is "t1 x is not$ t ,writ+ is only ab\t ?ird-grade ability4 ,9 ?is manual cord9ation ,k's score 0 ne>] to 8 ,*ronological ,age ?an 0 8 m5tal level4 ,he 0 also giv5 ,trabue ,language ,completion ,scale ,a on ?is date1 ) a score ( ,grade #f4e1 a full ye> ahead ( 8 actual1 ?\gh advanc$1 s*ool placem5t4 ,( su* cases ! exam9] comm5t$ z foll[s3 ,! little boy scor$ a ,m5tal ,age ( #ad ye>s #h mon?s4 ,only "o or two eight-ye>-olds 9 a hundr$ ?\s& rea* su* a score4 ,^! *ildr5 are s f> beyond ! av]age t s*ools are n equipp$ to h&le !m adequately4 ,exp]ts 9 education d n "k :at ! be/ proc$ure is 9 reg>d to _! placem5t 9 s*ool1 b we hope to f9d out z "t goes on4 4 4 4 ,i ask$ y to br+ ! little boy aga9 = purely pr(essional reasons--to le>n h[ he is develop+1 h[ he conducts himself1 & :at 8 int]e/s are4 ,we want to f9d out h[ to educate ^! *ildr54 4 4 4 ,tell him ,i am sure he is go+ to h a good future if he le>ns to get self-control4 7,i m5tion ?is la/ because y spoke ( 8 hav+ emotional upsets47 ,,physical ,,measurem5ts ,at ! age ( #f ye>s #d mon?s1 ,k's /&+ height 0 #dh4b in*es & 8 weight 0 #ej4e p\nds4 7,norms #df4j in*es1 & #dd p\nds47 ,at ! age ( #h ye>s #c mon?s1 ,k's /&+ height 0 #ec in*es2 sitt+ height1 #bh4b in*es2 weight1 #fb p\nds4 ,9 ! two-ye> int]val ,k _h ga9$ #e in*es 9 height & #ab p\nds 9 weight4 7,age norms #di4h in*es1 & #ed4f p\nds47 ,,lat] ,,educational ,,progress ,!re is little record 9 ! files ( ! subsequ5t c>e] ( ?is boy & no foll[-up has be5 made possible4 ,a lett] f 8 "m1 dat$ ,decemb] #cj1 #aicc1 reports t ,k is n[ j elev5 7bir?day ?is mon?7 & w graduate f public s*ool next mon?4 ,?is w\ld mean completion ( ! eigh? grade at ! age ( #aa ye>s4 ,!re is also a lett] f 8 "m dat$ ,decemb] #aj1 #aicg1 at :i* "t ,k 0 ne>ly #ae ye>s old4 ,9 ! foll[+ mon? he 0 to be graduat$ f ,!odore ,roosevelt ,high ,s*ool1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,plans 7 be+ made & advice s\ght conc]n+ college4 ,k _h gone ?r\gh high s*ool an honor /ud5t4 4 4 4 ,8 high s*ool record is out/&+4 ,reg5ts m>ks1 etc41 exceptionally high4 #a ,?is *apt] 0 writt5 by ,h4 ,l4 ,h4 ,,*apt] ,,fifte5 ,,*ild ,l ,?is exceptionally gift$ boy1 born ,may #e1 #aibg1 0 a memb] f ! beg9n+ ( ! exp]im5tal gr\p = rapid le>n]s e/abli%$ ,febru>y1 #aicf1 9 ,spey] ,s*ool by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?4 #a ,9 a*ievem5t z measur$ by /&>d te/s f "t to "t he l$ t gr\p ( highly select$ *ildr51 8 ,,iq be+ #bjj4 ,at ! reque/ ( 8 p>5ts he _h be5 recomm5d$ = admission to ! project by ! pr9cipal ( ! public s*ool he 0 !n att5d+ 9 ,brooklyn 7,p4,s4 #ce74 ,,family ,,backgr\nd ,*ild ,l's ance/ry is ,au/rian-,hebrew4 ,( 8 pat]nal relatives1 an uncle & a c\s9 are rabbis1 & at ! "t ?is record 0 made a c\s9 0 pr(essor ( ma!matics 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,krak[4 ,l's mat]nal gr&fa!r 0 an ,au/rian m]*ant & also a le>n$ man1 :o is said to h writt5 sev]al books4 ,! mat]nal gr&mo!r ( ,l 0 active 9 local circles to :i* %e belong$4 ,at h] dea? %e left money = ,l's college education4 ,a mat]nal uncle is an ar*itect4 ,l's "m's c\s9 is a physician4 ,no m5tally defective or totally incompet5t p]sons among ,l's ance/ors are kn[n4 ,fa!r4 ,*ild ,l's fa!r is a high s*ool graduate4 ,he 0 #cc ye>s ( age :5 ,l 0 born4 ,8 trade is t ( jewel]1 b be+ unable to f9d "w 9 ?is l9e he has tak5 employm5t 9 a factory mak+ airplane precision in/rum5ts4 ,"m4 ,l's "m is a high s*ool graduate4 ,%e 0 #bi ye>s ( age :5 ,l1 h] only *ild1 0 born4 ,%e 0 a dressmak] be=e h] m>riage4 ,,e>ly ,,hi/ory ,l is rat$ by 8 p>5ts z hav+ good heal? & z be+ well-balanc$4 ,he cut 8 fir/ too? at #i mon?s1 began to talk at #i mon?s1 accord+ to 8 p>5ts1 & to walk at #ae mon?s4 ,he le>n$ to read at #d ye>s4 ,8 playmates are sev]al ye>s old] ?an he 7#aj-ab ye>s74 ,l likes to play4 ,8 favorite recreations are read+1 *ess1 & *eck]s4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #aice1 at ! age ( #h ye>s #e mon?s1 he 0 9 ,grade #e;,a#a4 ,8 s*ool rat+s _h be5 ,a = e t]m & he _h accompli%$ f\r ye>s' "w 9 two ye>s4 ,! ,otis ,self-,adm9i/]+ ,te/s _h be5 us$ 9 ! s*ool & ,l _h be5 cr$it$ ) an ,,iq ( #aec--mu* l[] ?an t subsequ5tly f\nd to *>act]ize him4 ,x 0 at ?is "t t he 0 recomm5d$ = ! gr\p ( rapid le>n]s at ,spey] ,s*ool4 ,on ,septemb] #bh1 #aicf1 at age #i ye>s #e mon?s1 a ,/an=d-,b9et te/ giv5 ,l by ,donald ,mac,murray1 a graduate /ud5t1 %[$ him to h a ,m5tal ,age ( betwe5 #ag-aj & #ah-d1 & an ,,iq ( f #ahi to #aie4 ,on ,janu>y #ah1 #aici1 a ,revis$ ,/an=d-,b9et 7#aicg =m7 giv5 ,l by ano!r graduate /ud5t %[$ him to h a ,m5tal ,age ( #ai-f1 8 ,*ronological ,age !n be+ #aj-h4 ,! ,,iq ?us det]m9$ 0 #ahc4 ,m dep5dable is a simil> measure made ,may #e1 #aicg1 by an exp]t 9 ! ,guidance ,laboratory at ,tea*]s ,college 7,rosal9d ,blum74 ,at ,*ronological ,age #aj-j1 ) ! ,revis$ ,/an=d-,b9et 7#aicg ,=m #a7 ,l's score 0 ,m5tal ,age #ai-aa1 ,,iq #aii4 ,c]ta9 details 9 ! report ( ?is te/ are wor? reproduction "h4 ,,guidance ,,laboratory ,,report ,,( ,l ,date ( bir?3 ,may #f1 #aibg ,,ca #aj-j ,date ( te/3 ,may #e1 #aicg ,,ma #ai-aa ,te/3 ,revis$ ,b9et1 ,=m ,l ,,iq #aii ,l e>n$ a basal age at ,sup]ior ,adult ,i ,level4 ,at ,sup]ior ,adult ,,ii ,level he successfully complet$ all ! items except int]pretation ( "o ( ! prov]bs4 ,at ,sup]ior ,adult ,,iii ,level "o m te/ 0 pass$--,ori5tation4 ,l 0 fri5dly & cop]ative ?r\gh\t ! te/4 ,al?\gh he _h nev] se5 ! exam9] be=e1 he made an excell5t adju/m5t to ! te/+ situation4 ,?r\gh\t ! te/ he indicat$ a g5u9e desire to be z accurate z possible4 ,all 8 responses 7 giv5 9 great detail & he always told mu* m ?an 0 necess>y 9 ord] to e>n cr$it4 ,psy*ometrically ,l ranks 9 ! top t5? ( "o p] c5t ( ! population4 ,8 intellectual developm5t is v sup]ior4 ,8 level ( compreh5sion1 vocabul>y1 memory1 & v]bal ability are out/&+4 ,he display$ excell5t insight into 8 "w & spontane\sly criticiz$ 8 own p]=mance4 ,:5 difficult items 7 pres5t$1 he frankly admitt$ t he c\ld n respond accurately4 ,he 0 p]si/5t 9 8 ef=ts & devot$ excell5t att5tion at all times4 ,he has a good und]/&+ ( ! limits ( 8 ability4 4 4 4 ,x is impossible to recomm5d appropriate s*ool placem5t = ?is boy1 s9ce su* ability z he possesses appe>s 9 ab\t "o out ( e million individuals4 4 4 4 ,8 emotional1 educational1 & social adju/m5ts w always be difficult because ( 8 advanc$ intellectual developm5t4 4 4 4 ,l has acquir$ a weal? ( in=mation4 ,we c be sure ( "o ?+--no matt] :]e ?is boy att5ds s*ool1 no matt] :at ! tea*+ devices are1 he w always le>n new facts & in/ruct himself4 ,su* intellectual curiosity z ?is boy possesses w always be satisfi$ because ( 8 own drive to acquire bo? in=mation & skills4 ,a fur!r picture ( ,l's ability at an e>ly age is giv5 by 8 scores 9 two ,,cavd ,intellig5ce ,scale records1 made "u ! sup]vision ( ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?4 ,! fir/ ( ^! 0 made by ,l 9 ,novemb]-,decemb]1 #aicf1 at ! age ( #i ye>s #f mon?s4 ,8 score 7,levels ,m-,q7 0 #cib po9ts1 :i* is not$ z equival5t to a good score = t5?-grade pupils :o plan & are enc\rag$ to g to a fir/-rate college4 ,! second ,,cavd score 7,levels ,m-,q7 0 made 9 ! spr+ ( #aici1 at ! age ( #aa ye>s #aj mon?s4 ,8 score 0 #daf po9ts--a score :i* is m$ian = ,tea*]s ,college ,m4,a4 c&idates & also = ,yale ,law s*ool fre%m54 ,su* a score is at ! #c;d decile ( scores made by ,ph4,d4 c&idates at ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,x 0 made by ,l :ile he 0 /ill 9 ! elem5t>y grades4 ,,a*ievem5t ,,at ,,spey] ,,s*ool ,a few records ( scores on ! ,new ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t ,te/ w %[ ! rem>kable academic "w ( ?is boy f ! age ( #i ye>s #f mon?s to #ab ye>s #f mon?s4 ,,subject ,decemb] #d1 ,decemb] #f1 ,decemb] #ab1 ,decemb] #d1 #aicf #aicg #aich #aici ,age ,grade ,age ,grade ,age ,grade ,age ,grade ,p>agraph ,mean+ #ag-h #aa4g #ah-e ,,um ,,um ,,um ,,um ,,um ,^w ,mean+ #ae-h #i4g #ag-aa ,,um #ag-h ,,um #ah-h ,,um ,dictation #ae-f #i4e #ag-f ,,um #ag-h ,,um #ah-b ,,um ,language ,usage #ae-i #i4h #af-aj ,,um #ah-h ,,um #ai-b ,,um ,lit]ature #ac-i #g4i #af-b ,,um #af-f ,,um #af-h ,,um ,hi/ory & ,civics #ad-d #h4d #ae-j #i4j #af-e ,,um ,,um ,,um ,geography #ag-f #aa4f #ai-b ,,um #ag-h ,,um ,,um ,,um ,physiology & ,hygi5e #ae-d #i4c #ai-b ,,um ,,um ,,um ,,um ,,um ,ari?metic ,reason+ #ad-a #h4b #ai-b ,,um #ag-h ,,um ,,um ,,um ,ari?metic ,computation #ad-aj #h4i #ag-d ,,um #ag-aa ,,um ,,um ,,um ,av]age #ae-f #i4e #ag-f ,,um #ah-b ,,um ,,um ,,um ,at ! "t ( ! fir/ ( ^! a*ievem5t exam9ations1 age #i ye>s #f mon?s1 ,l's a*ievem5t already exce$$ ! /atus ( high s*ool fre%m54 ,aft] ?is 8 "w c\ld n be measur$ 7,,um7 by grade /&>ds4 ,progress 0 /ill possible1 h[ev]1 9 ! subject 9 :i* 8 initial scores 7 relatively l[]4 ,all b "o ( ^! 7 br\ght up to an unmeasurable po9t dur+ ! second ye>4 ,= su* a *ild ! "t sp5t on drill 9 ! fundam5tals w\ld be %e] wa/e--& yet he is too "y to g to high s*ool ) *ildr5 half aga9 z old z he4 ,9 ,spey] ,s*ool he ent]$ actively into ! enri*m5t program & 0 intellectually easily ! lead] ( ! gr\p4 ,! foll[+ *>t %[s1 ?r\gh scores 9 ,mod]n ,s*ool ,a*ievem5t ,te/s z ( ,febru>y #ac1 #aicf1 ,l's comp>ative /atus ) respect to normal expectations = 8 age & also ) respect to ! av]age /atus ( ! class ( gift$ *ildr5 :i* he _h j jo9$ 9 ! exp]im5tal s*ool at ,spey]4 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,comp>ative ,,educational ,,a*ievem5t4 ,! ,y axis is label$ ,grade1 :ile ! ,x axis %[s subjects4 ,l9e #a is ,l's scores1 ,l9e #b is ! ,class ,m$ian1 & ,l9e #c %[s ! ,av]age ,scores at ,l's ,age4 ,l's scores are always high] ?an ! ,class ,m$ian1 :i* are always high] ?an ! av]age scores4 ,! scores = ^! #c are z foll[s 7respectively73 ,compreh5sion1 #i1 #f4e1 #c4b2 ,read+ ,spe$1 #f1 #e4e1 #c4b2 ,spell+1 #f4h1 #e4f1 #c4b2 ,language ,usage1 #i1 #e4h1 #c4b2 ,ari?metic ,computation1 #f4e1 #d1 #c4b2 ,ari?metic ,reason+1 #g4e1 #d4e1 #c4b2 ,heal? ,k1 #h1 #e4b1 #c4b2 ,elem5t>y ,sci5ce1 #i1 #d4g1 #c4b2 ,hi/ory1 ,civics1 #g1 #c4g1 #c4b2 ,geography1 #h4f1 #c4e1 #c4b4 ,"y ,l's erudition 0 a/oni%+4 ,8 passion = s*ol>ly accuracy & ?or\ghness set a high /&>d = accompli%m5t4 ,he 0 relatively l>ge1 robu/1 & impressive1 & 0 fondly dubb$ ,pr(essor4 ,8 attitudes & abilities 7 appreciat$ by bo? pupils & tea*]s4 ,he 0 (t5 all[$ to lecture 7= z long z an h\r7 on "s special topic1 su* z ! hi/ory ( timepieces1 anci5t !ories ( eng9e con/ruction1 ma!matics1 & hi/ory4 ,he con/ruct$ out ( odds & ends 7typewrit] ribbon spools1 = example7 a homemade clock ( ! p5dul> type to illu/rate "s ( ! pr9ciples ( *ronometry1 & ?is clock 0 set up be=e ! class dur+ ! enri*m5t unit on ,"t & ,"t ,keep+1 to demon/rate "s ( ! pr9ciples ( *ronometry4 ,8 notebooks 7 m>vels ( ma/]ly exposition4 ,be+ discont5t$ ) :at he consid]$ ! inadequate treatm5t ( l& travel 9 a class unit on ,transportation1 he agre$ t "t 0 too limit$ to d ju/ice to ev]y?+4 ,b he insi/$ t at lea/ !y %\ld h cov]$ anci5t !ory4 ,z an extra & volunt>y project he br\ght 9 elaborate draw+s & acc\nts ( ! anci5t !ories ( eng9es1 locomotives1 etc4 ,subsequ5t to a visit to ! s*ool by an assi/ant sup]9t5d5t associat$ ) its "w1 ,l address$ to ?is dignit>y ! foll[+ communication4 ,he 0 at t "t #aj ye>s ( age4 ,novemb] #cj1 #aici ,dr4 ------ ------ ,assi/ant ,sup]9t5d5t #ejj ,p>k ,av5ue ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,de> ,dr4 ------3 ,sev]al ( my classmates h in=m$ me t y que/ion$ !m z to ! relation%ip ( ,ar*imides to our unit on ,music1 ,art1 & ,lit]ature4 ,we are n conf9+ ourselves to ,music1 ,art1 & ,lit]ature1 b are also /udy+ ! backgr\nd t help$ to produce ?is culture4 ,we feel t ! only way t we c acquire a full view ( ?is is to /udy contempor>y contributors to ! advance ( civilization4 ,i1 be+ greatly int]e/$ 9 ma!matics1 volunte]$ to deliv] a report on ,ar*imides :o 0 fam\s = 8 ma!matical rese>*4 ,b ?is is n ! only way ,ar*imides is relat$ to our unit on ,music1 ,art1 & ,lit]ature4 ,9 ! act ( writ+ any great piece ( music a k ( ma!matics is ess5tial4 ,also 9 any good "w ( art x ent]s into ! =m ( p]spective )\t :i* a draw+ is apt to be void & lifeless4 ,!re=e ,ar*imides has be5 includ$ 9 our unit4 ,i hope t y w soon visit our classroom aga9 = all ! *ildr5 enjoy ! talks y (t5 give !m4 ,respectfully y\rs 7,sign$7 ,,high ,,s*ool ,,record ,,to ,,date ,,( ,,writ+ ,l ent]$ ,bronx ,sci5ce ,high ,s*ool 9 ,febru>y1 #aidj4 ,?is high s*ool selects its /ud5ts on ! basis ( a competitive exam9ation4 ,no classification on ! basis ( ability is made aft] entrance to ! s*ool4 ,l's f9al grades = ! fir/ t]m1 clos+ ,june1 #aidj1 are3 ,engli%1 #ie2 ,social ,/udies1 #ii2 ,ma!matics1 #ajj2 ,sci5ce1 #ii2 ,av]age1 #ih4be4 ,! judgm5t ( 8 sup]visors & tea*]s is %[n by ! foll[+ quotations f comm5ts ab\t him1 z ( ,june1 #aidj4 #b ,he is an excell5t /ud5t4 ,my only criticism ( ! boy is t he is too mature4 ,he %\ld be m ( a nuisance4 ,z ,i see x1 our problem ( adju/m5t "h = ,l is to make him m ( a real boy4 ,dr4 ,m1 ,adm9i/rative ,assi/ant4 ,he is a wond]ful boy1 & t cov]s ev]y?+4 ,mr4 ,c41 ,social ,/udies4 ,l is ! be/ boy ,i h _h 9 all ( my tea*+ exp]i5ce1 & ,i h taught 9 ! ,new ,york ,city s*ools s9ce #aiac4 ,he is ! only boy ,i ev] gave #ajj z a f9al m>k4 ,he kn[s rules ( trigonometry t he nev] has _h 9 s*ool4 ,mr4 ,w1 ,ma!matics4 ,i fir/ became acqua9t$ ) ,l :5 he walk$ into my (fice la/ t]m & introduc$ himself4 ,he said he 0 try+ to make up 8 m9d betwe5 ,sci5ce ,high ,s*ool & ,t[ns5d ,h>ris4 ,he _h decid$ ! mo/ s5sible way 0 = him to visit bo? s*ools & !n make 8 decision4 ,he is a mo/ unusual y\ng/]4 ,we f\nd he surpass$ any *ild 9 ! class4 ,i am go+ to discuss ) 8 next t]m's tea*] :at modifications c be made ( ! requir$ "w4 ,x won't be a matt] ( skipp+ any?+4 ,l ne$s to cov] all ! subject matt] taught4 ,he c pr(it f exp]i5ce 9 manipulative situations 9 ! laboratory4 ,we may be able to arrange additional laboratory p]iods :i* w give him an opportunity to "w out 8 own problems4 ,8 classmates look ^u ,l z some?+ ( a g5ius4 ,mr4 ,z41 ,head ( ,sci5ce ,dep>tm5t4 ,l feels t ! s*ool he *ose is a good "o & is well suit$ to 8 purposes1 because ! tea*]s are v good1 ! s*ool tea*es ! subjects he wants to le>n1 & he is n hamp]$ by ! excessive size ( ! s*ool4 ,by way ( improvem5t he sugge/s ,m ma!matics equipm5t & class =m$ accord+ to /ud5ts' rat+s1 sm>te/ t51 say1 9 fir/ class1 etc4 ,9 addition to 8 "w 9 ?is s*ool1 & to 8 e>li] s*ool "w1 ,l has gone to ,hebrew s*ool ab\t n9e h\rs a week = f\r ye>s1 & has j be5 graduat$ !refrom ) fir/ honors4 ,he reports _m hobbies & outside int]e/s--su* z mak+ model airplanes1 do+ sci5ce exp]im5ts at home1 read+1 us+ ! microscope1 collect+ e>ly ,am]ican ,money & /amps4 ,he does n d mu* outdoor play+--,n because ,i d n want to play outdoors b because ,i lack ! "t & ! companions4 ,my favorite sport is swimm+ because x is bo? enjoyable & good ex]cise4 4 4 4 ,i v seldom take "p 9 any organiz$ a?letic games except baseball = two reasons3 fir/1 ,i don't l to be discipl9$ &1 second1 ,i d n l games :]e a p]son's brawn is m important ?an a p]son's wit4 ,l & a fri5d h />t$ a supply s]vice 9 ! high s*ool1 buy+ at :olesale & sell+ to /ud5ts at retail prices4 ,= ?is privilege1 #bj p] c5t ( ! pr(its !y turn into ! ,g5]al ,organization c>f>e fund = ne$y /ud5ts4 ,l's *ief crit]ion 9 *oos+ 8 outside activities is _! educational value4 ,by mak+ model airplanes ,i c f9d out m ab\t sci5tific pr9ciples ( fly+4 4 4 4 ,any exp]im5ts 9 sci5ce ,i make may help me to advance my sci5tific k4 4 4 4 ,i am do+ "s exp]im5t+ 9 soilless g>d5+ z a sci5tific hobby4 4 4 4 ,i believe t /amps %\ld h real int]e/ beh9d !m & n money value alone4 4 4 4 ,i d n play any musical in/rum5ts al?\gh ,i 0 draft$ into ! high s*ool glee club by ! music tea*]4 ,i w\ld r "w on amateur radio if ,i _h ! money4 ,i l music b ,i c't make x4 ,l wants to take /5ography & typ+ 9 night s*ool4 ,x w come 9 h&y 9 high s*ool & :5 ,i get to college ,i may be able to get a job ) "s pr(essor4 ,,lat] ,,te/s ,,& ,,inv5tories ,9 connection ) ! inquiry into ,l's adju/m5ts ^u ent]+ high s*ool1 ,dr4 ,prit*>d has also giv5 him sev]al fur!r te/s & inv5tories1 ! results ( :i* are z foll[s4 ,on ,,cavd 7,levels 7,m-,q7 8 score is n[ #dbg po9ts1 :i* is 9 ! #g? decile ( ! ,ph4,d4 ,matriculants at ,tea*]s ,college4 ,on ! ,/rong ,vocational ,int]e/ ,blank ,l's ,a 7high7 int]e/s co9cid$ ) ^? ( physicians1 ma!matics1 *emi/s1 psy*ologi/s1 & tea*]s ( ma!matics & physical sci5ce4 ,8 ,c 7l[7 int]e/s 7 on mo/ occupations deal+ ) l>ge gr\ps ( p3 p]sonnel manag]1 social sci5ce high s*ool tea*]1 pur*as+ ag5t1 acc\ntant1 sales manag]1 real e/ate salesman1 life insurance salesman1 (fice work]1 ,y4,m4,c4,a4 secret>y4 ,8 fir/ *oice = an occupation is ma!matics tea*] on ! college level4 ,he dislikes any occupation :]e !re is little opportunity to discov] new facts4 ,on ! ,b]nreut] ,p]sonality ,inv5tory ! foll[+ *>act]i/ics 7 indicat$3 ,emotional adju/m5t bett] ?an av]age1 t5ds to be alone1 r>ely asks = sympa?y or enc\ragem5t1 t5ds to ignore advice ( o!rs1 seldom worries1 r>ely sub/itutes daydream+ = action1 t5ds to dom9ate 9 face-to-face situations1 to be :olesomely self-confid5t1 well adju/$ to environm5t1 solit>y1 indep5d5t1 & non-social4 ,! foll[+ records 7 made on ! ,sones-,h>ry ,high ,s*ool ,a*ievem5t ,te/3 ,language & ,lit]ature1 #hc ,! #ii?-p]c5tile score = /ud5ts complet+ ! fir/-t]m high s*ool ,engli% is #ge4 ,a score ( #hc falls at ! #hh? p]c5tile on norms bas$ on #idc graduates f a l>ge cosmopolitan city high s*ool4 ,ma!matics1 #fd ,! score at ! #ii? p]c5tile = fir/-t]m ma!matics /ud5ts is giv5 z #cf4 ,a score ( #fd exce$s ! scores ( #ih p] c5t ( ! #idc high s*ool graduates cit$ above1 & #ii p] c5t ( #aaef college entrants4 ,natural ,sci5ce1 #fa ,! #ii?-p]c5tile score = /ud5ts :o h _h "o t]m ( high s*ool sci5ce is #db4 ,a score ( #fa exce$s ! scores ( #if p] c5t ( ! high s*ool graduates4 ,social ,/udies1 #fd ,! #ii?-p]c5tile score = /ud5ts complet+ "o t]m's "w 9 social sci5ce is #fe4 ,a score ( #fd exce$s #ij p] c5t ( ! scores ( ! high s*ool graduates4 ,total ,score1 #bgb po9ts ,a total score ( #bgb po9ts exce$s ! score ( #ie p] c5t ( ! gr\p ( high s*ool graduates f a cosmopolitan city high s*ool4 ,on 8 own initiative1 ,l is inve/igat+ ! possibilities ( s*ol>%ips ) college "w 9 m9d4 ,he says3 ,i sp5d betwe5 two or ?ree h\rs a night on homework4 ,i don't ne$ to d ?is1 b ,i am aim+ = a s*ol>%ip & tak+ x v s]i\sly4 #a ,?is *apt] 0 writt5 by ,h4 ,l4 ,h4 #b ,?is section is an abbreviation ( an acc\nt c\rte\sly provid$ by ,dr4 ,miriam ,c4 ,prit*>d1 :o made a foll[-up /udy ( ,l's fir/-t]m adju/m5ts 9 high s*ool4 ,,*apt] ,,sixte5 ,,summ>ies ,,( ,,h]$ity ,,& ,,e>ly ,,behavior ,x is ( c\rse obvi\s t no v g5]al conclusions c be drawn f data relat+ to a doz5 in/ances ( exceptional m5tal end[m5t su* z ^? report$ 9 ?is monograph4 ,su* data may1 h[ev]1 be add$ to in=mation 9 process ( accumulation f simil> /udies1 ! :ole provid+ a respectable basis = judgm5t4 ,! facts conc]n+ ! gr\p ( individuals pres5t$ 9 ?is book are1 !re=e1 summ>iz$ 9 ! =m ( ! foll[+ brief review4 #a ,,family ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,backgr\nd ,! racial & national ance/ry ( ! twelve *ildr5 ^: records h be5 pres5t$ 9 prec$+ pages may be *iefly a condition aris+ f ! population 9 :i* !y 7 f\nd4 ,comp>ison ) results f o!r population areas may s]ve to *eck c]ta9 implications sugge/$ h]e94 ,all ^! cases 7 f\nd & /udi$ 9 ,new ,york ,city & ab\t half ( !m 9 ! public s*ools4 ,among ! ance/ors ^: orig9s are m5tion$1 9 ! endeavor to g beh9d ! simple /atem5t ( ,am]ican p>5ts1 ! nationalities are giv5 z ,jewi%1 #ac2 ,briti%1 #i2 ,g]man1 #b2 ,fr5*1 #b4 ,9 mo/ cases ! ance/ors are individually comp\nd-- z ,au/rian-,jew1 ,g]man-,am]ican1 etc4 ,! activities ( ! m remote ance/ors cov] a wide range1 f f>m+ & small-t[n /orekeep+ to ! le>n$ pr(essions1 l>ge bus9ess1 & political activity4 ,on ! :ole1 ! remote ance/ors appe> to h be5 fairly successful p1 ) ! majority ( !m 9 ! pr(essions4 ,no cases ( m5tal defici5cy or total incompet5ce are record$ among !m4 ,a few ( ^! *ildr5 7 f families 9 economic di/ress4 ,^! cases 7 l>gely in/ances 9 :i* ! fa!r 0 dead or incapacitat$ & ! "m 0 /ruggl+ to c>ry on ) sl5d] res\rces4 ,b on ! :ole1 z 9 e>li] cases cit$ f ! lit]ature ( gift$ *ildr51 ! socio-economic /atus 0 mod]ate4 ,! fa!r's occupations are 9 #aj ( ! #ab cases 9 ! pr(essions4 ,!y may be classifi$ z3 ,eng9e] #a ,lawy] #a ,army (fic] #a ,college tea*] #b ,acc\ntant #b ,electrician #a ,j\rnali/ #b ,jewel] #a ,insurance #a ,! occupations ( ! mo!rs1 ei!r be=e or aft] m>riage1 :5 /at$1 73 ,adv]tis+ #a ,tea*] #b ,h\sewife #c ,secret>y #b ,/ati/ician #a ,dressmak] #a ,sci5ti/ 7,m4,d47 #a ,all b #b ( ! fa!rs are kn[n to be high s*ool graduates2 #e w5t beyond ?is po9t 9 bus9ess or trade s*ool2 #d are college graduates4 ,z = ! mo!rs1 all b #b are high s*ool graduates1 & #e hold college degrees4 ,ages ( p>5t at "t ( bir? ( *ild1 :5 giv51 are z foll[s3 ,fa!r ,"m ,bel[ #be #b #a ,f #be-cj #c #d #cj-ce #b #b #ce-dj #c #a ,m$ian age ( fa!rs1 #ca2 ( mo!rs1 #bh4e4 ,( ! #aa cases :]e ! facts are kn[n1 #e are only *ildr52 #d h "o sibl+2 #a has #b sibl+s & #a has m ?an ?is4 ,9 #e cases :]e ! *ild 9 "q is n an only *ild1 he or %e is ! elde/ sibl+4 ,t is1 9 #aj ( ! #ab cases ! *ild is a fir/-born1 s f> z ! records %[4 ,9 a few cases ! ,,iq ( ! sibl+ 7or sibl+s7 is kn[n4 ,su* ,,iq's are inv>iably above #acj1 9 mo/ cases mu* high] b 9 no case s high z ! #ahj t w\ld h be5 requir$ to admit !m to ! gr\p "h consid]$4 ,o!rwise1 ( c\rse1 !y w\ld h be5 includ$ 9 ! /udy4 ,( ! #ab cases "h describ$1 #d are girls4 ,x has already be5 not$ t among ! #ai cases cit$ f ! lit]ature ( gift$ *ildr5 !re 7 #ab girls & #g boys4 ,! total ( #ca cases :i* ?is /udy n[ makes available comprises #af girls & #ae boys--z equitable a division ( ! honors z an odd numb] makes possible4 ,,physical ,,& ,,behavioral ,,developm5t ,no s+le item indicative ( e>ly developm5tal pace 9 physique & movem5t is giv5 = all ! #ab cases4 ,= mo/ ( !m records are giv5 on walk+1 talk+1 read+1 fir/ too?1 height1 & weight4 ,grip is record$ 9 #e cases1 weight at bir? 9 #c only4 ,^! data are summ>iz$ 9 ! foll[+ table4 ,s9ce height1 weight1 & grip 7 tak5 at v>y+ ages on ! diff]5t *ildr51 all t is indicat$ 9 ^! columns is above normal 77 or bel[ normal 7--74 ,,age ,,( ,,age ,,( ,,age ,,( ,,fir/ ,,*ild ,,walk+ ,,talk+ ,,read+ ,,too? ,,height ,,weight ,,grip 7,,mon?s7 7,,mon?s7 7,,ye>s7 7,,mon?s7 ,a #aa #c ,b #ae #i #c #g ,c #ae #af #c #i -- -- ,d #ab #aa #a4e #d -- ,e #ac #bd #h ,normal -- ,f #ad #ab #d4e #aj ,g -- ,h #ad #af #d #i4e -- ,i #aj4e #ba #c #e ,j ,k #bj #bd #c #f ,l #ae #i #d #i ,m$ian age ( walk+1 = ! cases record$1 is #ad mon?s--a :olly normal age = *ildr5 9 g5]al4 ,m$ian age ( talk+ is #ad mon?s--consid]ably e>li] ?an ! norm usually recogniz$4 ,! range1 too1 is wide--f #i to #bd mon?s4 ,fir/ tee? normally beg9 to appe> 9 ! six? to sev5? mon?1 & ! m$ian "h is close to t4 ,m$ian age ( read+ "h report$--#c ye>s--is e>li] ev5 ?an t f\nd 9 ! #ai cases cit$ f previ\s lit]ature 7#c4e to #d ye>s74 ,all b "o ( ! #aj cases = :i* /ature is report$ exce$ ! norms 9 ?is respect4 ,six are heavi] ?an ! age norm1 #a j at x1 & #c are light] 9 weight4 ,! records ( grip te/s %[ no?+ unusual4 ,9 #c cases :]e weight at bir? 0 record$1 ?is 0 f #g to #aj p\nds4 ,heal? is g5]ally report$ good4 ,talk+ & read+ are ! two developm5tal indices t mo/ cle>ly diff]5tiate ^! records f ! norms4 ,^! activities1 bo? involv+ ! use & und]/&+ ( symbols1 are ! e>lie/ cle> expressions ( m5tal livel9ess4 ,aft] !y h appe>$1 ! gift$ *ild's *>act]i/ics appe> 9 ^? traits call$ und]/&+1 judgm5t1 le>n+1 discrim9ation1 & 9 ! int]e/ 9 & capacity = su* l+ui/ic & ab/ract activities z are provid$ by s*oolwork4 ,x is1 !re=e1 9 ! e>li] s*ola/ic activities & 9 social relations t ^! *ildr5 mo/ notably decl>e _! quality "u our prevail+ sy/em ( *ild managem5t4 ,,*apt] ,,sev5te5 ,,s*ola/ic ,,a*ievem5t ,,& ,,creative ,,activity ,! foll[+ brief summ>ies ( ! a*ievem5t & adju/m5t ( ^! twelve *ildr5 may s]ve to sugge/ a few g5]al pr9ciples t are applicable to o!r cases z well4 #a ,,s*ola/ic ,,a*ievem5t ,,& ,,educational ,,adju/m5t ,*ild ,a4 ,?is boy %[$ signs ( precocity be=e 8 second ye>1 recit+1 classify+1 & play+ ) words & lett]s2 & be=e ! age ( #c ye>s %[+ int]e/ 9 rhymes & /ories4 ,f fir/ s*ool entrance suitable placem5t 0 a recogniz$ problem1 & by ! "t ,a 0 #f ye>s old he 0 br\ght to a college cl9ic = educational guidance4 ,?r\gh\t elem5t>y s*ool ,a 0 a try+ problem1 lack+ int]e/ 9 ! r\t9e program4 ,he 0 beh9d 8 m5tal level 9 h&work & 0 n motivat$ to d 8 be/ "w2 he fitt$ poorly into social activities4 ,"* traits 7 highly approv$1 except p]haps = indep5d5ce & ob/9acy4 ,he resort$ to imag9>y l&s1 read+1 & sci5ce & ma!matics z =ms ( play4 ,! case 0 n foll[$ f> en\gh to %[ 8 f9al educational a*ievem5t1 al?\gh x is kn[n t he w5t ?r\gh high s*ool & ent]$ college4 ,*ild ,b4 ,?is girl 0 occupi$ ) words by ! "t ( h] second ye>4 ,h] ability 0 n e>ly recogniz$ by ! s*ools %e att5d$1 al?\gh %e pass$ sev5?-grade /&>ds :ile /ill 9 ! f\r? grade & h] m>ks 7 always high4 ,z %e _h m>k$ social int]e/s & aptitudes1 ?is educational misplacem5t caus$ no s]i\s tr\ble4 ,:5 ev5tually skipp$1 h] size & poise kept h] f be+ conspicu\s1 al?\gh ! y\nge/ 9 ! class4 ,%e 0 app>5tly a natural lead]1 & 9 addition to ! usual preoccupation ) read+ %e _h z an outlet ! gr\ps & clubs %e organiz$4 ,s9ce %e 0 foll[$ only to high s*ool1 h] f9al educational adju/m5t is n kn[n4 ,*ild ,c4 ,?is boy le>n$ to read almo/ z soon z he talk$1 & read flu5tly be=e beg9n+ s*ool4 ,he 0 at once recogniz$ z odd1 b 9 spite ( p]fect "w he 0 n advanc$ & 8 ability 0 unappreciat$ by 8 tea*]s4 ,at #i ye>s #f mon?s1 ) a m5tal age ( #ah1 he 0 /ill 9 ! fif? grade4 ,he 0 v unhappy until ! pr9cipal s\ght educational advice on 8 case & he 0 admitt$ to a segregat$ exp]im5tal class = rapid le>n]s1 :]e he quickly became adju/$ & 0 an en?usia/ic s*ol>4 ,p]sonal traits made social adju/m5t faulty1 b he p]si/$ 9 8 educational c>e] aga9/ heavy economic h&icaps1 f9i%$ high s*ool & college ) honors1 & complet$ ! m$ical tra9+ t admitt$ him to ! pr(ession t _h be5 8 ambition s9ce *ildhood4 ,*ild ,d4 ,?is boy 0 read+ be=e he 0 #b ye>s ( age1 & 0 also int]e/$ 9 numb]s & relation%ips4 ,he made social contacts ev5 be=e ent]+ s*ool by publi%+ a playgr\nd newspap]4 ,z an exception to ! prevail+ rule1 ?is boy's ability 0 e>ly appreciat$ by 8 p>5ts & x 0 recogniz$ by 8 tea*]s z e>ly z k9d]g>t54 ,8 educationally int]e/$ p>5ts sup]vis$ 8 in/ruction & s\ght exp]t advice4 ,v>i\s side tal5ts 9 :i* he 0 v]satile 7 also cultivat$4 ,ma!matical & sci5tific int]e/s appe>$ e>ly & 7 enc\rag$4 ,progress ?r\gh s*ool 0 facilitat$ & he ent]$ college at #ab ye>s #f mon?s ( age1 graduat+ ) honors at j ov] #af4 ,9 ! foll[+ twelve ye>s he became a pr(ici5t & well-tra9$ indu/rial *emi/1 hold+ an important position 9 ?is field at ! "t ( 8 dea? at ! age ( #bh4 ,*ild ,e4 ,?is *ild's ability also 0 recogniz$ by tea*]s & p>5ts at an e>ly age1 & ?is appreciation l$ to dilig5t sup]vision ( 8 subsequ5t education4 ,:5 he began to talk he 0 equally conv]sant ) f\r languages4 ,he 0 always accel]at$ 9 s*ool & 8 sup]ior size made ?is proc$ure feasible1 at lea/ 9 *ildhood4 ,8 :ole b5t 0 t[>d s*ol>ly pursuits1 & mu* ( 8 /udy 0 privately conduct$4 ,e ent]$ college at #ab ye>s & 8 precocity 0 widely exploit$ on ! campus & 9 ! press4 ,8 devotion to 8 "w & 8 good s5se & humor pres]v$ him f social difficulties4 ,he ev5 imp]sonat$ himself 9 a class play4 ,8 subsequ5t intellectual progress 0 ph5om5al & he spe$ily became a s*ol>ly contributor & an influ5tial & active lead] 9 ! field ( 8 boyhood *oice4 ,*ild ,f4 ,?is boy 0 an educational problem ev5 9 8 fir/ ye>s 9 an ungrad$ s*ool4 ,aft]w>d tea*]s refus$ to place him 9 grades high en\gh to keep him occupi$4 ,a b5ign =m ( truancy t l$ him to ! public libr>y & to *ess t\rnam5ts 0 8 way out ( 8 pr$icam5t4 ,b 9 ! process he develop$ an av]sion to educational processes & to au?orities ( all k9ds4 ,he 0 appreciat$ nei!r by 8 p>5ts nor by 8 tea*]s until he 0 discov]$ 9 a survey t s\ght = j su* m9ds = an exp]im5tal project 9 ! education ( ! gift$4 ,traits o!r ?an intellectual made 8 subsequ5t educational hi/ory take ! =m ( spurts1 ) int]v5+ debacles4 ,he di$ be=e ! outcome ( ?is gr\p ( circum/ances c\ld mat]ialize4 ,*ild ,g4 ,?is is a ?ird case ( e>ly recognition by tea*]s & ( guidance by p>5ts1 :i* l$ 9 *ildhood to an educational cl9ic = advice4 ,e>ly int]e/s 9 read+ 7 fo/]$ & direct$1 & m extrov]t & social activities 7 devis$ by 8 p>5ts4 ,g 0 rapidly promot$1 & aft] ent]+ an individual progress class he 0 a cont5t$ s*ol>4 ,9 spite ( ! facilitation ( 8 progress ?r\gh ! grades he 0 n ?r\gh high s*ool until #ae1 & !re is e evid5ce ( satisfactory p]sonal & social adju/m5t4 ,! case record ends ) 8 admission to college1 on a s*ol>%ip1 ) def9ite & cle>ly def9$ aims & int]e/s4 ,*ild ,h4 ,?is girl's int]e/ 9 words1 /ories1 & relation%ips 0 notic$ be=e h] ?ird ye>1 & e>ly recognition ( h] gifts appe>s to h come ?r\gh an aunt :o _h special educational insight4 ,al?\gh ,h resort$ to imag9>y companions1 %e 0 socially m9d$ en\gh to enjoy playmates4 ,s9ce ! record t]m9ates ) h] t5? ye>1 !re are no data on h] lat] educational c>e]4 ,b h] /ory ?us f> appe>s placid & m>k$ by good adju/m5t & intellig5t guidance4 ,*ild ,i4 ,?is case _h ! advantage ( a p>5t :o also _h be5 /udi$ by educational exp]ts int]e/$ 9 ! gift$4 ,also h] p>5ts 7 !mselves tea*]s4 ,z e>ly z #b ye>s %e _h be5 id5tifi$ z exceptional & h] subsequ5t c>e] appe>s to h be5 guid$ ?r\gh\t ) wisdom4 ,i's discont5t ) aimless activity 9 ! fir/ two s*ool grades 0 solv$ by plac+ h] 9 ! special exp]im5tal class = rapid le>n]s4 ,h] excell5t progress & adaptation "h con/itute a cle> demon/ration ( ! advantages ( e>ly id5tification & intellig5t educational placem5t4 ,*ild ,j4 ,?is *ild's ability 0 recogniz$ by h] tea*]s f ! beg9n+4 ,%e 0 accord$ v rapid advancem5t1 :i* 0 probably ! only solution available "u ! circum/ances4 ,! p>5ts1 !mselves educators1 also contribut$ intellig5t c>e & guidance 9 h] developm5t4 ,?is favorable conjunction l$ to h] prompt admission to an exp]im5tal gr\p = *ildr5 ( h] quality z soon z ! regul> tea*]s realiz$ _! inability to provide fur!r /imulation = h]4 ,! def9ite s]vice provid$ 9 ?is case by ! ,bureau ( ,educational ,guidance is also an in/ructive "p ( ! picture4 ,*ild ,k4 ,?is boy's hi/ory is meag]ly record$4 ,8 picture is ! usual "o ( e>ly read+ & native int]e/ 9 le>n+4 ,by 8 sev5? ye> he _h be5 appreciat$ by relatives :o s\ght exp]t advice & guidance 9 8 education4 ,su* advice 0 !n s\ght f "t to "t by 8 p>5ts1 & ! brief record %[s no unt[>d developm5ts 9 8 subsequ5t education up to ! end ( high s*ool4 ,*ild ,l4 ,a*ievem5t 0 s conspicu\s 9 ?is case t z soon z ,l ent]$ s*ool he 0 giv5 rapid promotion4 ,8 recomm5dation to ! special class = rapid le>n]s 0 due to ! jo9t action ( 8 p>5ts & ! s*ool pr9cipal4 ,once 9 ?is gr\p1 ,l's educational problems vani%$4 ,exp]t guidance also att5d$ 8 entrance to high s*ool4 ,z a result ( ^! circum/ances 8 fur!r c>e] appe>s to be propiti\sly laun*$4 ,! obs]vations t seem mo/ obvi\sly to em]ge f ^! brief summ>ies ( educational hi/ory are z foll[s3 #a4 ,su* *ildr5 z are "h pres5t$ con/itute difficult educational problems f _! entrance 9 s*ool4 ,! problems are n only ^? ( ! tea*]s & educational au?orities1 b !y are *iefly1 p]haps1 ! problems ( ! *ildr5 !mselves4 #b4 ,dep5d+ on ! solution ( ^! problems1 su* *ildr5 may ei!r be well articulat$ to ! "w ( s*ool & society & ?us _! rem>kable tal5ts be socially capitaliz$1 or !y may1 on ! o!r h&1 develop di/a/e = su* activities1 negativism t[>d social projects1 & p]sonal ob/9acy & recalcitrance1 p]haps accompani$ by bitt]ness4 #c4 ,! advantages ( e>ly recognition1 appreciation &1 if possible1 measurem5t are app>5t 9 ! /udy ( ?is small gr\p ( exceptionally intellig5t *ildr54 ,al?\gh all 7 id5tifi$ fairly e>ly 9 _! lives1 !re are v diff]5t degrees ( adaptation to s*ool & society1 rang+ f opposition & truancy1 ?r\gh indiff]5ce1 to rapt & en?usia/ic preoccupation4 ,to a consid]able ext5t ^! v>iations appe> to h dep5d$ on ! e>l9ess ( id5tification ( ! *ild's intellectual quality4 ,! valuable s]vices ( surveys1 guidance cl9ics1 & s*ool psy*ologi/s are cle>ly manife/$ 9 ?is gr\p ( cases4 #d4 ,! cases t h a*iev$ mo/ cont5t$ & socially useful adaptation are ^? 9 :i* p>5ts1 tea*]s1 & pr9cipals h made prompt use ( special gift id5tification1 h s\ght educational guidance1 h p]sonally fo/]$ & sup]vis$ ! *ild's developm5t & ! solution ( 8 adju/m5t problems1 or h tak5 advantage ( su* exp]im5tal classes = exceptional *ildr5 z ! s*ools h (f]$ at ! "t4 #e4 ,among ! cases h]e9 report$ ! cle>e/ ones ( easy & useful adju/m5t occurr$ :5 ! exceptional *ild became a memb] ( an exp]im5tal gr\p compris$ ( o!rs ( 8 approximate k9d4 ,9 ! doz5 cases cit$1 f\r diff]5t projects ( ?is k9d 9 ! ,new ,york ,city s*ools h be5 ref]r$ to4 ,,creative ,,"w ,is x true t *ildr5 su* z ^? h]e9 describ$ diff] f ^? ( less intellig5ce m]ely 9 hav+ a readi] & m t5aci\s memory8 ,are _! di/9ctive a*ievem5ts only ! ph5om5al reproduction ( ?+s !y h le>n$--! recitation ( answ]s !y h be5 taught8 ,or d !y also exhibit signs ( orig9ality & creativ5ess8 ,( _! sup]ior capacity = le>n+ !re is ( c\rse ample evid5ce4 ,is x ?is feature ( _! end[m5t t acc\nts = _! high scores 9 conv5tionally /&>diz$ measures su* z te/s & exam9ations8 ,ord9>y records & hi/ories are p]haps n well suit$ to disclose orig9ality 9 *ildhood unless x is obtrusive4 ,! *ild :o devises a new way ( ty+ 8 %oes1 ( arrang+ 8 books1 ( manag+ 8 pets1 ( %>p5+ 8 skates1 may v easily get no cl9ical cr$it = ^! inv5tions4 ,no "o1 inde$1 except ! *ild himself may ev] "k ( !m1 & x may nev] occur to him t !y are creative4 ,a boy :o writes a poem1 draws a /eamboat1 or devises a new game ( *eck]s may imm$iately get cr$it = orig9ality1 :ile "o :o inv5ts a te*nique ( 8 own = %av+ ! back ( 8 own neck may rema9 unh]ald$ z a creator4 ,our concept ( creativ5ess has become /&>diz$ s z to sugge/ *iefly contributions to ! conv5tional arts4 ,x may nev]!less be in/ructive to review ^! case hi/ories1 look+ 9 ea* = signs ( activity t might 9 "o way or ano!r be con/ru$ z creative4 ,*ild ,a4 ,at #ab mon?s he 0 classify+ 8 blocks accord+ to lett] %apes4 ,be=e #af mon?s ( age ,a tir$ ( say+ ! lett]s ( ! alphabet =w>d & guess$ he w\ld say !m backw>d4 ,he made rhymes ( 8 own by ! ?ird ye>4 ,he develop$ ari?metical pr9ciples unsuspect$ by ei!r p>5ts or tea*]s4 ,he _h an elaborate imag9>y l&4 ,he did n play well ) o!r *ildr5 because he always want$ to introduce new me?ods ( play+ ! games4 ,he devis$ elaborate s*emes ( 8 own = classify+ ev5ts & objects4 ,!re is v little ( ! conv5tional int]e/ 9 draw+1 pa9t+1 poetry1 me*anics1 or music 9 ?is acc\nt1 b x is cle> en\gh t 9 8 own way ,a _h orig9ality4 ,*ild ,b4 ,?is *ild's e>ly acquisition ( ! art ( read+ appe>s to h be5 untutor$1 & h] passion = organiz+ clubs %[$ at lea/ a c]ta9 type ( initiative4 ,b ! record gives little evid5ce ( o!r creative activity4 ,h] *ief di/9ction s f> z not$ 0 9 ! fields ( excell5t s*oolwork & social adaptability4 ,*ild ,c4 ,?is boy's e>lie/ recognition 0 on ! basis ( :at ! tea*]s call$ 8 ph5om5al memory4 ,b f e>ly ye>s 8 *ief passion 0 = sci5ce1 & 8 ma9 int]e/ !re9 0 ! possibility ( discov]+ new ?+s4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 little evid5ce ( +5uity 9 ! record1 & ,c 0 *iefly di/+ui%$ by ! mass & facility ( 8 k1 le>n$ *iefly f o!rs4 ,*ild ,d4 ,! v curiosity ( ?is boy might be said to h a creative or orig9al "*4 ,he 0 always ask+ unexpect$ que/ions4 ,8 playgr\nd newspap] 0 an orig9al project 9 spite ( its conv5tional "*4 ,s also 0 8 passion = tabulation & calculation4 ,8 imag9>y l& 0 a complicat$ creation1 z 0 ! elaborate diction>y ( its unique language4 ,musical composition 0 "o ( 8 pa/imes1 & he _h active native tal5t = draw+ & design4 ,! inv5tion ( new words & new games 0 creative1 & he _h orig9al classifications = _m v>ieties ( natural objects4 ,8 int]e/ 9 sci5ce1 :i* became upp]mo/1 l$ to orig9al exp]im5ts su* z ^? on ! pa? ( a tack4 ,8 f9al adoption ( sci5tific "w z a c>e] is 9 keep+ ) ?is1 & ! position held at ! end ( 8 brief life 0 "o conc]n$ ) *emical rese>* 9 a relatively new indu/ry4 ,9 a v real s5se ?is boy's creative int]e/s are fundam5tal 9 ! picture ( 8 developm5t4 ,*ild ,e4 ,orig9ality appe>s among ,e's *>act]i/ics ev5 9 8 def9itions ( words 9 ! vocabul>y te/s4 ,8 life 01 h[ev]1 s h>ness$ to ! organiz$ pursuit ( degrees t conv5tional fields ( le>n+ came to preoccupy him & !re 0 little orig9ality 9 8 *oice ( an occupation1 to :i* he appe>s to h be5 guid$ by solicit\s eld]s4 ,su* orig9ality z he has _h appe>$ ab/ractly & v]bally4 ,?us 8 con/ructive ability 0 good b 8 manual dext]ity poor4 ,he _h an imag9>y c\ntry4 ,aft] 8 escape f ! hi]>*y ( organiz$ education he became an active & productive s*ol> 9 8 field1 al?\gh x may be t !ology is n a field 9 :i* creativ5ess is enc\rag$4 ,*ild ,f4 ,!re is little evid5ce 9 ! c>e] ( ,f ( any?+ t c\ld be call$ creative4 ,he 0 9 _m ways +5i\s1 & he 0 socially noncon=m+4 ,he 0 a /oreh\se ( in=mation b n sagaci\s 9 ! use ( 8 k4 ,8 +5uity 0 n along orig9al l9es b 9 su* conv5tionaliz$ fields z *ess1 bridge1 & dialectic4 ,8 capacity = intellectual "w 0 ph5om5al1 b = ! mo/ "p su* activities 7 9 prescrib$ fields1 & a tempor>y int]e/ 9 sci5ce 0 deflect$ to law--l !ology1 a field 9 :i* creativ5ess is n always an asset4 ,*ild ,g4 ,?is boy's education 0 s scrupul\sly sup]vis$ & s s$ul\sly record$ t he _h little "t = orig9al projects4 ,8 que/ions & rem>ks ev9ce a lively curiosity1 & 8 abid+ int]e/s 9 *emi/ry & ma!matics1 ) a rese>* turn1 p]haps po9t to creative tr5ds t are poorly reflect$ 9 m elem5t>y ye>s4 ,!re is little evid5ce ( unusual pr(ici5cy 9 any ( ! creative arts4 ,*ild ,h4 ,! *ief int]e/s ( ,h z a *ild 7 9 draw+1 pa9t+1 & mosaic blocks4 ,%e develop$ imag9>y companions4 ,%e %[$ at an e>ly age pron\nc$ int]e/s & aptitudes 9 /ories & 9 v]sification4 ,%e 0 a compos] ( cr$itable *ildhood songs1 poetry1 & plays4 ,%e 0 foll[$ only to h] elev5? ye> & up to ?is po9t seems to h %[n def9ite signs ( con/ructive imag9ation4 ,*ild ,i4 ,?is girl 0 v]satile 9 _m creative ways4 ,%e develop$ imag9>y companions1 wrote music & songs1 produc$ dramatizations1 wrote effective v]ses & long] poems4 ,s f> z ! brief record %[s1 h] creative int]e/s rema9$ close to ! conv5tionaliz$ arts1 except = ! native curiosity *>act]i/ic ( mo/ v bright *ildr54 ,*ild ,j4 ,! data on ,j are s scant t little assurance z to h] orig9ality c be felt4 ,at #g %e 0 9 _m ways an indep5d5t ?9k]4 ,%e compos$ j+les at ! same "t t %e 0 read+ ,%akespe>ean plays1 & ! exam9] comm5t$ on h] con/ructive imag]y4 ,%e wrote acceptable poems be=e h] t5? bir?day4 ,b = ! mo/ "p %e _h be5 s occupi$ by rapid educational promotion t ?is is ! mo/ conspicu\s feature 9 h] description4 ,*ild ,k4 ,?is boy has )\t d\bt an en?usiasm = s*ol>ly inquiry4 ,he made no spontane\s collections1 _h no pets1 no imag9>y companions or l&s4 ,9 a s5se ^! traits :i* are lack+ 9 ,k's p]sonality are usually c\nt$ z orig9alities 9 *ildr5 ( su* high intellig5ce4 ,b data are n at h& to enable a judgm5t to be made ( ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( creativ5ess 9 ?is *ild4 ,*ild ,l4 ,?is is ! case ( a boy :o %[$ su* indep5d5t zeal = acquir+ in=mation t ?is curiosity _h itself a creative tone4 ,he is inv5tive & con/ructive ev5 9 me*anical ways--an exception 9 ?is p>ticul> gr\p ( cases4 ,8 tea*]s f9d him possess$ ( k 9 ma!matics :i* he mu/ h d]iv$ f 8 own reflection4 ,he also has m>k$ initiative 9 us+ 8 k1 is full ( con/ructive sugge/ions1 makes _m sci5tific exp]im5ts ( 8 own1 has _m hobbies1 & wants to d ?+s to advance sci5tific k4 ,al?\gh he %[s "k unusual pr(ici5cy 9 ! conv5tional arts1 !re c be no d\bt t 9 affairs intellectual & sci5tific 8 m9d is n only creative b also f]tile4 ,,g5]al ,,/atem5t ,if a g5]al /atem5t be attempt$ on ! basis ( su* data z ! descriptions & ^! summ>ies af=d1 x might be to ! effect t "o ?ird ( ^! highly intellig5t *ildr5 7,a1 ,d1 ,h1 ,l7 %[ notable signs ( creativ5ess4 ,ano!r ?ird 7,c1 ,e1 ,i1 ,j7 %[ su* indications to a mod]ate degree4 ,9 ! rema9+ ?ird 7,b1 ,f1 ,g1 ,k7 !re is at lea/ no indication ( m>k$ con/ructive orig9ality provid$ by ^! descriptions4 ,c]ta9ly ^! creative dispositions are m conspicu\s 9 ^! cases ?an 9 ! g5]al population ( *ildr54 ,h[ ^! v r>e intellig5ces comp>e 9 ?is respect ) ^? rang+ f1 say1 #acj to #age ,,iq we _c "k4 ,creativ5ess ev5 at be/ is infrequ5t en\gh4 ,9 exp]i5ces ( daily life ( c\rse su* creativ5ess might be m (t5 f\nd 9 *ildr5 9 ! middle range ( high intellig5ces because !re are s _m m ( ^! 9 ! population4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may be t creativ5ess 9 m>k$ degree appe>s 9 ^! high] ranges only4 ,"u any circum/ances x is n an all-or-none ph5om5on1 & ! problem ( ! correlation ( orig9ality ) intellig5ce scores p]haps des]ves m c>eful /udy ?an x has receiv$4 ,x seems sugge/$ at lea/ by ^! few cases t v high intellig5ce may 9 "s in/ances become direct$ along :olly conv5tional *annels1 %[+ itself 9 ! am\nt ( "w or ! rate ( progress1 ) little or no manife/ation ( creative orig9ality4 ,if ?is is ! case1 x %\ld be important to discov] :at ext5t ?is is a reflection ( ! regim5tation ( ! occupation ( su* *ildr5 by organiz$ educational projects & close p>5tal sup]vision1 & to :at ext5t x is a *>act]i/ic t is native 9 ! individual4 ,if x %\ld be true t creativ5ess is closely dep5d5t on su* a high range ( intellig5ce z t %[n by ?is gr\p ( twelve *ildr51 a social ord] t e/eems creativ5ess %\ld give s]i\s ?\ght to ! conditions ( its cultivation & its developm5t4 ,9 ?is connection x is ( "s significance t s f> z ^! cases are conc]n$1 ! be/ adju/m5ts appe> to h be5 made 9 educational arrangem5ts t requir$ ! devotion ( only "o "p ( ! *ild's "t to e/abli%$ curricula1 ?us leav+ "t & provid+ enc\ragem5t = individual initiative & enri*m5t4 #a ,?is *apt] 0 writt5 by ,h4 ,l4 ,h4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples ,,& ,,implications ,,*apt] ,,eighte5 ,,adult ,,/atus ,,& ,,p]sonality ,,rat+s ,obs]vation ( su* cases z ^? describ$ 9 ! =ego+ *apt]s sugge/s t *ildr5 ( exceptionally high intellig5ce d n regress t[>d m$iocrity z !y mature b ma9ta9 _! initial di/+ui%$ /atus4 ,/udies by o!r work]s 7,kuhlmann1 ,baldw9 & ,/e*n]1 ,t]man7 confirm su* a conclusion4 ,a fur!r /udy ( ?is po9t 0 report$ by ,holl+wor? & ,lorge 9 #aicf1 9 :i* ! foll[+ que/ions 7 inve/igat$3 #a4 ,to :at ext5t is /atus 9 ,,i] ,intellig5ce ,scale ,,cavd at maturity pr$ictable f *ildhood scores 9 ,/an=d-,b9et8 #b4 ,h[ d ^? :o te/$ above #ahj ,,iq 9 *ildhood diff] at maturity f ^? at l[] levels 9 measures ( g5]al culture & ( sci5tific in=mation8 #c4 ,is !re disc]nable any consi/5t specialization 9 m5tal abilities f *ildhood to maturity8 #d4 ,at :at degree ( intellig5ce 9 t]ms ( ,,iq 7,/an=d-,b9et7 is ! ^w g5ius ju/ifiable1 if at all8 #e4 ,at :at po9t on ! scale ( ,,iq 7,/an=d-,b9et7 obta9$ 9 *ildhood w individuals lat] prove unmeasurable by available te/s ( adult intellig5ce8 ,9 #aicd-aice a gr\p ( eighte5 p]sons ^: high ,,iq's _h be5 measur$ tweleve or ?irte5 ye>s e>li] 7at ages #g to #i ye>s7 7 measur$ 9 ^! respects & to ^! 7 add$ ?ree o!rs ^: *ildhood ,,iq's 7 kn[n to h be5 ov] #agj4 ,! te/s us$1 to be report$ "h1 73 ,,cavd ,intellig5ce ,scale1 ,levels ,n-,q2 ! ,cop]ative ,g5]al ,culture ,te/ 7,=m #aicc or #aicd72 & ! ,cop]ative ,g5]al ,sci5ce ,te/ 7,=m #aicc74 ,!re 7 also available data on mo/ ( ! individuals f ,army ,alpha te/s tak5 at ages #af to #ai4 ,( ! #ba cases ?us /udi$1 n9e _h a *ildhood ,,iq ov] #agj2 eight ov] #aej to #agj2 ! rema9+ f\r rang$ d[n to #acc4 ,,adult ,,/atus ,,( ,,highly ,,intellig5t ,,*ildr5 #a ,! detail$ data h be5 report$ else:]e & only ! g5]al results ne$ to be recit$ "h4 ,= ^! gift$ individuals 7albeit !re are s few /udi$7 sup]ior /atus on ! ,/an=d-,b9et at or ne> ages #g to #i ye>s ( age is highly pr$ictive ( /atus on ,army ,alpha at or ne> #af to #ai ye>s ( age1 & ( /atus on ,,cavd at or ne> maturity4 4 4 4 ,x is cle> t ,,cavd is m closely associat$ ) ,g5]al ,culture ?an ) ,g5]al ,sci5ce4 4 4 4 ,!re obvi\sly is a specificity ( success = ,sci5ce z comp>$ ) g5]al ,culture4 4 4 4 ,! results = ! ,,cavd z int]pret$ ?r\gh norms obta9$ on select$ populations %[ t highly intellig5t *ildr5 7( ,,iq #adj or above7 fall )9 ! upp] qu>tile ( ! college graduate population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :5 !y are at or ne> maturity4 ,su* results are confirm$ also by a /udy report$ two ye>s e>li]1 9 :i* ov] #ajj *ildr5 _h be5 re-measur$ ) ,army ,alpha #aj to #ab ye>s aft] _! initial ,/an=d-,b9et measurem5ts at ages #g to #i ye>s4 #b ,all ^! *ildr5 _h ,,iq's ov] #acj1 & half ( !m 7 ov] #aej1 rang+ up to #aij4 ,f ?is /udy ! foll[+ conclusions _h be5 drawn3 ,( #aaf *ildr5 te/+ 9 ! top c5tile ( ! di/ribution ( s*ool *ildr5 by ,/an=d-,b9et1 #hb p] c5t 7 f\nd :5 ne> maturity1 t5 ye>s lat]1 to rate 9 ! top c5tile ( ! milit>y draft by ,army ,alpha4 ,! rema9d] rat$ 9 high c5tiles4 ,no individual ( ei!r sex regress$ to or ne>ly to ! av]age4 4 4 4 ,girls regress$ f ! top c5tile some:at m frequ5tly ?an boys1 ?is regression be+ 9 "p b n fully acc\nt$ = by ! kn[n sex diff]5ce betwe5 m$ians on ,army ,alpha4 ,?is result af=ds a validation1 by means ( elaps$ "t1 ( ! pr$ictive p[] ( available m5tal te/s on ! "o h&2 & on ! o!r1 a pro( ( ! con/ancy ( ! intellectual developm5t ( gift$ *ildr5 9 t]ms ( c5tile /atus4 ,,critique ,,( ,,! ,,concept ,,( ,,g5ius ,,z ,,appli$ ,,9 ,,t]ms ,,( ,,iq ,! t]m g5ius has be5 us$ by ,t]man--& foll[+ him by _m o!rs--to d5ote *ildr5 te/+ at or above #adj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,9 ! light ( ! developm5tal data h]e9 pres5t$1 x w\ld appe> t ! t]m g5ius is ?us misappli$1 unless we wi% to def9e z g5iuses p]sons :o repres5t approximately ! be/ f\r? ( all /ud5ts be+ graduat$ f ,am]ican colleges4 ,( individuals "h foll[$ to e>ly maturity1 ^? :o te/ at ab\t #adj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 are f\nd to def9e approximately ! #ge? p]c5tile ( college graduates1 tak+ ! c\ntry ov]4 ,!y are f> f g5ius1 if by t t]m is to be meant ! degree ( m5tal ability t is capable ( out/&+ orig9al intellectual a*ievem5t4 ,x is only :5 we h an ,,iq 7,s-,b7 ( at lea/ #afj 9 a *ild1 t we may beg9 to expect mildly notewor?y accompli%m5ts1 su* z w9n+ honors 9 a fir/-class college4 ,v r>ely are honors won 9 fir/-class colleges by ^? :o te/ bel[ ?is /atus 9 *ildhood4 ,! small sample ( college graduates "h pres5t$ is truly repres5tative ( ! mu* l>g] sample 9 our files 7n te/$ by our end te/s7 9 ?is respect4 ,( prim>y int]e/ to ! pres5t inve/igators is ! subsequ5t hi/ory ( ^? :o 9 *ildhood h a*iev$ ! extremely infrequ5t rat+ ( #ahj ,,iq or high]4 ,at maturity w ^! p]sons /ill /& out f _! contempor>ies 9 m5tal te/s & 9 a*ievem5t8 ,?is "q is answ]$ affirmatively by our data4 ,! five *ildr5 "h includ$1 #c :o a*iev$ ,,iq's 7,s-,b7 on fir/ te/ 9 *ildhood ( m ?an #ahj1 are !y :o f9d ! tops on ,,cavd at maturity4 ,e "o ( ^! top-rank p]sons is notewor?y among contempor>ies4 ,be=e ! age ( #bb 9 all cases1 "o _h prosecut$ rese>* 9 hi/ory1 "o 9 ma!matics1 "o 9 *ess1 & two _h become e/abli%$ 9 le>n$ pr(essions4 ,"o /ood high 9 ! national rank+ = *ess4 ,a long li/ ( m$als & prizes _h be5 won by !m4 ,all b "o ( ^? graduat$ f college _h be5 elect$ to ,phi ,beta ,kappa4 ,^! unusual a*ievem5ts %[ h[ *ildr5 te/+ above #ahj ,,iq rise above ! g5]ality ( ! college populations 9 adolesc5ce & 9 e>ly maturity4 ,none ( ^? :o te/$ 9 *ildhood ar\nd #adj1 #aej1 or #afj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 approa*es ^! o!rs at maturity 9 honors & prizes won1 or 9 te/ scores4 ,?is is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ significant fact to be d]iv$ f our data3 t ! *ildr5 :o te/ at & above #ahj ,,iq con/itute ! top among college graduates4 ,!y are ! /ud5ts ( :om "o may confid5tly pr$ict t !y w w9 honors & prizes = intellectual "w4 ,fur!rmore1 x is %[n t at approximately #aij ,,iq 7,s-,b7 individuals g ?r\gh ! ceil+ ( available te/s = adult intellig5ce by ! "t !y are #ba ye>s old4 ,we _c at pres5t di/ribute ^! p]sons at maturity4 ,p]haps ?is is ! po9t at :i* ! t]m g5ius beg9s to apply--i4e41 at or ne> ,,iq #ahj 7,s-,b7--if we adh]e to ! diction>y def9ition ( ! ^w1 ,exalt$ intellectual p[]1 m>k$ by an extraord9>y faculty = orig9al creation1 expression1 or a*ievem5t :i* is beyond ! rea* ( available modes ( measurem5t 9 its maturity4 ,,application ,,( ,,b]nreut] ,,inv5tory ,,( ,,p]sonality ,,to ,,highly ,,intellig5t ,,adolesc5ts #d ,! data ( ! pres5t /udy 7 obta9$ e>ly 9 #aicc1 ! subjects be+ #cf boys & #ai girls1 ( ! av]age age ( #ah ye>s #f mon?s4 ,! ,,iq's 7,s-,b7 ( all _h be5 tak5 9 e>ly *ildhood4 ,! gr\p rang$ f #ace-aij ,,iq 7,s-,b7 ) a m$ian at ab\t #aec ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,all b f\r ( ^! "y p]sons 7 ,jewi%1 a factor :i* mu/ be consid]$ z ( possible consequ5ce1 b :i* _c be evaluat$ prop]ly f any data at pres5t 9 sci5tific lit]ature4 ,! inv5tories 7 tak5 & scor$ by ! inve/igators 9 p]son4 ,all subjects _h be5 p]sonally kn[n s9ce *ildhood to ! s5ior inve/igator4 ,! me?od ( scor+ foll[s ,b]nreut]1 ?ree categories only be+ f\nd ( suffici5t indep5d5ce to w>rant record+4 ,,%[s ,,gr\p ,,results ,,= ,,highly ,,intellig5t ,,boys ,,& ,,girls1 ,,giv+ ,,evid5ce ,,t ,,su* ,,gr\ps ,,are ,,mu* ,,less ,,neurotic1 ,,mu* ,,m ,,self-,,suffici5t1 ,,& ,,mu* ,,less ,,submissive ,,9 ,,attitude ,,?an ,,college ,,/ud5ts ,,or ,,adults ,,9 ,,g5]al ,,are1 ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,categories ,,& ,,norms ,,set ,,up ,,by ,,b]nreut] ,b#a-,n ,,neurotic ,,t5d5cy ,b#a-,s ,,self-,,suffici5cy ,b#a-;,d ,,dom9ance-,,submission ,/ati/ical ,highly ,college ,adult ,highly ,college ,adult ,highly ,college ,adult categories intellig5t norm norm intellig5t norm norm intellig5t norm norm boys gr\p gr\p boys gr\p gr\p boys gr\p gr\p ,numb] #cf #dbg #hf #cf #dbg #ii #cf #dbg #ajj ,mean -#ajd4i -#eb4i -#fi4c #ed4e #bd4i #ch4h #hg4d #df4c #eb4g #ef4g #he4b #gf4c #db4c #ed4j #eb4d #dd4f #fg4d #fa4h ,mean #i4d #d4a #h4b #g4j #b4f #e4c #g4d #c4c #f4b #f4g #b4i #e4h #e4j #a4h #c4g #e4b #b4c #d4d diff4 ms4 #aj4b #ab4e #g4e #h4h #h4a #i4f ,d ------ diff4 #e4a #b4h #c4i #b4a #e4a #c4f ,m$ian -#aab4j -#gj4j -#ge4j #ed4e #be4j #ce4j #ih4a #de4j #ee4j ,girls ,girls ,girls ,numb] #ai #cag #abc #ai #cag #abf #ai #cag #acj ,mean -#de4j -#ci4f -#cd4b #eb4j #f4i #af4h #df4e #cc4a #ai4b #fe4g #gh4i #hj4f #ea4g #ee4g #ee4f #ee4e #fc4e #fe4e ,mean #ae4a #d4d #g4c #aa4i #c4a #e4j #ab4g #c4f #e4g #aj4g #c4a #e4a #h4d #b4b #c4e #i4j #b4e #d4a diff4 ms4 #ae4g #af4h #ab4c #ab4i #ac4b #ac4i ,d ------ diff4 4#jd 4#fd #c4g #b4g #a4j #a4if ,m$ian -#db4f -#dj4j -#cj4j #eb4j #e4j #j4j #dj4g #cc4j #ae4j ,! summ>y ( results %[s t ! highly intellig5t are less neurotic1 m self-suffici5t1 & less submissive1 z a gr\p1 ?an are ! populations ) :i* !y are comp>able4 ,?is div]g5ce f ! norms is f\nd bo? = boys & = girls ( ! highly intellig5t gr\p1 b x is mu* m pron\nc$ = boys4 ,to "o :o has be5 famili> ) ! *>act]i/ics & ! c>e]s ( ^! p]sons = fifte5 ye>s1 ! correspond5ce betwe5 :at is f\nd on ! inv5tory & :at is f\nd 9 ! actual lives is int]e/+ly close4 ,boy #ac1 = in/ance 7extremely high score = self-suffici5cy & dom9ance71 took %ip on 8 own initiative z soon z he 0 tw5ty-"o ye>s old & sail$ ar\nd ! _w z an ord9>y seaman1 return+ to 8 po/ 9 ! f9ancial di/rict ( ,new ,york ,city :5 ! j\rney 0 complet$4 ,boy #ce is a well-kn[n play] 9 metropolitan & sectional *ess t\rnam5ts1 & 0 able to meet season$ play]s :5 he 0 fifte5 to sev5te5 ye>s old 7high scores = self-suffici5cy & dom9ance74 ,boy #bi ent]$ college at #ad ye>s ( age1 held 8 own ) ! old] /ud5ts1 e>n$ money ?r\gh\t 8 c\rse1 graduat$ at eighte5 ye>s ( age ) ,phi ,beta ,kappa1 & won a prize = rese>*1 9 competition1 9 8 junior ye> at m$ical s*ool4 ,girl ,h won & held an appo9tm5t 9 public s]vice1 aga9/ heavy odds ( sex1 age1 & g5]al economic depression4 ,! indication f ^! data is t adolesc5ts :o z *ildr5 te/$ f #ace-aij ,,iq 7,s-,b7 are mu* less neurotic1 mu* m self-suffici5t & mu* less submissive ?an college /ud5ts 9 g5]al1 or ?an adults ( ! m5tal calib] repres5t$ 9 ! ,b]nreut] norms4 ,x is to be not$ 9 ?is comp>ison ) ! g5]ality ( college /ud5ts t f data s f> collect$1 ! m$ian intellig5ce ( ! gr\p "h pres5t$ rea*es ab\t ,q#c = college /ud5ts1 tak+ !m ! c\ntry ov]4 #a ,= a m detail$ acc\nt see ,lorge & ,holl+wor?'s ,! ,adult ,/atus ( ,highly ,intellig5t ,*ildr51 9 ,j\rnal ( ,g5etic ,psy*ology 7#aicf71 ,vol4 #di1 pages #bae-bbf4 #b ,holl+wor? & ,kaunitz4 ,! ,c5tile ,/atus ( ,gift$ ,*ildr5 at ,maturity4 ,j\rnal ( ,g5etic ,psy*ology 7,septemb]1 #aicd71 pages #ajf-abj4 #c ,/udy made by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? 9 previ\s ye>s4 #d ,= detail$ results see ! pap] by ?is title1 by ,holl+wor? & ,ru/1 ,j\rnal ( ,psy*ology 7#aicg71 ,vol4 #d1 pages #bhg-bic4 ,,*apt] ,,n9ete5 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,p]sonality ,,9 ,,highly ,,intellig5t ,,*ildr5 #a ,! *ildr5 includ$ 9 ! t]m highly intellig5t *ildr5 cov] a v wide range 9 intellectual v>iation--f an ,,iq ( #acj 7,s-,b7 to ! topmo/ limit ( human div]sity4 ,?is topmo/ limit seems to def9e itself at approximately #bjj ,,iq4 ,! mo/ extreme deviates report$ 9 ! lit]ature z fully measur$ fall at or ne> ?is po9t4 ,a consid]able numb] fall+ above #ahj ,,iq h be5 report$1 _m ( !m n fully measur$ by ,/an=d-,b9et because ( ! limitations ( ! te/4 ,x is !re=e cle> t *ildr5 9 ! upp] #a p] c5t are n all alike4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! *ild at ! top ( ?is gr\p exce$s ! *ild :o b>ely rea*es ! gr\p by mu* m ?an ! latt] exce$s ! av]age *ild4 ,! mo/ able *ild 9 ! upp] #a p] c5t surpasses ! lea/ able 9 ?is gr\p by z mu* z ! av]age *ild surpasses a moron 79 t]ms ( ,,iq74 ,! really difficult problems ( adju/m5t to life & to p come to ^? :o te/ above #agj ,,iq4 ,z !re are s v few ( ^! *ildr51 p>5ts & tea*]s are seldom call$ ^u to consid] _! ne$s4 ,?us :5 "o does appe>1 he or %e is ! m likely to be misund]/ood4 ,,g5]al ,,consid]ations ,obvi\sly1 x is n possible to discuss e aspect ( p]sonality 9 ! limit$ numb] ( pages ( ?is book4 ,we %all conf9e ourselves1 !re=e1 to a few ( ! m important phases ( developm5t :i* are unique 9 ! case ( gift$ *ildr52 p>ticul>ly to su* complexities z arise f ! comb9ation ( immaturity & deviation1 ^! cont9u+ = approximately tw5ty-"o ye>s4 ,?is is ! p]iod :5 developm5t is tak+ place z di/+ui%$ f ! p]iod ( maturity4 ,x %\ld be /at$ emphatically at ! outset t *ildr5 ( v sup]ior intellig5ce are n1 z a gr\p1 socially annoy+4 ,! problems ( p]sonality adju/m5t are ^? ( ! *ild1 n ^? ( society z ord9>ily und]/ood4 ,if ! gift$ *ild %\ld annoy society1 society w\ld pay m att5tion to him4 ,society builds spl5did in/itutions & provides exp]t c>e & guidance = vici\s & feeble-m9d$ *ildr54 ,t society does n pay su* att5tion to ! gift$ is 9 itself evid5ce ( social acceptability4 ,! rese>*es ( ,t]man1 #b ( ,h>t%orne & ,may1 #c & ( ,hagg]ty1 #d among o!rs1 h %[n t highly intellig5t *ildr5 are m /able emotionally ?an are *ildr5 9 g5]al1 are mu* m resi/ant to *ildi% temptations1 & exhibit f> less ( undesirable behavior ?an is exhibit$ by ! dull4 ,tea*]s d1 h[ev]1 report !m = re/lessness & lack ( int]e/ some:at m (t5 ?an !y report *ildr5 ( #ajj ,,iq = ^! behaviorisms4 ,! rese>*es ( ,burt #e & ( ,healy & ,bronn] #f %[ few *ildr5 te/+ above #acj ,,iq among del9qu5ts1 9 proportion to _! frequ5cy 9 ! population z a :ole4 ,) ^! facts z to g5]ally sup]ior adju/m5t be=e u1 let u inquire :e!r !re are1 nev]!less1 special p]plexities 9 ! life ( a gift$ *ild1 & at :at po9t 9 ! range ( intellect ^! p]plexities beg94 ,is x possible t a *ild :o v>ies z f> above 8 contempor>ies z an imbecile or an idiot v>ies bel[ !m1 w f9d only advantages & no special difficulties ( developm5t creat$ = him by ! fact ( 8 wide deviation f ! norm8 ,obs]vation & measurem5t ( gift$ *ildr5 z !y h gr[n f e>ly *ildhood to maturity h made x possible to =mulate def9itely "s ( ! special problems ( developm5t :i* arise f be+ an extreme & infrequ5tly occurr+ deviate4 ,! m intellig5t ! *ild1 ! m likely he or %e is to become involv$ 9 ^! puzzl+ difficulties4 ,let u consid] "s ( ^! problems4 ,,! ,,"p ,,play$ ,,by ,,physique ,! looks ( a p]son has mu* to d ) 8 social adju/m5t4 ,if highly intellig5t *ildr5 really resembl$ ! c>tooni/'s idea ( !m1 !re w\ld be little *ance ( excell5t developm5t4 ,=tunately1 ! rese>*es ( ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s h prov$ t ! popul> notions ab\t ! poor physiques ( ! gift$ & ! weird ugl9ess ( _! physiognomies are n only errone\s b ! exact opposite ( ! tru?4 ,^! are sup]/itions1 f\nd$ p]haps on ! unconsci\s long+ = a j nature :i* w di/ribute gifts some:at equally in/ead ( be/[+ ev]y?+ ^u a few p]sons4 ,x has be5 amply prov$1 by measurem5ts1 t highly intellig5t *ildr5 are tall1 heavy1 /rong1 heal?y1 & f9e look+ z a gr\p1 exce$+ ! g5]ality ( *ildr5 9 all ^! respects4 ,?is does n mean t e individual among ! gift$ is physically sup]ior1 b x does mean t a gift$ *ild is m likely to h a f9e body ?an is a *ild tak5 f ! g5]al population4 ,z = beauty ( face1 9 two sep>ate s]ies ( photographs 9 :i* ! faces ( highly intellig5t adolesc5ts 7 comp>$ ) ! faces ( adolesc5ts ( ord9>y m5tality1 ! faces ( ! =m] 7 f\nd to be m beautiful4 ,?is 0 ! impression made ^u nave judges :o knew no?+ conc]n+ ! comp>ative intellig5ce ( ^? judg$4 ,x may be t "o reason :y tea*]s (t5 d n id5tify gift$ *ildr5 accurately1 is t !y are look+ = pupils :o correspond to ! c>tooni/'s picture1 & ?us are l$ away f consid]ation ( ! beautiful & ! well gr[n6 ,z gift$ *ildr5 approa* & rea* maturity1 !y reap ! b5efits ( sup]ior vitality1 size1 & beauty4 ,h[ev]1 _m ( !m suff]1 :ile gr[+ up1 f feel+s ( inf]iority connect$ ) size & /r5g?1 = typically !y are some:at accel]at$ 9 s*ool /atus & !y naturally *oose *ildr5 old] ?an !mselves z *ums4 ,?us 9 physical competitions !y are at a disadvantage4 ,obs]vation %[s t !y t5d to develop s$5t>y =ms ( play1 or =ms ( physical enjoym5t t d n dep5d ^u be+ includ$ 9 a gr\p2 su* z swimm+1 skat+1 horseback rid+1 & walk+4 ,,problem ,,( ,,lead]%ip ,also1 9 all matt]s p]ta9+ to lead]%ip1 ! competition ) old] classmates & fri5ds ex]ts an influ5ce1 p>ticul>ly dur+ adolesc5ce4 ,! v "y boy 7or girl7 9 high s*ool is n s likely to be elect$ to a po/ ( lead]%ip because ( 8 comp>ative size1 8 voice1 & ! juv5ility ( 8 clo!s4 ,?us a feel+ may be eng5d]$ 9 him t he _c ga9 ! confid5ce ( contempor>ies2 & ?is1 9 turn1 may impair 8 self-confid5ce4 ,if long cont9u$1 ?is /ate ( affairs may lead to emotional /ra9+ aft] social recognition4 ,9 social ga!r+s1 size & physical maturity are important z absolute quantities & qualities1 & n 9 relation to age4 ,?us a *ild %\ld n be plac$ too f> out ( 8 age-gr\p4 ,a v gift$ boy1 rea*+ at tw5ty ye>s a /ature ( five feet n9e in*es1 rem>k$1 ,x is v odd to be z l>ge z ! p y're )6 ,be+ always ! smalle/ memb] ( a social gr\p may develop attitudes :i* are h>d to revise :5 ev5tually ! boy or girl a*ieves adult /ature & is z l>ge z ! p y're )4 ,?is difficulty 9 assum+ a normal place among m mature s*oolmates arises especially 9 adolesc5ce1 :5 association ) memb]s ( ! opposite sex makes its introduction4 ,be+ 9 high s*ool or 9 college ) mu* old] classmates1 ! boy ( ?irte5 to sixte5 f9ds himself at a disadvantage ) ! girls :om he meets4 ,! girls br\ght to p>ties by ! old] boys are too old = him1 & he feels unable to claim _! att5tion4 ,_m ( ^! "y boys %[ suffici5t insight & suffici5t managem5t ( _! disadvantage to take c>e ( x4 ,!y "k t ! tr\ble lies 9 be+ too "y1 & t lat] !y w a*ieve /&+ ) ! girls4 ,9 a few cases1 h[ev]1 ?is difficulty may lead to an un=tunate avoidance ( girls1 ev5 9 m mature ye>s4 ,9 ! case ( girls1 adju/m5t to ! society ( old] boys 9 high s*ool & college seems to pres5t no special difficulties1 s9ce girls develop e>li] ?an boys d1 & are tak5 s]i\sly by boys :o are old] ?an !mselves4 ,! inf]iority complexes ( gift$ p]sons h be5 little /udi$1 b x is c]ta9 t _m su* p]sons d feel socially inf]ior & %y4 ,"s ( ?is may be due to ! physical comp>isons j sugge/$1 aris+ f prolong$ association ) old] p]sons4 ,,problems ,,( ,,adju/m5t ,,to ,,occupation ,:]e ! gift$ *ild drifts 9 ! s*ool unrecogniz$1 work+ *ronically f> bel[ 8 capacity 7ev5 ?\gh "y = 8 grade71 he receives daily practice 9 habits ( idl5ess & daydream+4 ,8 abilities nev] receive ! /imulus ( g5u9e *all5ge1 & ! situation t5ds to =m 9 him ! expectation ( an ef=tless exi/5ce4 ,*ildr5 ) ,,iq's up to #aej get along 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( s*ool life q well1 a*iev+ excell5t m>ks )\t s]i\s ef=t4 ,b *ildr5 above ?is m5tal /atus become almo/ intol]ably bor$ ) s*ool "w if kept 9 lock/ep ) unselect$ pupils ( _! own age4 ,*ildr5 :o rise above #agj ,,iq are liable to reg>d s*ool ) indiff]5ce or ) positive dislike1 = !y f9d no?+ 9 ! "w to absorb _! int]e/4 ,?is condition ( affairs1 c\pl$ ) ! sup]vision ( unsee+ & unsympa!tic tea*]s1 has sometimes l$ ev5 to truancy on ! "p ( gift$ *ildr54 ,on ! o!r h&1 if a v gift$ *ild is plac$ 9 ! regul> grades z f> ahead ( 8 age z 8 le>n+ capacity w>rants1 ! evils ( social dislocation may result1 z previ\sly describ$4 ,exp]im5tal education is at pres5t try+ to solve ! problem ( h[ to secure "r habits ( "w = ! highly intellig5t *ild1 & "s progress has be5 made 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,ano!r problem ( developm5t ) ref]5ce to occupation gr[s out ( ! v]satility ( ^! *ildr54 ,s f> f be+ "o-sid$ 9 ability & int]e/1 !y are typically capable ( s _m diff]5t k9ds ( success t !y may h difficulty 9 conf9+ !mselves to a reasonable numb] ( ent]prises4 ,"s ( !m are lo/ to usefulness ?r\gh spread+ _! available "t & en]gy ov] su* a wide array ( projects t no?+ c be f9i%$ or done p]fectly4 ,aft] all1 "t & space are z limit$ = ! gift$ z = o!rs1 & ! life-span is probably n mu* long] = !m ?an = o!rs4 ,a *oice mu/ be made among ! num]\s possibilities1 s9ce mod]n life calls = specialization4 ,! dang]s 9 developm5t ) respect to "w habits are1 !re=e1 t ! *ild may n develop any habits ( su/a9$ ef=t1 & t he may fail ( success z a work] ?r\gh be+ int]e/$ 9 too _m ?+s ev] to accompli% v mu* at any "o ( !m4 ,8 problem z he goes into adolesc5ce is to make a def9ite *oice1 & to =m ! habit ( ef=t4 ,,le>n+ ,,to ,,suff] ,,fools ,,gladly ,a lesson :i* _m gift$ p]sons nev] le>n z long z !y live is t human be+s 9 g5]al are inh]5tly v diff]5t f !mselves 9 ?\ght1 9 action1 9 g5]al int5tion1 & 9 int]e/s4 ,_m a re=m] has di$ at ! h&s ( a mob :i* he 0 try+ to improve 9 ! belief t o!r human be+s c & %\ld enjoy :at he enjoys4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ pa9ful & difficult lessons t ea* gift$ *ild mu/ le>n1 if p]sonal developm5t is to proce$ successfully4 ,x is m necess>y t ?is be le>n$ ?an t any s*ool subject be ma/]$4 ,failure to le>n h[ to tol]ate 9 a reasonable fa%ion ! fooli%ness ( o!rs leads to bitt]ness1 disillusionm5t1 & misan?ropy4 ,?is po9t may be illu/rat$ by ! behavior ( a sev5-ye>-old boy ) an ,,iq ( #agh4 ,he 0 n s5t to s*ool until ! age ( sev5 because ( 8 advanc$ int]e/ 9 read+4 ,at sev51 h[ev]1 ! compulsory att5dance law took effect & ! *ild 0 plac$ 9 ! ?ird grade at s*ool4 ,aft] ab\t f\r weeks ( att5dance1 he came home f s*ool weep+ bitt]ly4 ,oh ,gr&mo!r1 ,gr&-"m1 he cri$1 !y don't "k :at's good6 ,!y j won't read6 ,! fact came to light t he _h tak5 book aft] book to s*ool--all 8 favorites f 8 gr&fa!r's libr>y--& _h tri$ to %[ ! o!r ?ird-grade pupils :at treasures ^! 71 b ! boys & girls only resi/$ 8 ef=ts1 made fun ( him1 ?rew ! treasures on ! floor1 & f9ally pull$ 8 hair4 ,su* /ruggles z ^!1 if !y cont9ue )\t direct+ ! *ild's insight1 may lead to complete ali5ation f 8 contempor>ies 9 *ildhood1 & to misan?ropy 9 adolesc5ce & adul?ood4 ,p>ticul>ly deplorable are ! /ruggles ( ^! *ildr5 aga9/ dull or o!rwise unwor?y adults 9 au?ority4 ,! v gift$ *ild or adolesc5t1 p]ceiv+ ! illogical conduct ( ^? 9 *>ge ( 8 affairs1 may turn rebelli\s aga9/ all au?ority & fall into a condition ( negative sugge/ibility--a mo/ un=tunate tr5d ( p]sonality1 s9ce ! p]son is !n unable to take a cop]ative attitude t[>d au?ority4 ,a p]son :o is highly sugge/ible 9 a negative direction is z mu* 9 bondage to o!rs ar\nd him z is ! p]son :o is positively sugge/ible4 ,! social value ( ! p]son is s]i\sly impair$ 9 ei!r case4 ,! gift$ are n likely to fall victims to positive sugge/ion b _m ( !m develop negativism to a conspicu\s degree4 ,! highly intellig5t *ild w be intellectually capable ( self-det]m9ation1 & 8 greate/ value to society c be realiz$ only if he is truly self-possess$ & deta*$ f ! influ5ces ( bo? positive & negative sugge/ion4 ,! m intellig5t ! *ild1 ! tru] ?is /atem5t is4 ,x is especially un=tunate1 !re=e1 t s _m gift$ *ildr5 h 9 au?ority ov] !m p]sons ( no special fitness = ! task1 :o _c ga9 or keep ! respect ( ^! good ?9k]s4 ,su* unwor?y gu>dians ar\se1 by ! process ( r$9tegration1 contempt = au?ority :]ev] x is f\nd1 & ! inability to yield gracefully to comm&4 ,?us "s gift$ p]sons1 mi%&l$ 9 y\?1 become cont5ti\s1 aggressive1 & /ubborn to an ext5t :i* r5d]s !m difficult & disagreeable 9 all human relation%ips involv+ subord9ation4 ,s9ce subord9ation mu/ prec$e po/s ( comm& 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( life1 ?is is an un=tunate tr5d ( p]sonality4 ,cynicism & negativism are likely to int]f]e s]i\sly ) a life c>e]4 ,happily1 gift$ *ildr5 are typically end[$ ) a ke5 s5se ( humor1 & are app>5tly able to mature beyond cynicism ev5tually 9 a majority ( cases4 ,,! ,,t5d5cy ,,to ,,become ,,isolat$ ,yod] #g notic$1 9 /udy+ ! boyhood ( great m51 t al?\gh play int]e/s 7 ke5 among !m1 ! play 0 (t5 ( a solit>y k9d4 ,! same is true ( *ildr5 :o te/ high4 ,! majority ( *ildr5 te/+ above #afj ,,iq play little ) o!r *ildr5 unless special conditions are provid$1 su* z ^? f\nd 9 a special class4 ,! difficulties are too great1 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts1 9 f9d+ playmates :o are appropriate 9 size & cong5ial 9 m5tality4 ,?is fact 0 not$ "s ye>s ago by ! pres5t writ]4 ,t]man #h 9 #aicj made a special /udy ( ! play ( ^? 9 8 gr\p ( *ildr5 :o te/$ above #agj ,,iq & f\nd !m g5]ally m solit>y 9 "w & play ?an *ildr5 clu/]+ ar\nd #adj ,,iq4 ,^! sup]ior *ildr5 are n unfri5dly or ungreg>i\s by nature4 ,typically !y /rive to play ) o!rs b _! ef=ts are defeat$ by ! difficulties ( ! case4 ,^! difficulties are illu/rat$ 9 ! ef=ts ( ! sev5-ye>-old boy already m5tion$4 ,o!r *ildr5 d n %>e _! int]e/s1 _! vocabul>y1 or _! desire to organize activities4 ,!y try to re=m _! contempor>ies b f9ally give up ! /ruggle & play alone1 s9ce old] *ildr5 reg>d !m z babies & adults seldom play dur+ ! h\rs :5 *ildr5 are awake4 ,z a result1 =ms ( solit>y play develop1 & ^!1 becom+ fix$ z habits1 may expla9 ! fact t _m highly intellectual adults are %y1 ungreg>i\s1 & unm9dful ( human relation%ips1 or are ev5 misan?ropic & uncom=table 9 ord9>y social int]c\rse4 ,?is difficulty ( ! gift$ *ild 9 =m+ fri5d%ips is l>gely a result ( ! infrequ5cy ( p]sons :o are l-m9d$4 ,! m intellig5t a p]son is1 reg>dless ( age1 ! less (t5 c he f9d a truly cong5ial companion4 ,! av]age *ild f9ds playmates 9 abundance :o c ?9k & act on a level cong5ial to him because !re are s _m av]age *ildr54 ,add+ to ! conditions :i* make = isolation is ! fact t gift$ *ildr5 are (t5 only *ildr51 or !y h bro!rs & si/]s :o diff] widely f !m 9 age4 ,?us playmates 9 ! home are less num]\s = !m ?an = *ildr5 g5]ally4 ,! imag9>y playmate z a solution ( ! problem ( lonel9ess is fairly frequ5t4 ,we "k b little at pres5t ( ! psy*ology ( ?is inv5tion ( ! unreal to fill real ne$s4 ,reason+ f ! g5]al pr9ciples ( m5tal hygi5e1 "o w\ld say t ! patt]n ( companion%ip repres5t$ 9 ! imag9>y playmate is less valuable = p]sonal developm5t ?an a patt]n f\nd$ on reality1 & t ef=t %\ld be made to fill ! real ne$ ) g5u9e p]sons1 if possible4 ,also1 ! deep int]e/ 9 read+ :i* typifies ! gift$ *ild may fur!r 8 isolation4 ,irw9 believes t read+ %\ld be def]r$ 9 ! education ( ! highly intellig5t4 ,i believe x is especially important t intellectual *ildr5 get a grasp on reality ?r\gh real exp]i5ces 9 mak+ & do+ ?+s be=e !y are ev] introduc$ to ! wond]s t lie )9 books4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ! developm5t ( ! physical1 social1 & emotional aspects ( p]sonality w\ld h fir/ att5tion 9 ! education ( a gift$ *ild1 ! intellectual be+ fo/]$ la/ ( all because x comes ( itself & is too likely to run away ) ! o!r ?ree & lead to isolation4 ,?is t5d5cy to become isolat$ is "o ( ! mo/ important factors to be consid]$ 9 guid+ ! developm5t ( p]sonality 9 highly intellig5t *ildr51 b x does n become a s]i\s problem except at ! v extreme degrees ( intellig5ce4 ,! majority ( *ildr5 betwe5 #acj & #aej ,,iq f9d fairly easy adju/m5t1 because neighborhoods & s*ools are selective1 s t l-m9d$ *ildr5 t5d to be locat$ 9 ! same s*ools & di/ricts4 ,fur!rmore1 ! gift$ *ild1 be+ l>ge & /rong = 8 age1 is acceptable to playmates a ye> or two old]4 ,great difficulty arises only :5 a "y *ild is above #afj ,,iq4 ,at ! extremely high levels ( #ahj & #aij ,,iq1 ! problem ( fri5d%ips is difficult inde$1 & ! y\ng] ! p]son1 ! m difficult x is4 ,! tr\ble decreases ) age because z p]sons become adult1 !y naturally seek & f9d on _! own initiative gr\ps :o are l-m9d$1 su* z le>n$ societies4 ,,! ,,concept ,,( ,,optimum ,,intellig5ce ,all ?+s consid]$1 ! psy*ologi/ :o has obs]v$ ! developm5t ( gift$ *ildr5 ov] a long p]iod ( "t f e>ly *ildhood to maturity1 evolves ! idea t !re is a c]ta9 re/rict$ portion ( ! total range ( intellig5ce :i* is mo/ favorable to ! developm5t ( successful & well-r\nd$ p]sonality 9 ! _w z x n[ exi/s4 ,?is limit$ range appe>s to be some:]e betwe5 #abe & #aee ,,iq4 ,*ildr5 & adolesc5ts 9 ?is area are en\gh m intellig5t ?an ! av]age to w9 ! confid5ce ( l>ge numb]s ( _! fell[s1 :i* br+s ab\t lead]%ip1 & to manage _! own lives ) sup]ior effici5cy4 ,moreov]1 !re are en\gh ( !m to af=d mutual e/eem & und]/&+4 ,b ^? ( #agj ,,iq & beyond are too intellig5t to be und]/ood by ! g5]al run ( p]sons ) :om !y make contact4 ,!y are too infrequ5t to f9d _m cong5ial companions4 ,!y h to cont5d ) lonel9ess & ) p]sonal isolation f _! contempor>ies ?r\gh\t ! p]iod ( immaturity4 ,to :at ext5t ^! patt]ns become p]man5tly fix$1 we _c yet tell4 ,!re is ?us an optimum intellig5ce1 f ! viewpo9t ( p]sonal happ9ess & adju/m5t to society1 :i* is well bel[ ! maximum4 ,! exploration ( ?is concept %\ld yield tru?s ( value = education1 & = social sci5ce z well4 ,! few *ildr5 :o te/ at ! v top ( ! juv5ile population h a unique value = society4 ,on !m dep5ds 9 l>ge measure ! advancem5t ( le>n+4 ,if !y fail ( p]sonal happ9ess & human contact1 _! "w = society z a :ole may be impair$ or lo/4 ,,conclusion ,z f> z obs]vations g at pres5t1 intellectually gift$ *ildr5 betwe5 #acj & #aej ,,iq seem to f9d ! _w well suit$ to _! developm5t4 ,z a gr\p1 !y enjoy ! advantages ( sup]ior size1 /r5g?1 heal?1 & beauty2 !y are emotionally well balanc$ & controll$2 !y are ( good "*2 & !y t5d to w9 ! confid5ce ( _! contempor>ies1 :i* gives !m lead]%ip4 ,?is is ! optimum range ( intellig5ce1 if p]sonal happ9ess is be+ consid]$4 ,if a p>5t w\ld want 8 *ild to enjoy e advantage1 he c\ld n d bett] ?an wi% ! *ild to be end[$ ) an ,,iq n l[] ?an #acj or high] ?an #aej4 ,above ?is limit1 h[ev]--surely above #afj ,,iq--! deviation is s great t x leads to special problems ( developm5t :i* are correlat$ ) p]sonal isolation4 ,z "o boy ) an ,,iq ( #aij has said3 ,x isn't good to be 9 college s awfully "y 7twelve ye>s ( age74 ,x produces a feel+ ( ali5ation4 ,h[ to provide aga9/ ali5ation f contempor>ies ( bo? sexes1 & h[ to prev5t ! negativism t results f cont9u\s liv+ "u ineffici5t or unreasonable au?ority1 are two ( ! important problems = education 9 its attempt to insure good adju/m5t ( p]sonality = *ildr5 ( extremely high intellig5ce4 #a ,= ! orig9al discussion ( ?is topic see ! pap] by ?is title1 by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?1 9 ! ,fifte5? ,ye>book ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,elem5t>y ,s*ool ,pr9cipals1 ,national ,education ,association 7,july1 #aicf71 pages #bgb-bha4 #b ,t]man1 ,lewis ,m4 ,g5etic ,/udies ( ,g5ius3 ,vol4 ,i4 ,/an=d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 ,cali=nia2 #aibe4 #c ,h>t%orne1 ,h41 & ,may1 ,m4 ,a4 ,/udies 9 ,deceit4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york2 #aibg4 #d ,hagg]ty1 ,melv9 ,e4 ,evaluation ( ,high] ,in/itutions4 ,univ]sity ( ,*icago ,press1 ,*icago1 ,ill9ois2 #aicg4 #e ,burt1 ,c4 ,! ,"y ,del9qu5t4 ,d4 ,appleton-,c5tury ,company1 ,inc41 ,new ,york2 #aibd4 #f ,healy1 ,w41 & ,bronn]1 ,a4 ,f4 ,crim9als & ,del9qu5ts3 ,_! ,mak+ & ,unmak+4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york2 #aibh4 #g ,yod]1 ,g4 ,f4 ,a ,/udy ( ! ,boyhood ( ,great ,m54 ,p$agogical ,sem9>y 7#ahid74 #h ,op4 cit4 ,,*apt] ,,tw5ty ,,! ,,*ild ,,( ,,v ,,sup]ior ,,intellig5ce ,,z ,a ,,special ,,problem ,,9 ,,social ,,adju/m5t #a ,?is discussion is limit$ to ! problems t arise f ! comb9ation ( immaturity & sup]iority4 ,?us ! problems consid]$ p]ta9 *iefly to ! p]iod 9 ! life ( ! gift$ *ild be=e he is tw5ty ye>s ( age2 = ! problems ( ! p]son ( sup]ior intellect t5d to be less num]\s z he gr[s old] & c use 8 intellig5ce indep5d5tly 9 ga9+ control ( 8 own life4 ,x %\ld be /at$ emphatically at ! outset t *ildr5 ( v sup]ior intellig5ce are n1 z a gr\p1 socially annoy+4 ,! problems pres5t$ are ^? ( ! *ild1 n ^? ( society1 z ord9>ily und]/ood4 ,t ?is is s is suffici5tly prov$ by ! scant att5tion t organiz$ society has be/[$ ^u ! /udy ( gift$ *ildr54 ,society /udies t :i* is socially annoy+4 ,! s*ool att5ds to ^? :o give x tr\ble4 ,?us feeble-m9d$ *ildr5 7m9us deviates1 z !y are call$ 9 mod]n laboratories7 h long be5 /udi$4 ,millions ( doll>s h be5 sp5t 9 consid]+ !m1 & a volum9\s lit]ature has gr[n up ?r\gh prolong$ inve/igation ( _! maladju/m5ts4 ,gift$ *ildr51 on ! o!r h&1 h be5 /udi$ h>dly at all4 ,su* inve/igations z we h are ! result ( intellectual int]e/ on ! "p ( a few educators & psy*ologi/s1 :o 9 ! c\rse ( m5tal surveys became int]e/$ 9 ^? *ildr5 :o te/ always at ! top4 ,,! ,,quality ,,( ,,gift$ ,,*ildr5 ,su* data z we n[ possess1 f ! sci5tific /udy ( ! gift$ z organisms1 %[ u t *ildr5 ( v sup]ior intellig5ce are typically sup]ior 9 o!r qualities also4 ,!y are sup]ior 9 emotional /ability & control4 ,! old idea t ! v bright *ild prodigy is likely to be n]v\s has be5 widespread1 & popul> fallacy incl9es to m5tion bright & high-/rung 9 ! same brea?4 ,9 fact1 we n infrequ5tly he> p claim+ to be high-/rung z a k9d ( complim5t to !mselves1 imply+ t !y are !re=e also bright4 ,psy*ological rese>*es ( rec5t ye>s h %[n ^! ideas to be m]ely sup]/itions1 f\nd$ on no?+ m sub/antial ?an ! human crav+ = a j nature t w someh[ p5alize ! lucky & equalize biological weal?4 ,! rese>*es ( ,t]man #b1 p>ticul>ly1 & ( ,h>t%orne & ,may #c1 h %[n t highly intellig5t *ildr5 are m /able emotionally ?an are unselect$ controls age = age1 & are sup]ior to controls 9 _! resi/ance to temptation4 ,! rese>*es ( ,burt #d1 & ( ,healy & ,bronn] #e1 %[ among del9qu5ts few *ildr5 ( ! high degree ( intellig5ce ) :i* ?is pap] deals4 ,! /udies cit$ d n1 ( c\rse1 exhau/ ! rec5t sci5tific lit]ature1 b !y d fairly exemplify ! results ( concrete1 imp]sonal inve/igation1 z di/+ui%$ f ! results ( popul> wi%ful ?9k+4 ,! *ild :o te/s above #acj ,,iq #f is typically 7?\gh ( c\rse n inv>iably7 l>ge & /rong = 8 age1 heal?i] ?an ! av]age1 contributes f> less ?an 8 quota to juv5ile misbehavior z socially def9$1 & is emotionally /able 9 sup]ior degree4 ,/>t+ ) ^! facts z to g5]ally sup]ior adju/m5t1 let u inquire :e!r !re are1 !re=e1 no special p]plexities 9 ! life ( a gift$ *ild4 ,is x possible t a *ild may v>y z f> 9 a plus direction f ! av]age p]=mance ( 8 contempor>ies z an imbecile v>ies 9 a m9us direction1 & f9d no special problems creat$ = him by ?is wide diff]5ce 9 m5tal p[] betwe5 himself & ! av]age *ild ( 8 age8 ,! psy*ologi/ :o is pr(essionally acqua9t$ ) *ildr5 :o te/ above #acj ,,iq w be able to =mulate cle>ly c]ta9 special problems ( adju/m5t1 obs]v$ 9 ! case /udy ( ^! *ildr51 :i* arise prim>ily f ! v fact t !y are gift$4 ,let u attempt to /ate "s ( ^! problems4 ,! m intellig5t ! *ild1 ! m likely he is to become involv$ 9 ^! puzzl+ situations4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,"w ,:]e ! gift$ *ild drifts 9 ! s*ool unrecogniz$1 held to ! lock /ep :i* is det]m9$ by ! capacities ( ! av]age1 he has little to d4 ,he receives daily practice 9 habits ( idl5ess & daydream+4 ,8 abilities are nev] g5u9ely *all5g$1 & ! situation is contriv$ to build 9 him expectations ( an ef=tless exi/5ce4 ,*ildr5 up to ab\t #adj ,,iq tol]ate ! ord9>y s*ool r\t9e q well1 be+ usually a little "y = grade ?r\gh an extra promotion or two1 & a*iev+ excell5t m>ks )\t s]i\s ef=t4 ,b above ?is /atus1 *ildr5 become increas+ly bor$ ) s*ool "w1 if kept 9 or ne>ly 9 ! lock /ep4 ,*ildr5 at or above #ahj ,,iq1 = in/ance1 are likely to reg>d s*ool ) indiff]5ce1 or ) positive di/a/e1 = !y f9d no?+ int]e/+ to d !re4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! *ild be greatly accel]at$ 9 grade /atus1 s t he is able to function intellectually ) real int]e/1 he w be misplac$ 9 o!r important respects4 ,a *ild ( eight ye>s grad$ ) twelve-ye>-olds is out ( 8 dep? socially & physically1 ?\gh able to d intellectual "w z well z !y c4 ,^! problems come out cle>ly :5 we consid] t ! seats & desks plann$ = twelve-ye>-olds w n fit him2 t he w always be ! la/ "o *os5 9 a?letic conte/s2 t no "o w "k h[ to treat him at class p>ties2 t ! tea*] w be prone to compla9 ( 8 manual "w1 su* z h&writ+2 & t he w be emotionally immature 9 comp>ison ) old] classmates4 ,:5 he jumps up & d[n1 clapp+ 8 h&s & %\t+1 ,goody6 goody6 at an ann\ncem5t f ! tea*]1 ! old] *ildr5 w laugh at him1 & lat] may hang pap] tails & o!r tok5s ( ignom9y ^u him2 :]eas 8 *ildi% glee w\ld h con/itut$ no violation ( ta/e among eight-ye>-olds4 ,a ?\s& concrete in/ances might be describ$ to %[ :at ^! problems ( adju/m5t are4 ,exp]im5tal education is try+ to solve !m4 ,at pres5t1 ! special class is be+ tri$ 9 popul\s c5t]s1 :]e9 a :ole gr\p ( ! "y gift$ c be br\ght toge!r 7z has long be5 done = ! dull & sl[74 ,9 less popul\s communities1 a mod]ate degree ( accel]ation1 comb9$ ) enri*m5t ( ! curriculum = ! individual1 is be+ tri$4 ,we d n yet "k h[ ! problem ( adju/m5t to s*ool "w c be/ be solv$4 ,inde$1 we h j le>n$ h[ to def9e ?is problem4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,adju/m5t ,,to ,,classmates ,typically1 :]e !re is no sci5tific recognition ( ! pres5ce ( ! gift$1 ^! *ildr51 by ! "t !y are eight or n9e ye>s old1 are m or less accel]at$ 9 s*ola/ic /atus & appe> z ! y\nge/ 9 ! class4 ,su* a *ild is ?us y\nge/ 9 ! f\r? or fif? grade1 9 a het]og5e\s gr\p 9 :i* ! olde/ are ret>dates1 ?irte5 or f\rte5 ye>s old4 ,n[1 9 ! case ( boys especially1 x may happ5 t ^! dull adolesc5ts lie 9 wait to bully & tease ! "y gift$ boy1 ^: book-le>n+ !y dete/ & ^: immaturity sugge/s ! t]m baby4 ,! pres5t writ] kn[s ( in/ances 9 :i* ^! "y *ildr5 h valiantly suff]$ at ! h&s ( dull1 bully+ classmates1 protect+ !mselves z be/ !y might by agility & wit1 s9ce1 ( c\rse1 !y c\ld n possibly compete 9 size & /r5g?4 ,! gross indignities & tortures ?us suff]$ are directly a p5alty ( be+ gift$2 = little boys ( l age1 9 ! grade prop] to _! age1 d n come into classroom contact ) ^! ov]-age bullies to any?+ l ! same ext5t1 & h5ce d n become t>gets = ! latt]4 ,"o "y gift$ boy ?us bulli$ said1 ,i rigg$ up a sl+ & 0 go+ to hit him ! bully ) a m>ble1 b got afraid ,i might %oot 8 eye out4 ,?is simple /atem5t tells volumes4 ,x w\ld seem t ! s*ool %\ld someh[ take effective cognizance ( ?is problem ( ! bully1 :i* is creat$ = ! gift$ *ild directly z a result ( ! contacts =c$ ^u bo? ( !m by ! s*ool4 ,segregation ( pupils on ! basis ( m5tality w\ld g f> to obviate su* problems1 b except 9 cities1 homog5e\s gr\p+ is difficult4 ,at pres5t1 compulsory education1 ) het]og5e\s classes1 =c$ ^u gift$ *ildr5 situations t w\ld be analog\s to ^? aris+ if tea*]s & sup]9t5d5ts 7 compell$ to consort daily1 unprotect$1 ) giant ?ugs & gang/]s4 ,gift$ adults are free to segregate !mselves f ?ugs & gang/]s1 & also to make explicit provision = police protection1 b ! ,am]ican s*ool =ces ! dull bully ^u ! gift$ *ild1 9 daily contacts1 out ( :i* la/+ problems ( m5tal hygi5e may arise4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,play ,reports by gift$ *ildr5 !mselves %[ t !y are1 z a gr\p1 mu* int]e/$ 9 play1 & t !y h m play k ?an has ! av]age *ild4 ,:5 _! reports are comp>$ item by item ) reports simil>ly r5d]$ by unselect$ *ildr51 x appe>s t ! gift$ "k m games ( intellectual skill1 su* z bridge & *ess2 t !y c>e less1 age = age1 = play :i* involves pr$om9antly simple s5sori-motor activity :i* is aimless2 & t gift$ girls are f> less int]e/$ 9 traditional girls' play1 z ) dolls & tea sets1 ?an unselect$ girls are4 ,! gift$ enjoy m complicat$ & m highly competitive games ?an ! g5]ality d1 age = age4 ,outdoor sports hold a high place ) ! gift$1 be+ almo/ z popul> among !m z is read+4 ,b al?\gh !y love play1 & h mu* play k1 ! play ( ! highly intellig5t works out 9 practice z a some:at difficult compromise among _! v>i\s p[]s4 ,!y foll[ _! intellectual int]e/s z f> z !y c1 b ^! are *eck$ 9 _m ways by age1 by degree ( physical immaturity1 & by tradition4 ,an eight-ye>-old ( #afj ,,iq may1 = example1 be deeply int]e/$ 9 t5nis1 b he is likely to be m or less kept f play+ because 8 physical developm5t is n yet equal to ! dem&s ( ! game4 ,he may love to play bridge1 b o!rs ( 8 age :o are available z playmates d n1 ( c\rse1 "k h[ to play bridge1 & he is n all[$ to sit up at night :5 8 eld]s play4 ,by trial-& error exp]i5ce1 ! highly intellig5t *ild has to "w out an adju/m5t if he c1 b !re is likely to be noticeable difficulty if he te/s above #agj ,,iq4 ,9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts1 x is h>d = su* a *ild to f9d playmates :o are cong5ial bo? 9 size & 9 m5tal int]e/s4 ,?us _m ( ^? :o te/ v high are f9ally ?r[n back ^u !mselves1 & t5d /rongly to "w out =ms ( solit>y1 intellectual play4 #g ,! same situation is discov]$ 9 /udies ( ! *ildhood ( em95t p]sons4 ,yod] #h1 9 8 /udy ( ! juv5ile hi/ory ( fifty v em95t p]sons1 conclud$ t _! play 0 (t5 ( a solit>y k9d4 ,read+1 calculation1 design+1 compil+ collections1 con/ruct+ an imag9>y l&1 evok+ imag9>y playmates--^! =ms ( play /& out prom95tly among ! recreational int]e/s ( su* *ildr54 ,s9ce physical activity is h>d to c>ry out int]e/+ly alone1 _! play t5ds to become habitually s$5t>y4 ,nev]!less1 !y develop a high degree swimm+1 skat+1 & o!r =ms ( a?letic enjoym5t :i* d n dep5d ^u be+ includ$ 9 a gr\p4 ,( six "y *ildr5 te/+ above #ahj ,,iq1 kn[n to ! pres5t writ]1 only "o #i _h no conspicu\s difficulty 9 play1 dur+ e>ly *ildhood4 #aj ,! o!r five 7 all s div]g5t f ! usual 9 play int]e/s t p>5ts & tea*]s notic$ !m4 ,!y 7 unpopul> ) *ildr5 ( _! own age because !y always want$ to organize ! play into a complicat$ patt]n1 ) "s remote & def9ite climax z ! goal4 ,z ! "m ( "o six-ye>-old said1 ,he c nev] be satisfi$ j to toss a ball ar\nd1 or to run ab\t pull+ & %\t+4 ,*ildr5 ( six ye>s are ord9>ily incapable ( becom+ int]e/$ 9 long-su/a9$1 complicat$ games :i* lead to remote goals1 b are1 on ! contr>y1 *>act]i/ically satisfi$ only by ! k9d ( r&om activity :i* bor$ ?is *ild ( #ahg ,,iq4 ,! playmates ( ord9>y intellig5ce naturally res5t$ p]si/5t ef=ts to re=m !m & to organize !m = ! atta9m5t ( remote goals4 ,fur!rmore1 !y did n h 9 _! vocabul>y words t ! gift$ *ild knew well1 us$ habitually1 & took = grant$4 ,lit]ally1 !y c\ld n und]/& ea* o!r4 ,! result 0 t ! *ild ( #ahg ,,iq did n get along ) ^? ( 8 own age & size4 ,b :5 he s\ght to jo9 ! play ( *ildr5 ( 8 own m5tal age 7above twelve ye>s71 ! six-ye>-old 0 reject$ by !m also1 z be+ a baby & too little to play ) u4 ,! *ild1 ?us ?r[n back ^u himself1 develop$ elaborate ma!matical calculation1 collect+1 read+1 & games ) imag9>y playmates1 z 8 *ief =ms ( play4 ,^! "y *ildr5 ( extremely high intellectual acum5 fail to be int]e/$ 9 *ild's play = ! same reasons t 9 adul?ood !y w fail to patronize cu/>d-pie movies or *ute-!-*utes at amusem5t p>ks4 ,x is futile1 & probably :olly uns\nd psy*ologically1 to /rive to int]e/ ! *ild above #agj ,,iq 9 r+-ar\nd-!-rosy or bl9d-man's-buff4 ,_m well-mean+ p]sons speak ( su* ef=ts z socializ+ ! *ild1 b x is probably n 9 ?is way t ! v gift$ c be socializ$4 ,! problem ( h[ ! play int]e/s ( ^! *ildr5 c be realiz$ is "o t w dep5d l>gely on individual circum/ances = solution4 ,(t5 x c be solv$ only by ! developm5t ( solit>y play4 ,:at1 if any1 effect ! habitual evocation ( imag9>y playmates1 & ! elaboration ( ! imag9>y l&1 may ex]t on "* =mation & habits ( adju/m5t 9 adul?ood is at pres5t unkn[n4 ,psy*ologi/s %\ld /udy ! hygi5ic aspects ( ^! me?ods ( f9d+ satisfaction outside ( ! real _w4 ,s9ce gift$ *ildr5 are1 z has be5 /at$1 on ! :ole a /able & rational gr\p1 p]haps no effects1 or good effects only1 result f ?is play ( ! imag9ation4 ,,special ,,problems ,,( ,,! ,,gift$ ,,girl ,x has be5 m5tion$ t gift$ girls are less int]e/$ 9 traditional girls' play ?an are unselect$ girls4 ,!y %[ a pref]5ce = boys' books & boys' play1 & a great] community ( int]e/s ) boys ?an ! g5]ality ( girls display4 ,?is m]ely means t girls ( a high degree ( intellig5ce are1 z a gr\p1 m competitive1 aggressive1 & active ?an girls are suppos$ to be4 ,an illu/rative case is t ( a sev5-ye>-old girl ( ,,iq #agj1 ^: "m wi%$ to le>n f psy*ology h[ to break h] *ild ( be+ a tomboy & h[ to re> h] to be a lady4 ,! "m compla9$ t ! girl _h nev] c>$ = dolls1 t %e w\ld n take an int]e/ 9 h] clo!s1 & t %e want$ to d no?+ aft] s*ool b read or play r\gh1 outdoor games4 ,h[1 inquir$ ! "m1 c\ld ,i break h] ( ! habit ( climb+ lamppo/s8 ,?is *ild 0 active & competitive4 ,:5 ask$ :y %e did n play ) dolls1 %e repli$1 ,!y ar5't real4 ,! doll t is suppos$ to be a baby doll is twice z big z ! "o t is made l a "m doll4 ,aside f _! dissatisfaction ) ! play habits ord9>ily associat$ ) _! sex1 gift$ girls h v>i\s o!r problems to face :i* arise directly f ! facts t !y are able & t !y are girls4 ,:5 !y rea* ! /age ( life-plann+1 z !y d v e>ly1 !y are confus$ 9 _! self-seek+ by ! unc]ta9ty 9 contempor>y cu/oms z to :at a girl may become4 ,?is difficulty is gr[+ less & less1 to be sure1 b x is /ill some?+ to be reckon$ )1 especially 9 c]ta9 localities4 ,! intellig5t girl beg9s v e>ly to p]ceive t %e is1 s to speak1 ( ! wrong sex4 ,f a ?\s& t9y cues1 %e le>ns t %e is n expect$ to ent]ta9 ! same ambitions z h] bro!r4 ,h] problem is to adju/ h] ambitions to a s5se ( sex inf]iority )\t1 on ! "o h&1 los+ self-respect & self-det]m9ation1 &1 on ! o!r1 )\t becom+ morbidly aggressive4 ,?is is nev] an easy adju/m5t to a*ieve1 & ev5 sup]ior intellig5ce does n always suffice to accompli% x4 ,! special problem ( gift$ girls is t !y h /rong pref]5ces = activities t are h>d to foll[ on acc\nt ( _! sex1 :i* is inescapable4 ,,problems ,,( ,,con=mity ,judgm5ts ( tea*]s & p>5ts indicate t highly intellig5t *ildr5 are1 on ! :ole1 m easily discipl9$ ?an *ildr5 g5]ally are4 ,none!less1 c]ta9 problems ( discipl9e d arise1 :i* gr[ out ( _! intellig5ce4 ,fir/1 9 ! case ( ! s*oolroom situation almo/ ! only respect 9 :i* discipl9e is especially tr\blesome ) ^! *ildr5 is 9 ! matt] ( ord]ly discussion :5 !y are toge!r 9 special classes4 ,x is h>d = !m to ma9ta9 sil5ce :5 ideas press = utt]ance4 ,! t5d5cy is = _m to speak at once1 ea* /riv+ to outspeak ! o!rs4 ,an atmosph]e ( confusion is ?us creat$ unless discipl9e c be impos$4 ,to hold 8 tongue1 to li/5 quietly & respectfully to o!rs1 to speak accord+ to "s ord] ( proc$ure1 & to re/ra9 disappo9tm5t at failure to be he>d at all--^! habits seem especially difficult = gift$ *ildr5 to =m4 ,only gradually d ^! *ildr5 le>n self-gov]nm5t 9 ?is respect4 ,also x has be5 notic$ dur+ ! exp]im5tal education ( ! highly intellig5t t !y sometimes t5d to slight r\t9e drudg]y 9 favor ( m /imulat+ & m orig9al projects4 ,! %e] drudg]y involv$ 9 le>n+ _! multiplication table1 = example1 is likely to be waiv$ 9 ord] to foll[ "s absorb+ /ory or exp]im5t1 unless con=mity be urg$ f )\t4 ,at home1 a special problem ( discipl9e may arise occasionally due to ! circum/ance ( t *ild1 :ile /ill v immature 9 ye>s1 has come to exce$ "o p>5t or bo? 9 intellig5ce4 ,= ! be/ discipl9e r\t9e ! p>5t mu/ be m intellig5t ?an ! *ild or ! *ild's respect = ! op9ions ( ! =m] w inevitably be lo/4 ,) ! mo/ gift$ *ildr5 ?is may q e>ly become a problem1 s9ce su* *ildr51 by ! age ( t5 ye>s or be=e1 are m intellig5t ?an ! av]age adult is4 ,v readily su* a *ild p]ceives t 9 comp>ison ) himself 8 p>5t is sl[-witt$ & lack+ 9 g5]al in=mation4 ,yet 9 self-control & 9 exp]i5ce ( life1 ! *ild is /ill v immature4 ,?us q un=tunate developm5ts may ensue 9 ! p>5t-*ild relation%ip4 ,! *ild may become ! director ( ! p>5t's activities1 rev]s+ ! socially acceptable condition ( affairs4 ,=tunately1 9 ! va/ majority ( cases at lea/ "o ( ! p>5ts is a p]son ( sup]ior intellig5ce4 ,we seldom f9d a v intellig5t *ild 9 a home :]e bo? p>5ts are av]age or bel[ av]age 9 m5tal p[]4 ,because he le>ns ev]y?+ v quickly1 ! highly intellig5t *ild is especially quick to discov] :at =ms ( conduct on 8 "p br+ him satisfactions4 ,if ! tantrum is rew>d$ by ! p>5t ) cookies1 company1 att5tion1 or o!r *ildi% delights1 !n ! bright *ild may display ev5 bigg] & bett] tantrums ?an w ^? :o are sl[] to le>n4 ,if illness br+s coddl+1 release f undesir$ responsibility1 & o!r pleasures1 !n ! quick le>n] w readily p]ceive ! value ( heada*es & o!r a*es z means to ends4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! v intellig5t le>n readily to refra9 f undesirable behavior t is foll[$ quickly & inevitably by puni%m5t4 ,two or ?ree exp]i5ces usually suffice = ^! excell5t le>n]s4 ,neglect & o/racism are good =ms ( puni%m5t = !m4 ,d>w9 tells u t he 0 cur$ ( tell+ s5sational fibs1 z a *ild1 simply by ! *ill+ sil5ce ) :i* !y 7 always receiv$ by 8 p>5ts4 ,"o m problem may be not$ "h4 ,!re is ) intellig5t *ildr5 a /rong] t5d5cy to argue ab\t :at is requir$ ( !m ?an is f\nd ) ! av]age *ild4 ,?is t5d5cy to argue z to ! :y & :]e=e ( a requirem5t is met bo? at home & at s*ool1 & calls = ?\ght 9 prop] h&l+ on ! "p ( p>5ts & tea*]s4 ,to f9d a gold5 mean betwe5 arbitr>y abolition ( all argum5t1 on ! "o h&1 & weak fo/]+ ( an intol]able habit ( endless argum5tation1 on ! o!r1 is n always easy1 b x is always wor? :ile z a measure = reta9+ ! respect ( ! *ild4 ,,! ,,problems ,,( ,,orig9 ,,& ,,( ,,de/9y ,e>ly int]e/ 9 orig9s & 9 de/9ies is "o ( ! conspicu\s symptoms ( intellectual acum54 ,:]e did ! moon come f8 ,:o made ! _w8 ,:at is ! v end ( autumn leaves8 ,:]e did ,i come f8 ,:at w become ( me :5 ,i die8 ,:y did ,i come into ! _w8 ,al?\gh ^! que/ions rise vaguely & int]mitt5tly 9 ! m9ds ( *ildr5 9 g5]al1 !y d n beg9 to require logically coh]5t answ]s until ab\t ! m5tal age ( twelve or ?irte5 ye>s4 ,!n !y beg9 to press = m or less sy/ematic acc\nts4 ,f ^! circum/ances ( m5tal developm5t1 ! errone\s idea has long be5 promulgat$1 ev5 by psy*ologi/s1 t pub]ty 9 "s my/]i\s mann] leads to ! rise ( religi\s ne$s & convictions4 ,s9ce among ! g5]ality a m5tal age ( ?irte5 ye>s is1 r\ghly1 co9cid5t ) ! age ( pubesc5ce1 ! two developm5ts h be5 assum$ to be casually relat$4 ,:5 we obs]ve "y gift$ *ildr51 we discov] t religi\s ideas & ne$s orig9ate 9 !m :5ev] !y develop to a m5tal level pa/ twelve ye>s m5tal age4 ,?us !y %[ ^! ne$s :5 !y are b eight or n9e ye>s old1 or e>li]4 ,! high] ! ,,iq ! e>li] does ! press+ ne$ = an explanation ( ! univ]se occur1 ! soon] does ! dem& = a concept ( ! orig9 & de/9y ( ! self appe>4 ,9 ! cases ( *ildr5 :o te/ above #ahj ,,iq obs]v$ by ! pres5t writ]1 def9ite dem& = a sy/ematic philosophy ( life & dea? develop$ :5 !y 7 b six or sev5 ye>s old4 ,simil> ph5om5a appe> 9 ! *ildhood hi/ories ( em95t p]sons :]e data ( *ildhood are available4 ,goe!1 = example1 at ! age ( n9e con/ruct$ an alt> & devis$ a religion ( 8 own1 9 :i* ,god c\ld be wor%ip$ )\t ! help ( prie/s4 ,mu* c\ld be said ( ! special problems ( ! "y gift$ *ild 9 ?is p]iod ( immaturity :5 8 intellectual ne$s are ^? ( an adolesc5t :ile 8 emotional control & physical p[]s are /ill b ^? ( a *ild4 ,x w\ld be ( great int]e/ to /udy ! reactions ( old] p]sons to ! insi/5t que/ions & se>*+s ( ^! "y *ildr54 ,y are too "y to und]/&4 ,y c't "k all t till y gr[ old]4 ,y unnatural *ild6 ,^! are responses t h be5 he>d incid5tally1 fall+ f ! lips ( undisc]n+ p>5ts4 ,a girl ( eight ye>s1 ( ,,iq #aej1 rec5tly 0 he>d to express a det]m9ation to jo9 ! ,agno/ic ,*ur*1 because %e _h ask$1 ,:at is x call$ :5 y c't make up y\r m9d :e!r !re is a ,god or n8 & _h be5 told t ?is w\ld be agno/icism4 ,"p & p>cel ( ^! que/ion+s conc]n+ orig9 & de/9y are ^? conc]n+ bir? & reproduction4 ,at a t5d] age ^! *ildr5 ask = an acc\nt ( sex & reproduction & suff] mu* at ! h&s ( p>5ts & gu>dians :o are %ock$ at :at ?us emanates f ! m\?s ( babes4 ,lifelong problems ( m5tal hygi5e may be ?us eng5d]$ by p>5ts :o _c und]/& :y a *ild %\ld be s unnatural z to weep ov] que/ions ( bir? & dea? at six or sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,9 ! same way problems ( "r & wrong become tr\blesome = ^! "y *ildr5 9 a way t does n happ5 except = ! v able4 ,= in/ance1 a six-ye>-old boy ( ,,iq #ahg wept bitt]ly aft] read+ h[ ! ,nor? tax$ ! ,s\? aft] ! ,civil ,w>4 ,! problem ( evil 9 ! ab/ract ?us comes to tr\ble ^! *ildr5 almo/ 9 _! cradles1 at an age :5 !y are ill-suit$ to grapple ) x f ! po9t ( view ( emotional maturity4 ,special problems ( m5tal hygi5e are p]haps inh]5t 9 ?is situation :i* d n arise ) ! g5]ality ( *ildr54 ,,g5]al ,,consid]ations ,! li/ ( problems t we h sugge/$ "h does n by any means exhau/ ! subject "u discussion4 ,h[ev]1 ! pres5t writ] believes t ^! are "s ( ! m important problems ( *ildhood t orig9ate directly f ! circum/ance ( be+ v highly intellig5t among (ficial gu>dians :o are ignorant or c>eless ( ! fact4 ,^! problems ( adju/m5t d n arise unless a *ild is gift$ intellectually4 ,!y are conspicu\s to ! psy*ologi/ :o /udies *ildr5 ) te/ k ( !m4 ,x is especially to be not$ t _m ( ^! problems are functions ( immaturity4 ,to h ! intellig5ce ( an adult & ! emotions ( a *ild comb9$ 9 a *ildi% body is to enc\nt] c]ta9 difficulties4 ,x foll[s t 7aft] babyhood7 ! y\ng] ! *ild1 ! great] ! difficulties1 & t adju/m5t becomes easi] ) e additional ye> ( age4 ,! ye>s betwe5 f\r & n9e are probably ! mo/ likely to be beset ) ! problems m5tion$4 ,! physical diff]5ces betwe5 a *ild ( six ^: ,,iq is #aej & *ildr5 ( n9e ye>s 7^: m5tal age corresponds to 87 are unabridgeable1 & s are ! diff]5ces ( ta/e1 due to diff]5ces 9 emotional maturity4 ,! *ild ( six grad$ ) n9e-ye>-olds is out ( 8 elem5t physically & socially1 b ! same ?+ is n true ( a sixte5-ye>-old among n9ete5-ye>-olds4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 six & n9e is v great4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 sixte5 & n9ete5 is small 9 t]ms ( biological developm5t4 ,moreov]1 z ! bright g =w>d 9 s*ool1 !y f9d "w increas+ly adapt$ to _! p[]s by ! automatic developm5ts ( ! e/abli%$ curriculum4 ,s5ior high s*ools are1 we h discov]$1 adapt$ only to adolesc5ts ( sup]ior intellig5ce4 ,classmates become automatically m cong5ial ?r\gh be+ m highly select$4 ,! dull bully1 ) 8 crude horseplay1 has left s*ool1 & 9 any case ! gift$1 be+ old]1 c def5d !mselves physically4 ,by ! "t a gift$ p]son is physically mature1 _m ( ! problems h]e9 outl9$ automatically disappe> z problems4 ,:at aft]-effects !re may be ( ! poor solution ( ^! *ildi% problems we d n "k4 ,app>5tly ^! sup]ior organisms tol]ate well ! /ra9s put ^u !m by reason ( _! deviation f ! av]age4 ,h[ev]1 t an organism /&s /ra9 well is no reason = putt+ or leav+ /ra9 unnecess>ily ^u x4 ,z ! gift$ individual gr[s to maturity1 he or %e c a*ieve control ( 8 or h] own life1 & c disp5se to a relatively great ext5t ) inadv]t5t cruelties & mi/ak5 ef=ts ( un9=m$ (ficial gu>dians4 ,x is dur+ *ildhood t ! gift$ boy or girl is at ! m]cy ( gu>dians ^: duty x is to "k 8 nature & 8 ne$s mu* m fully ?an !y n[ d4 #a ,repr9t$ f ,m5tal ,hygi5e3 ,vol4 ,,xi1 ,no4 #a1 pages #c-af 7,janu>y1 #aica74 ,read by ,leta4 ,s4 ,holl+wor? at ! ,fir/ ,int]national ,congress ( ,m5tal ,hygi5e1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,may #h1 #aicj4 #b ,t]man1 ,lewis ,m4 ,g5etic ,/udies ( ,g5ius3 ,vol4 ,i4 ,/an=d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 ,cali=nia2 #aibe4 #c ,h>t%orne1 ,h41 & ,may1 ,m4 ,a4 ,/udies 9 ,deceit4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york2 #aibg4 #d ,burt1 ,c4 ,! ,"y ,del9qu5t4 ,d4 ,appleton-,c5tury ,company1 ,inc41 ,new ,york2 #aibd4 #e ,healy1 ,w41 & ,bronn]1 ,a4 ,f4 ,crim9als & ,del9qu5ts3 ,_! ,mak+ & ,unmak+4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york2 #aibh4 #f ,! intellig5ce quoti5t is ! ratio betwe5 ! *ronological age /atus a*iev$ on te/s by an individual & t a*iev$ by ! g5]ality ( ! same *ronological age4 #g ,holl+wor?1 ,leta ,s4 ,gift$ ,*ildr53 ,_! ,nature & ,nurture4 ,! ,macmillan ,company1 ,new ,york2 #aibf4 #h ,yod]1 ,g4 ,f4 ,a ,/udy ( ! ,boyhood ( ,great ,m54 ,p$agogical ,sem9>y 7#ahid74 #i ,?is *ild att5d$ a private s*ool :]e a numb] ( ! pupils te/$ above #adj ,,iq4 #aj ,?is 0 writt5 9 #aica4 ,,*apt] ,,tw5ty-,,"o ,,! ,,elem5t>y ,,s*ool+ ,,( ,,v ,,bright ,,*ildr5 ,9 ?is *apt] are pres5t$ select$ relevant p>agraphs f two ( ! lat] pap]s by ! au?or3 ,an ,enri*m5t ,curriculum = ,rapid ,le>n]s #a & ,:at ,we ,"k ab\t ! ,e>ly ,selection & ,tra9+ ( ,lead]s4 #b ,?is is nei!r ! "t nor ! place = discussion ( ! te*niques ( m5tal measurem5t1 b r = ! discussion ( results4 ,:at1 fir/1 d we "k ab\t ! selection ( *ildr5 :o /& 9 ! upp] ranges ( intellig5ce8 ,facts ( mu* importance h be5 e/abli%$ s9ce #aije4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we h prov$ t *ildr5 :o rate 9 ! top "o p] c5t ( ! juv5ile population 9 respect to judgm5t1 z ,b9et call$ x1 also possess mu* m (t5 ?an o!rs ^? additional qualities :i* ?9k]s h mo/ frequ5tly nam$ z desirable 9 lead]s4 ,!re is a /rong probability t a *ild :o rates z only "o 9 a hundr$ = intellig5ce w also be end[$ 9 sup]ior degree ) integrity1 indep5d5ce1 orig9ality1 creative imag9ation1 vitality1 =cefulness1 w>m?1 poise1 & /ability4 ,^! *>act]i/ics are id5tical ) ^? set =? by ,h>v>d ,college z ! additional traits desir$ 9 boys1 already prov$ by te/s to be highly intellig5t1 :o are to receive ,national ,s*ol>%ips4 ,i believe no "o w\ld wi% to delete f ! li/ any trait ?us /ipulat$4 ,i w\ld1 h[ev]1 add to x audacity1 capacity = noncon=mity1 love ( beauty1 & cold c\rage1 z traits to *]i% 9 lead]s1 al?\gh ^! are (t5 uncong5ial to tea*]s 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool1 & possibly to o!r educators4 ,we f9d all ^! qualities 9 sup]ior measure among highly intellig5t *ildr51 accord+ to ! rat+s ( ^? :o "k !m4 ,if "o w\ld call = a ma!matical /atem5t ( ! likelihood ( f9d+ ^! traits 9 comb9ation ) high intellig5ce1 we c\ld give x4 ,i may say t ! correlation coeffici5ts hov] ar\nd 4#ej4 ,?is means t 9 select+ any *ild te/+ f> up 9 ! top "o p] c5t--say at #afj ,,iq or above 7#ajj ,,iq be+ p>7--!re is f> m ?an an ev5 *ance ( hav+ ?us automatically select$ a tall1 heal?y1 f9e-look+1 hone/1 & c\rage\s *ild1 ) a great love ( adv5ture & ( beauty 9 8 makeup4 ,) a correlation s f> f unity z 4#ej1 h[ev]1 we _c be at all c]ta9 ( su* a happy comb9ation4 ,we %all f9d a m9ority ( cases :]e f9e judgm5t is comb9$ ) an un/able temp]1 a crippl$ body1 an ugly face1 a ru?less disreg>d = o!rs1 malign *ican]y1 c[>dice4 7,i w\ld say !re _c be a v high intellig5ce )\t ! love ( beauty47 ,educational psy*ology works con/antly to f9d ways ( kn[+ h[ to id5tify ^! additional elem5ts4 ,x w be a long "t be=e we advance to a po9t :]e we c measure ^! z well z we c n[ measure intellig5ce4 ,"s ( ^! additional qualifications are und\bt$ly z ess5tial to lead]%ip z intellig5ce is4 ,a rascal1 a c[>d1 a li>1 a tyrant1 a p&]]1 a fanatic1 an invalid1 is n a desirable lead]1 no matt] :e!r 8 ,,iq is #bjj4 ,we mu/ le>n to select f among ! highly intellig5t ^? :o h ! greate/ numb] ( additional qualifications4 ,we mu/ le>n :at ^! additional qualifications are4 ,"o kn[s !m :5 "o sees !m 9 action4 ,= example1 an elev5-ye>-old boy ( ,,iq close to #ahj decid$ to run = ! (fice ( class presid5t 9 ! s5ior high s*ool to :i* he _h be5 accel]at$4 ,8 classmates 7 ar\nd sixte5 ye>s ( age4 ,dur+ ! electione]+ a propon5t ( a rival c&idate arose to speak aga9/ ! elev5-ye>-old1 & he said1 among o!r ?+s1 ,fell[s1 we don't want a presid5t 9 knee pants6 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! applause foll[+ ?is rem>k1 ! elev5-ye>-old arose1 & wav+ 8 h& casually 9 ! direction ( ! full-l5g? portrait ( ,george ,wa%+ton on ! wall1 he said1 ,fell[s1 try to rememb] t :5 ,george got to be ! ,fa!r ( our c\ntry he 0 we>+ knee pants4 ,! elev5-ye>-old 0 elect$ by a l>ge majority4 ,he gave evid5ce n only ( an ,,iq ( #ahj1 b also ( ! additional qualities ( political lead]%ip 9 highe/ degree3 audacity1 pres5ce ( m9d1 good humor1 grace1 &1 above all1 ! g5u9e desire to be a popul> lead]4 ,he knew h[ to bridge1 by a debonair ge/ure1 ! great gap betwe5 him & ^? to be l$4 ,?is boy _h qualities ( political lead]%ip4 ,?is limit+ adjective op5s ! l>ge subject ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( lead]s4 ,lead]s ( :om1 & = :at ends8 ,obs]vation ( *ildr5 sugge/s t !re is a direct ratio betwe5 ! intellig5ce ( ! lead] & t ( ! l$4 ,to be a lead] ( 8 contempor>ies1 a *ild mu/ be m intellig5t1 b n too mu* m intellig5t1 ?an ^? :o are to be l$4 ,!re are r>e exceptions to ?is pr9ciple1 z 9 ! case we h cit$4 ,b1 g5]ally speak+1 a lead]%ip patt]n w n =m--or x w break up--:5 a discrepancy ( m ?an ab\t #cj po9ts ( ,,iq comes to exi/ betwe5 ! lead] & ! l$4 ,?is concept ( an optimum :i* is n a maximum diff]5ce betwe5 ! lead] & ! l$ has v important implications = selection & tra9+4 ,we _c d m ?an to po9t to x "h1 9 pass+4 ,among s*ool *ildr5--z among ! peoples ( all times--! great intellectual lead]s are unrecogniz$1 isolat$1 & ev5 ridicul$ by all b a few 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( mass education4 ,!y c develop lead]%ip ( _! sort only :5 plac$ 9 special classes4 ,obs]vation & inve/igation prove t 9 ! matt] ( _! intellectual "w ^! *ildr5 are cu/om>ily wa/+ mu* "t 9 ! elem5t>y s*ools4 ,we "k f measurem5ts made ov] a ?ree-ye> p]iod t a *ild ( #adj ,,iq c ma/] all ! m5tal "w provid$ 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool1 z e/abli%$1 9 half ! "t all[$ him4 ,!re=e1 "o-half ! "t :i* he sp5ds at s*ool c\ld be utiliz$ 9 do+ some?+ m ?an ! curriculum calls =4 ,a *ild ( #agj ,,iq c d all ! /udies t are at pres5t requir$ ( him1 ) top m>ks1 9 ab\t "o-f\r? ! "t he is compell$ to sp5d at s*ool4 ,:at1 !n1 are ^! pupils do+ 9 ! ord9>y s*ool setup :ile ! tea*] tea*es ! o!r *ildr5 :o ne$ ! lessons8 ,no exhau/ive discussion ( "t-wa/+ c be und]tak5 "h1 except to say briefly t ^! exceptional pupils are runn+ err&s1 idl+1 engag+ 9 busy "w1 or devis+ *ildi% tasks ( _! own1 su* z le>n+ to read backw>d--s9ce !y c already read =w>d v flu5tly4 ,_m are ! devices inv5t$ by busy tea*]s to take up ! extra "t ( ^! rapid le>n]s1 b few ( ^! devices h ! appropriate "* t c be built only on psy*ological insight into ! nature & ! ne$s ( gift$ *ildr54 ,be=e education c dis*>ge ?is mo/ important task ( all ) economy & ju/ice1 x mu/ become a sci5ce4 ,! sci5ce :i* is fundam5tal to education is psy*ology4 ,psy*ology _h to develop ! me?ods ( m5tal measurem5t be=e !re c\ld be accurate or humane deal+ 9 a sy/em ( compulsory education4 ,we mu/ take ! measure ( a man be=e we c "k h[ to educate him2 & x rema9$ = m5tal measurem5t to reveal ! a/oni%+ p[] ( le>n+ t is lat5t 9 an elem5t>y s*ool-*ild ( ,,iq #agj or #ahj4 ,h[ %all su* pupils be taught8 ,h[ %all we educate ^! rapid le>n]s1 ^! subtle ?9k]s1 ^! *ildr5 ( pot5tial g5ius 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool8 ,,consid]ations ,,9 ,,plann+ ,,! ,,curriculum #c ,at ! outset we mu/ realize & admit t no absolute crit]ia exi/ by :i* to select f all aspects ( human exp]i5ce ^? :i* are mo/ valuable = a gr\p ( gift$ *ildr54 ,!re is no body ( reveal$ wisdom ab\t ?is matt]4 ,nev]!less1 we are n altoge!r at sea4 ,common s5se1 accompani$ by sci5tific facts ( psy*ology1 comes to our assi/ance1 & we may note fir/ su* negative consid]ations z occur to u "u ?is guidance4 ,x is useless to und]take ext5sive "w 9 classical languages or 9 ma!matics z g5]al discipl9e = ! m9ds ( ^! rapid le>n]s4 ,! education giv5 %\ld be su* z w function specifically & uniquely 9 _! lives4 ,x %\ld af=d !m a ri* backgr\nd ( ideas1 9 t]ms ( :i* !y may p]ceive ! significant features ( _! own times4 ,ano!r def9itely negative consid]ation applies to ! avoidance ( all subjects :i* !y w h occasion to enc\nt] 9 high s*ool & college 9 lat] ye>s4 ,^! "y *ildr5 c le>n algebra or ,lat9 gramm> or *emi/ry easily en\gh1 b :at is ! use ( hav+ !m d s8 ,! opportunity & ! prescrib$ necessity = ?is w come lat]4 ,turn+ to positive consid]ations1 we "k t ^! pupils--!y & no o!rs--w possess z adults ^? m5tal p[]s on :i* ! le>n$ pr(essions dep5d = cons]vation & advancem5t4 ,also1 we "k t !y w be ! lit]>y int]pret]s ( ! _w ( _! g5]ation4 ,& !y w be ! ones :o c ?9k deeply & cle>ly ab\t ab/ractions l ! /ate1 ! gov]nm5t1 & economics4 ,we "k ?is because we h se5 a gr\p l ?is gr[ up ov] a p]iod ( fifte5 ye>s1 & we "k :at became ( e "o ( !m4 ,bel[ an ,,iq ( #acj no v l>ge am\nt ( effective ?9k+ ab\t complex ab/ractions c be done at any age4 ,t1 we are le>n+1 is ab\t ! m$ian m5tal calib] ( college /ud5ts 9 fir/-class colleges1 tak+ x our c\ntry ov]4 ,9 _m highly select$1 fir/-class colleges1 ! boy or girl ( ,,iq #adj f9ds himself or h]self m]ely a good av]age /ud5t1 /eadily receiv+ ,c's4 ,9 su* colleges "o mu/ be a v good ?9k] 9 ord] to survive ! c\rse1 b no "o w\ld consid] m$ian /ud5ts 9 our fir/-rate colleges to be g5iuses4 ,! sugge/ion advanc$ ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago t #adj ,,iq repres5ts g5ius or ne>-g5ius 0 premature4 ,& :5 we rememb] t #abj ,,iq & #aae ,,iq are well bel[ ^! m$ian /ud5ts 9 m5tal p[]1 x becomes cle> t at & bel[ ^? levels cons]vation & advancem5t ( ! ab/ractions und]ly+ ! le>n$ pr(essions w be v inadequately h&l$4 ,really adequate cons]vation ( ! preci\s /ores ( k laid up 9 m$ic9e1 law1 !ology1 education1 & ! sci5ces dep5ds on ^? n bel[ #acj ,,iq4 ,z = orig9ations1 :]eby "o g5]ation progresses beyond ano!r 9 control ( ! physical environm5t & ( prev5table evils1 we are le>n+ t only a few 9 ! topmo/ ranges c produce !m 9 ! realm ( ab/ractions4 ,only a few 9 ! top "o p] c5t c contribute to actual progress4 ,z ,frankl9 ,k4 ,lane has said1 ,progress means ! discov]y ( ! capable4 ,!y are our natural ma/]s4 ,!y lead because !y h ! "r4 ,& ev]y?+ done to keep !m f ris+ is a bl[ to :at we call our civilization4 ,to develop ea* accord+ to 8 ability3 ?is is democracy at its ideal be/4 ,! education ( ! be/ ?9k]s %\ld be an education = initiative & orig9ality4 ,effective orig9ality dep5ds1 fir/ ( all1 ^u s\nd & exhau/ive k ( :at ! c\rse ( prec$+ ev5ts has be54 ,to take _! unique places 9 civiliz$ society1 x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 t ! intellectually gift$ ne$ especially to "k :at ! evolution ( culture has be54 ,& s9ce at eight or n9e ye>s ( age !y are n z yet ready = specialization1 :at !y ne$ to "k is ! evolution ( culture z x has affect$ common ?+s4 ,at pres5t1 ?is is n taught to *ildr5 or to adolesc5ts1 except 9 fragm5t>y & casual ways4 ,p]sons typically graduate f elem5t>y s*ool1 high s*ool1 & college1 & take po/graduate degrees )\t le>n+ mu*1 if any?+1 ab\t ! evolution ( light+1 ( refrig]ation1 ( %ipp+1 ( clo?+1 ( etiquette1 ( tra9s1 ( libr>ies1 & ( a ?\s& ?+s :i* h be5 contribut$ to ! common life by p]sons 9 pa/ times & :i* di/+ui% ! life ( civiliz$ man f ! exi/5ce ( ! savage4 ,^! ?+s are vaguely tak5 = grant$ ev5 by ! intellig5t1 educat$ p]son4 ,no sy/ematic k ( h[ !y came into be+ enri*es 8 und]/&+4 ,nor is he aw>e ( ! biographies ( ^? :o h made 8 com=t & 8 safety possible4 ,no m does he und]/& h[ dang]\s & de/ructive =ces came to be 9 ! _w4 ,( ^! va/ fields ! college graduate is typically ignorant1 z has frequ5tly be5 prov$4 ,! activities :i* make up ! life ( a civiliz$ man may be v>i\sly organiz$ & classifi$ = purposes ( /udy 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool4 ,a numb] ( ! progressive s*ools h und]tak5 projects 9 ^! fields4 ,! pupils 9 su* s*ools usually te/ at a m$ian ( ab\t #aah ,,iq1 & ! "w !y h done1 :ile x is helpful & sugge/ive1 is n :at is ne$$ = pupils ( ! calib] ) :i* we are "h deal+4 ,topical classifications :i* h sugge/$ !mselves z areas = /udy might be /at$ z foll[s3 food2 %elt]2 clo?+2 transportation2 sanitation & heal?2 trade2 "t-keep+2 illum9ation2 tools & implem5ts2 communication2 law2 gov]nm5t2 education2 w>f>e2 puni%m5t2 labor2 recreation4 ,e "o ( ^! areas ( human culture af=ds ! opportunity & necessity = /udy+ ! evolution ( common ?+s1 satisfy+ ! intellectual curiosity1 & *all5g+ ! p[] ( le>n+ ( ! *ildr5 "h consid]$4 ,,enri*m5t ,,units ,,at ,,spey] ,,s*ool ,betwe5 ! ages ( sev5 & ?irte5 ye>s1 ! m9ds ( ^! *ildr5 are occupi$ prim>ily ) exploration ( ! _w 9 :i* !y h rec5tly arriv$4 ,!y are full ( que/ions ( fact1 n yet be+ di/ract$ by ! emotional & dynamic int]e/s t come ) adolesc5ce & adul?ood4 ,?is is ! gold5 age ( ! intellect4 ,:y8 ,h[8 ,:58 ,:o8 ,:]e8 ,:at8 are con/antly on _! tongues1 z any p>5t ( a *ild 9 our classes w te/ify4 ,n[1 9 accordance ) ! philosophy & psy*ology :i* we h tri$ all too briefly to indicate1 a s]ies ( enri*m5t units is be+ work$ out at ,spey] ,s*ool day by day 9 our classrooms4 ,^! are be+ publi%$ 9 ! =m ( tea*]s' h&books1 9 a s]ies designat$ ,! ,evolution ( ,common ,?+s1 ! fir/ numb]s ( :i* h be5 publi%$4 ,x w take five ye>s to complete ! s]ies1 at ! end ( :i* "t we %all "k f exp]i5ce h[ mu* k along ! l9es indicat$ c be organiz$ & le>n$ by *ildr5 above #acj ,,iq 9 ! ye>s ( ! elem5t>y s*ool4 ,! h&books1 z !y appe> 9 publi%$ =m1 w repres5t ! actual "w ( ! pupils !mselves1 guid$ by ! tea*]4 ,! tea*]s did n discov] & assemble ! mat]ials ( in/ruction1 & give !m out4 ,! *ildr5 did ?is "w4 ,9 ! end1 ! tea*] organiz$ ! total "w into an ord]ly sequ5ce1 & v]baliz$ x 9 f9al =m = pres5tation4 ,b no tea*] w\ld h ! "t or en]gy to c>ry on ! "w ( ! s*ool & also collect & compile ! mat]ials conta9$ 9 "o ( ^! units4 ,:5 an area ( k has be5 circumscrib$ by ! *ildr5 z "o *os5 = /udy by class discussion1 ! tea*] p>ticipat+ 9 ! ?9k+ b n lead+ x1 ! pupils 7!re are tw5ty-five 9 ea* class7 divide !mselves into committees4 ,^! v>i\s gr\ps ( ?ree to five *ildr5 ea* br+ special k to ! class p]iods1 & all %>e 9 ! sum total ( facts & ideas ?us assembl$4 ,libr>ies are ?or\ghly utiliz$ 9 ?is process4 ,n9ety-five p] c5t ( ! pupils :o 7 admitt$ to our classes 9 ,febru>y1 #aicf 7!y 7 !n betwe5 ! ages ( sev5 & n9e71 _h & 7 us+ libr>y c>ds f ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4 ,!y are tak5 by _! tea*]s to ! ne>e/ bran* ( ! ,public ,libr>y on days arrang$ =1 & !y look up _! own mat]ials1 foll[+ ! topics li/$4 ,libr>ians 7 at fir/ skeptical z to ! wisdom ( admitt+ ^! v "y *ildr5 to ! c>d indices & o!r facilities ( ! libr>y4 ,b libr>ians are an op5-m9d$ gr\p1 & !y 7 p]suad$ to let ! *ildr5 try4 ,no difficulty at all has be5 exp]i5c$4 ,/$man %[$ long ago t elem5t>y s*ool *ildr5 ( ,,iq above #adj c use a libr>y & consult ref]5ce books z well z /ud5ts 9 ! normal s*ool d4 ,9 addition to "w 9 ! ,public ,libr>y1 ! classes h ! "r to use books f ! ,tea*]s ,college ,libr>y2 & to ! libr>ians ( ,tea*]s ,college mu* cr$it is due = _! effective cop]ation4 ,also1 ! libr>y facilities ( ! public s*ools are ?or\ghly utiliz$4 ,curr5t p]iodical lit]ature1 com+ to ! homes ( ! pupils1 makes a con/ant contribution4 ,x is surpris+ h[ few ( ! books f\nd mo/ useful 7 writt5 by pr(ess$ educators4 ,( ! trips und]tak51 ! visual aids suppli$1 & o!r me?ods ( in/ruction !re is n space to tell "h4 ,^! are describ$ fully 9 ! units z !y appe>4 ,! ,evolution ( ,common ,?+s is ! *ief enri*m5t project gr[+ 9 our classes4 ,h[ev]1 mu* 9 addition to ?is "w is incorporat$ 9 our curriculum4 ,^! additions may be describ$ z foll[s4 ,fir/ may be m5tion$ ! /udy ( ,biography1 because x is v closely alli$ to ,! ,evolution ( ,common ,?+s4 ,?is is plann$ to cont9ue = five ye>s1 ?\gh n be+ done 9 e t]m cont9u\sly4 ,x is inevitable t x %\ld become app>5t to our pupils t all common ?+s ( ! k9d be+ /udi$ h _h _! orig9s 9 ! m9ds ( p4 ,:o ^! p 7 is answ]$ by ! /udy ( biography4 ,! "q ,:o8 is con/antly 9 ! air4 ,dur+ ! ye> #aicf-aicg1 ab\t "o hundr$ p]sons 7 biografi$ #d by our pupils1 mo/ ( !m p]sons :o h giv5 u v important common ?+s4 ,! idea t biography is a /udy well suit$ to "y gift$ *ildr5 0 giv5 trial exp]im5tally fifte5 ye>s ago at ,public ,s*ool #afe1 ,manhattan1 & its suitability 0 !re prov$4 ,at ! ,spey] ,s*ool we are able to build ^u ! previ\s exp]im5t & to ext5d & improve ! "w1 ma9ly because ( ! a/oni%+ improvem5t 9 ! writ+ ( biography :i* has tak5 place 9 ! rec5t pa/4 ,! ,fr5* language & lit]ature w be taught = ! full five ye>s4 ,?is is done = ?ree reasons3 7#a7 ! pupils ) :om we are deal+ w1 m ?an o!rs1 h occasion to meet =eign peoples1 & to repres5t _! c\ntry abroad 9 ! realm ( ideas2 7#b7 x is ?\ght t ! e>li] a language is /udi$1 ! m ?or\ghly x c be ma/]$1 especially z reg>ds pronunciation2 7#c7 ! tea*+ ( a mod]n language enri*es1 )\t anticipat+1 ! opportunities ( ! high s*ool & college1 s9ce ! pupils w h occasion to take v>i\s languages lat]1 & may ultimately em]ge ) ?ree1 in/ead ( ! usual two1 at _! comm&4 ,fr5* r ?an ,g]man1 ,spani%1 or ,italian 0 *os5 because tea*]s ( ! ,fr5* language 7 available on our /aff1 & we gladly adopt$ x4 ,ano!r ( ! important enri*m5t projects is ! =mulation ( a curriculum 9 ! ,sci5ce ( ,nutrition4 ,?is1 also1 is a five-ye> plan1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* a curriculum 9 nutrition w be set up 9 t]ms ( ! vocabul>y1 ! concepts1 & ! capacity ( ?9k+ :i* are prop] to ^! *ildr54 ,,special ,,"w ,special "w 9 g5]al sci5ce has be5 c>ri$ on s9ce ! op5+ ( ! classes4 ,= a "t ! "q-box me?od 0 tri$4 ,a "q-box deal+ ) sci5ce 9 any & all its aspects 0 op5$ once a week1 & ! *ildr5's que/ions f\nd 9 x 7 discuss$ by a special tea*]4 ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ! ,music & ,arts ,high ,s*ool1 special tea*]s ( ^! subjects h be5 assign$1 & _m projects h be5 c>ri$ ?r\gh4 ,! pupils h made murals f\nd$ on _! /udies ( common ?+s4 ,!y h le>n$ ,fr5* songs1 & h become famili> ) _m ?+s 9 music4 ,ano!r tea*] ( ! /aff ( ! ,spey] ,s*ool is develop+ dramatics = our classes4 ,x is evid5t t a l>ge opportunity = ! developm5t ( ! creative abilities ( our pupils lies "h4 ,h&icrafts are taught at lea/ once ea* week4 ,! h&work ( ! rapid le>n]s is v sup]ior1 contr>y to ! curr5t sup]/ition t highly intellig5t *ildr5 are poor ) _! h&s4 ,dur+ ! ye> #aicf-aicg1 ! pupils made airplanes f bluepr9ts1 :i* involv$ v delicate op]ations ) glue & small pieces ( wood4 ,!y 7 !n sev5 to n9e ye>s old4 ,"o aft]noon ea* week1 ! ,games ,club meets1 & !re ! *ildr5 le>n games ( intellectual skill4 ,*ess & *eck]s are ! favorites4 ,x is believ$ t education = leisure "t is a special responsibility ( ^? :o tea* highly intellig5t *ildr54 ,! mo/ intellig5t t5d to become isolates1 ?r\gh n f9d+ 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( life recreations cong5ial bo? to !mselves & to contempor>ies4 ,a game l *ess or *eck]s c be %>$ ) pleasure1 irrespective ( age1 by any two p :o h a suffici5t m5tal ne>ness4 ,h5ce !y help a v gift$ *ild to f9d company & enjoy himself 9 all age gr\ps--a v important factor 9 ! social developm5t ( su* a *ild4 ,! int]e/ 9 ^! games is kept )9 b\nds by ! re/riction to "o h\r a week & to ^? pupils :o are up to date 9 _! s*ool "w4 ,possibly m "t %\ld be all[$ = ! ,games ,club z pupils gr[ old]4 ,hav+ foll[$ our description ( ! enri*$ curriculum to ?is po9t1 read]s :o h no direct exp]i5ce 9 ! education ( *ildr5 ( ! calib] be+ consid]$ may beg9 to be anxi\s = ! welf>e ( read+1 writ+1 & ari?metic4 ,let !m be reassur$4 ,morn+s are devot$ to ! e/abli%$ curriculum ( ! elem5t>y s*ool1 ! pupils work+ by contracts4 ,a*ievem5t te/s are giv5 at regul> int]vals to det]m9e conv5tional grade /atus 9 ! v>i\s subjects4 ,9 ,june1 #aicg1 our pupils %[$ ! educational age ( pupils at ! middle ( ! sev5? grade ( ! elem5t>y s*ools z measur$ by ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t ,te/s4 ,!y 7 !n n9e ye>s six mon?s old1 on ! m$ian4 ,! regul> grade /atus = !m w\ld h be5 ! middle ( ! f\r? grade4 ,! mo/ intellig5t t5? ( ! pupils 7 already ?r\gh ! ceil+ ( ,/an=d ,a*ievem5t & ( o!r /&>d a*ievem5t te/s 9 ,june1 #aicg4 ,at ?is po9t1 x %\ld be m5tion$ t our pupils d n h & nev] h _h homework assign$ to !m4 ,! intellectual int]e/ & capacity ( "y *ildr5 :o te/ f #afj to #bjj ,,iq is incr$ible to ^? :o h _h no exp]i5ce ) ! tea*+ ( su* *ildr54 ,we h 9 our classes ab\t a doz5 ( su* extreme deviates4 ,!y are truly orig9al ?9k]s & do]s ( _! g5]ation4 ,a book c\ld be made ( ! incid5ts con/antly occurr+ :i* d5ote ! qualities ( _! m9ds4 ,x is ^! *ildr5 :o suff] mo/ f ennui 9 ! ord9>y situation4 ,= in/ance1 rec5tly 9 ! discussion ( ! biography ( ,madame ,curie1 ! "q 0 rais$ by a pupil z to :at radium really is4 ,"o sugge/$ t radium is a /one4 ,ano!r said t radium is a metal4 ,! p]son 9 *>ge ( ! class !n said1 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 a /one & a metal8 ,a pupil ( an extremely high degree ( intellig5ce rose & said1 ,! ma9 diff]5ce is t a metal is malleable & ductile1 & a /one is n4 ,he !n enl>g$ v precisely ^u :at ^! prop]ties are4 ,at ! mom5t ( ?is discussion1 ?is boy 0 n9e ye>s six mon?s old4 ,! o!rs li/5$ att5tively1 & und]/ood ! elucidation4 ,su* incid5ts1 occurr+ daily1 give "s idea ( ! level ( m9ds be+ dealt ) 9 our classes4 ,! boy :o ?\ght & said :at is set =? above 0 plac$ 9 ! six? grade :5 8 pr9cipal recomm5d$ him to our classes4 ,he _h !n be5 skipp$ to a po9t well out ( 8 age gr\p1 & yet he _h no?+ :atev] to le>n f ! "w ( ! six? grade4 ,! pupils 9 ! classes = rapid le>n]s w g to s5ior high s*ool :5 !y are ?irte5 ye>s old4 ,9 ! meantime1 !y w be le>n+ & ?9k+ 9 ! company ( _! contempor>ies z reg>ds age & social int]e/s4 ,!y w h prop] intellectual tra9+1 & w at no "t idle _! "t away1 be practic$ 9 habits ( laz9ess1 or become ! victims ( bor$om4 ,!y w em]ge into high s*ool ) a backgr\nd ( k ri*] & full] by f> ?an t ( pupils ( equal m5tality1 = :om no enri*m5t program has be5 provid$4 ,,emotional ,,education ,mu* m might be said ( ! program ( intellectual tra9+1 b ,i mu/ pass on to consid] :at may be ev5 m important-- _! tra9+ 9 attitudes1 emotions1 & drives2 9 o!r words1 _! emotional education4 ,h[ %all we avoid ! conditions :i*1 "u ! prevail+ sy/em ( mass education1 t5d to produce emotional habits de/ructive ( lead]%ip8 ,( all ! speical problems ( g5]al conduct :i* ! mo/ intellig5t *ildr5 face1 ,i w m5tion five1 :i* beset !m 9 e>ly ye>s & may lead to habits subv]sive ( f9e lead]%ip3 7#a7 to f9d en\gh h>d & int]e/+ "w at s*ool2 7#b7 to suff] fools gladly2 7#c7 to keep f becom+ negativi/ic t[>d au?ority2 7#d7 to keep f becom+ h]mits2 7#e7 to avoid ! =mation ( habits ( extreme *ican]y4 ,9 ! ord9>y elem5t>y s*ool situation *ildr5 ( #adj ,,iq wa/e half ( _! "t4 ,^? above #agj ,,iq wa/e practically all ( _! "t4 ,) little to d1 h[ c ^! *ildr5 develop p[] ( su/a9$ ef=t1 respect = ! task1 or habits ( /eady "w8 ,i c\ld ent]ta9 y = "s "t tell+ y ! v>i\s sorts ( biz>re & wa/eful activities t 7 tak+ up ! "t ( ! mo/ intellig5t elem5t>y s*ool *ildr5 9 ?is nation ye/]day 9 _! classrooms1 b we mu/ pass on to o!r ?+s4 ,a lesson :i* _m highly intellig5t p]sons nev] le>n z long z !y live is t human be+s 9 g5]al are incorrigibly v diff]5t f !mselves 9 ?\ght1 action1 & desire4 ,_m a re=m] has di$ at ! h&s ( a mob :i* he 0 try+ to improve4 ,! highly intellig5t *ild mu/ le>n to suff] fools gladly--n sne]+ly1 n angrily1 n despair+ly1 n weep+ly--b gladly1 if p]sonal developm5t is to proce$ successfully 9 ! _w z x is4 ,failure to le>n h[ to tol]ate 9 a reasonable fa%ion ! fooli%ness ( o!rs less gift$ leads to bitt]ness1 disillusionm5t1 & misan?ropy1 :i* are ! ru9 ( pot5tial lead]s4 ,e day at s*ool ! opportunity pres5ts itself to le>n ?is lesson4 ,especially h>d = ^! intellig5t *ildr5 to be> is ! fooli%ness ( accept$ au?ority4 ,= in/ance1 our pupils f\nd x /at$ 9 _! encyclop$ia t ,mr4 ,orville ,wright is dead4 ,z is likely to be ! case1 a *ild 9 ! gr\p imm$iately id5tifi$ error4 ,mr4 ,orville ,wright is z mu* alive z ,i am1 decl>$ ?is *ild4 ,?is 0 subsequ5tly v]ifi$ by ! class z a :ole4 ,!y wrote to ,mr4 ,wright1 fi]cely prote/+ aga9/ ! fooli%ness ( ! encyclop$ia4 ,!y want$ to ?r[ ! false au?ority out at once4 ,! tea*] discuss$ ! incid5t on ! basis ( glad suff]+4 ,i c't take "t to describe ! conv]sation t pivot$ on ?is incid5t1 b ,i c say t x 0 valuable z emotional education4 ,! pupils /ill h ! (f5d+ encyclop$ia4 ,z a =m ( failure to suff] fools gladly1 negativism may develop4 ,! fooli% tea*] :o hates to be correct$ by a *ild is unsuit$ to ^! *ildr54 ,too _m *ildr5 ( ,,iq #agj are be+ taught by tea*]s ( ,,iq #abj4 ,into ?is important matt] ( ! selection ( ! tea*] we _c ent]1 except to illu/rate ! difficulty f rec5t conv]sation ) a t5-ye>-old boy ( ,,iq #afe4 ,?is boy 0 ref]r$ to u z a s*ool problem3 ,n int]e/$ 9 ! s*ool "w4 ,v impud5t4 ,a li>4 ,! foll[+ is a fragm5t ( conv]sation ) ?is boy3 ,:at seems to be y\r ma9 problem 9 s*ool8 ,sev]al ( !m4 ,"n "o4 ,well1 ,i w "n ! tea*]s4 ,oh1 boy6 ,x is bad en\gh :5 ! pupils make mi/akes1 b :5 ! tea*]s make mi/akes1 oh1 boy6 ,m5tion a few mi/akes ! tea*]s made4 ,= in/ance ,i 0 sitt+ 9 #e;,a & ! tea*] 0 tea*+ #e;,b4 ,%e 0 tell+ ^? *ildr5 t ! ,g]mans discov]$ pr9t+1 t ,gut5b]g 0 ! fir/ discov]] ( x1 m9d y4 ,aft] a few m9utes ,i c\ldn't /& x4 ,i am n suppos$ to recite 9 t class1 y see1 b ,i got up4 ,i said1 ,no2 ! ,*9ese inv5t$1 n discov]$1 pr9t+1 be=e ! "t ( ,gut5b]g--:ile ! ,g]mans 7 /ill b>b>ians4 ,!n ! tea*] said1 ,sit d[n4 ,y are entirely too fre%4 ,lat] on %e gave me a rak+-ov] be=e ! :ole class4 ,oh1 boy6 ,:at tea*+6 ,x seem$ to me t "o %\ld beg9 at once 9 ?is case ! lesson ab\t suff]+ fools gladly4 ,s ,i said1 ,n$1 t tea*] is fooli%1 b "o ( ! v fir/ ?+s to le>n 9 ! _w is to suff] fools gladly4 ,! *ild 0 s fill$ ) res5tm5t t he he>d only ! ^w suff]4 ,yes1 t's x4 ,t's :at ,i say6 ,make 'em suff]4 ,roll a rock on 'em4 ,i quote ?is to sugge/ h[ negativi/ic rebels may seize on ! wrong idea4 ,be=e we f9i%$ ! conv]sation ,n$ 0 /raight5$ out on ! subject ( :o 0 to d ! suff]+4 ,he agre$ to d x himself4 ,i w cite ano!r conv]sation1 ?is "t ) a n9e-ye>-old1 ( ,,iq #ahc4 ,:at seems to be ! ma9 tr\ble ) y at s*ool8 ,! tea*] c't pron\nce4 ,c't pron\nce :at8 ,oh1 lots ( ?+s4 ,! tea*] said ,magdal5 ,college--at ,ox=d1 y "k4 ,i said1 ,9 ,engl& !y call x ,mdl9 ,college4 ,! tea*] wrote a note home to say ,i am rude & disord]ly4 ,%e does n l me4 ,j "o m conv]sation1 ?is "t ) an eight-ye>-old1 ( ,,iq #agh1 ,s5t z a s*ool problem3 ,:at is y\r ma9 tr\ble at s*ool8 ,my really ma9 tr\ble is n at s*ool4 ,:]e is x1 !n8 ,x is ! libr>ian4 ,h[ is t8 ,well1 = in/ance1 ,i g to ! libr>y to look = my books on me*anics4 ,i am mak+ a new way = eng9es to g into rev]se ge>4 ,! libr>ian says1 ,"h1 :]e are y go+8 ,y belong 9 ! juv5ile dep>tm5t4 ,s ,i h to g :]e ! *ildr5 are all suppos$ to g4 ,b ,i don't /ay !re long1 because !y don't h any real books !re4 ,say1 d y ?9k y c\ld get me a c>d to ! o!r dep>tm5t8 ,?is subject is inexhau/ible1 b we mu/ g on to speak ( ! psy*ological isolation ( ^! *ildr5 :5 !y drift unrecogniz$4 ,! majority ( *ildr5 above #afj ,,iq play little ) o!r *ildr5 because ! difficulties ( social contact are almo/ insurm\ntable4 ,unless special facilities c be provid$1 ^! *ildr5 t5d to become isolates1 a condition n conducive to lead]%ip1 except p]haps ( a few r>e sorts1 lat] 9 life4 ,su* *ildr5 are ord9>ily fri5dly & greg>i\s by nature1 b _! ef=ts at =m+ fri5d%ip t5d to be defeat$ by ! sc>city ( l-m9d$ contempor>ies4 ,! imag9>y playmate z a solution ( ! problem ( lonel9ess is fairly frequ5t1 b f> inf]ior to ! real playmate1 c\ld "o be f\nd4 ,%aw makes ,sa9t ,joan say1 ,i 0 always alone4 ,?is dang] ( becom+ an isolate & a h]mit is "o t %\ld be c>efully /udi$ 9 ! int]e/s ( lead]%ip4 ,to combat x we mu/ someh[ supply ! highly intellig5t 9 _! e>ly ye>s ) companions1 especially ( _! own age1 :o c und]/& :at !y say1 & c answ]4 ,?is difficulty ( communication is illu/rat$ by ,voltaire's abortive attempt z an adult to get into contact ) ! peasants ar\nd him4 ,9 ,! ,ignorant ,philosoph]1 ,voltaire says1 ,i discov]$ su* a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ?\ght & n\ri%m5t1 )\t :i* ,i %\ld n ?9k t ,i believ$ t !re 0 a sub/ance 9 me t reason$ & ano!r sub/ance t dige/$4 ,nev]!less1 by con/antly endeavor+ t we are two1 ,i mat]ially felt t ,i 0 only "o3 & ?is contradiction gave me inf9ite pa94 ,i h ask$ "s ( my own lik5esses1 :o cultivate ! e>?1 our common "m1 if !y felt t !y 7 two8 ,if !y _h discov]$ by _! philosophy t !y possess$ )9 !m an immortal sub/ance 4 4 4 act+ ^u _! n]ves )\t t\*+ !m1 s5t expressly into !m six weeks aft] _! conception8 ,!y ?\ght t ,i 0 je/+ & pursu$ ! cultivation ( _! l& )\t mak+ me a reply4 ,ev5 s1 ! t5-ye>-old1 ( ,,iq #age1 wi%es to discuss ) 8 own lik5esses ! ev5ts ( m$ieval hi/ory1 b he f9ds t !y make him no reply4 ,& if he p]si/s1 !y become annoy$1 hurl+ at him ! dreadful epi!t1 ,p]fess]4 ,if he /ill p]si/s1 !y pull 8 hair1 te> 8 %irt f 8 back1 & hit him ) a be] bottle4 7,i am speak+ ( real life47 ,turn+ n[ to habits ( *ican]y1 x w\ld be a "q = long & close debate1 z to :e!r a highly gift$ lead] c ev] live & d 8 "w among ! mass ( m5 )\t develop+ a te*nique ( b5ign *ican]y4 ,_m ( ! great political lead]s h be5 pa/ ma/]s ( b5ign *ican]y1 (t5 exploit+ ! p = ! good ( ! social ord]4 ,p]haps ! arts ( b5ign *ican]y are absolutely necess>y to a *ild ( highe/ intellig5ce1 compell$ to f9d 8 spiritual way ?r\gh mass education4 ,c]ta9 x is t ^! *ildr5 le>n all sorts ( devi\s ways to self-pres]vation4 ,= in/ance1 two ( our pupils ( ,public ,s*ool #ejj came to u foll[$ by notes f tea*]s1 say+ !y 7 h>d-(-he>+4 ,bo? ( !m h v ke5 e>s1 b !y _h le>n$ n to he> ! insupportable drill on ?+s !y _h kn[n = ye>s1 & 9 self-def5se !y li/5$ s little t _! tea*]s ?\ght !m deaf4 ,at ,public ,s*ool #ejj _! he>+ is good--almo/ too good6 ,guidance 9 reg>d to ?is matt] ( *ican]y is absolutely necess>y4 ,"h we h "o ( ! mo/ delicate ( all aspects ( tra9+ ( a lead]4 ,by tea*+ ^! *ildr5 t !y %\ld at all times act ) complete c&or & /raight=w>dness1 9 all sorts ( company1 %all we be educat+ !m = self-de/ruction8 ,we c\ld sp5d h\rs 9 discuss+ ?is4 ,we _c d mu* m "h ?an m5tion x4 ,,matt]s ,,( ,,g5]al ,,policy ,i am unwill+ to close ^! rem>ks )\t t\*+ ^u "s matt]s ( g5]al policy1 :i* g beyond selection & tra9+4 ,:at ( ^? *ildr51 gift$ = lead]%ip1 :o ?r\gh accid5ts ( fate are )\t means = ! developm5t ( _! gifts8 ,at our s*ool we are compell$ to witness daily ! sight ( *ildr5 ( f9e quality1 :o d n h en\gh to eat or we>1 to say no?+ ( hav+ ab\t !m beauty or com=t4 ,x is ?\ght by ^? :o h giv5 no precise att5tion to ! matt] t bright *ildr5 w take c>e ( !mselves4 ,?is is ! r\t9e answ] giv5 by f\ndations e/abli%$ to promote human welf>e1 :5 reque/s are made = grants to /udy & meet ! ne$ ( su* *ildr54 ,! conc]n ( ,am]ican philan?ropy 9 ! pres5t /ate ( public k is = ! *ronic dep5d5t1 =ev] incapable ( developm5t4 ,?is criticism may be ju/ly ext5d$ to include n only ! lead]s ( philan?ropy today1 b political1 educational1 & o!r k9ds ( lead]s1 :o w\ld give all to ! burd5s ( society & no?+ to ! burd5-be>]s4 ,to su* t5d5cies ( ^? 9 p[] today "s halt %\ld be call$4 ,= a p to d5y its natural ari/ocracy is a social error 9 ! broad] s5se4 ,n[ ! tru? is t *ildr5 ( great ability are virtually z helpless z any o!rs "u au?orities bl9d to _! exceptionality4 ,x w\ld be an impossibly /rong & %rewd *ild :o c\ld today conduct 8 own education "u ! compulsory s*ool laws2 make money to live on & accumulate funds = 8 own high] education "u ! *ild-labor laws--all 9 ! fir/ eighte5 ye>s ( 8 life4 ,yet ?is seems to be :at eld]ly society has vaguely 9 m9d1 :5 reit]at+ t ! bright w take c>e ( !mselves4 ,x is common to ref] 9 ?is connection to ! fact t ,mr4 ,john ,d4 ,rockefell] _h e>n$ & sav$ a l>ge sum ( money by ! "t he 0 sixte5 ye>s old4 ,h[ev]1 9 ?is day & age ,mr4 ,rockefell] w\ld h be5 arre/$ on ! d\ble *>ge ( truancy & violation ( ! *ild-labor law1 & w\ld h _h no sav+s :atsoev] at sixte5 ye>s ( age4 ,x is %ock+ to ?9k ( ,mr4 ,rockefell] /&+ at t5 ye>s ( age be=e ! ,juv5ile ,c\rt1 b su* w\ld be 8 situation 7 he a t5-ye>-old *ild today in/ead ( hav+ be5 su* ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,9 our day a t5-ye>-old acquires no m]it by /ay+ out ( s*ool & engag+ 9 ! egg bus9ess4 ,he acquires1 in/ead1 a c\rt summons4 ,:at is ne$$ = ! support & developm5t ( ^? *ildr5 :om we see be=e u daily1 & :o repres5t scores ( o!rs 9 ! same economic condition1 is :at we may call a revolv+ f\ndation4 ,by ?is is meant a fund f :i* ! gift$ "y c\ld draw at any age ! means = _! developm5t1 ) ! moral 7n legal7 obligation to repay accord+ to ability to d s1 aft] tw5ty ye>s1 )\t int]e/4 ,by ?is plan ! sup]ior c\ld inve/ 9 !mselves2 v little money w\ld actually be sp5t1 because x w\ld come back aga91 & ! nation w\ld always b5efit 9 ways n n[ fully =eseeable4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a revolv+ fund = ! developm5t ( te/$ *ildr5 w\ld be ano!r new ?+ "u ! sun4 ,x w\ld be a great exp]im5t 9 social sci5ce1 n[ r5d]$ possible = ! fir/ "t by inv5tions & discov]ies 9 ! field ( *ild psy*ology4 #a ,tea*]s ,college ,record1 ,vol4 #ci1 ,no4 #d 7#aich71 pages #bif-cjf4 #b ,tea*]s ,college ,record1 ,vol4 #dj 7#aici74 ,also repr9t$ 9 ,public ,addresses ( ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?1 ,sci5ce ,press ,pr9t+ ,company1 ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania2 #aidj4 #c ,! curriculum "h describ$ is t organiz$ by ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor? & h] collaborators 9 ,spey] ,s*ool1 ,p4,s4 #ejj1 ,manhattan1 = two exp]im5tal classes ( rapid le>n]s4 ,= an e>ly acc\nt ( ?is project see ,! ,f\nd+ ( ,public ,s*ool #ejj1 ,tea*]s ,college ,record1 ,vol4 #ch1 ,no4 #b 7,novemb]1 #aicf74 ,also ,:at is ,go+ ,on at ,spey] ,s*ool8 ,*apt] #ba ( ,public ,addresses ( ,leta ,s4 ,holl+wor?1 ,sci5ce ,press ,pr9t+ ,company1 ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania2 #aidj4 #d ,a ^w co9$ by ! pupils4 ,,*apt] ,,tw5ty-,,two ,,problems ,,( ,,relation%ip ,,betwe5 ,,elem5t>y ,,& ,,second>y ,,s*ools ,,9 ,,! ,,case ,,( ,,highly ,,intellig5t ,,pupils ,an address be=e ! ,national ,committee on ,cord9ation ( ,second>y ,education at a symposium on ,! ,education ( ,pupils ( ,high ,intellig5ce1 ,clevel&1 ,febru>y #bg1 #aici #a ,i %all n dwell "h ^u ! pres5t k ( gift$ *ildr5 z organisms4 ,our f9d+s 9 foll[-up /udies on te/$ *ildr5 9 ,new ,york ,city confirm 9 all p>ticul>s ,pr(essor ,t]man's rese>*es on ! ,pacific coa/4 ,s9ce ^! sev]al /udies h be5 c>ri$ on 9 complete indep5d5ce1 "o 9 ! ,ea/1 ! o!r 9 ! ,we/1 = ne>ly tw5ty ye>s1 we may c]ta9ly feel ju/ifi$ 9 ! conclusion t we are arriv+ at tru? ab\t ! m5tal & physical traits & developm5t ( highly intellig5t p]sons1 com+ z we d to ! same results4 ,my rem>ks "h w deal1 r1 ) c]ta9 problems ( ! education ( ! highly intellig5t4 ,i may say at ! outset t my direct contacts ) ! education ( gift$ pupils h all be5 on ! level ( ! elem5t>y s*ool4 ,i consid] t ! problems are mo/ urg5t on ?is level1 because x is 9 ! prim>y & elem5t>y s*ool t ! v intellig5t *ild mo/ especially ne$s a supplem5t to ! /&>d curriculum4 ,! program ( progress ?r\gh ! elem5t>y grades is bas$ on :at pupils at1 or only v slightly above1 ! av]age c ma/] at giv5 ages1 s t ! extremely intellig5t *ild has little or no?+ to d !re4 ,8 int]e/ is n engag$1 & 8 p[] is n *all5g$4 ,! situation ( su* *ildr5 has be5 well exemplifi$ 9 a rec5t biography #b :i* sets =? ! s5se ( futility f :i* _m ( !m suff] at s*ool 9 ! e>ly ye>s4 ,:5 ! *ild rea*es s5ior high s*ool1 h[ev]1 ! case is some:at diff]5t4 ,! college prep>atory c\rse ( ! second>y s*ool 0 orig9at$ ) & = pupils ( college calib]4 ,x is !re=e bas$ on :at v intellig5t adolesc5ts1 & !y only1 c le>n4 ,h5ce x (f]s to ! pupil at & above #acj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 tasks ( suffici5t int]e/ & difficulty to engage 8 p[]s ( le>n+4 ,lay+ aside1 = purposes ( ! mom5t1 argum5t z to :e!r ! cont5t ( ! college prep>atory c\rse is :at x %\ld be f all angles1 we ma9ta9 t x is suffici5tly ab/ract1 complex1 & difficult to op]ate z an intellectual /imulus = q highly intellig5t adolesc5ts4 ,i %all return to ?is po9t lat]1 rais+ x "h m]ely to expla9 :y x has seem$ to me especially important to "w 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool4 ,"o _c "w = long 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool1 h[ev]1 )\t becom+ involv$ 9 rese>* :i* has to d ) ! second>y s*ool4 ,!re are _m problems ( cord9ation t require = _! adequate /udy ! jo9t ef=ts ( bo? elem5t>y & second>y s*ool4 ,we are curr5tly try+ to f9d answ]s to ^! problems at ,public ,s*ool #ejj1 ,manhattan1 = we %all beg9 s5d+ pupils f !re to ! s5ior high s*ools 9 ,june1 #aici4 ,,! ,,elem5t>y ,,s*ool ,= "s ye>s1 beg9n+ ab\t #aiah1 exp]im5tation has be5 sporadically und]tak5 9 ,new ,york ,city on ! initiative ( individual pr9cipals to f9d out :at %\ld be done 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool = highly intellig5t *ildr54 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 until ,janu>y1 #aicf1 t ! ,bo>d ( ,education itself took (ficial action 9 cognizance ( ! pres5ce ( ^! pupils 9 ! s*ool sy/em4 ,on ,janu>y #bh1 #aicf1 ,public ,s*ool #ejj1 ,manhattan 7,spey] ,s*ool1 #c 0 f\nd$ by =mal action ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education & ,tea*]s ,college1 jo9tly1 = ! /udy ( intellectual deviates1 o!r ?an ! feeble-m9d$1 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool4 ,two classes = rapid le>n]s 7 includ$ 9 ! setup ( ?is s*ool1 to accommodate tw5ty-five pupils ea*4 ,^! classes h n[ 7#aici7 be5 9 progress = ?ree ye>s4 ,_! *ief purpose has be5 to f9d exp]im5tally & to e/abli% a curriculum t w\ld provide a g5u9e education = *ildr5 ( m5tal calib]s above #acj ,,iq 7,s-,b72 an education t w\ld ext5d _! m9ds & int]e/ !m 9 ! int]e/s ( society dur+ ! ye>s ( ! elem5t>y s*ool4 ,pupils 7 select$ = ?is exp]im5t on ! basis ( ?ree crit]ia3 7#a7 !y mu/ te/ at or above #acj ,,iq 7,s-,b72 7#b7 !y mu/ be at lea/ #g ye>s #j mon?s old1 & at mo/ #i ye>s #f mon?s old2 7#c7 !y mu/ be repres5tative z a gr\p ( ! v>i\s e?nic /ocks compos+ ! population ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,?is con/itutes :at we consid] a p]fectly democratic selection4 ,no?+ c\nts t[>d selection except ! te/$ quality ( ! pupil himself4 ,! organization is t ( an #h;,b elem5t>y s*ool1 design$ to run = five ye>s z an exp]im5t4 ,promotion to ! n9? grade ( ! s5ior high s*ools at ! age ( #ac ye>s 0 plann$ = our pupils4 ,! s*ool also includes sev5 classes = sl[ le>n]s 7,,iq #ge-ij71 ! pupils ( :i* m+le freely ) ^? ( ! rapid le>n] classes except = purposes ( classroom in/ruction4 ,! tea*]s 7 select$ f a long li/ ( applicants = ! po/s among lic5s$ elem5t>y-s*ool tea*]s ( ,new ,york ,city4 ,crit]ia = selection re/$ on p]sonality1 degree ( education1 & desire to und]take exp]im5tal "w4 ,enri*m5t ( ! curriculum has be5 go+ =w>d = ?ree ye>s4 ,pupils at & above #acj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 ne$1 on ! av]age1 ab\t "o half ( _! "t 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool = ma/]+ ! /&>d curriculum set up = all ! *ildr54 ,ma/]+ "h means n pass+ ) a m>k ( #fe p] c5t1 b g5u9e ma/]y ) m>ks ( #ij p] c5t & above4 ,9 ! half day ?us left to sp>e1 an enri*m5t curriculum has be5 pursu$1 :i* has else:]e be5 describ$ 9 "s detail4 #d ,! *ief features ( ?is enri*m5t curriculum are a s]ies ( units1 "o ea* t]m 9 ea* class1 on ,! ,evolution ( ,common ,?+s & ! ,fr5* language & lit]ature4 ,,transition ,,f ,,elem5t>y ,,to ,,second>y ,,s*ool ,! "t comes :5 pupils ?us select$ & educat$ are to pass to ! n9? grade ( ! s5ior high s*ool4 ,at ?is po9t que/ions arise :i* call urg5tly = discussion z a jo9t responsibility ( bo? elem5t>y & second>y s*ools4 ,"s ( ^! que/ions are z foll[s3 #a4 ,:y is #ac ye>s to be *os5 z ! optimum age = ! transition8 #b4 ,:y is junior high s*ool omitt$ f ! picture8 #c4 ,:at c]emony1 if any1 %\ld m>k ! transition to s5ior high s*ool8 #d4 ,:at items ( cumulative record %\ld accompany ! pupil z he or %e ent]s high s*ool8 #e4 ,:at diff]5ces are !re 9 ! dem&s ( high s*ool1 z comp>$ ) ! elem5t>y s*ool1 :i* w\ld affect ! m9imum ,,iq at :i* enri*m5t is ne$$ 9 ! high s*ool8 ,is enri*m5t ne$$ 9 ! high s*ool at #acj ,,iq 7,s-,b78 #f4 ,! po9t at :i* enri*m5t beg9s to be ne$$ hav+ be5 det]m9$ exp]im5tally1 h[ %\ld ! second>y s*ool organize to provide a g5u9e education = pupils at & above t level8 #g4 ,assum+ an enri*m5t program = pupils above #aej ,,iq 7,s-,b7 desirable or imp]atively necess>y 9 high s*ools1 :at matt]s %all be agre$ ^u to ent] into ! curriculum8 #h4 ,%all we guide all ( our highly intellig5t elem5t>y-s*ool pupils into ! college prep>atory c\rses8 ,or %all "s ( !m be s guid$ t !y w end high s*ool )\t ! cr$its = college8 #i4 ,:at c & %\ld public s*ools d = ^? few pupils :o te/ at or above #agj ,,iq 7,s-,b71 = :om no exp]im5tal "w s f> done is ( mu* real effect1 ei!r 9 elem5t>y or second>y s*ool8 ,,consid]ation ,,( ,,! ,,que/ions ,,aris+ ,n all ! =ego+ que/ions propos$ c be fully discuss$ "h4 ,:atev] is said1 h[ev]1 is an outgr[? ( our own pr(essional obs]vations1 ext5d+ ov] ! pa/ sev5te5 ye>s4 ,9 p>ticul> ^! obs]vations result f ! curr5t obligation at ,public ,s*ool #ejj1 ,manhattan 7,spey] ,s*ool71 to promote to s5ior high s*ool our fir/ gr\p ( *ildr5 n[ rea*+ ! ?irte5? bir?day4 ,x is obvi\s t we h to det]m9e ^u an age = promotion to ! s5ior high s*ool4 ,?is mu/ take into consid]ation ! :ole *ild4 ,we _c isolate ! intellect = ?is purpose4 ,body1 m9d1 & s\l mu/ pass z a unit to second>y s*ool4 ,! brighte/ ( our pupils 7 fully ready = ! s*ola/ic "w ( ! n9? grade :5 !y 7 #h ye>s old2 sev]al o!rs1 :5 !y 7 #aj ye>s old4 ,ability to pass exam9ations set = #h;,b pupils _c1 !re=e1 reasonably become our crit]ion = promot+ ^! *ildr51 unless we wi% to assume responsibility = plac+ prepubesc5t1 #h-1 #i- & #aj-ye>-old *ildr5 9 a s*ola/ic milieu t is det]m9$ by ! physical size & social maturity ( adolesc5ts4 ,aft] mu* discussion1 we fix$ ^u #ac ye>s z ! age = transition to s5ior high s*ool4 ,we came to ?is l>gely z a result ( our pool$ pr(essional exp]i5ce1 b n :olly on t basis4 ,we gave consid]able weight to ! foll[-up /udy ( pupils id5tifi$ 9 #aibb1 & kept toge!r = ?ree ye>s 9 special classes at ,public ,s*ool #afe1 ,manhattan4 #e ,!re 7 #ef ( ^! *ildr5 :om we promot$ to ! n9? grade at an av]age age ( #aa ye>s2 & ! high-s*ool c>e]s ( all ( !m 7 foll[$ ?r\gh sixte5 diff]5t high s*ools4 #f ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is foll[-up1 ! "q 0 repeat$ly ask$1 ,:at w\ld be ! be/ age to ent] ! n9? grade8 ,sixty p] c5t ( ^! pupils gave #ac ye>s z ! be/ age to ent] high s*ool1 & tw5ty-six p] c5t gave #ad ye>s or old]4 ,only "o *ild gave an age y\ng] ?an #ab ye>s z optimum = ent]+ high s*ool4 ,?is gr\p1 z a :ole1 w\ld h pref]r$ to ent] ! n9? grade at an age old] ?an t at :i* !y ent]$1 & gave cog5t reasons = ! pref]5ce dur+ _! high-s*ool c>e]s4 ,^! ideas p]si/$ ?r\gh ! college c>e]s1 especially among ! boys1 _m ( :om felt !y 7 misplac$ 9 college at #ae ye>s ( age4 ,ent]+ high s*ool ne> ! ?irte5? bir?day1 a *ild saves "t1 & yet is n made subject to ! t5sions :i* may result f try+ to meet social & physical requirem5ts = :i* he is too immature4 ,junior high s*ool is omitt$ f ! picture z ours 0 a five-ye> plan4 ,su* a plan ( curriculum enri*m5t z ours fits be/ into ! #h;,b setup1 = su* a program _c be sup]vis$ if ! pupils are scatt]$ & ! situation made subject to ! transition f #f;,b to junior high s*ool4 ,9 ! metropolitan situation x is n feasible to take ! pupils = special classes until !y are at lea/ #g ye>s old4 ,! infrequ5cy ( _! occurr5ce makes x necess>y to assemble !m f sev]al di/ricts1 & !y are n mature en\gh to come f a di/ance :5 !y are #f ye>s ( age4 ,p>5ts _c assume ! burd5 ( accompany+ !m twice a day4 ,our pupils 7 #h ye>s old1 on ! m$ian1 :5 !y ent]$ our rapid le>n] classes4 ,we h f\nd x feasible to organize classes = #h-ye>-olds1 give !m a five-ye> program ( special /udies1 & h !m fully ready = s5ior high s*ool at #ac ye>s ( age4 ,?is plan has work$ out well1 :]eas1 if we _h _h to consid] a transition to ! junior high s*ool 9 ! mid/ ( our "w1 difficulties w\ld h aris51 & x is n cle> h[ our program c\ld h be5 c>ri$ out at all4 ,h[ev]1 a field = exp]im5tation lies "h = ^? :o w\ld be pr$ispos$ to favor ! junior-high-s*ool plan ( s*ool organization4 ,we decid$ t no c]emony ( graduation %\ld m>k ! promotion to s5ior high s*ool4 ,our pupils w make ! transition n 9 a body1 b a few at a "t at ! end ( ea* t]m4 ,"s in=mal social ev5t may take place1 b no c]emony ( graduation z su*4 ,! "q1 ,:at items ( cumulative record %\ld accompany ea* *ild f ! elem5t>y s*ool8 is "o requir+ mu* /udy4 ,"h we are work+ q exp]im5tally4 ,! public s*ools ( ,altoona1 ,elk9s ,p>k1 & ,=t ,wayne1 ,p5nsylvania1 are report$ to h =mulat$ a cumulative record c>d = rapid le>n]s1 :i* we hope lat] to consult4 ,! records ( m5tal te/s1 ! record ( s*ola/ic-a*ievem5t te/s1 & a /atem5t ( tea*]s' rat+s on a v>iety ( "* traits %\ld no d\bt be includ$ ) ! heal? record & att5dance record 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool4 ,ideally1 ! second>y s*ool %\ld receive ^! pupils already te/$ m5tally1 ) cumulative records2 b1 s9ce 9 ! exi/+ /ate ( affairs ?is is n possible1 because su* te/s h n be5 g5]ally made1 ! high s*ools are wond]+ :at me?ods to use 9 select+ ! highly intellig5t z !y arrive1 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts1 = admission4 ,we mu/ agree t we h1 9 fact1 no me?od at pres5t g5]ally available ( di/ribut+ ! top p]c5tile ( ! adolesc5t population4 ,! ,army ,alpha1 :i* /rictly speak+ p]ta9s to adults1 is no d\bt ! mo/ ne>ly appropriate in/rum5t we h = di/ribut+ ! top "o p] c5t ( adolesc5ts4 ,no o!r gr\p te/ has suffici5t top = ?is purpose1 & no individual te/ has a ceil+ high en\gh to prev5t ! be/ f go+ ?r\gh4 ,two =ms ( ,army ,alpha comb9$ w give z good an approximation z is at pres5t available to a correct di/ribution ( adolesc5ts at & above #acj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,!re exi/ te/s ( s*ola/ic aptitude :i* p]ta9 to adolesc5ts ( college calib]1 b ^! are n g5]ally available1 be+ limit$ to ! organizations :i* make specific use ( !m4 ,f obs]vations ( ! progress ( highly intellig5t *ildr5 te/$ at an e>ly age1 ,i (f] ! hypo!sis t pupils ( #acj to #aej ,,iq 7,s-,b7 h q en\gh to d 9 ! truly effici5t pursuit ( ! college prep>atory curriculum ( ! s5ior high s*ools1 & d n ne$ any enri*m5t ( ?is curriculum z f> z *all5ge to ability is conc]n$4 ,:at ^! pupils ne$ is m]ely fre$om f ! pres5ce ( great masses ( classmates :o are m5tally unadapt$ to ! college prep>atory c\rse1 & ! opportunity to "w unhamp]$1 9 segregat$ gr\ps1 su* z are n[ be+ =m$ 9 _m second>y s*ools "u ! concept ( ! honor s*ool4 ,pupils above #aej ,,iq 7,s-,b7 are1 h[ev]1 probably 9 def9ite ne$ ( an enri*m5t ( ev5 ! college prep>atory c\rse z x exi/s curr5tly 9 s5ior high s*ools4 ,if exp]im5tal obs]vation %\ld prove ?is hypo!sis to be true1 h[ %\ld ! second>y s*ool set ab\t x to provide = ! g5u9e education ( su* pupils8 ,%\ld ! huge high s*ools ( a great city1 l ,new ,york1 organize an enri*m5t curriculum )9 ! honor s*ools = ^! extreme deviates8 ,%\ld honor s*ools h faculties prop] to !m only8 ,assum+ an enri*m5t program = pupils above #aej ,,iq 7,s-,b7 to be f\nd desirable or necess>y 9 second>y s*ool1 :at matt]s %all f9d place 9 su* a curriculum8 ,! answ]s to ^! que/ions _c be /at$ f ! swivel *air or ! arm *air4 ,ye>s ( reali/ic h>d & intellig5t "w w h to be done1 by way ( exp]im5t ) v>i\s gr\ps ( adolesc5ts4 ,z reg>ds ! "q p]ta9+ to enri*m5t ( curriculum1 ,i d>e (f] ! sugge/ion t !re are common ?+s ! evolution ( :i* w\ld be m prop]ly work$ out at ! adolesc5t level ?an at ! level ( *ildhood by highly intellig5t pupils4 ,?us at ,public ,s*ool #ejj1 ,manhattan 7,spey] ,s*ool71 we (t5 f9d ourselves wi%+ t we might h our pupils at adolesc5ce 9 ord] to take up ) !m ! evolution ( law & ord]1 ( trade & money1 ( w>f>e1 ( puni%m5t1 & _m o!r ?+s conc]n+ :i* no sy/ematic in/ruction is ev] giv5 outside ( pr(essional s*ools4 ,"o may sugge/ t 9 ! elem5t>y s*ool ! enri*m5t curriculum might proce$ by cov]+ ! evolution ( common ?+s :i* are concrete1 z we h be5 do+1 leav+ = ! second>y s*ool ^? common ?+s :i* are relatively ab/ract & involve especially concepts ( social-economic consequ5ce4 ,x is to be consid]$1 also1 t ea* ( ^! pupils1 at & above #aej ,,iq 7,s-,b71 w\ld h ! capacity to ma/] a manual trade1 9 addition to ma/]+ a pr(ession1 if "t 7 all[$ dur+ adolesc5ce4 ,at #ac ye>s ( age1 ! h& !n be+ develop$1 su* pupils might be tra9$ = skill$ trades1 9 _! sp>e "t1 z an enri*m5t ( curriculum4 ,9 a *ang+ _w x is p]haps a good ?+ = ^? :o are capable ( bo? pr(ession & skill$ manual craft to h bo? at _! s]vice z adults1 & to be capable ( s]v+ society & !mselves 9 m ?an "o specializ$ vocation1 z 0 & is actually ! case ) _m able ,am]icans1 re>$ & educat$ "u pione]+ conditions ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & e>li]4 ,to ?is po9t we h be5 speak+ ( enri*m5ts accompany+ & supplem5t+ ! college prep>atory c\rse = pupils te/+ above #aej ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,b %all we guide all our highly intellig5t pupils into college prep>atory c\rses8 ,or %all "s ( !m be positively guid$ s t !y w end high s*ool )\t ! cr$its = college8 ,%all all ^: circum/ances t5d to =ce !m into vocational high s*ools be all[$ to drift 9 t direction8 ,"h is a "q ( fundam5tal importance = society1 :i* at ?is mom5t we h>dly "k en\gh to raise1 mu* less answ]4 ,only "o 9 e hundr$ te/s at or above #acj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,:at does society mo/ ne$ f ?is little h&ful ( p]sons8 ,^! c p]=m socially desir$ functions :i* none ( ! o!r n9ety & n9e c possibly p]=m4 ,!y c be educat$ 9 ways :i* are =ev] out ( ! rea* ( all :o te/ bel[ !m4 ,:at %\ld we1 z educators1 ! publicly appo9t$ gu>dians ( _! intellectual lives1 d ) ^! *ildr5 = _! own & society's be/ int]e/s8 ,!re is no m s]i\s "q ?an ?is 9 all education4 ,h[ %all a democracy educate ! mo/ educable8 ,at pres5t ^! *ildr5 are to a great ext5t lo/ 9 ! va/ ent]prises ( mass education1 & are left to h&le _! special problems z !y may1 by !mselves1 :ile ! en]gies ( tea*]s are b5t ^u ! ma9 bus9ess ( deal+ ) ! n9ety-n9e p] c5t :o te/ bel[ #acj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,common s5se w\ld tell u t a *ild :o te/s z f> above ! av]age z a feeble-m9d$ *ild te/s bel[ _c escape hav+ special problems "u conditions ( mass education4 ,we _c g into ?is matt] 9 detail "h4 ,^! problems h be5 set =? 9 ano!r place4 #g ,x is = u to consid] !m c>efully1 = educators are ! sole gr\p appo9t$ by society to gu>d ! int]e/s ( *ildr54 ,we are _! (ficial gu>dians1 add+ our guidance to t ( _! natural gu>dians1 p>5ts1 :o are (t5 helpless ei!r to recognize ^! *ildr5's abilities or to develop !m4 ,,:at ,,ab\t ,,g5ius8 ,we come f9ally to :at may be ! mo/ important po9t ( all--! po9t to :]e we inquire into ! responsibility ( ! public s*ools = *ildr5 :o are z f> above ^? ( #acj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 z ! latt] are above #ajj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,i ref] to ^? v r>ely occurr+ pupils :o te/ at or above #agj ,,iq 7,s-,b74 ,^! *ildr5 are important = civilization 9 inv]se ratio to _! infrequ5cy ( occurr5ce4 ,!y are ! ones :o c n only cons]ve ?\ght 9 its ab/ract rea*es1 b :o c orig9ate new ?\ghts1 new inv5tions1 new patt]ns1 & :o c solve problems4 ,:51 ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago1 ,t]man #h began to attempt classifications ( high deviates1 on ! basis ( ,,iq1 he call$ #adj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 g5ius or ne> g5ius4 ,! int]v5+ ye>s h prov$ t ?is idea mu/ be revis$4 ,s5iors 9 _m ( our fir/-rate colleges te/ at a m$ian ( #adj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 or ev5 high]1 & ab\t a qu>t] ( all college graduates te/ at or above ?is level4 ,t po9t 9 ! di/ribution ( ,,iq :]e m5tal products sugge/ive ( g5ius1 z def9$ by lexicograph]s1 beg9 to appe>1 seems to be z f> above #adj ,,iq z #adj ,,iq is above av]age4 ,some:]e betwe5 #agj & #ahj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 we beg9 to see m]g+ 9 e>ly adul?ood t highly unusual p[] ( inv5tion or orig9ation1 t orig9al creative p[]1 frequ5tly work+ ?r\gh ! imag9ation1 :i* is ord9>ily call$ g5ius4 #i ,?is elem5t 9 our juv5ile population1 s significant & s r>ely f\nd1 passes unrecogniz$ at pres5t ?r\gh ! public s*ools4 ,we h n ev5 comm5c$ to evolve an education suitable = a *ild :o at #i or #aj ye>s ( age is able to ?9k on a college level4 ,! idea t su* *ildr5 exi/ at all is ev5 laugh$ at to scorn by tea*]s & pr9cipals :o h a qu>t] ( a c5tury ( exp]i5ce beh9d !m4 ,^! *ildr5 h no way ( mak+ !mselves kn[n4 ,! m5tal te/s make !m kn[n4 ,!y become kn[n only to ^? educators :o believe 9 m5tal te/s4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ problem 9 education is to discov] h[ ^! *ildr51 te/+ above #agj ,,iq 7,s-,b7 c & %\ld be educat$2 to devise ways & means :]eby ^! f> deviates may get ! full use ( _! abilities 9 s*ool & society1 especially :5 !y h no money4 ,! concept ( democracy on :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 f\nd$ is "o ( equality ( opportunity4 ,! int5tion ( our educational policy is t e *ild %\ld h a *ance to develop z 8 natural abilities may entitle him to d1 all artificial di/9ctions be+ elim9at$4 ,n[ at la/ psy*ological sci5ce has provid$ an effective in/rum5t = a*iev+ ?is democracy 9 education1 namely ! m5tal te/1 by means ( :i* a *ild may be recogniz$ = 8 own ability1 reg>dless ( age1 sex1 race1 cre$1 or economic condition4 ,h[ %all we z educators utilize ?is in/rum5t ( g5u9e democracy8 ,h[ %all we proce$ "u conditions 9 :i* ! f\nd+ fa!rs are n[ mi/ak5 by _m citiz5s to h proclaim$ & promis$ biological equality6 ,p]haps we %\ld take ano!r leaf f ! book ( ! ,fr5* ,republic1 :]e ! delusion ( biological equality has always be5 successfully avoid$2 :]e ! ,/ate cont9ually reviews its attempt to secure equality ( opportunity by explicit ef=ts to f9d & fo/] ! natural lite1 & to "k :]e ! gift$ are locat$ 9 ! ,fr5* population4 #aa ,we may also consid] ! ,belgian policies1 ) reg>d to subsidy ( ! gift$1 #ab ,ce pr9cipe fondam5tal3 ,que *aque enfant1 quelle que soit la situation de =tune des p>5ts1 soit mis en tat d'acqurir p> l'in/ruction t\t le dveloppem5t intellectuel et pr(essionnel dont il e/ capable4 ,all ! que/ions "h rais$ call = def9ite answ]s at ! pres5t "t4 ,su* que/ions c\ld n be effectively rais$ prior to ! tw5tie? c5tury1 because psy*ologi/s _h n previ\sly advanc$ to a po9t ( supply+ a sci5tific me?od ( det]m9+ intellig5ce 9 *ildhood4 ,x is ! mo/ significant contribution ( psy*ology to education1 9 ?is c5tury--& p]haps 9 all c5turies--t we are n[ enabl$ to "k ! m5tal calib] ( a human be+ 9 8 e>ly ye>s4 ,m & m x becomes cle> t human welf>e on ! :ole is mu* m a matt] ( ! activities ( deviates ?an x is a matt] ( :at ! middle mass ( p]sons does4 ,^? educators :o make a joke ( ! g5ius & reg>d ! dull>d z a m]e figm5t ( ! imag9ation ( psy*ologi/s1 or :o solve ! educational problems :i* ^! *ildr5 pres5t by ! simple device ( n believ+ 9 !m1 fiddle :ile ,rome burns4 ,x is ! deviate :o takes ! initiative & plays ! prim>y "p 9 social det]m9ation4 ,h[ %all we1 !n1 educate him 9 a democracy8 #a ,repr9t$ f ,! ,j\rnal ( ,educational ,sociology 7,octob]1 #aici71 pages #ij-ajb4 #b ,bridgman1 ,amy ,s4 ,my ,valuable ,"t3 ,! ,/ory ( ,paul ,bridgman ,boyd4 7#aji pages47 ,/eph5 ,daye ,press1 ,brattleboro1 ,v]mont2 #aich4 #c ,holl+wor?1 ,leta ,s4 ,! ,f\nd+ ( ,public ,s*ool #ejj3 ,spey] ,s*ool1 ,tea*]s ,college ,record1 ,vol4 #cg 7,novemb]1 #aicf71 pages #aai-abh4 #d ,holl+wor?1 ,leta ,s4 ,an ,enri*m5t ,curriculum = ,rapid ,le>n]s at ,public ,s*ool #ejj3 ,spey] ,s*ool1 ,tea*]s ,college ,record1 ,vol4 #ci 7,janu>y1 #aich71 ,pages #bif-cjf4 ,see also ,*apt] #ba ( ?is book4 #e ,lamson1 ,e4 ,e4 ,a ,/udy ( ,"y ,gift$ ,*ildr5 9 ,s5ior ,high ,s*ool4 ,contributions to ,education ,no4 #dbd 7#aag pages74 ,bureau ( ,publications1 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york2 #aicj4 #f ,lamson1 ,e4 ,e4 ,high ,s*ool ,a*ievem5t ( ,fifty-,six ,gift$ ,*ildr54 ,j\rnal ( ,g5etic ,psy*ology1 ,vol4 #dg 7#aice71 pages #bcc-bch4 #g ,holl+wor?1 ,leta ,s4 ,! ,*ild ( ,v ,sup]ior ,intellig5ce z a ,special ,problem 9 ,social ,adju/m5t4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,fir/ ,int]national ,congress on ,m5tal ,hygi5e1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 pages #dg-fi4 ,! ,int]national ,committee = ,m5tal ,hygi5e1 ,inc41 ,new ,york2 #aicb4 #h ,t]man1 ,lewis ,m4 ,! ,measurem5t ( ,intellig5ce 7#cfb pages74 ,h\ghton ,miffl9 ,company1 ,bo/on2 #aiaf4 ,also1 ,t]man1 ,lewis ,m4 ,g5etic ,/udies ( ,g5ius1 ,vol4 ,i 7#ffc pages74 ,/an=d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,/an=d ,univ]sity1 ,cali=nia2 #aibe4 #i ,web/]'s ,new ,int]national ,diction>y1 #aice4 #aj ,butl]1 ,ni*olas ,murray4 ,is ,?omas ,jeff]son ! ,=gott5 ,man8 ,address deliv]$ at ! ,p>ri% ,art ,museum1 ,s\?ampton1 ,septemb] #a1 #aice4 ,publi%$ at #dje ,we/ #aag? ,/reet1 ,new ,york4 #aa ,b\gl1 ,c4 ,enqutes sur le ,baccalaurat4 7#abj pages47 ,librairie ,ha*ette1 ,p>is2 #aice4 #ab ,bauw5s1 ,lon4 ,fonds des mieux d\s4 7,c9quime dition1 #gg pages47 ,librairie ,alb]t ,dewit1 ,bruxelles2 #aibg4