,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,obvi\s punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,m detail c be f\nd at ! end ( ! book4 ,,fir/ ,,lessons ,,9 ,,! ,,maori ,,language ,,) ,a ,,%ort ,,vocabul>y ,,by ,w4 ,l4 ,,williams1 ,b4 ,a4 ,illu/ration3 7colophon7 ,,london3 ,,tr,,bn] ,,co4 #fj1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 #ahfb4 ,,preface4 ,! object ( ! foll[+ pages is n to give any?+ l a complete treatise on ! ,maori language1 nor ev5 a complete outl9e ( ,maori ,gramm>2 b r to furni%1 9 z small a compass z possible1 "s practical h9ts on ! ord9>y modes ( us+ ! diff]5t p>ts ( spee*2 & to cle> away "s ( ! difficulties :i* are mo/ likely to occur to "o :o is mak+ 8 fir/ acqua9tance ) ! language2 &1 ,i %\ld add1 to d ?is to ! satisfaction1 9 "s degree at lea/1 ( ^? :o are will+ to avail !mselves ( my guidance4 ,h[ f> ,i h succe$$ su* p]sons mu/ decide4 ,!re are d\btless "s ?+s--probably n a few--:i* are n ev5 "h allud$ to1 b :i* might be advantage\sly set d[n1 ev5 9 a small "w l ?is3 b ! task ( selection has n prov$ altoge!r an easy "o4 ,i h _h to settle a priori :at po9ts are1 & :at are n likely to pres5t difficulty to an ,engli% /ud5t ( ! ,maori language4 ,9 do+ ?is ,i c\ld n fall back on my own exp]i5ce 9 le>n+ ! language1 = ,maori has nev] be5 exactly a /range language to me1 & ,i h _h b little opportunity ( avail+ myself ( ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs4 ,i %all be glad !re=e to receive any sugge/ions :i* may help 9 any way to r5d] ?is little book m useful to ^? = ^: use x is int5d$4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i may be all[$ to (f] "o caution2 & t is1 t x is n easy to le>n to speak a language m]ely f books4 ,books1 prop]ly us$1 are ( great s]vice2 & 9 ! pres5t case ,maunsell's ,gramm> w repay a c>eful /udy3 b !re is no s*ool = le>n+ to speak any giv5 language l frequ5t int]c\rse ) ! p :o use t language & no o!r4 ,turanga1 ,april #ac1 #ahfb4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i4 ,i4 ,,on ,,read+ #c ,,ii4 ,,n\ns ,,& ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns #e ,,iii4 ,,def9itives #ab ,,iv4 ,,adjectives #ah ,v4 ,,num]als #bj ,,vi4 ,,s5t5ces ,,)\t ,,v]bs #bc ,,vii4 ,,v]bs #cj ,,viii4 ,,adjectives ,,& ,,p>ticiples #dj ,,ix4 ,,relative ,,clauses #dd ,x4 ,,adv]bs #dh ,,xi4 ,,prepositions #di ,,xii4 ,,h1 ,,_h c4 #eb ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,vocabul>y #ed ,,"p ,i4 ,i4 ,,on ,,read+4 #a4 ,,! ,,alphabet consi/s ( ! foll[+ fifte5 lett]s3 ,,=m4 ,,"n4 ,,s\nd4 ,a a a fa!r ,e e e send ,h h ha ,i i i hit ,k k ka ,m m ma ,n n na ,ng ng nga sing+ ,o o o obey1 )\t ! w s\nd ,p p pa g5]ally connect$ ) ,r r ra x 9 ,engli%4 ,t t ta ,u u u boot ,w w wa ,: : :a #b4 ,,pronunciation4 ,^? lett]s :i* h n ! pronunciation m>k$ 9 ! above table may be pron\nc$ z 9 ,engli%3 t & r1 h[ev] are articulat$ f>!r =w>d 9 ! m\? 9 ,maori ?an !y are 9 ,engli%2 & : is n1 z x is writt51 a lett] comp\nd$ ( w & h1 b a simple consonant1 ! effect ( brea? emitt$ sm>tly betwe5 ! lips2 ! same s\nd1 9 %ort1 z is made 9 bl[+ f ! m\?4 ,ng1 z us$ 9 ,maori to beg9 a syllable1 is f\nd difficult by "s p2 b ! difficulty may soon be ov]come by be>+ 9 m9d t ! position ( ! organs ( spee* is ! same = ?is lett] z = g & k1 to :i* x /&s 9 ! same relation t m does to b & p1 & n to d & t4 ,pron\nce ! ?ree lett]s successively ) ! ,maori v[el a1 ?us2 ka1 ga1 nga1 & practise ?is till ! lett] is ma/]$4 ,! v[els h ea* b "o s\nd1 ?\gh !y may all v>y 9 l5g? 9 diff]5t words4 ,:5 two /& toge!r 9 a ^w1 ! fir/ ( ! two is g5]ally pron\nc$ m /rongly ?an ! o!r4 ,! d\bl+ ( a v[el am\nts simply to a l5g!n+ ( x4 ,! consonants always /& s+ly1 & e syllable ends ) a v[el4 #c4 ,,caution4 ,be c>eful always to give ea* v[el its own s\nd1 & s to avoid confusion betwe5 ae & ai1 z 9 ! words waewae & wai2 betwe5 ao & au1 z 9 ! words tao & tau2 betwe5 ou & u1 z 9 ! words k\t\ & mutu4 ,,ii4 ,,n\ns ,,& ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns4 #d4 ,! n\ns h no ,,inflexions1 nor any di/9ctions ( ,,g5d] to affect grammatical con/ruction4 ,,obs4 ,! common int]rogative pron\n aha1 :at1 is treat$ z a common n\n4 #e4 ,,numb]4 ,! numb] ( a common n\n is d5ot$ #a4 by a l5g!n$ pronunciation ( c]ta9 words = ! plural1 z 9 ! foll[+3 ,,s+ul>4 ,,plural4 ,mtua1 p>5t4 ,mtua1 p>5ts4 ,tpuna1 ance/or4 ,tpuna1 ance/ors4 ,tngata1 man4 ,tngata1 m54 ,wh9e1 woman4 ,wh9e1 wom54 ,tuh9e1 si/] 7( a man74 ,tuh9e1 si/]s4 ,tukana1 eld] bro!r4 ,tukana1 eld] bro!rs4 ,! ^w tamaiti1 *ild1 is only us$ 9 ! s+ul>1 ! plural be+ tam>iki4 #b4 by ! numb] ( ! def9itive 9 connexion ) ! n\n4 ,see #ad1 #ae4 #f4 ,,nom9al ,,prefix a4 ,use ! nom9al prefix a ) names ( p]sons #a4 :5 !y /& z subject 9 a s5t5ce2 #b4 :5 !y foll[ any ( ! prepositions ki1 i1 hei1 or kei4 ,use x ) p]sonal pron\ns 7except ahau7 only :5 !y foll[ ! prepositions ki1 i1 hei1 or kei2 or :5 !y are repeat$ by way ( explanation3 n ord9>ily :5 !y /& z subject 9 a s5t5ce4 ,use x ) names ( places & n\ns ( locality 7 #aj7 only :5 !y /& z subject 9 a s5t5ce1 or are repeat$ by way ( explanation4 ,,examples4 ,ka ora a ,hoani1 ,hoani is well4 ,kei a ,tamati to hoiho1 ,y\r horse is 9 ! possession ( ,tamati4 ,ma ,pita t5ei1 ,?is is = ,pita4 ,he taone a ,ak>ana1 ,auckl& is a t[n4 ,homai ki a au1 give x to me4 ,ka w]a a waho o te rakau1 ! outside ( ! tree is burnt4 #g4 ,,ma4 ,:5 any p]son is spok5 ( 9 connexion ) o!rs :om x is n necess>y to specify put ma aft] ! "n1 ?us3 ,kahutia ma1 ,kahutia & 8 companions4 ,also :5 address+ m p]sons ?an "o x may be us$ ) ! diff]5t =ms ( address1 ?us3 ,e hoa ma6 ,fri5ds6 ,) ! pron\ns ,wai8 & mea x makes a k9d ( plural4 ,a wai ma8 ,:o8 7pl47 ,a mea ma1 su* & su* p]sons4 #h4 ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns4 ,! p]sonal pron\ns h ?ree numb]s1 ,s+ul>1 ,dual1 & ,plural1 z %ewn by ! foll[+ table4 ,,table ,,( ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns4 ,,s+ul>4 ,,dual4 ,,plural4 #a/ ,p]son ,ahau1 or au ,maua ,mat\ #a/ includ4 #bnd4 ,taua ,tat\ #bnd ,p]son ,koe ,korua ,k\t\ #crd ,p]son ,ia ,raua ,rat\ ,int]rog4 ,wai8 ,wai ma8 ,wai ma8 ,indef4 ,mea ,mea ma ,mea ma ,( ! dual & plural pron\ns ( ! fir/ p]son1 taua & tat\ include ! p]son or p]sons spok5 to1 :ile maua & mat\ exclude !m4 #i4 ,! ,,s+ul> ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns ahau1 ,i1 koe1 ?\1 ia1 he1 become respectively -ku1 -u1 -na1 :5 !y foll[ ! possessive prepositions a1 o1 (1 na1 no1 belong+ to1 ma1 mo1 =1 & ! comp\nds ta1 & to 7:i* consi/ ( ! article te & ! prepositions a & o74 ,ow+ to ?is irregul>ity ! preposition & pron\n 9 ea* case are g5]ally writt5 z "o ^w4 ,ahau1 ,i2 aku1 or oku1 ( me2 naku1 or noku1 belong+ to me1 m9e2 maku1 or moku1 = me2 taku or toku1 my 7lit]ally te a ku1 ! 444 ( me47 ,koe1 ?\2 au1 or ou1 ( !e2 nau1 or n\1 belong+ to !e1 ?9e2 mau1 or m\1 = !e2 tau1 or t\1 ?y4 ,ia1 he or %e2 ana1 or ona1 ( him2 nana1 or nona1 belong+ to him1 82 mana1 or mona1 = him2 tana1 or tona1 84 #aj4 ,,n\ns ,,( ,,locality1 :i* h ! nom9al prefix a2 #f4 ,ko1 t place 7at a di/ance71 yond]4 ,konei1 ?is place 7ne> ! speak]74 ,kona1 t place 7ne> ! p]son spok5 to74 ,reira1 t place 7be=e m5tion$74 ,runga1 ! top4 ,r>o1 ! bottom4 ,roto1 ! inside4 ,waho1 ! outside4 ,tawahi1 ! o!r side 7( a riv]1 valley c474 ,tua1 ! o!r side 7( a hill1 h\se c474 ,tatahi1 ! sea %ore 7z oppos$ to places inl&74 ,tahaki1 ! %ore 7z oppos$ to ! wat]74 ,uta1 ! dry l& 7z oppos$ to ! wat]74 ---- inl& places 7oppos$ to tatahi74 ,mua1 ! front4 ,muri1 ! re>4 ,wa5ganui1 ! mid/4 #aa4 ,:5 n\ns are ,,9 ,,apposition 7i4 e4 :5 a second n\n is add$ to expla9 ! fir/71 repeat ! preposition c4 ( ! fir/ n\n ) ! second1 & place ! mo/ g5]al n\n fir/1 ! mo/ p>ticul> aft]w>ds4 ,,examples4 ,ko toku hoa ko ,hemi1 x is my fri5d ,hemi4 ,he kai ma tona tupuna ma ,paora1 food = 8 gr&fa!r ,paora4 ,9 ^! examples1 toku hoa1 & tona tupuna1 are m g5]al t]ms ?an ,hemi & ,paora1 & !y !re=e /& fir/2 & ko & ma are repeat$ ) ! p>ticul> names ,hemi & ,paora4 #ab4 ,,common ,,n\ns ,,& ,,adjectives4 ,all common n\ns may be us$ z adjectives4 ,,examples4 ,he :>e papa1 a bo>d$ h\se4 ,he kakahu r95a1 a l95 g>m5t4 #ac4 ,:5 speak+ ( a numb] ( p]sons ,,collectively1 use ! dual or plural pron\ns foll[$ by ! "n1 or names1 ( ! additional p]sons1 introduc+ ea* "n ) ko4 ,,examples4 ,maua ko ,hemi1 ,hemi & ,i4 ,k\t\ ko ,hemi1 ko ,hohepa1 ,y & ,hemi & ,hohepa4 ,a ,hemi raua ko ,hoani1 ,hemi & ,hoani4 ,ki a ,hoani rat\ ko ,hemi ma1 to ,hoani1 ,hemi c4 ,,iii4 ,,def9itives4 #ad4 ,,def9itives are ^? words :i* %ew h[ f>1 or 9 :at way ! signification ( a n\n is limit$4 ,! "n !re=e w compreh5d :at are commonly kn[n z articles1 possessive pron\ns1 possessive cases ( n\ns1 & demon/rative pron\ns4 ,all ^!1 ) "o exception1 h two numb]s1 s+ul> & plural2 & all /& be=e ! n\ns ) :i* !y are connect$4 #ae4 ,,table ,,( ,,def9itives4 ,,s+ul>4 ,,plural4 ,he1 a1 or an4 ,he ---- ,te1 !4 ,nga1 !4 ,tetahi1 a1 "o1 "s4 ,etahi1 "s4 ,t5ei1 ?is4 ,enei1 ^!4 ,t5a1 t 7ne> ! p]son ,ena1 ^? 7ne> ! p]son spok5 to74 spok5 to74 ,t]a1 t 7at a di/ance74 ,era1 ^? 7at a di/ance74 ,taua1 t 7be=e m5tion$74 ,aua1 ^? 7be=e m5tion$74 ,ia1 t4 7,no plural47 ,tehea8 :i*8 ,ehea8 :i*8 ,taku1 my4 ,aku1 my4 ,toku1 my4 ,oku1 my4 ,tau1 ?y4 ,au1 ?y4 ,t\1 ?y4 ,ou1 ?y4 ,to1 ?y4 ,o1 ?y4 ,tana1 81 or h]4 ,ana1 81 or h]4 ,tona1 81 or h]4 ,ona1 81 or h]4 ,ta taua1 our4 ,a taua1 our4 ,to taua1 our4 ,o taua1 our4 ,ta tat\1 our4 ,a tat\1 our4 ,to tat\1 our4 ,o tat\1 our4 ,& s on ) all ! o!r p]sonal pron\ns1 ) names ( p]sons1 or places1 ) n\ns ( locality 7 #aj71 & ) all common n\ns :5 !y foll[ any def9itive except he1 by prefix+ ta1 or to1 = ! s+ul>1 & a1 or o1 = ! plural4 ,,examples4 ,toku :>e1 my h\se4 ,enei hoiho1 ^! horses4 ,he :>e1 a h\se1 or h\ses4 ,ta ,hemi pukapuka1 ,hemi's book4 ,to t5ei tangata kaa+a1 ?is man's dwell+place4 #af4 ,,peculi>ities ,,( he ,,& te4 7a7 ,nev] use he aft] a preposition1 b sub/itute tetahi1 ?us3 ,he tangata1 a man4 ,ki tetahi tangata1 to a man4 7b7 ,:5 a common n\n is us$ to d5ote a class1 z ! simple plural is (t5 us$ 9 ,engli%1 use te 9 ! s+ul>1 & n he1 ?us3 ,he k>>ehe kaha te hoiho1 ! horse is a /rong bea/4 ,te hoiho1 ! horse2 i4 e4 horses 9 g5]al4 #ag4 ,,possessive ,,prepositions foll[+ ,def9itives4 7a7 ,:5 a possessive foll[s he1 always use ei!r ( ! prepositions na1 or no1 nev] a1 or o4 ,,examples4 ,he pukapuka naku1 a book ( m9e1 or belong+ to me4 ,he :>e no t5ei tangata1 a h\se belong+ to ?is man1 or ( ?is man's4 7b7 ,:5 a possessive foll[s any o!r def9itive1 except he1 always use ei!r ( ! prepositions a1 or o1 nev] na1 or no4 ,,examples4 ,te pukapuka a ,pita1 ,pita's book4 ,t5ei taha oku1 ?is side ( me4 ,taua :>a o ,hemi1 t h\se ( ,hemi's4 #ah4 ,( ! ,,demon/ratives1 t5a d5otes t ! ?+ spok5 ( is ne>1 or 9 "s way connect$ ) ! p]son spok5 to2 t]a1 t x is at a di/ance f or unconnect$ ) ei!r ! speak] or ! p]son spok5 to2 taua1 t x has be5 already m5tion$4 ,ia is g5]ally us$ di/ributively = ea*1 bo? x & ! n\n be+ repeat$4 ,t5ei1 t5a1 & t]a may also be us$ 9 ! same way4 ,,examples4 ,ia tangata ia tangata1 ea* man4 ,t5ei rp t5ei rp o rat\1 ea* company ( !m4 ,t]a is (t5 us$ 9 an emphatic way = ! p]sonal pron\n ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul>4 ,t5ei1 t5a1 & t]a (t5 /& alone1 ! n\n be+ und]/ood1 b taua is nev] us$ 9 ?is way4 ,,examples4 ,naku t5ei1 nau t5a1 ?is is m9e1 t is y\rs4 ,ne rangatira taua tangata1 t man is a *ief4 #ai4 ,,! ,,diff]5ce ,,betwe5 a ,,& o1 :i* applies also to na1 no1 ma1 mo1 ta1 to1 is ?is2 a is active1 & o is passive1 t is to say1 a is us$ ) ref]5ce to ! ag5t1 o ) ref]5ce to ! p]son or ?+ act$ ^u1 ?us3 ,taku patunga i a koe1 my /rik+ y4 ,toku patunga e koe1 my be+ /ruck by y4 ,!y are also /rictly correlatives1 a hav+ ref]5ce to ! sup]ior1 & o to ! inf]ior1 ?us3 ,toku pp1 my fa!r4 ,tana tamaiti1 8 *ild4 ,tona rangatira1 8 ma/]4 ,he pononga nana1 a s]vant ( 84 ,always use o 9 speak+ ( memb]s ( ! body1 clo!s1 h\ses1 names1 m$ic9e1 wat] = dr9k+1 wa%+ c41 b a 9 speak+ ( "w1 food c4 ,,examples4 ,tona kakahu1 8 g>m5t4 ,ou waewae1 y\r feet4 ,he kai mau1 food = y4 ,tetahi wai moku1 "s wat] = me4 ,t\ +oa1 y\r "n4 ,taku +oa m\1 my "n = y 7i4 e4 :i* ,i h giv5 y74 ,,obs4 ,to1 ?y1 plural o1 resembles tau r ?an t\ 9 ! way 9 :i* x is us$1 ?\gh x (t5 appe>s to be us$ indiscrim9ately = ei!r4 ,,iv4 ,,adjectives4 #bj4 ,,g5d]1 ,,numb] c4 ,adjectives h no di/9ctions ( g5d]1 numb]1 or case1 & always /& aft] ! n\ns :i* !y qualify4 ,,examples4 ,he :>e pai1 a good h\se4 ,tana hoiho nui1 8 l>ge horse4 ,,note4 ,!re are "s adjectives :i* 9 /rict usage are only plural1 & !y always h ! fir/ syllable repeat$4 ,,examples4 ,he rakau ririki1 small trees4 ,nga tangata roroa1 ! tall m54 #ba4 ,,degrees ,,( ,,comp>ison are express$ by ! adv]bs atu1 or ake = ! comp>ative degree1 & t9o1 or rawa1 ) ! def9ite article te = ! sup]lative degree4 ,t9o or rawa1 ) ! indef9ite article he =m an int5se comp>ative4 ,,obs4 ,t9o always /&s be=e ! adjective & rawa aft] x4 ,,examples4 ,he mea pai atu i t5a1 a bett] ?+ ?an t4 ,te mea pai rawa1 ! be/ ?+4 ,he mea t9o pai1 a v good ?+4 ,te mea t9o pai rawa1 ! v be/ ?+4 ,he mea pai rawa i t5a1 a f> bett] ?+ ?an t4 #bb4 ,:5 two or m adjectives are us$ to qualify ! same n\n1 repeat ! n\n ) ea*1 or sub/itute mea = ! n\n aft] ! fir/ "t4 ,,examples4 ,he :>e k[hatu1 he :>e pai1 a good /one h\se4 ,he pukapuka nui1 he mea taimaha1 a l>ge heavy book4 ,v4 ,,num]als4 ,i4 ,,c>d9al ,,numb]s4 #bc4 ,,table ,,( ,,c>d9al ,,numb]s4 ,hia8 h[ _m8 #a ,tahi1 or ,kotahi4 #b ,rua4 #c ,toru4 #d ,:a4 #e ,rima4 #f ,ono4 #g ,:itu4 #h ,w>u4 #i ,iwa4 #aj ,tekau1 or ,ngahuru4 #aa ,tekau ma tahi4 #ab ,tekau ma rua4 #ac ,tekau ma toru4 #ad ,tekau ma :a4 #bj ,rua tekau4 #ba ,rua tekau ma tahi4 #cj ,toru tekau4 #dj ,:a tekau4 #ajj ,kotahi rau4 #aja ,kotahi rau ma tahi4 #abc ,kotahi rau e rua tekau ma toru4 #ajjj ,kotahi mano4 #bjja ,e rua mano ma tahi4 #bchd ,e rua mano e toru rau e w>u tekau ma :a4 #bd4 ,9 ,,c\nt+ use ka be=e ! num]al1 ?us3 ,ka hia8 h[ _m8 does t make8 ,ka tahi1 "o2 ka rua1 two2 ka toru1 ?ree c42 ka tekau1 t52 ka tekau ma tahi1 elev52 ka rua tekau1 tw5ty2 ka kotahi rau ka rua tekau ma rima1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty five4 ,9 ask+ = any numb] ( ?+s use kia 9 ! same way be=e ! num]al1 ?us3 ,mauria mai etahi toki kia rua1 br+ two axes4 ,kia hia8 h[ _m8 ,kia rua1 two4 #be4 ,,) ,,n\ns4 ,:5 us$ 9 imm$iate connexion ) n\ns1 let kotahi /& = "o1 n tahi1 & put e be=e ! o!rs1 f two to n9e4 ,,examples4 ,he tangata kotahi1 "o man4 ,nga tangata e toru1 ! ?ree m54 ,he pukapuka kotahi tekau ma rua1 twelve books4 ,nga :>e e :a tekau1 ! =ty h\ses4 ,9 speak+ ( p]sons1 ! num]als =m rua to iwa inclusive1 & ! int]rogative hia1 may h toko- prefix$ in/ead ( e4 ,,examples4 ,tokohia8 h[ _m8 ,nga tangata tokoiwa1 ! n9e m54 #bf4 ,,di/ributive4 ,9 us+ ! num]als di/ributively prefix taki- to ! simple num]al1 ?us3 ,takirua1 by twos1 two & two4 ,takitahi1 s+ly1 or by ones4 ,,ii4 ,,ord9als4 #bg ,ord9als us$ ,,absolutely1 i4 e4 n 9 imm$iate connexion ) n\ns1 are express$ by ! simple num]al ) te1 ?us3 ,te tahi1 ! fir/4 ,te rua1 ! second4 ,te hia8 ,:i* 9 ord]8 #bh4 ,,z ,,adjectives4 ,:5 us+ ord9als z adjectives 9 imm$iate connexion ) n\ns prefix tua- to ! simple num]al f "o to n9e1 ?us3 ,te tangata tuatahi1 ! fir/ man4 ,above n9e1 )\t tua-1 ?us3 ,te tekau o nga hoiho1 ! t5? ( ! horses1 or ! t5? horse4 ,te rua tekau ma toru o nga :>e1 ! tw5ty ?ird ( ! h\ses1 or ! tw5ty ?ird h\se4 ,,vi4 ,,s5t5ces ,,)\t ,,v]bs4 #bi4 ,,subject ,,& ,,pr,,dicate4 ,! ,subject 9 a s5t5ce is t ( :i* any?+ is said4 ,! ,prdicate is t :i* is said ( ! ,subject4 ,,examples4 ,john is a boy4 ,john runs4 ,9 bo? ^! ,john is ! ,subject3 a boy1 & runs are ,prdicates4 ,! ,subject & ,prdicate d n always occupy ! same relative positions 9 ,engli%1 = ?\gh ! ,subject is g5]ally plac$ fir/1 x is sometimes plac$ la/1 especially 9 poetry4 ,x w be suffici5tly accurate = ! purposes ( ?is *apt] to consid] ! ,prdicate id5tical ) ! mo/ emphatic memb] ( ! s5t5ce4 #cj4 ,,sub/antive ,,v]b4 ,9 ,engli%1 :5 ! prdicate is n a v]b1 ! v]b to be1 commonly call$ ! sub/antive v]b1 is us$ to connect ! prdicate ) its subject4 ,?is v]b has no equival5t 9 ,maori1 b its place is suppli$ by ! relative position ( ! diff]5t words 9 ! s5t5ce4 #ca4 ,,9 ,,affirmative ,,s5t5ces1 ! prdicate /&s fir/1 & ! subject aft] x2 & two n\ns1 or an adjective & n\n1 plac$ 9 ^! relative positions =m a s5t5ce al?\gh )\t a v]b4 ,9 negative s5t5ces1 ?is relative position is app>5tly 7 #cd7 rev]s$4 ,s5t5ces ( ?is k9d are made ei!r )1 or )\t ! p>ticle ko4 #cb4 ,,use ko1 :5 ! prdicate is ei!r #a4 ,a prop] "n1 or p]sonal pron\n1 a n\n ( locality 7 #aj71 or ei!r ( ! int]rogatives wai1 or hea4 #b4 ,a common n\n ) any ( ! def9itives except he4 ,,examples4 ,ko ia t5ei1 ?is is he4 ,ko ,hemi tona +oa1 8 "n is ,hemi4 ,ko toku :>e t]a1 t is my h\se4 #cc4 ,,)\t ko4 ,make a s5t5ce )\t ko :5 ! prdicate is ei!r #a4 ,a common n\n1 an adjective1 or a v]b ) ! article he4 #b4 ,a n\n or pron\n1 v]b1 or adjective foll[+ a preposition4 ,9 bo? ^! cases1 ! v]b or adjective is treat$ z a n\n4 ,,examples4 ,he hanga :>e tana mahi1 8 "w is to build h\ses4 ,i te mahi a ,wiremu1 ,wiremu 0 at "w4 ,kei hea he :>e mo taua8 ,:]e is !re a h\se = u8 ,noku te potae mangu1 ! black hat is m9e4 #cd4 ,,pr,,dicate ,,( ,,_m ,,words4 ,:5 ! prdicate consi/s ( _m words1 ! mo/ emphatic ^w g5]ally /&s alone 9 ! place ( ! prdicate1 ! re/ be+ plac$ aft] ! subject4 ,?is is ! case :5 ! prdicate conta9s an explanatory or a relative clause2 or a clause 9 any o!r way dep5d5t on ! pr9cipal ^w4 ,?is also acc\nts = ! app>5t rev]s+ ( ! positions ( subject & prdicate 9 negative s5t5ces1 ! negation be+ ! mo/ prom95t ?+ 9 su* s5t5ces4 ,,examples4 ,he tangata t5ei no ,ak>ana1 ?is is a man f ,auckl&4 ,ko te tangata t]a e mohio ana ki te :akairo rakau1 t is ! man :o und]/&s c>v+ wood4 #ce4 ,,negatives4 ,! negatives ( s5t5ces ) ko are always made ) eh>a 444 i1 ko be+ dropp$4 ,,examples4 ,eh>a t5ei i a ia1 ?is is n he4 ,eh>a tona +oa i a ,hemi1 8 "n is n ,hemi4 7,see above1 #cd47 ,! negatives ( s5t5ces )\t ko are made sometimes ) eh>a 444 i & sometimes ) kahore4 ,^? ( class #a1 9 #cc are always ) eh>a 444 i4 ,,examples4 ,eh>a t5ei i te :>e1 ?is is n a h\se4 ,see #af 7b74 ,eh>a tana i te pukapuka pai1 8 is n a good book4 ,( ^? 9 class #b1 #cc1 :5 ! preposition is na1 or no1 ! negative is made ) eh>a 444 i1 & ! preposition dropp$4 ,,example4 ,eh>a i a ia te potae mangu1 ! black hat is n 84 ,:5 ! preposition is ma or mo signify+ =1 use eh>a i te mea1 reta9+ ! preposition4 ,eh>a i te mea mau te pukapuka1 ! book is n = y4 ,:5 ! preposition is hei signify+ at1 or 9 possession (1 use kauaka4 ,,examples4 ,kauaka hei kona te pukapuka1 let n ! book be !re4 ,kauaka hei a ,hemi taku pu1 let n my gun be 9 ! possession ( ,hemi4 ,:5 ! preposition is kei1 or i signify+ at1 or 9 possession (1 use kahore = ! negative1 ) ! preposition i only & nev] kei4 ,,examples4 ,kei hea te hoiho8 ,kahore i konei4 ,:]e is ! horse8 ,x is n "h4 ,kahore i a ia to pukapuka1 y\r book is n 9 8 possession4 #cf4 ,,int]rogative ,,s5t5ces d n diff] 9 =m f ^? :i* are n int]rogative4 ,^? :i* are n ess5tially su* f ! mean+ ( ! words1 are %ewn to be s by ! tone ) :i* !y are utt]$4 ,^? :i* are ess5tially int]rogative are ^? :i* conta9 an int]rogative pron\n or adv]b4 ,,examples4 ,he hoiho tau8 ,h y a horse8 ,n\ t5a potae8 ,is t hat y\rs8 ,na wai t5ei m>a8 ,^: is ?is cultivation8 ,he kai ranei kei roto i te :>e8 ,is !re any food 9 ! h\se8 ,kahore o pukapuka maku8 ,h y no book = me8 #cg4 ,! ,,"t ( ^! s5t5ces )\t v]bs may1 z f> z ! =m ( ! s5t5ce is conc]n$1 be ei!r pa/1 pres5t1 or future4 ,:5 x is n %ewn by ! ess5tial mean+ ( any ( ! words x mu/ be ga!r$ f ! context4 ,if no clue to ! "t is giv51 :at is said w be und]/ood 9 pres5t "t4 ,,examples4 ,kahore aku pukapuka inanahi1 ,i _h no book ye/]day4 ,e hia nga hoiho mana8 ,h[ _m horses are !re = him8 ,,vii4 ,,v]bs4 #ch4 ,,voice ,,& ,,t5se4 ,! only inflexion ( ! orig9al =m ( ! v]b is 9 ! =mation ( ! ,passive ,voice1 & consi/s 9 ! addition ( a ,passive t]m9ation to ! ,active =m4 ,diff]5ces ( ,t5se are d5ot$ by c]ta9 auxili>y p>ticles1 ! same =m 9 ea* case s]v+ = all p]sons & numb]s4 ,"s ( ^! p>ticles v>y1 or are diff]5tly us$ 9 negative s5t5ces1 & "s ( ! t5ses h _! own peculi> negative adv]b1 & admit ( no o!r1 z w be se5 9 ! foll[+ example4 ,,active ,,voice4 #ci4 ,,indicative ,,mood4 #a4 ,,pres5t4 ,e pupuri ana ahau1 ,i hold1 or am hold+4 ,kahore ahau e pupuri ana1 ,i am n hold+4 #b4 ,,p]fect4 ,kua pupuri ahau1 ,i h held4 ,kahore ahau kia pupuri1 ,i h n held4 #c4 ,,pa/4 ,i pupuri ahau1 ,i held4 ,kihai ahau i pupuri1 ,i did n hold4 #d4 ,,future4 ,e pupuri ahau1 ,i %all hold4 ,e kore ahau e pupuri1 ,i %all n hold4 ,t]a ahau e pupuri1 ,i %all hold4 ,t]a ahau e kore e pupuri1 ,i %all n hold4 #e4 ,,transitional4 ,ka pupuri ahau1 ,i became 7or %all become7 hold+4 ,ka kore ahau e pupuri1 ,i became 7or %all become7 n hold+4 #dj4 ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,t5ses4 ,! ,pres5t & ,p]fect may be also us$ ei!r 9 ,pa/ "t1 or 9 ,future "t1 :5 !y respectively become ei!r 7a7 ,pa/ ,imp]fect1 & 7b7 ,pa/ ,p]fect1 or 7c7 ,future ,imp]fect1 & 7d7 ,future ,p]fect4 ,9 ! ,future ! addition ( t]a gives emphasis4 ,! ,transitional d5otes a transition or *ange f "o /ate or action to ano!r2 or ! comm5cem5t ( a new action or condition1 & may be ei!r 7e7 ,pa/ or 7f7 ,future3 ! actual "t to be det]m9$ by ! context4 ,,examples4 7a7 ,te ta5ga mai o ,rewi e kokoti witi ana ahau1 :5 ,rewi arriv$ ,i 0 cutt+ :eat4 7b7 ,te ta5ga mai o ,rewi1 kahore ano ahau kia hopu i te hoiho1 :5 ,rewi arriv$ ,i _h n yet caught ! horse4 7c7 ,kia tae mai a ,hori apopo e hopu ana ahau i te hoiho1 :5 ,hori arrives to-morr[ ,i %all be cat*+ ! horse4 7d7 ,kia hoki mai k\t\ i ,waiapu kua hauhakea aku kum>a1 :5 y return f ,waiapu my kum>a w h be5 dug up4 7e7 ,no to k>angatanga i a ,hemi ka ha]e atu ia ki a koe1 :5 y call$ ,hemi he w5t to y4 7f7 ,kia hoki mai koe ka hanga ahau i toku :>e1 :5 y return ,i %all build my h\se4 ,9 ! two la/ examples1 he w5t1 &1 ,i %all build1 bo? d5ote ! comm5cem5t ( a fre% action4 #da4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 #a4 ,,pres5t4 ,me e pupuri ana ahau1 if ,i 7 hold+4 ,me kahore ahau e pupuri ana1 if ,i 7 n hold+4 #b4 ,,pa/4 ,me i pupuri ahau1 if ,i _h held4 ,me i kahore ahau i pupuri1 if ,i _h n held4 #c4 ,,future4 ,ki te pupuri ahau1 if ,i %\ld hold4 ,ki te kore ahau e pupuri1 if ,i %\ld n hold4 ,9 ! ,pres5t & ,pa/ x is impli$ t ! contr>y to ! alt]native express$ is ! fact4 ,9 ! ,future simple unc]ta9ty is express$4 #db4 ,,optative ,,mood4 #a4 ,) kia4 ,kia pupuri ahau1 let me hold1 or1 9 a dep5d5t s5t5ce1 t ,i may hold4 ,kaua ahau e pupuri1 let me n hold4 ,kia kaua ahau e pupuri1 t ,i may n hold4 #b4 ,) kei4 ,kei pupuri ahau1 let me n hold1 or1 le/ ,i %\ld hold4 ,kei kore ahau e pupuri1 le/ ,i %\ld n hold4 7,?is negative is only us$ 9 dep5d5t s5t5ces47 #dc4 ,,imp]ative ,,mood4 ,pupuri6 or ,e pupuri6 hold6 ,kaua e pupuri6 d n hold6 #dd4 ,,inf9itive ,,mood4 ,?is is m]ely ! v]b treat$ z a n\n1 always att5d$ by "o or o!r ( ! def9itives4 ,,examples4 ,he aha tana8 ,he pupuri i to hoiho4 ,:at is 8 object8 ,to hold y\r horse4 ,ko te mahi ahau i toku :>e1 ,i am go+ to "w at my h\se4 #de4 ,,passive ,,voice4 ,! passive voice is =m$ g5]ally by ! addition ( "o ( ! foll[+ t]m9ations to ! active3 -a1 -ia1 -hia1 -kia1 -mia1 -ngia1 -ria1 -tia1 -:ia1 -na1 -ina4 ,no rule c be laid d[n :i* t]m9ation is to be us$ ) any giv5 v]b3 "s =m ! passive ) "o only1 o!rs aga9 ) sev]al2 ! passive t]m9ation1 !re=e1 ( ea* v]b mu/ be le>nt ) ! active4 ,^? v]bs :i* h ! fir/ syllable d\bl$ 9 ! active drop ! repetition 9 ! passive2 ?us pupuri becomes 7n pupuritia1 b7 puritia4 #df4 ,,! ,,t5ses ( ! diff]5t moods 9 ! ,passive voice are =m$ 9 ! same way z 9 ! ,active1 ! passive =m ( ! v]b be+ m]ely sub/itut$ = ! active1--puritia = pupuri4 ,! ,imp]ative ,passive is n1 l ! ,imp]ative ,active1 conf9$ to ! second p]son1 b is m commonly us$ 9 ! fir/ or ?ird p]son1 ! comm& at ! same "t be+ address$ to ! second p]son4 ,,example4 ,puritia t5ei pukapuka6 be ?is book held by !e6 i4 e4 hold ?is book6 #dg4 ,,uses ,,( ,,active ,,& ,,passive4 ,! ,passive ,voice is g5]ally us$ :5 ! action is emphatic r ?an ! ag5t1 & !re=e is mu* m frequ5tly requir$ ?an ! ,active ,voice 9 /rictly active v]bs4 ,b :5 an active v]b foll[s a neut] v]b & is 9 apposition ) x1 x w reta9 ! active con/ruction ( ! neut] v]b4 ,,examples4 ,i mauria e ia te pukapuka1 ! lett] 0 tak5 by him1 i4 e4 he took ! lett]4 ,ka ha]e ahau ka mau i taku pukapuka1 ,i w g & take my lett]4 #dh4 ,,transitive ,,prepositions c4 ,e active v]b is connect$ ) its object1 or ! ?+ act$ ^u1 by ei!r ( ! prepositions i1 or ki2 "s v]bs requir+ "o1 "s ! o!r1 & "s aga9 tak+ ei!r4 ,^! prepositions 9 "s cases may be translat$ by an ,engli% preposition2 b 9 mo/ cases !y m]ely repres5t ! connexion betwe5 ! v]b & its object1 & may !re=e be call$ transitive prepositions4 ,e passive v]b is connect$ ) ! ag5t by ! preposition e1 :i* is r5d]$ by 9 ,engli%4 ,,examples4 ,:ak>ongo ki nga kupu a ,rewa1 li/5 to ! words ( ,rewa4 ,e matau ana ahau ki taua tangata1 ,i "k t man4 ,kei te tiki ia i tana hoiho1 he is fet*+ 8 horse4 ,i mahia e wai8 by :om 0 x done8 #di4 ,,ag5t ,,emphatic4 ,:5 special emphasis is to be laid on ! ag5t an irregul> con/ruction is us$1 ! preposition na be+ plac$ be=e ! subject 9 ! pa/ t5se1 & ma 9 ! future4 ,9 s5t5ces ( ?is k9d ! subject1 be+ ! mo/ emphatic memb] ( ! s5t5ce1 /&s fir/1 & ! object ei!r be=e or aft] ! v]b1 b )\t any transitive preposition4 ,?is con/ruction is n prop]ly us$ ) neut] v]bs4 ,,examples4 ,naku i pupuri t5a tangata1 ,i deta9$ t man1 i4 e4 x 0 ,i :o deta9$ him4 ,ma ,hone e hanga he :>e m\1 ,hone %all build a h\se = y4 #ej4 ,,imp]ative ,,future4 ,ano!r irregul> con/ruction is t ( ! ,imp]ative ,future ) me1 9 :i* ! v]b is active 9 =m b passive 9 s5se4 ,,examples4 ,me kawe e koe taku pukapuka1 y %all c>ry my lett] 7or1 my lett] mu/ be c>ri$ by y74 ,i mah>a ahau me patu t5ei manu1 ,i ?\ght t ?is bird 0 to be kill$4 ,?is is n us$ ) a negative4 ,! v]b ai1 !re is1 x is c4 #ea4 ,,indicative ,,mood4 #a4 ,,pres5t4 ,e ai ki tana1 or ,e ai tana1 accord+ to 8 say+ x is i4 e4 he says4 ,e ai ta wai8 :o says s8 #b4 ,,transitional4 ,ka ai he toki mana1 !re is an axe = him1 i4 e4 he has an axe4 #eb4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 #a4 ,,pres5t4 ,me e ai ana he toki1 if !re 7 an axe4 #b4 ,,future4 ,ki te ai he toki1 if !re %\ld be an axe4 #ec4 ,,optative ,,mood4 #a4 ,) kia4 ,kia ai he toki1 let !re be an axe1 i4 e4 :51 or1 z soon z !re is an axe4 #b4 ,) kei4 ,kei ai he toki1 le/ !re %\ld be an axe4 ,,viii4 ,,adjectives ,,& ,,p>ticiples,a ) ! v]b sub/antive4 #ed4 ,! place ( ! ,,sub/antive ,,v]b 9 connexion ) ,adjectives & ,p>ticiples1 is suppli$ by ! v]bal p>ticles1 ! adjective or p>ticiple be+ treat$ z ?\gh x 7 a v]b4 ,x w be se5 by ! foll[+ example ( ! adjective ora1 well1 9 heal?1 t ! notion ( becom+1 :i* is peculi>ly ! *>act]i/ic ( ! transitional1 runs m or less ?r\gh almo/ all ! t5ses4 ,! pres5t t5se ) e--ana is n requir$ ) p>ticiples4 ,a ,by p>ticiples "h are meant1 n p>ticiples d]iv$ f v]bs1 z 9 ! ,european languages1 b a class ( words ( indep5d5t orig9 :i* c only be r5d]$ into ,engli% by p>ticiples4 ,su* are oti1 complet$2 makona1 satisfi$2 pau1 consum$2 c4 #ee4 ,,indicative ,,mood4 #a4 ,,pres5t4 ,e ora ana ahau1 ,i am well4 ,kahore ahau e ora ana1 ,i am n well4 #b4 ,,p]fect4 ,kua ora ahau1 ,i h become well4 ,kahore ahau kia ora1 ,i h n become well4 #c4 ,,pa/4 ,i ora ahau1 ,i 0 well1 or became well4 ,kihai ahau i ora1 ,i 0 n well4 #d4 ,,future4 ,e ora ahau1 ,i %all be 7or become7 well4 ,e kore ahau e ora1 ,i %all n be 7or become7 well4 #e4 ,,transitional4 ,ka ora ahau1 ,i become well4 ,ka kore ahau e ora1 ,i become n well4 #ef4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 #a4 ,,pres5t4 ,me e ora ana ahau1 if ,i 7 well4 ,me kahore ahau e ora ana1 if ,i 7 n well4 #b4 ,,pa/4 ,me i ora ahau1 if ,i _h be5 well4 ,me i kahore ahau i ora1 if ,i _h n be5 well4 #c4 ,,future4 ,ki te ora ahau1 if ,i %\ld be 7or become7 well4 ,ki te kore ahau e ora1 if ,i %\ld n be 7or become7 well4 #eg4 ,,optative ,,mood4 #a4 ,) kia4 ,kia ora ahau1 t ,i %\ld be 7or become7 well4 ,kia kaua ahau e ora1 t ,i %\ld n be 7or become7 well4 #b4 ,) kei4 ,kei ora ahau1 le/ ,i %\ld be 7or become7 well4 ,kei kore ahau e ora1 le/ ,i %\ld n be 7or become7 well4 #eh4 ,! rem>ks made on ! t5ses ( ! v]bs 9 #dj1 #da are applicable also "h4 #ei4 ,,preposition i4 ,adjectives & p>ticiples are foll[$ by ! preposition i 7n e1 :i* belongs only to passive v]bs71 to d5ote ! ag5cy or in/rum5tality by :i* ! effect has be5 or is to be produc$4 ,,examples4 ,kua ora ahau i to rongoa1 ,i h become well by means ( y\r m$ic9e4 ,ka pau tana kai i te kuri1 8 food is consum$ by ! dog4 #fj4 ,,explanatory ,,v]b4 ,sometimes a v]b 9 ! inf9itive mood is add$ to a p>ticiple by way ( explanation1 & 9 t case ! preposition w be diff]5t accord+ z ! ag5t is plac$ aft] ! p>ticiple1 or aft] ! v]b4 ,if aft] ! p>ticiple1 x w be i3 if aft] ! v]b1 x w be e4 ,,example4 ,ka pau to p>aoa i te kuri te kai1 or1 ,ka pau te p>aoa te kai e te kuri1 ! bread is eat5 up by ! dog 7is consum$ by eat+74 ,,ix4 ,,relative ,,clauses4 #fa4 ,!re are ,,no ,,relative ,,pron\ns 9 ,maori4 ,_! place is suppli$ ei!r by ! position ( ! words =m+ ! relative clause2 or by ! p]sonal pron\n ( ! #crd p]son s+ul>2 or aga91 by ! use ( c]ta9 p>ticles4 #fb4 ,,:o4 ,:5 ! relative 9 ,engli% is ! subject ( a v]b 9 ! relative clause3 7a7 ,t v]b may be plac$ imm$iately aft] ! antec$5t portion ( ! s5t5ce )\t any express$ subject4 ,,examples4 ,te tangata e hanga :>e ana1 ! man :o is h\se-build+4 ,te hoiho i kitea e taua1 ! horse :i* 0 se5 by y & me4 7b7 ,if ! relative clause is pa/ or future1 ! con/ruction m5tion$ 9 #di may be us$2 ! pron\n ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul> s]v+ = all p]sons & numb]s4 ,,examples4 ,ko ,hemi te tangata nana i patu taku witi1 ! man :o ?re%$ my :eat 0 ,hemi4 ,ko nga tangata enei nana i tahu te ngah]e1 ^! are ! m5 :o set ! =e/ on fire4 #fc4 ,,:om1 ,,or ,,:i*4 ,:5 ! relative 9 ,engli% is objective1 & is gov]n$ by a v]b or by "o ( ^! prepositions3 by1 by-means-(1 on-acc\nt-(1 by-reason-(2 ! v]b 9 ! relative clause is foll[$ by nei1 na1 ra1 or ai1 )\t a preposition2 & 9 ! pres5t t5se ana aft] ! v]b is omitt$4 ,= ! =ce ( nei1 na1 & ra1 see #ah4 ,use ai only ) ! pa/ & future4 ,! subject ( ! v]b 9 ! relative clause may ei!r be express$ directly1 or x may be impli$ 9 a possessive def9itive plac$ be=e ! antec$5t4 ,,examples4 ,te :>e e hanga nei koe1 ! h\se :i* y are build+4 ,tau pukapuka e kor]o na1 t book :i* y are read+4 ,te mea e r>u ai ahau1 ! ?+ by means ( :i* ,i %all be p]plex$4 ,tau tangata i k>anga ai1 ! man :om y call$4 #fd4 ,,inv]t$ ,,con/ruction4 ,9 ^? cases 9 :i* ! relative is gov]n$ by ! v]b 9 ! relative clause ! con/ruction may be inv]t$1 by mak+ ! v]b passive 7 #dg71 ) ! relative z its subject4 ,,examples4 ,te :>e e hangaa nei e koe1 ! h\se :i* is be+ built by y4 ,te pukapuka e kor]otia na e koe1 ! book :i* is be+ read by y4 #fe4 ,,^:1 ,,= ,,:om c4 ,:5 ! relative 9 ,engli% is possessive1 or gov]n$ by any o!r preposition ?an ^? enum]at$ 9 #fc1 use ! p]sonal pron\n ( ! ?ird p]son s+ul> = all p]sons & numb]s ) ! requisite preposition4 ,,examples4 ,te iwi nona te :5ua1 ! p ^: ! l& is4 ,te tangata i hoatu nei e ahau ki a ia te pukapuka1 ! man to :om ,i gave ! book4 #ff4 ,,:osoev]4 ,!re is no equival5t 9 ,maori = ! ^w :osoev]3 x mu/ !re=e always be resolv$ into ! man :o1 ! p]sons :o1 if any man c41 b n into he :o1 or ^? :o4 ,,examples4 ,te tangata he pukapuka tana1 :oev] has a book 7! man :o c474 ,nga tangata e matau ana ki te kor]o pukapuka1 :osoev] kn[s h[ to read 7! m5 :o c474 ,x4 ,,adv]bs4 #fg4 ,,position4 ,! foll[+ adv]bs1 t9o1 v2 maatua1 fir/2 & ata1 g5tly1 q1 always /& be=e ! words :i* !y qualify2 o!r adv]bs aft] ! qualifi$ words4 ,,examples4 ,he tangata t9o pai1 a v good man4 ,kia maatua rapua te toki1 fir/ let ! axe be look$ =4 ,he k9o rawa t5a1 t is v bad4 #fh4 ,,add$ ,,t]m9ations4 ,o!r adv]bs1 :i* h ref]5ce to ! mann]1 int5sity c4 ( an action :5 !y qualify1 h ! passive t]m9ation -tia add$ to !m :5 us$ ) passive v]bs1 & ! t]m9ation -tanga :5 us$ ) v]bal n\ns4 ,,examples4 ,i ka+a otatia nga kum>a1 ! kum>a 7 eat5 raw4 ,mo tana patunga pukutanga i a au1 on acc\nt ( 8 secretly /rik+ me4 ,,xi4 ,,prepositions4 #fi4 ,,simple ,,prepositions4 ,a1 (1 belong+ to4 7,see #ai47 at1 ( future "t3 a hea8 at :at "t8 ,o1 (1 belong+ to1 passive ( a 7 #ai74 ,na1 (1 belong+ to4 7 #af1 #ai47 by1 by means (1 on acc\nt (4 ,no1 (1 belong+ to 7 #af1 #ai71 passive ( na4 f1 ( place1 b n aft] v]bs ( motion4 f1 at1 ( "t pa/4 ,ma1 =4 7 #ai47 by1 ( means4 by1 ?r\gh1 ( direction4 ,mo1 =1 passive ( ma4 at1 on1 ( "t future4 ,e1 by1 ( ag5t1 only aft] passive v]bs4 7 #dh47 ,i1 by1 ( ag5t or in/rum5t1 aft] p>ticiples1 adjectives1 & neut] v]bs4 7 #ei47 by reason (4 f1 aft] v]bs ( motion4 )1 9 possession (1 or hav+ 9 possession4 at1 ( "t1 g5]ally pa/4 at1 ( place1 g5]ally 9 "t pa/4 9 /ate (1 9 act (1 9 "t pa/1 gov]n adjectives or v]bs4 simply transitive1 no ,engli% equival5t4 7 #dh47 ,kei1 at1 ( place1 9 "t pres5t4 ) 9 possession (1 9 "t pres5t4 9 /ate (1 9 act (1 ) adjectives or v]bs 9 "t pres5t4 ,hei1 at1 ( place1 or "t1 future4 ) 9 possession (1 9 "t future4 = to s]ve z1 )\t any def9itive4 ,ki1 to1 ( place or action4 at1 or 91 ( place 9 :i* a ?+ is done c4 )1 ( in/rum5t4 accord+ to1 conc]n+4 aft] v]bs )\t any ,engli% equival5t4 7 #dh47 ,me1 )1 9 addition1 &--too4 ,ko1 to1 go+ to1 ) n\ns ( place & inf9itives ( active v]bs4 #gj4 ,,complex ,,prepositions4 ,^! are irregul> modes ( us+ "s ( ! n\ns ( locality enum]at$ 9 #aj4 ,,s]ies #a4 ,ki runga ki1 ,i runga i1 ^u1 on ! top (4 ,kei runga kei1 ,hei runga hei1 ,no runga no1 f ^u1 i4 e4 belong+ to ! top (4 ,i runga i1 f ^u1 ) special idea ( motion f4 ,mo runga mo1 = ! top (4 ,ma runga ma1 ov]1 by ! top ( 7direction74 ,ko runga ko1 to ! top (4 ,,s]ies #b4 ,ki runga i1 ,i runga i1 above1 ov]4 ,kei runga i1 ,hei runga i1 ,no runga i1 f above1 i4 e4 belong+ to t situation4 ,i runga i1 f above1 imply+ motion f4 ,mo runga i1 = above1 i4 e4 to be above4 ,ma runga i1 by above1 ov]1 7( direction74 ,ko runga i1 to above1 ov]4 ,9 ! second ( ^! s]ies o may be sub/itut$ = i1 9 :i* case ! con/ruction w be regul>4 ,! simple prepositions may be comb9$ 9 ! same way ) r>o1 to signify "u1 b5ea? c42 ) roto1 to signify 91 into1 inside c42 ) waho1 to signify )\t1 outside1 f )\t c4 ,mua & ,muri are only us$ 9 s]ies #b4 ,,xii4 ,,h1 ,,_h c4 #ga4 ,,! ,,v]b ,,to ,,h hav+ no equival5t 9 ,maori1 its place is suppli$ by ! foll[+ exp$i5ts4 #a4 ,by ! use ( ! possessive def9itives 7 #ae7 ! "t 7pres5t or pa/7 be+ ga!r$ f ! context4 ,,examples4 ,he hoiho tana1 he has a horse1 or1 he _h a horse4 ,kahore ana hoiho1 he _h no horse4 #b4 ,by ! use ( ! prepositions kei1 i1 hei1 respectively = pres5t1 pa/ & future4 ,,examples4 ,kei a au to pukapuka1 ,i h y\r book4 ,kahore i a au to pukapuka1 ,i h n y\r book4 #c4 ,by us+ ! v]b ai 7 #ea7 foll[$ by ! preposition ma or mo4 ,,examples4 ,ka ai he toki mana1 he has an axe4 ,me e ai ana he hoiho mau1 if y _h a horse4 #d4 ,by us+ ! adjective :ai1 :i* signifies possess+1 ! ?+ possess$ be+ us$ z ano!r adjective qualify+ :ai4 ,kua :ai pukapuka koe8 h y a book8 7lit]ally1 h y become book-possess+87 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,vocabul>y4 ,9 pronunciation1 unless a ^w is o!rwise m>k$1 always acc5tuate ! fir/ syllable4 ,a1 def41 he2 pl4 he4 ,able1 to be1 v41 ahei4 ,abode1 s41 kaa+a4 ,above1 prep41 ki runga i2 kei runga i2 i runga i2 hei runga i4 7,see #gj47 ,abs5t1 adj41 ng>o4 ,abundant1 adj41 nui2 huhua4 ,across1 prep41 ki tawahi o4 ,add toge!r1 v41 huihui2 pass4 huihuia4 ,adult1 s41 kaumaatua4 ,aft]1 prep41 ki muri i2 kei muri i2 i muri i2 hei muri i4 7,see #gj47 ,aft]w>ds1 adv41 muri iho4 ,aga91 adv41 ano4 ,all1 adj41 katoa4 ,all[1 v41 tuku2 pass4 tukua4 ,ancle1 s41 pona4 ,angry1 adj41 riri4 ,answ]1 v41 :akahoki kupu 7foll[$ by prep4 ki74 ,any1 def41 tetahi2 pl4 etahi4 ,arise1 v4 n41 ara4 ,arm1 s41 taakakau2 r+>+a4 ,army1 s41 taua4 ,ar\se1 v41 :akara2 pass4 :akarahia4 ,arrive1 v4 n41 tae2 pass4 taea1 be arriv$ at4 ,a%es1 s41 pung>ehu4 ,ask1 v4 7put a "q71 ui2 pass4 uia 7foll[$ by prep4 ki74 ,ask =1 v41 tono2 pass4 tonoa4 ,assemble1 v4 a41 :akamne2 pass4 :akamnea4 ,assemble1 v4 n41 huihui4 ,attack1 v41 :akaeke2 pass4 :akaekea4 ,axe1 s41 toki4 ,back1 s41 tu>a4 ,bad1 adj41 k9o4 ,bag1 s41 peeke4 ,bald1 adj41 pakira4 ,bank ( a riv]1 s41 tahataha4 ,b>t]1 v41 hoko2 pass4 hokoa4 ,ba!1 v4 n41 kaukau4 ,battle1 s41 pakanga4 ,bay1 s41 kokoru4 ,beak1 s41 ngutu4 ,be>d1 s41 pahau4 ,bea/1 s41 k>>ehe4 ,beautiful1 adj41 atahua4 ,because1 conj41 no te mea4 ,b$1 s41 mo5ga4 ,be=e1 prep41 ki mua i2 kei mua i2 i mua i2 hei mua i4 7,see #gj47 ,beg1 v41 inoi2 pass4 inoia4 ,beg91 v41 timata2 pass4 timataia4 ,beh9d1 prep41 ki muri i2 kei muri i2 i muri i2 hei muri i4 7,see #gj47 ,believe1 v41 :akapno 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 :akapnohia4 ,belly1 s41 kopu4 ,bel[1 prep41 ki r>o i2 kei r>o i2 i r>o i2 hei r>o i4 7,see #gj47 ,b5t1 adj41 piko4 ,bird1 s41 manu4 ,bir?1 s41 :anautanga4 ,bite1 v41 ngau2 pass4 ngaua4 ,bitt]1 adj41 kawa4 ,black1 adj41 mangu4 ,bl9d1 adj41 matapo4 ,blood1 s41 toto4 ,blunt1 adj41 puhuki4 ,bo>d1 s41 papa4 ,body1 s41 t9ana4 ,boil1 v4 n41 koropupuu2 v4 a41 kohua2 pass4 kohuatia4 ,bone1 s41 :eua4 ,book1 s41 pukapuka4 ,bottom1 !1 s41 r>o4 7,see #aj47 ,box1 s41 p\aka4 ,boy1 s41 tamaiti tane2 pl4 tam>iki tane4 ,bra91 s41 roro4 ,bran*1 s41 manga4 ,break1 v4 7a /ick c471 :a:ti2 pass4 :atiia2 7a cord c471 momtu2 pass4 motuhia4 ,brea/1 s41 uma4 ,brea!1 v4 n41 ta te manawa4 7,ex4 ka ta toku manawa1 ,i brea!47 ,br+1 v41 mau mai2 pass4 mauria mai4 ,broad1 adj41 :anui4 ,brok51 adj41 :ati2 motu4 7,see ,break47 ,brook1 s41 manga4 ,br[n1 adj41 pakaakaa4 ,build1 v41 hanga2 pass4 hangaa4 ,bury1 v41 tanu2 pass4 tanumia4 ,b1 conj41 otira4 ,buy1 v41 hoko2 pass4 hokoa4 ,by1 prep41 #a4 ( ag5t1 aft] passive v]bs1 e2 #b4 ( ag5t or in/rum5t1 aft] neut] v]bs1 adjectives c41 i2 #c4 ( direction1 ma4 ,call1 v41 k>anga2 pass4 k>angatia4 ,calm1 adj41 m>9o4 ,c1 v4 n41 ahei 7n foll[$ by a preposition74 ,canoe1 s41 waka4 ,c>ry1 v41 kawe2 pass4 kawea4 ---- on ! %\ld]s1 pikau2 pass4 pikaua4 ,cat*1 v41 hopu2 pass4 hopukia4 ,cause1 s41 take4 ,cauti\s1 adj41 tupato4 ,*a91 s41 mekameka4 ,*>coal1 s41 w>o4 ,*eek1 s41 paapa>+a4 ,*e/1 !1 s41 poho4 ,*ief1 s41 rangatira4 ,*ild1 s41 tamaiti2 pl4 tam>iki4 ,*91 s41 kauwae4 ,*oose1 v41 :iri:iri2 pass4 :iri:iria4 ,claw1 s41 matikuku4 ,clean1 adj41 ma4 ,climb1 v4 n41 piki2 pass4 pikitia1 be climb$ up or ov]4 ,clod1 s41 pai oneone4 ,clo!s1 s41 kakahu4 ,cl\d1 s41 kapua4 ,coa/1 s41 tahatai4 ,cold1 s41 huka4 ,cold1 adj41 matao4 ,come1 v4 n41 ha]e mai4 ,comm&1 v41 :akahu2 pass4 :akahua4 ,companion1 s41 hoa4 ,cons5t1 v41 :akae 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 :akaetia1 be agre$ to4 ,consum$1 "p41 pau4 ,cook$1 adj41 maoa4 ,cool1 adj41 matao4 ,corpse1 s41 tupapaku4 ,c\rty>d1 s41 m>ae4 ,cov]1 s4 7lid c471 taupoki2 7clo? c47 hipoki4 ,cov]1 v41 taupoki2 pass4 taupok9a2 hipoki2 pass4 hipok9a4 ,cry1 v41 tangi 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 tangihia1 be cri$ =4 ,cure1 v41 :akara2 pass4 :akarangia4 ,curr5t1 s41 au4 ,cut1 v41 tapahi2 pass4 tapahia4 ,d>k1 adj41 p\ri4 ,daught]1 s41 tamah9e4 ,dawn1 s41 puaotanga4 ,day1 s41 ra4 ,daylight1 s41 awatea4 ,dead1 adj41 mate4 ,deaf1 adj41 turi4 ,deceive1 v41 mam+a2 pass4 mam+atia4 ,deep1 adj41 hohonu4 ,dig1 v41 k]i2 pass4 k]ia4 ,dirty1 adj41 poke4 ,di/ant1 adj41 ta:iti4 ,dive =1 v41 ruku2 pass4 rukuhia4 ,dog1 s41 kuri4 ,door1 s41 tatau4 ,doorway1 s41 kuwaha4 ,d[n1 adv41 iho4 ,drag1 v41 to2 pass4 toia4 ,dream1 s41 moemoeaa4 ,dr9k1 v41 inu2 pass4 inumia4 ,drive1 v41 a2 pass4 aia4 ,drop1 s41 pata4 ,drop1 v4 n4 7z wat]71 maturuturu2 7z any?+ solid71 m>]e4 ,duck1 s41 pa>]a4 ,du/1 s41 puehu4 ,dwell1 v4 n41 noho2 pass4 nohoia1 be dwelt 94 ,e>1 s41 t>+a4 ,e>?1 s41 oneone4 ,eat1 v41 kai2 pass4 ka+a4 ,ebb1 v4 n41 timu4 ,elb[1 s41 tuke4 ,embrace1 v41 a:i2 pass4 a:itia4 ,empty1 adj41 takoto kau4 ,enemy1 s41 ho>iri4 ,enl>ge1 v41 :akani2 pass4 :akania4 ,ent]1 v41 tomo2 pass4 tomokia4 ,equal1 adj41 rite4 ,ev5+1 s41 ahiahi4 ,eye1 s41 kanohi4 ,eyebr[1 s41 tukemata4 ,face1 s41 mata4 ,fa9t1 adj41 hemo4 ,fall1 v4 n4 7f an upright position71 h+a2 pass4 h+aia1 be fall5 ^u4 ---- 7z wat]71 r]e4 ---- 7z a l&slip c471 horo4 ---- (f1 taka4 ,f>ewell6 7if ! p]son address$ is go+7 ,ha]e ra6 7if rema9+7 ,hei kona6 ,fat1 s41 ngako4 ,fat1 adj41 momona4 ,fa!r1 s41 paapaa4 ,fe>1 v41 wehi 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 weh+ia4 ,fe$1 v41 :angai2 pass4 :angaia4 ,female1 adj41 wah9e2 7( animals71 uha4 ,f5ce1 s41 taiepa4 ,fet*1 v41 tiki2 pass4 tik9a4 ,few1 adj41 torutoru4 ,fight1 v41 :a:ai 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 :a:aitia4 ,f9d1 v41 kite2 pass4 kitea4 ,f+]1 s41 maik>a4 ,f+]-nail1 s41 maikuku4 ,fire1 s41 ahi4 ,firm1 adj41 u4 ,fi%1 s41 ika4 ,flame1 s41 mura4 ,flat1 adj41 p>>ahi4 ,fle%1 s41 kiko4 ,float1 v4 n41 maanu4 ,flood1 s41 waipuke4 ,fl[]1 s41 puaawai4 ,fly1 s41 namu4 ,fog1 s41 kohu4 ,foll[1 v41 :ai2 pass4 :aia4 ,foot1 s41 waewae4 ,=1 prep41 mo2 ma4 ,=ehead1 s41 rae4 ,=m1 s41 ahua4 ,fri5d1 s41 hoa4 ,fro/1 s41 huka4 ,fuel1 s41 wahie4 ,full1 adj41 ki4 ,gate1 s41 tatau4 ,gateway1 s41 kuwaha4 ,girl1 s41 kotiro4 ,give1 v41 homai2 hoatu2 pass4 homai2 hoatu2 7mai d5ot+ direction t[>ds1 atu away f ! speak]74 ,glad1 adj41 koa4 ,g1 v4 n41 ha]e2 pass4 ha]ea1 be travell$ ov]4 ,god1 s41 atua4 ,gone1 "p41 riro4 ,good1 adj41 pai4 ,gr&fa!r1 or gr&mo!r1 s41 tupuna2 pl4 tuupuna4 ,grey hairs1 s41 h9a4 ,gr\nd1 s41 oneone4 ,guide1 s41 kai arahi4 ,gun1 s41 pu4 ,hair1 s41 makawe4 ,h&1 s41 r+>+a4 ,hang1 v4 n41 iri4 ---- v4 a41 :akari4 ,h>d1 adj41 pakeke4 ,hat*et1 s41 paatiitii4 ,h1 v4 ,see "p ,i1 #ga4 ,head1 s41 upoko4 ,heada*e1 s41 an9i4 ,he>1 v41 rongo2 pass4 rangona4 ,heat1 s41 w]aw]a4 ,heav51 s41 rangi4 ,heavy1 adj41 taimaha4 ,heel1 s41 rek]eke4 ,height1 s41 tiketike4 ,h5ce1 adv41 i konei4 ,h5ce=?1 adv41 a mua ake nei4 ,h]d1 s41 kahui4 ,"h1 adv41 ki konei2 kei konei2 i konei2 hei konei4 ,h]eaft]1 adv41 a muri nei4 ,hide1 v41 huna2 pass4 hunaa4 ,high1 adj41 tiketike4 ,hill1 s41 puke4 ,81 def41 tana2 pl4 ana2 tona2 pl4 ona4 ,hi!r1 adv41 ki konei4 ,hold1 v41 pupri2 pass4 puritia4 ,hole1 s41 rua4 ,holl[1 adj41 pu>e4 ,holy1 adj41 tapu4 ,hook1 s41 matau4 ,hoop1 s41 :iti4 ,hope =1 v41 tumanako 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 tumanakohia4 ,hot1 adj41 w]a4 ,h\se1 s41 :>e4 ,h[1 adv41 pehea4 ,hung]1 s41 hemokai4 ,hungry1 adj41 hemokai4 ,husb&1 s41 tane4 ,i1 pron41 ahau4 ,idle1 adj41 mang]e4 ,if1 conj41 ki te mea2 me he mea4 7,see #da47 ,ignorant1 adj41 kuw>e4 ,impati5t1 adj41 :aa:ai4 ,91 prep41 ki roto i2 kei roto i2 i roto i2 hei roto i4 7,see #gj47 ,ink1 s41 mangumangu4 ,inside1 !1 s41 roto4 7,see #aj47 ,into1 prep41 ki roto ki4 ,int]pret1 v41 :akamori2 pass4 :akamoritia4 ,int]val1 s41 takiwa4 ,iron1 s41 r9o4 ,jaw1 s41 kauwae4 ,jo91 v41 hono2 pass4 honoa4 ,jo9t1 s41 pona4 ,judge1 s41 kai :ak>ite :akawa4 ,j1 adj41 tika4 ,keep1 v4 7reta971 pupri2 pass4 puritia2 7take c>e (71 tiaki2 pass4 tiak9a4 ,kill1 v41 patu2 pass4 patua4 ,k9d1 adj41 ata:ai4 ,knee1 s41 turi4 ,kneel1 v41 tuturi4 ,knot1 s41 pona4 ,"k1 v41 matau 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 matauria4 ,lame1 adj41 kopa4 ,l&1 s41 :5ua4 ,language1 s41 reo4 ,l>ge1 adj41 nui4 ,la/1 adj41 :akamtunga4 ,laugh1 v4 n41 kata2 pass4 kata9a1 be laugh$ at4 ,law1 s41 ture4 ,lay41 v41 :akatkoto2 pass4 :akatkotoria4 ,leaf1 s41 rau4 ,leap1 v4 n41 tupeke4 ,le>n1 v41 ako2 pass4 akona ,left1 "p41 mahue4 ,left h&1 r+a maui4 ,leg1 s41 waewae4 ,l5g?1 s41 roa4 ,lett]1 s41 pukapuka4 ,le/1 conj41 kei4 ,lie1 v4 n41 takoto4 ,lie1 s41 kor]o teka4 ,life1 s41 oranga4 ,lift1 v41 hapai2 pass4 hapa+a4 ,light1 adj4 7n heavy71 maamaa4 ,light1 adj4 7n d>k71 ma>ama4 ,l9e1 s4 7cord71 aho4 ,lip1 s41 ngutu4 ,li/51 v4 n41 :ak>ngo 7foll[$ by prep4 ki74 ,little1 adj41 iti2 pl4 ririki4 ,long1 adj41 roa4 ,look at1 v41 titiro 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 tirohia4 ,loose1 adj41 korokoro4 ,loos51 v41 wewte2 pass4 wetekia4 ,love1 s41 aroha4 ,l[1 adj41 hakahaka4 ,mad1 adj41 porangi4 ,maize1 s41 kaanga4 ,make1 v41 hanga2 pass4 hangaa4 ,male1 adj4 7human71 tane2 7( animals71 toa4 ,man1 s41 tangata4 ,manure1 s41 wairakau4 ,_m1 adj41 maha4 ,m>ry1 v41 m>5a2 pass4 m>5atia4 ,m$ic9e1 s41 rongoa4 ,meet1 v41 tutaki 7foll[$ by prep4 ki74 ,melt1 v41 :ak>wa2 pass4 :ak>wa9a4 ,middle1 !1 s41 wa5ganui4 ,midnight1 s41 wa5ganui po4 ,milk1 s41 waiu4 ,m9e1 pron41 naku4 ,m9d1 s41 h95g>o4 ,mix1 v41 :akannu2 pass4 :akannua4 ,mon?1 s41 m>ama4 ,moon1 s41 m>ama4 ,"m1 s41 :aea4 ,move1 v41 neke2 pass4 nekehia4 ,m\nta91 s41 maunga4 ,m\?1 s41 mangai4 ,murd]1 v41 kohuru2 pass4 kohurutia4 ,my1 pron41 taku2 pl4 aku2 toku2 pl4 oku4 ,"n1 s41 +oa4 ,n>r[1 adj41 :aiti4 ,nation1 s41 iwi4 ,ne>1 adj41 tata4 ,neck1 s41 kakii4 ,ne/1 s41 kohanga4 ,net1 s41 kup5ga4 ,new1 adj41 h\4 ,night1 s41 po4 ,no1 adv41 kahore4 ,noise1 s41 turituri4 ,nose1 s41 ihu4 ,n[1 adv41 aianei4 ,o>1 s41 hoe4 ,(1 prep41 a2 o4 ,oil1 s41 h9u4 ,on1 prep41 ki runga i2 kei runga i2 i runga i2 hei runga i4 7,see #gj47 ,"o1 adj41 kothi4 ,op51 adj41 pu>e4 ,op51 v41 :akapare4 ,orphan1 s41 pani4 ,outside1 !1 s41 waho4 ,oy/]1 s41 tio4 ,pa91 s41 mamae4 ,palm 7( ! h&71 s41 kapu4 ,p>5t1 s41 matua2 pl4 maatua4 ,"p1 s41 wahi4 ,pa/1 adj41 pahure4 ,pa?1 s41 ara4 ,peace1 s41 rongo mau4 ,make peace1 hohu rongo2 pass4 h\hia te rongo4 ,peace is made1 ka mau te rongo4 ,p]haps1 adv41 pea4 ,pig1 s41 poaka4 ,pigeon1 s41 kukupa4 ,pity1 v41 ata:ai2 pass4 ata:aitia4 ,plait1 v41 :iri2 pass4 :iria4 ,play1 v41 tak>o4 ,pleasant1 adj41 ahu>eka4 ,pluck up1 v41 huhuti2 pass4 hutia4 ,po9t1 s41 matamata4 ,pool1 s41 roto4 ,poor1 adj41 rawakore4 ,possess+1 adj41 :ai1 7! ?+ possess$ be+ treat$ l an adjective qualify+ :ai27 :ai pukapuka1 book-possess+4 ,praise1 v41 :akapi2 pass4 :akap+ia4 ,pray1 v41 inoi2 pass4 inoia4 ,pres5t1 s41 mea hoatu noa4 ,price1 s41 utu4 ,prick1 v41 w]o2 pass4 w]ohia4 ,pull1 v41 kukume2 pass4 kumea4 ,pu%1 v41 pana2 pass4 panaa4 ,"q1 v41 patai2 pass4 pataia4 ,quick1 adj41 t]e4 ,quiet1 adj41 ata noho4 ,ra91 s41 ua4 ,ra9b[1 s41 u5uku4 ,raise1 v41 hapai2 pass4 hapa+a4 ,ram1 v41 tuki2 pass4 tukia4 ,rat1 s41 kiore4 ,raw1 adj41 kaiota4 ,read1 v41 kor]o pukapuka2 pass4 kor]otia4 ,receive1 v41 tango2 pass4 tangohia4 ,refuse1 v41 :akakno2 pass4 :akaknongia4 ,reject1 v41 :ak>re2 pass4 :ak>rea4 ,religion1 s41 k>akia4 ,rema91 v4 n4 79 a place71 noho2 7z a residue71 toe4 ,rema9d]1 s41 to5ga4 ,re/1 v41 okioki4 ,return1 v41 hoki4 ,rib1 s41 r>a4 ,ri*1 adj41 :ai-taonga4 ,ri*es1 s41 taonga4 ,rid]1 s41 kai eke hoiho4 ,"r1 adj41 tika4 ,"r 7h&71 adj41 matau4 ,r+1 s41 m[hiti4 ,ripe1 adj41 maoa4 ,rise1 v41 ara4 ,riv]1 s41 awa4 ,road1 s41 hu>ahi4 ,roa/1 v41 tunu2 pass4 tunua4 ,rob1 v41 pahua2 pass4 pahuatia4 ,rock1 s41 kamaka4 ,roll1 v41 huri2 pass4 hurihia4 ,ro(1 s41 tuanui4 ,root1 s41 pakiaka4 ,rope1 s41 taura4 ,rott51 adj41 pirau4 ,r\gh1 adj41 t>at>a4 ,r\nd1 adj41 porotaka4 ,r[1 v41 hoe2 pass4 hoea4 ,r[1 s41 r>angi4 ,rub1 v41 muku2 pass4 mukua4 ,run1 v41 oma2 pass4 omakia1 be run =4 ,ru/1 s41 waikura4 ,sad1 adj41 p\ri4 ,sail1 s41 ra4 ,salt1 s41 tote4 ,save1 v41 :akara2 pass4 :akarangia4 ,saw1 s41 kani4 ,say1 v41 ki2 pass4 kiia4 ,sea1 s41 moana4 ,se>* =1 v41 rapu2 pass4 rapua4 ,seat1 s41 nohoanga4 ,second1 adj41 tu>ua4 ,secret1 adj41 ng>o4 ,see1 v41 kite2 pass4 kitea4 ,se$1 s41 purapura4 ,seize1 v41 hopu2 pass4 hopukia4 ,sell1 v41 hoko2 pass4 hokoa4 ,s5d1 v41 tono2 pass4 tonoa2 7,n us$ ( s5d+ inanimate ?+s1 pres5ts c43 9 su* cases use hoatu1 or homai47 ,s]vant1 s41 kai mahi4 ,sew1 v41 tuitui2 pass4 tuituia4 ,%ad[1 s41 ata4 ,%ady1 adj41 m>um>u4 ,%ake1 v4 n41 oioi4 ,%ake1 v4 a41 :akaooi2 pass4 :akaooia4 ,%ame1 s41 :akam4 ,%ape1 s41 ahua4 ,%>k1 s41 mango4 ,%>p1 adj41 koi4 ,%>p51 v41 :akaki2 pass4 :akakia4 ,%ew1 v41 :akatu2 pass4 :akaturia4 ,%ip1 s41 kaipuke4 ,%iv]1 v4 n41 wiri4 ,%oot1 v41 puphi2 pass4 puhia4 ,%ort1 adj41 poto4 ,%\ld]1 s41 pokohiwi4 ,%\t1 v41 hamama4 ,sick1 adj41 mate4 ,sickness1 s41 mate4 ,side1 s41 taha4 ,sift1 v41 taat>i2 pass4 taat>ia4 ,s91 s41 h>a4 ,s+1 v41 waiata2 pass4 waiatatia4 ,s+le1 adj41 kothi4 ,s9k1 v41 tothu4 ,si/]1 s4 7a man's71 tuah9e2 7a woman's eld]71 tuakana2 7a woman's y\ng]71 te9a4 ,sit1 v4 n41 noho2 pass4 nohoia1 be sat ^u4 ,sk91 s41 kiri4 ,skull1 s41 angaanga4 ,sky1 s41 kikorangi4 ,sleep1 v4 n41 moe4 ,sleepy1 adj41 hiamoe4 ,slip1 v4 n41 paheke4 ,slipp]y1 adj41 mania4 ,sl[1 adj41 puhoi4 ,small1 adj41 noh9ohi4 ,sme>1 v41 pani2 pass4 pania4 ,smell1 v41 hongi2 pass4 hongia4 ,smell1 s41 haunga4 ,smoke1 s41 auahi4 ,smoo?1 adj41 ma5e5e4 ,sn[1 s41 huk>]e4 ,s1 adv4 79 t mann]71 p5a2 p]a4 7,see #ah47 ,s(t1 adj41 ngoh5gohe4 ,soil1 s41 oneone4 ,sole ( ! foot1 s41 rap>apa4 ,solid1 adj41 ma>oo4 ,"s1 def41 tetahi2 pl4 etahi4 ,son1 s41 tama4 ,son-9-law1 s41 hunaonga4 ,s[1 v41 rui2 pass4 ruia4 ,space1 s41 takiwa4 ,spade1 s41 kah]u4 ,speak1 v41 kor]o2 pass4 kor]otia4 ,spittle1 s41 huw>e4 ,split1 v41 wawhi2 pass4 wahia4 ,spra9$1 adj41 taui4 ,spr+ 7( wat]71 s41 puna4 ,squ>e1 adj41 tapa:a4 ,/aff1 s41 tokotoko4 ,/&1 v41 tu4 ,/>1 s41 :etuu4 ,/>t1 v4 n41 oho4 ,/ay1 v4 n41 noho4 ,/eal1 v41 tahae2 pass4 tahaetia4 ,/eep1 adj41 p\p\4 ,/alk1 s41 kakau4 ,/oma*1 s41 puku4 ,/one1 s41 k[hatu4 ,/oop1 v41 tuohu4 ,/orm1 s41 tupuhi4 ,/raight1 adj41 tika4 ,/range1 adj41 ke4 ,/raw1 s41 taakakau4 ,/r5g?1 s41 kaha4 ,/rike1 v41 patu2 pass4 patua4 ,/r+1 s41 aho4 ,/rong1 adj41 kaha4 ,/umble1 v4 n41 tuutuki4 ,suck1 v41 ngote2 pass4 ngotea4 ,summ]1 s41 raumati4 ,summit1 s41 tihi4 ,sun1 s41 ra4 ,swall[1 v41 horo2 pass4 horomia4 ,swamp1 s41 repo4 ,sweat1 s41 kakwa4 ,sweet1 adj41 reka4 ,swell1 v4 n41 puphi4 ,swim1 v4 n41 kauhoe4 ,take1 v41 tango2 pass4 tangohia4 ,talk1 v41 kor]o2 pass4 kor]otia4 ,tall1 adj41 roa4 ,tame1 adj41 rata4 ,tea*1 v41 :akako2 pass4 :akakona4 ,te>1 s41 roimata4 ,te>1 v41 haehae2 pass4 haea4 ,tell1 v41 kor]o2 pass4 kor]otia4 ,?an1 conj41 i4 ,t1 def41 t5a2 t]a2 taua4 7,see #ah47 ,!n1 adv41 i reira2 ko reira4 ,!nce1 adv41 i reira2 i kona2 i ko4 7,see #aj47 ,!re1 adv41 ki reira2 kei reira2 i reira2 hei reira2 ki kona c42 ki ko c4 7,see #aj & #fi47 ,?ick1 adj41 matotoru4 ,?ief1 s41 tahae4 ,?igh1 s41 huha4 ,?91 adj41 rahirahi4 ,?9e1 pron41 nau4 ,?+1 s41 mea4 ,?9k (1 v41 mah>a 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 mah>atia4 ,?ir/1 s41 matewai4 ,?is1 def41 t5ei2 pl4 enei4 ,?i!r1 adv41 ki kona2 ki ko2 ki reira4 7,see #aj47 ,?orn1 s41 koikoi4 ,?read1 s41 miro4 ,?roat1 s41 korokoro4 ,?r\gh2 to g or come ?r\gh1 v4 n41 puta4 ,?r[1 v41 maka2 pass4 makaa4 ,?umb1 s41 koromatua4 ,?und]1 s41 :atitiri4 ,?us1 adv41 p5ei4 ,?y1 def41 tau2 pl4 au2 t\2 pl4 ou2 to2 pl4 o4 7,see #ai47 ,tide1 s41 tai2 flood tide1 tai p>i2 ebb tide1 tai timu4 ,tie1 v41 "h2 pass4 h]ea4 ,tight1 adj41 kikii4 ,tip1 s41 matamata4 ,to-day1 adv41 aianei2 9ianei2 nonianei4 ,toe1 s41 maik>a4 ,to-morr[1 adv41 apopo4 ,too?1 s41 niho4 ,top1 !1 s41 runga4 7,see #aj47 ,trample on1 v41 takahi2 pass4 takahia4 ,translate1 v41 :akamori2 pass4 :akamoritia4 ,tree1 s41 rakau4 ,tremble1 v4 n41 wiri4 ,tr5*1 s41 manga4 ,tr\ble1 s41 r>ur>u4 ,true1 adj41 pono4 ,try1 v41 :akamtau2 pass4 :akamtauria4 ,turn1 v41 huri2 pass4 hurihia4 ,tw9s1 s41 maahanga4 ,twi/1 v41 :iri2 pass4 :iria4 ,udd]1 s41 u4 ,uncle1 s41 matua keekee4 ,"u1 prep41 ki r>o ki2 ki r>o i2 kei r>o i2 i r>o i2 hei r>o i4 7,see #gj47 ,untie1 v41 wewte2 pass4 wetekia4 ,utt]1 v41 :akapaki2 pass4 :akapak9a4 ,upp]1 adj41 to runga4 7,see #aj47 ,valley1 s41 awaawa4 ,ve91 s41 uaua4 ,v1 adv41 t9o2 rawa4 7,see #fg47 ,voice1 s41 reo4 ,vomit1 v41 ruaki2 pass4 ruak9a4 ,wade1 v4 n41 kau4 ,wait =1 v41 tatri 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 ta>ia4 ,walk1 v4 n41 ha]e4 ,w>1 s41 riri4 ,w>m1 adj41 mahana4 ,wa%1 v41 horoi2 pass4 horoia4 ,wat]1 s41 wai4 ,wave1 s41 ng>u4 ,way1 s41 ara4 ,weak1 adj41 ngoikore4 ,we>y1 adj41 ng5ge4 ,weave1 v41 :atu2 pass4 :atua4 ,w$ge1 s41 ora4 ,we$1 s41 otaota4 ,weep =1 v41 tangi 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 tangihia4 ,weigh1 v41 pauna2 pass4 paunatia4 ,well 79 heal?71 adj41 ora4 ,wet1 adj41 maakuu4 ,:ale1 s41 tohora4 ,:at1 pron41 aha4 ,:51 adv4 7pa/71 nonahea2 7future71 a hea4 ,:5ce1 adv41 i hea4 ,:]e1 adv41 ki hea2 kei hea2 i hea2 hei hea4 7,see #fi47 ,:i*1 def41 tehea2 pl4 ehea4 ,:i/le1 v4 n41 :io4 ,:i!r1 adv41 ki hea2 ko hea4 ,:y1 adv41 he aha 7foll[$ by ai72 he aha koe i ha]e ai8 :y did y g8 ,wife1 s41 wah9e4 ,wild1 adj41 maaka4 ,w+1 s41 p>irau4 ,w9k1 v41 :akakni4 ,w9t]1 s41 hotoke4 ,wipe1 v41 ukui2 pass4 ukuia4 ,wi% =1 v41 hiahia 7foll[$ by prep4 ki72 pass4 hiahiatia4 ,)1 prep41 ki4 ,woman1 s41 wah9e4 ,wood1 s41 rakau4 ,^w1 s41 kupu4 ,"w1 v41 mahi2 pass4 mahia4 ,w\nd$1 adj41 tu4 ,wrap1 v41 takai2 pass4 takaia4 ,write1 v41 tuhituhi2 pass4 tuhituhia4 ,wrong1 adj41 he4 ,yawn1 v41 tuwah>oa4 ,ye>1 s41 tau4 ,yes1 adv41 ae4 ,"y1 adj41 tam>iki4 ,ye/]day1 adv41 inanahi4 ,b]l91 pr9t$ by ,ung] bro!rs1 ,pr9t]s to ! ,k+4 ,,works ,,by ,,sir ,,george ,,grey1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,,gov]nor ,,& ,,comm&]-,,9-,,*ief ,,( ,,! ,,colony ,,( ,,! ,,cape ,,( ,,good ,,hope1 ,,& ,,h] ,,maje/y',s ,,high ,,commission]4 ,a ,h&book ( ,african1 ,au/ralian1 & ,polynesian ,philology1 z repres5t$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,8 ,excell5cy ,,sir ,,george ,,grey1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,h] ,maje/y's ,commission] ( ! ,cape ,colony4 ,class$1 annotat$1 & edit$ by ,,sir ,,george ,,grey1 & ,,dr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,,bleek4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,"p #a4 ,s\? ,africa1 #hvo4 pp4 #ahf4 #gs #f;d ,vol4 ,i4 ,"p #b4 ,africa 7,nor? ( ! ,tropic ( ,capricorn71 #hvo4 pp4 #gj4 #bs ,vol4 ,i4 ,"p #c4 ,madagasc>1 #hvo4 pp4 #bd4 #as ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,"p #a4 ,au/ralia1 #hvo4 pp4 iv1 #dd4 #as #f;d ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,"p #b4 ,papuan ,languages ( ! ,loyalty ,isl&s & ,new ,hebrides1 compris+ ^? ( ! ,isl&s ( ,n5gone1 ,lifu1 ,aneiteum1 ,tana1 & o!rs1 #hvo4 pp4 #ab4 #f;d ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,"p #c4 ,fiji ,isl&s & ,rotuma 7) ,supplem5t to ,"p #b1 ,papuan ,languages1 & ,"p #a1 ,au/ralia71 #hvo4 pp4 #cd4 #as ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,"p #d4 ,new ,zeal&1 ! ,*a?am ,isl&s1 & ,auckl& ,isl&s1 #hvo4 pp4 #gf4 #cs #f;d ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,"p #d 7cont9uation74 ,polynesia & ,borneo1 #hvo4 pp4 #gg to #aed4 #cs #f;d ,ko nga ,mah+a a nga tupuna ,maori he mea ,kohikohi mai3 7,my?ology & ,traditions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s7 na ,,sir ,,george ,,grey1 ,gov]nor-9-*ief ( ! ,new ,zeal& ,isl&s4 #hvo4 clo?1 pp4 #bjb4 ,london1 #ahed4 #abs ,ko nga ,moteatea1 me nga ,hakir>a o nga ,maori4 ,he mea ,kohikohi mai1 na ,,sir ,g4 ,,grey4 7,poetry ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s47 #hvo4 pp4 xiv1 #dcb1 & cxii4 ,new ,zeal&1 #ahec4 #bas ,maori ,mem5tos2 be+ a ,s]ies ( ,addresses pres5t$ by ! ,native ,p to ,8 ,excell5cy ,,sir ,g4 ,,grey1 ,gov]nor ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope2 ) introductory ,rem>ks & explanatory ,notes2 to :i* is add$ a small ,collection ( ,lam5ts1 c4 by ,,*4 ,,oliv] ,b4 ,,davis4 #hvo4 clo?1 pp4 iv1 #bbh4 ,auckl&1 #ahee4 #abs ,,tr,,bn] ,,co41 #fj1 ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,,london4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,obvi\s punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,! ,table ( ,cont5ts has be5 add$ by ! transcrib]4 ,"s words 9 ! ,vocabul>y li/ 7= example pupri1 kothi7 h an acc5t b !re is no acc5t 9 ! ma9 text usage4 ,no *anges h be5 made 9 ^! cases4 ,pg #d4 'lett] 9' replac$ by 'lett] is'4 ,pg #g4 'horse x' replac$ by 'horse is'4 ,pg #g4 'give is' replac$ by 'give x'4 ,pg #ae4 italic inv]t$ = cl>ity2 'nev] a1 or o4' to 'nev] a1 or o4' ,pg #bg4 'n' ins]t$ giv+ 'is n ,hemi4'4 ,pg #bh4 'posssseion' replac$ by 'possession'4 ,pg #cj4 'auxili>ly' replac$ by 'auxili>y'4 ,pg #cb4 '"t to to be' replac$ by '"t to be'4