,,transcriber',s ,,note ,italic text is denoted by underscores4 ,obvious punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources4 ,more detail can be found at the end of the book4 ,,first ,,lessons ,,in ,,the ,,maori ,,language ,,with ,a ,,short ,,vocabulary ,,by ,w4 ,l4 ,,williams1 ,b4 ,a4 ,illustration3 7colophon7 ,,london3 ,,tr,,bner ,,co4 #fj1 ,,paternoster ,,row4 #ahfb4 ,,preface4 ,the object of the following pages is not to give anything like a complete treatise on the ,maori language1 nor even a complete outline of ,maori ,grammar2 but rather to furnish1 in as small a compass as possible1 some practical hints on the ordinary modes of using the different parts of speech2 and to clear away some of the difficulties which are most likely to occur to one who is making his first acquaintance with the language2 and1 ,i should add1 to do this to the satisfaction1 in some degree at least1 of those who are willing to avail themselves of my guidance4 ,how far ,i have succeeded such persons must decide4 ,there are doubtless some things--probably not a few--which are not even here alluded to1 but which might be advantageously set down1 even in a small work like this3 but the task of selection has not proved altogether an easy one4 ,i have had to settle a priori what points are1 and what are not likely to present difficulty to an ,english student of the ,maori language4 ,in doing this ,i could not fall back on my own experience in learning the language1 for ,maori has never been exactly a strange language to me1 and ,i have had but little opportunity of availing myself of the experience of others4 ,i shall be glad therefore to receive any suggestions which may help in any way to render this little book more useful to those for whose use it is intended4 ,in conclusion1 ,i may be allowed to offer one caution2 and that is1 that it is not easy to learn to speak a language merely from books4 ,books1 properly used1 are of great service2 and in the present case ,maunsell's ,grammar will repay a careful study3 but there is no school for learning to speak any given language like frequent intercourse with the people who use that language and no other4 ,turanga1 ,april #ac1 #ahfb4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,part ,i4 ,i4 ,,on ,,reading #c ,,ii4 ,,nouns ,,and ,,personal ,,pronouns #e ,,iii4 ,,definitives #ab ,,iv4 ,,adjectives #ah ,v4 ,,numerals #bj ,,vi4 ,,sentences ,,without ,,verbs #bc ,,vii4 ,,verbs #cj ,,viii4 ,,adjectives ,,and ,,participles #dj ,,ix4 ,,relative ,,clauses #dd ,x4 ,,adverbs #dh ,,xi4 ,,prepositions #di ,,xii4 ,,have1 ,,had c4 #eb ,,part ,,ii4 ,,vocabulary #ed ,,part ,i4 ,i4 ,,on ,,reading4 #a4 ,,the ,,alphabet consists of the following fifteen letters3 ,,form4 ,,name4 ,,sound4 ,a a a father ,e e e send ,h h ha ,i i i hit ,k k ka ,m m ma ,n n na ,ng ng nga singing ,o o o obey1 without the w sound ,p p pa generally connected with ,r r ra it in ,english4 ,t t ta ,u u u boot ,w w wa ,wh wh wha #b4 ,,pronunciation4 ,those letters which have not the pronunciation marked in the above table may be pronounced as in ,english3 t and r1 however are articulated farther forward in the mouth in ,maori than they are in ,english2 and wh is not1 as it is written1 a letter compounded of w and h1 but a simple consonant1 the effect of breath emitted smartly between the lips2 the same sound1 in short1 as is made in blowing from the mouth4 ,ng1 as used in ,maori to begin a syllable1 is found difficult by some people2 but the difficulty may soon be overcome by bearing in mind that the position of the organs of speech is the same for this letter as for g and k1 to which it stands in the same relation that m does to b and p1 and n to d and t4 ,pronounce the three letters successively with the ,maori vowel a1 thus2 ka1 ga1 nga1 and practise this till the letter is mastered4 ,the vowels have each but one sound1 though they may all vary in length in different words4 ,when two stand together in a word1 the first of the two is generally pronounced more strongly than the other4 ,the doubling of a vowel amounts simply to a lengthening of it4 ,the consonants always stand singly1 and every syllable ends with a vowel4 #c4 ,,caution4 ,be careful always to give each vowel its own sound1 and so to avoid confusion between ae and ai1 as in the words waewae and wai2 between ao and au1 as in the words tao and tau2 between ou and u1 as in the words koutou and mutu4 ,,ii4 ,,nouns ,,and ,,personal ,,pronouns4 #d4 ,the nouns have no ,,inflexions1 nor any distinctions of ,,gender to affect grammatical construction4 ,,obs4 ,the common interrogative pronoun aha1 what1 is treated as a common noun4 #e4 ,,number4 ,the number of a common noun is denoted #a4 by a lengthened pronunciation of certain words for the plural1 as in the following3 ,,singular4 ,,plural4 ,mtua1 parent4 ,mtua1 parents4 ,tpuna1 ancestor4 ,tpuna1 ancestors4 ,tngata1 man4 ,tngata1 men4 ,whine1 woman4 ,whine1 women4 ,tuhine1 sister 7of a man74 ,tuhine1 sisters4 ,tukana1 elder brother4 ,tukana1 elder brothers4 ,the word tamaiti1 child1 is only used in the singular1 the plural being tamariki4 #b4 by the number of the definitive in connexion with the noun4 ,see #ad1 #ae4 #f4 ,,nominal ,,prefix a4 ,use the nominal prefix a with names of persons #a4 when they stand as subject in a sentence2 #b4 when they follow any of the prepositions ki1 i1 hei1 or kei4 ,use it with personal pronouns 7except ahau7 only when they follow the prepositions ki1 i1 hei1 or kei2 or when they are repeated by way of explanation3 not ordinarily when they stand as subject in a sentence4 ,use it with names of places and nouns of locality 7 #aj7 only when they stand as subject in a sentence1 or are repeated by way of explanation4 ,,examples4 ,ka ora a ,hoani1 ,hoani is well4 ,kei a ,tamati to hoiho1 ,your horse is in the possession of ,tamati4 ,ma ,pita tenei1 ,this is for ,pita4 ,he taone a ,akarana1 ,auckland is a town4 ,homai ki a au1 give it to me4 ,ka wera a waho o te rakau1 the outside of the tree is burnt4 #g4 ,,ma4 ,when any person is spoken of in connexion with others whom it is not necessary to specify put ma after the name1 thus3 ,kahutia ma1 ,kahutia and his companions4 ,also when addressing more persons than one it may be used with the different forms of address1 thus3 ,e hoa ma6 ,friends6 ,with the pronouns ,wai8 and mea it makes a kind of plural4 ,a wai ma8 ,who8 7pl47 ,a mea ma1 such and such persons4 #h4 ,,personal ,,pronouns4 ,the personal pronouns have three numbers1 ,singular1 ,dual1 and ,plural1 as shewn by the following table4 ,,table ,,of ,,personal ,,pronouns4 ,,singular4 ,,dual4 ,,plural4 #ast ,person ,ahau1 or au ,maua ,matou #ast includ4 #bnd4 ,taua ,tatou #bnd ,person ,koe ,korua ,koutou #crd ,person ,ia ,raua ,ratou ,interrog4 ,wai8 ,wai ma8 ,wai ma8 ,indef4 ,mea ,mea ma ,mea ma ,of the dual and plural pronouns of the first person1 taua and tatou include the person or persons spoken to1 while maua and matou exclude them4 #i4 ,the ,,singular ,,personal ,,pronouns ahau1 ,i1 koe1 thou1 ia1 he1 become respectively -ku1 -u1 -na1 when they follow the possessive prepositions a1 o1 of1 na1 no1 belonging to1 ma1 mo1 for1 and the compounds ta1 and to 7which consist of the article te and the prepositions a and o74 ,owing to this irregularity the preposition and pronoun in each case are generally written as one word4 ,ahau1 ,i2 aku1 or oku1 of me2 naku1 or noku1 belonging to me1 mine2 maku1 or moku1 for me2 taku or toku1 my 7literally te a ku1 the 444 of me47 ,koe1 thou2 au1 or ou1 of thee2 nau1 or nou1 belonging to thee1 thine2 mau1 or mou1 for thee2 tau1 or tou1 thy4 ,ia1 he or she2 ana1 or ona1 of him2 nana1 or nona1 belonging to him1 his2 mana1 or mona1 for him2 tana1 or tona1 his4 #aj4 ,,nouns ,,of ,,locality1 which have the nominal prefix a2 #f4 ,ko1 that place 7at a distance71 yonder4 ,konei1 this place 7near the speaker74 ,kona1 that place 7near the person spoken to74 ,reira1 that place 7before mentioned74 ,runga1 the top4 ,raro1 the bottom4 ,roto1 the inside4 ,waho1 the outside4 ,tawahi1 the other side 7of a river1 valley c474 ,tua1 the other side 7of a hill1 house c474 ,tatahi1 the sea shore 7as opposed to places inland74 ,tahaki1 the shore 7as opposed to the water74 ,uta1 the dry land 7as opposed to the water74 ---- inland places 7opposed to tatahi74 ,mua1 the front4 ,muri1 the rear4 ,waenganui1 the midst4 #aa4 ,when nouns are ,,in ,,apposition 7i4 e4 when a second noun is added to explain the first71 repeat the preposition c4 of the first noun with the second1 and place the most general noun first1 the most particular afterwards4 ,,examples4 ,ko toku hoa ko ,hemi1 it is my friend ,hemi4 ,he kai ma tona tupuna ma ,paora1 food for his grandfather ,paora4 ,in these examples1 toku hoa1 and tona tupuna1 are more general terms than ,hemi and ,paora1 and they therefore stand first2 and ko and ma are repeated with the particular names ,hemi and ,paora4 #ab4 ,,common ,,nouns ,,and ,,adjectives4 ,all common nouns may be used as adjectives4 ,,examples4 ,he whare papa1 a boarded house4 ,he kakahu rinena1 a linen garment4 #ac4 ,when speaking of a number of persons ,,collectively1 use the dual or plural pronouns followed by the name1 or names1 of the additional persons1 introducing each name with ko4 ,,examples4 ,maua ko ,hemi1 ,hemi and ,i4 ,koutou ko ,hemi1 ko ,hohepa1 ,you and ,hemi and ,hohepa4 ,a ,hemi raua ko ,hoani1 ,hemi and ,hoani4 ,ki a ,hoani ratou ko ,hemi ma1 to ,hoani1 ,hemi c4 ,,iii4 ,,definitives4 #ad4 ,,definitives are those words which shew how far1 or in what way the signification of a noun is limited4 ,the name therefore will comprehend what are commonly known as articles1 possessive pronouns1 possessive cases of nouns1 and demonstrative pronouns4 ,all these1 with one exception1 have two numbers1 singular and plural2 and all stand before the nouns with which they are connected4 #ae4 ,,table ,,of ,,definitives4 ,,singular4 ,,plural4 ,he1 a1 or an4 ,he ---- ,te1 the4 ,nga1 the4 ,tetahi1 a1 one1 some4 ,etahi1 some4 ,tenei1 this4 ,enei1 these4 ,tena1 that 7near the person ,ena1 those 7near the person spoken to74 spoken to74 ,tera1 that 7at a distance74 ,era1 those 7at a distance74 ,taua1 that 7before mentioned74 ,aua1 those 7before mentioned74 ,ia1 that4 7,no plural47 ,tehea8 which8 ,ehea8 which8 ,taku1 my4 ,aku1 my4 ,toku1 my4 ,oku1 my4 ,tau1 thy4 ,au1 thy4 ,tou1 thy4 ,ou1 thy4 ,to1 thy4 ,o1 thy4 ,tana1 his1 or her4 ,ana1 his1 or her4 ,tona1 his1 or her4 ,ona1 his1 or her4 ,ta taua1 our4 ,a taua1 our4 ,to taua1 our4 ,o taua1 our4 ,ta tatou1 our4 ,a tatou1 our4 ,to tatou1 our4 ,o tatou1 our4 ,and so on with all the other personal pronouns1 with names of persons1 or places1 with nouns of locality 7 #aj71 and with all common nouns when they follow any definitive except he1 by prefixing ta1 or to1 for the singular1 and a1 or o1 for the plural4 ,,examples4 ,toku whare1 my house4 ,enei hoiho1 these horses4 ,he whare1 a house1 or houses4 ,ta ,hemi pukapuka1 ,hemi's book4 ,to tenei tangata kaainga1 this man's dwellingplace4 #af4 ,,peculiarities ,,of he ,,and te4 7a7 ,never use he after a preposition1 but substitute tetahi1 thus3 ,he tangata1 a man4 ,ki tetahi tangata1 to a man4 7b7 ,when a common noun is used to denote a class1 as the simple plural is often used in ,english1 use te in the singular1 and not he1 thus3 ,he kararehe kaha te hoiho1 the horse is a strong beast4 ,te hoiho1 the horse2 i4 e4 horses in general4 #ag4 ,,possessive ,,prepositions following ,definitives4 7a7 ,when a possessive follows he1 always use either of the prepositions na1 or no1 never a1 or o4 ,,examples4 ,he pukapuka naku1 a book of mine1 or belonging to me4 ,he whare no tenei tangata1 a house belonging to this man1 or of this man's4 7b7 ,when a possessive follows any other definitive1 except he1 always use either of the prepositions a1 or o1 never na1 or no4 ,,examples4 ,te pukapuka a ,pita1 ,pita's book4 ,tenei taha oku1 this side of me4 ,taua whara o ,hemi1 that house of ,hemi's4 #ah4 ,of the ,,demonstratives1 tena denotes that the thing spoken of is near1 or in some way connected with the person spoken to2 tera1 that it is at a distance from or unconnected with either the speaker or the person spoken to2 taua1 that it has been already mentioned4 ,ia is generally used distributively for each1 both it and the noun being repeated4 ,tenei1 tena1 and tera may also be used in the same way4 ,,examples4 ,ia tangata ia tangata1 each man4 ,tenei rp tenei rp o ratou1 each company of them4 ,tera is often used in an emphatic way for the personal pronoun of the third person singular4 ,tenei1 tena1 and tera often stand alone1 the noun being understood1 but taua is never used in this way4 ,,examples4 ,naku tenei1 nau tena1 this is mine1 that is yours4 ,ne rangatira taua tangata1 that man is a chief4 #ai4 ,,the ,,difference ,,between a ,,and o1 which applies also to na1 no1 ma1 mo1 ta1 to1 is this2 a is active1 and o is passive1 that is to say1 a is used with reference to the agent1 o with reference to the person or thing acted upon1 thus3 ,taku patunga i a koe1 my striking you4 ,toku patunga e koe1 my being struck by you4 ,they are also strictly correlatives1 a having reference to the superior1 and o to the inferior1 thus3 ,toku pp1 my father4 ,tana tamaiti1 his child4 ,tona rangatira1 his master4 ,he pononga nana1 a servant of his4 ,always use o in speaking of members of the body1 clothes1 houses1 names1 medicine1 water for drinking1 washing c41 but a in speaking of work1 food c4 ,,examples4 ,tona kakahu1 his garment4 ,ou waewae1 your feet4 ,he kai mau1 food for you4 ,tetahi wai moku1 some water for me4 ,tou ingoa1 your name4 ,taku ingoa mou1 my name for you 7i4 e4 which ,i have given you74 ,,obs4 ,to1 thy1 plural o1 resembles tau rather than tou in the way in which it is used1 though it often appears to be used indiscriminately for either4 ,,iv4 ,,adjectives4 #bj4 ,,gender1 ,,number c4 ,adjectives have no distinctions of gender1 number1 or case1 and always stand after the nouns which they qualify4 ,,examples4 ,he whare pai1 a good house4 ,tana hoiho nui1 his large horse4 ,,note4 ,there are some adjectives which in strict usage are only plural1 and they always have the first syllable repeated4 ,,examples4 ,he rakau ririki1 small trees4 ,nga tangata roroa1 the tall men4 #ba4 ,,degrees ,,of ,,comparison are expressed by the adverbs atu1 or ake for the comparative degree1 and tino1 or rawa1 with the definite article te for the superlative degree4 ,tino or rawa1 with the indefinite article he form an intense comparative4 ,,obs4 ,tino always stands before the adjective and rawa after it4 ,,examples4 ,he mea pai atu i tena1 a better thing than that4 ,te mea pai rawa1 the best thing4 ,he mea tino pai1 a very good thing4 ,te mea tino pai rawa1 the very best thing4 ,he mea pai rawa i tena1 a far better thing than that4 #bb4 ,when two or more adjectives are used to qualify the same noun1 repeat the noun with each1 or substitute mea for the noun after the first time4 ,,examples4 ,he whare kowhatu1 he whare pai1 a good stone house4 ,he pukapuka nui1 he mea taimaha1 a large heavy book4 ,v4 ,,numerals4 ,i4 ,,cardinal ,,numbers4 #bc4 ,,table ,,of ,,cardinal ,,numbers4 ,hia8 how many8 #a ,tahi1 or ,kotahi4 #b ,rua4 #c ,toru4 #d ,wha4 #e ,rima4 #f ,ono4 #g ,whitu4 #h ,waru4 #i ,iwa4 #aj ,tekau1 or ,ngahuru4 #aa ,tekau ma tahi4 #ab ,tekau ma rua4 #ac ,tekau ma toru4 #ad ,tekau ma wha4 #bj ,rua tekau4 #ba ,rua tekau ma tahi4 #cj ,toru tekau4 #dj ,wha tekau4 #ajj ,kotahi rau4 #aja ,kotahi rau ma tahi4 #abc ,kotahi rau e rua tekau ma toru4 #ajjj ,kotahi mano4 #bjja ,e rua mano ma tahi4 #bchd ,e rua mano e toru rau e waru tekau ma wha4 #bd4 ,in ,,counting use ka before the numeral1 thus3 ,ka hia8 how many8 does that make8 ,ka tahi1 one2 ka rua1 two2 ka toru1 three c42 ka tekau1 ten2 ka tekau ma tahi1 eleven2 ka rua tekau1 twenty2 ka kotahi rau ka rua tekau ma rima1 one hundred and twenty five4 ,in asking for any number of things use kia in the same way before the numeral1 thus3 ,mauria mai etahi toki kia rua1 bring two axes4 ,kia hia8 how many8 ,kia rua1 two4 #be4 ,,with ,,nouns4 ,when used in immediate connexion with nouns1 let kotahi stand for one1 not tahi1 and put e before the others1 from two to nine4 ,,examples4 ,he tangata kotahi1 one man4 ,nga tangata e toru1 the three men4 ,he pukapuka kotahi tekau ma rua1 twelve books4 ,nga whare e wha tekau1 the forty houses4 ,in speaking of persons1 the numerals form rua to iwa inclusive1 and the interrogative hia1 may have toko- prefixed instead of e4 ,,examples4 ,tokohia8 how many8 ,nga tangata tokoiwa1 the nine men4 #bf4 ,,distributive4 ,in using the numerals distributively prefix taki- to the simple numeral1 thus3 ,takirua1 by twos1 two and two4 ,takitahi1 singly1 or by ones4 ,,ii4 ,,ordinals4 #bg ,ordinals used ,,absolutely1 i4 e4 not in immediate connexion with nouns1 are expressed by the simple numeral with te1 thus3 ,te tahi1 the first4 ,te rua1 the second4 ,te hia8 ,which in order8 #bh4 ,,as ,,adjectives4 ,when using ordinals as adjectives in immediate connexion with nouns prefix tua- to the simple numeral from one to nine1 thus3 ,te tangata tuatahi1 the first man4 ,above nine1 without tua-1 thus3 ,te tekau o nga hoiho1 the tenth of the horses1 or the tenth horse4 ,te rua tekau ma toru o nga whare1 the twenty third of the houses1 or the twenty third house4 ,,vi4 ,,sentences ,,without ,,verbs4 #bi4 ,,subject ,,and ,,pr,,dicate4 ,the ,subject in a sentence is that of which anything is said4 ,the ,prdicate is that which is said of the ,subject4 ,,examples4 ,john is a boy4 ,john runs4 ,in both these ,john is the ,subject3 a boy1 and runs are ,prdicates4 ,the ,subject and ,prdicate do not always occupy the same relative positions in ,english1 for though the ,subject is generally placed first1 it is sometimes placed last1 especially in poetry4 ,it will be sufficiently accurate for the purposes of this chapter to consider the ,prdicate identical with the most emphatic member of the sentence4 #cj4 ,,substantive ,,verb4 ,in ,english1 when the prdicate is not a verb1 the verb to be1 commonly called the substantive verb1 is used to connect the prdicate with its subject4 ,this verb has no equivalent in ,maori1 but its place is supplied by the relative position of the different words in the sentence4 #ca4 ,,in ,,affirmative ,,sentences1 the prdicate stands first1 and the subject after it2 and two nouns1 or an adjective and noun1 placed in these relative positions form a sentence although without a verb4 ,in negative sentences1 this relative position is apparently 7 #cd7 reversed4 ,sentences of this kind are made either with1 or without the particle ko4 #cb4 ,,use ko1 when the prdicate is either #a4 ,a proper name1 or personal pronoun1 a noun of locality 7 #aj71 or either of the interrogatives wai1 or hea4 #b4 ,a common noun with any of the definitives except he4 ,,examples4 ,ko ia tenei1 this is he4 ,ko ,hemi tona ingoa1 his name is ,hemi4 ,ko toku whare tera1 that is my house4 #cc4 ,,without ko4 ,make a sentence without ko when the prdicate is either #a4 ,a common noun1 an adjective1 or a verb with the article he4 #b4 ,a noun or pronoun1 verb1 or adjective following a preposition4 ,in both these cases1 the verb or adjective is treated as a noun4 ,,examples4 ,he hanga whare tana mahi1 his work is to build houses4 ,i te mahi a ,wiremu1 ,wiremu was at work4 ,kei hea he whare mo taua8 ,where is there a house for us8 ,noku te potae mangu1 the black hat is mine4 #cd4 ,,pr,,dicate ,,of ,,many ,,words4 ,when the prdicate consists of many words1 the most emphatic word generally stands alone in the place of the prdicate1 the rest being placed after the subject4 ,this is the case when the prdicate contains an explanatory or a relative clause2 or a clause in any other way dependent on the principal word4 ,this also accounts for the apparent reversing of the positions of subject and prdicate in negative sentences1 the negation being the most prominent thing in such sentences4 ,,examples4 ,he tangata tenei no ,akarana1 this is a man from ,auckland4 ,ko te tangata tera e mohio ana ki te whakairo rakau1 that is the man who understands carving wood4 #ce4 ,,negatives4 ,the negatives of sentences with ko are always made with ehara 444 i1 ko being dropped4 ,,examples4 ,ehara tenei i a ia1 this is not he4 ,ehara tona ingoa i a ,hemi1 his name is not ,hemi4 7,see above1 #cd47 ,the negatives of sentences without ko are made sometimes with ehara 444 i and sometimes with kahore4 ,those of class #a1 in #cc are always with ehara 444 i4 ,,examples4 ,ehara tenei i te whare1 this is not a house4 ,see #af 7b74 ,ehara tana i te pukapuka pai1 his is not a good book4 ,of those in class #b1 #cc1 when the preposition is na1 or no1 the negative is made with ehara 444 i1 and the preposition dropped4 ,,example4 ,ehara i a ia te potae mangu1 the black hat is not his4 ,when the preposition is ma or mo signifying for1 use ehara i te mea1 retaining the preposition4 ,ehara i te mea mau te pukapuka1 the book is not for you4 ,when the preposition is hei signifying at1 or in possession of1 use kauaka4 ,,examples4 ,kauaka hei kona te pukapuka1 let not the book be there4 ,kauaka hei a ,hemi taku pu1 let not my gun be in the possession of ,hemi4 ,when the preposition is kei1 or i signifying at1 or in possession of1 use kahore for the negative1 with the preposition i only and never kei4 ,,examples4 ,kei hea te hoiho8 ,kahore i konei4 ,where is the horse8 ,it is not here4 ,kahore i a ia to pukapuka1 your book is not in his possession4 #cf4 ,,interrogative ,,sentences do not differ in form from those which are not interrogative4 ,those which are not essentially such from the meaning of the words1 are shewn to be so by the tone with which they are uttered4 ,those which are essentially interrogative are those which contain an interrogative pronoun or adverb4 ,,examples4 ,he hoiho tau8 ,have you a horse8 ,nou tena potae8 ,is that hat yours8 ,na wai tenei mara8 ,whose is this cultivation8 ,he kai ranei kei roto i te whare8 ,is there any food in the house8 ,kahore o pukapuka maku8 ,have you no book for me8 #cg4 ,the ,,time of these sentences without verbs may1 as far as the form of the sentence is concerned1 be either past1 present1 or future4 ,when it is not shewn by the essential meaning of any of the words it must be gathered from the context4 ,if no clue to the time is given1 what is said will be understood in present time4 ,,examples4 ,kahore aku pukapuka inanahi1 ,i had no book yesterday4 ,e hia nga hoiho mana8 ,how many horses are there for him8 ,,vii4 ,,verbs4 #ch4 ,,voice ,,and ,,tense4 ,the only inflexion of the original form of the verb is in the formation of the ,passive ,voice1 and consists in the addition of a ,passive termination to the ,active form4 ,differences of ,tense are denoted by certain auxiliary particles1 the same form in each case serving for all persons and numbers4 ,some of these particles vary1 or are differently used in negative sentences1 and some of the tenses have their own peculiar negative adverb1 and admit of no other1 as will be seen in the following example4 ,,active ,,voice4 #ci4 ,,indicative ,,mood4 #a4 ,,present4 ,e pupuri ana ahau1 ,i hold1 or am holding4 ,kahore ahau e pupuri ana1 ,i am not holding4 #b4 ,,perfect4 ,kua pupuri ahau1 ,i have held4 ,kahore ahau kia pupuri1 ,i have not held4 #c4 ,,past4 ,i pupuri ahau1 ,i held4 ,kihai ahau i pupuri1 ,i did not hold4 #d4 ,,future4 ,e pupuri ahau1 ,i shall hold4 ,e kore ahau e pupuri1 ,i shall not hold4 ,tera ahau e pupuri1 ,i shall hold4 ,tera ahau e kore e pupuri1 ,i shall not hold4 #e4 ,,transitional4 ,ka pupuri ahau1 ,i became 7or shall become7 holding4 ,ka kore ahau e pupuri1 ,i became 7or shall become7 not holding4 #dj4 ,,remarks ,,on ,,tenses4 ,the ,present and ,perfect may be also used either in ,past time1 or in ,future time1 when they respectively become either 7a7 ,past ,imperfect1 and 7b7 ,past ,perfect1 or 7c7 ,future ,imperfect1 and 7d7 ,future ,perfect4 ,in the ,future the addition of tera gives emphasis4 ,the ,transitional denotes a transition or change from one state or action to another2 or the commencement of a new action or condition1 and may be either 7e7 ,past or 7f7 ,future3 the actual time to be determined by the context4 ,,examples4 7a7 ,te taenga mai o ,rewi e kokoti witi ana ahau1 when ,rewi arrived ,i was cutting wheat4 7b7 ,te taenga mai o ,rewi1 kahore ano ahau kia hopu i te hoiho1 when ,rewi arrived ,i had not yet caught the horse4 7c7 ,kia tae mai a ,hori apopo e hopu ana ahau i te hoiho1 when ,hori arrives to-morrow ,i shall be catching the horse4 7d7 ,kia hoki mai koutou i ,waiapu kua hauhakea aku kumara1 when you return from ,waiapu my kumara will have been dug up4 7e7 ,no to karangatanga i a ,hemi ka haere atu ia ki a koe1 when you called ,hemi he went to you4 7f7 ,kia hoki mai koe ka hanga ahau i toku whare1 when you return ,i shall build my house4 ,in the two last examples1 he went1 and1 ,i shall build1 both denote the commencement of a fresh action4 #da4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 #a4 ,,present4 ,me e pupuri ana ahau1 if ,i were holding4 ,me kahore ahau e pupuri ana1 if ,i were not holding4 #b4 ,,past4 ,me i pupuri ahau1 if ,i had held4 ,me i kahore ahau i pupuri1 if ,i had not held4 #c4 ,,future4 ,ki te pupuri ahau1 if ,i should hold4 ,ki te kore ahau e pupuri1 if ,i should not hold4 ,in the ,present and ,past it is implied that the contrary to the alternative expressed is the fact4 ,in the ,future simple uncertainty is expressed4 #db4 ,,optative ,,mood4 #a4 ,with kia4 ,kia pupuri ahau1 let me hold1 or1 in a dependent sentence1 that ,i may hold4 ,kaua ahau e pupuri1 let me not hold4 ,kia kaua ahau e pupuri1 that ,i may not hold4 #b4 ,with kei4 ,kei pupuri ahau1 let me not hold1 or1 lest ,i should hold4 ,kei kore ahau e pupuri1 lest ,i should not hold4 7,this negative is only used in dependent sentences47 #dc4 ,,imperative ,,mood4 ,pupuri6 or ,e pupuri6 hold6 ,kaua e pupuri6 do not hold6 #dd4 ,,infinitive ,,mood4 ,this is merely the verb treated as a noun1 always attended by one or other of the definitives4 ,,examples4 ,he aha tana8 ,he pupuri i to hoiho4 ,what is his object8 ,to hold your horse4 ,ko te mahi ahau i toku whare1 ,i am going to work at my house4 #de4 ,,passive ,,voice4 ,the passive voice is formed generally by the addition of one of the following terminations to the active3 -a1 -ia1 -hia1 -kia1 -mia1 -ngia1 -ria1 -tia1 -whia1 -na1 -ina4 ,no rule can be laid down which termination is to be used with any given verb3 some form the passive with one only1 others again with several2 the passive termination1 therefore1 of each verb must be learnt with the active4 ,those verbs which have the first syllable doubled in the active drop the repetition in the passive2 thus pupuri becomes 7not pupuritia1 but7 puritia4 #df4 ,,the ,,tenses of the different moods in the ,passive voice are formed in the same way as in the ,active1 the passive form of the verb being merely substituted for the active1--puritia for pupuri4 ,the ,imperative ,passive is not1 like the ,imperative ,active1 confined to the second person1 but is more commonly used in the first or third person1 the command at the same time being addressed to the second person4 ,,example4 ,puritia tenei pukapuka6 be this book held by thee6 i4 e4 hold this book6 #dg4 ,,uses ,,of ,,active ,,and ,,passive4 ,the ,passive ,voice is generally used when the action is emphatic rather than the agent1 and therefore is much more frequently required than the ,active ,voice in strictly active verbs4 ,but when an active verb follows a neuter verb and is in apposition with it1 it will retain the active construction of the neuter verb4 ,,examples4 ,i mauria e ia te pukapuka1 the letter was taken by him1 i4 e4 he took the letter4 ,ka haere ahau ka mau i taku pukapuka1 ,i will go and take my letter4 #dh4 ,,transitive ,,prepositions c4 ,every active verb is connected with its object1 or the thing acted upon1 by either of the prepositions i1 or ki2 some verbs requiring one1 some the other1 and some again taking either4 ,these prepositions in some cases may be translated by an ,english preposition2 but in most cases they merely represent the connexion between the verb and its object1 and may therefore be called transitive prepositions4 ,every passive verb is connected with the agent by the preposition e1 which is rendered by in ,english4 ,,examples4 ,whakarongo ki nga kupu a ,rewa1 listen to the words of ,rewa4 ,e matau ana ahau ki taua tangata1 ,i know that man4 ,kei te tiki ia i tana hoiho1 he is fetching his horse4 ,i mahia e wai8 by whom was it done8 #di4 ,,agent ,,emphatic4 ,when special emphasis is to be laid on the agent an irregular construction is used1 the preposition na being placed before the subject in the past tense1 and ma in the future4 ,in sentences of this kind the subject1 being the most emphatic member of the sentence1 stands first1 and the object either before or after the verb1 but without any transitive preposition4 ,this construction is not properly used with neuter verbs4 ,,examples4 ,naku i pupuri tena tangata1 ,i detained that man1 i4 e4 it was ,i who detained him4 ,ma ,hone e hanga he whare mou1 ,hone shall build a house for you4 #ej4 ,,imperative ,,future4 ,another irregular construction is that of the ,imperative ,future with me1 in which the verb is active in form but passive in sense4 ,,examples4 ,me kawe e koe taku pukapuka1 you shall carry my letter 7or1 my letter must be carried by you74 ,i mahara ahau me patu tenei manu1 ,i thought that this bird was to be killed4 ,this is not used with a negative4 ,the verb ai1 there is1 it is c4 #ea4 ,,indicative ,,mood4 #a4 ,,present4 ,e ai ki tana1 or ,e ai tana1 according to his saying it is i4 e4 he says4 ,e ai ta wai8 who says so8 #b4 ,,transitional4 ,ka ai he toki mana1 there is an axe for him1 i4 e4 he has an axe4 #eb4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 #a4 ,,present4 ,me e ai ana he toki1 if there were an axe4 #b4 ,,future4 ,ki te ai he toki1 if there should be an axe4 #ec4 ,,optative ,,mood4 #a4 ,with kia4 ,kia ai he toki1 let there be an axe1 i4 e4 when1 or1 as soon as there is an axe4 #b4 ,with kei4 ,kei ai he toki1 lest there should be an axe4 ,,viii4 ,,adjectives ,,and ,,participles,a with the verb substantive4 #ed4 ,the place of the ,,substantive ,,verb in connexion with ,adjectives and ,participles1 is supplied by the verbal particles1 the adjective or participle being treated as though it were a verb4 ,it will be seen by the following example of the adjective ora1 well1 in health1 that the notion of becoming1 which is peculiarly the characteristic of the transitional1 runs more or less through almost all the tenses4 ,the present tense with e--ana is not required with participles4 ,a ,by participles here are meant1 not participles derived from verbs1 as in the ,european languages1 but a class of words of independent origin which can only be rendered into ,english by participles4 ,such are oti1 completed2 makona1 satisfied2 pau1 consumed2 c4 #ee4 ,,indicative ,,mood4 #a4 ,,present4 ,e ora ana ahau1 ,i am well4 ,kahore ahau e ora ana1 ,i am not well4 #b4 ,,perfect4 ,kua ora ahau1 ,i have become well4 ,kahore ahau kia ora1 ,i have not become well4 #c4 ,,past4 ,i ora ahau1 ,i was well1 or became well4 ,kihai ahau i ora1 ,i was not well4 #d4 ,,future4 ,e ora ahau1 ,i shall be 7or become7 well4 ,e kore ahau e ora1 ,i shall not be 7or become7 well4 #e4 ,,transitional4 ,ka ora ahau1 ,i become well4 ,ka kore ahau e ora1 ,i become not well4 #ef4 ,,subjunctive ,,mood4 #a4 ,,present4 ,me e ora ana ahau1 if ,i were well4 ,me kahore ahau e ora ana1 if ,i were not well4 #b4 ,,past4 ,me i ora ahau1 if ,i had been well4 ,me i kahore ahau i ora1 if ,i had not been well4 #c4 ,,future4 ,ki te ora ahau1 if ,i should be 7or become7 well4 ,ki te kore ahau e ora1 if ,i should not be 7or become7 well4 #eg4 ,,optative ,,mood4 #a4 ,with kia4 ,kia ora ahau1 that ,i should be 7or become7 well4 ,kia kaua ahau e ora1 that ,i should not be 7or become7 well4 #b4 ,with kei4 ,kei ora ahau1 lest ,i should be 7or become7 well4 ,kei kore ahau e ora1 lest ,i should not be 7or become7 well4 #eh4 ,the remarks made on the tenses of the verbs in #dj1 #da are applicable also here4 #ei4 ,,preposition i4 ,adjectives and participles are followed by the preposition i 7not e1 which belongs only to passive verbs71 to denote the agency or instrumentality by which the effect has been or is to be produced4 ,,examples4 ,kua ora ahau i to rongoa1 ,i have become well by means of your medicine4 ,ka pau tana kai i te kuri1 his food is consumed by the dog4 #fj4 ,,explanatory ,,verb4 ,sometimes a verb in the infinitive mood is added to a participle by way of explanation1 and in that case the preposition will be different according as the agent is placed after the participle1 or after the verb4 ,if after the participle1 it will be i3 if after the verb1 it will be e4 ,,example4 ,ka pau to paraoa i te kuri te kai1 or1 ,ka pau te paraoa te kai e te kuri1 the bread is eaten up by the dog 7is consumed by eating74 ,,ix4 ,,relative ,,clauses4 #fa4 ,there are ,,no ,,relative ,,pronouns in ,maori4 ,their place is supplied either by the position of the words forming the relative clause2 or by the personal pronoun of the #crd person singular2 or again1 by the use of certain particles4 #fb4 ,,who4 ,when the relative in ,english is the subject of a verb in the relative clause3 7a7 ,that verb may be placed immediately after the antecedent portion of the sentence without any expressed subject4 ,,examples4 ,te tangata e hanga whare ana1 the man who is house-building4 ,te hoiho i kitea e taua1 the horse which was seen by you and me4 7b7 ,if the relative clause is past or future1 the construction mentioned in #di may be used2 the pronoun of the third person singular serving for all persons and numbers4 ,,examples4 ,ko ,hemi te tangata nana i patu taku witi1 the man who threshed my wheat was ,hemi4 ,ko nga tangata enei nana i tahu te ngahere1 these are the men who set the forest on fire4 #fc4 ,,whom1 ,,or ,,which4 ,when the relative in ,english is objective1 and is governed by a verb or by one of these prepositions3 by1 by-means-of1 on-account-of1 by-reason-of2 the verb in the relative clause is followed by nei1 na1 ra1 or ai1 without a preposition2 and in the present tense ana after the verb is omitted4 ,for the force of nei1 na1 and ra1 see #ah4 ,use ai only with the past and future4 ,the subject of the verb in the relative clause may either be expressed directly1 or it may be implied in a possessive definitive placed before the antecedent4 ,,examples4 ,te whare e hanga nei koe1 the house which you are building4 ,tau pukapuka e korero na1 that book which you are reading4 ,te mea e raru ai ahau1 the thing by means of which ,i shall be perplexed4 ,tau tangata i karanga ai1 the man whom you called4 #fd4 ,,inverted ,,construction4 ,in those cases in which the relative is governed by the verb in the relative clause the construction may be inverted1 by making the verb passive 7 #dg71 with the relative as its subject4 ,,examples4 ,te whare e hangaa nei e koe1 the house which is being built by you4 ,te pukapuka e korerotia na e koe1 the book which is being read by you4 #fe4 ,,whose1 ,,for ,,whom c4 ,when the relative in ,english is possessive1 or governed by any other preposition than those enumerated in #fc1 use the personal pronoun of the third person singular for all persons and numbers with the requisite preposition4 ,,examples4 ,te iwi nona te whenua1 the people whose the land is4 ,te tangata i hoatu nei e ahau ki a ia te pukapuka1 the man to whom ,i gave the book4 #ff4 ,,whosoever4 ,there is no equivalent in ,maori for the word whosoever3 it must therefore always be resolved into the man who1 the persons who1 if any man c41 but not into he who1 or those who4 ,,examples4 ,te tangata he pukapuka tana1 whoever has a book 7the man who c474 ,nga tangata e matau ana ki te korero pukapuka1 whosoever knows how to read 7the men who c474 ,x4 ,,adverbs4 #fg4 ,,position4 ,the following adverbs1 tino1 very2 maatua1 first2 and ata1 gently1 quite1 always stand before the words which they qualify2 other adverbs after the qualified words4 ,,examples4 ,he tangata tino pai1 a very good man4 ,kia maatua rapua te toki1 first let the axe be looked for4 ,he kino rawa tena1 that is very bad4 #fh4 ,,added ,,terminations4 ,other adverbs1 which have reference to the manner1 intensity c4 of an action when they qualify1 have the passive termination -tia added to them when used with passive verbs1 and the termination -tanga when used with verbal nouns4 ,,examples4 ,i kainga otatia nga kumara1 the kumara were eaten raw4 ,mo tana patunga pukutanga i a au1 on account of his secretly striking me4 ,,xi4 ,,prepositions4 #fi4 ,,simple ,,prepositions4 ,a1 of1 belonging to4 7,see #ai47 at1 of future time3 a hea8 at what time8 ,o1 of1 belonging to1 passive of a 7 #ai74 ,na1 of1 belonging to4 7 #af1 #ai47 by1 by means of1 on account of4 ,no1 of1 belonging to 7 #af1 #ai71 passive of na4 from1 of place1 but not after verbs of motion4 from1 at1 of time past4 ,ma1 for4 7 #ai47 by1 of means4 by1 through1 of direction4 ,mo1 for1 passive of ma4 at1 on1 of time future4 ,e1 by1 of agent1 only after passive verbs4 7 #dh47 ,i1 by1 of agent or instrument1 after participles1 adjectives1 and neuter verbs4 7 #ei47 by reason of4 from1 after verbs of motion4 with1 in possession of1 or having in possession4 at1 of time1 generally past4 at1 of place1 generally in time past4 in state of1 in act of1 in time past1 govern adjectives or verbs4 simply transitive1 no ,english equivalent4 7 #dh47 ,kei1 at1 of place1 in time present4 with in possession of1 in time present4 in state of1 in act of1 with adjectives or verbs in time present4 ,hei1 at1 of place1 or time1 future4 with in possession of1 in time future4 for to serve as1 without any definitive4 ,ki1 to1 of place or action4 at1 or in1 of place in which a thing is done c4 with1 of instrument4 according to1 concerning4 after verbs without any ,english equivalent4 7 #dh47 ,me1 with1 in addition1 and--too4 ,ko1 to1 going to1 with nouns of place and infinitives of active verbs4 #gj4 ,,complex ,,prepositions4 ,these are irregular modes of using some of the nouns of locality enumerated in #aj4 ,,series #a4 ,ki runga ki1 ,i runga i1 upon1 on the top of4 ,kei runga kei1 ,hei runga hei1 ,no runga no1 from upon1 i4 e4 belonging to the top of4 ,i runga i1 from upon1 with special idea of motion from4 ,mo runga mo1 for the top of4 ,ma runga ma1 over1 by the top of 7direction74 ,ko runga ko1 to the top of4 ,,series #b4 ,ki runga i1 ,i runga i1 above1 over4 ,kei runga i1 ,hei runga i1 ,no runga i1 from above1 i4 e4 belonging to that situation4 ,i runga i1 from above1 implying motion from4 ,mo runga i1 for above1 i4 e4 to be above4 ,ma runga i1 by above1 over1 7of direction74 ,ko runga i1 to above1 over4 ,in the second of these series o may be substituted for i1 in which case the construction will be regular4 ,the simple prepositions may be combined in the same way with raro1 to signify under1 beneath c42 with roto1 to signify in1 into1 inside c42 with waho1 to signify without1 outside1 from without c4 ,mua and ,muri are only used in series #b4 ,,xii4 ,,have1 ,,had c4 #ga4 ,,the ,,verb ,,to ,,have having no equivalent in ,maori1 its place is supplied by the following expedients4 #a4 ,by the use of the possessive definitives 7 #ae7 the time 7present or past7 being gathered from the context4 ,,examples4 ,he hoiho tana1 he has a horse1 or1 he had a horse4 ,kahore ana hoiho1 he had no horse4 #b4 ,by the use of the prepositions kei1 i1 hei1 respectively for present1 past and future4 ,,examples4 ,kei a au to pukapuka1 ,i have your book4 ,kahore i a au to pukapuka1 ,i have not your book4 #c4 ,by using the verb ai 7 #ea7 followed by the preposition ma or mo4 ,,examples4 ,ka ai he toki mana1 he has an axe4 ,me e ai ana he hoiho mau1 if you had a horse4 #d4 ,by using the adjective whai1 which signifies possessing1 the thing possessed being used as another adjective qualifying whai4 ,kua whai pukapuka koe8 have you a book8 7literally1 have you become book-possessing87 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,vocabulary4 ,in pronunciation1 unless a word is otherwise marked1 always accentuate the first syllable4 ,a1 def41 he2 pl4 he4 ,able1 to be1 v41 ahei4 ,abode1 s41 kaainga4 ,above1 prep41 ki runga i2 kei runga i2 i runga i2 hei runga i4 7,see #gj47 ,absent1 adj41 ngaro4 ,abundant1 adj41 nui2 huhua4 ,across1 prep41 ki tawahi o4 ,add together1 v41 huihui2 pass4 huihuia4 ,adult1 s41 kaumaatua4 ,after1 prep41 ki muri i2 kei muri i2 i muri i2 hei muri i4 7,see #gj47 ,afterwards1 adv41 muri iho4 ,again1 adv41 ano4 ,all1 adj41 katoa4 ,allow1 v41 tuku2 pass4 tukua4 ,ancle1 s41 pona4 ,angry1 adj41 riri4 ,answer1 v41 whakahoki kupu 7followed by prep4 ki74 ,any1 def41 tetahi2 pl4 etahi4 ,arise1 v4 n41 ara4 ,arm1 s41 taakakau2 ringaringa4 ,army1 s41 taua4 ,arouse1 v41 whakara2 pass4 whakarahia4 ,arrive1 v4 n41 tae2 pass4 taea1 be arrived at4 ,ashes1 s41 pungarehu4 ,ask1 v4 7put a question71 ui2 pass4 uia 7followed by prep4 ki74 ,ask for1 v41 tono2 pass4 tonoa4 ,assemble1 v4 a41 whakamne2 pass4 whakamnea4 ,assemble1 v4 n41 huihui4 ,attack1 v41 whakaeke2 pass4 whakaekea4 ,axe1 s41 toki4 ,back1 s41 tuara4 ,bad1 adj41 kino4 ,bag1 s41 peeke4 ,bald1 adj41 pakira4 ,bank of a river1 s41 tahataha4 ,barter1 v41 hoko2 pass4 hokoa4 ,bathe1 v4 n41 kaukau4 ,battle1 s41 pakanga4 ,bay1 s41 kokoru4 ,beak1 s41 ngutu4 ,beard1 s41 pahau4 ,beast1 s41 kararehe4 ,beautiful1 adj41 atahua4 ,because1 conj41 no te mea4 ,bed1 s41 moenga4 ,before1 prep41 ki mua i2 kei mua i2 i mua i2 hei mua i4 7,see #gj47 ,beg1 v41 inoi2 pass4 inoia4 ,begin1 v41 timata2 pass4 timataia4 ,behind1 prep41 ki muri i2 kei muri i2 i muri i2 hei muri i4 7,see #gj47 ,believe1 v41 whakapno 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 whakapnohia4 ,belly1 s41 kopu4 ,below1 prep41 ki raro i2 kei raro i2 i raro i2 hei raro i4 7,see #gj47 ,bent1 adj41 piko4 ,bird1 s41 manu4 ,birth1 s41 whanautanga4 ,bite1 v41 ngau2 pass4 ngaua4 ,bitter1 adj41 kawa4 ,black1 adj41 mangu4 ,blind1 adj41 matapo4 ,blood1 s41 toto4 ,blunt1 adj41 puhuki4 ,board1 s41 papa4 ,body1 s41 tinana4 ,boil1 v4 n41 koropupuu2 v4 a41 kohua2 pass4 kohuatia4 ,bone1 s41 wheua4 ,book1 s41 pukapuka4 ,bottom1 the1 s41 raro4 7,see #aj47 ,box1 s41 pouaka4 ,boy1 s41 tamaiti tane2 pl4 tamariki tane4 ,brain1 s41 roro4 ,branch1 s41 manga4 ,break1 v4 7a stick c471 whawhti2 pass4 whatiia2 7a cord c471 momtu2 pass4 motuhia4 ,breast1 s41 uma4 ,breathe1 v4 n41 ta te manawa4 7,ex4 ka ta toku manawa1 ,i breathe47 ,bring1 v41 mau mai2 pass4 mauria mai4 ,broad1 adj41 whanui4 ,broken1 adj41 whati2 motu4 7,see ,break47 ,brook1 s41 manga4 ,brown1 adj41 pakaakaa4 ,build1 v41 hanga2 pass4 hangaa4 ,bury1 v41 tanu2 pass4 tanumia4 ,but1 conj41 otira4 ,buy1 v41 hoko2 pass4 hokoa4 ,by1 prep41 #a4 of agent1 after passive verbs1 e2 #b4 of agent or instrument1 after neuter verbs1 adjectives c41 i2 #c4 of direction1 ma4 ,call1 v41 karanga2 pass4 karangatia4 ,calm1 adj41 marino4 ,can1 v4 n41 ahei 7not followed by a preposition74 ,canoe1 s41 waka4 ,carry1 v41 kawe2 pass4 kawea4 ---- on the shoulders1 pikau2 pass4 pikaua4 ,catch1 v41 hopu2 pass4 hopukia4 ,cause1 s41 take4 ,cautious1 adj41 tupato4 ,chain1 s41 mekameka4 ,charcoal1 s41 waro4 ,cheek1 s41 paapaaringa4 ,chest1 the1 s41 poho4 ,chief1 s41 rangatira4 ,child1 s41 tamaiti2 pl4 tamariki4 ,chin1 s41 kauwae4 ,choose1 v41 whiriwhiri2 pass4 whiriwhiria4 ,claw1 s41 matikuku4 ,clean1 adj41 ma4 ,climb1 v4 n41 piki2 pass4 pikitia1 be climbed up or over4 ,clod1 s41 pai oneone4 ,clothes1 s41 kakahu4 ,cloud1 s41 kapua4 ,coast1 s41 tahatai4 ,cold1 s41 huka4 ,cold1 adj41 matao4 ,come1 v4 n41 haere mai4 ,command1 v41 whakahu2 pass4 whakahua4 ,companion1 s41 hoa4 ,consent1 v41 whakae 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 whakaetia1 be agreed to4 ,consumed1 part41 pau4 ,cooked1 adj41 maoa4 ,cool1 adj41 matao4 ,corpse1 s41 tupapaku4 ,courtyard1 s41 marae4 ,cover1 s4 7lid c471 taupoki2 7cloth c47 hipoki4 ,cover1 v41 taupoki2 pass4 taupokina2 hipoki2 pass4 hipokina4 ,cry1 v41 tangi 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 tangihia1 be cried for4 ,cure1 v41 whakara2 pass4 whakarangia4 ,current1 s41 au4 ,cut1 v41 tapahi2 pass4 tapahia4 ,dark1 adj41 pouri4 ,daughter1 s41 tamahine4 ,dawn1 s41 puaotanga4 ,day1 s41 ra4 ,daylight1 s41 awatea4 ,dead1 adj41 mate4 ,deaf1 adj41 turi4 ,deceive1 v41 maminga2 pass4 mamingatia4 ,deep1 adj41 hohonu4 ,dig1 v41 keri2 pass4 keria4 ,dirty1 adj41 poke4 ,distant1 adj41 tawhiti4 ,dive for1 v41 ruku2 pass4 rukuhia4 ,dog1 s41 kuri4 ,door1 s41 tatau4 ,doorway1 s41 kuwaha4 ,down1 adv41 iho4 ,drag1 v41 to2 pass4 toia4 ,dream1 s41 moemoeaa4 ,drink1 v41 inu2 pass4 inumia4 ,drive1 v41 a2 pass4 aia4 ,drop1 s41 pata4 ,drop1 v4 n4 7as water71 maturuturu2 7as anything solid71 marere4 ,duck1 s41 paarera4 ,dust1 s41 puehu4 ,dwell1 v4 n41 noho2 pass4 nohoia1 be dwelt in4 ,ear1 s41 taringa4 ,earth1 s41 oneone4 ,eat1 v41 kai2 pass4 kainga4 ,ebb1 v4 n41 timu4 ,elbow1 s41 tuke4 ,embrace1 v41 awhi2 pass4 awhitia4 ,empty1 adj41 takoto kau4 ,enemy1 s41 hoariri4 ,enlarge1 v41 whakani2 pass4 whakania4 ,enter1 v41 tomo2 pass4 tomokia4 ,equal1 adj41 rite4 ,evening1 s41 ahiahi4 ,eye1 s41 kanohi4 ,eyebrow1 s41 tukemata4 ,face1 s41 mata4 ,faint1 adj41 hemo4 ,fall1 v4 n4 7from an upright position71 hinga2 pass4 hingaia1 be fallen upon4 ---- 7as water71 rere4 ---- 7as a landslip c471 horo4 ---- off1 taka4 ,farewell6 7if the person addressed is going7 ,haere ra6 7if remaining7 ,hei kona6 ,fat1 s41 ngako4 ,fat1 adj41 momona4 ,father1 s41 paapaa4 ,fear1 v41 wehi 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 wehingia4 ,feed1 v41 whangai2 pass4 whangaia4 ,female1 adj41 wahine2 7of animals71 uha4 ,fence1 s41 taiepa4 ,fetch1 v41 tiki2 pass4 tikina4 ,few1 adj41 torutoru4 ,fight1 v41 whawhai 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 whawhaitia4 ,find1 v41 kite2 pass4 kitea4 ,finger1 s41 maikara4 ,finger-nail1 s41 maikuku4 ,fire1 s41 ahi4 ,firm1 adj41 u4 ,fish1 s41 ika4 ,flame1 s41 mura4 ,flat1 adj41 pararahi4 ,flesh1 s41 kiko4 ,float1 v4 n41 maanu4 ,flood1 s41 waipuke4 ,flower1 s41 puaawai4 ,fly1 s41 namu4 ,fog1 s41 kohu4 ,follow1 v41 whai2 pass4 whaia4 ,foot1 s41 waewae4 ,for1 prep41 mo2 ma4 ,forehead1 s41 rae4 ,form1 s41 ahua4 ,friend1 s41 hoa4 ,frost1 s41 huka4 ,fuel1 s41 wahie4 ,full1 adj41 ki4 ,gate1 s41 tatau4 ,gateway1 s41 kuwaha4 ,girl1 s41 kotiro4 ,give1 v41 homai2 hoatu2 pass4 homai2 hoatu2 7mai denoting direction towards1 atu away from the speaker74 ,glad1 adj41 koa4 ,go1 v4 n41 haere2 pass4 haerea1 be travelled over4 ,god1 s41 atua4 ,gone1 part41 riro4 ,good1 adj41 pai4 ,grandfather1 or grandmother1 s41 tupuna2 pl4 tuupuna4 ,grey hairs1 s41 hina4 ,ground1 s41 oneone4 ,guide1 s41 kai arahi4 ,gun1 s41 pu4 ,hair1 s41 makawe4 ,hand1 s41 ringaringa4 ,hang1 v4 n41 iri4 ---- v4 a41 whakari4 ,hard1 adj41 pakeke4 ,hatchet1 s41 paatiitii4 ,have1 v4 ,see part ,i1 #ga4 ,head1 s41 upoko4 ,headache1 s41 anini4 ,hear1 v41 rongo2 pass4 rangona4 ,heat1 s41 werawera4 ,heaven1 s41 rangi4 ,heavy1 adj41 taimaha4 ,heel1 s41 rekereke4 ,height1 s41 tiketike4 ,hence1 adv41 i konei4 ,henceforth1 adv41 a mua ake nei4 ,herd1 s41 kahui4 ,here1 adv41 ki konei2 kei konei2 i konei2 hei konei4 ,hereafter1 adv41 a muri nei4 ,hide1 v41 huna2 pass4 hunaa4 ,high1 adj41 tiketike4 ,hill1 s41 puke4 ,his1 def41 tana2 pl4 ana2 tona2 pl4 ona4 ,hither1 adv41 ki konei4 ,hold1 v41 pupri2 pass4 puritia4 ,hole1 s41 rua4 ,hollow1 adj41 puare4 ,holy1 adj41 tapu4 ,hook1 s41 matau4 ,hoop1 s41 whiti4 ,hope for1 v41 tumanako 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 tumanakohia4 ,hot1 adj41 wera4 ,house1 s41 whare4 ,how1 adv41 pehea4 ,hunger1 s41 hemokai4 ,hungry1 adj41 hemokai4 ,husband1 s41 tane4 ,i1 pron41 ahau4 ,idle1 adj41 mangere4 ,if1 conj41 ki te mea2 me he mea4 7,see #da47 ,ignorant1 adj41 kuware4 ,impatient1 adj41 whaawhai4 ,in1 prep41 ki roto i2 kei roto i2 i roto i2 hei roto i4 7,see #gj47 ,ink1 s41 mangumangu4 ,inside1 the1 s41 roto4 7,see #aj47 ,into1 prep41 ki roto ki4 ,interpret1 v41 whakamori2 pass4 whakamoritia4 ,interval1 s41 takiwa4 ,iron1 s41 rino4 ,jaw1 s41 kauwae4 ,join1 v41 hono2 pass4 honoa4 ,joint1 s41 pona4 ,judge1 s41 kai whakarite whakawa4 ,just1 adj41 tika4 ,keep1 v4 7retain71 pupri2 pass4 puritia2 7take care of71 tiaki2 pass4 tiakina4 ,kill1 v41 patu2 pass4 patua4 ,kind1 adj41 atawhai4 ,knee1 s41 turi4 ,kneel1 v41 tuturi4 ,knot1 s41 pona4 ,know1 v41 matau 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 matauria4 ,lame1 adj41 kopa4 ,land1 s41 whenua4 ,language1 s41 reo4 ,large1 adj41 nui4 ,last1 adj41 whakamtunga4 ,laugh1 v4 n41 kata2 pass4 kataina1 be laughed at4 ,law1 s41 ture4 ,lay41 v41 whakatkoto2 pass4 whakatkotoria4 ,leaf1 s41 rau4 ,leap1 v4 n41 tupeke4 ,learn1 v41 ako2 pass4 akona ,left1 part41 mahue4 ,left hand1 ringa maui4 ,leg1 s41 waewae4 ,length1 s41 roa4 ,letter1 s41 pukapuka4 ,lest1 conj41 kei4 ,lie1 v4 n41 takoto4 ,lie1 s41 korero teka4 ,life1 s41 oranga4 ,lift1 v41 hapai2 pass4 hapainga4 ,light1 adj4 7not heavy71 maamaa4 ,light1 adj4 7not dark71 maarama4 ,line1 s4 7cord71 aho4 ,lip1 s41 ngutu4 ,listen1 v4 n41 whakarngo 7followed by prep4 ki74 ,little1 adj41 iti2 pl4 ririki4 ,long1 adj41 roa4 ,look at1 v41 titiro 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 tirohia4 ,loose1 adj41 korokoro4 ,loosen1 v41 wewte2 pass4 wetekia4 ,love1 s41 aroha4 ,low1 adj41 hakahaka4 ,mad1 adj41 porangi4 ,maize1 s41 kaanga4 ,make1 v41 hanga2 pass4 hangaa4 ,male1 adj4 7human71 tane2 7of animals71 toa4 ,man1 s41 tangata4 ,manure1 s41 wairakau4 ,many1 adj41 maha4 ,marry1 v41 marena2 pass4 marenatia4 ,medicine1 s41 rongoa4 ,meet1 v41 tutaki 7followed by prep4 ki74 ,melt1 v41 whakarwa2 pass4 whakarwaina4 ,middle1 the1 s41 waenganui4 ,midnight1 s41 waenganui po4 ,milk1 s41 waiu4 ,mine1 pron41 naku4 ,mind1 s41 hinengaro4 ,mix1 v41 whakannu2 pass4 whakannua4 ,month1 s41 marama4 ,moon1 s41 marama4 ,mother1 s41 whaea4 ,move1 v41 neke2 pass4 nekehia4 ,mountain1 s41 maunga4 ,mouth1 s41 mangai4 ,murder1 v41 kohuru2 pass4 kohurutia4 ,my1 pron41 taku2 pl4 aku2 toku2 pl4 oku4 ,name1 s41 ingoa4 ,narrow1 adj41 whaiti4 ,nation1 s41 iwi4 ,near1 adj41 tata4 ,neck1 s41 kakii4 ,nest1 s41 kohanga4 ,net1 s41 kupenga4 ,new1 adj41 hou4 ,night1 s41 po4 ,no1 adv41 kahore4 ,noise1 s41 turituri4 ,nose1 s41 ihu4 ,now1 adv41 aianei4 ,oar1 s41 hoe4 ,of1 prep41 a2 o4 ,oil1 s41 hinu4 ,on1 prep41 ki runga i2 kei runga i2 i runga i2 hei runga i4 7,see #gj47 ,one1 adj41 kothi4 ,open1 adj41 puare4 ,open1 v41 whakapare4 ,orphan1 s41 pani4 ,outside1 the1 s41 waho4 ,oyster1 s41 tio4 ,pain1 s41 mamae4 ,palm 7of the hand71 s41 kapu4 ,parent1 s41 matua2 pl4 maatua4 ,part1 s41 wahi4 ,past1 adj41 pahure4 ,path1 s41 ara4 ,peace1 s41 rongo mau4 ,make peace1 hohu rongo2 pass4 houhia te rongo4 ,peace is made1 ka mau te rongo4 ,perhaps1 adv41 pea4 ,pig1 s41 poaka4 ,pigeon1 s41 kukupa4 ,pity1 v41 atawhai2 pass4 atawhaitia4 ,plait1 v41 whiri2 pass4 whiria4 ,play1 v41 takaro4 ,pleasant1 adj41 ahuareka4 ,pluck up1 v41 huhuti2 pass4 hutia4 ,point1 s41 matamata4 ,pool1 s41 roto4 ,poor1 adj41 rawakore4 ,possessing1 adj41 whai1 7the thing possessed being treated like an adjective qualifying whai27 whai pukapuka1 book-possessing4 ,praise1 v41 whakapi2 pass4 whakapingia4 ,pray1 v41 inoi2 pass4 inoia4 ,present1 s41 mea hoatu noa4 ,price1 s41 utu4 ,prick1 v41 wero2 pass4 werohia4 ,pull1 v41 kukume2 pass4 kumea4 ,push1 v41 pana2 pass4 panaa4 ,question1 v41 patai2 pass4 pataia4 ,quick1 adj41 tere4 ,quiet1 adj41 ata noho4 ,rain1 s41 ua4 ,rainbow1 s41 uenuku4 ,raise1 v41 hapai2 pass4 hapainga4 ,ram1 v41 tuki2 pass4 tukia4 ,rat1 s41 kiore4 ,raw1 adj41 kaiota4 ,read1 v41 korero pukapuka2 pass4 korerotia4 ,receive1 v41 tango2 pass4 tangohia4 ,refuse1 v41 whakakno2 pass4 whakaknongia4 ,reject1 v41 whakarre2 pass4 whakarrea4 ,religion1 s41 karakia4 ,remain1 v4 n4 7in a place71 noho2 7as a residue71 toe4 ,remainder1 s41 toenga4 ,rest1 v41 okioki4 ,return1 v41 hoki4 ,rib1 s41 rara4 ,rich1 adj41 whai-taonga4 ,riches1 s41 taonga4 ,rider1 s41 kai eke hoiho4 ,right1 adj41 tika4 ,right 7hand71 adj41 matau4 ,ring1 s41 mowhiti4 ,ripe1 adj41 maoa4 ,rise1 v41 ara4 ,river1 s41 awa4 ,road1 s41 huarahi4 ,roast1 v41 tunu2 pass4 tunua4 ,rob1 v41 pahua2 pass4 pahuatia4 ,rock1 s41 kamaka4 ,roll1 v41 huri2 pass4 hurihia4 ,roof1 s41 tuanui4 ,root1 s41 pakiaka4 ,rope1 s41 taura4 ,rotten1 adj41 pirau4 ,rough1 adj41 taratara4 ,round1 adj41 porotaka4 ,row1 v41 hoe2 pass4 hoea4 ,row1 s41 rarangi4 ,rub1 v41 muku2 pass4 mukua4 ,run1 v41 oma2 pass4 omakia1 be run for4 ,rust1 s41 waikura4 ,sad1 adj41 pouri4 ,sail1 s41 ra4 ,salt1 s41 tote4 ,save1 v41 whakara2 pass4 whakarangia4 ,saw1 s41 kani4 ,say1 v41 ki2 pass4 kiia4 ,sea1 s41 moana4 ,search for1 v41 rapu2 pass4 rapua4 ,seat1 s41 nohoanga4 ,second1 adj41 tuarua4 ,secret1 adj41 ngaro4 ,see1 v41 kite2 pass4 kitea4 ,seed1 s41 purapura4 ,seize1 v41 hopu2 pass4 hopukia4 ,sell1 v41 hoko2 pass4 hokoa4 ,send1 v41 tono2 pass4 tonoa2 7,not used of sending inanimate things1 presents c43 in such cases use hoatu1 or homai47 ,servant1 s41 kai mahi4 ,sew1 v41 tuitui2 pass4 tuituia4 ,shadow1 s41 ata4 ,shady1 adj41 marumaru4 ,shake1 v4 n41 oioi4 ,shake1 v4 a41 whakaooi2 pass4 whakaooia4 ,shame1 s41 whakam4 ,shape1 s41 ahua4 ,shark1 s41 mango4 ,sharp1 adj41 koi4 ,sharpen1 v41 whakaki2 pass4 whakakia4 ,shew1 v41 whakatu2 pass4 whakaturia4 ,ship1 s41 kaipuke4 ,shiver1 v4 n41 wiri4 ,shoot1 v41 puphi2 pass4 puhia4 ,short1 adj41 poto4 ,shoulder1 s41 pokohiwi4 ,shout1 v41 hamama4 ,sick1 adj41 mate4 ,sickness1 s41 mate4 ,side1 s41 taha4 ,sift1 v41 taatari2 pass4 taataria4 ,sin1 s41 hara4 ,sing1 v41 waiata2 pass4 waiatatia4 ,single1 adj41 kothi4 ,sink1 v41 tothu4 ,sister1 s4 7a man's71 tuahine2 7a woman's elder71 tuakana2 7a woman's younger71 teina4 ,sit1 v4 n41 noho2 pass4 nohoia1 be sat upon4 ,skin1 s41 kiri4 ,skull1 s41 angaanga4 ,sky1 s41 kikorangi4 ,sleep1 v4 n41 moe4 ,sleepy1 adj41 hiamoe4 ,slip1 v4 n41 paheke4 ,slippery1 adj41 mania4 ,slow1 adj41 puhoi4 ,small1 adj41 nohinohi4 ,smear1 v41 pani2 pass4 pania4 ,smell1 v41 hongi2 pass4 hongia4 ,smell1 s41 haunga4 ,smoke1 s41 auahi4 ,smooth1 adj41 maeneene4 ,snow1 s41 hukarere4 ,so1 adv4 7in that manner71 pena2 pera4 7,see #ah47 ,soft1 adj41 ngohengohe4 ,soil1 s41 oneone4 ,sole of the foot1 s41 raparapa4 ,solid1 adj41 maaroo4 ,some1 def41 tetahi2 pl4 etahi4 ,son1 s41 tama4 ,son-in-law1 s41 hunaonga4 ,sow1 v41 rui2 pass4 ruia4 ,space1 s41 takiwa4 ,spade1 s41 kaheru4 ,speak1 v41 korero2 pass4 korerotia4 ,spittle1 s41 huware4 ,split1 v41 wawhi2 pass4 wahia4 ,sprained1 adj41 taui4 ,spring 7of water71 s41 puna4 ,square1 adj41 tapawha4 ,staff1 s41 tokotoko4 ,stand1 v41 tu4 ,star1 s41 whetuu4 ,start1 v4 n41 oho4 ,stay1 v4 n41 noho4 ,steal1 v41 tahae2 pass4 tahaetia4 ,steep1 adj41 poupou4 ,stalk1 s41 kakau4 ,stomach1 s41 puku4 ,stone1 s41 kowhatu4 ,stoop1 v41 tuohu4 ,storm1 s41 tupuhi4 ,straight1 adj41 tika4 ,strange1 adj41 ke4 ,straw1 s41 taakakau4 ,strength1 s41 kaha4 ,strike1 v41 patu2 pass4 patua4 ,string1 s41 aho4 ,strong1 adj41 kaha4 ,stumble1 v4 n41 tuutuki4 ,suck1 v41 ngote2 pass4 ngotea4 ,summer1 s41 raumati4 ,summit1 s41 tihi4 ,sun1 s41 ra4 ,swallow1 v41 horo2 pass4 horomia4 ,swamp1 s41 repo4 ,sweat1 s41 kakwa4 ,sweet1 adj41 reka4 ,swell1 v4 n41 puphi4 ,swim1 v4 n41 kauhoe4 ,take1 v41 tango2 pass4 tangohia4 ,talk1 v41 korero2 pass4 korerotia4 ,tall1 adj41 roa4 ,tame1 adj41 rata4 ,teach1 v41 whakako2 pass4 whakakona4 ,tear1 s41 roimata4 ,tear1 v41 haehae2 pass4 haea4 ,tell1 v41 korero2 pass4 korerotia4 ,than1 conj41 i4 ,that1 def41 tena2 tera2 taua4 7,see #ah47 ,then1 adv41 i reira2 ko reira4 ,thence1 adv41 i reira2 i kona2 i ko4 7,see #aj47 ,there1 adv41 ki reira2 kei reira2 i reira2 hei reira2 ki kona c42 ki ko c4 7,see #aj and #fi47 ,thick1 adj41 matotoru4 ,thief1 s41 tahae4 ,thigh1 s41 huha4 ,thin1 adj41 rahirahi4 ,thine1 pron41 nau4 ,thing1 s41 mea4 ,think of1 v41 mahara 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 maharatia4 ,thirst1 s41 matewai4 ,this1 def41 tenei2 pl4 enei4 ,thither1 adv41 ki kona2 ki ko2 ki reira4 7,see #aj47 ,thorn1 s41 koikoi4 ,thread1 s41 miro4 ,throat1 s41 korokoro4 ,through2 to go or come through1 v4 n41 puta4 ,throw1 v41 maka2 pass4 makaa4 ,thumb1 s41 koromatua4 ,thunder1 s41 whatitiri4 ,thus1 adv41 penei4 ,thy1 def41 tau2 pl4 au2 tou2 pl4 ou2 to2 pl4 o4 7,see #ai47 ,tide1 s41 tai2 flood tide1 tai pari2 ebb tide1 tai timu4 ,tie1 v41 here2 pass4 herea4 ,tight1 adj41 kikii4 ,tip1 s41 matamata4 ,to-day1 adv41 aianei2 inianei2 nonianei4 ,toe1 s41 maikara4 ,to-morrow1 adv41 apopo4 ,tooth1 s41 niho4 ,top1 the1 s41 runga4 7,see #aj47 ,trample on1 v41 takahi2 pass4 takahia4 ,translate1 v41 whakamori2 pass4 whakamoritia4 ,tree1 s41 rakau4 ,tremble1 v4 n41 wiri4 ,trench1 s41 manga4 ,trouble1 s41 raruraru4 ,true1 adj41 pono4 ,try1 v41 whakamtau2 pass4 whakamtauria4 ,turn1 v41 huri2 pass4 hurihia4 ,twins1 s41 maahanga4 ,twist1 v41 whiri2 pass4 whiria4 ,udder1 s41 u4 ,uncle1 s41 matua keekee4 ,under1 prep41 ki raro ki2 ki raro i2 kei raro i2 i raro i2 hei raro i4 7,see #gj47 ,untie1 v41 wewte2 pass4 wetekia4 ,utter1 v41 whakapaki2 pass4 whakapakina4 ,upper1 adj41 to runga4 7,see #aj47 ,valley1 s41 awaawa4 ,vein1 s41 uaua4 ,very1 adv41 tino2 rawa4 7,see #fg47 ,voice1 s41 reo4 ,vomit1 v41 ruaki2 pass4 ruakina4 ,wade1 v4 n41 kau4 ,wait for1 v41 tatri 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 taaria4 ,walk1 v4 n41 haere4 ,war1 s41 riri4 ,warm1 adj41 mahana4 ,wash1 v41 horoi2 pass4 horoia4 ,water1 s41 wai4 ,wave1 s41 ngaru4 ,way1 s41 ara4 ,weak1 adj41 ngoikore4 ,weary1 adj41 ngenge4 ,weave1 v41 whatu2 pass4 whatua4 ,wedge1 s41 ora4 ,weed1 s41 otaota4 ,weep for1 v41 tangi 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 tangihia4 ,weigh1 v41 pauna2 pass4 paunatia4 ,well 7in health71 adj41 ora4 ,wet1 adj41 maakuu4 ,whale1 s41 tohora4 ,what1 pron41 aha4 ,when1 adv4 7past71 nonahea2 7future71 a hea4 ,whence1 adv41 i hea4 ,where1 adv41 ki hea2 kei hea2 i hea2 hei hea4 7,see #fi47 ,which1 def41 tehea2 pl4 ehea4 ,whistle1 v4 n41 whio4 ,whither1 adv41 ki hea2 ko hea4 ,why1 adv41 he aha 7followed by ai72 he aha koe i haere ai8 why did you go8 ,wife1 s41 wahine4 ,wild1 adj41 maaka4 ,wing1 s41 parirau4 ,wink1 v41 whakakni4 ,winter1 s41 hotoke4 ,wipe1 v41 ukui2 pass4 ukuia4 ,wish for1 v41 hiahia 7followed by prep4 ki72 pass4 hiahiatia4 ,with1 prep41 ki4 ,woman1 s41 wahine4 ,wood1 s41 rakau4 ,word1 s41 kupu4 ,work1 v41 mahi2 pass4 mahia4 ,wounded1 adj41 tu4 ,wrap1 v41 takai2 pass4 takaia4 ,write1 v41 tuhituhi2 pass4 tuhituhia4 ,wrong1 adj41 he4 ,yawn1 v41 tuwaharoa4 ,year1 s41 tau4 ,yes1 adv41 ae4 ,young1 adj41 tamariki4 ,yesterday1 adv41 inanahi4 ,berlin1 printed by ,unger brothers1 ,printers to the ,king4 ,,works ,,by ,,sir ,,george ,,grey1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,,governor ,,and ,,commander-,,in-,,chief ,,of ,,the ,,colony ,,of ,,the ,,cape ,,of ,,good ,,hope1 ,,and ,,her ,,majesty',s ,,high ,,commissioner4 ,a ,handbook of ,african1 ,australian1 and ,polynesian ,philology1 as represented in the ,library of ,his ,excellency ,,sir ,,george ,,grey1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,her ,majesty's ,commissioner of the ,cape ,colony4 ,classed1 annotated1 and edited by ,,sir ,,george ,,grey1 and ,,dr4 ,h4 ,j4 ,,bleek4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,part #a4 ,south ,africa1 #hvo4 pp4 #ahf4 #gs #f;d ,vol4 ,i4 ,part #b4 ,africa 7,north of the ,tropic of ,capricorn71 #hvo4 pp4 #gj4 #bs ,vol4 ,i4 ,part #c4 ,madagascar1 #hvo4 pp4 #bd4 #as ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,part #a4 ,australia1 #hvo4 pp4 iv1 #dd4 #as #f;d ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,part #b4 ,papuan ,languages of the ,loyalty ,islands and ,new ,hebrides1 comprising those of the ,islands of ,nengone1 ,lifu1 ,aneiteum1 ,tana1 and others1 #hvo4 pp4 #ab4 #f;d ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,part #c4 ,fiji ,islands and ,rotuma 7with ,supplement to ,part #b1 ,papuan ,languages1 and ,part #a1 ,australia71 #hvo4 pp4 #cd4 #as ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,part #d4 ,new ,zealand1 the ,chatham ,islands1 and ,auckland ,islands1 #hvo4 pp4 #gf4 #cs #f;d ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,part #d 7continuation74 ,polynesia and ,borneo1 #hvo4 pp4 #gg to #aed4 #cs #f;d ,ko nga ,mahinga a nga tupuna ,maori he mea ,kohikohi mai3 7,mythology and ,traditions of the ,new ,zealanders7 na ,,sir ,,george ,,grey1 ,governor-in-chief of the ,new ,zealand ,islands4 #hvo4 cloth1 pp4 #bjb4 ,london1 #ahed4 #abs ,ko nga ,moteatea1 me nga ,hakirara o nga ,maori4 ,he mea ,kohikohi mai1 na ,,sir ,g4 ,,grey4 7,poetry of the ,new ,zealanders47 #hvo4 pp4 xiv1 #dcb1 and cxii4 ,new ,zealand1 #ahec4 #bas ,maori ,mementos2 being a ,series of ,addresses presented by the ,native ,people to ,his ,excellency ,,sir ,g4 ,,grey1 ,governor of the ,cape of ,good ,hope2 with introductory ,remarks and explanatory ,notes2 to which is added a small ,collection of ,laments1 c4 by ,,ch4 ,,oliver ,b4 ,,davis4 #hvo4 cloth1 pp4 iv1 #bbh4 ,auckland1 #ahee4 #abs ,,tr,,bner ,,co41 #fj1 ,,paternoster ,,row1 ,,london4 ,,transcriber',s ,,note ,italic text is denoted by underscores4 ,obvious punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources4 ,the ,table of ,contents has been added by the transcriber4 ,some words in the ,vocabulary list 7for example pupri1 kothi7 have an accent but there is no accent in the main text usage4 ,no changes have been made in these cases4 ,pg #d4 'letter in' replaced by 'letter is'4 ,pg #g4 'horse it' replaced by 'horse is'4 ,pg #g4 'give is' replaced by 'give it'4 ,pg #ae4 italic inverted for clarity2 'never a1 or o4' to 'never a1 or o4' ,pg #bg4 'not' inserted giving 'is not ,hemi4'4 ,pg #bh4 'posssseion' replaced by 'possession'4 ,pg #cj4 'auxiliarly' replaced by 'auxiliary'4 ,pg #cb4 'time to to be' replaced by 'time to be'4