,transcrib]'s note3 ,table ( ,cont5ts add$ by ,transcrib]4 ,,cont5ts ,! ,mod]n ,occult #ddi ,birds ,z ,fly+ ,ma*9es #dgc ,electric ,automobiles #dgi ,! ,human ,body ,z an ,eng9e #dia ,*apt]s on ! ,/>s #ejj ,! ,psy*ology ( ,r$4 7,,ii47 #eag ,! ,exp5diture ( ! ,work+ ,classes #ebg ,! ,conque/ ( ! ,tropics #edj ,discussion & ,correspond5ce #edf ,sci5tific ,lit]ature #eej ,! ,progress ( ,sci5ce #eee ,,! ,,popul> ,,sci5ce ,,mon?ly ,,edit$ ,,by ,j4 ,mc,k,e,e,n ,,cattell ,,vol4 ,,lvii ,,may ,,to ,,octob]1 #aijj ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,mc,c,l,u,r,e1 ,,phillips ,,& ,,company #aijj ,,copyright1 #aijj1 ,,by ,mc,c,l,u,r,e1 ,,phillips ,,& ,,company4 ,,! ,,popul> ,,sci5ce ,,mon?ly4 ,,septemb]1 #aijj4 ,,! ,,mod]n ,,occult4 ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,joseph ,,ja/r[1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,wiscons94 ,if t imag9>y individual s conv5i5t = lit]>y illu/ration1 a visitor f ,m>s1 7 to alight ^u our planet at ! pres5t "t1 & if 8 intellectual int]e/s induc$ him to take a survey ( mundane views ( :at is 89 heav5 above1 or on ! e>? b5ea? or 9 ! wat]s "u ! e>?10 ( t]re/rial op9ions 9 reg>d to ! great problems ( m9d & matt]1 ( gov]nm5t & society1 ( life & dea?--our ,m>tian obs]v] might conceivably report t a limit$ portion ( mank9d 7 guid$ by views t 7 ! outcome ( accumulat$ toil1 & g5]ations ( /udi\s devotion1 repres5t+ a sl[ & tortu\s1 b progressive gr[? ?r\gh error & sup]/ition1 & at ! co/ ( p]secution & blood%$2 t !y ma9ta9$ in/itutions ( le>n+ :]e ! fruits ( su* ?\ght c\ld be imp>t$ & ! se$s cultivat$ to be> /ill m ri*ly1 b t outside ( ?is respectable yet influ5tial m9ority !re 7 endless uphold]s ( utt]ly unlike notions & ( widely div]g+ beliefs1 clamor+ l ! build]s ( ! t[] ( ,babel 9 div]se tongues4 ,x is well at lea/ occasionally to rememb] t our conceptions ( sci5ce & ( tru?1 ( ! nature ( logic & ( evid5ce1 are n s univ]sally held z we unreflect+ly assume or z we hopefully wi%4 ,almo/ e "o ( ! fundam5tal & indisputable t5ets ( sci5ce is reg>d$ z hopelessly 9 error by "s ard5t w\ld-be re=m]4 ,"o ,hampd5 decl>es t ! e>? is a motionless plane ) ! ,nor? ,pole z ! c5t]2 "o ,c>p5t] gives a hundr$ rem>kable reasons :y ! e>? is n r\nd1 ) a *all5ge to ! sci5ti/s ( ,am]ica to disprove !m2 "o ,symmes reg>d$ ! e>? z holl[ & habitable )91 ) op5+s at ! poles :i* he (f]$ to explore = ! consid]ation ( ! 8patronage ( ?is & ! new worlds02 :ile ,symmes1 ,jr41 expla9s h[ ! int]ior is light$1 & t x probably =ms ! home ( ! lo/ tribes ( ,israel2 & "o ,te$ ann\nces on equally conclusive evid5ce t ! e>? is a 8/ation>y concave cell 444 ) p1 ,sun1 ,moon1 ,planets & ,/>s on ! inside10 ! :ole con/itut+ an 8al*emico-organic /ructure1 a ,gigantic ,electro-,magnetic ,batt]y40 ,if we 7 to pass f op9ions reg>d+ ! %ape ( ! e>? to ! _m o!r & complex problems t appeal to human int]e/s1 x w\ld be equally easy to collect #8ideas' comp>able to ^! 9 value1 evid5ce & ecc5tricity4 ,) ! conspicu\sly pa?ological outgr[? ( bra9-function+--al?\gh its repres5tatives 9 ! lit]ature ( my topic are nei!r few nor f> betwe5--,i %all n specifically deal2 & yet ! g5]al abuse ( logic1 ! helpless fl\nd]+s 9 ! mire ( delusive analogy1 ! baseless assumptions1 :i* *>act]ize insane or #8crank' productions1 are readily f\nd 9 mod]n occult lit]ature4 ,! occult consi/s ( a mix$ aggregate ( movem5ts & doctr9es1 :i* may be ! expressions ( k9dr$ int]e/s & dispositions b pres5t no ess5tial community ( cont5t4 ,su* memb]s ( ?is clu/] ( beliefs z 9 our day & g5]ation h atta9$ a consid]able adh]5ce or /ill reta9 x f =m] g5]ations con/itute ! mod]n occult4 ,! prom95t *>act]i/ic ( ! occult is its m>k$ div]g5ce 9 tr5d & belief f ! recogniz$ /&>ds & a*ievem5ts ( human ?\ght4 ,?is div]g5ce is "o ( attitude & logic & g5]al p]spective4 ,x is a div]g5ce ( intellectual temp]am5t t di/orts ! normal reactions to sci5ce & evid5ce & to ! g5]al significance & values ( ! factors ( our complicat$ natures & our equally complicat$ environm5t4 ,at lea/ x is ?is 9 extreme & pron\nc$ =ms2 & %ades f x ?r\gh an irregul> v>iety ( t9ts to a vague & (t5 unconsci\s susceptibility = ! unusual & ecc5tric1 comb9$ ) an in/ability ( conviction reg>d+ e/abli%$ beliefs t is m (t5 ! expression ( ! weakness ( ignorance ?an ( ! c\rage ( indep5d5ce4 ,occult doctr9es are also likely to involve & to proce$ ^u my/icism & sup]/ition2 & _! !me c5t]s ab\t su* problems z ! nature ( m5tal action1 ! conception ( life & dea?1 ! effect ( cosmic conditions ^u human ev5ts & end[m5t1 ! del9eation ( "*1 ! nature & treatm5t ( disease1 or inde$ ab\t any ( ! l>g] or small] realms ( k t comb9e ) a /rong human & possibly a practical int]e/1 a consid]able complexity ( basal pr9ciples & g5]al relations4 ,9 survey+ ! m notable in/ances ( ! mod]n occult1 x is well :ile be>+ 9 m9d ! p>ticul> =m ( occultism or my/icism1 or x may be m]ely ( sup]/ition & error1 :i* "o or ano!r ( ! occult movem5ts exhibits1 to emphasize ! importance ( ! intellectual motive or temp]am5t t incl9es to ! occult4 ,x is important to inquire n only :at is believ$1 b :at is ! nature ( ! evid5ce t induces belief1 :at attracts & !n makes conv]ts1 :at ! influ5ces by :i* ! belief spreads4 ,two classes ( motives or int]e/s are conspicu\s2 ! "o prom95tly intellectual or !oretical1 ! o!r mod]ately or grossly practical4 ,movem5ts 9 :i* ! =m] int]e/ dom9ates conta9 elem5ts t comm& respect ev5 :5 !y d n engage sympa?y2 !y frequ5tly appeal1 ?\gh x may be unwisely1 to wor?y impulses & l(ty aspirations4 ,among/ ! movem5ts pres5t+ prom95t practical aspects are to be f\nd in/ances ( ! mo/ irrev]5t & p]nici\s1 z well z ( ! mo/ vulg>1 ignorant & fraudul5t s*emes :i* h be5 devis$ to mislead ! human m9d4 ,mo/ occult movem5ts1 h[ev]1 are ( a mix$ "*1 & 9 _! c>e] ! speculative & ! practical *ange 9 importance at diff]5t times or 9 diff]5t l&s1 or at ! h&s ( v>i\sly m9d$ lead]s4 ,few escape & "s seem especially design$ = ! p>tisan%ip ( t class :o are seek+ :om !y may dev\r2 & /imulat$ by ! gre$ = ga9 or ! love = notoriety1 set _! sn>es = ! et]nally gullible4 ,=tunately1 x mu/ be add$ t ! int]e/ 9 ! occult is "u ! sway ( ! law ( fa%ion1 & _m a m5tal g>m5t :i* is donn$ 9 spite ( ! prote/ ( reason & propriety1 is quietly laid aside :5 ! dictum ( ! h\r pron\nces x unbecom+4 ,hi/orically consid]$1 ! occult po9ts back to di/ant epo*s & =eign civilizations2 to ages :5 ! facts ( nature 7 b weakly grasp$1 :5 belief 0 l>gely dom9at$ by ! au?ority ( tradition1 :5 ev5 ! able/ m9ds fo/]$ or ass5t$ to sup]/ition1 :5 ! social conditions ( life 7 inimical to indep5d5t ?\ght & ! mass ( m5 7 cut (f f intellectual gr[? ( ev5 ! mo/ elem5t>y k9d4 ,pseudo-sci5ce fl\ri%$ 9 ! abs5ce ( true k1 & imag9ative insight & unf\nd$ belief held ! (fice int5d$ = inductive reason4 ,ignorance inevitably l$ to error & false views to false practices4 ,9 a sympa!tic environm5t ( ?is k9d ! occulti/ fl\ri%$ & display$ ! impressive insignia ( exclusive wisdom4 ,8 attitude 0 t ( "o seek+ to solve an enigma1 to f9d ! key to a /range puzzle2 8 se>* 0 = "s my/ic *>m1 "s talismanic =mula1 "s magical proc$ure1 :i* %all dispel ! mi/ t hides ! face ( nature & expose h] secrets to 8 ec/atic gaze4 ,by "o all-encompass+1 ma/]ful ef=t ! correct solution 0 to be discov]$ or reveal$2 & at once & = all1 ignorance w\ld give place to true k1 sci5ce & nature become z an op5 book1 d\bt & despair be replac$ by ! s]5ity ( p]fect wisdom4 ,z our ord9>y s5ses & faculties are obvi\sly insuffici5t to accompli% su* ends1 sup]natural p[]s mu/ be appeal$ to1 a transc5d5tal sph]e ( spiritual activity mu/ be cultivat$ capable ( p]ceiv+ ?r\gh ! hidd5 symbolism ( app>5t ph5om5a1 ! und]ly+ relations ( cosmic /ructure & f9al purposes4 ,long p]iods ( tra9+ & devotion1 seclusion f ! _w1 contemplation ( inn] my/]ies1 lead ! initiate ?r\gh ! v>i\s /ages ( adept%ip up to ! f9al plane ( communion ) ! inf9ite & ! compreh5sion ( tru? 9 all ?+s4 ,?is =m ( occultism rea*es its fulle/ & pure/ expression 9 ,ori5tal wisdom-religions4 ,^! vie 9 int]e/ to ! hi/orian ) ! my?ology & philosophy ( ,greece & ,rome2 & we ( ! ,occid5t feel free to pr(it by _! e?ical & philosophical cont5t1 & to *]i% ! impulses :i* gave !m life4 ,b :5 su* views are =cibly transplant$ to our age & clime1 :5 !y are deck$ 9 g>m5ts s unlike _! orig9al ve/m5ts1 p>ticul>ly :5 !y are associat$ ) dubi\s practices & come into viol5t conflict ) ! tru? t has accumulat$ s9ce !y fir/ _h bir?1 _! aspect is pr(\ndly alt]$ & !y come )9 ! circle ( ! mod]n occult4 99 99 99 99 99 ,( ?is "* is ,!osophy1 an occult movem5t br\ght into rec5t prom95ce by ! works & p]sonality ( ,mme4 ,blavatsky4 ,! /ory ( ! *eck]$ c>e] ( t rem>kable woman is fairly accessible4 ,born 9 ,russia 9 #ahca z ,hel5 ,petrovna1 daught] ( ,colonel ,hahn1 ( ! ,russian army1 %e 0 m>ri$ at ! age ( sev5te5 to an eld]ly g5tleman1 ,m4 ,blavatsky4 ,%e is describ$ 9 girlhood z a p]son ( passionate temp] & wilful & erratic disposition4 ,%e sep>at$ or escap$ f h] husb& aft] a few mon?s ( m>ri$ life & ent]$ ^u an ext5d$ p]iod ( travel & adv5ture1 9 :i* #8psy*ic' exp]i5ces & ! se>* = unusual p]sons & beliefs 7 prom95t4 ,%e absorb$ ,h9du wisdom f ! adepts ( ,india2 %e sat at ! feet ( a ?aumaturgi/ at ,cairo2 %e j\rney$ to ,canada to meet ! m$ic9e man ( ! ,r$ ,indians1 & to ,new ,orleans to obs]ve ! practices ( ,voodoo among ! negroes4 ,x is difficult to "k :at to believe 9 ! acc\nts prep>$ by h] en?usia/ic foll[]s4 ,violations ( physical laws 7 con/antly occurr+ 9 h] pres5ce1 & 8sporadic outbreaks ( rapp+s & feats ( impulsive pots1 pans1 b$s & *airs insi/$ on mak+ !mselves notori\s40 ,9 #ahgc %e came to ,new ,york & sat 9 #8spirituali/ic' circles1 assum+ an ass5t to _! !ories1 b claim+ to see ?r\gh & beyond ! manife/ations ! op]ations ( h] !osophic guides 9 a/ral projection4 ,at "o ( ^! sances %e met ,colonel ,olcott & assi/$ him 9 ! f\ndation ( ! ,!osophical ,society 9 ,new ,york 9 ,octob]1 #ahge4 ,mme4 ,blavatsky direct$ ! ?\ght ( ?is society to ! doctr9es ( ,indian occultism1 & report$ ! appe>ance 9 ,new ,york ( a ,h9du ,mahatma1 :o left a turban beh9d him z evid5ce ( 8 a/ral visit4 ,lat] ,mme4 ,blavatsky & ,colonel ,olcott 7:o rema9$ h] /aun* support]1 b :om %e ref]r$ to 9 private z a #8psy*ologiz$ baby'7 w5t to ,india & at ,ady> e/abli%$ a %r9e f :i* 7 my/]i\sly issu$ answ]s to lett]s plac$ )9 its recesses1 f :i* inaccessible facts 7 reveal$ & a v>iety ( int]e/+ m>vels p]=m$4 ,discords arose )9 h] h\sehold & l$ to ! publication by ,m4 & ,mme4 ,c\lomb1 h] conf$]ates1 ( lett]s illum9at+ ! tricks ( ! trade by :i* ! miracles _h be5 produc$4 ,mme4 ,blavatsky pron\nc$ ! lett]s to be =g]ies1 b !y 7 suffici5tly mom5t\s to br+ ,mr4 ,hodgson to ,india to inve/igate = ! ,society = ,psy*ical ,rese>*4 ,he 0 able to deprive _m ( ! miracles ( _! my/]y1 to %[ h[ ! #8%r9e' f :i* ! ,mahatma's messages emanat$ 0 accessible to ,mme4 ,blavatsky by ! aid ( slid+ panels & secret draw]s1 to %[ t ^! messages 7 9 /yle1 spell+ & h&writ+ ! c\nt]p>t ( ,mme4 ,blavatsky's1 to %[ t _m ( ! ph5om5a 7 ! result ( plann$ collusion & t o!rs 7 creat$ by ! limitless cr$ulity & ! imag9ative exagg]ation ( ! witnesses--#8dome/ic imbeciles1' z madame confid5tially call$ !m4 ,! report ( ! society convict$ #8! ,prie/ess ( ,isis' ( 8a long cont9u$ comb9ation ) o!r p]sons to produce by ord9>y means a s]ies ( app>5t m>vels = ! support ( ! ,!osophic movem5t02 & concludes ) ^! words3 8,= our own "p1 we reg>d h] nei!r z ! m\?piece ( hidd5 se]s nor z a m]e vulg> adv5turess2 we ?9k t %e has a*iev$ a title to p]man5t remembrance z "o ( ! mo/ accompli%$1 +5i\s & int]e/+ impo/ors 9 hi/ory40 ,mme4 ,blavatsky di$ 9 #ahia1 & h] a%es 7 divid$ betwe5 ,ady>1 ,london & ,new ,york4 ,! ,!osophic movem5t cont9ues1 ?\gh ) abat$ vigor1 ow+ p>tly to ! above-m5tion$ disclosures1 b probably m to ! increas+ propag&ism ( o!r cults1 to ! lack ( a lead] ( ,mme4 ,blavatsky's g5ius1 or to ! inevitable ebb & fl[ ( su* int]e/s4 ,mme4 ,blavatsky cont9u$ to exp\nd ,!osophy aft] ! exposures1 & ,mrs4 ,besant1 ,mr4 ,s9nett & o!rs 7 ready to take up ! "w at h] dea?4 ,h[ev]1 miracles are no long] p]=m$1 & no imm$iately practical ends are proclaim$4 ,individual developm5t & evolution1 my/ic disc\rses on adept%ip & ,k>ma & ,maya & ,nirvana1 communion ) ! high] ends ( life1 ! cultivation ( an esot]ic psy*ic insight1 =m ! goal ( pres5t endeavor4 ,! ,mahatmas are giv+ 8intellectual in/ructions1 enorm\sly m int]e/+ ?an ev5 ! exhibition ( _! abnormal p[]s40 444 ,! mod]n ,!osophi/ seeks to appeal to m5 & wom5 ( philosophical incl9ations1 = :om an elem5t ( my/icism has its *>m1 & :o are intellectually at unre/ ) ! conceptions und]ly+ mod]n sci5ce & mod]n life4 ,su* p]sons are q likely to be well-educat$1 ref9$ & s9c]e4 ,we may believe !m intellectually misguid$2 we may recognize ! fraud to :i* _! lead] resort$ to glorify h] cre$1 b we mu/ equally recognize ! abs5ce ( _m p]nici\s t5d5cies 9 _! tea*+s :i* *>act]ize o!r & m practical occult movem5ts4 ,spiritualism1 ano!r memb] ( ! mod]n occult family1 pres5ts a comb9ation ( features r difficult to portray2 b its public c>e] ( half a c5tury has probably r5d]$ its t5ets & practices fairly famili>4 ,=1 l o!r movem5ts1 x pres5ts bo? doctr9es & manife/ations1 &1 l o!r movem5ts1 x a*iev$ its popul>ity ?r\gh its manife/ations & emphasiz$ ! doctr9es to ma9ta9 ! int]e/ & solid>ity ( its num]\s conv]ts4 ,delib]ate fraud has be5 repeat$ly demon/rat$ 9 a l>ge numb] ( alleg$ #8spirituali/ic' manife/ations2 9 _m m ! v nature ( ! ph5om5a & ( ! conditions "u :i* !y appe> is s /rongly sugge/ive ( trick]y z to r5d] any o!r hypo!sis ( _! orig9 improbable & unnecess>y4 ,unconsci\s deception1 exagg]at$ & di/ort$ reports1 defective & mislead+ obs]vation h be5 demon/rat$ to be mo/ pot5t reag5ts1 :]eby alleg$ miracles are made to ?r[ (f _! my/ify+ envelop+s & to leave a simple deposit ( intelligible & (t5 commonplace fact4 ,t ! me?ods ( ?is or t m$ium h n be5 br\ght )9 ! range ( su* explanation may be admitt$1 b ! admission c>ries ) x no bias 9 favor ( ! spirituali/ic hypo!sis4 ,x may be urg$1 h[ev]1 t :]e !re is mu* smoke !re is apt to be "s fire2 yet !re is little prospect ( discov]+ ! nature ( ! fire until ! smoke has be5 completely cle>$ away4 ,p]haps x has be5 snat*$ f heav5 by a mat]ializ$ ,prome!us2 p]haps x may prove to be ! trick ( a ridiculus mus gnaw+ at a mat*4 ,h[ev]1 ! ma9 po9t to be insi/$ ^u ) reg>d to su* manife/ations is t _! int]pretation & _! explanation dem& te*nical k & tra9+1 or at lea/ special adaptability to su* pursuits4 8,! problem _c be solv$ & settl$ by amateurs1 nor by #8common s5se' t ,deliv]s brawl+ judgm5ts all day long1 ,on all ?+s una%am$40 ,spiritualism repres5ts a sy/ematization ( popul> beliefs & sup]/itions1 modifi$ by e*oes ( religi\s & philosophical doctr9es2 & is ?us n :olly occult4 ,its ma9 purpose 0 to e/abli% ! reality ( communication ) dep>t$ spirits2 ! means :i* at fir/ spontane\sly pres5t$ !mselves & lat] 7 devis$ = ?is purpose 7 9 l>ge measure n orig9al4 ,! rapp+s are 9 accord ) ! traditional folk-lore behavior ( gho/s1 ?\gh _! trans=mation into a signal code may h be5 due to ! orig9ality ( ! ,fox *ildr52 ! plan*ette has its analogies 9 ,*9ese & ,european modes ( div9ation2 clairvoyance 0 incorporat$ f ! ph5om5a ( artificial somnambulism1 z practic$ by ! successors ( ,mesm]2 ! #8s5sitive' or #8m$ium' sugge/s ! same orig9 z well z ! popul> belief 9 ! gift ( sup]natural p[]s to favor$ individuals2 o!rs ( ! ph5om5a su* z #8levitation' & #8cab9et p]=mances' h c\nt]p>ts 9 ,ori5tal magic2 #8slate-writ+1' #8=m mat]ializations1' #8_s-messages' & #8_s photographs' are1 9 ! ma91 mod]n contributions4 ,^! v>i\s ph5om5a z ord9>ily pres5t$ bre$ ! typical atmosph]e ( ! sance *amb]1 :i* resi/s precise analysis1 b 9 :i* x is easy to detect morbid cr$ulity1 bl9d prepossession & emotional contagion2 :ile ! dep5d5ce ( ! ph5om5a on ! "* ( ! m$ium (f]s /rong temptation alike to %rewdness1 ecc5tricity & di%one/y4 ,on ! side ( 8 tea*+s ! spirituali/ is likewise n /rik+ly orig9al4 ,! relations ( 8 beliefs to ^? t grew ab\t ! revelations ( ,sw$5borg1 to ! speculations ( ! ,g]man #8pneumatologi/s' & to o!r philosophical doctr9es1 ?\gh p]haps n intimate1 are yet traceable & int]e/+2 & 9 ano!r view ! #8spirituali/' is z old z man himself & f9ds 8 antec$5ts 9 ! necromanc] ( ,*aldea1 or 9 ! ,%aman ( ,sib]ia1 or ! ,angekok ( ,gre5l&1 or ! _s-doctor ( ! ,k>5s4 ,! mod]n m$iums are simply repeat+ ) new co/umes & improv$ sc5ic effects ! my/ic drama ( primitive man4 ,spiritualism ?us appeals to a deep-seat$ crav+ 9 human nature1 t ( assurance ( p]sonal immortality & ( communion ) ! dep>t$4 ,j s long z a portion ( mank9d w accept mat]ial evid5ce ( su* a belief1 & w ev5 c\nt5ance ! irrev]5ce1 ! triviality & ! vulg>ity surr\nd+ ! manife/ations1 j s long z ^! p]sons w misjudge _! own p[]s ( detect+ h[ ! alleg$ sup]natural appe>ances 7 really produc$ & rema9 unimpress$ by ! pr9ciples ^u :i* alone a consi/5t explanation is possible1 j s long w spiritualism & k9dr$ delusions fl\ri%4 ,z to ! pres5t-day /atus ( ?is cult x is n easy to speak positively4 ,its cli5tle has app>5tly greatly dim9i%$2 x /ill numb]s among/ its adh]5ts m5 & wom5 ( culture & education & _m m :o _c be said to possess ^! qualities4 ,!re seems to be a consid]able class ( p]sons :o believe t natural laws are insuffici5t to acc\nt = _! p]sonal exp]i5ces & ^? ( o!rs1 & :o tempor>ily or p]man5tly incl9e to a spirituali/ic hypo!sis 9 pref]5ce to any o!r4 ,spirituali/s ( ?is intellectual temp] c1 h[ev]1 =m b a small portion ( ^? :o are enroll$ "u its cre$4 ,if "o may judge by ! tone & cont5ts ( curr5t spirituali/ic lit]ature1 ! rank & file to :i* ,spiritualism appeals pres5t an un9tellectual occult company1 cr$ul\sly accept+ :at !y wi% to believe1 utt]ly reg>dless ( ! intr9sic significance ( evid5ce or hypo!sis1 vibrat+ f "o extreme or absurdity to ano!r1 & bl9dly foll[+ a bl9d] or m fanatic lead] or a self-int]e/$ *>latan4 ,:ile = ! mo/ extravagant & unreasonable expressions ( ,spiritualism "o w\ld probably turn to ! lit]ature ( a few decades ago1 yet ! symptoms pres5t$ by ! ,spiritualism ( to-day are unmi/akably ( ! same "*1 & =m a complex z *>act]i/ic z ! symptom-complex ( hy/]ia or epilepsy1 & :i*1 faute de mieux1 may be t]m$ occult4 ,x is a type ( occultism ( a p>ticul>ly p]nici\s "* because ( its p[] to lead a p>asitic life ^u ! e/abli%$ gr[?s ( religi\s beliefs & int]e/s1 & at ! same "t to adm9i/] to ! ne$s ( an un=tunate b widely preval5t passion = special signs & om5s & ! int]pretation ( p]sonal exp]i5ces4 ,x is a weak ?\gh compreh5sible nature t becomes bewild]$ 9 ! pres5ce ( a few exp]i5ces t seem homeless among ! g5]\s provisions ( mod]n sci5ce1 & runs (f panic-/rick5 to f9d %elt] 9 a sy/em t satisfies a n>r[ p]sonal crav+ at ! sacrifice ( broadly e/abli%$ pr9ciples1 nurtur$ & gr[n /rong 9 ! h>dy & b5efic5t atmosph]e ( sci5ce4 ,x is a weak] & an ignorant nature t is attract$ to ! crud] =ms ( su* beliefs1 be x by ! impulsive yield+ to emotional susceptibility1 by ! contagion ( an un=tunate m5tal environm5t1 or by ! abs5ce ( ! /eady+ p[] ( religi\s fai? or ( logical vigor or ( confid5ce 9 ! k ( o!rs4 ,spiritualism f9ds conv]ts 9 bo? camps & assembles !m "u ! flag ( ! occult4,a ,a ,to prev5t misund]/&+ x is well to repeat t ,i am speak+ ( ! g5]al av]age ( ?or\gh-go+ spirituali/s4 ,! fact t a few m$iums h engag$ ! att5tion ( sci5tifically m9d$ inve/igators has no be>+ on ! motives :i* lead mo/ p]sons to make a pr(essional call on a m$ium1 or to jo9 a circle4 ,! fur!r fact t ^! inve/igators h at times f\nd !mselves baffl$ by ! m$ium's p]=mances1 & t a few ( !m h ann\nc$ _! read9ess to accept ! spirituali/ic hypo!sis is ( importance 9 "s aspects1 b does n det]m9e ! g5]al tr5d ( ! spirituali/ic movem5t 9 ! direction 9 :i* x is consid]$ 9 ! pres5t discussion4 ,x may also prev5t misund]/&+ ( o!r p>ts ( my pres5tation to cont9ue ?is footnote by add+ t ,i desire to di/+ui% %>ply betwe5 ! occult & :at has unwisely be5 t]m$ ,psy*ical ,rese>*--unwisely because su* rese>* is ei!r truly psy*ological & requires no diff]5tiation f o!r alli$ & legitimate rese>*1 or x is some?+ o!r ?an psy*ological :i* is inaptly express$ by call+ x #8psy*ical4' ,i admit & emphasize t ! majority ( su* rese>* is ! result ( a sci5tific motive & is f> remov$ f ! occult4 ,i !re=e %all say no?+ ( ,psy*ical ,rese>* & regret t x is necess>y ev5 to d5y its possible inclusion 9 ! occult4 ,su* inclusion is1 h[ev]1 sugge/$ by mu* t is talk$ ( & writt5 "u ! "n ( ,psy*ic ,rese>*1 & !re c be no d\bt t ! int]e/ ( _m memb]s ( ,psy*ic ,rese>* ,societies & ( read]s ( _! publications1 is ess5tially ( an occult nature4 ,:atev] 9 ^! publications seems to favor my/]y & to sub/antiate sup]normal p[]s is readily absorb$1 & its be>+s fancifully int]pret$ & exagg]at$2 ! m critical & successfully explanatory pap]s meet ) a less ext5d$ & less s5sational reception4 ,unless mo/ wisely direct$1 ,psy*ic ,rese>* is likely1 by n lett+ ! "r h& "k :at ! left h& is do+1 to fo/] ! undesirable prop5sities ( human nature z rapidly z x antagonizes !m4 ,l indiscrim9ate alms-giv+ x has ! possibilities ( af=d+ relief & ( mak+ paup]s at ! same "t4 ,:ile ,i reg>d ! acceptance ( telepa?y z an e/abli%$ ph5om5on1 z absolutely unw>rant$ & mo/ un=tunate1 & :ile ,i feel a ke5 p]sonal regret t m5 ^: ability & op9ions ,i e/imate highly h ann\nc$ _! belief 9 a spirituali/ic explanation ( _! p]sonal exp]i5ces ) a p>ticul> m$ium1 yet my p]sonal regret & my logical disapproval ( ^! conclusions h obvi\sly no be>+ ^u ! g5]al que/ions "u discussion4 ,! sci5tific inve/igation ( ! same ph5om5a :i* h =m$ ! subject matt] ( occult beliefs1 is radically diff]5t 9 motive1 me?od & result f ! truly occult4 ,! wane 9 ! popul>ity ( ,spiritualism may be due 9 "p to frequ5t exposures1 9 "p to ! pass+ ( ! occult int]e/ to pa/ures new1 & 9 "p to o!r & less accessible causes4 ,su* int]e/ may aga9 become dom9ant by ! success or innovations ( "s orig9al m$ium or by ! appe>ance ( "s un=ese5 circum/ances2 at pres5t !re is a disposition to take up #8spiritual heal+' & #8spiritual read+s ( ! future' r ?an m]e assurances f ! dead1 & ?us to emulate ! practical success ( m rec5tly e/abli%$ rivals4 ,! hi/ory ( ,spiritualism1 by its importance & its extravagance ( doctr9e & practice1 =ms an ess5tial & an in/ructive *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( belief2 & !re is no difficulty 9 trac+ ! impr9ts ( its foot/eps on ! s&s ( ! occult4 ,! impress ( anci5t & m$ival lore ^u latt]-day occultism is conspicu\s 9 ! survivals ( ,al*emy & ,a/rology4 ,phr5ology repres5ts a m rec5t pseudo-sci5ce1 b "o suffici5tly obsolete to be consid]$ "u ! same head1 z may also ,palmi/ry1 :i* has relations bo? to an anci5t =m ( div9ation & to a m mod]n developm5t aft] ! mann] ( ,physiognomy4 ,! common *>act]i/ic ( ^! is _! devotion to a practical end4 ,al*emy occupies a some:at di/9ct position4 ,! orig9al al*emi/s s\ght ! secret ( conv]t+ ! bas] metals into gold1 9 itself a suffici5tly allur+ & human occupation4 ,!re is no reason :y su* a problem %\ld assume an occult aspect1 except ! suffici5t "o t ord9>y proc$ures h n prov$ capable to effect ! desir$ end4 ,x is a prov]bial fault ( ambiti\s inexp]i5ce to attack valiantly l>ge problems ) endless confid5ce & sweep+ aspiration4 ,x is well en\gh 9 %ap+ y\r ideas to hit* y\r wagon to a />2 yet ! tempor>y utility ( horses ne$ n be ov]look$2 b %oot+ arr[s at ! />s is apt to prove an idle pa/ime4 ,if we are will+ to =get = ! mom5t t ! same developm5t ( logic & exp]im5t t makes possible ! m5tal & mat]ial equipm5t ( ! mod]n *emi/ makes impossible 8 consid]ation ( ! al*emi/'s se>*1 we may note h[ f> ! inh]5t con/itution ( ! elem5ts1 to say no?+ ( _! possible transmutation1 has elud$ 8 mo/ ultimate analysis4 ,h[ immeasurably f>!r x 0 remov$ f ! grasp ( ! al*emi/ c h>dly be express$4 ,b ?is is a sci5tific & n an occult view ( ! matt]2 x 0 n by progressive tra9+ 9 m>ksman%ip t ! occulti/ hop$ to s5d 8 arr[s to ! />s4 ,8 0 a my/ic se>* = ! magical transmutation1 ! elixir ( life or ! philosoph]'s /one4 ,"o might suppose t once ! _w has agre$ t ^! ends are pa/ f9d+ out1 ! al*emi/1 l ! mak] ( /one arr[-heads1 w\ld h f\nd 8 occupation gone & h left no successor4 ,8 mod]n repres5tative1 h[ev]1 is an int]e/+ & by no means ext9ct species4 ,he seems to fl\ri% 9 ,france1 b may be f\nd 9 ,g]many1 9 ,engl& & 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he is r>ely a pure al*emi/ 7al?\gh s rec5tly z #ahed "o ( !m (f]$ to manufacture gold = ! ,fr5* m9t71 b repres5ts ! pure type ( occulti/4 ,he calls himself a ,rosicrucian2 he e/abli%es a univ]sity ( ! high] /udies & becomes a ,pr(essor ( ,h]metic ,philosophy4 ,8 ?\ght is my/ic1 & symbolism has an endless fasc9ation = him4 ,! my/ic significance ( numb]s1 extravagant analogies ( correspond5ce1 ! traditional hidd5 mean+s ( ! ,kabbalah fairly intoxicate him2 & v]bose acc\nts ( mom5t\s relations & ( un9telligible discov]ies run riot 9 8 writ+s4 ,8 sci5ce is n a m]e ,*emi/ry1 b a ,hyp]-,*emi/ry2 8 transmutations are n m]ely mat]ial b spiritual4 ,l all foll[]s ( an esot]ic belief1 he mu/ /& ap>t f 8 fell[-m52 he mu/ cultivate ! high] #8psy*ic' p[]s s t ev5tually he may be able by ! m]e action ( 8 w to cause ! atoms to gr\p !mselves into gold4 ,! mod]n al*emi/ is1 h[ev]1 a g5]al occulti/2 he may be also an a/rolog] or a magneti/ or a !osophi/4 ,b he is =emo/ an ard5t en?usia/ = exclusive & unusual lore--n ! common & sup]ficial possessions ( misguid$ democratic sci5ce4 ,he goes ?r\gh ! =ms ( /udy1 rema9s sup]ior to ! bas] practical ends ( life1 & f9ds 8 rew>d 9 ! self-satisfaction ( exclusive wisdom4 ,9 ,p>is1 at lea/1 he =ms "p ( a r respectable salon1 speak+ socially1 or a #8company ( educat$ *>latans1' speak+ sci5tifically4 ,8 class does n con/itute a l>ge proportion ( mod]n occulti/s1 b !y pres5t a prom95t =m ( its intellectual temp]am5t4 8,!re are also p10 says ,mr4 ,lang1 8:o s dislike our det5tion 9 ! prison h\se ( old unv>y+ laws t _! bias is 9 favor ( any?+ :i* may t5d to prove t sci5ce 9 h] contempor>y mood is n infallible4 ,z ! ,fr5*man did n c>e :at sort ( a s*eme he inve/$ money 91 provid$ t x annoys ! ,engli%1 s _m p]sons d n c>e :at !y inve/ belief 91 provid$ t x irritates m5 ( sci5ce40 ,( su* is ! k+dom ( al*emi/s & _! bre?r54 ,a/rology1 phr5ology1 physiognomy & palmi/ry h 9 common a se>* = k :]eby to regulate ! affairs ( life1 to =etell ! future1 to compreh5d "o's de/9y & capabilities4 ,!y aim to secure success or at lea/ to be =e>m$ aga9/ failure by be+ =ew>n$4 ,?is is a natural1 a practical1 & 9 no ess5tial way1 an occult desire4 ,x becomes occult1 or bett]1 sup]/iti\s1 :5 x is satisfi$ by appeals to relations & influ5ces :i* d n exi/1 & by false int]pretation ( :at may be admitt$ z measurably & vaguely true & ab\t equally important4 ,:5 n engag$ 9 _! usual occupation ( build+ mo/ />tl+ sup]/ructures on ! weake/ f\ndations1 practical occulti/s are l ,dr4 ,holmes' katydid1 8say+ an undisput$ ?+ 9 su* a solemn way40 ,!y w n he>k5 to ! exp]i5ce ( ! ages t success _c be secur$ nor "* read by discov]+ _! my/ic /igmata2 !y w n le>n f physiology & psy*ology t ! m5tal capabilities1 ! moral & emotional end[m5t ( an individual are n /amp$ on 8 body s t !y may be reveal$ by half an h\r's use ( ! calip]s & tape-measure2 !y w n li/5 :5 sci5ce & common s5se unite 9 tea*+ t ! k ( m5tal p[]s is n su* z may be appli$ by rule ( ?umb to individual cases1 b t l mu* o!r valuable k1 x proce$s by ! ex]cise ( s\nd judgm5t1 & mu/ z a rule re/ cont5t ) sugge/ive g5]alizations & imp]fectly e/abli%$ correlations4 ,an educat$ man ) :olesome int]e/s & a vigor\s logical s5se c consid] a possible sci5ce ( "* & ! means ( aid+ its advance )\t dang] & ) "s pr(it4 ,b ?is meat is %e] poison to ^? :o are usually attract$ to su* speculations1 :ile x (f]s to ! unscrupul\s *>latan a mo/ conv5i5t net to spread = ! unw>y4 ,9 s f> z ^! occult m>9]s1 ! a/rologi/s & phr5ologi/s & id g5us omne are s9c]e1 & 9 s f> repres5t sup]/ition r ?an comm]cial fraud1 !y simply ignore ?r\gh ob/9acy or ignorance ! light-h\ses & *>ts & ! o!r aids to mod]n navigation1 & p]si/ 9 /e]+ _! craft by an occult compass4 ,9 "s cases !y are pr(ess$ly sett+ out1 n = any h>bor m>k$ on t]re/rial maps1 b _! exp$ition is = ! gold5 fleece or = ! apples ( ! ,hesp]ides2 & ) l\d-voic$ adv]tisem5ts ( _! skill z pilots1 !y proce$ to =m /ock companies = ! promotion ( ! ent]prise & to sell ! %>es to cr$ul\s speculators4 ,x w\ld be a pr(itless task to review ! alleg$ data ( a/rology or phr5ology or palmi/ry except = ! illu/rations :i* !y readily yield ( ! nature ( ! conceptions & ! logic :i* comm& a c]ta9 popul> int]e/ & acceptance4 ,! int]e/ 9 ^! notions1 is1 z ,mr4 ,lang argues ab\t gho/s & rapp+s & bogles1 9 h[ !y come to be believ$ r ?an 9 h[ mu* or h[ little !y *ance to be true4 ,9 exam9+ ! pr(ess$ evid5ce = ! facts & laws & pr9ciples 7sit v5ia v]bis7 t p]vade a/rology or phr5ology or palmi/ry or dream-int]pretation1 or beliefs ( t ilk1 we f9d ! flimsie/ k9d ( texture t w h>dly be> exam9ation & holds toge!r only s long z x is kept seclud$ f ! light ( day4 ,f>-fet*$ analogy1 baseless ass]tion1 ! uncritical assimilation ( popul> sup]/itions1 a great deal ( prophecy aft] ! ev5t--x is wond]ful h[ cle>ly ! a/rolog] f9ds ! indications ( ,napoleon's c>e] 9 8 horoscope1 or ! phr5ologi/ reads !m 9 ! ,napoleonic cranial protub]ances--mu* fanciful elaboration ( detail1 r++ ! v>iations on a suffici5tly complex & non-demon/rable proposition1 cultivat+ a conv5i5t vagu5ess ( expression toge!r ) an apologetic skill 9 provid+ = & expla9+ exceptions1 ! c\rage to ignore failure & ! %rewdness to pr(it by co9cid5ces & half-assimilat$ smatt]+s ( sci5ce2 & ) x all an ins5sibility to ! moral & intellectual dem&s ( ! logical decalogue1 & y h ! skeleton :i* clo!d ) "o fle% becomes a/rology1 & ) ano!r phr5ology & ) ano!r palmi/ry or sol> biology or descriptive m5tality or :at n4 ,su* pseudo-sci5ces ?rive ^u t widespread & int5se crav+ = practical guidance ( our individual affairs1 :i* is n satisfi$ ) judici\s applications ( g5]al pr9ciples1 ) due consid]ation ( ! probabilities & unc]ta9ties ( human life1 b dem&s an impossible & precise revelation4 ,n all t passes =1 & 9 a way is1 k1 is or is likely soon to become sci5tific2 & :5 a peasant p>ades 9 an academic g[n ! result is likely to be a c>icature4 ,to a*ieve =tune1 to judge well & comm& "o's fell[-m51 to =etell & control ! future1 to be wise 9 worldly lore1 are natural objects ( human desire2 b /ill ano!r is ess5tial to happ9ess4 ,:e!r we attempt to procure ^! good =tunes by go+ e>ly to b$ & e>ly to rise1 or by m occult proc$ures1 we wi% to be heal?y z well z weal?y & wise4 ,! ma9t5ance ( heal? & ! p]petuity ( y\? 7 n abs5t f ! m$ival occulti/'s se>*1 & =m$ an ess5tial "p ( ! b5efits to be conf]r$ by ! elixir ( life & ! philosoph]'s /one4 ,a s]ies ( sup]/itions & extravagant sy/ems are conspicu\s 9 ! antec$5ts & ! bye-pa?s ( ! hi/ory ( m$ic9e1 & are relat$ to x mu* z a/rology is to a/ronomy or al*emy to *emi/ry2 & because m$ic9e 9 "p rema9s1 & to previ\s g5]ations 0 conspicu\sly an empirical art r ?an a sci5ce1 x (f]s great opportunity = practical error & misappli$ p>tial k4 ,x is n necess>y to g back to e>ly civilizations or to primitive peoples1 among :om ! m$ic9e-man & ! prie/ 7 "o & alike appeal+ to occult p[]s1 nor to e>ly !ories ( disease :i* beheld 9 insanity ! obsession ( demons & resort$ to exorcism to ca/ !m out2 x is n necess>y to consid] ! v>i\s p]sonages :o acquir$ notoriety z heal]s by lay+ on ( h&s or by appeal to fai?1 or :o l ,mesm] introduc$ ! sy/em ( ,animal ,magnetism1 or l "s ( 8 foll[]s1 s\ght directions = heal+ f ! clairvoyant dicta ( somnambules2 x is n necess>y to ransack folk-lore sup]/itions & popul> rem$ies = ! treatm5t ( disease2 = ! mod]n =ms ( #8irregul>' heal+ (f] suffici5t illu/rations ( occult me?ods ( escap+ ! ills t fle% is heir to4 ,! exi/5ce ( a special t]m = a m$ical impo/or is d\btless ! result ( ! preval5ce ( ! class ?us nam$1 b quack]y & occult m$ic9e ?\gh mutually ov]lapp+1 c by no means be held acc\ntable = "o ano!r's fail+s4 ,_m =ms ( quack]y proce$ on ! basis ( sup]/itions or fanciful or exagg]at$ notions conta9+ occult elem5ts1 b = ! pres5t purpose x is wise to limit att5tion to ^? 9 :i* ?is occult factor is di/9ctive2 = m$ical quack]y 9 its l>g] relations is nei!r mod]n nor occult4 ,occult heal+ takes its di/9ctive "* f ! !ory und]ly+ ! practice r ?an f ! nature ( ! practice4 ,x is n s mu* :at is done z :y x is done or pret5d$ to be done or n done1 t det]m9es its occult "*4 ,a factor ( prom95ce 9 mod]n occult heal+ is inde$ "o t 9 o!r =ms *>act]iz$ _m ( its pr$ecessors & 0 r>ely :olly abs5t f ! connection betwe5 ! proc$ure & ! result2 ?is is ! m5tal factor1 :i* may be call$ ^u to give "* to a !ory ( disease1 or be utiliz$ consci\sly or unconsci\sly z a curative pr9ciple4 ,x is n impli$ t #8m5tal m$ic9e' is necess>ily & intr9sically occult1 b only t ! g5]al tr5d ( mod]n occult notions reg>d+ disease may be be/ portray$ 9 c]ta9 typical =ms ( #8psy*ic' heal+4 ,! legitimate recognition ( ! importance ( m5tal conditions 9 heal? & disease is "o ( ! results ( ! union ( mod]n psy*ology & mod]n m$ic9e4 ,an exagg]at$ & extravagant z well z pret5ti\s & illogical ov]-/atem5t & mis/atem5t ( ?is pr9ciple may prop]ly be consid]$ z occult4 ,among su* sy/ems !re is "o :i* by its mom5t>y prom95ce ov]%ad[s all o!rs1 & = ?is reason z well z = its m explicit or r ext5d$ /atem5t ( pr9ciples1 mu/ be accord$ special att5tion4 ,i ne$ h>dly say t ,i ref] to t egregi\s misnom]1 ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce4 ,?is sy/em is said to h be5 discov]$ by or reveal$ to ,mrs4 ,m>y ,bak] ,glov] ,eddy 9 #ahff4 ,sev]al ( its mo/ di/9ctive positions 7)\t _! religi\s sett+7 are to be f\nd 9 ! writ+s & 7 us$ 9 ! practice ( ,mr4 or ,dr4 ,p4 ,p4 ,quimby 7#ahjb-ahff71 :om ,mrs4 ,eddy pr(essionally consult$ %ortly be=e %e began h] own propag&um4 ,on its !oretical side ! sy/em pres5ts a s]ies ( quasi-metaphysical pr9ciples1 & also a pr(ess$ int]pretation ( ! ,scriptures2 on its practical side x (f]s a means ( cur+ or avoid+ disease & includes "u disease also :at is m g5]ally describ$ z s9 & mis=tune4 ,) ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce z a religi\s movem5t ,i %all n directly deal2 ,i wi%1 h[ev]1 to po9t out t ?is assumption ( a religi\s aspect f9ds a p>allel 9 ,spiritualism & ,!osophy & d\btless =ms "o ( ! mo/ pot5t reasons = ! success ( ^! occult movem5ts4 ,x w\ld be a mo/ dang]\s pr9ciple to admit t ! treatm5t ( disease & ! "r to ignore hygi5e c become ! p]quisite ( any religi\s fai?4 ,x w\ld be equally unw>rant$ to p]mit ! pr9ciples :i* are responsible = su* beliefs to take %elt] beh9d ! ramp>ts ( religi\s tol]ance2 = ! ess5tial pr9ciples ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce d n con/itute a =m ( ,*ri/ianity any m ?an !y con/itute a sci5ce2 b 9 s f> z !y d n altoge!r elude description1 p]ta9 to ! doma9 ov] :i* m$ic9e1 physiology & psy*ology hold sway4 ,z ,david ,h>um1 9 speak+ ( 8 *ur*-go+ habits1 *>act]i/ically expla9s1 8! "o ,i /ay away f :5 ,i don't g's ! ,prespyt]iun10 s ! doctr9es :i* ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce #8/ays away f' are ^? ov] :i* recogniz$ dep>tm5ts ( academic le>n+ h ! au?ority to decide4 ,mrs4 ,eddy's magnum opus s]v+ at once z ! text-book ( ! #8sci5ce' & z a revis$ v]sion ( ! ,scriptures--,sci5ce & ,heal?1 ) ,key to ! ,scriptures--has be5 circulat$ to ! ext5t ( "o hundr$ & sev5ty ?\s& copies4 ,i %all n give an acc\nt ( ?is book nor subject its m tangible t5ets to a logical review2 ,i mu/ be cont5t to recomm5d its pages z sugge/ive read+ = ! /ud5t ( ! occult & to set =? 9 ! cr$5tials ( quotation m>ks "s ( ! dicta conc]n+ disease4 ,yet x may be due to ! au?or ( ?is sy/em to beg9 by cit+ :at are decl>$ to be its fundam5tal t5ets1 ev5 if _! connection ) :at is built ^u !m is f> f evid5t4 8,! fundam5tal propositions ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce are summ>iz$ 9 ! f\r foll[+1 to me self-evid5t propositions4 ,ev5 if read backw>d1 ^! propositions w be f\nd to agree 9 /atem5t & pro(3 #a4 ,god is ,all 9 all4 #b4 ,god is good4 ,good is ,m9d4 #c4 ,god1 ,_s1 be+ all1 no?+ is matt]4 #d4 ,life1 ,god1 omnipot5t ,good1 d5y dea?1 evil1 s91 disease--,disease1 s91 evil1 dea?1 d5y ,good1 omnipot5t ,god1 ,life40 8,:at is t]m$ disease does n exi/40 8,matt] has no be+40 8,all is m9d40 8,matt] is b ! subjective /ate ( :at is "h t]m$ mortal m9d40 8,all disease is ! result ( education1 & c c>ry its ill-effects no f>!r ?an mortal m9d maps out ! way40 8,! fe> ( dissev]$ bodily memb]s1 or a belief 9 su* a possibility1 is reflect$ on ! body1 9 ! %ape ( heada*e1 fractur$ bones1 dislocat$ jo9ts1 & s on1 z directly z %ame is se5 ris+ to ! *eek4 ,?is human error ab\t physical w\nds & colics is "p & p>cel ( ! delusion t matt] c feel & see1 hav+ s5sation & sub/ance40 8,insanity implies belief 9 a diseas$ bra91 :ile physical ailm5ts 7s-call$7 arise f belief t "s o!r portions ( ! body are d]ang$4444 ,a bunion w\ld produce insanity z p]ceptible z t produc$ by conge/ion ( ! bra91 7 x n t mortal m9d calls ! bunion an unconsci\s portion ( ! body4 ,rev]se ?is belief & ! results w\ld be diff]5t40 8,we weep because o!rs weep1 we yawn because !y yawn1 & we h small-pox because o!rs h x2 b mortal m9d1 n matt]1 conta9s & c>ries ! infection40 8,a ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/ nev] gives m$ic9e1 nev] recomm5ds hygi5e1 nev] manipulates40 8,anatomy1 ,physiology1 ,treatises on ,heal?1 su/a9$ by :at is t]m$ mat]ial law1 are ! husb&m5 ( sickness & disease40 8,y c ev5 educate a heal?y horse s f> 9 physiology t he w take cold )\t 8 blanket40 8,if exposure to a draught ( air :ile 9 a /ate ( p]spiration is foll[$ by *ills1 dry c\gh1 influ5za1 conge/ive symptoms 9 ! lungs1 or h9ts ( inflammatory rheumatism1 y\r ,m9d-rem$y is safe & sure4 ,if y are a ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/1 su* symptoms w n foll[ f ! exposure2 b if y believe 9 laws ( matt] & _! fatal effects :5 transgress$1 y are n fit to conduct y\r own case or to de/roy ! bad effects ( belief4 ,:5 ! fe> subsides & ! conviction abides t y h brok5 no law1 nei!r rheumatism1 consumption nor any o!r disease w ev] result f exposure to ! wea!r40 8,de/roy fe> & y end ! fev]40 8,to prev5t disease or cure x m5tally let _s de/roy ! dream ( s5se4 ,if y wi% to heal by argum5t1 f9d ! type ( ! ailm5t1 get its "n & array y\r m5tal plea aga9/ ! physical4 ,argue ) ! pati5t 7m5tally1 n audibly7 t he has no disease1 & con=m ! argum5t to ! evid5ce4 ,m5tally insi/ t heal? is ! ev]la/+ fact1 & sickness ! temporal falsity4 ,!n realize ! pres5ce ( heal? & ! corporeal s5ses w respond1 s be x40 8,my publications alone heal m sickness ?an an unconsci5ti\s /ud5t c beg9 to rea*40 8,! quoti5t :5 numb]s h be5 divid$ by a fixd rule1 are n m unque/ionable ?an ! sci5tific te/s ,i h made ( ! effects ( tru? ^u ! sick40 8,i am nev] mi/ak5 9 my sci5tific diagnosis ( disease40 8,outside ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce all is vague & hypo!tical1 ! opposite ( ,tru?40 8,outside ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce all is error40 ,surely ?is is a rem>kable product ( mortal m9d6 ,x w\ld p]haps be an int]e/+ t\r de =ce1 ?\gh h>dly s ent]ta9+ z #8,alice 9 ,wond]l&1' to con/ruct a univ]se on ! ass]tions & hypo!ses :i* ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce pres5ts2 b x w\ld h less resemblance to ! _w we "k ?an has ,alice's ,wond]l&4 ,= any p]son = :om logic & evid5ce are some?+ m real ?an gho/s or my?s1 ! feat mu/ always be relegat$ to ! airy realm ( ! imag9ation & mu/ n be br\ght 9 contact ) e>?ly realities4 ,& yet ! extravagance ( ,mrs4 ,eddy's book1 its sup]b disda9 ( vulg> fact1 its transc5d5tal self-confid5ce1 its solemn assumption t reit]ation & v>iation ( ass]tion someh[ spontane\sly g5]ate pro( or self-evid5ce1 its %rewd assimilation ( a !ological flavor1 its occasional successes 9 produc+ a pres5table trave/y ( sci5tific tru?--all ^! di/9ctions may be f\nd 9 _m a du/-cov]$ volume1 t repres5ts ! int5sity ( conviction ( "s equally en?usia/ic & equally inspir$ occulti/1 b "o less successful 9 secur+ a *orus to e*o 8 refra94 ,i _c dismiss #8,eddyism' )\t illu/rat+ ! peculi> /ructures "u :i*1 9 an ef=t to be consi/5t1 x is =c$ to take %elt]4 ,s9ce disease is always ( purely m5tal orig91 x foll[s t disease & its symptoms _c ensue )\t ! consci\s cop]ation ( ! pati5t2 s9ce 8,*ri/ian ,sci5ce dive/s mat]ial drugs ( _! imag9>y p[]10 x foll[s t ! labels on ! bottles t /& on ! druggi/'s %elves are correspond+ly mean+less4 ,& x becomes an int]e/+ problem to inquire h[ ! cons5sus ( mortal m9d came ab\t t associates "o set ( symptoms ) prussic acid1 & ano!r ) alcohol1 & ano!r ) qu99e4 ,inhal+ oxyg5 or common air w\ld prep>e "o = ! surgeon's knife1 & prussic acid or alcohol h no m effect ?an wat]1 if only a congress ( nations w\ld pron\nce ! =m] to be an/hetic & promulgate a decree t ! latt] %all be h>mless4 ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce does n fl9* f ?is position4 8,if a dose ( poison is swall[$ ?r\gh mi/ake & ! pati5t dies1 ev5 ?\gh physician & pati5t are expect+ favorable results1 does belief1 y ask1 cause ?is dea?8 ,ev5 s1 & z directly z if ! poison _h be5 int5tionally tak54 ,9 su* cases a few p]sons believe ! potion swall[$ by ! pati5t to be h>mless2 b ! va/ majority ( mank9d1 ?\gh !y "k no?+ ( ?is p>ticul> case & ?is special p]son1 believe ! ars5ic1 ! /ry*n9e1 or :atev] ! drug us$1 to be poison\s1 = x has be5 set d[n z a poison by mortal m9d4 ,! consequ5ce is t ! result is controll$ by ! majority ( op9ions outside1 n by ! inf9itesimal m9ority ( op9ions 9 ! sick *amb]40 ,b :y %\ld ! op9ions ( hoi polloi be ( influ5ce 9 su* a case1 & ! enlight5$ m9orities be suffici5t to effect ! m>vell\s cures 9 all ! o!r cases8 ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/s d n take cold 9 draughts 9 spite ( ! contr>y op9ions or illusions ( misguid$ majorities4 ,! logical ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/ ne$ n eat1 8= ! tru? is food does n affect ! life ( man10 & %\ld n r5\nce 8 fai? by add+1 8b x w\ld be fooli% to v5ture beyond our pres5t und]/&+1 fooli% to /op eat+1 until we ga9 m goodness & a cle>] compreh5sion ( ! liv+ ,god40 ,& if he is a m5tal physician he mu/ be a m5tal surgeon1 too1 & n plead t1 8,until ! advanc+ age admits ! efficacy & supremacy ( m9d1 x is bett] to leave ! adju/m5t ( brok5 bones & dislocations to ! f+]s ( surgeons40 ,b x is unpr(itable to consid] ! weakness ( any occult sy/em 9 its enc\nt]s ) actual sci5ce & actual fact4 ,x is simply z a real & prom95t m5ace to rationality t ^! doctr9es naturally attract consid]ation4 ,z illu/rations ( pres5t-day occult beliefs we are naturally tempt$ to inquire :at measure ( 7p]v]t$7 tru? !y may conta92 b ! m wor?y "q is1 ,h[ d su* p]v]sions come to f9d s l>ge a company ( #8support+ li/5]s'8 ,= to any "o :o c read & be conv9c$ by ! sequ5ce ( words ( ?is sy/em1 ord9>y logic has no p[]1 & to him ! _w ( reality br+s no message4 ,no =m ( ! mod]n occult antagonizes ! f\ndations ( sci5ce s brusquely z ?is "o4 ,! possibility ( sci5ce re/s on ! ?or\gh & absolute di/9ction betwe5 ! subjective & ! objective4 ,9 :at measure a man loses ! p[] to draw ?is di/9ction cle>ly & z o!r m5 d1 9 t measure he becomes irrational & insane4 ,! objective exi/s2 & no am\nt ( ?9k+ x away1 or ?9k+ x diff]5tly1 w *ange x4 ,t is :at is und]/ood by ultimate sci5tific tru?2 some?+ t w endure unmodifi$ by pass+ ways ( view+ x1 op5 to e "o's v]ification :o c come equipp$ ) ! prop] means to v]ify--a p]man5t objective to be asc]ta9$ by c>eful logical inquiry1 n to be det]m9$ by subjective op9ion4 ,logic is ! language ( sci5ce2 ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce & :at sane m5 call sci5ce c nev] communicate because !y d n speak ! same language4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x w\ld be un=tunate if 9 emphasiz+ ! popul> prem95ce ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce1 "o 7 to ov]look ! significance ( ! _m o!r =ms ( #8drugless heal+' :i* bid = public favor by appeal to ignorance & to occult & sup]/iti\s in/9cts4 ,"s are alli$ to ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce & l x assimilate _! cult to a religi\s movem5t2 o!rs are unmi/akably ! attempts ( *>latans to lure ! cr$ul\s by noisy adv]tisem5ts ( newly discov]$ & sci5tifically indors$ sy/ems ( #8psy*ic =ce1' or "s p]sonal #8ism4' ,= _m purposes x w\ld be unju/ to gr\p toge!r su* v>i\s sy/ems1 :i* 9 ! nature ( ?+s mu/ include s9n] & sa9t1 ! misguid$ s9c]e1 ! half-believ]s :o ?9k #8!re may be some?+ 9 x1' or #8t x is wor? a trial1' along ) s*em+ quacks & adepts 9 comm]cial fraud4 ,!y illu/rate ! _m & v>i\s roads travel$ 9 ! se>* = heal? by pilgrims :o are dissatisfi$ ) ! highways ov] :i* m$ical sci5ce goes its /eady1 ?\gh x may be1 unc]ta9 gait4 ,among !m !re is bo? plausible exagg]ation & ignorant p]v]sion & di%one/ libel ( ! relations t b9d toge!r body & m9d4 ,among ! sev]al s*isms f ! ,"m ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce !re is "o t claims to be ! #8rational phase ( ! m5tal heal+ doctr9e1' t ackn[l$ges ! reality ( disease & ! incurability ( s]i\s organic disord]s & res5ts any connection ) ! 8half-fanatical p]sonality wor%ip0 ( ,mrs4 ,eddy z q z =eign to its t5ets z w\ld be ! views ( ! #8,free ,religi\s ,association' to ! #8,pope ( ,rome4' #8,div9e ,heal+' exhibits its success 9 "o notable in/ance1 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool & college1 a bank1 a l& & inve/m5t association1 a pr9t+ & publi%+ (fice & sundry ,div9e ,heal+ ,homes2 & ?is prosp]ity is n[ to be ext5d$ by ! f\ndation ( a city or colony ( conv]ts :o %all be unit$ by ! common bond ( fai? 9 div9e heal+ z transmitt$ 9 ! p]sonal p[] ( _! lead]4 ,! (ficial organ ( ?is movem5t ann\nces t ! p]sonification ( _! fai? 8makes h] religion a bus9ess & conducts h]self ^u s\nd bus9ess pr9ciples40 ,) emphatic prote/ on ! "p ( ea* t he alone holds ! key to salvation1 & t 8 sy/em is q orig9al & unlike any o!r1 comes ! procession ( ,metaphysical ,heal] & ,m9d-,curi/ & ,viticulturi/ & ,magnetic ,heal] & ,a/rological ,heal? ,guide & ,phr5opa?i/ & ,m$ical ,clairvoyant & ,psy*ic ,sci5ti/ & ,mesm]i/ & ,occulti/4 ,"s use or abuse ! manipulations ( ,hypnotism2 o!rs claim ! p[] to conc5trate ! magnetism ( ! air & to excite ! vital fluids by ar\s+ ! prop] m5tal vibrations1 or by "s equally lucid & demon/rable proc$ure2 "s adv]tise magnetic cups & positive & negative p[d]s & abs5t treatm5t by outputs ( #8psy*ic =ce' & c\ntless o!r impos+ devices4 ,9 tru?1 !y =m a motley crew1 & ) _! #8,colleges ( ,f9e ,=ces' & #8,psy*ic ,rese>* ,companies1' (f]+ diplomas & degrees = a ?ree weeks' c\rse ( /udy or ! read+ ( a book1 repres5t ! slums ( ! occult4 ,an acc\nt ( _! me?ods is likely to be ( z mu* int]e/ to ! /ud5t ( fraud z to ! /ud5t ( op9ion4 ,!re c be no d\bt t _m ( ^! sy/ems h be5 /imulat$ into life or into r5ew$ vigor by ! success ( #8,*ri/ian ,sci5ce'2 ?is is p>ticul>ly noticeable 9 ! introduction ( abs5t treatm5t z a plank 9 _! div]se plat=ms4 ,?is +5i\s me?od ( re/or+ ! heal? ( _! pati5ts & _! own ex*equ]s appeal$ to all ! b& ( heal+ occulti/s f ,spirituali/ to ,vibrationi/1 z easily adaptable to _! sev]al sy/ems4 ,9 mu* ! same way ,mesm]1 m ?an a hundr$ ye>s ago1 adm9i/]$ to ! practice :i* _h exhau/$ ! capacity ( 8 p]sonal att5tion by magnetiz+ trees & sell+ magnetiz$ wat]4 ,! abs5t treatm5t repres5ts ! occult #8ext5sion movem5t'2 & un5cumb]$ by ! hamp]+ re/rictions ( physical =ces1 sup]ior ev5 to wireless telegraphy1 c>ries its influ5ce into ! remote/ homes4 ,f ocean to ocean & f ,nor? to ,s\? ^! abs5t heal]s set ap>t "s h\r ( ! day :5 !y m5tally convey _! heal+ ^w to ! scatt]$ memb]s ( _! flock4 ,on ! paym5t ( a small fee y are made acqua9t$ ) ! #8s\l-communion "t-table' = y\r longitude & may "k :5 to meet ! heal+ vibrations z !y pass by4 ,o!rs disda9 any su* temporal details & assure a cure m]ely on paym5t ( ! fee2 ! heal] w "k sympa!tically :5 & h[ to transmit ! curative impulses4 ,pov]ty & bad habits z well z disease readily succumb to ! magic ( ! abs5t treatm5t4 ,"h is ! hy/]ical edict ( "o ( !m3 #8,jo9 ! ,success ,circle4' 444 8,! ,c5tre ( t ,circle is my omnipot5t ,,^w4 ,daily ,i speak x4 ,its vibrations radiate m & m p[]fully day by day4444 ,z ! sun s5ds out vibrations 444 s my ,,^w radiates ,success to #aj1jjj lives z easily z to "o40 ,x is impossible to appreciate fully ! extravagances ( ^! occult heal]s unless "o makes a suffici5t sacrifice ( "t & pati5ce to read ov] a consid]able sample ( ! p]iodical publications ) :i* ,am]ican occultism is abundantly provid$4 ,& :5 "o has accompli%$ ?is task he is /ill at sea to acc\nt = ! read]s & believ]s :o support ^! v>i\s sy/ems s undreamt ( 9 our philosophy4 ,x w\ld really seem t !re is no comb9ation ( ideas too absurd to fail entirely ( a foll[+4 ,c>lyle )\t special provocation conclud$ t !re 7 ab\t =ty million p]sons 9 ,engl&1 mo/ly fools2 :at w\ld h be5 8 comm5t 9 ! face ( ?is va/ array ( human folly6 ,if x be urg$ 9 rejo9d] t b5ea? all ?is rubbi% heap a true jewel lies buri$1 t ! wond]ful cures & ! practical success ( ^! v>i\s sy/ems indicate _! dep5d5ce ^u an ess5tial & valuable factor 9 ! cure ( disease & ! =mation ( habits1 x is possible ) res]vation to ass5t & ) emphasis to demur4 ,su* success1 9 s f> z x is rightly report$1 exemplifies ! truly rem>kable function ( ! m5tal factor 9 ! control ( normal z ( disord]$ physiological functions4 ,?is tru? has be5 recogniz$ & utiliz$ 9 unobtrusive ways = _m g5]ations1 & )9 rec5t ye>s has receiv$ sub/antial elaboration f c>efully conduct$ exp]im5ts & obs]vations4 ,specifically ! !rapeutic action ( sugge/ion1 bo? 9 its m usual =ms & z hypnotic sugge/ion1 has %[n to :at unexpect$ ext5t su* action may proce$ 9 susceptible individuals4 ,! well-in=m$ & capable physician requires no in/ruction on ?is po9t2 8 m$ical education furni%es him ) ! means ( det]m9+ ! symptoms ( true organic disord]1 ( functional d]angem5t & ( ! modifications ( ^! "u ! m or less unconsci\s int]f]5ce ( an un=tunate n]v\s sy/em4 ,x is q z human = ! physician z = o!r mortals to err1 & !re is d\btless z wide a range among !m z among o!r pursuits1 ( ability1 tact & insight4 #8,b :5 all is said & done' ! fundam5tal fact rema9s t ! utilization ( ! m5tal factor 9 ! alleviation ( disease w be be/ adm9i/]$ by ^? :o are specifically tra9$ 9 ! k ( bodily & m5tal symptoms ( disease4 ,su* application ( an e/abli%$ sci5tific pr9ciple may prove to be a jewel ( wor? 9 ! h&s ( him :o kn[s h[ to cut & set x4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 tru? & error1 betwe5 sci5ce & sup]/ition1 betwe5 :at is b5efic5t to mank9d & :at is p]nici\s1 frequ5tly lies 9 ! int]pretation & ! _s z mu* z or m ?an 9 ! fact4 ,! utilization ( m5tal influ5ces 9 heal? & disease becomes ! "o or ! o!r accord+ to ! wisdom & ! tru? & ! insight into ! real relations ( ?+s t guide its application4 ,z f> remov$ z *emi/ry f al*emy1 z a/ronomy f a/rology1 z ! doctr9e ( ! localization ( function 9 ! bra9 f phr5ology1 z #8animal magnetism' f hypnotic sugge/ion1 are ! crude & p]v]se notions ( ,*ri/ian ,sci5ti/ or ,metaphysical ,heal] remov$ f ! rational application ( ! influ5ce ( ! m9d ov] ! body4 ,! gr[? & developm5t ( ! occult =ms an int]e/+ problem 9 ! psy*ology ( belief4 ,! motives t induce ! w to believe 9 ! sev]al doctr9es t h be5 pass$ 9 review are c]ta9ly n m easy to detect & to describe ?an w\ld be ! case 9 ref]5ce to ! _m o!r g5]al problems--philosophical1 sci5tific1 religi\s1 social1 political or educational--on :i* ! "r to an op9ion seems to be reg>d$ z an inali5able h]itage ( humanity or at lea/ ( democracy4 ,pr(essor ,james tells u t (t5 8our fai? is fai? 9 "s "o else's fai?1 & 9 ! greate/ matt]s ?is is mo/ ! case40 ,c]ta9ly ! waves ( popul>ity ( "o cult & ano!r reflect ! pot5t influ5ce ( contagion 9 ! =mation ( op9ion & ! direction ( conduct4 ,:5 we look ^u ! popul> delusions ( ! pa/ ?r\gh ! a*romatic glasses :i* hi/orical remot5ess f pres5t conditions enables u to adju/ to our eyes1 we m>vel t humanity c\ld h be5 s grossly misl$1 t obvi\s relations & fallacies c\ld h be5 s /upidly ov]look$1 t wor?less & prejudic$ evid5ce c\ld h be5 accept$ z s\nd & significant4 ,b ! op9ions to :i* we incl9e are all color$ o'er ) ! deep t+e ( emotional reality1 :i* is ! liv+ expression ( our int]e/ 9 !m or our incl9ation t[>d !m4 ,:at !y require is a m vigor\s infusion ( ! pale ca/ ( ?\ght2 = ! problem ( ! occult & ! temptations to belief :i* x holds out are su* z c be met only by a vigor\s & critical application ( a sci5tific logic4 ,z logical acum5 pr$om9ates ov] sup]ficial plausibility1 z belief comes to be =m$ & evid5ce e/imat$ accord+ to its intr9sic value r ?an accord+ to its emotional acceptability1 ! propag&um ( ! occult w meet ) great] resi/ance & av]sion4 ,! fixation ( belief proce$s "u ! influ5ce ( bo? g5]al & special =ces2 ! =mation ( a belief is at once a p]sonal & a social reaction--a reaction to ! evid5ce :i* record$ & p]sonal exp]i5ce pres5ts & to ! beliefs curr5t 9 our environm5t1 & ?is reaction is fur!r modifi$ by ! temp]am5t ( ! reag5t4 ,& al?\gh individual beliefs1 h[ev] complex1 are nei!r matt]s ( *ance nor are _! causes altoge!r pa/ f9d+ out1 yet "s ( _! contribut+ factors are s vague & s inaccessible t !y are mo/ pr(itably consid]$ z p>ticul> results ( m or less cle>ly disc]n$ g5]al pr9ciples2 & 9 _m respects !re is m valid int]e/ 9 ! g5]al pr9ciples ?an 9 ! p>ticul> results4 ,x is int]e/+ & x may be pr(itable to inve/igate :y ?is area is wood$ ) oak & t ) maple1 b x is some:at idle to speculate :y ?is p>ticul> tree happ5s to be a maple r ?an an oak1 ev5 if x *ances to /& on our prop]ty1 & to h an int]e/ to u beyond all o!r trees4 ,x is ?is false conc5tration ( ! att5tion to ! p]sonal & individual result t is responsible = mu* unw>rant$ belief 9 ! occult4 ,x is likely t no s+le influ5ce is m pot5t 9 ?is direction ?an ?is un=tunate ov]-int]e/ 9 "o's own p]sonality & ! consequ5t dem& = a precise explanation ( "o's individual exp]i5ces4 ,?is habit seems to me a positive vice1 & ,i am glad to f9d support 9 ,pr(essor ,james3 8,! *ronic belief ( mank9d t ev5ts may happ5 = ! sake ( _! p]sonal significance is an abom9ation40 ,c>ri$ ov] to ! field ( subjective exp]i5ces1 ?is habit sees 9 co9cid5ces peculi>ly significant om5s & port5ts1 n def9itely & sup]/iti\sly1 x may be1 b suffici5tly to obscure ! consid]ation ( ! exp]i5ce 9 any o!r ?an a p]sonal light4 ,! victim ( ?is habit w rema9 logically unfit to survive ! /ruggle aga9/ ! occult4 ,only :5 ! g5]al problem is recogniz$ z m significant = ! guidance ( belief ?an ! attempt$ explicit p]sonal explanations w ^! problems /& out 9 _! true relations4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! p>tak+ ( m9ce-pie at ev5+ may induce bad dreams1 b x is h>dly pr(itable to speculate deeply :y my dream took ! =m ( a le]+ demon ) ! impolite habit ( squatt+ on my *e/4 ,! /uff t dreams are made ( is n susceptible ( t type ( analysis4 ,! mo/ g5]\s all[ance mu/ be made = co9cid5ces & irrelevancies1 & x mu/ be con/antly rememb]$ t ! obscure ph5om5a ( psy*ology1 &1 inde$1 ! ph5om5a ( m ?or\ghly e/abli%$ & intr9sically m def9ite sci5ces1 _c be expect$ to pass ! te/ ( detail$ & concrete comb9ations ( circum/ances4 ,9 o!r classes ( k ! temptation to dem& su* explicit explanations ( obs]vations & exp]i5ces is n s /rong because ( ! abs5ce ( an equally /rong p]sonal int]e/2 b t cle>ly does n affect ! logical /atus ( ! problem4 ,! reply to ?is argum5t ,i c readily anticipate2 & ,i confess t my admiration ( ,hamlet is some:at dull$ by reason ( t ill-advis$ rem>k to ,horatio ab\t !re be+ m ?+s 9 heav5 & e>? ?an are dreamt ( 9 our philosophies4 ,! occulti/ always seizes ^u t citation to refute ! sci5ti/4 ,he pr9ts x z 8 motto on 8 books & j\rnals1 & reg>ds x z a sl[ poison t w 9 "t effect ! de/ruction ( ! rabble ( sci5ti/s & reveal ! tru? ( 8 own ,psy*o-,h>monic ,sci5ce or ,helioc5tric ,a/rology4 ,x is "o ?+ to be op5-m9d$ & to realize ! incomplet5ess ( sci5tific k & to appreciate h[ (t5 :at 0 ignor$ by "o g5]ation has become ! sci5ce ( ! next2 & x is a v diff]5t ?+ to be impress$ ) co9cid5ces & dreams & premonitions1 & to reg>d !m z giv+ ! keynote to ! conceptions ( nature & reality1 & to look ^u sci5ce z a misdirect$ ef=t4 ,su* diff]5ces ( attitude dep5d frequ5tly ^u a diff]5ce ( temp]am5t z well z ^u intellectual disc]nm5t2 ! man or ! woman :o flies to ! ?+s n dreamt ( 9 our philosophy q commonly does n und]/& ! ?+s :i* our philosophy v cr$itably acc\nts =4 ,! two types ( m9d are diff]5t1 & 7,i am aga9 cit+ ,pr(essor ,james7 8! sci5tific-academic m9d & ! fem99e-my/ical m9d %y f ea* o!r's facts j z !y fly f ea* o!r's temp] & _s40 ,c]ta9 special influ5ces comb9e ) ^! fundam5tal diff]5ces ( attitude to favor ! spread ( belief 9 ! occult2 & ( ^! ! "* ( ! beliefs z ( ! believ]s furni% "s evid5ce4 ,at v>i\s /ages ( ! discussion ,i h ref]r$ to ! deceptive nature ( ! argum5t by analogy2 to ! dom9at+ sympa?y ) a conclusion & ! result+ assimilation & ov]e/imation ( app>5t evid5ce 9 its favor2 to ! frequ5t failure to und]/& t ! =mation ( valid op9ion & ! int]pretation ( evid5ce 9 any field ( inquiry require some:at ( exp]t tra9+ & special aptitude1 obvi\sly s 9 te*nical matt]s1 b only mod]ately less s 9 matt]s mislead+ly reg>d$ z g5]al2 to bias & sup]/ition1 to ! weakness t b5ds easily to ! influ5ces ( contagion1 to un=tunate educational limitations & p]v]sions &1 n ! lea/1 to a defective gr\nd+ 9 ! nature ( sci5tific fact & pro(4 ,! my/]y atta*+ to ! behavior ( ! magnet l$ ,mesm] to call 8 curative influ5ce #8animal magnetism'--a conception t /ill prevails among latt]-day occulti/s4 ,! pr9ciple ( sympa!tic vibration1 9 ob$i5ce to :i* a tun+-=k takes up ! vibrations ( ano!r 9 unison ) x1 is viol5tly transf]r$ to imag9>y bra9 vibrations & to /ill m imag9>y telepa?ic curr5ts4 ,! ,x-ray & wireless telegraphy are c]ta9 to be utiliz$ 9 corroboration ( unprov5 modes ( m5tal action1 & w be reg>d$ z ! key to clairvoyance & rapport1 j z well-kn[n electrical ph5om5a h giv5 rise to ! notions ( positive & negative temp]am5ts & m$iumi/ic pol> attraction & repulsion4 ,all ?is results f ! absurd application ( analogies2 = analogies ev5 :5 appropriate are little m ?an sugge/ive or at lea/ corroborative ( relations or conceptions :i* owe _! ma9 support to o!r & m /urdy evid5ce4 ,analogy "u c>eful sup]vision may make a useful appr5tice1 b endless havoc results :5 ! s]vant plays ! "p ( ! ma/]4 ,no bett] illu/rations c\ld be desir$ ( ! effects ( m5tal prepossession & ! result+ di/ortion ( evid5ce & ( logical insight1 ?an ^? af=d$ by ,spiritualism & ,*ri/ian ,sci5ce4 ,9 bo? ^! movem5ts ! assimilation ( a religi\s tr5d has be5 ( ine/imable importance to _! dissem9ation4 ,surely x is n m]ely or ma9ly ! evid5ces obta9able 9 ! sance *amb]1 nor ! irresi/ible accumulation ( cures by argum5t & ?\ght-heal+s1 t acc\nt = ! organiz$ ga!r+s ( ,spirituali/s & ! co/ly temples & ?riv+ congregations ( ,*ri/ ,sci5ti/4 ,x is ! pres5tation ( a practical doctr9e ( immortality & ( ! spiritual nature ( disease 9 conjunction ) an accept$ religi\s sy/em1 t is responsible = ^! va/ results4 ,! #8,key to ! ,scriptures' has immeasurably re9=c$ ! #8,sci5ce & ,heal?1' & br\ght believ]s to a new =m ( ,*ri/ianity :o nev] w\ld h be5 conv]t$ to a new sy/em ( m$ic9e pres5t$ on purely intellectual gr\nds4 ,rationality is d\btless a *>act]i/ic t5d5cy ( humanity1 b logicality is an acquir$ possession & "o by no means firmly e/abli%$ 9 ! race at l>ge4 ,s long z we are reprov$ by ! discipl9e ( nature & t r promptly1 we t5d to act 9 accordance ) ! e/abli%$ relations ( ?+s2 & t is rationality4 ,b ! m remote connections betwe5 antec$5t & consequ5t & ! developm5t ( habits ( ?\ght :i* %all lead to reliable conclusions 9 complex situations2 & aga91 ! ability to di/+ui% betwe5 ! plausible & ! true1 ! firmness to support pr9ciple 9 ! face ( p>adox & seem+ non-con=mity1 to ?9k cle>ly & consi/5tly 9 ! abs5ce ( ! practical repro( ( nature--t is logicality4 ,x is only z ! result ( a prolong$ & consci5ti\s tra9+ aid$ by an ext5sive exp]i5ce & a k ( ! hi/orical exp]i5ce ( ! race1 t ! inh]5t rational t5d5cies develop into e/abli%$ logical habits & pr9ciples ( belief4 ,= _m ?is developm5t rema9s /unt$ or arre/$2 & !y cont9ue z *ildr5 ( a l>g] gr[?1 lean+ mu* on o!rs1 r>ely v5tur+ abroad alone & wisely conf9+ _! excursions to famili> gr\nd4 ,:5 !y un=tunately become possess$ ) ! desire to travel1 _! lack ( appreciation ( ! sights :i* _! j\rneys br+ be=e !m gives to _! reports ! same degree ( reliability & value z atta*es to ! mu* ridicul$ comm5ts ( ! phili/9e n\veaux ri*es4 ,= ^! suffici5t reasons x is ,utopian to look =w>d to ! day :5 ! occult %all h disappe>$1 & ! lion & ! lamb %all fe$ & gr[ /rong on ! same n\ri%m5t4 ,d\btless new =ms & phases ( ! occult w arise to take ! place ( ! old z _! popul>ity decl9es2 & ! _w w be ! m int]e/+ & m *>act]i/ically a human dwell+-place = conta9+ all sorts & conditions ( m9ds4 ,none ! less x is ! pla9 duty & privilege ( ea* g5]ation to utilize e opportunity to dispel error & sup]/ition1 & to oppose ! dissem9ation ( irrational beliefs4 ,x is p>ticul>ly ! obligation ( ! tor*-be>]s ( sci5ce to illum9ate ! pa? ( progress & to transmit ! light to _! successors ) undim9i%$ p[] & brilliancy2 ?is flame mu/ burn bo? z a beacon-light to guide ! wayf>] along ! highways ( advance & z a w>n+ aga9/ ! w-(-!-wisps t %9e s$uctively 9 ! bye-ways4 ,! safe/ & mo/ effici5t antidote to ! spread ( ! p]nici\s t5d5cies inh]5t 9 ! occult lies 9 ! cultivation ( a :olesome & :ole-s\l$ int]e/ 9 ! g5u9e & pr(itable problems ( nature & ( life1 & 9 ! cultivation ) x ( a /eadfa/ adh]5ce to common s5se & to a true logical p]spective ( ! significance & value ( ?+s4 ,^! qualities1 =tunately = our =efa!rs1 are n ! pr]ogative ( ! mod]n2 &1 =tunately = po/]ity1 are likely to rema9 *>act]i/ic ( ! sci5tific & antagoni/ic to ! occult4 ,,birds ,,z ,,fly+ ,,ma*9es4 ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,a4 ,,lucas4 ,f ! day ( ,solomon onw>d ! way ( a bird 9 ! air has be5 a subject ( g5]al int]e/1 & ! att5tion giv5 to ! problem ( a]ial navigation ( late ye>s has caus$ ! flight ( birds to be c>efully /udi$ 9 ! hope t x might ?r[ "s light on ! subject4 ,!re h be5 _m conceptions1 n to say misconceptions1 reg>d+ ! flight ( birds2 x has be5 assum$ t _! muscles ex]t$ a p[] q beyond t ( o!r animals1 t ! air sacs ( "s birds & ! holl[ bones ( o!rs gave !m a degree ( lightness q unatta9able by ! use ( ord9>y mat]ials1 :ile "s h ev5 gone s f> z to sugge/ ! pres5ce ( "s my/]i\s p[]1 some?+ l ,/ockton's negative gravity1 :]eby birds c\ld set at naught ! law ( gravitation & rise at w l a balloon4 ,! /r5g? ( a bird's muscles1 ( "s birds' muscles at lea/1 is n to be und]rat$2 a hawk w plant its talons 9 a bird ( ne>ly its own size & weight & be> ! victim bodily away1 & an osprey w c>ry a fi% = a long di/ance4 ,b a tig] has be5 kn[n to fell a bullock ) a s+le bl[ ( ! paw1 to c>ry a man z a cat w\ld c>ry a rat & to drag an ,indian buffalo heavi] ?an himself4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "s ( ! petrels1 birds :i* c pass a day or s on ! w+ ) ease1 _c rise f ! wat] aft] a he>ty meal1 & ! humm+-bird1 unsurpass$ 9 a]ial evolutions1 may be trapp$ 9 a spid]'s web4 ,?is %[s no great p[]1 & long ago ,m>ey f\nd t ! pull+ =ce ( a hawk's great brea/ muscle1 appli$ ?r\gh ! hum]us1 am\nt$ to #a1bih grams p] squ>e c5timet]1 some?+ l sev5 p\nds to ! squ>e in*2 n a v heavy pull4 ,s x seems fair to assume t :ile ! p[] ex]t$ by a bird is great1 x is v f> f m>vel\s1 probably f> less 9 proportion to size ?an ! eng9e ( ,maxim's great a]oplane1 or ! naph?a motor ( ,pr(essor ,langley1 :i* weighs less ?an t5 p\nds p] horse p[]4 ,we may get a fair idea ( :at ?is means by rememb]+ t a bald eagle weighs f n9e to fifte5 p\nds & t he ex]ts b a small fraction ( a horse p[]4 ,turn+ to ! "q ( ! "p play$ by ! air sacs x may be said t _! value is n prov$2 "s ( ! fa/e/ birds get along )\t !m1 :ile birds ( ! mo/ labor$ flight are sometimes well provid$4 ,9 birds l ! gannet & br[n pelican ! air sacs & cellul> tissue ab\t ! body und\bt$ly s]ve z buff]s to break ! %ock ( a headlong plunge into ! wat] f a height ( a hundr$ to a hundr$ & fifty feet4 ,or1 aga91 !y equalize ! int]nal & ext]nal pressure :5 a so>+ bird drops sudd5ly f a great height1 or /ill m (t5 aid 9 oxyg5at+ ! blood4 ,! holl[ bones ( birds are frequ5tly cit$ z beautiful in/ances ( provid5tial me*anics 9 build+ ! /ronge/ & l>ge/ possible limb ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( mat]ial1 & ?is is l>gely true4 ,& yet birds l ducks1 :i* cleave ! air ) ! spe$ ( an express tra91 h ! long bones fill$ ) m>r[ or saturat$ ) fat1 :ile ! lumb]+ hornbill t fairly hurtles ov] ! tree tops has "o ( ! mo/ completely pneumatic skeletons imag9able1 p]meat$ ) air to ! v toe tips2 & ! unga9ly pelican is ne>ly z well (f4 ,/ill x is b fair to say t ! frigate bird & turkey buzz>ds1 creatures :i* are mo/ at ease :5 on ! w+1 h extremely light & holl[ bones1 b comp>+ "o bird ) ano!r ! p>am\nt importance ( a pneumatic skeleton to a bird is n z evid5t z t ( a pneumatic tire to a bicycle4 ,:ile x may n be easy to disprove ,h]r ,gtke's ass]tion t birds su/a9 !mselves 9 ! air by ! ex]cise ( "s p[] beyond our own1 x is pretty safe to assume t !y d n1 & x w\ld seem t ! burd5 ( pro( %\ld lie ) ^? :o take ! affirmative side ( ! "q4 ,if we h no?+ to le>n f birds 9 ! way ( build+ an eng9e t %all ex]t great p[] = its size & weight we may /ill h some?+ to ga9 9 ! matt] ( spe$1 al?\gh "h ! popul> idea is apt to be exagg]at$4 ,we (t5 read t ducks fly at ! rate ( a mile a m9ute1 or t ! swall[ has a spe$ ( two hundr$ miles an h\r1 b x is v difficult to lay h&s ^u any facts t w su/a9 ^! ass]tions4 ,s1 too1 hom+ pigeons are frequ5tly /at$ to h travell$ = long di/ances at ! rate ( sixty miles an h\r1 b "s ( ! publi%$ records %[ t "o hundr$ & tw5ty miles 9 two h\rs & a qu>t] is unusually fa/ travel+1 & ?is is at ! rate ( only n9e-t5?s ( a mile p] m9ute1 a spe$ n unusual = express tra9s4 ,h[ev]1 x may be said t actual obs]vations %[ t ducks d travel f =ty to fifty miles an h\r1 & any sportsman w readily believe t "u "s conditions !y atta9 a velocity ( a mile & a qu>t] a m9ute1 al?\gh a confession ( fai? is n a demon/ration ( an assur$ fact4 ,s f> ! lesson taught by ! bird is t a ma*9e ( l[ p[] may atta9 a v consid]able spe$ & x rema9s to be se5 if !re is any?+ to be le>n$ conc]n+ me?ods ( flight4 ,broadly speak+1 !re are two1 possibly ?ree1 di/9ct modes ( flight1 by repeat$ /rokes ( ! w+s & by so>+ or sail+1 al?\gh we f9d e int]m$iate /age betwe5 ! two1 or comb9ations ( flapp+ & sail+1 & z a matt] ( fact no bird c entirely disp5se ) /rokes ( ! w+4 ,! humm+-bird repres5ts ! p]fection ( "o me?od1 ! frigate bird ( ! o!r1 & 9 8 own l9e ea* is unrival$4 ,^! two modes ( flight are associat$ ) equally di/9ct modifications ( /ructure1 & j z we h e int]m$iate /ate ( flight betwe5 flapp+ & so>+ s ! two /ructural extremes are m]g$ into "o ano!r4 ,! humm+-bird flies z ! ,iri%man play$ ! fiddle1 by ma9 /r5g?1 ! frigate bird relies on 8 skill 9 tak+ advantage ( e v>y+ curr5t ( air1 & ! skeleton ( ! "o indicates great muscul> p[] :ile t ( ! o!r %[s its abs5ce4 ,no o!r bird has su* proportionately great muscles z ! humm+-bird1 ! keel ( ! /]num or brea/ bone f :i* ^! muscles arise runs f "o end ( ! body to ! o!r :ile at ! same "t x projects d[nw>d l ! keel ( a mod]n rac+ ya*t4 ,^! muscles drive at ! rate ( sev]al hundr$ /rokes a m9ute a pair ( small1 rigid w+s1 ! out]mo/ bones ( :i* are v long :ile ! inn]mo/ are v %ort1 a feature calculat$ to give ! greate/ am\nt ( motion at ! tip ( ! w+ ) ! lea/ movem5t ( ! bones ( ! upp] arm1 to :i* ! driv+ muscles are atta*$4 ,ano!r peculi> feature is t ! out]mo/ fea!rs1 ! flight fea!rs or prim>ies1 are long & /rong1 :ile ! inn]mo/1 ^? atta*$ to ! =e>m1 are few & weak2 s f> z flight is conc]n$ ! bird c\ld disp5se ) ^! second>ies & n feel _! loss4 ,f9ally ! he>t1 :i* we may look ^u z ! boil] t supplies /eam = ?is ma*9]y1 is l>ge & p[]ful1 z is necess>y = su* a high-pressure eng9e z ! little humm+-bird4 ,x is h>dly to him t we w\ld look = aid 9 con/ruct+ a fly+ ma*9e1 ! exp5diture ( =ce is too great = ! results atta9$1 ! space requir$ = boil] & eng9e leaves no room = c>ry+ freight4 ,z j intimat$ ! frigate bird is exactly ! rev]se ( 8 t9y relative2 ! body is a m]e app5dage to a pair ( w+s1 :ile ! brea/ muscles are s small z to %[ at a glance t ( all fly+ creatures ! frigate bird is ! "o :i* has mo/ successfully solv$ ! problem ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy & c obta9 ! greate/ am\nt ( p[] ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( muscle4 ,!re is also a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! humm] & ! frigate bird1 or betwe5 flapp+ & sail+ birds g5]ally1 9 ! complexity ( :at may be t]m$ ! muscles ( adju/m5t1 ! little muscles t run f ! %\ld] to ! elb[ & =e>m &1 among o!r duties1 are conc]n$ 9 keep+ free f wr9kles t portion ( ! w+ :i* lies betwe5 ! %\ld] & ! wri/1 =m+ a triangul> flap ) ! base =m+ ! front edge ( ! w+ & ! apex ly+ 9 ! elb[ jo9t4 ,! w+ ( ! frigate bird1 too1 is q ! opposite ( t ( ! humm]1 = x is ! inn] portion ( ! w+1 ! upp] arm & =e>m1 :i* is elongat$1 & in/ead ( ! six feeble second>ies ( ! humm+-bird !re are no less ?an tw5ty-f\r2 in/ead ( a %ort1 /iff1 r\nd$ w+ we h "o t is long1 flexible & po9t$4 ,in/ead ( a w+ driv5 at ! rate ( sev]al hundr$ /rokes a m9ute !re is a w+ t may be held out/ret*$ & app>5tly motionless = m9utes at a "t1 ! muscles ( ! frigate bird be+ almo/ z con/antly 9 repose z ^? ( ! o!r are p]petually 9 motion4 ,if ! frigate bird repres5ts ! highe/ type ( so>+ flight two m famili> birds1 ! turkey buzz>d & albatross1 are n f> beh9d1 & ^! repres5t two me?ods ( sail+ flight & two di/9ct modifications 9 ! type ( w+s4 ,! albatross is cont9ually on ! move1 ev] qu>t]+ ! wat] z a well-tra9$ sett] does ! gr\nd1 & yet ) all ?is movem5t r>ely m\nt+ high] ?an fifty feet above ! wat] & nev] :eel+ 9 great circles 9 mid-air4 ,?is bird has t type ( w+ :i* be/ fulfills ! conditions necess>y = an a]oplane1 be+ long & n>r[1 s t :ile a fully gr[n albatross may spread f t5 to twelve feet f tip to tip1 ?is w+ is n m ?an n9e in*es wide4 ,?is spread ( w+1 l t ( ! frigate bird1 is ga9$ by ! elongation ( ! inn] bones ( ! w+ & by increas+ ! numb] ( second>ies1 !re be+ ab\t =ty ( ^! fea!rs 9 ! w+ ( ! albatross4 ,! turkey buzz>d is emphatically a high fly]1 :eel+ sl[ly ab\t1 half a mile or a mile above ! e>?1 :ile 8 c\s91 ! condor1 s ,humboldt tells u1 has be5 se5 above ! summit ( ,*imborazo4 ,if any bird kn[s h[ to utilize e brea? ( w9d to ! utmo/ t bird is ! albatross1 & x is equally a delight & a m>vel to see ?is bird app>5tly sett+ at naught all natural laws z he sails ) out/ret*$ p9ions almo/ into ! eye ( ! w9d or hangs j (f ! lee qu>t] ( a %ip reel+ (f t5 or twelve knots an h\r4 ,9 ?is la/ trick1 h[ev]1 ! gull is almo/ equally exp]t1 evid5tly mak+ use ( ! draft f ! sails z well z ( ! eddies caus$ by ! passage ( ! vessel4 ,x has long be5 evid5t t if man is to navigate ! air x mu/ be done aft] ! me?od ( ! albatross r ?an t ( ! humm+-bird1 by ! a]oplane & n by any device to imitate ! /rokes ( a bird's w+s1 = n only d ! l>ge/ birds & ^? ( ! longe/ flight = ! mo/ "p sail or so>1 b x is app>5t t ! limit ( size 9 a vibrat+ w+ mu/ soon be rea*$1 s9ce 9 a /rong w9d ) its v>y+ eddies x w\ld be q out ( ! "q to manipulate su* a piece ( me*anism4 ,b 9 spite ( ! fact t sail+ flight calls = ! ex]cise ( comp>atively little muscul> p[]1 ! /ructure ( ! skeleton sugge/s t ! w+ ( a so>+ or sail+ bird ne$s a p>ticul>ly /rong po9t ( support1 = birds :i* sail or so> h ! bones :i* su/a9 ! direct pull ( ! w+ /r5g!n$ or brac$ z o!r birds d n4 ,! %\ld] jo9t ( a bird is =m$ by ! %\ld] blade & coracoid1 ?is la/ be+ ! bone :i* is atta*$ to ! brea/ bone & on :i* comes ! direct pull ( ! w+1 & 9 front ( ! coracoids1 runn+ d[nw>ds t[>ds ! /]num1 is ! wi%bone or furcula1 correspond+ to our coll> bones or clavicles4 ,x is evid5t t ! great] ! l5g? ( ! coracoid ! less able w\ld x be to resi/ ! /ra9 br\ght ^u x1 & x is also evid5t t ! simultane\s d[nw>d /roke ( ! w+s mu/ h a t5d5cy to =ce ! coracoids inw>ds1 or t[>ds "o ano!r4 ,obvi\sly ! great] ! /ra9 ! great] ! ne$ ( /r5g!n+ or brac+ ! coracoid to resi/ x1 & !re are 9 ! %\ld] girdle ( a bird v>i\s devices look+ t[>ds ?is end4 ,9 "s birds1 ! albatross1 = example1 ! coracoid is %ort & /\t1 :ile 9 o!rs extra brac+ is obta9$ f ! wi%bone4 ,9 ! humm+-bird ! wi%bone is light & weak & s %ort t x does n come ne> ! /]num2 ! pigeon1 a bird ( p[]ful flight1 is little bett] (f1 = ! wi%bone is s long & sl5d] t x does little or no?+ t[>ds /r5g!n+ ! %\ld] jo9t1 & 9 bo? ^! birds :i* fly by rapid w+ /rokes ! entire pull ( ! w+ is tak5 by ! coracoid4 ,9 ! frigate bird1 on ! contr>y1 ! wi%bone is n only /rong1 b x re/s ^u & is firmly sold]$ to ! brea/bone1 :ile at its upp] end x fuses ) ! coracoid1 ?us mak+ ! firme/ possible support to ! w+4 ,! cranes1 :i* so> well1 also h ! wi%bone unit$ ) /]num1 & 9 ! albatrosses & petrels ! wi%bone t\*es ! brea/bone & is s curv$ =w>d z to ga9 /r5g? 9 ?is way :ile1 z previ\sly not$1 ! /r5g? ( ! coracoid is increas$ by its %ortness4 ,! turkey buzz>d & birds ( prey1 "s ( :i* bo? so> & flap1 h ! wi%bone /r5g!n$ by hav+ m mat]ial add$ to make ! furcula ?ick & /rong :ile at ! same "t x is %ap$ l a wide ,u in/ead ( a ,v4 ,ei!r !re is m =ce ex]t$ 9 sail+ ?an is at fir/ sight app>5t or else extra /r5g? is call$ = 9 mak+ sudd5 turns1 or :5 x becomes necess>y1 z x does m or less frequ5tly1 to take a sudd5 w+ /roke4 ,z w+s are lev]s ( ! ?ird ord] ! long] ! w+ ! m =ce is requir$ to move x & m /r5g? is ne$$ at ! fulcrum or %\ld] jo9t1 & s9ce sail+ birds h long w+s ! ne$ ( /r5g? is evid5t4 ,nei!r birds nor any creatures t live or h liv$ af=d u any crit]ion z to ! limit ( size t mu/ be plac$ on an a]oplane4 ,! l>ge/ ( :ales is weak & insignificant beside an ocean l9]1 & ! condor & albatross1 ) _! spread ( t5 or twelve feet & weight ( t5 to tw5ty p\nds1 tell u no?+ ( :at may be ! possibilities ( size & weight4 ,among ! v>i\s problems confront+ ! w\ld-be navigator ( ! air is t ( at times mak+ headway aga9/ a m$ium mov+ at ! rate ( t51 tw5ty1 or ?irty miles an h\r1 sometimes ev5 m1 a difficulty t nei!r locomotive nor /eam] is call$ ^u to meet4 ,true1 an a]oplane w\ld1 to use a te*nical t]m1 probably lie )9 two & "o-half po9ts ( ! w9d & c\ld ?us advantage\sly beat to w9dw>d1 b any deviation f a /raight c\rse means loss ( "t1 & n[adays "t is ev]y?+4 ,! mode ( propulsion may be1 und\bt$ly w be1 z entirely diff]5t f a w+ z ! propell] is unlike ! tail ( a fi%1 & z ! /udy ( fi% has ?r[n little or no light on ! problems ( ! prop] =m or be/ motor = a %ip1 x is d\btful if ! /udy ( birds w d m = ! a]odrome4 ,nor does x seem likely t a /udy ( ! bird w sugge/ any new devices 9 ! way ( jo9ts1 braces1 or rudd]s1 = :at mu/ be disc\rag+ to ^? engag$ 9 solv+ ! problems ( flight is ! utt] inadequacy ( ! bird's w+1 f a me*anical /&po9t1 = ! "w x is call$ ^u to d1 = 9 all its articulations !re is a fre$om ( movem5t1 an am\nt ( play t w\ld be inadmissible 9 any ma*9e4 ,! %\ld]1 elb[ & wri/ jo9ts are b loose affairs1 dep5d+ = _! effici5cy on ! pull ( ! muscles2 subtract ! elem5t ( life f ! w+ ( a bird & x becomes at once limp & useless4 ,& h]e9 is ! key to ! bird's success z a fly+ ma*9e2 x has life1 & :ile ! w+ may reveal c]ta9 pr9ciples ( balanc+1 x _c tea* u all ! art1 = x is done in/9ctively4 ,! bird has back ( x untold ages ( exp]i5ce & its actions dur+ flight dem& no ?\ght2 ! muscles respond in/9ctively to ea* *ange 9 ! pressure & direction ( ! w9d1 & ! bird ne$ take no ?\ght z to h[ x %all fly4 ,mr4 ,*anute has tak5 ! greate/ /ep yet made t[>ds ov]com+ ! difficulty ( respond+ to *anges 9 ! velocity ( ! fickle air1 b :e!r or n x w be possible to con/ruct app>atus t w n only adju/ itself to *anges 9 ! =ce ( ! w9d1 b to eddies & *anges 9 direction z well1 rema9s to be se51 ! m t x mu/ act n on planes six feet 9 l5g?1 b on surfaces inf9itely l>g]4 ,! prop] me?od ( con/ruct+ ! w+s ( an a]oplane s z to insure /ability & utilize ! p[] ( ! w9d to ! be/ advantage1 & "s h9ts z to balanc+ & /e]+ are ! ma9 assi/ance t we seem likely to ga9 f a /udy ( ! /ructure & flight ( birds4 ,,electric ,,automobiles4 ,,by ,,wm4 ,,baxt]1 ,,jr4 ,z electricity has be5 s successful 9 ! /reet railway1 :]e x has sup]s$$ all o!r =ms ( motive p[]1 x might naturally be suppos$ t x w\ld d equally well 9 ! automobile2 b :5 ! diff]5ce 9 ! conditions is tak5 into consid]ation x w be f\nd t su* a conclusion is n ju/ifi$4 ,9 ! /reet railway sy/ems ! c>s run cont9u\sly ov] ! same r\te1 & on t acc\nt ! electric curr5t requir$ to op]ate ! motors c be convey$ to !m f a c5tral p[] /ation by means ( wires4 ,) ! automobile ! case is v diff]5t2 ! vehicle has no fix$ c\rse1 b is requir$ to g ev]y:]e1 & ! curr5t mu/ be suppli$ f a s\rce c>ri$ by x4 ,if prim>y batt]ies c\ld be made s z to furni% electric curr5ts at a l[ co/1 !n ! electric c>riage w\ld be 9 ! same position z ^? op]at$ by /eam or gasol9e1 & x c\ld g :]ev] ! prop] *emicals to r5ew ! batt]y c\ld be obta9$4 ,b z !re are no su* prim>y batt]ies1 ! only way 9 :i* ! curr5t c be suppli$ is by ! use ( /orage batt]ies1 & ^! _c give out any m en]gy ?an is put into !m1 & 9 practice _c give q z mu*4 ,?us if ! capacity ( ! batt]y is suffici5t to run ! vehicle =ty miles :5 ?is di/ance has be5 trav]s$ ! propell+ p[] w be exhau/$1 & ! batt]ies w h to be re*>g$ be=e ! c>riage c g any fur!r4 ,if ! re*>g+ c\ld be done 9 a few m9utes1 ! /orage batt]y w\ld be z good z a prim>y batt]y t w\ld g5]ate electricity economically2 b z x requires ?ree or m h\rs1 ! electrical vehicle _c be us$ = long runs1 unless ! us] is will+ to make long /ops ea* "t ! batt]y has to be re*>g$4 ,ev5 !n an electric vehicle c\ld n g ev]y:]e1 = x w\ld be compell$ to foll[ r\tes along :i* facilities = re*>g+ ! batt]ies c\ld be f\nd4 ,f ?is fact x c be se5 t ! electric automobile c>riage _c cov] ! same field z ! /eam or ! gasol9e 79 ! pres5t /ate ( electrical developm5t74 ,)9 ! limits to :i* x is applicable1 h[ev]1 x c p]=m its "w 9 ! mo/ satisfactory mann]1 &1 9 fact1 no possible objection c be rais$ aga9/ x4 ,its op]ation is noiseless & vibration ( ! vehicle is impossible4 ,!re is no heat to inconv5i5ce ! pass5g]s1 no disagreeable smell1 no escap+ /eam4 ,any desir$ spe$ c be obta9$1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 a heavy deliv]y wagon _c be us$ also z a rac]4 ,! p[] c be made suffici5t to propel any desir$ load up any grade1 includ+ grades f> /eep] ?an any to be enc\nt]$ on /reets or highways4 ,! only po9t 9 :i* ! electric vehicle suff]s 9 comp>ison ) ! o!rs is 9 ! weight4 ,! capacity ( a /orage batt]y is proportional to its weight1 & if x is made light1 ! p[] d]iv$ f x w be small or ! "t dur+ :i* x is furni%$ w be %ort4 ,to furni% "o horse p[] = "o h\r requires ab\t "o hundr$ p\nds ( batt]y1 s t if ! av]age consumption ( en]gy is at ! rate ( two horse p[]1 "o ?\s& p\nds ( batt]y w keep ! vehicle 9 motion = five h\rs4 ,! weight ( batt]ies us$ 9 automobiles ranges f f\r or five hundr$ to ab\t two ?\s& p\nds1 & ! di/ance trav]s$ )\t re*>g+ v>ies f tw5ty-five to n9ety miles1 s t ! radius ( action ( electric vehicles c be said to v>y f ab\t twelve to =ty-five miles f ! *>g+ /ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,g5]al ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,an ,,electric ,,c>riage4 ,! g5]al arrangem5t ( an electric c>riage c be und]/ood f ,fig4 #a4 ,! rectangle %[n 9 brok5 l9es at ,a repres5ts ! /orage batt]y4 ,! circle ,b "u ! seat repres5ts ! controll+ swit*4 ,! motor is at ,c & imp>ts motion to ! axle or :eels ?r\gh ! ge>+ conta9$ 9 ! cas+ ,d4 ,:5 ! c>riage is /opp$ ! controll] ,b is turn$ into su* a position t all electrical connections betwe5 ! batt]y & ! motor ,c are brok54 ,to />t ! vehicle ! controll] ,b is turn$ s z to make ! necess>y electrical connections betwe5 ! batt]y ,a & ! motor ,c1 & !n ! electric curr5t passes f ! batt]y ?r\gh ! controll+ swit* to ! motor1 & !nce back to ! controll] & ! batt]y4 ,! heavy brok5 l9es indicate ! pa? ( ! curr5t & ! arr[s %[ ! direction4 ,! velocity ( ! motor & ! spe$ ( ! c>riage are v>i$ by v>y+ ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t1 & ?is is effect$ by ! movem5t ( ! controll+ swit* ,b4 ,!re are _m ways 9 :i* ! movem5t ( ?is swit* c v>y ! /r5g? ( ! curr5t1 b an explanation ( any "o ( !m w\ld be dry & r te*nical2 h5ce x is suffici5t to say t :atev] ! arrangem5t ( ! connections ( ! controll] ) ! o!r p>ts ( ! sy/em1 _! relation is su* t by ! movem5t ( ! swit* h&le ! spe$ ( ! motor is *ang$ f z]o to ! maximum velocity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,d\ble ,,r$uction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,s+le ,,r$uction4 ,9 ! majority ( ,am]ican vehicles ! motion ( ! motor is transmitt$ to ! :eels by means ( spur ge>+4 ,9 "s cases a s+le motor is us$1 9 o!rs two2 & 9 "o or two designs t h come to public notice1 f\r motors are employ$1 "o = ea* :eel ( ! c>riage4 ,fig4 #b illu/rates :at is commonly call$ a d\ble r$uction ge> = s+le motor equipm5t4 ,! outl9e ,a repres5ts ! motor1 ,b be+ ! %aft4 ,^u ?is %aft is m\nt$ a small p9ion :i* me%es into a l>g] :eel on ! int]m$iate %aft ,c4 ,?is %aft c>ries a p9ion :i* me%es into ! :eel ,d m\nt$ ^u ! axle ( ! vehicle4 ,fig4 #c illu/rates a s+le r$uction d\ble motor equipm5t1 ! motors be+ locat$ at ,,aa4 ,9 ?is arrangem5t ! p9ion on ! end ( ! motor %aft me%es directly into a l>ge ge> secur$ to ! c>riage :eel1 ?us disp5s+ ) ! int]m$iate %aft ,c ( ! previ\s figure4 ,! s+le r$uction ge> is ! m simple 9 con/ruction1 b ! motors run at a l[] velocity1 & on t acc\nt mu/ be l>g] = ! same capacity4 ,) ! d\ble motor con/ruction ea* :eel is driv5 indep5d5tly & ! axle ,c1 9 ,fig4 #c1 rema9s /ation>y1 z 9 any ord9>y vehicle2 b 9 a s+le motor equipm5t1 arrang$ z 9 ,fig4 #b1 ! :eels are fa/5$ to ! axle & ! latt] rotates4 ,:5 a c>riage runs r\nd a %ort curve ! out] :eels w revolve fa/] ?an ! inn] ones1 if free to move indep5d5tly1 z 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,if !y are rigidly atta*$ to ! axle1 z 9 ,fig4 #b1 "o or ! o!r w h to slide ov] ! gr\nd1 & ?is is decid$ly objectionable ) rubb] tires4 ,to prev5t ?is slipp+ ( ! :eels 9 r\nd+ curves1 ! axles1 9 designs foll[+ ! con/ruction ( ,fig4 #b1 are made 9 two p>ts1 & ! ge> ,d is arrang$ s z to drive ! two halves1 imp>t+ to ea* "o ! prop] velocity4 ,ge> :eels ( ?is k9d are call$ comp5sat+ ge>s2 !y are made 9 _m designs1 b ! mo/ common =m is t illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,9 ?is draw+ ,a is ! ge> ,d ( ,fig4 #b1 & ,,bb are bevel ge>s :i* are m\nt$ ^u /uds ,c1 :i* are virtually ! spokes ( :eel ,,aa4 ,l>ge bevel ge>s ,e & ,f are plac$ on ei!r side ( ,a ,e1 be+ secur$ to ,g1 :i* is "o-half ( ! axle1 & ,f & ,h1 :i* is ! o!r half4 ,if ! c>riage is runn+ 9 a /raight l9e1 ! two p>ts ( ! axle ,g & ,h w revolve at ! same velocity & ! ge>s ,,bb w n revolve ar\nd ! /uds ,c1 b 9 r\nd+ a curve "o ( ! halves ( ! axle w revolve fa/] ?an ! o!r & !n ! ge>s ,b w rotate r\nd ! /uds ,c4 ,! comp5sat+ ge> is n a feature peculi> to electric vehicles2 x is us$ on all k9ds ( automobiles :5 ! con/ruction is su* z to require x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,comp5sat+ ,,ge>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,s+le ,,motor ,,equipm5ts4 ,if a comp5sat+ ge> is plac$ ^u ! axle ! latt]1 in/ead ( support+ its end ( ! vehicle1 w itself h to be support$1 = z x is cut 9 two at ! c5t]1 x has no support+ /r5g?4 ,by plac+ ! comp5sat+ ge> on ano!r %aft ?is difficulty c be ov]come4 ,fig4 #e %[s ! con/ruction us$ by ! ,columbia ,company 9 its s+le motor equipm5t4 ,9 ?is arrangem5t ! motor cas+ is made ( suffici5t l5g? to rea* f "o side ( ! vehicle to ! o!r4 ,! armature & field magnets ( ! motor1 :i* are ! p>ts t develop ! p[]1 are locat$ at ,a & ! comp5sat+ ge> is plac$ at ,b4 ,! motor armature is m\nt$ ^u a holl[ %aft1 :i* is connect$ ) ! comp5sat+ ge>4 ,! %afts ,d & ,c1 ^u :i* are m\nt$ ! p9ions ,e & ,f1 are turn$ by ! side :eels ( ! comp5sat+ ge>1 & !re=e w run at su* velocities z ! motion ( ! c>riage :eels may require4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,a ,,columbia ,,victoria4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,columbia ,,vehicle ,,) ,,d\ble ,,motor ,,equipm5t4 ,fig4 #f %[s a ,columbia ,victoria provid$ ) a s+le motor equipm5t arrang$ 9 accordance ) ! diagram1 ,fig4 #e4 ,fig4 #g %[s ano!r ,columbia vehicle 9 :i* a d\ble motor equipm5t is employ$4 ,! position ( ! motor1 ) ref]5ce to ! c>riage :eel1 9 ! s+le motor design1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,! ge> atta*$ to ! c>riage :eel is us$ also z a brake :eel1 a friction b& be+ locat$ s z to be> aga9/ ! p]iph]y1 :ile ! p9ion on ! end ( ! motor %aft me%es into tee? on ! inn] side ( ! rim4 ,?is s+le motor design is also us$ 9 ! omnibus made by ! ,columbia ,company1 a numb] ( :i* are n[ 9 regul> s]vice on ,fif? av5ue1 ,new ,york4 ,^! omnibuses1 :i* are illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #i1 seat eight pass5g]s1 & are able to c>ry z _m z are will+ to cr[d into !m4 ,"o feature ( ! electric motor :i* fits x admirably = automobile s]vice is ! fact t = a %ort "t x c put =? an ef=t f> great] ?an its normal capacity1 & x c d ?is at all times1 )\t any special prep>ation4 ,ow+ to ?is feature x is practically impossible to /all ! vehicle4 ,if ! :eels run into a rut or s9k into a mud hole1 ! motor w be able to turn !m ar\nd1 & if !y d n slip ! c>riage w be mov$ ahead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,,position ,,( ,,motor ,,9 ,,! ,,s+le ,,motor ,,design4 ,! managem5t ( ! vehicle is exce$+ly simple & entirely free f c>e1 ! driv] hav+ no?+ to tax 8 m9d b ! /e]+ lev] & ! h&le ( ! controll+ swit*4 ,z ! mov+ p>ts all h a rotatory motion & are p]fectly balanc$1 !re is no possibility ( vibration1 & !re is an entire abs5ce ( heat or disagreeable odors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,a ,,columbia ,,omnibus4 ,any "o :o has obs]v$ ! action ( a two-horse team w h notic$ t1 unless ! pavem5t is v smoo?1 ! tongue cont9ually sw+s f side to side1 & occasionally ) a consid]able am\nt ( viol5ce4 ,x w be evid5t f ?is fact t if ! front axle ( an automobile 7 ! same z t ( a horse vehicle1 ! driv] w\ld h an unpleasant task1 to say ! lea/1 9 hold+ ! /e]+ lev] 9 position1 & %\ld "o ( ! :eels drop into a rut1 ! h&le w\ld be j]k$ viol5tly out ( 8 h& & ! vehicle w\ld %e] (f to "o side1 possibly ) s]i\s results4 ,to avoid ?is difficulty ! front :eels ( horseless c>riages are arrang$ s z to sw+ r\nd on a c5t] close to ! hub1 if n actually )9 x4 ,! mo/ common con/ruction is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #aj1 ! fir/ be+ a view ( ! axle & :eels z se5 f ! front1 & ! second a view f above4 ,on ! left-h& side ( ,fig4 #aj1 ,a is ! axle prop]1 & ,,bb are ! portions ^u :i* ! :eels are plac$4 ,! c5tral "p ,a is held rigidly to ! body ( ! vehicle or to ! truck :i* c>ries x1 & ! ends ,,bb are swung r\nd ! /uds ,,pp 9 a mann] m cle>ly indicat$ on ! "r-h& side4 ,"h ! lev]s ,,cc are %[n1 & ^! ext5d f ! side ( ,,bb4 ,! "r-angle lev] ,e is connect$ ) ! /e]+ lev] ,g by means ( rod ,f1 h5ce1 :5 ,g is mov$1 rod ,d moves1 & ?us lev]s ,,cc are rotat$ r\nd ! /uds ,,pp1 & 9 t way ! support+ /uds ,,bb :i* c>ry ! :eels are turn$4 ,z ! /uds ,,pp are n exactly 9 l9e ) ! plane pass+ ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! rim ( ! :eel1 !re is a slight t5d5cy to j]k ! /e]+ h&le r\nd :5 a :eel drops into a hole 9 ! pavem5t1 b ! lev]age ( ,b be+ v %ort1 ?is t5d5cy is s small z to be h>dly noticeable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,axles ,,& ,,:eels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,,front ,,axle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,,front ,,axle ,,:eels4 ,fig4 #aj illu/rates ! g5]al pr9ciple ^u :i* ! front axle is design$1 b ! con/ruction ( ! swivel jo9ts ,p is f> m elaborate1 z c be se5 f ,fig4 #aa1 :i* illu/rates ! actual design employ$ 9 ! vehicles j describ$4 ,look+ at ,fig4 #i1 x w be notic$ t ! front axle consi/s ( two b>s1 "o ( :i* runs 9 a /raight l9e f side to side1 :ile ! o!r is curv$ ) ! convex side upw>d4 ,9 ,fig4 #aa ,b is ! end ( ! upp] curv$ rod & ,c is ! l[] /raight "o4 ,^! two rods are secur$ into ! ca/+ ,a1 :i* holds ! "p ,d ^u :i* ! :eel is c>ri$1 ,d be+ ! "p ,b at ! left side ( ,fig4 #aj4 ,! end ,e :i* is brok5 (f 9 ! draw+ ext5ds ?r\gh ! hub ( ! :eel & is provid$ ) ball be>+s s z to run )\t friction4 ,! upp] end ,f1 ( ,d1 is arrang$ s z to be held by a ball be>+1 z %[n1 aga9/ ! end ( ,j4 ,by means ( an adju/+ screw ,i at ! l[] end1 ! p>ts are br\ght into prop] position ) ref]5ce to ea* o!r4 ,! %ad$ portion ,h is ! lev] ,c at ! "r side ( ,fig4 #aj4 ,! left-h& end ( ,fig4 #ab %[s a design = front axle :eels :i* is "o ( ! _m modifications ( ! g5]al arrangem5t j describ$4 ,9 ?is con/ruction ! :eel sw+s r\nd ! /ud ,c1 :i* is plac$ )9 ! hub1 & 9 a l9e1 or ne>ly s1 ) ! c5t] ( ! rim4 ,! rod ,a is ! axle & ,f is ! lev] ext5d+ f ! inn] "p ( ! :eel hub by means ( :i* ! /e]+ is effect$4 ,! left-h& side ( ,fig4 #ab is a view z se5 f ! front & ! "r-h& side %[s ! device z se5 f above4 ,9 ?is la/ draw+ x w be obs]v$ t z ! lev] ,f is atta*$ to ! inn] portion ( ! :eel hub1 if x is mov$ to "o side or ! o!r ( axle ,a1 by pull+ or pu%+ on rod ,g1 ! :eel w be swung r\nd4 ,! advantage ( designs ( ?is type is t !re is no /ra9 :atev] br\ght to be> ^u ! /e]+ h&le1 & ! objection is t ! :eel hub is made mu* l>g] & ! :ole con/ruction is some:at m complicat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,,con/ructions ,,%[+ ,,p[] ,,appli$ ,,to ,,front ,,:eels4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! front axle1 s z to sw+ ! :eels r\nd a c5t] close to ! hub or )9 x1 z describ$ 9 ! =ego+ p>agraphs1 is us$ on all types ( automobiles & is n a di/+ui%+ feature ( ! electric c>riage4 ,9 "s ( ! light] vehicles ! front :eels are held 9 =ks ( a design sub/antially ! same z t ( ! front :eel ( ! ord9>y bicycle1 ! tops ( ! =ks be+ connect$ ) ea* o!r by means ( a rod1 z 9 ! l[] "p ( ,fig4 #aj1 s z to obta9 simultane\s movem5t ( ! two :eels by ! movem5t ( a s+le /e]+ h&le4 ,9 ! majority ( electric vehicles ! p[] is appli$ to ! re> axle1 b "s are made ) ! motors ge>$ to ! front axle4 ,9 a few ( ^! designs ! :eels & axle are made ! same z 9 an ord9>y c>riage1 s z to sw+ r\nd a pivot or k+ bolt locat$ at ! c5t] ( ! axle & re9=c$ by a fif? :eel4 ,:5 ?is con/ruction is us$ ! /e]+ ge> is made s z to hold ! axle 9 position m firmly ?an 9 ! o!r designs2 b ev5 ) ?is assi/ance ! driv] has a h>d] task ?an ) ! indep5d5tly sw++ :eels4 ,! advantage d]iv$ f sw++ ! :ole axle is t ! c>riage c be turn$ r\nd 9 a v small space1 & on t acc\nt ! con/ruction is well adapt$ to cabs4 ,sev]al arrangem5ts h be5 devis$ by means ( :i* ! p[] c be appli$ to ! front :eels1 :ile ^! may at ! same "t sw+ r\nd indep5d5t c5t]s4 ,"o ( ^! con/ructions is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ac1 ! fir/ draw+ pres5t+ ! appe>ance :5 se5 f above1 ! second be+ a view f ! front4 ,9 ! fir/ diagram ! motor is %[n at ,a1 & by means ( p9ion ,b & ge> ,c1 motion is transmitt$ to ! axle1 :i* is %[n m cle>ly 9 ! "r-h& figure4 ,on ! ends ( ! axle are bevel ge>s ,,ff1 & ^! me% into o!r bevel ge>s :i* revolve r\nd ! v]tical /uds ,d4 ,?r\gh ?is tra9 ( ge>+ ! bevel :eels ,e are driv51 & ^! are atta*$ to ! hubs ( ! c>riage :eels4 ,f ! fir/ diagram ( ,fig4 #ac x c be se5 at once t ! ge>s ,,ee c sw+ r\nd ,d 9 ei!r direction )\t 9 any way int]f]+ ) ! transmission ( motion f ge>s ,,ff4 ,! lev]s ,,hh are secur$ to ! sleeves ,,gg :i* sw+ r\nd ! /uds ,,dd1 h5ce1 by connect+ ^! ) ! rod ,j & mov+ ! latt] to "o side or ! o!r by means ( ! /e]+ h&le1 ! :eels are turn$ 9 any direction desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,,krieg] ,,c\p4 ,:ile ?is con/ruction r5d]s ! c>riage z easy to /e] z ^? 9 :i* ! motors are connect$ ) ! re> axle1 x sacrifices ! advantage d]iv$ f apply+ ! p[] to ! front :eels1 namely1 ! ability to turn r\nd 9 a small space4 ,ano!r design = driv+ ! front :eels :i* all[s !m to sw+ r\nd indep5d5t pivots1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad1 :i* is a c\p made by ,krieg] 9 ,france4 ,! p[] is suppli$ by two motors1 "o be+ m\nt$ on ea* swivel po9t4 ,! con/ruction c be und]/ood by consid]+ t 9 ! l[] "p ( ,fig4 #ac ! motor w\ld be secur$ to a suitable support at ! end ( ! frame ,l1 be+ held 9 su* a position t ! %aft w\ld replace pivot ,d & a p9ion m\nt$ !reon w\ld ge> into :eel ,e4 ,:at ! advantage ( ?is con/ruction may be1 ! writ] is n able to po9t out2 x c]ta9ly %[s1 h[ev]1 t !re are _m ways 9 :i* ! object s\ght may be accompli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,,j5atzy ,,dog-,,phaeton4 ,am]ican manufactur]s ( electric vehicles1 at lea/ ! great majority ( !m1 resort to spur-ge>+ to transmit ! motion ( ! motor to ! driv+ :eels1 b ) ! ,fr5* design]s ! *a9 & sprocket appe>s to be 9 great favor4 ,fig4 #ae %[s a ,j5atzy vehicle 7,fr5*71 9 :i* ! *a9 is us$4 ,?is con/ruction w\ld n be receiv$ ) favor by ,am]icans1 :o z a rule desire to h ! me*anical "p ( ! app>atus hidd5 f view z mu* z possible4 ,9 ! ,j5atzy vehicle two *a9 ge>s are us$1 "o on ea* side ( ! body1 & f ! eng9e]+ po9t ( view ?is is ! mo/ desirable arrangem5t1 z ) x ! driv+ :eels are indep5d5tly op]at$ & a comp5sat+ ge> ne$ n be plac$ ^u ! axle4 ,! ,am]ican design]1 h[ev]1 w\ld 9 mo/ cases be controll$ m by ! arti/ic appe>ance & w\ld use a s+le *a9 :i* w\ld be plac$ "u ! body ( ! c>riage1 & ?us z mu* out ( sight z possible4 ,fig4 #af %[s an ,engli% design ( electric dog c>t4 ,! me*anism consi/s ( a s+le motor :i* is connect$ ) ! axle by means ( spur ge>+1 ?is be+ s arrang$ t sev]al diff]5t spe$s c be obta9$ = ! vehicle ) ! same velocity = ! motor4 ,to obta9 v>iable spe$s by means ( ge>+ x is necess>y to introduce a consid]able am\nt ( complication1 & 9 ?is c\ntry ! op9ion ( mo/ design]s appe>s to be t ! ga9 effect$ !reby is n suffici5t to comp5sate = ! increas$ complication1 & diff]5tial spe$ ge>+ is n (t5 us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,,! ,,electric ,,motive ,,p[] ,,company',s ,,dog ,,c>t4 ,a comp>ison ( ,figs4 #ad & #af ) #f & #i w cle>ly %[ t 9 s f> z arti/ic effect is conc]n$1 our manufactur]s ( electric vehicles h little to le>n f ,europeans1 al?\gh ! indu/ry "h is mu* y\ng] ?an abroad4 ,z to ! op]ative m]its1 all t c be said is t ! ,am]ican c>riages run s well & possess su* endurance t x is probable t !y are n second to any 9 ^! respects4 ,,! ,,human ,,body ,,z ,,an ,,eng9e4 ,,by ,,pr(essor ,e4 ,b4 ,,rosa4 ,!re is no m int]e/+ subject = sci5tific inve/igation ?an ! /ructure & op]ation1 ! anatomy & physiology ( ! human body4 ,t x is an amaz+ly complex & delicate me*anism1 p]=m+ a multitude ( functions 9 a wond]fully p]fect mann]1 is1 ( c\rse1 an old /ory4 ,t 9 ! assimilation ( its n\ri%m5t & 9 ! gr[? & repair ( its tissue ! body obeys ! laws ( *emi/ry has long be5 und]/ood4 ,b t ! body obeys 9 ev]y?+ ! fundam5tal law ( physics1 namely1 ! law ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy1 has n be5 s g5]ally recogniz$4 ,= "s ye>s ! writ] 0 engag$ 9 "s inve/igations ^u ?is subject4,b ,! developm5t ( ! complex app>atus & unique me?ods ( ! rese>* requir$ ye>s ( pati5t labor & /udy4 ,"o ( ! features ( ! app>atus 0 an air-tight *amb]1 9 :i* a man1 z ! subject ( ! exp]im5t1 c\ld be conf9$ = any desir$ p]iod1 eat+1 sleep+1 work+ & liv+ :ile "u m9ute obs]vation4 ,! exp]im5ts usually cont9u$ f\r or five days1 b 7 sometimes prolong$ to eight or t5 days1 & ! obs]vations 7 made & record$ day & night cont9u\sly = ! entire p]iod4 ,b ,! "w 0 done at ,wesleyan ,univ]sity1 9 collaboration ) ,pr(4 ,w4 ,o4 ,atwat]1 "u ! patronage ( ! ,univ]sity & ! ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,! atmosph]e )9 ! *amb] 0 ma9ta9$ suffici5tly pure to make a prolong$ soj\rn )9 its walls entirely com=table4 ,a curr5t ( fre% air1 displac+ z x ent]$ an equal quantity ( air :i* conta9$ ! products ( respiration1 0 ma9ta9$ cont9u\sly4 ,! respir$ air 0 analyz$ & measur$1 & ! products ( respiration f lungs & sk9 accurately det]m9$4 ,! v5tilat+ air curr5t 0 ma9ta9$ by a pair ( measur+ air pumps1 driv5 by an electric motor4 ,! air 0 dri$1 bo? be=e ent]+ & aft] leav+ ! *amb] by freez+ out its moi/ure4 ,?is 0 done by pass+ x ?r\gh a refrig]ator :]e its temp]ature 0 r$uc$ f> bel[ ! freez+ po9t4 ,! refrig]ator 0 op]at$ by an ammonia ma*9e1 driv5 by an electric motor4 ,! quantity ( air 0 automatically record$ by ! pumps4 ,! *amb] 0 s con/ruct$ & fitt$ ) electrical & o!r devices z to af=d ! means ( measur+ ! quantity ( heat :i* ! subject ( ! exp]im5t gave (f f 8 body4 ,& 9 ord] to keep ! temp]ature ( ! room con/ant ?is heat 0 absorb$ & c>ri$ away by a /ream ( cold wat]1 ! latt] fl[+ ?r\gh a s]ies ( copp] pipes )9 ! *amb]1 & com+ out consid]ably w>m] ?an x ent]$4 ,s delicate 7 ! regulat+ devices t ! temp]ature c\ld be ma9ta9$ con/ant1 h\r aft] h\r1 to )9 "o or two hundr$?s ( a degree4 ,9 "s cases ! man "u inve/igation work$ regul>ly eight h\rs a day1 ! "w done be+ measur$ by app>atus design$ = ! purpose4 ,food & dr9k 7 pass$ into ! *amb] ?ree times a day ?r\gh an air-tight trap4 ,bo? 7 accurately weigh$1 _! temp]ature record$ & samples res]v$ = *emical analysis4 ,solid & liquid excreta 7 likewise weigh$ & analyz$4 ,! obs]vations1 analyses & computations ( a s+le exp]im5t ?us involv$ a va/ am\nt ( labor & exp5se1 :i* 0 only ju/ifi$ by ! importance ( ! "q "u inve/igation4 ,9 ord] to be able to und]/& j :at ?is "q is1 let u see :at is meant by ! cons]vation ( matt] & en]gy 9 ! physical _w4 ,! impossibility ( creat+ or de/roy+ matt] is v g5]ally recogniz$4 ,its =ms or prop]ties may be alt]$1 *emical & physical *anges may be effect$1 x may1 inde$1 vani% f sight1 b its quantity rema9s un*ang$4 ,?us ice may turn to wat] & wat] to invisible /eam1 b ! total quantity or mass ( ! sub/ance rema9s con/ant2 & if by refrig]ation ! /eam be br\ght to ! condition ( ice aga91 !re w be precisely ! same am\nt z be=e4 ,^! are physical *anges & are easily effect$4 ,we simply apply heat to melt ! ice & !n m heat to vaporize ! wat]4 ,conv]sely1 )draw+ heat w cond5se ! vapor to wat]1 :5 a fur!r subtraction ( heat w *ange ! wat] into ice4 ,aga91 wood disappe>s :5 burn$ & seems to be de/roy$4 ,& yet we "k t ! weight ( ! result+ smoke & a%es is exactly equal to t ( ! wood4 ,! matt] has be5 *ang$ 9 =m & composition1 b its mass _c be alt]$4 ,x is n s easy to br+ ! smoke & a%es into comb9ation aga9 & s re/ore ! matt] to its orig9al =m z 9 ! case ( ice & /eam4 ,b ?is is done by nature4 ,a%es g to ! soil1 smoke into ! atmosph]e4 ,! =ces ( nature br+ ^! elem5ts toge!r aga9 9 plant & tree1 & s x comes ab\t t ! mat]ials result+ f ! burn+ ( wood aga9 become wood1 & ov] & ov] aga9 ! cycle is repeat$ z "t rolls on4 ,_m o!r examples might be cit$ to %[ :at is meant by ! inde/ructibility ( matt]1 or ! cons]vation ( matt]2 b ^! w suffice to %[ t ! "o ess5tial fact is t ! matt] or /uff ( a body _c be de/roy$4 ,al?\gh matt] is protean & its trans=mations limitless1 !re are c]ta9 *anges :i* _c be made4 ,iron _c be turn$ into silv]1 nor silv] into gold1 nor oxyg5 into nitrog54 ,!re appe> to be inde$ ab\t sev5ty or eighty di/9ct k9ds ( matt]1 & s f> z we "k "o _c be conv]t$ into ano!r4 ,!y may be unit$ 9 c\ntless comb9ations1 b ea* is itself n only inde/ructible b un*angeable4 ,:y ?is is s is an int]e/+ subject ( speculation4 ,we d n positively "k4 ,t en]gy is also some?+ :i* _c be creat$ or de/roy$ is n s g5]ally recogniz$4 ,trans=mations ( en]gy f "o =m to ano!r are con/antly occurr+ be=e our v eyes2 & yet we seldom /op to ?9k :at ! cons]vation ( en]gy means 9 any giv5 case4 ,en]gy itself is (t5 def9$ z t :i* has ! capacity = do+ "w1 & "w is done :5 =ce or resi/ance is ov]come4 ,a hod c>ri] does "w :51 ov]com+ ! =ce ( gravity ^u 8 body & 8 hod ( brick1 he climbs to ! top ( a ladd]2 & ! "w done is a measure ( ! en]gy exp5d$4 ,en]gy /or$ up 9 8 body has be5 transf]r$ to ! brick 9 _! elevat$ position1 & if !y are all[$ to fall to ! gr\nd _! en]gy is turn$ into heat1 develop$ by _! impact ^u ! gr\nd4 ,aga91 "w is done by a w9dmill 9 pump+ wat] up into an elevat$ res]voir1 & ! s-call$ #8pot5tial' en]gy :i* ! wat] possesses 9 its elevat$ position has all be5 transf]r$ to ! wat] f ! w9d :i* drove ! mill4 ,if ! wat] be all[$ to fl[ d[n to ! gr\nd aga9 ?r\gh a wat] motor ! latt] c\ld drive ma*9]y & s d "w2 & ! "w x c\ld d plus ! heat produc$ by friction w\ld exactly equal ! "w done 9 pump+ ! wat] up to its elevat$ position4 ,?us is ! en]gy cons]v$1 & n de/roy$4 ,m or less ( x is dissipat$ by friction1 & lo/1 s f> z useful effect may g4 ,b x all rema9s 9 exi/5ce1 some:]e4 ,aga91 coal is burn$ "u ! boil] ( a /eam eng9e4 ,heat is produc$1 /eam is g5]at$1 ! eng9e does "w4 ,! coal possess$ a /ore ( en]gy1 pot5tially4 ,t is1 ! coal _h ! capacity ( unit+ ) ! oxyg5 ( ! air & sett+ free a /ore ( en]gy4 ,?is en]gy1 pot5tial or lat5t 9 ! coal1 becomes k9etic & evid5t 9 ! heat ( ! boil] & ! "w ( ! eng9e4 ,moreov]1 ! "w done by ! eng9e add$ to ! heat giv5 (f by ! boil] & eng9e is exactly equal to ! total /ore ( en]gy possess$ by ! coal4 ,& if f a /ore ( en]gy1 ei!r 9 ! body ( a man or horse1 or 9 a pile ( wood or coal1 a c]ta9 portion is exp5d$ 9 do+ "w1 ! am\nt rema9+ is exactly ! diff]5ce betwe5 t exp5d$ & ! orig9al am\nt4 ,9 %ort1 en]gy c be measur$1 /or$ up & exp5d$1 j z truly z m]*&ise or money4 ,?us ! cons]vation ( en]gy means t en]gy _c be creat$ or de/roy$2 b x may be transf]r$ f "o body to ano!r or trans=m$ f "o =m to ano!r4 ,heat may be conv]t$ into "w & "w into heat4 ,! *emical en]gy ( a z9c rod may be exp5d$ to g5]ate an electric curr5t1 & ! latt] pass+ ?r\gh a coil ( wire or ! filam5t ( a lamp gives up its en]gy to produce heat & light4 ,! la/ =m ( ?is en]gy is equal 9 quantity to ! fir/4 ,niag>a repres5ts a va/ /ore ( en]gy4 ,millions ( tons ( wat] fall+ #afj feet c\ld d a va/ am\nt ( me*anical "w if prop]ly appli$ ?r\gh wat] :eels4 ,m ?an #ej1jjj horse p[] ( useful "w is actually d]iv$ f ,niag>a's wat]s1 b ?is is only a small fraction ( ! total4 ,! en]gy is1 h[ev]1 giv5 up 9 fall+1 ev5 ?\gh no useful "w is done4 ,9 fact1 ! wat] is slightly heat$ by ! impact1 & ! am\nt ( heat produc$ is exactly equival5t to ! me*anical en]gy lo/ by ! wat]4 ,a cannon ball receives a l>ge am\nt ( k9etic en]gy f ! explod$ p[d] z x leaves ! muzzle ( a great gun4 ,if x be sudd5ly /opp$ by a rigid t>get its me*anical or mass en]gy is at once conv]t$ into heat2 t is1 into ! vibratory motion ( ! molecules4 ,ball & t>get are highly heat$4 ,inde$1 lead bullets are (t5 melt$ by ! heat ( impact4 ,meteors fly+ ?r\gh space come into our atmosph]e & _! spe$ is *eck$ by its resi/ance4 ,"p or all ( _! k9etic en]gy is ?us conv]t$ into heat4 ,bo? air & meteor are heat$2 heat$ to s high a temp]ature t ! meteor becomes brilliantly lum9\s1 & we call x a %oot+ />4 ,! idea ( heat due to frictional resi/ance is common en\gh4 ,! exact equival5ce betwe5 ! me*anical en]gy lo/ & ! heat produc$ is ! ?+ to be especially notic$ "h4 ,let u n[ take z a f9al example a locomotive eng9e4 ,x takes on a /ore ( fuel & wat] &1 direct$ by its eng9e]1 sets out = a day's duty4 ,! coal to be burn$ possesses a def9ite am\nt ( en]gy4 ,let u say e p\nd has "o unit ( en]gy1 & suppose #e1jjj p\nds ( coal are tak54 ,:at becomes ( ^! #e1jjj units ( en]gy1 appe>+ z heat :5 ! coal is burn$8 #a4 ,a l>ge am\nt ( heat is requir$ to keep ! boil] & eng9e hot1 due to ! loss ( heat to ! atmosph]e4 ,! eng9e cyl9d]s1 z well z fire box & boil]1 mu/ be kept v hot2 o!r p>ts ( ! eng9e become m or less heat$4 ,all p>ts !re=e cont9ually give (f heat1 & a l>ge "p ( ! heat produc$ by ! burn+ coal is ?us exp5d$4 #b4 ,a second portion is exp5d$ 9 do+ "w4 ,if our locomotive hauls a #ejj-ton tra9 up a "o-p] c5t4 grade = #ajj miles x w\ld be do+ #b1fdj1jjj foot-tons ( "w 9 addition to t requir$ to ov]come ! friction ( ! rails & ! resi/ance ( ! atmosph]e4 ,?is w\ld require ne>ly #ejj units ( en]gy :i* w\ld come f ! heat ( ! coal4 ,! "w is done ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( /eam1 b ! en]gy ( ! /eam comes f ! burn+ coal4 ,a small am\nt ( "w is also done 9 pump+ wat] f ! tank on ! t5d] into ! boil] & 9 pump+ air into ! res]voir = ! use ( ! air brakes4 ,?is may be call$ ! int]nal "w ( ! eng9e4 ,a second portion ( ! heat is !re=e exp5d$ 9 int]nal & ext]nal "w4 #c4 ,! /eam aft] exp&+ 9 ! cyl9d]s ( ! eng9e escapes into ! atmosph]e4 ,al?\gh x has be5 cool$ some:at by expansion1 x is /ill hot1 & c>ries a l>ge am\nt ( heat away ) x4 ,moreov]1 ! smoke & hot air :i* pass out ?r\gh ! smoke/ack c>ry away a l>ge quantity ( heat4 ,hot a%es likewise c>ry away heat4 ,h5ce a ?ird portion ( heat is lo/ ?r\gh smoke & /eam & a%es4 ,& ?is is ! l>ge/ portion ( ! total quantity ( heat g5]at$ by ! burn+ coal4 ,:5 coal is burn$1 oxyg5 ( ! air unites *emically ) ! c>bon & hydrog5 ( ! coal to =m c>bonic acid1 or c>bon dioxid1 z x is te*nically call$1 & wat] vapor4 ,! incombu/ible m9]al matt] ( ! coal rema9s z a%es4 ,h5ce smoke conta9s c>bonic acid gas & wat] vapor 9 addition to f9e p>ticles ( unburn$ coal c>ri$ away 9 ! draft ( air4 ,:5 ! grade is /eep a great deal ( "w mu/ be done by ! locomotive1 mu* /eam is requir$1 & ! quantity ( fuel burn$ is l>ge 9 proportion4 ,:5 ! road is level fuel burns less rapidly1 & :5 ! tra9 /ops1 /ill m sl[ly4 ,at night ! locomotive re/s1 fires are bank$ & combu/ion is v sl[4 ,?is process s briefly & incompletely sket*$1 is m int]e/+ z "o exam9es x clos]1 & a locomotive seems almo/ liv+ :5 "o consid]s m9utely its wond]ful p]=mance4 ,b int]e/+ & in/ructive ?\gh ! op]ation ( ! locomotive may be1 x is n = its own sake t ,i h m5tion$ x4 ,x is r 9 ord] to po9t out a rem>kable p>allel betwe5 its op]ation & t ( a human body4 ,a p>allel1 inde$1 betwe5 ! op]ation ( a complex inanimate eng9e ( iron & /eel1 & a /ill m complex liv+ eng9e ( fle% & bone & blood2 bo? obey+ ! law ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy1 z well z ! o!r laws ( physics & *emi/ry4 ,consid] n[ a human body z a liv+ eng9e4 ,t man is m ?an matt] is1 ( c\rse1 conc$$4 ,b we "h reg>d only ! animal body1 guid$ by ! bra9 z its eng9e]4 ,! day beg9s1 z ) ! locomotive1 by tak+ a /ore ( fuel & wat]1 namely1 food & dr9k4 ,food is n1 h[ev]1 burn$ 9 ! body 9 a conf9$ receptacle1 l coal 9 ! fire box ( an eng9e1 b is dige/$1 assimilat$ & di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! body by means ( ! circulat+ blood4 ,& :ile "s ( x goes to repair bodily wa/e1 becom+ tissue1 o!r portions are oxidiz$ or burn$ to produce heat4 ,non-dige/ible p>ts ( ! food pass away f ! body z refuse1 l a%es f ! fire box ( ! eng9e4 ,t ! body fat & muscul> tissue are also burn$1 produc+ heat1 is lit]ally true4 ,a hib]nat+ animal keeps 8 body w>m all w9t] by burn+ up 8 autumnal /ore ( body fat4 ,ev5 a well-f$ body is con/antly we>+ away1 or burn+ away1 & h5ce requires con/ant repair4 ,?us we see two di/9ct functions = food1 :i* %\ld be c>efully di/+ui%$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z already indicat$1 food repairs wa/e & builds up ! body4 ,x makes blood1 bone & muscul> tissue4 ,h]e9 we see a dep>ture f ! p>allel ) ! /eam eng9e4 ,a locomotive is a ma*9e :i* runs 9 a way det]m9$ by its build]4 ,b x _c gr[ nor repair we> & te>4 ,x requires a :ole ma*9e %op plus skilful me*anics to d t4 ,! body1 on ! o!r h&1 n only runs l a complex me*anism :5 suppli$ ) en]gy1 b also builds itself up & repairs wa/e4 ,we express ?is by say+ t x possesses vital =ce or life1 b 9 j :at vital =ce consi/s is a matt] ( speculation & controv]sy4 ,! raw mat]ial :i* is employ$ 9 ?is "w ( repair+ & build+ up is f\nd 9 ! food4 ,b n all food c be s utiliz$4 ,only ^? mat]ials :i* conta9 nitrog51 ! s-call$ proteids1 z lean meat1 ! case9 ( milk & glut5 ( :eat1 c be made use ( 9 ?is mo/ important "w ( gr[? & repair4 ,9 ! second place1 food is ! fuel ( ! body & is j z truly burn$ z is coal 9 a furnace4 ,moreov]1 ! quantity ( heat :i* a piece ( meat or a slice ( bread yields :5 burn$ 9 ! body is j ! same z if x _h be5 burn$ 9 a /ove4 ,complete combu/ion yields a def9ite am\nt ( heat :]ev] & :atev] may be ! place & mann] ( burn+4 ,any k9d ( food may s]ve z fuel = ! body1 b ^? :i* consi/ ma9ly ( sug>1 />* & fat1 :i* conta9 no nitrog5 & s _c build up ! body1 are us$ *iefly z fuel4 ,^! fuel foods =m ! bulk ( our daily ration1 comp>atively little be+ requir$ = purposes ( gr[? & repair4 ,we are he>+ a good deal rec5tly ab\t alcohol z a food4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t alcohol conta9s no nitrog5 x w be se5 t x _c s]ve ! fir/ function ( food1 namely1 ! purpose ( gr[? & repair4 ,x c1 h[ev]1 s]ve z fuel food1 = :5 tak5 into ! body 9 small quantities x is assimilat$ & burn$ up1 produc+ ! same am\nt ( heat z if burn$ 9 a lamp4 ,9 sickness ?is may be b5eficial1 at times :5 ! body _c assimilate o!r foods4 ,b ! injuri\s effects ( alcohol ^u ! dige/ive & n]v\s sy/ems are s important & f>-rea*+ t its value z a fuel food s9ks into insignificance 9 comp>ison4 ,! process ( combu/ion or burn+ 9 ! fire box ( our locomotive consi/s1 z has be5 said1 9 oxyg5 ( ! air unit+ ) ! c>bon & hydrog5 ( ! coal1 =m+ c>bonic acid & wat]1 & sett+ free a def9ite quantity ( heat = e p\nd ( fuel s burn$4 ,s1 9 exactly ! same way1 oxyg51 :i* has be5 tak5 up by ! blood f ! air 9 ! lungs1 unites ) c>bon & hydrog5 9 ! tissues ( ! body & =ms c>bonic acid & wat]1 yield+ precisely ! same am\nt ( heat z ?\gh ! combu/ion _h occurr$ 9 a furnace4 ,?is idea ( food1 t x is lit]ally fuel1 is a v sugge/ive "o4 ,& z fuels diff] 9 ! quantity ( a% conta9$ & ! am\nt ( heat produc$1 s food mat]ials diff] 9 ! quantity ( undige/ible residue & 9 _! heat-produc+ p[]4 ,rememb]+ ! analogy ( ! /eam eng9e1 let u n[ inquire :at becomes ( ! en]gy suppli$ to ! body 9 ! fuel foods eat51 & :i* is turn$ into heat by ?is process ( combu/ion con/antly go+ on4 #a4 ,a l>ge am\nt ( heat is con/antly be+ exp5d$ 9 keep+ ! body w>m4 ,l ! locomotive1 ! body is w>m] ?an ! surr\nd+ air1 & is con/antly los+ heat to ! atmosph]e4 ,unlike ! locomotive1 h[ev]1 ! body has a ne>ly uni=m temp]ature ?r\gh\t1 namely1 #ih degrees ,fahr4 ,! delicate regulation ( temp]ature :i* is automatically ma9ta9$ 9 ! animal body is "o ( ! wond]s ( physiology4 #b4 ,a second portion ( en]gy is requir$ to d ! me*anical "w ( ! body4 ,:5 a locomotive hauls a load$ tra9 up grade1 or /eams up grade alone1 x is do+ "w 9 proportion to ! total weight & ! height to :i* x is c>ri$4 ,s :5 a man walks up hill or climbs a ladd] he is lift+ 8 body aga9/ ! =ce ( gravity1 & h5ce do+ "w4 ,if 8 weight be #bjj p\nds he is do+ twice z mu* "w z ?\gh he weigh$ only #ajj p\nds4 ,if a man weigh+ #aej p\nds climbs ,bunk] ,hill ,monum5t 7#bbj feet71 #cc1jjj foot-p\nds ( "w w !n be done2 & if he succe$s 9 mak+ ! asc5t 9 "o m9ute1 he w\ld be do+ "w at ! rate ( "o full horse p[] = t m9ute4 ,if he climbs a m\nta9 two miles high 9 ?ree h\rs & twelve m9utes he w\ld be do+ "w 9 s lift+ 8 body at ! rate ( "o qu>t] ( a horse p[]4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 a fa/] rate ( "w ?an an av]age man c\ld ma9ta94 ,9 all ! functions ( daily life ! body is necess>ily do+ "s me*anical "w4 ,ev5 dress+ & eat+ require a c]ta9 exp5diture ( en]gy1 & 9 ord9>y bus9ess & manual labor ! am\nt ( me*anical "w done is consid]able4 ,moreov]1 a l>ge am\nt ( "w is done by ! he>t 9 pump+ ! blood ?r\gh ! circulatory sy/em1 & by ! *e/ 9 respiration4 ,?is1 !n1 ! int]nal & ext]nal "w done1 z 9 ! locomotive1 repres5ts ! second portion ( en]gy d]iv$ f ! food eat54 #c4 ,! w>m air1 c>bonic acid gas & wat] vapor pass+ away f ! lungs 9 respiration c>ry ) !m a l>ge am\nt ( heat4 ,?is corresponds to ! loss ( heat 9 ! locomotive ?r\gh ! smoke pass+ out ! smoke/ack1 & 9 bo? cases ! loss is great] :5 "w is be+ done & less dur+ inaction4 ,! refuse products ( ! body 7z ! a%es ( ! locomotive7 also c>ry away heat4 ,?is is ! ?ird portion ( heat & is a l>ge "o4 ,"w is done 9 ! locomotive by ! exp&+ /eam 9 ! cyl9d]s ( ! eng9e4 ,! /eam is cool$ z x exp&s4 ,h5ce heat disappe>s :5 "w is done2 t is1 is conv]t$ into me*anical en]gy1 & a /eam eng9e is h5ce call$ a heat eng9e2 an eng9e = conv]t+ heat into "w1 accord+ to ! law ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy4 ,z ! pi/ons are pu%$ to & fro by ! trem5d\s pressure ( ! exp&+ /eam1 ! reciprocat+ motion is communicat$ to ! great driv]s ( ! eng9e by /rong arms ( /eel4 ,b h[ is "w done 9 ! body8 ,t is a "q ( prime importance & ( surpass+ int]e/4 ,:5 muscle contracts & =ce is ex]t$1 z :5 ! body is lift$ or an o> is pull$1 muscul> tissue 7or mat]ial /or$ 9 muscul> tissue7 is oxidiz$2 t is1 burn$1 & heat is produc$2 yet n z mu* heat appe>s z w\ld h appe>$ on ! combu/ion ( ! same am\nt ( body mat]ial if no "w _h be5 done4 ,app>5tly1 !n1 heat has be5 conv]t$ into "w4 ,b we _c trace ! process ) ! same cle>ness z 9 ! cyl9d] ( a /eam eng9e4 ,:e!r ! pot5tial en]gy ( ! body mat]ial is directly conv]t$ into "w1 or :e!r combu/ion fir/ produces heat & a "p ( ?is heat is !n conv]t$ into "w1 we d n "k4 ,9 o!r words1 we d n "k :e!r ! animal body z a ma*9e = do+ me*anical "w is a heat eng9e or "s o!r k9d ( eng9e4 ,?is is a fundam5tal "q1 z well z a v difficult "o1 & to a /ud5t ( !rmodynamics & physiology x prompts all sorts ( speculation4 ,:5 "o tries to picture to himself h[ ! pot5tial en]gy ( food or body tissue c be directly conv]t$ into me*anical "w1 he is apt to turn to ! o!r alt]native & imag9e t 9 "s way ! body is a heat eng9e4 ,= we "k t heat results f ! oxidation ( tissue1 & we also "k h[ heat c be conv]t$ into me*anical "w4 ,b we are at once confront$ ) a difficulty4 ,"o ( ! fundam5tal laws ( !rmodynamics requires t :5 heat is conv]t$ into "w !re %all be a diff]5ce ( temp]ature betwe5 ! s\rce ( heat & ! place to :i* ! heat$ mat]ial employ$ passes aft] do+ ! "w4 ,9 o!r words1 9 a heat eng9e1 :atev] ! me*anism1 !re mu/ be a fall ( temp]ature1 :i* is great] z ! relative am\nt ( "w1 or effici5cy1 is great]4 ,9 ! human body ! effici5cy p]haps surpasses t ( ! be/ /eam eng9es2 h5ce !re %\ld be a fall ( temp]ature comp>able ) t betwe5 ! boil] & cond5s] ( a /eam eng9e4 ,?is may be #ajj degrees or m1 & we d n "k ( any su* diff]5ce ( temp]ature 9 ! body4 ,inde$1 we "k1 on ! contr>y1 t ! temp]ature ( ! body is rem>kably uni=m1 z already /at$4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 t !re are molecul> diff]5ces ( l>ge am\nt4 ,9 o!r words1 if we c\ld make an ultra-microscopic survey ( temp]ature 9 a muscle dur+ contraction1 !re might be f\nd places ( high temp]ature :]e combu/ion 0 occurr+1 & all ! requirem5ts ( a heat eng9e ( molecul> dim5sions fulfill$4 ,b ?is is a matt] ( speculation4 ,! process may yet be f\nd to be electrical1 or some?+ else q diff]5t f t ( a /eam eng9e4 ,we ?us f9d betwe5 ! animal body & a locomotive eng9e a /rik+ p>allel4 ,9 _m p>ticul>s ! *emical & physical processes go+ on 9 ! latt] are f\nd also 9 ! =m]4 ,9 bo?1 ! fundam5tal law ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy is /rictly obs]v$4 ,nev]!less1 ! animal body consid]$ simply z a ma*9e is f> m complex 9 its /ructure & op]ation ?an ! eng9e1 & f> m ( my/]y envelops its work+4 ,mu* rema9s = ! *emi/ & physici/ & physiologi/ to reveal1 & no m fasc9at+ field ( rese>* exi/s4 ,,*apt]s ,,on ,,! ,,/>s4 ,,by ,,pr(essor ,,simon ,,newcomb1 ,u4 ,s4 ,n4 ,,! ,,spectra ,,( ,,! ,,/>s4 ,! pr9ciples on :i* spectrum analysis re/s c be /at$ s concisely t ,i %all set !m =? = ! special use ( su* read]s z may n be entirely famili> ) ! subject4 ,e "o kn[s t :5 ! rays ( ! sun pass ?r\gh a triangul> prism ( glass or o!r transp>5t sub/ance !y are unequally refract$1 & ?us sep>at$ into rays ( diff]5t colors4 ,^! colors are n di/9ct1 b ea* runs into ! o!r by ins5sible gradations1 f deep r$ ?r\gh orange1 yell[1 gre5 & blue to a fa9t violet4 ,?is result is due to ! fact t ! light ( ! sun is compos$ ( rays ( an inf9ite numb] ( wave-l5g?s1 or1 z we might express x1 ( an inf9ite numb] ( %ades ( color1 s9ce to e wave-l5g? corresponds a def9ite %ade4 ,su* a spread+ out ( elem5t>y colors 9 ! =m ( a visible %eet is call$ a spectrum4 ,by ! spectrum ( an inc&esc5t object is meant ! spectrum =m$ by ! light emitt$ by ! object :5 pass$ ?r\gh a refract+ prism1 or o!rwise sep>at$ into its elem5t>y colors4 ,! int]e/ & value :i* atta* to ! /udy ( spectra arise f ! fact t diff]5t bodies give diff]5t k9ds ( spectra1 accord+ to _! con/itution1 _! temp]ature & ! sub/ances ( :i* !y are compos$4 ,9 ?is mann] x is possible1 by a /udy ( ! spectrum ( a body1 to rea* c]ta9 inf]5ces respect+ its con/itution4 ,9 ord] t su* a /udy %\ld lead to a def9ite conclusion1 we mu/ recall t to ea* special %ade ( color corresponds a def9ite position 9 ! spectrum4 ,t is to say1 !re is a special k9d ( light hav+ a c]ta9 wave-l5g? & !re=e a c]ta9 %ade :i* w be refract$ ?r\gh a c]ta9 fix$ angle1 & w !re=e fall into a def9ite position 9 ! spectrum4 ,?is position is1 = e possible k9d ( light1 express$ by a numb] indicat+ its wave-l5g?4 ,if we =m a spectrum ) ! light emitt$ by an ord9>y inc&esc5t body1 a gaslight = example1 we %all f9d ! s]ies ( colors to be unbrok5 f "o end ( ! spectrum to ! o!r4 ,t is to say1 !re w be light 9 e "p ( ! spectrum4 ,su* a spectrum is said to be cont9u\s4 ,b if we =m ! spectrum by means ( sunlight1 we %all f9d ! spectrum to be cross$ by a great numb] ( m or less d>k l9es4 ,?is %[s t 9 ! spectrum ( ! sun light ( c]ta9 def9ite wave-l5g?s is :olly or p>tly want+4 ,?is fact has be5 obs]v$ = m ?an a c5tury1 b its true significance 0 n se5 until a comp>atively rec5t "t4 ,if1 in/ead ( us+ ! light ( ! sun1 we =m a spectrum ) ! light emitt$ by an inc&esc5t gas1 say hydrog5 made lum9\s by ! electric sp>k1 we %all f9d t ! spectrum consi/s only ( a limit$ numb] ( sep>ate bright l9es1 ( v>i\s colors4 ,?is %[s t su* a gas1 in/ead ( emitt+ light ( all wave-l5g?s1 z an inc&esc5t solid body does1 pr9cipally emits light ( c]ta9 def9ite wave-l5g?s4 ,x is also f\nd t if we pass ! light ( a lum9\s solid ?r\gh a suffici5tly l>ge mass ( gas1 cool] ?an ! body1 ! spectrum1 in/ead ( be+ entirely cont9u\s1 w be cross$ ) d>k l9es l t ( ! sun4 ,?is %[s t light ( c]ta9 wave-l5g?s is absorb$ by ! gas4 ,a comp>ison ( ^! d>k l9es ) ! bright l9es emitt$ by an inc&esc5t gas l$ ,kir*h(f to ! discov]y ( ! foll[+ fundam5tal pr9ciple3 ,e gas1 :5 cold1 absorbs ! same rays ( light :i* x emits :5 inc&esc5t4 ,an imm$iate inf]5ce f ?is law is t ! d>k l9es se5 9 ! spectrum ( ! sun are caus$ by ! passage ( ! light ?r\gh gases ei!r exi/+ on ! sun or =m+ ! atmosph]e ( ! e>?4 ,a second inf]5ce is t we c det]m9e :at ^! gases are by comp>+ ! position ( ! d>k l9es ) t ( ! bright l9es produc$ by diff]5t gases :5 !y are made inc&esc5t4 ,h5ce arose ! possibility ( spectrum analysis1 a me?od :i* has be5 appli$ ) su* success to ! /udy ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,s f> z ! g5]al con/itution ( bodies is conc]n$1 ! canons ( spectrum analysis are ^!3 ,fir/ly1 :5 a spectrum is =m$ ( di/9ct bright l9es1 ! light :i* =ms x is emitt$ by a transp>5t mass ( gl[+ gas4 ,secondly1 :5 a spectrum is entirely cont9u\s ! light emanates f an inc&esc5t solid1 f a body compos$ ( solid p>ticles1 :i* may be ev] s small1 or f a mass ( inc&esc5t gas s l>ge & d5se z n to be transp>5t ?r\gh & ?r\gh4 ,?irdly1 :5 ! spectrum is cont9u\s1 except t x is cross$ by f9e d>k l9es1 ! body emitt+ ! light is surr\nd$ by a gas cool] ?an itself4 ,! *emical con/itution ( ?is gas c be det]m9$ by ! position ( ! l9es4 ,f\r?ly1 if1 z is frequ5tly ! case1 a spectrum is compos$ ( an irregul> r[ ( bright & %ad$ portions1 ! body is a comp\nd "o1 p>tly gase\s & p>tly solid4 ,x w be se5 f ! prec$+ /atem5t t1 9 reality1 a mass ( gas s l>ge z n to be transp>5t _c be di/+ui%$ f a solid4 ,x is !re=e n /rictly correct to say1 z is sometimes done1 t an inc&esc5t gas always gives a spectrum ( bright l9es4 ,x w give su* a spectrum only :5 x is transp>5t ?r\gh & ?r\gh4,c ,c ,z ?is pr9ciple is n univ]sally und]/ood1 x may be well to rem>k t x results imm$iately f ,kir*(f's law ( ! proportionality betwe5 ! radiat+ & absorb+ p[]s ( all bodies = light ( ea* sep>ate wave-l5g?4 ,:5 a body1 ev5 if gase\s 9 =m1 is ( su* great size & d5sity t light ( no color c pass entirely ?r\gh x1 !n ! consequ5t absorption by ! body ( light ( all colors %[s t ?r\gh\t ! region :]e ! absorption occurs !re mu/ be an emission ( light ( ^! same colors4 ,?us light f all p>ts ( ! spectrum w be emitt$ by ! entire mass4 ,a gase\s mass1 s l>ge z to be opaque1 w\ld1 if x 7 ( ! same temp]ature inside & out1 give a cont9u\s spectrum1 )\t any d>k l9es4 ,b ! laws ( temp]ature 9 su* a mass %[ t x w be cool] at ! surface ?an 9 ! int]ior4 ,?is cool] envelope w absorb ! rays emanat+ f ! int]ior z 9 ! case :5 ! latt] is solid4 ,we conclude1 !re=e1 t ! fact t ! great majority ( />s %[ a spectrum l t ( ! sun1 namely1 a cont9u\s "o cross$ by d>k l9es1 does n ?r[ any light on ! "q :e!r ! matt] compos+ ! body ( ! /> is 9 a solid1 liquid or gase\s /ate4 ,! fact is t ! mo/ plausible !ories ( ! con/itution ( ! sun lead to ! conclusion t its int]ior mass is really gase\s4 ,only ! photosph]e may be to a great] or less ext5t solid or liquid4 ,! d>k l9es t we see 9 ! sol> spectrum are produc$ by ! absorption ( a comp>atively ?9 & cool lay] ( gas re/+ ^u ! photosph]e4 ,analogy z well z ! g5]al simil>ity ( ! spectra lead u to believe t ! con/itution ( mo/ ( ! />s is simil> to t ( ! sun4 ,,classification ,,( ,,/ell> ,,spectra4 ,:5 ! spectra ( ?\s&s ( />s 7 record$ = /udy1 su* a v>iety 0 f\nd t "s sy/em ( classification 0 necess>y4 ,! comm5cem5t ( su* a sy/em 0 made by ,sec*i 9 #ahfc4 ,x 0 bas$ on ! obs]v$ relation betwe5 ! color ( a /> & ! g5]al "* ( its spectrum4 ,arrang+ ! />s 9 a regul> s]ies1 f blue 9 t9t ?r\gh :ite to r$1 x 0 f\nd t ! numb] & "* ( ! spectral l9es v>i$ 9 a correspond+ way4 ,! blue />s1 l ,sirius1 ,vega & ,aquil1 ?\gh !y _h ! ,f l9es /rong1 z well z ! two violet l9es ,h1 _h o!rwise only extremely f9e l9es4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! r$ />s1 l ,orionis & ,scorpii1 %[ spectra ) sev]al broad b&s4 ,sec*i 0 ?us l$ to recognize ?ree types ( spectra1 z foll[s3 ,! fir/ type is t ( ! :ite or slightly blue />s1 l ,sirius1 ,vega1 ,altair1 ,rigel1 etc4 ,! typical spectrum ( ^! />s %[s all sev5 spectral colors1 int]rupt$ by f\r /rong1 d>k l9es1 "o 9 ! r$1 "o 9 ! blui% gre51 & ! two o!rs 9 ! violet4 ,all f\r ( ^! l9es belong to hydrog54 ,_! m>k$ peculi>ity is _! bread?1 :i* t5ds to %[ t ! absorb+ lay] is ( consid]able ?ickness or is subject$ to a great pressure4 ,besides ^! broad rays1 f9e metallic rays are f\nd 9 ! bright] />s ( ?is type4 ,sec*i consid]s t ?is is ! mo/ num]\s type ( all1 half ! />s :i* he /udi$ belong+ to x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,,spectrum ,,( ,,sirius4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,,spectra ,,( ,,aurig ,,& ,,sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,,spectra ,,( ,,bootis ,,& ,,gem9orum4 ,! second type is t ( ! some:at yell[ />s1 l ,capella1 ,pollux1 ,arcturus1 ,procyon1 etc4 ,! mo/ /rik+ feature ( ! spectrum ( ^! />s is its resemblance to t ( our sun4 ,l ! latt]1 x is cross$ by v f9e & close black rays4 ,x w\ld seem t ! m ! /> incl9es t[>d r$1 ! broad] ^! rays become & ! easi] x is to di/+ui% !m4 ,we give a figure %[+ ! rem>kable agreem5t betwe5 ! spectrum ( ,capella1 :i* may be tak5 z an example ( ! type1 & t ( ! sun4 ,! spectra ( ! ?ird type1 belong+ mo/ly to ! r$ />s1 are compos$ ( a d\ble sy/em ( nebul\s b&s & d>k l9es4 ,! latt] are fundam5tally ! same z 9 ! second type1 ! broad nebul\s b&s be+ an addition to ! spectrum4 ,h]culis may be tak5 z an example ( ?is type4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,,spectrum ,,) ,,bo? ,,bright ,,& ,,d>k ,,l9es4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t1 9 ^! progressive types1 ! brilliancy ( ! m refrangible end ( ! spectrum cont9ually dim9i%es relatively to t ( ! r$ end4 ,to ?is is due ! gradations ( color 9 ! />s4 ,to ^! ?ree types ,sec*i subsequ5tly add$ a f\r?1 giv5 by comp>atively few />s ( a deep r$ color4 ,! spectra ( ?is class consi/ pr9cipally ( ?ree bright b&s1 :i* are sep>at$ by d>k int]vals4 ,! brighte/ is 9 ! gre52 a v fa9t "o is 9 ! blue2 ! ?ird is 9 ! yell[ & r$1 & is divid$ up into a numb] ( o!rs4 ,to ^! types a fif? 0 subsequ5tly add$ by ,wolf & ,rayet1 ( ! ,p>is ,obs]vatory4 ,! spectra ( ?is class %[ a s+ul> mixture ( bright l9es & d>k b&s1 z if ?ree diff]5t spectra 7 comb9$1 "o cont9u\s1 "o an absorption spectrum1 & "o an emission spectrum f gl[+ gas4 ,less ?an a hundr$ />s ( ?is type h be5 discov]$4 ,a v rem>kable peculi>ity1 :i* we %all discuss h]eaft]1 is t !y are ne>ly all situat$ v ne> ! c5tral l9e ( ! ,milky ,way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,,spectra ,,( ,,cygni ,,& ,,tauri4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,,spectrum ,,( ,,orionis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,,spectrum ,,( ,,cassiopei ,vogel propos$ a modification ( ,sec*i's classification1 by subdivid+ ea* ( 8 ?ree types into two or ?ree o!rs1 & includ+ ! ,wolf-,rayet />s "u ! second type4 ,8 def9itions are z foll[s3 ,type ,i is di/+ui%$ by ! int5sity ( ! light 9 ! m refrangible end ( ! spectrum1 ! blue & violet4 ,! type may be divid$ into ?ree subdivisions1 designat$ a1 b & c3 ,9 ,ia ! metallic l9es are v fa9t1 :ile ! hydrog5 l9es are di/+ui%$ by _! bread? & /r5g?4 ,9 ,ib ! hydrog5 l9es are want+4 ,9 ,ic ! l9es ( hydrog5 & helium bo? %[ z bright l9es4 ,/>s %[+ ?is spectrum are n[ kn[n z helium />s4 ,accord+ to ,vogel1 ! spectra ( type ,,ii are di/+ui%$ by hav+ ! metallic l9es well-m>k$ & ! m refrangible end ( ! spectrum mu* fa9t] ?an 9 ! case ( type ,i4 ,he recognizes two subdivisions3 ,9 ,,iia ! metallic l9es are v num]\s1 especially 9 ! yell[ & gre54 ,! hydrog5 l9es are /rong1 b n s /rik+ z 9 ,ia4 ,9 ,,iib are f\nd d>k l9es1 bright l9es & fa9t b&s4 ,9 ?is subdivision he includes ! ,wolf-,rayet />s1 m g5]ally classifi$ z ( ! fif? type4 ,! di/+ui%+ m>k ( ! ?ird type is t1 besides d>k l9es1 !re are num]\s d>k b&s 9 all p>ts ( ! spectrum1 & ! m refrangible end ( ! latt] is almo/ want+4 ,!re are two subdivisions ( ?is type3 ,9 ,,iiia ! broad b&s ne>e/ ! violet end are %>p1 d>k & well-def9$1 :ile ^? ne> ! r$ end are ill-def9$ & fa9t4 ,9 ,,iiib ! b&s ne> ! r$ end are %>p & well-def9$2 ^? t[>d ! violet fa9t & ill-def9$4 ,! "* ( ! b&s is !re=e ! rev]se ( t 9 subdivision a4 ,?is classification ( ,vogel is /ill g5]ally foll[$ 9 ,g]many & else:]e4 ,x is f\nd1 h[ev]1 t !re are /> spectra ( types int]m$iate to all ^! def9$4 ,moreov]1 9 ea* type ! individual diff]5ces are s consid]able t !re is no well-def9$ limit to ! numb] ( classes t may be recogniz$4 ,at ! ,h>v>d ,obs]vatory a classification q diff]5t f t ( ,vogel has be5 us$1 b x is too detail$ = pres5tation "h4 ,! />s ( type ,,ii are frequ5tly t]m$ ,capellan />s1 or ,sol> />s4 ,c]ta9 />s ( type ,i are t]m$ ,orion />s1 ow+ to ! numb] ( />s ( ! type f\nd 9 t con/ellation4 ,! />s :i* %[ ! l9es ( helium are kn[n z helium />s4 ,we m5tion ^! designations because !y frequ5tly occur 9 lit]ature4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be outside ! object ( ! pres5t "w to describe all ^! classifications 9 detail4 ,we !re=e conf9e ourselves to a few illu/rations ( spectra ( ! famili> types describ$ by ,sec*i & ,vogel4 ,!re are _m /> spectra :i* _c be includ$ 9 any ( ! classes we h describ$4 ,up to ! pres5t "t ^! are g5]ally describ$ z />s ( peculi> spectra4 ,z ! pres5t *apt] is conf9$ to ! m g5]al side ( ! subject1 we %all n attempt any description ( special spectra4 ,^!1 especially ! peculi> spectra ( ! nebul1 ( new />s1 ( v>iable />s1 etc41 w be ref]r$ to1 s f> z necess>y1 9 ! *apt]s relat+ to ^? objects4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ conclusion drawn f obs]vations ) ! spectroscope is t ! />s are compos$1 9 ! ma91 ( elem5ts simil> to ^? f\nd 9 our sun4 ,z ! latt] conta9s mo/ ( ! elem5ts f\nd on ! e>? & few or none n f\nd !re1 we may say t e>? & />s seem to be all made out ( l matt]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n yet easy to say t no elem5ts unkn[n on ! e>? exi/ 9 ! heav5s4 ,x w\ld sc>cely be safe to assume t1 because ! l9e ( "s t]re/rial sub/ance is f\nd 9 ! spectrum ( a />1 x is produc$ by t sub/ance4 ,x is q possible t an unkn[n sub/ance might %[ a l9e 9 appreciably ! same position z t ( "s sub/ance kn[n to u4 ,! evid5ce becomes conclusive only 9 ! case ( ^? elem5ts ( :i* ! spectral l9es are s num]\s t :5 !y all co9cide ) l9es giv5 by a />1 !re c be no d\bt ( ! id5tity4 ,,prop] ,,motions ,,( ,,! ,,/>s4 ,we may assume t ! />s are all 9 motion4 ,x is true t only a comp>atively small numb] ( />s h be5 actually se5 to be 9 motion2 b z "s motion exi/s 9 ne>ly e case :]e obs]vations w\ld p]mit ( its be+ det]m9$1 we may assume ! rule to be univ]sal4 ,moreov]1 if a /> 7 at re/ at "o "t x w\ld be set 9 motion by ! attraction ( o!r />s4 ,/atem5ts ( ! motion f diff]5t po9ts ( view illu/rate 9 a /rik+ way ! va/ di/ance ( ! />s & ! p[] ( mod]n telescopic rese>*4 ,if ,hipp>*us or ,ptolemy %\ld rise f _! sleep ( #b1jjj ye>s--nay1 if ! e>lie/ prie/s ( ,babylon %\ld come to life aga9 & view ! heav5s1 !y w\ld n p]ceive any *ange to h tak5 place 9 ! relative positions ( ! />s4 ,! g5]al configurations ( ! con/ellations w\ld be exactly t to :i* !y 7 accu/om$4 ,_h !y be5 v exact obs]v]s !y might notice a slight diff]5ce 9 ! position ( ,arcturus2 b z a g5]al rule ! un*angeability w\ld h be5 manife/4 ,9 deal+ ) ! subject1 ! a/ronom] commonly expresses ! motion 9 angul> measurem5t z s _m seconds p] ye> or p] c5tury4 ,! ke5e/ eye w\ld n1 )\t telescopic aid1 be able to di/+ui% betwe5 two />s ^: app>5t di/ance is less ?an #b or #abj ( arc4 ,! pair ( />s kn[n z 77 ,lyr are #c ap>t2 yet1 to ord9>y vision !y appe> simply z a s+le />4 ,to appreciate :at #a ( arc means we mu/ conceive t ! di/ance betwe5 ^! two />s is divid$ by #bjj4 ,yet ?is m9ute space is easily di/+ui%$ & accurately measur$ by ! aid ( a telescope ( ord9>y p[]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we measure ! motions by t]re/rial /&>ds !y are swift inde$4 ,arcturus has be5 mov+ ev] s9ce ! "t ( ,job at ! rate ( probably m ?an #bjj miles p] second--possibly #cjj miles4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 ! motion is mu* small]1 rang+ f an imp]ceptible quantity up to #e1 #aj or #bj miles a second4 ,sl[ z ! angul> motion is1 our telescopic p[] is su* t ! motion 9 ! c\rse ( a v few ye>s 7) ,arcturus ! motion 9 a few days7 c be detect$4 ,z accurate det]m9ations ( positions ( ! />s h be5 made only dur+ a c5tury & a half1 no motions c be positively det]m9$ except ^? :i* w\ld become evid5t to telescopic vision 9 t p]iod4 ,only ab\t #c1jjj />s h be5 accurately obs]v$ s long z ?is4 ,9 ! l>ge majority ( cases ! int]val ( obs]vation is s %ort or ! motion s sl[ t no?+ c be ass]t$ respect+ ! law ( ! motion4 ,! great mass ( />s seem to move only a few seconds p] c5tury1 b !re are "s ^: motions are exceptionally rapid4 ,! g5]al rule is t ! bright] />s h ! l>ge/ prop] motions4 ,?is is :at we %\ld expect1 because 9 ! g5]al av]age !y are ne>] to u1 & !re=e _! motion w subt5d ! greate/ angle to ! eye4 ,b ?is rule is only "o ( majorities4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! />s ( l>ge/ prop] motion happ5 to be l[ 9 ! scale ( magnitude4 ,x happ5s ?us because ! numb] ( />s ( small] magnitudes is s mu* great] ?an t ( ! bright] ones t ! v small proportion ( l>ge prop] motions :i* !y (f] ov]-balances ^? ( ! bright] />s4 ,! discov]y ( ! /> ( greate/ kn[n prop] motion 0 made by ,kapteyn1 ( ,gron+51 9 #ahig1 cop]at+ ) ,gill & ,innes1 ( ! ,cape ,obs]vatory4 ,:ile exam9+ ! photographs ( ! />s made at ?is in/itution1 ,kapteyn 0 surpris$ to notice ! impression ( a /> ( ! eigh? magnitude :i* at fir/ c\ld n be f\nd 9 any catalogue4 ,b on comp>+ diff]5t /> li/s & diff]5t photographs x soon became evid5t t ! /> _h be5 previ\sly se5 or photograph$1 b always 9 slightly v>y+ positions4 ,an exam9ation ( ! obs]v$ positions at v>i\s times %[$ t ! /> _h a m rapid prop] motion ?an any o!r yet kn[n4 ,yet1 great ?\gh ?is motion is1 x w\ld require ne>ly #aej1jjj ye>s = ! /> to make a complete circuit ( ! heav5s if x mov$ r\nd ! sun uni=mly at its pres5t rate4 ,! fact t ! />s move sugge/s a v natural analogy to ! sol> sy/em4 ,9 ! latt] a numb] ( planets revolve r\nd ! sun z _! c5t]1 ea* planet cont9ually describ+ ! same orbit1 :ile ! v>i\s planets h diff]5t velocities4 ,ar\nd sev]al ( ! planets revolve "o or m satellites4 ,7 civiliz$ m5 ephem]al1 obs]v+ ! planets & satellites only = a few m9utes1 ^! bodies w\ld be describ$ z hav+ prop] motions ( _! own1 z we f9d ! />s to h4 ,may x n !n be t ! />s also =m a sy/em2 t ea* /> is mov+ 9 a fix$ orbit p]=m+ a revolution ar\nd "s f>-di/ant c5t] 9 a p]iod :i* may be hundr$s ( ?\s&s or hundr$s ( millions ( ye>s8 ,may x n be t !re are sy/ems ( />s 9 :i* ea* /> revolves ar\nd a c5t] ( its own :ile all ^! sy/ems are 9 revolution ar\nd a s+le c5t]8 ,?is ?\ght has be5 ent]ta9$ by m ?an "o contemplative a/ronom]4 ,lamb]t's magnific5t conception ( sy/em ^u sy/em w be describ$ h]eaft]4 ,mdl] ?\ght t he _h obta9$ evid5ce ( ! revolution ( ! />s ar\nd ,alcyone1 ! brighte/ ( ! ,pleiades1 z a c5t]4 ,b1 z ! prop] motions ( ! />s are m c>efully /udi$ & _! motion & direction m exactly asc]ta9$1 x becomes v cle> t :5 consid]$ on a l>ge scale ^! conceptions are nev] realiz$ 9 ! actual univ]se z a :ole4 ,b !re are isolat$ cases ( sy/ems ( />s :i* are %[n to be 9 "s way connect$ by _! hav+ a common prop] motion4 ,we %all m5tion "s ( ! m notable cases4 ,! ,pleiades are f\nd to move toge!r ) su* exactness t up to ! pres5t "t no diff]5ce 9 _! prop] motions has be5 detect$4 ,?is is true n only ( ! six />s :i* we readily see ) ! nak$ eye1 b ( a mu* l>g] numb] ( fa9t] ones made kn[n by ! telescope4 ,x is an int]e/+ fact1 h[ev]1 t a few />s app>5tly )9 ! gr\p d n p>take ( ?is motion1 f :i* x may be inf]r$ t !y d n belong to ! sy/em4 ,b !re mu/ be "s motion among !mselves1 else ! />s w\ld ultimately fall toge!r by _! mutual attraction4 ,! am\nt & nature ( ?is motion _c1 h[ev]1 be asc]ta9$ except by c5turies ( obs]vation4 ,ano!r example ( ! same sort is se5 9 five out ( ! sev5 />s ( ,urs ,major1 or ,! ,dipp]4 ,! />s are ^? lett]$ 1 1 1 & 4 ,all five h a prop] motion 9 ,r4 ,a4 ( ne>ly #h p] c5tury1 :ile 9 decl9ation ! movem5ts are sometimes positive & sometimes negative2 t is to say1 "s ( ! />s are app>5tly less5+ _! di/ance f ! pole1 :ile o!rs are increas+ x4 ,b :5 we project ! motions on a map we f9d t ! actual direction is v ne>ly ! same = all five />s1 & ! reason :y "s move slightly to ! nor? & o!rs slightly to ! s\? is due to ! div]g5ce ( ! circles ( "r asc5sion4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t ! community ( motion is also %[n by spectroscopic obs]vations ( ! radial motions describ$ bel[4 ,! five />s 9 "q are all ( ! second magnitude except 1 :i* is ( ! ?ird4 ,x is a curi\s fact t no fa9t] />s ?an ^! five h be5 f\nd to belong to ! sy/em4 ,f a /udy ( ^! motions ,hffl] has conclud$ t ! five />s lie ne>ly 9 ! same plane & h an equal motion 9 "o & ! same direction4 ,f ?is hypo!sis he has attempt$ to make a det]m9ation ( _! relative & actual di/ances4 ,! result rea*$ 9 ?is way _c yet1 h[ev]1 be reg>d$ z conclusive4 ,!re are ?ree />s 9 ,cassiopeia1 1 & ea* hav+ a l>ge prop] motion 9 s ne>ly ! same direction t x is difficult to avoid at lea/ a suspicion ( "s relation betwe5 !m4 ,! angul> motions are1 h[ev]1 s f> f equal t we _c reg>d ! relation z e/abli%$4 ,9 ! con/ellation ,taurus1 betwe5 ,aldeb>an & ! ,pleiades1 mo/ ( ! />s :i* h be5 accurately det]m9$ seem to h a common motion4 ,b ^! motions are n yet s well asc]ta9$ t we c base any?+ def9ite ^u !m4 ,!y %[ a ph5om5on :i* ,proctor v aptly designat$ z />-drift4 ,! sy/ems we h j describ$ comprise />s situat$ s f> ap>t t1 b = _! common motion1 we %\ld n h suspect$ any relation betwe5 !m4 ,! community ( orig9 :i* _! connection indicates is ( great int]e/ & importance1 b ! "q belongs to a lat] *apt]4 ,,motions ,,9 ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,sight1 ,,or ,,radial ,,motions4 ,no a*ievem5t ( mod]n sci5ce is m rem>kable ?an ! measurem5t ( ! velocity ) :i* />s are mov+ to or f u4 ,?is is effect$ by means ( ! spectroscope ?r\gh a comp>ison ( ! position ( ! spectral l9es produc$ by ! absorption ( any sub/ance 9 ! atmosph]e ( ! /> ) ! correspond+ l9es produc$ by ! same sub/ance on ! e>?4 ,! pr9ciple on :i* ! me?od dep5ds may be illu/rat$ by ! analog\s case ( s\nd4 ,x is a famili> fact t if we /& alongside a railway :ile a locomotive is pass+ u at full spe$1 & at ! same "t bl[+ a :i/le1 ! pit* ( ! note :i* we he> f ! :i/le is high] z ! eng9e is approa*+ ?an aft] x passes4 ,! reason is t ! pit* ( a s\nd dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( s\nd beats p] second4 ,a ,b ,x 99 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 99 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,n[1 we may consid] ! waves :i* =m light :5 !y /rike our app>atus z beats 9 ! e!real m$ium :i* foll[ ea* o!r ) extraord9>y rapidity1 millions ( millions 9 a second1 mov+ =w>d ) a def9ite velocity ( m ?an #ahf1jjj miles a second4 ,ea* spectral l9e produc$ by a *emical elem5t %[s t t elem5t1 :5 inc&esc5t1 beats ! e!r a c]ta9 numb] ( times 9 a second4 ,^! beats are transmitt$ z waves4 ,s9ce ! velocity is ! same :e!r ! numb] ( beats p] second is less or great]1 x foll[s t1 if ! body is 9 motion 9 ! direction 9 :i* x emits ! light1 ! beats w be clos] toge!r ?an if x is at re/2 if mov+ away !y w be fur!r ap>t4 ,! fundam5tal fact on :i* ?is result dep5ds is t ! velocity ( ! light-beat ?r\gh ! e!r is indep5d5t ( ! motion ( ! body caus+ ! beat4 ,to %[ ! result1 let ,a be a lum9\s body at re/2 let ! sev5 dots to ! "r ( ,a be ! cre/s ( sev5 waves or beats1 ! fir/ ( :i*1 at ! end ( a c]ta9 "t1 has rea*$ ,x4 ,! wave-l5g? w !n be "o sev5? ! di/ance ,a ,x4 ,n[1 suppose ,a 9 motion t[>d ,x ) su* spe$ t1 :5 ! fir/ beat has rea*$ ,x1 ,a has rea*$ ! po9t ,b4 ,!n ! sev5 beats made by ,a :ile ! fir/ beat is travel+ f ,a to ,x1 & ,a travel+ f ,a to ,b1 w be cr[d$ into ! space ,b ,x1 s t ea* wave w be "o sev5? %ort] ?an be=e4 ,9 o!r words1 ! wave-l5g?s ( ! light emitt$ by any sub/ance w be less or great] ?an _! normal l5g?1 accord+ to ! motion ( ! sub/ance 9 ! direction 9 :i* its light is transmitt$1 or 9 ! opposite direction4 ,! position ( a ray 9 ! spectrum dep5ds solely on ! wave-l5g? ( ! light4 ,x foll[s t ! rays produc$ by any sub/ance w be displac$ t[>d ! blue or r$ end ( ! spectrum1 accord+ z ! body emitt+ or absorb+ ! rays is mov+ t[>ds or f u4 ,?is me?od ( det]m9+ ! motions ( />s to or f u1 or _! velocity 9 ! l9e ( sight f u to ! />1 0 fir/ put into practice by ,mr4--n[ ,sir ,william--,hugg9s1 ( ,london4 ,! me?od has s9ce be5 p]fect$ by photograph+ ! spectrum ( a />1 or o!r heav5ly body1 side by side ) t ( a t]re/rial sub/ance1 r5d]$ inc&esc5t 9 ! tube ( a telescope4 ,! rays ( ?is sub/ance pass ?r\gh ! same spectroscope z ^? f ! />1 s t1 if ! wave-l5g?s ( ! l9es produc$ by ! sub/ance 7 ! same z ^? f\nd 9 ! /> spectrum1 ! two l9es w\ld correspond 9 position4 ,! m9ute diff]5ce f\nd on ! photographic plate is ! measure ( ! velocity ( ! /> 9 ! l9e ( sight4 ,x w be se5 t ! conclusion dep5ds on ! hypo!sis t ! position ( any ray produc$ by a sub/ance is affect$ by no cause b ! motion ( ! sub/ance4 ,h[ & :5 ?is hypo!sis may fail is a v important "q4 ,x is f\nd1 = example1 t ! position ( a spectral ray may be alt]$ by compress+ ! gas emitt+ or absorb+ ! ray1 & x may be inquir$ :e!r ! results = motion 9 ! l9e ( sight may n be vitiat$ by ! absorb+ atmosph]e ( ! /> be+ "u heavy pressure1 ?us displac+ ! absorption l9e4 ,to ?is x may be repli$ t1 9 any case1 ! out] lay]s ( ! atmosph]e1 ?r\gh :i* ! light mu/ la/ pass1 are n "u pressure4 ,h[ f> inn] portions may produce an absorption spectrum we _c discuss at pres5t1 b x does n seem likely t s]i\s errors are ?us introduc$ 9 _m cases4 ,^! measures require app>atus & manipulation ( extraord9>y delicacy1 9 ord] to avoid e possible s\rce ( error4 ,! displacem5t ( ! l9es produc$ by motion is 9 fact s m9ute t great skill is requir$ to make x evid5t1 unless 9 exceptional cases4 ,! ,mills spectrograph ( ! ,lick ,obs]vatory 9 ! h&s ( ,pr(essor ,campbell has1 not)/&+ ^! difficulties1 yield$ results ( extraord9>y precision4 ,q a numb] ( inve/igators at "s lead+ obs]vatories ( ,europe & ,am]ica are pursu+ ! "w ( det]m9+ ^! motions4 ,! det]m9ations h almo/ necess>ily be5 limit$ to ! bright] />s1 because1 ow+ to ! light ( ! /> be+ spread ov] s broad a space 9 ! spectrum1 in/ead ( be+ conc5trat$ on a po9t1 a f> long] exposure is necess>y to photograph ! spectrum ( a /> ?an to photograph ! /> itself4 ,! l>g] ! telescope ! fa9t] ! /> ^: spectrum c be photograph$4 ,vogel1 ( ,potsdam1 :o has made ! mo/ sy/ematic sets ( ^! measures t h yet appe>$1 includ$ few />s fa9t] ?an ! second magnitude4 ,) ! l>ge/ telescopes ! spectro ( />s d[n to ab\t ! fif? magnitude may be photograph$2 beyond ?is x is extremely difficult to g4 ,! limit w probably be rea*$ by ! spectrograph ( ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory1 :i* is n[ be+ put into op]ation by ,pr(essors ,hale & ,fro/4 ,,! ,,motion ,,( ,,! ,,sun4 ,:5 a /> is f\nd to be seem+ly 9 motion1 z describ$ 9 ! la/ section1 we may ascribe ! ph5om5on to a motion ei!r ( ! /> itself or ( ! obs]v]4 ,9 fact no motion c be det]m9$ or def9$ except by ref]5ce to "s body suppos$ to be at re/4 ,9 ! case ( any "o />1 we may equally well suppose ! /> to be at re/ & ! obs]v] 9 motion1 or ! contr>y4 ,or we may suppose bo? to h su* motions t ! diff]5ce ( ! two %all repres5t ! app>5t movem5t ( ! />4 ,h5ce our actual result 9 ! case ( ea* sep>ate /> is a relation betwe5 ! motion ( ! /> & ! motion ( ! sun4 ,i say ! motion ( ! sun & n ( ! e>?1 because al?\gh ! obs]v] is actually on ! e>?1 yet ! latt] nev] leaves ! neighborhood ( ! sun1 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! ultimate result 9 ! long run mu/ be a motion relative to ! sun itself z if we made our obs]vations f t body4 ,! "q !n arises :e!r !re is any crit]ion = det]m9+ h[ mu* ( ! app>5t motion ( any giv5 /> %\ld be attribut$ to ! /> itself & h[ mu* to a motion ( ! sun 9 ! opposite direction4 ,if we %\ld f9d t ! />s1 9 consequ5ce ( _! prop] motions1 all appe>$ to move 9 ! same direction1 we w\ld naturally assume t !y 7 at re/ & ! sun 9 motion4 ,a conclusion ( ?is sort 0 fir/ rea*$ by ,h]s*el1 :o obs]v$ t among ! />s hav+ notable prop] motions !re 0 a g5]al t5d5cy to move f ! direction ( ! con/ellation ,h]cules1 :i* is 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 t[>ds ! opposite con/ellation ,argo1 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e4 ,act+ on ?is sugge/ion1 subsequ5t a/ronom]s h adopt$ ! practice ( consid]+ ! g5]al av]age ( all ! />s1 or a position :i* we may reg>d z _! common c5t] ( gravity1 to be at re/1 & !n det]m9+ ! motion ( ! sun ) respect to ?is c5t]4 ,"h we enc\nt] ! difficulty t we _c make any absolute det]m9ation ( ! position ( any su* c5t]4 ,! latt] w v>y accord+ to :at p>ticul> />s we are able to include 9 our e/imate4 ,:at we c d is to take all ! />s :i* appe> to h a prop] motion1 & det]m9e ! g5]al direction ( t motion4 ,?is gives u a c]ta9 po9t 9 ! heav5s t[>d :i* ! sol> sy/em is travel+1 & :i* is n[ call$ ! sol> apex1 or ! apex ( ! sol> way4 ,! app>5t motion ( ! />s due to ?is motion ( ! sol> sy/em is n[ call$ _! p>allactic motion1 to di/+ui% x f ! actual motion ( ! /> itself4 ,! int]e/ :i* atta*es to ! det]m9ation ( ! sol> apex has l$ a great numb] ( inve/igators to attempt x4 ,ow+ to ! r indef9ite "* ( ! mat]ial ( inve/igation1 ! unc]ta9ty ( ! prop] motions1 & ! additions con/antly made to ! numb] ( />s :i* are available = ! purpose 9 view1 diff]5t inve/igators h rea*$ diff]5t results4 ,until q rec5tly1 ! g5]al conclusion 0 t ! sol> apex 0 situat$ some:]e 9 ! con/ellation ,h]cules4 ,b ! g5]al tr5d ( rec5t rese>* has be5 to place x 9 or ne> ! adjo9+ con/ellation ,lyra4 ,?is *ange has aris5 ma9ly f includ+ a l>g] numb] ( />s1 ^: motions 7 det]m9$ ) great] accuracy4 ,=m] inve/igators bas$ _! conclusions entirely on />s hav+ consid]able prop] motions1 ^! be+1 9 g5]al1 ! ne>] to u4 ,! fact is1 h[ev]1 t x is bett] to include />s hav+ a small prop] motion1 because ! advantage ( _! great numb] m ?an c\nt]balances ! disadvantage ( _! di/ance4 ,! conclusions rea*$ by "s rec5t inve/igators ( ! position ( ! sol> apex w n[ be giv54 ,we call ,a ! "r asc5sion ( ! apex2 ,d its decl9ation4 ,pr(4 ,lewis ,boss1 f #bgc />s ( l>ge prop] motion f\nd ,a #bhc4c2 ,d #dd4a4 ,if he exclud$ ! motions ( #bf />s :i* exce$$ #dj p] c5tury ! result 0 ,a #bhh4g2 ,d #ea4e4 ,a comp>ison ( ^! numb]s %[s h[ mu* ! result dep5ds on ! special />s select$4 ,by leav+ out #bf />s ! apex is *ang$ by #e 9 ,r4 ,a41 & #g 9 decl9ation4 ,x is to be rem>k$ t ! />s us$ by ,boss are all conta9$ 9 a belt f\r degrees wide1 ext5d+ f #a to #e nor? ( ! equator4 ,dr4 ,osc> ,/umpe1 ( ,b]l91 made a li/ ( #iif />s hav+ prop] motions betwe5 #af & #abh p] c5tury4 ,he divid$ !m into ?ree gr\ps1 ! fir/ includ+ ^? betwe5 #af & #cb2 ! second betwe5 #cb & #fd2 ! ?ird betwe5 #fd & #abh4 ,! numb] ( />s 9 ea* gr\p & ! position ( ! apex d]iv$ f !m are z foll[s3 ,gr4 ,i1 #eea />s2 ,a #bhg4d2 ,d #de4j ,,ii1 #cci #bhb4b #dc4e ,,iii1 #ajf #bhj4b #cc4e ,port]1 ( ,c9c9nati1 made a det]m9ation f a yet l>g] li/ ( />s ) results ( ! same g5]al "*4 ,^! det]m9ations h ! advantage t ! />s are scatt]$ ov] ! entire heav5s1 ! s\!rn z well z ! nor!rn ones4 ,! diff]5ce ( m ?an #aj betwe5 ! position d]iv$ f />s ) ! l>ge/ prop] motions1 & f ! o!r />s1 is rem>kable4 ,! pres5t writ]1 9 a det]m9ation ( ! precessional motion1 incid5tally det]m9$ ! sol> motion f #b1ebg />s conta9$ 9 ,bradley's ,catalogue :i* _h small prop] motions1 & f ab\t #fjj m hav+ l>g] prop] motions4 ,( ! latt] ! decl9ations only 7 us$4 ,! results 73 ,f small motions3 ,a #bgd4b2 ,d #ca4b ,f l>ge motions3 #bgf4i #ca4d ,f all ^! results x w\ld seem t ! mo/ likely apex ( ! sol> motion is t[>d ! po9t 9 ,"r ,asc5sion1 #bhj ,decl9ation1 #ch nor?4 ,?is po9t is situat$ 9 ! con/ellation ,lyra1 ab\t #b f ! fir/ magnitude /> ,vega4 ,! unc]ta9ty ( ! result is m ?an ?is diff]5ce1 f\r or five degrees at lea/4 ,we may !re=e /ate ! conclusion 9 ?is =m3 ,! apex ( ! sol> motion is 9 ! g5]al direction ( ! con/ellation ,lyra1 & probably v ne> ! /> ,vega1 ! brighte/ ( t con/ellation4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ! wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! position ( ! apex f l>ge & f small prop] motions1 z f\nd by ,port]1 ,boss & ,/umpe1 require explanation4 ,s9ce ! app>5t motions ( ! />s are less ! great] _! di/ance1 ^! results1 if accept$ z real1 w\ld lead to ! conclusion t ! position ( ! sol> apex d]iv$ f />s ne> to u 0 mu* fur!r s\? ?an :5 d]iv$ f m di/ant />s4 ,?is aga9 w\ld indicate t our sun is "o ( a clu/] or gr\p ( />s1 hav+1 9 ! g5]al av]age1 a diff]5t prop] motion f ! m di/ant />s4 ,b ?is conclusion is n to be accept$ z real until ! subject has be5 m exhau/ively inve/igat$4 ,! result may dep5d on ! selection ( ! />s2 & !re is1 z yet1 no g5]al agreem5t among inve/igators z to ! be/ way ( mak+ ! det]m9ation4 ,! next "q :i* arises is t ( ! velocity ( ! sol> motion4 ,! data = ?is det]m9ation are m meagre & d\btful ?an ^? = ! direction ( ! motion4 ,! mo/ obvi\s & direct me?od is to det]m9e ! p>allactic motion ( ! />s ( kn[n p>allax4 ,reg>d+ any /> #ij f ! apex ( ! sol> motion z 9 a /ate ( absolute re/1 we h ! obvi\s rule t ! quoti5t ( its p>allactic motion dur+ any p]iod1 say a c5tury1 divid$ by its p>allax1 gives ! sol> motion dur+ t p]iod1 9 units ( ! e>?'s di/ance f ! sun4 ,9 fact1 by a motion ( ! sun ?r\gh "o su* unit1 ! /> w\ld h an app>5t motion 9 ! opposite direction equal to its annual p>allax4 ,if ! /> 7 n #ij f ! apex we c easily r$uce its obs]v$ p>allactic motion by divid+ x by ! sign ( its actual di/ance f ! apex4 ,s9ce e /> has1 presumably1 a prop] motion ( its own1 we c draw no conclusion f ! app>5t motion ( any "o />1 ow+ to ! impossibility ( di/+ui%+ its actual f its p>allactic motion4 ,we %\ld1 !re=e1 base our conclusion on ! mean result f a great numb] ( />s1 ^: av]age position or c5t] ( mass we might assume to be at re/4 ,"h we meet ! difficulty t !re are only ab\t #fj />s ^: p>allaxes c be said to be det]m9$2 & "o-half ( ^! are too ne> ! apex1 or h too small a p>allax1 to p]mit ( any conclusion be+ drawn f !m4 ,a second me?od is bas$ on ! spectroscopic measures ( ! motion ( />s 9 ! l9e ( sight1 or ! l9e f ! e>? to ! />4 ,a /> at re/ 9 ! direction ( ! sol> apex w\ld be app>5tly mov+ t[>d u ) a velocity equal to t ( ! sol> motion4 ,assum+ ! c5t] ( mass ( all ! />s obs]v$ to be at re/1 we %\ld get ! sol> motion f ! mean ( all4 ,?us f>1 h[ev]1 !re are only ab\t #ej />s ^: motions 9 ! l9e ( sight h be5 us$ = ! det]m9ation1 s t ! data are yet m meagre ?an 9 ! case ( ! prop] motions4 ,f !m1 h[ev]1 us+ a /ati/ical me?od ,kapteyn has d]iv$ results :i* seem to %[ t ! actual velocity ( ! sol> sy/em ?r\gh space is ab\t #af kilometres1 or #aj /atute miles1 p] second4 ,,! ,,psy*ology ,,( ,,r$4 7,,ii47 ,,by ,,havelock ,,ellis4 ,! facts & consid]ations we h pass$ 9 review fairly indicate ! physiological & psy*ological prem95ce ( r$ among ! colors ( ! spectrum to :i* we are s5sitive4 ,:at is ! cause ( t prem95ce8 ,x seems to me t two ord]s ( causes h cop]at$ to produce ?is pr$om9ant influ5ce1 "o physical & dep5d+ on ! special effects ( ! long-wav$ portion ( ! spectrum on liv+ matt]1 ! o!r psy*ological & result+ f ! special environm5tal influ5ces to :i* man1 & to "s ext5t ev5 ! high] animals g5]ally1 h be5 subject$4 ,x is possible t ^! two influ5ces bl5d toge!r & _c at any po9t be dis5tangl$2 x is possible t acquir$ aptitude may be inh]it$ or t :at seem to be acquir$ aptitudes are really p]petuat$ cong5ital v>iations2 b on ! :ole ! two influ5ces are s di/9ct t we may deal ) !m sep>ately4 ,on ! physical side ! influ5ce ( ! r$ rays1 al?\gh !re is mu* evid5ce %[+ t x may be trac$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( organic nature1 is c]ta9ly mo/ /rongly & conv9c+ly exhibit$ on plants4 ,! *>act]i/ic gre5ness ( vegetation alone be>s witness to ?is fact4 ,! r$ rays are life to ! *lorophyll-be>+ plant1 ! violet rays are dea?4 ,a mead[1 x has be5 ju/ly said1 is a va/ field ( tongues ( fire gre$ily lick+ up ! r$ rays & vomit+ =? ! poison\s bile ( blue & yell[4 ,an exp]im5t ( ,flamm>ion's has beautifully %[n ! widely diff]5t reaction ( plants to ! r$ & violet rays4 ,at ! climatological /ation at ,juvisy he con/ruct$ f\r gre5h\ses--"o ( ord9>y transp>5t glass1 ano!r ( r$ glass1 ano!r ( gre51 ! f\r? ( d>k blue4 ,! glass 0 mono*romatic1 z c>efully te/$ by ! spectroscope1 & d>k blue 0 us$ in/ead ( violet because x 0 impossible to obta9 a p]fect violet glass4 ,^! 7 all plac$ "u uni=m meteorological & o!r conditions1 & f c]ta9 plants su* z ! s5sitive plant1 previ\sly s[n on ! same day 9 ! same soil1 eight ( ea* k9d 7 select$1 all measur+ #bg millimetres1 & plac$ by two & two 9 ! f\r gre5h\ses on ! #d? ( ,july4 ,on ! #ae? ( ,augu/ !re 7 notable diff]5ces 9 height1 color & s5sitiv5ess1 & ^! diff]5ces cont9u$ to become m>k$2 photographs ( ! plants on ! #d? ( ,octob] %[$ t :ile ^? "u blue glass _h made no progress1 ^? "u r$ glass _h atta9$ extraord9>y developm5t1 r$ light act+ l a manure4 ,:ile ^? "u blue glass became ins5sitive1 "u r$ glass ! s5sitive plants _h become excessively s5sitive to ! lea/ brea?4 ,!y also fl[]$1 ^? "u transp>5t glass be+ vigor\s & %[+ buds1 b n fl[]+4 ,! foliage "u r$ glass 0 v light1 "u blue d>ke/4 ,simil> b less m>k$ effects 7 f\nd 9 ! case ( g]aniums1 /rawb]ries1 etc4 ,! /rawb]ries "u blue glass 7 no m advanc$ 9 ,octob] ?an 9 ,may2 ?\gh n gr[+ old _! life 0 little m ?an a sleep4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 t ! /imulat+ influ5ce ( r$ light fails to influ5ce favorably ! rip5+ ( fruit4 ,za*>ewiez1 pr(essor ( agriculture at ,vaucluse1 has f\nd t r$1 or r orange1 produces ! greate/ am\nt ( vegetation1 :ile z reg>ds fruit1 ! f9e/ & e>lie/ 0 gr[n "u cle> glass1 violet glass1 inde$1 caus+ ! am\nt ( fruit to increase b at ! exp5se ( ! quality4 ,moreov]1 ! l[e/ z well z ! highe/ plants p>ticipat$ 9 ?is response to ! r$ rays1 & 9 ev5 a m m>k$ degree1 = !y p]i% altoge!r "u ! influ5ce ( ! violet rays4 ,m>%all ,w>d & o!rs h %[n t ! blue1 violet & ultra-violet rays1 b no o!rs1 are delet]i\s to bact]ia4 ,f9s5 has successfully made use ( ?is fact 9 ! treatm5t ( bact]ial sk9 diseases4 ,reynolds ,gre5 has %[n t :ile ! ultra-violet rays h a de/ructive influ5ce on dia/ase1 ! r$ rays h a p[]fully /imulat+ effect1 increas+ dia/ase & conv]t+ zymog5 into dia/ase4 ,:ile ! influ5ce ( ! r$ rays on ! plant is ?us s enorm\s & easily demon/rat$1 ! physical effects ( r$ on animals seem to be ev5 opposite 9 "*1 al?\gh results ( exp]im5ts are some:at contradictory4 ,bcl>d f\nd t ! l>v ( ! fle% fly rais$ "u violet glass 7 ?ree f\r?s l>g] ?an ^? rais$ "u gre5 glass2 ! ord] 0 violet1 blue1 r$1 yell[1 :ite1 gre54 ,9 ! case ( tadpoles1 ,yung f\nd t violet or blue 0 especially favorable to ! gr[? ( frogs2 he also f\nd t fi% hat* mo/ rapidly "u violet light4 ,?us ! influ5ce t is practically dea? to plants is t mo/ favorable to life 9 animals4 ,bo? effects1 h[ev]1 z ,dav5port truly rem>ks 9 8 #8,exp]im5tal ,morphology1' :5 summ+ up ! results ( inve/igations1 are due to ! same *emical metabolic *anges1 b :ile plants succumb to ! influ5ce ( ! violet rays1 animals1 be+ m highly organiz$1 are able to take advantage ( !m & fl\ri%4 ,at ! same "t ! influ5ce ( violet rays on animal tissue is by no means inv>iably b5eficial2 !y are (t5 too p[]ful a /imulant4 ,t ! violet rays h an influ5ce on ! human sk9 :i* 9 ! fir/ place1 at all ev5ts1 is de/ructive & h>mful 9 a high degree1 is n[ cle>ly e/abli%$ by ! obs]vations & exp]im5ts ( ,*>cot1 ,unna1 ,hamm]1 ,b[les & o!rs1 :ile ,f9s5 has made an important advance 9 ! treatm5t ( disease bas$ on ?is fact4 ,! conditions call$ #8sun-burn1' #8sn[-burn1' #8sn[-bl9dness1' = in/ance1 :i* may affect ev5 travel]s on sn[-fields & ,arctic explor]s1 are n[ kn[n to be :olly due to ! violet & n to ! r$ rays4 ,unna's device ( we>+ a yell[ veil1 & ,b[les's plan ( pa9t+ ! sk9 br[n1 ?us %utt+ (f ! violet rays1 suffice to prev5t sun-burn4 ,! same effect is also obta9$ by nature1 :i* "u ! /ress ( sunlight1 & l>gely ?r\gh ! irritation ( ! violet rays !mselves1 weaves a pigm5t>y veil ( yell[ & br[n on ! sk91 :i* ?us protects f ! fur!r injuri\s influ5ce ( ! violet rays & r5d]s ! sunlight a s\rce ( less alloy$ joy & heal?4 ,t ! pres5ce ( ! r$ rays1 or at all ev5ts ! exclusion ( ! violet1 is ( great b5efit 9 _m sk9 diseases seems to be n[ beyond d\bt4 ,?is has be5 %[n by ,f9s5 9 8 treatm5t ( smallpox 9 r$ rooms2 x appe>s t x 0 also kn[n 9 ! ,middle ,ages z well z 9 ,japan1 ,tonqu9 & ,r\mania1 r$ b$-cov]s1 curta9s or c>pets be+ us$ to obta9 ! effect4 ,"u ! treatm5t by r$ light n only is ! sk9 enabl$ to heal heal?fully )\t sc>r+1 b ! :ole c\rse ( ! disease is b5eficially affect$ & abbreviat$1 ! fev] is dim9i%$ & also ! risk ( complications4 ,ano!r physician has discov]$ t a simil> b5eficial effect is produc$ by r$ light 9 measles4 ,a *ild ) a sev]e attack ( measles 0 put into a room ) r$ bl9ds & a photographic lamp4 ,! ra% spe$ily disappe>$ & ! fev] subsid$1 ! *ild compla9+ only ( ! abs5ce ( light2 ! bl9ds 7 consequ5tly remov$1 & ! fev]1 ra% & pro/ration return$1 to disappe> aga9 :5 ! bl9ds 7 resum$4 ,:e!r r$ light1 or ! exclusion ( violet1 ex]ts a b5eficial influ5ce on ! hmoglob9 ( ! blood & on metabolism g5]ally has n be5 di/9ctly prov$1 b x seems to me to be indicat$ by su* exp]im5ts z ^? ( ,m>ti publi%$ a few ye>s ago 9 ! ,atti dei ,l9cei4 ,?is inve/igator f\nd t :ile feeble irritation ( ! sk9 promotes ! =mation ( blood corpuscles1 /rong irritation dim9i%es ! blood corpuscles & also ! hmoglob92 at ! same "t he f\nd t d>kness also dim9i%es ! numb] ( r$ corpuscles1 :ile cont9u$ exposure to int5se light 7ev5 at night ! electric light1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is ri* 9 violet rays7 favors increas$ =mation ( r$ corpuscles1 & 9 "s degree ( hmoglob94 ,f9s5 has %[n t inflammation ( ! sk9 caus$ by *emical or violet light leads to contraction ( ! r$ corpuscles4 ,?is br+s u to ! consid]ation ( ! influ5ce ( ! r$ rays on ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,f "t to "t exp]im5ts h be5 made z to ! influ5ce ( v>i\s color$ lights1 *iefly on ! insane1 z fir/ sugge/$ by ,fa!r ,sec*i 9 #ahie4 ,ev5 yet1 h[ev]1 ! specific m5tal influ5ces ( ! v>i\s colors are n q cle>4 ,x has be5 f\nd by "s t ! r$ rays are f> m soo?+ & com=table1 less irritat+1 ?an ! total rays ( uncolor$ light1 & ,g>b9i f\nd t angry infants 7 soo!d by ! light ?r\gh r$ glass1 only slightly by t ?r\gh gre5 & n at all by o!r color$ light4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is /at$ t a well-kn[n dry plate manufactur] at ,lyons 0 oblig$ to sub/itute gre5-color$ glass 9 ! w9d[s ( 8 l>ge room = ! usual r$ because ! "w p sang & ge/iculat$ all day & ! m5 made love to ! wom51 :ile "u ! influ5ce ( gre5 glass 7:i* also all[s yell[ rays to pass7 !y became quiet & sil5t & seem$ less fatigu$ :5 !y left (f "w4 ,we ne$ n atta* mu* value to ^! /atem5ts1 b 9 ?is connection x is int]e/+ to ref] to ! results obta9$ "s ye>s ago by ,fr & record$ 9 8 #8,s5sation et ,m\vem5t4' ,exp]im5t+ on normal subjects z well z on n]v\s subjects1 :o 7 f\nd m s5sitive1 ) color$ light pass$ ?r\gh glass or %eets ( gelat9e1 he f\nd notable diff]5ces 9 muscul> p[]1 measur$ by ! dynamomet]1 & 9 ! circulation z measur$ by ple?ysmographic trac+s ( ! =e>m "u ! influ5ce ( diff]5t colors4 ,he f\nd 9 ?is mann] ) "o subject ^: normal muscul> p[] 0 repres5t$ by #bc t blue light increas$ 8 p[] to #bd1 gre5 to #bh1 yell[ to #cj1 orange to #ce & r$ to #db4 ,! dynamog5ic p[]s ( ! diff]5t colors 7 ?us f\nd to rank 9 ! spectral ord]1 r$ repres5t+ ! climax ( en]gy1 or1 z ,fr puts x1 8! int5sity ( ! visual s5sation v>ies z ! vibrations40 ,fr f\nd t colors ne$ n be p]ceiv$ 9 ord] to %[ _! influ5ce1 ?us prov+ ! purely physical nature ( t influ5ce1 = 9 a subject :o 0 unable to see colors ) "o eye1 ! color /imulus _h ! same dynamog5ic effect :e!r appli$ to ! see+ or ! defective eye4 ,increase ( volume ( blood 9 ! limbs1 measur$ by ! ple?ysmograph1 s f> z we c rely on ,fr's exp]im5ts1 ran p>allel ) ! influ5ce on muscul> p[]1 culm9at+ ) r$1 s t no metaphor is involv$1 ,fr rem>ks1 :5 we speak ( r$ z a #8w>m' color4 ,on ! insane ! results atta9$ by ! use ( color$ glass d n seem to be q coh]5t4 ,"s ( ! e>li] obs]v]s describ$ ! b5eficial effects ( blue glass 9 soo?+ maniacs4 ,prit*>d ,davies1 h[ev]1 0 n able to f9d t r$ light _h any b5eficial effect1 ?\gh on "s cases blue _h1 :ile ,r(fegean f\nd t1 9 ! case ( a somb] & taciturn maniac :o c\ld r>ely be p]suad$ to eat1 ?ree h\rs 9 a r$-light$ room produc$ a m>k$ly b5eficial effect1 & a man ) delusions ( p]secution became q rational & 0 ev5 9 a condition to be s5t home aft] a few days 9 ! same room4 ,he also f\nd t a viol5t maniac we>+ a /rait jacket1 aft] a few h\rs 9 a room ) blue glass w9d[s became q calm & gave no fur!r tr\ble4 ,osburne has f\nd1 aft] _m ye>s' exp]i5ce1 t 9 ! abs5ce ( /ructural disease violet light 7= f ?ree to six h\rs7 is mo/ useful 9 ! treatm5t ( excitem5t1 sleeplessness & acute mania2 r$ he has f\nd ( "s b5efit1 ?\gh to a mu* less degree 9 su* cases 7x mu/ be rem>k$ t violet light z usually appli$ is n free f r$71 :ile he has n f\nd any color ) :i* he has tri$ exp]im5ts 7r$1 orange or violet7 ( b5efit 9 melan*olia4 ,! significance ( ^! facts is n altoge!r cle>2 ! influ5ce1 z ,prit*>d ,davies conclud$1 seems to be l>gely moral1 ?\gh x may be t ! colors ( long wave-l5g? are tonic & ^? ( %ort wave-l5g? s$ative4 ,s f> ,i h be5 *iefly conc]n$ to po9t out t ! imm5se emotional impressiv5ess ( r$ has a basis 9 physical laws1 be+ by no means altoge!r a matt] ( environm5tal associations4 ,x is true t ! two gr\ps ( influ5ces ov]lap1 & t we c n always di/+ui% !m4 ,we c n be sure t ! great] s5sitiv5ess to ! r$ rays may n h be5 emphasiz$ 9 ! organism1 n necess>ily z ! result ( inh]it$ acquirem5t1 b probably z ! p]petuation ( a v>iation ( s5sibility1 f\nd b5eficial 9 an environm5t :]e r$ 0 liable to be especially associat$ ) objects t 7 to be avoid$ z t]rible or s\ght z useful4 ,9 ?is way ! physical & environm5tal factors w\ld run 9 a circle4 ,we h to be> ?is consid]ation 9 m9d :5 we take into acc\nt ! susceptibilities ( animals1 especially ( ! high] animals1 to r$4 ,! color s5se1 x is well kn[n1 is widely diffus$ among animals2 inde$ ?is fact has be5 br\ght =w>d1 especially by ,p\*et1 to prove t !re c h be5 no color evolution 9 man2 ?is x c sc>cely be said to %[1 s9ce evolution does n run 9 a /raight l9e1 & x is q conceivable & ev5 probable t ! ance/ors ( man 7 less dep5d5t ?an _m l[] animals1 = ! means ( liv+1 on a highly develop$ color s5se4 ,?us a color s5se t among "s creatures is s highly develop$ z to include ev5 ! ultra-violet rays1 0 among our own ape-l ance/ors ei!r nev] develop$ or p>tially lo/4 ,grab]1 9 8 important inve/igation into ! color s5se ( animals1 %[$ t ( fifty animals /udi$ by him =ty %[$ /rong color pref]5ces 9 _! places ( abode4 ,9 g5]al he f\nd1 )\t be+ able to expla9 ! fact1 t animals :i* pref] ! d>k are r$ lov]s1 ^? :i* pref] ! light are blue lov]s4 ,! common worm1 ) head & tail cut (f1 /ill pref]r$ r$ to blue ne>ly z mu* z :5 un9jur$4 7,?is w\ld seem to indicate ! same k9d ( susceptibility to unaccu/om$ violet rays :i* we h already enc\nt]$ 9 ! ph5om5on ( sun-burn47 ,! triton & co*9eal1 ) eyes remov$ & heads cov]$ ) wax1 /ill _h delicate s5se = color & brightness4 ,! flea infe/+ ! dog _h a f9] color s5se ?an ! bee1 :ile ne>ly all ! animals ,grab] inve/igat$ 7 m or less s5sitive to ! ultra-r$ rays4 ,among insects x sc>cely appe>s1 nor %\ld we expect t !re w\ld be any peculi>ly m>k$ pr$ilection or av]sion = r$4 ,cock]ell & ,f4 ,w4 ,&]son1 f obs]vations 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 believe t yell[ 7i4 e41 ! brighte/ color7 is ! mo/ attractive to insects1 & ! =m] d\bts :e!r insects c di/+ui% r$ f yell[4 ,among ! high] animals1 & ev5 among fi%es & birds1 !re is n only a color s5se1 b a highly emotionaliz$ color s5se1 & r$ appe>s to be usually ! color t ar\ses ! emotion4 ,!re is a prov]b1 #8,wom5 & mack]el are caught by r$1' & p]* is also said to be caught by r$ bait4 ,sp>r[s appe> to be repell$ by r$2 ! case is report$ ( a h5 sp>r[1 kept 9 captivity = t5 ye>s1 :i* ?\gh o!rwise a fe>less bird #8w\ld on see+ sc>let %[ pa9ful signs ( di/ress & fa9t away4' ,! lady :o records ?is obs]vation has not$ ! same repugnance to r$1 ?\gh 9 a less m>k$ degree1 9 o!r sp>r[s1 "o ( :i* %[$ a pr$ilection = blue objects1 & %e rem>ks t :5 fe$+ outdoor sp>r[s f ! w9d[ !y flew away :5 %e wore a r$ jacket1 :ile a blue jacket inspir$ !m ) confid5ce2 o!r birds1 %e f\nd1 except a cockatoo1 7 unaffect$ by colors4 ,r$1 x is well kn[n1 is v obnoxi\s to turkey cocks1 :ile ! fury ar\s$ 9 v>i\s quadrup$s by r$ 0 kn[n at a v e>ly p]iod2 ,s5eca ref]r$ to x 9 ! case ( ! bull1 ! mo/ famili> example2 x is se5 9 buffaloes1 sometimes 9 horses1 & also1 x is said1 9 ! hippopotamus4 ,! ph5om5a ( color av]sion & color pr$ilection among insects may possibly be 9 "s degree a matt] ( physical s5sibility1 v>y+ accord+ to ! creature's tissues1 habitat & ne$s1 b z we approa* ! v]tebrates & especially ! mammals !re c be little d\bt t x is ma9ly a matt] ( environm5t & association2 9 o!r words1 t x is acc\nt$ = by ! color ( food1 ! color ( blood & ! color ( ! *ief second>y sexual *>act]s4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 conf9e ourselves to man1 & consid] :at are ! *ief color$ objects t are ( mo/ vital conc]n to ! human & mo/ closely alli$ species4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ gr\ps ( su* objects--"s w\ld say ! mo/ important gr\p 9 ?is connection--is t ( ripe fruits4 ,c]ta9ly among ! frugivor\s apes & among _m races ( primitive man1 ! color ( fruits mu/ be a p[]ful factor 9 develop+ a s5sibility = r$ rays1 & 9 associat+ su* s5sibility ) emotional satisfaction4 ,! color ( fruits is mo/ g5]ally r$1 orange or purple1 & s9ce purple is l>gely made up ( r$1 x is cle> t ! influ5ce ( fruits w almo/ exclusively be> on ! rays ( long wave-l5g?4 ,we may reasonably suppose t ! se>* = fruits act$ z an important factor 9 ! developm5t ( a special s5sibility = r$4 ,a lat] factor 9 ! pr$ilection = ! r$1 orange & yell[ rays1 ?\gh sc>cely a factor 9 _! discrim9ation1 lies 9 ! fact t ^! are ! colors ( fire4 ,flame1 ap>t f its beauty1 on :i* c]ta9 poets1 ,%elley especially1 h (t5 insi/$1 is a s\rce ( massive physical satisfaction4 ,ev5 "u ! conditions ( civilization we are (t5 acutely s5sitive to ?is fact1 :ile "u ! conditions ( primitive life1 9 imp]fect %elt]s1 caves or t5ts1 :]e no o!r s\rce ( artificial light & heat is kn[n1 ! satisfaction is imm5sely great]4 ,at ! same "t fire is associat$ ) food1 x is a protection f wild bea/s & ! accompanim5t ( ! fe/ival4 ,x may ev5 take on a sacr$ & symbolic "*1 & ! ,roman goddess ,ve/a 01 z ,ovid said1 simply #8liv+ flame4' ,:ile fruit or fire w\ld t5d to make ! emotional tone ( r$ pleasant1 ano!r v p[]ful factor 9 its emotional influ5ces1 ?\gh ?is "t z mu* by caus+ t]ror z pleasure1 is ! fact t x is ! color ( blood4 ,t #8! blood is ! life' is a belief in/9ctively /amp$ ev5 on ! emotions ( animals1 & x has n di$ ev5 9 civiliz$ man1 = ! sight ( blood produces on _m p]sons a sick5+ & t]rify+ s5sation :i* is only ov]come by habit & exp]i5ce or by a v /rong ef=t ( w4 ,x is n surpris+ t 9 "s p>ts ( ! _w1 & ev5 9 our own ,indo-,european gr\p ( languages1 ! "n = r$ is #8blood-color4' ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t at a v e>ly p]iod ( primitive culture ! blood _h ceas$ to be m]ely a s\rce ( t]ror1 or ev5 ( ! joy ( battle4 ,we f9d ev]y:]e t blood is bl5d$ into complex ritual cu/oms1 & ?us associat$ ) complex emotional /ates4 ,among ! anci5t ,arabians blood 0 sme>$ on ! body on v>i\s occasions1 & 9 mod]n ,arabia blood is /ill s us$4 ,ev]y:]e1 ev5 9 ! folk-lore ( mod]n ,europe1 we f9d t blood is a m$ic9e1 z x is also among ! primitive aborig9es ( ,au/ralia1 s c>efully inve/igat$ by ,baldw9 ,sp5c] & ,gill54 ,among ^! latt] primitive p we meet ) a ph5om5on ( v great significance4 ,we f9d1 t is1 t blood is ! e>lie/ pigm5t4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ! e>lie/ pa9t us$ by man--no d\bt by man :5 9 a mu* m primitive condition ?an ev5 ! ,au/ralians--0 blood4 ,9 ! initiation rites ( ! ,arunta tribes1 z describ$ by ,sp5c] & ,gill51 ! *ief p]=m] is elaborately decorat$ ) patt]ns 9 eagle-hawk d[n /uck to 8 body ) blood drawn f "s memb] ( ! tribe4 ,x 0 e/imat$ t "o man alone1 on "o ( ^! occasions1 all[$ five half-p9ts to be tak5 f him dur+ a s+le day2 at ! same "t ! blood is n reg>d$ z suffici5t pigm5t & ! d[n is also color$ r$ & yell[ ) o*re4 ,r$ o*re1 ,sp5c] & ,gill5 rem>k1 is frequ5tly a sub/itute = blood or is us$ ) x4 ,blood is a m$ic9e1 & :5 any "o is ill he is fir/ rubb$ ov] ) r$ o*re1 x be+ obvi\s to ! primitive m9d t ! o*re w %>e ! rem$ial prop]ties ( blood2 9 ! same way c]emonial objects may sometimes be rubb$ ov] ) o*re in/ead ( blood4 ,!y associate ?is r$ o*re especially ) wom5's blood2 & x is said t once "s wom5 aft] long walk+ 7 s exhau/$ t hemorrhage came on & ?is gave rise to deposits ( r$ o*re4 ,o!r r$ o*re pits1 also1 !y attribute to blood :i* fl[$ f wom54 ,x appe>s also t ! blood ) :i* sacr$ implem5ts us$ 9 ! ritual c]emonies ( ^! ,c5tral ,au/ralians 7 sme>$ mu/ be drawn f wom54 ,f> f ,au/ralia1 among ! hill tribes ( ! ,c5tral ,indian hills1 we f9d ! same blood ritual & ! same t5d5cy to sub/itute pigm5ts = blood4 ,among "s ( ! ,b5gal tribes1 says ,crooke1 blood is drawn f ! husb&'s little f+]1 mix$ ) betel & eat5 by ! bride4 ,a fur!r /age is se5 among ! alli$ ,kurmis :o mix ! blood ) lac dye4 ,la/ly come ! rites1 common to all ^! tribes1 9 :i* ! bridegroom1 (t5 9 secrecy1 cov]$ by a %eet1 rubs v]milion on ! p>t+ ( ! girl's hair1 :ile ! wom5 relations sme> _! toes ) lac dye4 ,x is a sacram5tal rite1 & aft] ! husb&'s dea? ! wid[ solemnly wa%es (f ! r$ f h] hair1 or fl+s ! little box 9 :i* %e keeps ! color+ matt] into runn+ wat]4 ,"s ( ! =ego+ facts1 bo? 9 ,au/ralia & ,india1 sugge/ ! transition to ano!r factor 9 ! emotional pot5cy possess$ by r$4 ,r$ is n only ! color ( fire & ( w> & ( ritual pigm5t2 x is ! color ( love4 ,?is is c]ta9ly an anci5t & p[]ful factor 9 ! emotional attitude t[>ds r$4 ,second>y sexual *>act]s1 ev5 among birds1 are (t5 r$2 _m fi%es1 also1 at ! epo* ( ! oviposit %[ a r$ t9t on ! orifice ( ! sexual app>atus2 pat*es ( r$1 sometimes v brilliant1 b only appe>+ :5 ! animal is mature1 are p]haps ! commone/ adornm5ts ( monkeys4 ,9 man ! color ( ! hair & be>d1 ! mo/ conspicu\s ( ! second>y sexual *>act]s1 is mo/ usually br[n1 or "s o!r v>iety ( r$4 ,! lips are crimson1 ! muc\s membrane g5]ally a d>k r$2 ! sc>let ( ! blu%1 among all fair races1 :atev] o!r s\rces x may h1 is always reg>d$ z especially ! ensign ( love4 ,! rose is ! fl[] ( love1 z ! pale lily is ( virtue4 ,?is association is q inapt1 & _m p :o are s5sitive 9 su* matt]s feel t ! lily & _m :ite fl[]s are f> m symbolical ( rapture & voluptu\sness ?an ! rose4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 ! color & n ! sc5t or o!r qualities t has ex]t$ decisive influ5ce on ! *oice ( ! symbol4 ,9 ! ,teutonic symbolism ( f\rte5? c5tury ,europe r$ 0 ! color ( love1 z also1 ) yell[1 x 0 ! favorite color = g>m5ts4 ,9 m mod]n times ?is la/ t5d5cy has surviv$4 ,s>d\ decides1 x is report$1 ! color ( ! dresses to be worn 9 8 plays1 on ! gr\nd t if he did n ! actresses w\ld all we> r$ to attract att5tion to !mselves1 z once occurr$ at ! ,odon4 ,eighte5 hundr$ ye>s e>li]1 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria _h writt53 8,w\ld x 7 possible to aboli% purple 9 dress1 s z n to turn ! eyes ( ! spectators on ! faces ( ^? t we> x60 ,he proce$s to lam5t t wom5 make all _! g>m5ts ( purple 7! classic purple 0 really a r$7 9 ord] to inflame lu/--^? #8/upid & luxuri\s purples' :i* h caus$ ,tyre & ,sidon & ! ,lac$monian ,sea to be s mu* 9 dem& = _! purple fi%es4 ,simil> ph5om5a are not$ on ! o!r side ( ! _w4 ,?us ! ,japanese1 z ! ,rev4 ,walt] ,we/on in=ms u1 h a prov]b3 #8,love flies ) a r$ petticoat4' ,m>ri$ wom5 are n !re suppos$ to we> r$ petticoats1 = !y are too attractive1 & a m>ri$ woman %\ld be attractive only to h] husb&4 ,! /hetic ,japanese may be ?\ght to be specially s5sitive to color1 b 9 ,africa also1 9 ,loango1 z ,pe*uel-,loes*e m5tions1 pregnant wom5 are =bidd5 to we> r$1 & x w\ld d\btless be possible to f9d _m simil> indications ( ?is feel+ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,we h n[ pass$ 9 review all ! influ5ces :i*1 by =ce ( _! p[]ful attraction or repulsion1 h dur+ c\ntless ages impress$ on man1 & (t5 on 8 ance/ors1 ! /rong & poignant emotions :i* accompany ! s5sation ( ! mo/ vividly & p]si/5tly se5 ( all colors4 ,we f9d evid5ce ( ! reality ( ! influ5ces we h trac$--especially ^? ( fire1 blood & love--9 ,*ri/ian ecclesia/ical symbolism1 accord+ to :i* r$ v>i\sly signifies ard5t love1 burn+ zeal1 en]gy1 c\rage1 cruelty & blood?ir/9ess4 ,to ! antagonism & complexity ( ^! influ5ces we mu/ d\btless attribute ! di/urb+ nature ( ! emotion ar\s$ by ! gr\p ( r$ s5sations & ! fluctuations 9 ! pr$ilection felt t[>ds x4 ,x is at once ! mo/ attractive & ! mo/ repulsive ( colors4 ,to enjoy x we mu/ use x economically4 ,! vision ( poppies on a backgr\nd ( gold5 corn1 ! gl9t ( roses emb[]$ 9 gre5 leaves1 ! sudd5 fla% ( a sc>let fl[] on a s\!rn woman's d>k hair--x is 9 su* visions z ^! t r$ gives u its emotional ?rill altoge!r unt\*$ by pa94 ,if ! #8multitud9\s seas' 7 inde$ #8inc>nad9$' = u 9 #8"o r$1' if ! sky 7 sc>let1 or all vegetation crimson1 ! horror ( ! _w w\ld be pa9ful to contemplate = n]v\s sy/ems m\ld$ to our vision ( nature4 ,our eyes h develop$ 9 a _w :]e ! gre5 & blue rays meet u at e /ep1 & :]e we h 9 consequ5ce be5 almo/ z dull$ to !m z we are to ! weight ( ! atmosph]e t presses 9 on u on e side4 ,x is "u ! cl\d$ skies ( nor!rn l&s t blue is c\nt$ ! lovelie/ ( colors2 x is 9 ! des]t t gre5 becomes supremely beautiful & sacr$4 ,,! ,,exp5diture ,,( ,,! ,,work+ ,,classes,d4 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,higgs4 ,d ,address by ! ,presid5t to ! ,economic ,sci5ce & ,/ati/ics ,section at ! ,dov] meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce4 ,! prime conc]n ( ! economi/ & ( ! /ati/ician is ! condition ( ! p4 ,o!r matt]s :i* engage _! att5tion--p>ticul> problems1 que/ions ( hi/ory1 discussions ( me?od1 developm5ts ( !ory--all d]ive _! ultimate importance f _! be>+ ^u ?is c5tral subject4 ,! /ati/ician measures ! *ang+ ph5om5a ( ! production1 di/ribution & consumption ( weal?1 :i* to a l>ge ext5t reflect & det]m9e ! mat]ial condition ( ! p4 ,! economi/ analyzes ! motives ( ^! ph5om5a1 & endeavors to trace ! connection betwe5 cause & effect4 ,he is unable to pu% 8 analysis f> )\t a firm ma/]y ( ! !ory ( value1 ! p]fect+ ( :i* has be5 ! *ief /ride made by economic sci5ce 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,:5 we read ! #8,weal? ( ,nations' we are =c$ to admit t 9 %e] sagacity ,adam ,smi? is unsurpass$ by any ( 8 successors4 ,x is only :5 we come to 8 imp]fect & unconnect$ views ^u value t we feel ! p[] ( increas$ k4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill suppos$ 9 #ahdh t ! la/ ^w _h be5 said on ! !ory ( value4 ,9 8 ?ird book he writes3 8,9 a /ate ( society 9 :i* ! indu/rial sy/em is entirely f\nd$ on pur*ase & sale 444 ! "q ( value is fundam5tal4 ,almo/ e speculation respect+ ! economical int]e/s ( a society ?us con/itut$ implies "s !ory ( value2 ! smalle/ error on ?is subject infects ) correspond+ error all our o!r conclusions1 & any?+ vague or mi/y 9 our conception ( x creates confusion & unc]ta9ty 9 ev]y?+ else40 ,& he adds3 8,happily1 !re is no?+ 9 ! laws ( value :i* rema9s = ! pres5t or any future writ] to cle> up2 ! !ory ( ! subject is complete40 ,we "k n[ t he 0 wrong4 ,?anks 9 ! ma9 to economi/s /ill alive1 & especially to ! ma!matical economi/s1 we h at l5g? a !ory ( value s =mally exact t1 :atev] may be add$ to x 9 ! future1 "t c take no?+ f x2 :ile x is suffici5tly flexible to l5d itself z well to a rgime ( monopoly z to "o ( competition4 ,yet our confid5ce 9 ?is in/rum5t ( analysis is f> f inspir+ u ) ! assurance :i* has done s mu* to discr$it economics by provok+ its pr(essors to dogmatize ^u problems ) ! :ole facts ( :i* !y 7 imp]fectly acqua9t$4 ,giv5 c]ta9 conditions ( supply & c]ta9 conditions ( dem&1 ! economi/ %\ld h no d\bt z to ! result+ det]m9ation ( value2 b he is m ?an ev] al]t to make sure t he has all ! mat]ial factors ( ! case be=e him2 t he und]/&s ! facts & _! mutual relation be=e he v5tures to pron\nce an op9ion ^u any mix$ "q4 ,he mu/ h ! facts be=e he c analyze !m4 ,a small array ( syllogisms1 :i*1 z ,bacon says1 8ma/] ! ass5t & n ! subject10 are n an adequate equipm5t = him4 ,he sees m & m ! ne$ = c>eful & indu/ri\s inve/igation1 & prom95t among ! subjects :i* await 8 tra9$ obs]vation are ! condition ( ! p & ! relat$ subject ( ! consumption ( weal?4 ,tra9+ is1 inde$1 indisp5sable4 ,e social "q has its purely economic elem5ts = ! skill$ economi/ to unravel1 & :5 ?is "p ( 8 task has be5 a*iev$1 he is at an advantage 9 approa*+ ! o!r p>ts ( x1 :ile 8 habit ( m9d helps him to "k :at to look out = & :at to expect4 ,x is a curi\s p>adox t1 busy+ ourselves z we d ) ! condition ( ! p1 we are lam5tably lack+ 9 precision 9 our k ( ! economic life & /ate ( ! ,briti% p 9 ! pres5t day4 ,political economy has1 h[ev]1 foll[$ ! l9es ( developm5t ( political p[]4 ,at "o "t x 01 z ! ,g]mans say1 cam]ali/ic--an affair ( ! c\ncil *amb]1 a "q ( ! p[] & res\rces ( ! k+4 ,tak+ a wid] b /ill re/rict$ view ( society1 x became capitali/ic1 id5tify+ ! economic int]e/s ( ! community to a too great ext5t ) ^? ( ! capitali/ class4 ,x has at l5g? become frankly democratic1 look+ consci\sly & directly to ! prosp]ity ( ! p at l>ge4 ,?us1 !n1 we h at once a m accurate !ory1 a liveli] s5se ( caution z to its limitations 9 practice1 & ! wide/ possible field ( /udy4 ,s f> z mo/ ( u are conc]n$1 we might z well sp5d our "t 9 v]ify+ ! ready reckon] z 9 trac+ & retrac+ ! l9es ( pure !ory4 ,^! tools are made = use4 ,economic sci5ce is likely to make ! mo/ satisfactory progress if we wat* ! social =ces t surr\nd u1 detect+ ! op]ation ( economic law 9 all its manife/ations1 & 9 obs]v+1 cord9at+ & record+ ! facts ( economic life4 ,x is n en\gh1 to borr[ ! language ( ! biologi/ 7"p ( :i* he himself borr[$ f ! old economi/71 to talk ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ! survival ( ! fitte/ & ( evolution4 ,we want1 above all1 8 _s & 8 me?od--! c>eful1 m9ute1 sy/ematic obs]vation ( life z affect$ by environm5t1 h]$ity & habit4 ,diff]5t problems are br\ght to ! front by diff]5t circum/ances & appeal to diff]5t m9ds2 b at all times & to all economi/s ! condition ( ! p is ( *ief int]e/1 & ! consumption ( weal? is s closely connect$ ) x t x might seem sup]flu\s to plead = its /udy4 ,yet "s su* plea is necess>y4 ,! arts ( production improve apace4 ,! victories ( sci5ce are rapidly utiliz$ by manufactur]s anxi\s to make a =tune4 ,ev5 "h ! descriptive /udy ( ! subject is hamp]$ by ! trade secrets involv$ 9 _m processes1 & by a feel+ t production may safely be left to ! unre/+ intellig5ce ( capta9s ( indu/ry1 s t ! onlook] is *iefly conc]n$ 9 ?is bran* ( ! subject ) solicitude = ! heal? & safety ( ! workm5 employ$4 ,! dep>tm5ts ( di/ribution & ex*ange appeal especially to ! pride ( intellect4 ,! delicate !orems ( value 9 all _! bran*es--wages1 r5t1 int]e/1 pr(its1 ! problems ( taxation1 ! allur+ /udy ( curr5cy1 ! me*anism ( bank+ & ex*ange--h attract$ ! greate/ %>e ( ! economi/'s att5tion4 ,on ! practical side ( di/ribution ! gr[? ( trade unions1 ! spread ( education1 ! improv$ /&>d ( liv+1 h increas$ ! b>ga9+ p[] ( ! work+ classes & comb9$ ) o!r causes to effect a gratify+ improvem5t 9 ! di/ribution ( weal?1 s t !y receive a gr[+ %>e ( ! gr[+ national divid5d4 ,! practical & ! speculative aspects alike ( ! consumption ( weal? h receiv$ less consid]ation4 ,nobody sees 8 way to a =tune ?r\gh ! spread ( m k ( dome/ic economy 9 workm5's homes2 & ! sci5tific obs]v] has curb$ 8 curiosity be=e :at might seem an inquisitorial inve/igation into ! "q1 :at becomes ( wages8 ,economi/s long ago discov]$ ! necessity ( di/+ui%+ betwe5 money wages & real wages4 ,x is n[ necess>y = u to di/+ui% betwe5 real wages & utilities--n to /op at ! fact t s _m %ill+s a week might procure su* & su* necess>ies1 com=ts1 or luxuries1 b to asc]ta9 h[ !y are exp5d$4 ,f ! fir/ we c d$uce :at ! economic condition ( ! p might be2 f ! second we %all "k :at x is4 ,& :5 we "k :at x is we %all see m cle>ly :at ) m wisdom x might become4 ,weal?1 aft] all1 is a means to an end4 ,x is n en\gh to maximize weal?2 we mu/ /rive to maximize utilities4 ,& we c no m judge ( ! condition ( a p f its receipts alone1 ?an we c judge ( ! f9ancial condition ( a nation f a m]e /atem5t ( its rev5ues4 ,! condition ( ! p has1 ( c\rse1 improv$1 & is improv+4 ,public hygi5e has made great progress1 & h\ses are bett] & m sanit>y1 ?\gh = ?is & o!r reasons r5ts h ris54 ,wages are high]4 ,commodities are *eap]4 ,cop]ation & ! bett] organization ( retail bus9ess1 giv+ no cr$it1 h sav$ "s ( ! pr(its ( middlem5 = ! b5efit ( ! consum]1 :ile au?ority fights )\t ceas+ aga9/ frauds 9 weights & measures1 & adult]ation4 ,free libr>ies1 museums1 picture gall]ies1 p>ks1 public g>d5s & prom5ades h multipli$1 & x is almo/ suffici5t to obs]ve t no "o seems to be too poor to comm& ! use ( a bicycle4 ,b ) all ?is progress x is to be fe>$ t h\sekeep+ is no bett] und]/ood ?an x 0 two c5turies ago--p]haps n ev5 s well4 ,9 ! int]val x has become enorm\sly simplifi$4 ,! complete h\sewife is no long] a brew]1 a bak]1 a dy]1 a tailor & a ho/ ( o!r speciali/s roll$ into "o4 ,b among ! work+ classes ! adv5t ( ! factory sy/em has increas$ ! employm5t ( wom5 & girls away f home to su* an ext5t t _m ( !m n[ m>ry ) a m9imum ( dome/ic exp]i5ce1 & are ) ! be/ int5tions ! innoc5t ag5ts ( ineffici5cy & wa/e1 ev5 9 ?is simplifi$ h\sehold4 ,if we 7 sudd5ly swall[$ up by ! ocean1 x appe>s probable t ! =eign /ud5t w\ld f9d x easi] to describe f exi/+ docum5ts ! life & home ( ! ,briti% craftsman 9 ! middle ages ?an ( 8 desc5dant ( to-day4 ,9 "p1 no d\bt1 our fiscal sy/em1 ) its few taxes ^u articles ( food & its light pressure on ! work+ classes1 is responsible = ?is neglect4 ,dur+ ! ,napoleonic w> ,pitt s5t = ,ar?ur ,"y to ask him :at 7 ! ord9>y & necess>y exp5ses ( a workman's family1 & ! "q w\ld aga9 become "o ( practical politics if any l>ge addition 7 requir$ 9 ! proce$s ( indirect taxation4 ,taxation has ! "o advantage ( provid+ u ) /ati/ics4 ,we "k tol]ably well ! facts 9 ! mass ab\t ! consumption ( tea & c(fee1 dri$ fruits & tobacco1 & ( alcohol1 :ile ! income tax 7aid$ 9 ! ne> future by returns ( ! dea? duties7 may give u "s idea ( ! /ratification ( ! weal?i] classes4 ,b ! details ( consumption are /ill obscure4 ,x has already be5 sugge/$ t "s re/ra9t may arise f ! s5tim5t t individuals are likely to res5t :at !y may reg>d z a pry+ into _! affairs4 ,b :5 we travel abroad we are curi\s to notice1 & d notice )\t giv+ (f5ce1 ! dress1 ! habits & ! food ( peasants & workm52 & x is difficult to resi/ ! conclusion t we are less obs]vant at home because ^! common & trivial details appe> to u unwor?y ( att5tion4 ,9 8 #8,pr9ciples ( ,economics' ,pr(essor ,m>%all says3 8,p]haps #ajj1jjj1jjj annually are sp5t1 ev5 by ! work+ classes1 & #djj1jjj1jjj by ! re/ ( ! population ( ,engl&1 9 ways t d little or no?+ t[>ds mak+ life nobl] or truly happi]40 ,&1 aga91 speak+ be=e ! ,royal ,/ati/ical ,society 9 #ahic3 8,some?+ l ! :ole imp]ial rev5ue1 say #ajj millions a ye>1 might be sav$ if a suffici5t numb] ( able wom5 w5t ab\t ! c\ntry & induc$ ! o!r wom5 to manage _! h\seholds z !y did !mselves40 ,^! figures %[1 at any rate1 ! possibilities ( greatness 9 ! economic progress :i* may result f att5tion to ! humble/ details ( dome/ic life4 ,economics1 l o!r sci5ces1 lies "u a great debt ( obligation to ,fr5* pione]s4 ,! physiocrats1 or conomi/es1 ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 7 ! fir/ s*ool ( writ]s to make x wor?y ( ! "n ( a sci5ce4 ,9 ,c\rnot1 ,france gave u a giant ( orig9ality 9 pure !ory4 ,9 ,comte1 we h a philosoph] fruitful 9 sugge/ion to ! n>r[] economi/4 ,9 ,le ,play1 we h a writ] z yet little kn[n 9 ,engl&1 b to :om recognition & respect are gradually com+ = 8 e>ly p]ception ( ! importance ( asc]ta9+ ! facts ( consumption1 & x is to ,le ,play's #8family budgets1' ! receipts & exp5ses ( workm5's families1 t ,i desire especially to call att5tion4 ,i h giv5 else:]e an acc\nt ( 8 life & "w4,e ,broadly speak+1 he sets himself by ! comp>ative /udy ( workm5's families 9 diff]5t c\ntries ( ,europe to arrive at ! causes ( well-be+ & ( mis]y among ! labor+ classes4 ,! subject 0 too l>ge to lead him 9 _m directions to v precise conclusions4 ,we are rem9d$ 9 read+ him ( an incid5t at a d9n] ( ! ,political ,economy ,club 9 #ahgf1 :5 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,l[e prop\nd$ ! "q3 8,:at are ! m important results :i* h foll[$ f ! publication ( ! #8,weal? ( ,nations' j "o hundr$ ye>s ago80 ,"s ( ! mo/ en?usia/ic admir]s ( ,adam ,smi? 7 pres5t1 ,mr4 ,glad/one & ,m4 ,lon ,say among ! numb]2 & ,mr4 ,l[e tr5*antly decl>$ t x all came to ?is3 8,! causes ( weal? are two1 indu/ry & ?rift2 ! causes ( pov]ty are two1 idl5ess & wa/e40 ,x 0 left to ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,=/] to make ! rugg$ rem>k3 8,y don't want to g to ,adam ,smi? = t--y c get t out ( ! ,prov]bs ( ,solomon40 ,& ,le ,play's conclusions frequ5tly g /ill fur!r back1 to ! ,decalogue4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 _m obs]vations1 sugge/ive & orig9al1 ^u ! mat]ial facts1 ! economic life1 ( ! families he br\ght "u review4 ,& we are n[ conc]n$ r ) 8 me?od ?an ) 8 conclusions4 ,giv5 half a doz5 ,le ,plays apply+ _! m9ds to ! /udy ( ! consumption ( weal? among ! work+ classes ( ,engl&1 we might expect soon to see a great] advance 9 com=t1 a great] rise 9 ! /&>d ( life1 ?an improv$ arts ( production alone are likely to yield 9 a g5]ation4 ,c]ta9 ,engli% writ]s _h1 inde$1 prep>$ family budgets be=e ,le ,play arose4 ,b _! me?od 0 usually incomplete except = ! specific purpose !y _h be=e !m4 ,david ,davies & ,sir ,f4 ,ed5 7 *iefly conc]n$ ) ! poor law1 ,ar?ur ,"y & ,cobbett ) agricultural politics1 ,dudley ,baxt] & ,leone ,levi ) taxation4 ,le ,play may fairly be call$ ! fa!r ( ! sci5tific family budget4 ,8 /udies ( f\r ,engli% families,f are ! mo/ complete economic pictures ( ,engli% popul> life to be f\nd 9 lit]ature4 ,) ! aid ( "s local au?ority he *ose :at 0 ?\ght a fairly typical family1 & !n1 frankly expla9+ 8 sci5tific object & secur+ confid5ce1 he set himself to /udy x4 ,no?+ ( economic int]e/ is too unimportant = him to record4 ,a m9ute inv5tory & valuation ( clo!s1 furniture & h\sehold goods2 a detail$ acc\nt1 item by item1 ( income f all s\rces & ( exp5diture ^u all objects = a ye>1 ) ! quantities & prices ( foods1 c42 a description ( ! family1 memb] by memb]1 _! pa/ hi/ory1 _! environm5t1 h[ !y came to be :]e !y are & to e>n _! liv+ z !y d2 _! res\rces 9 ! pres5t1 _! provision = ! future2 _! meals1 hygi5e & recreations2 _! social1 moral1 political & religi\s obs]vances--no?+ escapes him4 ,& ! :ole is organiz$1 classifi$1 fitt$ into a framework id5tical = all cases1 ) ! pa9/ak+ & me?odical indu/ry ( ! naturali/4 ,contra/$ ) ?is ! realism ( noveli/s1 ! occasional excursions ( j\rnali/s1 ! obs]vations ( pr(ess$ economi/s1 are pitiably incomplete4 ,z e>ly z #aheg ,le ,play f\nd "o ard5t admir] 9 ,engl&1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,s>gant1 ^: 8,economy ( ! ,labor+ ,classes10 av[$ly inspir$ by ,le ,play1 is a valuable & int]e/+ piece ( "w4 ,s9ce !n1 h[ev]1 ) ! magnific5t exception ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,boo?1 little has be5 done to ?r[ light ^u ! mode ( life ( ! wage-e>n]s ( ,engl&4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,trade h]ald$ ! =mation ( its ,labor ,dep>tm5t by issu+ a blue book--unhappily )\t sequel--entitl$ 8,returns ( ,exp5diture by ,work+ ,m510 9 #ahhi1 & ! ,economic ,club has publi%$ a useful collection ( /udies 9 #8,family ,budgets1' #ahif4 ,b we %all probably /ill dep5d v mu* ^u =eign obs]v]s = full] k ( ! subject4 ,m4 ,r5 ,lavolle1 an adh]5t :o may almo/ be call$ a colleague ( ,le ,play1 has devot$ to ,engl& a :ole volume ( 8 important "w #8,les ,classes ,ouvrires en ,europe3 tudes sur leur situation matrielle et morale4',g ,m4 ,urba9 ,gur91 ano!r memb] ( ! ,socit d',economie ,sociale1 f\nd$ by ,le ,play to c>ry on 8 "w1 has rec5tly add$ a /udy ( a tann]'s family 9 ,nott+ham to ,le ,play's gall]y ( portraits2 & "s ( ! "y memb]s ( ! ,muse ,social & ! ,ecole ,libre des ,sci5ces ,politiques h come among u animat$ ) ! same sci5tific curiosity4 ,a vivid 7&1 s f> z ,newca/le is conc]n$1 a tru/wor?y7 sket* by a ,g]man m9]1 8,h[ ! ,engli% ,workman ,lives10 j translat$ into ,engli%1 is our late/ debt to =eign obs]v]s4 ,x may be hop$ t ! ,briti% ,association1 l>gely att5d$ z x is by p]sons :o w\ld %r9k f m ambiti\s sci5tific labors1 w furni% "s work]s ready to d _! c\ntry ! v real s]vice ( record+ su* facts z !y c collect ab\t ! economic habits ( our own p1 & s help+ u to "k ourselves4 ,e ,h>v>d ,qu>t]ly ,j\rnal ( ,economics1 vol4 iv41 #ahij2 ,j\rnal ( ,royal ,/ati/ical ,society1 ,m>*1 #ahic2 ,palgrave's ,diction>y ( ,political ,economy1 s4 v4 ,le ,play1 #ahif4 ,f ,les ,ouvri]s ,europe5s1 ,p>is1 folio1 #ahee4 ,g ,p>is1 #ahif1 tom4 iii41 #fef pp41 l>ge #hvo4 ,consid]1 = a mom5t1 ! consumption ( food4 ,to ! ord9>y ,engli% workman life w\ld seem un5durable )\t :ite :eat5 bread4 ,o!r =ms ( bread he kn[s !re are1 b he has unreason+ prejudices aga9/ :olemeal bread--! food ( workh\ses & prisons--& aga9/ rye bread or o!r k9ds ( bread1 ! food ( =eign]s4 ,b 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe ! work+ classes h no bread4 ,c]eals ( "s sort1 prep>$ 9 "s way1 !y ( c\rse employ4 ,:eat1 oats1 rye1 b>ley1 maize1 buck:eat1 ev5 *e/nuts1 are us$ indiff]5tly 9 diff]5t places1 & rice & potatoes are among ! sub/itutes4 ,:at is ! relative value ( ^! z food/uffs1 & :at is ! be/ mode ( prep>+ !m8 ,! reasons :i* induc$ m5 9 ! middle ages to consume ! c]eals ( _! own neighborhood h be5 s mu* weak5$ by ! *eap5+ ( transport & ! int]national specialization ( indu/ries1 t ! cons]vatism ( food habits is br\ght into /rong relief :5 we f9d neighbor+ peoples ab&on+1 fir/ 9 t[n & !n 9 c\ntry1 m>k$ di/9ctions ( national co/umes1 b cl++ ev]y:]e to national diff]5ces ( food4 ,we are p]haps on ! eve ( consid]able *anges "h4 ,two ye>s ago an ,am]ican economi/ told me 9 ,bo/on t fruit _h be5 ! great ally ( ! workm5 9 a rec5t sev]e /rike4 ,!re _h be5 an exceptionally l>ge crop ( bananas1 :i* 7 sold at "o c5t apiece1 & ! /rik]s _h su/a9$ !mselves & _! families almo/ entirely ^u bananas at a trifl+ co/--v greatly bel[ _! usual exp5se = food4 ,return+ to ,london ,i f\nd bananas on sale 9 ! /reets = a halfp5ny4 ,no d\bt !y 7 consum$ "h 9 addition to1 & n 9 sub/itution =1 ord9>y food2 b !y illu/rate ! fact t ! foods ( o!r latitudes are no long] ! sole luxury ( ! ri*1 b are br\ght )9 ! rea* ( all classes1 & t our popul> food habits ne$ no long] be made to con=m to ! n>r[ range ( =m] days1 b may be put ^u a wid] rational basis4 ,! veget>ians1 l>gely dep5d5t ^u o!r c\ntries1 h recogniz$ ?is4 ,! *emi/ & ! physiologi/ might give u great assi/ance 9 ^! matt]s4 ,mo/ ( ! calculations :i* ,i h se5 z to ! con/itu5ts ( foods1 _! heat-giv+ & nutritive prop]ties1 appe> to ignore ! great] or less facility ) :i* ! diff]5t foods are assimilat$4 ,x is surpris+ t rice1 9 "s respects ! mo/ economical ( all gra9s1 ne$+ no mill+1 easily cook$ & easily dige/$1 is n m l>gely consum$ by ! poor] families 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! effect ^u our food habits ( ! introduction ( railways & ! supply ( comp>atively *eap fuel to e h\sehold is almo/ incalculable4 ,b = ?is ! consumption ( tea1 p]haps ev5 ( potatoes :]e !re is no peat1 w\ld be v small4 ,! pref]5ce ( ! ,fr5* = liquid1 & ( ! ,engli% = solid1 food1 has be5 attribut$ to ! great] relative facilities :i* ! ,fr5* once enjoy$ = mak+ a fire1 ?\gh ! p]si/5ce 7if n ! orig97 ( our popul> habits 9 ?is respect probably lies r 9 ! fact t a ,fr5*woman's cook]y makes great] dem&s ^u h] "t & att5tion4 ,"o result ( ?is pref]5ce is t ! ess5tial juices ( meat pres]v$ by ! ,fr5* 9 s\ps & rag\ts are ) u to a l>ge ext5t absolutely wa/$4 ,own]s ( small h\se prop]ties compla9 t1 h[ev] well trapp$ _! s9ks may be1 ! pipes are con/antly *ok$1 & t ! my/]i\s mis*ief is almo/ inv>iably cur$ by lib]al doses ( boil+ wat]1 :i* melt ! solidifi$ fats ca/ away 9 a /ate ( solution4 ,! numb] ( p]sons :o di$ ( />vation 9 ! adm9i/rative c\nty ( ,london 9 #ahih1 or ^: dea? 0 accel]at$ by privation1 am\nt$ to #dh2 & we %all be pretty safe 9 e/imat+ ! total numb] 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom at some?+ less ?an #ejj4 ,! common & inevitable reflection is t !y might h be5 easily reliev$ f ! sup]fluities ( ! ri*2 b x is true also t _! suffici5t su/5ance 0 de/roy$ _m times ov] ?r\gh ! ignorance ( ! poor4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d an ,engli% cook]y book :i* a workman's wife w\ld n reject z too fanciful & ambiti\s to be practical4 ,a little ,fr5* treatise1 #8,la p>faite ,cuis9ire1 ou l',art d'utilis] les ,re/es1' /rikes 9 its title1 at any rate1 ! keynote ( ! popul> dome/ic economy ( :i* we /& mu* 9 ne$ 9 ,engl&4 ,h\sekeep+1 ev5 ! humble/1 is a skill$ bus9ess4 ,to "k :at to buy1 h[ to use x & h[ to utilize wa/e does n come by ! light ( nature4 ,if m k & m imag9ation 7 devot$ to ! tea*+ ( cook]y 9 our bo>d s*ools1 ! family meal might be made m v>i$1 m appetiz+1 m attractive & m economical1 leav+ a l>g] m>g9 = ! com=ts1 culture & recreations :i* help to develop ! be/ social qualities4 ,a happy family is a family ( good citiz5s4 ,x w\ld be disc\rte\s to ano!r section ( ?is ,association to quote )\t res]ve ! mot ( ,brillat-,sav>93 8,he :o discov]s a new di% does m = ! happ9ess ( mank9d ?an he :o discov]s a new planet40 ,we mu/ /ipulate t ! new di% effects an improvem5t 9 ! economy ( ! work+ classes4 ,take1 aga91 ! consumption ( coal4 ,mr4 ,s>gant says1 8,x is impossible to say h[ mu* ( ! sup]iority ( ,engli% heal? & longevity is ow+ to ! use ( op5 fireplaces02 probably a consid]able "p is ow+ to x4 ,we all "k h[ close & /ifl+ is ! atmosph]e ( a room heat$ by a /ove1 & h[ mu* m difficult x is to keep a room p]fectly v5tilat$ 9 summ] ?an x is 9 w9t]1 :5 ! fire is con/antly *ang+ ! air4 ,x may be true t ?ree f\r?s ( ! heat ( our fireplaces passes up ! *imney & is lo/ to u2 b we ga9 f> m advantage by ! fre% air con/antly introduc$ into ! room4 ,n[1 ) improv$ grates & improv$ fireplaces we may reta9 all ! advantages ( ! op5 fire )\t s great a wa/e ei!r ( ! sub/ance ( ! consum] or ( ! national /ock ( coal2 & att5tion is already be+ devot$ to ?is fact 9 middle-class h\seholds1 b "s "t mu/ yet elapse be=e ! advantage is reap$ by ! work+ classes4 ,at a =m] meet+ ( ?is ,association ,mr4 ,edw>d ,atk9son exhibit$ a portable ov5 or cook+-/ove1 :i* 0 a m>vel ( simplicity & economy4 ,he has describ$ x at l5g? 9 8 #8,sci5ce ( ,nutrition1' #ahib4 ,he argues t ! attempts to comb9e cook+ ) ! w>m+ ( a room or h\se are absurdly wa/eful2 t almo/ ! :ole ( ! fuel us$ 9 cook+ is wa/$2 & t n9e t5?s ( ! "t devot$ to wat*+ ! process ( cook+ is wa/$2 & he e/imates ! wa/e ( food f bad cook+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates at #a1jjj1jjj1jjj a ye>4 ,i h n1 h[ev]1 he>d ( 8 ov5 be+ at all ext5sively us$4 ,^u ! ?orny subject ( dress x is p]il\s to v5ture2 b x is impossible to be 9 ! neighborhood ( a ,london p>k on a ,sunday aft]noon )\t feel+ t ! ef=ts ( dome/ic s]vants to foll[ ! rapidly *ang+ vag>ies ( fa%ion are c>ri$ to a p]nici\s degree ( wa/e4 ,! bl\se ( ! ,fr5* workman & ! b>e head ( ! ,p>isian factory-girl or fl[]-girl are inf9itely m pleas+ ?an ! soil$ & fr[sy wool5s or ! d[dy hats ( _! ,engli% fell[s1 nor does ! diff]5ce ( climate af=d an adequate explanation ( ! diff]5ce ( habit4 ,we mu/ p]haps admit a great] dislike 9 ,engl& to any ext]nal indication ( a diff]5ce 9 weal? by a co/ume diff]5t 9 k9d4 ,m4 ,lavolle1 aft] ref]r+ to ! l[ price ( ! ready-made suits :i* ! ,engli% factories 8fl+ by ! million on ! m>kets ( ! _w1 includ+ _! own10 adds3 8,?is extraord9>y *eapness is1 h[ev]1 n always )\t inconv5i5ce to ! consum]4 ,if ! clo!s he buys co/ little1 !y are n la/+1 & _! r5ewal becomes 9 ! long run v burd5some4 ,?is r5ewal is1 too1 ! m frequ5t 9 t ! wife ( ! ,engli% workman is 9 g5]al f> f skillful 9 sew+ & m5d+4 ,:e!r %e lacks incl9ation1 or ! necess>y tra9+1 or :e!r ! fatigues ( a too frequ5t mat]nity make h] rle z a h\sewife too difficult = h] to support1 ! woman ( ! p is g5]ally1 on ! o!r side ( ! ,*annel1 a r poor cook1 an indiff]5t ne$le-woman & a /ill m indiff]5t h& at repairs40 ,z a consequ5ce1 he says1 ! ,engli% workman has (t5 no alt]native b to we> 8 g>m5ts 9 holes or to replace !m by o!rs4 ,giv5 an equal income1 !re is probably no d\bt t a ,fr5* work+-class family w be bett] f$ & bett] clad ?an a correspond+ ,engli% family deal+ 9 ! same m>ket1 & w lay up a l>g] /ock ( ! h\sehold goods1 & especially l951 :i* are ! pride ( ! ,fr5* peasant4 ,! wa/e result+ f ! immod]ate use ( alcohol & f ! widespread habit ( bett+1 s]i\s z x is1 ne$ n deta9 me1 z ,i wi% to conf9e myself m p>ticul>ly to wa/e :i* c h>dly be call$ int5tional4 ,x is n sugge/$ t e man %\ld conf9e 8 exp5diture to :at is /rictly necess>y to ma9ta9 8 social position4 ,! great ,g]man writ] on f9ance1 ,pr(essor ,wagn]1 is accu/om$ to say t 8p>simony is n a pr9ciple40 ,x is sometimes1 inde$1 a bad policy & a wa/eful policy2 & life w\ld be a v dull bus9ess if its monotony 7 n reliev$ by amusem5t & v>iety1 ev5 at ! occasional exp5se ( ?rift4 ,le ,play ref]s to tobacco z 8! mo/ economical ( all recreations40 ,h[ else1 he asks1 c\ld ! ,h>tz m9] 8give himself an agreeable s5sation0 a ?\s& times 9 a ye> at s l[ a co/ z #aj francs8 ,b nobody w\ld wi% to see a free man us+ 8 tobacco l ! ,russian prison]s describ$ to me by ,pr9ce ,krapotk91 z *ew+ x1 dry+ & smok+ x1 & f9ally snuff+ ! a%es6 ,nor %\ld we desire to eradicate f society ! impulses ( hospitality1 & ev5 ( a c]ta9 measure ( display4 ,an au/]e & selfi% av>ice1 if g5]ally diffus$1 may /rike at ! v exi/5ce ( a nation4 ,ano!r respect 9 :i* ,fr5* example may be pr(itable to u is ! municipal managem5t ( fun]als 7pompes funbres74 ,_m a /ruggl+ family ( ! work+ classes has be5 s]i\sly crippl$ by laun*+ out into exagg]at$ exp5ses at ! dea? ( "o ( its memb]s1 & especially ( a bread-w9n]4 ,! ,fr5* sy/em1 :ile pres]v+ ! highe/ respect = ! dead1 has "s respect = ! liv+1 :o are frequ5tly unable & unwill+ at a "t ( b]eavem5t to resi/ any sugge/ion = exp5sive display1 :i* seems to !m a la/ tok5 ( affection z well z a pro( ( self-respect4 ,z reg>ds h\s+ ! ,engli% cottage or artisan's h\se is reg>d$ on ! ,cont95t r z a model = imitation ?an z a subject = criticism2 b ! pressure ( population ^u space 9 our l>ge cities1 jo9$ ) a love ( life 9 ! t[n1 may possibly prove too /rong = ! individuali/'s desire = a h\se to himself4 ,if we %\ld be driv5 to :at ,mrs4 ,leon>d ,c\rtney has propos$ to call ,associat$ ,homes1 ! familli/re f\nd$ by ,m4 ,god9 at ,guise1 & root$ 9 ! idea ( ,f\ri]'s phalan/re w %[ u :at has already be5 a*iev$ 9 ?is direction4 ,dissociat$ f indu/rial ent]prise x might easily become popul> 9 ,engl&4 ,"s ( its collective economies are c]ta9ly des]v+ ( imitation1 & ! exp]i5ce n only ( ! ,cont95t1 b also ( ,am]ica1 may soon br+ u face to face ) ! "q :e!r ! prep>ation ( d9n]s1 9 l>ge t[ns1 %\ld n--at lea/ = ! work+ classes--be left to ! outside speciali/ l ! old-home indu/ries ( bak+ & brew+4 ,an excell5t example ( sci5tific obs]vation is #8,les ,maisons types1' by ,m4 de ,foville1 ! well-kn[n ma/] ( ! ,fr5* ,m9t4 ,he describes 9 detail ! v>i\s =ms ( huts1 cottages & h\ses scatt]$ ov] ,france 9 su* a fa%ion t x is said ! travel] 9 a railway tra9 may tell1 by read+ ! book1 ?r\gh :at "p ( ! c\ntry he is pass+2 & he gives ! reasons1 f\nd$ ^u hi/ory or local circum/ances1 = ! peculi>ities 9 ar*itecture to be obs]v$4 ,! book is a useful w>n+ aga9/ ra% g5]alizations z to ! be/ type ( h\se = a work+ man4 ,a well-in=m$ writ] %[s1 9 a rec5t article 9 ! #8,times1' t n less ?an ab\t fifty million gallons ( wat] a day might be sav$ 9 ,london1 8)\t )draw+ a drop f any legitimate purpose1 public or private1 includ+ ! wat]+ ( plants40 ,he says3 8,! detection ( wa/e is c>ri$ out by means ( met]s plac$ on ! ma9s1 :i* record automatically ! quantity ( wat] pass+ h\r by h\r ?r\gh\t ! day & night4 ,! :ole area s]v$ by a giv5 wat] supply is mapp$ out into small di/ricts1 ea* ( :i* is controll$ by "o ( ^! detective met]s4 ,! *>t trac$ by ! app>atus %[s precisely h[ mu* wat] is us$ 9 ea* ( ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,x records 9 a graphic =m & ) s+ul> fidelity ! daily life ( ! p4 ,x %[s :5 !y get up 9 ! morn+1 :5 !y g to b$ at night1 :5 !y wa% ! tea-?+s1 ! *ildr5 & ! clo!s2 x %[s 9 a suburban di/rict :5 ! head ( ! h\sehold comes f ! city & />ts wat]+ 8 fl[]s2 x %[s :5 ! wat]+-c>t goes r\nd2 b1 above all1 x %[s :5 ! wat] is runn+ away to wa/e1 & h[ mu*40 ,i quote ?is n to multiply examples ( ! wa/e ( weal?1 b to illu/rate ! insight :i* a few figures1 su* z ^? record$ by ?is met]1 give u into ! lives ( ! p4 ,h[ mu* m does ! acc\nt-book1 a detective met] ( e economic action1 give u an animat$ photograph ( ! family life4 ,no?+ is s calculat$ to /imulate social sympa?y or to sugge/ que/ions = consid]ation4 ,l a doctor's notes ( 8 pati5ts ! facts are n = publication 9 any =m :i* w reveal ! id5tity ( ! subject2 b :5 we h en\gh ( !m !y w be ( ! highe/ sci5tific value4 ,we h at pres5t too few to (f] any useful g5]alizations4 ,all t c be done is to s]ve z a f+]-po/ to po9t ! road along :i* !re is "w to be done4 ,if no?+ has be5 said ab\t ! wa/e & extravagance ( ! weal?i] classes1 x is because economy is ) !m ( less mom5t4 ,!y suff] little or no privation f extravagance1 & d]ive less advantage f *eck+ x ?an ^? to :om e little is a help4 ,& s f> z mu* ( ?is wa/e is conc]n$1 !y s9 aga9/ ! light4 ,x is "o ?+ to po9t out a m excell5t way to ! unw>y1 ano!r to prea* to ^? :o1 see+ ! bett]1 foll[ ! worse4 ,b ! exp5diture ( ! work+ classes is also1 f a sci5tific po9t ( view1 va/ly m important4 ,_! exp5ses are m uni=m1 less di/urb$ by fantasy1 or hospitality1 or exp5sive travel1 & w give u m insight into ! hi!rto inscrutable laws ( dem&4 ,! "t is f> remov$ :5 any r$uction 9 ! co/ ( liv+ c\ld be successfully made ! pretext = a r$uction 9 ! rate ( wages4 ,! ,committee on ! ,ag$ ,des]v+ ,poor recomm5ds "u c]ta9 conditions p5sions v>y+ ) ! #8co/ ( liv+ 9 ! locality4' ,! same factor1 we are told1 ent]s into ! adju/m5t ( po/m5's wages z betwe5 t[n & t[n4 ,h[ are we to "k ! comp>ative co/ ( liv+ )\t ^! details ( exp5diture8 ,h[ else c we measure ) any exactness ! progress ( civilization itself8 ,h[ else c we discov] ! cohesive =ce ( ! family 9 hold+ toge!r ! /ructure ( society1 ! mutual succor ( "y & old1 ! /rong & ! infirm or sick1 ! well-to-d & ! victim ( accid5t or ill-luck8 ,to :at dep>tm5t soev] ( economic life we turn our eyes we f9d live m5 & wom51 born into families1 liv+ 9 families1 _! social happ9ess & effici5cy l>gely dep5d5t on _! family lives1 & :5 we consid] h[ greatly our k & insight into society w be increas$ by a m intimate acqua9tance ) ! economics ( ! family1 we may well *]i% ! highe/ hopes = ! future progress ( our sci5ce4 ,! !ory ( ?is subject1 at any rate1 is n #8complete4' ,x has n ev5 be5 begun4 ,^u c]ta9 aspects ( ! sp5d+ or us+ ( weal? z oppos$ to ! gett+ ( weal?1 l ! exp5diture ( c5tral & local gov]nm5ts1 x w\ld h>dly be prop] = me to enl>ge4 ,! fir/ is subject to ! wat*ful control ( ! tax-pay]1 ( ,p>liam5t1 & ( a highly tra9$ civil s]vice2 ! second to ! jeal\s criticism ( ! rate-pay] & 8 repres5tative4 ,b !re is "s social exp5diture1 l ! sc&al\s multiplication ( adv]tisem5ts 7:i* by a ref9em5t ( cruelty gives u no re/ night or day71 :i* is wick$ to a degree4 ,9 all ^! matt]s ( ! consumption ( weal?1 individually & collectively1 we are z yet1 x mu/ be aga9 repeat$1 too ignorant ( ! facts4 ,an unimag9ative p z we are1 we are =tunately fond en\gh ( travel to h sugge/ions con/antly =c$ ^u u by ! diff]5t exp]i5ces & habits ( =eign c\ntries4 ,& we are happy 9 a neighbor l ,france1 ) h] lit]>y & social *>ms & graces1 h] sci5tific lucidity & inv5tiv5ess1 & ! contra/s ( h] social g5ius to inspire comp>isons1 & 9 _m respects to set u examples4 ,i h s+l$ out "o ( h] _m writ]s = att5tion1 precisely because ( ?is quality ( sugge/iv5ess4 ,o!r inve/igators h1 ( c\rse1 attack$ ! subject4 ,9 ,belgium & ,switz]l&1 ,g]many1 ,italy & ,au/ria1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 gov]nm5ts & individuals h rec5tly und]tak5 ! prep>ation ( family budgets2 b 9 _m respects ,le ,play's monographs are ! fir/ & greate/ ( all4 ,!y yield excell5t mat]ial1 ^u :i* sci5ce1 9 its v>i\s bran*es1 has yet to d "w :i* w b5efit mank9d 9 g5]al2 & promises especially to b5efit ! p ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! cosmopolitan attitude ( ! old] economi/s 0 l>gely due to _! c5t]+ _! att5tion ^u ! problems ( ex*ange4 ,to !m ! globe 0 peopl$ by m5 l ourselves1 produc+ ! fruits ( ! e>?1 anxi\s to ex*ange !m to ! greate/ mutual advantage1 b h9d]$ f do+ s by ! p]v]sity ( national gov]nm5ts4 ,! facts ( consumption1 at any rate1 are local4 ,!y are (t5 det]m9$ by geology1 geography1 climate & occupation2 &1 h[ev] fully we may admit ! economic solid>ity ( ! _w1 & ! advantage :i* "o "p ( x d]ives f ! prosp]ity ( ano!r1 yet we may be easily =giv5 = ?9k+ t our fir/ duty lies to our own bre?r52 t our natural "w is t :i* lies at our own doors2 t1 z ! old prov]b says1 #8! sk9 is ne>] ?an ! %irt4' ,& we may fairly be excus$ if we attempt to make our contribution to ! welf>e ( ! human family ?r\gh ! improvem5t ( ! consumption ( weal? & ! condition ( ! p 9 our own l&4 ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,! ,,tropics4 ,,by ,,dr4 ,,geo4 ,g4 ,,gr(f1 ,,late ,,major ,u4 ,s4 ,v41 ,,act+ ,,commission] ,,( ,,education1 ,,porto ,,rico4 ,! mo/ beautiful & ! mo/ fruitful portions ( ! e>? are at ! pres5t "t 9 ! possession ( p>tially civiliz$1 or b>b>\s & savage races1 to ! exclusion ( ! m enlight5$ ,caucasian4 ,%all he ev] rema9 unable to possess & occupy tropical l&s to ! exclusion ( d>k-sk9n$ & inf]ior races8 ,w ! "t nev] come :5 he c re> a family ( /rong & vigor\s *ildr51 ( pure blood1 "u ! equatorial sun8 ,is x true t ! :ite man remov+ to ! ,tropics necess>ily det]iorates8 ,! almo/ univ]sal belief is t ^! que/ions mu/ be answ]$ 9 ! affirmative4 ,t1 ow+ to ! great heat1 & to evil influ5ces op]at+ ?r\gh ! air1 ! wat] & ! soil1 x w always be impossible = :ite p to live 9 hot c\ntries p]man5tly1 &1 at ! same "t1 to reta9 ! physical vigor ( temp]ate latitudes1 & to re> heal?y *ildr54 ,b ^! p]sons d n take into acc\nt c]ta9 rec5t great discov]ies 9 ! doma9 ( sci5ce1 m$ic9e & hygi5e4 ,9 ! light ( ^! discov]ies1 x is n wise to say t ! :ite man w nev] conqu] ! ,tropics4 ,:ite races h1 9 ! pa/1 rea*$ a high degree ( civilization 9 hot c\ntries4 ,egypt1 :]e ! fir/ civilization arose1 is a l& ( tropical heat4 ,! valley ( ! ,euphrates1 :]e arose ! civilization ( ,babylon1 & mu* ( ,p]sia1 are bo? tropical or sub-tropical 9 temp]ature4 ,! p ( ,egypt1 ,babylon & ,p]sia 7 :ite4 ,x w\ld seem t to orig9ate a civilization is m difficult ?an to ma9ta9 x4 ,_m c\ntries1 n[ mo/ salubri\s1 7 once consid]$ v unheal?ful4 ,heal? conditions 7 s bad 9 ,engl&1 aft] ! )drawal ( ! ,romans1 t = ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s !re 0 absolutely no increase 9 ! population1 & ! mo/ dismal acc\nts ( ! reign ( disease h come d[n to our times4 ,:at 0 true 9 ,engl&1 0 9 great "p true ( all ( ,europe ?r\gh\t ! ,d>k ,ages4 ,scurvy1 rheumatism1 fev]s & plagues held high c>nival 9 recurr+ epidemics e few ye>s4 ,if we c believe ! reports1 x 0 fully z dang]\s !n to dwell 9 ! mo/ favorable portion ( ,europe z x is n[ 9 ! mo/ dread$ tropical regions4 ,new ,engl& 0 at fir/ ?\ght to be a v unheal?ful l&4 ,! e>ly settl]s 9 ,massa*usetts wrote to _! fri5ds 9 ,engl& implor+ %ipm5ts ( ale & be]1 because ! wat] 0 #8:olly unfit to dr9k'4 ,:at held conc]n+ ,new ,engl& 0 d\btless ma9ta9$ ab\t e o!r portion ( ! ,cont95t settl$ by ! ,engli%1 &1 9 "s cases1 ^! views prevail$ until rec5t times4 ,x is well kn[n t our ance/ors ?\ght x w\ld nev] be possible = :ite p1 or1 inde$1 = any p1 to live on ! treeless prairies ( ! great ,we/4 ,! e>lie/ settl]s always occupi$ ! wood$ belts1 & only sev5ty ye>s ago ! prairies1 :i* n[ su/a9 millions ( happy & heal?y :ites1 7 look$ ^u probably 9 mu* ! same way z we reg>d ! pla9s ( ! ,amazon1 ( ! ,or9oco1 or ev5 ! ,sah>a ( ,africa4 ,_m p]sons yet liv+ c recall ! t]rible /ruggles ) disease :i* ! fir/ settl]s pass$ ?r\gh 9 ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri1 & ev5 9 salubri\s ,cali=nia4 ,! e>ly settl]s 9 ^! ,/ates 7 d\btless z sall[1 z cadav]\s look+1 & ) z little prospect ( leav+ vigor\s desc5dants z ! pres5t :ite inhabitants 9 ,cuba1 ,porto ,rico or ! ,philipp9es4 ,! reputations ( ,florida1 ,l\isiana & ,texas 7 no bett]4 ,adults c live )\t det]ioration 9 ! ,tropics4 ,?is has be5 prov5 by ,engli% & ,dut* (fic]s 9 ,india1 ,ceylon1 ,java1 ,sumatra & else:]e4 ,9 ! ,we/ ,indies are m5 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates & f all ! c\ntries ( ,europe1 :o h be5 9 ! isl&s tw5ty1 ?irty1 =ty1 & 9 "s cases ev5 fifty1 ye>s1 :o are to-day ! picture ( good heal?1 active & vigor\s 9 _! "w4 ,! same is true 9 all p>ts ( ! tropical _w4 ,adults c live 9 good heal? !re4 ,*ildr5 born 9 ! ,tropics1 if educat$ 9 temp]ate latitudes1 c return to ! ,tropics1 & ?is c cont9ue indef9itely 9 ! same families )\t det]ioration4 ,?is has be5 f\nd true 9 ,india1 ,java1 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s & 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,x has be5 assum$1 h]et(ore1 t ! brac+ climate ( ! nor?-l&s has produc$ vigor\s con/itutions 9 ! *ildr5 s5t f ! ,tropics4 ,t ?is 0 ( "s value w n be d5i$1 b x is insi/$ t ( great] value is ! education 9 ! high] ideals ( ! temp]ate latitudes4 ,9 ! ,tropics1 ideas ( morality1 ( sanitation1 ( correct liv+1 are v crude4 ,a *ild born & re>$ 9 ! mid/ ( l[ ideals unconsci\sly absorbs !m1 & assimilates readily ) ! population ar\nd him4 ,! ,spani% idea t ev]yone born 9 a tropical colony is necess>ily a #8deg5]ate' is practically true1 if he is also re>$ among #8deg5]ates4' ,! cu/om :i* exi/s 9 ^! colonies ( giv+ ea* *ild born a #8deg5]ate' native *ild z a companion & playfell[1 only makes m sure ! outcome4 ,isolat$ families exi/ 9 ,cuba & ,porto ,rico1 :]e1 high ideals hav+ be5 ma9ta9$ & inculcat$ 9 ! *ildr51 we n[ f9d vigor\s desc5dants to ! ?ird & f\r? g5]ations4 ,!re are _m su* families 9 ,porto ,rico1 & ! same is true 9 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s4 ,x is "h ma9ta9$ t x is ! lett+ g1 little by little1 ! correct views ( liv+1 :i* causes ! :ite race to det]iorate1 & n ! climate4 ,! necessities ( life are few] & easi] to obta9 9 hot c\ntries ?an 9 cold ones2 & ?is makes x easy = m5 to become indol5t1 to lose ambition & to s9k to a l[ level ( liv+ & ?9k+4 ,! ,tropics1 contr>y to ! usual view1 are heal?ful regions4 ,mal>ia exi/s 9 hot c\ntries1 b s x does 9 temp]ate ones4 ,typhoid fev] & contagi\s diseases are no worse ?an 9 cold climes4 ,smallpox is reg>d$ z a mild disease4 ,sc>let fev] is said n to exi/ at all4 ,:]e fil? is all[$ to accumulate disease prevails1 b 9 l&s well dra9$ & free f decay+ matt] & fil?1 !re is1 "u ord9>y c>e1 no m to be fe>$ f disease ?an 9 ! mo/ favor$ portions ( ! e>?4 ,at pres5t1 9 hot c\ntries ! p pay little att5tion to sanitation4 ,z a rule1 !y are unutt]ably dirty4 ,!y live 9 _! own fil?1 & seem to enjoy x4 ,! g]ms ( disease f "o body are promptly tak5 into ano!r be=e !y h "t to die1 or are cultivat$ 9 fil? deposits until ! :ole community is affect$4 ,! ,tropics1 9 !mselves1 are no m & no less heal?ful ?an temp]ate regions4 ,b ! p 9 cold c\ntries h "s respect = sanitation1 :ile ^? 9 hot c\ntries h v little or no respect = dec5t cleanl9ess4 ,?is is ! :ole explanation ( ?is matt]4 ,p :o h ! latr9e 9 ! kit*5 & unclean$ = a c5tury1 :o sleep 9 rooms into :i* a brea? ( fre% air _c ent]2 :o seldom wa% _! bodies2 :o use rum & tobacco in/ead ( food2 :o p]mit *ildr5 to cohabit promiscu\sly1 c sc>cely hope to escape disease1 if any prevails 9 _! neighborhood4 ,su* conditions are ! rule ) ! masses 9 hot c\ntries4 ,^? :o become #8acclimatiz$' w be able to live 9 hot c\ntries4 ,x is d\btful :e!r or n !re is any actual condition kn[n z #8acclimatization1' al?\gh if ! t]m means becom+ accu/om$ to fil?1 & to c]ta9 g]ms :i* live 9 fil?1 !re may be some?+ 9 ! t]m4 ,in/ead ( a bodily *ange1 ! individual gradually becomes educat$ to 8 new environm5t4 ,he le>ns :at to eat & dr9k1 :at to we> & :]e to sleep1 :5 & h[ mu* to "w1 to come 9 out ( ! %[] & to *ange 8 wet clo!s1 to avoid ! midday sun & ! damp air ( ! night4 ,:5 a man new to ! ,tropics has le>n$ ^! ?+s1 he is #8acclimatiz$4' ,"s le>n !m at once2 o!rs are ye>s 9 le>n+1 & mean:ile suff] f sickness & di/ress4 ,new conditions mu/ be met 9 e c\ntry new to ! pione]1 :e!r ! c\ntry is 9 temp]ate or hot latitudes4 ,9 op5+ up a new c\ntry to settlem5t1 x is ! sev]e labors1 ! exposure1 ! meagre diet1 ! anxiety1 ! g5]al h>d conditions ( life1 :i* und]m9e ! g5]al sy/em & make ! body an almo/ unresi/+ victim to ! g]ms ( mal>ia & o!r diseases4 ,x is n ! climate 9 new c\ntries1 b ! h>d conditions ( life1 :i* kill ! settl]s4 ,s1 9 ! rec5t w> ) ,spa91 bad conditions 9 ! nor!rn camps1 uncleanl9ess ( p]son due to lack ( wat]1 ov]-ex]tion 9 practice m>*es1 sleep+ on ! gr\nd1 *ange ( food1 ov]cr[d+ 9 t5ts prev5t+ re/ful sleep1 unsanit>y conditions on transports1 caus$ ! m5 to be l&$ 9 ! ,tropics 9 an extremely bad condition ( body4 ,l&+ 9 ! ra9y season1 op5+ ! e>? to =m tr5*es = def5ce & ab\t _! t5ts1 sleep+ ^u ! damp gr\nd1 ) a defici5t & unbalanc$ ration1 ) no *ange ( clo!s = ne>ly ?ree mon?s1 x is no wond] t _m became sick4 ,b ! sickness 0 n due to ! climate at all4 ,x 0 due to ! h>d conditions 9 ! home camps1 & to h>d conditions dur+ ! campaigns 9 ! isl&s4 ,x is said t ! heat1 ! ra9s & ! insects ( ! ,tropics are c]ta9ly unbe>able by a :ite p]son f ! temp]ate latitudes4 ,b ^! ?+s are magnifi$ by ! di/ance f :i* !y are view$4 ,s f> z ! tropical l&s rec5tly acquir$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates are conc]n$1 !y are n elem5ts to be dread$4 ,^! l&s are all ,oceanic ,isl&s4 ,surr\nd$ by imm5se areas ( wat]1 !y h an unv>y+1 or slightly v>y+1 temp]ature4 ,!y are w>m ! :ole ye> r\nd1 :ile nev] hot4 ,9 all ^! ,isl&s ! midday temp]ature is ab\t #hj ,fahr5heit4 ,at night x falls to #ge or ev5 to #gj2 9 ! m\nta9s /ill l[]1 dep5d+ ^u ! elevation4 ,b ?is heat is mod]at$ by sea breezes4 ,except = ab\t an h\r 9 ! morn+1 !re is a breeze ! :ole day long1 :i* temp]s ! heat4 ,sun/roke is unkn[n4 ,no bad conditions aris+ f ! heat h be5 se5 9 ,porto ,rico4 ,! nights are always s cool t refre%+ sleep may be obta9$1 & ! effect ( ! sun is temp]$ by cl\ds1 :i* %ade ! e>? ne>ly all summ]4 ,all ! isl&s h m\nta9s :i* may be rea*$ 9 a few h\rs1 :]e ! climate ( ! temp]ate latitudes may be enjoy$ by ^? desir+ ! *ange4 ,! tropical ra9s are no s]i\s drawback4 ,!y fall at a fix$ "t ea* day1 usually f two to f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,!y are mu* l heavy ,june %[]s 9 ! ,/ates1 unaccompani$ by ?und] & lightn+4 ,! gr\nd soon dries (f1 & ! ra9 has occasion$ no inconv5i5ce ( consequ5ce to anyone4 ,! abs5ce ( ?und] & lightn+ is rem>kable4 ,?is is c]ta9ly true 9 ,porto ,rico4 ,! hurricanes & o!r great w9d /orms are probably no m frequ5t nor m de/ructive ?an are cyclones 9 ! ,/ates4 ,9 ,porto ,rico !re is a belief t a s+le sev]e hurricane occurs ab\t once 9 ea* hundr$ ye>s4 ,insects are /rangely few4 ,! mosquito is gr[n 9 ! ci/]ns1 & is abundant 9 ! t[ns4 ,x is practically abs5t 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! flea is f\nd only 9 ! t[ns1 :]e x is a sort ( dome/ic animal4 ,a little att5tion to cleanl9ess w\ld dim9i% ! numb]s4 ,! b$bug has n be5 se5 9 a ye> 9 ,porto ,rico1 ?\gh !re is no reason :y x %\ld n be "h4 ,c5tip$es1 spid]s & t>antulas are s sc>ce t ! natives expect ab\t fifty c5tavos = ea* l>ge specim5 :i* !y cat*4 ,inde$1 in/ead ( an abundance ( insects1 ^! isl&s are rem>kable = ! small numb] ( species & individuals indig5\s to !m4 ,rec5t inv5tions & discov]ies h made ! conque/ ( ! ,tropics by ! ,caucasian race possible4 ,!re h be5 great discov]ies made 9 *emi/ry1 biology1 bact]iology & m$ic9e )9 rec5t ye>s4 ,*emical discov]ies h produc$ new & p[]ful rem$ies4 ,biology & bact]iology h br\ght to light num]\s microscopic =ms ( life1 trac$ _! life hi/ories1 & %[n t beyond a d\bt1 _m1 if n all1 ( ! diseases designat$ communicable 7contagi\s & infecti\s7 are due to liv+ be+s call$ #8g]ms4' ,! exp]im5tal physician has discov]$1 9 "s cases1 rem$ies :i* w de/roy ^! g]ms aft] !y h be5 introduc$ into ! body1 :ile ! sanit>ian has made va/ /udies 9 demon/rat+ h[ !y may be de/roy$ be=e ent]+ ! body4 ,?us1 /]iliz$ food1 wat] & clo?+ nev] convey diseases4 ,cities :i* are kept clean & h pure wat] supplies h little fe> ( epidemic diseases4 ,! dra9+ ( l[l&s1 ! ?or\gh cultivation ( ! soil1 ! pav+ ( /reets & ! use ( qu99e cause mal>ia to retreat f its old haunts4 ,biologi/s h %[n t a tick conveys ! ,texas cattle fev]2 ! tsetse fly 9 ,africa spreads ! #8fly disease' among ! cattle 9 t cont95t4 ,! h\se-fly spread typhoid fev] among our soldi]s la/ summ]1 & !re is good reason = believ+ t ! mosquito is 9 l>ge "p ! dissem9ator ( mal>ia4 ,consumption1 dys5t]y1 ! ,asiatic plague1 leprosy1 typhoid fev]1 are all g]m diseases4 ,kn[+ ! causes ( ^! diseases1 ! life hi/ory ( ! g]ms1 & ! rem$ies to apply1 x is hop$ t 9 a v few ye>s ! biologi/1 ! bact]iologi/1 ! sanit>ian1 all work+ toge!r1 w make tropical diseases to be no m dread$ ?an are ! diseases ( temp]ate regions4 ,z w>m c\ntries become bett] kn[n1 physicians w c]ta9ly become m skillful to treat ! diseases peculi> to !m4 ,rapid transportation & rapid communication betwe5 ! tropic & temp]ate regions w rob ! =m] ( _m t]rors4 ,:5 a p]son c communicate ) 8 family e few days1 or by telegraph 9 a few h\rs1 & :5 he kn[s he c rea* 8 old home readily1 "o elem5t :i* di/urb$ =m] pione]s is remov$4 ,rapid transportation & ! discov]y ( ! process ( cann+ fruits1 vegetables & meats1 toge!r ) ! process ( manufactur+ ice1 & ( cold /orage me?ods1 make x possible = a p]son 9 a hot c\ntry to enjoy ! foods to :i* he 0 accu/om$ 9 8 old home4 ,?is w be a great help until he has le>n$ to use native products4 ,education & good laws w remove f ! ,tropics _m undesirable features :i* n[ repel p f ! ,nor?4 ,x has be5 already rem>k$ t ! p 9 ^! isl&s h no k ( sanitation1 & live 9 utt] disreg>d ( all ! well-kn[n rules ( hygi5e4 ,"s ( ! mo/ /rik+ examples ( ?is are ! liv+ 9 _! own excretions1 sleep+ 9 air-tight comp>tm5ts1 ! lack ( a v>iety ( food1 work+ long h\rs 9 ! hot sun ) an empty /oma*1 us+ rum1 tobacco & c(fee 9 place ( food1 ! utt] lack ( any re/ra9t ( ! sexual in/9ct by ei!r m5 or wom5 ( ! l[] classes & by ! m5 ( all classes1 produc+ a well-nigh univ]sal corruption ( blood4 ,^! unsanit>y & unhygi5ic conditions h dw>f$ ! tropical dwell]s 9 body & 9 m9d4 ,^! ?+s _c be laid to ! climate4 ,!y are due to ignorance4 ,! same condition w\ld produce simil> results 9 ,p5nsylvania or ,connecticut1 & su* results 7 se5 a g5]ation ago 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,cali=nia & else:]e4 ,! laws "u :i* ^! p h be5 liv+ h be5 mon/r\sly bad4 ,m>riage has 9 "s cases be5 actually disc\rag$2 !re 0 little opportunity & little inducem5t to accumulate prop]ty4 ,!re 7 few s*ools1 & !y 7 ( poor quality4 ,! diff]5t races1 :ite1 ,indian & ,african1 h fully comm+l$1 & ! result ! _w kn[s is bad4 ,! /ronge/ argum5ts aga9/ ! mix+ ( ! ,caucasian & ! ,african are to be f\nd 9 ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s4 ,! mix$ races w be mu* h>d] to deal ) ?an pure bloods ( any race4 ,! climate 9 ,cuba & ,porto ,rico--& ! same is claim$ = ! ,philipp9es--is equal to any 9 ! ,/ates s\? ( ! ,c>ol9as4 ,) ! masses educat$ & ) :olesome laws1 ^! isl&s w all become g>d5 spots1 & w ultimately be occupi$ by pure-blood$ ,anglo-,saxons1 ! pres5t inhabitants disappe>+ be=e ! /rong] & pur]-blood$ race4 ,,discussion ,,& ,,correspond5ce4 ,,poetry ,,& ,,sci5ce4 ,9 spite ( ! occasional croak ( prophets ( evil1 poetry is n 9 dang] ( be+ cr[d$ out ( ! he>ts ( m5 by ! mat]ialism ( sci5ce4 ,x is true t j n[ !re are no poets ( surpass+ g5ius ) :om ! read+ public is popul>ly acqua9t$4 ,x is true t ! developm5t ( our mat]ial civilization ?r\gh ! surpris+ly rapid advance ( sci5tific discov]y is a ?+ :i* engages att5tion to a v great degree4 ,x is true t ! necessity ( deal+ cont9ually ) practical1 matt]-(-fact details1 :e!r ( ! (fice1 or ! factory1 or ! laboratory1 is n 9 itself di/9ctly poetical4 ,x is true t plann+ practical uses = ! ,rntg5 rays or liquid air is n ess5tially /imulat+ to a love = poetry1 b ?is is only "o aspect ( ! case4 ,a great deal ( ! appeal ( poetry comes ?r\gh :at x sugge/s ( ! unkn[n & my/]i\s1 sugge/ions1 n ( ! /range & ! fanciful1 b ( ! beautiful1 h9ts ( a some?+ beyond ! beauty to :i* our eyes h yet come1 a beauty to :i*1 p]haps1 = all our long+1 !y may nev] come4 ,a man = :om ! problems ( exi/5ce h ceas$ to be problems1 a man ^: !ology is a settl$ ?+1 :o believes c]ta9 ?+s def9itely & re/s ) assur$ ease 9 8 belief1 a man = :om ! vague anticipations ( a _w ( d\bt z yet beyond 8 k5 8make no purple 9 ! di/ance10 su* a man c nei!r h appreciation = a wide range ( poetry1 nor w he write v]se t c take any s]i\s place z poetry = mod]n read]s4 ,! poetry ( a primitive p1 deal+ ) primitive emotions1 f9ds 9 m elem5t>y ?+s1 l ! boy 9 ,wordswor?'s 8,intimations ( ,immortality10 h9ts & sugge/ions ( a 8some?+ t is gone10 8! glory & ! fre%ness ( a dream40 ,^! emotions become our emotions sympa!tically1 & n because !y are q ! normal feel+s = ! mature read] ( poetry to-day4 ,! ?+s t 7 a wond] to ! ,greek ( ,hom]'s "t h ceas$ to be a wond] to u1 & if a poet w\ld excite ! same feel+s 9 u he mu/ employ o!r means4 ,sci5ce1 9 giv+ u absolute k 9 reg>d to _m ?+s :i* n s long ago 7 full ( /rang5ess = u1 has tak5 out ( !m ! old5 poetry & ! trees h nymphs t direct _! gr[? no long]1 ! /reams t 7 once dmon-haunt$ are n[ m]ely wat] c\rses1 & ! o!r spirits ( ! e>? & air h gone f> away into ! _w's =getfulness4 ,b :ile we h be5 pu%+ out into ! unkn[n & annex+ portions ( x to ! region ( ! kn[n1 we h be5 m]ely enl>g+ ! b\nd>y1 n oblit]at+ x4 ,m ?an ?is man nev] c d4 ,always beyond ! f>!/ vision ( 8 telescope & microscope w lie ! unkn[able1 gr[+ small]1 p]haps1 b seem+ l>g] z x gives up "s ( its secret places = ! inhabit+ ( ! dwell]s 9 ! kn[n4 ,& ?is is ! significant ?+1 t1 z our k gr[s1 our s5se ( :at lies beyond t k f9ds an increas+ numb] ( ?+s t may excite wond]4 ,e new sci5tific discov]y1 at lea/ 9 c]ta9 dep>tm5ts ( sci5ce1 simply acts z an index f+] po9t+ ! way to relat$ ph5om5a n yet und]/ood4 ,& s x w be ev]4 ,! mo/ le>n$ man t ! s*ools1 & ! fields & ! sky aid$ by ! f9e/ in/rum5ts human skill c devise1 c produce1 w only f9d himself aw$ by ! va/ d>kness ( ! unkn[n into :i* 8 eyes _c pi]ce4 ,!re is ano!r phase ( ! "q t mu/ n pass unnotic$4 ,z ! region ( ! unkn[n wid5s x (f]s m objects ( int]e/ & may !reby m fully absorb att5tion4 ,:5 reality is suffici5tly ri* 9 exp]i5ce we d n c>e to indulge 9 dreams4 ,:5 ! pres5t satisfies u & answ]s all our ne$s we are less incl9$ to look =w>d to ! future1 :e!r t gl[s be=e u ) ! hues ( promise or d>k5s ) ! ?reat ( com+ /orm4 ,b ! fulle/ life may we>y at times & wi%1 = ! m]e re/ ( *ange1 to g outside ( itself & f9d 9 ! /rang5ess ( some?+ new & n yet kn[n a relaxation & recreation = ! tir$ h& & bra94 ,& s ! /r5u\sness ( mod]n life ) its ceaseless outrea*+ = new pleasures & new tru?s w be ready always = ! soo?+ re/fulness ( a poetry t gives ! =m ( beauty to ?+s j beyond ! wond]l& ( ! kn[n4 ,b h[ to make poetry ( ^! ?+s is ! p]plex+ problem4 ,tru?1 :e!r ( ! _w ( fact or ( ! _w ( imag9ation rea*+ out into ! spiritual realm1 is n poetry until 9 "s fa%ion x is made beautiful 9 its appeal to our s5sibilities4 ,a hundr$ ye>s ago ! ?+s t 7 fitt+ subjects = poetic treatm5t 7 mu* m elem5t>y & z emotional /imulus !y rea*$ consci\sness 9 a mu* m imm$iate & direct fa%ion ?an ! !mes t are fitt$ = poetry n[4 ,! poet :o w\ld a*ieve di/9ct success 9 ! high] walks ( poetry to-day mu/ be ma/] ( an art surpass+ t ( all b a few ( 8 bre?r5 ( ! craft :o h gone be=e him4 ,! _w ( ! kn[n is s l>ge1 comp>atively1 n[1 & ! individual is s f> remov$ f ! b\nd>ies ( ! unkn[n1 save1 p]haps1 at "o po9t1 t m art is requir$ to induce him to travel ! long] di/ance out ( ! _w ( cold fact into ! bord]l& ( /rang5ess :]e sugge/ions ( new tru? & new beauty may come to quick5 aspirations4 ,x is true t !re are !mes t 7 new a ?\s& ye>s ago & w be new a ?\s& ye>s h5ce1 b a poet to a*ieve di/9ct success mu/ /rike a note n only individual1 b "o closely attun$ to ! ?\ght & feel+ ( 8 "t4 ,milton we "k r z a voice ( ,puritan ,engl& ?an z a poetic g5ius4 ,we call ,wordswor? a great poet & are consci\s z we d s1 t he des]ves ! di/9ction r because he int]pret$ to m5 a new phase ( ?\ght & feel+1 ?an because he knew h[ to make 8 v]se :olly pure poetry r ?an bald prose4 ,ev5 poets ( su* spiritual elevation z ,%elley & ,col]idge caught ! feel+ & ! tone ( _! "t1 & ! revolution>y _s & ! love ( nature t 0 mold+ ,wordswor? f9ds a di/9ct voice 9 !m z well4 ,ev5 ,burns1 isolat$ z he 01 is n altoge!r an anomaly1 & no "o ne$ be told t ,byron 0 9 an extreme degree ! voice ( ! reaction>y _s ( po/-revolution>y ,europe4 ,william ,morris1 retell+ old leg5ds ( ,greek & ,saxon1 none ! less in=m$ 8 v]se ) ! humanit>ian & /hetic _s ( mod]n life1 & appli$ 8 s5se ( ! beautiful to ! problems ( n9ete5? c5tury exi/5ce4 ,sw9burne1 too1 is democratic & 9 8 vision ! _w moves on to new glories ev5 ?\gh ! old be n :olly fad$ f ! e>?4 ,rob]t ,br[n+ is fir/ & fundam5tally a pa9t] ( "*1 a /ud5t ( ! m subtle moods t dom9ate ! individual1 & t[>d ?is ! read] ( ,engli% fiction w\ld h>dly fail to see t ! developm5t ( lit]ature has /eadily be5 advanc+ = two c5turies4 ,ev5 ,mrs4 ,br[n+ ?r\gh ! some:at morbid & mawki% s5tim5tality & ! ov]/ra9$ art ( 8,aurora ,leigh10 9 ! vague & unc]ta9 way ( a woman ^: contact ) reality 0 necess>ily slight1 cat*es at ! problems ( n9ete5? c5tury feel+4 ,t5nyson1 z all m5 "k1 gave u poetry t 0 inwr\ght ( ! late/ ^w ( sci5ce1 ! la/ aspiration ( religi\s hope1 ! newe/ sure conclusion 9 ! field ( social endeavor = ! bett]m5t ( man4 ,& ,t5nyson 9 8,9 ,memoriam10 z ,br[n+ 9 8,p>acelsus0 & ,l[ell 9 8,! ,ca!dral10 has taught u t ab/ract tru? may be made into poetry & t ( ! l(tie/ & mo/ vitaliz+ k9d4 ,& to su* poetry ! _w is ready to give a will+ e>1 ?\gh x w n be satisfi$ ) ! m]e trick+ out 9 rhyme & met] ( sci5tific tru?4 ,! difficulty = ! poet to-day is n m]ely t ( new k1 b t ( a sci5ce advanc+ s rapidly t ! poet1 ^: art is m$itative1 c h>dly avail himself ( its late/ revelations be=e _! significance has vani%$ 9 ! light ( "s new & revolution>y discov]y ann\nc$ f "s inve/igator's laboratory4 ,?is is s new a ?+ t lit]>y conditions h n yet be5 adju/$ to x1 z we may fairly hope t !y w be "s "t 9 ! n di/ant future4 ,a ?+1 almo/ if n q1 z di/9ctive ( our "t z ! progress ( sci5tific discov]y is ! gr[? ( ! democratic _s4 ,?is latt] has be5 a ?+ ( common obs]vation = ov] a c5tury1 & ab\t t long ago ,wordswor? & ,%elley1 ,burns & ,byron voic$ ) gl[+ en?usiasm ! new revolution>y gospel4 ,s9ce !n x has be5 ! !me ( o!r p5s & has become a matt] ( commonplace1 & yet1 ?\gh x has n lo/ int]e/ because ( ! fulfilm5t ( ! hopes ( man1 x is n n[ a vital =ce 9 lit]ature ( ! bett] class4 ,! reason = ?is is1 p]haps1 n f> to seek4 ,9 ! doma9 ( politics ! advance 9 ?\ght & feel+ f a hundr$ ye>s ago is a matt] ( no great mom5t4 ,! poet :o w\ld voice = ! _w a message ( bro!rhood1 ?rill$ ) ! _s ( a new humanity1 inevitably f9ds himself h>k+ back2 he is compell$ to repeat ! s5tim5ts ( ,mrs4 ,br[n+'s p]f]vid ,italian poems1 or ,:itti]'s simple songs1 or ,%elley's vague !oriz+3 he ceases to be individual4 ,"u pres5t conditions1 /r5u\sly vocal z ! _w is ) ! voices ( ^? try+ to be he>d1 failure to be di/9ctly & positively individual is failure to ga9 att5tion4 ,& x is significant t we are approa*+ ! solution ( social problems 9 ! sci5tific way4 ,! developm5t ( a bett] /ate ( society is to come ab\t1 z we n[ realize1 ?r\gh ! op]ation ( natural laws1 & n by ! s5sational process ( awak5+ 9 ! he>ts ( m5 a fla%+ en?usiasm = new =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,b5jam9 ,kidd's #8,social ,evolution' indicates q cle>ly ! new po9t ( view f :i* all problems ( society are to be consid]$1 & p]haps1 n less rem>kable = a l significance is ,h5ry ,drummond's #8,asc5t ( ,man4' ,z ! laboratory gives up its secrets1 z ! my/]ies ( biology & processes ( gr[? 9 ! organic _w become less my/]i\s1 we are approa*+ ne>] & ne>] to a k ( ! laws t are conc]n$ 9 all gr[?1 :e!r ( ! /> fi% or ( ! mod]n /ate4 ,assum+ t man is ! mo/ vitally conc]n$ 9 ! organization ( society "h 9 ?is pres5t _w1 & ) ! problem ( ano!r _w1 :e!r real or imag9>y1 :e!r a p]fect /ate1 or /ate ( gr[? z t ( e>?1 "o _c escape ! reflection t bo? ^! problems h become 9 a measure problems ( sci5ce1 r ?an problems ( intuition or au?ority or emotional susceptibility4 ,& :5 sci5ce has come s close to all ! inmo/ convictions & aspirations ( man1 !re mu/ foll[ a poetry ( sci5ce1 full]1 ri*]1 m vitaliz+ & m endur+ ?an any t has gone be=e x4 ,x w appeal to a nobl] & l(ti] s5se ( beauty1 a f9] & m p]fect conception ( tru?4 ,x w clo! its utt]ances 9 an imag]y z mu* m v>i$ z ! k ( to-day is full] ?an t ( ye/]day4 ,x w be arti/ic beyond ! dreams ( o!r days1 & its art w be some?+ m ?an t ( m]e intuition4 ,x w gl[ ) color1 b no crud5ess ( ta/e w guide ! arti/'s bru%1 & ! intellig5t1 /hetic s5se ( a broadly cultur$ p w f9d inspiration 9 x1 z once h]oes did 9 ! songs ( ! b>ds ( old4 ,l4 ,w4 ,,smi?4 ,tabor1 ,i[a4 ,,antiquity ,,( ,,! ,,*ew+ ,,gum ,,habit4 ,9 ! lett] ( ,columbus on ! discov]y ( ,am]ica1 facsimile edition1 #ahib1 ( ! f\r ,lat9 editions belong+ to ! ,l5ox ,libr>y1 ! foll[+ occurs 9 ! translation 7page #aa73 8,f9ally1 t ,i may compress 9 few words ! brief acc\nt ( our dep>ture & quick return1 & ! ga91 ,i promise ?is1 t if ,i am support$ by our mo/ inv9cible sov]eigns ) a little ( _! help1 z mu* gold c be suppli$ z !y w ne$1 inde$1 z mu* ( spices1 ( cotton1 ( *ew+ gum 7:i* is only f\nd 9 ,*ios71 also z mu* ( aloeswood1 & z _m slaves = ! navy z _! maje/ies w wi% to dem&40 ,! date ( ?is lett] is ,m>* #ad1 #adic1--ov] f\r hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,x w be se5 by ! above t ! *ew+ gum habit is by no means a mod]n or rec5t "o1 & d\btless ant$ates ,columbus' lett] by _m ye>s4 ,! ref]5ce to ,*ios1 an isl& 9 ! ,grecian ,ar*ipelago1 is presumably = ! purpose ( indicat+ ! "* ( ! #8gum4' ,! ,*ios #8gum' ( ! anci5ts has be5 describ$ z an e>? ( a compact "*1 probably argillace\s1 & _h ! reputation ( possess+ m$ic9al qualities4 ,its consi/5cy & appe>ance may h be5 su* z to h l$ to its be+ popul>ly call$ #8gum4' ,t ! *ew+ ( gum1 or "s o!r article or waxy sub/ance suitable = *ew+1 0 9 vogue at ! "t1 !re c be no d\bt1 & t ! discov]y ( su* a sub/ance w\ld be reg>d$ z an important acquisition is impli$ by its be+ specially m5tion$ & promis$ by ,columbus4 ,ye>s ago1 m ?an half a c5tury1 %oemak]s' wax1 s-call$1 ,burgundy pit* & crude spruce-gum 7 *ew$ to a consid]able ext5t1 z ! writ] cle>ly rememb]s4 ,betel *ew+1 ! leaves & ! nut mix$ 9 c]ta9 proportions ) lime1 z practic$ 9 ,asiatic c\ntries1 naturally occurs to ! m9d 9 connection ) ! =ego+1 z well z occasional in/ances ( *ew+ slate p5cils & lime mort>1 an int]e/+ case ( ! latt] hav+ be5 br\ght to my notice sev]al ye>s s9ce by a well-kn[n physician ( ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j4 ,b ^! are r exceptional & individual cases1 !re=e n to be reg>d$ z g5]al or popul> habits4 ,f ! *ew+ ( e>?y sub/ances to ! eat+ ( ! same1 w\ld appe> to be b a natural /ep4 ,! latt] habit1 s f> z facts are available1 is ( comp>atively infrequ5t occurr5ce & re/rict$ to a mu* small] numb] ( p]sons4 ,b$s ( :ite infusorial e>?1 resembl+ magnesia 9 appe>ance1 kn[n z ,b]gmehl1 occur 9 ,lapl& & ,f9l&4 ,?is is1 or has be5 us$ 9 seasons ( sc>city1 mix$ ) fl\r made ( "s k9d ( gra9 or gr\nd bir*-b>k1 & clay-eat+ probably1 to a great] or less ext5t1 /ill cont9ues to be a habit 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a z 9 ! pa/4 ,! effect ( ?is habit1 z any intellig5t p]son w\ld suppose1 is decid$ly injuri\s to ! individual t pursues x4 ,9 sev]al cases t h come "u my obs]vation ! results are exhibit$ 9 sall[ness ( complexion1 lack-lu/re eyes1 di/5sion ( ! abdom5 caus$ by engorgem5t or clogg+ ( ! liv]1 & o!r inte/9al d]angem5t1 li/lessness & g5]al debility4 ,,rob',t ,e4 ,c4 ,,/e>ns4 ,los ,angeles1 ,cal4 ,,sci5tific ,,lit]ature4 ,a ,,gramm> ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,! increas+ specialization ( ! sci5ces & ! consequ5t occupation ) ! details & te*nical manipulations ( a specialty r5d] x possible = _m a /ud5t to secure ! equipm5t ne$$ = 8 imm$iate activity1 ) b little appreciation ( ! g5]al pr9ciples t give direction & solid>ity to 8 sci5ce1 or ( ! m g5]al & fundam5tal conceptions :i* ! v>i\s sci5ces & ! _s & progress ( sci5ce z a :ole h 9 common4 ,! /ud5t runs ! dang] ( ga9+ a c]ta9 famili>ity ) ! vocabul>y & ! usage ( ! language ( sci5ce1 b ( ignor+ its gramm>4 ,"o ( ! purposes met by ,pr(4 ,k>l ,pe>son's #8,! ,gramm> ( ,sci5ce' is to give ! s]i\s /ud5t an opportunity to acqua9t himself ) ^! und]ly+ conceptions--cause & effect & probability1 space & "t1 motion & matt] & ! composition ( ! physical & organic worlds4 ,x discusses ) him & = him ! nature ( ! kn[+ process1 & demon/rates h[ ! sci5ces /&--n = a lit]al copy ( reality1 b repres5t a special ab/raction & con/ruction on ! basis ( exp]i5ce1 :i* s]ve ! purposes ( intelligibility & logical sy/em4 ,a law ( nature is n an objective reality1 b 8a rsum 9 m5tal %or?&1 :i* replaces = u a l5g?y description ( ! sequ5ces ( our s5se-impressions4 ,law 9 ! sci5tific s5se 444 owes its exi/5ce to ! creative p[] ( 8 man's intellect40 ,sci5ce is ?us n ! m]e reflection ( p]ceptual exp]i5ce1 b is dep5d5t = its advance q z mu* ^u ! =mation ( appropriate conceptions by ! ex]cise ( insight & a ke5 logical analysis & syn!sis4 ,h5ce1 ! importance ( ! imag9ation z a requisite = sci5tific discov]y1 :i* leads ,pr(essor ,pe>son to reg>d ,d>w9 & ,f>aday z sup]ior 9 ?is quality to ! be/ ( ! poets & noveli/s4 ,n only ! cont5t ( ! sci5ces b ! _s & ! means t guide its advance =m "p ( ! gramm> ( sci5ce4 ,! nature ( ! sci5tific me?od1 ! appreciation t ! scope ( sci5ce is really co9cid5t ) ! scope ( v]ifiable k2 t sci5ce repres5ts a mode ( approa* & ( inquiry1 & t ! sci5ti/ or ! sci5tifically-m9d$ individual is *>act]iz$ by a def9ite logical attitude1 by a mann] ( ent]+ into relation ) 8 surr\nd+s & ( deal+ ) reality2 t sci5ce disc\nt5ances attempt$ %ort-cuts & inspir$ revelations1 or guesses ( ! riddles ( exi/5ce2 t x avoids metaphysic & impractical speculation2 t x ju/ifies its exi/5ce & ! en]gies :i* are exp5d$ on its behalf by ! m5tal tra9+ x provides 9 education1 by its illum9ation ( ! problems ( life & society1 by ! practical b5efits x conf]s 9 ! v>i\s fields ( human activity1 z well z by ! gratification x yields to "s ( ! mo/ p]man5t & mo/ wor?y ( our intellectual & /hetic impulses--^! & o!r propositions are ably & int]e/+ly pres5t$ & con/itute an ess5tial portion ( ?is v /imulat+ & cl>ify+ volume4 ,! success ( ! "w is atte/$ by ! appe>ance ( ?is second edition2 ! *ief addition consi/s ( a discussion ( ! quantitative me?od z appli$ to biological ph5om5a1 :i* ! read]s ( o!rs ( ! au?or's works w recognize z "o ( 8 favorite subjects ( inve/igation4 ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,elem5t>y ,,ma!matics4 ,! book ) ! above title1 by ,david ,eug5e ,smi?1 pr9cipal ( ! ,/ate ,normal ,s*ool1 at ,brockport1 ,n4 ,y41 conta9s mu* ( value1 pres5t$ 9 a v readable & attractive mann]4 ,! subjects treat$ are ari?metic1 algebra & geometry4 ,ab\t half ! book is devot$ to ! fir/4 ,! au?or sket*es ! hi/ory ( ! tea*+ ( ari?metic f ! e>lie/ times1 gives a critical exam9ation ( ! diff]5t sy/ems :i* h be5 tri$ & aims to discov] ! correct g5]al pr9ciples ^u :i* ! in/ruction %\ld proce$4 ,he notices ! t5d5cy ( _m ( our s*ools to foll[ too closely ! ,grube me?od1 or a modification ( x4 ,! *apt] on ! pres5t tea*+ ( ari?metic is full ( valuable sugge/ions4 ,algebra & geometry are treat$ 9 ! same way4 ,mu* useless lumb] is cle>$ away1 & ! :ole discussion is m>k$ by /rong common-s5se1 an elem5t n always pres5t 9 discussions ( ?is k9d4 ,! extreme diff]5tiation 9 ! tea*+ ( ^! ?ree bran*es :i* prevails 9 s _m s*ools is condemn$4 ,x is urg$ t ! bl5d+ ( algebraic me?od & notation ) ! high] p>ts ( ari?metic1 & ! e>ly introduction ( ! inductive /udy ( geometric =m1 bo? contribute to ! sub/antial progress & developm5t ( ! /ud5t4 ,valuable ref]5ces are giv5 to o!r writ+s = full] discussions on special topics4 ,^! ref]5ces cov] works 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,italian4 ,,geology4 ,pr(essor ,suess's great "w1 #8,das ,antlitz d] ,erde1' has be5 translat$ into ,fr5* ) em5dations & annotations1 & ?us becomes accessible to an enl>g$ numb] ( read]s4 ,no /rictly geological publication s9ce ! "t ( ! fir/ appe>ance ( ,sir ,*>les ,lyell's #8,pr9ciples ( ,geology' has br\ght toge!r s _m data conc]n+ ! nature ( ! altitude ( ! cont95ts 9 relation to sea level4 ,geologi/s h g5]ally assum$ t x is ! l& :i* rises or s9ks :5 a *ange ( level takes place 9 relation to ! sea4 ,pr(essor ,suess attacks ?is view & endeavors to %[ t ! ocean has & has _h its great movem5ts1 n[ keep+ up its wat]s 9 ! equatorial di/rict1 n[ accumulat+ ab\t ! poles & transgress+ ! l[ l&s ( its bord]s4 ,an exhau/ive review ( ! geological /ructure ( ! kn[n p>ts ( ! e>?1 p>ticul>ly complete ) reg>d to ! bord]s ( ! oceans & ! ! ,m$it]ranean1 is pres5t$ z a basis = discuss+ ! evid5ce ( su* *anges z ! s9k+ 9 mod]n geological times ( l&s or isl&s 9 :at is n[ ! ,nor? ,atlantic4 ,by ! s9k+ ( ! ocean floor1 x is held t ! sea level is l[]$ ar\nd ! e>?1 ?us giv+ rise to em]g$ l&s4 ,p>ts ( ^! plateaus h 9 turn sunk1 & s ! e>? has exp]i5c$ v>i$ & (t5 sudd5 *anges ( ! relations ( l& & sea4 ,! "w is ent]ta9+ly writt51 despite ! labori\s compilation ( geological details1 :i* is made evid5t 9 its num]\s *apt]s4 ,! geological explanation ( ! ,noa*ian ,deluge is p]haps "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ sections ( ! "w4 ,aside f ! !ory :i* ! "w sets =?1 x af=ds ! be/ g5]al survey ( ! e>?'s surface :i* is at pres5t available 9 any language4 ,x has be5 suppli$ ) num]\s rec5t ref]5ces by ,m4 de ,m>g]ie & 8 able assi/ants 9 ! "w ( translation4 ,a ,,ye>book ,,( ,,biology4 ,l',anne ,biologique = #ahig4--;,e ye> ! numb] ( biological work]s increases1 ! numb] ( repositories ( rese>*es is multipli$ & ! difficulties ( keep+ in=m$ ( ! results obta9$ 9 ev5 a re/rict$ dep>tm5t ( sci5ce are enhanc$4 ,h5ce1 new bibliographical works are ev] welcome1 especially if !y give n only titles b ab/racts4 ,l',anne ,biologique does n only ?is1 b m1 = its ab/racts are likewise critical reviews indicat+ ! true place 9 ! sci5ce ( ! results giv5 9 any pap]4 ,x goes /ill fur!r1 9 t x summ>izes ! advance made dur+ ! ye> 9 ea* subject1 & ! cont5ts ( ! volume are r5d]$ /ill m accessible by a ?or\gh au?or-g5us subject index4 ,ev]y?+ seems to be done t is possible to make ! results ( g5]al biological /udies available4 ,occasionally figures are reproduc$ & compreh5sive1 synoptic articles on ! rec5t advances 9 "o subject are pr9t$4 ,9 ! pres5t volume !re is a report on s5ile deg5]esc5ce1 by ,elie ,met*nikov2 on ! ur9>y tubules 9 v]tebrates1 ) sev5te5 figures1 by ,p4 ,vignon2 & on ! conditions ( exi/5ce 9 & ! bionomic divisions ( fre% wat]s by ,g4 ,pr\vot4 ,! reviews are all sign$ by ! au?ors1 ! critical rem>ks be+ bracket$4 ,_m ( ! reviews h ! dignity ( di/9ct contributions to sci5ce1 z :]e a half-page ab/ract is foll[$ by a two-page discussion4 ,! review]s1 or #8collaborators1' are drawn f v>i\s c\ntries1 ,am]ica1 ,au/ria1 ,belgium1 ,engl&1 ,russia & ,scotl& be+ repres5t$ 9 addition to ,france4 ,?is p]iodical may be comm5d$ 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms to biologi/s & to o!rs int]e/$ 9 ! results ( biology4 ,x is surpris+ t ! "w is /ill s little kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,sci5tific m5 h a "r to take pride 9 ! unremun]ative ef=ts ( ! *ief editor1 ,pr(essor ,delage1 to make accessible ! lit]ature ( ! sci5ce ( g5]al biology 9 ord] to facilitate its advancem5t4 ,,a/rophysics4 ,! #8,atlas ( ,repres5tative ,/ell> ,spectra1 toge!r ) a ,discussion ( ! ,evolutional ,ord] ( ! ,/>s1' by ,sir ,wm4 ,hugg9s1 ,k4 ,c4 ,b41 & ,lady ,hugg9s 7,wesley ,son71 is n only a sumptu\s & beautifully illu/rat$ volume1 b is also ( great sci5tific value4 ,sir ,wm4 ,hugg9s belongs to t gr\p ( m5 9 ,engl& :o1 unconnect$ ) any univ]sity1 devote !mselves to rese>* = ! pure love ( tru?4 ,8 di/+ui%$ s]vices to sci5ce receiv$ recognition on ! occasion ( ! ,que5's diamond jubilee1 :5 ) only two o!r sci5tific m5 he receiv$ ! ord] ( knigh?ood4 ,8 accompli%$ wife1 :o is 8 con/ant coadjutor1 0 ! only woman m5tion$ 9 ! li/ ( ,jubilee honors4 ,sir ,wm4 ,hugg9s may be said to be ! f\nd] ( ! s-call$ #8,new ,a/ronomy1' = sc>cely m ?an a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago 8 spectroscope1 turn$ ^u a newly discov]$ />1 fir/ reveal$ ! cause ( ! sudd5 light+ up ( ^! beacons 9 ! heav5s1 & turn$ ^u ! nebula %[$ !m to be ( gl[+ gas4 ,s9ce t "t ! telescope ( ! ,tulse ,hill ,obs]vatory1 arm$ ) spectroscope & cam]a1 has be5 con/antly & labori\sly analyz+ ! light ( />1 comet & nebula1 to solve ! my/]y ( _! con/itution4 8,we nev] g any:]e10 said ,lady ,hugg9s2 8a/ronomy1 at be/1 is a he>t-break+ object ( devotion b5ea? ,engli% skies1 & we are always at home to cat* e gleam betwe5 ! cl\ds40 ,?is book gives1 9 *>m+ n>rative1 :i* w\ld be read ) int]e/ by "o previ\sly ignorant ( ! subject1 ! hi/ory ( ! pione] "w 8:5 ne>ly e obs]vation reveal$ a new fact1 & almo/ e night's "w 0 r$-lett]$ by "s discov]y40 ,!re foll[ full details ( lat] "w1 especially ( ! fir/ detection1 by ! %ift+ ( ! l9es ( _! spectra1 ( ! motion ( />s t[>ds u or f u 9 ! l9e ( sight4 ,we le>n also h[ t]re/rial *emi/ry has be5 enri*$ by ?is /udy ( ! />s1 & h[ ! nature ( long kn[n elem5ts l hydrog5 & ! exi/5ce ( undiscov]$ elem5ts l helium h be5 fir/ made out f /ell> spectra4 ,b1 z ! supreme problem = ! biologi/ is ! developm5t ( man1 s ! supreme problem = ! a/ronom] is t ( ! evolutional ord] ( ! />s4 ,?is problem1 too1 is discuss$ 9 ! light ( ! discov]ies at ,tulse ,hill4 ,f ! simple b beautiful h>monic sy/em ( hydrog5 l9es :i* *>act]izes a :ite /> l ,vega1 we le>n h[ we pass to ! m develop$ /> ( a sol> type1 l ,capella1 & !nce to ,arcturus1 & ,belelgueze1 :i* indicate a /ill lat] /age ( developm5t4 ,at lea/ ?is is ! !ory ( ! au?or4 ,aside f its great !me lucidly discuss$ ! book des]ves to be ^u e libr>y table z a sup]b specim5 ( bookmak+4 ,= once1 beautiful tru? is promulgat$ 9 fitt+ guise4 ,lady ,hugg9s is an arti/ & ar*ologi/ z well z an a/ronom]1 & ! initial lett]s ( ! *apt]s are illum9at$ ) orig9al sket*es & designs f qua9t old manuscripts1 :i* make ! book arti/ically z well z a/ronomically wor?y ( ! prize :i* x receiv$ f ! ,royal ,society z ! mo/ di/+ui%$ contribution to ! sci5tific lit]ature ( ! ye>4 ,,exp]im5tal ,,m$ic9e4 ,anyone :o wi%es to ga9 a fairly adequate idea ( :at exp]im5ts on liv+ animals h accompli%$ = ! welf>e ( ! human race & ( o!r animals z well1 c n[ d s by read+ #8,exp]im5ts on ,animals1' by ,/eph5 ,paget4 ,mr4 ,paget has collect$ evid5ce %[+ ! "p t animal exp]im5ts h play$ 9 ! progress ( physiology1 pa?ology1 bact]iology & !rapeutics4 ,he has n v5tur$ to (f] op9ion or ev5 /atem5ts unsupport$ by exact & v]ifiable facts4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! book's space is fill$ by orig9al quotations f sci5tific work]s1 f ,gal5 d[n to ! rec5t /ud5ts ( ! mal>ia p>asite4 ,x %[s pla9ly t k ( ! processes ( life 9 heal? & disease has ?r\gh\t dep5d$ on exp]im5ts on liv+ sub/ances4 ,mr4 ,paget's book is n dep5d5t = its int]e/ solely on ! laudable curiosity to "k ! wor? ( animal exp]im5ts4 ,= ^! h be5 s important 9 ! sci5ce ( m$ic9e t _! /ory is at ! same "t ! hi/ory ( a great numb] ( m$ical discov]ies4 ,!re is1 too1 a fre%ness & biographical int]e/ 9 ! quotations f ! fam\s pa/ & pres5t /ud5ts ( m$ical sci5ce :i* makes !m v readable4 ,,i*?yology ,,= ,,angl]s4 ,9 8 8,famili> ,fi%1 _! ,habits & ,capture10 ,mr4 ,eug5e ,mc,carthy has put =? a readable volume :i* d\btless w prove popul> among ! disciples ( ,izaak ,walton1 = x is ess5tially a book = angl]s1 writt5 by an angl] ( exp]i5ce4 ,a prelim9>y *apt]1 devot$ to fi%-culture1 dwells on ! de/ruction ( eggs & fry 9 nature & ! necessity = artificial measures4 ,x is a fairly good g5]al outl9e ( ! subject1 al?\gh "s ( ! me?ods describ$ are obsolete4 ,! _m bre$]s ( ornam5tal fi% w wond] :e!r ! au?or is int5tionally faceti\s 9 /at+ t ! 8fam\s d\ble-tail$ goldfi% frequ5tly se5 are rais$ 9 ,japan1 & are produc$ by viol5tly %ak+ ! eggs 9 a pan40 ,ab\t a ?ird ( ! book is devot$ to brief acc\nts ( ! di/ribution1 food1 habits & peculi>ities ( ! fre%-wat] fi%es mo/ s\ght by angl]s1 ! salmons1 tr\ts1 basses & pikes naturally receiv+ mo/ att5tion4 ,! rema9+ pages deal *iefly ) ! description ( angl+ p>aph]nalia & me?ods1 camp+1 boat+ & useful data = sportsm54 ,by f> ! be/ *apt]s are ^? treat+ ( ! ouanani*e & its capture1 z ! au?or writes f ample exp]i5ce4 ,he gives x fir/ rank among our game fi%es & holds t 8p\nd = p\nd ! ouanani*e c greatly outfight ! salmon1 & none ( ! fre%wat] fi%es c equal x 9 ?is respect2 ! black bass approa*es x ! ne>e/ b nev] equals x40 ,! volume is freely illu/rat$ ) fi%+ sc5es1 angl+ app>atus & tw5ty-five full-page figures ( fi%es1 all b "o ( :i* are copi$1 )\t cr$it1 f ! reports ( ! ,u4,s4 ,fi% ,commission4 ,! au?or submitt$ 8 manuscript to ,presid5t ,jordan 8to be ju/ifi$ 9 advanc+ ! claim0 t ! descriptions ( ! diff]5t fi%es 8are absolutely reliable & correct10 & a prefatory note by ,dr4 ,jordan is 9 t au?or's mo/ pleas+ /yle & adds consid]ably to ! lit]>y excell5ce ( ! volume2 b evid5tly t di/+ui%$ i*?yologi/ did n believe any responsibility atta*$ to him1 = ev5 a cursory glance by him ov] ! manuscript w\ld h elim9at$ a numb] ( i*?yological incongruities1 su* z ! inclusion ( ! :ite bass1 "o ( ! ,s]ranid1 9 ! same family z ! black basses 7,c5tr>*id74 ,! au?or's conception ( zological nom5clature & classification is decid$ly novel4 ,9 ! f9al *apt]1 on 8sci5tific names ( fi% m5tion$10 ! fir/ species ref]r$ to is ,salmo sal>1 ( :i* x is /at$ t 8! ^w salmo is us$ 9 connection ) a l>ge v>iety ( ! tr\ts1 to designate ! family or desc5t4 ,x is ! fir/ "n giv51 z is ! case ) all o!r k9ds ( fi%1 be+ ! specific "n indicat+ ! species4 ,! o!r names foll[+ are subspecific40 ,! l&-lock$ salmon ( ! ,sagu5ay ,riv] is by "s sy/ematic writ]s reg>d$ z a v>iety ( ! sea salmon1 & be>s ! "n ,salmo sal> ouanani*e ,mc,carthy4 ,/range to say1 ?is is ! only species 9 ! volume = :i* ! "n ( ! orig9al describ] is giv51 & 9 expla9+ 8 own connection ) ! fi%1 ,mr4 ,mc,carthy says3 8,mc,carthy1 s nam$ f 8 fir/ writ+ fully reg>d+ ! fi%60 ,to ! zologi/ ! volume w be ( no use1 z x embodies few new obs]vations on ! fi%es consid]$ & is l>gely a compilation f o!r well-kn[n works4 ,! au?or1 h[ev]1 des]ves cr$it = br++ ! subject to ! att5tion ( angl]s 9 su* an attractive =m2 &1 z an attempt to ext5d ! k ( ! habits1 di/ribution & relation%ips ( our game fi%es among ?is l>ge & influ5tial class ( citiz5s1 ! volume %\ld be accord$ a welcome4 ,,microscopy ,,( ,,dr9k+-,,wat]4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,c4 ,:ipple1 ,director ( ! ,m\nt ,prospect ,laboratory ( ! ,brooklyn ,wat]works1 has prep>$ a h&book = ! wat] analy/ & ! wat]works eng9e]1 ) ! title giv5 above4 ,x deals ) ! purposes1 me?ods & results ( ! biological exam9ation ( dr9k+-wat]1 af=d+ means = ! id5tification ( ! microscopic life f\nd 9 wat] supplies & sugge/+ means = ! elim9ation or control ( ^? organisms :i* disagreeably affect ! color or odor ( potable wat]s4 ,! con/ruction ( res]voirs1 ! /orage ( surface & ( gr\nd wat]s & ! gr[? ( organisms 9 pipes are also discuss$4 ,?\gh ! motive ( ! book is ?us te*nical1 ! subject is develop$ by ! au?or along broad l9es 9 a ?or\ghly sci5tific mann]1 & he has br\ght toge!r a great deal ( in=mation1 n only = ! sanit>y eng9e]1 b also = ! physici/1 ! *emi/ & ! biologi/4 ,! problems 9 limnology1 su* z ! temp]ature1 /agnation & circulation ( res]voir wat]s2 ! di/ribution & relative numb]s ( diff]5t organisms & _! relation to *emical analyses are discuss$ 9 ! light ( ! results ( _m ye>s' inve/igation ( wat]-supplies4 ,! seasonal succession ( organisms1 _! movem5ts ) respect to light & o!r /imuli1 & _! horizontal & v]tical di/ribution1 are 9 l mann] fully treat$4 ,! scope ( ! "w & ! treatm5t ( ! subject make ! book a valuable "o alike = eng9e]+ & biological laboratories & = ! g5]al libr>y4 ,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,! summ] laboratories & ! sci5tific exp$itions :i* are employ+ ! vacation p]iod ( ! m5 ( sci5ce 9 ?is c\ntry w\ld make a long li/4 ,a vacation f tea*+ means to ! sci5tific man a *ance to "w1 & at pres5t !re are num]\s organiz$ means ( enabl+ him to pr(it by ?is *ance4 ,! mo/ def9ite =m :i* su* arrangem5ts = summ] "w h tak5 is ! summ] laboratory or exp]im5t /ation = biologi/s4 ,su* a /ation af=ds conv5i5tly ! me*anical appliances = sci5tific "w 9 a good locality = collect+ mat]ial to "w )4 ,! m>9e or o!r =ms ( life are ?us made accessible to ^? ^: pr(essional "w dur+ ! ye> keeps !m 9 an unfavorable locality4 ,besides ! laboratory at ,woods ,holl1 :i* is ! ne>e/ ,am]ican repres5tative ( ,pr(essor ,dohrn's great laboratory at ,naples1 !re is an important summ] /ation at ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor1 ,long ,isl&1 "u ! auspices ( ! ,brooklyn ,in/itute1 & o!rs c>$ = by ,lel& ,/an=d1 ,jr4 ,univ]sity1 ! ,univ]sity ( ,indiana1 ! ,ohio ,/ate ,univ]sity & o!r in/itutions4 ,x is common to comb9e tea*+ ) rese>* at ^! laboratories & 9 "s cases !y become ess5tially summ] s*ools1 ?\gh g5]ally giv+ c\rses ( a high] ord] ?an ! ord9>y summ] s*ool = nature /udy4 ,b rese>* is (t5 ! *ief & sometimes ! sole purpose ( ^! /ations1 & a va/ am\nt ( "w is done ea* ye>4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! summ] /ations is ! ,woods ,holl ,m>9e ,biological ,laboratory1 situat$ on ! s\!rn coa/ ( ,massa*usetts1 betwe5 ,buzz>d's ,bay & ,v9ey>d ,s\nd4 ,?is laboratory has be5 =tunate 9 hav+ be5 ! summ] home at "o "t or ano!r ( a majority ( ! lead+ zologi/s ( ! c\ntry4 ,x has be5 usual = ! advanc$ /ud5ts 9 univ]sities to take c\rses or c>ry on rese>* !re1 & ,woods ,holl tra9+ has be5 a valuable recomm5dation4 ,! reason is n f> to seek4 ,! mat]ial advantages1 ! _s ( zeal = concrete fact1 ! acqua9tance ) sup]ior m5 9 ! sci5ce & ) a l>ge numb] ( equals1 all help to give ! be/ sort ( pr(essional tra9+4 ,su* a place also s]ves z a ref9]y :]e op9ions & !ories may be purifi$ by heal?y criticism & by ! subtl] influ5ce ( example4 ,!re is a /ory ( ?ree em95t biologi/s :o got involv$ 9 a controv]sy ov] a disput$ "q4 ,!y argu$ = a :ile4 ,f9ally "o ( !m said3 8,let u get ! eggs 9 "q & /udy !m toge!r40 ,?is 0 done1 & ! ?ree m5 sp5t ! aft]noon ov] _! microscopes pati5tly work+ out ! problem toge!r2 & !y did "w x out4 ,"o ( ! great advantages ( summ] laboratories is t !y put fell[-/ud5ts 9 a frame ( m9d 9 :i* !y c "w ?+s out toge!r4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,woods ,holl ,laboratory has a "r to claim a l>ge %>e 9 ! cr$it = ?ree ( ! mo/ important developm5ts 9 biology 9 ! la/ decade--! /udy ( #8cell l9eage1' ( reg5]ation ( organs & ( ! influ5ce ( abnormal conditions on ! developm5t ( embryos4 ,work]s !re h trac$ ! developm5t ( ! diff]5t cells into :i* ! egg-cell divides & h discov]$ j :at p>ts ( ! body arise f ea* gr\p ( cells4 ,!y h %[n t ! way 9 :i* ! egg divides & r$ivides is z con/ant1 is z mu* a "p ( ! nature ( ! animal1 z its adult =m & /ructure are4 ,!y h replac$ previ\s vague notions ( ! developm5t ( animals by exact acc\nts ( ! cell-orig9 ( diff]5t organs ( ! body4 ,o!rs h /udi$ ! abilities ( mutilat$ animals to reproduce ! p>ts lo/ & ! conditions & limitations ( su* reg5]ation4 ,su* /udies h greatly broad5$ our views ( ! nature ( animal tissues4 ,o!rs h inve/igat$ ! results ( artificial conditions on ! developm5t ( animals1 especially 9 ! e>lie/ /ages4 ,= in/ance1 f eggs brok5 into pieces !re h be5 develop$ tw9s1 triplets & mon/]s ( v>i\s sorts4 ,su* exp]im5ts z ^! are produc+ data conc]n+ ! v fundam5ts ( liv+ matt] & are lead+ biology beyond ! m]e description ( animal /ructures & functions t[>ds an insight into ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( developm5t4 ,among ! num]\s rese>*es1 "s sev5ty 9 all1 :i* are be+ c>ri$ on at ,woods ,holl ?is summ]1 ^? ( ! mo/ g5]al int]e/ are ,pr(4 ,c4 ,o4 ,:itman's /udy ( hybrids & ,pr(4 ,jacques ,loeb's /udy ( artificial f]tilization4 ,pr(4 ,:itman has be5 bre$+ pigeons ( a l>ge numb] ( species = sev]al ye>s1 z a means ( /udy+ ! ph5om5a ( h]$ity %[n 9 hybrid =ms4 ,m or less incid5tally1 he has discov]$ _m notable facts ab\t ! in/9cts & habits ( ! birds & ab\t v>i\s physiological functions connect$ ) reproduction4 ,biologi/s ev]y:]e are com+ to realize ! necessity ( sy/ematic & cont9u\s /udy ( families ( animals ?r\gh a numb] ( g5]ations4 ,pr(4 ,:itman's is ! mo/ ext5sive ( su* /udies 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! detail$ results ( ,pr(4 ,loeb's cont9uation ( 8 exp]im5ts on ! action ( v>i\s salts on unf]tiliz$ eggs w naturally be await$ ) great int]e/4 ,we h already notic$ 8 success 9 caus+ unf]tiliz$ eggs ( ! sea-ur*9 to develop into normal individuals z f> z ! pluteus /age4 ,he has ?is ye> succe$$ 9 produc+ artificial p>!nog5esis n only 9 />fi% 7,a/]ias71 b also 9 worms 7,*aetopt]us74 ,?r\gh a slight increase 9 ! am\nt ( ,k-ions 9 ! sea-wat]1 ! eggs ( ! latt] c be caus$ n only to ?r[ out ! pol> bodies z ,mead _h already obs]v$1 b also to rea* ! ,tro*ophore /age & swim ab\t z actively z ! l>v orig9at+ f f]tiliz$ eggs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! c\rses ( in/ruction (f]$ at ,woods ,holl !re are two ( m ?an ord9>y int]e/4 ,pr(essor ,loeb's c\rse 9 physiology dep>ts f ! traditional /udy ( physiological functions 9 ! frog & 9 "s mammal1 & (f]s in/ead exp]im5tal "w on ! simpl] inv]tebrate =ms4 ,! ph5om5a ( life are !re pres5t$ 9 diagrammatic =m1 & are int]pret$ z f> z possible 9 t]ms ( physics & *emi/ry4 ,! c\rse 9 nature /udy1 giv5 ?is ye> = ! fir/ "t1 (f]s to /ud5ts )\t te*nical tra9+ a *ance to le>n ab\t animals & plants f speciali/s4 ,x has %[n cle>ly t ! be/ sci5ce is popul>1 t really sci5tific "w c be done )\t previ\s drill 9 t]m9ology or te*nique4 ,a novel feature ( ! c\rse has be5 ! sy/ematic exp]im5tal /udy ( ! in/9cts & intellig5t p]=mances ( animals4 ,! me?od ( (f]+ to intellig5t m5 & wom51 :o wi% to "k ab\t animal life1 b h no "t or ne$ = special te*nical tra9+ or detail$ anatomical "w1 a *ance to get some?+ bett] ?an m]e book k or haphaz>d p]sonal obs]vation1 %\ld be widely ext5d$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! laboratory ( ! ,brooklyn ,in/itute ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 situat$ at ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor1 ,long ,isl&1 is ne>ly z old z ! ,woods ,holl ,laboratory4 ,pr(4 ,c4 ,b4 ,dav5port1 its director1 is probably ! mo/ active work] 9 ?is c\ntry 9 ! quantitative /udy ( v>iation1 & "o ( ! lead+ l9es ( rese>* at ,cold ,spr+ ,h>bor is n[ & w probably be = "s ye>s ! attempt to get an exact e/imate ( normal v>iation 9 diff]5t animals1 ( ! production ( abnormal v>iations & ( ! laws ( inh]itance4 ,pr(essor ,dav5port is himself bre$+ mice ext5sively & ?us secur+ data4 ,( ! c\rses (f]$ two des]ve special m5tion4 ,"o is ! c\rse = tea*]s ( zology 9 high s*ools1 a *ief feature ( :i* is ! /udy ( liv+ animals4 ,! o!r is a c\rse on #8,v>iation & ,inh]itance1' :i* gives advanc$ /ud5ts a *ance to /udy ! mo/ important "q ( biology & by ! mo/ exact me?ods4 ,! ,cold ,spr+ laboratory has be5 gr[+ v rapidly ( late & seems likely to cont9ue to gr[4 ,9 g5]al ! evolution ( ! summ] laboratory is ( int]e/4 ,an en?usia/ or a mode/ association ga!rs a few sympa!tic work]s at "s favorable locality4 ,! in=mality & p]sonal contact are inspir+ & ! place becomes fam\s = good "w4 ,!n come numb]s & ) numb]s a rapid complication ( ! social life ( ! s*ool4 ,! em95t lead] is replac$ by a doz5 diff]5t in/ructors2 "o no long] kn[s e "o else2 organization becomes complex & :at 0 at fir/ a sort ( sci5tific family may turn into a =mal in/itution4 ,! summ] laboratory %\ld n become a big summ] college at ! co/ ( its s+le-m9d$ness4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:ile special laboratories are op5 = "w 9 biology1 & ! univ]sities are ext5d+ _! sessions ?r\gh ! summ]1 ! common s*ools are also beg9n+ to realize t !y mu/ adapt !mselves to an urban civilization4 ,c\ntry s*ools %\ld adj\rn 9 ! summ] = obvi\s reasons1 b 9 ! city no?+ is ga9$ by turn+ ! *ildr5 f ! s*ools into ! /reets4 ,! vacation or play s*ools n[ 9 session 9 ,new ,york ,city are 9 e way to be comm5d$4 ,! only drawback is t !y _c hold half ( ^? :o wi% to att5d4 ,set free f ! traditional curriculum ! *ildr5 le>n m 9 ! five weeks ( #8play s*ool' 9 ! summ]1 ?an 9 twice t p]iod ( #8"w s*ool' 9 ! w9t]4 ,swimm+1 op5-air gymna/ics1 team games1 *ess1 visits to p>ks1 pi]s1 museums & libr>ies1 excursions 9 b>ges & into ! c\ntry1 sket*+1 :ittl+1 cook+1 sew+ & ! re/ d n lose _! educational value because ! *ildr5 l !m4 ,su* ex]cises w d a good deal t[>d cur+ ! indige/ion caus$ by be+ f$ = five ye>s on ! ?ree ,r's1 & t[>d correct+ ! anti-social atmosph]e ( ! ord9>y s*ool-room4 ,among ! commonplaces ( mod]n psy*ology are3 ,x is n :at a p]son kn[s b :at he does t c\nts2 ! way to le>n is to act2 progress foll[s f ! pleasure ( p>tial success2 an individual only exi/s 9 8 relations ) o!rs4 ,su* maxims seem to be z cle>ly kept 9 view by ! ,new ,york ,dep>tm5t ( ,education 9 ! summ] z !y are =gott5 9 ! w9t]4 ,! committee on ! ,new ,york ,play ,s*ools consi/s ( ,messrs4 ,se? ,t4 ,/ew>t1 ,john ,l4 ,n4 ,hunt & ,a4 ,p4 ,m>ble1 to :om & to ! tea*]s :o h c>ri$ out _! plans mu* honor is due4 ,! report = #ahii is an educational docum5t ( importance4 ,copies c probably be obta9$ f ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education ( ! ,city ( ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,p>is ,exposition & its congresses may be reg>d$ z a great summ] s*ool4 ,! applications ( sci5ce exhibit$ = amusem5t1 = in/ruction & = ! advantage ( comm]ce & manufactures are bewild]+ 9 _! multiplicity4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! gr\p #8,education' heads ! catalogue ( ! ,exposition4 ,9 ! exhibits repres5t+ high] in/ruction1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates receiv$ n9e gr& prizes & n9e gold m$als1 rank+ second to ,france4 ,on ! motion ( a ,fr5* juror1 ?ree ,am]icans 7 m5tion$ z wor?y ( special di/9ction3 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,a4 ,r[l&1 ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity2 ,pr(4 ,ni*olas ,murray ,butl]1 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity2 ,director ,melvil ,dewey1 ,univ]sity ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,m ?an "o hundr$ & fifty int]national congresses1 deal+ ) v>i\s subjects ( sci5tific1 indu/rial & social importance1 are held ?is summ] 9 ,p>is1 & =m no small "p ( ! int]e/ ( ! ,exposition1 supplem5t+ z !y d ! exhibits1 furni%+ ! !ory1 z ! exhibits set =? ! accompli%m5ts1 ( art & indu/ry4 ,! magnitude ( ^! congresses may be se5 f ! fact t ! ?irte5? ,int]national ,m$ical ,congress _h a regi/ration ( ov] six ?\s& memb]s1 ( :om ov] f\r hundr$ 7 f ,am]ica4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fri5ds ( sci5tific inve/igation & ! tea*+ ( sci5ce w rejoice at ! rec5t decision 9 ! c\rts conc]n+ ! ,fay]wea!r w case4 ,= ! eigh? "t ! grant ( #c1jjj1jjj to ! colleges has be5 confirm$4 ,! case w probably be appeal$ to ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b ! probability is l>ge t ,mr4 ,fay]wea!r's wi%es w 9 ! end be c>ri$ out4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 money left to colleges is likely to be us$ to a v l>ge ext5t to promote ! progress ( sci5ce4 ,requir$ c\rses 9 l+ui/ics are decreas+1 & ! ext5sion ( college tea*+ & univ]sity rese>* is l>gely along sci5tific l9es4 ,new dep>tm5ts1 su* z ^? ( physiography1 physical *emi/ry1 an?ropology & exp]im5tal psy*ology are be+ e/abli%$1 :ile economics & sociology are becom+ less speculative & m l ! natural sci5ces 9 _! me?ods4 ,! college /ud5t ( to-day gets proportionately m tra9+ 9 ! pr(ess$ly natural sci5ces ?an ev] be=e1 & gets sci5tific tra9+ 9 connection ) c\rses :i* 7 once m]e ex]cises 9 le>n+ ! op9ions ( m or less important p4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we call$ att5tion la/ mon? to ! completion ( ! plans = an int]national catalogue ( sci5tific lit]ature1 & /at$ t ,great ,brita9 & ,g]many _h ea* subscrib$ = =ty-five ( ! ?ree hundr$ sets t mu/ be sold 9 ord] to defray ! co/4 ,x is obvi\s t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) su* a l>ge numb] ( libr>ies & educational in/itutions1 %\ld subscribe = its %>e ( ! sets1 namely1 n less ?an =ty-five4 ,! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution has provisionally und]tak5 to repres5t ! int]e/s ( ! catalogue 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & w receive promises ( subscriptions4 ,! catalogue w be issu$ 9 sev5te5 volumes1 compris+ ! foll[+ subjects3 ,ma!matics1 me*anics1 physics1 *emi/ry1 a/ronomy1 meteorology 7includ+ t]re/rial magnetism71 m9]alogy 7includ+ petrology & cry/allography71 geology1 geography 7ma!matical & physical71 palontology1 g5]al biology1 botany1 zology1 human anatomy1 physical an?ropology1 physiology 7includ+ exp]im5tal psy*ology1 ph>macology & exp]im5tal pa?ology7 & bact]iology4 ,at lea/ "o volume w be giv5 to ea* subject1 & x is propos$ t n all ! volumes %all be issu$ at once1 b 9 f\r gr\ps1 z soon z possible aft] ! fir/ ( ,janu>y1 ,april1 ,july & ,octob]1 respectively4 ,! subscription price = a complete set ( ! :ole catalogue1 9 sev5te5 volumes1 is #ag1 say #he4 ,! volumes w v>y 9 price & c be obta9$ sep>ately1 b x is necess>y to secure ! gu>antee ( ! sale ( =ty-five sets 9 ,am]ica dur+ ! mon? ( ,septemb]1 & all libr>ies us$ = sci5tific rese>*1 & ^? individuals :o c af=d ! co/1 %\ld s5d subscriptions to ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,ra?bun1 ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! ,july numb] ( ! ,,mon?ly ,dr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,bolton gave an acc\nt ( ! radio-active sub/ances :i* h be5 f\nd 9 pit*bl5de1 ! *ief ore ( uranium4 ,! subject cont9ues to excite ! int]e/ ( bo? *emi/s & physici/s1 ?\gh j at pres5t ! l>ge/ am\nt ( "w is be+ done by ! *emi/s1 to :om ! "q is ( extraord9>y int]e/ z to :e!r ^! sub/ances are or are n real *emical elem5ts4 ,bla von ,l5gyel1 ( ,budape/1 z ,dr4 ,bolton expla9$1 has attack$ ! problem f ! syn!tic side1 & by fus+ inactive b>ium nitrate ) uranium nitrate1 he has obta9$ a b>ium sulphate :i* has m or less radio-activity4 ,f ?is he concludes x is probable t ! radio-activity is due r to a peculi> /ate ( ! b>ium ?an to a new *emical elem5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,becqu]el has 9 a some:at analog\s way mix$ inactive b>ium *lorid ) uranium *lorid1 & f ! solution has obta9$ likewise a radio-active b>ium4 ,b he f9ds t ! increas$ activity 9 ! b>ium salt is att5d$ by a correspond+ decrease 9 ! radio-activity ( ! uranium4 ,h5ce x _c be settl$ f ^! exp]im5ts :e!r ! uranium salts possess a radio-activity ( _! own1 :i* c by c]ta9 me?ods be communicat$ to b>ium salts1 or :e!r ! radio-activity is due to an impurity 9 ! uranium :i* has ?us f> elud$ isolation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! director ( ! ,blue ,hill ,meteorological ,obs]vatory1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,lawr5ce ,rot*1 writes to #8,sci5ce' t ! highe/ previ\s kite-flight 0 exce$$ on ,july #ai1 :51 by means ( six kites atta*$ at int]vals to f\r & ?ree-qu>t]s miles ( /eel wire1 ! meteorograph 0 lift$ #ae1agj feet above ,blue ,hill1 or #ae1hjj feet above ! neighbor+ ocean4 ,at ! "t t ! temp]ature 0 #gh ne> ! gr\nd1 x 0 ab\t #cj at ! highe/ po9t rea*$1 ! air be+ v dry & ! w9d bl[+ f ! nor?we/ ) a velocity ( tw5ty-six miles an h\r4 ,! altitude rea*$ 9 ?is flight probably exce$s ! greate/ height at :i* meteorological obs]vations h be5 made ) a balloon 9 ,am]ica4 ,! highe/ obs]vations t h be5 publi%$ 7 made by ! late ,pr(essor ,haz51 ( ! ,wea!r ,bureau1 9 an asc5t f ,/4 ,l\is1 ,june #ag1 #ahhg1 to a height ( #ae1djj feet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,u4,s4 consul at ,/4 ,gall1 ,mr4 ,du ,bois1 s5ds to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! trial ( ! ,zeppel9 air-%ip3 ,at ! invitation ( ,c\nt ,zeppel91 ,i 0 pres5t at ! trial asc5t ( 8 air-%ip on ! aft]noon ( ,july #b1 at ,manzell1 on ,lake ,con/ance4 ,at sev5 o'clock ! great %ip1 #djg feet long & #ci feet 9 diamet]1 conta9+ sev5te5 sep>ate balloon comp>tm5ts fill$ ) hydrog5 gas1 0 drawn out ( ! balloon h\se securely moor$ to ! float4 ,at ! mom5t ( ! asc5t ! w9d 0 bl[+ at a rate ( ab\t tw5ty-six feet p] second1 giv+ ! op]ators a good opportunity ( te/+ ! ability ( ! air-:eels to propel ! great %ip aga9/ ! w9d4 ,! cig>-%ap$ /ructure asc5d$ sl[ly & gracefully to ab\t ?irty feet above ! raft4 ,! balances 7 adju/$ s z to give ! %ip an asc5d+ direction4 ,! propell]s 7 set 9 motion1 & ! air-%ip1 :i* has co/ consid]ably ov] #bjj1jjj1 />t$ easily on its int]e/+ trial trip4 ,at fir/ ! %ip mov$ ea/ aga9/ ! w9d = ab\t two miles1 gracefully turn$ at an elevation ( ab\t #djj feet1 &1 mak+ a rapid sail to ! we/w>d = ab\t five miles1 rea*$ an altitude ( #a1cjj feet4 ,x 0 !n turn$ & head$ once m ea/1 &1 travel+ ab\t a mile aga9/ ! w9d bl[+ at ! rate ( tw5ty-six feet p] second1 sudd5ly /opp$2 float+ sl[ly backw>ds ?ree miles to ! we/1 x sank into ! lake1 ! gondolas re/+ safely ^u ! wat]4 ,! "t ( ! trip 0 ab\t fifty m9utes2 di/ance travel$1 ab\t t5 miles2 fa/e/ "t made1 five miles 9 sev5te5 & "o-half m9utes4 ,! cause ( ! sudd5 /oppage 9 ! flight ( ! %ip 0 prov$ to be a slight mi%ap to ! /e]+ app>atus1 b ! colossus float$ g5tly ) ! w9d until x settl$ ^u ! surface ( ! lake )\t tak+ any wat]4 ,! raft 0 !n br\ght up & ! %ip 0 easily plac$ ^u x & br\ght back to ! balloon h\se4 ,! weight is #bjj c5tn]s 7#bb1jjj p\nds74 99 99 99 99 99 ,a jo9t meet+ ( ! ,royal ,society & ! ,royal ,a/ronomical ,society has be5 held 9 ,london to he> prelim9>y reports f sev]al ,briti% exp$itions t w5t out to obs]ve ! rec5t eclipse ( ! sun4 ,mr4 ,*ri/ie1 ! a/ronom] royal1 fir/ pres5t$ an acc\nt ( ! obs]vations made by himself & ,mr4 ,dyson at ,ov>1 9 ,portugal4 ,!re totality la/$ #hd seconds1 & ?\gh ! sky 0 r hazy he secur$ "s good photographs4 ,! corona seem$ di/9ctly inf]ior 9 brightness1 /ructure & rays to t se5 two ye>s ago 9 ,india4 ,sir ,norman ,locky] next describ$ ! obs]vations made by ! ,sol> ,physics ,obs]vatory ,exp$ition & ! (fic]s & m5 ( ,h4 ,m4 ,s4 ,!seus at ,santa ,pola4 ,pr(essor ,turn] spoke ( ! obs]vations he _h made ) ,mr4 ,h4 ,f4 ,newall 9 ! gr\nds ( ! obs]vatory ne> ,algi]s4 ,f obs]vations on ! brightness ( ! corona he conclud$ t x 0 _m times bright] ?an ! moon--p]haps t5 times z bright4 ,pr(4 ,ralph ,copel& describ$ ! obs]vations he made on behalf ( ! jo9t committee at ,santa ,pola1 endors+ ,sir ,n4 ,locky]'s rem>ks z to ! advantage ( hav+ ! aid ( a man-(-w>4 ,mr4 ,ev]%$ pres5t$ a prelim9>y report on 8 exp$ition to ! s\? limit ( totality4 ,8 reason = *oos+ a site at ! limit ( totality 0 t ! fla% spectrum 0 !re visible v mu* long]4 ,un=tunately1 he accept$ ! guidance ( ! ,nautical ,almanac ,(fice1 & f\nd himself outside ! l9e ( totality--ab\t two hundr$ met]s accord+ to 8 in=mants1 :o said a small speck ( sunlight 0 visible all ! "t4 ,he 0 successful 9 obta9+ "s f9e photographs ( ! fla% spectrum4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dur+ ! la/ session ( ,congress a law 0 enact$1 commonly kn[n z ! ,lacey ,act1 :i* places ! pres]vation1 di/ribution1 introduction & re/oration ( game & o!r birds "u ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture2 regulates ! importation ( =eign birds & animals1 prohibit+ absolutely ! introduction ( c]ta9 injuri\s species & prohibits int]/ate traffic 9 birds or game kill$ 9 violation ( ,/ate laws4 ,p]sons contemplat+ ! importation ( live animals or birds f abroad mu/ obta9 a special p]mit f ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 & import]s are advis$ to make application = p]mits 9 advance1 9 ord] to avoid annoyance & delay :5 %ipm5ts rea* ! cu/om-h\se4 ,! law applies to s+le mammals1 birds or reptiles1 kept 9 cages z pets1 z well z to l>ge consignm5ts int5d$ = propagation 9 captivity or o!rwise4 ,p]mits are n requir$ = dome/icat$ birds1 su* z *ick5s1 ducks1 geese1 gu9ea f[l1 pea f[l1 pigeons or can>ies2 = p>rots or = natural hi/ory specim5s = museums or sci5tific collections4 ,p]mits mu/ be obta9$ = all wild species ( pigeons & ducks4 ,9 ! case ( rum9ants 7includ+ de]1 elk1 moose1 antelopes & also camels & llamas71 p]mits w be issu$1 z h]et(ore1 9 ! =m prescrib$ = importation ( dome/icat$ animals4 ,! introduction ( ! ,engli% or ,european h\se sp>r[1 ! />l+1 ! fruit bat or fly+ fox & ! mongoose1 is absolutely prohibit$1 & p]mits = _! importation w n be issu$ "u any circum/ances4 ,transcrib]s' ,notes ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ?is book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$2 occasional unbalanc$ quotation m>ks reta9$4 ,ambigu\s hyph5s at ! ends ( l9es 7 reta9$4 ,page #dfc3 8fixd rule0 0 pr9t$ t way4 ,page #dfd3 ,! ,greek translit]ation 8hoi polloi0 0 add$ by ,transcrib] & enclos$ 9 curly braces4 ,page #dff3 ,! op5+ quotation m>k = 8half-fanatical0 has no mat*+ clos+ m>k2 ,transcrib] add$ "o aft] 8p]sonality wor%ip04 ,page #die3 8c>bon dioxid0 0 pr9t$ t way4 ,page #eae3 8easily r$uce0 may be a mispr9t = 8easily d$uce02 8by ! sign (0 may be an ar*aic spell+ ( 8s9e04 ,page #ecf3 8pompes funbres0 is a mispr9t = 8funbres04 ,page #eec3 8,belelgueze0 0 pr9t$ t way1 probably ref]s to 8,betelgeuse04 ,page #eei3 8*lorid0 0 pr9t$ t way4