,,?ree ,,dialogues ,,betwe5 ,,hylas ,,& ,,philon\s1 ,,9 ,,opposition ,,to ,,sceptics ,,& ,,a!i/s by ,george ,b]keley 7#afhe-agec7 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,dialogue ,,philon\s4 ,good morr[1 ,hylas3 ,i did n expect to f9d y abroad s e>ly4 ,,hylas4 ,x is inde$ some?+ unusual2 b my ?\ghts 7 s tak5 up ) a subject ,i 0 disc\rs+ ( la/ night1 t f9d+ ,i c\ld n sleep1 ,i resolv$ to rise & take a turn 9 ! g>d54 ,,phil4 ,x happ5$ well1 to let y see :at innoc5t & agreeable pleasures y lose e morn+4 ,c !re be a pleasant] "t ( ! day1 or a m delightful season ( ! ye>8 ,t purple sky1 ^? wild b sweet notes ( birds1 ! fragrant bloom ^u ! trees & fl[]s1 ! g5tle influ5ce ( ! ris+ sun1 ^! & a ?\s& nameless beauties ( nature inspire ! s\l ) secret transports2 its faculties too be+ at ?is "t fre% & lively1 are fit = ^? m$itations1 :i* ! solitude ( a g>d5 & tranquillity ( ! morn+ naturally dispose u to4 ,b ,i am afraid ,i int]rupt y\r ?\ghts3 = y seem$ v int5t on some?+4 ,,hyl4 ,x is true1 ,i 01 & %all be oblig$ to y if y w p]mit me to g on 9 ! same ve92 n t ,i w\ld by any means deprive myself ( y\r company1 = my ?\ghts always fl[ m easily 9 conv]sation ) a fri5d1 ?an :5 ,i am alone3 b my reque/ is1 t y w\ld suff] me to imp>t my reflexions to y4 ,,phil4 ,) all my he>t1 x is :at ,i %\ld h reque/$ myself if y _h n prev5t$ me4 ,,hyl4 ,i 0 consid]+ ! odd fate ( ^? m5 :o h 9 all ages1 ?r\gh an affectation ( be+ di/+ui%$ f ! vulg>1 or "s unacc\ntable turn ( ?\ght1 pret5d$ ei!r to believe no?+ at all1 or to believe ! mo/ extravagant ?+s 9 ! _w4 ,?is h[ev] might be borne1 if _! p>adoxes & scepticism did n draw aft] !m "s consequ5ces ( g5]al disadvantage to mank9d4 ,b ! mis*ief lie? "h2 t :5 m5 ( less leisure see !m :o are suppos$ to h sp5t _! :ole "t 9 ! pursuits ( k pr(ess+ an entire ignorance ( all ?+s1 or advanc+ su* notions z are repugnant to pla9 & commonly receiv$ pr9ciples1 !y w be tempt$ to ent]ta9 suspicions conc]n+ ! mo/ important tru?s1 :i* !y _h hi!rto held sacr$ & unque/ionable4 ,,phil4 ,i entirely agree ) y1 z to ! ill t5d5cy ( ! affect$ d\bts ( "s philosoph]s1 & fanta/ical conceits ( o!rs4 ,i am ev5 s f> gone ( late 9 ?is way ( ?9k+1 t ,i h quitt$ sev]al ( ! sublime notions ,i _h got 9 _! s*ools = vulg> op9ions4 ,& ,i give x y on my ^w2 s9ce ?is revolt f metaphysical notions to ! pla9 dictates ( nature & common s5se1 ,i f9d my und]/&+ /rangely enlight5$1 s t ,i c n[ easily compreh5d a great _m ?+s :i* be=e 7 all my/]y & riddle4 ,,hyl4 ,i am glad to f9d !re 0 no?+ 9 ! acc\nts ,i he>d ( y4 ,,phil4 ,pray1 :at 7 ^?8 ,,hyl4 ,y 7 repres5t$1 9 la/ night's conv]sation1 z "o :o ma9ta9$ ! mo/ extravagant op9ion t ev] ent]$ into ! m9d ( man1 to wit1 t !re is no su* ?+ z ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ance 9 ! _w4 ,,phil4 ,t !re is no su* ?+ z :at ,,philosoph]s ,,call ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ance1 ,i am s]i\sly p]suad$3 b1 if ,i 7 made to see any?+ absurd or sceptical 9 ?is1 ,i %\ld !n h ! same reason to r5\nce ?is t ,i imag9e ,i h n[ to reject ! contr>y op9ion4 ,,hyl4 ,:at ,i c any?+ be m fanta/ical1 m repugnant to ,common ,s5se1 or a m manife/ piece ( ,scepticism1 ?an to believe !re is no su* ?+ z ,,matt]8 ,,phil4 ,s(tly1 good ,hylas4 ,:at if x %\ld prove t y1 :o hold !re is1 are1 by virtue ( t op9ion1 a great] sceptic1 & ma9ta9 m p>adoxes & repugnances to ,common ,s5se1 ?an ,i :o believe no su* ?+8 ,,hyl4 ,y may z soon p]suade me1 ! "p is great] ?an ! :ole1 z t1 9 ord] to avoid absurdity & ,scepticism1 ,i %\ld ev] be oblig$ to give up my op9ion 9 ?is po9t4 ,,phil4 ,well !n1 are y cont5t to admit t op9ion = true1 :i* ^u exam9ation %all appe> mo/ agreeable to ,common ,s5se1 & remote f ,scepticism8 ,,hyl4 ,) all my he>t4 ,s9ce y are = rais+ disputes ab\t ! pla9e/ ?+s 9 nature1 ,i am cont5t = once to he> :at y h to say4 ,,phil4 ,pray1 ,hylas1 :at d y mean by a ,,sceptic8 ,,hyl4 ,i mean :at all m5 mean--"o t d\bts ( ev]y?+4 ,,phil4 ,he !n :o ent]ta9s no d\bts conc]n+ "s p>ticul> po9t1 ) reg>d to t po9t _c be ?\ght a sceptic4 ,,hyl4 ,i agree ) y4 ,,phil4 ,:e!r do? d\bt+ consi/ 9 embrac+ ! affirmative or negative side ( a "q8 ,,hyl4 ,9 nei!r2 = :oev] und]/&s ,engli% _c b "k t ,,d\bt+ signifies a susp5se betwe5 bo?4 ,,phil4 ,he !n t d5ies any po9t1 c no m be said to d\bt ( x1 ?an he :o affirme? x ) ! same degree ( assurance4 ,,hyl4 ,true4 ,,phil4 ,&1 consequ5tly1 = su* 8 d5ial is no m to be e/eem$ a sceptic ?an ! o!r4 ,,hyl4 ,i ackn[l$ge x4 ,,phil4 ,h[ come? x to pass !n1 ,hylas1 t y pron\nce me ,a ,,sceptic1 because ,i d5y :at y affirm1 to wit1 ! exi/5ce ( ,matt]8 ,s9ce1 = aught y c tell1 ,i am z p]emptory 9 my d5ial1 z y 9 y\r affirmation4 ,,hyl4 ,hold1 ,philon\s1 ,i h be5 a little out 9 my def9ition2 b e false /ep a man makes 9 disc\rse is n to be insi/$ on4 ,i said inde$ t a ,,sceptic 0 "o :o d\bt$ ( ev]y?+2 b ,i %\ld h add$1 or :o d5ies ! reality & tru? ( ?+s4 ,,phil4 ,:at ?+s8 ,d y mean ! pr9ciples & !orems ( sci5ces8 ,b ^! y "k are univ]sal intellectual notions1 & consequ5tly indep5d5t ( ,matt]4 ,! d5ial !re=e ( ?is do? n imply ! d5y+ !m4 ,,hyl4 ,i grant x4 ,b are !re no o!r ?+s8 ,:at ?9k y ( di/ru/+ ! s5ses1 ( d5y+ ! real exi/5ce ( s5sible ?+s1 or pret5d+ to "k no?+ ( !m4 ,is n ?is suffici5t to d5om9ate a man a ,,sceptic8 ,,phil4 ,%all we !re=e exam9e :i* ( u x is t d5ies ! reality ( s5sible ?+s1 or pr(esses ! greate/ ignorance ( !m2 s9ce1 if ,i take y rightly1 he is to be e/eem$ ! greate/ ,,sceptic8 ,,hyl4 ,t is :at ,i desire4 ,,phil4 ,:at mean y by ,s5sible ,?+s8 ,,hyl4 ,^? ?+s :i* are p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,c y imag9e t ,i mean any?+ else8 ,,phil4 ,p>don me1 ,hylas1 if ,i am desir\s cle>ly to appreh5d y\r notions1 s9ce ?is may mu* %ort5 our inquiry4 ,suff] me !n to ask y ?is f>!r "q4 ,are ^? ?+s only p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses :i* are p]ceiv$ imm$iately8 ,or1 may ^? ?+s prop]ly be said to be ,,s5sible :i* are p]ceiv$ m$iately1 or n )\t ! int]v5tion ( o!rs8 ,,hyl4 ,i d n suffici5tly und]/& y4 ,,phil4 ,9 read+ a book1 :at ,i imm$iately p]ceive are ! lett]s2 b m$iately1 or by means ( ^!1 are sugge/$ to my m9d ! notions ( ,god1 virtue1 tru?1 c4 ,n[1 t ! lett]s are truly s5sible ?+s1 or p]ceiv$ by s5se1 !re is no d\bt3 b ,i w\ld "k :e!r y take ! ?+s sugge/$ by !m to be s too4 ,,hyl4 ,no1 c]ta9ly3 x 7 absurd to ?9k ,,god or ,,virtue s5sible ?+s2 ?\gh !y may be signifi$ & sugge/$ to ! m9d by s5sible m>ks1 ) :i* !y h an arbitr>y connexion4 ,,phil4 ,x seems !n1 t by ,,s5sible ,,?+s y mean ^? only :i* c be p]ceiv$ ,,imm$iately by s5se8 ,,hyl4 ,"r4 ,,phil4 ,do? x n foll[ f ?is1 t ?\gh ,i see "o "p ( ! sky r$1 & ano!r blue1 & t my reason do? !nce evid5tly conclude !re mu/ be "s cause ( t div]sity ( col\rs1 yet t cause _c be said to be a s5sible ?+1 or p]ceiv$ by ! s5se ( see+8 ,,hyl4 ,x do?4 ,,phil4 ,9 l mann]1 ?\gh ,i he> v>iety ( s\nds1 yet ,i _c be said to he> ! causes ( ^? s\nds8 ,,hyl4 ,y _c4 ,,phil4 ,& :5 by my t\* ,i p]ceive a ?+ to be hot & heavy1 ,i _c say1 ) any tru? or propriety1 t ,i feel ! cause ( its heat or weight8 ,,hyl4 ,to prev5t any m que/ions ( ?is k9d1 ,i tell y once = all1 t by ,,s5sible ,,?+s ,i mean ^? only :i* are p]ceiv$ by s5se2 & t 9 tru? ! s5ses p]ceive no?+ :i* !y d n p]ceive ,,imm$iately3 = !y make no inf]5ces4 ,! d$uc+ !re=e ( causes or occasions f effects & appe>ances1 :i* alone are p]ceiv$ by s5se1 entirely relates to reason4 ,,phil4 ,?is po9t !n is agre$ betwe5 u--,t ,,s5sible ,,?+s ,,are ,,^? ,,only ,,:i* ,,are ,,imm$iately ,,p]ceiv$ ,,by ,,s5se4 ,y w f>!r in=m me1 :e!r we imm$iately p]ceive by sight any?+ beside light1 & col\rs1 & figures2 or by he>+1 any?+ b s\nds2 by ! palate1 any?+ beside ta/es2 by ! smell1 beside od\rs2 or by ! t\*1 m ?an tangible qualities4 ,,hyl4 ,we d n4 ,,phil4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 t if y take away all s5sible qualities1 !re rema9s no?+ s5sible8 ,,hyl4 ,i grant x4 ,,phil4 ,s5sible ?+s !re=e are no?+ else b s _m s5sible qualities1 or comb9ations ( s5sible qualities8 ,,hyl4 ,no?+ else4 ,,phil4 ,,heat !n is a s5sible ?+8 ,,hyl4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,phil4 ,do? ! ,,reality ( s5sible ?+s consi/ 9 be+ p]ceiv$8 or1 is x some?+ di/9ct f _! be+ p]ceiv$1 & t be>s no relation to ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,to ,,exi/ is "o ?+1 & to be ,,p]ceiv$ is ano!r4 ,,phil4 ,i speak ) reg>d to s5sible ?+s only4 ,& ( ^! ,i ask1 :e!r by _! real exi/5ce y mean a subsi/5ce ext]ior to ! m9d1 & di/9ct f _! be+ p]ceiv$8 ,,hyl4 ,i mean a real absolute be+1 di/9ct f1 & )\t any relation to1 _! be+ p]ceiv$4 ,,phil4 ,heat !re=e1 if x be all[$ a real be+1 mu/ exi/ )\t ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,x mu/4 ,,phil4 ,tell me1 ,hylas1 is ?is real exi/5ce equally compatible to all degrees ( heat1 :i* we p]ceive2 or is !re any reason :y we %\ld attribute x to "s1 & d5y x to o!rs8 ,& if !re be1 pray let me "k t reason4 ,,hyl4 ,:atev] degree ( heat we p]ceive by s5se1 we may be sure ! same exi/s 9 ! object t occasions x4 ,,phil4 ,:at6 ! greate/ z well z ! lea/8 ,,hyl4 ,i tell y1 ! reason is pla9ly ! same 9 respect ( bo?4 ,!y are bo? p]ceiv$ by s5se2 nay1 ! great] degree ( heat is m s5sibly p]ceiv$2 & consequ5tly1 if !re is any diff]5ce1 we are m c]ta9 ( its real exi/5ce ?an we c be ( ! reality ( a less] degree4 ,,phil4 ,b is n ! mo/ vehem5t & int5se degree ( heat a v great pa98 ,,hyl4 ,no "o c d5y x4 ,,phil4 ,& is any unp]ceiv+ ?+ capable ( pa9 or pleasure8 ,,hyl4 ,no1 c]ta9ly4 ,,phil4 ,is y\r mat]ial sub/ance a s5seless be+1 or a be+ end[$ ) s5se & p]ception8 ,,hyl4 ,x is s5seless )\t d\bt4 ,,phil4 ,x _c !re=e be ! subject ( pa98 ,,hyl4 ,by no means4 ,,phil4 ,nor consequ5tly ( ! greate/ heat p]ceiv$ by s5se1 s9ce y ackn[l$ge ?is to be no small pa98 ,,hyl4 ,i grant x4 ,,phil4 ,:at %all we say !n ( y\r ext]nal object2 is x a mat]ial ,sub/ance1 or no8 ,,hyl4 ,x is a mat]ial sub/ance ) ! s5sible qualities inh]+ 9 x4 ,,phil4 ,h[ !n c a great heat exi/ 9 x1 s9ce y own x _c 9 a mat]ial sub/ance8 ,i desire y w\ld cle> ?is po9t4 ,,hyl4 ,hold1 ,philon\s1 ,i fe> ,i 0 out 9 yield+ int5se heat to be a pa94 ,x %\ld seem r1 t pa9 is some?+ di/9ct f heat1 & ! consequ5ce or effect ( x4 ,,phil4 ,^u putt+ y\r h& ne> ! fire1 d y p]ceive "o simple uni=m s5sation1 or two di/9ct s5sations8 ,,hyl4 ,b "o simple s5sation4 ,,phil4 ,is n ! heat imm$iately p]ceiv$8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,& ! pa98 ,,hyl4 ,true4 ,,phil4 ,see+ !re=e !y are bo? imm$iately p]ceiv$ at ! same "t1 & ! fire affects y only ) "o simple or uncomp\nd$ idea1 x foll[s t ?is same simple idea is bo? ! int5se heat imm$iately p]ceiv$1 & ! pa92 &1 consequ5tly1 t ! int5se heat imm$iately p]ceiv$ is no?+ di/9ct f a p>ticul> sort ( pa94 ,,hyl4 ,x seems s4 ,,phil4 ,aga91 try 9 y\r ?\ghts1 ,hylas1 if y c conceive a vehem5t s5sation to be )\t pa9 or pleasure4 ,,hyl4 ,i _c4 ,,phil4 ,or c y frame to y\rself an idea ( s5sible pa9 or pleasure 9 g5]al1 ab/ract$ f e p>ticul> idea ( heat1 cold1 ta/es1 smells8 c4 ,,hyl4 ,i d n f9d t ,i c4 ,,phil4 ,do? x n !re=e foll[1 t s5sible pa9 is no?+ di/9ct f ^? s5sations or ideas1 9 an int5se degree8 ,,hyl4 ,x is und5iable2 &1 to speak ! tru?1 ,i beg9 to suspect a v great heat _c exi/ b 9 a m9d p]ceiv+ x4 ,,phil4 ,:at6 are y !n 9 t sceptical /ate ( susp5se1 betwe5 affirm+ & d5y+8 ,,hyl4 ,i ?9k ,i may be positive 9 ! po9t4 ,a v viol5t & pa9ful heat _c exi/ )\t ! m9d4 ,,phil4 ,x ha? n !re=e accord+ to y1 any ,,real be+8 ,,hyl4 ,i own x4 ,,phil4 ,is x !re=e c]ta91 t !re is no body 9 nature really hot8 ,,hyl4 ,i h n d5i$ !re is any real heat 9 bodies4 ,i only say1 !re is no su* ?+ z an int5se real heat4 ,,phil4 ,b1 did y n say be=e t all degrees ( heat 7 equally real2 or1 if !re 0 any diff]5ce1 t ! great] 7 m und\bt$ly real ?an ! less]8 ,,hyl4 ,true3 b x 0 because ,i did n !n consid] ! gr\nd !re is = di/+ui%+ betwe5 !m1 :i* ,i n[ pla9ly see4 ,& x is ?is3 because int5se heat is no?+ else b a p>ticul> k9d ( pa9ful s5sation2 & pa9 _c exi/ b 9 a p]ceiv+ be+2 x foll[s t no int5se heat c really exi/ 9 an unp]ceiv+ corporeal sub/ance4 ,b ?is is no reason :y we %\ld d5y heat 9 an inf]ior degree to exi/ 9 su* a sub/ance4 ,,phil4 ,b h[ %all we be able to disc]n ^? degrees ( heat :i* exi/ only 9 ! m9d f ^? :i* exi/ )\t x8 ,,hyl4 ,t is no difficult matt]4 ,y "k ! lea/ pa9 _c exi/ unp]ceiv$2 :atev]1 !re=e1 degree ( heat is a pa9 exi/s only 9 ! m9d4 ,b1 z = all o!r degrees ( heat1 no?+ obliges u to ?9k ! same ( !m4 ,,phil4 ,i ?9k y grant$ be=e t no unp]ceiv+ be+ 0 capable ( pleasure1 any m ?an ( pa94 ,,hyl4 ,i did4 ,,phil4 ,& is n w>m?1 or a m g5tle degree ( heat ?an :at causes uneas9ess1 a pleasure8 ,,hyl4 ,:at !n8 ,,phil4 ,consequ5tly1 x _c exi/ )\t ! m9d 9 an unp]ceiv+ sub/ance1 or body4 ,,hyl4 ,s x seems4 ,,phil4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 z well ^? degrees ( heat t are n pa9ful1 z ^? t are1 c exi/ only 9 a ?9k+ sub/ance2 may we n conclude t ext]nal bodies are absolutely incapable ( any degree ( heat :atsoev]8 ,,hyl4 ,on second ?\ghts1 ,i d n ?9k x s evid5t t w>m? is a pleasure z t a great degree ( heat is a pa94 ,,phil4 ,i d n pret5d t w>m? is z great a pleasure z heat is a pa94 ,b1 if y grant x to be ev5 a small pleasure1 x s]ves to make good my conclusion4 ,,hyl4 ,i c\ld r call x an ,,indol5ce4 ,x seems to be no?+ m ?an a privation ( bo? pa9 & pleasure4 ,& t su* a quality or /ate z ?is may agree to an un?9k+ sub/ance1 ,i hope y w n d5y4 ,,phil4 ,if y are resolv$ to ma9ta9 t w>m?1 or a g5tle degree ( heat1 is no pleasure1 ,i "k n h[ to conv9ce y o!rwise ?an by appeal+ to y\r own s5se4 ,b :at ?9k y ( cold8 ,,hyl4 ,! same t ,i d ( heat4 ,an int5se degree ( cold is a pa92 = to feel a v great cold1 is to p]ceive a great uneas9ess3 x _c !re=e exi/ )\t ! m9d2 b a less] degree ( cold may1 z well z a less] degree ( heat4 ,,phil4 ,^? bodies1 !re=e1 ^u ^: application to our own1 we p]ceive a mod]ate degree ( heat1 mu/ be conclud$ to h a mod]ate degree ( heat or w>m? 9 !m2 & ^?1 ^u ^: application we feel a l degree ( cold1 mu/ be ?\ght to h cold 9 !m4 ,,hyl4 ,!y mu/4 ,,phil4 ,c any doctr9e be true t necess>ily leads a man into an absurdity8 ,,hyl4 ,)\t d\bt x _c4 ,,phil4 ,is x n an absurdity to ?9k t ! same ?+ %\ld be at ! same "t bo? cold & w>m8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,suppose n[ "o ( y\r h&s hot1 & ! o!r cold1 & t !y are bo? at once put into ! same vessel ( wat]1 9 an int]m$iate /ate2 w n ! wat] seem cold to "o h&1 & w>m to ! o!r8 ,,hyl4 ,x w4 ,,phil4 ,ought we n !re=e1 by y\r pr9ciples1 to conclude x is really bo? cold & w>m at ! same "t1 t is1 accord+ to y\r own concession1 to believe an absurdity8 ,,hyl4 ,i confess x seems s4 ,,phil4 ,consequ5tly1 ! pr9ciples !mselves are false1 s9ce y h grant$ t no true pr9ciple leads to an absurdity4 ,,hyl4 ,b1 aft] all1 c any?+ be m absurd ?an to say1 ,,!re ,,is ,,no ,,heat ,,9 ,,! ,,fire8 ,,phil4 ,to make ! po9t /ill cle>]2 tell me :e!r1 9 two cases exactly alike1 we ought n to make ! same judgm5t8 ,,hyl4 ,we ought4 ,,phil4 ,:5 a p9 pricks y\r f+]1 do? x n r5d & divide ! fibres ( y\r fle%8 ,,hyl4 ,x do?4 ,,phil4 ,& :5 a coal burns y\r f+]1 do? x any m8 ,,hyl4 ,x do? n4 ,,phil4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 y nei!r judge ! s5sation itself occasion$ by ! p91 nor any?+ l x to be 9 ! p92 y %\ld n1 con=mably to :at y h n[ grant$1 judge ! s5sation occasion$ by ! fire1 or any?+ l x1 to be 9 ! fire4 ,,hyl4 ,well1 s9ce x mu/ be s1 ,i am cont5t to yield ?is po9t1 & ackn[l$ge t heat & cold are only s5sations exi/+ 9 our m9ds4 ,b !re /ill rema9 qualities en\gh to secure ! reality ( ext]nal ?+s4 ,,phil4 ,b :at w y say1 ,hylas1 if x %all appe> t ! case is ! same ) reg>d to all o!r s5sible qualities1 & t !y c no m be suppos$ to exi/ )\t ! m9d1 ?an heat & cold8 ,,hyl4 ,!n inde$ y w h done some?+ to ! purpose2 b t is :at ,i despair ( see+ prov$4 ,,phil4 ,let u exam9e !m 9 ord]4 ,:at ?9k y ( ,,ta/es1 d !y exi/ )\t ! m9d1 or no8 ,,hyl4 ,c any man 9 8 s5ses d\bt :e!r sug> is sweet1 or wormwood bitt]8 ,,phil4 ,in=m me1 ,hylas4 ,is a sweet ta/e a p>ticul> k9d ( pleasure or pleasant s5sation1 or is x n8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,& is n bitt]ness "s k9d ( uneas9ess or pa98 ,,hyl4 ,i grant x4 ,,phil4 ,if !re=e sug> & wormwood are un?9k+ corporeal sub/ances exi/+ )\t ! m9d1 h[ c sweetness & bitt]ness1 t is1 ,pleasure & pa91 agree to !m8 ,,hyl4 ,hold1 ,philon\s1 ,i n[ see :at x 0 delude "t4 ,y ask$ :e!r heat & cold1 sweetness at 7 n p>ticul> sorts ( pleasure & pa92 to :i* simply1 t !y 74 ,:]eas ,i %\ld h ?us di/+ui%$3 ^? qualities1 z p]ceiv$ by u1 are pleasures or pair exi/+ 9 ! ext]nal objects4 ,we mu/ n !re=e conclude absolutely1 t !re is no heat 9 ! fire1 or sweetness 9 ! sug>1 b only t heat or sweetness1 z p]ceiv$ by u1 are n 9 ! fire or sug>4 ,:at say y to ?is8 ,,phil4 ,i say x is no?+ to ! purpose4 ,our disc\rse proce$$ altoge!r conc]n+ s5sible ?+s1 :i* y def9$ to be1 ,,! ,,?+s ,,we ,,imm$iately ,,p]ceive ,,by ,,our ,,s5ses4 ,:atev] o!r qualities1 !re=e1 y speak ( z di/9ct f ^!1 ,i "k no?+ ( !m1 nei!r d !y at all belong to ! po9t 9 dispute4 ,y may1 inde$1 pret5d to h discov]$ c]ta9 qualities :i* y d n p]ceive1 & ass]t ^? ins5sible qualities exi/ 9 fire & sug>4 ,b :at use c be made ( ?is to y\r pres5t purpose1 ,i am at a loss to conceive4 ,tell me !n once m1 d y ackn[l$ge t heat & cold1 sweetness & bitt]ness 7mean+ ^? qualities :i* are p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses71 d n exi/ )\t ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,i see x is to no purpose to hold out1 s ,i give up ! cause z to ^? m5tion$ qualities4 ,?\gh ,i pr(ess x s\nds oddly1 to say t sug> is n sweet4 ,,phil4 ,b1 = y\r f>!r satisfaction1 take ?is along ) y3 t :i* at o!r times seems sweet1 %all1 to a di/emp]$ palate1 appe> bitt]4 ,&1 no?+ c be pla9] ?an t div]s p]sons p]ceive diff]5t ta/es 9 ! same food2 s9ce t :i* "o man delights 91 ano!r abhors4 ,& h[ c\ld ?is be1 if ! ta/e 0 some?+ really inh]5t 9 ! food8 ,,hyl4 ,i ackn[l$ge ,i "k n h[4 ,,phil4 ,9 ! next place1 ,,od\rs are to be consid]$4 ,&1 ) reg>d to ^!1 ,i w\ld fa9 "k :e!r :at ha? be5 said ( ta/es do? n exactly agree to !m8 ,are !y n s _m pleas+ or displeas+ s5sations8 ,,hyl4 ,!y are4 ,,phil4 ,c y !n conceive x possible t !y %\ld exi/ 9 an unp]ceiv+ ?+8 ,,hyl4 ,i _c4 ,,phil4 ,or1 c y imag9e t fil? & ordure affect ^? brute animals t fe$ on !m out ( *oice1 ) ! same smells :i* we p]ceive 9 !m8 ,,hyl4 ,by no means4 ,,phil4 ,may we n !re=e conclude ( smells1 z ( ! o!r =em5tion$ qualities1 t !y _c exi/ 9 any b a p]ceiv+ sub/ance or m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,i ?9k s4 ,,phil4 ,!n z to ,,s\nds1 :at mu/ we ?9k ( !m3 are !y accid5ts really inh]5t 9 ext]nal bodies1 or n8 ,,hyl4 ,t !y inh]e n 9 ! sonor\s bodies is pla9 f h5ce3 because a bell /ruck 9 ! exhau/$ receiv] ( an air-pump s5ds =? no s\nd4 ,! air1 !re=e1 mu/ be ?\ght ! subject ( s\nd4 ,,phil4 ,:at reason is !re = t1 ,hylas8 ,,hyl4 ,because1 :5 any motion is rais$ 9 ! air1 we p]ceive a s\nd great] or less]1 accord+ to ! air's motion2 b )\t "s motion 9 ! air1 we nev] he> any s\nd at all4 ,,phil4 ,& grant+ t we nev] he> a s\nd b :5 "s motion is produc$ 9 ! air1 yet ,i d n see h[ y c inf] f !nce1 t ! s\nd itself is 9 ! air4 ,,hyl4 ,x is ?is v motion 9 ! ext]nal air t produces 9 ! m9d ! s5sation ( ,,s\nd4 ,=1 /rik+ on ! drum ( ! e>1 x cause? a vibration1 :i* by ! auditory n]ves be+ communicat$ to ! bra91 ! s\l is !reupon affect$ ) ! s5sation call$ ,,s\nd4 ,,phil4 ,:at6 is s\nd !n a s5sation8 ,,hyl4 ,i tell y1 z p]ceiv$ by u1 x is a p>ticul> s5sation 9 ! m9d4 ,,phil4 ,& c any s5sation exi/ )\t ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,no1 c]ta9ly4 ,,phil4 ,h[ !n c s\nd1 be+ a s5sation1 exi/ 9 ! air1 if by ! ,,air y mean a s5seless sub/ance exi/+ )\t ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,y mu/ di/+ui%1 ,philon\s1 betwe5 s\nd z x is p]ceiv$ by u1 & z x is 9 itself2 or 7:i* is ! same ?+7 betwe5 ! s\nd we imm$iately p]ceive1 & t :i* exi/s )\t u4 ,! =m]1 inde$1 is a p>ticul> k9d ( s5sation1 b ! latt] is m]ely a vibrative or undulatory motion ! air4 ,,phil4 ,i ?\ght ,i _h already obviat$ t di/9ction1 by answ] ,i gave :5 y 7 apply+ x 9 a l case be=e4 ,b1 to say no m ( t1 are y sure !n t s\nd is really no?+ b motion8 ,,hyl4 ,i am4 ,,phil4 ,:atev] !re=e agrees to real s\nd1 may ) tru? be attribut$ to motion8 ,,hyl4 ,x may4 ,,phil4 ,x is !n good s5se to speak ( ,,motion z ( a ?+ t is ,,l\d1 ,,sweet1 ,,acute1 or ,,grave4 ,,hyl4 ,i see y are resolv$ n to und]/& me4 ,is x n evid5t ^? accid5ts or modes belong only to s5sible s\nd1 or ,,s\nd 9 ! common acceptation ( ! ^w1 b n to s\nd 9 ! real & philosophic s5se2 :i*1 z ,i j n[ told y1 is no?+ b a c]ta9 motion ( ! air8 ,,phil4 ,x seems !n !re are two sorts ( s\nd--! "o vulg>1 or t :i* is he>d1 ! o!r philosophical & real8 ,,hyl4 ,ev5 s4 ,,phil4 ,& ! latt] consi/s 9 motion8 ,,hyl4 ,i told y s be=e4 ,,phil4 ,tell me1 ,hylas1 to :i* ( ! s5ses1 ?9k y1 ! idea ( motion belongs8 to ! he>+8 ,,hyl4 ,no1 c]ta9ly2 b to ! sight & t\*4 ,,phil4 ,x %\ld foll[ !n1 t1 accord+ to y1 real s\nds may possibly be ,,se5 ,,or ,,felt1 b nev] ,,he>d4 ,,hyl4 ,look y1 ,philon\s1 y may1 if y please1 make a je/ ( my op9ion1 b t w n alt] ! tru? ( ?+s4 ,i own1 inde$1 ! inf]5ces y draw me into s\nd some?+ oddly2 b common language1 y "k1 is fram$ by1 & = ! use ( ! vulg>3 we mu/ n !re=e wond] if expressions adapt$ to exact philosophic notions seem unc\? & out ( ! way4 ,,phil4 ,is x come to t8 ,i assure y1 ,i imag9e myself to h ga9$ no small po9t1 s9ce y make s light ( dep>t+ f common phrases & op9ions2 x be+ a ma9 "p ( our inquiry1 to exam9e ^: notions are wide/ ( ! common road1 & mo/ repugnant to ! g5]al s5se ( ! _w4 ,b1 c y ?9k x no m ?an a philosophical p>adox1 to say t ,,real ,,s\nds ,,are ,,nev] ,,he>d1 & t ! idea ( !m is obta9$ by "s o!r s5se8 ,& is !re no?+ 9 ?is contr>y to nature & ! tru? ( ?+s8 ,,hyl4 ,to deal +5u\sly1 ,i d n l x4 ,&1 aft] ! concessions already made1 ,i _h z well grant t s\nds too h no real be+ )\t ! m9d4 ,,phil4 ,& ,i hope y w make no difficulty to ackn[l$ge ! same ( ,,col\rs4 ,,hyl4 ,p>don me3 ! case ( col\rs is v diff]5t4 ,c any?+ be pla9] ?an t we see !m on ! objects8 ,,phil4 ,! objects y speak ( are1 ,i suppose1 corporeal ,sub/ances exi/+ )\t ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,!y are4 ,,phil4 ,& h true & real col\rs inh]+ 9 !m8 ,,hyl4 ,ea* visible object ha? t col\r :i* we see 9 x4 ,,phil4 ,h[6 is !re any?+ visible b :at we p]ceive by sight8 ,,hyl4 ,!re is n4 ,,phil4 ,&1 d we p]ceive any?+ by s5se :i* we d n p]ceive imm$iately8 ,,hyl4 ,h[ (t5 mu/ ,i be oblig$ to repeat ! same ?+8 ,i tell y1 we d n4 ,,phil4 ,h pati5ce1 good ,hylas2 & tell me once m1 :e!r !re is any?+ imm$iately p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses1 except s5sible qualities4 ,i "k y ass]t$ !re 0 n2 b ,i w\ld n[ be in=m$1 :e!r y /ill p]si/ 9 ! same op9ion4 ,,hyl4 ,i d4 ,,phil4 ,pray1 is y\r corporeal sub/ance ei!r a s5sible quality1 or made up ( s5sible qualities8 ,,hyl4 ,:at a "q t is6 :o ev] ?\ght x 08 ,,phil4 ,my reason = ask+ 01 because 9 say+1 ,,ea* ,,visible ,,object ,,ha? ,,t ,,col\r ,,:i* ,,we ,,see ,,9 ,,x1 y make visible objects to be corporeal sub/ances2 :i* implies ei!r t corporeal sub/ances are s5sible qualities1 or else t !re is some?+ besides s5sible qualities p]ceiv$ by sight3 b1 z ?is po9t 0 =m]ly agre$ betwe5 u1 & is /ill ma9ta9$ by y1 x is a cle> consequ5ce1 t y\r ,,corporeal ,,sub/ance is no?+ di/9ct f ,,s5sible ,,qualities4 ,,hyl4 ,y may draw z _m absurd consequ5ces z y please1 & endeav\r to p]plex ! pla9e/ ?+s2 b y %all nev] p]suade me out ( my s5ses4 ,i cle>ly und]/& my own mean+4 ,,phil4 ,i wi% y w\ld make me und]/& x too4 ,b1 s9ce y are unwill+ to h y\r notion ( corporeal sub/ance exam9$1 ,i %all urge t po9t no f>!r4 ,only be pleas$ to let me "k1 :e!r ! same col\rs :i* we see exi/ 9 ext]nal bodies1 or "s o!r4 ,,hyl4 ,! v same4 ,,phil4 ,:at6 are !n ! beautiful r$ & purple we see on yond] cl\ds really 9 !m8 ,or d y imag9e !y h 9 !mselves any o!r =m ?an t ( a d>k mi/ or vap\r8 ,,hyl4 ,i mu/ own1 ,philon\s1 ^? col\rs are n really 9 ! cl\ds z !y seem to be at ?is di/ance4 ,!y are only app>5t col\rs4 ,,phil4 ,,app>5t call y !m8 h[ %all we di/+ui% ^! app>5t col\rs f real8 ,,hyl4 ,v easily4 ,^? are to be ?\ght app>5t :i*1 appe>+ only at a di/ance1 vani% ^u a ne>] approa*4 ,,phil4 ,& ^?1 ,i suppose1 are to be ?\ght real :i* are discov]$ by ! mo/ ne> & exact survey4 ,,hyl4 ,"r4 ,,phil4 ,is ! ne>e/ & exacte/ survey made by ! help ( a microscope1 or by ! nak$ eye8 ,,hyl4 ,by a microscope1 d\btless4 ,,phil4 ,b a microscope (t5 discov]s col\rs 9 an object diff]5t f ^? p]ceiv$ by ! unassi/$ sight4 ,&1 9 case we _h microscopes magnify+ to any assign$ degree1 x is c]ta9 t no object :atsoev]1 view$ ?r\gh !m1 w\ld appe> 9 ! same col\r :i* x exhibits to ! nak$ eye4 ,,hyl4 ,& :at w y conclude f all ?is8 ,y _c argue t !re are really & naturally no col\rs on objects3 because by artificial managem5ts !y may be alt]$1 or made to vani%4 ,,phil4 ,i ?9k x may evid5tly be conclud$ f y\r own concessions1 t all ! col\rs we see ) our nak$ eyes are only app>5t z ^? on ! cl\ds1 s9ce !y vani% ^u a m close & accurate inspection :i* is af=d$ u by a microscope4 ,!n' z to :at y say by way ( prev5tion3 ,i ask y :e!r ! real & natural /ate ( an object is bett] discov]$ by a v %>p & pi]c+ sight1 or by "o :i* is less %>p8 ,,hyl4 ,by ! =m] )\t d\bt4 ,,phil4 ,is x n pla9 f ,,dioptrics t microscopes make ! sight m p5etrat+1 & repres5t objects z !y w\ld appe> to ! eye 9 case x 7 naturally end[$ ) a mo/ exquisite %>pness8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,consequ5tly ! microscopical repres5tation is to be ?\ght t :i* be/ sets =? ! real nature ( ! ?+1 or :at x is 9 itself4 ,! col\rs1 !re=e1 by x p]ceiv$ are m g5u9e & real ?an ^? p]ceiv$ o!rwise4 ,,hyl4 ,i confess !re is some?+ 9 :at y say4 ,,phil4 ,besides1 x is n only possible b manife/1 t !re actually are animals ^: eyes are by nature fram$ to p]ceive ^? ?+s :i* by reason ( _! m9ut5ess escape our sight4 ,:at ?9k y ( ^? inconceivably small animals p]ceiv$ by glasses8 mu/ we suppose !y are all />k bl9d8 ,or1 9 case !y see1 c x be imag9$ _! sight ha? n ! same use 9 pres]v+ _! bodies f injuries1 :i* appe>s 9 t ( all o!r animals8 ,& if x ha?1 is x n evid5t !y mu/ see p>ticles less ?an _! own bodies2 :i* w pres5t !m ) a f> diff]5t view 9 ea* object f t :i* /rikes our s5ses8 ,ev5 our own eyes d n always repres5t objects to u aft] ! same mann]4 ,9 ! jaundice e "o kn[s t all ?+s seem yell[4 ,is x n !re=e highly probable ^? animals 9 ^: eyes we disc]n a v diff]5t texture f t ( ours1 & ^: bodies ab\nd ) diff]5t hum\rs1 d n see ! same col\rs 9 e object t we d8 ,f all :i*1 %\ld x n seem to foll[ t all col\rs are equally app>5t1 & t none ( ^? :i* we p]ceive are really inh]5t 9 any outw>d object8 ,,hyl4 ,x %\ld4 ,,phil4 ,! po9t w be pa/ all d\bt1 if y consid] t1 9 case col\rs 7 real prop]ties or affections inh]5t 9 ext]nal bodies1 !y c\ld admit ( no alt]ation )\t "s *ange wr\ght 9 ! v bodies !mselves3 b1 is x n evid5t f :at ha? be5 said t1 ^u ! use ( microscopes1 ^u a *ange happ5+ 9 ! burn\ts ( ! eye1 or a v>iation ( di/ance1 )\t any mann] ( real alt]ation 9 ! ?+ itself1 ! col\rs ( any object are ei!r *ang$1 or totally disappe>8 ,nay1 all o!r circum/ances rema9+ ! same1 *ange b ! situation ( "s objects1 & !y %all pres5t diff]5t col\rs to ! eye4 ,! same ?+ happ5s ^u view+ an object 9 v>i\s degrees ( light4 ,& :at is m kn[n ?an t ! same bodies appe> diff]5tly col\r$ by c&le-light f :at !y d 9 ! op5 day8 ,add to ^! ! exp]im5t ( a prism :i*1 sep>at+ ! het]og5e\s rays ( light1 alt]s ! col\r ( any object1 & w cause ! :ite/ to appe> ( a deep blue or r$ to ! nak$ eye4 ,& n[ tell me :e!r y are /ill ( op9ion t e body ha? its true real col\r inh]+ 9 x2 &1 if y ?9k x ha?1 ,i w\ld fa9 "k f>!r f y1 :at c]ta9 di/ance & position ( ! object1 :at peculi> texture & =mation ( ! eye1 :at degree or k9d ( light is necess>y = asc]ta9+ t true col\r1 & di/+ui%+ x f app>5t ones4 ,,hyl4 ,i own myself entirely satisfi$1 t !y are all equally app>5t1 & t !re is no su* ?+ z col\r really inh]+ 9 ext]nal bodies1 b t x is altoge!r 9 ! light4 ,& :at confirms me 9 ?is op9ion is1 t 9 proportion to ! light col\rs are /ill m or less vivid2 & if !re be no light1 !n are !re no col\rs p]ceiv$4 ,besides1 all[+ !re are col\rs on ext]nal objects1 yet1 h[ is x possible = u to p]ceive !m8 ,= no ext]nal body affects ! m9d1 unless x acts fir/ on our organs ( s5se4 ,b ! only action ( bodies is motion2 & motion _c be communicat$ o!rwise ?an by impulse4 ,a di/ant object !re=e _c act on ! eye2 nor consequ5tly make itself or its prop]ties p]ceivable to ! s\l4 ,:5ce x pla9ly foll[s t x is imm$iately "s contigu\s sub/ance1 :i*1 op]at+ on ! eye1 occasions a p]ception ( col\rs3 & su* is light4 ,,phil4 ,h[l is light !n a sub/ance8 ,,hyl4 4 ,i tell y1 ,philon\s1 ext]nal light is no?+ b a ?9 fluid sub/ance1 ^: m9ute p>ticles be+ agitat$ ) a brisk motion1 & 9 v>i\s mann]s reflect$ f ! diff]5t surfaces ( outw>d objects to ! eyes1 communicate diff]5t motions to ! optic n]ves2 :i*1 be+ propagat$ to ! bra91 cause !re9 v>i\s impressions2 & ^! are att5d$ ) ! s5sations ( r$1 blue1 yell[1 c4 ,,phil4 ,x seems !n ! light do? no m ?an %ake ! optic n]ves4 ,,hyl4 ,no?+ else4 ,,phil4 ,& consequ5t to ea* p>ticul> motion ( ! n]ves1 ! m9d is affect$ ) a s5sation1 :i* is "s p>ticul> col\r4 ,,hyl4 ,"r4 ,,phil4 ,& ^! s5sations h no exi/5ce )\t ! m9d4 ,,hyl4 ,!y h n4 ,,phil4 ,h[ !n d y affirm t col\rs are 9 ! light2 s9ce by ,,light y und]/& a corporeal sub/ance ext]nal to ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,light & col\rs1 z imm$iately p]ceiv$ by u1 ,i grant _c exi/ )\t ! m9d4 ,b 9 !mselves !y are only ! motions & configurations ( c]ta9 ins5sible p>ticles ( matt]4 ,,phil4 ,col\rs !n1 9 ! vulg> s5se1 or tak5 = ! imm$iate objects ( sight1 _c agree to any b a p]ceiv+ sub/ance4 ,,hyl4 ,t is :at ,i say4 ,,phil4 ,well !n1 s9ce y give up ! po9t z to ^? s5sible qualities :i* are alone ?\ght col\rs by all mank9d beside1 y may hold :at y please ) reg>d to ^? invisible ones ( ! philosoph]s4 ,x is n my bus9ess to dispute ab\t ,,!m2 only ,i w\ld advise y to be?9k y\rself1 :e!r1 consid]+ ! inquiry we are ^u1 x be prud5t = y to affirm--,,! ,,r$ ,,& ,,blue ,,:i* ,,we ,,see ,,are ,,n ,,real ,,col\rs1 ,,b ,,c]ta9 ,,unkn[n ,,motions ,,& ,,figures ,,:i* ,,no ,,man ,,ev] ,,did ,,or ,,c ,,see ,,are ,,truly ,,s4 ,are n ^! %ock+ notions1 & are n !y subject to z _m ridicul\s inf]5ces1 z ^? y 7 oblig$ to r5\nce be=e 9 ! case ( s\nds8 ,,hyl4 ,i frankly own1 ,philon\s1 t x is 9 va9 to long]4 ,col\rs1 s\nds1 ta/es1 9 a ^w all ^? t]m$ ,,second>y ,,qualities1 h c]ta9ly no exi/5ce )\t ! m9d4 ,b by ?is ackn[l$gm5t ,i mu/ n be suppos$ to d]ogate1 ! reality ( ,matt]1 or ext]nal objects2 see+ x is no m ?an sev]al philosoph]s ma9ta91 :o nev]!less are ! f>!/ imag9able f d5y+ ,matt]4 ,= ! cle>] und]/&+ ( ?is1 y mu/ "k s5sible qualities are by philosoph]s divid$ into ,,prim>y & ,,second>y4 ,! =m] are ,ext5sion1 ,figure1 ,solidity1 ,gravity1 ,motion1 & ,re/2 & ^! !y hold exi/ really 9 bodies4 ,! latt] are ^? above enum]at$2 or1 briefly1 ,,all ,,s5sible ,,qualities ,,beside ,,! ,,prim>y2 :i* !y ass]t are only s _m s5sations or ideas exi/+ n[h]e b 9 ! m9d4 ,b all ?is1 ,i d\bt n1 y are appris$ (4 ,= my "p1 ,i h be5 a long "t s5sible !re 0 su* an op9ion curr5t among philosoph]s1 b 0 nev] ?or\ghly conv9c$ ( its tru? until n[4 ,,phil4 ,y are /ill !n ( op9ion t ,,ext5sion & ,,figures are inh]5t 9 ext]nal un?9k+ sub/ances8 ,,hyl4 ,i am4 ,,phil4 ,b :at if ! same argum5ts :i* are br\ght aga9/ ,second>y ,qualities w hold good aga9/ ^! also8 ,,hyl4 ,:y !n ,i %all be oblig$ to ?9k1 !y too exi/ only 9 ! m9d4 ,,phil4 ,is x y\r op9ion ! v figure & ext5sion :i* y p]ceive by s5se exi/ 9 ! outw>d object or mat]ial sub/ance8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,h all o!r animals z good gr\nds to ?9k ! same ( ! figure & ext5sion :i* !y see & feel8 ,,hyl4 ,)\t d\bt1 if !y h any ?\ght at all4 ,,phil4 ,answ] me1 ,hylas4 ,?9k y ! s5ses 7 be/[$ ^u all animals = _! pres]vation & well-be+ 9 life8 or 7 !y giv5 to m5 alone = ?is end8 ,,hyl4 ,i make no "q b !y h ! same use 9 all o!r animals4 ,,phil4 ,if s1 is x n necess>y !y %\ld be enabl$ by !m to p]ceive _! own limbs1 & ^? bodies :i* are capable ( h>m+ !m8 ,,hyl4 ,c]ta9ly4 ,,phil4 ,a mite !re=e mu/ be suppos$ to see 8 own foot1 & ?+s equal or ev5 less ?an x1 z bodies ( "s consid]able dim5sion2 ?\gh at ! same "t !y appe> to y sc>ce disc]nible1 or at be/ z s _m visible po9ts8 ,,hyl4 ,i _c d5y x4 ,,phil4 ,& to creatures less ?an ! mite !y w seem yet l>g]8 ,,hyl4 ,!y w4 ,,phil4 ,insomu* t :at y c h>dly disc]n w to ano!r extremely m9ute animal appe> z "s huge m\nta98 ,,hyl4 ,all ?is ,i grant4 ,,phil4 ,c "o & ! same ?+ be at ! same "t 9 itself ( diff]5t dim5sions8 ,,hyl4 ,t 7 absurd to imag9e4 ,,phil4 ,b1 f :at y h laid d[n x foll[s t bo? ! ext5sion by y p]ceiv$1 & t p]ceiv$ by ! mite itself1 z likewise all ^? p]ceiv$ by less] animals1 are ea* ( !m ! true ext5sion ( ! mite's foot2 t is to say1 by y\r own pr9ciples y are l$ into an absurdity4 ,,hyl4 ,!re seems to be "s difficulty 9 ! po9t4 ,,phil4 ,aga91 h y n ackn[l$g$ t no real inh]5t prop]ty ( any object c be *ang$ )\t "s *ange 9 ! ?+ itself8 ,,hyl4 ,i h4 ,,phil4 ,b1 z we approa* to or rec$e f an object1 ! visible ext5sion v>ies1 be+ at "o di/ance t5 or a hundr$ times great] ?an ano!r4 ,do? x n !re=e foll[ f h5ce likewise t x is n really inh]5t 9 ! object8 ,,hyl4 ,i own ,i am at a loss :at to ?9k4 ,,phil4 ,y\r judgm5t w soon be det]m9$1 if y w v5ture to ?9k z freely conc]n+ ?is quality z y h done conc]n+ ! re/4 ,0 x n admitt$ z a good argum5t1 t nei!r heat nor cold 0 9 ! wat]1 because x seem$ w>m to "o h& & cold to ! o!r8 ,,hyl4 ,x 04 ,,phil4 ,is x n ! v same reason+ to conclude1 !re is no ext5sion or figure 9 an object1 because to "o eye x %all seem little1 smoo?1 & r\nd1 :5 at ! same "t x appe>s to ! o!r1 great1 unev51 & regul>8 ,,hyl4 ,! v same4 ,b does ?is latt] fact ev] happ58 ,,phil4 ,y may at any "t make ! exp]im5t1 by look+ ) "o eye b>e1 & ) ! o!r ?r\gh a microscope4 ,,hyl4 ,i "k n h[ to ma9ta9 x2 & yet ,i am loa? to give up ,,ext5sion1 ,i see s _m odd consequ5ces foll[+ ^u su* a concession4 ,,phil4 ,odd1 say y8 ,aft] ! concessions already made1 ,i hope y w /ick at no?+ = its oddness4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld x n seem v odd1 if ! g5]al reason+ :i* includes all o!r s5sible qualities did n also include ext5sion8 ,if x be all[$ t no idea1 nor any?+ l an idea1 c exi/ 9 an unp]ceiv+ sub/ance1 !n surely x foll[s t no figure1 or mode ( ext5sion1 :i* we c ei!r p]ceive1 or imag9e1 or h any idea (1 c be really inh]5t 9 ,matt]2 n to m5tion ! peculi> difficulty !re mu/ be 9 conceiv+ a mat]ial sub/ance1 prior to & di/9ct f ext5sion to be ! ,,sub/ratum ( ext5sion4 ,be ! s5sible quality :at x w--figure1 or s\nd1 or col\r1 x seems alike impossible x %\ld subsi/ 9 t :i* do? n p]ceive x4 ,,hyl4 ,i give up ! po9t = ! pres5t1 res]v+ /ill a "r to retract my op9ion1 9 case ,i %all h]eaft] discov] any false /ep 9 my progress to x4 ,,phil4 ,t is a "r y _c be d5i$4 ,figures & ext5sion be+ despat*$1 we proce$ next to ,,motion4 ,c a real motion 9 any ext]nal body be at ! same "t v swift & v sl[8 ,,hyl4 ,x _c4 ,,phil4 ,is n ! motion ( a body swift 9 a reciprocal proportion to ! "t x takes up 9 describ+ any giv5 space8 ,?us a body t describes a mile 9 an h\r moves ?ree times fa/] ?an x w\ld 9 case x describ$ only a mile 9 ?ree h\rs4 ,,hyl4 ,i agree ) y4 ,,phil4 ,& is n "t measur$ by ! succession ( ideas 9 our m9ds8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,& is x n possible ideas %\ld succe$ "o ano!r twice z fa/ 9 y\r m9d z !y d 9 m9e1 or 9 t ( "s _s ( ano!r k9d8 ,,hyl4 ,i own x4 ,,phil4 ,consequ5tly ! same body may to ano!r seem to p]=m its motion ov] any space 9 half ! "t t x do? to y4 ,& ! same reason+ w hold z to any o!r proportion3 t is to say1 accord+ to y\r pr9ciples 7s9ce ! motions p]ceiv$ are bo? really 9 ! object7 x is possible "o & ! same body %all be really mov$ ! same way at once1 bo? v swift & v sl[4 ,h[ is ?is consi/5t ei!r ) common s5se1 or ) :at y j n[ grant$8 ,,hyl4 ,i h no?+ to say to x4 ,,phil4 ,!n z = ,,solidity2 ei!r y d n mean any s5sible quality by t ^w1 & s x is beside our inquiry3 or if y d1 x mu/ be ei!r h>dness or resi/ance4 ,b bo? ! "o & ! o!r are pla9ly relative to our s5ses3 x be+ evid5t t :at seems h>d to "o animal may appe> s(t to ano!r1 :o ha? great] =ce & firmness ( limbs4 ,nor is x less pla9 t ! resi/ance ,i feel is n 9 ! body4 ,,hyl4 ,i own ! v ,,s5sation ( resi/ance1 :i* is all y imm$iately p]ceive1 is n 9 ! body2 b ! ,,cause ( t s5sation is4 ,,phil4 ,b ! causes ( our s5sations are n ?+s imm$iately p]ceiv$1 & !re=e are n s5sible4 ,?is po9t ,i ?\ght _h be5 already det]m9$4 ,,hyl4 ,i own x 02 b y w p>don me if ,i seem a little emb>rass$3 ,i "k n h[ to quit my old notions4 ,,phil4 ,to help y out1 d b consid] t if ,,ext5sion be once ackn[l$g$ to h no exi/5ce )\t ! m9d1 ! same mu/ necess>ily be grant$ ( motion1 solidity1 & gravity2 s9ce !y all evid5tly suppose ext5sion4 ,x is !re=e sup]flu\s to inquire p>ticul>ly conc]n+ ea* ( !m4 ,9 d5y+ ext5sion1 y h d5i$ !m all to h any real exi/5ce4 ,,hyl4 ,i wond]1 ,philon\s1 if :at y say be true1 :y ^? philosoph]s :o d5y ! ,second>y ,qualities any real exi/5ce %\ld yet attribute x to ! ,prim>y4 ,if !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 !m1 h[ c ?is be acc\nt$ =8 ,,phil4 ,x is n my bus9ess to acc\nt = e op9ion ( ! philosoph]s4 ,b1 among o!r reasons :i* may be assign$ = ?is1 x seems probable t pleasure & pa9 be+ r annex$ to ! =m] ?an ! latt] may be "o4 ,heat & cold1 ta/es & smells1 h some?+ m vividly pleas+ or disagreeable ?an ! ideas ( ext5sion1 figure1 & motion affect u )4 ,&1 x be+ too visibly absurd to hold t pa9 or pleasure c be 9 an unp]ceiv+ sub/ance1 m5 are m easily wean$ f believ+ ! ext]nal exi/5ce ( ! ,second>y ?an ! ,prim>y ,qualities4 ,y w be satisfi$ !re is some?+ 9 ?is1 if y recollect ! diff]5ce y made betwe5 an int5se & m mod]ate degree ( heat2 all[+ ! "o a real exi/5ce1 :ile y d5i$ x to ! o!r4 ,b1 aft] all1 !re is no rational gr\nd = t di/9ction2 =1 surely an indiff]5t s5sation is z truly a ,,s5sation z "o m pleas+ or pa9ful2 & consequ5tly %\ld n any m ?an !y be suppos$ to exi/ 9 an un?9k+ subject4 ,,hyl4 ,x is j come into my head1 ,philon\s1 t ,i h some:]e he>d ( a di/9ction betwe5 absolute & s5sible ext5sion4 ,n[1 ?\gh x be ackn[l$g$ t ,,great & ,,small1 consi/+ m]ely 9 ! relation :i* o!r ext5d$ be+s h to ! p>ts ( our own bodies1 d n really inh]e 9 ! sub/ances !mselves2 yet no?+ obliges u to hold ! same ) reg>d to ,,absolute ,,ext5sion1 :i* is some?+ ab/ract$ f ,,great & ,,small1 f ?is or t p>ticul> magnitude or figure4 ,s likewise z to motion2 ,,swift & ,,sl[ are altoge!r relative to ! succession ( ideas 9 our own m9ds4 ,b1 x do? n foll[1 because ^? modifications ( motion exi/ n )\t ! m9d1 t !re=e absolute motion ab/ract$ f !m do? n4 ,,phil4 ,pray :at is x t di/+ui%es "o motion1 or "o "p ( ext5sion1 f ano!r8 ,is x n some?+ s5sible1 z "s degree ( swiftness or sl[ness1 "s c]ta9 magnitude or figure peculi> to ea*8 ,,hyl4 ,i ?9k s4 ,,phil4 ,^! qualities1 !re=e1 /ripp$ ( all s5sible prop]ties1 are )\t all specific & num]ical diff]5ces1 z ! s*ools call !m4 ,,hyl4 ,!y are4 ,,phil4 ,t is to say1 !y are ext5sion 9 g5]al1 & motion 9 g5]al4 ,,hyl4 ,let x be s4 ,,phil4 ,b x is a univ]sally receiv$ maxim t ,,ev]y?+ ,,:i* ,,exi/s ,,is ,,p>ticul>4 ,h[ !n c motion 9 g5]al1 or ext5sion 9 g5]al1 exi/ 9 any corporeal sub/ance8 ,,hyl4 ,i w take "t to solve y\r difficulty4 ,,phil4 ,b ,i ?9k ! po9t may be spe$ily decid$4 ,)\t d\bt y c tell :e!r y are able to frame ?is or t idea4 ,n[ ,i am cont5t to put our dispute on ?is issue4 ,if y c frame 9 y\r ?\ghts a di/9ct ,,ab/ract ,,idea ( motion or ext5sion1 dive/$ ( all ^? s5sible modes1 z swift & sl[1 great & small1 r\nd & squ>e1 & ! l1 :i* are ackn[l$g$ to exi/ only 9 ! m9d1 ,i w !n yield ! po9t y cont5d =4 ,b if y _c1 x w be unreasonable on y\r side to insi/ any long] ^u :at y h no notion (4 ,,hyl4 ,to confess +5u\sly1 ,i _c4 ,,phil4 ,c y ev5 sep>ate ! ideas ( ext5sion & motion f ! ideas ( all ^? qualities :i* !y :o make ! di/9ction t]m ,,second>y8 ,,hyl4 ,:at6 is x n an easy matt] to consid] ext5sion & motion by !mselves1 ab/ract$ f all o!r s5sible qualities8 ,pray h[ d ! ma!maticians treat ( !m8 ,,phil4 ,i ackn[l$ge1 ,hylas1 x is n difficult to =m g5]al propositions & reason+s ab\t ^? qualities1 )\t m5tion+ any o!r2 &1 9 ?is s5se1 to consid] or treat ( !m ab/ract$ly4 ,b1 h[ do? x foll[ t1 because ,i c pron\nce ! ^w ,,motion by itself1 ,i c =m ! idea ( x 9 my m9d exclusive ( body8 or1 because !orems may be made ( ext5sion & figures1 )\t any m5tion ( ,,great or ,,small1 or any o!r s5sible mode or quality1 t !re=e x is possible su* an ab/ract idea ( ext5sion1 )\t any p>ticul> size or figure1 or s5sible quality1 %\ld be di/9ctly =m$1 & appreh5d$ by ! m9d8 ,ma!maticians treat ( quantity1 )\t reg>d+ :at o!r s5sible qualities x is att5d$ )1 z be+ altoge!r indiff]5t to _! demon/rations4 ,b1 :5 lay+ aside ! words1 !y contemplate ! b>e ideas1 ,i believe y w f9d1 !y are n ! pure ab/ract$ ideas ( ext5sion4 ,,hyl4 ,b :at say y to ,,pure ,,intellect8 ,may n ab/ract$ ideas be fram$ by t faculty8 ,,phil4 ,s9ce ,i _c frame ab/ract ideas at all1 x is pla9 ,i _c frame !m by ! help ( ,,pure ,,intellect2 :atsoev] faculty y und]/& by ^? words4 ,besides1 n to inquire into ! nature ( pure intellect & its spiritual objects1 z ,,virtue1 ,,reason1 ,,god1 or ! l1 ?us mu* seems manife/--t s5sible ?+s are only to be p]ceiv$ by s5se1 or repres5t$ by ! imag9ation4 ,figures1 !re=e1 & ext5sion1 be+ orig9ally p]ceiv$ by s5se1 d n belong to pure intellect3 b1 = y\r f>!r satisfaction1 try if y c frame ! idea ( any figure1 ab/ract$ f all p>ticul>ities ( size1 or ev5 f o!r s5sible qualities4 ,,hyl4 ,let me ?9k a little--,i d n f9d t ,i c4 ,,phil4 ,& c y ?9k x possible t %\ld really exi/ 9 nature :i* implies a repugnancy 9 its conception8 ,,hyl4 ,by no means4 ,,phil4 ,s9ce !re=e x is impossible ev5 = ! m9d to disunite ! ideas ( ext5sion & motion f all o!r s5sible qualities1 do? x n foll[1 t :]e ! "o exi/ !re necess>ily ! o!r exi/ likewise8 ,,hyl4 ,x %\ld seem s4 ,,phil4 ,consequ5tly1 ! v same argum5ts :i* y admitt$ z conclusive aga9/ ! ,second>y ,qualities are1 )\t any f>!r application ( =ce1 aga9/ ! ,prim>y too4 ,besides1 if y w tru/ y\r s5ses1 is x n pla9 all s5sible qualities coexi/1 or to !m appe> z be+ 9 ! same place8 ,d !y ev] repres5t a motion1 or figure1 z be+ dive/$ ( all o!r visible & tangible qualities8 ,,hyl4 ,y ne$ say no m on ?is head4 ,i am free to own1 if !re be no secret error or ov]sight 9 our proce$+s hi!rto1 t all s5sible qualities are alike to be d5i$ exi/5ce )\t ! m9d4 ,b1 my fe> is t ,i h be5 too lib]al 9 my =m] concessions1 or ov]look$ "s fallacy or o!r4 ,9 %ort1 ,i did n take "t to ?9k4 ,,phil4 ,= t matt]1 ,hylas1 y may take :at "t y please 9 review+ ! progress ( our inquiry4 ,y are at lib]ty to recov] any slips y might h made1 or (f] :atev] y h omitt$ :i* makes = y\r fir/ op9ion4 ,,hyl4 ,"o great ov]sight ,i take to be ?is--t ,i did n suffici5tly di/+ui% ! ,,object f ! ,,s5sation4 ,n[1 ?\gh ?is latt] may n exi/ )\t ! m9d1 yet x w n !nce foll[ t ! =m] _c4 ,,phil4 ,:at object d y mean8 ! object ( ! s5ses8 ,,hyl4 ,! same4 ,,phil4 ,x is !n imm$iately p]ceiv$8 ,,hyl4 ,"r4 ,,phil4 ,make me to und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at is imm$iately p]ceiv$ & a s5sation4 ,,hyl4 ,! s5sation ,i take to be an act ( ! m9d p]ceiv+2 besides :i*1 !re is some?+ p]ceiv$2 & ?is ,i call ! ,,object4 ,= example1 !re is r$ & yell[ on t tulip4 ,b !n ! act ( p]ceiv+ ^? col\rs is 9 me only1 & n 9 ! tulip4 ,,phil4 ,:at tulip d y speak (8 ,is x t :i* y see8 ,,hyl4 ,! same4 ,,phil4 ,& :at d y see beside col\r1 figure1 & ext5sion8 ,,hyl4 ,no?+4 ,,phil4 ,:at y w\ld say !n is t ! r$ & yell[ are coexi/5t ) ! ext5sion2 is x n8 ,,hyl4 ,t is n all2 ,i w\ld say !y h a real exi/5ce )\t ! m9d1 9 "s un?9k+ sub/ance4 ,,phil4 ,t ! col\rs are really 9 ! tulip :i* ,i see is manife/4 ,nei!r c x be d5i$ t ?is tulip may exi/ indep5d5t ( y\r m9d or m9e2 b1 t any imm$iate object ( ! s5ses1--t is1 any idea1 or comb9ation ( ideas--%\ld exi/ 9 an un?9k+ sub/ance1 or ext]ior to ,,all m9ds1 is 9 itself an evid5t contradiction4 ,nor c ,i imag9e h[ ?is foll[s f :at y said j n[1 to wit1 t ! r$ & yell[ 7 on ! tulip y ,,saw1 s9ce y d n pret5d to ,,see t un?9k+ sub/ance4 ,,hyl4 ,y h an artful way1 ,philon\s1 ( div]t+ our inquiry f ! subject4 ,,phil4 ,i see y h no m9d to be press$ t way4 ,to return !n to y\r di/9ction betwe5 ,,s5sation & ,,object2 if ,i take y "r1 y di/+ui% 9 e p]ception two ?+s1 ! "o an action ( ! m9d1 ! o!r n4 ,,hyl4 ,true4 ,,phil4 ,& ?is action _c exi/ 91 or belong to1 any un?9k+ ?+2 b1 :atev] beside is impli$ 9 a p]ception may8 ,,hyl4 ,t is my mean+4 ,,phil4 ,s t if !re 0 a p]ception )\t any act ( ! m9d1 x 7 possible su* a p]ception %\ld exi/ 9 an un?9k+ sub/ance8 ,,hyl4 ,i grant x4 ,b x is impossible !re %\ld be su* a p]ception4 ,,phil4 ,:5 is ! m9d said to be active8 ,,hyl4 ,:5 x produces1 puts an end to1 or *anges1 any?+4 ,,phil4 ,c ! m9d produce1 discont9ue1 or *ange any?+1 b by an act ( ! w8 ,,hyl4 ,x _c4 ,,phil4 ,! m9d !re=e is to be acc\nt$ ,,active 9 its p]ceptions s f> =? z ,,volition is includ$ 9 !m8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,9 pluck+ ?is fl[] ,i am active2 because ,i d x by ! motion ( my h&1 :i* 0 consequ5t ^u my volition2 s likewise 9 apply+ x to my nose4 ,b is ei!r ( ^! smell+8 ,,hyl4 ,,no4 ,,phil4 ,i act too 9 draw+ ! air ?r\gh my nose2 because my brea?+ s r ?an o!rwise is ! effect ( my volition4 ,b nei!r c ?is be call$ ,,smell+3 =1 if x 71 ,i %\ld smell e "t ,i brea!d 9 t mann]8 ,,hyl4 ,true4 ,,phil4 ,smell+ !n is some:at consequ5t to all ?is8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,b ,i d n f9d my w conc]n$ any f>!r4 ,:atev] m !re is--z t ,i p]ceive su* a p>ticul> smell1 or any smell at all--?is is indep5d5t ( my w1 & !re9 ,i am altoge!r passive4 ,d y f9d x o!rwise ) y1 ,hylas8 ,,hyl4 ,no1 ! v same4 ,,phil4 ,!n1 z to see+1 is x n 9 y\r p[] to op5 y\r eyes1 or keep !m %ut2 to turn !m ?is or t way8 ,,hyl4 ,)\t d\bt4 ,,phil4 ,b1 do? x 9 l mann] dep5d on ,,y\r w t 9 look+ on ?is fl[] y p]ceive ,,:ite r ?an any o!r col\r8 ,or1 direct+ y\r op5 eyes t[>ds yond] "p ( ! heav51 c y avoid see+ ! sun8 ,or is light or d>kness ! effect ( y\r volition8 ,,hyl4 ,no1 c]ta9ly4 ,,phil4 ,y are !n 9 ^! respects altoge!r passive8 ,,hyl4 ,i am4 ,,phil4 ,tell me n[1 :e!r ,,see+ consi/s 9 p]ceiv+ light & col\rs1 or 9 op5+ & turn+ ! eyes8 ,,hyl4 ,)\t d\bt1 9 ! =m]4 ,,phil4 ,s9ce !re=e y are 9 ! v p]ception ( light & col\rs altoge!r passive1 :at is become ( t action y 7 speak+ ( z an +r$i5t 9 e s5sation8 ,&1 do? x n foll[ f y\r own concessions1 t ! p]ception ( light & col\rs1 includ+ no action 9 x1 may exi/ 9 an unp]ceiv+ sub/ance8 ,& is n ?is a pla9 contradiction8 ,,hyl4 ,i "k n :at to ?9k ( x4 ,,phil4 ,besides1 s9ce y di/+ui% ! ,,active & ,,passive 9 e p]ception1 y mu/ d x 9 t ( pa94 ,b h[ is x possible t pa91 be x z little active z y please1 %\ld exi/ 9 an unp]ceiv+ sub/ance8 ,9 %ort1 d b consid] ! po9t1 & !n confess +5u\sly1 :e!r light & col\rs1 ta/es1 s\nds1 c4 are n all equally passions or s5sations 9 ! s\l4 ,y may inde$ call !m ,,ext]nal ,,objects1 & give !m 9 words :at subsi/5ce y please4 ,b1 exam9e y\r own ?\ghts1 & !n tell me :e!r x be n z ,i say8 ,,hyl4 ,i ackn[l$ge1 ,philon\s1 t1 ^u a fair obs]vation ( :at passes 9 my m9d1 ,i c discov] no?+ else b t ,i am a ?9k+ be+1 affect$ ) v>iety ( s5sations2 nei!r is x possible to conceive h[ a s5sation %\ld exi/ 9 an unp]ceiv+ sub/ance4 ,b !n1 on ! o!r h&1 :5 ,i look on s5sible ?+s 9 a diff]5t view1 consid]+ !m z s _m modes & qualities1 ,i f9d x necess>y to suppose a ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ratum1 )\t :i* !y _c be conceiv$ to exi/4 ,,phil4 ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ratum call y x8 ,pray1 by :i* ( y\r s5ses came y acqua9t$ ) t be+8 ,,hyl4 ,x is n itself s5sible2 its modes & qualities only be+ p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,,phil4 ,i presume !n x 0 by reflexion & reason y obta9$ ! idea ( x8 ,,hyl4 ,i d n pret5d to any prop] positive ,,idea ( x4 ,h[ev]1 ,i conclude x exi/s1 because qualities _c be conceiv$ to exi/ )\t a support4 ,,phil4 ,x seems !n y h only a relative ,,notion ( x1 or t y conceive x n o!rwise ?an by conceiv+ ! relation x be>s to s5sible qualities8 ,,hyl4 ,"r4 ,,phil4 ,be pleas$ !re=e to let me "k :]e9 t relation consi/s4 ,,hyl4 ,is x n suffici5tly express$ 9 ! t]m ,,sub/ratum1 or ,,sub/ance8 ,,phil4 ,if s1 ! ^w ,,sub/ratum %\ld import t x is spread "u ! s5sible qualities or accid5ts8 ,,hyl4 ,true4 ,,phil4 ,& consequ5tly "u ext5sion8 ,,hyl4 ,i own x4 ,,phil4 ,x is !re=e some:at 9 its own nature entirely di/9ct f ext5sion8 ,,hyl4 ,i tell y1 ext5sion is only a mode1 & ,matt] is some?+ t supports modes4 ,& is x n evid5t ! ?+ support$ is diff]5t f ! ?+ support+8 ,,phil4 ,s t some?+ di/9ct f1 & exclusive (1 ext5sion is suppos$ to be ! ,,sub/ratum ( ext5sion8 ,,hyl4 ,j s4 ,,phil4 ,answ] me1 ,hylas4 ,c a ?+ be spread )\t ext5sion8 or is n ! idea ( ext5sion necess>ily includ$ 9 ,,spread+8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,:atsoev] !re=e y suppose spread "u any?+ mu/ h 9 itself an ext5sion di/9ct f ! ext5sion ( t ?+ "u :i* x is spread8 ,,hyl4 ,x mu/4 ,,phil4 ,consequ5tly1 e corporeal sub/ance1 be+ ! ,,sub/ratum ( ext5sion1 mu/ h 9 itself ano!r ext5sion1 by :i* x is qualifi$ to be a ,,sub/ratum3 & s on to inf9ity4 ,& ,i ask :e!r ?is be n absurd 9 itself1 & repugnant to :at y grant$ j n[1 to wit1 t ! ,,sub/ratum 0 some?+ di/9ct f & exclusive ( ext5sion8 ,,hyl4 ,aye b1 ,philon\s1 y take me wrong4 ,i d n mean t ,matt] is ,,spread 9 a gross lit]al s5se "u ext5sion4 ,! ^w ,,sub/ratum is us$ only to express 9 g5]al ! same ?+ ) ,,sub/ance4 ,,phil4 ,well !n1 let u exam9e ! relation impli$ 9 ! t]m ,,sub/ance4 ,is x n t x /&s "u accid5ts8 ,,hyl4 ,! v same4 ,,phil4 ,b1 t "o ?+ may /& "u or support ano!r1 mu/ x n be ext5d$8 ,,hyl4 ,x mu/4 ,,phil4 ,is n !re=e ?is supposition liable to ! same absurdity ) ! =m]8 ,,hyl4 ,y /ill take ?+s 9 a /rict lit]al s5se4 ,t is n fair1 ,philon\s4 ,,phil4 ,i am n = impos+ any s5se on y\r words3 y are at lib]ty to expla9 !m z y please4 ,only1 ,i besee* y1 make me und]/& some?+ by !m4 ,y tell me ,matt] supports or /&s "u accid5ts4 ,h[6 is x z y\r legs support y\r body8 ,,hyl4 ,no2 t is ! lit]al s5se4 ,,phil4 ,pray let me "k any s5se1 lit]al or n lit]al1 t y und]/& x 94--,h[ long mu/ ,i wait = an answ]1 ,hylas8 ,,hyl4 ,i decl>e ,i "k n :at to say4 ,i once ?\ght ,i und]/ood well en\gh :at 0 meant by ,matt]'s support+ accid5ts4 ,b n[1 ! m ,i ?9k on x ! less c ,i compreh5d x3 9 %ort ,i f9d t ,i "k no?+ ( x4 ,,phil4 ,x seems !n y h no idea at all1 nei!r relative nor positive1 ( ,matt]2 y "k nei!r :at x is 9 itself1 nor :at relation x be>s to accid5ts8 ,,hyl4 ,i ackn[l$ge x4 ,,phil4 ,& yet y ass]t$ t y c\ld n conceive h[ qualities or accid5ts %\ld really exi/1 )\t conceiv+ at ! same "t a mat]ial support ( !m8 ,,hyl4 ,i did4 ,,phil4 ,t is to say1 :5 y conceive ! real exi/5ce ( qualities1 y d )al conceive ,some?+ :i* y _c conceive8 ,,hyl4 ,x 0 wrong1 ,i own4 ,b /ill ,i fe> !re is "s fallacy or o!r4 ,pray :at ?9k y ( ?is8 ,x is j come into my head t ! gr\nd ( all our mi/ake lies 9 y\r treat+ ( ea* quality by itself4 ,n[1 ,i grant t ea* quality _c s+ly subsi/ )\t ! m9d4 ,col\r _c )\t ext5sion1 nei!r c figure )\t "s o!r s5sible quality4 ,b1 z ! sev]al qualities unit$ or bl5d$ toge!r =m entire s5sible ?+s1 no?+ h9d]s :y su* ?+s may n be suppos$ to exi/ )\t ! m9d4 ,,phil4 ,ei!r1 ,hylas1 y are je/+1 or h a v bad memory4 ,?\gh inde$ we w5t ?r\gh all ! qualities by "n "o aft] ano!r1 yet my argum5ts or r y\r concessions1 n[h]e t5d$ to prove t ! ,second>y ,qualities did n subsi/ ea* alone by itself2 b1 t !y 7 n ,,at ,,all )\t ! m9d4 ,inde$1 9 treat+ ( figure & motion we conclud$ !y c\ld n exi/ )\t ! m9d1 because x 0 impossible ev5 9 ?\ght to sep>ate !m f all second>y qualities1 s z to conceive !m exi/+ by !mselves4 ,b !n ?is 0 n ! only argum5t made use ( ^u t occasion4 ,b 7to pass by all t ha? be5 hi!rto said1 & reckon x = no?+1 if y w h x s7 ,i am cont5t to put ! :ole ^u ?is issue4 ,if y c conceive x possible = any mixture or comb9ation ( qualities1 or any s5sible object :atev]1 to exi/ )\t ! m9d1 !n ,i w grant x actually to be s4 ,,hyl4 ,if x comes to t ! po9t w soon be decid$4 ,:at m easy ?an to conceive a tree or h\se exi/+ by itself1 indep5d5t (1 & unp]ceiv$ by1 any m9d :atsoev]8 ,i d at ?is pres5t "t conceive !m exi/+ aft] t mann]4 ,,phil4 ,h[ say y1 ,hylas1 c y see a ?+ :i* is at ! same "t unse58 ,,hyl4 ,no1 t 7 a contradiction4 ,,phil4 ,is x n z great a contradiction to talk ( ,,conceiv+ a ?+ :i* is ,,unconceiv$8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,! tree or h\se !re=e :i* y ?9k ( is conceiv$ by y8 ,,hyl4 ,h[ %\ld x be o!rwise8 ,,phil4 ,& :at is conceiv$ is surely 9 ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,)\t "q1 t :i* is conceiv$ is 9 ! m9d4 ,,phil4 ,h[ !n came y to say1 y conceiv$ a h\se or tree exi/+ indep5d5t & out ( all m9ds :atsoev]8 ,,hyl4 ,t 0 ,i own an ov]sight2 b /ay1 let me consid] :at l$ me into x4--,x is a pleasant mi/ake en\gh4 ,z ,i 0 ?9k+ ( a tree 9 a solit>y place1 :]e no "o 0 pres5t to see x1 me?\ght t 0 to conceive a tree z exi/+ unp]ceiv$ or un?\ght (2 n consid]+ t ,i myself conceiv$ x all ! :ile4 ,b n[ ,i pla9ly see t all ,i c d is to frame ideas 9 my own m9d4 ,i may inde$ conceive 9 my own ?\ghts ! idea ( a tree1 or a h\se1 or a m\nta91 b t is all4 ,& ?is is f> f prov+ t ,i c conceive !m ,,exi/+ ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,m9ds ,,( ,,all ,,spirits4 ,,phil4 ,y ackn[l$ge !n t y _c possibly conceive h[ any "o corporeal s5sible ?+ %\ld exi/ o!rwise ?an 9 ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,i d4 ,,phil4 ,& yet y w e>ne/ly cont5d = ! tru? ( t :i* y _c s mu* z conceive8 ,,hyl4 ,i pr(ess ,i "k n :at to ?9k2 b /ill !re are "s scruples rema9 ) me4 ,is x n c]ta9 ,i ,,see ,,?+s at a di/ance8 ,d we n p]ceive ! />s & moon1 = example1 to be a great way (f8 ,is n ?is1 ,i say1 manife/ to ! s5ses8 ,,phil4 ,d y n 9 a dream too p]ceive ^? or ! l objects8 ,,hyl4 ,i d4 ,,phil4 ,& h !y n !n ! same appe>ance ( be+ di/ant8 ,,hyl4 ,!y h4 ,,phil4 ,b y d n !nce conclude ! app>itions 9 a dream to be )\t ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,by no means4 ,,phil4 ,y ought n !re=e to conclude t s5sible objects are )\t ! m9d1 f _! appe>ance1 or mann] :]e9 !y are p]ceiv$4 ,,hyl4 ,i ackn[l$ge x4 ,b do? n my s5se deceive me 9 ^? cases8 ,,phil4 ,by no means4 ,! idea or ?+ :i* y imm$iately p]ceive1 nei!r s5se nor reason in=ms y t x actually exi/s )\t ! m9d4 ,by s5se y only "k t y are affect$ ) su* c]ta9 s5sations ( light & col\rs1 c4 ,& ^! y w n say are )\t ! m9d4 ,,hyl4 ,true3 b1 beside all t1 d y n ?9k ! sight sugge/s some?+ ( ,,outness ,,or ,,di/ance8 ,,phil4 ,^u approa*+ a di/ant object1 d ! visible size & figure *ange p]petually1 or d !y appe> ! same at all di/ances8 ,,hyl4 ,!y are 9 a cont9ual *ange4 ,,phil4 ,sight !re=e do? n sugge/1 or any way in=m y1 t ! visible object y imm$iately p]ceive exi/s at a di/ance1 or w be p]ceiv$ :5 y advance f>!r onw>d2 !re be+ a cont9u$ s]ies ( visible objects succe$+ ea* o!r dur+ ! :ole "t ( y\r approa*4 ,,hyl4 ,x do? n2 b /ill ,i "k1 ^u see+ an object1 :at object ,i %all p]ceive aft] hav+ pass$ ov] a c]ta9 di/ance3 no matt] :e!r x be exactly ! same or no3 !re is /ill some?+ ( di/ance sugge/$ 9 ! case4 ,,phil4 ,good ,hylas1 d b reflect a little on ! po9t1 & !n tell me :e!r !re be any m 9 x ?an ?is3 f ! ideas y actually p]ceive by sight1 y h by exp]i5ce le>n$ to collect :at o!r ideas y w 7accord+ to ! /&+ ord] ( nature7 be affect$ )1 aft] su* a c]ta9 succession ( "t & motion4 ,,hyl4 ,^u ! :ole1 ,i take x to be no?+ else4 ,,phil4 ,n[1 is x n pla9 t if we suppose a man born bl9d 0 on a sudd5 made to see1 he c\ld at fir/ h no exp]i5ce ( :at may be ,,sugge/$ by sight8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,he w\ld n !n1 accord+ to y1 h any notion ( di/ance annex$ to ! ?+s he saw2 b w\ld take !m = a new set ( s5sations1 exi/+ only 9 8 m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,x is und5iable4 ,,phil4 ,b1 to make x /ill m pla93 is n ,,di/ance a l9e turn$ endwise to ! eye8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,& c a l9e s situat$ be p]ceiv$ by sight8 ,,hyl4 ,x _c4 ,,phil4 ,do? x n !re=e foll[ t di/ance is n prop]ly & imm$iately p]ceiv$ by sight8 ,,hyl4 ,x %\ld seem s4 ,,phil4 ,aga91 is x y\r op9ion t col\rs are at a di/ance8 ,,hyl4 ,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ !y are only 9 ! m9d4 ,,phil4 ,b d n col\rs appe> to ! eye z coexi/+ 9 ! same place ) ext5sion & figures8 ,,hyl4 ,!y d4 ,,phil4 ,h[ c y !n conclude f sight t figures exi/ )\t1 :5 y ackn[l$ge col\rs d n2 ! s5sible appe>ance be+ ! v same ) reg>d to bo?8 ,,hyl4 ,i "k n :at to answ]4 ,,phil4 ,b1 all[+ t di/ance 0 truly & imm$iately p]ceiv$ by ! m9d1 yet x w\ld n !nce foll[ x exi/$ out ( ! m9d4 ,=1 :atev] is imm$iately p]ceiv$ is an idea3 & c any idea exi/ out ( ! m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,to suppose t 7 absurd3 b1 in=m me1 ,philon\s1 c we p]ceive or "k no?+ beside our ideas8 ,,phil4 ,z = ! rational d$uc+ ( causes f effects1 t is beside our inquiry4 ,&1 by ! s5ses y c be/ tell :e!r y p]ceive any?+ :i* is n imm$iately p]ceiv$4 ,& ,i ask y1 :e!r ! ?+s imm$iately p]ceiv$ are o!r ?an y\r own s5sations or ideas8 ,y h inde$ m ?an once1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is conv]sation1 decl>$ y\rself on ^? po9ts2 b y seem1 by ?is la/ "q1 to h dep>t$ f :at y !n ?\ght4 ,,hyl4 ,to speak ! tru?1 ,philon\s1 ,i ?9k !re are two k9ds ( objects3--! "o p]ceiv$ imm$iately1 :i* are likewise call$ ,,ideas2 ! o!r are real ?+s or ext]nal objects1 p]ceiv$ by ! m$iation ( ideas1 :i* are _! images & repres5tations4 ,n[1 ,i own ideas d n exi/ )\t ! m9d2 b ! latt] sort ( objects d4 ,i am sorry ,i did n ?9k ( ?is di/9ction soon]2 x w\ld probably h cut %ort y\r disc\rse4 ,,phil4 ,are ^? ext]nal objects p]ceiv$ by s5se or by "s o!r faculty8 ,,hyl4 ,!y are p]ceiv$ by s5se4 ,,phil4 ,h[l ,is !re any ?+ p]ceiv$ by s5se :i* is n imm$iately p]ceiv$8 ,,hyl4 ,yes1 ,philon\s1 9 "s sort !re is4 ,= example1 :5 ,i look on a picture or /atue ( ,julius ,caes>1 ,i may be said aft] a mann] to p]ceive him 7?\gh n imm$iately7 by my s5ses4 ,,phil4 ,x seems !n y w h our ideas1 :i* alone are imm$iately p]ceiv$1 to be pictures ( ext]nal ?+s3 & t ^! also are p]ceiv$ by s5se1 inasmu* z !y h a con=mity or resemblance to our ideas8 ,,hyl4 ,t is my mean+4 ,,phil4 ,&1 9 ! same way t ,julius ,caes>1 9 himself invisible1 is nev]!less p]ceiv$ by sight2 real ?+s1 9 !mselves imp]ceptible1 are p]ceiv$ by s5se4 ,,hyl4 ,9 ! v same4 ,,phil4 ,tell me1 ,hylas1 :5 y behold ! picture ( ,julius ,caes>1 d y see ) y\r eyes any m ?an "s col\rs & figures1 ) a c]ta9 symmetry & composition ( ! :ole8 ,,hyl4 ,no?+ else4 ,,phil4 ,& w\ld n a man :o _h nev] kn[n any?+ ( ,julius ,caes> see z mu*8 ,,hyl4 ,he w\ld4 ,,phil4 ,consequ5tly he ha? 8 sight1 & ! use ( x1 9 z p]fect a degree z y8 ,,hyl4 ,i agree ) y4 ,,phil4 ,:5ce comes x !n t y\r ?\ghts are direct$ to ! ,roman emp]or1 & 8 are n8 ,?is _c proce$ f ! s5sations or ideas ( s5se by y !n p]ceiv$2 s9ce y ackn[l$ge y h no advantage ov] him 9 t respect4 ,x %\ld seem !re=e to proce$ f reason & memory3 %\ld x n8 ,,hyl4 ,x %\ld4 ,,phil4 ,consequ5tly1 x w n foll[ f t in/ance t any?+ is p]ceiv$ by s5se :i* is n1 imm$iately p]ceiv$4 ,?\gh ,i grant we may1 9 "o acceptation1 be said to p]ceive s5sible ?+s m$iately by s5se3 t is1 :51 f a frequ5tly p]ceiv$ connexion1 ! imm$iate p]ception ( ideas by "o s5se ,,sugge/s to ! m9d o!rs1 p]haps belong+ to ano!r s5se1 :i* are wont to be connect$ ) !m4 ,= in/ance1 :5 ,i he> a coa* drive along ! /reets1 imm$iately ,i p]ceive only ! s\nd2 b1 f ! exp]i5ce ,i h _h t su* a s\nd is connect$ ) a coa*1 ,i am said to he> ! coa*4 ,x is nev]!less evid5t t1 9 tru? & /rictness1 no?+ c be ,,he>d ,,b ,,s\nd2 & ! coa* is n !n prop]ly p]ceiv$ by s5se1 b sugge/$ f exp]i5ce4 ,s likewise :5 we are said to see a r$-hot b> ( iron2 ! solidity & heat ( ! iron are n ! objects ( sight1 b sugge/$ to ! imag9ation by ! col\r & figure :i* are prop]ly p]ceiv$ by t s5se4 ,9 %ort1 ^? ?+s alone are actually & /rictly p]ceiv$ by any s5se1 :i* w\ld h be5 p]ceiv$ 9 case t same s5se _h !n be5 fir/ conf]r$ on u4 ,z = o!r ?+s1 x is pla9 !y are only sugge/$ to ! m9d by exp]i5ce1 gr\nd$ on =m] p]ceptions4 ,b1 to return to y\r comp>ison ( ,caes>'s picture1 x is pla91 if y keep to t1 y mu/ hold ! real ?+s1 or ar*etypes ( our ideas1 are n p]ceiv$ by s5se1 b by "s int]nal faculty ( ! s\l1 z reason or memory4 ,i w\ld !re=e fa9 "k :at argum5ts y c draw f reason = ! exi/5ce ( :at y call ,,real ,,?+s ,,or ,,mat]ial ,,objects4 ,or1 :e!r y rememb] to h se5 !m =m]ly z !y are 9 !mselves2 or1 if y h he>d or read ( any "o t did4 ,,hyl4 ,i see1 ,philon\s1 y are dispos$ to raill]y2 b t w nev] conv9ce me4 ,,phil4 ,my aim is only to le>n f y ! way to come at ! k ( ,,mat]ial ,,be+s4 ,:atev] we p]ceive is p]ceiv$ imm$iately or m$iately3 by s5se1 or by reason & reflexion4 ,b1 z y h exclud$ s5se1 pray %ew me :at reason y h to believe _! exi/5ce2 or :at ,,m$ium y c possibly make use ( to prove x1 ei!r to m9e or y\r own und]/&+4 ,,hyl4 ,to deal +5u\sly1 ,philon\s1 n[ ,i consid] ! po9t1 ,i d n f9d ,i c give y any good reason = x4 ,b1 ?us mu* seems pretty pla91 t x is at lea/ possible su* ?+s may really exi/4 ,&1 z long z !re is no absurdity 9 suppos+ !m1 ,i am resolv$ to believe z ,i did1 till y br+ good reasons to ! contr>y4 ,,phil4 ,:at6 ,is x come to ?is1 t y only ,,believe ! exi/5ce ( mat]ial objects1 & t y\r belief is f\nd$ b>ely on ! possibility ( its be+ true8 ,!n y w h me br+ reasons aga9/ x3 ?\gh ano!r w\ld ?9k x reasonable ! pro( %\ld lie on him :o holds ! affirmative4 ,&1 aft] all1 ?is v po9t :i* y are n[ resolv$ to ma9ta91 )\t any reason1 is 9 effect :at y h m ?an once dur+ ?is disc\rse se5 good reason to give up4 ,b1 to pass ov] all ?is2 if ,i und]/& y rightly1 y say our ideas d n exi/ )\t ! m9d1 b t !y are copies1 images1 or repres5tations1 ( c]ta9 orig9als t d8 ,,hyl4 ,y take me "r4 ,,phil4 ,!y are !n l ext]nal ?+s8 ,,hyl4 ,!y are4 ,,phil4 ,h ^? ?+s a /able & p]man5t nature1 indep5d5t ( our s5ses2 or are !y 9 a p]petual *ange1 ^u our produc+ any motions 9 our bodies--susp5d+1 ex]t+1 or alt]+1 our faculties or organs ( s5se8 ,,hyl4 ,real ?+s1 x is pla91 h a fix$ & real nature1 :i* rema9s ! same not)/&+ any *ange 9 our s5ses1 or 9 ! po/ure & motion ( our bodies2 :i* inde$ may affect ! ideas 9 our m9ds1 b x 7 absurd to ?9k !y _h ! same effect on ?+s exi/+ )\t ! m9d4 ,,phil4 ,h[ !n is x possible t ?+s p]petually fleet+ & v>iable z our ideas %\ld be copies or images ( any?+ fix$ & con/ant8 ,or1 9 o!r words1 s9ce all s5sible qualities1 z size1 figure1 col\r1 c41 t is1 our ideas1 are cont9ually *ang+1 ^u e alt]ation 9 ! di/ance1 m$ium1 or in/rum5ts ( s5sation2 h[ c any det]m9ate mat]ial objects be prop]ly repres5t$ or pa9t$ =? by sev]al di/9ct ?+s1 ea* ( :i* is s diff]5t f & unlike ! re/8 ,or1 if y say x resembles "s "o only ( our ideas1 h[ %all we be able to di/+ui% ! true copy f all ! false ones8 ,,hyl4 ,i pr(ess1 ,philon\s1 ,i am at a loss4 ,i "k n :at to say to ?is4 ,,phil4 ,b nei!r is ?is all4 ,:i* are mat]ial objects 9 !mselves--p]ceptible or imp]ceptible8 ,,hyl4 ,prop]ly & imm$iately no?+ c be p]ceiv$ b ideas4 ,all mat]ial ?+s1 !re=e1 are 9 !mselves ins5sible1 & to be p]ceiv$ only by our ideas4 ,,phil4 ,ideas !n are s5sible1 & _! ar*etypes or orig9als ins5sible8 ,,hyl4 ,"r4 ,,phil4 ,b h[ c t :i* is s5sible be l t :i* is ins5sible8 ,c a real ?+1 9 itself ,,invisible1 be l a ,,col\r2 or a real ?+1 :i* is n ,,audible1 be l a ,,s\nd8 ,9 a ^w1 c any?+ be l a s5sation or idea1 b ano!r s5sation or idea8 ,,hyl4 ,i mu/ own1 ,i ?9k n4 ,,phil4 ,is x possible !re %\ld be any d\bt on ! po9t8 ,d y n p]fectly "k y\r own ideas8 ,,hyl4 ,i "k !m p]fectly2 s9ce :at ,i d n p]ceive or "k c be no "p ( my idea4 ,,phil4 ,consid]1 !re=e1 & exam9e !m1 & !n tell me if !re be any?+ 9 !m :i* c exi/ )\t ! m9d3 or if y c conceive any?+ l !m exi/+ )\t ! m9d4 ,,hyl4 ,^u inquiry1 ,i f9d x is impossible = me to conceive or und]/& h[ any?+ b an idea c be l an idea4 ,& x is mo/ evid5t t ,,no ,,idea ,,c ,,exi/ ,,)\t ,,! ,,m9d4 ,,phil4 ,y are !re=e1 by y\r pr9ciples1 =c$ to d5y ! ,,reality ( s5sible ?+s2 s9ce y made x to consi/ 9 an absolute exi/5ce ext]ior to ! m9d4 ,t is to say1 y are a d[nright sceptic4 ,s ,i h ga9$ my po9t1 :i* 0 to %ew y\r pr9ciples l$ to ,scepticism4 ,,hyl4 ,= ! pres5t ,i am1 if n entirely conv9c$1 at lea/ sil5c$4 ,,phil4 ,i w\ld fa9 "k :at m y w\ld require 9 ord] to a p]fect conviction4 ,h y n _h ! lib]ty ( expla9+ y\rself all mann] ( ways8 ,7 any little slips 9 disc\rse laid hold & insi/$ on8 ,or 7 y n all[$ to retract or re9=ce any?+ y _h (f]$1 z be/ s]v$ y\r purpose8 ,ha? n ev]y?+ y c\ld say be5 he>d & exam9$ ) all ! fairness imag9able8 ,9 a ^w h y n 9 e po9t be5 conv9c$ out ( y\r own m\?8 ,&1 if y c at pres5t discov] any flaw 9 any ( y\r =m] concessions1 or ?9k ( any rema9+ subt]fuge1 any new di/9ction1 col\r1 or comm5t :atsoev]1 :y d y n produce x8 ,,hyl4 ,a little pati5ce1 ,philon\s4 ,i am at pres5t s amaz$ to see myself ensn>$1 & z x 7 imprison$ 9 ! labyr9?s y h drawn me into1 t on ! sudd5 x _c be expect$ ,i %\ld f9d my way out4 ,y mu/ give me "t to look ab\t me & recollect myself4 ,,phil4 ,h>k2 is n ?is ! college bell8 ,,hyl4 ,x r+s = pray]s4 ,,phil4 ,we w g 9 !n1 if y please1 & meet "h aga9 tomorr[ morn+4 ,9 ! meantime1 y may employ y\r ?\ghts on ?is morn+'s disc\rse1 & try if y c f9d any fallacy 9 x1 or inv5t any new means to extricate y\rself4 ,,hyl4 ,agre$4 ,,! ,,second ,,dialogue ,,hyl4 ,i beg y\r p>don1 ,philon\s1 = n meet+ y soon]4 ,all ?is morn+ my head 0 s fill$ ) our late conv]sation t ,i _h n leisure to ?9k ( ! "t ( ! day1 or inde$ ( any?+ else4 ,,philon\s4 ,i am glad y 7 s int5t ^u x1 9 hopes if !re 7 any mi/akes 9 y\r concessions1 or fallacies 9 my reason+s f !m1 y w n[ discov] !m to me4 ,,hyl4 ,i assure y ,i h done no?+ ev] s9ce ,i saw y b se>* aft] mi/akes & fallacies1 &1 ) t view1 h m9utely exam9$ ! :ole s]ies ( ye/]day's disc\rse3 b all 9 va91 = ! notions x l$ me into1 ^u review1 appe> /ill m cle> & evid5t2 &1 ! m ,i consid] !m1 ! m irresi/ibly d !y =ce my ass5t4 ,,phil4 ,& is n ?is1 ?9k y1 a sign t !y are g5u9e1 t !y proce$ f nature1 & are con=mable to "r reason8 ,tru? & beauty are 9 ?is alike1 t ! /ricte/ survey sets !m bo? (f to advantage2 :ile ! false lu/re ( error & disguise _c endure be+ review$1 or too ne>ly inspect$4 ,,hyl4 ,i own !re is a great deal 9 :at y say4 ,nor c any "o be m entirely satisfi$ ( ! tru? ( ^? odd consequ5ces1 s long z ,i h 9 view ! reason+s t lead to !m4 ,b1 :5 ^! are out ( my ?\ghts1 !re seems1 on ! o!r h&1 some?+ s satisfactory1 s natural & intelligible1 9 ! mod]n way ( expla9+ ?+s t1 ,i pr(ess1 ,i "k n h[ to reject x4 ,,phil4 ,i "k n :at way y mean4 ,,hyl4 ,i mean ! way ( acc\nt+ = our s5sations or ideas4 ,,phil4 ,h[ is t8 ,,hyl4 ,x is suppos$ ! s\l makes h] resid5ce 9 "s "p ( ! bra91 f :i* ! n]ves take _! rise1 & are !nce ext5d$ to all p>ts ( ! body2 & t outw>d objects1 by ! diff]5t impressions !y make on ! organs ( s5se1 communicate c]ta9 vibrative motions to ! n]ves2 & ^! be+ fill$ ) spirits propagate !m to ! bra9 or seat ( ! s\l1 :i*1 accord+ to ! v>i\s impressions or traces !reby made 9 ! bra91 is v>i\sly affect$ ) ideas4 ,,phil4 ,& call y ?is an explication ( ! mann] :]eby we are affect$ ) ideas8 ,,hyl4 ,:y n1 ,philon\s8 ,h y any?+ to object aga9/ x8 ,,phil4 ,i w\ld fir/ "k :e!r ,i rightly und]/& y\r hypo!sis4 ,y make c]ta9 traces 9 ! bra9 to be ! causes or occasions ( our ideas4 ,pray tell me :e!r by ! ,,bra9 y mean any s5sible ?+4 ,,hyl4 ,:at else ?9k y ,i c\ld mean8 ,,phil4 ,s5sible ?+s are all imm$iately p]ceivable2 & ^? ?+s :i* are imm$iately p]ceivable are ideas2 & ^! exi/ only 9 ! m9d4 ,?us mu* y h1 if ,i mi/ake n1 long s9ce agre$ to4 ,,hyl4 ,i d n d5y x4 ,,phil4 ,! bra9 !re=e y speak (1 be+ a s5sible ?+1 exi/s only 9 ! m9d4 ,n[1 ,i w\ld fa9 "k :e!r y ?9k x reasonable to suppose t "o idea or ?+ exi/+ 9 ! m9d occasions all o!r ideas4 ,&1 if y ?9k s1 pray h[ d y acc\nt = ! orig9 ( t prim>y idea or bra9 itself8 ,,hyl4 ,i d n expla9 ! orig9 ( our ideas by t bra9 :i* is p]ceivable to s5se--?is be+ itself only a comb9ation ( s5sible ideas--b by ano!r :i* ,i imag9e4 ,,phil4 ,b are n ?+s imag9$ z truly ,,9 ,,! ,,m9d z ?+s p]ceiv$8 ,,hyl4 ,i mu/ confess !y are4 ,,phil4 ,x comes1 !re=e1 to ! same ?+2 & y h be5 all ?is :ile acc\nt+ = ideas by c]ta9 motions or impressions ( ! bra92 t is1 by "s alt]ations 9 an idea1 :e!r s5sible or imag9able x matt]s n4 ,,hyl4 ,i beg9 to suspect my hypo!sis4 ,,phil4 ,besides spirits1 all t we "k or conceive are our own ideas4 ,:51 !re=e1 y say all ideas are occasion$ by impressions 9 ! bra91 d y conceive ?is bra9 or no8 ,if y d1 !n y talk ( ideas impr9t$ 9 an idea caus+ t same idea1 :i* is absurd4 ,if y d n conceive x1 y talk un9telligibly1 in/ead ( =m+ a reasonable hypo!sis4 ,,hyl4 ,i n[ cle>ly see x 0 a m]e dream4 ,!re is no?+ 9 x4 ,,phil4 ,y ne$ n be mu* conc]n$ at x2 = aft] all1 ?is way ( expla9+ ?+s1 z y call$ x1 c\ld nev] h satisfi$ any reasonable man4 ,:at connexion is !re betwe5 a motion 9 ! n]ves1 & ! s5sations ( s\nd or col\r 9 ! m9d8 ,or h[ is x possible ^! %\ld be ! effect ( t8 ,,hyl4 ,b ,i c\ld nev] ?9k x _h s little 9 x z n[ x seems to h4 ,,phil4 ,well !n1 are y at l5g? satisfi$ t no s5sible ?+s h a real exi/5ce2 & t y are 9 tru? an arrant sceptic8 ,,hyl4 ,x is too pla9 to be d5i$4 ,,phil4 ,look6 are n ! fields cov]$ ) a delightful v]dure8 ,is !re n some?+ 9 ! woods & groves1 9 ! riv]s & cle> spr+s1 t soo!s1 t delights1 t transports ! s\l8 ,at ! prospect ( ! wide & deep ocean1 or "s huge m\nta9 ^: top is lo/ 9 ! cl\ds1 or ( an old gloomy =e/1 are n our m9ds fill$ ) a pleas+ horror8 ,ev5 9 rocks & des]ts is !re n an agreeable wildness8 ,h[ s9c]e a pleasure is x to behold ! natural beauties ( ! e>?6 ,to pres]ve & r5ew our reli% = !m1 is n ! veil ( night alt]nately drawn ov] h] face1 & do? %e n *ange h] dress ) ! seasons8 ,h[ aptly are ! elem5ts dispos$6 ,:at v>iety & use 9 ! meane/ productions ( nature6 ,:at delicacy1 :at beauty1 :at contrivance1 9 animal & vegetable bodies ,i ,h[ exquisitely are all ?+s suit$1 z well to _! p>ticul> ends1 z to con/itute opposite p>ts ( ! :ole ,i ,&1 :ile !y mutually aid & support1 d !y n also set (f & illu/rate ea* o!r8 ,raise n[ y\r ?\ghts f ?is ball ( e>? to all ^? glori\s lum9>ies t adorn ! high ar* ( heav54 ,! motion & situation ( ! planets1 are !y n admirable = use & ord]8 ,7 ^? 7miscall$ ,,erratic7 globes once kn[n to /ray1 9 _! repeat$ j\rneys ?r\gh ! pa?less void8 ,d !y n measure areas r\nd ! sun ev] proportion$ to ! times8 ,s fix$1 s immutable are ! laws by :i* ! unse5 ,au?or ( nature actuates ! univ]se4 ,h[ vivid & radiant is ! lu/re ( ! fix$ />s6 ,h[ magnific5t & ri* t neglig5t pr(usion ) :i* !y appe> to be scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole azure vault6 ,yet1 if y take ! telescope1 x br+s into y\r sight a new ho/ ( />s t escape ! nak$ eye4 ,"h !y seem contigu\s & m9ute1 b to a ne>] view imm5se orbs ( fight at v>i\s di/ances1 f> sunk 9 ! abyss ( space4 ,n[ y mu/ call imag9ation to y\r aid4 ,! feeble n>r[ s5se _c descry innum]able worlds revolv+ r\nd ! c5tral fires2 & 9 ^? worlds ! en]gy ( an all-p]fect ,m9d display$ 9 endless =ms4 ,b1 nei!r s5se nor imag9ation are big en\gh to compreh5d ! b\ndless ext5t1 ) all its glitt]+ furniture4 ,?\gh ! lab\r+ m9d ex]t & /ra9 ea* p[] to its utmo/ rea*1 !re /ill /&s out ungrasp$ a surplusage immeasurable4 ,yet all ! va/ bodies t compose ?is mighty frame1 h[ di/ant & remote soev]1 are by "s secret me*anism1 "s ,div9e art & =ce1 l9k$ 9 a mutual dep5d5ce & int]c\rse ) ea* o!r2 ev5 ) ?is e>?1 :i* 0 almo/ slipt f my ?\ghts & lo/ 9 ! cr[d ( worlds4 ,is n ! :ole sy/em imm5se1 beautiful1 glori\s beyond expression & beyond ?\ght6 ,:at treatm5t1 !n1 d ^? philosoph]s des]ve1 :o w\ld deprive ^! noble & delightful sc5es ( all ,,reality8 ,h[ %\ld ^? ,pr9ciples be ent]ta9$ t lead u to ?9k all ! visible beauty ( ! creation a false imag9>y gl>e8 ,to be pla91 c y expect ?is ,scepticism ( y\rs w n be ?\ght extravagantly absurd by all m5 ( s5se8 ,,hyl4 ,o!r m5 may ?9k z !y please2 b = y\r "p y h no?+ to reproa* me )4 ,my com=t is1 y are z mu* a sceptic z ,i am4 ,,phil4 ,!re1 ,hylas1 ,i mu/ beg leave to diff] f y4 ,,hyl4 ,:at6 ,h y all along agre$ to ! premises1 & d y n[ d5y ! conclusion1 & leave me to ma9ta9 ^? p>adoxes by myself :i* y l$ me into8 ,?is surely is n fair4 ,,phil4 ,i d5y t ,i agre$ ) y 9 ^? notions t l$ to ,scepticism4 ,y inde$ said ! ,,reality ( s5sible ?+s consi/$ 9 ,,an ,,absolute ,,exi/5ce ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,m9ds ,,( ,,spirits1 or di/9ct f _! be+ p]ceiv$4 ,& pursuant to ?is notion ( reality1 ,,y are oblig$ to d5y s5sible ?+s any real exi/5ce3 t is1 accord+ to y\r own def9ition1 y pr(ess y\rself a sceptic4 ,b ,i nei!r said nor ?\ght ! reality ( s5sible ?+s 0 to be def9$ aft] t mann]4 ,to me x is evid5t = ! reasons y all[ (1 t s5sible ?+s _c exi/ o!rwise ?an 9 a m9d or _s4 ,:5ce ,i conclude1 n t !y h no real exi/5ce1 b t1 see+ !y dep5d n on my ?\ght1 & h all exi/5ce di/9ct f be+ p]ceiv$ by me1 ,,!re ,,mu/ ,,be ,,"s ,,o!r ,,m9d ,,:]e9 ,,!y ,,exi/4 ,z sure1 !re=e1 z ! s5sible _w really exi/s1 s sure is !re an inf9ite omnipres5t ,_s :o conta9s & supports x4 ,,hyl4 ,:at6 ,?is is no m ?an ,i & all ,*ri/ians hold2 nay1 & all o!rs too :o believe !re is a ,god1 & t ,he kn[s & compreh5ds all ?+s4 ,,phil4 ,aye1 b "h lies ! diff]5ce4 ,m5 commonly believe t all ?+s are kn[n or p]ceiv$ by ,god1 because !y believe ! be+ ( a ,god2 :]eas ,i1 on ! o!r side1 imm$iately & necess>ily conclude ! be+ ( a ,god1 because all s5sible ?+s mu/ be p]ceiv$ by ,him4 ,,hyl4 ,b1 s long z we all believe ! same ?+1 :at matt] is x h[ we come by t belief8 ,,phil4 ,b nei!r d we agree 9 ! same op9ion4 ,= philosoph]s1 ?\gh !y ackn[l$ge all corporeal be+s to be p]ceiv$ by ,god1 yet !y attribute to !m an absolute subsi/5ce di/9ct f _! be+ p]ceiv$ by any m9d :atev]2 :i* ,i d n4 ,besides1 is !re no diff]5ce betwe5 say+1 ,,!re ,,is ,a ,,god1 ,,!re=e ,,he ,,p]ceives ,,all ,,?+s2 & say+1 ,,s5sible ,,?+s ,,d ,,really ,,exi/2 ,,&1 ,,if ,,!y ,,really ,,exi/1 ,,!y ,,are ,,necess>ily ,,p]ceiv$ ,,by ,,an ,,inf9ite ,,m9d3 ,,!re=e ,,!re ,,is ,,an ,,inf9ite ,,m9d ,,or ,,god8 ,?is furni%es y ) a direct & imm$iate demon/ration1 f a mo/ evid5t pr9ciple1 ( ! ,,be+ ,,( ,a ,,god4 ,div9es & philosoph]s _h prov$ beyond all controv]sy1 f ! beauty & usefulness ( ! sev]al p>ts ( ! creation1 t x 0 ! workman%ip ( ,god4 ,b t--sett+ aside all help ( a/ronomy & natural philosophy1 all contemplation ( ! contrivance1 ord]1 & adju/m5t ( ?+s--an inf9ite ,m9d %\ld be necess>ily inf]r$ f ! b>e ,,exi/5ce ,,( ,,! ,,s5sible ,,_w1 is an advantage to !m only :o h made ?is easy reflexion3 t ! s5sible _w is t :i* we p]ceive by our sev]al s5ses2 & t no?+ is p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses beside ideas2 & t no idea or ar*etype ( an idea c exi/ o!rwise ?an 9 a m9d4 ,y may n[1 )\t any labori\s se>* into ! sci5ces1 )\t any subtlety ( reason1 or t$i\s l5g? ( disc\rse1 oppose & baffle ! mo/ /r5u\s advocate = ,a!ism4 ,^? mis]able refuges1 :e!r 9 an et]nal succession ( un?9k+ causes & effects1 or 9 a =tuit\s conc\rse ( atoms2 ^? wild imag9ations ( ,van9i1 ,hobbes1 & ,sp9oza3 9 a ^w1 ! :ole sy/em ( ,a!ism1 is x n entirely ov]?r[n1 by ?is s+le reflexion on ! repugnancy includ$ 9 suppos+ ! :ole1 or any "p1 ev5 ! mo/ rude & %apeless1 ( ! visible _w1 to exi/ )\t a m9d8 ,let any "o ( ^? abettors ( impiety b look into 8 own ?\ghts1 & !re try if he c conceive h[ s mu* z a rock1 a des]t1 a *aos1 or confus$ jumble ( atoms2 h[ any?+ at all1 ei!r s5sible or imag9able1 c exi/ indep5d5t ( a ,m9d1 & he ne$ g no f>!r to be conv9c$ ( 8 folly4 ,c any?+ be fair] ?an to put a dispute on su* an issue1 & leave x to a man himself to see if he c conceive1 ev5 9 ?\ght1 :at he holds to be true 9 fact1 & f a notional to all[ x a real exi/5ce8 ,,hyl4 ,x _c be d5i$ !re is some?+ highly s]viceable to religion 9 :at y advance4 ,b d y n ?9k x looks v l a notion ent]ta9$ by "s em95t mod]ns1 ( ,,see+ ,,all ,,?+s ,,9 ,,god8 ,,phil4 ,i w\ld gladly "k t op9ion3 pray expla9 x to me4 ,,hyl4 ,!y conceive t ! s\l1 be+ immat]ial1 is incapable ( be+ unit$ ) mat]ial ?+s1 s z to p]ceive !m 9 !mselves2 b t %e p]ceives !m by h] union ) ! sub/ance ( ,god1 :i*1 be+ spiritual1 is !re=e purely intelligible1 or capable ( be+ ! imm$iate object ( a _s's ?\ght4 ,besides ! ,div9e ess5ce conta9s 9 x p]fections correspond5t to ea* creat$ be+2 & :i* are1 = t reason1 prop] to exhibit or repres5t !m to ! m9d4 ,,phil4 ,i d n und]/& h[ our ideas1 :i* are ?+s altoge!r passive & in]t1 c be ! ess5ce1 or any "p 7or l any "p7 ( ! ess5ce or sub/ance ( ,god1 :o is an impassive1 indivisible1 pure1 active be+4 ,_m m difficulties & objections !re are :i* occur at fir/ view aga9/ ?is hypo!sis2 b ,i %all only add t x is liable to all ! absurdities ( ! common hypo!sis1 9 mak+ a creat$ _w exi/ o!rwise ?an 9 ! m9d ( a ,_s4 ,besides all :i* x ha? ?is peculi> to itself2 t x makes t mat]ial _w s]ve to no purpose4 ,&1 if x pass = a good argum5t aga9/ o!r hypo!ses 9 ! sci5ces1 t !y suppose ,nature1 or ! ,div9e wisdom1 to make some?+ 9 va91 or d t by t$i\s r\ndab\t me?ods :i* might h be5 p]=m$ 9 a mu* m easy & comp5di\s way1 :at %all we ?9k ( t hypo!sis :i* supposes ! :ole _w made 9 va98 ,,hyl4 ,b :at say y8 ,are n y too ( op9ion t we see all ?+s 9 ,god8 ,if ,i mi/ake n1 :at y advance comes ne> x4 ,,phil4 ,few m5 ?9k2 yet all h op9ions4 ,h5ce m5's op9ions are sup]ficial & confus$4 ,x is no?+ /range t t5ets :i* 9 !mselves are ev] s diff]5t1 %\ld nev]!less be conf\nd$ ) ea* o!r1 by ^? :o d n consid] !m att5tively4 ,i %all n !re=e be surpris$ if "s m5 imag9e t ,i run into ! en?usiasm ( ,malebran*e2 ?\gh 9 tru? ,i am v remote f x4 ,he builds on ! mo/ ab/ract g5]al ideas1 :i* ,i entirely disclaim4 ,he ass]ts an absolute ext]nal _w1 :i* ,i d5y4 ,he ma9ta9s t we are deceiv$ by our s5ses1 &1 "k n ! real natures or ! true =ms & figures ( ext5d$ be+s2 ( all :i* ,i hold ! direct contr>y4 ,s t ^u ! :ole !re are no ,pr9ciples m fundam5tally opposite ?an 8 & m9e4 ,x mu/ be own$ t ,i entirely agree ) :at ! holy ,scripture sai?1 ,t 9 ,god we live & move & h our be+4 ,b t we see ?+s 9 ,8 ess5ce1 aft] ! mann] above set =?1 ,i am f> f believ+4 ,take "h 9 brief my mean+3--,x is evid5t t ! ?+s ,i p]ceive are my own ideas1 & t no idea c exi/ unless x be 9 a m9d3 nor is x less pla9 t ^! ideas or ?+s by me p]ceiv$1 ei!r !mselves or _! ar*etypes1 exi/ indep5d5tly ( my m9d1 s9ce ,i "k myself n to be _! au?or1 x be+ out ( my p[] to det]m9e at pleasure :at p>ticul> ideas ,i %all be affect$ ) ^u op5+ my eyes or e>s3 !y mu/ !re=e exi/ 9 "s o!r ,m9d1 ^: ,w x is !y %\ld be exhibit$ to me4 ,! ?+s1 ,i say1 imm$iately p]ceiv$ are ideas or s5sations1 call !m :i* y w4 ,b h[ c any idea or s5sation exi/ 91 or be produc$ by1 any?+ b a m9d or _s8 ,?is inde$ is inconceivable4 ,& to ass]t t :i* is inconceivable is to talk nons5se3 is x n8 ,,hyl4 ,)\t d\bt4 ,,phil4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 x is v conceivable t !y %\ld exi/ 9 & be produc$ by a _s2 s9ce ?is is no m ?an ,i daily exp]i5ce 9 myself1 inasmu* z ,i p]ceive numb]less ideas2 &1 by an act ( my w1 c =m a great v>iety ( !m1 & raise !m up 9 my imag9ation3 ?\gh1 x mu/ be confess$1 ^! creatures ( ! fancy are n altoge!r s di/9ct1 s /rong1 vivid1 & p]man5t1 z ^? p]ceiv$ by my s5ses--:i* latt] are call$ ,,r$ ,,?+s4 ,f all :i* ,i conclude1 ,,!re ,,is ,a ,,m9d ,,:i* ,,affects ,,me ,,e ,,mom5t ,,) ,,all ,,! ,,s5sible ,,impressions ,i ,,p]ceive4 ,,&1 f ! v>iety1 ord]1 & mann] ( ^!1 ,i conclude ,,! ,,au?or ,,( ,,!m ,,to ,,be ,,wise1 ,,p[]ful1 ,,& ,,good1 ,,beyond ,,compreh5sion4 ,,m>k x well2 ,i d n say1 ,i see ?+s by p]ceiv+ t :i* repres5ts !m 9 ! intelligible ,sub/ance ( ,god4 ,?is ,i d n und]/&2 b ,i say1 ! ?+s by me p]ceiv$ are kn[n by ! und]/&+1 & produc$ by ! w ( an inf9ite ,_s4 ,& is n all ?is mo/ pla9 & evid5t8 ,is !re any m 9 x ?an :at a little obs]vation 9 our own m9ds1 & t :i* passe? 9 !m1 n only enables u to conceive1 b also obliges u to ackn[l$ge4 ,,hyl4 ,i ?9k ,i und]/& y v cle>ly2 & own ! pro( y give ( a ,deity seems no less evid5t ?an x is surpris+4 ,b1 all[+ t ,god is ! supreme & univ]sal ,cause ( an ?+s1 yet1 may !re n be /ill a ,?ird ,nature besides ,spirits & ,ideas8 ,may we n admit a subord9ate & limit$ cause ( our ideas8 ,9 a ^w1 may !re n = all t be ,,matt]8 ,,phil4 ,h[ (t5 mu/ ,i inculcate ! same ?+8 ,y all[ ! ?+s imm$iately p]ceiv$ by s5se to exi/ n[h]e )\t ! m9d2 b !re is no?+ p]ceiv$ by s5se :i* is n p]ceiv$ imm$iately3 !re=e !re is no?+ s5sible t exi/s )\t ! m9d4 ,! ,matt]1 !re=e1 :i* y /ill insi/ on is some?+ intelligible1 ,i suppose2 some?+ t may be discov]$ by reason1 & n by s5se4 ,,hyl4 ,y are 9 ! "r4 ,,phil4 ,pray let me "k :at reason+ y\r belief ( ,matt] is gr\nd$ on2 & :at ?is ,matt] is1 9 y\r pres5t s5se ( x4 ,,hyl4 ,i f9d myself affect$ ) v>i\s ideas1 :]e( ,i "k ,i am n ! cause2 nei!r are !y ! cause ( !mselves1 or ( "o ano!r1 or capable ( subsi/+ by !mselves1 z be+ altoge!r inactive1 fleet+1 dep5d5t be+s4 ,!y h !re=e ,,"s cause di/9ct f me & !m3 ( :i* ,i pret5d to "k no m ?an t x is ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,my ,,ideas4 ,& ?is ?+1 :atev] x be1 ,i call ,matt]4 ,,phil4 ,tell me1 ,hylas1 ha? e "o a lib]ty to *ange ! curr5t prop] signification atta*$ to a common "n 9 any language8 ,= example1 suppose a travell] %\ld tell y t 9 a c]ta9 c\ntry m5 pass unhurt ?r\gh ! fire2 &1 ^u expla9+ himself1 y f\nd he meant by ! ^w fire t :i* o!rs call ,,wat]4 ,or1 if he %\ld ass]t t !re are trees t walk ^u two legs1 mean+ m5 by ! t]m ,,trees4 ,w\ld y ?9k ?is reasonable8 ,,hyl4 ,no2 ,i %\ld ?9k x v absurd4 ,common cu/om is ! /&>d ( propriety 9 language4 ,& = any man to affect speak+ improp]ly is to p]v]t ! use ( spee*1 & c nev] s]ve to a bett] purpose ?an to protract & multiply disputes1 :]e !re is no diff]5ce 9 op9ion4 ,,phil4 ,& do? n ,,matt]1 9 ! common curr5t acceptation ( ! ^w1 signify an ext5d$1 solid1 moveable1 un?9k+1 inactive ,sub/ance8 ,,hyl4 ,x do?4 ,,phil4 ,&1 ha? x n be5 made evid5t t no ,,su* sub/ance c possibly exi/8 ,&1 ?\gh x %\ld be all[$ to exi/1 yet h[ c t :i* is ,,inactive be a ,,cause2 or t :i* is ,,un?9k+ be a ,,cause ,,( ,,?\ght8 ,y may1 inde$1 if y please1 annex to ! ^w ,,matt] a contr>y mean+ to :at is vulg>ly receiv$2 & tell me y und]/& by x1 an unext5d$1 ?9k+1 active be+1 :i* is ! cause ( our ideas4 ,b :at else is ?is ?an to play ) words1 & run into t v fault y j n[ condemn$ ) s mu* reason8 ,i d by no means f9d fault ) y\r reason+1 9 t y collect a cause f ! ,,ph5om5a3 ,,b ,i d5y t ,,! cause d$ucible by reason c prop]ly be t]m$ ,matt]4 ,,hyl4 ,!re is inde$ some?+ 9 :at y say4 ,b ,i am afraid y d n ?or\ghly compreh5d my mean+4 ,i w\ld by no means be ?\ght to d5y t ,god1 or an inf9ite ,_s1 is ! ,supreme ,cause ( all ?+s4 ,all ,i cont5d = is1 t1 subord9ate to ! ,supreme ,ag5t1 !re is a cause ( a limit$ & inf]ior nature1 :i* ,,concurs 9 ! production ( our ideas1 n by any act ( w1 or spiritual effici5cy1 b by t k9d ( action :i* belongs to ,matt]1 viz4 ,,motion4 ,,phil4 ,i f9d y are at e turn relaps+ into y\r old explod$ conceit1 ( a moveable1 & consequ5tly an ext5d$1 sub/ance1 exi/+ )\t ! m9d4 ,:at6 ,h y already =gott5 y 7 conv9c$2 or are y will+ ,i %\ld repeat :at has be5 said on t head8 ,9 tru? ?is is n fair deal+ 9 y1 /ill to suppose ! be+ ( t :i* y h s (t5 ackn[l$g$ to h no be+4 ,b1 n to insi/ f>!r on :at has be5 s l>gely h&l$1 ,i ask :e!r all y\r ideas are n p]fectly passive & in]t1 includ+ no?+ ( action 9 !m4 ,,hyl4 ,!y are4 ,,phil4 ,& are s5sible qualities any?+ else b ideas8 ,,hyl4 ,h[ (t5 h ,i ackn[l$g$ t !y are n4 ,,phil4 ,b is n ,,motion a s5sible quality8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,consequ5tly x is no action8 ,,hyl4 ,i agree ) y4 ,& inde$ x is v pla9 t :5 ,i /ir my f+]1 x rema9s passive2 b my w :i* produc$ ! motion is active4 ,,phil4 ,n[1 ,i desire to "k1 9 ! fir/ place1 :e!r1 motion be+ all[$ to be no action1 y c conceive any action besides volition3 &1 9 ! second place1 :e!r to say some?+ & conceive no?+ be n to talk nons5se3 &1 la/ly1 :e!r1 hav+ consid]$ ! premises1 y d n p]ceive t to suppose any effici5t or active ,cause ( our ideas1 o!r ?an ,,_s1 is highly absurd & unreasonable8 ,,hyl4 ,i give up ! po9t entirely4 ,b1 ?\gh ,matt] may n be a cause1 yet :at h9d]s its be+ an ,,in/rum5t1 subs]vi5t to ! supreme ,ag5t 9 ! production ( our ideas8 ,,phil4 ,an in/rum5t say y2 pray :at may be ! figure1 spr+s1 :eels1 & motions1 ( t in/rum5t8 ,,hyl4 ,^? ,i pret5d to det]m9e no?+ (1 bo? ! sub/ance & its qualities be+ entirely unkn[n to me4 ,,phil4 ,:at8 ,y are !n ( op9ion x is made up ( unkn[n p>ts1 t x ha? unkn[n motions1 & an unkn[n %ape8 ,,hyl4 ,i d n believe t x ha? any figure or motion at all1 be+ already conv9c$1 t no s5sible qualities c exi/ 9 an unp]ceiv+ sub/ance4 ,,phil4 ,b :at notion is x possible to frame ( an in/rum5t void ( all s5sible qualities1 ev5 ext5sion itself8 ,,hyl4 ,i d n pret5d to h any notion ( x4 ,,phil4 ,& :at reason h y to ?9k ?is unkn[n1 ?is inconceivable ,some:at do? exi/8 ,is x t y imag9e ,god _c act z well )\t x2 or t y f9d by exp]i5ce ! use ( "s su* ?+1 :5 y =m ideas 9 y\r own m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,y are always teas+ me = reasons ( my belief4 ,pray :at reasons h y n to believe x8 ,,phil4 ,x is to me a suffici5t reason n to believe ! exi/5ce ( any?+1 if ,i see no reason = believ+ x4 ,b1 n to insi/ on reasons = believ+1 y w n s mu* z let me "k ,,:at ,,x ,,is y w\ld h me believe2 s9ce y say y h no mann] ( notion ( x4 ,aft] all1 let me entreat y to consid] :e!r x be l a philosoph]1 or ev5 l a man ( common s5se1 to pret5d to believe y "k n :at & y "k n :y4 ,,hyl4 ,hold1 ,philon\s4 ,:5 ,i tell y ,matt] is an ,,in/rum5t1 ,i d n mean altoge!r no?+4 ,x is true ,i "k n ! p>ticul> k9d ( in/rum5t2 b1 h[ev]1 ,i h "s notion ( ,,in/rum5t ,,9 ,,g5]al1 :i* ,i apply to x4 ,,phil4 ,b :at if x %\ld prove t !re is some?+1 ev5 9 ! mo/ g5]al notion ( ,,in/rum5t1 z tak5 9 a di/9ct s5se f ,,cause1 :i* makes ! use ( x inconsi/5t ) ! ,div9e attributes8 ,,hyl4 ,make t appe> & ,i %all give up ! po9t4 ,,phil4 ,:at mean y by ! g5]al nature or notion ( ,,in/rum5t8 ,,hyl4 ,t :i* is common to all p>ticul> in/rum5ts compose? ! g5]al notion4 ,,phil4 ,is x n common to all in/rum5ts1 t !y are appli$ to ! do+ ^? ?+s only :i* _c be p]=m$ by ! m]e act ( our wills8 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ,i nev] use an in/rum5t to move my f+]1 because x is done by a volition4 ,b ,i %\ld use "o if ,i 7 to remove "p ( a rock1 or te> up a tree by ! roots4 ,are y ( ! same m9d8 ,or1 c y %ew any example :]e an in/rum5t is made use ( 9 produc+ an effect ,,imm$iately dep5d+ on ! w ( ! ag5t8 ,,hyl4 ,i own ,i _c4 ,,phil4 ,h[ !re=e c y suppose t an ,all-p]fect ,_s1 on ^: ,w all ?+s h an absolute & imm$iate dep5d5ce1 %\ld ne$ an in/rum5t 9 8 op]ations1 or1 n ne$+ x1 make use ( x8 ,?us x seems to me t y are oblig$ to own ! use ( a lifeless inactive in/rum5t to be incompatible ) ! inf9ite p]fection ( ,god2 t is1 by y\r own confession1 to give up ! po9t4 ,,hyl4 ,x do? n readily occur :at ,i c answ] y4 ,,phil4 ,b1 me?9ks y %\ld be ready to own ! tru?1 :5 x has be5 fairly prov$ to y4 ,we inde$1 :o are be+s ( f9ite p[]s1 are =c$ to make use ( in/rum5ts4 ,& ! use ( an in/rum5t %ewe? ! ag5t to be limit$ by rules ( ano!r's prescription1 & t he _c obta9 8 end b 9 su* a way1 & by su* conditions4 ,:5ce x seems a cle> consequ5ce1 t ! supreme unlimit$ ag5t use? no tool or in/rum5t at all4 ,! w ( an ,omnipot5t ,_s is no soon] ex]t$ ?an execut$1 )\t ! application ( means2 :i*1 if !y are employ$ by inf]ior ag5ts1 x is n ^u acc\nt ( any real efficacy t is 9 !m1 or necess>y aptitude to produce any effect1 b m]ely 9 compliance ) ! laws ( nature1 or ^? conditions prescrib$ to !m by ! ,fir/ ,cause1 :o is ,himself above all limitation or prescription :atsoev]4 ,,hyl4 ,i w no long] ma9ta9 t ,matt] is an in/rum5t4 ,h[ev]1 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood to give up its exi/5ce nei!r2 s9ce1 not)/&+ :at ha? be5 said1 x may /ill be an ,,occasion4 ,,phil4 ,h[ _m %apes is y\r ,matt] to take8 ,or1 h[ (t5 mu/ x be prov$ n to exi/1 be=e y are cont5t to "p ) x8 ,b1 to say no m ( ?is 7?\gh by all ! laws ( disputation ,i may ju/ly blame y = s frequ5tly *ang+ ! signification ( ! pr9cipal t]m7--,i w\ld fa9 "k :at y mean by affirm+ t matt] is an occasion1 hav+ already d5i$ x to be a cause4 ,&1 :5 y h %ewn 9 :at s5se y und]/& ,,occasion1 pray1 9 ! next place1 be pleas$ to %ew me :at reason induce? y to believe !re is su* an occasion ( our ideas8 ,,hyl4 ,z to ! fir/ po9t3 by ,,occasion ,i mean an inactive un?9k+ be+1 at ! pres5ce :]e( ,god excites ideas 9 our m9ds4 ,,phil4 ,& :at may be ! nature ( t inactive un?9k+ be+8 ,,hyl4 ,i "k no?+ ( its nature4 ,,phil4 ,proce$ !n to ! second po9t1 & assign "s reason :y we %\ld all[ an exi/5ce to ?is inactive1 un?9k+1 unkn[n ?+4 ,,hyl4 ,:5 we see ideas produc$ 9 our m9ds1 aft] an ord]ly & con/ant mann]1 x is natural to ?9k !y h "s fix$ & regul> occasions1 at ! pres5ce ( :i* !y are excit$4 ,,phil4 ,y ackn[l$ge !n ,god alone to be ! cause ( our ideas1 & t ,he causes !m at ! pres5ce ( ^? occasions4 ,,hyl4 ,t is my op9ion4 ,,phil4 ,^? ?+s :i* y say are pres5t to ,god1 )\t d\bt ,he p]ceives4 ,,hyl4 ,c]ta9ly2 o!rwise !y c\ld n be to ,him an occasion ( act+4 ,,phil4 ,n to insi/ n[ on y\r mak+ s5se ( ?is hypo!sis1 or answ]+ all ! puzzl+ que/ions & difficulties x is liable to3 ,i only ask :e!r ! ord] & regul>ity obs]vable 9 ! s]ies ( our ideas1 or ! c\rse ( nature1 be n suffici5tly acc\nt$ = by ! wisdom & p[] ( ,god2 & :e!r x do? n d]ogate f ^? attributes1 to suppose ,he is influ5c$1 direct$1 or put 9 m9d1 :5 & :at ,he is to act1 by an un?9k+ sub/ance8 ,&1 la/ly1 :e!r1 9 case ,i grant$ all y cont5d =1 x w\ld make any?+ to y\r purpose2 x n be+ easy to conceive h[ ! ext]nal or absolute exi/5ce ( an un?9k+ sub/ance1 di/9ct f its be+ p]ceiv$1 c be inf]r$ f my all[+ t !re are c]ta9 ?+s p]ceiv$ by ! m9d ( ,god1 :i* are to ,him ! occasion ( produc+ ideas 9 u8 ,,hyl4 ,i am p]fectly at a loss :at to ?9k1 ?is notion ( ,,occasion seem+ n[ altoge!r z gr\ndless z ! re/4 ,,phil4 ,d y n at l5g? p]ceive t 9 all ^! diff]5t acceptations ( ,,matt]1 y h be5 only suppos+ y "k n :at1 = no mann] ( reason1 & to no k9d ( use8 ,,hyl4 ,i freely own myself less fond ( my notions s9ce !y h be5 s accurately exam9$4 ,b /ill1 me?9ks1 ,i h "s confus$ p]ception t !re is su* a ?+ z ,,matt]4 ,,phil4 ,ei!r y p]ceive ! be+ ( ,matt] imm$iately or m$iately4 ,if imm$iately1 pray in=m me by :i* ( ! s5ses y p]ceive x4 ,if m$iately1 let me "k by :at reason+ x is inf]r$ f ^? ?+s :i* y p]ceive imm$iately4 ,s mu* = ! p]ception4 ,!n = ! ,matt] itself1 ,i ask :e!r x is object1 ,,sub/ratum1 cause1 in/rum5t1 or occasion8 ,y h already plead$ = ea* ( ^!1 %ift+ y\r notions1 & mak+ ,matt] to appe> sometimes 9 "o %ape1 !n 9 ano!r4 ,& :at y h (f]$ ha? be5 disapprov$ & reject$ by y\rself4 ,if y h any?+ new to advance ,i w\ld gladly be> x4 ,,hyl4 ,i ?9k ,i h already (f]$ all ,i _h to say on ^? heads4 ,i am at a loss :at m to urge4 ,,phil4 ,& yet y are loa? to "p ) y\r old prejudice4 ,b1 to make y quit x m easily1 ,i desire t1 beside :at has be5 hi!rto sugge/$1 y w f>!r consid] :e!r1 ^u supposition t ,matt] exi/s1 y c possibly conceive h[ y %\ld be affect$ by x4 ,or1 suppos+ x did n exi/1 :e!r x be n evid5t y might = all t be affect$ ) ! same ideas y n[ are1 & consequ5tly h ! v same reasons to believe its exi/5ce t y n[ c h4 ,,hyl4 ,i ackn[l$ge x is possible we might p]ceive all ?+s j z we d n[1 ?\gh !re 0 no ,matt] 9 ! _w2 nei!r c ,i conceive1 if !re be ,matt]1 h[ x %\ld produce' any idea 9 our m9ds4 ,&1 ,i d f>!r grant y h entirely satisfi$ me t x is impossible !re %\ld be su* a ?+ z matt] 9 any ( ! =ego+ acceptations4 ,b /ill ,i _c help suppos+ t !re is ,,matt] 9 "s s5se or o!r4 ,,:at ,,t ,,is ,i d n inde$ pret5d to det]m9e4 ,,phil4 ,i d n expect y %\ld def9e exactly ! nature ( t unkn[n be+4 ,only be pleas$ to tell me :e!r x is a ,sub/ance2 & if s1 :e!r y c suppose a ,sub/ance )\t accid5ts2 or1 9 case y suppose x to h accid5ts or qualities1 ,i desire y w let me "k :at ^? qualities are1 at lea/ :at is meant by ,matt]'s support+ !m8 ,,hyl4 ,we h already argu$ on ^? po9ts4 ,i h no m to say to !m4 ,b1 to prev5t any f>!r que/ions1 let me tell y ,i at pres5t und]/& by ,,matt] nei!r sub/ance nor accid5t1 ?9k+ nor ext5d$ be+1 nei!r cause1 in/rum5t1 nor occasion1 b ,some?+ entirely unkn[n1 di/9ct f all ^!4 ,,phil4 ,x seems !n y include 9 y\r pres5t notion ( ,matt] no?+ b ! g5]al ab/ract idea ( ,,entity4 ,,hyl4 ,no?+ else2 save only t ,i sup]-add to ?is g5]al idea ! negation ( all ^? p>ticul> ?+s1 qualities1 or ideas1 t ,i p]ceive1 imag9e1 or 9 anywise appreh5d4 ,,phil4 ,pray :]e d y suppose ?is unkn[n ,matt] to exi/8 ,,hyl4 ,oh ,philon\s6 n[ y ?9k y h entangl$ me2 =1 if ,i say x exi/s 9 place1 !n y w inf] t x exi/s 9 ! m9d1 s9ce x is agre$ t place or ext5sion exi/s only 9 ! m9d4 ,b ,i am n a%am$ to own my ignorance4 ,i "k n :]e x exi/s2 only ,i am sure x exi/s n 9 place4 ,!re is a negative answ] = y4 ,& y mu/ expect no o!r to all ! que/ions y put = ! future ab\t ,matt]4 ,,phil4 ,s9ce y w n tell me :]e x exi/s1 be pleas$ to in=m me aft] :at mann] y suppose x to exi/1 or :at y mean by its ,,exi/5ce8 ,,hyl4 ,x nei!r ?9ks nor acts1 nei!r p]ceives nor is p]ceiv$4 ,,phil4 ,b :at is !re positive 9 y\r ab/ract$ notion ( its exi/5ce8 ,,hyl4 ,^u a nice obs]vation1 ,i d n f9d ,i h any positive notion or mean+ at all4 ,i tell y aga91 ,i am n a%am$ to own my ignorance4 ,i "k n :at is meant by its ,,exi/5ce1 or h[ x exi/s4 ,,phil4 ,cont9ue1 good ,hylas1 to act ! same +5u\s "p1 & tell me s9c]ely :e!r y c frame a di/9ct idea ( ,entity 9 g5]al1 presc9d$ f & exclusive ( all ?9k+ & corporeal be+s1 all p>ticul> ?+s :atsoev]4 ,,hyl4 ,hold1 let me ?9k a little--,i pr(ess1 ,philon\s1 ,i d n f9d t ,i c4 ,at fir/ glance1 me?\ght ,i _h "s dilute & airy notion ( ,pure ,entity 9 ab/ract2 b1 ^u clos] att5tion1 x ha? q vani%$ out ( sight4 ,! m ,i ?9k on x1 ! m am ,i confirm$ 9 my prud5t resolution ( giv+ none b negative answ]s1 & n pret5d+ to ! lea/ degree ( any positive k or conception ( ,matt]1 its ,,:]e1 its ,,h[1 its ,,entity1 or any?+ belong+ to x4 ,,phil4 ,:51 !re=e1 y speak ( ! exi/5ce ( ,matt]1 y h n any notion 9 y\r m9d8 ,,hyl4 ,none at all4 ,,phil4 ,pray tell me if ! case /&s n ?us--,at fir/1 f a belief ( mat]ial sub/ance1 y w\ld h x t ! imm$iate objects exi/$ )\t ! m9d2 !n t !y are ar*etypes2 !n causes2 next in/rum5ts2 !n occasions3 la/ly ,,some?+ ,,9 ,,g5]al1 :i* be+ int]pret$ proves ,,no?+4 ,s ,matt] comes to no?+4 ,:at ?9k y1 ,hylas1 is n ?is a fair summ>y ( y\r :ole proce$+8 ,,hyl4 ,be t z x w1 yet ,i /ill insi/ ^u x1 t our n be+ able to conceive a ?+ is no argum5t aga9/ its exi/5ce4 ,,phil4 ,t f a cause1 effect1 op]ation1 sign1 or o!r circum/ance1 !re may reasonably be inf]r$ ! exi/5ce ( a ?+ n imm$iately p]ceiv$2 & t x 7 absurd = any man to argue aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( t ?+1 f 8 hav+ no direct & positive notion ( x1 ,i freely own4 ,b1 :]e !re is no?+ ( all ?is2 :]e nei!r reason nor revelation induces u to believe ! exi/5ce ( a ?+2 :]e we h n ev5 a relative notion ( x2 :]e an ab/raction is made f p]ceiv+ & be+ p]ceiv$1 f ,_s & idea3 la/ly1 :]e !re is n s mu* z ! mo/ inadequate or fa9t idea pret5d$ to--,i w n inde$ !nce conclude aga9/ ! reality ( any notion1 or exi/5ce ( any?+2 b my inf]5ce %all be1 t y mean no?+ at all2 t y employ words to no mann] ( purpose1 )\t any design or signification :atsoev]4 ,& ,i leave x to y to consid] h[ m]e j>gon %\ld be treat$4 ,,hyl4 ,to deal frankly ) y1 ,philon\s1 y\r argum5ts seem 9 !mselves unansw]able2 b !y h n s great an effect on me z to produce t entire conviction1 t he>ty acquiesc5ce1 :i* att5ds demon/ration4 ,i f9d myself relaps+ into an obscure surmise ( ,i "k n :at1 ,,matt]4 ,,phil4 ,b1 are y n s5sible1 ,hylas1 t two ?+s mu/ concur to take away all scruple1 & "w a pl5>y ass5t 9 ! m9d8 ,let a visible object be set 9 nev] s cle> a light1 yet1 if !re is any imp]fection 9 ! sight1 or if ! eye is n direct$ t[>ds x1 x w n be di/9ctly se54 ,& ?\gh a demon/ration be nev] s well gr\nd$ & fairly propos$1 yet1 if !re is )al a /a9 ( prejudice1 or a wrong bias on ! und]/&+1 c x be expect$ on a sudd5 to p]ceive cle>ly1 & adh]e firmly to ! tru?8 ,no2 !re is ne$ ( "t & pa9s3 ! att5tion mu/ be awak5$ & deta9$ by a frequ5t repetition ( ! same ?+ plac$ (t 9 ! same1 (t 9 diff]5t lights4 ,i h said x already1 & f9d ,i mu/ /ill repeat & inculcate1 t x is an unacc\ntable lic5ce y take1 9 pret5d+ to ma9ta9 y "k n :at1 = y "k n :at reason1 to y "k n :at purpose4 ,c ?is be p>allel$ 9 any art or sci5ce1 any sect or pr(ession ( m58 ,or is !re any?+ s b>efac$ly gr\ndless & unreasonable to be met ) ev5 9 ! l[e/ ( common conv]sation8 ,b1 p]haps y w /ill say1 ,matt] may exi/2 ?\gh at ! same "t y nei!r "k ,,:at ,,is ,,meant by ,,matt]1 or by its ,,exi/5ce4 ,?is inde$ is surpris+1 & ! m s because x is altoge!r volunt>y & ( y\r own head1 y n be+ l$ to x by any "o reason2 = ,i *all5ge y to %ew me t ?+ 9 nature :i* ne$s ,matt] to expla9 or acc\nt = x4 ,,hyl4 ,,! ,,reality ( ?+s _c be ma9ta9$ )\t suppos+ ! exi/5ce ( ,matt]4 ,& is n ?is1 ?9k y1 a good reason :y ,i %\ld be e>ne/ 9 its def5ce8 ,,phil4 ,! reality ( ?+s6 ,:at ?+s8 s5sible or intelligible8 ,,hyl4 ,s5sible ?+s4 ,,phil4 ,my glove = example8 ,,hyl4 ,t1 or any o!r ?+ p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,,phil4 ,b to fix on "s p>ticul> ?+4 ,is x n a suffici5t evid5ce to me ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is ,,glove1 t ,i see x1 & feel x1 & we> x8 ,or1 if ?is w n d1 h[ is x possible ,i %\ld be assur$ ( ! reality ( ?is ?+1 :i* ,i actually see 9 ?is place1 by suppos+ t "s unkn[n ?+1 :i* ,i nev] did or c see1 exi/s aft] an unkn[n mann]1 9 an unkn[n place1 or 9 no place at all8 ,h[ c ! suppos$ reality ( t :i* is intangible be a pro( t any?+ tangible really exi/s8 ,or1 ( t :i* is invisible1 t any visible ?+1 or1 9 g5]al ( any?+ :i* is imp]ceptible1 t a p]ceptible exi/s8 ,d b expla9 ?is & ,i %all ?9k no?+ too h>d = y4 ,,hyl4 ,^u ! :ole1 ,i am cont5t to own ! exi/5ce ( matt] is highly improbable2 b ! direct & absolute impossibility ( x does n appe> to me4 ,,phil4 ,b grant+ ,matt] to be possible1 yet1 ^u t acc\nt m]ely1 x c h no m claim to exi/5ce ?an a gold5 m\nta91 or a c5taur4 ,,hyl4 ,i ackn[l$ge x2 b /ill y d n d5y x is possible2 & t :i* is possible1 = aught y "k1 may actually exi/4 ,,phil4 ,i d5y x to be possible2 & h1 if ,i mi/ake n1 evid5tly prov$1 f y\r own concessions1 t x is n4 ,9 ! common s5se ( ! ^w ,,matt]1 is !re any m impli$ ?an an ext5d$1 solid1 figur$1 moveable sub/ance1 exi/+ )\t ! m9d8 ,& h n y ackn[l$g$1 ov] & ov]1 t y h se5 evid5t reason = d5y+ ! possibility ( su* a sub/ance8 ,,hyl4 ,true1 b t is only "o s5se ( ! t]m ,,matt]4 ,,phil4 ,b is x n ! only prop] g5u9e receiv$ s5se8 ,&1 if ,matt]1 9 su* a s5se1 be prov$ impossible1 may x n be ?\ght ) good gr\nds absolutely impossible8 ,else h[ c\ld any?+ be prov$ impossible8 ,or1 inde$1 h[ c\ld !re be any pro( at all "o way or o!r1 to a man :o takes ! lib]ty to unsettle & *ange ! common signification ( words8 ,,hyl4 ,i ?\ght philosoph]s might be all[$ to speak m accurately ?an ! vulg>1 & 7 n always conf9$ to ! common acceptation ( a t]m4 ,,phil4 ,b ?is n[ m5tion$ is ! common receiv$ s5se among philosoph]s !mselves4 ,b1 n to insi/ on t1 h y n be5 all[$ to take ,matt] 9 :at s5se y pleas$8 ,& h y n us$ ?is privilege 9 ! utmo/ ext5t2 sometimes entirely *ang+1 at o!rs leav+ out1 or putt+ into ! def9ition ( x :atev]1 = ! pres5t1 be/ s]v$ y\r design1 contr>y to all ! kn[n rules ( reason & logic8 ,& ha? n ?is %ift+1 unfair me?od ( y\rs spun out our dispute to an unnecess>y l5g?2 ,matt] hav+ be5 p>ticul>ly exam9$1 & by y\r own confession refut$ 9 ea* ( ^? s5ses8 ,& c any m be requir$ to prove ! absolute impossibility ( a ?+1 ?an ! prov+ x impossible 9 e p>ticul> s5se t ei!r y or any "o else und]/&s x 98 ,,hyl4 ,b ,i am n s ?or\ghly satisfi$ t y h prov$ ! impossibility ( ,matt]1 9 ! la/ mo/ obscure ab/ract$ & indef9ite s5se4 ,,phil4 4 ,:5 is a ?+ %ewn to be impossible8 ,,hyl4 ,:5 a repugnancy is demon/rat$ betwe5 ! ideas compreh5d$ 9 its def9ition4 ,,phil4 ,b :]e !re are no ideas1 !re no repugnancy c be demon/rat$ betwe5 ideas8 ,,hyl4 ,i agree ) y4 ,,phil4 ,n[1 9 t :i* y call ! obscure indef9ite s5se ( ! ^w ,,matt]1 x is pla91 by y\r own confession1 !re 0 includ$ no idea at all1 no s5se except an unkn[n s5se2 :i* is ! same ?+ z none4 ,y are n1 !re=e1 to expect ,i %\ld prove a repugnancy betwe5 ideas1 :]e !re are no ideas2 or ! impossibility ( ,matt] tak5 9 an ,,unkn[n s5se1 t is1 no s5se at all4 ,my bus9ess 0 only to %ew y meant ,,no?+2 & ?is y 7 br\ght to own4 ,s t1 9 all y\r v>i\s s5ses1 y h be5 %ew$ ei!r to mean no?+ at all1 or1 if any?+1 an absurdity4 ,& if ?is be n suffici5t to prove ! impossibility ( a ?+1 ,i desire y w let me "k :at is4 ,,hyl4 ,i ackn[l$ge y h prov$ t ,matt] is impossible2 nor d ,i see :at m c be said 9 def5ce ( x4 ,b1 at ! same "t t ,i give up ?is1 ,i suspect all my o!r notions4 ,= surely none c\ld be m seem+ly evid5t ?an ?is once 03 & yet x n[ seems z false & absurd z ev] x did true be=e4 ,b ,i ?9k we h discuss$ ! po9t suffici5tly = ! pres5t4 ,! rema9+ "p ( ! day ,i w\ld will+ly sp5d 9 runn+ ov] 9 my ?\ghts ! sev]al heads ( ?is morn+'s conv]sation1 & tomorr[ %all be glad to meet y "h aga9 ab\t ! same "t4 ,,phil4 ,i w n fail to att5d y4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,dialogue ,,philon\s4 ,tell me1 ,hylas1 :at are ! fruits ( ye/]day's m$itation8 ,has x confirm$ y 9 ! same m9d y 7 9 at p>t+8 or h y s9ce se5 cause to *ange y\r op9ion8 ,,hylas4 ,truly my op9ion is t all our op9ions are alike va9 & unc]ta94 ,:at we approve to-day1 we condemn to-morr[4 ,we keep a /ir ab\t k1 & sp5d our lives 9 ! pursuit ( x1 :51 alas ,i we "k no?+ all ! :ile3 nor d ,i ?9k x possible = u ev] to "k any?+ 9 ?is life4 ,our faculties are too n>r[ & too few4 ,nature c]ta9ly nev] int5d$ u = speculation4 ,,phil4 ,:at6 ,say y we c "k no?+1 ,hylas8 ,,hyl4 ,!re is n t s+le ?+ 9 ! _w :]e( we c "k ! real nature1 or :at x is 9 itself4 ,,phil4 ,w y tell me ,i d n really "k :at fire or wat] is8 ,,hyl4 ,y may inde$ "k t fire appe>s hot1 & wat] fluid2 b ?is is no m ?an kn[+ :at s5sations are produc$ 9 y\r own m9d1 ^u ! application ( fire & wat] to y\r organs ( s5se4 ,_! int]nal con/itution1 _! true & real nature1 y are utt]ly 9 ! d>k z to ,,t4 ,,phil4 ,d ,i n "k ?is to be a real /one t ,i /& on1 & t :i* ,i see be=e my eyes to be a real tree8 ,,hyl4 ,,"k8 ,no1 x is impossible y or any man alive %\ld "k x4 ,all y "k is1 t y h su* a c]ta9 idea or appe>ance 9 y\r own m9d4 ,b :at is ?is to ! real tree or /one8 ,i tell y t col\r1 figure1 & h>dness1 :i* y p]ceive1 are n ! real natures ( ^? ?+s1 or 9 ! lea/ l !m4 ,! same may be said ( all o!r real ?+s1 or corporeal sub/ances1 :i* compose ! _w4 ,!y h none ( !m any?+ ( !mselves1 l ^? s5sible qualities by u p]ceiv$4 ,we %\ld n !re=e pret5d to affirm or "k any?+ ( !m1 z !y are 9 _! own nature4 ,,phil4 ,b surely1 ,hylas1 ,i c di/+ui% gold1 = example1 f iron3 & h[ c\ld ?is be1 if ,i knew n :at ei!r truly 08 ,,hyl4 ,believe me1 ,philon\s1 y c only di/+ui% betwe5 y\r own ideas4 ,t yell[ness1 t weight1 & o!r s5sible qualities1 ?9k y !y are really 9 ! gold8 ,!y are only relative to ! s5ses1 & h no absolute exi/5ce 9 nature4 ,& 9 pret5d+ to di/+ui% ! species ( real ?+s1 by ! appe>ances 9 y\r m9d1 y may p]haps act z wisely z he t %\ld conclude two m5 7 ( a diff]5t species1 because _! clo!s 7 n ( ! same col\r4 ,,phil4 ,x seems1 !n1 we are altoge!r put (f ) ! appe>ances ( ?+s1 & ^? false ones too4 ,! v meat ,i eat1 & ! clo? ,i we>1 h no?+ 9 !m l :at ,i see & feel4 ,,hyl4 ,ev5 s4 ,,phil4 ,b is x n /range ! :ole _w %\ld be ?us impos$ on1 & s fooli% z to believe _! s5ses8 ,& yet ,i "k n h[ x is1 b m5 eat1 & dr9k1 & sleep1 & p]=m all ! (fices ( life1 z com=tably & conv5i5tly z if !y really knew ! ?+s !y are conv]sant ab\t4 ,,hyl4 ,!y d s3 b y "k ord9>y practice does n require a nicety ( speculative k4 ,h5ce ! vulg> reta9 _! mi/akes1 & = all t make a %ift to bu/le ?r\gh ! affairs ( life4 ,b philosoph]s "k bett] ?+s4 ,,phil4 ,y mean1 !y ,,"k t !y ,,"k ,,no?+4 ,,hyl4 ,t is ! v top & p]fection ( human k4 ,,phil4 ,b are y all ?is :ile 9 e>ne/1 ,hylas2 & are y s]i\sly p]suad$ t y "k no?+ real 9 ! _w8 ,suppose y are go+ to write1 w\ld y n call = p51 ink1 & pap]1 l ano!r man2 & d y n "k :at x is y call =8 ,,hyl4 ,h[ (t5 mu/ ,i tell y1 t ,i "k n ! real nature ( any "o ?+ 9 ! univ]se8 ,i may inde$ ^u occasion make use ( p51 ink1 & pap]4 ,b :at any "o ( !m is 9 its own true nature1 ,i decl>e positively ,i "k n4 ,& ! same is true ) reg>d to e o!r corporeal ?+4 ,&1 :at is m1 we are n only ignorant ( ! true & real nature ( ?+s1 b ev5 ( _! exi/5ce4 ,x _c be d5i$ t we p]ceive su* c]ta9 appe>ances or ideas2 b x _c be conclud$ f !nce t bodies really exi/4 ,nay1 n[ ,i ?9k on x1 ,i mu/1 agreeably to my =m] concessions1 f>!r decl>e t x is impossible any ,,real corporeal ?+ %\ld exi/ 9 nature4 ,,phil4 ,y amaze me4 ,0 ev] any?+ m wild & extravagant ?an ! notions y n[ ma9ta93 & is x n evid5t y are l$ into all ^! extravagances by ! belief ( ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ance8 ,?is makes y dream ( ^? unkn[n natures 9 ev]y?+4 ,x is ?is occasions y\r di/+ui%+ betwe5 ! reality & s5sible appe>ances ( ?+s4 ,x is to ?is y are indebt$ = be+ ignorant ( :at ev]ybody else kn[s p]fectly well4 ,nor is ?is all3 y are n only ignorant ( ! true nature ( ev]y?+1 b y "k n :e!r any?+ really exi/s1 or :e!r !re are any true natures at all2 =asmu* z y attribute to y\r mat]ial be+s an absolute or ext]nal exi/5ce1 :]e9 y suppose _! reality consi/s4 ,&1 z y are =c$ 9 ! end to ackn[l$ge su* an exi/5ce means ei!r a direct repugnancy1 or no?+ at all1 x foll[s t y are oblig$ to pull d[n y\r own hypo!sis ( mat]ial ,sub/ance1 & positively to d5y ! real exi/5ce ( any "p ( ! univ]se4 ,& s y are plung$ into ! deepe/ & mo/ deplorable scepticism t ev] man 04 ,tell me1 ,hylas1 is x n z ,i say8 ,,hyl4 ,i agree ) y4 ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ance 0 no m ?an an hypo!sis2 & a false & gr\ndless "o too4 ,i w no long] sp5d my brea? 9 def5ce ( x4 ,b :atev] hypo!sis y advance1 or :atsoev] s*eme ( ?+s y introduce 9 its /ead1 ,i d\bt n x w appe> e :it z false3 let me b be all[$ to "q y ^u x4 ,t is1 suff] me to s]ve y 9 y\r own k9d1 & ,i w>rant x %all conduct y ?r\gh z _m p]plexities & contradictions1 to ! v same /ate ( scepticism t ,i myself am 9 at pres5t4 ,,phil4 ,i assure y1 ,hylas1 ,i d n pret5d to frame any hypo!sis at all4 ,i am ( a vulg> ca/1 simple en\gh to believe my s5ses1 & leave ?+s z ,i f9d !m4 ,to be pla91 x is my op9ion t ! real ?+s are ^? v ?+s ,i see1 & feel1 & p]ceive by my s5ses4 ,^! ,i "k2 &1 f9d+ !y answ] all ! necessities & purposes ( life1 h no reason to be solicit\s ab\t any o!r unkn[n be+s4 ,a piece ( s5sible bread1 = in/ance1 w\ld /ay my /oma* bett] ?an t5 ?\s& times z mu* ( t ins5sible1 un9telligible1 real bread y speak (4 ,x is likewise my op9ion t col\rs & o!r s5sible qualities are on ! objects4 ,i _c = my life help ?9k+ t sn[ is :ite1 & fire hot4 ,y inde$1 :o by ,,sn[ & fire mean c]ta9 ext]nal1 unp]ceiv$1 unp]ceiv+ sub/ances1 are 9 ! "r to d5y :it5ess or heat to be affections inh]5t 9 ,,!m4 ,b ,i1 :o und]/& by ^? words ! ?+s ,i see & feel1 am oblig$ to ?9k l o!r folks4 ,&1 z ,i am no sceptic ) reg>d to ! nature ( ?+s1 s nei!r am ,i z to _! exi/5ce4 ,t a ?+ %\ld be really p]ceiv$ by my s5ses1 & at ! same "t n really exi/1 is to me a pla9 contradiction2 s9ce ,i _c presc9d or ab/ract1 ev5 9 ?\ght1 ! exi/5ce ( a s5sible ?+ f its be+ p]ceiv$4 ,wood1 /ones1 fire1 wat]1 fle%1 iron1 & ! l ?+s1 :i* ,i "n & disc\rse (1 are ?+s t ,i "k4 ,& ,i %\ld n h kn[n !m b t ,i p]ceiv$ !m by my s5ses2 & ?+s p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses are imm$iately p]ceiv$2 & ?+s imm$iately p]ceiv$ are ideas2 & ideas _c exi/ )\t ! m9d2 _! exi/5ce !re=e consi/s 9 be+ p]ceiv$2 :51 !re=e1 !y are actually p]ceiv$ !re c be no d\bt ( _! exi/5ce4 ,away !n ) all t scepticism1 all ^? ridicul\s philosophical d\bts4 ,:at a je/ is x = a philosoph] to "q ! exi/5ce ( s5sible ?+s1 till he ha? x prov$ to him f ! v]acity ( ,god2 or to pret5d our k 9 ?is po9t falls %ort ( intuition or demon/ration6 ,i might z well d\bt ( my own be+1 z ( ! be+ ( ^? ?+s ,i actually see & feel4 ,,hyl4 ,n s fa/1 ,philon\s3 y say y _c conceive h[ s5sible ?+s %\ld exi/ )\t ! m9d4 ,d y n8 ,,phil4 ,i d4 ,,hyl4 ,suppos+ y 7 annihilat$1 _c y conceive x possible t ?+s p]ceivable by s5se may /ill exi/8 ,,phil4 ,i c2 b !n x mu/ be 9 ano!r m9d4 ,:5 ,i d5y s5sible ?+s an exi/5ce out ( ! m9d1 ,i d n mean my m9d 9 p>ticul>1 b all m9ds4 ,n[1 x is pla9 !y h an exi/5ce ext]ior to my m9d2 s9ce ,i f9d !m by exp]i5ce to be indep5d5t ( x4 ,!re is !re=e "s o!r ,m9d :]e9 !y exi/1 dur+ ! int]vals betwe5 ! times ( my p]ceiv+ !m3 z likewise !y did be=e my bir?1 & w\ld d aft] my suppos$ annihilation4 ,&1 z ! same is true ) reg>d to all o!r f9ite creat$ spirits1 x necess>ily foll[s !re is an ,,omnipres5t ,,et]nal ,,m9d1 :i* kn[s & compreh5ds all ?+s1 & exhibits !m to our view 9 su* a mann]1 & accord+ to su* rules1 z ,he ,himself ha? orda9$1 & are by u t]m$ ! ,,laws ,,( ,,nature4 ,,hyl4 ,answ] me1 ,philon\s4 ,are all our ideas p]fectly in]t be+s8 ,or h !y any ag5cy includ$ 9 !m8 ,,phil4 ,!y are altoge!r passive & in]t4 ,,hyl4 ,& is n ,god an ag5t1 a be+ purely active8 ,,phil4 ,i ackn[l$ge x4 ,,hyl4 ,no idea !re=e c be l unto1 or repres5t ! nature ( ,god8 ,,phil4 ,x _c4 ,,hyl4 ,s9ce !re=e y h no ,,idea ( ! m9d ( ,god1 h[ c y conceive x possible t ?+s %\ld exi/ 9 ,8 m9d8 ,or1 if y c conceive ! m9d ( ,god1 )\t hav+ an idea ( x1 :y may n ,i be all[$ to conceive ! exi/5ce ( ,matt]1 not)/&+ ,i h no idea ( x8 ,,phil4 ,z to y\r fir/ "q3 ,i own ,i h prop]ly no ,,idea1 ei!r ( ,god or any o!r _s2 = ^! be+ active1 _c be repres5t$ by ?+s p]fectly in]t1 z our ideas are4 ,i d nev]!less "k t ,i1 :o am a _s or ?9k+ sub/ance1 exi/ z c]ta9ly z ,i "k my ideas exi/4 ,f>!r1 ,i "k :at ,i mean by ! t]ms ,i ,,& ,,myself2 & ,i "k ?is imm$iately or intuitively1 ?\gh ,i d n p]ceive x z ,i p]ceive a triangle1 a col\r1 or a s\nd4 ,! ,m9d1 ,_s1 or ,s\l is t indivisible unext5d$ ?+ :i* ?9ks1 acts1 & p]ceives4 ,i say ,,indivisible1 because unext5d$2 & ,,unext5d$1 because ext5d$1 figur$1 moveable ?+s are ideas2 & t :i* p]ceives ideas1 :i* ?9ks & wills1 is pla9ly itself no idea1 nor l an idea4 ,ideas are ?+s inactive1 & p]ceiv$4 ,& ,spirits a sort ( be+s altoge!r diff]5t f !m4 ,i d n !re=e say my s\l is an idea1 or l an idea4 ,h[ev]1 tak+ ! ^w ,,idea 9 a l>ge s5se1 my s\l may be said to furni% me ) an idea1 t is1 an image or lik5ess ( ,god--?\gh inde$ extremely inadequate4 ,=1 all ! notion ,i h ( ,god is obta9$ by reflect+ on my own s\l1 height5+ its p[]s1 & remov+ its imp]fections4 ,i h1 !re=e1 ?\gh n an inactive idea1 yet 9 ,,myself "s sort ( an active ?9k+ image ( ! ,deity4 ,&1 ?\gh ,i p]ceive ,him n by s5se1 yet ,i h a notion ( ,him1 or "k ,him by reflexion & reason+4 ,my own m9d & my own ideas ,i h an imm$iate k (2 &1 by ! help ( ^!1 d m$iately appreh5d ! possibility ( ! exi/5ce ( o!r spirits & ideas4 ,f>!r1 f my own be+1 & f ! dep5d5cy ,i f9d 9 myself & my ideas1 ,i d1 by an act ( reason1 necess>ily inf] ! exi/5ce ( a ,god1 & ( all creat$ ?+s 9 ! m9d ( ,god4 ,s mu* = y\r fir/ "q4 ,= ! second3 ,i suppose by ?is "t y c answ] x y\rself4 ,= y nei!r p]ceive ,matt] objectively1 z y d an inactive be+ or idea2 nor "k x1 z y d y\rself1 by a reflex act1 nei!r d y m$iately appreh5d x by similitude ( ! "o or ! o!r2 nor yet collect x by reason+ f t :i* y "k imm$iately4 ,all :i* makes ! case ( ,,matt] widely diff]5t f t ( ! ,,deity4 ,,hyl4 ,y say y\r own s\l supplies y ) "s sort ( an idea or image ( ,god4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 y ackn[l$ge y h1 prop]ly speak+1 no ,,idea ( y\r own s\l4 ,y ev5 affirm t spirits are a sort ( be+s altoge!r diff]5t f ideas4 ,consequ5tly t no idea c be l a _s4 ,we h !re=e no idea ( any _s4 ,y admit nev]!less t !re is spiritual ,sub/ance1 al?\gh y h no idea ( x2 :ile y d5y !re c be su* a ?+ z mat]ial ,sub/ance1 because y h no notion or idea ( x4 ,is ?is fair deal+8 ,to act consi/5tly1 y mu/ ei!r admit ,matt] or reject ,_s4 ,:at say y to ?is8 ,,phil4 ,i say1 9 ! fir/ place1 t ,i d n d5y ! exi/5ce ( mat]ial sub/ance1 m]ely because ,i h no notion ( x' b because ! notion ( x is inconsi/5t2 or1 9 o!r words1 because x is repugnant t !re %\ld be a notion ( x4 ,_m ?+s1 = aught ,i "k1 may exi/1 :]e( nei!r ,i nor any o!r man ha? or c h any idea or notion :atsoev]4 ,b !n ^? ?+s mu/ be possible1 t is1 no?+ inconsi/5t mu/ be includ$ 9 _! def9ition4 ,i say1 secondly1 t1 al?\gh we believe ?+s to exi/ :i* we d n p]ceive1 yet we may n believe t any p>ticul> ?+ exi/s1 )\t "s reason = su* belief3 b ,i h no reason = believ+ ! exi/5ce ( ,matt]4 ,i h no imm$iate intuition !re(3 nei!r c ,i imm$iately f my s5sations1 ideas1 notions1 actions1 or passions1 inf] an un?9k+1 unp]ceiv+1 inactive ,sub/ance--ei!r by probable d$uction1 or necess>y consequ5ce4 ,:]eas ! be+ ( my ,self1 t is1 my own s\l1 m9d1 or ?9k+ pr9ciple1 ,i evid5tly "k by reflexion4 ,y w =give me if ,i repeat ! same ?+s 9 answ] to ! same objections4 ,9 ! v notion or def9ition ( ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ance1 !re is includ$ a manife/ repugnance & inconsi/5cy4 ,b ?is _c be said ( ! notion ( ,_s4 ,t ideas %\ld exi/ 9 :at do? n p]ceive1 or be produc$ by :at do? n act1 is repugnant4 ,b1 x is no repugnancy to say t a p]ceiv+ ?+ %\ld be ! subject ( ideas1 or an active ?+ ! cause ( !m4 ,x is grant$ we h nei!r an imm$iate evid5ce nor a demon/rative k ( ! exi/5ce ( o!r f9ite spirits2 b x w n !nce foll[ t su* spirits are on a foot ) mat]ial sub/ances3 if to suppose ! "o be inconsi/5t1 & x be n inconsi/5t to suppose ! o!r2 if ! "o c be inf]r$ by no argum5t1 & !re is a probability = ! o!r2 if we see signs & effects indicat+ di/9ct f9ite ag5ts l ourselves1 & see no sign or symptom :atev] t leads to a rational belief ( ,matt]4 ,i say1 la/ly1 t ,i h a notion ( ,_s1 ?\gh ,i h n1 /rictly speak+1 an idea ( x4 ,i d n p]ceive x z an idea1 or by means ( an idea1 b "k x by reflexion4 ,,hyl4 ,not)/&+ all y h said1 to me x seems t1 accord+ to y\r own way ( ?9k+1 & 9 consequ5ce ( y\r own pr9ciples1 x %\ld foll[ t ,,y are only a sy/em ( float+ ideas1 )\t any sub/ance to support !m4 ,words are n to be us$ )\t a mean+4 ,&1 z !re is no m mean+ 9 ,,spiritual ,,sub/ance ?an 9 ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ance1 ! "o is to be explod$ z well z ! o!r4 ,,phil4 ,h[ (t5 mu/ ,i repeat1 t ,i "k or am consci\s ( my own be+2 & t ,i ,,myself am n my ideas1 b some:at else1 a ?9k+1 active pr9ciple t p]ceives1 kn[s1 wills1 & op]ates ab\t ideas4 ,i "k t ,i1 "o & ! same self1 p]ceive bo? col\rs & s\nds3 t a col\r _c p]ceive a s\nd1 nor a s\nd a col\r3 t ,i am !re=e "o individual pr9ciple1 di/9ct f col\r & s\nd2 &1 = ! same reason1 f aft o!r s5sible ?+s & in]t ideas4 ,b1 ,i am n 9 l mann] consci\s ei!r ( ! exi/5ce or ess5ce ( ,matt]4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i "k t no?+ inconsi/5t c exi/1 & t ! exi/5ce ( ,matt] implies an inconsi/5cy4 ,f>!r1 ,i "k :at ,i mean :5 ,i affirm t !re is a spiritual sub/ance or support ( ideas1 t is1 t a _s kn[s & p]ceives ideas4 ,b1 ,i d n "k :at is meant :5 x is said t an unp]ceiv+ sub/ance ha? inh]5t 9 x & supports ei!r ideas or ! ar*etypes ( ideas4 ,!re is !re=e ^u ! :ole no p>ity ( case betwe5 ,_s & ,matt]4 ,,hyl4 ,i own myself satisfi$ 9 ?is po9t4 ,b1 d y 9 e>ne/ ?9k ! real exi/5ce ( s5sible ?+s consi/s 9 _! be+ actually p]ceiv$8 ,if s2 h[ comes x t all mank9d di/+ui% betwe5 !m8 ,ask ! fir/ man y meet1 & he %all tell y1 ,,to ,,be ,,p]ceiv$ is "o ?+1 & ,,to ,,exi/ is ano!r4 ,,phil4 ,i am cont5t1 ,hylas1 to appeal to ! common s5se ( ! _w = ! tru? ( my notion4 ,ask ! g>d5] :y he ?9ks yond] *]ry-tree exi/s 9 ! g>d51 & he %all tell y1 because he sees & feels x2 9 a ^w1 because he p]ceives x by 8 s5ses4 ,ask him :y he ?9ks an orange-tree n to be !re1 & he %all tell y1 because he does n p]ceive x4 ,:at he p]ceives by s5se1 t he t]ms a real1 be+1 & sai? x ,,is ,,or ,,exi/s2 b1 t :i* is n p]ceivable1 ! same1 he sai?1 ha? no be+4 ,,hyl4 ,yes1 ,philon\s1 ,i grant ! exi/5ce ( a s5sible ?+ consi/s 9 be+ p]ceivable1 b n 9 be+ actually p]ceiv$4 ,,phil4 ,& :at is p]ceivable b an idea8 ,& c an idea exi/ )\t be+ actually p]ceiv$8 ,^! are po9ts long s9ce agre$ betwe5 u4 ,,hyl4 ,b1 be y\r op9ion nev] s true1 yet surely y w n d5y x is %ock+1 & contr>y to ! common s5se ( m54 ,ask ! fell[ :e!r yond] tree ha? an exi/5ce out ( 8 m9d3 :at answ] ?9k y he w\ld make8 ,,phil4 ,! same t ,i %\ld myself1 to wit1 t x do? exi/ out ( 8 m9d4 ,b !n to a ,*ri/ian x _c surely be %ock+ to say1 ! real tree1 exi/+ )\t 8 m9d1 is truly kn[n & compreh5d$ by 7t is ,,exi/s ,,97 ! inf9ite m9d ( ,god4 ,probably he may n at fir/ glance be aw>e ( ! direct & imm$iate pro( !re is ( ?is2 inasmu* z ! v be+ ( a tree1 or any o!r s5sible ?+1 implies a m9d :]e9 x is4 ,b ! po9t itself he _c d5y4 ,! "q betwe5 ! ,mat]iali/s & me is n1 :e!r ?+s h a ,,real exi/5ce out ( ! m9d ( ?is or t p]son1 b :e!r !y h an ,,absolute exi/5ce1 di/9ct f be+ p]ceiv$ by ,god1 & ext]ior to all m9ds4 ,?is inde$ "s hea!ns & philosoph]s h affirm$1 b :oev] ent]ta9s notions ( ! ,deity suitable to ! ,holy ,scriptures w be ( ano!r op9ion4 ,,hyl4 ,b1 accord+ to y\r notions1 :at diff]5ce is !re betwe5 real ?+s1 & *im]as =m$ by ! imag9ation1 or ! visions ( a dream--s9ce !y are all equally 9 ! m9d8 ,,phil4 ,! ideas =m$ by ! imag9ation are fa9t & indi/9ct2 !y h1 besides1 an entire dep5d5ce on ! w4 ,b ! ideas p]ceiv$ by s5se1 t is1 real ?+s1 are m vivid & cle>2 &1 be+ impr9t$ on ! m9d by a _s di/9ct f u1 h n ! l dep5d5ce on our w4 ,!re is !re=e no dang] ( conf\nd+ ^! ) ! =ego+3 & !re is z little ( conf\nd+ !m ) ! visions ( a dream1 :i* are dim1 irregul>1 & confus$4 ,&1 ?\gh !y %\ld happ5 to be nev] s lively & natural1 yet1 by _! n be+ connect$1 & ( a piece ) ! prec$+ & subsequ5t transactions ( our lives1 !y might easily be di/+ui%$ f realities4 ,9 %ort1 by :atev] me?od y di/+ui% ,,?+s ,,f ,,*im]as on y\r s*eme1 ! same1 x is evid5t1 w hold also ^u m9e4 ,=1 x mu/ be1 ,i presume1 by "s p]ceiv$ diff]5ce2 & ,i am n = depriv+ y ( any "o ?+ t y p]ceive4 ,,hyl4 ,b /ill1 ,philon\s1 y hold1 !re is no?+ 9 ! _w b spirits & ideas4 ,& ?is1 y mu/ ne$s ackn[l$ge1 s\nds v oddly4 ,,phil4 ,i own ! ^w ,,idea1 n be+ commonly us$ = ,,?+1 s\nds some?+ out ( ! way4 ,my reason = us+ x 01 because a necess>y relation to ! m9d is und]/ood to be impli$ by t t]m2 & x is n[ commonly us$ by philosoph]s to d5ote ! imm$iate objects ( ! und]/&+4 ,b1 h[ev] oddly ! proposition may s\nd 9 words1 yet x includes no?+ s v /range or %ock+ 9 its s5se2 :i* 9 effect am\nts to no m ?an ?is1 to wit1 t !re are only ?+s p]ceiv+1 & ?+s p]ceiv$2 or t e un?9k+ be+ is necess>ily1 & f ! v nature ( its exi/5ce1 p]ceiv$ by "s m9d2 if n by a f9ite creat$ m9d1 yet c]ta9ly by ! inf9ite m9d ( ,god1 9 :om we five1 & move1 & h our be+4 ,is ?is z /range z to say1 ! s5sible qualities are n on ! objects3 or t we _c be sure ( ! exi/5ce ( ?+s1 or "k any ?+ ( _! real natures--?\gh we bo? see & feel !m1 & p]ceive !m by all our s5ses8 ,,hyl4 ,&1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 mu/ we n ?9k !re are no su* ?+s z physical or corporeal causes2 b t a ,_s is ! imm$iate cause ( all ! ph5om5a 9 nature8 ,c !re be any?+ m extravagant ?an ?is8 ,,phil4 ,yes1 x is inf9itely m extravagant to say--a ?+ :i* is in]t op]ates on ! m9d1 & :i* is unp]ceiv+ is ! cause ( our p]ceptions1 )\t any reg>d ei!r to consi/5cy1 or ! old kn[n axiom1 ,,no?+ ,,c ,,give ,,to ,,ano!r ,,t ,,:i* ,,x ,,ha? ,,n ,,itself4 ,besides1 t :i* to y1 ,i "k n = :at reason1 seems s extravagant is no m ?an ! ,holy ,scriptures ass]t 9 a hundr$ places4 ,9 !m ,god is repres5t$ z ! sole & imm$iate ,au?or ( all ^? effects :i* "s hea!ns & philosoph]s are wont to ascribe to ,nature1 ,matt]1 ,fate1 or ! l un?9k+ pr9ciple4 ,?is is s mu* ! con/ant language ( ,scripture t x 7 ne$less to confirm x by citations4 ,,hyl4 ,y are n aw>e1 ,philon\s1 t 9 mak+ ,god ! imm$iate ,au?or ( all ! motions 9 nature1 y make ,him ! ,au?or ( murd]1 sacrilege1 adult]y1 & ! l he9\s s9s4 ,,phil4 ,9 answ] to t1 ,i obs]ve1 fir/1 t ! imputation ( guilt is ! same1 :e!r a p]son commits an action ) or )\t an in/rum5t4 ,9 case !re=e y suppose ,god to act by ! m$iation ( an in/rum5t or occasion1 call$ ,,matt]1 y z truly make ,him ! au?or ( s9 z ,i1 :o ?9k ,him ! imm$iate ag5t 9 all ^? op]ations vulg>ly ascrib$ to ,nature4 ,i f>!r obs]ve t s9 or moral turpitude do? n consi/ 9 ! outw>d physical action or motion1 b 9 ! int]nal deviation ( ! w f ! laws ( reason & religion4 ,?is is pla91 9 t ! kill+ an enemy 9 a battle1 or putt+ a crim9al legally to dea?1 is n ?\ght s9ful2 ?\gh ! outw>d act be ! v same ) t 9 ! case ( murd]4 ,s9ce1 !re=e1 s9 do? n consi/ 9 ! physical action1 ! mak+ ,god an imm$iate cause ( all su* actions is n mak+ ,him ! ,au?or ( s94 ,la/ly1 ,i h n[h]e said t ,god is ! only ag5t :o produces all ! motions 9 bodies4 ,x is true ,i h d5i$ !re are any o!r ag5ts besides spirits2 b ?is is v consi/5t ) all[+ to ?9k+ rational be+s1 9 ! production ( motions1 ! use ( limit$ p[]s1 ultimately inde$ d]iv$ f ,god1 b imm$iately "u ! direction ( _! own wills1 :i* is suffici5t to entitle !m to all ! guilt ( _! actions4 ,,hyl4 ,b ! d5y+ ,matt]1 ,philon\s1 or corporeal ,sub/ance2 !re is ! po9t4 ,y c nev] p]suade me t ?is is n repugnant to ! univ]sal s5se ( mank9d4 ,7 our dispute to be det]m9$ by mo/ voices1 ,i am confid5t y w\ld give up ! po9t1 )\t ga!r+ ! votes4 ,,phil4 ,i wi% bo? our op9ions 7 fairly /at$ & submitt$ to ! judgm5t ( m5 :o _h pla9 common s5se1 )\t ! prejudices ( a le>n$ education4 ,let me be repres5t$ z "o :o tru/s 8 s5ses1 :o ?9ks he kn[s ! ?+s he sees & feels1 & ent]ta9s no d\bts ( _! exi/5ce2 & y fairly set =? ) all y\r d\bts1 y\r p>adoxes1 & y\r scepticism ab\t y1 & ,i %all will+ly acquiesce 9 ! det]m9ation ( any indiff]5t p]son4 ,t !re is no sub/ance :]e9 ideas c exi/ beside _s is to me evid5t4 ,& t ! objects imm$iately p]ceiv$ are ideas1 is on all h&s agre$4 ,& t s5sible qualities are objects imm$iately p]ceiv$ no "o c d5y4 ,x is !re=e evid5t !re c be no ,,sub/ratum ( ^? qualities b _s2 9 :i* !y exi/1 n by way ( mode or prop]ty1 b z a ?+ p]ceiv$ 9 t :i* p]ceives x4 ,i d5y !re=e t !re is ,,any ,,un?9k+-,,sub/ratum ( ! objects ( s5se1 & ,,9 ,,t ,,acceptation t !re is any mat]ial sub/ance4 ,b if by ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ance is meant only ,,s5sible ,,body1 ,,t :i* is se5 & felt 7& ! unphilosophical "p ( ! _w1 ,i d>e say1 mean no m7--!n ,i am m c]ta9 ( matt]'s exi/5ce ?an y or any o!r philosoph] pret5d to be4 ,if !re be any?+ :i* makes ! g5]ality ( mank9d av]se f ! notions ,i esp\se1 x is a misappreh5sion t ,i d5y ! reality ( s5sible ?+s4 ,b1 z x is y :o are guilty ( t1 & n ,i1 x foll[s t 9 tru? _! av]sion is aga9/ y\r notions & n m9e4 ,i d !re=e ass]t t ,i am z c]ta9 z ( my own be+1 t !re are bodies or corporeal sub/ances 7mean+ ! ?+s ,i p]ceive by my s5ses72 & t1 grant+ ?is1 ! bulk ( mank9d w take no ?\ght ab\t1 nor ?9k !mselves at all conc]n$ 9 ! fate ( ^? unkn[n natures1 & philosophical quiddities1 :i* "s m5 are s fond (4 ,,hyl4 ,:at say y to ?is8 ,s9ce1 accord+ to y1 m5 judge ( ! reality ( ?+s by _! s5ses1 h[ c a man be mi/ak5 9 ?9k+ ! moon a pla9 lucid surface1 ab\t a foot 9 diamet]2 or a squ>e t[]1 se5 at a di/ance1 r\nd2 or an o>1 ) "o end 9 ! wat]1 crook$8 ,,phil4 ,he is n mi/ak5 ) reg>d to ! ideas he actually p]ceives1 b 9 ! inf]5ce he makes f 8 pres5t p]ceptions4 ,?us1 9 ! case ( ! o>1 :at he imm$iately p]ceives by sight is c]ta9ly crook$2 & s f> he is 9 ! "r4 ,b if he !nce conclude t ^u tak+ ! o> out ( ! wat] he %all p]ceive ! same crook$ness2 or t x w\ld affect 8 t\* z crook$ ?+s are wont to d3 9 t he is mi/ak54 ,9 l mann]1 if he %all conclude f :at he p]ceives 9 "o /ation1 t1 9 case he advances t[>ds ! moon or t[]1 he %\ld /ill be affect$ ) ! l ideas1 he is mi/ak54 ,b 8 mi/ake lies n 9 :at he p]ceives imm$iately1 & at pres5t1 7x be+ a manife/ contradiction to suppose he %\ld err 9 respect ( t7 b 9 ! wrong judgm5t he makes conc]n+ ! ideas he appreh5ds to be connect$ ) ^? imm$iately p]ceiv$3 or1 conc]n+ ! ideas t1 f :at he p]ceives at pres5t1 he imag9es w\ld be p]ceiv$ 9 o!r circum/ances4 ,! case is ! same ) reg>d to ! ,cop]nican sy/em4 ,we d n "h p]ceive any motion ( ! e>?3 b x 7 errone\s !nce to conclude1 t1 9 case we 7 plac$ at z great a di/ance f t z we are n[ f ! o!r planets1 we %\ld n !n p]ceive its motion4 ,,hyl4 ,i und]/& y2 & mu/ ne$s own y say ?+s plausible en\gh4 ,b1 give me leave to put y 9 m9d ( "o ?+4 ,pray1 ,philon\s1 7 y n =m]ly z positive t ,matt] exi/$1 z y are n[ t x does n8 ,,phil4 ,i 04 ,b "h lies ! diff]5ce4 ,be=e1 my positiv5ess 0 f\nd$1 )\t exam9ation1 ^u prejudice2 b n[1 aft] inquiry1 ^u evid5ce4 ,,hyl4 ,aft] all1 x seems our dispute is r ab\t words ?an ?+s4 ,we agree 9 ! ?+1 b diff] 9 ! "n4 ,t we are affect$ ) ideas ,,f ,,)\t is evid5t2 & x is no less evid5t t !re mu/ be 7,i w n say ar*etypes1 b7 ,p[]s )\t ! m9d1 correspond+ to ^? ideas4 ,&1 z ^! ,p[]s _c subsi/ by !mselves1 !re is "s subject ( !m necess>ily to be admitt$2 :i* ,i call ,,matt]1 & y call ,,_s4 ,?is is all ! diff]5ce4 ,,phil4 ,pray1 ,hylas1 is t p[]ful ,be+1 or subject ( p[]s1 ext5d$8 ,,hyl4 ,x ha? n ext5sion2 b x ha? ! p[] to raise 9 y ! idea ( ext5sion4 ,,phil4 ,x is !re=e itself unext5d$8 ,,hyl4 ,i grant x4 ,,phil4 ,is x n also active8 ,,hyl4 ,)\t d\bt4 ,o!rwise1 h[ c\ld we attribute p[]s to x8 ,,phil4 ,n[ let me ask y two que/ions3 ,,fir/1 ,:e!r x be agreeable to ! usage ei!r ( philosoph]s or o!rs to give ! "n ,,matt] to an unext5d$ active be+8 ,&1 ,,secondly1 ,:e!r x be n ridicul\sly absurd to misapply names contr>y to ! common use ( language8 ,,hyl4 ,well !n1 let x n be call$ ,matt]1 s9ce y w h x s1 b "s ,,?ird ,,nature di/9ct f ,matt] & ,_s4 ,= :at reason is !re :y y %\ld call x ,_s8 ,does n ! notion ( _s imply t x is ?9k+1 z well z active & unext5d$8 ,,phil4 ,my reason is ?is3 because ,i h a m9d to h "s notion ( mean+ 9 :at ,i say3 b ,i h no notion ( any action di/9ct f volition1 nei!r c ,i conceive volition to be any:]e b 9 a _s3 !re=e1 :5 ,i speak ( an active be+1 ,i am oblig$ to mean a ,_s4 ,beside1 :at c be pla9] ?an t a ?+ :i* ha? no ideas 9 itself _c imp>t !m to me2 &1 if x ha? ideas1 surely x mu/ be a ,_s4 ,to make y compreh5d ! po9t /ill m cle>ly if x be possible1 ,i ass]t z well z y t1 s9ce we are affect$ f )\t1 we mu/ all[ ,p[]s to be )\t1 9 a ,be+ di/9ct f ourselves4 ,s f> we are agre$4 ,b !n we diff] z to ! k9d ( ?is p[]ful ,be+4 ,i w h x to be ,_s1 y ,matt]1 or ,i "k n :at 7,i may add too1 y "k n :at7 ,?ird ,nature4 ,?us1 ,i prove x to be ,_s4 ,f ! effects ,i see produc$1 ,i conclude !re are actions2 &1 because actions1 volitions2 &1 because !re are volitions1 !re mu/ be a ,,w4 ,aga91 ! ?+s ,i p]ceive mu/ h an exi/5ce1 !y or _! ar*etypes1 out ( ,,my m9d3 b1 be+ ideas1 nei!r !y nor _! ar*etypes c exi/ o!rwise ?an 9 an und]/&+2 !re is !re=e an ,,und]/&+4 ,b w & und]/&+ con/itute 9 ! /ricte/ s5se a m9d or _s4 ,! p[]ful cause1 !re=e1 ( my ideas is 9 /rict propriety ( spee* a ,,_s4 ,,hyl4 ,& n[ ,i w>rant y ?9k y h made ! po9t v cle>1 little suspect+ t :at y advance leads directly to a contradiction4 ,is x n an absurdity to imag9e any imp]fection 9 ,god8 ,,phil4 ,)\t a d\bt4 ,,hyl4 ,to suff] pa9 is an imp]fection8 ,,phil4 ,x is4 ,,hyl4 ,are we n sometimes affect$ ) pa9 & uneas9ess by "s o!r ,be+8 ,,phil4 ,we are4 ,,hyl4 ,& h y n said t ,be+ is a ,_s1 & is n t ,_s ,god8 ,,phil4 ,i grant x4 ,,hyl4 ,b y h ass]t$ t :atev] ideas we p]ceive f )\t are 9 ! m9d :i* affects u4 ,! ideas1 !re=e1 ( pa9 & uneas9ess are 9 ,god2 or1 9 o!r words1 ,god suff]s pa93 t is to say1 !re is an imp]fection 9 ! ,div9e nature3 :i*1 y ackn[l$g$1 0 absurd4 ,s y are caught 9 a pla9 contradiction4 ,,phil4 ,t ,god kn[s or und]/&s all ?+s1 & t ,he kn[s1 among o!r ?+s1 :at pa9 is1 ev5 e sort ( pa9ful s5sation1 & :at x is = ,8 creatures to suff] pa91 ,i make no "q4 ,b1 t ,god1 ?\gh ,he kn[s & sometimes causes pa9ful s5sations 9 u1 c ,himself suff] pa91 ,i positively d5y4 ,we1 :o are limit$ & dep5d5t spirits1 are liable to impressions ( s5se1 ! effects ( an ext]nal ,ag5t1 :i*1 be+ produc$ aga9/ our wills1 are sometimes pa9ful & uneasy4 ,b ,god1 :om no ext]nal be+ c affect1 :o p]ceives no?+ by s5se z we d2 ^: w is absolute & indep5d5t1 caus+ all ?+s1 & liable to be ?w>t$ or resi/$ by no?+3 x is evid5t1 su* a ,be+ z ?is c suff] no?+1 nor be affect$ ) any pa9ful s5sation1 or inde$ any s5sation at all4 ,we are *a9$ to a body3 t is to say1 our p]ceptions are connect$ ) corporeal motions4 ,by ! law ( our nature1 we are affect$ ^u e alt]ation 9 ! n]v\s p>ts ( our s5sible body2 :i* s5sible body1 rightly consid]$1 is no?+ b a complexion ( su* qualities or ideas z h no exi/5ce di/9ct f be+ p]ceiv$ by a m9d4 ,s t ?is connexion ( s5sations ) corporeal motions means no m ?an a correspond5ce 9 ! ord] ( nature1 betwe5 two sets ( ideas1 or ?+s imm$iately p]ceivable4 ,b ,god is a ,pure ,_s1 dis5gag$ f all su* sympa?y1 or natural ties4 ,no corporeal motions are att5d$ ) ! s5sations ( pa9 or pleasure 9 ,8 m9d4 ,to "k ev]y?+ kn[able1 is c]ta9ly a p]fection2 b to endure1 or suff]1 or feel any?+ by s5se1 is an imp]fection4 ,! =m]1 ,i say1 agrees to ,god1 b n ! latt]4 ,god kn[s1 or ha? ideas2 b ,8 ideas are n convey$ to ,him by s5se1 z ours are4 ,y\r n di/+ui%+1 :]e !re is s manife/ a diff]5ce1 makes y fancy y see an absurdity :]e !re is none4 ,,hyl4 ,b1 all ?is :ile y h n consid]$ t ! quantity ( ,matt] has be5 demon/rat$ to be proportion$ to ! gravity ( bodies4 ,& :at c )/& demon/ration8 ,,phil4 ,let me see h[ y demon/rate t po9t4 ,,hyl4 ,i lay x d[n = a pr9ciple1 t ! mom5ts or quantities ( motion 9 bodies are 9 a direct comp\nd$ reason ( ! velocities & quantities ( ,matt] conta9$ 9 !m4 ,h5ce1 :]e ! velocities are equal1 x foll[s ! mom5ts are directly z ! quantity ( ,matt] 9 ea*4 ,b x is f\nd by exp]i5ce t all bodies 7bat+ ! small inequalities1 aris+ f ! resi/ance ( ! air7 desc5d ) an equal velocity2 ! motion !re=e ( desc5d+ bodies1 & consequ5tly _! gravity1 :i* is ! cause or pr9ciple ( t motion1 is proportional to ! quantity ( ,matt]2 :i* 0 to be demon/rat$4 ,,phil4 ,y lay x d[n z a self-evid5t pr9ciple t ! quantity ( motion 9 any body is proportional to ! velocity & ,,matt] tak5 toge!r2 & ?is is made use ( to prove a proposition f :5ce ! exi/5ce ( ,,matt] is inf]r$4 ,pray is n ?is argu+ 9 a circle8 ,,hyl4 ,9 ! premise ,i only mean t ! motion is proportional to ! velocity1 jo9tly ) ! ext5sion & solidity4 ,,phil4 ,b1 all[+ ?is to be true1 yet x w n !nce foll[ t gravity is proportional to ,,matt]1 9 y\r philosophic s5se ( ! ^w2 except y take x = grant$ t unkn[n ,,sub/ratum1 or :atev] else y call x1 is proportional to ^? s5sible qualities2 :i* to suppose is pla9ly begg+ ! "q4 ,t !re is magnitude & solidity1 or resi/ance1 p]ceiv$ by s5se1 ,i readily grant2 z likewise1 t gravity may be proportional to ^? qualities ,i w n dispute4 ,b t ei!r ^! qualities z p]ceiv$ by u1 or ! p[]s produc+ !m1 d exi/ 9 a ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ratum2 ?is is :at ,i d5y1 & y inde$ affirm1 b1 not)/&+ y\r demon/ration1 h n yet prov$4 ,,hyl4 ,i %all insi/ no long] on t po9t4 ,d y ?9k1 h[ev]1 y %all p]suade me t ! natural philosoph]s h be5 dream+ all ?is :ile8 ,pray :at becomes ( all _! hypo!ses & explications ( ! ph5om5a1 :i* suppose ! exi/5ce ( ,matt]8 ,,phil4 ,:at mean y1 ,hylas1 by ! ,,ph5om5a8 ,,hyl4 ,i mean ! appe>ances :i* ,i p]ceive by my s5ses4 ,,phil4 ,& ! appe>ances p]ceiv$ by s5se1 are !y n ideas8 ,,hyl4 ,i h told y s a hundr$ times4 ,,phil4 ,!re=e1 to expla9 ! ph5om5a1 is1 to %ew h[ we come to be affect$ ) ideas1 9 t mann] & ord] :]e9 !y are impr9t$ on our s5ses4 ,is x n8 ,,hyl4 ,x is4 ,,phil4 ,n[1 if y c prove t any philosoph] has expla9$ ! production ( any "o idea 9 our m9ds by ! help ( ,,matt]1 ,i %all = ev] acquiesce1 & look on all t ha? be5 said aga9/ x z no?+2 b1 if y _c1 x is va9 to urge ! explication ( ph5om5a4 ,t a ,be+ end[$ ) k & w %\ld produce or exhibit ideas is easily und]/ood4 ,b t a ,be+ :i* is utt]ly de/itute ( ^! faculties %\ld be able to produce ideas1 or 9 any sort to affect an intellig5ce1 ?is ,i c nev] und]/&4 ,?is ,i say1 ?\gh we _h "s positive conception ( ,matt]1 ?\gh we knew its qualities1 & c\ld compreh5d its exi/5ce1 w\ld yet be s f> f expla9+ ?+s1 t x is itself ! mo/ inexplicable ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,& yet1 = all ?is1 x w n foll[ t philosoph]s h be5 do+ no?+2 =1 by obs]v+ & reason+ ^u ! connexion ( ideas1 !y discov] ! laws & me?ods ( nature1 :i* is a "p ( k bo? useful & ent]ta9+4 ,,hyl4 ,aft] all1 c x be suppos$ ,god w\ld deceive all mank9d8 ,d y imag9e ,he w\ld h induc$ ! :ole _w to believe ! be+ ( ,matt]1 if !re 0 no su* ?+8 ,,phil4 ,t e epidemical op9ion1 aris+ f prejudice1 or passion1 or ?\ghtlessness1 may be imput$ to ,god1 z ! ,au?or ( x1 ,i believe y w n affirm4 ,:atsoev] op9ion we fa!r on ,him1 x mu/ be ei!r because ,he has discov]$ x to u by sup]natural revelation2 or because x is s evid5t to our natural faculties1 :i* 7 fram$ & giv5 u by ,god1 t x is impossible we %\ld )hold our ass5t f x4 ,b :]e is ! revelation8 or :]e is ! evid5ce t extorts ! belief ( ,matt]8 ,nay1 h[ does x appe>1 t ,matt]1 ,,tak5 ,,= ,,some?+ ,,di/9ct ,,f ,,:at ,,we ,,p]ceive ,,by ,,our ,,s5ses1 is ?\ght to exi/ by all mank9d2 or inde$1 by any except a few philosoph]s1 :o d n "k :at !y w\ld be at8 ,y\r "q supposes ^! po9ts are cle>2 &1 :5 y h cle>$ !m1 ,i %all ?9k myself oblig$ to give y ano!r answ]4 ,9 ! meantime1 let x suffice t ,i tell y1 ,i d n suppose ,god has deceiv$ mank9d at all4 ,,hyl4 ,b ! novelty1 ,philon\s1 ! novelty6 ,!re lies ! dang]4 ,new notions %\ld always be disc\nt5anc$2 !y unsettle m5's m9ds1 & nobody kn[s :]e !y w end4 ,,phil4 ,:y ! reject+ a notion t has no f\ndation1 ei!r 9 s5se1 or 9 reason1 or 9 ,div9e au?ority1 %\ld be ?\ght to unsettle ! belief ( su* op9ions z are gr\nd$ on all or any ( ^!1 ,i _c imag9e4 ,t innovations 9 gov]nm5t & religion are dang]\s1 & ought to be disc\nt5anc$1 ,i freely own4 ,b is !re ! l reason :y !y %\ld be disc\rag$ 9 philosophy8 ,! mak+ any?+ kn[n :i* 0 unkn[n be=e is an innovation 9 k3 &1 if all su* innovations _h be5 =bidd51 m5 w\ld h made a notable progress 9 ! arts & sci5ces4 ,b x is none ( my bus9ess to plead = novelties & p>adoxes4 ,t ! qualities we p]ceive are n on ! objects3 t we mu/ n believe our s5ses3 t we "k no?+ ( ! real nature ( ?+s1 & c nev] be assur$ ev5 ( _! exi/5ce3 t real col\rs & s\nds are no?+ b c]ta9 unkn[n figures & motions3 t motions are 9 !mselves nei!r swift nor sl[3 t !re are 9 bodies absolute ext5sions1 )\t any p>ticul> magnitude or figure3 t a ?+ /upid1 ?\ghtless1 & inactive1 op]ates on a _s3 t ! lea/ p>ticle ( a body conta9s innum]able ext5d$ p>ts3--^! are ! novelties1 ^! are ! /range notions :i* %ock ! g5u9e uncorrupt$ judgm5t ( all mank9d2 & be+ once admitt$1 emb>rass ! m9d ) endless d\bts & difficulties4 ,& x is aga9/ ^! & ! l innovations ,i endeav\r to v9dicate ,common ,s5se4 ,x is true1 9 do+ ?is1 ,i may p]haps be oblig$ to use "s ,,ambages1 & ways ( spee* n common4 ,b1 if my notions are once ?or\ghly und]/ood1 t :i* is mo/ s+ul> 9 !m w1 9 effect1 be f\nd to am\nt to no m ?an ?is4--t x is absolutely impossible1 & a pla9 contradiction1 to suppose any un?9k+ ,be+ %\ld exi/ )\t be+ p]ceiv$ by a ,m9d4 ,&1 if ?is notion be s+ul>1 x is a %ame x %\ld be s1 at ?is "t ( day1 & 9 a ,*ri/ian c\ntry4 ,,hyl4 ,z = ! difficulties o!r op9ions may be liable to1 ^? are out ( ! "q4 ,x is y\r bus9ess to def5d y\r own op9ion4 ,c any?+ be pla9] ?an t y are = *ang+ all ?+s into ideas8 ,y1 ,i say1 :o are n a%am$ to *>ge me ,,) ,,scepticism4 ,?is is s pla91 !re is no d5y+ x4 ,,phil4 ,y mi/ake me4 ,i am n = *ang+ ?+s into ideas1 b r ideas into ?+s2 s9ce ^? imm$iate objects ( p]ception1 :i*1 accord+ to y1 are only appe>ances ( ?+s1 ,i take to be ! real ?+s !mselves4 ,,hyl4 ,?+s6 ,y may pret5d :at y please2 b x is c]ta9 y leave u no?+ b ! empty =ms ( ?+s1 ! outside only :i* /rikes ! s5ses4 ,,phil4 ,:at y call ! empty =ms & outside ( ?+s seem to me ! v ?+s !mselves4 ,nor are !y empty or incomplete1 o!rwise ?an ^u y\r supposition--t ,matt] is an ess5tial "p ( all corporeal ?+s4 ,we bo?1 !re=e1 agree 9 ?is1 t we p]ceive only s5sible =ms3 b h]e9 we diff]--y w h !m to be empty appe>ances1 ,i1 real be+s4 ,9 %ort1 y d n tru/ y\r s5ses1 ,i d4 ,,hyl4 ,y say y believe y\r s5ses2 & seem to applaud y\rself t 9 ?is y agree ) ! vulg>4 ,accord+ to y1 !re=e1 ! true nature ( a ?+ is discov]$ by ! s5ses4 ,if s1 :5ce comes t disagreem5t8 ,:y is n ! same figure1 & o!r s5sible qualities1 p]ceiv$ all mann] ( ways8 & :y %\ld we use a microscope ! bett] to discov] ! true nature ( a body1 if x 7 discov]able to ! nak$ eye8 ,,phil4 ,/rictly speak+1 ,hylas1 we d n see ! same object t we feel2 nei!r is ! same object p]ceiv$ by ! microscope :i* 0 by ! nak$ eye4 ,b1 9 case e v>iation 0 ?\ght suffici5t to con/itute a new k9d ( individual1 ! endless numb] ( confusion ( names w\ld r5d] language impracticable4 ,!re=e1 to avoid ?is1 z well z o!r inconv5i5ces :i* are obvi\s ^u a little ?\ght1 m5 comb9e toge!r sev]al ideas1 appreh5d$ by div]s s5ses1 or by ! same s5se at diff]5t times1 or 9 diff]5t circum/ances1 b obs]v$1 h[ev]1 to h "s connexion 9 nature1 ei!r ) respect to co-exi/5ce or succession2 all :i* !y ref] to "o "n1 & consid] z "o ?+4 ,h5ce x foll[s t :5 ,i exam9e1 by my o!r s5ses1 a ?+ ,i h se51 x is n 9 ord] to und]/& bett] ! same object :i* ,i _h p]ceiv$ by sight1 ! object ( "o s5se n be+ p]ceiv$ by ! o!r s5ses4 ,&1 :5 ,i look ?r\gh a microscope1 x is n t ,i may p]ceive m cle>ly :at ,i p]ceiv$ already ) my b>e eyes2 ! object p]ceiv$ by ! glass be+ q diff]5t f ! =m]4 ,b1 9 bo? cases1 my aim is only to "k :at ideas are connect$ toge!r2 & ! m a man kn[s ( ! connexion ( ideas1 ! m he is said to "k ( ! nature ( ?+s4 ,:at1 !re=e1 if our ideas are v>iable2 :at if our s5ses are n 9 all circum/ances affect$ ) ! same appe>ances4 ,x w n !nce foll[ !y are n to be tru/$2 or t !y are inconsi/5t ei!r ) !mselves or any?+ else3 except x be ) y\r preconceiv$ notion ( 7,i "k n :at7 "o s+le1 un*ang$1 unp]ceivable1 real ,nature1 m>k$ by ea* "n4 ,:i* prejudice seems to h tak5 its rise f n rightly und]/&+ ! common language ( m51 speak+ ( sev]al di/9ct ideas z unit$ into "o ?+ by ! m9d4 ,&1 inde$1 !re is cause to suspect sev]al errone\s conceits ( ! philosoph]s are ow+ to ! same orig9al3 :ile !y began to build _! s*emes n s mu* on notions z on words1 :i* 7 fram$ by ! vulg>1 m]ely = conv5i5cy & dispat* 9 ! common actions ( life1 )\t any reg>d to speculation4 ,,hyl4 ,me?9ks ,i appreh5d y\r mean+4 ,,phil4 ,x is y\r op9ion ! ideas we p]ceive by our s5ses are n real ?+s1 b images or copies ( !m4 ,our k1 !re=e1 is no f>!r real ?an z our ideas are ! true ,,repres5tations ,,( ,,^? ,,orig9als4 ,b1 z ^! suppos$ orig9als are 9 !mselves unkn[n1 x is impossible to "k h[ f> our ideas resemble !m2 or :e!r !y resemble !m at all4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 be sure we h any real k4 ,f>!r1 z our ideas are p]petually v>i$1 )\t any *ange 9 ! suppos$ real ?+s1 x necess>ily foll[s !y _c all be true copies ( !m3 or1 if "s are & o!rs are n1 x is impossible to di/+ui% ! =m] f ! latt]4 ,& ?is plunges u yet deep] 9 unc]ta9ty4 ,aga91 :5 we consid] ! po9t1 we _c conceive h[ any idea1 or any?+ l an idea1 %\ld h an absolute exi/5ce out ( a m9d3 nor consequ5tly1 accord+ to y1 h[ !re %\ld be any real ?+ 9 nature4 ,! result ( all :i* is t we are ?r[n into ! mo/ hopeless & ab&on$ scepticism4 ,n[1 give me leave to ask y1 ,fir/1 ,:e!r y\r ref]r+ ideas to c]ta9 absolutely exi/+ unp]ceiv$ sub/ances1 z _! orig9als1 be n ! s\rce ( all ?is scepticism8 ,secondly1 :e!r y are in=m$1 ei!r by s5se or reason1 ( ! exi/5ce ( ^? unkn[n orig9als8 ,&1 9 case y are n1 :e!r x be n absurd to suppose !m8 ,?irdly1 ,:e!r1 ^u inquiry1 y f9d !re is any?+ di/9ctly conceiv$ or meant by ! ,,absolute ,,or ,,ext]nal ,,exi/5ce ,,( ,,unp]ceiv+ ,,sub/ances8 ,la/ly1 ,:e!r1 ! premises consid]$1 x be n ! wise/ way to foll[ nature1 tru/ y\r s5ses1 &1 lay+ aside all anxi\s ?\ght ab\t unkn[n natures or sub/ances1 admit ) ! vulg> ^? = real ?+s :i* are p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses8 ,,hyl4 ,= ! pres5t1 ,i h no incl9ation to ! answ]+ "p4 ,i w\ld mu* r see h[ y c get ov] :at foll[s4 ,pray are n ! objects p]ceiv$ by ! ,,s5ses ( "o1 likewise p]ceivable to o!rs pres5t8 ,if !re 7 a hundr$ m "h1 !y w\ld all see ! g>d51 ! trees1 & fl[]s1 z ,i see !m4 ,b !y are n 9 ! same mann] affect$ ) ! ideas ,i frame 9 my ,,imag9ation4 ,does n ?is make a diff]5ce betwe5 ! =m] sort ( objects & ! latt]8 ,,phil4 ,i grant x does4 ,nor h ,i ev] d5i$ a diff]5ce betwe5 ! objects ( s5se & ^? ( imag9ation4 ,b :at w\ld y inf] f !nce8 ,y _c say t s5sible objects exi/ unp]ceiv$1 because !y are p]ceiv$ by _m4 ,,hyl4 ,i own ,i c make no?+ ( t objection3 b x ha? l$ me into ano!r4 ,is x n y\r op9ion t by our s5ses we p]ceive only ! ideas exi/+ 9 our m9ds8 ,,phil4 ,x is4 ,,hyl4 ,b ! ,,same idea :i* is 9 my m9d _c be 9 y\rs1 or 9 any o!r m9d4 ,do? x n !re=e foll[1 f y\r pr9ciples1 t no two c see ! same ?+8 ,& is n ?is highly1 absurd8 ,,phil4 ,if ! t]m ,,same be tak5 9 ! vulg> acceptation1 x is c]ta9 7& n at all repugnant to ! pr9ciples ,i ma9ta97 t diff]5t p]sons may p]ceive ! same ?+2 or ! same ?+ or idea exi/ 9 diff]5t m9ds4 ,words are ( arbitr>y imposition2 &1 s9ce m5 are us$ to apply ! ^w ,,same :]e no di/9ction or v>iety is p]ceiv$1 & ,i d n pret5d to alt] _! p]ceptions1 x foll[s t1 z m5 h said be=e1 ,,sev]al ,,saw ,,! ,,same ,,?+1 s !y may1 ^u l occasions1 /ill cont9ue to use ! same phrase1 )\t any deviation ei!r f propriety ( language1 or ! tru? ( ?+s4 ,b1 if ! t]m ,,same be us$ 9 ! acceptation ( philosoph]s1 :o pret5d to an ab/ract$ notion ( id5tity1 !n1 accord+ to _! sundry def9itions ( ?is notion 7= x is n yet agre$ :]e9 t philosophic id5tity consi/s71 x may or may n be possible = div]s p]sons to p]ceive ! same ?+4 ,b :e!r philosoph]s %all ?9k fit to ,,call a ?+ ! ,,same or no1 is1 ,i conceive1 ( small importance4 ,let u suppose sev]al m5 toge!r1 all endu$ ) ! same faculties1 & consequ5tly affect$ 9 l sort by _! s5ses1 & :o _h yet nev] kn[n ! use ( language2 !y w\ld1 )\t "q1 agree 9 _! p]ceptions4 ,?\gh p]haps1 :5 !y came to ! use ( spee*1 "s reg>d+ ! uni=mness ( :at 0 p]ceiv$1 might call x ! ,,same ?+3 o!rs1 especially reg>d+ ! div]sity ( p]sons :o p]ceiv$1 might *oose ! d5om9ation ( ,,diff]5t ?+s4 ,b :o sees n t all ! dispute is ab\t a ^w8 to wit1 :e!r :at is p]ceiv$ by diff]5t p]sons may yet h ! t]m ,,same appli$ to x8 ,or1 suppose a h\se1 ^: walls or outw>d %ell rema9+ unalt]$1 ! *amb]s are all pull$ d[n1 & new ones built 9 _! place2 & t y %\ld call ?is ! ,,same1 & ,i %\ld say x 0 n ! ,,same h\se4--w\ld we n1 = all ?is1 p]fectly agree 9 our ?\ghts ( ! h\se1 consid]$ 9 itself8 ,& w\ld n all ! diff]5ce consi/ 9 a s\nd8 ,if y %\ld say1 ,we diff]$ 9 our notions2 = t y sup]-add$ to y\r idea ( ! h\se ! simple ab/ract$ idea ( id5tity1 :]eas ,i did n2 ,i w\ld tell y1 ,i "k n :at y mean by ,,! ,,ab/ract$ ,,idea ,,( ,,id5tity2 & %\ld desire y to look into y\r own ?\ghts1 & be sure y und]/ood y\rself4--,:y s sil5t1 ,hylas8 ,are y n yet satisfi$ m5 may dispute ab\t id5tity & div]sity1 )\t any real diff]5ce 9 _! ?\ghts & op9ions1 ab/ract$ f names8 ,take ?is f>!r reflexion ) y3 t :e!r ,matt] be all[$ to exi/ or no1 ! case is exactly ! same z to ! po9t 9 h&4 ,= ! ,mat]iali/s !mselves ackn[l$ge :at we imm$iately p]ceive by our s5ses to be our own ideas4 ,y\r difficulty1 !re=e1 t no two see ! same ?+1 makes equally aga9/ ! ,mat]iali/s & me4 ,,hyl4 ,ay1 ,philon\s1 b !y suppose an ext]nal ar*etype1 to :i* ref]r+ _! sev]al ideas !y may truly be said to p]ceive ! same ?+4 ,,phil4 ,& 7n to m5tion y\r hav+ disc>d$ ^? ar*etypes7 s may y suppose an ext]nal ar*etype on my pr9ciples2--,,ext]nal1 ,i ,,mean1 ,,to ,,y\r ,,own ,,m9d3 ?\gh inde$ x mu/ be' suppos$ to exi/ 9 t ,m9d :i* compreh5ds all ?+s2 b !n1 ?is s]ves all ! ends ( ,,id5tity1 z well z if x exi/$ out ( a m9d4 ,& ,i am sure y y\rself w n say x is less intelligible4 ,,hyl4 ,y h inde$ cle>ly satisfi$ me--ei!r t !re is no difficulty at bottom 9 ?is po9t2 or1 if !re be1 t x makes equally aga9/ bo? op9ions4 ,,phil4 ,b t :i* makes equally aga9/ two contradictory op9ions c be a pro( aga9/ nei!r4 ,,hyl4 ,i ackn[l$ge x4 ,b1 aft] all1 ,philon\s1 :5 ,i consid] ! sub/ance ( :at y advance aga9/ ,,scepticism1 x am\nts to no m ?an ?is3 ,we are sure t we really see1 he>1 feel2 9 a ^w1 t we are affect$ ) s5sible impressions4 ,,phil4 ,& h[ are ,,we conc]n$ any f>!r8 ,i see ?is *]ry1 ,i feel x1 ,i ta/e x3 & ,i am sure ,,no?+ _c be se51 or felt1 or ta/$3 x is !re=e real4 ,take away ! s5sations ( s(tness1 moi/ure1 r$ness1 t>tness1 & y take away ! *]ry1 s9ce x is n a be+ di/9ct f s5sations4 ,a *]ry1 ,i say1 is no?+ b a cong]ies ( s5sible impressions1 or ideas p]ceiv$ by v>i\s s5ses3 :i* ideas are unit$ into "o ?+ 7or h "o "n giv5 !m7 by ! m9d1 because !y are obs]v$ to att5d ea* o!r4 ,?us1 :5 ! palate is affect$ ) su* a p>ticul> ta/e1 ! sight is affect$ ) a r$ col\r1 ! t\* ) r\ndness1 s(tness1 c4 ,h5ce1 :5 ,i see1 & feel1 & ta/e1 9 su* sundry c]ta9 mann]s1 ,i am sure ! *]ry exi/s1 or is real2 its reality be+ 9 my op9ion no?+ ab/ract$ f ^? s5sations4 ,b if by ! ^w ,,*]ry1 y mean an unkn[n nature1 di/9ct f all ^? s5sible qualities1 & by its ,,exi/5ce some?+ di/9ct f its be+ p]ceiv$2 !n1 inde$1 ,i own1 nei!r y nor ,i1 nor any "o else1 c be sure x exi/s4 ,,hyl4 ,b1 :at w\ld y say1 ,philon\s1 if ,i %\ld br+ ! v same reasons aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( s5sible ?+s ,,9 ,a ,,m9d1 :i* y h (f]$ aga9/ _! exi/+ ,,9 ,a ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ratum8 ,,phil4 ,:5 ,i see y\r reasons1 y %all he> :at ,i h to say to !m4 ,,hyl4 ,is ! m9d ext5d$ or unext5d$8 ,,phil4 ,unext5d$1 )\t d\bt4 ,,hyl4 ,d y say ! ?+s y p]ceive are 9 y\r m9d8 ,,phil4 ,!y are4 ,,hyl4 ,aga91 h ,i n he>d y speak ( s5sible impressions8 ,,phil4 ,i believe y may4 ,,hyl4 ,expla9 to me n[1 ,o ,philon\s6 h[ x is possible !re %\ld be room = all ^? trees & h\ses to exi/ 9 y\r m9d4 ,c ext5d$ ?+s be conta9$ 9 t :i* is unext5d$8 ,or1 are we to imag9e impressions made on a ?+ void ( all solidity8 ,y _c say objects are 9 y\r m9d1 z books 9 y\r /udy3 or t ?+s are impr9t$ on x1 z ! figure ( a seal ^u wax4 ,9 :at s5se1 !re=e1 are we to und]/& ^? expressions8 ,expla9 me ?is if y c3 & ,i %all !n be able to answ] all ^? qu]ies y =m]ly put to me ab\t my ,,sub/ratum4 ,,phil4 ,look y1 ,hylas1 :5 ,i speak ( objects z exi/+ 9 ! m9d1 or impr9t$ on ! s5ses1 ,i w\ld n be und]/ood 9 ! gross lit]al s5se2 z :5 bodies are said to exi/ 9 a place1 or a seal to make an impression ^u wax4 ,my mean+ is only t ! m9d compreh5ds or p]ceives !m2 & t x is affect$ f )\t1 or by "s be+ di/9ct f itself4 ,?is is my explication ( y\r difficulty2 & h[ x c s]ve to make y\r t5et ( an unp]ceiv+ mat]ial ,,sub/ratum intelligible1 ,i w\ld fa9 "k4 ,,hyl4 ,nay1 if t be all1 ,i confess ,i d n see :at use c be made ( x4 ,b are y n guilty ( "s abuse ( language 9 ?is8 ,,phil4 ,none at all4 ,x is no m ?an common cu/om1 :i* y "k is ! rule ( language1 ha? au?oris$3 no?+ be+ m usual1 ?an = philosoph]s to speak ( ! imm$iate objects ( ! und]/&+ z ?+s exi/+ 9 ! m9d4 ',nor is !re any?+ 9 ?is b :at is con=mable to ! g5]al analogy ( language2 mo/ "p ( ! m5tal op]ations be+ signifi$ by words borr[$ f s5sible ?+s2 z is pla9 9 ! t]ms ,,compreh5d1 reflect1 ,,disc\rse1 ,c41 :i*1 be+ appli$ to ! m9d1 mu/ n be tak5 9 _! gross1 orig9al s5se4 ,,hyl4 ,y h1 ,i own1 satisfi$ me 9 ?is po9t4 ,b !re /ill rema9s "o great difficulty1 :i* ,i "k n h[ y w get ov]4 ,&1 inde$1 x is ( su* importance t if y c\ld solve all o!rs1 )\t be+ able to f9d a solution = ?is1 y mu/ nev] expect to make me a proselyte to y\r pr9ciples4 ,,phil4 ,let me "k ?is mighty difficulty4 ,,hyl4 ,! ,scripture acc\nt ( ! creation is :at appe>s to me utt]ly irreconcilable ) y\r notions4 ,moses tells u ( a creation3 a creation ( :at8 ( ideas8 ,no1 c]ta9ly1 b ( ?+s1 ( real ?+s1 solid corporeal sub/ances4 ,br+ y\r pr9ciples to agree ) ?is1 & ,i %all p]haps agree ) y4 ,,phil4 ,moses m5tions ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 e>? & sea1 plants & animals4 ,t all ^! d really exi/1 & 7 9 ! beg9n+ creat$ by ,god1 ,i make no "q4 ,if by ,,ideas y mean fictions & fancies ( ! m9d1 !n ^! are no ideas4 ,if by ,,ideas y mean imm$iate objects ( ! und]/&+1 or s5sible ?+s1 :i* _c exi/ unp]ceiv$1 or out ( a m9d1 !n ^! ?+s are ideas4 ,b :e!r y d or d n call !m ,,ideas1 x matt]s little4 ,! diff]5ce is only ab\t a "n4 ,&1 :e!r t "n be reta9$ or reject$1 ! s5se1 ! tru?1 & reality ( ?+s cont9ues ! same4 ,9 common talk1 ! objects ( our s5ses are n t]m$ ,,ideas1 b ,,?+s4 ,call !m s /ill3 provid$ y d n attribute to !m any absolute ext]nal exi/5ce1 & ,i %all nev] qu>rel ) y = a ^w4 ,! creation1 !re=e1 ,i all[ to h be5 a creation ( ?+s1 ( ,,real ?+s4 ,nei!r is ?is 9 ! lea/ inconsi/5t ) my pr9ciples1 z is evid5t f :at ,i h n[ said2 & w\ld h be5 evid5t to y )\t ?is1 if y _h n =gott5 :at _h be5 s (t5 said be=e4 ,b z = solid corporeal sub/ances1 ,i desire y to %[ :]e ,moses makes any m5tion ( !m2 &1 if !y %\ld be m5tion$ by him1 or any o!r inspir$ writ]1 x w\ld /ill be incumb5t on y to %ew ^? words 7 n tak5 9 ! vulg> acceptation1 = ?+s fall+ "u our s5ses1 b 9 ! philosophic acceptation1 = ,matt]1 or ,,an ,,unkn[n ,,quiddity1 ,,) ,,an ,,absolute ,,exi/5ce4 ,:5 y h prov$ ^! po9ts1 !n 7& n till !n7 may y br+ ! au?ority ( ,moses into our dispute4 ,,hyl4 ,x is 9 va9 to dispute ab\t a po9t s cle>4 ,i am cont5t to ref] x to y\r own consci5ce4 ,are y n satisfi$ !re is "s peculi> repugnancy betwe5 ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation & y\r notions8 ,,phil4 ,if all possible s5se :i* c be put on ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis may be conceiv$ z consi/5tly ) my pr9ciples z any o!r1 !n x has no peculi> repugnancy ) !m4 ,b !re is no s5se y may n z well conceive1 believ+ z ,i d4 ,s9ce1 besides spirits1 all y conceive are ideas2 & ! exi/5ce ( ^! ,i d n d5y4 ,nei!r d y pret5d !y exi/ )\t ! m9d4 ,,hyl4 ,pray let me see any s5se y c und]/& x 94 ,,phil4 ,:y1 ,i imag9e t if ,i _h be5 pres5t at ! creation1 ,i %\ld h se5 ?+s produc$ into be+--t is become p]ceptible--9 ! ord] prescrib$ by ! sacr$ hi/orian4 ,i ev] be=e believ$ ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation1 & n[ f9d no alt]ation 9 my mann] ( believ+ x4 ,:5 ?+s are said to beg9 or end _! exi/5ce1 we d n mean ?is ) reg>d to ,god1 b ,8 creatures4 ,all objects are et]nally kn[n by ,god1 or1 :i* is ! same ?+1 h an et]nal exi/5ce 9 ,8 m9d3 b :5 ?+s1 be=e imp]ceptible to creatures1 are1 by a decree ( ,god1 p]ceptible to !m1 !n are !y said to beg9 a relative exi/5ce1 ) respect to creat$ m9ds4 ,^u read+ !re=e ! ,mosaic acc\nt ( ! creation1 ,i und]/& t ! sev]al p>ts ( ! _w became gradually p]ceivable to f9ite spirits1 end[$ ) prop] faculties2 s t1 :oev] su* 7 pres5t1 !y 7 9 tru? p]ceiv$ by !m4 ,?is is ! lit]al obvi\s s5se sugge/$ to me by ! words ( ! ,holy ,scripture3 9 :i* is includ$ no m5tion1 or no ?\ght1 ei!r ( ,,sub/ratum1 ,,in/rum5t1 ,,occasion1 or ,,absolute ,,exi/5ce4 ,&1 ^u inquiry1 ,i d\bt n x w be f\nd t mo/ pla9 hone/ m51 :o believe ! creation1 nev] ?9k ( ^? ?+s any m ?an ,i4 ,:at metaphysical s5se y may und]/& x 91 y only c tell4 ,,hyl4 ,b1 ,philon\s1 y d n seem to be aw>e t y all[ creat$ ?+s1 9 ! beg9n+1 only a relative1 & consequ5tly hypo!tical be+3 t is to say1 ^u supposition !re 7 ,,m5 to p]ceive !m2 )\t :i* !y h no actuality ( absolute exi/5ce1 :]e9 creation might t]m9ate4 ,is x n1 !re=e1 accord+ to y1 pla9ly impossible ! creation ( any inanimate creatures %\ld prec$e t ( man8 ,& is n ?is directly contr>y to ! ,mosaic acc\nt8 ,,phil4 ,9 answ] to t1 ,i say1 fir/1 creat$ be+s might beg9 to exi/ 9 ! m9d ( o!r creat$ intellig5ces1 beside m54 ,y w n !re=e be able to prove any contradiction betwe5 ,moses & my notions1 unless y fir/ %ew !re 0 no o!r ord] ( f9ite creat$ spirits 9 be+1 be=e man4 ,i say f>!r1 9 case we conceive ! creation1 z we %\ld at ?is "t1 a p>cel ( plants or vegetables ( all sorts produc$1 by an invisible ,p[]1 9 a des]t :]e nobody 0 pres5t--t ?is way ( expla9+ or conceiv+ x is consi/5t ) my pr9ciples1 s9ce !y deprive y ( no?+1 ei!r s5sible or imag9able2 t x exactly suits ) ! common1 natural1 & undebau*$ notions ( mank9d2 t x manife/s ! dep5d5ce ( all ?+s on ,god2 & consequ5tly ha? all ! good effect or influ5ce1 :i* x is possible t important article ( our fai? %\ld h 9 mak+ m5 humble1 ?ankful1 & resign$ to _! great ,creator4 ,i say1 moreov]1 t1 9 ?is nak$ conception ( ?+s1 dive/$ ( words1 !re w n be f\nd any notion ( :at y call ! ,,actuality ,,( ,,absolute ,,exi/5ce4 ,y may inde$ raise a du/ ) ^? t]ms1 & s l5g!n our dispute to no purpose4 ,b ,i entreat y calmly to look into y\r own ?\ghts1 & !n tell me if !y are n a useless & un9telligible j>gon4 ,,hyl4 ,i own ,i h no v cle> notion annex$ to !m4 ,b :at say y to ?is8 ,d y n make ! exi/5ce ( s5sible ?+s consi/ 9 _! be+ 9 a m9d8 ,& 7 n all ?+s et]nally 9 ! m9d ( ,god8 ,did !y n !re=e exi/ f all et]nity1 accord+ to y8 ,& h[ c\ld t :i* 0 et]nal be creat$ 9 "t8 ,c any?+ be cle>] or bett] connect$ ?an ?is8 ,,phil4 ,& are n y too ( op9ion1 t ,god knew all ?+s f et]nity8 ,,hyl4 ,i am4 ,,phil4 ,consequ5tly !y always _h a be+ 9 ! ,div9e intellect4 ,,hyl4 ,?is ,i ackn[l$ge4 ,,phil4 ,by y\r own confession1 !re=e1 no?+ is new1 or beg9s to be1 9 respect ( ! m9d ( ,god4 ,s we are agre$ 9 t po9t4 ,,hyl4 ,:at %all we make !n ( ! creation8 ,,phil4 ,may we n und]/& x to h be5 entirely 9 respect ( f9ite spirits2 s t ?+s1 ) reg>d to u1 may prop]ly be said to beg9 _! exi/5ce1 or be creat$1 :5 ,god decre$ !y %\ld become p]ceptible to intellig5t creatures1 9 t ord] & mann] :i* ,he !n e/abli%$1 & we n[ call ! laws ( nature8 ,y may call ?is a ,,relative1 or ,,hypo!tical ,,exi/5ce if y please4 ,b1 s long z x supplies u ) ! mo/ natural1 obvi\s1 & lit]al s5se ( ! ,mosaic hi/ory ( ! creation2 s long z x answ]s all ! religi\s ends ( t great article2 9 a ^w1 s long z y c assign no o!r s5se or mean+ 9 its /ead2 :y %\ld we reject ?is8 ,is x to comply ) a ridicul\s sceptical hum\r ( mak+ ev]y?+ nons5se & un9telligible8 ,i am sure y _c say x is = ! glory ( ,god4 ,=1 all[+ x to be a ?+ possible & conceivable t ! corporeal _w %\ld h an absolute exi/5ce extr9sical to ! m9d ( ,god1 z well z to ! m9ds ( all creat$ spirits2 yet h[ c\ld ?is set =? ei!r ! imm5sity or omnisci5ce ( ! ,deity1 or ! necess>y & imm$iate dep5d5ce ( all ?+s on ,him8 ,nay1 w\ld x n r seem to d]ogate f ^? attributes8 ,,hyl4 ,well1 b z to ?is decree ( ,god's1 = mak+ ?+s p]ceptible1 :at say y1 ,philon\s8 ,is x n pla91 ,god did ei!r execute t decree f all et]nity1 or at "s c]ta9 "t began to w :at ,he _h n actually will$ be=e1 b only design$ to w8 ,if ! =m]1 !n !re c\ld be no creation1 or beg9n+ ( exi/5ce1 9 f9ite ?+s4 ,if ! latt]1 !n we mu/ ackn[l$ge some?+ new to befall ! ,deity2 :i* implies a sort ( *ange3 & all *ange argues imp]fection4 ,,phil4 ,pray consid] :at y are do+4 ,is x n evid5t ?is objection concludes equally aga9/ a creation 9 any s5se2 nay1 aga9/ e o!r act ( ! ,deity1 discov]able by ! light ( nature8 ,none ( :i* c ,,we conceive1 o!rwise ?an z p]=m$ 9 "t1 & hav+ a beg9n+4 ,god is a ,be+ ( transc5d5t & unlimit$ p]fections3 ,8 nature1 !re=e1 is incompreh5sible to f9ite spirits4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 to be expect$1 t any man1 :e!r ,mat]iali/ or ,immat]iali/1 %\ld h exactly j notions ( ! ,deity1 ,8 attributes1 & ways ( op]ation4 ,if !n y w\ld inf] any?+ aga9/ me1 y\r difficulty mu/ n be drawn f ! inadequat5ess ( our conceptions ( ! ,div9e nature1 :i* is unavoidable on any s*eme2 b f ! d5ial ( ,matt]1 ( :i* !re is n "o ^w1 directly or indirectly1 9 :at y h n[ object$4 ,,hyl4 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge ! difficulties y are conc]n$ to cle> are su* only z arise f ! non-exi/5ce ( ,matt]1 & are peculi> to t notion4 ,s f> y are 9 ! "r4 ,b ,i _c by any means br+ myself to ?9k !re is no su* peculi> repugnancy betwe5 ! creation & y\r op9ion2 ?\gh inde$ :]e to fix x1 ,i d n di/9ctly "k4 ,,phil4 ,:at w\ld y h8 ,d ,i n ackn[l$ge a tw(old /ate ( ?+s--! "o ectypal or natural1 ! o!r ar*etypal & et]nal8 ,! =m] 0 creat$ 9 "t2 ! latt] exi/$ f ev]la/+ 9 ! m9d ( ,god4 ,is n ?is agreeable to ! common notions ( div9es8 or1 is any m ?an ?is necess>y 9 ord] to conceive ! creation8 ,b y suspect "s peculi> repugnancy1 ?\gh y "k n :]e x lies4 ,to take away all possibility ( scruple 9 ! case1 d b consid] ?is "o po9t4 ,ei!r y are n able to conceive ! ,creation on any hypo!sis :atsoev]2 &1 if s1 !re is no gr\nd = dislike or compla9t aga9/ any p>ticul> op9ion on t score3 or y are able to conceive x2 &1 if s1 :y n on my ,pr9ciples1 s9ce !reby no?+ conceivable is tak5 away8 ,y h all along be5 all[$ ! full scope ( s5se1 imag9ation1 & reason4 ,:atev]1 !re=e1 y c\ld be=e appreh5d1 ei!r imm$iately or m$iately by y\r s5ses1 or by ratioc9ation f y\r s5ses2 :atev] y c\ld p]ceive1 imag9e1 or und]/&1 rema9s /ill ) y4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! notion y h ( ! creation by o!r ,pr9ciples be intelligible1 y h x /ill ^u m9e2 if x be n intelligible1 ,i conceive x to be no notion at all2 & s !re is no loss ( x4 ,& inde$ x seems to me v pla9 t ! supposition ( ,matt]1 t is a ?+ p]fectly unkn[n & inconceivable1 _c s]ve to make u conceive any?+4 ,&1 ,i hope x ne$ n be prov$ to y t if ! exi/5ce ( ,matt] do? n make ! creation conceivable1 ! creation's be+ )\t x inconceivable c be no objection aga9/ its non-exi/5ce4 ,,hyl4 ,i confess1 ,philon\s1 y h almo/ satisfi$ me 9 ?is po9t ( ! creation4 ,,phil4 ,i w\ld fa9 "k :y y are n q satisfi$4 ,y tell me inde$ ( a repugnancy betwe5 ! ,mosaic hi/ory & ,immat]ialism3 b y "k n :]e x lies4 ,is ?is reasonable1 ,hylas8 ,c y expect ,i %\ld solve a difficulty )\t kn[+ :at x is8 ,b1 to pass by all t1 w\ld n a man ?9k y 7 assur$ !re is no repugnancy betwe5 ! receiv$ notions ( ,mat]iali/s & ! inspir$ writ+s8 ,,hyl4 ,& s ,i am4 ,,phil4 ,ought ! hi/orical "p ( ,scripture to be und]/ood 9 a pla9 obvi\s s5se1 or 9 a s5se :i* is metaphysical & out ( ! way8 ,,hyl4 ,9 ! pla9 s5se1 d\btless4 ,,phil4 ,:5 ,moses speaks ( h]bs1 e>?1 wat]1 c4 z hav+ be5 creat$ by ,god2 ?9k y n ! s5sible ?+s commonly signifi$ by ^? words are sugge/$ to e unphilosophical read]8 ,,hyl4 ,i _c help ?9k+ s4 ,,phil4 ,& are n all ideas1 or ?+s p]ceiv$ by s5se1 to be d5i$ a real exi/5ce by ! doctr9e ( ! ,mat]iali/8 ,,hyl4 ,?is ,i h already ackn[l$g$4 ,,phil4 ,! creation1 !re=e1 accord+ to !m1 0 n ! creation ( ?+s s5sible1 :i* h only a relative be+1 b ( c]ta9 unkn[n natures1 :i* h an absolute be+1 :]e9 creation might t]m9ate8 ,,hyl4 ,true4 ,,phil4 ,is x n !re=e evid5t ! ass]tors ( ,matt] de/roy ! pla9 obvi\s s5se ( ,moses1 ) :i* _! notions are utt]ly inconsi/5t2 & in/ead ( x obtrude on u ,i "k n :at2 some?+ equally un9telligible to !mselves & me8 ,,hyl4 ,i _c contradict y4 ,,phil4 ,moses tells u ( a creation4 ,a creation ( :at8 ( unkn[n quiddities1 ( occasions1 or ,,sub/ratum8 ,no1 c]ta9ly2 b ( ?+s obvi\s to ! s5ses4 ,y mu/ fir/ reconcile ?is ) y\r notions1 if y expect ,i %\ld be reconcil$ to !m4 ,,hyl4 ,i see y c assault me ) my own weapons4 ,,phil4 ,!n z to ,,absolute ,,exi/5ce2 0 !re ev] kn[n a m jejune notion ?an t8 ,some?+ x is s ab/ract$ & un9telligible t y h frankly own$ y c\ld n conceive x1 mu* less expla9 any?+ by x4 ,b all[+ ,matt] to exi/1 & ! notion ( absolute exi/5ce to be cle> z light2 yet1 0 ?is ev] kn[n to make ! creation m cr$ible8 ,nay1 ha? x n furni%$ ! a!i/s & infidels ( all ages ) ! mo/ plausible argum5ts aga9/ a creation8 ,t a corporeal sub/ance1 :i* ha? an absolute exi/5ce )\t ! m9ds ( spirits1 %\ld be produc$ out ( no?+1 by ! m]e w ( a ,_s1 ha? be5 look$ ^u z a ?+ s contr>y to all reason1 s impossible & absurd6 t n only ! mo/ celebrat$ among ! anci5ts1 b ev5 div]s mod]n & ,*ri/ian philosoph]s h ?\ght ,matt] co-et]nal ) ! ,deity4 ,lay ^! ?+s toge!r1 & !n judge y :e!r ,mat]ialism disposes m5 to believe ! creation ( ?+s4 ,,hyl4 ,i own1 ,philon\s1 ,i ?9k x does n4 ,?is ( ! ,,creation is ! la/ objection ,i c ?9k (2 & ,i mu/ ne$s own x ha? be5 suffici5tly answ]$ z well z ! re/4 ,no?+ n[ rema9s to be ov]come b a sort ( unacc\ntable backw>dness t ,i f9d 9 myself t[>ds y\r notions4 ,,phil4 ,:5 a man is sway$1 he kn[s n :y1 to "o side ( ! "q1 c ?is1 ?9k y1 be any?+ else b ! effect ( prejudice1 :i* nev] fails to att5d old & root$ notions8 ,& inde$ 9 ?is respect ,i _c d5y ! belief ( ,matt] to h v mu* ! advantage ov] ! contr>y op9ion1 ) m5 ( a le>n$ education4 ,,hyl4 ,i confess x seems to be z y say4 ,,phil4 ,z a balance1 !re=e1 to ?is weight ( prejudice1 let u ?r[ into ! scale ! great advantages t arise f ! belief ( ,immat]ialism1 bo? 9 reg>d to religion & human le>n+4 ,! be+ ( a ,god1 & incorruptibility ( ! s\l1 ^? great articles ( religion1 are !y n prov$ ) ! cle>e/ & mo/ imm$iate evid5ce8 ,:5 ,i say ! be+ ( a ,god1 ,i d n mean an obscure g5]al ,cause ( ?+s1 :]e( we h no conception1 b ,god1 9 ! /rict & prop] s5se ( ! ^w4 ,a ,be+ ^: spirituality1 omnipres5ce1 provid5ce1 omnisci5ce1 inf9ite p[] & goodness1 are z conspicu\s z ! exi/5ce ( s5sible ?+s1 ( :i* 7not)/&+ ! fallaci\s pret5ces & affect$ scruples ( ,sceptics7 !re is no m reason to d\bt ?an ( our own be+4--,!n1 ) relation to human sci5ces4 ,9 ,natural ,philosophy1 :at intricacies1 :at obscurities1 :at contradictions ha? ! belief ( ,matt] l$ m5 into6 ,to say no?+ ( ! numb]less disputes ab\t its ext5t1 cont9uity1 homog5eity1 gravity1 divisibility1 c4--d !y n pret5d to expla9 all ?+s by bodies op]at+ on bodies1 accord+ to ! laws ( motion8 & yet1 are !y able to compreh5d h[ "o body %\ld move ano!r8 ,nay1 admitt+ !re 0 no difficulty 9 reconcil+ ! notion ( an in]t be+ ) a cause1 or 9 conceiv+ h[ an accid5t might pass f "o body to ano!r2 yet1 by all _! /ra9$ ?\ghts & extravagant suppositions1 h !y be5 able to rea* ! ,,me*anical production ( any "o animal or vegetable body8 ,c !y acc\nt1 by ! laws ( motion1 = s\nds1 ta/es1 smells1 or col\rs2 or = ! regul> c\rse ( ?+s8 ,h !y acc\nt$1 by physical pr9ciples1 = ! aptitude & contrivance ev5 ( ! mo/ inconsid]able p>ts ( ! univ]se8 ,b1 lay+ aside ,matt] & corporeal1 causes1 & admitt+ only ! effici5cy ( an ,all-p]fect ,m9d1 are n all ! effects ( nature easy & intelligible8 ,if ! ,,ph5om5a are no?+ else b ,,ideas2 ,god is a ,,_s1 b ,matt] an un9tellig5t1 unp]ceiv+ be+4 ,if !y demon/rate an unlimit$ p[] 9 _! cause2 ,god is active & omnipot5t1 b ,matt] an in]t mass4 ,if ! ord]1 regul>ity1 & usefulness ( !m c nev] be suffici5tly admir$2 ,god is inf9itely wise & provid5t1 b ,matt] de/itute ( all contrivance & design4 ,^! surely are great advantages 9 ,,physics4 ,n to m5tion t ! appreh5sion ( a di/ant ,deity naturally disposes m5 to a neglig5ce 9 _! moral actions2 :i* !y w\ld be m cauti\s (1 9 case !y ?\ght ,him imm$iately pres5t1 & act+ on _! m9ds1 )\t ! int]position ( ,matt]1 or un?9k+ second causes4--,!n 9 ,,metaphysics3 :at difficulties conc]n+ entity 9 ab/ract1 sub/antial =ms1 hyl>*ic pr9ciples1 pla/ic natures1 sub/ance & accid5t1 pr9ciple ( individuation1 possibility ( ,matt]'s ?9k+1 orig9 ( ideas1 ! mann] h[ two indep5d5t sub/ances s widely diff]5t z ,,_s ,,& ,,matt]1 %\ld mutually op]ate on ea* o!r8 :at difficulties1 ,i say1 & endless disquisitions1 conc]n+ ^! & innum]able o!r ! l po9ts1 d we escape1 by suppos+ only ,spirits & ideas8--,ev5 ! ,,ma!matics !mselves1 if we take away ! absolute exi/5ce ( ext5d$ ?+s1 become mu* m cle> & easy2 ! mo/ %ock+ p>adoxes & intricate speculations 9 ^? sci5ces dep5d+ on ! inf9ite divisibility ( f9ite ext5sion2 :i* dep5ds on t supposition--,b :at ne$ is !re to insi/ on ! p>ticul> sci5ces8 ,is n t opposition to all sci5ce :atsoev]1 t fr5zy ( ! anci5t & mod]n ,sceptics1 built on ! same f\ndation8 ,or c y produce s mu* z "o argum5t aga9/ ! reality ( corporeal ?+s1 or 9 behalf ( t av[$ utt] ignorance ( _! natures1 :i* do? n suppose _! reality to consi/ 9 an ext]nal absolute exi/5ce8 ,^u ?is supposition1 inde$1 ! objections f ! *ange ( col\rs 9 a pigeon's neck1 or ! appe>ance ( ! brok5 o> 9 ! wat]1 mu/ be all[$ to h weight4 ,b ^! & ! l objections vani%1 if we d n ma9ta9 ! be+ ( absolute ext]nal orig9als1 b place ! reality ( ?+s 9 ideas1 fleet+ inde$1 & *angeable2--h[ev]1 n *ang$ at r&om1 b accord+ to ! fix$ ord] ( nature4 ,=1 h]e9 consi/s t con/ancy & tru? ( ?+s :i* secures all ! conc]ns ( life1 & di/+ui%es t :i* is real f ! ,,irregul> ,,visions ( ! fancy4 ,,hyl4 ,i agree to all y h n[ said1 & mu/ own t no?+ c incl9e me to embrace y\r op9ion m ?an ! advantages ,i see x is att5d$ )4 ,i am by nature lazy2 & ?is w\ld be a mighty abridgm5t 9 k4 ,:at d\bts1 :at hypo!ses1 :at labyr9?s ( amusem5t1 :at fields ( disputation1 :at an ocean ( false le>n+1 may be avoid$ by t s+le notion ( ,,immat]ialism6 ,,phil4 ,aft] all1 is !re any?+ f>!r rema9+ to be done8 ,y may rememb] y promis$ to embrace t op9ion :i* ^u exam9ation %\ld appe> mo/ agreeable to ,common ,s5se & remote f ,scepticism4 ,?is1 by y\r own confession1 is t :i* d5ies ,matt]1 or ! ,,absolute exi/5ce ( corporeal ?+s4 ,nor is ?is all2 ! same notion has be5 prov$ sev]al ways1 view$ 9 diff]5t lights1 pursu$ 9 its consequ5ces1 & all objections aga9/ x cle>$4 ,c !re be a great] evid5ce ( its tru?8 or is x possible x %\ld h all ! m>ks ( a true op9ion & yet be false8 ,,hyl4 ,i own myself entirely satisfi$ = ! pres5t 9 all respects4 ,b1 :at security c ,i h t ,i %all /ill cont9ue ! same full ass5t to y\r op9ion1 & t no un?\ght-( objection or difficulty w occur h]eaft]8 ,,phil4 ,pray1 ,hylas1 d y 9 o!r cases1 :5 a po9t is once evid5tly prov$1 )hold y\r cons5t on acc\nt ( objections or difficulties x may be liable to8 ,are ! difficulties t att5d ! doctr9e ( incomm5surable quantities1 ( ! angle ( contact1 ( ! asymptotes to curves1 or ! l1 suffici5t to make y hold out aga9/ ma!matical demon/ration8 ,or w y disbelieve ! ,provid5ce ( ,god1 because !re may be "s p>ticul> ?+s :i* y "k n h[ to reconcile ) x8 ,if !re are difficulties ,,att5d+ ,,immat]ialism1 !re are at ! same "t direct & evid5t pro(s ( x4 ,b = ! exi/5ce ( ,matt] !re is n "o pro(1 & f> m num]\s & insurm\ntable objections lie aga9/ x4 ,b :]e are ^? mighty difficulties y insi/ on8 ,alas6 y "k n :]e or :at !y are2 some?+ :i* may possibly occur h]eaft]4 ,if ?is be a suffici5t pret5ce = )hold+ y\r full ass5t1 y %\ld nev] yield x to any proposition1 h[ free soev] f exceptions1 h[ cle>ly & solidly soev] demon/rat$4 ,,hyl4 ,y h satisfi$ me1 ,philon\s4 ,,phil4 ,b1 to arm y aga9/ all future objections1 d b consid]3 ,t :i* be>s equally h>d on two contradictory op9ions c be pro( aga9/ nei!r4 ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 any difficulty occurs1 try if y c f9d a solution = x on ! hypo!sis ( ! ,,mat]iali/s4 ,be n deceiv$ by words2 b s\nd y\r own ?\ghts4 ,& 9 case y _c conceive x easi] by ! help ( ,,mat]ialism1 x is pla9 x c be no objection aga9/ ,,immat]ialism4 ,_h y proce$$ all along by ?is rule1 y w\ld probably h sp>$ y\rself abundance ( tr\ble 9 object+2 s9ce ( all y\r difficulties ,i *all5ge y to %ew "o t is expla9$ by ,matt]3 nay1 :i* is n m un9telligible ) ?an )\t t supposition2 & consequ5tly makes r ,,aga9/ ?an ,,= x4 ,y %\ld consid]1 9 ea* p>ticul>1 :e!r ! difficulty arises f ! ,,non-,,exi/5ce ,,( ,,matt]4 ,if x do? n1 y might z well argue f ! inf9ite divisibility ( ext5sion aga9/ ! ,div9e presci5ce1 z f su* a difficulty aga9/ ,,immat]ialism4 ,& yet1 ^u recollection1 ,i believe y w f9d ?is to h be5 (t51 if n always1 ! case4 ,y %\ld likewise take he$ n to argue on a ,,petitio ,,pr9cipii4 ,"o is apt to say--,! unkn[n sub/ances ought to be e/eem$ real ?+s1 r ?an ! ideas 9 our m9ds3 & :o c tell b ! un?9k+ ext]nal sub/ance may concur1 z a cause or in/rum5t1 9 ! productions ( our ideas8 ,b is n ?is proce$+ on a supposition t !re are su* ext]nal sub/ances8 ,& to suppose ?is1 is x n begg+ ! "q8 ,b1 above all ?+s1 y %\ld bew>e ( impos+ on y\rself by t vulg> sophism :i* is call$ ,,ignoratio ,,el5*i4 ,y talk$ (t5 z if y ?\ght ,i ma9ta9$ ! non-exi/5ce ( ,s5sible ,?+s4 ,:]eas 9 tru? no "o c be m ?or\ghly assur$ ( _! exi/5ce ?an ,i am4 ,& x is y :o d\bt2 ,i %\ld h said1 positively d5y x4 ,ev]y?+ t is se51 felt1 he>d1 or any way p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses1 is1 on ! pr9ciples ,i embrace1 a real be+2 b n on y\rs4 ,rememb]1 ! ,matt] y cont5d = is an ,unkn[n ,some:at 7if inde$ x may be t]m$ ,,some:at71 :i* is q /ripp$ ( all s5sible qualities1 & c nei!r be p]ceiv$ by s5se1 nor appreh5d$ by ! m9d4 ,rememb] ,i say1 t x is n any object :i* is h>d or s(t1 hot or cold1 blue or :ite1 r\nd or squ>e1 c4 ,= all ^! ?+s ,i affirm d exi/4 ,?\gh inde$ ,i d5y !y h an exi/5ce di/9ct f be+ p]ceiv$2 or t !y exi/ out ( all m9ds :atsoev]4 ,?9k on ^! po9ts2 let !m be att5tively consid]$ & /ill kept 9 view4 ,o!rwise y w n compreh5d ! /ate ( ! "q2 )\t :i* y\r objections w always be wide ( ! m>k1 &1 in/ead ( m9e1 may possibly be direct$ 7z m ?an once !y h be57 aga9/ y\r own notions4 ,,hyl4 ,i mu/ ne$s own1 ,philon\s1 no?+ seems to h kept me f agree+ ) y m ?an ?is same ,,mi/ak+ ,,! ,,"q4 ,9 d5y+ ,matt]1 at fir/ glimpse ,i am tempt$ to imag9e y d5y ! ?+s we see & feel3 b1 ^u reflexion1 f9d !re is no gr\nd = x4 ,:at ?9k y1 !re=e1 ( reta9+ ! "n ,,matt]1 & apply+ x to ,,s5sible ,,?+s8 ,?is may be done )\t any *ange 9 y\r s5tim5ts3 &1 believe me1 x w\ld be a means ( reconcil+ !m to "s p]sons :o may be m %ock$ at an innovation 9 words ?an 9 op9ion4 ,,phil4 ,) all my he>t3 reta9 ! ^w ,,matt]1 & apply x to ! objects ( s5se1 if y please2 provid$ y d n attribute to !m any subsi/5ce di/9ct f _! be+ p]ceiv$4 ,i %all nev] qu>rel ) y = an expression4 ,,matt]1 or ,,mat]ial ,,sub/ance1 are t]ms introduc$ by philosoph]s2 &1 z us$ by !m1 imply a sort ( indep5d5cy1 or a subsi/5ce di/9ct f be+ p]ceiv$ by a m9d3 b are nev] us$ by common p2 or1 if ev]1 x is to signify ! imm$iate objects ( s5se4 ,"o w\ld ?9k1 !re=e1 s long z ! names ( all p>ticul> ?+s1 ) ! ,,t]ms ,,s5sible1 ,,sub/ance1 ,,body1 ,,/uff1 & ! l1 are reta9$1 ! ^w ,,matt] %\ld be nev] miss$ 9 common talk4 ,& 9 philosophical disc\rses x seems ! be/ way to leave x q out3 s9ce !re is n1 p]haps1 any "o ?+ t ha? m fav\r$ & /r5g!n$ ! deprav$ b5t ( ! m9d t[>ds ,a!ism ?an ! use ( t g5]al confus$ t]m4 ,,hyl4 ,well b1 ,philon\s1 s9ce ,i am cont5t to give up ! notion ( an un?9k+ sub/ance ext]ior to ! m9d1 ,i ?9k y ought n to d5y me ! privilege ( us+ ! ^w ,,matt] z ,i please1 & annex+ x to a collection ( s5sible qualities subsi/+ only 9 ! m9d4 ,i freely own !re is no o!r sub/ance1 9 a /rict s5se1 ?an ,,_s4 ,b ,i h be5 s long accu/om$ to ! t]m ,,matt] t ,i "k n h[ to "p ) x3 to say1 !re is no ,,matt] 9 ! _w1 is /ill %ock+ to me4 ,:]eas to say--,!re is no ,,matt]1 if by t t]m be meant an un?9k+ sub/ance exi/+ )\t ! m9d2 b if by ,,matt] is meant "s s5sible ?+1 ^: exi/5ce consi/s 9 be+ p]ceiv$1 !n !re is ,,matt]3--,,?is di/9ction gives x q ano!r turn2 & m5 w come into y\r notions ) small difficulty1 :5 !y are propos$ 9 t mann]4 ,=1 aft] all1 ! controv]sy ab\t ,,matt] 9 ! /rict acceptation ( x1 lies altoge!r betwe5 y & ! philosoph]s3 ^: pr9ciples1 ,i ackn[l$ge1 are n ne> s natural1 or s agreeable to ! common s5se ( mank9d1 & ,holy ,scripture1 z y\rs4 ,!re is no?+ we ei!r desire or %un b z x makes1 or is appreh5d$ to make1 "s "p ( our happ9ess or mis]y4 ,b :at ha? happ9ess or mis]y1 joy or grief1 pleasure or pa91 to d ) ,absolute ,exi/5ce2 or ) unkn[n entities1 ,,ab/ract$ ,,f ,,all ,,relation ,,to ,,u8 ,x is evid5t1 ?+s reg>d u only z !y are pleas+ or displeas+3 & !y c please or displease only s f> =? z !y are p]ceiv$4 ,f>!r1 !re=e1 we are n conc]n$2 & ?us f> y leave ?+s z y f\nd !m4 ,yet /ill !re is some?+ new 9 ?is doctr9e4 ,x is pla91 ,i d n n[ ?9k ) ! ,philosoph]s2 nor yet altoge!r ) ! vulg>4 ,i w\ld "k h[ ! case /&s 9 t respect2 precisely1 :at y h add$ to1 or alt]$ 9 my =m] notions4 ,,phil4 ,i d n pret5d to be a sett]-up ( new notions4 ,my endeav\rs t5d only to unite1 & place 9 a cle>] light1 t tru? :i* 0 be=e %>$ betwe5 ! vulg> & ! philosoph]s3--! =m] be+ ( op9ion1 t ,,^? ,,?+s ,,!y ,,imm$iately ,,p]ceive ,,are ,,! ,,real ,,?+s2 & ! latt]1 t ,,! ,,?+s ,,imm$iately ,,p]ceiv$ ,,are ,,ideas1 ,,:i* ,,exi/ ,,only ,,9 ,,! ,,m9d4 ,:i* two notions put toge!r1 d1 9 effect1 con/itute ! sub/ance ( :at ,i advance4 ,,hyl4 ,i h be5 a long "t di/ru/+ my s5ses3 me?\ght ,i saw ?+s by a dim light & ?r\gh false glasses4 ,n[ ! glasses are remov$ & a new light breaks 9 ^u my und]/&+4 ,i am cle>ly conv9c$ t ,i see ?+s 9 _! native =ms1 & am no long] 9 pa9 ab\t _! ,,unkn[n ,,natures ,,or ,,absolute ,,exi/5ce4 ,?is is ! /ate ,i f9d myself 9 at pres5t2 ?\gh1 inde$1 ! c\rse t br\ght me to x ,i d n yet ?or\ghly compreh5d4 ,y set out ^u ! same pr9ciples t ,academics1 ,c>tesians1 & ! l sects usually d2 & = a long "t x look$ z if y 7 advanc+ _! philosophical ,scepticism3 b1 9 ! end1 y\r conclusions are directly opposite to !irs4 ,,phil4 ,y see1 ,hylas1 ! wat] ( yond] f\nta91 h[ x is =c$ upw>ds1 9 a r\nd column1 to a c]ta9 height2 at :i* x breaks1 & falls back into ! bas9 f :5ce x rose3 its asc5t1 z well z desc5t1 proce$+ f ! same uni=m law or pr9ciple ( ,,gravitation4 j s1 ! same ,pr9ciples :i*1 at fir/ view1 lead to ,scepticism1 pursu$ to a c]ta9 po9t1 br+ m5 back to ,common ,s5se4