,transcrib]'s ,note ,?is v]sion ( ! text _c repres5t c]ta9 typographical effects4 ,italics are delimit$ ) ! '' "* z italic4 ,! 'oe' ligature is pr9t$ z sep>ate *>act]s4 ,non-,engli% language quotations are giv5 z pr9t$4 ,passages 9 ,greek are translit]at$1 & d5ot$ z ,greek3 ,a?iopas toi 4444 ,footnotes h be5 consolidat$ & mov$ to directly foll[ ! p>agraph :]e !y are ref]5c$4 ,9 ! pr9t$ v]sion1 footnotes 7 numb]$ consecutively1 beg9n+ anew ) ea* *apt]4 ,"h1 !y h be5 re-sequ5c$ = uniqu5ess4 ,ref]5ces to ^? notes 9 ! text & ! transcrib]'s errata are to ! new numb]s4 ,!re are sev]al footnotes t appe> 9 o!r footnotes4 ,^! h be5 lett]$ z ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 & foll[ ! note conta9+ ! ref]5ce4 ,9 a numb] ( places1 passages are comp>$ by plac+ !m 9 p>allel columns1 usually across sev]al pages4 ,! left h& column is giv5 contigu\sly ) a wide "r m>g91 & !n ! "r h& column1 ) a l>ge left m>g94 ,on p4 #bfb1 f\r columns are us$ = comp>ison4 ,ea* is giv5 9 turn1 ) no attempt to simulate ! =mat4 ,please see ! notes at ! end ( ?is text = a m detail$ li/ ( specific issues enc\nt]$ & ! resolutions ( ea*4 ,,tradition ,,pr9cipally ,,) ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,my?ology ,,& ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nations4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,ballantyne ,,& ,,company ,,ed9burgh ,,& ,,london ,,tradition ,,pr9cipally ,,) ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,my?ology ,,& ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nations4 ,,by ,,"l ,,arundell ,,( ,,w>d\r4 ,,london3 ,,burns1 ,,oates1 ,,company1 #ag #ah ,,portman ,,/reet1 ,,& #fc ,,pat]no/] ,,r[4 #ahgb4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,,page ,,preface1 ix ,,memoir ,,( ,,colonel ,,george ,,macdonell1 ,c4,b41 xix ,i4 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nations1 #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nature1 #bj ,,iii4 ,,primitive ,,life1 #bf ,,iv4 ,,*ronology ,,f ,,! ,,po9t ,,( ,,view ,,( ,,tradition1 #ee ,v4 ,,*ronology ,,f ,,! ,,po9t ,,( ,,view ,,( ,,sci5ce1 #gb ,,vi4 ,,palm] ,,on ,,egyptian ,,*ronology1 #ib ,,vii4 ,,! ,,tradition ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,race1 #aje ,,viii4 ,,my?ology1 #aeg ,,ix4 ,,assyrian ,,my?ology1 #ahb ,x4 ,,! ,,tradition ,,( ,,noah ,,& ,,! ,,deluge1 #baj ,,xi4 ,,diluvian ,,traditions ,,9 ,,africa ,,& ,,am]ica1 #bdb ,,xii4 ,,sir ,,john ,,lubbock ,,on ,,tradition1 #bhc ,,xiii4 ,,noah ,,& ,,! ,,gold5 ,,age1 #cbc ,,xiv4 ,,sir ,h4 ,,ma9e ,,on ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nations1 #cch ,,xv4 ,,! ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,w>1 #chf ,,preface4 ,i %all h no hope ( convey+ to ! read]1 )9 ! n>r[ limits ( a preface1 any full] idea ( ! purport ( ?is "w ?an its title expresses2 & z ! *apt]s are necess>ily int]dep5d5t1 ,i c indicate no %ort-cut 9 ! p]usal by :i* ?is in=mation c be obta9$4 ,i v5ture to ?9k t ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! special matt]s ref]r$ to w f9d some?+ 9 ^! pages :i* may attract on acc\nt ( its novelty--& "s o!r ?+s1 new at lea/ 9 _! application--e4g4 ! comp>ison ( ,b\lang]'s !ory ) ! n>ratives ( ,capta9 ,r4 ,burton & ,catl94 ,! frequ5t introduction & ! l5g? ( ! notes1 mu/1 ,i am aw>e1 give to ^! pages a repell5t aspect1 b ! necessity ( br++ v>i\s po9ts "u comp>ison has compell$ ?is arrangem5t2 & ,i regret to say t ! argum5t runs ?r\gh ! :ole1 & t almo/ z mu* matt] requir+ consid]ation w be f\nd 9 ! notes & app5dices z 9 ! text4 ,i tru/ t ^! imp]fections may n be s great z to e/range ! few1 among :om only ,i c hope to f9d mu* sympa?y1 :o wi% to see ! true f\ndations ( peace & ord] re-e/abli%$ 9 ! _w1 & :o may !re=e to "s ext5t be indulg5t t[>ds ef=ts :i* h = _! aim & motive ! attempt to erect b>ri]s :i* w\ld r5d] ! recurr5ce ( ! evils :i* h lately delug$ mank9d difficult1 if n impossible4 ,!re are o!rs :om ! rec5t sc5es ( horror h inspir$ ) a love ( peace & ord]1 or ( :om x w\ld be m true to say1 t ! horrors ( ! late w> & revolution h deep5$ 9 !m ! s5tim5t ( peace & ord] :i* !y h always ent]ta9$1 b :o /ill d n desire ^! ?+s on ! conditions ^u :i* alone !y c be secur$4 ,f !m ,i c only ask su* pass+ exam9ation z may be dem&$ = ! consci5ti\s rejection ( ! evid5ce ,i h collect$1 or = its adju/m5t ) m accept$ !ories4 ,!re w rema9 = me mu* gr\nd 9 common ) all :o reta9 _! fai? 9 ! inspiration ( ,holy ,writ1 & :o wi% to see its au?ority su/a9$ aga9/ ! aggressive infidelity ( ! day2 & ev5 among ^? :o reject ! au?ority ( div9e revelation1 !re may be /ill "s :o are we>i$ 9 ! arid wa/es1 & :o w\ld gladly retrace _! /eps to ! gre5 pa/ures & ! abundant /reams4 ,among su* ,i may p]haps expect to f9d fri5dly criticism4 ,at ! same "t1 ,i d n disguise f myself t1 9 its pres5t mood1 ! _w is mu* m anxi\s to be cut adrift f tradition ?an to be held to its moor+s2 & t x w impati5tly le>n t fre% facts h to be consid]$ be=e its emancipation c be decl>$1 or be=e x c be let loose )\t ! evid5t c]ta9ty ( %ipwreck4 ,al?\gh ! exig5cies ( ! argum5t h compell$ rese>* ov] a some:at ext5d$ field ( inquiry1 ! exploration has no pret5sions to be+ exhau/ive1 b at mo/ sugge/ive2 n attempt+ to "w ! m9e1 or1 except incid5tally1 to produce ! ore1 b only indicat+ ! positions 9 :i* x is likely to be f\nd4 ,9 ! ma9 position ( ! my?ological *apt]s1 t ! h]oes ( my?ological leg5d embody ! rem9isc5ces ( ! *>act]s & incid5ts ( ! biblical n>rative1 ,i d no?+ m ?an c>ry on a tradition1 z ! read] w see 9 my ref]5ces to ,calmet1 ,bryant1 ,palm]1 & o!rs4#a ,i %\ld add1 t ,i limit ! full application ( ,de ,mai/re's !ory to ! times prec$+ ! com+ ( our ,"l4 #a ,x has curi\sly happ5$ t ,i h nev] se5 ! "w :i*1 aft] ,bryant1 w\ld probably h af=d$ ! l>ge/ rep]tory ( facts--,g4 ,/anley ,fab]'s ,diss]tation on ! ,my/]ies ( ! ,cabiri2 & x is only rec5tly1 s9ce ^! pages 7 9 pr9t1 t ,i h become acqua9t$ ) ,davies' ,celtic ,rese>*es & ,! ,my?ology & ,rites ( ! ,briti% ,druids4 ,! ,celtic traditions respect+ _! god ,hu1 are s important f m ?an "o po9t ( view1 t ,i _c =be> mak+ ! foll[+ extracts f ! latt] au?or1 :i* ,i tru/ ! read] w ref] back to & comp>e 9 *ap4 ix4 ) ! ,babylonian ,hoa1 at p4 #ff ) ! ,*9ese ,yu1 & at p4 #bfb ) ! ,african ,hu4 ,davies' ,celtic ,rese>*es1 p4 #ahd1 says1 ,?\gh ,hu ,gad>n prim>ily d5ot$ ! ,supreme ,be+ comp>e *ap4 ix41 ,i ?9k 8 actions h a second>y ref]5ce to ! hi/ory ( ,noah4 ,! foll[+ p>ticul>s are told ( him 9 ! above-cit$ selection3--7#a47 ,8 bran*+ or elevat$ ox5 comp>e p4 #bje & *ap4 xi4 444 at ! ,deluge1 drew ! de/roy] out ( ! wat]1 s t ! lake bur/ =? no m comp>e *ap4 iv4 7#b47 ,he in/ruct$ ! primitive race 9 ! cultivation ( ! e>? comp>e p4 #bci4 7#c47 ,he fir/ collect$ & dispos$ !m into v>i\s tribes comp>e p4 #bci4 7#d47 ,he fir/ gave laws1 traditions1 c41 & adapt$ v]se to memorials comp>e p4 #bci4 7#e47 ,he fir/ br\ght ! ,cymry into ,brita9 & ,gaul comp>e p4 #ff1 because he w\ld n h !m possess l&s by w> & cont5tion1 b ( "r & peace comp>e *aps4 xiii4 & xv4 ,x is true t ^! traditions come to u 9 ballads attribut$ to ,wel% b>ds ( ! #ac? & #ad? c5turies ,a4,d42 b1 z ! ,rev4 ,mr ,davies said1 t su* a sup]/ition %\ld h be5 fabricat$ by ! b>ds 9 ! middle ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 is a supposition utt]ly irreconcileable ) probability4 ,& ,i ?9k ! improbability w be widely ext5d$ if ! read]s w take ! tr\ble1 aft] p]usal1 to make ! ref]5ces z above4 ,my att5tion 0 fir/ drawn to ! co9cid5ces ( my?ology ) scriptural hi/ory by ! late ,colonel ,g4 ,macdonell4#b ,colonel ,macdonell's co9cid5ces 7 f\nd$ ^u a peculi> !ory ( 8 own1 & mu/ necess>ily h be5 exclusively ^u ! l9es ( ,hebrew d]ivation4 ,!re is no?+1 h[ev]1 9 ^! pages drawn f t s\rce4 ,i may add1 = ! satisfaction ( ,colonel ,macdonell's fri5ds1 t z ,colonel ,macdonell's ,,mss4 exi/1 & are 9 ! possession ( ,colonel ,i4 ,j4 ,macdonell1 ,i h 7except at p4 #bdc1 :5 quot+ f ,b\lang]17 expressly exclud$ ! consid]ation ( ! influ5ce ( ! ,hebrew ^u g5]al tradition1 :i*1 h[ev]1 w be necess>y = ! full discussion ( ! "q4 #b ,i h app5d$ a %ort biographical notice ( ,colonel ,g4 ,macdonell1 :i* ,i v5ture to ?9k may conta9 matt] ( public int]e/4 ,:atev]1 !re=e1 ,colonel ,macdonell may h writt5 w rema9 ov] & above 9 illu/ration ( ! tradition4 ,b :e!r on ! l9es ( ,hebrew or primeval tradition1 ^! views w inevitably run c\nt] to ! my?ological !ories n[ 9 ! asc5dant4 ,^! views1 inde$1 h be5 s long relegat$ to d>kness1 & p]haps appropriately1 on acc\nt ( _! opposition to ! preval5t sol> !ories1 fl\t$ l owls & bats :5ev] !y h v5tur$ into ! daylight1 t x w be ) some?+ am\nt+ to absolute a/oni%m5t t ! le>n$ w he> t !re are p :o /ill ent]ta9 !m3 itaque ea nolui scrib]e1 qu nec indocti intellig]e poss5t1 nec docti leg]e cur>5t 7,cic4 ,acad4 ,qus41 #a4 i4 #b74 ,i c s9c]ely say1 h[ev]1 t al?\gh my !ories place me 9 a position ( antagonism to mod]n sci5ce1 yet t ,i h writt5 9 no _s ( ho/ility to sci5ce or ! cause ( sci5ce4 ,i h ?r\gh\t exclud$ ! geological argum5t1 = ! fir/ & suffici5t reason t ,i am n a geologi/2 & secondly1 by ! same "r & title1 t geologi/s1 e4g4 ,sir ,c4 ,lyell1 9 8 ,antiquity ( ,man1 ignores ! argum5ts & facts to :i* ,i h direct$ special att5tion4 ,nev]!less1 ,i f9d t compet5t witnesses h come to conclusions n mat]ially diff]5t f ^? :i* h be5 arriv$ at1 on ! gr\nd ( hi/ory1 )9 _! own dep>tm5t ( geology4 ,i h m especially 9 my m9d ! foll[+ passage f a s]ies ( pap]s1 ,on ,"s ,evid5ces ( ! ,antiquity ( ,man1 by ! ,rev4 ,a4 ,weld1 9 ! ,mon? 7#ahga71 writt5 ) full k & 9 a _s ( c>eful & fair appreciation ( ! evid5ce4 ,he says3-- ,^! evid5ces1 su* z !y are1 are fully treat$ 9 ! "w ( ,sir ,c4 ,lyell1 entitl$ ',antiquity ( ,man1' :i* exhau/$ ! :ole "q z x /ood1 :5 ! la/ edition 0 publi%$ 9 ! ye> #ahfc4 ,x is wor?y ( note t ?\gh ! conclusion at :i* ! geologi/ arrives is hesitat+ & sugge/ive1 r ?an decisive1 & ?\gh no?+ ( importance1 z f> z we are aw>e1 has be5 add$ to ! geological aspect ( ! "q s9ce t "t--except t ! reality ( ! discov]y ( human rema9s has be5 v]ifi$1 & _m additional discov]ies ( a simil> "* h be5 made--/ill ! op9ion1 :i* 0 !n new & />tl+1 has gradually ga9$ gr\nd1 until we f9d writ]s assum+ z a ?+ t ne$s no fur!r pro(1 t ! p]iod ( man's habitation on ! e>? is to be reckon$ 9 t5s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s4--,! ,mon? 7,may & ,june #ahga71 p4 #dcg4 ,among v>i\s works1 be>+ on matt]s conta9$ 9 ^! pages1 :i* h come to h& dur+ ! c\rse ( publication1 ,i may m5tion-- ,! ,my?ology ( ! ,aryan ,nations1 by ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,w4 ,cox1 ref]r$ to 9 notes at pp4 #aeh1 #afe1 #cif4 ,! ?ird edition ( ,sir ,john ,lubbock's ,pre-hi/oric ,times4 ,mr ,e4 ,b4 ,tylor's ,primitive ,culture1 ref]r$ to 9 notes at pp4 #da1 #acf1 #cjj4 ,mr ,/ ,george ,miv>t's ,g5esis ( ,species4 ,mr ,f4 ,seebohm on ,int]national ,re=m4 ,sir ,h4 ,s4 ,ma9e's ,village ,communities4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,we/m9/]'s pap]1 read be=e ! ,royal ,in/itution1 ,on ! ,dmon ( ,socrates4 ,ors9i's ,life ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 translat$ by ! ,v ,rev4 ,dr ,hus5be?4 ,h9ts & ,facts on ! ,orig9 ( ,man1 by ! ,v ,rev4 ,dr ,p4 ,melia1 #ahgb1 :o says 7p4 #ei71 ,consid]+ ! great l5g? ( life ( ! fir/ patri>*s1 ,moses mu/ h _h e in=mation ?r\gh non-int]rupt$ tradition4 ,if we reflect t ,%em = _m ye>s saw ,me?uselah1 a contempor>y ( ,adam1 & t ,%em himself liv$ to ! "t ( ,abraham1 444 t ,abraham di$ aft] ! bir? ( ,jacob1 & t ,jacob saw _m :o 7 alive :5 ,moses 0 born1 we see t a few g5]ations connect ,moses n only ) ,noah1 b also ) ,adam4 ,i quote ?is passage z x is important to place 9 ! =egr\nd ( ?is inquiry ! unassailable tru? t 7ap>t f revelation7 ! hi/orical acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! human race1 to :i* all o!rs conv]ge1 is consi/5t ) itself1 & be>s intr9sic evid5ce ( cr$ibility4 ,an analog\s argum5t ) ref]5ce to ,*ri/ian tradition 0 sket*$ 9 a lecture by ,mr ,edw>d ,lucas1 & publi%$ 9 #ahfb1 ,on ! ,fir/ ,two ,c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,) ref]5ce to o!r p>ts ( ^! pages1 mu* supplem5tal matt] w be f\nd 9-- ,hi/orical ,illu/rations ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 by ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,rawl9son1 ,m4,a41 ,camd5 ,pr(41 :]e1 at pp4 #ai1 #bj1 w be f\nd direct te/imony to :at ,i _h conjectur$ f indirect evid5ce at pp4 #bgj1 #bga--viz41 t ! ,polynesian isl&]s h a cle> & di/9ct tradition ( a ,deluge1 f :i* "o family only1 eight 9 numb]1 0 sav$ 9 a canoe4 ,also1 b f a diff]5t po9t ( view1 9 ,leg5ds ( ,old ,te/am5t ,*>act]s1 by ,rev4 ,s4 ,b>+ ,g\ld1 ,m4,a4 ,! articles 9 ! ,tablet ,on ,arbitration in/ead ( ,w>1 to :i* ,i h ref]r$ 9 *ap4 xiv4 at p4 #chj1 h rec5tly be5 collect$ & repr9t$ by ,"l ,rob]t ,montagu1 ,m4,p4 ,if ,i h exce$$ 9 quotation1 ,i mu/ direct my read]s1 = ! def5ce ( ?is mode ( composition1 f ! po9t ( view ( tradition1 to a "w :i* ,i tru/ "s 9 ?is busy age /ill f9d leisure to read1 ,mr ,k5elm ,digby's ,mores ,ca?olici1 i4 #dj4 ,i mu/1 moreov]1 add a passage f ! g5]al preface to ! rec5t republication ( ,mr ,disraeli's works1 :i* ,i came ^u too late to introduce into ! body ( ?is book1 b :i* ,i feel sure ! read]1 ev5 if he has met ) x be=e1 w n be reluctant to rep]use3-- ,! sceptical effects ( ! discov]ies ( sci5ce1 & ! uneasy feel+ t !y _c co-exi/ ) our old religi\s convictions h _! orig9 9 ! circum/ance t ! g5]al body :o h sudd5ly become consci\s ( ^! physical tru?s are n s well acqua9t$ z is desirable ) ! pa/ hi/ory ( man4 ,a/oni%$ by _! unprep>$ em]g5ce f ignorance to a c]ta9 degree ( in=mation1 _! amaz$ intellig5ce takes refuge 9 ! !ory ( :at is conv5i5tly call$ progress1 & e /ep 9 sci5tific discov]y seems fur!r to remove !m f ! pa? ( primval inspiration4 ,b !re is no fallacy s flagrant z to suppose t ! mod]n ages h ! peculi> privilege ( sci5tific discov]y1 or t !y are di/+ui%$ z ! epo*s ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s inv5tions4 ,on ! contr>y1 sci5tific inv5tion has always gone on simultane\sly ) ! revelation ( spiritual tru?s2 & m1 ! greate/ discov]ies are n ^? ( mod]n ages4 ,no "o = a mom5t c pret5d t pr9t+ is s great a discov]y z writ+1 or algebra z language4 ,:at are ! mo/ brilliant ( our *emical discov]ies comp>$ ) ! inv5tion ( fire & ! metals8 ,x is a vulg> belief t our a/ronomical k dates only f ! rec5t c5tury1 :5 x 0 rescu$ f ! monks :o imprison$ ,galileo2 b ,hipp>*us1 :o liv$ be=e our ,div9e ,ma/]1 & :o1 among o!r sublime a*ievem5ts1 discov]$ ! precession ( ! equ9oxes1 ranks ) ! ,newtons & ! ,kepl]s2 & ,cop]nicus1 ! mod]n fa!r ( our cele/ial sci5ce1 av[s himself1 9 8 fam\s "w1 z only ! *ampion ( ,py?agoras1 ^: sy/em he en=ces & illu/rates4 ,ev5 ! mo/ modi% s*emes ( ! day on ! orig9 ( ?+s1 :i* captivate z mu* by _! novelty z _! tru?1 may f9d _! precursors 9 anci5t sages2 & aft] a c>eful analysis ( ! bl5d$ elem5ts ( imag9ation & induction :i* *>act]ise ! new !ories1 !y w be f\nd ma9ly to re/ on ! atom ( ,epicurus & ! monad ( ,?ales4 ,sci5tific1 l spiritual tru?1 has ev] f ! beg9n+ be5 desc5d+ f ,heav5 to man4 ,he is a be+ :o organically dem&s direct relations ) 8 ,creator1 & he w\ld n h be5 s organis$ if 8 requirem5ts c\ld n be satisfi$4 ,we may analyse ! sun & p5etrate ! />s2 b man is consci\s t he is made 9 ,god's own image1 & 9 8 p]plexity he w ev] appeal to our ,fa!r :i* art 9 ,heav54 ,,memoir ,,( ,,colonel ,,george ,,macdonell1 ,c4,b4 ,! foll[+ notice appe>$ 9 ! ,times1 ,may #bc1 #ahgj--;,9 our obitu>y column ( ,saturday we ann\nc$ ! dea? ( ,colonel ,george ,macdonell1 ,c4,b41 at ! advanc$ age ( n9ety4 ,?is (fic]1 :o 0 a cadet ( ! anci5t & loyal ,scotti% h\se ( ,macdonell ( ,gl5g>ry1 0 ! son ( an (fic] :o s]v$ "u ! flag1 & :o1 z we h be5 told1 0 on ! /aff1 ( ,pr9ce ,*>les ,edw>d ,/u>t at ! battle ( ,cullod51 :]e he 0 sev]ely w\nd$4 ,8 son1 ! ,colonel n[ deceas$1 0 born 9 #aggi1 or e>ly 9 ! foll[+ ye>2 obta9$ 8 fir/ commission 9 #agif1 & 0 nom9at$ a ,companion ( ! ,ba? 9 #ahag4 ,he saw active s]vice 9 ! w> 9 ,nor? ,am]ica ) ! #gi? ,foot1 & receiv$ ! gold m$al = ! action at ,*teaugay2 & _h he n accept$ ! retirem5t a few ye>s s9ce1 he w\ld h be51 at 8 dea?1 almo/ ! s5ior (fic] 9 ! army hold+ ,h] ,maje/y's commission4 ,! late ,colonel ,macdonell1 :o adh]$ to ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion pr(ess$ by 8 ance/ors1 & = :i* !y f\ght s gallantly "u ! ,/u>t bann]s1 m>ri$1 9 #ahbj1 ! ,hon4 ,laura ,arundell1 si/] ( ! ,"l ,arundell ( ,w>d\r1 b 0 left a wid[] 9 ,may #ahed4 ,8 son1 ,colonel ,i4 ,j4 ,macdonell1 n[ comm&s ! #ga/ ,highl&]s4 ,i take ?is opportunity ( add+ a few facts1 n )\t int]e/1 to ! above brief summ>y ( a n unev5tful life1 z !y might o!rwise pass unrecord$4 ,9 ! s5tim5t ( ! ,gaelic say+--,curri mi cla* er d cuirn 7,wilson1 ,ar*ol4 ,scot41 p4 #ei7--;,i w add a /one to y\r cairn4 ,colonel ,macdonell's fa!r1 z /at$ 9 ! above acc\nt1 0 w\nd$ at ,cullod5 9 ! ?igh1 b 0 able to crawl on all-f\rs1 aft] ! battle1 eighte5 miles1 to a b>n belong+ to a memb] ( ! ,grant family4 ,he !re rema9$ 9 concealm5t = six mon?s1 leav+ nature to heal ! w\nd2 b ! se>* 9 ! neighb\rhood 9 "t becom+ too hot1 he _h to decamp1 & walk$ ) a /ick all ! way to ,newca/le1 :]e he 0 n greatly re-assur$ by meet+ a soldi] :o _h j be5 drumm$ out ( 8 regim5t z a ,ca?olic1 ) ! ^w ,papi/ plac>d$ on 8 back4 ,he1 h[ev]1 escap$ all dang]s1 & rea*$ ,hull1 & subsequ5tly ,v]sailles or ,/ ,g]ma9s1 :]e he rema9$ ?ree ye>s1 or at lea/ till ! ev5ts foll[+ ! ,peace ( ,aix-la-,*apelle disp]s$ ! ,pr9ce's adh]5ts4 ,he !n return$ to ,engl& "u ! ,act ( ,indemnity1 ent]$ ! royal army1 & 0 pres5t ) ,g5]al ,wolfe at ! tak+ ( ,quebec4 ,if ,i rememb] rightly1 he _h ! good =tune to take an aide-de-camp ( ,montcalm's prison]1 ) important dispat*es4 ,colonel ,macdonell's mat]nal uncle1 ,major ,macdonald 7,keppo*71 0 tak5 prison] at ! battle ( ,falkirk4 ,he 0 said to h be5 ! fir/ man :o drew blood 9 ! w>4 ,by a curi\s rev5ue ( =tune1 he 0 c>ri$ back into ! enemy's ranks by ! horse ( a troop] :om he _h captur$4 ,he 0 execut$ at ,c>lisle1 & ! circum/ances ( 8 execution suppli$ ,sir ,walt] ,scott1 ,i believe1 ) ! incid5ts :i* he work$ up into ! n>rative ( ,mac,ivor's execution 9 ,wav]ley4 ,8 sword is 9 ! possession ( ,mr ,p4 ,h[>d ( ,corby ,ca/le1 ne> ,c>lisle4 ,=tune1 h[ev]1 _h 9 /ore ano!r rev5ge2 = ! ,duke ( ,cumb]l& be+ pres5t1 _m ye>s aft]w>ds1 at a ball at ,ba?1 by a mo/ unhappy selection indicat$ z ! p]son ) :om he wi%$ to dance a beautiful girl :o turn$ out to be no o!r ?an ! daught] ( ,major ,macdonald 7aft]w>ds m>ri$ to ,mr ,*i*e/] ( ,calv]ley7 ! circum/ances ( ^: execution h j be5 ref]r$ to4 ,%e rose 9 def]5ce to royalty1 b repli$1 9 a tone :i* utt]ly discomfit$1 & put 8 ,royal ,highness to flight--,no1 ,i w nev] dance ) ! murd]] ( my fa!r6 ,) ^! antec$5ts1 x is ne$less to add t ,colonel ,g4 ,macdonell 0 a w>m admir] ( ! ,/u>ts1 & n unnaturally ext5d$ 8 sympa?y & adhesion to ! k9dr$ cause ( legitimacy 9 ,france2 & ! "o ev5t to :i* he always look$ =w>d1 & confid5tly pr$ict$--! re/oration ( ! mon>*y 9 ! p]son ( ,h5ri ,v4--is n[1 if n imm95t1 at lea/ ! m probable ( possible ev5ts4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a belief :i* some:at conflict$ 9 8 m9d ) ! above anticipation--namely1 8 un%ak5 conviction t ! ,dauph9 did n die 9 ! ,temple4 ,he 0 frequ5tly at ,holyrood :5 ! palace 0 occupi$ by ,*>les ,x41 & he accompani$ ! ,du*ess de ,b]ri to ! place ( emb>kation = h] un=tunate exp$ition to ,france4 ,colonel ,macdonell also act$ z ! m$ium ( communication betwe5 ! ,fr5* ,royali/s & ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t2 & on "o important occasion convey$ intellig5ce to ,"l ,ba?ur/ or ,"l ,sidm\? respect+ ! movem5ts ( ! secret societies 9 ,spa9 9 #ahbc "s h\rs be=e x rea*$ !m by ! ord9>y *annel4 ,"p ( ! communication 0 made on in=mation suppli$ by ! ,abb ,b>ruel2 & 9 reply1 ,"l ,sidm\? said--,well1 ,i rememb] ,edmund ,burke tell+ me t he believ$ e ^w t ,b>ruel _h writt51 & ,i fully accept ! au?ority4 ,colonel ,macdonell 0 "u ! impression t he 0 unwitt+ly & remotely ! cause ( ! break up ( ! ,m9i/ry ( all ! tal5ts4 ,z ?is is an obscure po9t 9 hi/ory1 x may be wor? :ile to give ! foll[+ facts4 ,! impression produc$ by ,m>5go & ,au/]litz _h l$ to ! ,army ,re=m ,bill ( #ahjf1 9 :i* ! po9ts discuss$ 7 almo/ id5tical ) ^? :i* lately excit$ ! public m9d4 ,! disa/]s :i* accompani$ our desc5t on ,egypt 9 #ahjg1 & ! consequ5t evacuation ( ,alex&ria1 creat$ consid]able discont5t & re-op5$ ! "q1 & z fur!r re=ms on m9or po9ts 7 contemplat$1 sugge/ions f (fic]s 9 ! army 7 invit$4 ,colonel ,macdonell 7!n only lieut5ant71 wrote to ,mr ,w9dham1 ! ,secret>y at ,w>1 to po9t out t any brok5 attorney might create consid]able emb>rassm5t at any critical mom5t1 see+ t1 z ! law !n /ood 7an ,act ( ,george ,i4 _h ext5d$ ! obligation ( tak+ ! sacram5t to privates71 any soldi] c\ld obta91 if n 8 own1 8 comrade's dis*>ge by po9t+ him out z a ,papi/4 ,! dang] 0 recognis$1 & ,mr ,w9dham br\ght 9 a bill direct$ to meet ! case1 b its introduction reviv$ ! l>g] "q ( ! repeal ( ! ,te/s' ,acts & ( ! ,ca?olic claims2 & ! discussion ev5tuat$ 9 ,"l ,h[ick's bill1 :i* 0 met by ! ,k+'s refusal1 & ! consequ5t resignation ( ! ,m9i/ry4 ,?is may expla9 ! /atem5t 7m5tion$ 9 ! obitu>y notice 9 ! ,times ( ! ,m>quis ( ,lansd[ne71 t he 7,"l ,lansd[ne7 c\ld nev] und]/& h[ ! ,m9i/ry came to be dissolv$4 ,he _h he>d in/ances ( m5 runn+ _! heads aga9/ a wall1 b nev] ( m5 build+ up a wall aga9/ :i* to run _! heads4#c #c ,sir ,h4 ,lytton ,bulw]1 9 8 ,life ( ,"l ,palm]/on1 says1 i4 p4 #fb1 ,!re has seldom happ5$ 9 ?is c\ntry s sudd5 & unexpect$ a *ange ( ,m9i/]s z t :i* took place 9 ,m>* #ahjg4 ,x has be5 m5tion$ t ,colonel ,macdonell ent]$ ! army :5 q a boy2 & !re 7 few m51 ,i fancy1 liv+1 :5 he di$ la/ ye>1 :o c\ld boa/1 z he c\ld1 ( hav+ s]v$ 9 ! ,duke ( ,york's campaign 9 ! la/ c5tury1 b ,i am n able to /ate 9 :at regim5t4 ,he 0 = "s "t previ\sly 9 ,"l ,d>l+ton's regim5t ( ,f5cibles4 ,he 0 at "o p]iod 9 ! #h?1 & at ano!r 9 ! #ej? regim5t1 9 :i* latt]1 ,i ?9k1 he w5t out to ! ,we/ ,indies & ,canada4 ,x 0 9 ,canada1 h[ev]1 t 8 pr9cipal s]vices 7 r5d]$1 :i* inde$ 7 consid]able1 & h nev] be5 adequately ackn[l$g$4 ,:5 ! ,am]icans invad$ ,canada ^u ! decl>ation ( w> 9 #ahab1 x is h>dly necess>y to rem9d ! read] t almo/ all our available troops 7 engag$ 9 ! ,p59sula1 & t ,canada 0 pretty well left to its own res\rces4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x w be recognis$ z ( "s importance t ,colonel ,macdonell 0 able to raise a regim5t among ! ,macdonells ( 8 clan :o _h settl$ !re4 ,b ! conditions made ) him 7 n fulfill$1 & ! comm& ( ! regim5t1 almo/ imm$iately aft] x 0 rais$1 0 transf]r$ to ! comm& ( a ,prote/ant & an ,orangeman1 :i* caus$ a mut9y :i* 0 ) difficulty suppress$4 ,n[1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! regim5t 0 only rais$ ?r\gh 8 p]sonal influ5ce ) ! clan1 & ?r\gh t ( its pa/or1 ,bi%op ,macdonell1 & t ! adhesion ( ! ,ca?olic ,macdonells w5t f> to det]m9e ! attitude ( ! ,fr5* ,canadians also4 ,!re 7 n m ?an #abjj regul> troops 9 ,upp] ,canada dur+ ! w>4#d #d ,w4 ,james1 ,milit>y ,occurr5ces ( ,late ,w>1 i4 #ef1 says1 #adej regul> troops2 ,murray1 ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,am]ica1 i4 #ahi1 says1 #bajj troops4 ,be=e ref]r+ to ! actions 9 :i* ,colonel ,macdonell 0 engag$1 ,i w add ! foll[+ p>ticul>s z to ! ,highl& settlem5t :i* ,colonel ,macdonell gave me4 ,9 #agih1 ! submission ( ! ,highl& *iefs to ! ,h\se ( ,hanov] hav+ be5 ( "s /&+1 & _! adhesion be+1 moreov]1 cem5t$ 9 a common s5tim5t ( abhorr5ce ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 !y 7 will+ly induc$ to raise regim5ts among _! clans4 ,?is 0 done by ,gl5g>ry1 ,macleod1 & o!rs4 ,at ! peace ^! regim5ts 7 disb&$1 b f9d+ t complications ( v>i\s sorts _h necess>ily aris5 dur+ _! abs5ce respect+ _! l&s & hold+s at home1 &1 9 po9t ( fact1 t !y _h no homes to return to1 ! great] "p rema9$ tempor>ily domicil$ at ,glasg[1 ! place ( _! disb&m5t4 ,i inf] t !y rema9$ "u ! *>ge & direction ( ,bi%op ,macdonell1 :o _h accompani$ !m 9 _! campaigns z *apla91 & 0 ! fir/ ,ca?olic prie/ (ficially recognis$ 9 ! capacity ( regim5tal *apla94 ,at ,glasg[ 7previ\sly only s]v$ z a fly+ mission71 he hir$ a /oreh\se1 :i* he op5$ z a *apel1 b /eal?ily only1 z two ( ! congregation 7 always po/$ z a gu>d at ! entrance on ,sunday4 ,he f\nd only eighte5 ,ca?olics at ,glasg[ at t "t1 i4e41 ,i suppose1 previ\sly to ! disb&m5t ( ! ,highl&]s4 ,?r\gh ,bi%op ,macdonell's influ5ce ) ,"l ,sidm\?--:o1 al?\gh a /rong oppon5t ( ! ,ca?olic claims1 always act$ 9 8 relations ) him1 he said1 9 ! mo/ hon\rable & /raight=w>d way--! emigration ( ! ,highl&]s to ,canada 0 %ortly aft]w>ds arrang$4 ,colonel ,macdonell 0 subsequ5tly p>tially re9/at$ 9 8 comm& ( ! ,gl5g>ry regim5t4 ,! important s]vices r5d]$ by ,colonel ,macdonell 9 ,canada1 to :i* ,i h allud$1 7--#a4 ,! tak+ ( ,ogd5sburg at a critical mom5t1 on 8 own responsibility1 & contr>y to ord]s1 :i* _h ! effect ( div]t+ ! ,am]ican attack f ,upp] ,canada at a mom5t :5 x 0 entirely undef5d$2 &1 #b4 ,br++ ! regim5t ( ,fr5* ,canadian militia1 !n tempor>ily "u 8 comm&1 f ,k+/on1 by a =c$ run d[n ! rapids ( ! ,/ ,lawr5ce )\t pilots 7pass+ ! po9t :]e ,"l ,amh]/ lo/ eighty m571 9 "t en\gh 7he arriv$ ! day be=e1 unkn[n to ! ,am]icans7 to support ,de ,salub]ry at ! decisive action at ,*ateaugay4 ,de ,salub]ry inde$ _h only #cjj ,fr5* ,canadians "u 8 comm&1 :i*1 ) ! #fjj br\ght up by ,colonel ,macdonell1 only made up a =ce ( #ijj 7) ab\t #ajj ,indians71 ) :i* to *eck ,g5]al ,hampton's advance ) "s #gjjj 7! ,am]icans /at$ ! =ce at #eebj infantry & #ahj cavalry1 ,james1 i4 #cje7 9 8 advance on ,montreal4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ,colonel ,macdonell mu/ be consid]$1 on any imp>tial review ( ! facts1 to h won ! day 7vide infra71 yet he 0 n ev5 m5tion$ 9 ,sir ,g4 ,prevo/'s dispat*4 ,colonel ,macdonell receiv$ ! ,companion%ip ( ! ,ba? = ! tak+ ( ,ogd5sburg1 & ! gold m$al = 8 conduct 9 ! action at ,*ateaugay4 ,i app5d ! foll[+ acc\nts ( ! affairs at ,ogd5sburg & ,*ateaugay1 add+ a few p>ticul>s 9 correction & explanation--,alison1 ,hi/ory ( ,europe1 xix4 #aba 7#g? ed471 says--,%ortly aft] ,colonel ,m',donnell 7,macdonell71 ) two companies ( ! ,gl5g>ry ,f5cibles1 & two ( ! #h?1 conv]t$ a feign$ attack :i* he 0 ord]$ to make on ,=t ,ogd5sburg into a real "o4 ,! assault 0 made "u circum/ances ( ! utmo/ difficulty2 deep sn[ imp$$ ! assailants at e /ep1 & ! ,am]ican m>ksm51 f beh9d _! def5ces1 kept up a v heavy fire2 b ! gallantry ( ! ,briti% ov]came e ob/acle1 & ! =t 0 c>ri$1 ) elev5 guns1 all its /ores1 & two arm$ s*oon]s 9 ! h>b\r4 ,! difficulties1 z ,i h und]/ood f ,colonel ,macdonell1 7 n s mu* f ! imp$im5ts ( ! sn[1 z f ! dang]\s /ate ( ! ,/ ,lawr5ce at ! "t1 ! ice lit]ally wav+ "u ! tramp ( 8 m5 z he pass$ !m ov] 7t5 paces ap>t74 ,! /roke ( ! axe1 by :i* !y judg$1 told x inde$ to be only b>ely safe1 & x _h nev] be5 cross$ by troops be=e at t po9t1 z x 0 deem$ insecure1 be+ )9 ?ree miles ( ! ,gallops ,rapids4 7,among ! guns 7 "s tak5 f ,g5]al ,burgoyne47 ,a full] acc\nt ( ! tak+ ( ,ogd5sburg may be read 9 ,mr ,w4 ,james' ,full & ,correct ,acc\nt ( ! ,milit>y ,occurr5ces ( ! late ,w> betwe5 ,great ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 vol4 i4 p4 #ace-ada3 ,london1 #ahah2 he adds1 ,previ\sly to dismiss+ ! affair at ,ogd5sburg x may be "r to m5tion t ,sir ,g4 ,prevo/'s secret>y1 or "s p]son :o _h ! transcrib+ ( ,major 7,colonel7 ,macdonnell's 7,macdonell's7 (ficial lett]1 mu/ h ins]t$ by mi/ake ! words ',9 consequ5ce ( ! comm&s ( 8 ,excell5cy4' ,( ?is !re ne$s no /rong] pro( ?an t ,major 7,colonel7 ,macdonnell 7,macdonell7 :ile he 0 9 ! heat ( ! battle1 receiv$ a private note f ,sir ,g4 dat$ f ',fl9t's ,inn at #i o'clock1' repeat+ 8 ord]s n to make ! attack2 & ev5 9 ! fir/ private lett] :i* ,sir ,g4 wrote to ,major ,macdonnell 7,colonel ,macdonell7 aft] be+ in=m$ ( 8 success1 he c\ld n help qualify+ 8 admiration ( ! exploit ) a rem>k t ! latt] _h r exce$$ 8 in/ructions--7,note4--,bo? ( ^! lett]s ! au?or has se571 vol4 i4 #adj4 ,colonel ,macdonell's explanation to me ( 8 tak+ ?is responsibility on himself 0 simply t he saw t ! fate ( ! :ole ( ,upp] ,canada dep5d$ ^u x4 ,colonel ,macdonell _h receiv$ in=mation t #ejjj ,am]ican troops 7 mov+ up 9 ! direction ( ,ogd5sburg1 & !y1 9 fact1 came up a week aft] x 0 tak51 "u ,g5]al ,pike2 b see+ ! alt]$ aspect ( affairs1 !y mov$ (f1 & fell back ^u ,sackett's ,h>b\r1 anticipat+ a simil> attack at t po9t4 ,colonel ,macdonell always spoke ) mu* emotion ( ! gallant conduct ( a ,capta9 ,j5k9s1 a "y (fic] "u 8 comm&1 :o1 al?\gh he _h bo? arms %att]$ by two successive %ots1 /ruggl$ on at ! head ( 8 m5 until he swoon$4 ,he surviv$ "s ye>s1 b di$ ( ! ov]*>ge ( blood to ! head consequ5t on ! loss ( 8 limbs4 ,z ,ogd5sburg 0 a fronti] t[n on ! ,am]ican side ( ! ,/ ,lawr5ce1 ,sir ,g4 ,prevo/ au?oris$ paym5t = any plund] by ! troops1 b ,colonel ,macdonell receiv$ a c]tificate f ! inhabitants t !y _h n lo/ a s+le %ill+--:i* mu/ be record$ to ! cr$it ( ! ,gl5g>ry ,highl&]s "u 8 comm&4 ,z ,i h already said1 al?\gh ,colonel ,macdonell comm&$ ! l>g] =ce1 & by an indep5d5t comm&1 at ! action ( ,*ateaugay1 8 "n is n m5tion$ 9 ,sir ,g4 ,prevo/'s dispat*1 nor 9 ,alison1 :o app>5tly foll[s ! (ficial acc\nt 7xix4 #aca1 #g? ed47 ,9 ,alison1 ,de ,salub]ry is call$1 by a cl]ical error1 ,de ,salav>y--su*1 aft] all1 is fame6 sai? ,hyp]ion4 ,al?\gh 8 troops1 raw levies1 broke1 & ,colonel ,de ,salub]ry 0 virtually a prison] :5 ,colonel ,macdonell came up to ! support1 x 0 ?r\gh no fault ( 8 disposition ( 8 m5--7,colonel ,macdonell always spoke ( him z an excell5t (fic]1 :o behav$ on ! occasion 9 ! mo/ noble & intrepid mann]74 ,! ,am]ican troops at ,*ateaugay are v>i\sly /at$ at #gjjj to #egjj 7,alison says1 #djjj effective infantry & #bjjj militia1 & #aj guns1 xix4 #aca74 ,! ,briti%1 #cjj ,fr5* ,canadian militia1 "u ,de ,salub]ry2 #fjj "u ,colonel ,macdonell1 & "s ,indians1 )\t artill]y4 ,a full1 b1 ,colonel ,macdonell said1 inaccurate acc\nt 7f imp]fect in=mation7 w be f\nd 9 ,mr ,w4 ,james' ,milit>y ,occurr5ces1 above ref]r$ to4 ,i extract ! foll[+ passages1 i4 #cjg3--,! ,briti% advanc$ corps1 /ation$ ne> ! fronti]s1 0 comm&$ by ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,de ,salub]ry ( ! ,canadian ,f5cibles1 & consi/$ ( ! two flank companies ( t corps & f\r companies ( voltigeurs1 & six flank companies ( embodi$ militia & ,*ateaugay *asseurs1 plac$ "u ! imm$iate ord]s ( ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,macdonell1 late ( ! ,gl5g>rys1 :o s di/+ui%$ himself at ,ogd5sburg4 ,! :ole ( ?is =ce did n exce$ #hjj rank & file4 ,!re 7 also at ! po/ #agb ,indians "u ,capta9 ,lamotte4 ,colonel ,macdonell's acc\nt diff]$ sub/antially4 ,x has be5 already m5tion$ t he _h br\ght up 8 troops by a =c$ m>* ! night be=e1 & held !m "u a sep>ate comm&4 ,i conclude ) ! foll[+ passage z be>+ out ,colonel ,macdonell's v]sion3--,! ,am]icans1 al?\gh !y did n occupy "o foot ( ! 'abatis1' nor ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,de ,salub]ry retire "o in* f ! gr\nd on :i* he _h be5 /&+1 celebrat$ ?is p>tial retir+ z a retreat4444 ,by way ( animat+ 8 little b& :5 ?us mom5t>ily press$ ,colonel ,macdonell's v]sion 01 t al?\gh ! troops 7 driv5 back1 ,colonel ,de ,salub]ry lit]ally refus$ to retire "o in* himself1 & virtually rema9$ a prison] until-- ,colonel ,de ,salub]ry ord]$ ! bugleman to s\nd ! advance4 ,?is 0 he>d by ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,macdonell1 :o ?9k+ ! ,colonel 0 9 want ( support1 caus$ 8 own bugles to answ]1 & imm$iately advanc$ ) two 'six' ( 8 companies4 ,he at ! same "t s5t t5 or twelve buglem5 into ! adjo9+ woods ) ord]s to sep>ate 'widely'1 & bl[ ) all _! might4 ,?is little 'ruse de gu]re' l$ ! ,am]icans to believe t !y _h m ?\s&s ?an hundr$s to cont5d )1 & det]r$ !m f ev5 attempt+ to p5etrate ! 'abatis4' ,= ! re/ ( ! acc\nt ,i mu/ ref] my read]s to ,mr ,w4 ,james' ,hi/ory1 z above2 ?\gh1 if a complete & accurate acc\nt ( an engagem5t :i* probably sav$ ,briti% ,canada 7 ev] ?\ght desirable1 ,colonel ,macdonell's comm5t>ies 7,,ms47 on ! above & ! (ficial acc\nts1 w\ld af=d valuable supplem5t>y in=mation4#e #e ,! foll[+ corrections h be5 suppli$ to me by ! ,hon4 ,l4 ,d43--,lieut4-,colonel ,george ,macdonell 0 born on ! #ab? ,augu/ #aghj1 at ,/ ,johns1 ,newf\ndl&1 :]e 8 fa!r1 ,capta9 ,macdonell1 0 /ation$4 ,he 0 ! second son ( ,capta9 ,macdonell 7:o _h be5 "o ( ! body-gu>d ( ,pr9ce ,*>les71 by 8 wife1 ,miss ,leslie ( ,fett]ne>1 ,ab]de5%ire4 ,george 0 rat$ on ! navy by ! ,admiral ( ! /ation1 :o 0 a p]sonal fri5d ( ,capta9 ,macdonell1 & 8 "n accord+ly rema9$ on ! li/ = ye>s1 b he nev] jo9$4 ,i believe he ent]$ 9 #agie ! regim5t rais$ by ,"l ,d>l+ton1 & aft]w>ds s]v$ ) ! ,duke ( ,york 9 ! w> 9 ,holl&4 ,he 01 ,i "k1 at "o "t 9 ! #h? infantry1 = ,i rememb] ,sir ,grea!d ,h>ris say+ t he 0 always a well-rememb]$ & hon\r$ (fic] 9 t regim5t4 ,he ultimately _h ! po/ ( ,inspect+ ,field-,(fic] 9 ,canada4 ,,tradition ,,pr9cipally ,,) ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,my?ology ,,& ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nations4 ,,tradition ,,pr9cipally ,,) ,,ref]5ce ,,to ,,my?ology ,,& ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nations4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nations4 ,! increas+ numb] ( essays1 pamphlets1 works1 & reviews ( works on speculative subjects1 ) :i* ! lit]ature ( ,engl& at pres5t teems1 compels ! conclusion t ! public m9d has be5 greatly unsettl$ or /rangely trans=m$ s9ce ! days :5 ,john ,bull 0 ! pla9 matt]-(-fact old g5tleman t ,wa%+ton ,irv+ pleasantly describ$ him4 ,rememb]+ ! _m /]l+ & noble qualities :imsically associat$ ) ?is practical turn ( m9d1 x w be felt by _m to be a *ange = ! worse4 ,b if old ,engli% convictions1 maxims1 & ways ( ?\ght h lo/ _! mean+2 if 9 f9e x is true t ! m9d ( ,engl& has become unsettl$1 x says mu* = ! practical good s5se ( ,engli%m5 t !y %\ld h ov]come _! natural repugnances1 & %\ld s e>ne/ly turn to ! discussion ( ^! que/ions1 n inde$ ) ! true ze/ = speculation1 b 9 ! practical conviction t x is 9 ?is ar5a t ! battle ( ! ,con/itution mu/ be f\ght4 ,!re is1 z x has be5 truly obs]v$1#f an in/9ctive feel+ t any speculation :i* affects ?is 7! speculation 9 "q be+ ! effect ( ! ,d>w9ian !ory on consci5ce71 mu/ also affect1 soon] or lat]1 ! practical pr9ciples & conduct ( m5 9 _! daily lives4 ,?is naturally comes mu* clos] to u ?an any "q z to ! comp>ative ne>ness ( our k9%ip to ! gorilla or ! orang c be expect$ to d4 ,no great modification ( op9ion takes place ) respect to ! moral faculties1 :i* does n ultimately & 9 "s degree modify ! e?ical practice & political work+ ( ! society 9 :i* x comes to prevail4 #f ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 ,april #ab1 #ahga2 article1 ,mr ,d>w9 on ,consci5ce4 ,!re is p]haps no "q :i* lies m at ! root ( political con/itutions1 & :i* mu/ m directly det]m9e ! conduct ( /ates 9 _! relations to ea* o!r1 ?an ! "q :e!r or n1 or 9 :at s5se1 !re 0 su* a ?+ z natural law1 i4e4 a law antec$5t to ! =mation ( individual political societies1 & :i* is common to & b9d+ on !m all4 ,x may be wor? :ile1 !re=e1 to exam9e :e!r a /rict] discrim9ation may n be made betwe5 ?+s :i* are sometimes conf\nd$1 viz43--,! ,law ( ,nations & ,int]national ,law1 natural law & ! /ate ( nature2 & ev5 if ! attempt at discrim9ation %\ld fail 9 exactitude1 x may yet1 by op5+ out fre% views1 contribute light to m9ds ( great] precision1 :o may ?us be enabl$ to hit ^u ! exact tru?4 ,?is view 0 p>tially expos$ 9 an article :i* 0 ins]t$ 9 ! ,tablet1 ,septemb] #bh1 #ahfa1g entitl$ ,int]national ,law & ! ,law ( ,nations1 &1 all ?+s consid]$1 ,i d n ?9k t ,i c bett] consult ! int]e/s ( my read]s1 ?an by reproduc+ an extract f x "h1 z a conv5i5t basis ( op]ation f :i* to advance into a some:at unexplor$ c\ntry3-- ,x has be5 ! fa%ion s9ce ,b5?am's#h "t1 to sub/itute ! phrase ',int]national ,law' = ! ',law ( ,nations1' z if !y 7 conv]tible t]ms4 ,! sub/itution1 h[ev]1 cov]s a di/9ction suffici5tly important4 ,! ',law ( ,nations' is an obligation :i* b9ds ! consci5ces ( nations to respect ! et]nal pr9ciple ( ju/ice 9 _! relations ) ea* o!r4 ',int]national law' is ! sy/em ( rules1 prec$5ts1 & maxims accumulat$ 9 recognition ( ! et]nal law4 ,b z m5 may build a !atre or a gambl+-h\se ^u ! f\ndations con/ruct$ = a religi\s edifice1 & ^u a /one consecrat$ = an alt>1 s has x be5 possible = diplomacy to sub/itute a sy/em ( *ican]y = ! simple laws :i* 7 int5d$ to facilitate ! int]c\rse ( nations1 & ) su* effect z 9 a great numb] ( cases to place int]national law 9 contradiction ) ! law ( nations--z1 = in/ance1 :5 9 a c]ta9 case ! law ( nations says t x is wrong to invade a neighb\r's t]ritory1 int]national law is made to say t x is lawful to invade 9 su* a case1 because su*-&-su* mon>*s 9 pa/ hi/ory h done s4 ,practically ! effect ( ! sub/itution is1 t ! s5tim5t ( ju/ice disappe>s1 t w>s :i* =m]ly 7 call$ unju/1 are n[ call$ inevitable1 s t good m51 di%e>t5$ at ! conflict+ evid5ce ( prec$5ts1 yield _! s5se ( "r & wrong1 & def] to ! adjudication ( diplomati/s4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly satisfactory to ! mod]n _s :i* w admit no?+ to be law :i* is sup]ior to1 & di/9ct f1 t :i* ! human intellect has det]m9$ to be law4 ,b ! s5se ( "r & wrong 9 good m5 is t :i* gives its :ole efficacy to ! law ( nations4 ,!re is no?+ else 9 ! la/ resort1 to re/ra9 ! ambition & passion ( pr9ces1 b ! reprobation ( mank9d--no?+ b ! fe> ( invad+ t moral t]ritory#i :i* ev5 bad m5 f9d x necess>y to conqu]1 'dans l'ame des peuples ses vois9s4' ,on ! o!r h&1 ! :ole mass ( prec$5ts to :i* diplomati/s appeal1 :i* are r>ely c>efully collat$ ) ^? :i* legi/s h accumulat$ & dige/$1 is no?+ b a veil :i* ?9ly cov]s ! supremacy ( might & ! "r ( =ce4 ,9 fact1 ! conv5tional def]5ce :i* is paid to !m1 is at be/ only ! hypocritical homage :i* =ce is con/ra9$ to pay to ju/ice be=e x /rikes its bl[4 ,int]national law1 !re=e1 z accumulat$ 9 ! prec$5ts ( diplomati/s1 is a p>asitical gr[? ^u t tree :i* has its roots 9 ! he>ts ( nations1 & :i* may be comp>$ to "o ( ^? old oaks "u :i* k+s us$ to sit & adm9i/] ju/ice4 ,x 0 a dream ( ,dodwell's t ! 'law ( nations 0 a div9e revelation made to ! family pres]v$ 9 ! ark4' ,9 ! grotesqu5ess & wildness ( ?is !ory we detect a true idea4 ,! law ( nations is an unwritt5 law1 tradit$ 9 ! memories ( ! p1 or1 s f> z x is writt51 to be f\nd 9 ! works ( writ]s on public law1 l ,grotius1 ^: au?orities1 z ,sir ,j4 ,mack9to% rem>ks1 are 9 great "p1 & v prop]ly1 made up ( ! say+s ( ! poets & orators ( ! _w1 '= !y address !mselves to ! g5]al feel+s & sympa?ies ( mank9d4' ,x is 9 ?is t ! ,scriptural say+ ab\t ! p is s true--',b !y w ma9ta9 ! /ate ( ! _w4' ,& x is a j obs]vation1 t '! p are (t5 wrong 9 _! op9ions1 b 9 _! s5tim5ts r>ely4' ,y may produce /ate pap]s & manife/oes1 writt5 ) all ! dext]ity ( ,talleyr&1 & ! ly+ tact ( ,f\*1 b y w n conv9ce ! p4 ,y h y\r opportunity4 ,! ,lib]al press ( ,europe1 at ?is mom5t1 may be said to be 9 possession ( ! :ole field ( political lit]ature2 nev]!less1 no?+ w prev5t its be+ record$ 9 hi/ory1#aj t ,victor ,emmanuel 9 seiz+ ^u ! patrimony ( ,/ ,pet] 0 a robb]1 & 8 conque/ an usurpation4 #g ,?is article1 & p]haps f\r or five o!rs on miscellane\s subjects1 writt5 )9 a few weeks ( ! above date1 7 my only contributions to ! ,tablet1 at t "t own$ & edit$ by my fri5d ,mr ,j4 ,e4 ,wallis1 :o1 dur+ "s t5 or twelve ev5tful ye>s1 cont9u$ to uphold ! /&>d ( ,tradition1 ) s+ul> ability & at great p]sonal sacrifice4 #h ,all t ,b5?am wrote on ?is subject 7,int]national ,law7 is compris$ )9 a comp>atively small compass 7,works1 vol4 ii4 #ece-efj1 iii4 #bjj-faa1 ix4 #eh-chb74 ,b x w\ld be unp>donable to omit all m5tion ( a sci5ce :i* he 0 ! means ( revolutionis+1 & :i*1 previ\sly to 8 tak+ x 9 h&1 _h n ev5 receiv$ a prop] di/9ctive "n4--,john ,hill ,burton1 ,b5?amiana1 p4 #cif4 ,f ,b5?am's po9t ( view1 ,int]national ,law is ! prop] di/9ctive "n4 #i ,montalemb]t1 ,correspondant1 ,a\t1 #ahfa4 #aj ,c'e/ une des plus admirables *oses de ce monde que jamais nul empire1 et nul succs n'ont pu s'assujetir l'hi/oire et en impos] p> elle la po/]it4 ,des g5]ations de rois issus du mme sang se sont succd p5dant dix sicles au g\v]nem5t du mme peuple1 et malgr cette p]petuit d'intrt et de comm&em5t1 ils n'ont pu c\vrir aux yeux du monde les fautes de leurs pres et ma9t5ir sur leur tombe le faux clat de leur vie4--,lacordaire3 vid4 ,correspondant1 ,nov4 #ahef4 ,i h obs]v$ t ,int]national ,law is ! m appropriate t]m f ,b5?am's po9t ( view1 & z ,b5?am is ! mo/ r$\btable oppon5t ( natural "r & ! law ( nations1 ,i w quote him at "s l5g?3-- ,ano!r man says t !re is an et]nal & immutable rule ( "r1 & t t rule ( "r dictates s-&-s4 ,& !n he beg9s giv+ y 8 s5tim5ts ^u any?+ t comes upp]mo/2 & ^! s5tim5ts 7y are to take x = grant$7 are s _m bran*es ( ! et]nal rule ( "r4444 ,a great multitude ( p are cont9ually talk+ ( ! law ( nature2 & !y g on giv+ y _! s5tim5ts ab\t :at is "r & :at is wrong1 & ^! s5tim5ts1 y are to und]/&1 are s _m *apt]s & sections ( ! law ( nature4 ,in/ead ( ! phrase1 law ( nature1 y h sometimes law ( reason1 "r reason1 natural ju/ice1 natural equity1 good ord]4 ,any ( !m w d equally well4 ,?is latt] is mo/ us$ 9 politics4 ,! ?ree la/ are mu* m tol]able ?an ! o!rs1 because !y d n v explicitly claim to be any?+ m ?an phrases4 ,!y insi/1 b feebly1 ^u ! be+ look$ ^u z s _m positive /&>ds ( !mselves1 & seem cont5t to be tak51 ^u occasion1 = phrases expressive ( ! con=mity ( ! ?+ 9 "q to ! prop] /&>d1 :atev] t may be4 ,on mo/ occasions1 h[ev]1 x w be bett] to say utility--utility is cle>]1 z ref]r+ m especially to pa9 & pleasure4 ,9 tru?1 al?\gh ,mr ,b5?am indulges a pleasant ridicule1 yet ! ridicule & ! ?+ ridicul$ be+ elim9at$1 ! fact t !re is a belief 9 a law ( nature rema9s unt\*$4 ,x is probable1 !re=e1 t appeals w be frequ5t to :at is believ$ to be ! et]nal & immutable rule ( "r1 to ! law ( nature1 c41 i4e4 ea* & e individual1 all mank9d di/ributively1 s appeal1 because !re is a deep conviction among mank9d1 sev]ally & collectively1 t !re is ?is et]nal & immutable rule ( "r1 blurr$ & obscur$ ?\gh x may be1 or conceal$ beh9d a cl\d ( human passion & error3 & mo/ m51 moreov]1 w h an in/9ct :i* w tell !m :5 an individual is sub/itut+ 8 own ideas = ! et]nal & immutable law1--z1 = in/ance1 :5 at ! conclusion ( ! s5t5ce quot$1 ,mr ,b5?am seeks to sub/itute 8 own peculi> cro*et1 z embodi$ 9 ! ^w utility 7:i* may be us$ indiff]5tly 9 ! s5se ( ! absolute or relative1 ! sup]natural or ! natural1 ! imm$iate or ! remote utility71 z synonym\s ) natural ju/ice1 natural equity1 & good ord]4 ,s1 aga91 :5 ,mr ,b5?am comes to ! discussion ( ,int]national ,law1 aft] po9t+ out1 v prop]ly1 t :]eas int]nal laws h always a sup]-ord9ate au?ority to en=ce !m1 t :5 nations fall into disputes !re is no su* sup]-ord9ate imp>tial au?ority to b9d !m to con=mity ) any fix$ rules1 ,mr ,b5?am goes on to say1 ?\gh !re is no di/9ct (ficial au?ority capable ( en=c+ "r pr9ciples ( int]national law1 !re is a p[] be>+ ) m or less influ5ce on ! conduct ( all nations1 z ( all individuals1 h[ev] transc5d5tly pot5t !y may be1 ?is is ! p[] ( public op9ion4 ,public op9ion6 n !n ( public op9ion ?reat5+ co]cion1 = 9 t case we %\ld h a sup]-ord9ate imp>tial au?ority b9d+ to con=mity ) fix$ rules1 b public op9ion z a moral expression4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y take f x ! expression ( "r & wrong1 ( natural ju/ice1 & ( ! et]nal & immutable law2 if its expression is n reprobation1 &1 s to speak1 a =e-judgm5t ( ! retribution ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 b only dissatisfaction or ! m]e pron\ncem5t ( ! inutility ( ! action1 :atev] x may be1 :at ev5 ) ,b5?amites c be its efficacy & wor?8 ,! vanqui%$ say to _! conqu]or1 ! multitudes to _! oppressor1 ?is oppression is n accord+ to utility4 ,utility6 he replies1 useful to :om8 ,to y6 ,fancy ! look ( ,pr9ce ,bism>ck z he w\ld reply to su* an address4 ,:at are m5 if y take away ! notion ( "r & wrong b ! flies ( a summ]8 ,h[ diff]5t 0 ! expression ( ,napoleon aft] 8 ill-usage ( ,pius ,,vii41 ,j'ai frisson les nations4 ,napoleon _h a consci5ce1#aa & 9 8 mom5ts ( calm reflection felt 9 its full =ce ! reprobation ( mank9d4 #aa ,vide ,s5tim5t de ,napoleon ,i4 sur ,le ,*ri/ianisme1 d'apres des temoignages recueillis p> feu le ,*evali] de ,beaut]ne4 ,n\velle edition1 p> ,m4 ----2 ,bray1 ,p>is1 #ahfj4 ,:5 ,b5?am1 /ill speak+ ( public op9ion1 adds3-- ,! p[] 9 "q has1 x is true1 v>i\s degrees ( influ5ce4 ,! /rong are bett] able to put x at defiance ?an ! weak4 ,c\ntries :i*1 be+ ! mo/ popul\s1 are likely also to be ! /ronge/1 c>ry a c]ta9 support ( public op9ion ) all _! acts :atev] !y may be4 ,b /ill x is ! only p[] :i* c be mov$ to good purposes 9 ?is case2 &1 h[ev] high "s may appe> to be above x1 !re are 9 reality none :o are n m or less subject to its influ5ce4 ,"h ,b5?am is aga9 9 imag9ation ga!r+ m5 toge!r l ! flies ( a summ]1--! =ce ( _! op9ion dep5d+ on _! numb]s4 ,b :at1 aga91 is ! =ce ( all ?is buzz+ if x is ! m]e expression ( pleasure1 or pa91 ( satisfaction or dissatisfaction 9 ! masses8 ,conqu]ors may n always be rel5tless1 !y may at times exhibit "s sympa?y ) _! fell[ m52 b z a rule !y are s dom9at$ by "s "o idea or passion1 or at be/ are s absorb$ 9 ! int]e/s ( _! own p1 z to be deaf to su* appeals4 ,pr9ce ,bism>ck's s5tim5ts t[>ds ,france dur+ ! late w> are pretty well kn[n2 b x is said t aft] ! conflict 0 ov]1 & :5 ,france 0 9 ! ?roes ( its t]rible int]nec9e conflict1 he 0 ask$1 ,:at is y\r ,excell5cy's op9ion ( ! pres5t /ate ( ,france8 he repli$1 ,das i/ mit ganz wur/1 :i* is equival5t to ,i don't c>e two /raws ab\t x4#ab ,h[ are m5 ( ?is /amp to be affect$ by any exclamations ( pleasure or pa98 ,if on ! contr>y x is ! voice ( reprobation :i* !y he>1 & if 9 _! case ! say+ vox populi vox ,dei is felt to h its full application1 !re is !n a public op9ion express$ :i* is calculat$ to /rike ! consci5ce & inspire t]ror1 & t is q ano!r matt]4 #ab ,neue ,freie ,presse ( ,vi5na4 ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 ,may #d1 #ahga4 ,de ,tocqueville1 f 8 own po9t ( view1 puts ! argum5t 9 fav\r ( natural ju/ice v =cibly1 & 9 a c]ta9 con/ruction w\ld express ! id5tical tru? = :i* ,i cont5d4 ,i hold x to be an impi\s & an execrable maxim t1 politically speak+1 a p has a "r to d :atev] x pleases2 & yet ,i h ass]t$ t all au?ority orig9ates 9 ! w ( ! majority4 ,am ,i1 !n1 9 contradiction ) myself8 ,a g5]al law :i* be>s ! "n ( ,ju/ice has be5 made & sanction$1 n only by a majority ( ?is or t p1 b by a majority ( mank9d4 ,! rights ( e p are consequ5tly conf9$ )9 ! limits ( :at is j4 ,a nation may be consid]$ 9 ! light ( a jury :i* is emp[]$ to repres5t society at l>ge1 & to apply ! great g5]al law ( ju/ice4 ,ought su* a jury1 :i* repres5ts society1 to h m p[] ?an ! society 9 :i* ! laws x applies orig9ate4--,m4 de ,tocqueville's ,democracy 9 ,am]ica1 ii4 #aea4 ,al?\gh ,m4 de ,tocqueville's view does n g to ! full l5g? ( ! argum5t1 /ill1 reg>d$ 9 ?is light1 ! voice ( ! majority ( mank9d1 or ( any l>ge masses ( mank9d1 has a v diff]5t significance f :at x be>s 9 ! writ+s ( ,b5?am4 ,let u n[ consid] ! doctr9es ( ,b5?am 9 _! m rec5t exposition4 ,! ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 ,oct4 #f1 #ahgj1 says3-- ,laws h be5 describ$ z def9itions ( pre-exi/+ rights1 relations betwe5 man & man1 reflections ( div9e ord9ances1 any?+ b :at !y really are1--=ms ( organis$ con/ra9t4 ,x says little = ! assum$ cle>-head$ness ( ,engli%m51 t !y h v g5]ally pref]r$ ! ornate j>gon ( ,hook]1 to ! accurate & intelligible acc\nt ( law & gov]nm5t :i* =ms ! basis ( ,b5?am's juridical sy/em4 ,x says mu*1 h[ev]1 = _! /rong political s5se & sagacity4 ,if ?is is ! true & only description ( law1 x is tantam\nt to say+ t law is =ce & =ce is law2 9 o!r words1 t ! comm&s ( a legitimate gov]nm5t ne$ n be reg>d$ :5 x is weak1 b t ! enactm5ts ( p[] mu/ always be obey$1 h[ev] x is acquir$1 & :e!r its decrees are 9 accordance ) "r or contr>y to ju/ice4 ,x is a ready ju/ification = tyranny1 equally sanction+ ! lettres de ca*et ( ! anci5t regime1 & ! proscriptions ( ! ,conv5tion1 equally at h& = ! ,national ,assembly at ,v]sailles1 or = ! ,commune at ,p>is4 ,b h[ev] mu* x may be disguis$1 x is ! only alt]native def9ition ( law1 :5 once y say t law is n ( div9e ord9ance & tradition4 ,if no reg>d is to be _h to ! def9ition ( "r1 b ! t]m law is to be appli$ to any adequate act ( repression1 !re is 9 tru? no?+ b =ce4 ,yet :y %\ld =ce adequate to its purpose seek to cloak itself 9 ! =ms ( law8 ,i suppose ! "q mu/ h be5 put & answ]$ be=e2 b ! answ] c only be because law is felt to import a totally diff]5t set ( ideas f =ce4 ,x is necess>y1 m especially n[ t ! utilit>ian !ory is dom9ant1 to ent] a prote/ accord+ to ! turn ! argum5t may take1 b 9 ! end no?+ m c be said ?an 0 said by ,cic]o 9 ! c5tury be=e our ,"l3-- ,e/ enim unum jus1 quo dev9cta e/ hom9um societas1 et quod lex con/ituit una2 qu lex e/ recta ratio imp]&i atque prohib5di3 quam qui ignorat is e/ inju/us1 sive e/ illa scripta uspiam1 sive nusquam4 ,quod si ju/itia e/ obtemp]atio scriptis legibus in/itutisque populorum1 et si1 ut iidem dicunt utilitate omnia meti5da sunt1 negliget leges1 easque p]rumpit1 si pot]it1 is1 qui sibi eam rem fructuosam putabit =e4 ,ita fit1 ut nulla sit omn9o ju/itia2 si neque natur e/1 eaque propt] utilitatem con/ituitur1 utilitate alia convellitur4--,de ,legibus1 i4 #ae4 ,x is only ^u ?is con/ruction t ! ,law ( ,nations c be said to exi/1 z !re is no sup]ord9ate au?ority to en=ce x4 ,x is accord+ly ass]t$ t ! law ( nations is n really law4 ,b is n ?is only :5 x is reg>d$ f ! po9t ( view ( organis$ con/ra9t8#ac ,if x is reg>d$ z a div9e ord9ance1 or ev5 z "u ! div9e sanction1 !n x is law 9 a mu* high] degree ?an simple int]nal or municipal law1 = x m imm$iately & directly dep5ds ^u ?is sanction2 & h5ce nations may m confid5tly appeal to heav5 = ! r$ress ( wrong "h bel[ ?an individuals--see+ t1 z ,bossuet some:]e says1 ,god rew>ds & *a/ises nations 9 ?is _w1 s9ce x is n accord+ to ,8 div9e disp5sation to rew>d !m corporately 9 ! next4 #ac ,utiles esse autem op9iones has quis neget1 quum intelligat quam multa firm5tur jure jur&o1 quant salutis s9t foed]um religiones8 quam multos div9i supplicii metus a scel]e revocav]it8 quamque sancta sit societas civium int] ipsos diis immortalibus int]positis tum judicibus tum te/ibus8--,cic]o1 ,de ,legibus1 ii4 #g4 ,m rec5tly1 h[ev]1 ! extraord9>y successes & subv]sions :i* we h witness$ dur+ ?is la/ ye>1 h br\ght ! ,pall ,mall ,gazette face to face ) problems press+ = imm$iate & anxi\s settlem5t2 & 9 a s]ies ( articles x has discuss$ ! "q ( ! law ( nations ) mu* dep? & e>ne/ness4 ,i !re obs]ve phrases :i* ,i c h>dly di/+ui% f ^? ,i h j employ$4 ,combat+ ,mr ,mill's view1 ! writ] says3-- ,nobody kn[s bett] ?an he t ,int]national ,law is n really law1 & :y x is n law2 b he seems to h jump$ to ! conclusion t x is !re=e ! same ?+ z morality4444 ,!re _c1 9 tru?1 be any clos] analogy ?an t :i* we drew ! o!r day betwe5 ! law ( nations & ! law ( hon\r1 & betwe5 public w> & private duell+4 ,?is is ^u an assumption t !re is no?+ ess5tially immoral 9 ! code ( hon\r1 z to a great ext5t x co9cid$ ) morality4 ,b x diff]$ f simple morality 9 t its precepts 7 en=c$1 n by g5]al disapprobation1 b by a *all5ge to ! (f5d] by anybody :o suppos$ himself to be aggriev$ by ! (f5ce4 ,! possible result always 01 t ! *ampion ( ! law might himself be %ot1 & ?is 0 ! weakness ( ! sy/em4 ,b ?is is exactly ! weakness ( int]national law1 & ! orig9al idea at ! basis bo? ( public w> & ( private duell+ 0 precisely ! same1--t ,god ,almighty someh[ int]pos$ 9 fav\r ( ! combatant :o _h ! ju/] cause4 ,!re is cle> hi/orical evid5ce t ! feuds :i* became duels 7 suppos$ to be f\ght out "u div9e sup]vision1 j z battles 7 believ$ to be decid$ by ! ,god ( battles4 ,i believe t if hi/ory c\ld be re-writt5 f ?is po9t ( view t _m />tl+ revelations w\ld be br\ght to light4 ,x is ) reluctance t ,i turn f ! po9ts ^u :i* ,i approa* to agreem5t ) ! writ]1 to ^? ^u :i* we fundam5tally diff]4 ,& "h ,i mu/ rem>k1 t ! accurate & intelligible acc\nt ( law & gov]nm5t :i* =ms ! basis ( ,b5?am's juridical sy/em#ad 7supra1 p4 #i71 is n di/+ui%able f1 & 9 any case ultimately dep5ds ^u1 8 !ory ( utility z a f\ndation1 or1 z 8 lat] disciples say1 a /&>d ( morals4 ,su* a /&>d is ! negation ( all morality2 & if x ev] came to /& alone e notion ( morals w\ld be oblit]at$1 because1 be+ op5 to e int]pretation1 & incapable ( supply+ any def9ite rule itself1 x w\ld abrogate e o!r1 & "u a plausible =m ab&on mank9d to its lu/s & passions4 #ad ,f utility1 !n1 we may d5om9ate a pr9ciple t may s]ve to preside ov] & gov]n1 z x 71 su* arrangem5ts z %all be made ( ! sev]al in/itutions1 or comb9ations ( in/itutions1 t compose ! matt] ( ?is sci5ce4 ,b5?am's ,fragm5t on ,gov]nm5t1 xliii41 & at p4 #de1 ! pr9ciple ( utility is decl>$ all-suffici5t1 444 t pr9ciple :i* furni%es u ) t reason1 :i* alone dep5ds n ^u any high] reason1 b :i* is itself ! sole & all-suffici5t reason = e po9t ( practice :atsoev]4 ,9 ! ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 ,april #ab1 #ahga1 an article entitl$ ,mr ,d>w9 on ,consci5ce1 discusses ,b5?amism ) ref]5ce to ,d>w9ism4 ,!re is a fitness 9 ?is :i* does n imm$iately appe>4 ,! writ] says3-- ,:at is call$ ! "q ( ! moral s5se is really two3 h[ ! moral faculty is acquir$1 & h[ x is regulat$4 ,:y d we obey consci5ce or feel pa9 9 disobey+ x8 ,& :y does consci5ce prescribe "o k9d ( actions & condemn ano!r k9d8 ,to put x m te*nically1 !re is ! "q ( ! subjective exi/5ce ( consci5ce1 & !re is ! "q ( its objective prescriptions4 ,i w avail myself ( ?is di/9ction1 &1 sett+ aside ! que/ions ref]r+ to ! subjective exi/5ce ( consci5ce1 ,i w ask att5tion only to its objective prescriptions4 ,assum+1 !n1 ! op]ations ( consci5ce 9 ! individual man1 !re w necess>ily also h be5 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory "s outw>d expression ( ?is inw>d feel+ 9 maxims1 precepts1 & laws1 if n also rem9isc5ces ( primeval revelations & div9e comm&s4 ,x w be true1 !re=e1 to say1 )\t t\*+ ! deep] "q ( ! f\ndation ( morals1 t !re has be5 a tradition ( morals :i* _c b h _h its influ5ce 9 all ages ^u ! social feel+s 9 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 x w always be necess>y to lay ! basis ( consci5ce4 ,n[ is ?is tradition ( morals id5tical ) utilit>ian precept8 ,if ! tradition ( morals is id5tical ) ! greate/ happ9ess pr9ciple1 !n t pr9ciple 0 no discov]y ( ,b5?am's1#ae nei!r c ,b5?amism be reg>d$ z ! new application ( an old pr9ciple4 ,b5?am 9 t case simply in=m$ mank9d t !y _h be5 talk+ prose all _! lives )\t kn[+ x6 ,b5?amism1 h[ev]1 9 po9t ( fact1 is felt z a new pr9ciple precisely 9 s f> z x disc>ds ! old morality4 ,! "q :i* ,i ask is1 h[ does x acc\nt = ^! old notions ( morality obta9+ among mank9d8 ,h[ is x t mank9d has s long & s p]si/5tly1 bo? 9 _! notion ( :at 0 good & _! s5se ( :at 0 evil1 dep>t$ f ! l9e ( _! true int]e/s1 z disclos$ 9 ! utilit>ian philosophy8 ,if ! hi/ory ( man is :at ! ,scriptures tell u x 01 ! mann] 9 :i* ?is has come ab\t is suffici5tly expla9$2 & !re is no my/]y z to ! notion ( s91 ! necessity ( expiation1 ! re/ra9ts & limitations ( natural desires1 ! excell5ce ( contemplation1 & ! obligation ( sacrifices & pray]s4 ,n[1 if ! hi/ory ( mank9d is n to be invok$ 9 explanation1 x is difficult to see h[ ^! notions %\ld n conflict ) any !ory & plan ( life bas$ on a pr9ciple ( utility4#af ,x is n unnatural1 !re=e1 t ! utilit>ians %\ld turn to ,d>w9ism & o!r su* k9dr$ sy/ems = ! solution ( _! difficulties4 #ae ,b5?am speaks ( 8 enunciation ( ! greate/ happ9ess pr9ciple 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3--,?r\gh\t ! :ole horizon ( morals & ( politics1 ! consequ5ces 7 glori\s & va/4 ,x might be said )\t dang] ( exagg]ation1 t !y :o sat 9 d>kness _h se5 a great light4 ,) ref]5ce to ?is ,"l ,macaulay says1 ,we blam$ ! utilit>ians = claim+ ! cr$it ( a discov]y1 :5 !y _h m]ely /ol5 t morality 7! morality ( ! gospel7 & spoil$ x 9 ! /eal+4 ,!y h tak5 ! precept ( ,*ri/ & left ! motive1 & !y dem& ! praise ( a mo/ wond]ful & b5eficial inv5tion1 :5 all !y h done has be5 to make a mo/ useful maxim useless by sep>at+ x f its sanction4 ,on religi\s pr9ciples x is true t e individual w be/ promote 8 own happ9ess by promot+ ! happ9ess ( o!rs4 ,b if religi\s consid]ations be left out ( ! "q x is n true4 ,if we d n reason on ! supposition ( a future /ate1 :]e is ! motive8 ,if we d reason on t supposition1 :]e is ! discov]y8--,vide ,"l ,macaulay's ,essays on ,we/m9/] ,review]'s ,def5ce ( ,mill1 & ,! ,utilit>ian ,!ory ( ,gov]nm5t 9 ,"l ,macaulay's ,miscellane\s ,writ+s4 #af ,!re 0 a way 9 :i* ! argum5t 0 =m]ly /at$ by utilit>ians :i* 0 mu* m plausible1 b :i* ,i obs]ve is n[ seldom if ev] resort$ to by ! mod]n expon5ts ( ?is !ory4 ,! ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 ,april #ab1 #ahga1 says3 ,! n[ prevail+ doctr9e t !re is no absolute /&>d ( "r & wrong1 b t ! "r & wrong ( an action or a motive dep5d ^u ! influ5ce ( ! action1 or ! motive ^u ! g5]al good4 ,! argum5t to :i* ,i ref] is ?us /at$ by ,mr ,w4 ,o4 ,mann+ 9 8 ,comm5t>ies on ! ,law ( ,nations1 #ahci3--;,ev]y?+ ar\nd u proves t ,god design$ ! happ9ess ( ,8 creatures4 ,x is ! w ( ,god t man %\ld be happy4 ,to asc]ta9 ! w ( ,god reg>d+ any action1 we h1 !re=e1 to consid] ! t5d5cy ( t action to promote or dim9i% human happ9ess1 p4 #ei4 ,x is p]fectly true t man 0 creat$ by ,god = happ9ess1 & t ultimate happ9ess1 if he does n =feit x1 is ! end to :i* he is /ill de/9$4 ,x is moreov] true t ev5 9 ?is _w he may enjoy a conditional & comp>ative happ9ess4 ,h[ x is t ?is happ9ess _c be complete & p]fect "h bel[ is precisely ! secret :i* tradition reveals to him4 ,x is important1 f ! po9t ( view ( happ9ess1 bo? = individuals & nations1 t ! tru? ( ?is revelation %\ld be asc]ta9$1 & t ! conditions & limitations )9 :i* happ9ess is possible %\ld be kn[n1 o!rwise life w be consum$ 9 *im]ical pursuits ( ! unatta9able1 & 9 ! case ( nations w be c]ta9 to end1 at "s "t or ano!r1 9 cata/rophes su* z we h rec5tly witness$ 9 ,p>is4 ,9 an enl>g$ s5se x is !re=e true to say t ! div9e w has reg>d to utility2 b ! view has ?is impli$ condition1 t :at we reg>d z utility %\ld 9 ! fir/ place be con=mable to :at is directly or indirectly kn[n to be ! div9e precept & comm&2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 if no adv]t5ce is made to revelation or ! tradition ( ! human race1 :at is call$ utility1 h[ev] l>ge & dis9t]e/$ ! speculation may be1 x c nev] be m ?an ! view ( an individual or ( a section ( mank9d1 :i* x is highly probable t o!r individuals & sections ( mank9d1 look+ at ! same facts1 f a diff]5t po9t ( view1 w see reason to contradict4 ,! ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 ,april #ab1 #ahga1 says3-- ,betwe5 ,mr ,d>w9 & utilit>ians1 z utilit>ians1 !re is no su* qu>rel z he w\ld appe> to suppose4 ,! n>r[e/ utilit>ian c\ld say little m ?an ,mr ,d>w9 says 7ii4 #cic73--';,z all m5 desire _! own happ9ess1 praise or blame is be/[$ on actions & motives accord+ z !y t5d to ?is end2 & z happ9ess is an ess5tial "p ( ! g5]al good1 ! greate/ happ9ess pr9ciple indirectly s]ves z a ne>ly safe /&>d ( "r & wrong4' ,n[1 !re is no?+ 9 ?is reit]ation ( ,b5?amism :i* has n be5 ?rice refut$ by ,"l ,macaulay 9 ! ,essays above ref]r$ to4 ,i app5d an extract m exactly to ! po9t4#ag #ag ,if ! magnific5t pr9ciple is ?us /at$1 mank9d ought to pursue _! greate/ happ9ess1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t !re are p]sons ^: int]e/s are oppos$ to ! greate/ happ9ess ( mank9d4 ,"l ,macaulay's oppon5t replies1 ought is n pr$icable ( su* p]sons2 = ! ^w ought has no mean+ unless x be us$ 9 ref]5ce to "s int]e/4 ,"l ,macaulay repli$1 t int]e/ 0 synonym\s ) greate/ happ9ess2 & t1 !re=e1 ,,if ! ^w ought has no mean+ unless us$ ) ref]5ce to int]e/1 !n1 to say t mank9d ought to pursue _! greate/ happ9ess1 is simply to say t ! greate/ happ9ess is ! greate/ happ9ess2 t e individual pursues 8 own happ9ess2 t ei!r :at he ?9ks 8 happ9ess mu/ co9cide ) ! greate/ happ9ess ( society or n2 t if :at he ?9ks 8 happ9ess co9cides ) ! greate/ happ9ess ( society1 he w attempt to promote ! greate/ happ9ess ( society :e!r he ev] he>d ( ! greate/ happ9ess pr9ciple or n2 & t1 by ! admission ( ! ,we/m9/] ,review]1 ,,if 8 happ9ess is inconsi/5t ) ! greate/ happ9ess ( society1 !re is no reason :y he %\ld promote ! greate/ happ9ess ( society4 ,n[1 t !re are individuals :o ?9k t = _! happ9ess :i* is n = ! greate/ happ9ess ( society1 is evid5t4444 ,! "q is n :e!r m5 h "s motives = promot+ ! greate/ happ9ess1 b :e!r ! /rong] motives be ^? :i* impel !m to promote ! greate/ happ9ess4--,"l ,macaulay's ,miscellane\s ,writ+s1 ,utilit>ian ,!ory ( ,gov]nm5t1 pp4 #agg-i4 ,i ref] to x because x w be int]e/+ to see h[ ! argum5t looks 9 its application to ,d>w9ism4 ,x w be se5 t if ! conditions ( unlimit$ enjoym5t any:]e exi/$1 ,"l ,macaulay's /rictures w\ld lose some?+ ( _! =ce4 ,if1 inde$1 !re 0 sup]abundance & sup]fluity ( ev]y?+ = all 9 ?is life1 !n any?+ :i* conduces to ! satisfaction ( ! individual w\ld add to1 or at lea/ w\ld n detract f1 ! sum ( happ9ess ( all mank9d4 ,b unless y c %[ ?is--if ev5 ! rev]se ( ?is is ! tru?--!n ! greate/ happ9ess w be 9 proportion to ! self-abnegation ( ^? :o possess m1 or h ! greate/ faculties or facilities ( produc+ m4 ,n[1 if !re is "o view m prom95t ?an ano!r 9 ,mr ,d>w9's "w1 x is embodi$ 9 ! phrase to :i* he has giv5 a new s5se & significance1 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is /ruggle = exi/5ce1 :at is !re 9 ! greate/ happ9ess pr9ciple to b9d ! individual to abnegation8 ,:y %\ld he po/pone 8 c]ta9 & imm$iate gratification to ! remote advantage ( o!rs1 or ( di/ant & cont+5t advantage to himself8 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he reg>ds ! transitor9ess ( ! enjoym5t1 & balances x aga9/ ! fixity & et]nity ( ! consequ5ces1 ! argum5t takes altoge!r diff]5t proportions1 & ! temptation to enjoym5t is inv]sely to ! int5sity ( ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,i w take ano!r te/ ( ,b5?amism by ,d>w9ism1 :i* w m exactly br+ out ! argum5t = :i* ,i cont5d4 ,we h a traditional horror ( infanticide :i* revolts all our be/ feel+s & %ocks our pr9ciples4 ,b if ,mr ,d>w9 has demon/rat$ ?is /ruggle = exi/5ce exi/+ f all "t2 if also we are disemb>rass$ f all adv]t5ce to ano!r _w2 if1 fur!r1 ,mr ,mal?us1 be=e ,mr ,d>w91 has %[n reason to believe t ov]-population is ! cause ( half ! evils ( ?is life1 :at is !re 9 ,b5?amite pr9ciples :i* %\ld prev5t our sacrific+ ^! unconsci\s innoc5ts to ! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]8 ,no?+1 except ! horror we %\ld excite among mank9d /ill imbu$ ) ! old sup]/itions6 ,a p]son :o did n hold to ,mr ,mal?us' views might demur2 b a ,mal?usian1 :o 0 also a disciple ( ,mr ,b5?am1 c\ld only hold back because 8 feel+s 7 bett] ?an 8 pr9ciples4 ,a disciple ( ,mr ,d>w9's w\ld probably /& alo(1 & w\ld m]ely see 9 our notions an artificial int]f]5ce ) ! work+ ( 8 !ory1 prev5t+ ! /ruggle = exi/5ce go+ on accord+ to natural laws4 ,?is seems to me to be almo/ said 9 ! same article f ! ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 f :i* ,i h quot$4 ,mr ,d>w91 9 8 ,orig9 ( ,species 7p4 #bdi71 has po9t$ out t we ought to admire ! savage in/9ct :i* leads ! que5-bee to de/roy h] "y daught]s z soon z born1 because ?is is = ! good ( ! community4 ,& 9 8 new book he says1 firmly & unmi/akably 7i4 #gc71 t if m5 7 re>$ "u precisely ! same conditions z hive-bees1 !re c h>dly be a d\bt t our unm>ri$ females w\ld1 l ! work]-bees1 ?9k x a sacr$ duty to kill _! bro!rs1 & mo!rs w\ld /rive to kill _! f]tile daught]s1 & no "o w\ld ?9k ( int]f]+4 ,! ,pall ,mall cont9ues-- ,if1 f "o po9t ( view1 ?is is apt to %ock a timor\s & unreflect+ m9d1 by ass]t+ t ! mo/ *]i%$ ( our affections might h be51 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 a vici\s piece ( self-indulg5ce1 & its place 9 ! scale ( morality tak5 by :at is n[ ! mo/ atroci\s k9d ( crime2 nev]!less1 f ano!r po9t ( view1 su* an ass]tion is z reassur+ z ! mo/ absolute ( morali/s c\ld desire1 = x is tantam\nt to say+ t ! f\ndations ( morality1 ! di/9ctions ( "r & wrong1 are deeply laid 9 ! v conditions ( social exi/5ce2 t !re is1 9 ! face ( ^! conditions1 a positive & def9ite diff]5ce betwe5 ! moral & ! immoral1 ! virtu\s & ! vici\s1 ! "r & ! wrong1 9 ! actions ( individuals p>tak+ ( t social exi/5ce4 ,?is is v well4 ,x is s n[1 because ( ! traditional s5tim5ts & pr9ciples :i* /ill reta9 _! =ce--b h[ long w x cont9ue8 ,i invite att5tion to ! foll[+ passage f ,mr ,hepwor? ,dixon's ,new ,am]ica 7vol4 i4 p4 #cab1 #f? edition71 :i* ,i mu/ say /ruck me v =cibly :5 ,i read x4 ,he n>rates a conv]sation :i* he _h ) ,brigham ,"y on ! subject ( ince/3--,speak+ = himself1 n = ! *ur*1 he 7,brigham ,"y7 said he saw none at all 7i4e4 no objection at all74 ,he add$1 h[ev]1 t he w\ld n d x himself1--'my prejudices prev5t me4' ,^u :i* ,mr ,hepwor? ,dixon obs]ves-- ,?is remnant ( an old feel+ br\ght f ! ,g5tile _w1 & ?is alone1 w\ld seem to prev5t ! sa9ts 7,mormons7 f ru%+ into ! high] =ms ( ince/4 ,h[ long w ^! ,g5tile s5tim5ts rema9 9 =ce8 ',y w f9d "h1' said eld] ,/5h\se to me1 talk+ on ano!r subject1 'polygami/s ( ! ?ird g5]ation4 ,:5 ^! boys & girls gr[ up & m>ry1 y w h 9 ^! valleys ! true feel+ ( patri>*al life4 ,! old _w is ab\t u yet1 & we are always ?9k+ ( :at p may say 9 ! ,scotti% hills & ! ,midl& %ires4' ,"h1 & 9 ! previ\s extract1 we seem to cat* glimpses ( :at ! morality ( ! future is likely to be1 at any rate 9 su* matt]s z infanticide & ince/1 if old notions are to be disc>d$1 & m5 are left1 9 ea* g5]ation1 to no high] rule ?an _! own individual calculation z to pleasure & pa91 or to ! prevail+ s5se or det]m9ation ( ! community z to :at ! conditions ( utility may p]mit4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury is n[ v]g+ on its decl9e1 & ( x1 too1 may we say t x has be5 bett] ?an its pr9ciples4 ,yet1 9 spite ( its philan?ropy1 & its aspirations = good1 ! de/ructive pr9ciples :i* x has nurs$ are rapidly ga9+ on its in/9cts3 & if we may n truly at ?is mom5t pa9t its glories1 z !y h be5 depict$1 ,i ?9k by ,alex&re ,dumas1 z ! liv]y ( h]oism1 turn$ up ) assass9ation & ince/1 is ! "t v remote :5 ! description w apply8 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nature4 ,b und]ly+ ! "q ( ! law ( nations1 & det]m9+ x1 is ! "q :e!r or n !re is a law ( nature--a rule ( "r & wrong1 indep5d5t (1 & ant]ior to1 positive legislative or int]national enactm5t4 ,to prev5t misconception1 h[ev]1 z to ! scope ( ! inquiry1 x is z well t ,i %\ld /ate t ,i am only reg>d+ ! law ( nature z ! law ( consci5ce 7by :i* ! ,g5tiles 7 a law unto !mselves1 ,rom4 ii4 #ad71 9 s f> z x has manife/$ itself 9 laws & maxims2 & ! "q ,i am "h conc]n$ ) is1 :e!r 9 any s5se :i* hi/ory c take cognizance (1 !re 0 a rule ( "r & wrong previ\s to legislative enactm5t8 ,at ! fir/ glance1 ! "q w\ld seem suffici5tly dispos$ ( by say+ t m5 nev] 7 9 a /ate ( nature2 :i* is true 9 ?is s5se1 t mank9d nev] =m$ a multitude ( isolat$ individuals1 or a promiscu\s h]d ( m5 & wom54 ,a totally diff]5t solution supposes a /ate ( nature2 b :i*1 :e!r x depicts x z a gold5 age or an age ( b>b>ism1 /ill contemplates mank9d 9 ?is /ate z a m]e cong]ies ( individuals1 )\t law1 or else )\t ! necessity ( law--9 ei!r case an aggregate ( isolat$ individuals1 ev5tually to be br\ght into ! /ate ( civil society by a social compact4 ,n[ my int5tion is n to combat ?is view--:i* at ! pres5t mom5t may be consid]$ to be explod$--b to acc\nt = x4 ,i ?9k t ,i %all d some?+ t[>ds cle>+ up ?is my/]y by po9t+ out t ?is latt] solution1 al?\gh 9 great vogue ) ! publici/s ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 is trac$ beyond !m to ! classical times1 & 0 d]iv$ by !m ?r\gh ! tradition ( ! ,roman law f ,paganism4 ,a !ory ( ! lawy]s1 & a !ory ( ! philosoph]s1 concret$ ) a true b di/ort$ fact 9 tradition 9 ord] to produce ?is belief1 viz41 t society 0 f\nd$ by a contract among m5 :o 7 orig9ally equal4#ah #ah ,x w be se51 lat] on1 9 :at ?is view diff]s f ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e's4 ,i %all 9 a subsequ5t *apt] /ate to :at ext5t ,i believe x to be true t society 0 f\nd$ ^u a contract1 & also ! way 9 :i* ?is impression 0 confirm$1 f ! actual circum/ances ( ! =mation ( ! e>ly communities ( ,greece & ,italy2 & ,i %all !n exam9e ! true tradition1 su* z ,i believe x to be1 ( a /ate ( nature associat$ ) ! rem9isc5ce ( a gold5 age1 z contra/$ ) ! di/9ct yet p>allel tradition ( a /ate ( nature id5tifi$ ) a /ate ( b>b>ism 7vide *4 vii4 & *4 xiii47 ,?is latt] tradition ,i believe to h be5 a recollection ( t p]iod ( tempor>y privation aft] ! ,flood1 :5 mank9d clung to ! cav]ns & ! m\nta9s 7vide p4 #acg71 until1 incit$ by ! example ( ,noah1 !y 7 br\ght into ! pla9s1 & in/ruct$ 9 ! arts ( husb&ry by ! patri>*2 & ! notion ( ! primitive equality#ai ( condition ,i believe to h orig9at$ 9 ! ,bac*analian traditions ( ! same patri>*4#bj #ai ,9 all ! ,diluvian commemorative fe/ivals1 to :i* ,i %all draw att5tion 7*4 xi471 !re is "o day set ap>t = ! commemoration ( ?is primitive equality1 accompani$ ) ,bac*analian fe/ivities & c]emonials4 #bj ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e 7,anci5t ,law1 p4 #ie7 says1 ,l all o!r d$uctions f ! hypo!sis ( a law natural1 & l ! belief itself 9 a law ( nature1 x 0 languidly ass5t$ to1 until x pass$ out ( ! possession ( ! lawy]s into t ( ! lit]>y m5 ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! public :i* sat at _! feet4 ,) !m x became ! mo/ di/9ct t5et ( _! cre$1 & 0 ev5 reg>d$ z ! summ>y ( all ! o!rs4 ,if we />t ) a belief 9 ! primitive equality ( conditions1 ! only way out ( ! me% is app>5tly by a !ory ( a compact4 ,f ! ,roman law d[nw>ds1 says ,sir ,g4 ,c4 ,lewis1 !re has be5 a /rong t5d5cy among juri/s to d$uce recognis$ rights & obligations f a suppos$1 b non-exi/+ contract4 ,:5 an express contract exi/s1 ! legal rights & duties :i* x creates are 9 g5]al di/9ct & well-def9$4 ,h5ce1 9 cases :]e x is wi%$ t simil> legal consequ5ces %\ld be drawn1 :i* come )9 ! _s ( ! rules applicable to a contract1 ?\gh !y d n !mselves involve any contract1 ! lawy] cuts ! knot by say+ t a contract is presum$1 t !re is a contract by int5dm5t ( law1 t !re are c]ta9 rights & obligations quasi ex contractu4 ,?us ! ,roman law held t a gu>dian 0 b\nd to 8 w>d by a quasi contract4--,sir ,g4 ,c4 ,lewis1 ,on ! ,me?ods ( ,obs]vation1 c41 9 ,politics1 i4 #dbc2 ,on ! ,social ,compact1 pp4 #dbd-dca4 ,x is n difficult to see h[ su* a fiction ( ! law w\ld t5d to give %ape & sy/em to ! vague tradition z to ! fact among ! populace4 ,! way 9 :i* ! philosoph] came to 8 conclusion 0 some:at m complex4 ,x w h be5 se5 t ! notion ( ! /ate ( nature & ! social compact 01 among ! anci5ts1 9 ! ma91 a figm5t ( ! imag9ation1 & n a tradition4 ,b !re 0 also a tradition ( a law ( nature :i* did n at all correspond to a /ate ( lic5se1 ( equality1 & ( b>b>ism1 su* z ! /ate ( nature 0 conceiv$ to be4 ,x 01 on ! contr>y1 a law ( decorum & re/ra9t4 ,:at1 !n1 ! ,roman probably meant by ! law ( nature 0 a rem9isc5ce ( a primitive revelation1 or a tradition ( ! maxims ( "r & wrong by :i* m5 7 guid$ 9 _! relations to "o ano!r1 :5 fre% f ! h& ( ,god--a diis rec5tes--:5 family life /ill subsi/$1 & be=e m5 _h settl$ d[n into /ates & communities4 ,x 0 n a law ( nature z nature !n 01 b an aspiration aft] a lo/ rule ( life1 z aft] a high] /&>d1 & an attempt to trace x back1 ?r\gh ! corruption ( mank9d4 ,dim & unc]ta9 z ^! notions 71 !y 7 n )\t _! influ5ce4 ,b _! ideas z to ! cosmogony 7 m %ad[y /ill4 ,:51 !n1 9 reason+ f a law ( nature to a /ate ( nature1 mank9d discov]$ t !y knew or rememb]$ no?+ ( _! orig91 or ( ! hi/ory ( ! human race1 except indirectly ?r\gh leg5d>y lore1 !y !n _h rec\rse to ! philosoph]s4 ,^! latt] !n did :at philosoph]s incl9e to d 9 su* cases ( difficulty4 ,!y reg>d$ ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s1 & f9d+ x to be artificial1 !y1 by a process ( ab/raction1 resolv$ x into its elem5ts1 &1 hav+ ?us r$uc$ society into an assemblage ( individuals1 sub/itut$ _! la/ analysis = ! comm5cem5t ( all ?+s4 ,9 ?is analysis !y f\nd m51 :at hi/orically & 9 fact !y _h nev] be51 alike free1 equal1 & indep5d5t4 ,! !ory ( ! social compact among m5 individually free & equal 0 9 ! ma9 a fiction1 />t$ po/]iori to acc\nt = relations o!rwise obscure1 or1 z ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e expla9s1 to facilitate modifications :i* 7 felt to be desirable2 & we _c be a/oni%$ t ,paganism %\ld take ?is view1 unless we are prep>$ to believe t ! traditions truly embody+ ! hi/ory ( ! _w 7 m direct1 vivid1 & pot5tial ?an ,i suppose !m to h be54 ,x is at lea/ rem>kable1 t 9 proportion z m5 lose _! fai?1 !y fall back1 z if by "s necess>y law1 ^u "s !ory :i* directly or indirectly contemplates mank9d z a collection ( atoms2 & if ev] society %\ld lose aga9 ! hi/ory ( its orig91 z w\ld happ5 if ev] infidelity 7 to ga9 complete asc5dancy1 x w\ld return by ! same processes to ! same conclusion4 ,b h[ev] sceptical individual m9ds may become1 or h[ev] g5]al may be ! disposition to reject or ignore ! scriptural n>rative1 ! g5]al framework ( its /atem5ts is n[ too firmly emb$d$ 9 ! belief ( mank9d to be easily ov]?r[n4 ,! notion ( a social compact1 9 m rec5t times1 obta9$ a c]ta9 cr$5ce#ba s long z ! discussion 0 conf9$ to ,hobbes1 ,locke1 & _! disciples4 ,& x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ?is is a v tak+ !ory1 a ready & conv5i5t />t+ po9t1 & con=mable to mu* t is true 9 hi/ory & politics4 ,b x is long s9ce explod$2 & ev5 ! f]vid advocacy ( ,r\sseau1 9 an age peculi>ly pr$ispos$ = its reception1 c\ld n secure = x ev5 tempor>y recognition among mank9d2 & :y8 ,because1 :5ev] ! discussion cools1 m5 w inevitably ask ea* o!r ! "q1 ,if su* a compact took place1 :]e %all we locate x consi/5tly ) ! evid5ce record$ 9 ,g5esis8 ,remove ! evid5ce 9 ,g5esis1 & su* a !ory becomes at once a t5able & plausible conjecture4 #ba ,! e>li] advocates ( ! doctr9e ( ! social compact ma9ta9$ x on ! gr\nd ( its actual exi/5ce4 ,!y ass]t$ t ?is acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( political societies 0 hi/orically true4 ,?us ,locke1 c4--,sir ,g4 ,c4 ,lewis1 ,me?4 ( ,reason+ 9 ,pol4 i4 p4 #dbi4 ,z ,i %all h occasion1 lat] on1 to come into collision ) ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e ^u "s po9ts1 ,i h ! great] satisfaction "h 9 invok+ 8 te/imony4 ,?is acute & le>n$ writ] 7,anci5t ,law1 p4 #ij7 regrets t ! ,voltairean prejudices ( ! la/ c5tury prev5t$ ref]5ce to ! only primitive records wor? /udy+--! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,jews#bb4444 ,"o ( ! few *>act]i/ics :i* ! s*ool ( ,r\sseau _h 9 common ) ! s*ool ( ,voltaire 0 an utt] disda9 ( all religi\s antiquities1 & m ?an all ( ^? ( ! ,hebrew race4 ,x is well kn[n t x 0 a po9t ( hon\r ) ! reason]s ( t day to assume1 n m]ely t ! in/itutions call$ aft] ,moses 7 n div9ely dictat$1 444 b t !y & ! entire ,p5tateu* 7 a gratuit\s =g]y execut$ aft] ! return f ! ,captivity4 ,deb>r$1 !re=e1 f "o *ief security aga9/ speculative delusion1 ! philosoph]s ( ,france1 9 _! eag]ness to escape f :at !y deem$ a sup]/ition ( ! prie/s1 flung !mselves headlong into a sup]/ition ( ! lawy]s4 #bb ,! only reliable mat]ials :i* we possess1 besides ! ,p5tateu*1 = ! hi/ory ( ! p]iod :i* x embraces1 consi/ ( "s fragm5ts ( ,b]osus & ,mane?o1 an epitome ( ! e>ly ,egyptian hi/ory ( ! latt]1 a c]ta9 numb] ( ,egyptian & ,babylonian inscriptions1 & two or ?ree valuable papyri4--,rawl9son1 ,bampton ,lectures4 ,ox=d1 #ahei1 ii4 #ee4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,primitive ,,life4 ,! scriptural n>rative seems to e/abli%3--7#a47 ,t human society did n comm5ce ) ! =tuit\s concurr5ce ( individuals1 b t1 ?\gh orig9at+ ) a s+le pair1 = ! purposes ( practical inquiry x comm5ces ) a gr\p ( families--! family ( ,noah & 8 sons1 toge!r ) _! families1 & ^: disp]sion 9 o!r families is subsequ5tly record$4 7#b47 ,t m5 7 n primitively 9 a /ate ( savag]y1 b>b>ism1 & ignorance ( civil life2 b t1 on ! contr>y1 x is presumable t ,noah & 8 family br\ght ) !m out ( ! ark ! traditions & exp]i5ces ( two ?\s& ye>s1 &1 n to speak ( special revelations1 ! arts ( civil life & acqua9tance ) cities4 7#c47 ,t1 al?\gh ev]y?+ 9 ! e>ly /ate ( mank9d w\ld h l$ to disp]sion1 & al?\gh !re is m5tion ( "o great & complete disp]sion1 yet ?is disp]sion ( mank9d 0 a disp]sion ( families & n ( individuals4 ,9 all our speculations1 !re=e1 z to society & gov]nm5t1 x is ! family & n ! individual :om we mu/ reg>d z ! elem5t>y con/itu5t4 ,moreov]1 s long z family gov]nm5t suffic$1 !re 0 no?+ b ! family4 ,! /ate w\ld h exi/$ only 9 g]m 7vide infra1 p4 #cda71 & w\ld h rema9$ ?us in*oate ev5 dur+ t subsequ5t p]iod :5 families 7 affiliat$ 9 tribal connection1 ?\gh n yet coalesc$ into tribal union4 ,x is my impression1 t ! p]iod dur+ :i* family gov]nm5t suffic$1 cont9u$ mu* long] ?an is g5]ally suppos$2 =1 until ! _w became peopl$ & cr[d$1 ev]y?+ l$ to disp]sion & ! cont9uance ( ! pa/oral /ate ( life4 ,f ! necessities ( pa/oral life1 mank9d 9 e>ly times c\ld n h be5 greg>i\s--h]ds w\ld h become int]mix$1 keep w\ld h become %ort1 ! broad pla9s 7 spread out be=e !m2#bc e4g4 ,g54 *ap4 xiii4-- ,b ,lot also1 :o 0 ) ,abraham1 _h flocks ( %eep1 & h]ds & t5ts4 #f4 ,nei!r 0 ! l& able to be> !m1 t !y might dwell toge!r4 #g4 ,:]eupon !re arose a /rife betwe5 ! h]dsm5 ( ,abraham & ,lot2 & at t "t ! ,canaanite & ! ,p]izzite dwelt 9 t c\ntry4 #h4 ,abraham !re=e said1 ,let !re be no qu>rel4 #i4 ,behold ! :ole l& is be=e !e4#bd #bc ,i indicat$ ?is view 9 a pamphlet1 ,inviolability ( ,prop]ty by ! ,/ate1 by an ,engli% ,l&lord4 #ahff4 #bd ,aga9 ,esau & ,jacob sep>at$1 aft] ! dea? ( ! patri>* ,isaac1 because _! /ock 9 h]ds & flocks _h s increas$ t1 accord+ to ! scriptural phrase1 x 0 m ?an !y might dwell toge!r1 & fur!r1 ! l& w\ld n be> !m because ( _! cattle4--,g54 *ap1 xxxvi42 ,vide ,p9k]ton1 ,voy4 i4 #ebh4 ,writ+ ) ref]5ce to ! ,hamitic dyna/y1 f\nd$ at ,babylon by ,nimrod 7vide ,rawl9son1 ,anc4 ,mon471 & ! conque/s ( ,kudur-,lagam]1 id5tifi$ by ,rawl9son z ,*$or-,laom]1 ,mr ,brace adds 7,e?nology1 p4 #bh73--,?is at a p]iod1 z ,pr(essor ,rawl9son rem>ks1 :5 ! k+s ( ,egypt _h nev] v5tur$ beyond _! bord]s1 & :5 no mon>* 9 ,asia held dom9ion ov] m ?an a few petty tribes & a few hundr$ miles ( t]ritory4--,vide *4 xiii4 ,a ,gold5 ,age4 ,x is sc>cely to be believ$1 t 9 su* a /ate ( society !re w\ld h be5 feuds1 9 ! s5se ( inh]it$ or h]$it>y qu>rels1 b at mo/ cont5tions = p>ticul> localities2 9 :i* case ! weak] or ! discomfit$ p>ty w\ld h pu%$ on to o!r gr\nd4 ,!re 0 no long conte/1 because !re 0 no?+ wor? conte/+4 ,x has be5 notic$ t only ! highly civilis$ man1 & ! savage :o has ta/$ blood1 love fight+ = ! m]e sake & ard\r ( ! conflict4 ,! simple b>b>ian does n fight until he is attack$1 nei!r d ! wild animals ( ! des]t2 _! f]ocity is limit$ & regulat$ by ! necessity & ! provocation4 ,x is ! exception1 r ?an ! rule1 = animals to fight among !mselves4 ,x is n 9 ! nature ( man or bea/ to fight )\t a reason4 ,accord+ly1 !re is no su* fom5t] ( w> z w>4 ,c>v] notices t ! w>s c>ri$ on betwe5 ! ,indian nations are pr9cipally on motives ( rev5ge1 &1 :5 n on motives ( rev5ge1 _! reasons = go+ to w> are 9 g5]al m rational & j ?an su* z are f\ght by ,europeans1 c4--,c>v]'s ,travels 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 pp4 #cea1 #big4be #be ,su* seems1 at a comp>atively rec5t p]iod 7#agfb71 to h be5 ! /ate ( ?+s at a widely diff]5t po9t among ! ,samoides3--,! real spot :]e ! habitations ( ! ,samoides beg91--if any case be po9t$ out among a p :i* is cont9ually *ang+ resid5ce1--is 9 ! di/rict ( ,moz9e1 beyond ! riv] ( t "n1 ?ree or f\r hundr$ w]/s f ,ar*angel4 ,! colony1 :i* is actually met ) !re1 & :i* lives disp]s$ accord+ to ! usage ( ^? p1 ea* family by itself1 )\t =m+ villages & communities1 does n consi/ ( m ?an ?ree hundr$ families1 or !reab\ts1 :i* are all desc5d$ f two diff]5t tribes1 ! "o call$ ,laghe & ! o!r ,wanonte--di/9ctions c>efully reg>d$ by !m4--,vide ,p9k]ton1 ,voy4 i4 #ebd4 ,x is also said 7p4 #ehb7 ( c]ta9 moral obs]vances among/ !m 7vide infra1 p4 #aee73--;,all ^! cu/oms1 religi\sly obs]v$ among !m1 are no o!r ?an ! fruits ( tradition1 h&$ d[n to !m f _! ance/ors2 & ?is tradition1 ) "s reason1 may be look$ ^u z law4 ,x is a common idea among/ u t ! ^w home is a peculi>ly ,engli% ^w1 &1 ,i confess1 x 0 my own impression1 b ,i am set mus+ by f9d+ among ^! same ,samoides ! ^w *ome z _! ^w = _! t5ts1 to :i* !y cl+ s closely4--,vide ,p9k]ton1 i4 #fc4 ,i visit$ f\r o!r villages or g\ngs1 & !re may be z _m m 9 ,assam1 ea* conta9+ ab\t ?ree or f\r hundr$ p4 ,e community is "u ! patri>*al gov]nm5t ( a *ief1 f :om ! village takes its "n4444 ,! *iefs ( villages w\ld comb9e aga9/ a common enemy1 b are z indep5d5t ( ea* o!r z ! old ,highl& heads ( clans4444 ,i 0 curi\sly rem9d$ ( ! clan di/9ctions1 by obs]v+ t ! home-gr[n cotton clo?s diff]$ 9 patt]n 9 ! diff]5t villages4 ,9 all cases *equ]$ patt]ns 7 worn1 pres5t+ z v>i\s comb9ations ( col\rs & /ripes z our own t>tans1 & ea* village possess$ a patt]n peculi> to itself1 g5]ally1 ?\gh n univ]sally1 affect$ by ! inhabitants4--,travels 9 ,nor!rn ,assam1 ,field1 i41 #ahgj2 vide also ,hunt]'s ,rural ,b5gal1 #ahfh1 p4 #bag4 ,! same t5d5cies1 "u simil> circum/ances1 :]e ! tribes 7 n cr[d$ or 9 fe> ( w>like neighb\rs1 0 notic$ among ! ,r$ ,indians "s =ty ye>s ago4 ,n[1 ,i suppose1 in/ances w\ld be r>e4 ,:5 a nation ( ,indians becomes too num]\s conv5i5tly to procure subsi/5ce f its own hunt+-gr\nds1 x is no uncommon occurr5ce = x to s5d out a colony1 or1 9 o!r words1 to sep>ate into tribes4444 ,! tribe s sep>at$ ma9ta9s all its relations indep5d5t ( ! p>5t nation1 ?\gh ! mo/ fri5dly int]c\rse is commonly ma9ta9$1 & !y are almo/ uni=mly allies4 ,sep>ations sometimes take place f p>ty diss5sions1 gr[+ g5]ally out ( ! jeal\sies ( ! pr9cipal *iefs1 &1 n unfrequ5tly1 out ( petty qu>rels4 ,9 su* in/ances1 9 ord] to prev5t ! unnecess>y & wanton effusion ( blood1 & consequ5t enfeebl+ ( ! nation1 ! weak] p>ty moves (f usually )\t ! obs]vance ( mu* c]emony4#bf #bf ,hunt]'s ,memoir ( 8 ,captivity 7f *ildhood to ! age ( n9ete57 among ! ,indians1 p4 #ahj1 #aha4 ,he also adds 7p4 #cjg73--,! ,indians d n pret5d to any correct k ( ! tumuli or m\nds t are occasionally met ) 9 _! c\ntry4444 ,"o tradition ( ! ,quapaws /ates t a nation diff]+ v mu* f !mselves inhabit$ ! c\ntry _m hundr$ sn[s ago1 :5 game 0 s pl5ty t x requir$ only slight ef=ts to procure subsi/5ce1 & :5 !re exi/$ no ho/ile neighb\rs to r5d] ! pursuit ( w> necess>y4 ,& ,/eph5's ,c5tral ,am]ica 7i4 #adb7 notices ! abs5ce ( all weapons ( w> f ! repres5tations 9 sculpture at ,copan1 & says3--,9 o!r c\ntries1 battle sc5es1 w>riors1 & weapons ( w>1 are among ! mo/ prom95t subjects ( sculpture2 & f ! entire abs5ce ( !m "h1 !re is reason to believe t ! p 7 n w>like1 b peaceable1 & easily subdu$4 ,mr ,grote 9 8 ,plato#bg says-- ,!re exi/$1 ev5 9 8 7,plato's7 "t1 a great v>iety ( di/9ct communities--"s 9 ! simple/1 mo/ patri>*al1 cyclopian condition1 no?+ m ?an families2 "s highly advanc$ 9 civilisation1 ) its accompany+ good & evil1 "s 9 ea* int]m$iate /age betwe5 ^! two extremes4 ,ea* little family or sept exi/s at fir/ sep>ately1 ) a patri>* :om all implicitly obey1 & peculi> cu/oms ( its own4 ,sev]al ( ^! septs gradually coalesce toge!r into a community1 *oos+ "o or a few lawgiv]s to adju/ & modify _! respective cu/oms into h>moni\s ord]4#bh #bg ,,iii41 *4 xxxvii4 ,leges1 #ccg4 #bh ,i f9d incid5tal corroboration ( ?is view 9 ,! ,ar*ology ( ,prehi/oric ,annals ( ,scotl&1 by ,dr ,wilson--,! infancy ( all writt5 hi/ory is necess>ily involv$ 9 fable4 ,long ere scatt]$ families _h conjo9$ _! patri>*al unions into tribes1 & clans ackn[l$g+ "s common *ief1 & submitt+ _! diff]5ces to ! rude legislation ( ! ar*-prie/ or civil head ( ! commonweal?1 trea*]\s tradition has conv]t$ ! /ory ( _! bir? into ! wilde/ admixture ( my? & leg5d>y fable4--,introd41 p4 #ab4 ,ev5 9 ! pla9 ( ,s5na> 7,%9>7 we see some?+ ( ?is fusion ( tribes--,besides ^! two ma9 con/itu5ts ( ! ,*aldan race !re is reason to believe t bo? a ,semitic & ,aryan elem5t exi/$4444 ,! subjects ( ! e>ly k+s are cont9ually designat$ 9 ! inscriptions by ! title ( ',kiprat-arbat1' :i* is int]pret$ to mean '! f\r nations' or 'tongues' 7,rawl9son's ,anci5t ,mon>*ies1 i4 p4 #fi74 ,pr(essor ,rawl9son is also ( op9ion1 t ! league ( ! f\r k+s 9 ,abraham's "t seems correspond5t to a f\r-fold e?nic division4 ,does n ! above also correspond to ! f\r-fold e?nic division ( ! ,v$as8--,vide infra1 p4 #ci4 ,comp>e also ! f\r-fold division ( ! _w or ( ,p]u1 accord+ to v>i\s ,indian traditions1 betwe5 ,manco ,capac & 8 bro!rs4--,vide ,hakluyt ,society's edition ( ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 i4 #ga-ge4 ,if ^! are n traditions ( fusions ( races1 !y c only be diluvian traditions ( ! f\r c\ples :o came out ( ! ark1 :i* 0 ! conjecture ( ! ,spani>ds 9 ! case ( ,manco ,capac4 ,9 ! situations1 h[ev]1 :]e ! m p[]ful families _h seiz$ ! vantage-gr\nd1 or e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ! ri*e/ & mo/ covet$ valleys1 ! t5d5cy to consolidation & p]man5t settlem5t w\ld h m rapidly manife/$ itself4 ,z ! t5d5cy to family disp]sion became re/ra9$1 & its scope re/rict$1 disputes z to meum & tuum w\ld h become m frequ5t z betwe5 families1 "s m c5tral au?ority ?an ! family head%ip w\ld h be5 dem&$ = ! protection1 discrim9ation1 & regulation ( prop]ty4 ,9 ^! in/ances ! /ate may be said to h aris5 out ( ! expansion ( ! family into ! tribes--! families1 probably1 nev] hav+ ceas$ to dwell toge!r 9 semi-aggregation2 &1 :5 great] conc5tration 0 requir$1 !y simply _h to fall back ^u ! patri>*al *iefta94 ,we seem to see a tradition ( ?is 9 ! ,anax ,&ron4 ,b equally z reg>ds ! re/ !re mu/ inevitably h come a "t :51 z ! _w became cr[d$1 ! same necessity ( def5d+ _! possessions1 w\ld h caus$ families1 among :om !re 0 no aff9ity ( race1 to coalesce1 int]mix1 succumb1 & =m communities & /ates4 ,^! two modes ( settlem5t into communities & /ates 71 h[ev]1 ess5tially dissimil>1 & ! basis ?us laid w\ld h rema9$ p]man5tly diff]5t4 ,! "o 0 ! basis ( cu/om1 ! o!r ( contract2 ! "o ! settlem5t ( ! ,ea/1 ! o!r ( ! ,we/2 & x w be se51 ,i ?9k1 t :il/ ! "o 0 m fav\rable to ! cons]vation ( traditions ( religion & hi/ory1 ! o!r w\ld h bett] pres]v$ ! tradition ( "r4 ,^! are po9ts to :i* ,i %all return 9 a subsequ5t *apt]1 :5 ,i %all avail myself ( ! inve/igations ( ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e4 ,?is simple outl9e1 h[ev]1 ( human hi/ory1 con=mable1 z ,i believe x to be1 ) ! scriptural n>rative1 conflicts ) at lea/ ?ree !ories n[ mu* 9 vogue4 ,! fir/1 :i* is sub/antially t ( ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 ,mr ,mill1#bi & ,mr ,b4 ,g\ld1 is ?us conv5i5tly summ>is$ by ,mr ,hepwor? ,dixon4#cj ,e "o :o has read ! annals ( our race--a page ( nature ) its c\nt]foil 9 ! hi/ory ( ev]y?+ hav+ life--is aw>e t1 9 our progress f ! savage to ! civilis$ /ate1 man has _h to pass ?r\gh ?ree gr& /ages1 correspond+1 z x 71 to 8 *ildhood1 to 8 y\?1 & to 8 manhood4 ,9 ! fir/ /age ( 8 c>e] he is a hunt]1 liv+ ma9ly by ! *ase2 9 ! second1 he is a h]dsman2 444 9 ! ?ird /age1 he is a husb&man4444 ,!n ^! conditions ( human life may be consid]$ z f9d+ _! pure/ types 9 su* races z ! ,iroquois1 ! ,arabian1 ! ,go?ic1 9 _! pres5t /age2 b ea* condition is1 9 itself & = itself1 an affair ( developm5t & n ( race4 ,! ,arab1 :o is n[ a %eph]d1 0 once a hunt]4 ,! ,saxon1 :o is n[ a cultivator ( ! soil1 0 fir/ a hunt]1 !n a h]dsman1 be=e he became a husb&man4 ,man's progress f /age to /age is cont9u\s 9 its c\rse1 obey+ ! laws ( physical & moral *ange4 ,x is sl[1 x is uni=m1 x is sil5t1 x is unse54 ,9 "o ^w1 x is gr[?4444 ,^! ?ree /ages 9 our progress upw>d are /rongly m>k$2 ! int]val divid+ an ,iroquois f an ,arab be+ z wide z t :i* sep>ates an ,arab f a ,saxon4 #bi ,?is view w be f\nd 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,mr ,j4 ,s4 ,mill's ,pr9ciples ( ,political ,economy1 *4 i4 p4 #f4 ,!re is p]haps no p or community n[ exi/+ :i* subsi/ entirely on ! spontane\s produce ( vegetation4 ,:e!r mank9d ev] liv$ entirely on1 c41 may be que/ion$1 b x is impli$ 9 ,g54 ix4 #c t man did n subsi/ on animal food until aft] ! ,deluge1 a fact :i* lies at ! f\ndation ( ,porphyry's "w1 ,de ,ab/95tia4 ,b _m tribes /ill live exclusively1 or almo/ exclusively1 on wild animals1 ! produce ( hunt+ or fi%+4444 ,! fir/ great advance beyond ?is /ate consi/s 9 ! dome/ication ( ! m useful animals3 giv+ rise to ! ! pa/oral or nomad /ate4444 ,f ?is /ate ( society to ! agricultural1 ! transition is n inde$ easy 7= no great *ange 9 ! habits ( mank9d is o!rwise ?an difficult1 & 9 g5]al ei!r pa9ful or v sl[71 b x lies 9 :at may be call$ ! spontane\s c\rse ( ev5ts4 #cj ,mr ,hepwor? ,dixon's ,new ,am]ica1 vol4 i4 p4 #aac4 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 ,i mu/ rem>k t ! ,iroquois & ! ,arab h nev] progress$2#ca nei!r does ! ,arab at ! pres5t %[ any signs ( a transition to ! ?ird /age ( necess>y gr[?1 nor does ,mr ,hepwor? ,dixon1 al?\gh he gives "s s\nd practical advice z to ! be/ mode 9 :i* ! r$ man is to be re/ra9$1 v5ture to sugge/ any mode by :i* he is to be reclaim$ f ! fir/ to ! ?ird /age1 ei!r ) or )\t a transition ?r\gh ! second /age ( developm5t4 ,! conclusion !re=e1 "o w\ld ?9k1 w\ld be inevitable t x is an affair ( race & n ( developm5t4 ,! ,arab & ! ,iroquois1 aft] ! lapse ( s _m c5turies1 are /ill f\nd ) ! evid5ces ( primitive life /rong ^u !m2 & s1 ,i imag9e1 we %all f9d x :]ev] we come ^u a pure race ( homog5e\s orig94 ,on ! contr>y1 we %all f9d t mix$ races1 by ! v law & reason ( _! admixture1 h %[n ! greate/ adaptibility1 &1 :5ev] circum/ances 7 fav\rable1 v rapid gr[?4 ,aga91 ,i v mu* "q :e!r ! ?ree /ages1 or r ?ree phases ( life 7 ev]1 z a rule1 progressive2 & :e!r1 9 ! cases 9 :i* !y might *ance to h be5 successive1 any?+ occurr$ 9 ! transition at all resembl+ an uni=m law ( gr[?4 ,x is v mu* m probable t ! ?ree 7 f ! e>lie/ p]iod contemporane\s#cb--;& ,abel 0 a %eph]d1 & ,ca9 an husb&man 7,g54 iv47--! det]m9ation ( ! sons to ! avocations ( %eph]d1 husb&man1 & hunt] respectively 7! latt] mo/ probably be+ ! la/ select$71 be+ influ5c$ by ta/e1 "*1 & ! division ( ! inh]itance1 ! au?ority ( ! fa!r1 ! geographical conditions ( ! r\te1 & *ance circum/ances4 #ca ,vide ,sir ,s4 ,bak]2 vide note1 *4 xiii41 ,noah4 #cb ,! foll[+ passage1 int] alia1 f ,h]odotus seems to su/a9 ?is--,to ! ea/w>d ( ^? ,scy?ians1 :o apply !mselves to ! culture ( ! l&1 & on ! o!r side ( ! riv] ,panticapes1 ! c\ntry is inhabit$ by ,scy?ians :o nei!r pl\gh nor s[1 b are employ$ 9 keep+ cattle4--,h]od41 iv41 ,mel4 ,& ?is is ! m confirm$ :5 we consid] t :5 once ! hunt] />t$ on 8 c>e]1 he w\ld h det]m9$ _! avocation also = 8 po/]ity4 ,at 8 dea? he w\ld n h _h h]ds ( cattle to apportion to any "o ( 8 sons1 & ?us ! ta/e = wild life1 necess>ily p]petuat$1 w\ld be br$ 9 ! bone1 z an indomitable *>act]i/ic ( race1 & ! fir/ hunt] by *oice w\ld inevitably come to be ! prog5itor ( g5]ations ( hunt]s by in/9ct & necessity4 ,! second !ory depicts ! op5+ sc5e ( human exi/5ce z a /ate ( conflict1 :i*1 x mu/ be all[$1 is p]fectly consi/5t ) ! !ory t x 0 "o ( savag]y4 ,! !ory ,i am n[ combat+ 0 orig9ally ! !ory ( ,hobbes2 & ,i might h reg>d$ x z n[ obsolete1 7 x n t x has cropp$ up q rec5tly 9 a mo/ respectable qu>t]4 ,mr ,hunt]1 9 8 *>m+ "w1 ,! ,annals ( ,rural ,b5gal1 has a passage :i*1 z ,i ?9k1 has be5 tak5 = m ?an x int5ds1 ?\gh n = m ?an x expresses4 ,mr ,hunt] says1 p4 #hi-- ,! inquiry leads u back to t f>-(f "t :i* we love to associate ) patri>*al /illness4 ,yet ! e*oes ( anci5t life 9 ,india little resemble a ,sicilian idyl or ! /ra9s ( ,pan's pipe1 b /rike ! e> r z ! cries ( oppress$ & w&]+ nations1 ( p 9 con/ant motion & pa94 ,e>ly ,indian rese>*es1 h[ev]1 :ile !y make havoc ( ! pa/oral l&scapes ( ,g5esis & ,job1 h a consolation peculi>ly suit$ to ?is age4 ,!y pla9ly tell u1 t z 9 ,europe s 9 ,asia1 ! primitive /ate ( mank9d 0 a /ate ( unre/2 & t civilisation1 despite its exactions & n]v\s city life1 is a /ate ( repose4 ,x is pla9 t !re is "h "q ( re/lessness r ?an ( viol5ce2 b grant t !re 0 viol5ce too1 ! acc\nt ( ,mr4 ,hunt] :5 exam9$1 s f> f conflict+ )1 appe>s to me to fall exactly into1 ! l9es ,i h indicat$4 ,is n ! sc5e1 f be=e :i* ,mr4 ,hunt] lifts ! curta91 ! sc5e ( t age foll[+ ! disp]sion 7( :i*1 p4 #deb1 !re is su* di/9ct tradition 9 8 pages71 :i* is traditionally kn[n to u z ! iron age8 ,! error1 !n1 ( ,mr4 ,hunt] is to conf\nd ! patri>*al ) ! iron age4 ,x ne$ n !re=e cause surprise t 9 e>ly ,indian hi/ory we %\ld he> ( conflict1 = x is j at ! p]iod & "u ! circum/ances :5 we %\ld consid] ! collision probable4 ,mr4 ,hunt]1 inde$1 speaks ( ! aborig9al races z my/]i\s 9 _! orig94 ,b f ! po9t ( view ( ,g5esis1 !re seems to be no great] my/]y ab\t !m ?an ab\t _! conqu]ors ! ,aryans4 ,"o repres5tative1 at lea/1 ( ! aborig9al race1 ! ,santals1 reta9 to ?is day ! mo/ vivid traditions ( ! ,flood & ! ,disp]sion#cc 7pp4 #aea1 #deb74 ,n[1 if !re _h exi/$ any race ant]ior to ! ,santals1 ,i ?9k we %\ld h he>d ( !m4 ,on ?is po9t we may consid] ,mr4 ,hunt]'s negative te/imony z conclusive1 bo? on acc\nt ( 8 ext5sive k ( ! subject1 & 8 evid5t pr$isposition 7p4 #aji7 to h discov]$ a prior race1 if x _h exi/$2 & !re is no?+ to %[ t ! same l9e ( argum5t w\ld n h appli$ to x if its exi/5ce _h be5 demon/rat$4 ,x mu/ be m5tion$ t besides _! tradition ( ! disp]sion1 ! ,santals reta9 dim recollections--borne out by comp>ative evid5ce--( hav+ travell$ to _! pres5t homes f ! nor?-ea/1 :]eas ! ,aryans came unmi/akeably f ! nor?-we/4 #cc ,^! leg5ds1 %[n to be aborig9al1 are v curi\s4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 too long to be extract$ "h4 ,!y w\ld repay p]usal4 ,"h1 !n1 j z might h be5 pr$ict$ priori1 ^! rival curr5ts ( ! disp]sion met f opposite po9ts1 & ran into a cul de sac1 f :i*1 z !re 0 no egress1 !re necess>ily ensu$ a /ruggle = ma/]y4 ,let u n[ reg>d ! two p m closely4 ,our e>lie/ glimpses ( ! human family 9 ,india1 disclose two tribes ( widely diff]5t orig91 /ruggl+ = ! ma/]y4 ,9 ! primitive "t1 :i* lies on ! horizon ev5 ( inductive hi/ory1 a tall1 fair-complexion$ race pass$ ! ,himalaya4 ,!y came ( a conqu]+ /ock4 ,!y _h kn[n ! safety & ! pl5ty :i* c only be enjoy$ 9 regul> communities4#cd ,!y br\ght ) !m a /ore ( leg5ds & devotional /ra9s2 & *ief ( all !y 7 at ! "t ( _! migration s\?w>d ?r\gh ,b5gal1 if n at _! fir/ arrival 9 ,india1 imbu$ ) t high s5se ( nationality1 :i* burns 9 ! he>t ( a p :o believe !mselves ! deposit>y ( a div9e revelation4 ,!re is no record ( ! newcom]s' fir/ /ruggle = life ) ! p ( ! l&4--,hunt]'s ,annals1 p4 #ij4 ,"h we see ! m intellectual1 ! m spiritual 7p4 #aaf71 mono!i/ic 7p4 #aae7 ,aryan race ov]p[]+ ! black race :i* _h e>lie/ pre-occupi$ ! gr\nd1 & :i* 0 already ta9t$ ) demon wor%ip4 ,?is contra/ invites fur!r inquiry2 b fir/ let me cle> up & direct ! imm$iate drift ( my argum5t4 #cd ,mr ,max ,mll] also says 7,*ips1 ii4 p4 #da7--;,x %\ld be obs]v$ t mo/ ( ! t]ms connect$ ) ! *ase & w>f>e diff] 9 ea* ( ! ,aryan dialects1 :ile words connect$ ) m peaceful occupations belong1 g5]ally1 to ! common heirloom ( ! ,aryan language1 :i* proves t all ! ,aryan nations _h l$ a long life ( peace be=e !y sep>at$1 & t _! language acquir$ individuality & nationality1 z ea* colony />t$ 9 se>* ( new homes1--new g5]ations =m+ new t]ms connect$ ) ! w>like & adv5tur\s life ( _! onw>d migrations4 ,h5ce x is t n only ,greek & ,lat91 b all ,aryan languages h _! peaceful words 9 common4 ,also vide p4 #bh1 #bi4 ,if we e/imate--tak+ ! m9imum or ! maximum ei!r accord+ to ! ,hebrew or ,septuag9t v]sion--! "t x w\ld h tak5 ^! populations1 accord+ to ! sl[ progress ( ! disp]sion1 to h arriv$ at _! de/9ations f ! pla9 ( ,s5na> 7,mesopotamia71 ! p]iod may be equally conjectur$ to correspond ) t :i* tradition m>ks z ! comm5cem5t ( ! iron age1 :5 ! _w 0 becom+ ov]cr[d$1 & ! increas+ populations came into collision4 ,nei!r is x a difficulty1#ce x r appe>s to me 9 accordance ) tradition1 t if ?is surmise be correct1 ! e>lie/ arrival 9 ! ,indian ,p59sula %\ld h be5 ( ^? :o took ! longe/ r\te4 ,= x is natural to suppose t ! proscrib$ & weake/ races1 e4g4 ! ,canaaniti%1 w\ld h be5 ! fir/ to dep>t1 & to dep>t by ! nor?-ea/ & we/1 ! m p[]ful families hav+ pass$ d[n & clos$ ! s\?-ea/ exit by way ( ! l[] valleys ( ! ,euphrates4 ,^! latt] w\ld h spread !mselves out 9 ! direction ( ,india leisurely & at a subsequ5t p]iod4 #ce ,i f9d ?is conjecture confirm$ 9 ! pages ( ! mo/ rec5t au?ority on ! subject1 ,mr ,brace1 ,e?nology1 p4 #ac1 #ad--,on ! cont95t ( ,asia ! ,turanians 7 probably ! fir/ :o figur$ z nations 9 ! ante-hi/orical p]iod4 ,_! emigrations began long be=e ! w&]+s ( ! ,aryans & ,semites1 :o1 :]ev] !y w5t1 always discov]$ a previ\s population1 app>5tly ( ,turanian orig91 :i* !y ei!r expell$ or subdu$4 ,accord+ to ,max ,mll]'s hypo!sis !re 7 two migrations1 "o nor!rn & "o s\!rn correspond+ to ! migration z above1 ! latt] settl+ on ! riv]s ,meikong1 ,me9am1 ,irrawaddy1 & ,bramapootra1 444 a ?ird to ! s\? probably an advance ( ! previ\s "o1 is believ$ to t5d t[>d ,?ibet & ,india1 & 9 lat] times p\rs its hordes ?r\gh ! ,himalaya1 & =ms ! orig9al population ( ,india4 ,analogy may be discov]$ 9 ! two /reams or l9es ( ,celtic migration1 :i*1 says ,buns5 7,philosophy ( ,univ4 ,hi/4 i4 #adh7 we may di/+ui% by ! names ( ! ,we/]n & ,ea/]n /ream1 ! =m]1 al?\gh ! less direct1 seems to be hi/orically ! m anci5t1 & to h rea*$ ?is c\ntry 7,brita97 sev]al c5turies be=e ! o!r4 ,foll[+ ^! l9es ( migration1 ! ,aryan at "s p]iod came ^u ! black ,turanian race 7vide infra1 ,*ap4 v472 & ,mr ,hunt] 7p4 #aaj7 records ! embitt]$ feel+s ) :i* ! recollection ( ! /rife rema9$ 9 tradition4 ,:y %\ld ?is h be58 ,x might suffice to say1 9 consi/5cy ) :at has already be5 advanc$1 t ?is 0 _! fir/ enc\nt]1 ! fir/ *eck 9 _! advance4 ,ano!r solution seems to me equally ready to h&1 & to solve s mu* m4 ,b fir/1 h[ does ,mr ,hunt] acc\nt = ?is bitt] feel+8 ,he sugge/s contempt = _! unc\? talk1 _! gross habits ( eat+1 &1 :at comes ne> to ! tru?1 z ,i appreh5d x1 _! blackness & _! paganism4 ,suppose1 !n1 we g a /ep fur!r1 & say t ! highly intellectual ,japhetic race met ?us sudd5ly & unexpect$ly ! outca/ ,canaaniti% race1 ) ! curse ^u !m1 recognisable 9 _! col\r & defici5cies1 & ( :om !y w\ld h rememb]$ t x _h be5 said1 t !y %\ld be ! s]vants ( _! bre?r5--w n ?is expla9 some?+ ( _! animosity8 ,i mu/ "h rem>k t al?\gh sci5tific inquiry takes designations ( its own1 9 ord] ! m conv5i5tly to express its di/9ctions1 yet :e!r we accept ! e?nological or philological dem>cations ( mank9d1 x is curi\s h[ inevitably1 z ,i ?9k ,de ,mai/re rem>k$1 we are l$ back to ,%em1 ,ham1 & ,japhet4 ,& ?is is z true n[ aft] a half c5tury ( sci5tific progress1 z x 0 :5 ,de ,mai/re wrote4 ,)\t ass]t+ t ! divisions may ev] be di/9ctly trac$ ) ! m9ut5ess ( ,bo*>t 9 8 ,geog4 ,sacra1 ,i /ill say1 t ! broad l9es ( ! traditional apportionm5t ( ! _w1 & ! ?ree-fold or f\r-fold division ( ! race indicat$ 9 ,scripture1 is se5 beh9d ! ultimate divisions into :i* sci5ce is br\ght to sep>ate mank9d1 :e!r into ,caucasian1 ,e?iopian1 ,mongol1 ) two int]m$iate v>ieties1 z by ,blum5ba*2 or into ,au/ralioid1 ,negroid1 ,mongoloid1 & ,xan?o*roic1 z by ,huxley2 or into ,brace's division into ,aryan1 ,semitic1 ,turanian1 & ,hamitic4 ,beh9d ^! v>i\s sy/ems1 z beh9d a grill1 we seem to see ! =ms & faces ( ! prog5itors ( ! human race disc]nible1 b _! exi/5ce n capable ( contact & actual demon/ration1 because ( ! int]cept+ b>s & lattice "w4#cf #cf ,i am ?r\gh\t assum+ acqua9tance1 on ! "p ( my read]s1 ) ! ?ird & f\r? ( ,c>d9al ,wiseman's ,lectures on ,sci5ce & ,reveal$ ,religion2 = al?\gh my argum5t is di/9ct f t ( ! ,c>d9al1 yet ,i ev]y:]e reg>d 8 argum5t z ! backgr\nd & support ( my position2 & x is1 moreov]1 "p ( ! aim & int5tion ( ?is "w to %[ t ! g5]al gr\nd & framework 7?is is1 9 fact1 und]/at+ ! tru?7 ( ,c>d9al ,wiseman's argum5t rema9s intact4 ,!re is1 ,i ?9k1 some:]e 9 ! ,c>d9al's works1 a passage to ! above effect1 b ,i h n be5 able to recov] x4 ,i h spok5 above ( a ?ree-fold & f\r-fold division z equally indicat$ 9 ,scripture1 & ,i ?9k1 f non-obs]vance ( ?is1 ! close approximation ( ^! sy/ems to ,g5esis is n suffici5tly recognis$4 ,i ref] to ! ?ree prog5ital races1 & ! ,canaanite m>k$ (f & di/+ui%$ f ! re/ by a curse4 ,i %all enl>ge ^u ?is po9t 9 ano!r *apt] 7,*ap4 v74 ,i w only obs]ve n[ t ,i d n v5ture to say t ! ,canaanite is co-ext5sive ) ! ,turanian1 :i* is m a philological ?an an e?nological division ( mank9d1 or t _! *>act]i/ics 9 all respects correspond4#cg ,i limit my argum5t n[ to indicat+ ! correspond5ce betwe5 ! ,canaanite & ! aborig9al tribes 9 ,india4 #cg ,if space all[$1 ,i ?9k ! traditional l9es might be indicat$ z pla9ly f ! philological z f ! e?nological po9t ( view4 ,?is correspond5ce ,i f9d n only 9 ! features already not$--_! blackness & _! intellectual inf]iority--b 9 _! enslavem5t to ! sup]ior races ( mank9d :5ev] !y came into contact & collision ) !m4 ,is n ?is ev]y:]e also ! m>k ( ! ,turanian race8 are n ^! conflicts 9 primitive life always ) ! ,turanian race8 & are !y n 9 ,asia1 z 9 ,africa1 9 a /ate ( subjugation or dep5d5ce8 ,at any rate1 ?is is ! condition 9 :i* we f9d ! ,turanian 9 ,india1 s fully express$ 9 _! "n ( ,sudras4#ch #ch ,accord+ to ! sacr$ law-book1 entitl$ ! ,ord9ances ( ,m5u1 ! ,creator1 t ! human race might be multipli$1 caus$ ! ,brahm91 ,c%atriya1 ! ,vaisya1 & ! ,sudra 7s nam$ f ,scripture1 protection1 weal?1 & lab\r71 to proce$ f 8 m\?1 arm1 ?igh1 & foot4--,brit4 ,ency4 ,! ,fatimala1 a ,sanskrit "w on ,h9du ca/es1 says1 ! o!r1 i4e41 ! ,sudra1 %\ld volunt>ily s]ve ! ?ree o!r tribes1 & !re=e he became a ,sudra2 he %\ld humble himself at _! feet4 ,aga9/ ?is lit]al fulfilm5t ( ,g54 ix4 #be--;,curs$ be ,canaan1 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be to 8 bre?r5--z reg>ds ! ,indian ,sudra1 ! text 9 ,g54 x4 #ai--;,& ! limits ( ,*anaan 7 f ,sidon 444 to ,gaza 444 ev5 to ,sesa--may be object$4 ,b ,i con/rue ?is text only to ref] to ,*anaan prop]1 & to be spok5 r ) ref]5ce to ! limits ( ! ,promis$ ,l& & ! ,hebrews1 ?an to ! allocation ( ! tribes ( ,*anaan2 = ! text imm$iately prec$+ seems to me to h its significance--viz4 ,g54 x4 #ah1ci :]e x is said 9 a m>k$ mann]1 & ( ! desc5dants ( ,*anaan alone1 ,! families ( ! ,canaanites 7 spread abroad4 ,b if we are to suppose ! :ole desc5t ( ,*anaan to h be5 conf9$ betwe5 ! limits ( ,sidon & ,sesa1 x c\ld h>dly h be5 said to h _h ! diffusion ( ! o!r ,hamitic races1 & ! families ( ! ,*anaanites w n h be5 spread abroad 9 any noticeable or /rik+ mann]4 ,x appe>s to me1 also1 t x may be prov$ 9 ano!r way4 ,/ ,paul1 ,acts xiii4 #ai1 says t ,god de/roy$ sev5 nations 9 ! l& ( ,*anaan1 :]eas ,g54 x4 enum]ates elev54 #ci ,hom]'s expression 7,od4 i4 #bc1 #bd71 t ! ,e?iopians divid$ 9 twa91 7 ! mo/ remote ( m5-- ,greek3 ,a?iopas1 toi di*?a d$aiatai es*atoi &rn1 ,hoi m5 dysom5oi ,yp]ionos oi d' aniontos1 approximates to ! scriptural phrase1 & seems to imply a wid] disp]sion ?an is sugge/$ by ,pr(essor ,rawl9son1 i4 #ei4 ,aga91 ,kalis* 7,hi/4 & ,crit4 ,com4 on ,old ,te/am5t1 trans4 #aheh7 makes x a difficulty aga9/ ,g54 ix4 t ,canaan %\ld n only fall into ! h&s ( ,%em1 i4e4 ! p ( ,israel1 b also ( ,japhet 7i4 #bbf74 ,a remote fulfilm5t ( ! pr$iction may be se5 9 ! ,m$ian conque/ ( ,pho5icia1 & ! ,roman de/ruction ( ,c>?age2 b if ,i h truly indicat$ ! ord] ( ev5ts1 x w be se5 t x _h already come ab\t 9 ! e>lie/ times4 ,! text1 inde$1 ( ,g54 ix4 #bg--,may ,god enl>ge ,japhet1 & may he dwell 9 ! t5ts ( ,%em1 & ,canaan be 8 s]vant--is s cle> z almo/ to require "s su* fulfilm5t4 ,b ! fulfilm5t is se51 n only 9 ! degradation ( ,*anaan1 b 9 ! prosp]ity ( ,japhet2#dj & ?is is s correlative1 t ,i %all /ill be en=c+ ! argum5t :il/ connect+ a l9k :i* may appe> to be want+1 viz4 ! id5tity ( ,japhet ) ! m fav\r$ nations ( ! _w4 ,! id5tity ( ! ,indo-,g]manic races ) ! desc5dants ( ,japhet may almo/ be said to be a tru? qui saute aux yeux1 b x may /ill be wor? :ile to collect ! l9ks ( tradition :i* e/abli% x4 #dj ,tylor 7,primitive ,culture1 i4 p4 #dd7 says1 ,! ,semitic family1 :i* repres5ts "o ( ! olde/ kn[n civilizations ( ! _w1 includes ,arabs1 ,jews1 ,pho5icians 7871 ,syrians1 c41 & may h an old] z well z a new] connection 9 ,nor? ,africa4 ,?is family takes 9 "s rude tribes1 b none :i* w\ld be class$ z savages4 ,! ,aryan family has exi/$ 9 ,asia & ,europe c]ta9ly = sev]al ?\s& ye>s1 & !re are well kn[n & m>k$ traces ( e>ly b>b>ic condition1 :i* has p]haps surviv$ ) lea/ *ange among seclud$ tribes 9 ! valleys ( ! ,h9du ,ku% & ,himalaya4 ,qu]y1 ,:at is ! nature ( ! evid5ce t !y h surviv$1 & h n deg5]at$8 ,mr ,tylor cont9ues1 ,!re seems1 aga91 no kn[n case ( any full ,aryan tribe hav+ become savage4 ,! gipsies & o!r outca/s are1 no d\bt1 p>tly ,aryan 9 blood1 b _! degrad$ condition is n savag]y4 ,9 ,india !re are tribes ,aryan by language1 b ^: physique is r ( indig5\s type1 & ^: ance/ry is ma9ly f indig5\s /ocks1 ) m or less mixture ( ! dom9ant ,h9du4 ,comp>e infra1 *4 v41 & ,de ,mai/re1 p4 #bgb4 ,9 tru?1 x appe>s to u a self-evid5t proposition1 simply because tradition has famili>is$ u ) ! belief t ,europe 0 peopl$ by ! desc5dants ( ,japhet1 & because philology has rec5tly demon/rat$ ! ,indo-,g]manic race to include ?is dem>cation 7toge!r ) ,c5tral & ,we/]n ,asia72 b ,i ?9k t if we exclude ! te/imony ( tradition1 we %\ld h difficulty 9 e/abli%+ ! po9t ei!r ^u ! text ( ,g54 x4 #e1 or f ! evid5ce ( philology4 ,t ! race ( ,japhet spread !mselves ov] ! isl&s1 & colonis$ ! coa/s ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 is ! traditional int]pretation ( t text2 & x receives confirmation1 9 ! fir/ place1 9 ! tradition t ,japetus be+ ! fa!r ( ,prome!us1 0 reg>d$ by ! ,greeks z ! ance/or ( ! human race4--,smi?'s ,my?4 ,dict4 ,we h1 ,i ?9k1 become famili> ) su* transpositions z ,deucalion ! son ( ,prome!us1 & ,prome!us ! son ( ,deucalion1 c4 ,c]ta9ly ,prome!us 7vide ,app5dix to ,*ap4 viii4 p4 #ahj1 & ,*ap4 x4 p4 #bcb71 suppos+ ,prome!us to be ,adam1#da w\ld naturally /& at ! head ( e g5ealogy2 b ,japetus1 suppos+ him to be id5tifi$ ) ,japhet z ! p>ticul> f\nd] ( ! race 7aft] s di/9ct & def9ite a />t+-po9t z ! ,deluge71 w\ld also1 9 8 way1 h claims to be plac$ at ! head ( _! g5ealogy2 & probably ab\t ! "t t he began to be call$ old ,japetus1 & to be typical ( antiquity1 8 claims w\ld h be5 reg>d$ z p>am\nt1 & ,prome!us w\ld h be5 accord+ly displac$ 9 8 fav\r4 ,?is is conjectural1 b mu/ be tak5 z "o l9k4 #da ,j z ,h]cules 7vide ,h]cules1 p4 #ahj71 :o embodi$ 9 ano!r l9e ! tradition ( ,adam1 is said by ,mr ,grote1 ,hi/4 ( ,greece1 i4 p4 #abh-i1 to h be5 ! mo/ r5[n$ & mo/ ubiquit\s ( all ! semi-div9e p]sonages wor%ipp$ by ! ,hell5es1 s t di/+ui%$ families are ev]y:]e to be trac$ :o h 8 patronymic1 & glory 9 ! belief t !y are 8 desc5dants4 ,to :om w\ld !y trace back m naturally ?an to ,adam8 ,well1 ! 7,indian7 ,aryans also1 accord+ to ,mr ,hunt] 7,rural ,b5gal1 #ajc71 held 7,book ( ,manu & ! ,vi%nu ,purana7 t ! ,greeks & ,p]sians 7 sprung f errant ,k%atryas1 :o _h lo/ _! ca/e--i4e4 f _! own race4 ,!y are call$ 9 ! same books ,yavanas & ,pahlavas4 ,n[ no "o1 ,i ?9k1 w call x a =c$ analogy to see 9 ,yavana ! "n ( ,javan1 ! son ( ,japhet4#db ,?is ,i may call l9k ! second4 #db ,?is mu/ be tak5 9 connection ) :at ,i h said1 *4 x4 ,b ! ,aryans1 z we h se51 are "o ( ! ?ree or f\r primitive races to :i* bo? philology & e?nology lead u back4 ,!y are contra/$1 on ! "o side1 ) ! ,semitic1 &1 on ! o!r1 ) ! ,hamitic or ,turanian race4 ,we w assume1 !n1 on ! /r5g? ( ! philological & scriptural l9es be+ s ne>ly cont]m9\s1 t at lea/1 look+ f ! po9t ( view ( ,scripture1 ! ,aryan may be id5tifi$ ) great probability z ! ,japhetic race4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,aryan is ! ,japhetic race 9 its eld] bran*--to :i* its lat] migration w\ld seem to te/ify--we %\ld exactly expect t x w\ld designate a k9dr$ b collat]al race1 n by ! "n ( _! common ance/or1 b by ! "n ( ! prog5itor f :om !y 7 m imm$iately desc5d$--n z f ,japhet1 b f ,javan4 ,?us ! l9ks seem to jo92 & "h ,i leave !m1 till !re may *ance to come "s "o :o w ga!r up all ! l9ks 9 ! *a9 ( tradition1 dislocat$ & disp]s$ by ! cata/rophes :i* h be5 consequ5t ^u ! d]elictions ( mank9d4 ,! ?ird view to :i* ,i wi% to adv]t1 is t put =w>d by ,mr ,john ,f4 ,m',l5nan 9 8 ,primitive ,m>riage1 #ahfe1 :i* also revives ! !ory ( a savage /ate1 & moreov] pr(esses to discov] primitive mank9d liv+ 9 a /ate ( promiscuity1 little1 if at all1 elevat$ above ! brute1 & ?is dur+ ! long p]iod :i* 0 requir$ to develop #a4 ! tribe2 #b4 ! g5s2 #c4 ! family4 ,x w be difficult = any "o1 :o comes fre% f ! p]usal ( ,g5esis1 to realise ! possibility ( su* a view be+ held2 b1 9 tru?1 !re is no view too grotesque = m5 9 ^: survey mank9d appe> orig9ally on ! sc5e z a mass ( units com+ into ! _w1 no "o kn[s h[1 l locu/s ris+ above ! horizon1 or cov]+ ! e>? p]haps l toads aft] a %[]6 ,yet ,mr ,m',l5nan's !ory is virtually endors$ 7vide infra7 by ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1 :o ref]s to x 7p4 #fj1 note71 z ,mr ,m',l5nan's ma/]ly "w4 ,if1 !n1 we mu/ discuss ! !ory ^u its m]its1 ! objection :i* ,i %\ld take1 9 lim9e1 is t x is a p>tial g5]alisation f facts1 irrespective ( ! hi/orical evid5ce z a :ole4 ,!re /&s aga9/ x1 ( c\rse1 ! direct evid5ce ( ! ,bible1 also !re /&s aga9/ x ! rese>*es ( ori5tal ar*aeology1 &1 aga91 :at ,mr ,m',l5nan calls ! s-call$ revelation ( philology1 :i* %[s t mank9d1 9 ! p]iod previ\s to _! disp]sion1 _h m>riage laws regulat+ ! rights & obligations ( husb&s & wives1 ( p>5ts & *ildr54 ,?is evid5ce he rejects because ! preface ( g5]al hi/ory mu/ be compil$ f ! mat]ials pres5t$ by b>b>ism 7p4 #i71 ?us assum+ b>b>ism to h be5 ! primitive /ate4 ,mr ,m',l5nan /ruggles va9ly = univ]sal facts on :i* to build1 & seems to f9d "o 9 :at he has t]m$ exogamy 7i4e4 m>riage outside ! tribe71 comb9$ ) ! capture ( wives & ! infanticide ( female *ildr5 )9 ! tribe4 ,impossible6 ,if ?is /ate ( ?+s _h be5 univ]sal1 ! human race w\ld h ext]m9at$ itself long be=e ! hi/oric p]iod6 ,! !ory necess>ily supposes t "s tribes 7 addict$ to ^! practices1 :il/ o!rs 7 n4 ,exogamy1 !re=e1 is n a univ]sal fact2 b nei!r c\ld endogamy h be51 = ! conv]sion ( an endogam\s tribe into an exogam\s tribe is inconceivable1 p4 #adf4 ,b z ,mr ,m',l5nan is z mu* con/ra9$ to *oose betwe5 exogamy & endogamy z 0 ,mons4 ,j\rda9 betwe5 poetry & prose1 he app>5tly elects 9 fav\r ( ! univ]sal primitive preval5ce ( exogamy1 i4e4 he supposes mank9d to h comm5c$ "u conditions :i* w\ld h ensur$ its proximate ext9ction4 ,mr ,m',l5nan 7p4 #add7 says1 ! two types ( organisation 7viz4 exogamy & endogamy7 may be equally ar*aic2 b x is evid5t t he incl9es to ! op9ion t exogamy is ! m ar*aic2 & 8 analysis at p4 #adb1 comm5c+ ) ,exogamy ,pure1 ,no4 #a1 & cont9u+ on to 444 ,endogamy ,pure1 ,no4 #f1 is ! analysis ( a s]ies ( ph5om5a :i* appe>s to =m a progression 7#ada74 ,moreov]1 ! difficulties :i* ,i h j urg$ w imm$iately recur if we all[ ! two types to h be5 equally ar*aic4 ,! suppos$ exogam\s tribes1 accord+ to ! !ory1 en=c+ ! infanticide ( female *ildr51 & n p]mitt+ m>riage )9 ! tribe1 mu/ h be5 :olly dep5d5t ^u ! endogam\s gr\ps = _! wom54 ,^! latt] gr\ps mu/ ei!r h succumb$1 & s h become spe$ily ext+ui%$ ?r\gh ! loss ( _! wom5 7= !y c\ld n h acquir$ o!rs :o 7 n ( _! /ock1 )\t ceas+ to be endogam\s72 or !y mu/ h resi/$ successfully1 & ev5 if ! matt] w5t no f>!r1 ! exogam\s tribes mu/ h di$ out or ab&on$ exogamy2 or ! endogam\s tribes mu/ h resi/$ & retaliat$1 9 :i* case we %\ld h ?is fur!r complication t !y !mselves w\ld h ceas$ to be endogam\s1 & )\t any reason or necessity = becom+ exogam\s2 = ) ! seizure ( ! females ( ! exogam\s tribes1 or ev51 "u ! special circum/ances1 ) ! recov]y ( _! own1 ! elem5t ( het]og5eity w\ld h be5 introduc$1 & ! sy/em ( endogamy w\ld h be5 no long] true 9 !ory1 or possible 9 fact4 ,all ^! results mu/ h be5 imm$iately consequ5t ^u ! fir/ collision1 :i* f ! v conditions ( exogamy1 mu/ h occurr$ at ! outset6 ,po/ulat+ exogamy1 x mu/ !re=e rapidly h extirpat$ or absorb$ e o!r sy/em1 & yet x c\ld nev] h /ood alone4 ,mr ,m',l5nan himself all[s t :]ev] k9%ip ?r\gh females1 ! mo/ anci5t sy/em 9 :i* ! idea ( blood relation%ip 0 embodi$ 7#adh7 0 kn[n1 !re w\ld h be5 a t5d5cy among ! exogam\s gr\ps to become het]og5e\s1 & t ?us ! sy/em ( captur+ wives w\ld h be5 sup]s$$4#dc ,9 o!r words1 exogamy w\ld h become ext9ct4 ,b if k9%ip ?r\gh females 0 n discov]$ by ! fir/ *ildr5 ( ! fir/ mo!rs1 h[ 0 x subsequ5tly discov]$8 ,we are giv5 no clue except t ! ord] ( nature is progressive6 #dc ,at p4 #hh1 ,mr ,m',l5nan sees evid5ce ( ! =m ( capture & ! fact ( capture among ! ,jews2 b he w at lea/ all[ ! appeal to be made to ! ,scriptures1 z _! mo/ au!ntic hi/ory4 ,:at d we f9d at ! comm5cem5t8 ,9 ! fir/ m>riage contract record$1 i4e4 ( ,isaac & ,rebecca8 ,:y1 ! rev]se ( capture4 ,g5esis xxvi4 #h1 ,b if ! woman w n foll[ !e ?\ %alt n be b\nd by ! oa?4 ,also v4 #ci1 #dj4 ,mr ,m',l5nan 7p4 #bi71 ) ref]5ce to ! hurl+ /ones & bamboos at ! head ( ! devot$ bridegroom 9 ,khondi/an1 says1 ! hurl+ ( old %oes aft] ! bridegroom among ourselves may be a relic ( a simil> cu/om4 ,b ?is cu/om w\ld seem to be mu* m directly trac$ to ! cu/om among ! ,jews ( tak+ ! %oes f ! man :o refus$ to m>ry 8 bro!r's wid[ 7,deut]onomy71 & :i* is m g5]ally /at$ 9 ,ru? iv4 #g1 z a tok5 ( cession ( "r--! man put (f 8 %oe1 & gave x to 8 neighb\r1 ?is 0 ! te/imony ( a cession ( "r 9 ,israel 7,ru? iv4 #g74 ,?is compels ! rem>k t if ,mr ,m',l5nan fails to prove t exogamy 0 univ]sal1 z a /age ( human progress1 or1 to use a phrase ( 8 own1 on su* a scale z to entitle x to rank among ! normal ph5om5a ( human developm5t1 !re is no?+ to exclude ! likelihood ( its be+ mu* m satisfactorily & directly trac$ z ! result ( deg5]acy4 ,mr ,m',l5nan %\ld cle> 8 gr\nd by demon/rat+ t ! circum/ances exclude ! possibility ( ?is conjecture4 ,on ! contr>y1 & on 8 own %[+1 !y w\ld appe> mu* m c]ta9ly to affirm x4 ,al?\gh exogamy is ! e>lie/ fact :i* he believes to be demon/rable by evid5ce1 he assumes an initial promiscuity2 & seems to see 8 way out ( ?is initial promiscuity ?r\gh ! sy/em ( rude poly&ry 7:5 "o woman 0 common to a det]m9ate numb] ( m5 unrelat$7 z di/+ui%$ f regulat$ poly&ry 7:]e "o woman 0 common to sev]al bro!rs74 ,x mu/ be not$ t be=e ^! poly&r\s families1 if we may s call !m1 at fir/ necess>ily limit$1 c\ld !oretically or 9 fact h become ! tribal exogam\s gr\ps1 _m difficulties mu/ be dispos$ (1 & _m /ages trac$1 ( :i* we are told no?+ m ?an t we are =c$ to reg>d all ! exogam\s races z hav+ orig9ally be5 poly&r\s 7p4 #bbf74 ,t ^! families1 if x is n an abuse ( t]ms to call !m s1 c\ld n h become tribal by gr\p+1 ,mr ,m',l5nan himself ma9ta9s1 p4 #bcb4 ,! two sy/ems :i* ,mr ,m',l5nan di/+ui%es z rude & regulat$ poly&ry1 are s ess5tially diff]5t t ,i fail to trace ! possibility ( progression f "o to ! o!r4 ,rude poly&ry is b>ely di/+ui%able f promiscuity1 & n at all if we reg>d x z only promiscuity1 necess>ily limit$ ?r\gh infanticide1 or o!r causes de/roy+ ! balance ( ! sexes4 ,! latt] has peculi> features--aris+ 9 "s way out (1 & fix$ 9 ! idea ( ! relation%ip ( bro!rs--an idea :i* x is j conceivable might arise directly out ( a /ate ( promiscuity--:]e !oretically ! *ildr5 might be suppos$ to be 9 contact ) ! "m only1 b :i* ! sy/em ( rude poly&ry1 by introduc+ conflict+ & complicat$ claims1 w\ld imm$iately t5d to weak5 & oblit]ate4 ,let u see1 !n1 if we c trace ! cu/om bett] on ! l9es ( deg5]acy4 ,if we />t ) ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( _m primitive c]emonies & regulations we may !n suppose t 9 ! d[nw>d progression to promiscuity1 ! /ages ( ! desc5t w be traceable 9 ! corruptions ( ^! cu/oms4 ,su* surmises at lea/ are z good z ! contr>y surmises ( ,mr ,m',l5nan4 ,n[1 we h already se5#dd t ,mr ,m',l5nan alludes to ! law ( ,deut]onomy1 :i* impos$ ! obligation ( ! y\ng] bro!r m>ry+ ! wid[ ( ! eld]--& x w1 moreov]1 be se5 7,mr ,m',l5nan1 p4 #bai7 t ?is 0 also prescrib$ 9 ! law ( ,m5u4 #dd ,dr ,la?am w\ld inv]t ! ord] ( developm5t by produc+ ! rud] fact--poly&ry--f ! less rude obligation4 ,b cle>ly ?is is an inv]sion ( ! ord] ( nature1 :i* is progressive1 c4--,m',l5nan1 ,prim4 ,m>riage1 p4 #bjf4 ,:atev] may be ! true solution ( ?is co9cid5ce ! lea/ likely acc\nt w\ld seem to be t !y _h bo?1 "u diff]5t conditions 7diff]5t at any rate f ! po9t ( div]g5ce1 be x exogamy or poly&ry71 advanc$ to x indep5d5tly & by simil> /ages4 ,su* =tuit\s co9cid5ces w\ld imply n m]ely a succession ( simil> developm5ts1 b also a correspond+ succession ( accid5tal circum/ances4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! cu/om ( ! y\ng] bro!r m>ry+ ! wid[ ( ! eld] 0 ( primitive in/itution 7comp>e ,g5esis xxxviii4 & ! ,code ( ,m5u71 ! corruption ( ?is cu/om into poly&ry1 9 circum/ances :i* may at any "t h di/urb$ ! balance ( ! sexes 9 ! ov]cr[d$ ,ea/1 ?\gh x revolts w n absolutely a/oni% u2 :]eas ! conv]se1 i4e4 re/riction to successive appropriation cont+5t ^u wid[hood1 f a /ate ( virtual promiscuity1 is s uphill a re=m & s contr>y to probability t x requires "s int]nal evid5ce ( ! /ages1 & "s w>rant 9 mod]n obs]vation to make x plausible4 ,none are giv54 ,= ! fact t we f9d bo? ! rude & ! regulat$ =m exi/+ side by side cuts bo? ways2#de & ! discov]y ( a =m ( capture--! ,rak%asa1 among ! eight =ms sanction$ by ! code ( ,m5u1 en=ces our argum5t--x w\ld exactly correspond to ! milit>y exemption among ! ,jews 7,mr ,m',l5nan1 p4 #hb71 suppos+ we 7 able to read ,deut]onomy xx4 #aj-ad 9 ! same s5se z ,mr ,m',l5nan4 ,9 t case1 !re=e1 x w\ld be a dep>ture f or relaxation ( a rule laid d[n--a view :i* is confirm$ :5 we f9d t ! au?ority quot$ 7,dr ,muir1 ,sanscrit ,texts1 ! ,ramayana7 tells t ,ravana1 ! mo/ t]rible ( all ! ,rak%asas1 is /igmatis$ z a de/roy] ( religi\s duties1 & ravi%] ( ! wives ( o!rs 7,prim4 ,m>4 p4 #cji71 :i* te/ifies to deg5]acy at "s p]iod2 :]eas if ,mr ,m',l5nan's view is true1 ?is h]o mu/ be relegat$ to a "t :5 ! conception ( religi\s duties1 & ev5 ( o!r m5's wives 7 unkn[n4 #de ,x seems to me t ,turn]'s acc\nt ( poly&ry 9 ,tibet1 quot$ by ,mr ,m',l5nan1 p4 #aic1 gives pla9 evid5ce ( ! transition f ! ,jewi% cu/om to ! regulat$ poly&ry4 ,x is said t ! *oice ( a wife is ! privilege ( ! eld] bro!r4 ,we h se5 7supra1 #df71 t :5 mank9d _h got1 we "k n h[1 into tribal exogam\s gr\ps1 k9%ip ?r\gh females w\ld h a t5d5cy1 & a mom5t's consid]ation w %[ an imm$iate t5d5cy1 to r5d] ! exogam\s gr\ps het]og5e\s1 & ?us to sup]s$e ! sy/em ( captur+ wives4 ,we ask :y did !y capture wives8 ,mr ,m',l5nan implies t _! ideas ( ince/ =bade m>riage )9 ! tribe4#df ,app>5tly1 !n1 ! gr\ps mu/ h be5 exogam\s#dg previ\sly to ! "t :5 !y _h atta9$ to ! k ( k9%ip ?r\gh females1 else k9%ip ?r\gh females w\ld f ! fir/ h op]at$ to produce a /ate ( ?+s :i* w\ld h r5d]$ exogamy unnecess>y & inexplicable4 ,! coroll>y is curi\s2 !y mu/1 !re=e1 h _h ! idea ( ince/ be=e !y _h ! idea ( k9%ip ?r\gh females6 #df ,in/ead ( endogamy we might1 aft] "s explanations1 h us$ ! ^w ca/e4 ,b ca/e connotes sev]al ideas besides t on :i* we desire to fix att5tion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! rule :i* decl>es ! union ( p]sons ( ! same blood to be ince/ has be5 hi!rto unnam$ 7p4 #di71 & he t]ms x exogamy2 & 7p4 #acj7 he says1 9 all ! mod]n in/ances 9 :i* ! symbol ( capture is mo/ m>k$ we h f\nd t m>riage )9 ! tribe is prohibit$ z ince/4 #dg ,mr ,m',l5nan 7p4 #adh7 says1 ,we %all endeav\r to e/abli% ! foll[+ propositions3--#a4 ,t ! mo/ anci5t sy/em 9 :i* ! idea ( blood relation%ip 0 embodi$1 0 ! sy/em ( k9%ip ?r\gh females only4 #b4 ,t ! primitive gr\ps 71 or 7 assum$ to be homog5e\s4 #c4 ,t ! sy/em ( k9%ip ?r\gh females only1 t5d$ to r5d] ! exogam\s gr\ps het]og5e\s1 & ?us to sup]s$e ! sy/em ( captur+ wives4 ,t "s tribes %\ld h arriv$ at "s su* /ate ?r\gh a p]v]t$ traditional notion ( ince/1 w\ld1 on ! o!r h&1 p]fectly fit into ! !ory ( deg5]acy4 ,i _h int5d$ to h pursu$ ?is subject1 b ! *apt] has already run to too great l5g?4 ,z allusion h[ev]1 has be5 made to ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 ,i app5d an extract 7see p4 #dg7 f :i* x w be se5 t 8 view1 al?\gh equally remote f hi/orical tru?1 has a great] priori probability4 ,inde$1 if we c\ld only cons5t to />t on ! assumption ( an initial /ate ( hetairism1 no?+ w\ld be m complete ?an ! foll[+ !ory3-- ,= reasons to be giv5 %ortly1 ,i believe t communal m>riage 0 gradually sup]s$$ by individual m>riages f\nd$ on capture1 & t ?is l$ fir/ly to exogamy1 & !n to female infanticide2 ?us rev]s+ ,m',l5nan's ord] ( sequ5ce4 ,endogamy & regulat$ poly&ry1 ?\gh frequ5t1 ,i reg>d z exceptional1 & z n ent]+ into ! normal progress ( developm5t4 ,l ,m',l5nan & ,ba*oj51 ,i believe t our pres5t social relations h aris5 f an initial /age ( hetairism or communal m>riage4 ,x is obvi\s1 h[ev]1 t ev5 "u communal m>riage1 a w>rior :o _h captur$ a beautiful girl 9 "s m>aud+ exp$ition1 w\ld claim a peculi> "r to h]1 &1 :5 possible1 w\ld set cu/om at defiance4 ,we h already se5 t !re are o!r cases ( ! exi/5ce ( m>riage1 "u two =ms1 side by side 9 "o c\ntry1 & t !re is1 !re=e1 no real difficulty 9 assum+ ! co-exi/5ce ( communal & individual m>riage4 ,x is true t1 "u a communal m>riage sy/em1 no man c\ld appropriate a girl entirely to himself1 )\t infr++ ! rights ( ! :ole tribe4444 ,a w>-captive1 h[ev]1 0 9 a peculi> position1 ! tribe _h no "r to h]2 h] captur] might h kill$ h] if he *ose2 444 he did z he lik$1 ! tribe 0 no suff]]4--,sir ,j4 ,lubbock's ,orig9 ( ,civilisation1 pp4 #gj1 #ga4 ,i w only ask "o "q4 ,at :at p]iod does ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock suppose ! cu/om ( inh]itance ?r\gh females arose8 ,?is z ne>ly approa*es a univ]sal fact z any :i* ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock adduces 7vide p4 #aje1 et seq472 &1 on ! po9t ( its hav+ be5 a preval5t cu/om1 ,i c h no difficulty4 ,:5ev] ?r\gh deg5]acy man arriv$ at ! /ate ( promiscuity or communal m>riages1 su* inh]itance z !re might be1 9 su* a community1 w\ld only be claim$ ?r\gh females1 z ! pat]nity w\ld always be unc]ta9 7vide infra1 p4 #abi74 ,if1 h[ev]1 mank9d comm5c$ ) communal m>riages1 inh]itance & relation%ip ?r\gh females w\ld also h be5 f ! comm5cem5t4 ,let u n[ turn to ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock's !ory1 z express$ 9 ! extract above1 9 :i* he %[s u h[ m>riage by capture w\ld q naturally h aris5 out ( ! /ate ( communal m>riage4 ,b if natural1 x w\ld h be5 natural f ! comm5cem5t1 quid vetat8 ,!re mu/ !n h be5 a sy/em also 9 op]ation f ! comm5cem5t1 ! inevitable t5d5cy ( :i*1 by mak+ pat]nity di/9ct & recognisable1 w\ld h be5 to sub/itute inh]itance ?r\gh males2 & ?is sy/em1 by introduc+ a m robu/ po/]ity1 w\ld rapidly h ga9$ ^u ! o!r sy/em4 ,male inh]itance1 x w\ld !n appe>1 comm5c$ & e/abli%$ itself at ! outset1 & to ! displacem5t ( inh]itance ?r\gh females4 ,h[1 !n1 d we f9d traces ( ! latt] cu/om s preval5t8 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! m in/ances ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock accumulates1 ! m he w excite our incr$ulity & surprise4 ,?is !ory aga91 equally ) ,mr ,m',l5nan's1 supposes mank9d orig9ally 9 a /ate ( hetairism1 9 :i* case x is futile to talk ( tribes & ( m>riage out ( ! tribe2 = h[ did !y em]ge into ?is tribal sep>ation out ( ! /ate ( promiscuity8 ,! difficulty gets m complicat$ s9ce1 ex hypo!si1 aft] em]g+ f1 !y /ill rema9 )9 ! tribal limits1 9 ! /ate ( hetairism4 ,^! prelim9>ies mu/ be settl$ be=e ! argum5t c be c>ri$ fur!r4 ,! usual philosophic =mula is1 ( c\rse1 at h&--^! *anges mu/ h requir$ an indef9ite lapse ( ages6 ,into ?is swamp we %all see "o philosoph] aft] ano!r disappe>1 leav+ a delusive light beh9d him6 ,if we c\ld only1 ,dante l1 recall "o ( ^! philosoph]s to life1 aft] he has pass$ into 8 /ate ( ,nirvana1 we w\ld ask1 z 9 ?is in/ance1 :y1 suppos+ ! /ate ( promiscuity1 x w\ld require an indef9ite lapse ( ages to pass f x1 accord+ to ! conditions ( ,sir ,john ,lubbock's argum5t 7i4e4 to ! /ate ( exogamy72 consid]+ t1 vide supra1 x is obvi\s t1 ev5 "u communal m>riage1 a w>rior :o _h captur$1 c41 w\ld claim a peculi> "r to h]1 &1 :5 possible1 w\ld set cu/om at defiance4 ,cle>ly1 !n1 x only requir$ ! man & ! opportunity4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,! view at p4 #bf sub/antially co9cides ) ! l9es laid d[n by ,black/one 7comp>e ,plato2 ,grote's ,plato1 iii4 #ccg71 :i* are ! subject ( ,b5?am's attack1 & to :i* ! rec5t contributions ( ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e to our k 9 ^! matt]s w\ld seem to run c\nt]4 ,black/one1 ,comm4 i4 #dg1 said-- ,?is notion1 ( an actually exi/+ unconnect$ /ate ( nature1 is too wild to be s]i\sly admitt$3 &1 besides1 x is pla9ly contradictory to ! reveal$ acc\nts ( ! primitive orig9 ( mank9d & _! pres]vation two ?\s& ye>s aft]w>ds1 bo? :i* 7 effect$ by ! means ( s+le families4 ,^! =m$ ! fir/ society among !mselves1 :i* e day ext5d$ its limits2 & :5 x grew too l>ge to subsi/ ) conv5i5ce 9 t pa/oral /ate :]e9 ! ,patri>*s appe> to h liv$1 x necess>ily subdivid$ itself by v>i\s migrations into m4 ,aft]w>ds1 z agriculture increas$1 :i* employs & c ma9ta9 a mu* great] numb] ( h&s1 migrations became less frequ5t1 & v>i\s tribes1 :i* _h =m]ly sep>at$1 reunit$ aga91 sometimes by compulsion & conque/1 sometimes by accid5t1 & sometimes1 p]haps1 by compact4444 ,& ?is is :at we mean by ! orig9al contract ( society1 :i*1 ?\gh p]haps 9 no in/ance x has ev] be5 =mally express$ at ! fir/ in/itution ( a /ate1 yet1 9 nature1 reason mu/ always be und]/ood & impli$ 9 ! v act ( associat+ toge!r4444 ,:5 society is once =m$1 gov]nm5t results1 ( c\rse1 z necess>y to pres]ve & to keep t society 9 ord] 444 unless "s sup]ior 7 con/itut$ 444 !y w\ld /ill rema9 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,b5?am says ( ?is passage f ,black/one1 t 'society1' 9 "o place1 means ! same ?+ z a '/ate ( nature' does3 9 ano!r place1 x means ! same z 'gov]nm5t4' ,"h we are requir$ to believe !re nev] 0 su* a /ate z a /ate ( nature3 !n we are giv5 to und]/& !re has be54 ,9 l mann]1 ) respect to an orig9al contract1 we are giv5 to und]/& t su* a ?+ nev] exi/$1 t ! notion ( x is ev5 ridicul\s2 at ! same "t1 t !re is no speak+ nor /irr+ )\t suppos+ t !re 0 "o4--,b5?am's ,fragm5t on ,gov]nm5t1 p4 #i 7,london1 #ahbc74 ,! previ\s & subsequ5t *apt]s 7ii41 xiii471 w be f\nd to meet ^! /rictures ( ,b5?am1 al?\gh n orig9ally writt5 ) ref]5ce to !m4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,*ronology ,,f ,,! ,,po9t ,,( ,,view ,,( ,,tradition4 ,to _m x may seem a fundam5tal objection t my !ory supposes a *ronology altoge!r out ( keep+ ) mod]n discov]y2 & ,i fancy !re is a some:at g5]al impression t mod]n sci5ce has an hi/orical basis1 to :i* n ev5 ! ,septuag9t *ronology c be made to con=m4 ,?is really is n ! case2 b assum+ x to be true1 ,i mu/ /ill rem>k1 t if facts ( primeval tradition h be5 e/abli%$1 ! long lapse ( ages w only enhance our notions ( ! p]si/5cy ( tradition2 or if ! lapse ( ages is disprov$1 ?is conclusion w be 9 recognition ( a tru? to :i* tradition te/ifies4 ,i %all n[ proce$ to e/abli% t ! /rictly hi/orical te/imony1 & ! direct hi/orical evid5ce1 is /rik+ly concurr5t 9 fav\r ( ! scriptural *ronology1 all[+ ! m>g9 ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,hebrew & ,,lxx4 v]sions4#dh #dh ,aucune des trois *ronologies bibliques1 l ou elles ne s'accord5t pas entre elles1 ne s'impose avec une autorite suffisante soit au fidele1 soit au savant4 ,l',eglise ca?olique a laiss le *oix libre entre ces *ronologies et elles n'oblige pas mme en adopt] une4--,le ,monde et ,l',homme ,primitif selon la ,bible1 p> ,mgr4 ,meignan1 ,evque de ,*alons-sur-,m>ne1 #ahfi4 ,) ?is view ,i %all successively exam9e ! *ronology ( ! pr9cipal nations ^: annals pr(ess to g back to ! comm5cem5t ( ?+s--! ,aryan 7includ+ ! ,indian1 ! ,p]sian1 ! ,greek1 & ! ,roman71 ! ,babylonian1 ! ,*9ese1 ,pho5ician1 & ,egyptian4 ,indian ,*ronology4--,!re 0 a "t :5 ! ,indian 7,aryan7 *ronology 0 believ$ to atta9 to ! mo/ remote antiquity ( all1 & ?is belief 0 su/a9$ by ! app>5tly irrefragable te/imony ( a/ronomical evid5ce4 ,:o upholds ?is evid5ce n[8 ,on ?is head ,i mu/ ref] to ,c>d9al ,wiseman's sev5? lecture 7,on ,sci5ce & ,reveal$ ,religion71 :]e ! read] w f9d a cle> & c>eful precis ( ! discussion on ! subject betwe5 ,bailly & ,delambre1 ! ,ed9burgh ,review & ,b5tley1 to :i* ,i am n aw>e t any?+ ( consequ5ce has to be add$4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we turn to :at ,i am exclusively direct+ my att5tion--! /rict hi/orical inve/igation--we f9d t ! cauti\s inquiries ( su* m5 z ,sir ,w4 ,jones & ,he]5 concur 9 plac+ ! ,aryan invasion at ! antec$5tly v probable date1 f ! po9t ( view ( ,scripture1 ( "s #bjjj ye>s ,b4,c4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t ! discussion takes ! =m ( philological inquiry1 & into ! antiquity 7^u int]nal evid5ce7 ( ! anci5t ,sanscrit lit]ature4 ,9 s f>1 !re=e1 z x is philological1 x belongs to ! indirect argum5t1 :i* ,i am n[ exclud+4 ,9 s f> z ! ,sanscrit lit]ature is hi/orical1 ,i h discuss$ ! te/imony :i* x br+s 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,pr(essor ,rawl9son1 h[ev]1 9 8 rec5t ,manual ( ,anci5t ,hi/ory1 refuses to discuss ! "q1 z he does n reg>d ! ,maha-,bh>ata & ,ramayana z tru/wor?y s\rces ( hi/ory1 & comm5ces 8 ,p]sian hi/ory ) ! accession ( ,cyrus1 previ\sly to :i* he does n consid] ! ,aryan migration & settlem5t to h be5 complet$4 ,ap>t1 !n1 f ! peculi> l9e ( argum5t to :i* ,i %all pres5tly ref]1 x w\ld appe> t ! ,indian *ronology1 z recon/ruct$ f hi/ory & tradition1 falls easily )9 ! l9es1 n only ( ! ,,lxx41 b ( ! ,hebrew v]sion4 ,! ,indians1 x is true 7,hales' ,*ron41 i4 #aif71 !mselves say t _! hi/ory goes back #dcb1jjj1jjj ye>s4 ,al?\gh ,hales gives a solution :i* may be deem$ satisfactory1 ,i ?9k t1 if consid]$ 9 connection ) ! ,babylonian computation1 x w be se5 t1 ?\gh inexact 9 _! figure1 !y are accurate 9 _! tradition4 ,! prim>y figure 9 _! 7,indian7 calculation--#dcb1jjj--;is arriv$ at ?r\gh ! ext5d$ multiplication ( ! ,*aldean sossos1 n]os1 & s>os1 or ( _! own traditional figures correspond+ to !m 7vide infra74 ,9 ! ,*aldean sy/em 7vide ,rawl9son1 ,anc4 ,mon41 i471 #f & #aj 7 employ$ z alt]nate multipli]s4 ,?us a soss #fj ye>s 7#aj #f71 a n] #fjj 7#fj #aj71 a s> #cfjj 7#fjj #f72 & if ! multiplication be cont9u$1 ! next figure w\ld be #cf1jjj 7#cfjj #aj71 next #baf1jjj 7#cf1jjj #f74 ,! ,indian figure #dcb1jjj1di is made up ( twice #baf1jjj4 #di #dcb1jjj is also ! figure to :i* ,b]osus ext5ds ! ,assyrian *ronology4 ,?us ! ,indian fabrication comm5ces at ! po9t :]e ,b]osus ends4 ,pr(essor ,rawl9son 7,anc4 ,mon41 i4 #aib7 gives 9 detail1 & endorses a rem>kable eclaircissem5t ( ,m4 ,guts*mid on ! my?ical traditions ( ,assyrian *ronology4 ,babylonian ,*ronology4--,rawl9son says-- ,assum+ t ! division betwe5 ! e>li] & lat] ,assyrian dyna/y syn*ronises ) ! celebrat$ era ( ,nabonass> 7#gdg ,b4,c471 :i* is probable1 b n c]ta91 & tak+ ! ye> ,b4,c4 #ech z ! admitt$ date ( ! conque/ ( ! la/ ,*aldan k+ by ,cyrus1 he obta9s = ! sev5? or second ,assyrian dyna/y #abb ye>s 7#gdg to #fbe74 ,assum+1 next1 t ,b4,c4 #bbcd1 f :i* ! ,babylonians c\nt$ _! /ell> obs]vations1 mu/ be a ye> ( note 9 ,*aldan hi/ory1 & f9d+ t x _c well repres5t ! fir/ ye> ( ! second or ,m$ian dyna/y1 s9ce 9 t case elev5 k+s ( ! ?ird dyna/y w\ld h reign$ no m ?an ?irty-f\r ye>s1 he concludes x mu/ m>k ! expulsion ( ! ,m$es & accession ( ! ?ird dyna/y 7:i* he reg>ds z a native dyna/y74 ,f 8 previ\s calculations1 x foll[s t ! f\r? dyna/y began ,b4,c4 #aigf2 betwe5 :i* & ,b4,c4 #bbcd are #beh ye>s1 a p]iod :i* may be fairly assign$ to elev5 mon>*s4 ,?is mu* is conjecture 444 ! pro( n[ sudd5ly fla%es on u4 ,if ! numb]s are tak5 9 ! way assign$1 & !n add$ to ! ye>s ( ! fir/ or purely my?ical dyna/y1 we get #cf1jjj1 equal to ! next t]m1 to ! s> 7s>os1 vide supra71 9 ! ,babylonian sy/em ( cycles4 ,x w be m app>5t 9 ! foll[+ table f ,rawl9son1 idem-- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,ye>s4 ,b4,c4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,my?ical #hf ,*aldans #cd1hjj #h ,m$es #bbd #bdeh #aa ,*aldans 7#beh7 #bbcd #di ,*aldans #deh #aigf ,hi/orical4 #i ,arab #bde #aeah #de ,assyrian #ebf #abgc #h ,assyrian #abb #gdg #f ,*aldans #hg #fbe ---------------------------------------- ---- #cf1jjj ---------------------------------------- ---- ,*9ese ,*ronology4--,! ,*9ese1 also--?\gh1 be x obs]v$1 ! ,*9ese ( mod]n date1 accord+ to ,klapro? 7,mem4 ,relatifs4 l',asie1 i4 #dje2 ,klapro? places ! comm5cem5t ( ! unc]ta9 hi/ory ( ,*9a #bfcg ,b4,c41 ! c]ta9 hi/ory #ghb ,b4,c471#ej 9 ! fir/ ye> ( our era1 b m sy/ematically 9 ! n9? c5tury--=g$ a my?ological hi/ory1 :i* c>ri$ ! empire back #b1bgf1jjj ye>s 7ano!r calculation1 #c1bgf1jjj74 ,he adds1 h[ev]1 t ! ,*9ese !mselves d n consid] ! ,wai-ki1 ! au?ority = ^! /atem5ts1 to be hi/orical4 #ej ,buns5 7,egypt1 iii4 #dje7 says1 ,sy/ematic ,*9ese hi/ory & *ronology h>dly g back z f> z ! ye> #bjjj ,b4,c41 i4e4 to ! reign ( ,y 7#aiia74 ,yet ^u indirect philological conclusions1 he w\ld really take _! hi/ory back beyond ! ,egyptian--iii4 p4 #cgi4 ,an explanation mu/ be giv5 :y x 7! ,*9ese hi/ory7 comm5ces at a lat] p]iod 7z above7 ?an ,egyptian *ronology2 mu* lat]1 inde$1 ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,se>* mu/ be made 9 o!r qu>t]s ?an ! regul> extant *ronology = pro(s ( t va/ antiquity1 :i* ! num]\s records ( language compel u to assign to ! orig9es ( ! ,*9ese4 ,?is va/ antiquity may be measur$ by ! fact t1 ex hypo!si1 x transc5ds ! ,egyptian1 & = ! ,egyptian 9 8 !ory ( progress & developm5t1 he requires at lea/ #bj1jjj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,aga91 if we all[ ourselves to be entangl$ 9 c]ta9 a/ronomical disputations1 ! "q may become complicat$ & confus$2 b ! a/ronomical discussion mu/ dep5d1 9 ! end1 ^u a po9t :i* hi/ory mu/ det]m9e--i4e4 :e!r ! a/ronomical k & obs]vations ref]r$ to _h come d[n 9 primitive tradition1 or _h be5 import$ at a lat] date4 ,al?\gh x ne$ n exclude a belief 9 a tradition ( primitive k ( a/ronomy1 yet ! d\bt w ev] cause a fatal unc]ta9ty 9 any calculations1 s9ce1 if ! k1 or ! k ( ! p>ticul> obs]vations & facts1 _h at any "t be5 import$1 !y might h calculat$ back _! eclipses1 z has be5 prov$ to h be5 done 9 ,india4 ,let u !n1 exclud+ ! purely a/ronomical calculations1 closely scrut9ise ! evid5ce :i* tradition af=ds2 = if we c discov] tradition ( appe>ances ( r>e occurr5ce1 & :i* are difficult to calculate1 su* z _m ( ! planet>y conjunctions1 !y mu/1 z ,b>on ,buns5 obs]ves 7,egypt1 iii4 p4 #chi71 ei!r be pure inv5tions1 or contempor>y notations ( "s extraord9>y natural ph5om5a4 ,b>on ,buns5 proce$s to say3--,"o in/ance t may be cit$ is ! traditional obs]vation ( a conjunction ( five planets 7among :i* ! sun & moon are m5tion$71 on ! fir/ day ( ,lit%91 9 ! "t ( ,t%u5-hi1 ! second successor ( ,hoang-ti4 ,suppose ?is %\ld h be5 ! great conjunction ( ! ?ree upp] planets :i* recurs e #gid ye>s & f\r mon?s1 & to :i* ,kepl] fir/ turn$ 8 att5tion 9 ref]5ce to ! ye> ( ! nativity ( ,*ri/4 ,x took place 9 ! foll[+ ye>s4 ,! "o :i* occurr$ 9 hi/orical times 0 9 ,novemb]1 sev5 ye>s ,b4,c42 consequ5tly ! conjunctions prior to x occurr$ 9-- ,yrs4 ,mos4 ,dys4 #gid #d #ab #g #aj #ab --------------------- #ghf #f #j #gid #d #ab --------------------- #aehj #aj #ab ,& ! conjunction 9 #gid #d #ab --------------------- ,! "t ( ,t%u5-hi 9 #bcge #b #bd ,accord+ to ! (ficial ,*9ese tables1 z giv5 by ,idel]1 he reign$ f #beac ,b4,c4 to #bdcf ,b4,c42 b ! dates v>y to ! ext5t ( m ?an #bjj ye>s1 & ! ye> #bcge comes )9 ! limits ( ^! deviations4 ,b>on ,buns51 we may !n assume1 has v skilfully br\ght back ,*9ese *ronology to )9 two g5]ations ( ,hoang-ti 7supra74 ,if we c\ld fur!r id5tify ,hoang-ti ) ,noah1 two patri>*al g5]ations w\ld br+ u close to ! date ( ! ,deluge z fix$ by ! ,septuag9t1 if we ref]r$ !m1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to ! dea? ( ,noah4 ,be=e proce$+ to ?is id5tification1 ,i mu/ po9t to ano!r *ronological fact 9 ,*9ese tradition1 :i* w\ld give to ?is id5tification an antec$5t probability4 ,x 0 /at$ 7,buns51 ,egypt1 iii4 #chc7 t ,hoang-ti e/abli%$ ! a/ronomical cycle ( #fj ye>s 9 ! sixty-fir/ ye> ( 8 reign4 ,at p4 #chg1 ,buns5 says3 ,! sci5tific problem ?us (f]$ = our solution is ! foll[+--,x is admitt$ t ! ,*9ese1 f ! e>lie/ times1 made use ( a sexagesimal cycle = ! division ( ! ye> #f #fj days 7#cfj days71 & !y m>k$ ! ye>s by a cycle ( #fj ye>s1 runn+ concurr5tly ) ! cycle ( days4 ,?is cycle1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 orig9ally in/itut$ at a "t :5 ! fir/ day ( ! daily cycle co9cid$ ) ! fir/ ye> ( ! annual cycle1 i4e4 :5 !y comm5c$ on ! same day4 ,idel] ?9ks x impossible to asc]ta9 ?is1 ow+ to ! irregul>ity ( ! old cal5d>4 ,we may ask1 !n1 :at ye> t c\ld be nam$ w\ld s exactly satisfy ^! conditions z ! sixty-fir/ ye> ( ! reign ( ,noah aft] ! ,deluge8#ea ,let u1 moreov]1 consid] h[ traditional ?is cycle ( sixty ye>s has be5 7p4 #chf71--,scalig] made ! rem>k t ! twelve ye>ly zodiacal cycle1 :i* is 9 use among ! ,t>t>s 7,mongols1 ,m&%us1 ,igurians71 ! inhabitants ( ,?ibet1 ! ,japanese & ,siamese dat$ f ! e>lie/ times4 ,among ! ,t>t>ic populations1 h[ev]1 ?is is a cycle ( sixty ye>s 7#ab #e72 ( ! ,indians we h already spok54 #ea ,m>t9i 7,hi/oria ,s9ica1 p4 #ad1 edit4 ,monac47 ass]ts t ! ,egyptians comput$ by ! era ( sixty ye>s ( ,hoangho4 ,see ,de ,vignolle's ,miscellanea ,b]ol95sia1 ,i4 iv4 #cg1 on ! cycle ( mon?s4 ,comp>e ,idel]1 ,app4 ix41 note f ,buns51 iii4 #che4 ,humboldt 7,vues des ,cordillres1 p4 #adi2 ,prescott1 ,mex41 i4 #aje7 seems to say t1 among ! ,*9ese1 ,japanese1 ,moghols1 ,mant*\s1 & o!r families ( ! ,t>t> race 7comp>e ,mexican1 d471 _! s]ies 0 compos$ ( symbols ( _! five elem5ts1 & ! twelve zodiacal signs1 mak+ a cycle ( sixty ye>s duration4 ,?is is n incompatible )1 ! allegation t x is ! era ( sixty ye>s ( ,hoangho4 ,x w h already be5 se5 t ! cycle ( sixty ye>s ent]$ into ! ,*aldean sy/em--viz4 cycle ( #fj ye>s a sossos1 #fjj ye>s a s>os1 #cfjj ye>s a n]os4 ,n[ :5 we f9d 7,buns51 p4 #chg7 t six hundr$ ye>s gives an excess ( exactly "o lun> mon?1 ) f> great] accuracy ?an ! ,julian ye>1 su* a cycle mu/ h be5 indisp5sable :5 t ( sixty ye>s 0 9 use1 & consequ5tly mu/ h be5 employ$ by ! ,*9ese1 or1 at all ev5ts1 h be5 kn[n to ^? f :om !y borr[$ ! latt]4 ,josephus also calls six hundr$ ye>s ! great ye>1 :i* may h be5 obs]v$ by ! patri>*4 ,& at p4 #djg1 9 summ+ up ! g5]al *ronological result1 he says3-- a4 444 ,! e>lie/ ,*9ese *ronology re/s ^u a conv5tional basis peculi> to itself1 t ( limit+ ! lun> ye> by a cycle ( six hundr$ ye>s1 :i* is common to ! :ole ( ,nor? ,asia & ! ,*aldeans2 & probably 7z x is also met ) 9 ,india7 to ! ,bactrians also3 ?is basis is hi/orical4 b4 ,! communication took place be=e ! ,*aldees inv5t$ ! cycle ( six hundr$ ye>s4 ,f our po9t ( view1 believ+ t ! ,*aldees nev] inv5t$ ! cycle b held to x traditionally1 ! above conclusion mu/ be con/ru$ to mean t ! communication1 or diffusion ( ! k1 mu/ h tak5 place be=e ! lapse ( ! fir/ six hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,deluge1 :i* w be fur!r confirm$ by conclusion c4 c4 ,! ,*9ese obs]vation is bas$ ^u ! ,babylonian gnomon1 :i* appe>s to me tantam\nt to ! admission t x took place1 9 ! pla9s ( ,mesopotamia1 previ\s to ! ,disp]sion4 ,9 arriv+1 !n1 at ! sixty-fir/ ye> ( ! reign ( ,hoang-ti1 we are l$ up to su* close proximity to ! epo* ( ! ,deluge1 t ! presumption t ,hoang-ti 0 ,noah w\ld be /rong1 ev5 if no o!r evid5ce 0 at h& to corroborate x4 ,x is ) ?is supplem5t>y evid5ce t ,i n[ propose to deal4 ,al?\gh ! tradition ( ! ,*9ese is rem>kably accurate1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 yet 9 ! p]iod beyond t po9t1 :]e ! confusion is manife/1 !re is no reason :y we %\ld n expect to f9d ! same r$uplications & amalgamations ( ante & po/ diluvian traditions1 :i* we h already f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( o!r nations4 ,)\t attempt+ to unravel all complications1 let u turn aga9 to ,buns5 7iii4 #chb71 & sett+ aside ,pu-an-ku1 ! primeval man :o came out ( ! mundane egg & liv$ eighte5 ?\s& ye>s1 & :o has resemblances ) ! ,assyrian ,ra & ,ana1 & ! ,egyptian ,ra1 ! son ( ,p?a 7to :om ?irty ?\s& are allott$1 vide infra1 p4 #ig-ajj71 & ,sui-%91 :o discov]$ fire1 & :o is ! c\nt]p>t ( ,prome!us 7vide p4 #ahj74 ,reg>d+ ,pu-an-ku1 ! cosmical1 & ,sui-%91 z ! my?ical tradition ( ,adam1 we come to ! hi/orical tradition 9 ! p]son ( ,fohi4 ,i4 ,fohi ! great1 ! brilliant 7,tai-hao7 cultivator ( a/ronomy & religion1 z well z writ+4 ,he reign$ "o hundr$ & t5 ye>s4 ,!n came fifte5 reigns4 ,,ii4 ,%9-nong 7div9e husb&man72 in/itution ( agriculture2 ! k ( simples appli$ z ! art ( m$ic9e4 ,comp>e pp4 #baj-bad1 ,saturn1 ,bac*us1 sculapius4 ,,iii4 ,hoang-ti 7great rul]7 came to ! ?rone 9 consequ5ce ( an arm$ insurrection 7new dyna/y71 & 0 oblig$ to put d[n a revolt4 ,9 8 reign ! magnetic ne$le 0 discov]$2 ! smelt+ ( copp] = mak+ weapons2#eb vases ( high art1 & money2 improvem5t 9 ! writt5 "*1 said to be borr[$ f ! l9es on ! tortoise-%ell4 ,x consi/s ( five hundr$ hi]oglyphics1 ( :i* two hundr$ c /ill be po9t$ out4 ,he e/abli%$ fix$ habitations ?r\gh\t 8 dom9ions1 & ! a/ronomical cycle ( sixty ye>s 9 ! sixty-fir/ ye> ( 8 reign 7vide supra1 #fa72 musical in/rum5ts4 ,x 0 9 8 "t also t ! fabul\s bird ,s9 appe>$4 ,! empire 0 consid]ably ext5d$ to ! s\?w>d4--,buns51 #chb4 #eb ,?is tradition w\ld seem to confirm ,bryant's 7,my?ology1 iii4 #ehd7 conjecture t ,hoang-ti 0 ,ham4 ,b ,hoang-ti z ,ham1 may absorb & incorporate1 z we h se5 9 o!r in/ances1 ! hi/ory ( 8 prog5itors2 &1 moreov]1 :e!r he is ,noah or ,ham1 w\ld sc>cely affect ! *ronological argum5t4 ,if we take ,fohi z ,adam1 ! fifte5 reigns :i* foll[ w be> analogy ) ! fifte5 g5]ations ( ! ,cynic cycle 7vide ,palm] i4 p4 #h1 #bc-cg2 also vide infra71 & w correspond to ! ?irte5 g5]ations1 viz4 ! t5 ant$iluvian1 & ! ?ree survivors 7exclud+ ,noah7 ( ! ,deluge 9 ! ,egyptian *ronology 7vide infra74 ,%9-nong1 ! div9e husb&man1 w be ,noah1 & ,hoang-ti1 ,%em or ,ham1 or else ! two w be r$uplicate traditions ( ,noah4 ,comp>e ! attributions ( ,hoang-ti ) ^? ( ,hoa 9 ! ,assyrian tradition1 p4 #bci4 ,c]ta9 /atem5ts reg>d+ him--e4g4 t he suppress$ an insurrection1 accord m ne>ly ) epi!ts appli$ to ,n91 ! fi%-god1 :om ,i h consid]$ a duplicate ( ,hoa 7p4 #bja71 e4g4 ! de/roy] ( enemies1--! r$uc] ( ! disob$i5t1--! ext]m9ator ( rebels4 ,comp>e ) ! ,pho5ician tradition1 p4 #baa1 ( ,saturn caus+ ! de/ruction ( 8 son ,sadid by ! ,deluge4 ,! appe>ance ( ! fabul\s bird ,s91 seems a rem9isc5ce ( ! birds s5t out ( ! ark1 :i* is s frequ5t 9 tradition4 ,comp>e ! my/]y bird 7! dove7 9 ! ,m&an c]emonies1--! wor%ip ( ! pigeon 9 ,ca%m]e1#ec c4 ,o!r co9cid5ces might be po9t$ if space all[$4 #ec ,on ! wor%ip ( ! pigeon 9 ,ca%m]e1 vide ,travels 9 ,ka%mir1 by ,g4 ,g4 ,vigne1 ,esq41 ,f4,g4,s41 ii4 p4 #aa1 #ac4 #ahdd4 ,b analog\s to ! d\ble tradition ( ! ,deluge 9 ,assyria 9 ! p]sons ( ,hoa & ,n92 &1 aga91 by a di/9ct *annel ( tradition 9 ,xisu?rus 7vide pp4 #bjh1 #bji71 z 9 ,*9a1 !re seems to h be5 a simil> r$uplication 9 ,*9a 9 _! k+s ,hoang-ti & ,yao or ,yu4#ed #ed ,! r$uplication may h occurr$ 9 ?is way4 ,hoang-ti be+ ,noah1 ,yao or ,yu may h be5 8 desc5dant "u :om !y settl$ 9 ,*9a at ! t]m9ation ( _! migration4 ,?is is confirm$ by ,buns5's view1 iii4 #dje 7iv4 & v47 ,9 :i* case x w\ld n be at all unnatural to suppose t ! traditions app]ta9+ to ! remote prog5itor1 w\ld 9 "t settle d[n ^u ! head ( ! actual f\nd]4 ,*evali] de ,p>avey 7vide ,ga9et1 i4 #ic71 a tr\v un hi]oglyphe *9ois qui nomme la femme de ,hoang-ti ',adamon' t]re jaune1 et si non signifie celle qui entrane les autres dans son propre mal4 ,?is w\ld m]ely be ! confusion betwe5 ,noah & ,adam :i* we h se5 to occur 9 almo/ e in/ance4 ,is n ! ,japanese god ,amida ,adima1 or p]haps to ,adamon--i4e41 confus$ 9 relation%ip to ,hoang-ti or ,noah8 :at confirms ! impression is1 t ,adima's son is ,canon4 ,qu]y1 ,*anaan4 ,n[ "u ?is ,yao or ,yu1 accord+ to ,*9ese tradition 7pres]v$1 moreov]1 9 ! inscription ( ,yu71 !re happ5$ ! ,deluge1 or a ,deluge4 ,b z !re is a confusion betwe5 ,hoang-ti & ,yao1 s !re is betwe5 ,yao & ,yu4 ,buns51 h[ev]1 admits ^! latt] to be id5tical4 ,b al?\gh ,buns5 ass]ts ! au!nticity ( ! inscription 7z also does ,klapro?71 he utt]ly sc\ts ! idea t x is a tradition ( ! ,deluge1 & ma9ta9s t x is itself evid5ce ( a local inundation4 ,let u see4 ,all ! confusion or ignorance1 says ,buns5 7#cih71 ( ! mission>ies 9 ?is matt]1 arises f _! believ+ t ?is ev5t ref]r$ to ! ,flood ( ,noah1 :i* nev] rea*$ ?is c\ntry4 ,& 7p4 #djf71 he says ! inundation 9 ! reign ( ,yao _h j z mu* to d ) ,noah's flood z ! dams he creat$1 & ! canals he dug1 _h to d ) ! ark4 ,?is is said ) ref]5ce to ! %ort ,*9ese acc\nt ( x publi%$ by ,klapro?1 viz4-- ,9 ! sixty-fir/ ye> ( ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,yao1 s]i\s mis*ief 0 caus$ by inundations4 ,! emp]or took c\nsel ) ! great m5 ( ! empire1 :o advis$ him to employ ,ku5 to dra9 (f ! wat]4 ,ku5 0 engag$ ^u x = n9e ye>s )\t success1 & 0 condemn$ to be imprison$ = life4 ,8 son ,yu 0 appo9t$ 9 8 /ead4 ,at ! end ( n9ete5 ye>s he succe$$ 9 /opp+ ! inundation1 & made a report to ! emp]or ^u ! subject4 ,let u turn1 h[ev]1 f ?is lat] gloss to ! inscription itself1 translat$ by ,buns51 p4 #cii-- ,! ,emp]or said1 ',oh ?\ ,gov]nor ( ! f\r m\nta9s ( ! ,empire6 ,! swell+ flood is produc+ mis*ief2 ,x spreads itself f> & wide2 ,x surr\nds ! hills1 x ov]fl[s ! dams2 ,ru%+ impetu\sly along x rises up to ,heav53 ,! common p compla9 & sigh4' --,vide supra1 p4 #cif4 ,! v5]able ,emp]or exclaim$ ) a sigh1 ',ho assi/ant ,c\nsellor6 ! isl&s great & small up to ! m\nta9's top2 ,! door ( ! birds & ( bea/s1 all is ov]fl[$ toge!r-- ,is swamp$3 be x ?y c>e to op5 ! way1 to let (f ! wat]4' ,he !n says3-- ,my task is complet$2 my sacrifice ,i h (f]$ 9 ! second mon?1 tr\ble is at an end1 ! d>k de/9y is *ang$2 ! /reams ( ! s\? fl[ d[n to ! sea2 g>m5ts are prep>$2 food is provid$2 all ! nations h re/2 ! p enjoy !mselves ) gambols & danc+4--7,comp>e ,commemorative ,fe/ivals1 infra1 p4 #bdi74 ,i %\ld h ?\ght t all ^! phrases po9t$ mu* m to a univ]sal ,deluge ?an to a local inundation4 ,b ,buns5 says 7#cih7-- ,! fact is fully prov$ bo? by ! inscription & ! "w ( ,yu itself4 ,! inscription 0 on ! top ( ! m\nta91 ,yu-lu-fun1 9 ! di/rict ( ,%5-%u-lu4 ,ow+ to its hav+ become illegible 9 e>ly times1 x 0 remov$ to ! top ( an adjo9+ m\nta94 444 ,! =m] locality tallies exactly ) ! v int]e/+ description ( ! empire 9 ! "t ( ,yu1 :i* we f9d at ! op5+ ( ! second book ( ! ,%uk+4 ,& ,buns5 concludes1 ,x may be presum$ aft] ?is v]ification1 t 9 future nobody w s]i\sly d\bt ! /rictly epic description ( ! ,%uk+ 9 ! ,canon ( ,yu1 z above4 ,s f> f be+ impress$ by ! discov]y ( ! monum5t on ! top ( ! local m\nta91 z evid5ce ( ! local deluge1 ,i c see 9 x only a memorial ( ! univ]sal ,deluge localis$2 & ,i _c help consid]+ x 9 connection ) ! wor%ip ( ! tops ( m\nta9s1 ( :i* we %all f9d traces else:]e 7p4 #bdd-df74 ,surely ,b>on ,buns5 proves too mu*1 & describes to u a deluge :i* mu/ h be5 on ! scale ( ! univ]sal ,deluge = all c\ntries bel[ ! level ( ! m\nta9 ,yu-lu-fun4 ,b1 let x be said1 t ?is description1 s accordant ) ! description ( ! flood1 0 m]ely ,*9ese exagg]ation4 ,i "h wi% to po9t out two curi\s co9cid5ces4 ,:at if we %all f9d works simil> ( ^? to ,yao or ,yu1 ascrib$ to ! orig9al f\nd]s 9 ,egypt & ,ca%m]e8 ,z 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ,i %all h to quote f ,b>on ,buns5 himself1 ,i am surpris$ t ! co9cid5ce %\ld h escap$ 8 obs]vation4 ,?is is ! acc\nt giv5 ( ,m5es ! fir/ k+ ( ,egypt by ,h]odotus--,m5es1 ! fir/ k+ ( ,egypt1 z ! prie/s in=m$ me1 protect$ ,memphis by a dam aga9/ ! riv] :i* ran t[>ds ! s&y *a9 ( ! ,libyan ,m\nta9s4 ,ab\t #ajj /adia above ,memphis1 he made an embankm5t aga9/ ! b5d ( ! riv]1 :i* is on ! s\? side4 ,! effect ( ?is 0 to dry up its anci5t b$1 z well z to =ce ! /ream betwe5 ! two *a9s ( m\nta9s4 ,?is b5d ( ! ,nile1 :i* is conf9$ )9 ! embankm5t walls1 0 v c>efully att5d$ to by ! ,p]sians1 & repair$ e ye>4 ,=1 if ! riv] 7 to bur/ ?r\gh its banks & ov]fl[ at ?is po9t1 all ,memphis w\ld be 9 dang] ( be+ swamp$4 ,m5es1 ! olde/ ( _! k+s1 hav+ ?us dra9$ ! tract ( l& by means ( ! dyke1 built ^u x ! city n[ call$ ,memphis1 :i* lies 9 ! m\nta9 valley ( ,egypt4 ,to ! we/ & nor? he dug a lake r\nd x1 :i* communicates ) ! riv]--on ! ea/ x is b\nd$ by ! ,nile--& aft]w>ds erect$ 9 x a temple to ,vulcan1 a spl5did edifice1 des]v+ ( especial notice 7ii4 #dh74 ,buns5 fully endorses ?is acc\nt--,h]odotus1 !re=e1 has record$ ! foll[+ fact1 t be=e ! "t ( ,m5es ! ,nile ov]fl[$ ! tract ( c\ntry :i* he fix$ ^u z ! site ( 8 new metropolis 7p4 #di & p4 #ea74 ,!re is no f\ndation :atev] = ,&riossy's hypo!sis t ! /ory orig9at$ 9 ! fact ( ! ,nile hav+ once run we/w>d f ! ,pyramid m\nta9s to ,bahr ,bela ,ma 7/ream )\t wat]7 & ! ,natron & ,m>eotic ,lakes4 ,h]odotus m5tions an hi/orical fact1 & describes ! "w ( an hi/orical k+4 ,&riossy's hypo!sis1 if well f\nd$1 w\ld belong to geology4 ,a sagaci\s & well-f\nd$ rem>k on ! "p ( ,b>on ,buns51 b1 z ,i submit1 equally applicable to ! "w ( ,yao or ,yu4 ,m]ely not+ t1 if ! above "w 0 really c>ri$ out by ,m5es1 & x w\ld h be51 f ! po9t ( view ( ,g5esis1 s c>ri$ out at a p]iod contempor>y ) t ( ,yao or ,yu--&1 moreov]1 conc$+ to x 9 any case 7,i mean ! "w ( ,m5es7 a c]ta9 hi/orical basis--let u dispassionately comp>e bo? ) ! passage f ,klapro?1 :i* ,i %all n[ extract4 ,x is tak5 f ! ,sanscrit ,hi/ory ( ,ca%m]e4#ee #ee ,klapro? says3--,! only ,sanscrit hi/ory des]v+ ! "n ( ! *ronicle ( ! k+s ( ,ka%mir1 ,radja ,p>+9'i1 translat$ by ,w4 ,h4 ,wilson4--,klapro?1 ,mem4 ,relatif ,l',asie4 ,klapro? says3-- ,! ,h9doo hi/ory ( ,ka%mir assures u t ! beautiful valley :i* =ms ?is k+dom 0 orig9ally a va/ lake1 call$ ,satis>as4 ,?is acc\nt is also agreeable to ! local traditions ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x 0 ,kasy'apa1 a holy p]son :o1 accord+ to ! ,h9doo hi/orians1 caus$ ! wat]s :i* cov]$ ?is valley to escape4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,m>i*i1 ! son ( ,brahma4 ,! ,mahometan writ]s call him ,ka*ef or ,ka*eb1 & _m ( !m pret5d t he 0 a god1 or a g5ius1 & s]vant ( ,soliman1 "u ^: ord]s he effect$ ! dry+ up ( ,ka%mir4 ,to execute ?is task he made1 ne> ,b>amanleh1 a passage across ! m\nta9s1 ?r\gh :i* ! wat] pass$4444 ,! t]ritory1 recov]$ 9 ?is way by ,kasy'apa1 0 also peopl$ by ?is holy man1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! sup]ior gods1 :om he br\ght = ?is purpose f heav51 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! sev5? manwant>a1 or t 9 :i* we are n[4 ,klapro? adds3--,we mu/ !re=e suppose t ,ka%mir has be5 subject$ to ! same p]iodical revolutions z ! o!r p>ts ( ! _w1 if we w\ld reconcile ?is date ) ! ord9>y *ronology4#ef #ef ,comp>e ! foll[+ acc\nt ( exi/+ cu/oms 9 ,ca%mir ) ! above extract f ,klapro? & *4 xi41 ) commemorative fe/ivals ( ! ,deluge4 ,mr ,g4 ,g4 ,vigne 7,travels 9 ,ka%mir1 ii4 #ic7 says3--,:at has be5 poetically t]m$ ! fea/ ( roses1 has ( late ye>s be5 r ! fea/ ( sign>as or wat]-nuts4 ,x is held1 ,i believe1 ab\t ! #a/ ,may1 :5 plum-trees & roses are 9 full bloom1 & is call$ ! ,%ak]gal1 f ! ,p]sian %ak]gan1 to bl[ a blossom ! ,m&an c]emony took place :5 ! will[ fl[]$4--,catl91 p4 #f4 ,! ri*] classes come 9 boats to ! foot ( ! ,tukt1 asc5d x1 & h a fea/ ^u ! summit1 eat+ m p>ticul>ly ( sign>as 7wat]-nuts74 ,! fea/ ( ! ,no-w>h 7new place7 takes place at ! v]nal equ9ox comp>e ,noah1 ,taurus1 at :i* p]iod ! valley is said to h be5 dra9$4 ,x is held *iefly at ! ,b or idol /one on ,h>i p>b4 ,qu]y--,c ?is be ! ark or big canoe 9 ! ,m&an celebration8 ,consid]+ ! prom95ce ( boats 9 all ^! my/]ies1 & consid]+ ! resemblance ( b to boat1 & ! l analogies 9 s _m languages 7,sanskrit1 pota boat7 7vide ,vicomte d',anselme1 infra1 p4 #aif71 may we be p]mitt$ ! conjecture until correct$4 ,comp>e also p4 #bfh1 ,ogilby's ,japan1 ,cook4 c41 p4 #bga4 ,x mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be conc$$ t we h n[ be=e u ?ree v simil> acc\nts ( works und]tak5 ) ref]5ce to ! reclamation ( inundat$ l&4 ,all are und]tak5 by ! fir/ f\nd]s ( _! respective k+doms--k+doms widely sep>at$ & inhabit$ by p ( div]se race--& all1 m or less1 contemporane\sly4 ,! ,egyptians & ,ka%m]ian h po9ts 9 common z to _! mode ( reclamation1 :il/ ! ,*9ese & ,ka%m]ian h /ill m 9 common ) ! n>rative 9 ,g5esis4#eg #eg ,i h s9ce f\nd ?is id5tical tradition 7vide p4 #cbe7 among ! ,mozca ,indians4 ,bo%i*a1 x is said1 taught !m to build & to s[1 =m$ !m into communities1 ,,gave ,,an ,,outlet ,,to ,,! ,,wat]s ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,lake1 c4 ,?is seems demon/ratively to prove1 ei!r t ! ,mozca ,indians 7,s\? ,am]ica7 came f ,*9a1 ,india1 or ,egypt--:i* ,i h cont5d$ = at p4 #bff--or else1 :i* makes ! argum5t ,i h 9 h& /rong]1 !y h transmitt$ an id5tical tradition by a diff]5t *annel4 ,f\r solutions occur to me z possible4 ,ei!r !y 7 obscure or p]v]t$ traditions ( ! ,deluge1 or _! works 7 traditions ( simil> works effect$ by ,noah aft] ! ,deluge2 or ^! works 7 actually c>ri$ out ^u ! prec$5t & model ( simil> works effect$ by ,noah2 or !y 7 =tuit\s co9cid5ces4 ,^u ei!r ( ! ?ree =m] conclusions1 x w be %[n t traditions ( ! ,deluge1 direct or indirect1 exi/ bo? 9 ,egypt & ,*9a1 :]e x has be5 s confid5tly ass]t$ t no tradition is to be f\nd2 & 9 ! latt] case1 :at is m especially to my purpose1 a tradition :i* br+s ,yao into relation ) ,noah & ,hoang-ti4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i mu/ rem>k t :5 x is urg$ t !re is no tradition1 or b slight tradition1 ( ! flood 9 ,egypt1 we h a "r to reply t !re is no c\ntry :]e we %\ld h s little reason to expect x4 ,if !re is any c\ntry :]e we %\ld ?9k x likely t ! rem9isc5ces ( ! ,deluge w\ld be effac$1 x w\ld be 9 a c\ntry p]iodically subject to inundations1 :]e ! p are annually made famili> ) its incid5ts1 & :]e its recurr5ce is n to !m a cause ( al>m1 b a matt] ( expectation & joy4#eh #eh ,! ,*9ese :o migrat$ be=e ! ,deluge 7sic7 h no rem9isc5ces1 any m ?an ! ,egyptians1 ( ! great cata/rophe :i* we "k by ! "n ( ! ,flood ( ,noah 7,buns5's ,egypt1 iii4 #cig74 ,palm] 7,egypt4 ,*ron41 i4 p4 #ch7 says1 ) ref]5ce to a c]ta9 date--,?is is only = su* z "k ! true date ( ! flood1 ! end ( ! old _w--an epo* by no means to be nam$1 nor ev5 directly allud$ to1 by any ,egyptian4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,*ronology ,,f ,,! ,,po9t ,,( ,,view ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,al?\gh ! te/imony ( hi/ory is def9ite & decisive z to ! *ronology ( ! _w1 )9 ! limits ( a few hundr$ ye>s1 !re is a g5]al assumption1 9 all bran*es ( sci5tific inquiry1 t man mu/ h exi/$ _m ?\s& ye>s beyond ! p]iod ?us assign$ to him4 ,lyell speaks ( ! va/ness ( "t#ei requir$ = 8 developm5t1 & ,buns51 z we h se51 requires tw5ty ?\s& ye>s1 at lea/1 betwe5 ! ,deluge & ! nativity ( our ,"l3 & :]e=e ?is discrepancy8 ,because ( a fundam5tal assumption--n m]ely hypo!tical = ! conv5i5ce ( inquiry--b confid5t & absolute2 an assumption :i*1 s f> z ! argum5t is conc]n$1 is ! v matt] 9 dispute--t man mu/ h progress$ & develop$ to ! po9t at :i* we see him4 #ei ,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 t5? edition1 #ahfh1 ii4 p4 #dga4 ,at ! same "t1 ! actual *ronology _c be altoge!r ignor$1 & "s cognisance mu/ be tak5 ( ! facts :i* hi/ory pres5ts to u2 & x is ?is un=tunate exig5cy1 int]rupt+ ! placid c\rse ( developm5t1 :i* n unfrequ5tly l&s sci5tific inquir]s ( ! fir/ em95ce 9 difficulties f :i* x w take an indef9ite lapse ( "t to extricate !m2 ex4 gra41 ,buns51 9 8 ,egypt1 iii4 #cgi1 says-- ,x has be5 m ?an once rem>k$1 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w1 t ! connection betwe5 ! ,*9ese & ! ,egyptians belongs1 9 sev]al ( its phases1 to ! g5]al hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,! ,*9ese language is ! fur!/ po9t beyond t ( ! =mation ( ! ,egyptian language1 :i* repres5ts1 z comp>$ ) x1 ! middle ages ( mank9d1--viz41 ! ,turanian & ,*amitic /ages ( developm5t4 ,! conclusion ( philology 7vide also ,brace's ,e?nology1 p4 #aad7 is1 !re=e1 t ! ,turanian or ,*amitic grew out ( ! m inorganic & elem5t>y ,*9ese4 ,n[1 let u comp>e ,lyell's conclusions ) ,buns5's4 ,lyell equally believes 7,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 ii4 #dga7 t ?ree or f\r ?\s& ye>s is b a m9ute fraction ( ! "t requir$ to br+ ab\t su* wide div]g5ce f a common p>5t /ock1 'z betwe5' ! ,negroes & ,greeks & ,jews1 ,mongols & ,h9doos1 repres5t$ on ! ,egyptian monum5ts4 ,at ! same "t1 he endorses ,sir ,john ,lubbock's view1 & pron\nces1 ^u :at appe>s to me v light & insuffici5t gr\nds 7ii4 #dgi71 t ! !ory1 !re=e1 t ! savage races h be5 degrad$ f a previ\s /ate ( civilisation may be reject$3 & by implication t ! civilis$ races h progress$ f ! savage /ate may be affirm$4#fj #fj ,! gr\nd ^u :i* ,lyell pron\nces ?is judgm5t is 7ii4 #dgi7 t no fragm5t ( pott]y has be5 f\nd among ! nations ( ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 & ! ,polynesian isl&s any m ?an anci5t ar*itectural rema9s1 9 all :i* respects1 ^! rude m5 n[ liv+1 resemble ! m5 ( ! ,paloli?ic age2 :5 pott]y is kn[n to all1 x is always abundant1 &1 ?\gh easy to break1 is difficult to de/roy4 ,x is improbable t s useful an art %\ld ev] h be5 lo/ by any race ( man4 ,! argum5t is /rongly put1 b _m ?+s are left out ( consid]ation4 ,suppos+ ! primitive k1 is n pott]y "o ( ! arts :i* w\ld be mo/ likely to be lo/ 9 a migration across ! seas8 ,aga91 t !y _h no pott]y1 & t ! ,paloli?ic age _h no pott]y1 %[s t 9 ! int]val !re _h be5 no progress4 ,:5 w !re be8 ,z to ! circum/ance t x is ! same among ! ,au/ralians & ,polynesians1 ! fact cuts bo? ways4 ,y assume t !re is a uni=mity 9 progress1 b may n !re be ! same uni=mity 9 ! processes ( degradation8 &1 assum+ ! fact1 may x n simply prove t ^! savages h rea*$ ! same dep? z ! o!r savages8--,vide app5dix to *4 xii4 ,i h1 !n1 only to assume "o po9t t ,sir ,c4 ,lyell w conc$e1 ! ord] ( progress or developm5t to h be5 f black to :ite1 & t he w pay u ! complim5t ( be+ ! m fav\r$ race4 ,b ( all ! races t are ak9 to ! ,mongol or ,turanian1 ! ,*9ese are ! :ite/1 & mo/ ne>ly approa* ! ,european 9 col\r4 ,h[ _m ye>s1 !n1 may we suppose t x took ! ,*9ese to progress f ! black /ate ( ! ,egyptian8 z _m1 let u conjecture1 z x took ! ,egyptian to progress l+ui/ically f ! /ate ( ! ,*9ese or ,mongol6 ,?is is "o in/ance ( ! entanglem5t 9 :i* ! !ory ( progress1 pure & simple1 f a p>5t /ock w involve u4 ,! obvi\s mode ( escape w\ld be to d5y ! unity ( ! human race1 a conclusion :i* w\ld at once l& u 9 ! d>kness ( a /ill l[] abyss1 & conv]t our processes f be+ sci5tific 9 =m & hopeful ( result1 into empirical & aimless conjectures4 ,= ei!r ! !ory is />t$ t ! v>i\s races ( mank9d 7 creat$ sep>ately1 9 :i* case we fly into ! face ( ! only acc\nt we h ( creation1 & also ( ! multi=m te/imonies :i* hi/ory & sci5ce br+ to atte/ ?is tru?1 & we1 moreov]1 deb> ourselves f fall+ back ^u any uni=m !ory applicable to ! :ole human race2 or if1 )\t adv]t5ce to creation1 we suppose mank9d to h be5 v>i\sly develop$1 "h aga9 we %all equally f9d ourselves cut (f f ! application ( any uni=m hi/orical !ory1 equally unable to acc\nt = or to exclude ! te/imony ( hi/ory1 & 9 ! end r$uc$ to ! evid5ces1 :atev] !y may be wor?1 ( c]ta9 real or fanci$ analogies4#fa ,at ?is po9t1 ! hi/orical inquiry w be virtually ab&on$1 & ! records ( ! pa/ m]g$ 9 ! ph5om5a ( life1 w be consid]$ only 9 ! light ( "s pan!i/ic or mat]iali/ic !ory1 or1 s f> z x is di/+ui%able1 ( "s !ory ( evolution4 #fa ,! foll[+ passage f ,m4 ,a4 ,ba/ian's article 9 ,! ,academy1 ,june #ae1 #ahga1 ,on ! ,p ( ,india1 seems to me to af=d an illu/ration 9 po9t--,! natural sy/em becomes an indisp5sable necessity 9 e sci5ce1 s soon z x is cle>ly se5 t ! "q is n ( classification1 b ( obs]vation (1 & insight into1 law4 ,classification 0 long held to be ! sole end1 in/ead ( be+ m]ely or ma9ly ! means ( /udy4 ,z1 9 ?is respect1 sy/ematic botany gave place to vegetable physiology1 s1 9 l mann]1 e?nology w h to look ^u its classification ( race--) :i* ! s*ool books hi!rto h be5 almo/ exclusively occupi$--z m]ely a prelim9>y /ep t[>ds a physiology ( mank9d1 & to a sci5ce ( ! laws :i* gov]n its spiritual gr[?4 ,n[1 if no physiology ( mank9d1 9 ! s5se "h int5d$1 c be trac$1 & if ! sci5ce ( ! laws :i* gov]n its spiritual gr[? 7vide infra1 an exposition ( ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld's !ory7 has come to no def9ite conclusion1 !n ! only result1 z f> z sci5ce is conc]n$1 w h be5 ! revolutionis+ ( its classifications1 & ! classifications ( ! diff]5t races ( m5 7&1 9 s f> z !y h be5 accurately asc]ta9$1 _! confusion w be matt] ( regret7 is ! legitimate & ultimate end ( e?nology "u normal conditions4 ,i am no long] conc]n$ ) any ( ^! !ories ! mom5t !y disc>d ! hi/orical elem5t2 & ,i %all1 accord+ly1 return to ! !ory ( ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 :i* is hone/ly bas$ ^u x4 ,:5 all is said1 ,i _c make out t ,sir ,john adduces any argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! antiquity ( ! human race :i* does n resolve itself into ! contra/ betwe5 our civilisation & ! degradation ( savages2 & t ! "t :i* mu/ h elaps$ to br+ ab\t ?is trans=mation is measur$ by ! fact t ! negro1 ( ! true ,nigritian /amp1 appe>s ^u ! ,egyptian monum5ts1 at lea/ z f> back z ,b4,c4 #bdjj4 ,hi/orians1 philologi/s1 & physiologi/s h alike admitt$ t ! %ort p]iod all[$ 9 ,ar*bi%op ,u%]'s *ronology c\ld h>dly be reconcil$ ) ! hi/ory ( "s ,ea/]n nations1 & t x did n leave room = ! developm5t ei!r ( ! diff]5t languages or ( ! num]\s physical peculi>ities by :i* v>i\s races ( m5 are di/+ui%$4#fb ,z no facts 9 ! hi/ory ( ,ea/]n nations are adduc$1 ,i %all consid] t ?is "p ( ! argum5t has be5 suffici5tly dispos$ ( 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s1 & if !y _h be5 adduc$1 ,i v5ture to ?9k t !y w\ld h be5 int]pret$ by ! latt] "p ( ! s5t5ce1 & w\ld h be5 incompatible ) ! *ronology1 only because !y did n all[ suffici5t "t = ! developm5t1 c4 ,( ?is sort ( fact1 ,i admit1 no?+ /rong] c be adduc$ ?an ! case ( ! negro on ! ,egyptian monum5ts1 only ,i wi% to direct att5tion to ! diff]5t aspect ^! facts w be> :5 ! !ory ( progress is n assum$ z an infallible proposition4 ,moreov]1 z ,mr ,poole1 :om ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock v c&idly quotes1 po9ts out1 9 ! int]val betwe5 ?is & #bdjj ,b4,c4 we d n f9d ! lea/ *ange 9 ! negro or ! ,arab2 & ev5 ! type :i* seems to be int]m$iate betwe5 !m1 is virtually z unalt]$4 ,^? :o consid] t l5g? ( "t c *ange a type ( man1 w d well to consid] ! fact t ?ree ?\s& ye>s give no ratio on :i* a calculation c\ld be f\nd$4 ,s t if ,ar*4 ,u%] _h exp&$ 8 *ronology s z to take 9 ! tw5ty ?\s& ye>s ,buns5 requires1 x really w\ld n appreciably h affect$ ! argum5t4 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1 inde$1 says 7p4 #dgg7--;,i am1 h[ev]1 n aw>e t x is suppos$ by any s*ool ( e?nologi/s t '"t' alone1 )\t a *ange ( ext]nal conditions1 w produce an alt]ation ( type4 ,let u1 he cont9ues1 turn n[ to ! in/ances reli$ on by ,mr ,craw=d4 ,! millions1 he says1 ( ,african negroes t h1 dur+ ?ree c5turies1 be5 transport$ to ! ,new ,_w & its isl&s1 are ! same 9 col\r z ! pres5t inhabitants ( ! p>5t c\ntry ( _! =efa!rs4 ,! ,creole ,spani>ds 444 are z fair z ! p ( ,arragon & ,&alusia4 ,! pure ,dut* ,creole coloni/s ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 aft] dwell+ two c5turies among black ,caffres & yell[ ,hott5tots1 d n diff] 9 col\r f ! p ( ,holl&4 ,! /ronge/ case is1 p]haps1 t ( ! ,am]ican ,indians1 :o d n v>y f a uni=m copp] col\r 9 nor? or s\?--9 ,canada or on ! l9e4#fc ,9 ^! in/ances1 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock says3--,we h great *ange ( circum/ances1 b a v insuffici5t lapse ( "t1 &1 9 fact1 !re is no well au!nticat$ case he does n1 h[ev]1 adv]t to ! case ( ! ,indians1 :i* seems to satisfy bo? conditions 9 :i* ^! two requisites are unit$1 444 & adds1 !re is already a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,engli% ( ,europe & ! ,engli% ( ,am]ica2 b is full all[ance made "h = admixture ( race8 &1 also1 is 8 in/ance to ! po9t8 ,is n ! difficulty r t1 :]eas climate1 food1 *ange ( circum/ances h 7=1 ,i ?9k1 ! balance ( ! argum5t is on t side71 9 _m ways1 modifi$ o!r races 7?\gh :e!r to ! ext5t ( de/roy+ ! *>act]i/ic type1 may be op5 to "q71 ! negro has resi/$ ^! influ5ces1 & has rema9$ ! same negro t we f9d him #bdjj ,b4,c48 ,consid] t x is only a "q ( degree1 & t x is m]ely true t ! negro has resi/$ ^! influ5ces m p]si/5tly ?an o!r races4#fd ,/ill ! contra/ is n ! less />tl+ :5 we f9d ! negro 9 ! same relative position1 & ) ! same /amp ( inf]iority1 t we f9d indelibly impress$ ^u him f\r ?\s& ye>s ago8 ,x is a case :i* nei!r ! !ory ( progress1 nor ! !ory ( deg5]acy1 seems to t\*4 #fb ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock's ,prehi/oric ,times1 p4 #cac4 #fc ,x has almo/ pass$ into a prov]b1 says ,morton--:o is among ^? :o "k ! ,am]icans be/--t he :o has se5 "o ,indian tribe has se5 !m all1 s closely d ! individuals ( ?is race resemble ea* o!r1 :atev] may be ! v>iety or ! ext5t ( ! c\ntries !y inhabit4 ,reus*'s ,la ,bible et la ,nature1 vide also ,c>d4 ,wiseman's ,lect4 on ,sci5ce & ,rev4 ,rel4 lect4 iv41 vide1 h[ev]1 ,reus*1 p4 #dih1 :]e a rem>kable diff]5ce 9 ! cranium is notic$1 sometimes approa*+ ! ,malay1 sometimes ! ,mongol %ape4 #fd ,t ! negro has und]gone modifications1 seems e/abli%$ by ! fact t we n[h]e f9d all ! *>act]i/ics ( ! negro unit$ 9 any "o case--unless1 p]haps1 9 ! case ( ! negroes ( ,gu9ea1 to :i* ,i h allud$4 ,yet1 9 ! p :o bord] !m1 !re has be5 notic$ un ret\r v]s des =mes sup]ieures4 ,! ,yoloss1 out le front lev1 des ma*oires peu saillantes1 leurs d5ts sont droites1 et ils sont en gnral be9 con/itus1 mais ils sont t\t fait noirs4 ,leurs vois9s1 les ,m&+ues1 ti5n5t beauc\p plus du type ngre 444 mais leur te9t e/ beauc\p mo9s noir4--,de ,bur4 ap4 ,reus*1 p4 #eje4 ,b "u no influ5ces ( climate has ! negro ev] become :ite l ! ,european1 or ! ,european black l ! inhabitant ( ,gu9ea2 if !y become d>k]1 c'e/ simplem5t la te9t p>ticuli] leur race qui gagne en int5sit4--,burm9/]1 ap4 ,reus*1 p4 #eji4 ,b x is a case :i* ,de ,mai/re's view exactly solves4 ,n[1 h[ev] mu* we may rebel aga9/ ,de ,mai/re's !ory1 t ! e>ly races ( mank9d 7 end[$ ) high] & m intuitive moral faculties ?an ours1 &1 :e!r or n1 we accept 8 dictum t great puni%m5ts pre-suppose great k1 & rev]sely1 t high] k implies ! liability to great puni%m5ts1 ,i d n see h[ we c refuse to consid] ! matt]1 s f> z to see :e!r ! view solves all ! difficulties ( ! "q4 ,x is n ! fir/ "t t ! blackness ( ! ,african race has be5 connect$ 9 !ory ) a curse2 b ,de ,mai/re's !ory ?r[s a new light on ! mal$iction--:e!r x be ! curse ( ,*am or ( ,*anaan1 or :e!r bo? 7 smitt51 accord+ to diff]5t degrees ( culpability3 & ,i ma9ta91 fur!r1 t x is adequate to ! explanation ( ! ph5om5a1 t x does n cla% ) hi/ory1 & t x is su/a9$ by tradition4 ,nev]!less1 ,i appreh5d t ?is view w be z mu* combat$ f ! po9t ( view ( scriptural exegesis1 z ( sci5tific speculation4 ,yet ! curse ( ,*am1 or ( ,*anaan1 affect+ all _! po/]ity1 ought n 9 reason to be m revolt+ ev5 to ^? :o h nev] realis$ :at s9 is1 ?an ! n>rative ( ! fall ( ,adam & ,eve ) its direful consequ5ces4 ,! !ory seems p]fectly con=mable to ,scripture1 & to :at we "k ( ! secrets ( ! ,div9e judgm5ts4 ,! picture ( ,*am1 or ,*anaan1 /rick5 ) blackness1 does n pres5t a m sudd5 or m t]rible retribution to ! m9d ?an ! ,fall ( ! ,angels4 ,h[ _m ?\s& ye>s did x take to trans=m ,lucif] into ,satan8 or ! primitive ,adam into ! ,adam feel+ %ame1 & consci\s ( decay1 want1 & ! doom ( dea?8 ,on ! o!r h&1 blackness1 f ! comm5cem5t1 has be5 associat$ ) evil4 ,to ?is x may be repli$ t ?is is ! s5tim5t m]ely ( ! :ite races--a natural prejudice ( col\r1 an ex p>te d$uction2 & to ?is argum5t1 if su* is ! view really tak5 by ! black races1 & if no consci\sness c be detect$ ( _! degradation among/ !mselves1 ,i see no o!r reply ?an ?is1 ,t s9ce1 ex hypo!si1 !y are black because !y are curs$1 ! tradition ( ?is curse w\ld be m naturally pres]v$ by ! :ite races ?an by ! black4 ,b is !re no consci\sness ( ?is inf]iority 9 ! true negro8 ,)\t look+ at ! matt] f ! same po9t ( view1 ,i may appeal to ,capta9 ,burton's /atem5ts on ?is po9t z to a fully compet5t1 if n ! highe/1 au?ority t c be quot$ on po9ts ( ,african travel4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 he notices ! confusion ( ! mix$ & ! mulatto ) ! full-blood$ negro4 ,by ! latt] ^w ,i und]/& ! v>i\s tribes ( int]tropical ,africa1 unmix$ ) ,european or ,asiatic blood 7,dahome1 ii4 #ahg72 & p4 #aic1 ,i h else:]e giv5 reasons = suspect+1 9 ! great ,kafir family1 a consid]able mixture ( ,arab1 ,p]sian1 & o!r ,asiatic blood3 & z to ! p>ticul> po9t 9 "q1 he says 7p4 #bjj71 ,! negro w obey a :ite man m readily ?an a mulatto1 & a mulatto r ?an "o ( 8 own col\r4 ,he nev] ?9ks ( claim+ equality ) ! ,aryan race except :5 taught4 ,at ,:ydat1 ! ,fr5* mission>ies rem>k t _! s*ol>s always translate ':ite & black by ma/] & slave4' ,p4 #ahi1 ,"o ( ,mr ,pri*>d's few good g5]alisations is1 t z a rule ! d>k] & d+i] ! ,african tribe1 ! m degrad$ is its organisation4#fe ,i f9d a v simil> te/imony 9 ,craw=d's ,hi/4 ( ! ,indian ,ar*ipelago1 i4 #ah4 ,he says1 ,! br[n & negro races ( ! ,ar*ipelago may be consid]$ to pres5t1 9 _! physical & moral *>act]s1 a complete p>allel ) ! :ite & negro races 9 ! we/]n _w4 ,! fir/ has always display$ z great a relative sup]iority ov] ! second1 z ! race ( :ite m5 h done ov] ! negroes ( ! we/4 ,yet at p4 #bj he says1 ,! ,javanese1 :o live mo/ com=tably1 are among ! d>ke/ p 9 ! ,ar*ipelago1 ! wret*$ ,dyaks1 or cannibals ( ,borneo1 among ! faire/4 ,x mu/ be not$1 h[ev]1 t ! ,javanese h also pres]v$ some?+ ( primitive tradition--e4g4 _! m>riage c]emony4 ,&1 moreov]1 x is n at all ess5tial to ! argum5t to prove t ! negroes are ! mo/ degrad$ race4 ,let x be said t !y h _h _! curse1 & t ! sign ( ! curse is 9 _! blackness--?is is m]ely equival5t to say+ t !y are curs$ pro tanto2 b x by no means foll[s t o!r races h n fall5 to l[] dep?s1 & incurr$ a deep] reprobation4#ff #fe ,capta9 ,burton 7ii4 #afe7 also quotes a ,ca?olic & a ,prote/ant mission>y z to ?is po9t4 ,m4 ,wallon says1 ,avec leur t5dance n\s considr] comme rellem5t suprieurs eux1 et leur croyance que cette supriorit n\s e/ acquise p> celle de notre ,dieu1 ils r5onc]ai5t bi5tt aux leurs idoles p\r ador] celui qui n\s leur prions de connatre4 ,mr ,dawson says1 ,feti% has be5 /r5g!n$ by ! :ite man1 :om ! ignorant blacks w\ld n scruple to call a god if he c\ld avoid dea?4 ,assum+ ! id5tity ( ,bac*us & ,noah1 x is a /rik+ circum/ance1 f ?is po9t ( view1 t ! "n ( ,bac*us1 among ! ,pho5icians1 0 a synonym\s t]m = m\rn+4--,vide ,hesy*ius 9 ,bryant's ,my?ology1 ii4 #cce2 vide also ! v]ses ( ,!ocritus4 ,comp4 p4 #bdg1 note 7,b\lang]74 #ff ,p]haps ,capta9 ,burton's phrase 7ii4 #agh71 ! arre/$ physical developm5t ( ! negro1 may1 if ext5d$ to 8 m5tal developm5t1 exactly hit ! tru?1 ! /&>d be+ fix$ by ! age at :i* we conceive ! boy ,*anaan's developm5t to h be5 arre/$4--,comp4 ,wallace1 infra1 p4 #ia2 comp4 #bag4 ,among ! ,si\x ,indians1 & 9 ! isle ( ,tonga 7,oceanica71 ,i f9d trace ( ! tradition ( blackness z a curse1 & ,i %\ld ?9k x likely t o!r in/ances might be discov]$4 ,! =m] 7! ,si\x71 9 _! rem9isc5ces ( ! ,deluge1 relate1 ,! wat] rema9$ on ! e>? only two days 7= ! two mon?s dur+ :i* ! ,scripture says x 0 at its height71 at ! expiration ( :i* ! ,ma/] ( ,life1 see+ t !y _h ne$ ( fire1 s5t x !m by a :ite cr[1 :i*1 /opp+ to dev\r c>rion1 all[$ ! fire to be ext+ui%$4 ,he return$ to heav5 to seek x4 ,! ,great ,_s drove x away1 & puni%$ x by /rik+ x black4--,annales de la ,prop4 de la ,foi1 l4 iv4 #ecg2 ,ga9et1 i4 #baa4 ,9 ,tonga1 ! tradition is connect$ ) ?is hi/ory ( ,ca93-- ,! god ,tangaloa1#fg :o fir/ inhabit$ ?is e>?1 is ?is ,adam4 ,he _h two sons1 :o w5t to live at ,boloton4444 ,! y\ng] 0 v clev]4 ,tonbo 7! elde/7 0 v diff]5t2 he did no?+ b walk ab\t1 sleep1 & covet ! works ( 8 bro!r4 ,"o day he met 8 bro!r out walk+1 & knock$ him d[n4 ,!n _! fa!r arriv$ at ,boloton1 & 9 great ang] said1 ',:y has ?\ kill$ ?y bro!r4 ,fly1 wret*$ man2 fly4 ,y\r race %all be black1 & y\r s\l deprav$2 y %all lab\r )\t success4 ,begone2 y %all n g to ! l& ( y\r bro!r1 b y\r bro!r %all come sometimes to trade ) y4' ,& he said to ! family ( ! victim1 ',g t[>ds ! great l&2 y\r sk9 %all be :ite2 y %all excel 9 all good ?+s4'--,ga9et1 i4 #ic4fh #fg ,annales de ,philos4 ,*ret41 t4 xiii4 p4 #bce4 #fh ,! expressions 9 ! latt] "p ( ?is n>ration recall ! bless+ ( ,jacob1 & sugge/s ! possibility ( ! tradition hav+ come ?r\gh desc5dants ( ,esau4 ,c>d9al ,wiseman 79 8 ,sci5ce & ,reveal$ ,religion1 lect4 iii471 says1 ) ref]5ce to ,ari/otle's di/ribution ( mank9d into races by col\r3-- ,!re is a passage 9 ,julius ,firmicus1 ov]look$ by ! comm5tators ( ,ari/otle1 :i* gives u ! same t]n>y division1 ) ! col\rs ( ea* race4 ',9 ! fir/ place1' he writes1 'speak+ ( ! *>act]s & col\rs ( m51 !y agree 9 say+1--if by ! mix$ influ5ce ( ! />s1 ! *>act]s & complexions ( m5 are di/ribut$2 & if ! c\rse ( ! heav5ly bodies1 by a c]ta9 k9d ( artful pa9t+1 =m ! l9eam5ts ( mortal bodies2 t is1 if ! moon makes m5 :ite1 ,m>s r$1 & ,saturn black1 h[ comes x t 9 ,e?iopia all are born black1 9 ,g]many :ite1 & 9 ,?race r$8'--,a/ronomicon1 lib4 i41 c4 i41 ed4 ,basil4 #aeea1 p4 #c4 ,n[ ?is passage seems to me to h a /ill fur!r significance 9 ! words ,i h italicis$1 ) ref]5ce to ! argum5t ,i h 9 h&4 ,x transpires1 !re=e1 t ! anci5ts _h ! notion t ,saturn made m5 black1 :i* provok$ ! natural qu]y1 :y !n are only ! ,e?iopians black8 ,t x %\ld ev] h be5 suppos$ t ! di/ant ,saturn1 a/ronomically reg>d$1 %\ld h _h su* an influ5ce is prepo/]\s1 b if ! my?ological p]sonage1 ,saturn1 *4 x41 has be5 suffici5tly id5tifi$ ) ,noah1 & ! deification ( ! h]o 9 ! planet 7comp4 pp4 #aei1 #afa7 probable1 ! notion t he made m5 black1 mu/ be ! tradition ( ! ev5t we are consid]+4 ,i h else:]e trac$ ! fulfilm5t ( ! text :i* says t ,canaan %all be ! s]vant ( s]vants to 8 bre?r52 b z ! foll[+ extract f ,klapro?1 9 evid5ce ( ! same1 has also its significance ) ref]5ce to ! po9t ,i am n[ consid]+--viz4 ! curse ( blackness--,i pref] to give x a place "h3--,sakhalian oudeh\nga e/ expliqu en ,*9ois p> ',khian *on1' et p> 'li *u1' ce qui signifie les 'ttes noires' et le 'peuple noir1' expression p> laquelle on designe la 'bas peuple' ou les 'paysans4' ,cette une expression usite dans plusieures pays ,asiatiques a9si qu'en ,russie4--,klapro?1 ,mem4 ,relatif a l',asie2 vide /rictures on ,p]e ,amyot's ,m&*\ ,dict4 ,9 ! olde/ books ( ! ,z5dava/a1 virtue & vice are p]sonifi$ z :ite & black4 ,! contra/ betwe5 good & evil is /rongly & %>ply m>k$ 9 ! ,g?s4444 ,!y g a /ep fur!r & p]sonify ! two p>ties to ! /ruggle4 ,"o is a ':ite1' or holy _s 7sp5t ma9yus71 & ! o!r1 a 'd>k' _s 7angr ma9yus74 ,b ?is p]sonification is m]ely poetical or metaphysical1 n real4--,rawl9son's ,anci5t ,mon>*ies1 iii4 p4 #ajf4 ,! contra/1 h[ev]1 betwe5 good & evil1 z :ite & black 0 ! g5u9e expression ( _! idea or tradition4 7,hung4 ap4 ,buns51 iii4 p4 #dgf1 admits1 at lea/ 9 "o in/ance 9 ! ,g?s1 an angra 7'black'7 is put 9 opposition to ! :ite1 or m holy _s47 ,mr ,hunt] 7,rural ,b5gal1 p4 #aad7 says ( ! primitive ,aryans 9 ,india--,! anci5t s+] praises ! god :o 'de/roy$ ! ,dasyans & protect$ ! ,aryan col\r 7,rig4 ,v$a41 iii4 pp4 #cd-ci71 & ! ?und]]1 :o be/[$ on 8 :ite fri5ds ! fields1 c4 ,:atev] obscurity may atta* to ! latt] passage1 !re c be no d\bt ( ! abhorr5ce ) :i* ! s+]s speak1 aga9 & aga91 ( ! black sk91 444 e4g4 ! sacrific] p\r$ out ?anks to 8 god = 'scatt]+ ! slave b&s ( black desc5t4' ,al?\gh ,i believe ! idea 0 traditional & _h ref]5ce to ! curse1 ,i w conc$e t x might h aris5 prim>ily 9 ! contra/ ( night & day1 light & d>kness4 ,b does ?is settle ! "q8 ,on ! contr>y1 =tifi$ ) ?is explanation1 ,i return to my argum5t ) ^?1 :o say t blackness is a m]e prejudice ( race1 & t x is n demon/rable t x is ! sign ( a curse1 or ! m>k ( inf]iority4 ,does n ,nature h]self proclaim x1 9 h] contra/ ( light & d>kness8 ,day & night1 ,i imag9e1 w\ld be recognis$ z apt symbols ( error & evil z oppos$ to tru? & goodness1 ev5 among ! black races1 irrespective ( any consci\sness or rem9isc5ce ( _! degradation4 ,accord+ly1 ! de$s ( evil 9 ,scripture are spok5 ( z ! works ( d>kness4 ,x may be1 !re=e1 t ! idea ( blackness z a curse is d]iv$ primitively f its association ) ! d>kness ( night2 b ! fact rema9s t blackness is connect$ 9 our m9ds ) a curse1#fi & !re is ! fur!r fact t a black race exi/s1 & has exi/$ dur+ f\r ?\s& ye>s1 ) ?is m>k ( inf]iority ^u x 7comp>e sup4 *4 iii4 ix47 #fi ,?is is s mu* 9 tradition z to be a matt] ( common p>lance--= in/ance1 :5 ! late ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5* is depict$1 ?is is ! language :i*1 ^u a c]ta9 con/ruction1 appe>s mo/ natural--,on ! o!r side /&s a phalanx ( satiri/s1 repres5t$ by ,victor ,hugo4 ,! only col\r on ! palette ( ^? arti/s is lamp black4 ,morally !y pa9t ! ex-,emp]or z d>k z a negro1 array him 9 ! liv]y ( ! devil1 & !n invoke ! execration ( hi/ory4--,spectator1 ,sept4 #ag?1 #ahgj4 ,b a po9t ( "s difficulty rema9s to be det]m9$--viz4 :at precisely 0 ! race :i* came "u ?is ban4 ,0 x ! :ole desc5t ( ,ham1 or only ! po/]ity ( ,*anaan 8 ,hales1 9 8 le>n$ "w on *ronology 7i4 p4 #cdd71 discusses ?is "q4 ,he says t1 :]eas-- ,ev5 ! mo/ le>n$ expositors 7,bo*>t & ,m$e7 h implicitly adopt$ ! appropriation ( ! curse ( s]vitude to ,ham & 8 po/]ity4 ,yet ! integrity ( ! receiv$ text ( prophecy1 limit+ ! curse to ',canaan' s+ly1 is fully support$ by ! concurr5ce ( ! ,massorite & ,sam>itan ,hebrew texts1 ) all ! o!r anci5t v]sions except ! ,arabian2 & is ackn[l$g$1 we see1 by ,josephus & ,abulf>agi 7sup471 :o evid5tly conf9e ! curse to ,canaan--?\gh !y inconsi/5tly consid] ,ham z ! (f5d]1 & are n a little emb>rass$ to exempt him & ! re/ ( 8 *ildr5#gj f ! op]ation ( ! curse--an exemption1 inde$1 atte/$ by sacr$ & pr(ane hi/ory2 = ,ham himself _h 8 full %>e ( e>?ly bless+s1 8 son ,misr colonis$ ,egypt1 !nce /yl$ ! l& ( ,ham 7,ps4 cv4 #bc71 :i* soon became "o ( ! e>lie/1 mo/ civilis$1 & fl\ri%+ k+doms ( antiquity1 & 0 e/abli%$ be=e ,abraham's days 7,g54 xii4 #ad-bj71 & 9 ! glori\s reign ( ,seso/ris 444 :ile ,ham's po/]ity1 9 ! l9e ( ,cu%1 n only f\nd$ ! fir/ ,assyrian empire1 "u ,nimrod1 b also ! ,p]sian 7871 ! ,grecian 7871 & ! ,roman 787 empires1 9 direct contradiction to ! ungu>d$ ass]tion ( ,m$e t '!re ha? nev] yet be5 a son ( ,ham t ha? %ak5 a sceptre ov] ! head ( ,japhe?4' ,h[1 !n1 is ! propriety ( ! curse exclusively to ,canaan to be v9dicat$8--evid5tly by consid]+ him z ! only guilty p]son 444 ^u ! v +5i\s conjecture ( ,fab]1 t ! 'y\nge/ son' :o (f5d$ 0 n ,ham1 b ,canaan--n ! son1 b ! gr&son ( ,noah4 ,= ! orig9al1 '8 little son1' accord+ to ! latitude ( ! ,hebrew idiom1 may d5ote a gr&son1 by ! same analogy t ,nimrod4444 ?is 7! =m]7 int]pretation is support$ by anci5t ,jewi% tradition1 ',boresi? ,rabba1' sec4 #cg1 record$ also by ,!odoret 444 ! tradition1 inde$1 also adds t ,ham jo9$ 9 ! mock]y1 b = ?is addition !re seems no suffici5t gr\nds4 #gj ,! italics are m9e4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ! tradition1 &1 moreov]1 a di/9ct tradition t ,ham 0 black4 ,sir ,j4 ,g>dn] ,wilk9son1 9 8 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians1 i41 says-- ,! ,hebrew ^w ,ham is id5tical ) ! ,egyptian ,khem1 be+ prop]ly writt5 ,khm1 ,kham1 or ,khem1 & is ! same :i* ! ,egyptians !mselves gave to _! c\ntry 9 ! sculptures ( ! e>lie/ & late/ p]iods 7#bfa74 ,egypt 0 d5om9at$ ,*emi 7,khemi71 or ! l& ( ,ham1 z we f9d 9 ! hi]oglyphic leg5ds2 & ! city ( ,khem1 or ,panopolis1 0 call$ 9 ,egyptian ,*emmo1 ( :i* evid5t traces are pres]v$ 9 t ( ! mod]n t[n ,e',khmim 7#bfj74 ,besides ! hi]oglyphic gr\p1 compos$ ( ! two above allud$ to 7#bfj71 indicat+ ,egypt1 0 "o consi/+ ( an eye1 & ! sign l&1 :i* bore ! same signification2 & s9ce ! pupil1 or black ( ! eye1 0 call$ ,*emi1 we may conclude ?is to be a phonetic mode ( writ+ ! "n ( ,egypt1 :i* ,plut>* pret5ds 0 call$ ,*emmia1 f ! blackness ( its soil 7#bfc74 ,*ame is black 9 ,coptic1 ,egypt is ,*emi1 & x is rem>kable t khom or *om is us$ 9 ,hebrew = black or br[n1 z 9 ,g54 xxx4 #cb-dj4--;,id4 ,"h !n1 at any rate1 ! "n ( ,ham or ,*am is curi\sly associat$ ) blackness1 & mu/ h be5 s associat$ f ! comm5cem5t ( ,egyptian hi/ory4 ,i leave x to ! ,egyptologi/ to decide :e!r ! presumption is /rong] t ! "n ( ,egypt1 id5tical ) t ( ,ham1 0 orig9ally d]iv$ f ! blackness ( its soil1 or f ! blackness ( him ^: "n 0 id5tical ) x 7! l& ( ,ham be+ bo? ! scriptural & ,egyptian appellation71 m especially :5 ! eye 7app>5tly a p]sonal or hi/orical1 n c]ta9ly a geographical allusion7 0 us$ z an equival5t hi]oglyphic symbol = l&4#ga #ga ,! eye w\ld be ! v mo/ apposite symbol = blackness1 if we consid] t blackness l+]s !re aft] ! sk9 has become :ite1 &1 9 ! case ( half-bre$s1 is ! te/ ( desc5t 9 gradations ev5 beyond1 ,i believe1 ! octoroon4 ,capta9 ,k+ 7,n>rative ( a ,survey ( ! ,int]tropical & ,we/]n ,coa/s ( ,au/ralia1 ii4 ,app5d47 says1 ,t al?\gh !re is ! greate/ div]sity ( words among ! ,au/ralian tribes1 ! equival5t = 'eye' is common to !m all4 ,"h1 z 9 o!r in/ances1 if we foll[ ! /rict l9es ( tradition1 x seems to me t we %all escape all ! difficulties :i* are usually alleg$ aga9/ x4 ,x w result !n t1 al?\gh accord+ to ! text ( ,scripture1 ! curse ( s]vitude 0 limit$ to ! po/]ity ( ,*anaan2 yet1 see+ t ! crim9ality 0 common to ,ham & ,*anaan1 accord+ to ! tradition ref]r$ to1 & z is1 moreov]1 impli$ 9 ! m>k$ mann] 9 :i* ,scripture 7,g54 xviii4 #bb7 indicates ,*am z ! fa!r ( ,*anaan1 x is presumable t1 if blackness 0 ! concomitant ( ! curse1 x ext5d$ to bo? ,ham & ,*anaan1 &1 by implication1 to _! po/]ity1 b !n aft] ! curse4 ,z ,*anaan1 accord+ to ! tradition1 0 !n a boy1 all 8 *ildr5 w\ld h be5 affect$ by ! curse2 b does x foll[ t all ,ham's desc5t 0 involv$ 9 ! mal$iction8 ,?is w\ld be to suppose a retrospective curse1 = :i* ! only analogy w\ld be ! hypo!sis t if ,adam _h s9n$ aft] ! bir? ( ,ca9 & ,abel1 !y & _! po/]ity w\ld also h incurr$ ! guilt ( orig9al s94 ,n[ ! sons ( ,ham 7 7,g54 x4 #f7 ,*us & ,mesram & ,phu? & ,*anaan1 i4e41 ,*us & ,mesram & ,phu? 7 ! eld] bro!rs ( ,*anaan1 & !re=e n ! *ildr5 ( ,ham aft] ! pron\ncem5t ( ! curse4 ,if1 !n1 we f9d ! *ildr5 ( ,mesram d>k1 b )\t ! negro features or ! blackness ( ,canaan2 if ,seso/ris1 8 desc5dant1 0 a great conqu]or2 if ,nimrod1 ! son ( ,*us1 0 a p[]ful *iefta91 & ! f\nd] ( ! ,assyrian empire2 if no?+ is kn[n ( ! po/]ity ( ,phu? beyond ! conjecture t !y 7 ! ,lybians--9 a ^w1 if ! desc5t f ^! ?ree sons does n be> out ! evid5ce ( ! curse1 c x be said to militate at all aga9/ ! hypo!sis ( ! curse ( ,ham z well z ( ,canaan8 ,moreov]1 if !re are diff]5ces among ! black races :i* may pres5t difficulties1 w\ld n ! k t !re may h be5 a po/]ity ( ,ham1 born aft] ! curse1#gb g f> to remove !m8 ,hales1 inde$1 assumes t ,ham himself _h 8 full %>e ( e>?ly bless+s2 8 son ,misr colonis$ ,egypt1 c4 7z sup472 b ?is prosp]ity1 z he indicates x1 is only se5 9 ! prosp]ity ( 8 ?ree sons1 :om ,i assume to h be5 exempt f ! curse4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ! occult sci5ce ( ! ,ca9ites 0 said to h be5 pres]v$ by ! family ( ,ham1 &1 z we h se51 ! ta9t 0 9 ! race4#gc #gb ,l5ormant1 ,manuel d',hi/oire ,anci5ne1 i4 #bc1 makes a simil> sugge/ion z to ?is po9t--,la texte de la ,bible n'a ri5 qui s'oppose =mellem5t l'hypo?se que ,no aurait eu1 po/rieurem5t au deluge1 d'autres enfants que ,sem1 ,*am1 et ,japhet1 d'o s]ai5t sorties les races qui ne figur5t pas dans la gnalogie de ces trois p]sonnages4 ,b two objections seem to me to be fatal to ?is view4 ,! races ab\t :om ?is difficulty w\ld be rais$ w\ld be ! r$ & black races3 :y %\ld x be surmis$ t ! suppos$ po/]ity ( ,noah1 aft] ! ,deluge1 %\ld h ?is m>k ( inf]iority8 ,9 ! second place1 x does seem to be =mally oppos$ to ,g54 x4 #cb--,^! are ! families ( ,noe1 accord+ to _! peoples & nations4 ,by ^! 7 ! nations divid$ on ! e>? aft] ! flood4 ,! r$ races might p]haps be acc\nt$ = by ,g54 xxv4 #bc-be4 #gc ,!re appe>s to me1 h[ev]1 a text to :i* att5tion might be direct$4 ,we "k t ! ,e?iopians 7 black1 b 9 ,amos ix4 #g1 :]e ,god is express+ ,8 ang] aga9/ ,8 p1 ,he says1 ,are y n z ! *ildr5 ( ! ,e?iopians unto me1 ,o *ildr5 ( ,israel1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,i am v f> f claim+ = ^! !ories any special ecclesia/ical c\nt5ance & au?ority4 ,i h already intimat$ my op9ion t1 on ! :ole1 !y w\ld be z mu* oppos$ f ! po9t ( view ( scriptural exegesis z f t ( unbelief4 ,x w be said1 = in/ance1 t !re is evid5ce 9 ,scripture ( ! curse ( ,canaan1 b no pro( t blackness 0 ! concomitant effect ( ! curse2 & c]ta9ly x is n ,scripture :i* affirms ?is1 b only tradition4 ,to ^? :o admit ! curse1 b d5y ! consequ5ces :i* tradition attributes to x1 ,i w\ld oppose an almo/ id5tical argum5t ) t :i* acc\nts = all diff]5ces 9 ! human race by geographical location4 ,i d n "k :]e ?is argum5t is m =cibly put ?an 9 ,la?am's ,e?nology4 ,!re x is seem+ly demon/rat$ t c]ta9 conditions1 n m]ely ( col\r1 b moral & intellectual1 are ! insep>able accompanim5ts ( geographical location4 ,grant x1 pro argum5to1 b ,i am argu+ n[ ^u ! scriptural evid5ce1 & ) "o ) :om ,i assume ,i h a common belief 9 its inspiration4 ,x is true1 !n1 t ! curse ( blackness is n record$1 b ! di/ribution ( ! races is at lea/ impli$3 ,deut4 xxxii4 #h1 ,:5 ! ,mo/ ,high divid$ ! nations1 :5 ,he sep>at$ ! sons ( ,adam1 he appo9t$ ! b\nds ( p accord+ to ! numb] ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel2 & ,acts xvii4 #bf1 ,& ha? made ( "o all mank9d1 to dwell ^u ! :ole face ( ! e>?1 det]m9+ appo9t$ times1 & ! limits ( _! habitation4 7,! ,prot4 v]sion translates1 ,hav+ appo9t$ ! pr$et]m9$ seasons & b\nd>ies ( _! dwell+s4 ,vide ,hales's ,*ron41 i4 #cea1 :o adds t ?is 0 con=mable to _! own allegory t ,*ronos1 ! god ( "t1 or ,saturn1 divid$ ! univ]se among 8 ?ree sons47#gd #gd ,vide also *4 x41 p4 #bci4 ,! tradition t ,phoroneus1 ! fa!r ( mank9d1 di/ribut$ ! nations ov] ! e>?1 idem nationes di/ribuit4 ,if1 !n1 ! diff]5t races ( mank9d1 accord+ to _! m]its or dem]its1 7 apportion$ to1 or miracul\sly direct$ or impell$ to1 respective portions ( ! e>?1 :i* necess>ily sup]9duc$ c]ta9 effects1 is n ! curse z app>5t 9 its indirect op]ation z x w\ld h be5 9 its sudd5ness & directness8 ,?is consid]ation mu/1 ,i ?9k1 br+ ^? :o raise scriptural difficulties aga9/ ! !ory to ! admission t blackness 0 a sign ( inf]iority1 & t c]ta9 races 7 ei!r smitt5 )1 or 7 pr$e/9$ to1 9 consequ5ce ( culpability1 ?is degradation4 ,?is1 ,i admit1 is no reply to ^? :o argue f ! evid5ce ( ! ,egyptian monum5ts4 ,b ! evid5ce f ! monum5ts1 s f> f emb>rass+ my conclusion1 seems absolutely to en=ce x4 ,if1 inde$1 ! evid5ce f ! monum5ts did n />e "o 9 ! face1 we might fall back ^u ! l9e ( argum5t :i* ,i h j indicat$1 & :il/ recognis+ 9 _! blackness ! op]ation ( a curse1 trace x 9 ! lapse ( c5turies & ! influ5ces ( ! torrid zone4 ,b !y are record$ z be+ black on ! e>lie/ monum5ts kn[n to u1 & )9 a few c5turies ( ! ,deluge4 ,! conclusion1 !re=e1 seems inevitable1 t !y 7 s f ! comm5cem5t1 :i* exactly hits 9 ) ! tradition ( ! curse ( ,canaan4 ,su*1 f 8 own po9t ( view1 is ! conclusion ( ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock 7,prehi/oric ,times1 p4 #dgh7-- ,if !re is any tru? 9 ?is view ( ! subject 7p4 #dgh71 x w necess>ily foll[ t ! pr9cipal v>ieties ( man are ( great antiquity1 &1 9 fact1 g back almo/ to ! v orig9 ( ! human race4 ,we may !n cease to wond] t ! e>lie/ pa9t+s on ,egyptian tombs repres5t s accurately sev]al v>i\s v>ieties /ill exi/+ 9 ^? regions1 & t ! ,engis skull1 probably ! mo/ anci5t yet f\nd 9 ,europe1 s closely resembles _m t may be se5 ev5 at ! pres5t day4 ,! foll[+ conclusion ( ,mr ,wallace also exactly co9cides ) ,de ,mai/re's view4 ,lyell1 9 8 ,pr9ciples ( ,geology 7ii4 #dga7 says-- ,wallace sugge/s t at "s =m] p]iod man's corporeal frame mu/ h be5 m pliant & v>iable ?an x is n[2 =1 accord+ to ! obs]v$ rate ( fluctuation 9 mod]n times1 sc>cely any conceivable lapse ( ages w\ld suffice to give rise to su* an am\nt ( diff]5tiation4 ,he !re=e concludes1 t :5 fir/ ! m5tal & moral qualities ( man acquir$ pr$om9ance1 8 bodily frame ceas$ to v>y4 ,b1 al?\gh sci5ce 9 its own way may arrive at approximations to ! tru?1 yet1 if ! traditional solution be true1 assur$ly x is n a solution :i* w be rea*$ by any m]ely sci5tific process2 & !re=e1 if x %\ld be ! tru?1 ! e?nological difficulty w rema9 an enigma & emb>rassm5t to ! le>n$ 9 all "t to come4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,palm] ,,on ,,egyptian ,,*ronology4 ,hav+ prob$ ! *ronologies ( ,india1 ,babylonia1 ,pho5icia1#ge ,*9a1 c41 & hav+ f\nd t "o & all1 :5 t\*$ ) ! talisman ( hi/ory1 %r9k )9 ! limits ( ! ,septuag9t1 & ev5 ( ! ,hebrew text1 we come1 p]=ce1 to ! conclusion1 t !re is "o nation1 & "o only1 :i* pres5ts a prim facie antiquity irreconcileable ) ,holy ,writ--viz4 ,egypt4 #ge ,vide ante *4 iv42 & also vide ,palm]1 i4 #di4 ,?is impression is su/a9$ by ! k1 some:at indef9ite & 9 some?+ di/urb$1 t ! ,egyptian tradition _h always attribut$ a fabul\s antiquity to ! dyna/ies ( its k+s1 & t ^! dyna/ies h be5 m>vell\sly resuscitat$ ?r\gh ! discov]y :i* has enabl$ u to deciph] ! inscriptions on _! tombs & monum5ts4 ,my read] ne$ n fe>1 h[ev]1 le/ ,i %\ld plunge him into ! *aos ( hi]oglyphics2 n1 inde$1 t mu* has n be5 rescu$ f ! abyss1 & t !re is n good expectation ( m to come1 b :5 once x is e/abli%$1 z we may n[ consid] to be ! case1 t _m ( ^! dyna/ies 7 cotemporane\s1 & n successive1 an unc]ta9ty is introduc$ :i* aga9 r$uces ! *ronology to primitive *aos1 al?\gh float+ objects 9 x1 ! dbris ( tombs & dyna/ies1 rema9 cle>ly di/+ui%able1 &1 9 po9t ( fact1 h be5 p]fectly id5tifi$4 ,if we _h no o!r evid5ce1 ,i %\ld feel irresi/ibly drawn to ! dictum ( ,m4 ,m>iette 7ap4 ,mgr4 ,meignan1 ,l',homme ,primitif1 p4 #cia71 ,le plus gr& de t\s les ob/acles l'tablissem5t d'une *ronologie gypti5ne regulire1 c'e/ que les ,egypti5s eux-mmes n'ont jamais eu de *ronologie4 ,i %all1 on ! contr>y1 f ano!r po9t ( view1 attempt to %[1 n only t !y _h a *ronology1 b t ?is *ronology has actually be5 re-discov]$ & re-con/itut$4 ,9 ! conviction t ?is is ! case1 & t x is n suffici5tly kn[n t x is s1 ,i %all devote "s space to an ab/ract ( ,mr ,william ,palm]'s ,egyptian ,*ronicles 7#ahfa71 9 :i* x appe>s to me t ?is exposition & solution is to be f\nd4 ,mr ,palm] at lea/ has br\ght ! ,egyptian *ronology 7^u ! sy/em ( ! ,old ,*ronicle7 to s close a reconciliation ) ,scripture 7^u ! basis ( a collation ( ! ,septuag9t & ,josephus71 t we h a "r to comp>e any ,egyptologi/ mak+ an attempt to advance into ! int]ior to ! monum5ts1 :il/ disreg>d+ x1 to a comm&] leav+ an important =tress 9 8 re>4#gf ,z ,mr ,palm] takes 8 /& ^u ! ,old ,*ronicle1 & z ! ,old ,*ronicle has be5 9 consid]able disrepute ) ,egyptologi/s 7,buns51 i4 #baf71 ,i d n see t ,i c adopt a bett] plan ( br++ ! :ole subject be=e ! read]1 ?an by confront+ ,mr ,w4 ,palm]'s discov]y & exposition ) ,b>on ,buns5's /rictures on ! ,old ,*ronicle4 #gf ,& yet1 ) ! exception ( ,pr(essor ,rawl9son's ,manual ( ,anci5t ,hi/ory1 :]e m5tion is made ( ,mr ,palm]'s "w z among eight pr9cipal works to be ref]r$ to on ! subject ( ,egyptian *ronology1 & ( a s]ies ( articles 9 ! ,mon? on ! same subject1 ,i d n recollect to h se5 allusion made to x4 ,a previ\s p]usal ( ! articles 9 ! ,mon? above ref]r$ to w greatly facilitate ! /udy ( ?is "q4 ,buns5 7i4 #bad-bag7 says 7! italics are m9e7-- ',! ,egyptians1' says ,syncellus1 'boa/ ( a c]ta9 ,old ,*ronicle1 by :i* also1 9 my op9ion1 ,mane?o 7! impo/or7 0 l$ a/ray4' 444 ,! orig9 ( ?is fiction is obvi\s4 ,its object1 z well z t ( ! pseudo-,mane?o1 is to repres5t ! great ye> ( ! _w ( #cf1ebe ye>s1 or tw5ty-five ,so?ic cycles4 ,! timeless space ( ! book ( ,so?is becomes ! rule ( ,vulcan4444 ,! numb] fix$ = ! o!r gods1 #cihd1 is q orig9al2 p]haps x may n be m]e accid5t t x agrees ) ! computation ( "s *ronograph]s = ! p]iod f ! ,creation to ,b4,c4 ,! dyna/y ( ! demigods reflects ! same judici\s mod]ation z 9 ! s*eme ( ! pseudo-,mane?o 7#bad-a_/b74 ,!n comes a s]ies ( corruptions ( ! g5u9e ,mane?o1 i4e41 ( ! ,mane?o ( ! ?irty hi/orical ,egyptian dyna/ies4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 conf\nd$ ) ! ,mane?o ( ! ,dog-/>1 & h5ce x is t ! fifte5 dyna/ies ( ,mane?o are call$ ! fifte5 dyna/ies ( ! ,so?iac cycle4 ,b h[ is ! numb] #ddc to be expla9$8 ,is ?is entry to be und]/ood 9 ! same s5se z ! simil> "o 9 ,clem5s1 namely1 t ! fir/ fifte5 dyna/ies compreh5d$ ! #ddc ye>s prior to ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ cycle1 consequ5tly prior to #acbb8 or is x simply tak51 ) a slight alt]ation by ,eusebius1 to ! f\rte5? & fifte5? dyna/ies 7#dce78 ,! foll[+ dates = ! l5g? ( reigns are 9 ! gross evid5tly borr[$ f ,eusebius4444 ,9 ! sequel1 !re is no m reckon+ by dyna/ies1 b sev5ty-five g5]ations are numb]$1 9 ord] to make up ! #aac ( ,mane?o4 ,s palpable is t14444 ,la/ly1 ! dates & numb]s 444 are br\ght into %ape by v>i\s arbitr>y exp$i5ts2 b ,eusebius on all occasions appe>s z ! au?ority4444 ,z ! dates ( ! individual dyna/ies n[ run1 #ahd ye>s are want+ to make up ! promis$ #cf1ebe ye>s4 ,x is sc>cely wor? :ile to inquire :]e ! mi/ake lies4 ,he f9ally pron\nces ! ,old ,*ronicle to be ! compilation ( a ,jewi% or ,*ri/ian impo/or ( ! ?ird c5tury1 or lat]4 ,z ,mr ,palm] has n directly adv]t$ to ?is passage f ,buns5 9 8 ,egyptian ,*ronicles1 ,i w give an extract f a lett] :i* ,i h receiv$ f ,mr ,palm] on ! subject1 :i* w cle> (f "s ( ! tissues ( confusion into :i* ! /rictures ( ,b>on ,buns5 h got entangl$4 ,i ass]t1 9 ! fir/ in/ance 7!re be+ no?+ :atev] to ! contr>y71 t we h ! ,old ,*ronicle 9 a p]fectly g5u9e =m1 i4e4 9 ! text ( ,syncellus & ,africanus1 b by no means 9 ,buns52 & fur!r1 t x really is1 & !y f :om we h x tell u x 01 ! olde/ ,greco-,egyptian writ+ ( ! k9d curr5t 9 ! "t ( ,africanus4444 ,buns5 pron\nces ! ,old ,*ronicle to be ! compilation ( a ,jewi% or ,*ri/ian impo/or ( ! ?ird c5tury 7',eusebius appe>+ on all occasions z ! au?ority1' c47 ,9 ! ,old ,*ronicle1 z giv5 by ,syncellus & ,africanus1 !re is no?+ :atev] borr[$ f ,eusebius2 b ,eusebius has borr[$ f & alt]$ ! ,old ,*ronicle1 s z to suit 8 own sacr$ *ronology4 ,! ',book ( ,so?is1' too1 has work$ up & alt]$ ! ,old ,*ronicle1 ) :i* x is by no means to be id5tifi$4444 ,b ,i deal ) ?ree s-call$ ,mane?os--viz4 7#a47 ! orig9al ,mane?o ( ,josephus & ,erato/h5es1 :o _h only tw5ty-?ree hi/orical dyna/ies ( 8 total ( ?irty dyna/ies 7! ,old ,*ronicle1 f :i* he took ! numb] ( ?irty1 hav+ tw5ty-n9e hi/orical & "o t ( ! sun god unhi/orical72 7#b47 ! ,mane?o ( ,ptolemy ( ,m5des1 :i* is ! ,mane?o ( ,africanus1 :o has ?irty-"o dyna/ies1 all pret5d+ to be hi/orical2 &1 la/ly1 ! ,mane?o ( ! ',book ( ,so?is1' us$ by ,anianus & ,panadorus 7to :i* la/ alone ,buns5's 444 m5tion ( 'fifte5 dyna/ies ( ! ,dog-/>' ref]s74444 ,if any figures 9 ! ,mane?o ( ! ',book ( ,so?is' ( ! fif? c5tury ,a4,d41 are borr[$ f ,eusebius1 !re is no?+ 9 ?is1 ,eusebius himself hav+ us$ & alt]$ ! ,old ,*ronicle be=e1 j z ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,so?is or ,anianus may h us$ ,eusebius & ! old *ronicle4 ,b ,i am n n[ deal+ ) ! "q ( fact1 :e!r ,eusebius' figures 7 s foll[$ or n4444 ,:5 ,buns5 says1 ',p]haps x may n be m]e accid5t t ! figures #cihd agrees1' c42 he %\ld h said r t "s '*ronograph]s' 'agree' ') x1' & p]haps s agree n by accid5t4 ,i d n rememb] :e!r any "o1 or :o 9 p>ticul>1 ( mod]n *ronograph]s agree ) x2 b c]ta9ly if any d1 x is q by accid5t4 ,! numb] #cihd1 z giv5 by ! ,old ,*ronicle to ,*ronos & ! o!r twelve gods1 has no relation :atev] to any reckon+ ( ! ye> ( ! _w to ,*ri/2 & a *ronolog] might z well adapt 8 sum ( ye>s f ! ,creation to ,*ri/1 or to any o!r fanciful numb]1 z to ?is4 ,! tru? is1 t ) ! %ort] numb]s ( ! ,vulgate1 _m *ronolog]s h made out sums ( ab\t f\r ?\s& ye>s1 "s r m1 "s less4 ,9 ! some:at l5g!n$ extract :i* ,i h made 7sup4 p4 #id7 f ,buns51 f\r figures 7#cihd1 #bag1 #ddc1 & #ahd7 w h /ruck ! eye1 :i* baffle ev5 ,buns5's p5etration1 & only make twice conf\nd$ :at 0 confus$ be=e4 ,b :at if ^! f\r figures %\ld all be acc\nt$ =8 &1 :5 acc\nt$ =1 fitt$ into ! *ronology s z to be 9 keep+1 n only ) ! o!r figures ( ! ,*ronicle1 b also ) ! sy/ems ( ,mane?o & ,erato/h5es1 z exactly z ! key fits ! w>ds ( ! lock8 7vide infra1 p4 #ccb71 w n ! matt] beg9 to we> a diff]5t aspect8 ,:5 ! figures are %[n to be imb$d$ 9 all ! diff]5t sy/ems :i* h be5 transmitt$ to u1 w x !n be said t ! figures are evid5tly borr[$ f ,eusebius8 ,b1 9 fact1 x is also demon/rat$ by int]nal evid5ce t ! ,*ronicle1 z we h x1 mu/ be ref]r$ to ! date #cje ,b4,c4 ,?is1 !n1 is h[ ! argum5t /&s2 b x is a matt] ( "s difficulty to compass ,mr ,palm]'s elaborate argum5t1 & ,i _c attempt to d m ?an to indicate its mo/ sali5t po9ts4 ,premis+ t ! ,so?ic cycle 7a p]iod ( #adfa vague1 or #adfj fix$ sid]eal ye>s7 0 connect$ by ! ,egyptians ) _! recurr+ p]iods ( trans=mation & r5ovation 7common to ! my?ologies ( ,egypt & ,india71 & also t two su* p]iods 7#adfa #b7 #bibb correspond$ ) ! ant$iluvian p]iod1 or r ) ! sum ( ! lives or reigns ( ! ant$iluvian patri>*s1 inclusive ( survivors ( ! ,deluge1 ) some?+ add$ 9 ord] to ?r[ ! :ole into cyclical =m1 all :i* is %[n 9 detail 9 ,egyptian ,*ronicles1 i4 #bc-cg1 ,i may n[ proce$ to ,mr ,palm]'s analysis ( ! s*eme ( ! ,old ,*ronicle1 :i* is ?us giv5 by ,syncellus1 probably f ! ,mane?o ( ,africanus 7,palm]'s ,egypt4 ,*ron41 i4 #g73-- ,!re is extant among ! ,egyptians a c]ta9 ,old ,*ronicle1 ! s\rce1 ,i suppose1 :i* l$ ,mane?o a/ray1 exhibit+ xxx dyna/ies & aga9 cxiii g5]ations1 ) an inf9ite space ( "t 7n ! same ei!r z t ( ,mane?o71 viz4 ?ree myriads1 six ?\s& five hundr$ & tw5ty-five ye>s--#a/1 ,( ! ,a]it2 #b;dly1 ,( ! ,me/rans2 &1 #c;dly1 ,( ! ,egyptians1--be+ ^w = ^w z foll[s3-- ,dyna/y ,i4 to ,,xv4 inclusive ( ! *ronicle ( ! gods3-- ,"t ( ,ph?a !re is none1 z he %9es equally by night & by day b all g5]ations be+ f him ,fir/ dyna/y ,greek3 ,hlios i4e4 ,ra1 ! sun-god1 son ( ,ph?a1 reign$ ?ree myriads ( ye>s1 #cj1jjj ,!n ,dyna/y ,,ii4 to ,,xiv4 inclusive1 & g5]ations ,,ii4 to ,,xiv4 inclusive ,greek3 ,kronos or ,greek3 ,*ronos1 i4e4 ,seb1 & all ! o!r xii gods :o are ! ,a]it p]haps ( ,eusebius & ,africanus1 reign$ ye>s #cihd ,!n ,dyna/y ,,xv4 viii demigod k+s ! ,me/rans ( ,eusebius & ,africanus reign$ z viii g5]ations b "o dyna/y1 ye>s #bag ,& aft] !m xv g5]ations ( ! ,cynic cycle 7 regi/]$ 9 ye>s #ddc ,!n ,dyna/y ,,xvi4 ( ,tanites1 g5]ations viii1 ye>s #aij ,!n ,dyna/y ,,xvii4 ( ,memphites1 g5]ations iv1 ye>s ( ! same g5]ations #ajc ,aft] :om !re foll[$-- ,dyna/y ,,xviii4 ( ,memphites1 g5]ations xiv1 ye>s ( ! same g5]ations #cdh ,!n ,dyna/y ,,xix4 ( ,diospolites1 g5]ations v1 ye>s #aid ,!n ,dyna/y ,,xx4 ( ,diospolites1 g5]ations viii1 ye>s ( ! same g5]ations #bbh ,!n ,dyna/y ,,xxi4 ( ,tanites1 g5]ations vi1 ye>s #aba ,!n ,dyna/y ,,xxii4 ( ,tanites1 g5]ations iii1 ye>s #dh ,!n ,dyna/y ,,xxiii4 ( ,diospolites1 g5]ations ii1 ye>s ( ! same g5]ations #ai ,!n ,dyna/y ,,xxiv4 ( ,saites1 g5]ations iii1 ye>s #dd ,besides :om is to be reckon$-- ,dyna/y ,,xxv4 ( ,e?iopians1 g5]ations iii1 ye>s ( ! same g5]ations #dd ,aft] :om aga9 !re foll[$-- ,dyna/y ,,xxvi4 ( ,memphites1 g5]ations vii1 ye>s ( ! same g5]ations #agg ,& !n aft]-- ,dyna/y ,,xxvii4 ,"h ! designation1 g5]ations1 & ye>s are purposely omitt$2 b ! ye>s are impli$ by ! sum total1 :i* foll[s bel[1 to be c]ta9ly #ahd ,dyna/y ,,xxviii4 ( ,p]sians1 g5]ations v1 ye>s ( ! same g5]ations #abd ,!n ,dyna/y ,,xxix4 ( ,tanites1 g5]ations 1 ye>s #ci ,&1 la/ly1 aft] all ! above-- ,dyna/y ,,xxx4 ( "o ,tanite k+1 ye>s ------ ,g5]ations cxiii1 ye>s #cf1ebe ,sum ( all ! ye>s ( ! ,,xxx4 ,dyna/ies1 ?ree myriads1 six ?\s& five hundr$ & tw5ty-five 7,k+s #ahha ye>s74 ,^! #cf1ebe ye>s1 :5 divid$ by #adfa1 ! ,so?ic cycle 7z not$ by ,syncellus71 give ! quoti5t xxv4 ,we ne$ n digress into ! conjectural reasons :y tw5ty-five su* p]iods 7 tak51 r ?an any o!r numb]4 ,we w be cont5t at />t+ to see 9 its relation to ! cycle evid5ce ( ! purely fictiti\s "* ( its myriads ( ye>s1 & a clue to ! significance ( ! indication1 aft] !m xv g5]ations ( ! ,cynic cycle1 c4 ,mr ,palm] 7i4 xxiii47 says1 t ! "q :i* fir/ sugge/$ itself to him 0-- ,to :at ,so?ic cycle are ^! #ddc ye>s or xv g5]ations said to belong8 = !re 0 ! d\bt :e!r !re 0 any real ,so?ic cycle at all4 ,= a ,so?ic cycle is n m]ely a space ( #adfa ,egyptian ye>s1 b x is t p>ticul> space ( #adfa su* ye>s1 & t only1 :i* beg9s f ! conjunction ( ! movable new ye> or ,?o?1 ) ! heliacal ris+ ( ,sirius1 fix$ to #bj? ,july ( our ,gregorian cal5d> = t "p ( ,egypt :i* is j above ,memphis4444 ,= ! au?or ( a *ronicle end+ ) ,nectanebo1 or at any date betwe5 ! ,so?ic epo*s1 #bj? ,july ,b4,c4 #acbb 7! kn[n comm5cem5t ( a cycle71 & #bj? ,july ,a4,d4 #aci1 '! ,so?ic cycle1' c\ld only mean ! cycle actually curr5t i4e4 ,b4,c4 #acbb to ,a4,d4 #aci #adfa4444 ,aft] ?is discov]y1 if ! p]ception ( a truism c be call$ a discov]y1 x foll[$ naturally to obs]ve fur!r t 9 con/ruct+ a fanciful s*eme 444 end+ at any o!r date ?an a true cyclical epo*1 ! fir/ op]ation 444 mu/ be to cut (f all ^? ye>s ( ! true curr5t cycle :i* 7 yet to run out1 bel[ ! date fix$ ^u1 & to ?r[ !m back s t !y might be reckon$ z pa/ in/ead ( be+ look$ =w>d to z future4 ,?is1 !n1 0 :at ! au?or ( ! ,old ,*ronicle _h done2 &1 ) an ironical hum\r common among ! ,egyptians1 he _h told 8 read]s to _! faces ! nature ( 8 trick1 ticket+ & labell+ ! key to x 7! #ddc ye>s7 & ty+ x 9 ! lock1 or r leav+ x 9 ! lock itself4 ,c\nt+1 !n1 back #aci ye>s ( ! #ddc f ! #bj? ,july ,a4,d4 #aci to #bj? ,july ,b4,c4 #a1 & #cjd m f #bj? ,july ,b4,c4 #a1 we come to #bj? ,july 9 #cje ,b4,c4 7if ! ye>s be fix$1 sid]eal1 or sol> ye>s71 or to #h? ,novemb] #cje1 if !y be 7z !y really are7 vague ,egyptian ye>s 7#cje ,b4,c4 be+ ! ye> 9 :i* ,ptolemy ,lagi assum$ ! cr[n74 ,= ! discrepancy betwe5 ?is date & ! conque/ ( ,o*us1 at :i* ! s]ies ( ! ,*ronicle o/5sibly ends1 vide ,egypt4 ,*ron41 p4 xxiv4 ,let ! read] n[ return to ! s*eme ( ! *ronicle 7sup4 p4 #ig74 ,! analysis ( ! :ole sum1 #cf1ebe ye>s1 gives #cj1jjj ye>s 7to ! sun71 #cihd 7to xiii gods71 #bag 7to viii demigods71 #ddc 7to ! ,so?ic cycle71 #ahha to k+s f ,m5es to ,nectanebo 7! la/ native sov]eign74 ,s f> we h only #ahha ye>s1 correspond+ to an hi/orical p]iod1 #ddc ( ! cycle ?r[n up4 ,x has be5 previ\sly not$1 h[ev]1 t #bibb 7two ,so?ic cycles7 correspond to ! ant$iluvian & patri>*al p]iod 7i4 #cg74 ,! intricate "p ( ! scrut9y w be f\nd 9 ! discrim9ation ( ! #bibb ye>s 7:i*1 ) #bag #ahha1 make up ! sequ5ce ( human "t1 ,a4,m41 to ,nectanebo7 f ! figures #cihd ye>s 9 ! analysis above4 ,= ! full & sci5tific discrim9ation1 ,i mu/ ref] ! read] to ,egyptian ,*ronicles1 i4 #ag2 b = a simple demon/ration1 we may take ! hi/orical figures z above--viz4 #bibb #bag #ahha1 add$ to ! figures ?r[n 9 to complete ! cycle 7vide infra71 viz4 #cda #dhc1 all :i* figures #ehdd1 & d$uct !m f ! :ole cyclical numb] ?us-- #cf1ebe #e1hdd ------ #cj1fha ,n[1 rev]t+ to ! s*eme ( ! ,*ronicle1 we %all see ! r\nd numb] #cj1jjj ye>s 7be+ z x 7 an ,egyptian mon?1 9 ?\s&s ( ye>s in/ead ( days7 apportion$ (f to ! sun-god4 ,to obta9 ?is r\nd numb]1 ! fractional numb] #fha w\ld h to be deta*$1 & !re be+ at h& ! cyclical numb] #bibb ye>s 7two p]fect ,so?ic cycles71 any numb] 9 reason ( fractional rema9d]s might be add$ to x1 s9ce ) ! symmetrical nucleus1 ! agglom]ation w\ld always be recognisable by ! initiat$1 i4e4 by ! prie/s4 ,! #fha ye>s 7 !re=e add$ to #bibb1 & also ! #cda fictiti\s ye>s 7to make "t f ! beg9n+ to run 9 ! =m ( ,so?ic cycles7 7 add$1 because !re !y w\ld cause no confusion2 :]eas if !y _h be5 add$ to ! #bag ye>s ( ! demigods1 no "o c\ld any long] h di/+ui%$ ! orig9al fraction4 ,we ?us collect1 !re=e1 ^? v>i\s figures into ! sum :i* 0 ! figure ( difficulty--viz4 #cihd 7#fha #bibb #cda #dj71 ! =ty ye>s includ$ hav+ m]ely ref]5ce to ! po9t at :i* ! curr5t ,so?ic cycle 0 ?r[n up--be+ ! ye>s int]v5+ betwe5 ! flight ( ,nectanebo 9 ,b4,c4 #cde1 & ! coronation ( ,ptolemy ,lagi 9 ,b4,c4 #cje4 ,^u 8 own me?od1 bas$ ^u ,josephus1 :o foll[s 9 ! ma9 ! ,septuag9t 7on a pr9ciple ( compromise su* z all read]s1 :atev] may be _! sy/em1 may agree 9 accept+ provisionally1 & z an approximation71 ,mr ,palm] 7i4 #bb-bi7 br+s ! ,scripture ,a4,m4 to ,b4,c4 #a1 to a syn*ronism ( five ye>s f\r mon?s & "s days1 ) ! ,egyptian computation4 ,b ! same key is made to unlock all ! sy/ems ( ,egyptian *ronology1 & 9 ! c\rse ( 8 two volumes ( close & le>n$ inve/igation1 ,mr ,palm] demon/rates t ,mane?o1 ,erato/h5es1 ,ptolemy ( ,m5des1 ,diodorus1 ,josephus1 ,africanus1 ,eusebius1 ,anianus1 ,panodorus1 & ,syncellus1 h1 ei!r ( !mselves or by foll[+ o!rs1 transf]r$ dyna/ies1 g5]ations1 & ye>s ( ! gods & demigods ( ! ,*ronicle1 & ev5 fifte5 g5]ations ( ,ptolemies & ,cs>s1 z yet unborn at ! date ( ! ,*ronicle1 to k+s aft] ,m5es4 ,let ! above s*eme ( ! ,*ronicle be comp>$1 = in/ance1 ) ! s*eme ( ,diog5es ,la]tius 7:i* ,mr ,palm] conjectures1 ^u intr9sic evid5ce1 to h be5 transmitt$ ?r\gh ,ari/otle74 ,diog5es ,la]tius' :ole figure is #dh1hfc ye>s1 :i* conta9s = its fictiti\s "p ?irty times #adfa #dc1hcj1 :i*1 be+ d$uct$ f #dh1hfc1 #dc1hcj ------ #e1jcc leaves #ejcc = true human "t4 ,n[ #ejcc ye>s are equal to ^? #bibb ye>s #bag ye>s #ahha ye>s1 :i* alone 9 ! ,*ronicle belong prop]ly & orig9ally to ! xiii gods & viii demigods & ! la/ xv dyna/ies ( ! k+s f ,m5es to ,nectanebo1 ) only ?irte5 surplus ye>s1 i4e4 f ! conque/ ( ,d>ius ,o*us to ,alex&]2 seem+ly to ! autumn ( ,b4,c4 #ccb1 :5 he fir/ ent]$ ,egypt4 ,"h ,i might conclude my outl9e ( ,mr ,palm]'s s*eme1 s f> z is necess>y to ! v9dication ( ! ,*ronicle z aga9/ ,buns51 7 x n = ! rema9+ figure 7all ! o!rs1 if ! read] w ref] back1 h be5 acc\nt$ =7--viz4 #ahd1 to :i* ,buns5 ref]s4 ,?is figure is %[n to correspond ) ! #ahd ye>s ( ! ,hyksos or ,%eph]ds 7i4 #acd1 #ace1 et seq41 #aee1 #bhe1 #bii74 ,dyna/y ,,xxvii41 to :i* ! #ahd ye>s 9 ! ,*ronicle are attribut$1 has be5 displac$ f betwe5 ,dyna/ies ,,xvii4 & ,,xviii4 ( ! ,*ronicle1 & its #ahd ye>s are re/or$ to _! true place & to ! ,%eph]ds by ,mane?o1 & are giv5 by ! ,!ban prie/s1 i4e4 by ,erato/h5es1 suppress+ ! ,%eph]ds1 to ! k+s ( ,upp] ,egypt4 ,z reg>ds ,mane?o 7i4 #bhd7 hav+1 besides ! #ahha ye>s ( ! ,*ronicle1 #afgd additional ye>s ( k+s1 ( :i* 7#bb #bag 7 #bci only are 9 !mselves1 ?\gh n 9 _! attributions1 *ronological1 & hav+ giv5 ( ^! #adia 7:i* are ?rice #dgg & #fj ov]7 to 8 six e>ly dyna/ies ( ,l[] ,egypt 7& sixte5 inconv5i5t ye>s he isolat$ betwe5 8 ,dyna/ies ,,xiv4 & ,,xv41 s z to include !m 9 8 ,book i471 he gave to ! ?ree e>ly dyna/ies ( ,upp] ,egypt no o!r un*ronological ye>s ?an two complem5t>y sums1 ! "o ( #dc 7to ! fir/71 & ! o!r1 ( #abd ye>s1 to ! second ( ! ?ree dyna/ies1 t ^! same sums might bo? coalesce ) ! rema9d] ( sixty ye>s belong+ to ! sum ( ! six dyna/ies ( ,l[] ,egypt1 s z to make ) x1 or r to indicate1 ! "o ( !m ! sum ( #ajc1 ! o!r ! sum ( #ahd4 ,vide table1 p4 #bhe4444 ,sum ( six dyna/ies ( ,l[] ,egypt1 #adia4 ,b ?is sum #adia is equival5t to #aij #ajc #ahd #dgg #aij #ajc #ahd #dgg #aij #ajc #ahd #dgg ---- ,b #fj 7#adca #fj7 #adia #dc ---- 7#adca #fj7 #dc #ajc 7#dc ( ,dyn4 ,,xiv4 ( ,upp] ,egypt47 7#adca #fj7 #abd ---- #ahd 7#abd ( ,dyn4 ,,xv4 ( ,upp] ,egypt 9 ,book ii47 ,! place ( ! #ahd ye>s ( ! ,%eph]d ,dyna/y w be se5 z cle>ly 9 ! analysis ( ,erato/h5es' s*eme ,f4 9 ,egyptian ,*ronicles 7i4 #bii71 & if ,i _h space ,i %\ld l to give x 9 ext5so1 because x is ^u 8 #ajgf f ,m5es to ,,xviii4 ,dyna/y1 t ,buns5 ma9ly relies = 8 fundam5tal !ory 7,buns5's ,egypt1 ii4 xvi47 ,z ! confutation ( ,buns5 does n ent] into ,mr ,palm]'s plan1 ,i ?9k x wor? :ile to add1 t ^! #ajgf ye>s are ?us made up #dgg1 ! true hi/orical l5g? ( ! epo* 7f ,m5es to ,,xviii4 ,dyna/y71 z we "k f ! *ronicle 7vide ,palm]'s supra71 h5ce ! significance ( ?is figure 9 table above1 #ddc ( ! cycle add$1 #aef ( ,dyn4 ,,xviii4 encroa*$ ^u#gg = ! symmetrical purpose display$ 9 s*eme ,f1 9 :i* s*eme x w be se5 t ! #ahd ye>s ( ! ,%eph]ds aga9 ent] z a con/itu5t "p4 #gg ,x w be und]/ood t1 9 ! above s*eme & ?r\gh\t1 ,mr ,palm] assumes ! exi/5ce ( cotemporane\s dyna/ies else:]e demon/rat$4 ,x is admitt$1 on all h&s1 t cotempor>y dyna/ies ceas$ ) ! ,,xviii4 ,dyna/y2 &1 9 ! o!r direction1 all s*emes comm5ce ) ,m5es4 ,if1 !n1 ?is int]val ( "t is kn[n or det]m9$ by "o "p ( a s*eme 7z x is kn[n f ! *ronicle to be #dgg ye>s71 & at ! same "t1 ! exig5ces ( ! case 7ow+ to fictiti\s additions7 require ! location ( o!r figures )9 ! int]val1 !n ! sup]-additions mu/ ov]lap 7app>5tly to ^? :o "k #dgg ye>s to be ! true hi/orical figure7 at "o end or ! o!r4 ,"o hundr$ & fifty-six ye>s 7z above7 is ! ext5t ( ! ov]lapp+ 7! #ddc ye>s ( ! cycle /&+ ap>t7 9 ! s*eme ( ,erato/h5es4 ,b z ,i am m]ely indicat+ ! s*eme1 & n elaborat+ ! argum5t1 ,i mu/ "h "p company ) ,mr ,palm]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 any "o wi%es to exam9e ! "q m 9 detail1 & seeks to "k 9 :at mann] ! ye>s 9 ! above s*eme are apportion$ among ! diff]5t g5]ations & dyna/ies1 he mu/ take up ) ,mr ,palm] at i4 p4 #cjj4 ,my purpose is suffici5tly answ]$ by e/abli%+ t a s*eme exi/s1 if n irrefutable1 at lea/ up to ?is unconfut$1 :i* p]fectly h>monises ! scriptural ) ! ,egyptian *ronology4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,tradition ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,race4 ,tradition reveals ! pa/ to u1 & consequ5tly x reveals to u also ! future4 ,x is ! tie :i* b9ds ! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & ! future toge!r1 & is ! sci5ce ( !m all4 ,if we possess$ ! memory ( mank9d1 z we d t ( our p]sonal exi/5ce1 we %\ld "k all4 ,b if we h n ! memory ( mank9d1 does n mank9d possess x8 ,is mank9d )\t memory1 )\t tradition8444 ,!re is no nation :i* does n exi/ ?r\gh tradition1 n only hi/orical traditions relative to its e>?ly exi/5ce1 b ?r\gh religi\s traditions relative to its et]nal de/9y4 ,to despise ?is treasure1 :at is x b to despise life1 & t :i* con/itutes its connection1 its unity1 its light1 z we h j se58444 ,:5 ,god spoke to m5 ,8 ,^w pass$ into "t 444 ,happily tradition seiz$ ^u x z soon z x left ! ?re%old ( et]nity2 & tradition is nei!r an e>1 nor a m\?1 nor an isolat$ memory1 b ! e>1 ! m\?1 & ! memory ( g5]ations unit$ toge!r by tradition itself1 & imp>t+ to x an exi/5ce sup]ior to ! caprices & weakness ( individuals4 ,nev]!less1 ,god w\ld n tru/ to oral tradition alone 444 ,symbolical tradition 0 to add itself to oral tradition by su/a9+ & confirm+ x 444 ,! five t]ms con/itut+ ! my/]y ( good & evil3 ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 ! creation ( ! _w & ( man by ,god1 ! fall ( man1 8 re/oration by a great act ( div9e m]cy1 &1 la/ly1 ! f9al judgm5t ( mank9d 444 & t :i* oral tradition decl>$1 symbolical tradition %\ld repeat at all times & 9 all places1 9 ord] t ! obscur$ or deceiv$ memory ( man might be br\ght back aga9 to tru? by an ext]nal1 a public1 an univ]sal1 all-p[]ful spectacle4 ,lacordaire is speak+ pr9cipally ) ref]5ce to sacrifice & ! sacrifice ( ,m\nt ,calv>y4 444 ,ea* "t t oral tradition und]w5t a movem5t ( r5ovation by ! brea? ( ,god1 symbolical tradition felt ! effects ( x4 ,! sacrifice ( ,abel m>ks ! era ( patri>*al tradition2 ! sacrifice ( ,abraham m>ks ! era ( ,hebrew tradition2 ! sacrifice ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! f9al & consummat+ sacrifice1 m>ks ! era ( ,*ri/ian tradition4444 ,su* is ! nature ( tradition1 & su* its hi/ory4 ,tradition is ! connection ( ! pres5t ) ! pa/1 ( ! pa/ ) ! future2 x is ! pr9ciple ( id5tity & cont9uity :i* =ms p]sons1 families1 nations1 & mank9d4 ,x fl[s 9 ! human race by ?ree great /reams :i* are cle>ly p]ceptible--! ,*ri/ian1 ! ,hebrew1 & ! patri>*al or primitive2 9 all ^! ?ree x is oral & symbolical1 & :e!r z oral or symbolical x speaks ( ,god1 ! creation1 ! fall1 rep>ation & judgm5t4444 ,)\t occupy+ ourselves ) ! "q z to :e!r ,scripture 0 a gift f above or an inv5tion ( m51 we see t !re exi/s two k9ds ( x--human & sacr$ scripture4 ,i und]/& by human scripture1 t :i* is consid]$ by m5 z ! expression ( ! ideas ( a man2 ,i und]/& by sacr$ scripture t :i* is v5]at$ by nations z conta9+ some?+ m ?an ! ideas ( a man4444 ,!re are 9 ! _w an innum]able quantity ( books1 nev]!less !re are b six ( !m :i* h be5 v5]at$ by nations z sacr$4 ,^! are ! ',k+s' ( ,*9a1 ! ,v$as ( ,india1 ! ,z5d-,ave/a ( ! ,p]sians1 ! ,koran ( ! ,arabs1 ! ,law ( ! ,jews1 & ! ,gospel4 ,& at fir/ sight ,i am /ruck ) ?is r>ity ( sacr$ writ+s4 ,s _m legislators h f\nd$ cities1 s _m m5 ( g5ius h gov]n$ ! human und]/&+1 & yet all ^! legislators1 all ^! m5 ( g5ius1 h n be5 able to cause ! exi/5ce ( m ?an six sacr$ books ^u e>?6444 ,e sacr$ book is a traditional book1 x 0 v5]at$ be=e x exi/$1 x exi/$ be=e x appe>$4 ,! ,koran1 :i* is ! la/ ( ! sacr$ writ+s 9 ! ord] ( "t1 (f]s to u a pro( ( ?is wor?y ( our ?\ghtful att5tion4 ,)\t d\bt1 ,mahomm$ reli$ ^u pret5d$ revelations2 h[ev]1 x is cle> to all ^? :o read ! ,koran1 t ! ,abrahamic tradition 0 ! true s\rce ( its p[]4444 ,! same traditional "* %9es ^u ea* page ( ! ,*ri/ian & ,hebrew books2 we f9d x also 9 ! ,z5d-,ave/a1 ! ,v$as1 & ! ,k+s ( ! ,*9ese4 ,tradition is ev]y:]e ! "m ( religion2 x prec$es & eng5d]s sacr$ books1 z language prec$es & eng5d]s scripture2 its exi/5ce is r5d]$ immovable 9 ! sacr$ books 444 a sacr$ book is a religi\s tradition :i* has _h /r5g? en\gh to sign its "n4444 ,! sacr$ writ+s are1 !n1 traditional2 x is _! fir/ "*4 ,i add t !y are con/itu5t1 t is to say1 !y possess a m>vell\s p[] = giv+ vitality & duration to empires4 ,/range to say1 ! mo/ magnific5t books ( philosoph]s h n be5 able to f\nd1 ,i d n say a p1 b a small philosophical society2 & ! sacr$ writ+s1 )\t exception1 h f\nd$ v great & la/+ nations4 ,?us ! ,k+s f\nd$ ,*9a1 ! ,v$as ,india1 c4444 ,look at ,plato 444 h[ is x t ,plato has n be5 able to con/itute1 ,i d n say a nation1 b simply a p]man5t s*ool8 ,h[ is x t communities tott] :5 ?9k]s m$dle ) !m1 & t ! precise mom5t ( _! fall is t :5 m5 ann\nce to !m t m9d is emancipat$1 t ! old =ms :i* b\nd toge!r human activity are brok51 t ! alt> is und]m9$ & reason is all-p[]ful8 ,philosoph]s6 if y speak ! tru?1 h[ is x t ! mom5t :5 all ! elem5ts ( society become m ref9$ & develop !mselves1 is ! mom5t ( its dissolution8--,f ,pre ,lacordaire's ,conf]5ces4 ,conf4 #i & #aj4 7,tran4 ,h4 ,langdon2 ,ri*>dson1 #aheb47 ,i %\ld also wi% ,m4 ,augu/e ,nicolas' ,etudes ,philosophiques sur le ,*ri/ianisme--p>ticul>ly lib4 ,i4 *ap4 v41 ,necessite d'une revelation ,primitive2 & lib4 ,,ii4 *ap4 iv41 ,traditions univ]selles--to be read 9 connection ) ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,i did n become acqua9t$ ) ,m4 ,nicolas until aft] ! *apt] 0 conclud$4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 fulfill$ my obligations 9 ! above extract f ,l',abbe ,lacordaire1 :i* lies m au fond ( my view ?an ! *apt]s ref]r$ to 9 ,m4 ,nicolas4 ,i also wi% to direct att5tion to a rem>kable article 9 ! ,home & ,=eign ,review1 ,jan4 #ahfd1 entitl$ ,classical ,my?s 9 relation to ! ,antiquity ( ,man1 sign$ ,f4 ,a4 ,p4 ,tradition1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* we h j se5 x us$ by ,lacordaire1 9 :at we may call its wide/ signification1 is n limit$ to oral tradition1 b may be t]m$ ! connection ( evid5ce :i* e/abli%es ! unity ( ! human race2 &1 ) ?is evid5ce1 e/abli%es ! id5tity & cont9uity ( its belief1 laws1 in/itutions1 cu/oms1 & mann]s 7,mann]s1 vide ,goguet's ,orig9 ( ,laws1 i4 #cbg-cbi74 ,! m closely ! tradition is inve/igat$1 ! m ?or\ghly w x be f\nd to atte/ a common orig91 & ! m fully w its con=mity ) ! scriptural n>rative be made app>5t4 ,n[1 al?\gh 9 all ages !re h be5 m5 ( great intellect :o h held to tradition1 x may be /at$ z "o ( ^? tru?s1 qui saute aux yeux1 & :i* w n be ga9said1 t ! human intellect has be5 ?r\gh\t oppos$ to tradition1 has be5 its mo/ con/ant adv]s>y1 equally :5 x 0 ! tradition ( a corrupt poly!ism1 z :5 x 0 ! tradition ( unconte/$ tru?2 & s active has be5 ?is antagonism1 t ! m>vel is t any?+ ( primitive tradition %\ld h rema9$4 ,h5ce arose ! div]g5ce betwe5 religion & philosophy--a div]g5ce :i*1 z x seems to me1 is inexplicable f ! po9t ( view ( ^? :o believe t1 9 ! c5turies :i* prec$$ ! com+ ( our ,"l1#gh religion simply 0 n1 _h ceas$ to be2 unless we suppose t a tradition ( ! antagonism _h surviv$1 :i* w\ld /ill p>tially disclose h[ x came ab\t t :5 religion _h ceas$ to be 7pro argum5to71 or _h become corrupt1 philosophy1 :i* !n 7ex hypo!si7 alone so>$ above ! intellect ( ! cr[d1 did n1 & c\ld n become a religion to !m1 infra1 pp4 #adb1 #ade1 #adf4 #gh ,su* appe>s to me to be ! conclusion ( ,mr ,allies 9 8 le>n$ "w 7,! ,=mation ( ,*ri/5dom1 ii4 *ap4 viii4 #eg71 ,univ]sality ( false wor%ip 9 ! mo/ div]se nations ! summ+ up ( man's :ole hi/ory4 ,i reque/ att5tion1 h[ev]1 to ! foll[+ passage1 at page #chb1 :i* has an especial be>+ ^u my argum5t3--,no d\bt ! ,greek m9d _h liv$ & brood$ = ages ^u ! rema9s ( orig9al revelation1 nor c any le>n+ n[ completely unravel ! int]wov5 ?reads ( tradition & reason s z to di/+ui% _! sep>ate "w4 ,h[ev]1 x is c]ta9 t 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c41 ! ,greeks 7 )\t a hi]>*y1 & )\t a def9ite !ology3 n inde$ )\t individual prie/hoods1 tradition>y rites1 & an exi/+ wor%ip1 z well z c]ta9 my/]ies :i* pr(ess$ to communicate a high] & m recondite doctr9e ?an t expos$ to ! public gaze4 ,b 9 ! abs5ce ( any hi]>*y 444 a v l>ge range inde$ 0 giv5 to ! m9d1 act+ ^u ?is %ad[y religi\s belief1 & re-act$ ^u by x1 to =m _! philosophy4 ,! ,greeks did n1 any m ?an antiquity 9 g5]al1 use ! acts ( religi\s s]vice = in/ruction by religi\s disc\rse4 ,9 o!r words1 !re 0 no su* ?+ z prea*+ among !m4 ,a doma91 !re=e1 0 op5 to ! philosoph]1 on :i* he might /& )\t directly impea*+ ! ance/ral wor%ip1 :ile he exam9$ its gr\nds1 & p]haps sapp$ its f\ndations4 ,he 0 !re9 tak+ up a position :i* ^! prie/s1 ! civil function>ies ( religi\s rites1 sc>cely any long] reta9+ a spiritual mean+ or a moral cog5cy1 _h n occupi$4 ,& ! hi/ory ( ?is antagonism seems to be1 t ! human intellect has ev] _h1 & n[ m confid5tly ?an ev]1 ! aim & ambition to sub/itute some?+ bett] ?an ! revelation ( primitive tradition1 & ! exp]i5ces ( ! human race4 ,x is q conceivable t human life & human in/itutions might h be5 arrang$ ^u "s s*eme diff]5t f t ( ! div9e appo9tm5t2 & al?\gh we may believe t any su* s*eme w\ld result 9 ultimate confusion & ! f9al ext9ction ( ! human race1 x is /ill !oretically possible t ! exp]im5t might h be5 made4#gi #gi ,take = in/ance ,mr ,j4 ,s4 ,mill's peculi> views z to ! /atus ( wom51 ,! law ( s]vitude 9 m>riage ,wives be ob$i5t to y\r husb&s1 ,/ ,paul1 he says1 is 9 mon/r\s contradiction to all ! pr9ciples ( ! mod]n _w 7p4 #adg74 ,m>riage is ! only actual bondage kn[n to our law1 id4 ,b at p4 #di1 ,mr ,mill says1 ,! g5]al op9ion ( m5 is suppos$ to be1 t ! natural vocation ( a woman is t ( a wife & "m4 ,b he !n adds 7p4 #cg71 ,x w n d to ass]t 9 g5]al t]ms t ! exp]i5ce ( mank9d has pron\nc$ 9 fav\r ( ! exi/+ sy/em4 ,exp]i5ce _c possibly h decid$ betwe5 two c\rses1 s long z !re has only be5 exp]i5ce ( "o4 ,if x be said t ! doctr9e ( ! equality ( ! sexes re/s only on !ory1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! contr>y doctr9e also has only !ory to re/ ^u4 ,all t is prov$ 9 its fav\r by direct exp]i5ce1 is t mank9d h be5 able to exi/ "u x1 & to atta9 ! degree ( improvem5t & prosp]ity :i* we n[ see2 b :e!r t prosp]ity has be5 atta9$ soon]1 or is n[ great] ?an x w\ld h be5 "u ! o!r sy/em1 exp]i5ce does n say4 ,take 9 illu/ration1 aga91 ! communi/ic s*emes z aga9/ ! in/itution ( prop]ty4 ,n[1 al?\gh ,*ri/ianity has realis$ all t w ev] be possible 9 ! way ( communism 9 its religi\s ord]s1 ! communi/ic sects h always in/9ctively direct$ _! fir/ ef=ts aga9/ religion z aga9/ ! basis ( ! social ord] ( ?+s :i* !y attack$4 ,?is 0 =cibly br\ght out 9 c]ta9 lett]s on ,european ,radicalism1 9 ! ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 ,octob] & ,novemb] #ahfi1 e4g4 all ! conte/s on ! ?ree capital que/ions 7'gov]nm5t1 prop]ty1 religion'7 :i* we are n[ engag$ 91 are b cont9uations ( ! orig9al div]g5ce ( op9ion 7be=e settl$ gov]nm5t71 consid]ably modifi$1 ( c\rse1 "u ! influ5ce ( "t1 ! v>i\s traditional notions mank9d pres]ves "u ! "n ( beliefs1 & ! :ole /ock ( exp]i5ce x has accumulat$ "u ! "n ( k4 ,s l1 inde$1 are ! anci5t & mod]n conte/s on ^! matt]s1 c4444 7,lett] ,i47 ,aga9 7,lett] ,v471 speak+ ( our ,engli% sociali/ discuss+ ! necessity ( build+ social edifices ^u mat]ial1 n religi\s gr\nds1 ! writ] adds1 t among cont95tal sociali/s no "o ?9ks !re ( ! possibility ( matt]s /&+ o!rwise2 & t 9 ! sociali/ work%ops ( ,france & ,g]many x is well kn[n t ! v basis ( social radicalism requires ! ab&onm5t ( all k9ds ( religi\s discussion1 z matt] ( purely p]sonal incl9ation1 & ! abolition ( all k9ds ( privileges z incompatible ) equality4 ,all ?is has be5 put out ( date by ! de$s ( ! ,commune & ! programme ( ! ,int]national ,society--viz4 ,! burn+ ( ,p>is we accept ! responsibility (4 ,! old society mu/ & w p]i%4 ,! ,spectator1 ,decemb] #ahfi1 speaks /ill m explicitly3--,infirm & crippl$ ?\gh %e be1 ! ,roman ,*ur* is /ill ! only "o :o has ! c\rage to be cosmopolitan1 & claim ! "r to l9k nation ) nation1 & lit]ature ) lit]ature4 ,su* an assembly z ! ,c\ncil is1 at lea/1 an extraord9>y te/imony to ! cosmopolitanism ( ! great ,*ur* :i* seems trembl+ to its fall2 & :o c d\bt t t fall1 :5ev] x comes1 w be foll[$ by a great tempor>y loos5+ ( ! fai? 9 human unity--9 spite ( ! electric telegraph--by a deep5+ ( ! *asm betwe5 nation & nation1 by ! loss ( at lea/ a mo/ pot5t spell ov] ! imag9ation ( ! _w1 by a contraction ( ! spiritual ideal ( e *ur*8 ,?is ideal1 ev5 ,prote/ants1 ev5 ,sceptics1 ev5 ,positivi/s h ow$1 & h own$ t !y ow$1 to ! ,roman ,*ur*1 ! only ,*ur* :i* has really succe$$ 9 unit+ ! bond betwe5 any "o ecclesia/ical c5tre & ! di/ant circumf]5ce ( human intellig5ce & en]gy4 ,b if ! consequ5ce ( ! collapse ( ,romanism w\ld be 9 ?is way a loss ( p[] to ! human race1 ?9k only ( ! ga9 ( p[] :i* w\ld result f ! f9al dea? ( sac]dotal ideas1 f ! f9al bl[ to ! sy/em ( arbitr>y au?ority ex]cis$ ov] ! intellect & ! consci5ce1 f ! new life :i* w\ld fl[ into a fai? & sci5ce re/+ on ! /eady accumulation ( moral & intellectual facts & ! p]sonal life ( ! consci5ce 9 ,*ri/--f ! f9al triumph ( moral & intellectual ord] & fre$om4 ,x w\ld d\btless be a new life1 subject to great an>*y at fir/2 b ! old au?oritative sy/ems h !mselves be5 ( late little m ?an an>*y j kept "u by ! au?ority ( prescription & tradition2 & "o c only hope = ! new ord] f ! complete recognition t x is to h no arbitr>y or caprici\s f\ndation4 ,"h comes 91 ) its full significance1 ! great say+ ( ,lacordaire's--,ord] ,i comp>e to a pyramid rea*+ f heav5 to e>?4 ,m5 _c ov]?r[ its base1 because ! f+] ( ,god re/s ^u its apex4 ,if ! f+] ( ,god did n s re/1 !re is no assignable reason :y ?is pyramid--?is incubus1 z "s w\ld call x--:i* goes back1 /one ^u /one1 to ! primitive ages1 %\ld n h be5 ov]turn$1 & "s sy/em purely a!i/ical1 purely mat]ial1 purely communi/ic1 sub/itut$ = x4 ,b ,i believe t no democratic organisation1 h[ev] ext5d$ among ! masses1 w ov]?r[ ! e/abli%$ ord] ( ?+s1 s long z ! possessors ( prop]ty1 ! upp] classes1 are true to ! objects = :i* prop]ty 0 in/itut$4 ,consid]+ h[ mu* man has effect$ 9 ! mat]ial ord]1 & consid]+ also ! v>i$ intellectual faculties ) :i* he is end[$1 x /rikes "o z /range1 z some?+ :i* has to be acc\nt$ =1 t he has be5 able to effect s little 9 ! moral ord]4 ,x is ! same :e!r we reg>d ! action ( ! intellect ^u ! individual man1 or ^u society4 ,& f ?is latt] po9t ( view x is s true1 t x is m ?an d\btful :e!r ^? epo*s 9 :i* man has atta9$ ! highe/ po9t ( intellectual & mat]ial civilisation1 are n ^? also 9 :i* he has rea*$ ! l[e/ dep?s ( immorality2#hj & 9 :i*--hav+ t\*$ ! l[e/ po9t ( corruption--! human intellect is unable to devise any bett] plan = ! gov]nm5t ( mank9d1 ?an ! repression ( despotism4#ha #hj ,x is1 ^u ! :ole1 extremely d\btful :e!r ^? p]iods :i* are ! ri*e/ 9 lit]ature1 possess ! greate/ %>es1 ei!r ( moral excell5ce or ( political happ9ess4 ,we are well aw>e t ! true & happy ages ( ,roman greatness long prec$$ t ( ,roman ref9em5t & ,roman au?ors2 &1 ,i fe>1 !re is b too mu* reason to suppose t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! mod]n nations we may f9d _m examples ( ! same k9d 7,f4 ,s*legel's ,hi/ory ( ,lit]ature1 i4 #cgc74 ,see also ! acc\nt ( ! corruption ( morals 9 ,rome 9 ! ,augu/an p]iod 7,allies' ,=m4 ( ,*ri/5dom1 ,i4 ,lect4 ,i47 ,x is curi\s to obs]ve t ! m eloqu5t1 polite1 & le>n$ ! ,greeks became1 9 ! same proportion !y became ! m degrad$ & corrupt 9 _! national religion 7,godfrey ,higg9s' ,celtic ,druids1 #ahbi1 p4 #bjg74 #ha ,il n'y a1 ,messieurs1 que deux sortes de repression possibles3 l'une intrieure1 l'autre extrieure4444 ,elles sont de telle nature que qu& le !rmomtre politique e/ lev1 le !rmomtre de la religion e/ bas1 et qu& le !rmomtre religieux e/ bas1 le !rmomtre politique1 la repression politique1 la tyrannie s'lve4 ,ceci e/ une loi de l'humanit1 une loi de l'hi/oire4 ,vide ,disc4 de ,donoso ,cortes 7,m>q4 de ,valdegamas71 #d? ,janu>y #ahdi2 9 :i* he pursues ?is rem>kable p>allelism ?r\gh\t hi/ory4 ,b if ! human intellect _c prev5t or control corruption1 _c x dis5*ant vice ( its evil1 & s c\nt]act its effects8 ,is !re no new conception ( virtue ) :i* to allure mank9d8 ,no second decalogue :i* w attract by its novelty1 or conv9ce by logical cog5cy & =ce8 ,! ,comti/s1 ,i believe1 h a s*eme = sett+ all ^! ?+s "r4 ,b :at portion ( mank9d d !y influ5ce8 ,!y are at pres5t =midable only z may be ! cl\d on ! horizon1 nor h !y f\nd sympa?y ev5 :]e !y might h _h "s expectation ( f9d+ x4 ,if !re 0 any sep>ate section ( mank9d :i* might h giv5 !m c\nt5ance1 x w\ld1 "o w\ld ?9k1 be ! rationali/ section1 ^: pr9ciples w\ld dis9cl9e !m to reg>d old modes ( ?\ght ) undue p>tiality4 ,x is f ?is qu>t]1 if ,i mi/ake n1 t ! unk9de/ cut has come1 & t x has be5 said t ! latt] half ( ,comte's c>e] & writ+s is ! despair & bewild]m5t ( ^? :o admire ! prec$+ half2 yet 9 ?is latt] half he only aim$ at conv]t+ rationalism f a negative to a positive sy/em4 ,b1 all[+ t a sy/em ( "s sort might ?us be con/ruct$1 c positivism be def9$ z m ?an ! sy/em ( ^? :o are positive by mutual cons5t & agreem5t )\t fai? or c]ta9ty1 & :o are ! m positive 9 proportion z !y rec$e f ,ca?olic tru? & tradition4 ,we1 h[ev]1 :o believe 9 ! id5tity ( ,ca?olicism & ,*ri/ianity1 may /ill appreciate ,pr(essor ,huxley's def9ition ( positivism1 viz4--,ca?olicism m9us ,*ri/ianity4#hb #hb ,montalemb]t 7,disc4 de ,reception1 #aheb1 ,disc\rs iii4 pp4 #fad1 #fae1 #fba1 #fbb7 says ( ! ,con/itu5t ,assembly ( #aghi--;,x 0 ! ,assembly ( #aghi :i* made ! ^w revolution ! synonyme ( me?odical de/ruction1 ( p]man5t w> aga9/ all ord] & all au?ority4444 ,x _h t mania = uni=mity :i* is ! p>ody ( unity1 & :i* ,montesquieu call$ ! passion ( m$iocre m9ds4444 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,con/itu5t ,assembly 0 want+ n only 9 ju/ice1 c\rage1 & humanity1 b x 0 also defici5t 9 good s5se4 ,! evil :i* x creat$ has surviv$ x4 ,x has made u believe t x is possible to de/roy ev]y?+ & to recon/ruct ev]y?+ 9 a day4444 ,god has *a/is$ x1 above all1 by ! /]ility ( its "w4 ,x _h _h ! pret5ce ( lay+ ! f\ndations ( lib]ty = ev]1 & x _h = its successors ! mo/ sangu9>y tyrants :o ev] di%on\r$ any nation4 ,its mission 0 to re-e/abli% ! f9ances1 ! empire ( ! law1 & x has bequea!d to ,france bankruptcy1 an>*y1 & despotism--despotism )\t ev5 ! repose :i* !y h wrongly tak5 z ! comp5sation ( s]vitude4 ,x has done m3 x has left pretexts = e abuse ( =ce1 & prec$5ts = any excess ( future an>*y4 ,montalemb]t c\ld h>dly h =ese5 ! la/ application ( its pr9ciples :i* we h rec5tly witness$ 9 ,p>is by ! ,commune1 :i*1 too1 =soo?1 0 to h inaugurat$ a new era = humanity4 ,b x 7?is ,con/itu5t ,assembly7 f\nd$ no?+--,no?+6 ,! anci5t society :i* x rev]s$ _h la/$1 9 spite ( its abuses1 a ?\s& ye>s4 ,c any "o adduce a m typical repres5tative ( ! cle>1 p[]ful1 p5etrat+ intellect ( man ?an ,voltaire6 ,voltaire1 moreov]1 _h ! aim & ambition 7ecras] l'infame7 to oblit]ate ! tradition ( ! pa/2 yet c !re be a bett] example ( ! impot5ce ( ! intellect 9 ! moral ord]8 ,does x n seem />tl+ t1 :5 ! human intellect1 z 9 ! case ( ,voltaire1 %\ld be able to detect ) s mu* acum51 s mu* wit1 :at is wrong1 t x %\ld be :olly /ruck ) /]ility :5 x attempts to tell u :at is "r1 to reveal to man any tru? 9 ! moral ord] n traditionally kn[n to !m4 ,& if ! disciples ( ,voltaire h occasionally1 9 spasmodic ef=ts1 attempt$ ?is1 x has n be5 9 ! mann] ( ,voltaire2 x has be5 9 ! _s ( eclecticism1 ( recon/ruction out ( ! elem5ts ( ! pa/--t is to say 7) p>don1 if ! phrase has be5 us$ be=e71 an attempt to create1 out ( ! elem5ts he w\ld h spurn$1 edifices :i* he w\ld h d]id$4 ,n[1 ! pret5sion ( ! human intellect is q contr>y to ?is exp]i5ce4 ,x claims to h progressively elevat$ mank9d out ( a /ate ( primitive b>b>ism1 to h indoctr9at$ !m ) ! ideas ( morality :i* !y possess1 to h humanis$ !m1 & ?us affirms ! conv]se ( ! !ory ( tradition :i* x pursues ) mu* unreason+ & implacable animosity4 ,! ,saturday ,review 7,july #bd1 #ahfi71 9 review+ ,mr ,glad/one's ,juv5tus ,mundi1 says--,mr ,glad/one is d\btless well aw>e t !re 0 no portion ( 8 ,hom]ic /udies :i* 0 receiv$ ) m surprise1 or ) m unfav\rable comm5t1 ?an 8 speculations on :at he describ$ z ! traditive & ! inv5tive elem5ts 9 ! ,hom]ic my?ology4#hc ,9 consequ5ce1 ,mr ,glad/one says he has endeav\r$ to avoid 9 8 m rec5t "w a c]ta9 crudity ( expression4 ,! ,saturday ,review1 h[ev]1 says--,t '! crudity ( expression' "h ref]r$ to seems to h be5 correct$ & modifi$ to "s ext5t by disguis+ ! process ( argum5t by :i* x 0 su/a9$1 & by ! adoption ( a light] t\* & slight] treatm5t ( ! subject ?an 9 ! =m] book4 ,b ! !ory itself1 we believe1 rema9s ! same4 #hc ,f a purely philosophical po9t ( view1 :y %\ld ^! speculations ( ,mr ,glad/one h be5 receiv$ ) m surprise & unfav\rable comm5t ?an any o!r portions ( 8 ,hom]ic /udies8 ,i may assume1 !n1 t ! passage :i* ,i h else:]e quot$ f ,mr ,glad/one1 & laid z ! basis ( my argum5t1 /ill has 8 c\nt5ance & support1 9 spite ( ! manife/ antagonism x has provok$4 ,& ?is passage1 ,i v5ture to ?9k1 acquires fre% light & an accession ( =ce :5 plac$ 9 juxtaposition ) ! p>allel passages f ,de ,mai/re & ,dr ,newman4 ,^! passages w pres5t no difficulties to ! believ] 9 ! ,bible4 ,h[ f> ! view is su/a9able1 ) ref]5ce to ! m rec5t conclusions 9 *ronology1 ,i %all consid] 9 ano!r *apt]2 b1 assum+ t x is n *ronologically disprov$1 !re is no intr9sic impossibility :i* w deb> belief4 ,! g5]al probability ( tradition be+ ?us av\*$1#hd ,i proce$ to exam9e c]ta9 /atem5ts t h be5 made z to its necess>y v>iability1 & z to ! unc]ta9ty & indef9it5ess ( its utt]ances4 #hd ,9 "o way1 no?+ is s unc]ta9 z tradition1 &1 moreov]1 tradition is r>ely positive & direct1 b1 on ! contr>y1 prone to concrete into /range1 fragm5t>y1 & di/ort$ %apes4 ,z an in/ance1 we may take ! tradition :i* ,g5esis atte/s1--,:5 ,abraham's h& _h be5 /ay$ by ! angel f ! sacrifice ( ,isaac1 444 ,he call$ ! "n ( t place ',! ,"l see?4' ,:]eupon1 ev5 to ?is day x is said1 ',9 ! m\nta9 ! ,"l w see4'--,g54 xxii4 #ad4 ,9 illu/ration ( ! mode & mann] ( tradition1 is ! anecdote ( ,mr ,hookham ,fr]e1 :o /ates1 t :5 ! ,maltese talk )\t res]ve ^u religi\s subjects1 !y say1 ,ev]ybody kn[s t ,adam 0 ! fir/ man1 b we alone "k t he possess$ fi%+-boats2 :i* ,buns5 says ,c be no?+ b a ,pho5ician rem9isc5ce4--,egypt1 iv4 #bae1 ! rem9isc5ce ( ! leg5d ( ! ,fi%]man4 ,comp>e ! ,fi%]man & 8 wife 9 ,grimm's ,popul> ,/ories f ,oral ,tradition4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z to its v>iability1 x is true t te/$ by ! exp]i5ce :i* we possess ( ! p]si/5cy & exactness ( family & local traditions1 tradition 9 ! broad] s5se :i* ,i h indicat$ may appe> to be ( little value4 ,i h else:]e att5d$ a clos] argum5t on ?is po9t 9 reply to ,sir ,john ,lubbock 7*4 xii471 b ,i may also make :at appe>s to me1 z reg>ds ?is matt]1 a suffici5tly important di/9ction4 ,family tradition is s confus$1 because at ea* remove 9 ea* g5]ation1 x is necess>ily cross$ ?r\gh m>riage ) ! traditions ( ano!r family4 ,^! may be ei!r rival or irreconcileable4 ,b ?is rem>k w apply ) mu* less =ce1 x w only second>ily & accid5tally apply at all to ! common traditions1 ! inh]itance ( all families />t+ f a common orig94 ,if ^! traditions acquir$ "s dross ?r\gh ! int]m>riage ( families1 !y w1 on ! o!r h&1 ?r\gh ! v action ( int]m>riages1 h be5 m frequ5tly comp>$1 m vividly1 !re=e1 kept 9 remembrance1 & m recognisable 9 _! di/ortion1 because ! di/ortion is m likely to h be5 9 ! way ( sup]-addition ( :at 0 ?\ght congru\s & supplem5tal4 ,& ?is seems to me to meet ,mr ,max ,mll]'s objection 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review = ,april #ahgj4 ,comp>ative philology1 he says1 has taught aga9 & aga91 t :5 we f9d exactly ! same "n 9 ,greek & ,sanscrit1 we may be c]ta9 t x _c be ! same ^w2 = we "h see reason :y & h[ ^! traditions h be5 specially protect$ aga9/ ! natural action & law :i* x is ! peculi> prov9ce ( philology to trace4 ,i say ?is m especially ) ref]5ce to ! etymology 9 ,bryant's & o!r k9dr$ works1 :i* x is n[ ! fa%ion to set aside ) mu* hauteur2 & ,i ass]t x )\t impugn+ 9 any way ! results ( mod]n philological inquiry1 ext5d+1 ( c\rse1 ov] a mu* wid] field ?an ! writ]s ( ! la/ c5tury c\ld embrace4 ,b ,i d cont5d1 t :5 ! discussion has ref]5ce to ! common prog5itors ( ! human race1 or ! incid5ts ( primitive life--= in/ance1 ! names ( ! ark1 & :at ,i may call its accessories1 ! dove & ! ra9b[#he--;a c]ta9 probability ( id5tity may be presum$ 9 su* sort t x may *ance t ! probabilities ( tradition mu/ be held to ov]ride ! conjectures1 & 9 "s cases ev5 ! conclusions ( philology4#hf #he ,vide ,bryant's ,my?ology1 ii4 #hf ,aft] ! exposition ( 8 own !ory1 ,mr ,grote says--,x is 9 ?is po9t ( view t ! my?s are important = any "o :o w\ld correctly appreciate ! g5]al tone ( ,grecian ?\ght & feel+1 = !y 7 ! univ]sal m5tal /ock ( ! ,hell5ic _w1 common to m5 & wom51 ri* & poor1 ignorant & in/ruct$1 !y 7 9 e "o's memory & 9 e "o's m\?1 :ile sci5ce & hi/ory 7 conf9$ to comp>atively few4 ,we "k f ,?ucydides h[ errone\sly & c>elessly ! ,a!nian public ( 8 day reta9$ ! hi/ory ( ,pisi/ratus1 only "o c5tury pa/2 b ! adv5tures ( ! gods & h]oes1 ! numb]less explanatory leg5ds atta*$ to visible objects & p]iodical c]emonies1 7 ! !me ( g5]al talk1 & e man unacqua9t$ ) !m w\ld h f\nd himself p>tially exclud$ f ! sympa?ies ( 8 neighb\rs4--,hi/4 ,greece1 i4 p4 #fjh2 comp4 infra1 *4 xi4 ,i incl9e1 moreov]1 to ! belief t ! fidelity & p]si/5cy ( local tradition is great] ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e#hg says--,! tru? is1 t ! /able "p ( our m5tal1 moral1 & physical con/itution is ! l>ge/ "p ( x1 & ! resi/ance x opposes to *ange is su* t1 ?\gh ! v>iations ( human society 9 a portion ( ! _w are pla9 en\gh1 !y are nei!r s rapid nor s ext5sive t _! am\nt ( "* & g5]al direction _c be asc]ta9$4 ,?is e/abli%es a presumption1 at any rate1 9 fav\r ( tradition1 al?\gh ,i admit t ! quotation f ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e does n g fur!r ?an po9t to a tradition ( usages2 b ,i cont5d t a tradition ( usage w\ld enable u1 aft] ! mann] ( ,b\lang]1#hh to disclose ,l'antiquite devoile p> ses usages1 & to e/abli% ! ma9 po9ts & basis ( ! hi/ory ( ! human race1 e4g4 ! ,fall1 ! ,deluge1 ! ,disp]sion1 ! e>ly k & civilisation ( mank9d1 ! primitive mono!ism1 ! confusion ( tongues1 ! family sy/em1 m>riages1 ! in/itution ( prop]ty1 ! tradition ( a common morality1#hi & ( ! law ( nations4 #hg ,anci5t ,law1 p4 #aag4 #hh ,p\r tr\v] le v]itable objet de ces d]nires solemnits1 dont les motifs sont compliqus1 n\s n\s atta*ons analys] leur crmoniel et *]*] l'esprit de leurs usages2 et cet esprit a*ve de n\s faire reconnatre l'objet que n\s n'avions d'abord qu'entrevu ou s\ponn1 quelquefois mme il n\s dveloppe encore la nature des motifs trang]s et my?ologiques1 et ces motifs se tr\v5t p\r la pl"p n'tre que des traditions du mme fait qui ont t ou corrompus p> le temps1 ou trave/ies p> des allgories4--,b\lang]1 ,l',antiquite devoile p> ses ,usages1 i4 #ca4 #hi ,vide o!r l9es ( tradition indicat$ 9 ,b4 iii41 ,c4 iii41 ( ,de ,mai/re1 ,du ,pape4 ,?is inquiry might no d\bt =m a dep>tm5t ei!r ( scriptural exegesis1 univ]sal hi/ory1 or ( e?nological rese>*2 b1 9 po9t ( fact1 its scope is too l>ge practically to fall )9 su* limits2 :]eas1 if x 7 recognis$ z a sep>ate bran* ( /udy1 x w\ld1 ,i v5ture to ?9k1 9 ! progress ( its inve/igation1 br+ all ^! diff]5t bran*es ( inquiry into h>mony & complet5ess4 ,& ,i fur!r cont5d1 t ! conclusions ?us atta9$ are z well-des]v+ ( consid]ation z ! conclusions ( sci5ce f ! implem5ts ( ! drift1 or z ! evid5ce ( "s bones1 f ! plioc5e b$s ( ,/ ,pre/1 :i* appe> to %[ ! m>ks ( knives2#ij :i* are adduc$ 9 evid5ce ( a ,paloli?ic age4 ,s t1 :5 on "o side x is said t sci5ce 7mean+ ! sci5ce ( geology or philology1 c47 has prov$ ?is or t fact app>5tly contr>y to ! scriptural n>rative1 x c1 on ! o!r h&1 be ass]t$ t ! facts1 or ! inf]5ces f !m1 are incompatible ) ! te/imony ( ! sci5ce ( tradition4 ,! def5d]s ( ,scripture w ?us secure foo?old on ! gr\nd ( sci5ce1 :i*1 :5 prop]ly entr5*$1 w /& good aga9/ ! mo/ =midable recognizances or assaults ( ! enemy4 #ij ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1 ,intro4 to ,nillson's ,/one ,age1 xii4 ,i _c help ?9k+ t "s su* ?\ght lurks 9 ! foll[+ passage ( ,c>d9al ,wiseman's ,second ,lecture on ,sci5ce & ,reveal$ ,religion 7#e? ,edition1 p4 #gc7-- ,"h aga9 ,i _c b regret our inability to compreh5d 9 "o glance ! be>+s & connections ( diff]5t sci5ces2 =1 if x appe>s t ages mu/ h be5 requir$ to br+ languages to ! /ate :]e9 we fir/ f9d !m1 o!r rese>*es w\ld %[ u t ^! ages nev] exi/$2 & we %\ld ?us be driv5 to discov] "s %ap+ p[]1 "s ev]-rul+ influ5ce1 :i* c\ld d at once :at nature w\ld take c5turies to effect2 & ! ,book ( ,g5esis ha? alone solv$ ?is problem4 ,no d\bt a great] g5]al acqua9tance & p[] to grasp--or bett] /ill1 an intuitive glance--) :i* to compreh5d ! be>+s & connections ( diff]5t sci5ces1 w\ld t5d to circumscribe ! ab]rations ( any p>ticul> sci5ce2 b ! special int]v5tion :i* appe>s to me de/9$ to br+ ! v>i\s sci5ces into h>mony1 w be ! elevation ( ! p>ticul> dep>tm5t ( hi/ory or ar*ology :i* has to d ) ! traditions ( ! human race z to its orig9 into a sep>ate & recognis$ bran* ( inquiry2 & ,i am satisfi$ t if any portion ( t intellect1 :i* is cunn+ 9 ! recon/ruction ( ! ma/odon f its v]tebral bone1 _h be5 direct$ to ! great l9es ( human tradition1 t en\gh ( ! reliqui & ve/iges ( ! pa/ rema9 to e/abli% _! con=mity ) t :i* alone has solv$ ?is problem--! ,book ( ,g5esis2 & :i*1 ap>t f ! consid]ation ( its inspiration1 w ev] rema9 ! mo/ v5]able & be/ atte/$ ( human records4#ia #ia ,e4g41 ,mr ,grote says1 9 8 ,introduction1 t ?r\gh ! comb9ation & illu/ration ( scanty facts1 ! g5]al picture ( ! ,grecian _w may n[ be conceiv$ ) a degree ( fidelity :i*1 consid]+ our imp]fect mat]ials1 x is curi\s to contemplate4 ,! ,duke ( ,argyll 7,primeval ,man1 p4 #bd7 says--,)9 c]ta9 limits x is n op5 to dispute t ! e>ly condition ( mank9d is accessible to rese>*4 ,contempor>y hi/ory rea*es back a c]ta9 way4 ,exi/+ monum5ts af=d _! evid5ce = a consid]able di/ance f>!r4 ,tradition has its own prov9ce /ill m remote2 & latt]ly geology & ar*ology h met ^u common gr\nd--gr\nd 9 :i* man & ! mammo? h be5 f\nd toge!r4 ,x is mu* too readily assum$ t traditions mu/ be wor?less :]e no records are kept4 ,gibbon1#ib ,i ?9k1 0 ! fir/ :o took ?is position4 ,to ?is ,i reply1 t al?\gh records are valuable = ! atte/ation1 !y are n gu>antees = ! fidelity ( tradition4#ic ,i d n ass]t t ! tradition is m tru/wor?y ?an ! record2 b t1 :5 mank9d tru/ ma9ly to tradition1 ! faculties by :i* x is su/a9$ w be m /rongly develop$1 & ! adaptation ( society = its transmission m exactly con=m$4 ,9 o!r words1 tradition 9 anci5t times seem$ to fl[ z f a f\nta9-head1 & ! _w 0 ev]y:]e groov$ = its reception4 ,we may take 9 evid5ce ! /range resemblances 9 my?ological tradition 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r ! oral tradition ( ! ,hom]ic v]ses2 ! frequ5t conc\rse ( citiz5s1 & at recurr+ fe/ivals ( ! surr\nd+ populations1 to li/5 to _! recital4 ,& n only 0 !re oral tradition 9 v]se1 b all public ev5ts 7 record$ 9 ! atte/ations ( ! m>ket-place4 ,:5 a treaty 0 ratifi$ x 0 commonly be=e "s temple1 or 9 "s place ( public resort1 & its t]ms 7 committ$ to memory by "s hundr$ witnesses2 & 9 l mann] 0 ! recollection ( o!r public ev5ts & memorable facts pres]v$4#id 7,vide ,pa/oret's ,hi/4 de la ,lgislation1 i4 #ga2 also1 acc\nt ( ,annales ,maximi 9 ,dy]'s ,rome1 xvii47 #ib ,gibbon 7,decl9e & ,fall1 i4 #cec7 says1 ,b all ?is well-lab\r$ sy/em ( ,g]man antiquities is annihilat$ by a s+le fact1 too well atte/$ to admit ( any d\bt1 & ( too decisive a nature to leave room = any reply4 ,! ,g]mans1 9 ! days ( ,tacitus1 7 unacqua9t$ ) ! use ( lett]s1 & ! use ( lett]s is ! pr9cipal circum/ance :i* di/+ui%es a civilis$ p f a h]d ( savages1 incapable ( k or reflection4 ,)\t t artificial help1 ! human memory ev] dissipates or corrupts ! ideas intru/$ to h] *>ge4 ,comp>e ) ,col]idge1 infra1 p4 #abb2 ,ozanam1 infra1 *4 xiii4 #ic ,eusebius 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/41 *4 xxxvi47 says1 speak+ ( ,/ ,ignatius--,he exhort$ !m to adh]e firmly to ! tradition ( ! apo/les2 :i*1 = ! sake ( great] security1 he deem$ x necess>y to atte/ by committ+ x to writ+4 ,i d n rememb] to h se5 ?is quot$ 9 te/imony & pro( ( ecclesia/ical tradition4 #id ,goguet 7,orig9 ( ,laws1 i4 #bi7 says--,! fir/ laws ( all nations 7 compos$ 9 v]se1 & sung4 ,apollo1 accord+ to a v anci5t tradition1 0 "o ( ! fir/ legislators4 ,! same tradition says t he publi%$ 8 laws to ! s\nd ( 8 lyre2 t is to say1 t he _h set !m to music4 ,we h c]ta9 pro( t ! fir/ laws ( ,greece 7 a k9d ( song4 ,! laws ( ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,spa9 7 v]ses1 :i* !y sung4 ,tui/on 0 reg>d$ by ! ,g]mans z _! fir/ lawgiv]4 ,!y said he put 8 laws into v]ses & songs4 ,?is anci5t cu/om 0 long kept up by sev]al nations4 ,e4 ,w>burton 7,conque/ ( ,canada1 i4 #bad7 says--,! want ( any writt5 or hi]oglyphic records ( ! pa/ among ! ,nor!rn ,indians 0 to "s ext5t suppli$ by ! accurate memories ( _! old m52 !y 7 able to repeat spee*es ( f\r or five h\rs' duration1 & deliv]$ _m ye>s be=e1 )\t error1 or ev5 hesitation2 & to h& !m d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation ) equal accuracy4444 ,on great & solemn occasions belts ( wampum 7 us$ z aids to recollection 444 :5 a treaty or compact 0 negotiat$4 ,yet1 al?\gh dur+ long p]iods oral transmission 0 = mank9d ! ma9 *annel ( tradition1 x mu/ n necess>ily be conclud$ t writ+ 0 unkn[n1 & 0 n employ$ = monum5tal & o!r purposes4 ,:at /rikes "o mo/ =cibly 9 contemplat+ ^! ages1 is ! contra/ betwe5 _! intellectual k & _! me*anical & mat]ial contrivances = its application4 ,dur+ ^! c5turies 9 :i* ! #cj1jjj hexamet]s ( ! ,iliad & ,odyssey 7 transmitt$ 9 memory1 by repetition1 at public fe/ivals1 oral tradition 0 d\btless employ$1 because dur+ ?is p]iod pap]1 p>*m5t1 or ev5 ! smoo!d hides1 z adapt$ = ! purposes ( writ+1 7 unkn[n4#ie ,?is1 :il/ x c]ta9ly is 9 evid5ce ( ! paucity ( _! available res\rces1 at ! same "t e/abli%es ! ret5tive /r5g? ( _! memory1#if & _! intellectual famili>ity ) great tru?s4 #ie ,vide ,h4 ,n4 ,col]idge 7,greek ,classic ,poets1 p4 #ch-db71 9 speak+ ( ! ,dionysiacs1 ! ,!baids1 ! ,epigoniads1 ,naupactica1 g5ealogies1 & ! o!r works ( t sort1 p4 #dd1 he adds--,j z 9 ! ,indian & ,p]sian epics1 9 ! ,nor!rn ,eddas1 9 ! poem ( ! ',cid1' 9 ! e>ly *ronicles ( e nation ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 "o /ory foll[s ano!r /ory 9 ! ord] ( m]e hi/ory2 & ! skill & fire ( ! poet are %[n1 n 9 ! artifice ( gr\p+ a hundr$ figures into "o picture1 b 9 rais+ admiration by ! sep>ate beauty ( ea* successive picture4 ,!y tell ! tale z ! tale _h be5 told to !m1 & leave out no?+4 #if ,accord+ to ! acc\nt :i* ! ,*9ese !mselves give ( _! annals1 ! works ( ,confucius 7 proscrib$1 aft] 8 dea?1 by ! ,emp]or ,*i-,hoangti1 & all ! copies1 includ+ ! ,*u-,k+1 7 recov]$ f ! dictation ( an old man :o _h reta9$ !m 9 memory4 ,! great morali/ ( ! ,ea/ himself1 ,confucius1 ass]t$--t he only wr\ght on mat]ials already exi/+4 ,vide ,klapro? ap41 ,c>d9al ,wiseman1 ,sci5ce & ,rev4 ,religion1 ii4 p4 #di4 ,9 ! article 9 ! ,cornhill ,magaz9e1 ,nov4 #ahga1 conta9+ ! valuable collection ( ,dravidian 7,s\? ,indian7 folk-songs1 x is said1 p4 #egg1 t !y are h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 entirely viv voce1 & f ! m9/rels h pass$ into public use4 ,& ?is seems to me ! suffici5t reply to ,sir ,*>les ,lyell's some:at capti\s objection1 t if ! intellectual k ( ! primitive age 0 s great1 we ought n[ to be digg+ up /eam eng9es in/ead ( fl9t implem5ts4 ,e age has its own peculi> sup]iority1 z ha? ea* individual m9d--non omnia possumus omnes--& x is z reasonable to object to an age ( philosophic ?\ght1 or ( intuitive p]ception1 t x 0 n ri* 9 ! weal? ( mat]ial civilisation1 z x w\ld be to object to ,plato or ,%akspe>e1 t !y did n acquire dom9ion ov] mank9d2 or to ,alex&]1 t he did n excel ,ari/otle2 or to ,sir ,c4 ,lyell1 suppos+ geology to be c]ta91 t he did n anticipate ,d>w91 suppos+ ,d>w9ism to be true4 ,& if x %\ld be m precisely object$ t1 if 9 ^? ages !re 0 ! k ( writ+ = monum5tal purposes1 we ought at lea/ to f9d monum5ts1#ig ,i say t ! onus prob&i lies ) ! objector to prove ! inv5tion or introduction ( writ+ 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! age ( ,hom] & ! age ( ,p]icles1 z aga9/ u :o believe 9 its primeval transmission2 or to %[ t its introduction 0 m probable at ?is latt] p]iod ?an at ! =m]4#ih #ig ,! ,duke ( ,argyll 7,primeval ,man1 p4 #cj7 says--,k1 = example1 or ignorance ( ! use ( metals are1 z we %all see1 *>act]i/ics on :i* great /ress is laid 7by ! advocates ( ! savage !ory74 ,n[1 z reg>ds ?is po9t1 z ,:ately truly says1 ! n>rative ( ,g5esis di/9ctly /ates t ?is k9d ( k did n belong to mank9d at fir/4444 ,x is assum$ 9 ! savage !ory t ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ?is k /&s 9 close & natural connection ) ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( o!r & high] k9ds ( k1 ( :i* an acqua9tance ) metals is b a symbol & a type4 ,)9 c]ta9 limits ?is is true4 #ih ,presum+ total ignorance ( writ+--its inv5tion at any p]iod seems to me mu* m m>vell\s ?an ! discov]y ( pr9t+ aft] ! inv5tion ( writ+4 ,= ! re/ we h se5 t writ+ 0 kn[n at an e>ly p]iod to ! ,*aldans & ,egyptians1 & probably to ! ,*9ese & ,japanese1 & to ! ,m$ians 7*4 xii47 ,plut>* tells u t a law ( ,!seus1 writt5 on a column ( /one1 rema9$ ev5 to ! "t ( ,demo/h5es4 ,s*legel says#ii-- ,i h laid x d[n z an inv>iable maxim to foll[ hi/orical tradition1 & to hold fa/ by t clue1 ev5 :5 _m ?+s 9 ! te/imony & decl>ations ( tradition appe> /range & almo/ inexplicable2 or1 at lea/1 enigmatical2 = s soon z1 9 ! inve/igations ( anci5t hi/ory1 we let slip t ?read ( ,ariadne1 we c f9d no outlet f ! labyr9? ( fanciful !ories & ! *aos ( cla%+ op9ion4 #ii ,phil4 ,hi/4 ,i propose to give a few in/ances ( tradition1 casually select$1 :i* appe> to me to be 9 illu/ration ( ?is dictum ( ,s*legel's4 ,take1 9 illu/ration1 ! "q :e!r mank9d comm5c$ ) ! /ate ( monogamy4 ,n t !re is any obscurity on ?is po9t 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis4 ,x is inde$ sometimes loosely said t we f9d in/ances ( polygamy 9 patri>*al times2 b1 z our ,"l said1 x 0 n s 9 ! beg9n+2 & ! ,book ( ,g5esis exhibits mank9d z comm5c+ ) a s+le pair1 & subsequ5tly z re-propagat$ ?r\gh a gr\p ( families1 all repres5t$ to u at _! comm5cem5t z monogam\s4 ,b if ?is highe/ te/imony is disc>d$1 & m5 gravely discuss :e!r or n !y comm5c$ ) a /ate ( promiscuity1 ! argum5t f tradition w g = z mu* z ! argum5t f ! analogy ( circum/ances & conditions z inf]r$ f ! exi/+ /ate ( savages1 s9ce ?is /ate1 f our po9t ( view1 mu/ h be5 ! result ( deg5]acy4#ajj #ajj ,burke 7,regicide ,peace17 says--,! practice ( divorce1 ?\gh 9 "s c\ntries p]mitt$1 has be5 disc\rag$ 9 all4 ,9 ! ,ea/ polygamy & divorce are 9 discr$it1 & ! mann]s correct ! laws4 ,i mu/1 moreov]1 cont5d t ! practice ( monogamy1 9 any "o case1 mu/ weigh = v mu* m ?an ! practice ( polygamy 9 t5 p>allel in/ances2 because ! natural deg5]acy & proclivity ( man 9 8 fall5 /ate is 9 ?is direction4 ,& also1 polygamy is mu* m naturally reg>d$ z ! dep>ture f monogamy1 ?an ! latt] z ! re/ra9t (1 or advance out (1 a /ate ( promiscuity4 ,x may fur!r1 ,i ?9k1 be ma9ta9$ t monogamy--9 ! way ( sep>ation ) a s+le woman by reason ( /rong love or pref]5ce--w\ld be ! m probable escape f ! /ate ( promiscuity ?an ?r\gh ! int]m$i>y & progressive /age ( polygamy4#aja #aja ,?is 0 writt5 be=e ! appe>ance ( ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock's *apt] on ,m>riage1 9 8 ,orig9 ( ,civilization1 to :i* ref]5ce is made at pp4 #ea1 #eb4 ,n[1 ,i ne$ sc>cely say1 t ! oppon5ts ( monogamy c %[ no in/ance ( an advance out ( ! /ate ( promiscuity ei!r to monogamy or polygamy4 ,b !y c po9t to c]ta9 communities 9 anci5t & mod]n times 9 a /ate ( polygamy4 ,ei!r1 !n1 !y mu/ h deg5]at$ into ?is /ate f ! primitive monogam\s family sy/em1 or !y mu/ h arriv$ at ! /age 9 gr[? & progress out ( a /ate ( promiscuity4 ,does tradition give any clue out ( ?is labyr9?8 ,to simplify ! "q1 ,i w cons5t to appeal to ! id5tical tradition to :i* ! advocates ( an orig9al promiscuity direct our att5tion4 ,mr ,j4 ,f4 ,m',l5nan1 :o1 9 8 ,primitive ,m>riage1 #ahfe 7vide supra71 app>5tly describes mank9d z orig9ally 9 a /ate ( promiscuity1 subsequ5tly limit$ by cu/oms ( tribal exogamy & endogamy1 9 a rec5t article 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review 7,oct4 #ahfi71 ,totems & ,totemism1 sees fur!r evid5ce ( 8 !ory 9 ! foll[+ traditions f ,san*onia?on3-- ,few traditions respect+ ! primitive condition ( mank9d are m rem>kable1 & p]haps none are m anci5t1 ?an ^? t h be5 pres]v$ by ,san*onia?o2 or r1 we %\ld say1 t are to be f\nd 9 ! fragm5ts ascrib$ to t writ] by ,eusebius4 ,!y pres5t u ) an outl9e ( ! e>li] /ages ( human progress 9 religi\s speculation1 :i* is %[n by ! results ( mod]n inquiry to be wond]fully correct4 ,!y tell u = in/ance t '! fir/ m5 consecrat$ ! plants %oot+ out ( ! e>?1 & judg$ !m gods1 & wor%ipp$ !m ^u :om !y !mselves liv$1 & all _! po/]ity1 & all be=e !m1 & to ^! !y made _! meat & dr9k (f]+s4'#ajb ,!y fur!r tell u t ! fir/ m5 believ$ ! heav5ly bodies to be animals1 only diff]5tly %ap$ & circum/anc$ f any on ! e>?4 ',!re 7 c]ta9 animals :i* _h no s5se1 out ( :i* 7 begott5 intellig5t animals 444 & !y 7 =m$ alike 9 ! %ape ( an egg4 ,?us %one out ,mt ! lum9\s vault ( heav581 ! sun & ! moon1 & ! less & ! great] />s4' ,next !y relate1 9 an acc\nt ( ! successive g5]ations ( m51 t 9 ! fir/ g5]ation ! way 0 f\nd out ( tak+ food f trees2 t1 9 ! second1 m51 hav+ suff]$ f dr\ghts1 began to wor%ip ! sun--! ,"l ( heav52 t 9 ! ?ird1 ,light1 ,fire1 & ,flame conceiv$ z p]sons1 7 begott52 t 9 ! f\r? giants appe>$2 :ile 9 ! fif?1 'm5 7 nam$ f _! mo!rs' because ( ! unc]ta9ty ( male p>5tage1 ?is g5]ation be+ di/+ui%$ also by ! introduction ( 'pill>' wor%ip4 ,x 0 n till ! twelf? g5]ation t ! gods appe>$ t figure mo/ 9 ! old my?ologies1 su* z ,kronos1 ,dagon1 ,zeus1 ,belus1 ,apollo1 & ,typhon2 & !n ! que5 ( !m all 0 ! ,bull-head$ ,a/>te4 ,! sum ( ! /atem5ts is1 t m5 fir/ wor%ipp$ plants2 next ! heav5ly bodies1 suppos$ to be animals2 !n 'pill>s2' 444 &1 la/ ( all1 ! an?ropomorphic gods4 ,n ! lea/ rem>kable /atem5t is1 t 9 primitive times !re 0 k9%ip ?r\gh mo!rs only1 ow+ to ! unc]ta9ty ( fa!rhood4#ajc #ajb ,a tradition ( ! con/ellations1 a pro( f tradition t !y 7 s nam$ 9 ! ante-diluvian p]iod4 #ajc ,san*onia?o's ,pho5ician ,hi/ory1 by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,r4 ,cumb]l&4 ,london1 #agbj1 pp4 #b1 #c1 #bc1 et seq4 ,eusebius1 ,prp>4 ,evangel4 lib4 i4 cap4 #aj4 ,! fragm5ts ( ,san*onia?on "h ref]r$ to are f\nd at e>li] date ?an ,eusebius1 hav+ be5 copi\sly extract$ by ,philo 7vide ,buns5's ,egypt74 ,san*onia?on 0 to ,pho5icia :at ,b]osus 0 to ,assyria2 t is to say1 ! e>lie/ po/-diluvian compil]s ( hi/ory :5 tradition 0 becom+ obscure4 ,let u scrut9ise 8 te/imony4 ,we are "h told t ! fir/ m5 consecrat$ ! plants %oot+ out ( ! e>?1 & judg$ !m gods4444 ,next !y relate1 9 an acc\nt ( ! successive g5]ations ( m51 t 9 ! fir/ g5]ation ! way 0 f\nd out ( tak+ food f trees4 ,"h1 ,i submit1 t we h pla9ly & unmi/akably a tradition ( t fir/ comm5cem5t ( evil1 ! fir/ man & woman pluck+ ! apple f ! tree1 ?9k+ !y w\ld become z gods 7,g54 iii4 #d1 #e71 444 & ! s]p5t said 444 = ,god do? "k t 9 :at day soev] y %all eat !re( 444 & y %all be z gods1 kn[+ good & evil4 ,!n foll[s ! succession ( ages 7vide infra1 *4 xiii471 ( :i* !re is a curi\s p>allel tradition 9 ,hesiod & ,apollodorus1 & p>tial correspond5ces 9 ! traditions ( ,india1 ,*9a1 & ,mexico 7infra1 *4 xiii474#ajd #ajd ,vide ,grote1 i4 ,x w be not$1 h[ev]1 t :il/ runn+ into ! tradition ( ,hesiod on ! "o side 79 ,hesiod & 9 ! ,*9ese tradition !re is trace ( a d\ble tradition1 ante & po/-diluvian71 ,san*onia?on /ill m closely runs 9 ) ! n>rative ( ,g5esis on ! o!r1 ?us connect+ ! l9ks ( ! *a9 ( tradition4#aje #aje ,?is *apt] 0 writt5 be=e ,i became acqua9t$ ) ,mr ,palm]'s ,*ronicles ( ,egypt 7vide *4 vi47 ,if ! read] w ref] to *ap4 i41 he w !re f9d a le>n$ & exhau/ive exposition ( ! ages ( ,san*onia?on1 id5tify+ !m ) ,scripture on ! "o side1 & ,egyptian tradition on ! o!r4 ,9 ! succession ( ages we h 9 outl9e ! hi/ory ( mank9d 9 ! ante-diluvian p]iod--! ,fall1 supra--foll[$ 9 ! succe$+ age by a great dr\ght--comp>e ?is tradition ) ! foll[+ passage 9 ,fran4 ,l5ormant's ,hi/oire ,anci5ne1 i4 p4 #e1 #b;d ed41 ,p>is #ahfh--;& :5 geology %[s u ! fir/ ante-diluvian m5 :o came into our "p ( ! _w1 liv+ 9 ! mid/ ( ice1 "u conditions ( climate analog\s to ^? "u :i* ! ,esquimaux live at ! pres5t day 444 "o is naturally br\ght to ! recollection ( t anci5t tradition ( ! ,p]sians1 fully con=mable to ! in=mation :i* ! ,bible supplies on ! subject ( ! fall ( man1 444 :i* ranks among ! fir/ ( ! *a/isem5ts :i* foll[$ ! fall1 along ) dea? & o!r calamities1 ! adv5t ( an int5se & p]man5t cold :i* man c\ld sc>cely endure1 & :i* r5d]$ ! e>? almo/ un9habitable4#ajf ,x is to ?is p]iod1 & ! %ort p]iod imm$iately foll[+ ! ,deluge 7vide *4 ii4 p4 #ba1 & infra1 pp4 #acf1 #acg71 t ,i am incl9$ to trace ! notions ( a primitive b>b>ism--comp>e1 = in/ance1 ! facts :i* ,goguet1 9 8 ,orig9 ( ,laws1 i4 p4 #gb1 adduces 9 pro( ( 8 progress f b>b>ism1 ) ! above tradition ( ! ,p]sians record$ by ,l5ormant4 #ajf ,is n ?is ! mean+ ( ! cxlvii4 psalm1 9 ! expression1 ante faciem frigoris ejus quis su/9ebit8 ,does n ! psalm rec\nt to ! ,jewi% p1 9 rapid allusions1 all t ,god _h done = !m1 9 contra/ to ! *a/isem5ts t _h befall5 o!r nations2 & if x is object$ t !re is no allusion to ! ,deluge1 unless 9 its indirect & b5eficial influ5ces1 9 ! words1 flavit spiritus ejus et flu5t aqu1 ,i reply t to ! survivors1 ! ,deluge1 reg>d$ l>gely1 & 9 its p]man5t effects1 0 no calamity1 b ! comm5cem5t ( a new & m fav\r$ era4 ,goguet says--,! ,egyptians1 ,p]sians1 ,pho5icians1 ,greeks1 & sev]al o!r nations 7vide 8 ref]5ces1 p4 #gb71 ackn[l$g$ t _! ance/ors 7 once )\t ! use ( fire4 ,! ,*9ese confess ! same ( _! prog5itors4444 ,pomponius1 ,mela1 ,pl9y1 ,plut>*1 & o!r anci5t au?ors speak ( nations1 :o1 at ! "t !y wrote1 knew n ! use ( fire1 or _h only j le>n$ x4 ,facts ( ! same k9d are atte/$ by sev]al mod]n relations4 ,let ?is latt] /atem5t be comp>$ ) infra1 pp4 #acf1 #acg 4 ,9 ! ?ird age we are told--,light1 ,fire1 & ,flame 7conceiv$ z p]sons7 7 begott51 :i* looks l a tradition ( ,vulcan1 ,tubalca91 c4 7vide *4 xii4 infra72 & 9 ! f\r?1 giants appe>$2 :ile 9 ! fif?1 ! corruption ( mank9d is indicat$1 z is decl>$ 9 ,g5esis vi4 #d3 ,n[ giants 7 ^u ! e>? 9 ^? days4 ,= aft] ! sons ( ,god w5t 9 to ! daught]s ( m5 & br\ght =? *ildr51 c41 v]4 #ab1 & :5 ,god _h se5 t ! e>? 0 corrupt$ 7= all fle% _h corrupt$ its way ^u ! e>?71 v]4 #ac1 ,he said to ,noe1 c4 ,x 0 n till ! twelf? g5]ation t ! gods appe>$ t figur$ mo/ 9 ! old my?ologies1 says ,mr ,m',l5nan1 quot+ ,san*onia?on1 or :at is believ$ to be 8 te/imony4 ,i tru/ t ?is fragm5t ( tradition may be rememb]$ 9 connection ) :at ,i h writt5 9 *apt]s viii41 ix41 x4 #ajg #ajg ,comp>e *4 xiii4 ,! successive ages ( ,hesiod1 m especially ! l9es describ+ ! iron age1 p>allel to ! tradition1 supra1 t 9 ! fif? age m5 7 nam$ f _! mo!rs4 ,no fa!rs 9 _! sons _! features trace1 ,! sons reflect no m _! fa!r's face2 ,! ho/ ) k9dness greets 8 gue/ no m1 ,& fri5ds & bre?r5 love n z ( yore4 --,,hesiod4 ,presid5t ,goguet 7,orig9 ( ,laws1 i4 #ba17 _h notic$ ! anci5t allusions to k9%ip ?r\gh mo!rs1 & 8 /atem5t t wom5 belong$ to ! man :o seiz$ !m fir/4444 ,! *ildr5 :o sprang f ?is irregul> int]c\rse sc>ce ev] knew :o 7 _! fa!rs4 ,!y knew only _! mo!rs1 = :i* reason !y always bore _! "n4 ,= ?is /atem5t he also quotes ,san*onia?on1 ap4 ,eus4 p4 #cd1 z 8 pr9cipal au?ority4 ,b ,san*onia?on's /atem5t1 z we h se51 ref]s to ! ante-diluvian p]iod1 9 :i* x is borne out by ,g5esis vi4 #d4 ,!re is "o fact adduc$ by ,goguet 7i4 #dc71 viz4 t ! ,assyrians _h an analog\s c]emony :i* mu/ be decisive = u1 ?\gh n1 p]haps1 = ,mr ,m',l5nan1 t ! cu/om ( seizure 0 ante-diluvian1 s9ce ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,assyrian mon>*y 9 ! times imm$iately foll[+ ! flood1 is "o ( ! be/ e/abli%$ f\ndations ( hi/ory4 ,vide ,g5esis & ,rawl9son4 ,?is race ( _m languag$ man4 ,to any "o :o rightly grasps ! be>+ ( ! argum5t1 ! apposit5ess ( ?is quotation w1 ,i ?9k1 be r /r5g!n$ ?an dim9i%$ by ! evid5ce t ! l9es ( ,hesiod pla9ly ref] to po/-diluvian times 7vide *4 xiii47 ,! sum ( ! /atem5ts !n1 s reg>d$1 is to confirm ! tradition ( ! human race z record$ 9 ,g5esis1 t !y sprang f ?ree bro!rs & _! ?ree wives1 =m+ ?ree monogam\s pairs :o accompani$ _! fa!r ,noah into ! ark1 ) 8 wife2 & :o aga9 7 m remotely desc5d$ f a s+le pair4 ,if1 !n1 9 ! two mo/ anci5t traditions ( :i* we h any record1 we f9d concordance on "s po9ts & div]g5ce on o!rs1 ! circum/ance ( id5tity at all is s mu* m />tl+ ?an ! occurr5ce ( discrepancy1 t x w fairly be tak5 to w>rant ! presumption ( a common orig92 & ?is con=mity w also be naturally claim$ 9 support ( our n>rative z aga9/ ! o!r on ! po9ts ( disagreem5t1 :i* w !n be set d[n to ! corruption ( t :i* is deem$ ! mo/ anci5t & au!ntic4 ,= ^?1 !re=e1 :o believe ! ,bible to be ! reveal$ ,^w ( ,god1 & ev5 = ^? :o reg>d x z ! mo/ anci5t record1 ! co9cid5ces ) ,san*onia?on w af=d a /rik+ te/imony2 :]eas ! co9cid5ce ( ! fif? age ( ,san*onia?on ) ,g5esis 7*ap4 vi4 #a1 #b1 #d7 & ! tradition ( ,hesiod1 mu/ be an emb>rassm5t to ^? :o seek 9 ?is tradition evid5ce t :at 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! fif? age1 0 true ( ! prec$+ & pri/9e ages4 ,to take a second in/ance1 m exactly 9 illu/ration ( ! quotation f ,f4 ,s*legel1 supra1 p4 #abd1 !re is no su* b>ri] to tradition 7reg>d$ retrospectively7 z ! notion1 if we accept x1 :i* crept ov] _m nations1 t !y 7 auto*?ones4 ,l ! s&-drifts kn[n to geologi/s z dunes1 su* notions1 if !y _h be5 receiv$ absolutely1 w\ld h involv$ all tradition 9 a g5]al ext9ction4 ,b z ! dunes1 :5 m9utely measur$ & submitt$ to calculation1 h af=d$ ! be/ evid5ce 9 fav\r ( :at may be call$ ! diluvian *ronology1 s w ?is notion t m5 sprang out ( ! soil 9 :i* !y dwelt1 :5 analys$1 contribute fre% evid5ce to ! tru? & p]si/5ce ( tradition4 ,b fir/ ( all1 w any "o />t ) ! !ory--t any nation t _h ?is notion ab\t itself--! ,greeks1 = in/ance1 7 really auto*?ones8 ,!re is1 !n1 simply a confusion ( ideas1 a difficulty :i* has to be unravell$2 b see+ t ! ,greeks notori\sly believ$ !mselves to be auto*?ones1 x becomes an ob/ruction 9 ! ma9 *annel ( tradition1 & x is especially incumb5t ^u u to consid] ! facts4 ,9 ! ,supplicants ( s*ylus--& ,i am n aw>e t ! notion crops up at e>li] date--,pelasgus is introduc$ z say+-- ,pelasgus bids y1 sov]eign ( ! l&1 ,my sire1 ,palc?on1 ( high ance/ry1 ,orig9al ) ?is e>?2 f me1 _! k+1 ,! p take _! "n1 & boa/ !mselves ,pelasgians4 --v4 #bge4 ,"h ! high desc5t1 & ! orig9 f ! soil1 ! ance/ry ref]r$ to 9 ! same brea? ) ! allusion to 8 sire1 orig9al ) ?is e>?1 /rikes "o z incongru\s4 ,& ! incongruity appe>s /ill great] :5 we recollect t ,pelasgus is ! p]son :om all hi/orical evid5ce proves to h be5 ! fir/ settl] 9 ! c\ntry2 x be+ also borne 9 m9d t ! t]m auto*?ones1 :e!r 9 a prim>y or a second>y s5se1 is always appli$ to ! suppos$ aborig9als ( ! c\ntry1 & !re=e excludes ! hypo!sis ( any m primitive colonisation4#ajh #ajh ,! ,pho5ician cosmogony seems to me to cl9* ! argum5t4 ,!re 7vide ,buns51 ,egypt1 iv4 #bcd71 ,! son ( ,eliun is call$ by ,philo1 ,epigeios or autokh?on1 '! e>?-born1' primeval inhabitant4 ,by ! latt] ( ^! expressions we h no d\bt t ,adam-,tadmon 7'! ,kadmos ( ! ,greeks1' p4 #aie71 ! fir/ man1 ! man ( ,god1 is impli$ 7,eliun1 i4e4 ,helyun1 ,god ! ,mo/ ,high1 p4 #bcb74 ,!re is an analogy 9 _! confus$ tradition ( ! creation4 ,eudemus says1 accord+ to ! ,pho5ician my?ology1 :i* 0 inv5t$ by ,mkhos1 ! fir/ pr9ciple 0 !r & air2 f ^! two beg9n+s sprang ,ulmos 7! et]nal71 ! rational 7consci\s7 ,god 7,buns51 iv4 #agi74 ,buns51 7#agh7 adds1 z reg>ds ,mkhos ! ?+ is cle> en\gh2 ! old mat]iali/ic philosoph] is matt]1 & t 9 ! s5se ( primeval slime4 ,:5ce x has be5 sugge/$ t we d]ive our ^w ,muck1 ,mkh1 or ,mkhos4 ,?is beg9n+ ,buns5 consid]s 7p4 #agi7 a philosophis+ amplification ( ! simply sublime words ( ,g5esis3 ',! e>? 0 )\t =m1 & void1 & d>kness 0 ov] ! face ( ! wat]s4' ,"h we see ! human reason hamp]$ by ! tradition t confus$ matt] or *aos 0 someh[ at ! comm5cem5t1 & ) ! conflict+ tradition & conclusion ( ! intellect t x 01 & mu/ h be51 creat$ by a p[] sup]ior to matt] 7,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ heav5 & e>?71 emancipat+ itself1 s f> z to id5tify ! ,creator ) ! !r & air1 z ne>] ! conception ( a pure ,_s1 & p]sonify+ matt]1 & s %unt+ x aside z ! inv5tor ( ! my?ology4 ,b if we reg>d x z a corruption ( ! tradition t man 0 creat$ out ( ! e>? 7= du/ ?\ art1 & unto du/ ?\ %alt return1 ,g5esis iii4 #ai71 does n ?is solve all difficulties8 ,! ext5sion ( ! k t !y 7 creat$ out ( ! e>?1 to ! notion t !y 7 creat$ out ( ?is or t p>ticul> clay1 is n viol5t4 ,is x n ?is same s*ylus#aji :o has ! allusion to ! e>? dr9k+ ! blood ( ! two rival bro!rs1 ! "o sla9 by ! o!r4 ,x w be se5 at p4 #age1 t ! ,mexicans believ$ t ! fir/ race ( m5 7 creat$ out ( ! e>?1 & ! ?ird out ( a tree1 a rem9isc5ce ( ! creation1 & ( ! fall1 ! int]m$iate ev5t be+ probably ! creation ( ,eve4 ,9 l mann]1 ! ,r$ ,indians h a tradition t !y 7 creat$ out ( ! r$ clay by ! ,great ,_s2 & to g to ano!r "p ( ! _w1 ! suppos$ aborig9al tribes ( ,*9a 7 call$ ,miautze1 or soil *ildr54#aaj #aji ,vide ,de ,mai/re 7*4 xii47 #aaj ,max ,mll]1 ,*ips1 c41 ii4 #bgd4 ,! ,titans 7 also said to be e>?-born4 ,bryant 7iii4 #dde7 says ,b]osus gives ! foll[+ tradition ( ! ,creation4 ,belus aft] deification be+ conf\nd$ ) ! ,creator1 z we h se5 ,prome!us1 id4 #ajd--;,belus1 ! deity above m5tion$1 cut (f 8 own head1 ^u :i* ! o!r gods mix$ ! blood z x gu%$ out ) ! e>?1 & f !nce m5 7 =m$4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is t !y are rational & p>take ( div9e k4 ,?is ,belus1 :om m5 call$ ,dis1 divid$ ! d>kness & sep>at$ ! heav5s f ! e>?1 c4 ,?is te/imony mu/ be connect$ ) ! phrase s />tl+ 9 ! sev5? ode ( ! f\r? book ( ,horace1 pulvis et umbra sumus1 & ) ! text 9 ,g5esis iii4 #ai1 = du/ ?\ art4#aaa ,x may possibly be said t ?is is m]ely matt] ( e day's exp]i5ce4 ,b x is precisely at ?is po9t t we mu/ ask ^? :o dispute tradition to disc>d tradition4 ,d bodies--s f> z ! ext]ior s5ses tell u--return to du/1 or to o!r =ms ( life8 ,if x is true t we return to du/--,scripture ap>t--x is tradition & n exp]i5ce :i* atte/s x1 & yet s common is ! belief1 t x might readily pass z ! result ( common obs]vation4 #aaa ,comp>e ,cic]o1 ,de ,legibus1 i4 #h3 ,e/ igitur hom9i cum deo similitudo2 & ) ,g54 ii4 #bf1 #bg3 & ,god creat$ man 9 8 own lik5ess4 ,s g5]al a tradition t man 0 creat$1 & creat$ out ( ! gr\nd1#aab is s completely 9 accordance ) ! text ( ,g5esis1 t "o c h>dly see :at m c be dem&$2 yet ,catl9 says#aac--,?\gh !re is n a tribe 9 ,am]ica b :at has "s !ory ( man's creation1 !re is n "o among/ !m all t be>s ! slighte/ resemblance to ! ,mosaic acc\nt4 ,catl9 in/ances ! traditions ( ! ,m&ans1 ,*octaws1 & ! ,si\x--#a/1 ,! ,m&ans 7:o h ! c]emony commemorative ( ! ,deluge ref]r$ to1 *4 xi471 believe t !y 7 creat$ "u ! gr\nd4 #b;d1 ,! ,*octaws ass]t t !y 7 creat$ crawfi%1 liv+ alt]nately "u ! gr\nd & above x z !y *ose2 &1 creep+ out at _! little holes 9 ! e>? to get ! w>m? ( ! sun "o sunny day1 a portion ( ! tribe 0 driv5 away & c\ld n return2 !y built ! ,*octaw village1 & ! rema9d] ( ! tribe are /ill liv+ "u ! gr\nd4 ,! ,iroquois1 h[ev]1 believe t !y came out ( ! gr\nd1 :i* is id5tical ) ! ,greek notion ( _! be+ auto*?ones 7vide ,cold51 ii4 #ajc71 :]e "o ( _! *iefs speaks ?us--,= we mu/ tell y t long be=e "o hundr$ ye>s our ance/ors came out ( ?is v gr\nd4444 ,y came out ( ! gr\nd 9 a c\ntry t lies beyond ! seas4 ,n[1 ev5 if we cons5t to deta* ! ,iroquois tradition1 !re is /ill 9 bo? ! ,m&an & ,*octaw tradition1 a common idea ( _! hav+ come f "u ! gr\nd1 :i* seems to me ! tradition t !y 7 creat$ out ( ! gr\nd at "o remove4 ,to ?is x w\ld seem ! ,*octaws h sup]-add$ _! recollection ( "s incid5t ( _! tribe1 possibly t !y 7 an (f%oot ( ! ,esquimaux1 or 7 at "o p]iod 9 _! latitude & liv$ _! life1 :i* w\ld be 9 accordance ) ! !ory ( _! migrations f ,asia by ,behr+'s ,/raits4 #c;d1 ,ab\t ! ,si\x1 ! ?ird in/ance ( contr>iety adduc$ by ,catl91 x seems to me t !re is no room = argum5t1 ! ,si\x hav+ ! tradition ref]r$ to above1 t ! ,great ,_s told !m t ,! r$ /one 0 _! fle%4 ,to ^! ?ree in/ances ,mr ,catl9 adds--,o!r tribes 7 creat$ "u ! wat]1 & at lea/ "o half ( ! tribes 9 ,am]ica repres5t t man 0 creat$ "u ! gr\nd or 9 ! rocky cav]ns ( ! m\nta9s4 ,:y ?is div]sity ( !ories ( ! ,creation if ^! p br\ght _! traditions ( ! ,deluge f ! l& ( inspiration8#aad #aab ,! ,*9ese cosmogony speaks z foll[s ( ! creation ( man--',god took "s yell[ e>?1 & ,he made man en deux sexes4' ,?is is ! true orig9 ( ! human race4 ,a ,hebrew tradition says t x 0 ( ! r$ e>?1 :i* is ! same idea4 ,! ,hebrew ^w ,adam expresses ?is idea4 ,?is correspond5ce z to ! mann] 9 :i* ! body ( ! fir/ man 0 =m$1 betwe5 two p :o h nev] _h relations1 is v rem>kable4 ,indian & ,african cosmogonies relate t ! "n ( ! fir/ man 0 ',adimo1' t ( 8 wife ',hava1' & t !y 7 ! la/ "w ( ! ,creator4--,ga9et1 ,la ,bible sans la ,bible1 i4 p4 #gd4 ,i mu/ note1 too1 ! id5tity ( ! ,am]ican ,indian 7supra7 & ! ,hebrew tradition1 :i* is curi\s1 z x might naturally be suppos$ t ! tradition ( ! ,r$ ,indian took its col\r f 8 own complexion4 ,max ,mll] 7,lect4 on ! ,sci5ce ( ,language1 #a/ s]ies1 p4 #cfg7 says ( man--,! ,lat9 ^w homo1 ! ,fr5* l'homme1 444 is d]iv$ f ! same root1 :i* we h 9 humus1 soil1 humilis1 humble4 ,homo1 !re=e1 w\ld express ! idea ( be+ made out ( ! du/ ( ! e>?4 ,buns5 also 7,phil4 ,univ4 ,hi/4 i4 #gh7 says--,! common ^w = man 9 all ,g]man dialects is 'manna1' conta9+ ! same root z ,sanscrit 'manu%a' & 'manue%ya4' ,! ,lat9 'homo' is intimately connect$ ) 'humus' & ,greek3 *amai & means e>?-born2 ,greek3 an?rpn *amaig5en1 says ,p9d>4 ,b :at is ,greek3 an?rpos8 #aac ,la/ ,rambles1 p4 #cbd4 #aad ,! foll[+ tradition ( ! ,t>t> tribes seems to supply a l9k4 ,9 _! tradition ( ! ,deluge 7vide ,ga9et1 i4 #bji7 x is said1 t ^? :o sav$ !mselves f ! ,deluge %ut !mselves up ) _! provisions 9 ! crevices ( m\nta9s1 & t aft] ! sc\rge _h pass$ !y came out ( _! cav]ns4 ,& comp>e1 aga91 ) ! tradition ( ,kronos 7,noah1 vide ,bryant's ,my?ology1 iii4 #ejc7--;,he is said to h _h ?ree sons 7,san*4 ap4 ,euseb4 ,p4 ,e41 lib4 i4 c4 #aj1 #cg71 & 9 a "t ( dang] he =m$ a l>ge cav]n 9 ! ocean1 & 9 ?is he %ut himself up1 toge!r ) ^! sons1 & ?us escap$ ! dang]4--,porph4 de ,nymph>4 ,antro41 p4 #aji4 ,bryant 7,my?ology1 iii4 #dje7 says--,i h %[n t ,gaia1 9 its orig9al s5se1 signifi$ a sacr$ cav]n1 a holl[ 9 ! e>?1 :i*1 f its gloom1 0 look$ ^u z an emblem ( ! ark4 ,h5ce ,gaia1 l ,ha/a ,rhoia ,cybele1 is (t5 repres5t$ z ! "m ( mank9d4 ,! foll[+ is v important ) ref]5ce to my argum5t above3--,! ,s*olia/ ^u ,euripides says--,greek3 ,meta ton kataklysmon en ores9 oik\ntn tn ,argein prtos aut\s synkis5 ,ina*os4 ,:5 ! ,argivi or ,arkites1 aft] ! ,deluge1 liv$ disp]s$ on ! m\nta9s1 ,ina*us fir/ br\ght !m toge!r & =m$ !m into communities4--,comp4 infra1 p4 #aeg1 #aeh1 #aic1 #ccb4 ,! in/ances adduc$ ( my?s connect+ man ) ! monkey are1 z a rule1 traditions ( deg5]acy1 i4e4 ( m5 turn$ into monkeys 7vide ,tylor's ,primitive ,culture1 i4 #cdj71 & to :i* ,i w\ld add ! rabb9ical tradition ( m5 turn$ into monkeys at ! ,t[] ( ,babel 7,de ,qu9cey1 ,works1 xiii4 #bce71 & ! classical epic ( ! ,c]opes1 f\nd$ on ! trans=mation ( a set ( juggl]s into monkeys4 ,b if comp>$ ) ! above tradition1 ,i ?9k t ! only two in/ances 7,tylor1 i4 #cda7 :i* seem to be> out ! opposite !ory w we> a diff]5t aspect4 ,i quote f ,tylor z above--,wild tribes ( ! ,malay p59sula1 look$ d[n ^u z l[] animals by ! m w>like & civilis$ ,malays1 h among !m traditions ( _! own desc5t f a pair ( ! unka-put* or :ite monkeys1 :o re>$ _! "y ones & s5t !m into ! pla9s1 & !re !y p]fect$ s well t !y & _! desc5dants became m51 b ^? :o return$ to ! m\nta9s /ill rema9$ apes4 ,! ,buddhi/ leg5d relates ! orig9 ( ! flat-nos$ unc\? tribes ( ,tibet1 (fspr+ ( two miracul\s apes1 trans=m$ to p ! sn[-k+dom4 ,taught to till ! gr\nd1 :5 !y _h gr[n corn & eat5 x1 _! tails & hair gradually disappe>$1 !y began to speak1 became m51 & clo!d !mselves ) leaves4 ,! population grew clos]1 ! l& 0 m & m cultivat$1 & at la/ a pr9ce ( ! race ( ,sakya1 driv5 f 8 home 9 ,india1 unit$ _! isolat$ tribes into a s+le k+dom4--,comp4 ,cecrops1 c41 p4 #ccb1 infra4 ,n[1 j z ! tribes :o said !y 7 creat$ "u ! gr\nd impli$ ! same tradition z ^? :o said !y 7 creat$ out ( ! gr\nd1 s1 too1 ! tribes :o said !y 7 creat$ "u ! wat] probably held ! tradition t ! creation ( ! race prec$$ ! ,deluge4 ,! tradition :i* connects ! creation ) ! rocky cav]ns ( ! m\nta9s is m recondite--may x possibly be a recollection ( ! comm5cem5t ( civil life aft] ! ,deluge1 :5 ,noah l$ !m1 accord+ to tradition1 f ! m\nta9s to ! pla9s8 ,m4 ,l',abb ,ga9et says 7i4 #agf7--,! ,"l repeat$ f\r times ! promise t ,he w\ld n s5d ano!r deluge4444 ,! *ildr5 ( ,noah 7 long sc>$ by ! recollection ( ! dreadful calamity4444 ,x is probable t !y did n decide ^u leav+ ! 'plateaux' ( ! m\nta9s till q late4 ,moreov]1 cav]ns h be5 f\nd 9 ! m\nta9s ( ! ,himalaya1 & 9 _m o!r elevat$ regions ( ,asia1 :i* !y suppose to h be5 =m$ by ! fir/ g5]ations ( man aft] ! ,deluge4 ,! works ( ! le>n$ ,m4 de ,p>avey make frequ5t m5tion ( !m4 ,?is tradition is support$ by ! l9es ( ,virgil ref]r+ to ,saturn 7vide infra1 p4 #baj74 ,is g5us indocile1 ac disp]sum montibus altis ,composuit2 legesque d$it4--n4 viii4 #cae4 ,i give ^! sugge/ions = :at !y may be wor?4#aae ,truly1 :]e "s see no?+ b h>mony1 o!rs see no?+ b div]sity4 ,only to put x to a fair te/1 ,i %\ld l to see ,mr ,catl9 or "s "o else gr\p ^! v>i\s traditions r\nd any "o tradition :i* !y believe to be at v>iance ) ! revelation ( ,g5esis1 & :i*1 at ! same "t1 !y happ5 to consid] to be ! true "o4 ,x mu/ be conc$$ t 9 "o way ! facts accord ) ,mr ,catl9's !ory--contradict$1 h[ev]1 by o!r evid5ce 7infra1 *4 xi47--t ! ,indians 7 creat$ on ! ,am]ican cont95t4 ,b ^u any !ory t !y 7 n creat$ at all1 b exi/$ always 9 pan!i/ic trans=mation1 or _h progress$ f ! monkey1 or _h be5 develop$ 9 evolution f "s protoplasm1 is n ! tradition incongru\s & inexplicable8 #aae ,x occurs to me z possible t ^! v>i\s traditions may h _h _! f\ndation 9 ! recollection ( h>d%ip1 at "s e>ly p]iod ( _! subsequ5t migration1 :i* 7 transf]r$ back & connect$ ) _! tradition ( ! alt]$ /ate ( ?+s aft] ! ,deluge1 aris+ out ( ! sub/itution ( animal = vegetable food--( :i* ! notion t man once liv$ on acorns may h be5 only an extreme =m ( expression4 ,! foll[+ tradition ( ,saturn 7vide infra1 ,saturn1 p4 #baj71 seems to t5d 9 ?is direction3 ,diodorus ,siculus gives ! same hi/ory ( ,saturn z is by ,plut>* above giv5 ( ,janus--,greek3 ex agri\ diaits eis m]on ,bion met>sa an?rp\s4--,diodorus1 #a4 #e1 p4 #ccd4 ,he br\ght mank9d f _! f\l & savage way ( fe$+ to a m mild & rational diet4--,bryant1 ii4 #bfa4 ,to take ano!r in/ance4 ,! ,h9doos _h a fanciful notion t ! _w 0 support$ by an elephant1 & ! elephant by a tortoise4 ,no?+ c be imag9$ m incongru\s & grotesque4 ,yet ,dr ,falcon] has rec5tly discov]$1 9 8 explorations 9 ,india1 a fossil tortoise adequate to ! support ( an elephant4 ,! incongruity !n ( ! tradition disappe>s2 its grotesqu5ess rema9s4 ,i _c help ?9k+1 h[ev]1 t x may h be5 ! embodim5t 9 symbol1 or else ! sy/ematisation ( ! confus$ m$ley ( _! tradition ( ! ord]1 i4e4 ( ! sequ5ce ( days ( ! creation 7vide ,app5dix to ?is *apt]74#aaf #aaf ,?is fable ( ! tortoise is also among ! ,m&ans1 :om1 ,catl9 7supra1 #ace7 says1 _h no o!r tradition ( ! ,creation ?an t !y 7 creat$ "u ! gr\nd4 ,_! tradition is confus$ ) ! ,deluge1 :i* dom9ates 9 _! tradition4 ,! ,m&ans believ$ t ! e>? re/s on f\r tortoises4 ,!y say t ea* tortoise ra9$ t5 days1 mak+ =ty days 9 all1 & ! wat]s cov]$ ! e>? 7vide ,o-kea-pa1 p4 #ci1 infra1 *4 xi47 ,does n ?is tradition ( ! tortoise decide ! ,ori5tal orig9 ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,m&ans8 ,falcon]'s ,palontological ,mem41 #ahfh1 i4 #big1 ii4 #cgg-egc1 c41 ,z ! pt]odactyle m ?an realis$ ! mo/ extravagant idea ( ! w+$ dragon1 s does ?is huge tortoise come up to ! l(ty conceptions ( ,h9doo my?ology2 & c\ld we b recall ! mon/]s to life1 x 7 n difficult to imag9e an elephant support$ on its back7i4 #bg74 ,! ,new ,zeal&]s h a curi\s tradition ( _! ance/ors hav+ enc\nt]$ a gigantic saurian species ( reptile1 :i* mu/ h be5 be=e !y arriv$ 9 ,new ,zeal&4 ,vide ,%ortl&'s ,traditions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #gc4 ,i h allud$1 p4 #aii1 to ! tradition pres]v$ by ,b]osus1 t ,oannes1 :om ,i id5tify ) ,noah1 left writ+s ^u ! orig9 ( ! _w1 9 :i* he says1 t !re 0 a "t :5 all 0 d>kness & wat]1 & t ?is d>kness & wat] conta9$ mon/r\s animals4 ,"h1 p]haps1 two di/9ct traditions are confus$2 b is n ! tradition ( animals s mu* out ( ! ord9>y nature ( ?+s z to be call$ mon/r\s suffici5tly m>k$ to make u ask if ! discov]y ( ! skeleton ( ! mega!rium ought to h come ^u ! sci5tific _w z a surprise8 ,might !y n h anticipat$ ! discov]y if !y _h duly tru/$ tradition8 ,o!r in/ances might d\btless be adduc$4 ,my pres5t object is m]ely to sugge/ t !re may be tru?s 9 tradition n dreamt ( by mod]n philosophy4 ,if ! human intellect 7 z capaci\s z x is acute1 we might !n li/5 ) great] submission to its /rictures ^u tradition2 because !n we might at lea/ believe t its vision ext5d$ to all ! facts4 ,b 9 tru?1 no intellect1 h[ev] encyclopdic1 c grasp !m all4 ,inde$1 k 9 _m dep>tm5ts is becom+ m & m ! tradition ( exp]ts1 & mu/ be tak5 by ! outside _w on fai?4 ,h[ _m facts1 aga91 once 9 tradition1 b at "s p]iod put on record1 lie z deeply %r\d$ 9 ! du/ ( libr>ies z !y _h previ\sly la9 hidd5 9 ! dep?s ( ages8 ,:o w say :at facts are traditional 9 diff]5t localities8 ,b>ely d we move f place to place )\t elicit+ "s in=mation /range & new4 ,:o aga9 w say :at ideas are traditional 9 diff]5t m9ds8 ,b>ely is !re a discussion :i* provokes traditional lore or traditional s5tim5t :i* does n br+ to light "s su* ?\ght or exp]i5ce1 re-appe>+1 l ! l9es 9 family feature1 aft] ! lapse ( sev]al g5]ations4 ,:5ev]1 !n1 mank9d is call$ ^u to disc>d its traditions at ! voice ( any intellect1 h[ev] p[]ful1 is x unreasonable to dem& t "s cognizance %\ld be tak5 ( ^! facts4#aag #aag ,i h else:]e 7vide *4 iv41 et seq41 x41 xi47 trac$ ! tradition ( ! ,deluge1 ( ! *ronology ( ! _w1 c41 c4 ,let u n[1 return+ to ! tradition we h m especially 9 view1 ask ?is fur!r "q1--,:at c\ld ! human intellect h done t[>ds ! reg5]ation ( ! race if !re _h be5 no revelation & no tradition8 ,x is n (t5 t unbelief is con/ructive & supplies u ) ! necess>y data ) :i* to furni% ! answ]4 ,b rec5tly a "w :i* is said to embody consid]able le>n+ has appe>$1 entitl$1 ,! ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,religi\s ,belief1 :i* is writt5 f a philosophic & n f a religi\s po9t ( view2 9 :i* ! exi/5ce ( a ,god is n assum$1 ! tru? ( revelation is n assum$1 & ! ,bible is quot$ n z an au?oritative1 b z an hi/orical record op5 to criticism4--,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld1 ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,religi\s ,belief1 preface1 #ahfi4 ,"h !n1 if any:]e1 we are likely to get ! solution f ! po9t ( view ( unbelief4 ,at p4 #aai1 ,mr ,b4 ,g\ld ?us summ>ises 8 views3-- ,religion1 z has be5 already %[n1 is ! syn!sis ( ?\ght & s5tim5t4 ,x is ! repres5tation ( a philosophic idea4 ,x always reposes on "s hypo!sis4 ,at fir/ x is full ( vig\r1 con/antly on ! al]t to w9 conv]ts4 ,!n ! hypo!sis is acquiesc$ 91 x is receiv$ z f9al1 its significance evaporates4 ,! prie/s ( anci5t times 7 also philosoph]s1 b n be+ able always to pres]ve _! intellectual sup]iority1 _! doctr9es became void ( mean+1 hi]oglyphs ( :i* !y _h lo/ ! key2 & !n speculation ate its way out ( religion1 & left x an empty %ell ( ritual obs]vance1 void ( vital pr9ciple4 ,philosophy alone is n religion1 nor is s5tim5t alone religion2 b religion is t :i*1 bas$ on an intellig5t pr9ciple1 tea*es t pr9ciple z dogma1 exhibits x 9 wor%ip1 & applies x 9 discipl9e4 ,dogma wor%ip & discipl9e are ! con/itu5ts1 s to speak1 ! m9d _s1 & body ( religion4--,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,religi\s ,belief4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+ ,g\ld1 ,m4,a4 ,riv+tons1 #ahfi4 ,"p i41 p4 #aai4 ,"h x is said t religion is ! repres5tative ( a philosophic idea4 ,x always reposes on "s hypo!sis4 ,?is philosophic idea may be t !re mu/ necess>ily be a ,creator4 ,b also x may n be1 = ! exi/5ce ( ,god is n assum$ 7vide preface74 ,if x is n1 !n1 accord+ to ?is def9ition1 religion may be ! repres5tative ( any philosophic idea 7i4e4 any idea ( any philosoph]71 ev5 t :i* may be diametrically oppos$ to ! exi/5ce & goodness ( ,god4#aah ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! exi/5ce ( ,god is ?is prim>y philosophic idea1 !n all o!r philosophic ideas mu/ succumb to x4 ,x is a po9t :i* y mu/ settle at />t+ 9 y\r def9ition ( religion4 #aah ,devil-wor%ip is bas$ ^u ! hypo!sis t ! evil _s exi/s1 & is ! influ5ce f :i* man has mo/ to dread4 ,prud5ce sugge/s t x is wise to propitiate evil :5 x is p[]ful2 & if ! exi/5ce ( ,god is n assum$1 or ! conception ( ,god n yet develop$1 x is h>d to see h[ ! conclusion c be impugn$2 & 7vide next page7 ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld endorses ,grimm's op9ion t man's fir/ idea ( ,god is ! idea ( a devil4 ,:at foll[s seems to assume t "s individual1 or "s set ( individuals1 at a p]iod m or less remote1 evolv$ ! idea ( ,god & religion out ( _! own consci\sness2 b t1 z ! desc5dants ( ^! individuals _h n ! same intellectual vig\r1 ! conception laps$1--_! doctr9es became hi]oglyphs ( :i* !y _h lo/ ! key4 ,no?+ c be m con=mable to ! !ory ( tradition2#aai b f ! po9t ( view ( ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld1 :at 0 to =bid o!r individuals broa*+ fre% conceptions8 ,is !re1 h[ev]1 any in/ance kn[n to u8 ,is !re any in/ance ( a religion n eclectic or pan!i/ic 7! "o be+ ! m]e revivalism or recon/ruction ( ! elem5ts ( =m] beliefs1 & ! o!r _! absorption71 any religion bas$ on an intelligible pr9ciple1 h]et(ore unkn[n to mank9d1 ris+ up & obta9+ ev5 a tempor>y asc5dancy among mank9d8 ,no2 mank9d1 ev5 9 ! d>kness ( ,paganism1 p]si/5tly di/+ui%$ betwe5 religion & philosophy1 prie/s & sophi/s--?\gh intellectually s mu* alike--& ?is ,i consid] to be a ma/]-key to ! hi/ory ( ! pa/ 7ante1 p4 #aji74 #aai ,! mo/ fav\rable review ( ,mr ,b4 ,g\ld's "w :i* ,i h se5 says3--,9 trac+ ! orig9 & developm5t ( religi\s belief1 ! object ( ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld is to e/abli% ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e on ! nature1 ! intuitions1 & ! reason ( man1 r ?an ^u tradition>y dogmas1 hi/orical docum5ts1 or writt5 inspirations4 ,he is ( op9ion t ! elem5ts ( true religion are to be f\nd 9 a revelation naturally impress$ ^u ! s\l ( man1 & t ! inve/igation ( man's moral nature w be f\nd to disclose ! sure/ pro(s ( 8 religi\s wants & de/9ation4 ,! au?or holds t if !ological doctr9es c be inculcat$ by demon/rative evid5ce ( _! h>mony ) man's intellectual & moral con/itution1 !y w be receiv$ ) m p]fect acquiesc5ce & conviction ?an :5 appeals are made simply to man's v5]ation = antiquity & au?ority4 ,i ?9k ,i am1 at any rate1 "r 9 tak+ ,mr ,b4 ,g4's z ! view mo/ directly oppos$ to tradition1 & x is f ?is po9t ( view t ,i am br\ght into collision ) him4 ,!re is a fur!r po9t :i* ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld mu/ settle4 ,religion may be !oretically reg>d$ z an affair ( gr[?1 progressive1 or z an affair ( revelation1 or some?+ s ne>ly c\nt]feit+ revelation z to arise spontane\sly2 b x _c well be bo?4 ,n[1 9 ! pages ( ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld x appe>s at "o "t spr++ into life 7p4 #aji71 &1 z 9 ! passage above1 analog\sly to a conception 9 ! m9d3--,at fir/ x is full ( vig\r1 con/antly on ! al]t to w9 conv]ts2 at ano!r1 z a conception sl[ly evolv$2 !n all at once a liv+ belief1 vividly lum9\s 7p4 #aji74 ,aga9 7p4 #aaj71 ,religion does n rea* p]fection ( developm5t at a b\nd2 g5]ations pass away1 be=e1 c42 & 7p4 #cbi7 we f9d t 9 all primitive religions ! idea ( ,god is ! idea ( a devil1 or 7id47 t ! fir/ /age 9 ! conception ( a devil is ! attribution ( evil to ,god1 :i* is diff]5t1 inasmu* z x supposes man to />t ) ! k ( ,god1 & is1 moreov]1 inconsi/5t ) :at is said at page #aac3--,! %apeless religion ( a primitive p gradually assumes a def9ite =m4 ,x is t ( nature wor%ip4 ,x progresses ?r\gh poly!ism & idolatry1 & em]ges into mono!ism or pan!ism4 ,( c\rse ?is is said ^u ! assumption t ! primitive man 0 b>b>\s4 ,b h[ev] remote f ! fact1 x is !oretically z conceivable t man %\ld wor%ip nature z an ideal ( beauty & p[]1 z t he %\ld reg>d x f ! fir/ z an app>ition ( t]ror2 or1 9 o!r words1 t tak+ nature-wor%ip = grant$1 ,mr ,max ,mll]'s view ( x1 viz43--,he beg9s to lift up 8 eyes1 he />es at ! t5t ( heav51 & asks :o supports x8 ,he op5s 8 eyes to ! w9ds1 & asks !m :5ce & :i!r8 ,he is awak5$ f d>kness & slumb] by ! light ( ! sun1 & ,him :om 8 eyes _c behold1 & :o seems to grant him ! daily pittance ( 8 exi/5ce1 he calls '8 life1 8 brea?1 8 brilliant ,"l & ,protector' 7,*ips1 i4 #fi1 apud ,b4 ,g41 #aci71--;is z likely to be ! true "o z ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld's1#abj viz43--,at fir/ man is 444 anti!i/2 b pres5tly he feels resi/ances4444 ,! convulsions ( nature1 ! /orm1 ! ?und]1 ! explod+ volcano1 ! rag+ seas1 fill him ) a s5se ( !re be+ a p[] sup]ior to 8 own1 be=e :i* he mu/ b[4 ,8 religi\s ?\ght1 vague & undet]m9$1 is r\s$ by ! opposition ( nature to 8 w 7p4 #acg74 #abj ,vide1 h[ev]1 ,dr ,newman's ,gramm> ( ,ass5t1 p4 #chf1 et seq4 ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld po/ulates1 ,i am aw>e1 ! lapse ( sev]al g5]ations = ! evolution ( ^! ideas4 ,b !re is no?+ 9 ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld's /atem5t ( ! progression or developm5t ( ! conception ( ! ,deity among mank9d :i* might n pass 9 rapid sequ5ce ?r\gh ! m9d ( ! primitive man1--call him ,areios1 if y %r9k f close contact ) hi/ory1 & refuse to call him ,adam4 ,:y !n ! indef9ite lapse ( "t8 :y ! progressive advance ( ! idea ?r\gh successive g5]ations ( mank9d8 ,:y1 except t ! primitive b>b>ism mu/ be assum$2 & because 7p4 #bci71 9 ! exam9ation ( ! spr+s ( religi\s ?\ght1 we h to return aga9 & aga9 to ! wild bog ( savageism 9 :i* !y bubble up4 ,b if ! savag]y 0 s great1 ! p]plexity h[ man ev] came to make ! fir/ /ep 9 ! induction is mu* great] ?an t1 hav+ made x1 he %\ld proce$ on to make ! la/4 ,x is c]ta9 t reason c prove ! exi/5ce ( ,god & ,8 goodness1 & ?is k evokes ! in/9cts ( love & wor%ip4 ,x is true also t man has a consci5ce ( "r & wrong1 & t among its dictates is a s5se ( ! obligation ( love & wor%ip4 ,/ill ?is w n acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( religion 9 ! _w4 ,mu* less w ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld's !ory ( an induction by mank9d collectively1 spread ov] sev]al c5turies1 acc\nt ei!r = ! notion or = ! in/itution4 ,nei!r1 ap>t f direct or indirect revelation1 w\ld x prove m ?an t man 0 religi\s1 ?\gh )\t religion2 capable ( arriv+ at ! k ( ,god's exi/5ce1 b )\t any k h[ to propitiate him2 seek+ ,god1 b n able to f9d ,him4 ,!re=e1 ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld truly says--,philosophy alone is n religion4 ,philosophy1 z we h se51 may prove ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,b religion1 f ! comm5cem5t ( ! _w1 has convey$ ! idea t !re is a p>ticul> mode 9 :i* ,god mu/ be wor%ipp$4 ,"h philosophy is entirely at fault4 ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld aga9 truly says t dogma1 wor%ip1 & discipl9e are ! con/itu5ts1 s to speak1 ! m9d1 _s1 & body ( religion 7p4 #aai74 ,b he goes no fur!r1 & does n expla9 h[ x came ab\t t mank9d 9 all ages h adh]$ ) s+ul> p]t9acity to ! notion t religion c\ld tea* t on :i* philosophy mu/ p]=ce be sil5t4 ,has n ! great] intellect ev] be5 on ! side ( philosophy8 ,nay1#aba 9 ! epo*s 9 :i* intellectual sup]iority 0 und5iably on ! side ( philosophy1 did ! populace g to ! academy or to ! oracles8 ,if ! human intellect _h orig9ally fram$ ! rituali/ic obs]vances1 :i* bore s /range a resemblance 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w2 if human sagacity _h orig9at$ ! idea ( sacrifice 7& :]e=e sacrifice f ! po9t ( view ( human sagacity872 if philosophy _h reveal$ to !m ! religi\s conceptions :i* !y reta9$1 & _h be5 able to def9e ! relation ( man to ! ,div9ity--w\ld n mank9d1 9 all ages1 h _h rec\rse to its greate/ intellects = ! solution ( its d\bts1 r ?an to ! gu>dians ( an obscure & corrupt tradition8 ,! "q no d\bt is complicat$ ) ! evid5ce z to demonolatry2 b ! ext5t to :i* ?is prevail$ only en=ces ! argum5t aga9/ ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld1 to :om1 app>5tly1 ! demon 7p4 #ace7 is n a real exi/5ce1 b only ! embodim5t ( a phase ( ?\ght1 & mu/ s]i\sly emb>rass ^? :o attribute ! reg5]ation ( man f savag]y to intellectual gr[? & natural progress4 #aba ,! lively ,grecian1 9 a l& ( hills1 ,riv]s1 & f]tile pla9s1 & s\nd+ %ores1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,9 despite ,( ! gross fictions *ant$ 9 ! /reets ,by w&]+ rhapsodi/s1 & 9 contempt ,( d\bt & bold d5ial h\rly urg$ ,amid ! wrangl+ s*ools1 a ,_s hung1 ,beautiful region6 o'er ?y t[ns & f>ms1 ,/atues & temples1 & memorial tombs2 ,& emanations 7 p]ceiv$1 & acts ,( immortality1 9 nature's c\rse1 ,exemplifi$ by my/]ies t 7 felt ,z bonds1 on grave philosoph] impos$1 ,& arm$ w>rior2 & 9 e grove ,a gay or p5sive t5d]ness prevail$1 ,:5 piety m awful _h relax$4 --,,wordswor?1 ,excursion1 ,b4 iv4 ,b demonology ap>t1 :at w\ld h c\nt]vail$ aga9/ ! sup]iority ( reason & ! intellectual pre/ige ( ! _w except a belief 9 a tradition ( primitive revelation8 ,:at else w acc\nt = ! diff]5t recognitions ( philosophy & religion--prie/s & sophi/s8 ,:at else w\ld h prev5t$ mank9d f resort+ 9 _! difficulties to :]e ! greate/ intellect 0 f\nd8 ,at page #acd1 ?is tru? seems to ga9 p>tial recognition 9 ! pages ( ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld3-- ,9 conclusion1 x seems c]ta9 t = man's spiritual well-be+1 ^! =ces 7'! t5d5cy to cry/allise1 & ! t5d5cy to dissolve'7 ne$ co-ord9ation4 ,"u an infallible guide1 regulat+ e moral & !ological item ( 8 spiritual be+1 8 m5tal faculties are giv5 him t !y may be atrophi$1 l ! eyes ( ! oy/]1 :i*1 be+ useless 9 ! sludge ( its b$1 are re-absorb$4 ,"u a p]petual modification ( religi\s belief1 8 convictions become weak & wat]y1 )\t =ce1 & de/itute ( purpose4 ,9 ! b>r5 wild]ness ( ,s9ai !re are "h & !re gre5 & pleasant oases4 ,h[ come !y !re8 ,by basaltic dykes arre/+ ! rapid dra9age :i* leaves ! major "p ( t l& bald & wa/e4 ,s 9 ! region ( religion1 revelations & !ocratic sy/ems h be5 ! dykes sav+ x f b>r5ness1 & enc\rag+ m5tal & s5tim5tal f]tility 7p4 #acd74 ,x is impossible t we %\ld qu>rel ) ?is illu/ration1 x is s exactly to our po9t4 ,is x n ano!r way ( affirm+ ! position :i* ,i ma9ta9 aga9/ ,sir ,john ,lubbock8 7*4 xii47 ,may n we1 too1 take our /& ^u ^! oases ( tradition1 :i* revelations & !ocratic sy/ems h =m$1 & ask :at ! human intellect has be5 able to a*ieve = ! spiritual crav+s ( man 9 ! wa/e ar\nd8 ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld1 inde$1 says 7p4 #fa73-- ,a p[] ( free volition )9 or outside all matt] 9 motion 0 a rational solution to ! problems ( effects ( :i* man c\ld n acc\nt himself ! cause4 ,su* is ! orig9 ( ! idea ( ,god--( ,god :e!r _m1 inhabit+ ea* brook & plant1 & breeze & planet1 or z be+ a _w-s\l1 or z a supreme cause1 ! ,creator & su/a9] ( ! univ]se4 ,! common cons5t ( mank9d has be5 adduc$ z a pro( ( a tradition ( a revelation 9 pa/ times2 b ! fact t mo/ races ( m5 believe 9 "o or m deities proves no?+ m ?an t all m5 h drawn ! same inf]5ce f ! same premises4 ,x is idle to speak ( a ',s5sus ,num9is' z exi/+ z a prim>y conviction 9 man1 :5 ! conception may be r$uc$ to m rudim5t>y ideas4 ,! revelation is 9 man's be+1 9 8 conviction ( ! tru? ( ! pr9ciple ( causation1 & ?us x is a revelation made to e rational be+4 ,grant t x is s1 !re is no?+ "h :i* militates aga9/ our position1 :i* is ?is1--n c]ta9ly t !re is n a revelation ( ,god 9 man's be+1 made to e rational creature1 b t !re has be5 an express revelation sup]add$ to x2 & t x is n true t ! common cons5t ( mank9d to ! exi/5ce ( ,god has be5 adduc$ z a pro( ( a tradition ( a revelation 9 pa/ times1 b t ! mode & mann] ( ! cons5t atte/s ! fact ( tradition & ! fact ( revelation4 ,b :at h we j he>d8 ,t !re is a revelation ( ,god's exi/5ce 9 man's nature1 i4e4 9 ea* man's nature--x is a revelation made to e man's nature4 ,!n ! indef9ite lapse ( "t dem&$ = ! evolution ( ! ideas1 :i* we h j be5 combat+1 is n aft] all necess>y4 ,habemus reum confit5tum4 ,b inasmu* z ! cons5t ( mank9d is only to "o or m deities1 x is only s f> a te/imony to ! exi/5ce ( ,god z x is %[n t poly!ism arose out ( ! corruption ( ?is belief2 &1 moreov]1 by no means proves t all m5 h drawn ! same inf]5ce f ! same premises1 ev5 if x 7 possible to reconcile ?is /atem5t ) :at is said at page #aac--,! %apeless religion ( a primitive p gradually assumes a def9ite =m4 ,x is t ( nature-wor%ip4 ,x progresses ?r\gh poly!ism & idolatry1 & em]ges into mono!ism or pan!ism 7vide infra74 ,at ?is po9t ,i %\ld wi% to put 9 ! accumulation ( evid5ce :i* ,l',abbe ,ga9et has collect$ to prove t mono!ism 0 ! primitive belief4#abb ,:5 ?is evid5ce is disp]s$1 x w be "t en\gh to return to ! subject4 #abb ,mono!isme des ,peuples ,primitifs1 9 vol4 iii4 ( ,la ,bible sans la ,bible4 ,9 any case1 we may fall back ^u ! foll[+ te/imony 9 ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld3-- ,x is ! glory ( ! ,semitic race to h giv5 to ! _w1 9 a compact & lum9\s =m1 t mono!ism :i* ! philosoph]s ( ,greece & ,rome only vaguely appreh5d$1 & :i* has become ! h]itage ( ! ,*ri/ian & ,mohamm$an alike4 ,( ! ,semitic race1 h[ev]1 "o small bran*1 ,jewdom1 pres]v$ & communicat$ ! idea4 ,e o!r bran* ( t race sank into poly!ism 7vide supra74444 ,x is at fir/ sight inexplicable t ,jewi% mono!ism1 :i* 0 9 "t to ex]cise su* a prodigi\s influ5ce ov] m5's m9ds1 %\ld h s long rema9$ ! peculi> prop]ty ( an insignificant p4 ,b e religi\s idea has its season1 & ! ?\ghts ( m5 h _! avat>s4444 ,x 0 app>5tly necess>y t mank9d %\ld be giv5 full scope = unfett]$ developm5t1 t !y %\ld feel 9 all directions aft] ,god1 if haply !y might f9d ,him1 9 ord] t ! f\ndations ( inductive philosophy might be laid1 t ! religi\s idea might run itself out ?r\gh poly!i/ic *annels = ! developm5t ( art4 ,c]ta9ly ,jewi% mono!ism rema9$ 9 a /ate ( congelation till ! religi\s ?\ght ( antiquity _h exhau/$ its own vitality1 & _h work$ out e o!r problem ( !odicy2 !n sudd5ly ?aw+1 x p\r$ ov] ! _w its f]tilis+ /reams 7p4 #bei74abc #abc ,mr ,b4 ,g\ld also says1 p4 #ajd--,! ,semitic div9e names be> indelibly on _! front ! /amp ( _! orig91 & ! language itself te/ifies aga9/ ! insulation & ab/raction ( ^! names f poly!ism4 ,! ,aryan's tongue bore no su* te/imony to him4 ,! _s ( 8 language l$ him away f mono!ism1 :il/ t ( ! ,%emite 0 an ev]-pres5t monitor1 direct+ him to a ,god1 sole & undivid$4 ',! glory ( ! ,semitic race is ?is1' says ,m4 ,r5an1 't f its e>lie/ days x grasp$ t notion ( ! ,deity :i* all o!r p h _h to adopt f its example1 & on ! fai? ( its decl>ation4' ,f all ?is x results t1 s f> z ! te/imony ( ! ,semitic race is conc]n$ 7:i*1 by ! by1 a concurr5ce ( tradition po9ts to z ! olde/71 ! human race did n em]ge into mono!ism1 b sank into poly!ism2 t mono!ism 0 _! belief f _! e>lie/ days1 & _! language be>+ te/imony to ! same1 %[s also t x 0 primitively s4 ,x moreov] results1 t al?\gh mank9d may h be5 all[$ to s9k into poly!ism1 z a w>n+ or a *a/isem5t1 x c]ta9ly c\ld n h be5 9 ord] t ! f\ndations ( inductive philosophy might be laid2 = x is q app>5t f ?is extract t ! induction 0 nev] made t man did n em]ge into mono!ism2 b t hav+ exhau/$ its vitality1 & work$ out e problem ( !odicy 9 ! way ( corruption1 x receiv$ mono!ism back aga9 f ! only p :o _h pres]v$ x intact4 ,at any rate1 mono!ism came to x ab extra1 & be=e poly!ism _h atta9$ ! full scope ( t developm5t :i* 0 necess>y = ! p]fection ( art6 ,b ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld hav+ a p]ception t ?is admission 7al?\gh he has n app>5tly se5 its full significance7 is fatal to 8 !ory1 ha/5s to unsay x at page #bfa1 ,:5ce did ! ,jews d]ive _! mono!ism8 ,mono!ism is n a feature ( any primitive religion2 b t :i* is a feature ( second>y religions is ! appropriation to a tribe ( a p>ticul> god1 :i* t tribe exalts above all o!r gods4 ,9 support ( ?is view1 ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld quotes c]ta9 texts ( ,scripture--,isa4 xxxvi4 #ai1 #bj 7i4e4 words spok5 by ,rabsaces ! ,assyrian71 & ,jos4 xxiv4 #ae1 ,b if x seem evil to y to s]ve ! ,"l1 y h y\r *oice3 *oose ?is day t :i* please? y1 :om y w\ld r s]ve1 :e!r ! gods :i* y\r fa!rs s]v$ 9 ,mesopotamia qu]y1 an allusion to ! idolatry 9 ! patri>*al h\seholds8 ,g54 xxxv4 #b1 ! gods be+ ( ! same k9d ) ! gods ( ! ,amorites1 or ! gods ( ! ,amorites1 9 ^: l& y dwell2 b z = me & my h\se1 we w s]ve ! ,"l4 ,"o w\ld h ?\ght ?is text too pla9 to be cavill$ at4 ,is n ! ,"l :om ,josue invokes ! same ,"l :o 7,g54 i4 #a7 9 ! beg9n+ creat$ heav5 & e>?1 & :o said to ,noah 7,g54 vi4 #g71 ,i w de/roy man :om ,i h creat$1 f ! face ( ! e>?2 & :o 7,exod4 iii4 #b7 appe>$ to ,moses 9 a flame ( fire 9 ! bu% :i* 0 n consum$2 & to :om ,moses said1 ,lo1 ,i %all g to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 & say to !m1 ,! ,god ( y\r fa!rs ha? s5t me to y2 if !y %\ld say to me1 ,:at is ,8 "n8 :at %all ,i say to !m8 7v]4 #ad71 ,god said to ,moses1 ,i am :o am3 ,he said ?us %alt ?\ say to ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 ,he :o is ha? s5t me to y4 ,:5 or :]e has mono!ism be5 m explicitly decl>$8 ,is !re any phrase :i* ! human m9d c\ld inv5t 9 :i* x c\ld be m adequately def9$8 ,& :5 ,god speaks z ! ,god ( ,abraham1 ( ,isaac1 & ( ,jacob1 is x n z if ,he w\ld say1 ,i am n only ! ,god :o speaks to ! individual he>t1 b :o is also traditionally kn[n to y all collectively ?r\gh my manife/ations & revelations to y\r =efa!rs8 ,comp>e ,matt4 xxii4 #cb4 ,int] alia1 ,mr ,b4 ,g\ld also in/ances su* unmi/akable ori5talisms z ',among ! gods !re is none l unto ,!e1 ,o ,"l1' says ,david1 & he exalts ,jehovah above ! o!rs z a ',k+ above all gods4' ,:]e1 !n1 may we ask1 is ! mono!ism1 ! glory ( ! ,semitic race1 to be f\nd1 if n 9 ! "t ( ,david8 ,! pro( :i* foll[s is m cl9*+ /ill-- ,jacob seems to h made a sort ( b>ga9 ) ,jehovah t he w\ld s]ve ,him in/ead ( o!r gods1 on condition t ,he took c>e ( him dur+ 8 exile f home4 ,! next /age 9 popul> ,jewi% !ology 0 a d5ial ( ! p[] ( ! ,g5tile gods1 & ! treatm5t ( !m z idols4 ,tradition & hi/ory po9t to ,abraham z ! fir/ on :om ! idea ( ! impot5ce ( ! deities ( 8 fa!r's h\se fir/ broke4 ,he is said to h sma%$ ! images 9 ,nahor's oratory1 & to h put a hamm] into ! h&s ( "o idol :i* he left /&+1 z a sign to ,nahor t t "o _h de/roy$ all ! re/4 ,un=tunately = ?is view--accord+ to ! only au!ntic n>rative we h ( ! facts1 ,g54 xii4--,abraham mu/ h prec$$ ,jacob by at lea/ two g5]ations6 ,i ?9k t1 aft] ?is1 we may fairly ask ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld1 :o is le>n$ 9 m$ieval my?s1 to trace = u m di/9ctly ! notion ( ! *ronicl] :o _h a !ory t ,h5ry ,,ii4 liv$ be=e ,h5ry ,i4 ,) ?is passage ,i %all conclude ?is *apt]1 m]ely obs]v+1 t if any dep>tm5t ( /udy exi/$ :i* _h = its special object ! inve/igation ( tradition1#abd x is simply impossible t a "w 7clev] 9 _m respects7 su* z t ( ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld %\ld ev] h be5 writt54 #abd ,i app5d1 h[ev]1 ! foll[+ passage f ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld1 z x may be s]viceable 9 trac+ tradition1 & to :i* ,i may h occasion to recur 7p4 #afa73--;,among ! ,am]ican ,indians an object ( wor%ip1 & ! c5tre ( a cycle ( leg5d1 is ,mi*abo1 ! great h>e or rabbit4 ,f ! remote/ wilds ( ! nor?-we/ to ! coa/ ( ! ,atlantic1 f ! s\!rn b\nd>ies ( ,c>ol9a to ! *e]less swamps ( ,hudson's ,bay1 ! ,algonqu9s are nev] tir$ ( ga!r+ r\nd ! w9t] fire1 & repeat+ ! /ory ( ,manibozho or ,mi*abo1 ! ,great ,h>e4 ,) entire unanimity1 _! v>i\s bran*es1 ! ,p[hatans1 c41 444 & ! we/]n tribes1 p]haps )\t exception1 spoke ( ?is '*im]ical bea/1' z "o ( ! old mission>ies call$ x1 z _! common ance/or 7,br9ton's ,my?s ( ! ,new ,_w1 p4 #afb74 ,mi*abo is describ$ z hav+ be5 f\r-legg$1 mon/r\s1 cr\*+ on ! face ( ! primeval wa/e ( wat]s1 ) all 8 c\rt1 compos$ ( f\r-foot$ creatures1 ar\nd him4 ,he =m$ ! e>? out ( a gra9 ( s& tak5 f ! bottom ( ! ocean4 ,x is /range t su* an insignificant creature z a h>e %\ld h receiv$ ?is apo!osis1 & x has be5 g5]ally reg>d$ z an in/ance ( ! s5seless brute-wor%ip ( savages4 ,b its preval5ce leads ! my?ologi/ to suspect t "s confusion ( words has l$ to a confusion ( ideas1 a suspicion :i* becomes a c]ta9ty :5 ! "n is analys$1 = x is !n f\nd to be ,! ,great ,:ite ,"o1 or ,great ,light1 & to be 9 reality ! sun1 a fact ( :i* ! mod]n ,indians are utt]ly unaw>e4 ,if ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld f9ds t ! ^w ,mi*abo also signifies ,! ,great ,light1 or ,! ,great ,:ite ,"o1 x goes f> to id5tify ! wor%ip ( ! h>e ) ! wor%ip ( ! sun1 m especially :5 x is not$ 7vide ,prescott's ,conque/ ( ,mexico1 i4 #ajc7 t ! h>e 0 "o ( ! f\r hi]oglyphics ( ! ye> among ! anci5t ,mexicans4,a ,animal wor%ip seems "h pla9ly connect$ ) sun-wor%ip4 ,b above & beyond x1 d we n "h also get a glimpse ( m cele/ial light8 ,! ,great ,light is also ,! ,great ,:ite ,"o4 ,he is describ$ z cr\*+ on ! face ( ! primeval wa/e ( wat]s4 ,9 ^! phrases we seem almo/ to read ! text ( ,g54 i4 #c1 ,& ,god said1 ,be light1 & light 0 made2 v]4 #b1 ,d>kness 0 on ! face ( ! deep1 & ! ,_s ( ,god mov$ ov] ! wat]s4 ,! ,indians also say t he =m$ ! e>? out ( a gra9 ( s& tak5 f ! bottom ( ! ocean4 ,does n ?is n only embody ! tradition t ,god creat$ ! _w out ( no?+1 b also ! mode ( ! creation by ! sep>ation ( ! wat] f ! l&3 v]4 #i1 ,god also said1 ,let ! wat]s t are "u ! heav5s be ga!r$ toge!r 9 "o place2 & let ! dry l& appe>4444 ,& ,god call$ ! dry l& e>?1 & ! ga!r+ toge!r ( ! wat]s ,he call$ seas4 ,a ,^! hi]oglyphics 7 symbolical ( ! f\r elem5ts4 ,prescott adds--,x is n easy to see ! connection betwe5 ! t]ms 'rabbit' & 'air1' :i* lead ! respective s]ies4 ,possibly he may n h be5 aw>e ( ! tradition ( ! ,algonqu9s z above4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,c>d9al ,,wiseman 7,lectures on ,sci5ce & ,religion1 ii4 #bbh-bcb71 9 speak+ ( :at 0 *>act]i/ic ( mo/ ,ori5tal religions--a belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( emanat$ influ5ces int]m$iate betwe5 ! div9e & e>?ly natures1 is l$ on to give an acc\nt ( ! curi\s ,gno/ic sect1 ! ,naz>ians--,! fir/ ( ^! errors 0 common1 p]haps1 to o!r ,gno/ic sects2 b 9 ! ,codex ,nas>u we h ! two especially di/+ui%$ z diff]5t be+s--light & life4 ,9 x ! fir/ emanation f ,god is ! k+ ( light2 ! second1 fire2 ! ?ird1 wat]2 ! f\r?1 life4 ,i wi% to note t1 :e!r or n _! notions z to emanations orig9ally meant m ?an ! act ( creation1 a tradition z to ! successive ord] ( ! creation seems cle>ly embodi$ 9 ! text4 ,god creat$ fir/ ( all light2 !n ! sun 7! firmam5t7 is fire 7! di/9ct creation ( ! light & ! sun 9 ,g5esis is s m>k$ z to create a special difficulty 9 ! cosmogony72 !n wat]2 !n life1 9 bea/s1 birds1 reptiles1 c42 la/ly1 man4 ,comp4 ) supra1 p4 #ach1 & ) ! above leg5d ( ,mi*abo4 ,a ,,slavonian ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,creation4--,! curr5t issue ( ! ,lit]>y ,society ( ,prague includes a volume ( popul> tales collect$ 9 all ! ,slavonian c\ntries1 & translat$ by ,m4 ,erb5 into ,cze*4 ,we extract ! %orte/--',9 ! beg9n+ !re 0 only ,god1 & ,he lay asleep & dream$4 ,at la/ x 0 "t = ,him to wake & look at ! _w4 ,:]ev] ,he look$ ?r\gh ! sky1 a /> came out4 ,he wond]$ :at x 01 & got up & began to walk4 ,at la/ ,he came to our e>?2 ,he 0 v tir$2 ! sweat ran d[n ,8 =ehead1 & a drop fell on ! gr\nd4 ,we are all made ( ?is drop1 & t is :y we are ! sons ( ,god4 ,man 0 n made = pleasure2 he 0 born ( ! sweat ( ,god's face1 & n[ he mu/ live by ! sweat ( 8 own3 t is :y m5 h no re/4'--,! ,academy1 ,feb4 #ab1 #ahgj4 ,i wi% also to exam9e1 9 great] detail ?an ,i %\ld h _h space = 9 a note1 h[ f> ! case ( ! ,samoy$s be>s out ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld's !ory ( ! developm5t ( idolatry f its gross] to its m ref9$ manife/ations1 or ( ! progress ( ! human race f b>b>ism to ! light ( religion & ( civilisation4 ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld says1 p4 #acf-- ',:5 a ,s*aman is aw>e t ,i h no h\sehold god1' said a ,samoy$ to ,m4 ,ca/r51 ! l+ui/1 'he comes to me1 & ,i give him a squirrel1 or an erm9e sk94' ,?is sk9 he br+s back m\ld$ 'into a human %ape4' 444 ',?is ,los is a feti%2 x is n altoge!r an idol2 x is a _s entangl$ 9 a mat]ial object4 ,:at t object is matt]s little2 a /ump ( a tree1 a /one1 a rag1 or an animal1 s]ves ! purpose ( cond5s+ ! impalpable deity into a tangible reality4' ,?r\gh ?is co>se sup]/ition glimm]s an intellig5t conception4 ,x is t ( an all-p]vad+ ,deity1 :o is focuss$1 s to speak1 9 ! feti%4 ,?is deity is call$ ,num4 ',i h he>d "s ,samoy$s decl>e t ! e>?1 ! sea--all nature1 9 %ort--are ,num4' ',:]e is ,num8 ask$ ,ca/r5 ( a ,samoy$1 & ! man po9t$ to ! blue sea3 b an old woman told him t ! sun 0 ,num4 ,! ,sie?as1 wor%ipp$ by ! ,lapps1 _h no c]ta9 figure or %ape =m$ by nature or art2 !y 7 ei!r trees or r\gh /ones1 mu* worn by wat]4 ,tomu says !y 7 (t5 m]e tree /umps ) ! roots upw>ds4#abe #abe ,is n ,num cognate to ,num58 & _! wor%ip ( trees & worn /ones wor%ip ( memorials ( ! ,deluge8 ,comp>e ,b\lang]1 infra1 *4 xi41 & on ! reg>d = b\ld]s 9 ,india 7vide ,ga9et1 vol4 i47 ,bryant 7,my?ology1 iii4 #ecb7 says1 speak+ ( ! ,egyptians--,i h m5tion$ t !y %[$ a rev]5tial reg>d to fragm5ts ( rock :i* 7 p>ticul>ly unc\? & horrid2 & ?is practice seems to h prevail$ 9 _m o!r c\ntries4 ,probably = ! same reason ! ,lapps wor%ipp$ _! lakes & riv]s1 z is kn[n f ! names annex$ to !m--,ailekes ,jauvre1 t is1 sacr$ lake1 c4 ,vide ,p9k]ton1 i4 #dfh4 7,leems47 ,x is curi\s to contra/ ?is rec5t acc\nt ( ! ,samoides ) an acc\nt1 app>5tly well in=m$ & discrim9at+1 9 #agfb4 ,p9k]ton1 i4 #ebb--,! religion ( ! ,samoides is v simple4444 ,!y admit ! exi/5ce ( a ,supreme ,be+1 ,creator ( all ?+s1 em95tly good & b5efic5t2 a quality :i*1 accord+ to _! mode ( ?9k+1 disp5ses !m f any adoration ( ,him1 or address+ _! pray]s to ,him1 because !y suppose ?is ,be+ takes no int]e/ 9 mundane affairs2 & consequ5tly1 does n exact nor ne$ ! wor%ip ( man4 ,!y jo9 to ?is idea t ( a be+ et]nal & invisible1 v p[]ful1 ?\gh subord9ate to ! fir/1 & dispos$ to evil4 ,x is to ?is be+ t !y ascribe all ! mis=tunes :i* befall !m 9 ?is life4 ,nev]!less1 !y d n wor%ip1 al?\gh mu* 9 fe> ( him4 ,if !y place any reliance 9 ! c\nsels ( ,ko$esnicks or ,tadebes 7! ',s*amans' ref]r$ to above71 x is only on acc\nt ( ! connection :i* !y e/eem ^! p to h ) ?is evil be+2 o!rwise !y submit !mselves ) p]fect apa?y to all ! mis=tunes :i* c befall !m4 ,! sun & moon1 z well1 hold ! place ( subalt]n deities4 ,x is by _! int]v5tion1 !y imag9e1 t ! ,supreme ,be+ disp5ses ,8 fav\rs2 b !y wor%ip !m z little z ! idols or fit*es 7feti%es7 :i* !y c>ry ab\t !m accord+ to ! recomm5dation ( _! ,ko$esnicks4 ,)\t pursu+ ! inve/igation fur!r1 x seems pla9 t ! ,samoides1 f be+ 7at lea/7 ,dei/s 9 ! la/ c5tury 7,dr ,hook]1 ,himalayan ,j\rnal1 gives a simil> acc\nt ( ! ,lep*as71 h laps$1 app>5tly ?r\gh sun-wor%ip1 to a /ate ( ,pan!ism1 if n ,feti%ism4 ,( ! ,tongusy1 a p :o1 if n k9 to ! ,samoides1 h an analog\s wor%ip--7,!y are altoge!r unacqua9t$ ) any k9d ( lit]ature1 & wor%ip ! sun & moon4 ,!y h _m ,%amans among !m1 :o diff] little f ^? ,i =m]ly describ$4--,bell's ,travels 9 ,asia1 ,sib]ia7--,bell1 travell+ 9 ,sib]ia1 #agbj1 says--,al?\gh ,i h obs]v$ t ! ,tongusy 9 g5]al wor%ip ! sun & moon1 !re are _m exceptions to ?is obs]vation4 ,i h f\nd intellig5t p among !m :o believ$ !re 0 a ,be+ sup]ior to bo? sun & moon1 & :o creat$ !m & all ! _w4 ,if1 !n1 we may connect ! ,tongusy ) ! ,samoides1 x w\ld appe> t :]eas ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld 7i4e41 ,ca/r57 f9ds ! latt] sunk 9 ,feti%ism1 !y 71 ! "o 9 #agfb1 ! o!r 9 #agbj1 ! wor%ipp]s ( ! sun & moon1 jo9$ ) ! k & tradition ( ! true ,god /ill subsi/+ among/ !m4 ,f4 ,s*legel 7,phil4 ( ,hi/ory1 p4 #ach7 says--,! ,greeks1 :o describ$ ,india 9 ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 divid$ ! ,indian religi\s sects into ,bra*mans & ,samaneans4444 ,b by ! ,greek d5om9ation ( ,samaneans we mu/ c]ta9ly und]/& ! ,buddhi/s1 z among ! rude nations ( ,c5tral ,asia1 z 9 o!r c\ntries1 ! prie/s ( ! religion ( ,fo be> at ?is day ! "n ( ,s*amans4 ,comp>e ,pr(essor ,rawl9son1 ,anci5t ,mon>*ies1 i4 #aci1 #agb4 7,vide infra1 p4 #afc1 #afd1 #bje47 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,my?ology4 ,s9ce all ant$iluvian traditions meet 9 ,noah1 & are transmitt$ ?r\gh him1 !re is an priori probability t we %all f9d all ! ant$iluvian traditions confus$ 9 ,noah4 ,i %all discuss ?is fur!r :5 ,i come to reg>d him "u ! aspect ( ,saturn4 ,z a consequ5ce1 we mu/ n expect to f9d 7! process ( corruption hav+ comm5c$ 9 ! race ( ,ham1 almo/ contemporane\sly ) ,noah7 a pure & unadult]at$ tradition any:]e2 & ,i allege m specifically1 t :5ev] we f9d a tradition ( ,noah & ! ,deluge1 we %all f9d x complicat$ & confus$ ) previ\s communications ) ! ,almighty1 & also ) traditions ( ,adam & ,p>adise4 ,b inasmu* z ! tradition is necess>ily ?r\gh ,noah1 & 9 any case applies to him at "o remove1 x does n greatly affect ! argum5t ,i h 9 h&4 ,!re is a fur!r probability :i* confronts u on ! outset1 t 9 e tradition1 ) ! lapse ( "t1 ?\gh ! ev5ts !mselves are likely to be sub/antially transmitt$1 !y may become transpos$ 9 _! ord] ( succession4 ,we %all see ?is 9 ! case ( ,noah & 8 po/]ity4 ,! pr9cipal cause be+1 t ! imm$iate f\nd] ( ! race is1 z a rule1 among all ! nations ( antiquity1 deifi$ & plac$ at ! head ( e g5ealogy & hi/ory4 ,joves omnes reges vocrunt antiqui4 ,?us ,belus1 :om mod]n discov]y seems c]ta9ly to h id5tifi$ ) ,nimrod1 9 ! ,*aldean my?ology appe>s z ,jupit]1 & ev5 z ! creator sep>at+ light f d>kness 7,rawl9son1 ,anci5t ,mon>*ies1 i4 #aha2 ,ga9et1 ,hi/4 de l',anc4 et ,n\v4 ,te/41 i4 #abj74 ,b ,nimrod is also mix$ up ) ,jupit] 9 ! god ,bel-,m]oda*4 ,9 m natural connection ,nimrod--7:o may h be5 wor%ipp$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,*aldea "u diff]5t titles1 ,rawl9son1 i4 #agb7--,nimrod appe>s z ! fa!r ( ,hurki ! moon-god1 ^: wor%ip he probably introduc$2 &1 :at is mu* m to ! po9t1 he appe>s z ! fa!r ( ,n9 7:om ,i %all pres5tly id5tify ) ,noah72 :il/ 9 "o in/ance1 at lea/1 ! g5ealogy is inv]t$1 & he appe>s z ! son ( ,n94 ,?us1 too1 ,h]cules & ,saturn are conf\nd$1 j z we f9d ,adam & ,noah conf\nd$ 7_m classical traditions1 we mu/ rememb]1 id5tifi$ ,h]cules ) ,saturn1 vide ,rawl9son1 i4 #aff74 ,also 9 ,grecian my?ology ,prome!us 7,adam7 figures z ! son ( ,deucalion 7,noah71 & also ( ,japetus 7,japhet72 & s1 too1 ,adam & ,noah1 9 ! ,mahabh>ata1 are equally 9 tradition 9 ! p]son ( ,man\ 7vide ,ga9et1 i4 #aii71 & 9 ,mexico 9 ! p]son ( ! god ,quetzalcoatl 7vide infra1 p4 #cbf74 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 pursu+ ! special subject ( ?is inquiry fur!r1 x appe>s to me impossible to avoid an argum5t on a subject long debat$1 tempor>ily ab&on$ ?r\gh ! exhau/ion ( ! combatants1 & n[ aga9 rec5tly br\ght into prom95ce ?r\gh ! writ+s ( ,mr ,glad/one1 ,dr ,doll+]1 ,mr ,max ,mll]1 & o!rs--! s\rce & orig9 ( my?ology4#abf #abf ,?is *apt] 0 writt5 be=e ! publication ( ,mr ,cox's ,my?ology ( ! ,aryan ,nations4 ,x w be se51 h[ev]1 t ,i indulge ! hope t mu* t is s$uctive1 & mu* ev5 t is sy/ematic1 9 ,mr ,cox's view1 w be f\nd to be compatible ) ! l9e ,i h indicat$4 ,n[1 "h1 ,i am q ready to adopt1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! op9ion ( ,l',abb ,ga9et1 t e exclusive sy/em mu/ come to naught1 que t\tes les t5tatives qu'on ai faites p\r expliqu] le poly?isme p> un sy/me exclusif tomb5t faux et n'expliqu5t ri54 ,yet1 :il/ fully admitt+ an e>ly & p]haps concurr5t admixture ( ,sabaism1#abg ,i consid] t ! facts & evid5ce conta9$ 9 ! pages ( ,rawl9son w enable u to arrive at ! hi/ory ( idolatry by a mode mu* m direct ?an conjecture4 ,! pages ( ,rawl9son prove ! id5tity ( ,nimrod & ,belus1 & 8 wor%ip 9 ! e>lie/ times4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re has be5 a pretty con/ant tradition#abh t ,nimrod fir/ rais$ ! /&>d ( revolt aga9/ ! ,"l2 & ! erection ( ! t[] ( ,babel seems to %[ a /ate ( ?+s ripe = idolatry4 ,"h rec5t discov]y & anci5t tradition concur 9 e/abli%+ h]o-wor%ip z among ! e>lie/ =ms ( idolatry4 ,b fur!r1 ! ,arab tradition ( ,nimrod's apo!osis1 analog\s to ! my/]i\s & miracul\s disappe>ance ( ,eno* 7vide infra1 p4 #aib71 sugge/s h[ h]o-wor%ip might become almo/ id5tical ) ! wor%ip ( spirits1 :i* ,l',abb ,ga9et incl9es to ?9k ! fir/ & mo/ natural mode4 ,if !re 0 a tradition among !m t "o ( _! ance/ors 0 rais$ up to heav51#abi :y may !y n h argu$1 :5 _! m9ds _h become ?or\ghly corrupt$1 t _! imm$iate ance/or1 ! mighty ,nimrod1 _h be5 s rais$8 & :5 "o ance/or 0 deifi$ ! re/ w\ld h be5 deifi$ 9 sequ5ce1 or accord+ to _! relation%ip to him4 ,:at1 aga91 m likely ?an t1 :5 ?r\gh ! corruptions ( mank9d ! communications ( ! ,mo/ ,high ceas$1 !y %\ld turn to ^? to :om ! communications _h be5 made1 at fir/ p]haps innoc5tly 9 int]cession1 &1 z corruption deep5$1 9 wor%ip8#acj #abg ,philo4 apud ,eusebius1 :o has transmitt$ ! ,pho5ician tradition 7vide ,buns5's ,egypt1 iv4 #bha71 seems to me to indicate ! mode 9 :i* x came ab\t 9 ! foll[+ words--,n[ ,*ronos1 ^: ,pho5ician epi!t 0 ,el1 a rul] ( ! l&1 & subsequ5tly aft] 8 dea?1 deifi$ 9 ! con/ellation ( ,kronos 7,saturn71 c4 ,z to ,saturn1 vide *4 x4 ,9 ! cosmical !ory !re is analogy z to ! process ( deification--,9 ! ,pho5ician cosmogonies1 ! connection betwe5 ! highe/ ,god & a subord9ate male & female demiurgic pr9ciple is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 7,buns51 iv4 #ddg74 ,x w\ld seem+ly be m 9 fitness ) a cosmical !ory to f9d direct adoration ( ! pr9ciple1 )\t evid5ce ( any previ\s or concurr5t process ( deification4 ,mr ,w4 ,palm] 7,egyptian ,*ronicles1 i4 #cg7 says--,b :5 we f9d ! rul]s ( ! fir/ two p]iods 9 ! ,*ronicle1 its xiii4 gods & viii4 demigods1 answ]+ closely to ! two g5]ations ( ! ant$iluvian & po/-diluvian patri>*s 9 numb]1 & !re=e also 9 ! av]age l5g? ( ! reigns & g5]ations2 & :5 we "k1 besides1 z we d1 t ! ,pan!on ( ! ,egyptians & o!r nations1 :i* !y said _h all borr[$ f !m1 0 peopl$1 9 "p at lea/1 ) deifi$ ance/ors--= ev5 ! heav5ly lum9>ies1 & ! elem5ts1 & p[]s ( nature1 & notions ( ! true ,god /ill rema9+1 or ( angels & demons1 s f> z !y 7 inve/$ ) humanity & sex1 7 id5tifi$ ) human ance/ors2 we _c d\bt t ,kronos1 c4 #abh ,v5ator contra ,dom9um1 ,/ ,augu/9e2 ,cit de ,dieu1 xvi4 *4 iv42 ,pa/oret1 ,hi/4 de la ,legislation4 #abi ,g54 v4 #bd1 says only--,& he walk$ ) ,god1 & 0 se5 no m3 because ,god took him4 7,vide also ,john iii4 #ac47 ,!re might /ill h be5 ! belief & tradition 7accord+ to appe>ances7 t he 0 s rais$4 7,comp>e #d ,k+s ii4 #aa1 & ,ecclesia/icus1 xliv4 #af47 #acj ,i believe1 h[ev]1 t ! apo/asy 9 ! ,hamitic race g5]ally 0 mu* m direct2 & ,i entirely agree ) ,bryant t x mu/ h result$ at an e>ly p]iod 9 a sy/ematic s*eme ( mix$ sol> & ance/ral wor%ip4 ,!re=e1 9 any ,hamitic tradition1 we %all n be />tl$ at f9d+ 7ev5 9 ! commemorative c]emonies ( ! ,deluge7 evid5ce ( sol> my?ology inextricably bl5d$ ) ance/ral traditions4 ,we1 h[ev]1 are only conc]n$ ) ! ance/ral traditions1 & 9 s f> z we c discrim9ate !m1 ,mr ,cox's evid5ce ( sol> my?ology w =m no b>ri] to our inquiry4 ,9 ! prec$+ page ,i h quot$ a passage f ,san*onia?on1 :i* seems to indicate ! mode 9 :i* ! mix$ sy/em arose2 b !re ,cronos 7,noah7 is deifi$ 9 ! planet ,saturn4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 we f9d him deifi$ 9 ! sun 7,bryant1 ii4 #fj1 #bjj1 #bbj74 ,ham1 h[ev]1 is sometimes also deifi$ 9 ! sun2 & 9 cases :]e ,ham is s deifi$1 x is n unlikely t we %all f9d ! patri>* relegat$ to ,saturn4 ,l',abb ,ga9et1 9 ano!r "p ( 8 "w1 draws att5tion to ! wor%ip ( ance/ors 9 ,*9a1 & asks :e!r ! idols ( ,laban _h ref]5ce to m ?an "s su* second>y objects8 ,x w be recollect$ t x 0 precisely ! ext5t to :i* ?is v5]ation 0 to be consid]$ culpable :i* 0 ! subject-matt] ( ! un=tunate disputes betwe5 c]ta9 religi\s ord]s 9 ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies 7vide ,huc's ,*9ese ,empire1 & ,cret9eau ,joly's ,hi/4 de la ,com4 de ,jesus1 vol4 iii4 *ap4 iii41 & vol4 v4 *ap4 i47 ,inde$1 among ! ,semitic races x may nev] h deg5]at$ into idolatry4 ,/ill x appe>s to me t weight %\ld be atta*$ to ?is t5d5cy1 m especially 9 primitive times1 :5 ! recollection ( ance/ors :o _h be5 driv5 out ( ,p>adise1 to :om direct revelations _h be5 made1 & :o 7 naturally reput$ to h be5 ne>] to ! gods 7,plato1 ,cic]o#aca71 w\ld h be5 all 9 all to _! desc5dants4 ,!n1 aga91 z we h j se51 !re 0 ! tradition among !m ( "o man :o _h be5 c>ri$ up into heav51 & accord+ly1 :5 h]o-wor%ip culm9at$ 9 ! deification ( man1 we are n surpris$ to f9d x tak+ ! =m ( ?is apo!osis z 9 ! id5tification ( ,nimrod & ,eno*4 #aca ,quoniam antiquitas proxime acc$it ad deos4--,de ,legibus1 ii4 #aa4 ,?is t5d5cy to idolatry ?r\gh h]o-wor%ip seems to me s natural & direct1 t ,i ?9k1 ap>t f ! facts priori1 ,i %\ld h be5 l$ to ! conclusion t x 0 ! actual mann] 9 :i* x 0 br\ght ab\t4#acb ,x is n d5i$1 on ! o!r h&1 t !re always has be5 a t5d5cy to nature-wor%ip also2 &1 inde$1 !re is probably a /age dur+ :i* e my?ology w be f\nd to h come "u its influ5ce4 ,b ! incl9ation at ! pres5t mom5t is unmi/akably to an exclusive a/ral or sol> sy/em4 ,! po9t ( int]e/ :i* excites me to ?is inquiry is simply to det]m9e ! value ( ! hi/orical traditions :i* may lie emb$d$ 9 ^! sy/ems2 & ,i %all be cont5t to f9d !m1 :e!r or n !y =m ! prim>y nucleus1 or :e!r only subsequ5tly import$ into1 & bl5d$ )1 sol> my?ology4 ,x is easy to conceive h[ a my?ology embody+ hi/orical traditions c\ld pass into an a/ral sy/em4 ,9 ?is case incongruity w\ld n />tle2 b x is difficult to imag9e a pure a/ral sy/em :i* w\ld n be too h>moni\s & symmetrical to admit ( ! grossness1 inconsi/5cy1 & incongruity to :i* ! process ( adaptation w\ld inevitably give rise1 & to :i* h]o-wor%ip is inh]5tly prone4 ,z ,mr ,glad/one says 7,hom]1 ii4 #ab73-- ,!re is mu* 9 ! !o-my?ology ( ,hom] :i*1 if x _h be5 a sy/em f\nd$ on fable1 c\ld n h appe>$ !re4 ,x /&s be=e u l "o ( our old *ur*es1 hav+ diff]5t p>ts ( its fabric 9 ! diff]5t /yles ( ar*itecture1 ea* ( :i* speaks = itself1 & :i* we "k to belong to ! sev]al epo*s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art :5 _! *>act]i/ic comb9ations 7 respectively 9 vogue4 #acb ,! adv]se decision1 9 ! matt] ( ! c]emonies1 did n1 ,i appreh5d1 t\* ! "q we are n[ consid]+1 albeit ! c]emonies _h ref]5ce to deceas$ ance/ors4 ,?is w be app>5t1 ,i ?9k1 f consid]ation ( ! gr\nds ^u :i* ! "q 0 debat$4 ,! ,jesuits reli$ ^u ! s5se 9 :i* ! c]emonies 7 reg>d$ by ! ,m&>9s & lit]>y m5 :om !y consult$1 :il/ _! oppon5ts support$ _! argum5ts by ref]5ce to ! popul> notions & ! sup]/iti\s practices introduc$ by ! ,bonzes4 7,vide ,cret9eau ,joly's ,hi/4 de la ,com4 de ,jesus1 vol4 v4 *ap4 i47 ,mr ,glad/one 7passim7 victori\sly combats ! !ory ( nature-wor%ip z appli$ to ,grecian my?ology2 b x appe>s to me t 8 argum5t & mode ( reason+ w\ld apply ) t5fold effect to ! ,*aldean my?ology1 :]e !re is a likelihood at lea/ t we %all view idolatry 9 its e>ly comm5cem5ts4 ,i consid] t ?is view is borne out by ! foll[+ passage f ,pr(essor ,rawl9son's ,anci5t ,mon>*ies1 i4 #aci3-- ,9 ! fir/ place1 x mu/ be notic$ t ! religion 0 to a c]ta9 ext5t a/ral4 ,! heav5 itself1 ! sun1 ! moon1 & ! five planets1 h ea* _! repres5tative 9 ! ,*aldean ,pan!on among ! *ief objects ( wor%ip4 ,at ! same "t x is to be obs]v$1 t ! a/ral elem5t is n univ]sal1 b p>tial2 & t ev5 :]e x has place1 x is b "o aspect ( ! my?ology1 n by any means its full & complete exposition4 ,! ,*aldean religion ev5 "h is f> f be+ m]e ,sabeanism--! simple wor%ip ( ! 'ho/ ( heav54' ,! e!r1 ! sun1 ! moon1 & /ill m ! five planet>y gods1 are some?+ above & beyond ^? p>ts ( nature4 ,l ! classical ,apollo & ,diana1 ,m>s & ,v5us1 !y are real p]sons1 ) a life & a hi/ory1 a p[] & an influ5ce1 :i* no +5uity c translate into a metaphorical repres5tation ( ph5om5a atta*+ to ! air & to ! heav5ly bodies4 ,x is d\btful1 inde$1 :e!r ?is class ( gods are really ( a/ronomical orig91 & n r primitive deities1 ^: *>act]s & attributes 71 to a great ext5t1 fix$ & settl$ be=e ! notion arose ( connect+ !m ) c]ta9 p>ts ( nature4 ,occasionally !y seem to repres5t h]oes r ?an cele/ial bodies2 & !y h all attributes q di/9ct f _! physical & a/ronomical "*4 ,secondly1 ! /rik+ resemblance ( ! ,*aldean sy/em to t ( ! classical my?ology1 seems wor?y ( p>ticul> att5tion4 ,?is resemblance is too g5]al & too close 9 "s respects to all[ ( ! supposition t m]e accid5t has produc$ ! co9cid5ce4 ,! evid5ce 9 ! ,anci5t ,mon>*ies seems to me to decide ! po9t1 n only = p]haps ! e>lie/ my?ology ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 b also = ! ,grecian my?ology1 :i* has g5]ally be5 ! gr\nd ( dispute4 ,x is curi\sly 9 illu/ration1 h[ev]1 ( ! common orig9 ( my?ology1 t ! my?ology ( ,greece %\ld be equally well trac$ to ,assyria & ,egypt4 ,z evid5ce ( ! !ory accord+ to ! ,assyrian orig91 let u turn1 = in/ance1 to ,pr(essor ,rawl9son's id5tification ( ,n]gal ) ,m>s4 ,x is true he appe>s z ! planet ,m>s "u ! =m ( ,n]ig1 & he also figures z ! /orm-rul]2 b c any?+ well be m human ?an ! re/ ( 8 titles8 ,8 "n is evid5tly comp\nd$ ( ! two ,hamitic roots 'nir' a man1 & 'gula' great2 s t he is '! great man' or '! great h]o4' ,8 titles are '! k+ ( battle1' '! *ampion ( ! gods1' '! /rong begett]1' '! tutel> god ( ,babylonia1' & '! god ( ! *ase4'444 ,we h no evid5ce t ,n]gal 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ! primitive times4 ,he is j m5tion$ by "s ( ! e>ly ,assyrian k+s1 :o reg>d him z _! ance/or4444 ,x is conjectur$ t1 l ,bil-,nipru1 he repres5ts ! deifi$ h]o ,nimrod1 :o may h be5 wor%ipp$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,*aldea "u diff]5t titles4444 ,x is probable t ,n]gal's symbol 0 ! man-lion4 ,nir is sometimes us$ 9 ! inscriptions 9 ! mean+ ( lion1 & ! ,semitic "n = ! god himself is 'aria1' ! ord9>y t]m = ! k+ ( bea/s bo? 9 ,hebrew & ,syriac4 ,p]haps we h "h ! true d]ivation ( ! ,greek "n = ! god ( w> ',ares' 7,greek3 ,ars71 :i* has long puzzl$ classical s*ol>s4 ,! lion w\ld symbolise bo? ! hunt+ & ! fight+ prop5sities ( ! god1 = he n only engages 9 combats1 b (t5 *ases 8 prey & runs x d[n l a hunt]4 ,aga91 if ,n]gal is ! man-lion1 8 association 9 ! build+s ) ! man-bull w\ld be exactly p>allel ) ! conjunction :i* we s con/antly f9d betwe5 him & ,n9 9 ! inscriptions4#acc--,rawl9son1 i4 #agb-agd4 #acc ,not)/&+ 8 /ature1 beauty1 h&1 & voice1 :i* con/itute1 tak5 toge!r1 a pr\d appe>ance1 x seems z if ,m>s _h /ood l[] 9 ! m9d ( ,hom] ?an any ,olympian deity :o takes "p 9 ! ,trojan w>1 except ,v5us only4--,glad/one's ,hom]1 ii4 #bbe4 ,i mu/ draw att5tion also to ! rem>kable abs5ce "h ( all ! mono!i/ic epi!ts we %all f9d atta*$ to ,ana1 ,enu1 & ,hoa4#acd #acd ,vide infra1 next *ap4 ix4 ,let u n[ turn to ! !ory :i* is mo/ 9 ! asc5dant1 & :i* pr(esses to see 9 ! old my?ological leg5ds only ! ?\ghts & metaphors ( a my?ic p]iod4 ,?is !ory1 :i* 0 ,mr ,max ,mll]'s 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 be+ n only exclusively drawn f ! conclusions ( philology1 b also exclusive 9 itself1 _c be any:]e /rong] ?an its weake/ po9t4 ,if x is %[n 9 ! in/ance ( "o prim>y my?1 t x 0 ! embodim5t ( an hi/orical leg5d1 or !ological belief1 ! :ole ideal /ructure ( a my?ic p]iod mu/ collapse2 = ! rejection ( eclecticism 9 any =m1 :i* w\ld embrace a ,biblical or euhem]i/ic int]pretation ( ! my?s1 is at ! f\ndation ( ,mr ,max ,mll]'s idea1 &1 inde$1 w\ld be incompatible ) ! !ory ( a my?ic p]iod su* z he conceives x4 ,! connection ( ,nimrod ) ,n]gal 9 ! ,assyrian my?ology1 ( ,n]gal ) _! planet ,n]ig1 & ( ! ,semitic "n ( ! god ,aria ) ! ,greek ,greek3 ,ars & ! ,lat9 ,m>s1 mu/1 ,i ?9k1 =m a *a9 ( evid5ce de/9$ to emb>ass ,mr ,max ,mll] & ,mr ,cox3 =1 ap>t f ! num]\s po9ts ( contact ( ! ,assyrian & ,egyptian ) ! ,greek my?ologies1 x c h>dly be cont5d$ t !re 0 a my?ic p]iod = ! ,aryan :i* 0 n common to ! :ole human race4 ,x w\ld be natural to suppose1 t a my?ology :i* 0 g5]at$ 9 a my?ic p]iod--:i* 0 ! inv5tion ( mank9d 9 a peculi> /ate ( ! imag9ation--w\ld h be5 develop$ 9 its fulness & complet5ess1 l ,m9]va />t+ f ! bra9 ( ,jupit]1 & w\ld h borne ! evid5ce ( its orig9 9 ! symmetry ( its =m4 ,mr ,max ,mll]1 on ! contr>y1 seems to yield ! :ole position1 9 :at1 f 8 po9t ( view1 looks l an inadv]t5t phrase1 t !re 7 my?s be=e !re 0 a my?ology4 ,x is n t ! view is n true1 or t x is inconsi/5t ) 8 analysis ( ! my?s1 b t x is s p]fectly consi/5t ) ours6 ,incongruity1 su* z w\ld come f ! confusion ( sep>ate my?s1 w\ld be no difficulty = u2 b x is h>d to und]/& h[ m]e fragm5t>y leg5ds--sometimes attractive1 b m frequ5tly repulsive & revolt+1 hav+ no hold on :at is ne>e/ ! he>t ( a p1 ! traditions ( its pa/--%\ld h be5 s t5aci\sly pres]v$ = s long a "t "u su* diff]5t conditions 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ,sol> leg5ds1 spun out ( confus$ metaphors1 seem an inadequate explanation1 unless we also suppose idolatry ( ! sun4 ,9 t case1 ! my?ology1 9 s f> z x 0 sol>1 w\ld prec$e ! my?s2 9 o!r words1 ! my?s w\ld be radiations f a c5tral idea4 ,t 9 ! day :5 mank9d prev>icat$ aft] ?is fa%ion1 & committ$ ! act ( idolatry 9 _! he>ts1 ev]y?+1 f ! ph5om5a ( nature to ! remote ev5ts ( _! hi/ory1 w\ld come "u ! influ5ce ( a new set ( ideas may be easily conceiv$4 ,at su* a p]iod--& ! comm5cem5t ( ^! ?+s at lea/ 0 n impossible 9 ! days :51 9 ! _s ( mi/ru/ or defiance1 m5 drew toge!r to build ! city & t[] 9 ! pla9 ( ,s5na> 7,%9>7--mu* ( :at ,mr ,cox supposes to h be5 ! common p>lance ( mank9d becomes natural1 & a my?ic p]iod )9 ^! limits conceivable4 ,b su* a !ory w\ld n necess>ily be exclusive ( o!r =ms ( idolatry--z1 = in/ance1 ! wor%ip ( ance/ors--:il/ x might cle> up obscure po9ts 9 ! evid5ce :i* t5ds to e/abli% ! latt]4 ,! !ory1 h[ev]1 mu/ embrace _m %ades & gradations--f ! ,hamitic extreme to ! protomy?s1 :i* 9 "t obscur$ ! mono!ism ( ! ,aryan ( anci5t ,greece1 & ( ! ,p]uvian ,incas4 7p4 #cjd47 ,?is w\ld seem1 unless !y ignore all difficulties1 a bett] /&po9t = ^? :o ?9k1 ?r\gh ! application ( ! sol> leg5ds1 to unlock almo/ all ! secrets ( my?ologies2 & any !ory connect$ ) ! sun & sun-wor%ip has ?is advantage1 t x c be ext5d$ to ev]y?+ "u ! sun6 ,x is suffici5tly obvi\s t no sy/em c be held to h settl$ ^! que/ions1 :i*1 if !re 7 my?s be=e !re 0 a my?ology1 does n appropriate ^! antec$5t my?s1 or exclude c\nt] explanations2 & x is equally cle> t !re c h be5 no my?ology ( :i* ! sol> leg5ds 7 ! (fspr+1 if ! leg5ds embody ?\ghts :i* transc5d ! my?ology2 & no my?ic p]iod if !y te/ify to facts & ideas incompatible ) its exi/5ce4 ,all[+ = a c]ta9 confusion aris+ out ( polyonomy1 ?is sort ( confusion1 if !re 7 no?+ else1 ought n to baffle ! +5uity ( exp]ts l ,mr ,max ,mll] & ,mr ,cox4 ,su* complications %\ld be z easily dis5tangl$ z ! sup]add$ figures 9 ,egyptian *ronology 7vide *apt] vi47 :5 ! key has be5 f\nd4 ,b does ,mr ,max ,mll] pr(ess to h br\ght ! v>i\s leg5ds into h>mony8 ,on ! contr>y 7ii4 #adb71 he frankly admits--,mu*1 no d\bt1 rema9s to be done1 & ev5 ) ! assi/ance ( ! ,v$a1 ! :ole ( ,greek my?ology w nev] be deciph]$ & translat$4 ,i h no wi% to pu% an admission unfairly1 b ?is appe>s to me fatal z reg>ds ! argum5t ) :i* ,i am deal+4#ace ,if !re are my?s :i* nev] w be deciph]$1 ?is mu/ be because !y h _h "s non-a/ral or non-sol> orig91 :i* ,i consid] to be almo/ equival5t to say+ t !y mu/ h _h "s pre-a/ral orig94 ,:at t precise orig9 0 ,i ?9k ,i h be5 able suffici5tly to indicate 9 italicis+ ! subjo9$ s5t5ces f ,mr ,max ,mll]4 ,if ^! enigmas c be %[n to be /rictly local & ,grecian1 cadit qu/io2 b if !y are common to o!r my?ologies1 & ^! ! olde/1 ,i mu/ say !y h ! look ( antec$5t exi/5ce4 ,at any rate1 l ^? inconv5i5t b\ld]s 9 ! s& & gravel /rata1 !y require ! int]v5tion ( "s glacial p]iod to acc\nt = !m4#acf #ace ,mr ,cox 7,my?ology1 p4 xiv47 says--,my?ology1 z we call x n[1 is simply a collection ( ! say+s by :i* m51 once ^u a "t1 describ$ :atev] !y saw or he>d 9 ! c\ntries :]e !y liv$4 ,?is key1 :i* has unlock$ almo/ all ! secrets ( my?ology1 0 plac$ 9 our h&s by ,pr(essor ,max ,mll]1 :o has done m ?an all o!r writ]s to br+ out ! exquisite & t\*+ poetry :i* und]lies ^? anci5t leg5ds4 ,he has %[n u t 9 ?is1 _! fir/ %ape1 ^! say+s 7 all p]fectly natural1 & m>vell\sly beautiful & true4 ,we see ! lovely ev5+ twilight die out1 c4444 ,!y said t ! beautiful ,eurydice1 c4 7vide infra1 p4 #agc74 ,x w\ld appe>1 h[ev]1 f ,mr ,cox's m ext5d$ "w1 ,! ,my?ology ( ! ,aryan ,nations1 t ! say+s ( mank9d 9 ! my?ic p]iod did n ext5d to speculations z to _! orig9 & de/9y1 or embrace ! facts ( _! hi/ory1 or ! de$s ( _! ance/ors1 b t _! :ole conv]se 0 ^u ! sun & moon1 & ! ph5om5a ( ! outw>d _w4 #acf ,mr ,max ,mll] makes ! di/9ction betwe5 primitive or organic leg5ds 7& x is to ^! ,i wi% to limit ! discussion7 & ! second1 ^? :i* 7 import$ 9 lat] times f "o lit]ature to ano!r4444 ,! =m] repres5ts "o common anci5t /ratum ( language & ?\ght rea*+ f ,india to ,europe2 ! latt] consi/ ( b\ld]s ( v>i\s /rata c>ri$ along by natural & artificial means f "o c\ntry to ano!r 7ii4 #bde74 ,x is cle> t ,mr ,max ,mll] looks = h>mony 9 8 sy/em--,we naturally look back to ! sc5es on :i* ! curta9 ( ! pa/ has fall51 = we believe t !re ought to be "o ?\ght p]vad+ ! :ole drama ( mank9d4 ,& "h hi/ory /eps 91 & gives u ! ?read :i* connects ! pres5t ) ! pa/ 7p4 #g74 ,:y x 0 t h>mony 0 n atta9$ seems to be disclos$1 if we read ! passage 9 our s5se & ) a c]ta9 transposition ( p>ts1 at p4 #c--,!re 7 at ,a!ns !n1 z !re h be5 at all times & 9 all c\ntries1 m5 :o _h no s5se = ! miracul\s & sup]natural1 & :o1 )\t hav+ ! moral c\rage to d5y altoge!r :at !y c\ld n br+ !mselves to believe1 endeav\r$ to f9d "s plausible explanation by :i* ! sacr$ leg5ds :i* tradition _h h&$ d[n to !m1 & :i* _h be5 hall[$ by religi\s obs]vances1 & sanction$ by ! au?ority ( ! law1 might be br\ght into h>mony ) ! dictates ( reason & ! laws ( nature4 7,comp>e ) infra1 p4 #cea1 ,ma9e47 ,i h already h9t$ t a fur!r consid]ation appe>s to me to incapacitate ! !ory ( nature-wor%ip1 9 any ( its disguises1 f be+ tak5 z ! exclusive1 or ev5 ! primitive =m ( idolatry1 or ( p]v]t$ tradition2 & x is ?is1--t all ! explanations1 ev5 ! mo/ +5i\s1 ev5 ^? :i* w\ld be acc\nt$ primitive & organic1 h _! c\nt] explanations1 traceable 9 ! corruptions ( tru? & ! p]v]sions ( h]o-wor%ip4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! "n ,zeus1 :i* is 9 evid5ce ( ! primitive mono!ism1 & :i* /ood 9 ,greece1 z ,il or ,ra 9 ,assyria1 = ! true ,"l & ,god1 & :i* has its equival5ts 9 ,dyaus 7f ! ,sanscrit ^w :i* means 'to %9e'72 ,dyaus-pat] 7,zeus-pat]71 ,jupit]2 ,tiu 7,anglo-,saxon1 :5ce ,tuesday72 & ,zia 7,high ,g]man7--vide ,cox's ,my?ology4 ,:at m natural ?an to associate ! ,almighty ) ! heav5 :]e ,he dwelt8 ,mr ,max ,mll] 7,comp>ative ,my?41 ,*ips1 ii4 #gb7 says--,?us ,greek3 ,zeus1 be+ orig9ally a "n ( ! sky1 l ! ,sanscrit ,dyaus1 became gradually a prop] "n1 :i* betray$ its appellative mean+ only 9 a few prov]bial expressions1 su* z ,greek3 ,zeus hyei1 or sub ,jove frigido4 ,tak+ ?is passage 9 connection ) :at is said 7p4 #adh1 ( ,welck]7--,:5 we asc5d ) him to ! mo/ di/ant heights ( ,greek hi/ory1 ! idea ( ,god z ! ,supreme ,be+ /&s be=e u z a simple fact4 ,next to ! adoration ( "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r ( heav51 ! ,fa!r ( m51 we f9d 9 ,greece a wor%ip ( nature4 ,i conclude t ,mr ,max ,mll] means1 z ,mr ,cox means1 t ! names1 ,zeus or ,dyaus1 0 appli$ to ! "o true ,god1 ^: exi/5ce 0 o!rwise & previ\sly kn[n to !m4#acg ,at />t+1 !re=e1 we f9d t ! language borr[$ f nature 0 only call$ 9 to give a col\r+ & expression to a previ\sly kn[n & famili> tru?2 & "h1 too1 we also see ! comm5cem5t ( incongruity4 ,! simple idea ( ! heav5s might h be5 h>moni\sly ext5d$ by ! imag9ation2 b1 complicat$ ) ! idea ( p]sonality1 x gave bir? to ! awkw>d & incongru\s expression1 ,greek3 ,zes huei1 or sub ,jove frigido1 a phrase :i* nev] c\ld h be5 orig9at$ by ! ,grecian m9d1 unless ! p]sonality ( ,jove _h be5 ! idea mo/ prom95tly be=e ! m9d4 ,b if ! k ( ! ,deity1 or ev5 ! conception ( ! p]sonality ( ,zeus 0 op]ative 9 ! my?ic p]iod1 x mu/ h be5 op]ative to ! ext5t ( embody+ :at 0 kn[n or recollect$ ( 8 deal+s 9 love & ang] ) mank9d1 9 ! leg5ds :i* !y wove1 & also ( bl5d+ !m ) ! confusions :i* polyonomy occasion$4 ,! introduction ( ?is elem5t w\ld s]i\sly emb>ass ,mr ,cox1 & w\ld give to ,mr ,glad/one's explanation an priori probability4 #acg ,mr ,max ,mll]1 9 8 essay on ,semitic ,mono!ism1 :5 oppos+ ,m4 ,r5an's view t ! mono!ism ( ! ,semitic race 0 in/9ctive1 seems to say ?is /ill m explicitly--,he ?und]s & ,dyaus ?und]s became synonym\s expressions2 & by ! m]e habit ( spee* ,he became ,dyaus & ,dyaus became ,he 7,*ips1 i4 #ceh74 ,at fir/ ! names ( ,god1 c41 7 hone/ attempts at express+ or repres5t+ an idea :i* c\ld nev] f9d adequate expression or repres5tation4444 ,if ! ,greeks _h rememb]$ t ,zeus 0 b a "n or symbol ( ! ,deity1 !re w\ld h be5 no m h>m 9 call+ ,god by t "n ?an by any o!r 7#cei74 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t aft] ! "n ( ,zeus1 or ,dyaus1 sky1 _h be5 adopt$1 !y /ill reta9$ ! conception ( ! ,div9e nature & p]sonality1 z is evid5c$ 9 ! words ( ! oracle ( ,dodona--,greek3 ,zes n1 ,zeus /n1 ,zeus essetai megale ,zeu1--,he 01 ,he is1 ,he w be1 ,o great ,zeus6 ,also 7ii4 #ae7 9 ! ,orphic l9es-- ,zeus is ! beg9n+1 ,zeus ! middle2 ,out ( ,zeus all ?+s h be5 made4 ,if we are agre$ ^u ?is1 !n ,i h no cont5tion ) ,mr ,max ,mll]2 b ) ,max ,mll] z an auxili>y1 ,i direct my argum5t to ! attack ( ,dr ,doll+]'s position 7,! ,g5tile & ! ,jew1 ,i4 ,b4 ii4 p4 #fd7--,! beg9n+s ( ,greek poly!ism1 viz41 ! deification ( ,nature & h] p[]s1 or ( p>ticul> s5sible objects1 lay at ! root ( all ! hea!n religions1 z !y exi/$ f old "t1 among/ ! nations n[ unit$ "u ! ,roman empire4 ,accord+ to ,mr ,lewes 7,hi/4 ( ,phil41 i4 #dd71 x 0 ,x5ophanes :o fir/ confus$ ! sky ) ! ,deity--,ov]>*+ him 0 ! deep blue inf9ite vault1 immovable & un*angeable1 embrac+ him & all ?+s--t he proclaim$ to be ,god4 7,contra/ ! ,p]uvian tradition1 infra1 p4 #cjd47 ,/ ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7,/rom4 v4 p4 #fja1 ,max ,mll]1 *apt] i4 p4 #cff47 says1 on ! contr>y1 t ,x5ophanes ma9ta9$ t !re 0 b "o ,god1 & t he 0 n l unto m51 ei!r 9 body or m9d4 ,take1 aga91 ! foll[+ passage f ,mr ,max ,mll] 7p4 #ajg7--,! idea ( a "y h]o1 :e!r he is call$ ,baldr1 or ,sigurd1 or ,sigrit1 or ,a*illes1 or ,meleag]1 or ,kephalos1 dy+ 9 ! fulness ( y\?--a /ory s frequ5tly told1 localis$1 & individualis$--0 fir/ sugge/$ by ! sun dy+ 9 all 8 y\?ful vig\r1 ei!r at ! end ( a day1 conqu]$ by ! p[]s ( d>kness1 or at ! end ( ! sunny season1 /ung by ! ?orn ( w9t]4 ,"h is a my? evid5tly v widely diffus$4 ,let x be int]pret$ by :at is told u at p4 #ajh-- ,baldr1 9 ! ,sc&9avian ,edda1 ! div9e prototype ( ,sigurd & ,sigrit1 is belov$ by ! :ole _w4 ,gods & m51 ! :ole ( nature1 all t gr[s & lives1 _h sworn to 8 "m n to hurt ! bright h]o4 ,! mi/letoe alone1 t does n gr[ on ! e>?1 b on trees1 _h be5 =gott51 & ) x ,baldr 0 kill$ at ! w9t] sol/ice4444 ,baldr1 :om no weapon pi]c$ or clove1 ,b 9 8 brea/ /ood fix'd ! fatal b\gh ,( mi/letoe1 :i* ,lok1 ! accus]1 gave ,to ,hod]1 & ! unwitt+ ,hod] ?rew2 ',ga9/ t alone _h ,baldr's life no *>m4 ,?us ,inf5diy>1 9 ! ,p]sian epic1 _c be w\nd$ by any weapon4444 ,all ^! are fragm5ts ( sol> my?s4 ,"o h>dly likes to di/urb su* illusions4 ,sol> my?s6 well1 all[ me at lea/ to repeat ! hi/ory :i* seems to me s v l ?is my?4 ,_m c5turies ago1 9 a beautiful g>d5 :i* a concurr5ce ( tradition places some:]e 9 ,c5tral ,asia1 a man1 ! fir/ man ( our race1 fram$ accord+ to ! div9e prototype1 dwelt belov$ by ! :ole _w4 ,god & ! angels1 & ! :ole ( nature--all t gr[s & lives1 7 agre$ t no?+ %\ld d him h>m4 ,"o fruit or gr[? alone--! mi/letoe x may h be5--some?+ t does n gr[ on ! e>?1 b on trees1 0 except$2 & x 0 told to ?is man1 ^: "n 0--b we w n anticipate--t on ! day on :i* he t\*$ ?is fruit he %\ld die ! dea?4 ,x s came ab\t t ! accus]1 :om "s call ! s]p5t1 _h previ\sly h&$ x to 8 companion1 & 8 unwitt+ companion gave x to him4 ,he took x1 & he di$4 ,aga9/ t fatal b\gh 8 life _h no *>m4 ,no weapon pi]c$ or clove him2 = ,baldr--,i %\ld say ,adam--0 invuln]able1 z 0 ,a*illes & ,meleag]1 except 9 "o s+le respect4 ,i believe t in/ances might be indef9itely multipli$4 ,i %all cont5t myself1 h[ev]1 ) ! foll[+1 :i* ,i ?9k w be g5]ally consid]$ among ! happie/ illu/rations ( nature wor%ip4#ach #ach ,grant+ ! t5d5cy to nature-wor%ip1 ,i conclude t ! conspicu\s lum9>ies ( ! heav5s w\ld become prim>y objects ( su* wor%ip4 ,9 amus+ illu/ration ( ?is ,i rememb] a fri5d ( m9e tell+ me t he happ5$ to ask a "y lad1 ! son ( "o ( 8 t5ants1 :o _h j return$ f a voyage to ! ,nor!rn seas1 h[ he lik$ 8 capta98 ,he said1 ,oh1 he 0 an awful man--he swore by ! sun1 moon1 & />s4 ,/ill less d ,i d5y ! t5d5cy to sun-wor%ip4 ,x 01 z ,gibbon tells u 7ii4 #dch1 iii4 #aej71 ! la/ sup]/ition ,con/ant9e ab&on$ be=e 8 conv]sion1 & ! fir/ to :i* ,julian betook himself aft] 8 apo/acy4 ,x may1 moreov]1 be urg$1 t ! sun figures 9 all ^! leg5ds4 ,i say1 on ! o!r h&1 s also does ! s]p5t4 ,?is s]p5t may be ! s]p5t ( d>kness1 & /ill be ! s]p5t ( tradition1 b h[ d>kness or night is aptly p]sonifi$ by a s]p5t ,i am at a loss to p]ceive4 ,!n aga9 ! sun may always be only ! symbol ( :at is bright & heav5ly4 ,b :5 7,max ,mll]1 ii4 #aga7 we see ?is s]p5t ,zohak1 call$ by ! ,p]sians by ! "n ( ,dehak1 i4e41 t5 evils1 because he introduc$ t5 evils into ! _w1 we _c help recall+ ! pr(ane expressions attribut$ to ! devil :5 he saw ! t5 comm&m5ts--proscrib+ ! t5 evils 9 "q4 ,& z x is ) ?is sad & beautiful tale ( ,orpheus & ,euridike 7,euridice74 ,! /ory ( ,euridice 0 ?is--',euridice 0 bitt5 by a s]p5t1 %e dies1 & desc5ds into ! l[] regions4 ,orpheus foll[s h]1 & obta9s f ! gods t 8 wife %\ld foll[ him if he promis$ n to look back1 c4' ,x reads to me l a sad rem9isc5ce ( ,adam & ,eve4 ,mr ,max ,mll] proce$s--'s x is ) all ^? :i* may seem to y co>se1 or dull1 or ugly4 ,!y are s only because ! real mean+ ( ! names has be5 half-=gott5 or :olly lo/4 ,o,edipus & ,p]seus 7vide ,app5dix71 we are told1 kill$ _! p>5ts1 b x 0 only because ! sun 0 said to kill ! d>kness f :i* x seem$ to spr+4'#aci #aci ,mr ,max ,mll] may p]haps lay /ress ^u ! circum/ance t ,baldr dies at ! w9t] sol/ice4 ,b ?is equally be>s out ! tradition notic$ by ,l5ormant1 t imm$iately aft] ! ,fall1 !re came ^u ! _w a great cold4 7,vide supra1 *4 vii47 ,b :y is d>kness call$ ! p>5t ( ! sun1 & n r light ! p>5t ( d>kness8 & :y n a contr>y leg5d f\nd$ on ?is surmise8 ,is x m]ely accid5tal t ! metaphor is n rev]s$8 ,comp>e ! above speculation ( ,mr ,max ,mll]'s ) ! foll[+ passage f ,ga9et1 ,hi/4 de l',anci54 ,n\v4 ,te/41 i42 ,les ,s\v5irs du g5re ,huma91 p4 #gi3-- ,*aos 0 plac$ at ! comm5cem5t ( all ?+s 9 ! ,pho5ician cosmogony 7,euseb4 ,prp4 ,evan4 l4 i471 z 9 t ( ,hesiod 7,!og41 p4 #e74 ,! latt] calls ^u ! ,muses to tell him :at 7 ! be+s t appe>$ fir/ 9 exi/5ce1 & he replies--',at ! comm5cem5t ( all ?+s 0 ,*aos1 & f ,*aos 0 born ,erebus & d>k night4' ,?us1 9 ! ord] ( exi/5ce1 z 9 ! ord] ( "t1 !re is a concurr5ce ( pr(ane tradition to place night be=e day4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! ,sc&9avians1 ! ,gauls1 ! ,g]mans1 ! ,kalmucks1 ! ,numidians1 ! ,egyptians1 & ,a!nians1 accord+ to ,v>ro & ,macrobius1 c\nt _! days1 comm5c+ ) sunset & n ) sunrise4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 9 ano!r *apt] on a diff]5t subject1 ,mr ,max ,mll] enables me to cl9* ?is argum5t aga9/ himself4 ,9 an article on ! ,norsem5 9 ,icel&1 he says--9 pro( ( ! g5u95ess ( ! ,edda--,!re are passages 9 ! ,edda :i* s\nd l v]ses f ! ,v$a4 ,b :at are ^! v]ses f ! ends ( ! e>? :i* are id5tical8 ,let u li/5-- ',twas ! morn+ ( "t ,:5 yet naught 01 ,nor s& nor sea 7 !re1 ,nor cool+ /reams2 ,e>? 0 n =m$1 ,nor ,heav5 above2 ,a yawn+ gap !re 01 ,& grass n[h]e4#adj #adj ,f ! ,eld] ,edda4 7,quot$ f ,dr ,das5t's ,norsem5 9 ,icel&4 ,ox=d ,essays1 #aheh47 ,"u ^! conditions1 ,i ?9k x w be conc$$ t !re 0 also d>kness--& !re=e1 t ! tradition ( ! prec$5ce ( *aos & d>kness is confirm$4 ,a hymn1 cont9ues ,mr ,max ,mll]1 ( ! ,v$a beg9s 9 a v simil> way-- ,nor aught1 nor naught exi/$2 yon bright sky ,0 n1 nor ,heav5's broad ro( out/ret*'d above1 ,:at cov]'d all8 :at %elt]'d8 :at conceal'd8 ,0 x ! wat]s' fa?omless abyss8 c4 ,mr ,max ,mll] adds1 ,!re are sev]al my?ological expressions common to ! ,edda & ,hom]4 ,9 ! ,edda1 man is said to h be5 creat$ out ( an a% tree4 ,9 ,hesiod1 ,zeus creat$ ! ?ird race ( m5 out ( a% trees1 & t ?is tradition 0 n unkn[n to ,hom] we le>n f ,p5elope's address to ,ulysses--,tell me ?y family f :5ce ?\ art3 = ?\ art n sprung f ! old5 trees1 or f ! rocks 7,max ,mll]1 ii4 #aie74 ,! tradition ab\t ! a% tree 9 ,hesiod1 ,hom]1 & ! ,edda1#ada is curi\s b inexplicable3 ! g5]al drift ( ! tradition may be det]m9$ by ! recollection ( two facts--t man 0 creat$1 & t a tree 0 insep>ably connect$ ) 8 hi/ory f its e>lie/ comm5cem5t4 ,b ,i h quot$ ! passage m especially ) ref]5ce to its confirmation ( ! extract f ,ga9et1 :i* atte/s ! wide-spread tradition--s exactly 9 accordance ) ! cosmogony ( ,scripture--t ,*aos 0 at ! comm5cem5t ( all ?+s1 & t d>kness exi/$ be=e light4#adb ,i conclude by ask+ :y ?is %\ld be8 ,:5 we are 9 ! mid/ ( sol> & a/ral sy/ems & leg5ds1 x seems natural t a !ory ( cosmogony %\ld comm5ce ) light r ?an d>kness--at lea/1 z well t x %\ld comm5ce ) light z ) d>kness4 ,b no1 ! univ]sal tradition seems aga9/ x4 ,mu* m /range is ?is if we connect ! sol> & a/ral leg5ds ) any sy/em ( ,sabaism4 ,^! consid]ations make x pla9 to me t ! sol> & a/ral leg5ds embodi$ ant]ior traditions4 #ada ,:at is /ill m rem>kable1 ! same tradition is f\nd 9 ! ,popol ,vul 7,mexican traditions71 & z x is !re giv51 fits 9 /ill m exactly ) ! solution ,i h sugge/$4 ,x is !re said t ! fir/ race ( m5 7 creat$ out ! e>?1 ! ?ird out ( a tree call$ ,tzit4,b ,if ! ,popol ,vul came "u ,*ri/ian or ,european influ5ces 9 ! #ag? c5tury1 x w\ld h be5 m likely to h be5 br\ght into h>mony ) ! ,bible1 r ?an ) ei!r ,hom]1 ,hesiod1 or ! ,edda4 ,let u pursue ! my? a little fur!r4 ,mr ,w4 ,k4 ,kelly1 ,indo-,europ4 ,tradition & ,folklore 7vide ,max ,mll]1 ii4 #aig7 says1 ,?is heal+ virtue1 :i* ! mi/letoe %>es ) ! a%1 is a long desc5d$ tradition1 = ! ,ku%?a 444 a heal+ plant1 0 "o t grew b5ea? ! heav5ly ,asvat?a1 :i* is else:]e call$ ! imp]i%able ,asvat?a or ,peepul 7,ficus religiosus71 out ( :i* ! immortals %ap$ ! heav5 & ! e>?1 :i* leg5d ,mr ,kelly fur!r traces 9 ! ,g]man ,yggdrasil 7al?\gh ,mr ,max ,mll] f 8 own po9t ( view diss5ts72 at ! foot ( :i* tree 7p4 #bjg7 lies ! s]p5t ,nidhggr1 & gnaws its roots4 ,nei!r ,mr ,max ,mll] nor ,mr ,kelly discuss ! po9t ) ref]5ce to ! view sugge/$ above4 ,b ,tiki 0 ! great prog5itor among ,new ,zeal&]s4--,%ortl&1 p4 #ef4 #adb ,g54 i4 #a1 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ heav5 & e>?4 #b4 ,& ! e>? 0 void & empty1 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep2 & ! _s ( ,god mov$ ov] ! wat]s4 #e4 ,& ,he call$ ! light day & ! d>kness night2 & !re 0 ev5+ & morn+ "o day4 ,9 addition to ! in/ances adduc$ by ,ga9et1 x w be rememb]$ t ! ,jewi% sabba? 0 f ev5+ to ev5+1 & ) u ! a/ronomical day comm5ces at noon1 & ! comm5cem5t & t]m9ation ( ! civil day at mean midnight4 ,9 ! second ,*9ese dyna/y ! day comm5c$ at mid-day4 ,wei-,wang1 ! f\nd] ( ! ?ird dyna/y1 fix$ x at midnight4 7,buns5's ,egypt1 vol4 iii4 p4 #cij47 ,9 ! ,pho5ician cosmogony ! beg9n+ ( all 0 a d>k & /ormy atmosph]e1 ?ick1 unfa?omable black *aos4 7,vide ,buns5's ,egypt1 iv4 #agf47 ,! ,new ,zeal&]s h pres]v$ ! tradition ) /ill great] di/9ctness4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( "t 0 ,te ,po 7! night or d>kness74 ,9 ! g5]ations t foll[$ ,te ,po came ,te ,ao 7! light7 c41 c4 7,vide ,%ortl&'s ,traditions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #ee47 ,vide ,glad/one1 ,hom]1 ii4 #aee2 ,cox1 ,my?ology ( ,aryan ,nations1 i4 #ae1 on ! relation ( ,phoibos to ,leto4 ,?is is precisely ! relation 9 :i* ! my?ical night /ood to ! day :i* 0 to be born ( h]4 ,vide on ?is po9t ,wilk9son's ,anci5t ,egyptians 7,i4 *ap4 xiii47 ,! ,mygale1 says ,*ampollion1 receiv$ div9e hon\rs by ! ,egyptians1 because x is bl9d1 & d>kness is m anci5t ?an light4 ,! ,arabs h ! expression night & day 7vide ,wilk9son74 ,ari/otle says ,! !ologians consid] all ?+s to h be5 born ( night4 ,! ,orphean fragm5ts call night ! ,g5esis ( all ?+s4444 ,! ,anglo-,saxons also1 l ! ,ea/]n nations1 began _! computations ( "t f night1 & ! ye>s f t day correspond+ ) our ,*ri/mas1 :i* !y call$ ,"m ,night1 & ! ,otaheitans ref] ! exi/5ce ( _! pr9cipal deities to a /ate ( d>kness1 :i* !y consid] ! orig9 ( all ?+s4 7,vide ,g54 i4 #b1 #c2 id4 p4 #bgc-d47 ,i ?9k ,mr ,max ,mll] w at lea/ recognise !m z spots on ! disk ( 8 sol> !ory1 & :i* mu/ ev] rema9 obscure to ^? :o refuse ! light ( ,scripture & tradition4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,o$ipus1 ,,p]seus4 ,"h aga91 ! explanation ( ,mr ,max ,mll]1 si non vrai e/ vraisemblable1 & yet ,i _c help see+ t ! leg5ds ( ,p]seus & ,,oedipus may j z well be suppos$ to embody primitive tradition4 ,let u read ! hi/ories ( ,o,edipus & ,p]seus 9 ! light ( ! tradition conc]n+ ,lame* 7,g54 iv4 #bc1 #bd74 ,& ,lame* said to 8 wives1 ,adah & ,zillah 444 ,i h sla9 a man to ! w\nd+ ( myself1 & a /ripl+ to my own bruis+4 ,sev5fold v5geance %all be tak5 = ,ca91 b = ,lame* sev5ty times sev5fold4 ,! note to ! ,d\ay edition says--,x is ! tradition ( ! ,hebrews t ,lame*1 9 hunt+1 slew ,ca91 mi/ak+ him = a wild bea/1 & t hav+ discov]$ :at he _h done1 he beat s unm]cifully ! y\? by :om he 0 l$ into t mi/ake t he di$ ( ! bl[s4 ,o,edipus 0 ! son ( ,laius1 :o _h supplant$ 8 bro!r4 ,o,edipus 0 expos$ to de/ruction z soon z born1 because 8 fa!r _h be5 w>n$ t he mu/ p]i% by ! h& ( 8 son1--b 0 rescu$ & br\ght up by %eph]ds4 ,he>+ f ! oracle ( ,delphi 7! tradition is ( c\rse localis$71 t if he return$ home he mu/ necess>ily be ! murd]] ( 8 fa!r1 he avoid$ ! h\se ( ,polybus1 ! only home he knew (1 & travell$ t[>ds ,phocis 7f we/ to ea/ by ! by74 7,comp4 ) infra1 p4 #aid47 ,he met ,laius1 8 fa!r1 9 a n>r[ road4 ,laius haughtily ord]$ ,o,edipus to make way = him1 :i* provok$ an enc\nt]1 9 :i* ,laius & 8 arm\r-be>] 7 sla94 ,o!r circum/ances1 ei!r sep>ate traditions ( ! same ev5t1 or di/9ct leg5ds1 are no d\bt mix$ up 9 ! n>ration1 b /ill f\r facts rema9 z a residuum available = ! comp>ison4 ,o,edipus 0 ! son1 z ,lame* 0 ! gr&son1 ( "o :o supplant$ 8 bro!r1 bo? kill _! respective prog5itors1 & 9 ! casual enc\nt] 9 :i* 9 bo? in/ances ! trag$y occurr$1 two p]sons 7 sla94 ,9 ?is !re is a fair outl9e ( resemblance4 ,9 ! leg5d ( ,p]seus1 c]ta9ly ! leg5d is m indi/9ct1 et1 9 "o po9t1 t he inadv]t5tly kill$ 8 gr&fa!r1 ! co9cid5ce is p]fect4 ,& x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t x is n a "q ( absolute b ( comp>ative resemblance--9 fact1 a *oice betwe5 a my?ical or an hi/orical1 an a/ral or a scriptural solution1 & :5 y come to degrees ( relation%ip1 ! a/ral or sol> explanation becomes m att5uat$ at ea* remove1--! fa!r ( ! sun may be metaphorically intelligible1 b ! gr&fa!r ( ! sun6 ,i see fur!r trace ( ! tradition ( ,lame* 9 ! ,phrygian leg5d ( ,adra/us1 some:at confus$ 9 ! tradition ( ,ca91 & 9 "s po9ts rev]s$4 ,adra/us1 ! son ( ! ,phrygian k+1 _h inadv]t5tly kill$ 8 bro!r1 & 0 9 consequ5ce expell$ by 8 fa!r & depriv$ ( ev]y?+4 ,:il/ an exile at ! c\rt ( ,croesus1 he 0 s5t out ) ,pr9ce ,atys z gu>dian to deliv] ! c\ntry f a wild bo>4 ,adra/us _h ! mis=tune to kill ,pr9ce ,atys :ile aim+ at ! wild bea/4 ,croesus p>don$ ! un=tunate man1 z he saw 9 ?is accid5t ! w ( ! gods1 & ! fulfilm5t ( a prophecy1 b ,adra/us kill$ himself on ! tomb ( ,atys 7,h]od4 i4 #ce2 ,smi?1 ,my?4 ,dict47 ,n[ let u take up ! pro( at ano!r po9t4 ,w any "o refuse to see 9 ! foll[+ tale f ! ,ge/a ,romanorum1#adc at lea/ a m$ival corruption ( ! leg5d ( ,o,edipus3--,a c]ta9 soldi]1 call$ ,julian1 unwitt+ly kill$ 8 p>5ts4 ,= be+ ( noble blood1 & addict$ z a y\? frequ5tly is to ! sports ( ! field1 a /ag :i* he hotly pursu$ sudd5ly turn$ r\nd & address$ him--',?\ :o pursue/ me ?us fi]cely %all be ! de/ruction ( ?y p>5ts4' ,^! words greatly al>m$ ,julian4444 ,leav+1 !re=e1 8 amusem5t1 he w5t privately into a di/ant c\ntry 444 :]e he m>ries4 ,x *ances t 8 p>5ts come into t c\ntry1 & 9 8 abs5ce 7 receiv$ k9dly by 8 wife1 :o1 '9 consid]ation ( ! love %e bore h] husb&1 put !m into h] own b$1 & comm&$ ano!r to be prep>$ else:]e = h]self4' ,9 ! meantime1 ,julian return+ abruptly home & discov]+ /rang]s 9 8 b$1 9 a fit ( passion slays !m4 ,:5 he discov]s ! p>ricidal crime he exclaims--',?is accurs$ h& has murd]$ my p>5ts & fulfill$ ! horrible pr$iction :i* ,i h /ruggl$ to avoid4' #adc ,ge/a ,romanorum1 tale xviii4 ,swan4 ,riv+tons #ahbd4 ,n[1 ,i submit t ?is is n a great] di/ortion ( ! classical /ories ( ,o,edipus1 ,adra/us1 c41 ?an are ! classical leg5ds ( ! biblical traditions ( ,ca9 & ,lame*4 ,= fur!r trace read ,buns51 iv4 #bce1 also1 #bec1 #bed4 ,mr ,cox 7,my?ology ( ,aryan ,nations7 says3--,! names ,!seus1 ,p]seus1 ,oidip\s1 _h all be5 m]e epi!ts ( "o & ! same be+2 b :5 !y ceas$ to be m]e appellatives1 ^! creations ( my?ical spee* 7 reg>d$ n only z diff]5t p]sons1 b z be+s 9 no way connect$ ) ea* o!r4444 ,nay1 ! leg5ds int]-*ange ! me?od by :i* ! p>5ts seek ! dea? ( _! *ildr52 = !re 7 tales :i* n>rat$ t ,oidip\s 0 %ut up 9 an ark :i* 0 wa%$ a%ore at ,sikyon1 p4 #hj4 ,sicyon 0 ! olde/ ,greek city4 ,comp>e p4 #aeg ( ?is *41 & *4 on ,deluge4 ,?is 0 m]ely ! traditional record t ! tradition 0 pres]v$ 9 ! ,ark1 & subsequ5tly emanat$ f ,sicyon4 ,,ii4 ,,prome!us ,,& ,,h]cules ,,or ,,h]akles4 ,i h else:]e 7p4 #bjb7 allud$ to ! confusion ( ,prome!us1 z ! creator ( man1 ) ,prome!us1 ! fir/ man creat$4 ,b ! mo/ curi\s in/ance ( r$uplication is ! fur!r confusion ( :at ,i may call ! human ,prome!us1 ) 8 deliv]] ,h]cules1--,h]cules & ,prome!us bo? 9 diff]5t ways embody+ traditions ( ,adam6 ,prome!us is ! ,adam#add ( ,p>adise & ! ,fall1 ,h]cules is ,adam ! outca/ f ,p>adise1 ) 8 sk9 & club s5t =? on 8 long lab\rs & m>*es ?r\gh ! _w4 ,b h[ c ,h]cules1 :o frees ,prome!us f ! rock1 be ! same z ,prome!us :o is b\nd to ! rock8 ,if1 h[ev]1 we are entitl$ to hope t ,adam 9 ! lab\r ( 8 long exile work$ (f ! s5t5ce & expiat$ ! guilt on acc\nt ( :i* ,adam1 ! culprit1 0 s5t5c$1 may we n accept ?is z an adequate explanation8 ,is x a =c$ figure t he %\ld be said to unb9d him f ! rock1 to drive (f ! vulture :i* preys ^u him1 & ?us f9ally lib]ate him8 #add ,on ?is po9t1 t ,prome!us is ,adam1 vide ,m4 ,nicolas' ,etudes ,philos4 sur le ,*ri/41 #a4 ii4 *4 v4 #cj 7#ai? edit47 ,?is disjunction ( ,adam & sep>ate p]sonification 9 ! two p]iods ( 8 life1 be=e & aft] ! ,fall1 w accord well en\gh ) ! addition 9 "s leg5ds ( a bro!r ,epime!us1 & ,i submit t ?is explanation is z good z t 7vide ,smi?'s ,my?4 ,dict47 :i* reg>ds ! leg5d z purely allegorical1 & ,prome!us & ,epime!us z signify+ =e?\ght & aft]?\ght4 ,! travels ( ,h]cules1 x mu/ be confess$1 z traditionally record$1 are some:at ecc5tric4 ,b are !y explicable on any sol> !ory8 ,he beg9s by travell+ f we/ to ea/2 he !n proce$s s\?1 & al?\gh he trav]ses ,africa we/w>d1 he div]ges abruptly to ! nor?1 f :i* he proce$s s\?1 & ends z he began by travell+ f we/ to ea/4 ,all ?is1 h[ev]1 is p]fectly explicable if we are prep>$ to admit ,bryant's 7,my?ology1 ii4 #gj7 hi/orical surmises1 & to g along ) him s f> z to believe t ! tradition 0 ma9ly pres]v$ ?r\gh ,cu?ite or ,*usite *annels4 ,we c1 !n1 see a probability 9 ! conjecture t ! desc5dants ( ,*us1 9 pres]v+ ! tradition ( ! travels ( ,h]cules 7,h]akles71 sup]add$ or sub/itut$ ! sc5es & incid5ts ( _! own w&]+s1 aft] !y _h settl$ d[n 9 ! place ( _! f9al location4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,assyrian ,,my?ology4 ,b surely !re is no?+ improbable 9 ! supposition1 t 9 ! poems ( ,hom] su* ve/iges may be f\nd4 ,e record$ =m ( society be>s "s traces ( ^? by :i* x has be5 prec$$1 & 9 t highly primitive =m1 :i* ,hom] has be5 ! in/rum5t ( embalm+ = all po/]ity1 ! law ( g5]al reason obliges u to se>* = elem5ts & ve/iges m primitive /ill4444 ,! g5]al proposition t we may expect to f9d ! relics ( scriptural traditions 9 ! h]oic age ( ,greece1 ?\gh x leads1 if prov$1 to important practical results1 is indep5d5t ev5 ( a belief 9 ^? traditions1 z !y /& 9 ! s*eme ( reveal$ tru?4 ,!y mu/ be admitt$ to h be5 facts on e>?1 ev5 by ^? :o w\ld d5y !m to h be5 facts ( heav5ly orig91 9 ! %ape 9 :i* ,*ri/5dom receives !m2 & ! "q imm$iately be=e u is "o ( pure hi/orical probability4 ,! desc5t ( mank9d f a s+le pair1 ! lapse ( t pair f orig9al righte\sness1 are ap>t f & ult]ior to x4 ,we h trac$ ! ,greek nation to a s\rce1 & along a pa? ( migration :i* mu/ 9 all likelihood h plac$ its ance/ry1 at "s po9t or po9ts1 9 close local relations ) ! sc5es ( ! e>lie/ ,mosaic records3 ! ret5tiv5ess ( t p equall$ its receptiv5ess1 & its close & fond association ) ! pa/1 made x prone inde$ to incorporate novel matt] into its religion1 b prone also to keep x !re aft] its incorporation4 ,if su* traditions exi/$1 & if ! laws :i* guide hi/orical inquiry require or lead u to suppose t ! =efa!rs ( ! ,greeks mu/ h liv$ )9 _! circle1 !n ! burd5 ( pro( mu/ lie n s prop]ly ) ^? :o ass]t t ! traces ( !m are to be f\nd 9 ! e>lie/1 t is1 ! ,hom]ic =m ( ! ,greek my?ology1 z ) ^? :o d5y x4 ,:at became ( ^? old traditions8 ,!y mu/ h decay$ & disappe>$1 n by a sudd5 process1 b by a gradual accumulation ( ! corrupt accretions1 9 :i* at l5g? !y 7 s completely int]r$ z to be invisible & inaccessible4 ,"s p]iod1 !re=e1 !re mu/ h be5 at :i* !y w\ld rema9 cle>ly p]ceptible1 ?\gh 9 conjunction ) mu* corrupt matt]4 ,su* a p]iod might be made ! subject ( record1 & if su* !re 71 we might naturally expect to f9d x 9 ! olde/ kn[n "w ( ! anci5t lit]ature4 ,if ! poems ( ,hom] d1 h[ev]1 conta9 a picture1 ev5 ?\gh a defac$ picture1 ( ! primeval religi\s traditions1 x is obvi\s t !y af=d a mo/ valuable collat]al support to ! cr$it ( ! ,holy ,scripture1 consid]$ z a docum5t ( hi/ory4 ,/ill we mu/ n all[ ! desire ( ga9+ ?is advantage to bias ! m9d 9 an inquiry1 :i* c only be ( value if x is conduct$ accord+ to ! /ricte/ rules ( rational criticism4--,glad/one on ,tradition 9 ,hom] & ! ,hom]ic ,age1 vol4 ii4 sect4 i4 ,hav+ laid1 z ,i ?9k1 9 :at has be5 premis$ 9 ! la/ *apt]1 gr\nds = a presumption t primitive traditions may be %r\d$ 9 ! anci5t my?ology1 ,i proce$ to seek traditions ( ! patri>* ,noah among ! inscriptions & monum5ts ( ! ,*aldans2 = !n we %all f9d ourselves 9 a p]iod :5 ! results ( mod]n ar*ological sci5ce are 9 contact ) ! ev5ts & incid5ts ( primitive patri>*al life record$ 9 ,scripture2 &1 9 seek+ !m :]e we %all be/ f9d !m1 9 ! able & discrim9at+ pages ( ,rawl9son1 we %all at lea/ feel t we are tread+ on safe & solid gr\nd4 ,! deities 9 ! ,*aldan ,pan!on are ?us enum]at$ by ,pr(essor ,rawl9son-- ,! gr\p+ ( ! pr9cipal ,*aldan deities is z foll[s3--,at ! head ( ! ,pan!on /&s a god ,il or ,ra1 ( :om little is kn[n4 ,next to him is a triad1 ,ana1 ,bil or ,belus1 & ,hea or ,hoa1 :o correspond closely to ! classical ,pluto1 ,jupit]1 & ,neptune4 ,ea* ( ^! is accompani$ by a female pr9ciple or wife4444 ,!n foll[s a fur!r triad1 consi/+ ( ,s9 or ,hurki ! moon-god1 ,san or ,sanci ! sun1 & ,vul 7or ,yem1 or ,ao1 or ,91 or ,ina1 accord+ to v>i\s read+s ( ! hi]oglyphics7 ! god ( ! atmosph]e 7aga9 accompani$ by female p[]s or wives74444 ,next 9 ord] to !m we f9d a gr\p ( five m9or deities1 ! repres5tatives ( ! five planets1 ,n9 or ,n9ip 7,saturn71 ,m]oda* 7,jupit]71 ,n]gal 7,m>s71 ,i%t> 7,v5us71 & ,nebo 7,m]cury74 ,! bracket indications are ,rawl9son's4444 ,^! pr9cipal deities d n appe> to h be5 connect$ l ! ,egyptian & classical div9ities into a s+le g5ealogical s*eme 7i4 #ada74 ,9 a note at p4 #adb x is said1 ,^! s*emes !mselves 7 probably n g5ealogical at fir/ 444 b aft] a :ile giv5 to sep>ate & indep5d5t deities1 recognis$ 9 diff]5t places by di/9ct communities1 or ev5 by di/9ct races 7vide ,buns5's ,egypt1 iv4 #ff2 ,engli% ,tran47 ,n[ to ?is op9ion ,i v5ture unres]v$ly to adh]e1 & ,i connect x ) ! /atem5t 7id4 i4 #gb71 t ,*alda 9 ! e>lie/ times to :i* we c g back1 seems to h be5 inhabit$ by f\r pr9cipal tribes4 ,! e>ly k+s are cont9ually repres5t$ 9 ! monum5ts z sov]eigns ov] ! ,kiprat-arbat1 or ',f\r ,races' 7vide supra1 p4 #cj74 ,^! ',f\r ,races' are sometimes call$ ! ,arba ,lisun or ',f\r ,tongues1' :5ce we may conclude t !y 7 di/+ui%$ f "o ano!r1 among o!r diff]5ces1 by a v>iety 9 _! =ms ( spee* 444 an exam9ation ( ! writt5 rema9s has furni%$ reasons = believ+ t ! diff]5ces 7 great & m>k$2 ! languages1 9 fact1 belong+ to ! f\r great v>ieties ( human spee*1 ! ,hamitic1 ,semitic1 ,aryan1 & ,turanian4 ,comp>e pp4 #ci1 #dj4 ,if x is all[$ t !re may h be5 my?ological sy/ems correspond+ to ^! div]s nationalities1 we may fairly conclude t ! deities above enum]at$ may n necess>ily h be5 diff]5t deities1 b ! same deities view$ 9 diff]5t lights1 or includ$ 9 duplicate 9 ! way ( incorporation1 or 9 recognition ( subord9ate nationalities4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,i f9d ! repres5tation ( ,noah 9 any "o ( ^! deities1 is !re n a prima facie probability t ,i %all f9d ! r$uplication ( him 9 o!rs8 ,i consid]1 at lea/1 t ,i %all h w>rant = ?us collect+ ! scatt]$ traditions conc]n+ ! patri>* :o /&s at ! head ( ! second propagation ( our race4 ,b fir/ z to ! god ,il or ,ra-- ,,il ,,or ,,ra4 ,! =m ,ra repres5ts1 probably1 ! native ,*aldan "n ( ?is deity1 :ile ,il is ! ,semitic equival5t4 ,il1 ( c\rse1 is b a v>iant ( ,el1 ! root ( ! well-kn[n biblical ,elohim1 z well z ( ! ,arabic ,allah4 ,x is ?is "n :i* ,diodorus repres5ts "u ! =m ( ,elus1 & ,san*onia?on1 or r ,philo ,biblius1 "u t ( ,elus1 or ,ilus4 ,! mean+ ( ! ^w is simply ,god1 or p]haps ,! ,god emphatically4 ,ra1 ! ,cu%ite equival5t1 mu/ be consid]$ to h _h ! same =ce orig9ally1 ?\gh 9 ,egypt x receiv$ a special application to ! sun1 & became ! prop] "n ( t p>ticul> deity4 ,! ^w is lo/ 9 ! mod]n ,e?iopic4 ,x =m$ an elem5t 9 ! native "n ( ,babylon1 :i* 0 ,ka-ra1 ! ,cu%ite equival5t ( ! ,semitic ,bab-il1 an expression signify+ ! gate ( ,god4 ,ra is a god ) few peculi> attributes4 ,he is a sort ( f\nt & orig9 ( deity1 too remote f man to be mu* wor%ipp$1 or to excite any w>m int]e/4 ,!re is no evid5ce ( 8 hav+ _h any temple 9 ,*alda dur+ ! e>ly times4 ,a belief 9 8 exi/5ce is impli$ r ?an express$ 9 inscriptions ( ! primitive k+s1 :]e ! ,moon-god is said to be bro!r's son ( ,ana1 & elde/ son ( ,bil or ,belus4 ,we ga!r f ?is1 t ,bel & ,ana 7 consid]$ to h a common fa!r1 & lat] docum5ts suffici5tly indicate t t common fa!r 0 ,il or ,ra4--,rawl9son1 i4 p4 #adc4 ,if 9 ! ,il or ,ra ( ! ,*aldans ! primitive mono!ism is n reveal$1 ,i d n see h[ x c be disc]n$ 9 ! ,zeus ( ! ,greeks4 ,we h ! same god 9 ! same relation 9 ! ,sc&9avian1 or at any rate 9 ! ,lapl& my?ology4 ,leems 7,acc\nt ( ,dani% ,lapl&1 ,p9k]ton1 i4 #deh7 says--,( ! ,gods inhabit+ ! />ry mansions ! greate/ is ,radi51 yet x is unc]ta9 :e!r he is ov] e "p ( ! sid]eal sky1 or :e!r he gov]ns only "s "p ( x4 ,be ?is z x may1 ,i %all be bold to affirm t ! ,lapl&]s nev] compreh5d$1 "u ! "n ( ?is false god1 ! true ,god2 :i* is obvi\s f ?is1 t "s h n scrupl$ to put ! image or lik5ess ( ! true ,god by ! side ( _! ,radi51 on ,runic boxes4#ade ,if1 h[ev]1 ( _! gods ! greate/ 0 ,radi51 !y w\ld n h plac$ ! true ,god by 8 side until !y _h become acqua9t$ ) ! true ,god1 or until !y _h come to comm+le ,*ri/ianity & ,paganism2 b !n w\ld !y n h plac$ ,ra by ! side ( ! true ,god z ,8 c\nt]p>t8 ,i am assum+ t ,radi5 means simply ! god ,ra1 z ,i suppose ,mr ,max ,mll] w\ld recognise di5 z cognate to ,dyaus 444 ,dieu4 #ade ,9 l mann]1 ! ,p]uvians recognis$ ,pa*acamac 7vide infra1 p4 #cjd71 9 ! description :i* ! ,spani>ds gave ( ! true ,god2 & 9 s f> z !y _h reta9$ ! mono!i/ic belief1 ?is 0 true4 ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 a mo/ compet5t witness :o te/ifies to ?is1 adds--,if any "o %all n[ ask me1 :o am a ,ca?olic ,*ri/ian ,indian1 by ! inf9ite m]cy1 :at "n 0 giv5 to ,god 9 my language1 ,i %\ld say ,pa*acamac4--,hakluyt ,society1 ed4 ( ,g>cil4 de la ,vega1 i4 #ajg4 ,yet x has be5 oppos$1 9 lim9e1 to ,m4 ,l',abbe ,ga9et's valuable *apt] on ! ,mono!isme des ,peuples primitifs1 t he does n meet ! specific ass]tions ( hi/orians su* z ,rawl9son1 :o f9ds idolatry preval5t among ! ,*aldans on _! fir/ appe>ance on ! /age ( hi/ory4 ,i mu/ submit1 h[ev]1 t al?\gh ! discov]y ( idolatry at ?is e>ly p]iod may appe> to di/urb ! p>ticul> !ory1 yet on clos] exam9ation x w be f\nd to su/a9 ,l',abbe ,ga9et's argum5t1 on ! :ole1 by su/a9+ ! tru? ( tradition ^u :i* 8 ma9 argum5t reposes2 = ! idolatry :i* we f9d is intimately b\nd up ) ! wor%ip ( ,belus1 id5tifi$ ) ,nimrod1 ^: rebellion aga9/ ! ,"l has always be5 9 tradition1 & is accord+ to ! m accept$ int]pretation ( ! sacr$ text4 ,! discov]y ( idolatry1 !re=e1 "u ! p>ticul> circum/ances1 is exactly :at we %\ld expect1 & af=ds a rem>kable confirmation ( ! fidelity ( tradition4 ,moreov]1 !re are ,*aldans & ,*aldans1 z we h j se5 9 ,rawl9son 7sup4 p4 #ahd71 & z w be made m evid5t 9 ! foll[+ passage f ,ga9et's ,mono!isme1 c4 ,x is suffici5tly agre$1 says ,lebatteux 7,mem4 ,acad4 t4 xxvii4 p4 #agb71 t ! ,babylonians recognis$ a supreme be+1 ! ,fa!r & ,"l ( all 7,diod4 ,sic4 l4 ii47 ,/ ,ju/9 ,cohortat4 ad g5t4 ,eusebi4 ,prep4 ,evan41 l4 iii4 ,porphyry 7,life ( ,py?agoras7 cites an oracle ( ,zoroa/]1 9 :i* ! ,*aldans are c\pl$ 9 encomium ) ! ,hebrews = ! sanctity ( ! wor%ip :i* !y paid to ! ,et]nal ,k+4 ,^! are ! words ( ! oracles--,! ,*aldeans alone ) ! ,hebrews h wisdom = _! %>e1 r5d]+ a pure wor%ip to ,god1 :o is ! ,et]nal ,k+4--,ga9et1 iii4 #djh4 ,! pure mono!ism "h allud$ to may h be5 pres]v$ 9 ,*aldan families ( ,semitic orig91 b ! extract ,i h j giv5 f ,rawl9son seems to prove t ! k 0 pres]v$ also1 dimly & obscurely1 among ! pr$om9ant ,*aldans ( ,hamitic desc5t4 ,?is w be m app>5t f ! mono!i/ic epi!ts atta*$ to ! ?ree next deities4 ,,ana4 ,ana is ! head ( ! fir/ triad :i* foll[s imm$iately aft] ! obscure god ,ra4 ,ana1 l ,il & ,ra1 is ?\ght to h be5 a ^w orig9ally signify+ ,god 9 ! highe/ s5se4 ,he corresponds 9 _m respects to ! classical ,hades1 :o1 l him1 heads#adf ! triad to :i* he belongs4 ,9 s f> he is undi/+ui%able f ,il or ,ra1 & may only transmit ! mono!i/ic tradition ?r\gh a diff]5t *annel4 ,b ,ana has human epi!ts appli$ to him v sugge/ive ( h]o-wor%ip4 ,8 epi!ts are *iefly su* z m>k priority & antiquity4 ,he is ! ,old ,ana1 ! orig9al *ief1 ! fa!r ( ! gods int] alia1 ( ,bil ,nipru1 i4e4 ,nimrod4 ,he is also call$--:i* imports ano!r association ( ideas--! "l ( spirits & demons1 ! k+ ( ! l[] _w1#adg ! "l ( d>kness or dea?1 ! rul] ( ! f>-(f city4 #adf ,?is is n a m]e arbitr>y supposition1 = x is expressly said 9 ,holy ,writ1 t ! fir/ man1 orda9$ to be '! fa!r ( ! :ole e>?' 7z he is !n call$71 became1 on 8 reconciliation ) 8 ,mak]1 ! wise/ ( all m51 &1 accord+ to tradition1 ! greate/ ( prophets1 :o 9 8 f>-rea*+ k51 =esaw ! de/9ies ( all mank9d 9 all successive ages d[n to ! end ( ! _w4 ,all ?is mu/ be tak5 9 a /rict hi/orical s5se1 = ! moral int]pretation we ab&on to o!rs4 ,! pre-em95ce ( ! ,se?ites *os5 by ,god1 & entirely devot$ to ,8 s]vice1 mu/ be receiv$ z an und\bt$ hi/orical fact1 to :i* we f9d _m po9t$ allusions ev5 9 ! traditions ( ! o!r ,asiatic nations4 ,nay1 ! ho/ility betwe5 ! ,se?ites & ,ca9ites1 & ! mutual relations ( ^! two races1 =m ! *ief clue to ! hi/ory ( ! primitive _w1 & ev5 ( _m p>ticul> nations ( antiquity4--,fr$4 ,von ,s*legel's ,philosophy ( ,hi/41 ,rob]tson's trans41 p4 #aeb4 #adg ,comp>e ^! epi!ts1 & :at 0 said above1 ( resemblance to classical ,hades1 ) ! foll[+ v]ses f ! ,oracula ,sybill9a1 lib4 i4 #hj-- ,orcus eos cepit grco qui nom9e dictus ,e/ ,ades1 quod primus eo desc5d]it ,adam1 ,exp]tus mortis legem1 c4 ,sett+ aside su* titles z belong exclusively to ! ,deity1 b assum+ h]o-wor%ip--suppos+ man deifi$--:o m appropriately plac$ 9 ^! primitive times at ! head ( ! li/1 ?an _! orig9al prog5itor ,adam4#adh ,to :om w\ld ^! titles1 ! old ,ana1#adi ! orig9al *ief1 ! "l ( d>kness & dea?1 he :o introduc$ dea? into ! _w1 m exactly apply8 ,rawl9son also says--,8 position is well m>k$ by ,damascius1 :o gives ! ?ree gods ,anus1 ,ill9us1 & ,as1 z next 9 succession to ! primeval pair1 ,assorus & ,miss>a1 i4 #ade4 ,n[1 x w n be conte/$1 ,i ?9k1 t ,assorus is ! same z ,alorus1 ! fir/ ( ! t5 ant$iluvian 7deluge ( ,xisu?rus7 ,assyrian k+s enum]at$ by ,b]osus1 & :i* correspond to ! t5 ant$iluvian patri>*s4 ,consequ5tly ,assorus ,alorus ,adam4#aej #adh ,osiris also is ! judge ( ! s\l1 or ! god ( ! _w ( spirits4 ,osiris is nev] repres5t$ 9 an animal =m1 b is call$ ! ,bull 7infra pp4 #bjc1 #bjd71 vide ,buns5's ,egypt1 iv4 #ccb4 ,buns5's own view is1 t ! hi/ory ( ,osiris is ! hi/ory ( ! cycle ( ! ye>1 ( ! sun dy+ away & resuscitat+ himself aga94 ,mr ,palm] 7,egyptian ,*ronicles1 i4 p4 #c7 says--7& ,i ?9k x z well t ,i %\ld /ate t ,i _h come to an almo/ id5tical conclusion1 & _h writt5 ?is & ! foll[+ *apt] be=e ,i became acqua9t$ ) ,mr ,palm]'s pr(\nd & yet /ill neglect$ "w1 vide *4 vi47--,! fir/ human 7',osiris ,adam & ,isis ,eve'7 hav+ be5 ?r[n back into pairs ( an?ropomorph\s deities 7p4 #b71 ! orig9al ,osiris & ,isis1 =m$ by ! div9e pott] z p>5ts ( all1 disappe> 9 "n1 & are repres5t$ by ,seb & ,nutpe1 :ile ,osiris1 ,typhon1 & ,horus1 ! prog5y ( ,seb & ,nutpe1 answ]s r to ,ca91 ,abel1 & ,se?1 9 ! old _w1 & to ! ?ree sons ( ,noah 9 ! new4444 ,f ,osiris-,seb 7:e!r he be view$ z ,adam or ,noah7 are d]iv$ d[nw>ds all ! successive g5]ations ( ,egyptian1 gods & demigods1 patri>*s1 k+s1 & o!r m5 & = a p>allel exposition ( ! ,pho5ician my?1 vide ,palm]1 p4 #ec & seq41 ea* dyna/ 9 turn1 9 ! e>ly g5]ations1 be+ id5tifiable at once ) ,seb & ,osiris1 z fa!r ( ^? foll[+1 ) ,osiris aga9 by %>+ ! same mortality1 & ) ,horus z r5ew+ 8 fa!r's life & be+ ! hope ( ! com+ _w4 ,s ea* ance/or 9 turn w5t1 x 0 said1 to ! orig9al ,osiris z patri>* ( ! dead1 & to 8 int]m$iate ,osirifi$ fa!rs1 & 0 himself ,osirifi$ l !m1 all mak+ "o collective ,osiris4 ,i h n space to discuss ! "q at :at /age ! my?ology became pan!i/ic4 ,wait+ = t reunion & re/oration :i* 0 to come ?r\gh successive g5]ations by ! great expect$ ,horus1 :o 0 to take up into himself ! old1 & to be himself ! new ,osiris4 #adi ,9 a note to ,c>d9al ,wiseman's ,sci5ce & ,reveal$ ,religion on ,con=mity betwe5 ,semitic & ,indo-,europ4 grammatical =ms1 x w be se5 t ,ana 9 ,*aldaic is ! pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son s+ul>1 & corresponds ) ! reveal$ appellation ( ! ,deity1 ,i ,am :o ,am 7,exod4 iii4 #ad7 ! ,greek3 t ,eg4 #aej ,max ,mll]1 ,*ips i4 #aec1 ref]s to ,dr ,w9dis*mann's 7,zoroa/rian ,/udies7 discov]y t !re are t5 g5]ations betwe5 ,adam & ,noah1 z !re are t5 g5]ations 9 ! ,z5dave/a betwe5 ,yima 7,adam7 & ,?r/\na 7,noah71 & )\t controv]t+ ! po9t4 ,mr ,palm] 7,egypt4 ,*ron41 i4 #de7 says--,& ?\gh ! fancy ( mak+ ! t5 k+s to beg9 only aft] #ajeh ye>s1 & to be n all nam$ f ! same city1 seems to di/+ui% !m f ,adam & ! n9e patri>*s 8 desc5dants1 /ill ,xisu?rus1 ! t5?1 be+ cle>ly id5tifi$ ) ,noah1 by ! flood & ! ark1 ! v numb] t51 & ! relation ( ! succession 9 :i* !y /& "o to ! o!r1 %[ t ,alorus1 ! fir/ ( !m1 is no o!r ?an ,adam4 ,"h1 !n1 we h a r$uplication1 or else :at ,i h above ref]r$ to1 ! t5d5cy to place ! head ( ! dyna/y at ! top ( ! li/ sup]ior to gods & m54 ,9 any case1 grant+ ?is juxtaposition1 w\ld !re n h be5 ! proximate risk & probability ( ! two runn+ into "o ano!r & becom+ conf\nd$1 on ! supposition t ,ana & ,alorus 7 n orig9ally id5tical8 ,?is w become m evid5t :5 we h consid]$ ! next 9 ! triad-- ,,bil ,,or ,,enu4 ,b ! evid5ce1 ?\gh x w m cle>ly e/abli% ! fact ( h]o-wor%ip1 w p]haps raise a d\bt :e!r we h rightly reg>d$ ,adam z ! object ( h]o-wor%ip 9 ,ana1 a po9t :i* we w !n consid]4 ,rawl9son says ( ?is god--,he is ! ,ill9us 7,il-,enu7 ( ,damascius4 ,8 "n1 :i* seems to mean m]ely "l 7aga9 ! primitive mono!i/ic appellation7 is usually foll[$ by a qualificative adjunct possess+ great int]e/4 ,x is propos$ to read ?is t]m z ,nipru1 or 9 ! fem99e ,niprut1 a ^w :i* _c fail to recall ! scriptural ,nimrod1 :o is 9 ! ,septuag9t ,nebro?4 ,! t]m nipru seems to be =m$ f ! root nap>1 :i* is ! ,syriac to pursue1 to make to flee1 & :i* has 9 ,assyrian ne>ly ! same mean+4 ,?us ,bil ,nipru w\ld be aptly translat$ z ! hunt] "l or ! god presid+ ov] ! *ase1 :ile at ! same "t x might comb9e ! mean+ ( ! conqu]+ "l or ! great conqu]or4 ,"h1 at any rate1 x mu/ be admitt$ t we h1 9 ?is in/ance1 an admixture ( h]o-wor%ip 9 ! ,*aldan religion 7,rawl9son1 i4 #adh74 ,b if 9 "o in/ance :at priori reason is !re t x %\ld n be s 9 o!rs8 ,let u1 !n1 exam9e fur!r4 ,! "n ( ?is deity1 z ,bel ,nipru or ,nimrod1 has1 ,i consid]1 be5 completely trac$ 9 ! pages ( ,rawl9son 7to :i* ,i mu/ ref] my read]s74 ,b :at are we to say ab\t ! alt]native "n ( ,enu8 ,& :y1 al?\gh no great /ress c be laid ^u ! location ( a deity 9 a g5ealogy or a sy/em1 yet :y is ,nimrod ?us plac$ int]m$iate betwe5 ,adam & ! ?ird ( ! triad ,hoa1 :om1 on gr\nds q irrespective ( ! simil>ity ( "n1 ,i id5tify ) ,noah8#aea #aea ,ga9et 7i4 #baa7 quotes z foll[s f ,c]emonies ,relig4 i4 vii43 ,! ,m&ans pret5d t ! ,deluge 0 caus$ by ! :ite m5 to de/roy _! ance/ors4 ,! :ites caus$ ! wat]s to rise to su* a height t ! _w 0 subm]g$4 ,!n ! fir/ man1 :om !y reg>d z "o ( _! div9ities1 inspir$ mank9d ) ! idea ( con/ruct+1 ^u an em95ce1 a t[] & =tress ( wood1 & promis$ !m t ! wat] %\ld n rise beyond ?is po9t4 ,"h seems a v analog\s confus$ tradition ( ,adam & ,nimrod1 ! ,deluge & ! ,t[] ( ,babel4 ,comp4 ) ! di/9ct te/imony to ! ,m&an tradition1 infra1 *4 xi4 ,if ,ana is ,adam1 & ,hoa ,noah1 :y %\ld n ,enu1 9 ano!r po9t ( view1 be ,eno*8 ,!re is1 ,i admit1 an abs5ce ( direct evid5ce1 b ,i ?9k ,i discov] a l9k ( connection 9 a note 9 ,rawl9son 7i4 p4 #aif74 ,arab writ]s record a numb] ( rem>kable traditions1 9 :i* he 7,nimrod7 plays a conspicu\s "p4 ,yacut decl>es t ,nimrod attempt$ to m\nt to heav5 on ! w+s ( an eagle1 & makes ,niff]s 7,calneh7 ! sc5e ( ?is occurr5ce 7,lex4 ,geograph4 9 voc4 ,niff]74 ,x is suppos$ t we h "h an allusion to ! build+ ( ! ,t[] ( ,babel4 ,b ,i _c help reg>d+ x z mu* m c]ta9ly l an allusion to ,eno*'s disappe>ance f ! e>?4 ,at p4 #ahg1 ,pr(4 ,rawl9son notices ! confusion ( ,xisu?rus ) ,eno*1 :i* proves t ! tradition ( ,eno* 0 among/ !m1 & w\ld h be5 common also to ! ,hamitic ,arabs4#aeb #aeb ,i f9d t ! ,egyptians _h ! same confus$ tradition respect+ ,m5es1 :o /ood to !m 9 ! same relation z ,nimrod to ! ,assyrians 7vide ,buns5's ,egypt1 ii4 p4 #fe74 ,! /atem5t 9 ,mane?o's li/s t ,m5es 0 torn to pieces by a hippopotamus1 is probably an exagg]ation ( an e>ly leg5d1 t he 0 c>ri$ away by a hippopotamus1 "o ( ! symbols ( ! god ( ! l[] _w4 ,! great rul] 0 snat*$ away f ! e>?1 to di/+ui% him f o!r mortals1 j z ,romulus 04 ,i w n[ return to my d\bt z to ,ana4 ,= al?\gh ,i feel tol]ably c]ta9 t ,ana 9 8 human attributes repres5ts "o or o!r ( ! ant$iluvian patri>*s1 x may well be t he is only a r$uplication ( ,enu ,eno*4 ,if we are to seek 9 ! translation ( ,eno* ! clue to ! orig9 ( ! deification ( man1 & its comm5cem5t 9 ! p]son ( ,nimrod 7vide supra1 p4 #afj71 x is likely1 9 ! leg5d ( ! apo!osis ( ,nimrod1 t all ! analogies %\ld h be5 s\ght = 9 ! /rik+ hi/orical ev5t :i* 0 9 tradition4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 ! analogy ( "n ) ,annacus1 ,hanna*us ,eno*4#aec ,if he is ,eno*1 he naturally also falls into 8 place z second to ,assorus4 #aec ,eti5ne de ,byzance dit qu' ',icone' 7'de urbibus' voce ',iconium'7 ville de ,lycaonie prs du ,mont ,taurus dans les rgions occupes p> les habitants ant$iluvi5s regnait ,annacus dont la vie alla au-dla de trois c5ts ans4 ,t\s les habitants d'al5t\r dem&r5t un oracle jusqu' quelle poque se prolong]ait sa vie4 ,l'oracle rpondit que ce patri>*e tant mort1 t\t le monde devait s'att5dre prir4 ,les ,phrygi5s cette mnace jetr5t les hauts cris1 d'o e/ v5u le prov]be3 ',pleur] s\s ,annacus1 ce que l'on dit de ceux qui se livr5t des gr&s gmissem5ts4 ,or le ,dluge tant survnu t\s prir5t4444 ,dans ces rcits t\t e/ con=m la ,bible4 ,annacus a vcu trois c5ts ans avant le ,dluge4 ,il a av]ti ses concitoy5s3 il e/ ent\r du mme respect que le patri>*e ,no lui-mme4 ,annacus p>ait v5ir d',eno*2 t\t ann\nce une id5tit de p]sonnages4 7,ga9et1 ,hi/4 de ,l',anc4 et ,n\v4 ,te/4 i4 #id1 #ie47 ,! connection betwe5 ! dea? ( ,eno* & ! de/ruction ( mank9d may accord z well ) ! traditional belief 9 8 reappe>ance at ! end ( ! _w4 ,comp>e ! ,grecian tradition ( ,ina*us1 son ( ,oceanus 7vide ,bryant1 ii4 #bfh71 & ) x1 ,hor41 ,od4 #c1 lib4 ii43 ,divesne1 prisco et natus ab ,ina*o1 ,nil int]e/1 an paup]1 et infim ,de g5te1 c4 ,i reta91 h[ev]1 my orig9al op9ion1 t ,ana is ,adam 7?\gh possibly ) "s confusion ) ,eno*71 9 addition to ! argum5ts already urg$1 ^u ! foll[+ gr\nds3-- ,rawl9son m5tions 7i4 #adg7 ,telane1 or ! ,m\nd ( ,ana1 di/9ct f ,kalneh or ,kalana4 ,we "k t !re has be5 a con/ant tradition t ! bones ( ,adam 7 pres]v$ 9 ! ark1 & ?is "n ( ! ,m\nd ( ,ana may be connect$ ) x4 ,if s1 x w also acc\nt = ,ana 7,dis ,orcus7 be+ ! patron deity ( ,ere*1 ! great city ( ! dead1 ! necropolis ( ,l[] ,babylonia 7,rawl9son i4 #adf74 ,! son ( ,ana is ,vul4 ,if ,vul c\ld be id5tifi$ ) ,vulcan1 & ,vulcan ) ,tubalca91 x w\ld g f> to decide ! po9t t ,ana 0 ,adam4 ,b 9 ! matt] ( etymology1 ,i d n "k t we c advance beyond ! qua9t phrase ( old ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,_w1 t !re is a c]ta9 likelihood ( "n betwe5 ,tubalca9 & ,vulcan4 ,i rely m ^u ! wide-spread tradition ( ,tubalca9 9 ! leg5ds ( ,ddalus1 ,vulcan1 ,wel&1 ,galant1 ,wielant1 ,wayl& ,smi?1 :i* approa*es v ne>ly an id5tification4 ,vide ,wilson's ,ar*ologia ( ,scotl&1 p4 #baj4 ,comp>e ! ,pho5ician tradition1 ,buns5's ,egypt1 iv4 #bag1 #bai4 ,x is to be not$1 h[ev]1 t al?\gh ,ana 7vide ,rawl9son7 l ,adam _h sev]al sons1 he _h only two ( any celebrity 7we c suppose t ,abel _h di$ out ( ! ,ca9ite tradition71 ,vul & ano!r ^: "n repres5ts 'd>kness' or '! we/1' :i* might well be ! view ( ,se? f a ,ca9ite po9t ( view 7& x is traditional t ! ,ca9ite lore 0 pres]v$ by ,*am 9 ! ark74 ,n[ x is rem>kable t ! ,scripture 7,g54 iv47 expressly says t ,ca9 dwelt on ! ea/ side ( ,ed54 ,i n[ come to ,,hea ,,or ,,hoa4 ,! ?ird god ( ! fir/ triad 0 ,hea or ,hoa1 ! ,ana ( ,damascius4 ,?is appellation is p]haps be/ r5d]$ into ,greek by ! ,greek3 ( ,helladius1 ! "n giv5 to ! my/ic animal1 half man half fi%1 :i* came up f ! ,p]sian ,gulf to tea* a/ronomy & lett]s to ! fir/ settl]s on ! ,euphrates & ,tigris4 ,x is p]haps conta9$ 9 ! ^w by :i* ,b]osus designates ?is same creature--,oannes 7,greek3 nns71 :i* may be expla9$ z ,hoa-ana1 or ! god ,hoa4 ,!re are no means ( /rictly det]m9+ ! precise mean+ ( ! ^w 9 ,babylonian1 b x is p]haps all[able to connect x provisionally ) ! ,arabic ,hiya1 :i* is at once life & 'a s]p5t1' s9ce1 accord+ to ! be/ au?ority1 '!re are v /rong gr\nds = connect+ ,hea or ,hoa ) ! s]p5t ( ,scripture1 & ! p>adisaical traditions ( ! tree ( k & ! tree ( life4' ,hoa occupies 9 ! fir/ triad ! position :i* 9 ! classical my?ology is fill$ by ,poseidon or ,neptune1 & 9 "s respects he corresponds to him4 ,he is '! "l ( ! e>?1' j z ,neptune is ,greek3 gaio*os2 he is ! 'k+ ( riv]s1' & he comes f ! sea to tea* ! ,babylonians1 b he is nev] call$ ! '"l ( ! sea4' ,t title belongs to ,n9 or ,n9ip4 ,hoa is ! "l ( ! abyss or ( '! great deep1' :i* does n seem to be ! sea1 b some?+ di/9ct f x4 ,8 mo/ important titles are ^? :i* inve/ him ) ! "* s prom95tly br\ght out 9 ,o & ,oannes1 ( ! god ( sci5ce & k4 ,he is '! intellig5t guide1' or1 accord+ to ano!r int]pretation1 '! intellig5t fi%1' '! tea*] ( mank9d1' '! "l ( und]/&+4' ,"o ( 8 emblems is ! 'w$ge' or 'arr[-head1' ! ess5tial elem5t ( cunei=m writ+1 :i* seems to be assign$ to him z ! inv5tor1 or at lea/ ! patron1 ( ! ,*aldan alphabet4 ,ano!r is ! s]p5t1 :i* occupies s conspicu\s a place among ! symbols ( ! gods on ! black /ones record+ b5efactions1 & :i* sometimes appe>s ^u ! cyl9d]s4 ,?is symbol "h1 z else:]e1 is emblematic ( sup]human k--a record ( ! primeval belief t '! s]p5t 0 m subtle ?an any bea/ ( ! field4' ,! /ell> "n ( ,hoa 0 ,kimmut4444 ,! monum5ts d n conta9 mu* evid5ce ( ! e>ly wor%ip ( ,hoa4 ,8 "n appe>s on a v anci5t /one tablet br\ght f ,mugheir 7,ur71 b o!rwise 8 claim to be acc\nt$ "o ( ! primeval gods mu/ re/ on ! te/imony ( ,b]osus & ,helladius1 :o repres5t him z kn[n to ! fir/ settl]s4444 ,z ,kimmut1 ,hoa 0 also ! fa!r ( ,nebo1 ^: functions be> a g5]al resemblance to 8 own4--,rawl9son's ,anci5t ,mon>*ies1 i4 #aeb4aed #aed ,vide 8 o!r epi!ts1 infra1 p4 #bci2 also ,rawl9son 7,h]od4 i4 p4 #fjj71 says t ^u "o ( ! tablets 9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re is a li/ ( ?irty-six synonyms indicat+ ?is god 7,hoa74 ,! great] "p ( !m relate ei!r to ! abyss or to k4 ,comp>e ?is ) ! foll[+ v]ses f ! ,oracula ,sybill9a1 i4 v]4 #ade-- ,collige1 ,no1 tuas vires 444 444 ,si sci]is me ,div9 te nulla rei secreta latebunt4 ,n[1 )\t ent]+ into ! "q ( ! au!nticity ( ! ,sybill9e v]ses1 ,i may at lea/ quote !m 9 evid5ce ( ! curr5t tradition conc]n+ ,noah 9 ! second c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 suppos+ !m to h be5 =g$ at t p]iod4 ,i h said t ,i %all n rely too mu* on ! resemblance ( "n1 ,hoa2 b ,i mu/ draw att5tion to ! curi\s resemblance :i* lurks 9 ! "n ,as to ! words ^u :i* ! ,vicomte ,d',anselme has f\nd$ an argum5t 9 ! app5d$ note4#aee #aee ,comm5t le nom du premi] navigateur connu1 tel qu'il se pronona en ,hbreu et qu'il n\s e/ transmis p> la ,gnese1 ',noh1 ,naus1 ,noa*1' s]ait-il dev5u le nom d'une ar*e flottante1 d'un navire1 en ,sanscrit et en v+t autres langues8 ,nau1 sanscrit2 ,naw1 arm5i52 ,naus1 grec2 7,navis1 lat972 ,noi1 hib]ni52 ,neau1 bas breton2 ,nef1 nav4 franc2 ,noobh1 irl&ais2 ,naone1 vanikoro2 ,na*o1 allem& vieux2 ,naw1 timor2 ,na*51 allem&2 ,s'ne*ia1 isl&ais2 ,s'naeca ou ,naca1 anglo-sax42 ,s'nace1 anci5 anglais2 ,s9-nau1 cambodge1 c4 ,enf9 n\s dem&ons comm5t le nom ,hbreu de l'ar*e de ,no4 ,tobe1 prononc comme on crivait gnralem5t en ,ori5t1 en s5s inv]se1 donne le nom d'un vaisseau dans v+t langues qui sont des dialectes du ,sanscrit8 ,l'criture b\/roph$one1 qui fait les lignes alt]nativem5t droite et gau*e sans int]ruption a pu donn] naissance cette manire de lire3--,boat1 anglais2 boite1 franais2 bat1 anglo-saxon2 boot1 holl&ais2 bat1 su$ois1 baat1 danois2 batr1 isl&ais2 bad1 breton2 bote1 espagnol2 bo>1 p]san2 batillo1 itali52 pota1 sanscrit4 ,vide o!r simil> pro(s f ,vicomte d',anselme's ,monde ,paen1 c4 ,9 ,ga9et1 i4 #bbc1 a curi\s additional in/ance ( ! same ^w hav+ connections ) boat & arc 7tobe7 might be discov]$ 9 ,kibotos1 ! "n ( a m\nta9 9 ,phrygia1 :]e ! ark is said to h re/$ 7,ga9et1 i4 #bbj74 ,also we h almo/ ! same words--ark & arc--to express 7?\gh accord+ to a diff]5t etymology7 ^! dissimil> objects4 ,! words o> & rudd] c be trac$ back to ,sanskrit1 & ! "n ( ! %ip is id5tically ! same 9 ,sanscrit 7naus1 nvas71 9 ,lat9 7navis71 9 ,greek 7naus71 & 9 ,teutonic1 ,old ,high ,g]m4 7na*s71 ,anglo-,saxon 7naca74--,max ,mll]1 ,comp4 ,my?ol41 p4 #di4 ,i may draw att5tion1 z hav+ ref]5ce to o!r bran*es ( ?is inquiry1 to a possible aff9ity ) ! "n ( ! patri>*1 9 ! t]m ,noaaids1 appli$ by ! ,lapl&]s to _! magicians 7,p9k]ton1 i4 #dei1 c472 & to ! t]m ,koad]nicks1 appli$ by ! ,samoids to ! same 7id4 #ecb74 ,i own !re might be dang] 9 pu%+ ! inquiry fur!r1 z ,i might ev5 br+ ! patri>* ,noah into contact & connection ) ,old ,nick6 ,i may also ref] to ! t]m ,janna 7,janus71 z appli$ to ! (fic] :o _h ! (fice ( ent]ta9+ ambassadors at ! c\rt ( ,k5ghis ,khan 7id4 v4 #g1 p4 #dj2 ,rubruquis's ,embassy1 ,a4,d4 #abec1 also #ef74 ,9 ! above extract f ,rawl9son1 al?\gh ,hoa is said n to be ! true fi%-god1 yet he is call$ ! intellig5t fi%1 & is associat$ ) t my/ic animal1 half man half fi%1 :i* came up f ! ,p]sian ,gulf to tea* a/ronomy & lett]s to ! fir/ settl]s on ,euphrates & ,tigris4 ,let u comp>e ?is in=mation ) ! foll[+ ,hi/ory ( ! ,fi%1 :i* ! ,abb ,ga9et1 i4 #aii1 has translat$ f ! ,mahbhrata4 ,! same hi/ory has be5 translat$ f ! ,bhagavad ,p\rana by ,sir ,w4 ,jones 7,asiatic ,rese>*es74 ,inde$1 z ! ,abb ,ga9et argues1 z ?is same hi/ory is f\nd 9 all ! religi\s poems ( ,india1 !re is a c]ta9 security t x w\ld n h be5 tak5 f ! ,hebrews4 ,i %all m]ely attempt to give ! drift ( ! leg5d f ! ,abb ,ga9et's orig9al translation ( t portion ( ! ,matysia ,p\rana :i* has ref]5ce to ,noah3-- ,! son ( ,vaivaswata 7! sun7 0 a k+1 & a great sage1 a pr9ce ( m51 resembl+ ,pradjapati 9 eclat4 ,9 8 /r5g?1 spl5d\r1 prosp]ity1 & above all1 8 p5it5ce1 ,man\ surpass$ 8 fa!r & 8 gr&fa!r4#aef444 ,"o day a small fi% approa*$ him1 & begg$ him to remove him f ! wat] :]e he 01 'because ! great fi% always eat ! little fi%--x is our et]nal condition4' ,man\ complies1 & ! fi% promises et]nal gratitude4 ,aft] sev]al su* migrations1 ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( ,man\1 ! fi% at ea* removal increas+ 9 bulk1 he is at l5g? laun*$ 9 ! ocean4 ,! fi% !n holds ?is disc\rse ) ,man\3--',soon1 oh bless$ ,man\1 ev]y?+ t is by nature fix$ & /ation>y 9 ! t]re/rial _w1 w und]go a g5]al imm]sion & a complete dissolution4 ,?is tempor>y imm]sion ( ! _w is ne> at h&1 & !re=e x is t ,i ann\nce to y to-day :at y ought to d = y\r safety4' ,he in/ructs him to build a /rong & solid %ip1 & to ent] x ) ! sev5 ri*is or sages4#aeg ,he in/ructs him also to take ) him all sorts ( se$s1 accord+ to c]ta9 ,brahm9ical indications4 ',& :5 y are 9 ! vessel y w p]ceive me com+ t[>ds y1 oh well-belov$ ( ! sa9ts1 ,i w approa* y ) a horn on my head1 by :i* y w recognise me4' ,man\ did all t 0 prescrib$ to him by ! fi%1 & ! e>? 0 subm]g$ accord+ly1 z he _h pr$ict$4 ',nei!r ! e>?1 nor ! sky1 nor ! int]m$iate space1 0 visible2 all 0 wat]4' ',9 ! middle ( ! _w ?us subm]g$1 ,o ,pr9ce ( ,bh>atidians1 7 se5 ! sev5 ri*is or sages1 ,man\1 & ! fi%4 ,?us1 ,o ,k+1 did ?is fi% cause ! vessel to sail' 7) a rope ti$ to its horn71 '= _m ye>s1 )\t we>y+1 9 ?is imm5sity ( wat]4' ,at l5g? ! %ip 0 dragg$ by ! fi% on to ! highe/ po9t ( ! ,himalaya4 ',t is :y ! highe/ summit ( ! ,him>an 7,himalaya7 0 call$ ,nanbundhanam1 or ! place to :i* ! %ip 0 atta*$1 a "n :i* x be>s to ?is day--,sa*e cela1 ,o ,pr9ce des ,bh>atidians4' ,!n le gracieux1 ) placid gaze1 ?us address$ ! ri*is--',i am ,brahma1 ! ance/or 7l'ance/re7 ( all creatures4 ,no "o is great] ?an ,i4 ,"u ! =m ( a fi% ,i came to save y f ! t]rors ( dea?4 ,f ,man\1 n[1 %all all creatures1 ) ! gods1 ! demons 7au s\ras71 & mank9d1 be born4444 ,?is is ! anci5t & celebrat$ hi/ory :i* be>s ! "n ( ! ',hi/ory ( ! ,fi%4'#aeh #aef ,comp4 ,traditions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s4 #aeg ,d n ! sev5 ri*is or sages correspond to ! sev5 7or eight7 7,pho5ician7 ,kabiri4 7,!re 7 sev5 or eight p]sons 9 ! ark1 accord+ly z we take sep>ate acc\nt or n ( ,noah47 ,z reg>ds ! ,kabiri1 _! numb] 7sev5 or eight1 accord+ly z we include sculapius7 mu/ be ! clue to ! solution ( ! mo/ obscure & my/]i\s "q 9 my?ology4 ,buns5 7,egypt1 iv4 #bbi7 says ( an a/ral explanation3--,x does n enable u to expla9 ! details ( ^? repres5tations :i* d n conta9 ! numb] sev5 7or eight71 &1 9 fact1 sev5 bro!rs4 ,x w suffice1 f our po9t ( view1 if !re are num]ically sev5 p]sons4 ,buns5 7iv4 p4 #bia7 says--,x is q cle> t ! fundam5tal numb] ( ! gods 9 ! olde/ my?ologies ( ,pho5icia1 & all ,asia1 z well z ,egypt1 0 sev54 ,!re 7 sev5 ,kabiri1 ) ! sev5 ,titans4 ,!re are also sev5 ,titans m5tion$ 9 o!r g5ealogies ( ! race ( ,kronos4 ,( ! latt]1 "o dies a virg9 & disappe>s4 ,b z ) ! ,kabiri we h se5 ! numb] sev51 or eight1 accord+ly z sculapius is includ$ or n1 s 7vide p4 #cad7 we see ! primitive gods ( ,egypt ei!r sev5 or eight1 accord+ly z ,?o?1 ! eigh?1 or ,horus1 figure z ! la/ div9e k+ 7p4 #cai74 ,:5 ,horus s figures1 he is frequ5tly repres5t$ z ! eigh?1 conduct+ ! b>k ( ! gods1 ) ! sev5 great gods1 c4 ,moreov]1 x is else:]e 7p4 #cdg7 said t ! ,pho5icians1 9 _! sacr$ books1 /at$ t ! ,kabiri emb>k$ 9 %ips1 & l&$ ne> ,m\nt ,kaison4 ,?is leg5d 0 corroborat$ by ! exi/5ce ( a %r9e on t coa/ 9 hi/oric times4 ,qu]y1 ,! tradition ( ! ,deluge localis$1 & ! %r9e commemorative ( t cata/rophe 7vide ,b\lang]1 c41 infra1 p4 #bdd72 & suppos+ t ! tradition ( ! numb] sav$ 9 ! ,flood _h be5 pres]v$ d[n to a c]ta9 date1 we %\ld !n expect t ! numb] w\ld become rigid & fix$4 ,b t if ! tradition ( ! actual survivors _h become indi/9ct1 :at m natural ?an t ! eight pr9cipal *>act]s ( ante-diluvian1 or ev5 po/-diluvian1 hi/ory %\ld be sub/itut$ = !m1 & t ! same confusion & agglom]ation ( leg5d %\ld take place z we %all see occurr+ 9 ! tradition ( ,noah8 ,9 ! ,p]sian or ,iranian leg5d ( ,%h-nmeh1 ! ?ree sons ( ,f]dn--,ireg1 ,tur1 & ,selm--are m5tion$ z _! patri>*s1 & among !m ! :ole e>? 0 divid$4 ,b 9 ! m anci5t ,g?s !re is m5tion ( ! sev5-surfac$ or sev5-portion$ e>?4 ,qu]y--apportion$ by ! eigh?8 ,vide ,buns5's ,egypt1 iii4 #dgh4 ,= ! ,indian tradition comp>e ! foll[+ f ,hunt]'s ,b5gal 7i4 p4 #aea7--;,ano!r co9cid5ce--,i d n v5ture to call x an analogy--is to be f\nd 9 ! numb] ( *ildr5 born to ! fir/ pair4 ,z ! ,santal leg5d imm$iately divides ! human species into sev5 families1 s ! ,sanscrit tradition assigns ! propagation ( our race aft] ! flood to sev5 ri%is4 ,i also f9d 9 ,f4 ,s*legel's ,philosophy ( ,hi/ory 7p4 #aej1 ,rob]tson's trans47--,! ,indian traditions ackn[l$ge & rev]e ! succession ( ! fir/ ance/ors ( mank9d1 or ! holy patri>*s ( ! primitive _w1 "u ! "n ( ! sev5 great ri%is1 or sages ( ho>y antiquity1 ?\gh !y inve/ _! hi/ory ) a cl\d ( fictions4 #aeh ,syncellus1 quot+ ,b]osus 7vide ,abb de ,tressan1 ,my?ology1 p4 #aj71 says t ,oannes 7! my/]i\s fi%1 vide ante7 left "s writ+s ^u ! orig9 ( ! _w4 ,^!1 no d\bt1 correspond to ! ,lib] ,noa*i4 ,i d n disguise t ?is /atem5t is probably d]iv$ f :at is call$ ! false ,b]osus4 ,! ref]5ce1 h[ev]1 :i* ,i h made to ^! writ+s at p4 #aci may raise d\bt :e!r !y did n embody true traditions4 ,"h we seem to see :at looks l ! comm5cem5t ( ! leg5d>y orig9 ( ! fi% symbol2 & "h also we see x unmi/akeably 9 connection ) ,noah4 ,we h1 moreov]1 se5 ! connection ( ,hoa ) ! fi%4#aei #aei ,i fancy x might be trac$ also 9 ! ,pho5ician fi%-god1 ,dagon4 ,! ,saturday ,review 7,june #d1 #ahgj7 9 its review ( ,cox's ,my?ology1 says--,dagon _c be divid$ ,dag-on1 ! fi% ',on1' = a ,semitic syllable _c beg9 ) a v[el2 & if ! necess>y brea?+ 'aleph' 7 ins]t$ 7:i* x is v unsafe to d71 x w\ld !n mean '! fi% ( ,on1' :i* is n ! signification requir$4 ,b x is ! signification :i* w\ld fit 9 "h2 moreov]1 might n ! t]m9al aon1 or haon1 sugge/$1 h be5 orig9ally1 i4e4 be=e displacem5t by b\/roph$on--,noa or ,noah8 ,i give ?is sugge/ion ) all prop] diffid5ce1 & ) "s g5u9e misgiv+ z to ! brea?+ aleph4 ,i f9d t ,bryant 7,my?ology1 iii4 p4 #aaf7 makes a simil> sugge/ion4 ,buns5 7,egypt1 iv4 #bdc7 says--,dagon is ,dagan1 i4e4 corn4 ,?is is also impli$ by ! ,greek =m ( x--,sitn1 :eat-field 7comp4 p4 #bai74 ,we h 9 ! ,bible1 ,dagon1 a god ( ! ,phili/9es1 a "n usually suppos$ to be d]iv$ f 'dag1' fi%2 ! god has a human =m end+ 9 a fi%1 l ! fi%-%ap$ goddess1 ,d]keto-,at]gatis4 ,x is cle>1 f ,philo's own acc\nt1 t ! ,pho5ician ,poseidon 0 a god ( ?is k9d1 & x is difficult to f9d any o!r "n = him4 ,yet we _c say t ,dagon is v cle>ly expla9$4 ,"h is a god ( agriculture1 well au!nticat$1 bo? l+ui/ically & docum5tally1 ,dagan1 i4e4 :eat1 & he is ! ,zeus ( agriculture4 ,vide p4 #bai4 ,p4 #bfa says ,dagon mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ,dagan1 b )\t reconcil+ x ) ! above at p4 #bdc1 on ! contr>y1 we f9d ,dagon1 ,dagan corn 7! fi%-man74 ,at p4 #bda1 quot+ f ! text ( ,philo1 x is said /ill m po9t$ly--,dagon1 aft] he _h discov]$ corn & ! pl\gh1 0 call$ ,zeus ,arotnios4 ,comp4 p4 #bjd4 ,believ+ 7vide *4 xii47 9 ! tradition ( my?ology1 ev5 among savages1 ,i c\ld n b be mu* /ruck on com+ ^u ! foll[+ passage 9 ,roggeve5's voyage1 to f9d--9 8 acc\nt ( ! ,ea/]n ,isl&]s--! same conjunction ( ! bull & fi% impli$ 9 ! traditional names ( _! idols3--,! "n ( ! l>ge/ idol 0 call$ ,taurico1 & ! o!r ,dago2 at lea/1 ^! 7 ! words !y call$ to !m by1 & :]e) !y wor%ipp$ !m4 ,^! savages _h great respect = ! two idols1 ,taurico & ,dago1 & approa*$ !m ) great rev]5ce 444 & to supplicate = help aga9/ u1 & to call ^u ) a frightful %\t & h[l+ ( ,dago6 ,dago6 7,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ,voyages ,r\nd ! ,_w1 #aggd1 i4 #dfi1 #dgj47 ,aft] %[+ ! resemblance ( a fea/ at ,argos to o!r commemorative fea/s ( ! ,deluge1 ,b\lang] 7vide infra1 i4 #hc7 says--,les ,argi5s avoi5t encore une autre fte p5dant laquelle ils prcipito5t dans un abme un agneau4444 ils toi5t arms de javel9es1 ils appelloi5t ,bac*us au son des trompettes et l'invitoi5t semontr] hors de l'eau2 cette app>ition n'arrivoit pas frquemm5t sans d\te 7comp4 supra1 #aig1 & #bcg74 ,plut>que rem>que que lors qu'ils prcipitoi5t l'agneau1 ils avoi5t so9 de ca*] leurs trompettes et leurs javel9es4 ,n\s ne prt5dons po9t expliqu] t\s ces my/res4 ,is x t !y fe>$1 ) arm$ weapons 9 _! h&s1 to evoke ! app>ition ( ! old man ^: conque/s 7 all peaceful 7p4 #baf71 & :o1 z ,manco ,capac 7p4 #cbf71 %ut 8 e>s :5 !y spoke to him ( w>4 ,let u n[ turn to 8 r$uplication1 z ,i conceive1 9 ,n91 or ,n9ip1 :o is said to be ! true fi% god4 ,8 names1 ,b> & ,n91 are respectively a ,semitic & a ,hamitic t]m1 signify+ ',"l1' or ',ma/]1' 7p4 #aff74 ,a/ronomically ,n9 %\ld be ,saturn4 ,h[ev]1 a set ( epi!ts :i* seem to po9t to 8 /ell> "* are v difficult to reconcile ) ! notion t1 z a cele/ial lum9>y1 he 0 7! d>k & di/ant7 ,saturn4 ,we f9d him call$1 ! light ( heav5 & e>?1 he :o1 l ! sun1 ! light ( ! gods1 irradiates ! nations4 ,all ?is is v difficult to reconcile ) leg5ds aris+ out ( ! simple wor%ip ( a cele/ial lum9>y1 b p]fectly consi/5t ) ! supposition ( ! patri>* ,noah1 aft] deification1 be+ locat$ 9 ! planet>y sy/em4 ,! phrase1 he :o1 l ! sun1 ! light ( ! gods1 irradiates ! nations1 is p]fectly applicable to him :o1 z ,oannes1 we h ev] reg>d$ z ! god ( sci5ce & ( k2 & :o taught a/ronomy & lett]s to ! fir/ settl]s on ! ,euphrates & ,tigris4 ,let u glance at ! o!r epi!ts appli$ to ,n9 9 ! inscriptions4 ,he is ! "l ( ! brave1 ! *ampion1 ! w>rior :o subdues foes1 he :o /r5g!ns ! he>ts ( 8 foll[]s4 ,! ,scripture m5tions ! repeat$ assurances ( ! ,almighty to ,noah1 t !re %\ld n be ano!r ,deluge2 & ! above is 9 keep+ ) ! tradition t ! e>ly inhabitants long hesitat$ to quit ! m\nta9s = ! pla9s1 & only did s incit$ by ! example ( ! patri>*4 ,! de/roy] ( enemies1 ! r$uc] ( ! disob$i5t1 ! ext]m9ator ( rebels1 he ^: sword is good4 ,l ,n]gal1 or ,m>s1 he is a god ( battle & ! *ase4 7,i %all ref] lat] on to ^! w>like epi!ts z appli$ to ,noah47 ,at ! same "t he has qualities :i* seem :olly unconnect$ ) any t h be5 hi!rto m5tion$4 ,he is ! true fi%-god ( ,b]osus1 & is figur$ z su* 9 ! ,scriptures4 7,i hope ,i may p]suade "s read]1 :o may be int]e/$ 9 ?is inquiry1 to comp>e ! figure ( ,n91 9 ,rawl9son1 i4 #afg1 ) figure #bc1 ,dupaix's ,new ,spa9 9 ,"l ,k+sbor\gh's ,mexico1 repres5t+ an emblematic figure ) fi%#afj 7z 9 ! repres5tation ( ,n97 ov] a human head1 :i* also has inv]t$ tusks4 ,comp>e also ) repres5tations ( ,neph1 associat$ ) snake & ram's head1 & also ) ,hi/ory ( ! ,fi%1 supra1 p4 #aig47 ,to cont9ue--9 ?is po9t ( view he 7,n97 is call$ ! god ( ! sea1 he :o dwells 9 ! deep2 & aga91 some:at curi\sly1 ! op5] ( ! aqu$ucts4 ,n[1 z appli$ to ,noah1 ?is is n at all /range1 & corresponds to ! ,scriptural phrase1 ,he op5$ ! f\nta9s ( ! deeps4 ,subsequ5tly to deification we _c be surpris$ to f9d all t 0 done by ! ,almighty attribut$ to ! individual to :om x 0 done2 z 9 ,prome!us we h a d\ble leg5d ( ! ,creator1 :o creat$ man ) ! vital sp>k1 & ( ,prome!us1 ! man :o 0 s creat$4 ,besides ^! epi!ts he has _m ( a m g5]al "*1 z '! p[]ful *ief1' '! supreme1' '! fav\rite ( ! gods1' '! *ief ( ! spirits1' & ! l4 #afj ,?is closely corresponds to ! description ( ,oannes giv5 by ,san*onia?on1 ,ap4 ,euseb4 7,bryant1 ii4 #cja71 i4e4 ) two heads 7comp4 infra1 p4 #bbj71 ! human head be+ plac$ bel[ ! head ( a fi%3--,greek3 alln kephaln hypokat ts t\ i*?yos kephals4 ,i mu/1 moreov]1 reque/ att5tion to ! foll[+ f ,rawl9son1 i4 #afh1--,n9's emblem 9 ,assyria is ! man-bull1 ! imp]sonation ( /r5g? & p[]4 ,he gu>ds ! palaces ( ! ,assyrian k+s1 :o reckon him _! tutel>y god1 & gives 8 "n to _! capital city4 ,we may conjecture t 9 ,babylonia 8 emblem 0 ! sacr$ fi%1 :i* is (t5 se5 9 diff]5t =ms ^u ! cyl9d]s4#afa #afa ,vide simil> traditions ( ! man-bull 9 ,india & ,japan4 ,bryant1 iii4 #ehi1 :o adds1 ,we %all f9d h]eaft] t 9 ?is 7,p>see7 my?ology !re 7 two anci5t p]sonages repres5t$ "u ! same "*1 & nam$ ,l',homme ,taureau2 ea* ( :om 0 look$ ^u z ! fa!r ( mank9d4 ,comp>e pp4 #aeh1 #ahi1 ! two ,m5us & ! two ,osiris4 ,i turn to ,ga9et1 i4 #aih1 & ,i f9d ?is leg5d conc]n+ ! man-bull f ,b]tr&'s ,dict4 des ,religions1 #ch1 i4 ii4#afb #afb ,! pray] us$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ,dionysos at ,elis1 pres]v$ by ,plut>*1 end$ ) ,greek3 ,axie ,taure--,axie ,taure1 wor?y bull6 7vide ,buns5's ,egypt1 iv4 #ddf47 ,comp>e p4 #bae ) ,dionysius ,bac*us ,noah2 also ( ! ?ree ,samo?racian names ( ! ,kabiri--viz41 ,axi]os1 ,axiok]se1 ,axiok]sos4 ,buns5 says1 ! syllable ,axi or ,axie :i* is f\nd 9 all ?ree1 _c be any?+ b ! ,greek ^w ',axios1' :i* 0 us$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ,dionysos at ,elis 7id41 vide infra74 ,on ?is symbol ( ! bull 9 connection ) ,noah & ! ,ark vide ,bryant 7ii4 #daf1 et seq4 #dci74 ,he says1 ,e p]sonage t _h any connection ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,ark 0 describ$ ) "s ref]5ce to ?is hi]oglyphic 444 t ! ,apis & ,mn5is 7,m5es7 7 bo? repres5tations ( an anci5t p]sonage is c]ta92 & :o t p]sonage 0 may be kn[n f ! acc\nt giv5 ( him by ,diodorus4 ,he speaks ( him by ! "n ( ,mn5es1 b conf9es 8 hi/ory to ,egypt1 z ! hi/ory ( ,saturn 0 limit$ to ,italy2 ,ina*us & ,phoroneus to ,argos2 ,deucalion to ,!ssaly 444 ! same p]son :o 9 ,crete 0 /yl$ ,m9os1 ,m9-n\s1 & ^: city 0 ,m9-,noa2 ! same :o 0 repres5t$ "u ! emblem ( ,m5-taur1 or ,m9o-taurus 7,m9otaur74 ,diodorus speaks ( ,mn5es z ! fir/ lawgiv]1 c41 c4444 ,mn5es or ,m5es may embody traditions ( ,noah & ,misraim1 z ,osiris does ( ,adam & ,noah4 ,at p4 #dbb-dce plate1 we f9d ,m5es repres5t$ z a bull ) ! sacr$ dove4444 ,plut>* 7,isis & ,osiris7 says ! bulls1 ,apis & ,mn5es1 7 sacr$ to ,osiris 444 & ,eu/a?4 79 ,dion4 v4 #cjh7 says ( ! ,tauric ,*]sonese1 t ! ,tauric nation 0 s nam$ f ! animal ,taurus or bull1 :i* 0 look$ ^u z a memorial ( ! great husb&man ,osiris1 :o fir/ taught agriculture1 & to :om 0 ascrib$ ! inv5tion ( ! pl\gh4 444 ,lycophron 7v4 #bji & s*olia7 says1 ,greek3 ,tauros1 ,greek3 ,dionysos4 ,plut>* says ,dionusus 7vide supra1 p4 #bjc7 0 /yl$ ,greek3 ,b\g5s1 or ! (fspr+ ( a bull1 by ! p ( ,argos1 :o us$ to invoke him z a resid5t ( ! sea1 & entreat him to come out ( ! wat]s4 ,! au?or ( ! ,orphic hymns calls him ,taurog5es4 ,greek3 ,taurog5s ,dionysos euphrosunn pore ,?ntois4 ,greek3 ,taurog5s1 is precisely ( ! same purport z ,greek3 ,?baig5s ark-born1 & ! words ( ?is passage c]ta9ly mean t ! ark-born deity ,dionusus re/or$ peace & happ9ess to mortals4 ,noah's "n 9 ,scripture signifies peace & consolation--,greek3 ,ne hebrasianapaysis 7re/71 ,hesy*ius4444 ,! title giv5 to ,diana--viz4 ,taurione1 is rem>kable1 = ,taurus 0 an emblem ( ! ,ark1 & by ,taurione 0 signifi$ ! arkite dove4 ,taurus1 & ione f ,greek3 ,o9as ( ! ,greeks1 & ,ionas ( ! ea/]n nations dove1 & curi\sly 9 an inscription 9 ,grut]1 ,diana is at ! same "t call$ ,reg9a und>um1 & decus nemorum 7,bryant1 ii4 #dcd74 ,! connection ( ,diana1 ,juno1 & ,v5us ) ! dove & ra9b[ is v /rik+1 b w\ld lead to too long a digression4 ,s1 too1 w\ld a discussion z to h[ ,noah or ! ,ark 7second>ily7 came to be associat$ ) ! bull1 z a hi]oglyphic4 ,comp>e ! above ) ! ox-heads & bull dance 9 ! ,m&an commemoration ( ! ,deluge1 infra1 *4 xi4 ,d'aprs les livres ,p>sis1 le s\v]a9 ,crateur sut que le mauvais gnie se disposait t5t] l'homme4 ,il ne jugea pas propos de l'emp*] p> lui-mme2 il se cont5ta d'envoy] des anges p\r veill] sur l'homme4 ,cep5dant le mal augm5ta2 l'homme se p]dit2 ,dieu envoya un ,deluge1 qui dura dix j\rs et dix nuits et dtruisit le g5re huma94 ,l'app>ition de ,kai\mons 7l'homme-taureau71 le premi] homme1 y e/ aussi prcde de la creation d'une gr&e eau4 ,"h1 9 a confus$ tradition1 ) ,adam--j z ,n9 is confus$ ) ,h]cules & ,saturn--! man-bull is app>5tly associat$ ) a great flood4 ,9 ! curi\s ,etruscan monum5t commemorative ( ! ,deluge--discov]$ 9 #afif--;& to :i* ,c>d9al ,wiseman draws att5tion 9 8 ,conf]5ces 7vide ,ga9et1 i4 #aij71 be+ a vase suppos$ to repres5t ! ark1 & conta9+ figures ( tw5ty c\ples ( 7#ab7 animals1 7#f7 birds1 7#b7 s]p5ts1 c41 & sev]al human figures repres5t$ 9 ! act ( escap+ f an inundation1 !re 7 also discov]$ c]ta9 signets & amulets4 ,^! consi/$ ( h&s jo9$1 heads ( ox51 & olives4 ,n[ ! olive 9 connection ) ! ,deluge w speak = itself1--! h&s jo9$ are ! symbol ( ,janus 7vide next *apt]71 & heads ( ox5--"h unmi/akably connect$ ) ! ,deluge--may also be conjectur$ to h allusion to ! man-bull above ref]r$ to4 ,?us ,n91 ?r\gh bo? 8 emblems 7bull & fi%71 is br\ght into contact ) ! ,noa*ic tradition4#afc ,x is also said 7,rawl9son1 i4 #agd7 ( ,n]gal1 vide supra1 :o is cle>ly id5tifi$ ) ,nimrod1--,aga91 if ,n]gal is ! man-lion1 8 association 9 ! build+s ) ! man-bull w\ld be exactly p>allel ) ! conjunction :i* we s con/antly f9d betwe5 him & ,n9 9 ! inscriptions4 #afc ,s9ce writ+ ! above ,i h f\nd ! foll[+ note 9 ,rawl9son's ,h]odotus1 i4 #fbc1 on ,n9ip3--,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r explanation ( ! "n ,b>-sam or ,bur-%em1 ( :i* "s notice mu/ be tak54 ,x has be5 already /at$ t if ! ,noa*id triad be comp>$ ) ! ,assyrian1 ,ana w correspond ) ,ham1 ,bel-,nimrod ) ,%em1 & ,hoa ) ,japhet4 ,! foll[+ passage1 also f ,rawl9son's ,h]odotus1 i4 #fji1 appe>s to me valuable 9 pro( ( ! transition f ance/ral to sol> wor%ip1 or at lea/ ( _! int]fusion3--,! sun 0 probably nam$ 9 ,babylonia bo? ,san & ,sanei1 be=e 8 title took ! def9ite ,semitic =m ( ,%amas1 by :i* he is kn[n 9 ,assyrian & 9 all ! languages ( t family4 ,n[1 /&+ by itself1 ?is might n appe> v significant2 b comp>e x ) ! foll[+ passages connect+ ,ham ) ! sun3--,by ! ,syrians ! sun & heat 7 call$ 444 ,*amba2 by ! ,p]sians1 ,hama2 & ! temple ( ! sun1 ! temple ( ,ammon or ,hammon4 ,mr ,bryant %[s t ,ham 0 e/eem$ ! ,zeus ( ,greece & ! ,jupit] ( ,latium4 ,mr ,g4 ,higg9s' ,anacalypsis1 p4 #de4 ,bryant says1 ! wor%ip ( ,ham1 or ! sun1 z x 0 ! mo/ anci5t1 s x 0 ! mo/ univ]sal ( any 9 ! _w4 ,^! passages may possibly be s int]pret$ z to support a sol> !ory1 b is x n at lea/ suspici\s to see ! "n ( ! c5tral lum9>y s app>5tly id5tifi$ ) hi/orical *>act]s ^: memory is di/9ctly pres]v$ aliunde 9 ! traditions ( _! desc5dants8 ,comp>e ,nimrod1 *4 viii4 #afd1 et seq4 ,x is true t ! majority ( ! inscriptions1 p4 #afi1 ass]t t ,n9 0 ! son ( ,bel-,nimrod4 ,?is may be ref]r$ to t t5d5cy1 previ\sly not$ 9 anci5t nations1 to place ! ance/or ) :om !y 7 !mselves id5tifi$ at ! head ( e g5ealogy4 ,"o inscription1 h[ev]1 makes ,bel-,nimrod ! son ( ,n9 in/ead ( 8 fa!r4 ,n91 9 any case1 is unque/ionably br\ght into close hi/orical relation%ip ) ,bel-,nimrod1 an hi/orical "*1 & we mu/1 9 f9e1 *oose :e!r we %all admit him to be ,noah--to :om all ! epi!ts w\ld apply--or :e!r1 ^u ! m lit]al con/ruction ( ! inscriptions1 we %all believe him to be "s nameless son or successor ( ,nimrod4 ,!re is "o god m 9 :om ,i fancy ,i see a c\nt]p>t ( ,noah1 or at lea/ a c\nt]p>t ( ,hoa & ,n9--viz4 ,,nebo4 ,i base my conclusion ^u ! epi!ts appli$ to him 9 common ) ,hoa & ,n91 & inconsi/5tly appli$ if1 accord+ to ! evid5ce1 p4 #agg1 my?ologically he 0 a deity ( no v great em95ce1 b 9 no way conflict+ ) ! supposition t he repres5t$ ! tradition ( ,noah1 ! c\nt]p>t to ! tradition ( ,hoa & ,n91 among "s subord9ate nationality1 & su* appe>s to be ! fact4 ,:5 ,nebo fir/ appe>s 9 ,assyria1 x is z a =eign god1 ^: wor%ip is br\ght ?i!r f ,babylonia1 p4 #agh4 ,( ,nebo x is said1 8 "n is ! same or ne>ly s1 bo? 9 ,babylonian & ,assyrian1 & we may p]haps assign x a ,semitic d]ivation1 f ! root 'nibbah1' to prophesy4 ,x is 8 special function to preside ov] k & le>n+4 ,he is call$ '! god :o possesses intellig5ce'--'he :o he>s f af>'--'he :o tea*es1' or 'he :o tea*es & in/ructs4' ,9 ?is po9t ( view he ( c\rse approximates to ,hoa1 ^: son he is call$ 9 "s inscriptions1 & to :om he be>s a g5]al resemblance4 ,l ,hoa1 he is symbolis$ by ! simple w$ge or arr[-head1 ! prim>y & ess5tial elem5t ( cunei=m writ+1 to m>k 8 jo9t presid5cy ) t god ov] writ+ & lit]ature4 ,at ! same "t ,nebo has1 l s _m ( ! ,*aldan gods1 a numb] ( g5]al titles1 imply+ div9e p[]s1 :i*1 if !y _h belong$ to him only1 w\ld h seem$ to prove him ! supreme deity4 ,he is '! "l ( lords1 :o has no equal 9 p[]1' '! supreme *ief1' '! su/a9]1' '! support]1' ! 'ev] ready1' '! gu>dian ov] ! heav5s & ! e>?1' '! "l ( ! con/ellations1' '! hold] ( ! sceptre ( p[]1' 'he :o grants to k+s ! sceptre ( royalty = ! gov]nance ( _! p' 7,rawl9son1 i4 #agg74 ,!re is j a possibility1 h[ev]1 t ,nebo may be ,sem or ,%em4 ,he w\ld be ! son ( ,hoa z ,nebo 0 /at$ to be4 ,i ?9k1 moreov]1 a /rik+ resemblance w be se5 betwe5 ! above epi!ts & ! traditions conc]n+ ,%em1 collect$ by ,calmet 7,dict4 ,sem47 ,! ,jews attribute to ,sem ! !ological tradition ( ! ?+s :i* ,noah taught to ! fir/ m54444 ,!y say t he is ! same z ,mel*is$ek4444 ,9 f9e1 ! ,hebrews believe t he taught m5 ! law ( ju/ice1 ! mann] ( c\nt+ ! mon?s & ye>s1 & ! int]calations ( ! mon?s4 ,!y pret5d t ,god gave him ! _s ( prophecy "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,deluge1 & t he cont9u$ to prophesy dur+ f\r hundr$ ye>s1 ) little fruit among mank9d1 :o _h become v corrupt4 ,me?odius says t he rema9$ 9 ! isle ( ! sun1 t he inv5t$ a/ronomy1 & t he 0 ! fir/ k+ :o rul$ ov] ! e>?4#afd #afd ,rawl9son says t !re is no d\bt t ,nebo repres5ts ! planet ,m]cury1 & betwe5 ! attributes ( ,m]cury or ,h]mes1 ! epi!ts ( ,nebo1 & ! traditions conc]n+ ,%em1 !re is some?+ 9 common4 ,he is ! god ( eloqu5ce & p]suasion--! god ( alliances & peace4 ,he contribut$ to civilise ! mann]s & cultivate ! m9ds ( ! p4 ,he unit$ !m by comm]ce & good laws4 ,! ,egyptian ,m]cury or ,?aut fir/ inv5t$ l&m>ks4 ,f9ally1 ,he 0 consult$ by ! ,titans1 8 relations1 z an augur1 :i* gave occasion to ! poets to describe him z int]pret] ( ! w ( ! gods4--,l',abbe de ,tressan1 ,my?ology4 ,! difficulty1 h[ev]1 is 9 und]/&+ h[ ! wor%ip ( ,%em came to ,assyria f ,babylonia4 ,i c only reconcile x ^u a !ory t all idolatry came f ,babylonia1 i4e4 f ! ,hamitic race4 ,!re rema9s a difficulty :i* w d\btless occur to e "o :o has read ! *apt] 9 ,rawl9son to :i* ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge myself s mu* indebt$1 & x is a difficulty :i* ,i ought1 p]haps1 to h dealt ) be=e2 & t is1 t !re is 9 ! pages ( ,rawl9son 7,i4 vii4 #ahd7 ! mo/ di/9ct id5tification ( ,noah ) ,xisu?rus4 ,( ?is !re c be no d\bt1 f 8 direct connection ) ! ,deluge1 ! circum/ances ( :i* are p]fectly record$ 9 ! ,babylonian tradition4#afe ,?is e/abli%es ! fact t ! tradition ( ,noah & ! ,deluge 0 /ill among !m :5 ,b]osus wrote4 ,b if ,xisu?rus is ,noah1 !n x may be said ,hoa1 ,oannes1 & ,n9 _c be ,noah4 ,x is a non sequitur1 b w /ill1 ,i fe>1 be v influ5tial ) _m4 ,x is difficult to und]/& ! t5d5cy to r$uplication1 & /ill m difficult to realise h[ a tradition s cle> & decid$ c\ld be contemporane\s ) o!r id5tical traditions s entangl$ & confus$4 ,i believe ?is explanation to be t ! acc\nt ( ,xisu?rus 0 "p ( ! esot]ic tradition to :i* ,rawl9son ref]s1 & :i* 0 also ! tradition ( _! le>n$ m5--,vix]e =tes ante ,agamemnon2--& we _c suppose t ,b]osus 7( :om we %\ld h kn[n no?+ if 8 works _h n be5 pres]v$ to u at ?ird or f\r? h&7 0 ! fir/ *ronicl] ( 8 nation4#aff #afe ,not)/&+ ! difficulty ( asc5d+ to s di/ant a p]iod1 !re w always be f\nd "s traces by :i* tru? may be discov]$4444 ,! hi/orian ,josephus relates t ! ,*aldans f ! e>lie/ times c>efully pres]v$ ! remembrance ( pa/ ev5ts by public inscriptions on _! monum5ts4 ,he says !y caus$ ^! annals to be writt5 by ! wise/ m5 ( _! nation4--,l',abbe de ,tressan1 ,hi/4 ( ,hea!n ,my?ology4 ,london1 #ahjf4 #aff ,i _h come to ! above conclusion ^u ! p]usal ( ,rawl9son1 & be=e ,i _h read ,bryant1 :o1 ,i f9d1 _h already come to ?is id5tical conclusion4 7,my?ology1 iii4 #aji47 ,speak+ ( ,b]osus' acc\nt ( ,oannes & ,xisu?rus1 he says1 ,! latt] 0 und\bt$ly tak5 f ! ar*ives ( ! ,*aldans4 ,! =m] is allegorical & obscure1 & 0 copi$ f hi]oglyphical repres5tations :i* c\ld n be precisely deciph]$4444 ,9 consequ5ce ( 8 borr[+ f records s v diff]5t1 we f9d him1 )\t 8 be+ appriz$ ( x1 giv+ two hi/ories ( ! same p]son4 ,"u ! "* ( ! man ( ! sea1 ^: "n 0 ,oannes1 we h an allegorical repres5tation ( ! great patri>*2 :om 9 8 o!r hi/ory he calls ,sisu?rus4 ,i %all pursue ?is inquiry into ! classical my?ology 9 ! next *apt]1 & !n recapitulate ! results z reg>ds ?is inquiry4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,! ,,tradition ,,( ,,noah ,,& ,,! ,,deluge4 ,i n[ come to a diff]5t set ( illu/rations /ill m g]mane to my subject4 ,calmet says3--,plusieurs scavans out rem>qu que les pagans ont confondu ,saturne1 ,deucalion1 ,ogyges1 le ,dieu ,coelus ou ,ouranus1 ,janus1 ,pro?e1 ,prom?e1 ,virtumnus1 ,bac*us1 ,osiris1 ,vadimon1 ,nisu?rus avec ,no4 ,i mu/ add t ?is enum]ation by no means exhau/s ! li/4 ,x is n my purpose1 h[ev]1 to pursue ! subject 9 all its ramifications4 ,i %all limit myself to ! exam9ation ( "o or two ( ^! c\nt]p>ts ( ,noah4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i4 ,& 9 ! fir/ place1 ,him ( mazy c\nsel1 ,saturn1 ! expression ( ,hesiod 7,greek3 t' ,iapeton te ide ,kronon agkylomtn71 ,hesiod4 ,!og4 v4 #ai1 :i* s well befits ! int]m$i>y betwe5 ,god & ! survivors ( ! ,deluge4 ,"u ,saturn1 z ,plut>* tells u1 0 ! gold5 age4 ,calmet says 7,dict4 ,saturne71 ,quant aux traits de ressemblance qui se tr\v5t entre ,no et ,saturne1 ils ne peuv5t tre plus s5sibles4#afg ,il 7,saturne7 e/ reprs5t avec une faulx comme inv5teur de l'agriculture#afh3 ,no e/ nomm 'vir agricola' 7,g54 ix4 #bj7 et il e/ dit qu'il comm5a cultiv] la t]re4 ,les ,saturnales1 qu'on clbrait dans le v9 et dans la lic5ce et o les s]viteurs s'galoi5t leurs maitres--m>qu5t l'ivresse de ,no et sa maldiction qui assujettit ,*anaan ses frres t\t gal qu'il leur toit p> sa naissance4 ,i h little d\bt t ?is ,bac*analian recollection orig9at$ ! tradition ( ! equality ( conditions 9 ! gold5 age1 contr>y to ! facts ( ,scripture & hi/ory4 ,on disoit que ,no avait dvor t\s ses enfans l'exception de ,jupit]1 de ,neptune1 et de ,pluton4 ,no vit prir dans les eaux du dluge t\s les hommes de son temps dont plusieurs toi5t ses p>5ts et plus jeunes que lui4 ,dans la /ile de l'criture on dit s\v5t que l'on fait ce qu'on n'emp*e pas1 ou mme ce que l'on prdit4 ,fur!r resemblances are trac$ 9 ,calmet4 #afg ,bo*>t also says 7,geog4 ,sacra1 lib4 i47 ,noam esse ,saturnum tam multa doc5t1 ut vix sit dubit&i locus4 #afh ,cum falce1 messis insigne4--,macrobius1 ,saturn4 ,n[1 ,i f9d 9 ,san*onia?on1#afi i4e4 9 ! mo/ anci5t ,pho5ician hi/orian1 a tradition runn+ exactly p>allel ) ?is ,greek tradition z int]pret$ by ,calmet3--,ces g5ies1 ces sages1 ces dieux1 n\s expliqu5t les autres dieux qui1 d'aprs ,b]ose1 =m5t l'homme du sang de ,blus1 et t\s les dieux que ,san*oniaton n\s reprs5te saisis d'p\vante la vue de ,saturne1 faisant prir p> le dluge son fils ,sadid4--7,le ,peuple ,primitif2 ,r\gemont1 i4 #cjc1 quot$ by ,ga9et1 iii4 #efa1 ) ref]5ce to ! wor%ip ( spirits47 ,i adduce x 9 evid5ce ( ! connection 9 tradition betwe5 ,saturn & ! ,deluge1 & 9 corroboration ( ,calmet's int]pretation1 :i* cle>s ! ,greek my? ( :at is grotesque & repulsive 9 x4 #afi ,san*onia?on1 vide supra ,m',l5nan 7*4 vii47 ,if ,i h suffici5tly id5tifi$ ,saturn ) ,noah & ! p]iod ( ! ,deluge1 ! l9es ( ,virgil 7neid1 #h? ,book1 #cae71 besides be>+ te/imony 9 ! same direction1 appe> to me to acquire a new mean+ & significance3-- ,primus ab !rio v5it ,saturnus ,olympo1 ,arma ,jovis fugi5s1 et regnis exul ademptis1 ,is g5us indocile1 ac disp]sum montibus altis ,composuit2 legesque d$it2 ,latiumque voc>i ,maluit4444 ,aurea1 qu p]hib5t1 illo sub rege fu]unt ,scula2 s$ placid populos 9 pace regebat1 ,det]ior donec paulatim ac discolor tas ,et belli rabies et amor successit hab5di4#agj #agj ,bryant 7,my?ology1 ii4 #bfa7 says3--,he is by ,lucian made to say ( himself ,greek3 oudeis hyp' em\ d\los n4 ,! ,lat9s 9 great measure conf9e 8 hi/ory to _! own c\ntry1 :]e1 l ,janus1 he is repres5t$ z ref9+ & modell+ mank9d1 & giv+ !m laws4 ,at o!r times he is introduc$ z prior to law2 :i* are seem+ contr>ieties v easy to be reconcil$4 ,!re 7 traditions also ( ,saturn 9 ,crete & ,sp>ta4--,bryant1 iii4 #dad4 ,all[+ = ! confusion incid5tal to ! deification ( ,noah 9 ! p]son ( ,saturn1 :i* necessitates 8 desc5t f heav51 ! re/ ( ! v]ses seem m]ely to describe :at is record$ 9 tradition1 if n impli$ 9 ! scriptural n>rative1 t ,noah1 a voyag] & exile1 8 possessions hav+ be5 lo/ 9 ! ,flood1 fly+ ! wra?--n inde$ z direct$ aga9/ himself1 b ! consequ5ces ( ! wra? ( ! ,almighty#aga--p]suad$ ! survivors ( ! ,flood to ab&on ! m\nta9s1 to :i* !y clung 9 fe> ( a second ,deluge1 & br\ght !m into ! pla9s1 incit$ & enc\rag$ by 8 example1--he :o1 if he be ! same 7vide supra1 #bjh1 #bji7 ) ,n9 & ,nebo1 we h se5 call$ ! su/a9]1 ! support]1 he :o /r5g!ns ! he>ts ( 8 foll[]s1 :o taught !m ! cultivation ( ! soil1 & ( :om x is n[ said m di/9ctly ?an we h se5 x h]et(ore /at$1 legesque d$it4#agb #aga ,vide supra1 p4 #baa4 #agb ,an indirect argum5t 9 pro( ( ! id5tity ( ,saturn & ,noah might be adduc$ if ,i _h space to incorporate ,b\lang]'s evid5ce ( ! c]emonies among ! anci5ts' commemoration ( ! ,deluge1 7,ve/iges d'usages hydrophoriques dans plusieurs ftes anci5nes et mod]nes74 ,?is be+ assum$1 is x n ( "s significance t :5 ! ,roman pontiffs proce$$ to ! banks ( ! ,tib] to p]=m _! annual 7commemorative7 c]emonial1 t !y %\ld make _! expiatory sacrifices to ,saturn8 ,! po9ts t ,bryant takes 7ii4 #bfb7 are v /rik+3--,he 0 look$ ^u z ! au?or ( "t1 ',ipse qui auctor temporum' 7,macrob4 i4 #bad74 ,8 m$als _h on ! rev]se ! figure ( a %ip4 ,!y repres5t$ him z ( an uncommon age1 ) hair :ite z sn[2 !y _h a notion t he w\ld return to second *ildhood4 ',ipsius autem canities primosis nivibus c&icabat2 licet etiam ille pu] posse fi]i cr$]etur4'--,m>tianus ,capella4 ,m>tial's address to him1 ?\gh %ort1 has 9 x some?+ rem>kable1 = he speaks ( him z a native ( ! =m] _w-- ',antiqui rex magne poli1 mundique prioris1 ,sub quo prima quies1 nec labor ullus erat4'--l4 #ab1 ,e4 #fc4 ,i h m5tion$ t he 0 suppos$1 ,greek3 katap9e91 to h swall[$ up 8 *ildr52 he 0 also said to h ru9$ all ?+s2 :i*1 h[ev]1 7 re/or$ ) a va/ increase4--,orphic ,hymn1 #ab1 v4 #c4 ,comp>e ,calmet1 supra1 pp4 #baa & #bab4 ,m>tianus ,capella & ,v>ro de ,l+4 ,lat4 lib4 i4 #ah1 call him ,sator1 a s[]1 ,saturnus ,sator4 ,n[ x is curi\s t ! anci5t ,g]mans _h a god ( ! "n ( ,sator4 ,he is describ$ by ,v]/egan z /&+ ^u a fi%1 ) a :eel 9 "o h&1 & 9 ! o!r a vessel ( wat] fill$ ) fruits & fl[]s4 ,n4,b4--,i 0 surpris$ to f9d 9 ,c>v]'s ,travels 9 ,nor? ,am]ica 7p4 #bhb7 ! phrase among ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 ( ?+s be+ done at ! in/igation ( ! ,gr& ,sautor4 ,!re is no d\bt mu* t is mon/r\s & grotesque 9 ! classical conception ( ,saturn1 b ,i mu/ aga9 sugge/ t z all traditions met 9 ,noah1 & 7 tradit$ ?r\gh him1 we mu/ n be surpris$ to f9d all ant$iluvian traditions confus$ 9 ,noah4 ,?us ev5 ! tradition ( ,lame*1 :i* we h se5 7vide supra1 #agh7 v>i\sly di/ort$ 9 ! leg5ds ( ,p]seus & ,o,edipus1 are aga9 repeat$ 9 ! leg5ds ( ,saturn4 ,!re are1 no d\bt1 also div]s a/ral complications aris+ out ( ,saturn's place 9 ! planet>y sy/em4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we are told t ,saturn 0 son ( ,coelus & ,tellus or ,coelus & ,ve/a1#agc ! same z ,t]ra 7,montfauon71 x seems to occur to u1 z a ?+ qui saute aux yeux1 t ?is 0 only a mode ( express+ a tru?1 applicable to all m5 9 g5]al1 & ,saturn z a primal prog5itor 9 p>ticul>1 & hav+ ref]5ce to ! composite nature ( man2 9 o!r words1 t ?is 0 simply ! tradition :i* ,noah w\ld h h&$ d[n t he 0 creat$1#agd z 7 all o!r m51 out ( ! e>?1 yet ) some?+ e!real 9 8 composition :i* came direct f ! ,deity4 ,:at ! a/ral explanation may be ,i am at a loss to imag9e4 ,x _c by any possibility be suppos$ to h ref]5ce to _! relative positions 9 ! heav5s4 #agc ,saturn is by ,plato suppos$ to h be5 ! son ( ,oceanus4--,bryant1 ii4 #bfa4 #agd ,vide ,auto*?ones1 *4 vii4 ,i %all return to ,saturn1 "u ! repres5tation ( ,oceanus1 :5 ,i come to speak ( ,janus4 ,,ii4 ,bac*us4--,! ,saturnalia may be tak5 z ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ,saturn & ,bac*us1 & ,i ?9k t x is suffici5tly rem>kable t !re %\ld be ?is l9k ( connection4 ,b z ! leg5ds ( ,saturn are n all d]iv$ f ,noah1 s nei!r d all ! traditions conc]n+ ,bac*us app]ta9 to ,saturn4 ,i %all simply sep>ate & note su* z appe> to me to be 9 common1 e4g4 t ,bac*us f\nd out ! mak+ ( w9e1 ! art ( plant+ trees1 & _m ?+s else commodi\s = mank9d4 ,& ,noah1 a husb&man1 began to till ! gr\nd1 & plant$ a v9ey>d1 & dr9k+ ! w9e 0 made drunk1 ,g54 ix4 #bj4age ,x is said !re 7 sev]al ,bac*uses4 ,?is may be only a r$uplication1 su* z we h se5 9 ! case ( ,oannes1 ,n91 & ,nebo1 or z 9 ! multiplications ( ,jupit]4 ,joves omnes reges voc>unt antiqui4#agf #age ,! ,scriptures tell u t ,noah cultivat$ ! v9e2 & all pr(ane hi/orians agree 9 plac+ ,bac*us 9 ! fir/ ages ( ! _w 79 pro( ( e>ly cultivation ( ! v9e74--,goguet1 ,orig9 ( ,laws1 i4 #aaf4 ,comp>e supra1 p4 #bac1 ,saturnus ,sator4 ,bryant says1 ,! hi/ory ( ,dionusus is closely connect$ ) t ( ,bac*us1 ?\gh !y are two di/9ct p]sons4 ,he supposes ,dionusus to be ,noah1 & ,bac*us ,ham4 ,b he may v well h embodi$ ! traditions ( bo?4 ,pausanius 7lib4 iii4 #bgb7 says ,dionusus 0 expos$ 9 an ark & wond]fully pres]v$4 ,he 0 also said to h be5 twice born1 & to h _h two fa!rs & two mo!rs1 9 allusion to ! two p]iods ( 8 exi/5ce sep>at$ by ! ,deluge4 ,dionusus 7,orphic ,hymn1 #dd1 #a7 is address$ z ,greek3 el!1 mak> ,dionyse1 pyrispore taur\metpe4 #agf ,! phrase ,fa!r ,bac*us1 curr5t among ! anci5ts 7vide ,hor4 ,odes4 i4 xviii47 has always /ruck me z s+ul>4 ,x is p]fectly congru\s ) ! tradition ( ,noah2 b :o w tell u its appropriate sol> or a/ral application8 ,on ?is subject ,montfauon says 7i4 #aee7agg apropos ( a po9t to :i* ,i %all aga9 ref]1 viz4 t ,bac*us 0 ,tauricornis4 ,diodorus ,siculus says t ! horns are only ascrib$ to ! second ,bac*us1 ! son ( ,jupit] & ,pros]p9e2 b ^! di/9ctions ( v>i\s ,bac*us 7 m9d$ only 9 ! m anci5t times1 h>dly kn[n 9 _! wor%ip4444 ,?is w also hold good ( mo/ ( ! o!r gods :o 7 multipli$ 9 ! same mann]4 #agg ,montfauon1 f :om ,i h quot$1 0 simply an antiqu>ian--a v erudite & labori\s antiqu>ian1 b "o ^: sole conc]n 0 to discrim9ate facts )\t ref]5ce to _! be>+s1 & :o w\ld h _h1 ,i h little d\bt1 a supreme contempt = ! speculations 9 :i* ,i h indulg$4 ,he says 9 8 preface--,i h a due reg>d = ^? great m5 :o h excell$ 9 ?is sort ( le>n+1 b mu/ own at ! same "t ,i h no ta/e = x4444 ,x signifies v little to u to "k :e!r !y :o tell u ,vulcan 0 ! same ) ,tubalca91 or !y :o say he 0 ! same ) ,moses1 make ! be/ guess 9 ! matt]4 ,?\gh ! g5]al op9ion may n incl9e any m n[ ?an !n to ! biblical int]pretation1 yet ,i ?9k a great *ange has tak5 place 9 public op9ion z to ! importance ( ! inquiry4 ,triptolemus 0 also said to h be5 ! inv5tor ( ! pl\gh & ( agriculture1 & ( civilisation1 :i* is ! result ( x1 & to h in/itut$ ! ,elus9ian my/]ies4 ,l ,bac*us he is also said to h ridd5 all ov] ! e>?1 mak+ m5 acqua9t$ ) ! bless+s ( agriculture4--,smi?4 ,my?4 ,dict42 vide also infra1 p4 #bbd3 ,deucalion4 ,vicomte d',anselme 7,ga9et1 i4 #bbd71 asks ) ref]5ce to 8 ,greek "n ( ,dionysius1 ,p\rquoi les ,grecs donnai5t-ils le nom de ,dionysos ou de div9 ,n\% 7dios n\s ou ,no7 l'inv5teur du v98--,vide supra1 *4 ix42 vide also ,ga9et1 i4 #bbe4 ,bac*us is by "s call$ ,tauricornis 7comp>e supra1 p4 #bjc1 ,n97 or ,bucornis1 & moreov] he is frequ5tly s repres5t$1 7i4e4 n only ) ! horn 9 h&1 a bull's horn1 z he is sometimes1 :i* might be a dr9k+ horn or cornucopia1 9 its way emblematical ( ! vir agricola71 b also ) horns on ! head4 ,horace calls him ,bicornig]1 ,orpheus1 ,greek3 ,b\k]s2 ,nic&]1 ,greek3 ,taurok]s4--,montfauon1 i4 #adg1 #aee2 comp4 p4 #bjd1 note to ,n94 ,"o ,bac*us1 ,cic]o tells u1 0 ,k+ ( ,asia & au?or ( ! ,laws call$ ,subazian4--,montfauon1 i4 #add4 ,x is1 moreov]1 said t ,bac*us travell$ ?r\gh all nations z f> z ,india1#agh do+ good 9 all places1 & tea*+ _m ?+s pr(itable to ! life ( man4 ,8 conque/s are said to h be5 easy & )\t blood%$4 ,b x is also not$ t amid/ 8 b5evol5ce to mank9d1 he 0 rel5tless 9 puni%+ all want ( respect = 8 div9ity1 & inde$ ! conduct & puni%m5t ( ,*anaan may be said to be n>rat$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,p5!us4--,vide ,montf4 i4 #afa4agi #agh ,dionusus l ,bac*us came to ,india f ! we/4--,philo/ratus1 lib4 ii4 #fd2 ,byrant1 ii4 #gh4 ,! ,indian ,bac*us appe>s 9 ! "* ( a wise & di/+ui%$ ori5tal mon>*2 8 features an expression ( sublime tranquillity & mildness4--,smi?1 ,my?4 ,dic4 #agi ,?is appe>s to me /ill m app>5t 9 ! #bf? ,idyll ( ,!ocritus1 :]e1 :5 ! ,bac*anals 7 at _! revels1 ,p]*$ on ! %e] cliff ,p5!us w\ld espy ,all4444 7,= pr(an+ ?us ^! my/]ies weird t mu/ n be pr(an$ by vulg> eyes1 ,p5!us is torn to pieces by ! ,bac*anals74444 ,w>n$ by ?is tale1 let no man d>e defy ,great ,bac*us2 le/ a dea? m awful %\ld he die4 ,& :5 he c\nts n9e ye>s or sc>cely t5 ,ru% to 8 ru94 ,may ,i pass my days ,uprightly1 & be lov$ by upright m54 ,& take ?is motto1 all :o covet praise 7',twas gis-be>+ ,jove t spoke x fir/71 ,! godly se$ f>es well1 ! wick$ is accur/4 --,cav]ley's ,!ocritus1 xxvi4 ,?is seems to be> out :at is p]haps only vaguely impli$ 9 ! sacr$ text t ! curse 0 on ,*anaan--! boy & 8 po/]ity--& n on ! :ole race ( ,*am4--,vide ante3 also comp>e ! ,bac* ( ,euripides1 9 ! foll[+ passage f ,grote's ,plato 7iii4 #ccc73--,s 9 ! ',bac*' ( ,euripides1 ! two old m51 ,kadmus & ,teiresias1 aft] va9ly attempt+ to inculcate ^u ,p5!us ! belief 9 & ! wor%ip ( ,dionysus1 at la/ appeal to 8 prud5ce & admoni% him ( ! dang] ( unbelief2 :i*1 if x be tradition1 w\ld look z if ,*anaan's (f5ce 0 only ! f9al & ov]t expression ( previ\s unbelief4 ,,iii4 ,janus4--,janus repres5t$ ! mo/ anci5t tradition ( ,noah 9 ,italy2 subsequ5t migrations br\ght 9 ! leg5d ( ,saturn1 & ?us we f9d !m v>i\sly conf\nd$--,saturn sometimes figur+ z 8 gue/1 sometimes z 8 son1 sometimes z 8 colleague on ! ?rone4 ,l ,saturn he appe>s z d\ble-head$ or bifrons1 he is said to h introduc$ civilisation among ! wild tribes ( ,italy1 & "u him1 z "u ,saturn1 !re appe>s to h be5 a gold5 age4 ,i h made ref]5ce to ,saturn z ,oceanus 7vide ,montfauon1 i4 #e71 & z ,oceanus 8 repres5tations are v rem>kable4 ,9 "o he appe>s z an old man sitt+ on ! waves ( ! sea1 ) a sea mon/] on "o side ( him1 & 8 spe> or rod 9 8 h&4 ,9 ano!r z sitt+ on ! waves ( ! sea ) %ips ab\t him2 he is hold+ an urn & p\rs out wat]1 ! symbol ( ! sea1 & also ( riv]s & f\nta9s4 ,b ,janus is also repres5t$ 9 8 m$als ) a pr[ ( a %ip on ! rev]se1 & he is said to h fir/ inv5t$ cr[ns1 %ips1 & boats1 & to h co9$ ! fir/ money4 ,accord+ to ! acc\nts ( my?ologi/s1 says ,macrobius1 all families 9 ! "t ( ,janus 7 full ( religion & hol9ess4 ,x5on says he 0 ! fir/ t built temples & in/itut$ sacr$ rites1 & 0 !re=e always m5tion$ at ! beg9n+ ( sacrifices4 ,) ref]5ce to 8 description z bifrons1 ,macrobius says 7"s say7 he 0 s call$ because he knew ! pa/ & future ?+s4444 ,"s pret5d to prove t ,janus is ! ,sun1 & t he is repres5t$ ) two faces1 because he is ma/] ( ! two doors#ahj ( heav51 & op5s ! day at 8 ris+ & %uts x at 8 sett+4 #ahj ,vide ,dr ,smi?'s ,my?4 ,dict4 art4 ,janus3--,:]eas ! wor%ip ( ,janus 0 introduc$ at ,rome by ,romulus1 t ( ,sol 0 in/itut$ by ,titus ,tatius4 ,a good second>y explanation is1#aha t z ,janus always began ! ye> 7:5ce ,janu>y7 ! two heads d look on & import ! old & new ye>2 b !n occurs ! "q--& ?is is :y ,i submit t x is only a second>y explanation--h[ came ,janus to comm5ce ! ye>8 #aha ,if ,janus is all[$ to h be5 id5tifi$ ) ,saturn 7supra7 we may see ?r\gh ! analogy ( ,saturn h[ ^! second>y functions came to be attribut$ to him--,saturn 0 also ,*ronos t ,*ronos ,noah1 vide ,palm]'s ,egypt4 ,*ron41 i4 p4 #fj2 b1 z ,dr ,smi? says1 !re is no resemblance betwe5 ! deities1 except t bo? 7 reg>d$ z ! mo/ anci5t deities 9 _! respective c\ntries4 ,z ,*ronos simply p]sonifies antiquity itself1 ?is only means t ,saturn 0 ! mo/ anci5t deity4 ,:5 subsequ5tly he became m]g$ 9 ,*ronos1 8 anci5t sickle became conv]t$ into a scy!4 ,dr ,smi? 7,dict4 ,my?47 says1 ,he held 9 8 h& a crook$ prun+ knife1 & 8 feet 7 surr\nd$ ) a wooll5 rib&2 & ,goguet 7,orig9 ( ,laws1 i4 #id7 says1 ,all old traditions speak ( ! sickle ( ,saturn1 :o is said to h taught ! p ( 8 "t to cultivate ! e>?4--,plut4 i4 p4 #b1 #bge2 ,macrob4 ,sat41 lib4 i4 #bag4 ,goguet 7,orig9 ( ,laws1 i4 #bhc7 says1 ,sev]al critics are ( op9ion t ! ,janus ( ! anci5ts is ! same ) ,javan ! son ( ,japhet1 ,g54 x4 #c4 ,x may af=d a clue if ,i adv]t to ! circum/ance t :il/ 9 ! ,pho5ician alphabet 7vide ,buns5's ,egypt4 iv4 #bij1 #bic1 #big71 ,dagon1 ,dagan ,corn 7! ,fi%-man1 vide supra1 p4 #bjj71 /&s = ! lett] ,d4 ,! door is its hi]oglyphic equival5t4 ,?us we get 9 /range juxtaposition :at we may call symbols1 connect+ ,janus ) ! ,fi%-god & ) ! god ( agriculture4--,vide supra1 p4 #bjj1 & infra4 ,9 ! nom5clature ( ! cal5d> connect$ ) any sy/em ( h]o wor%ip1 wor%ip ( ance/ors1 or ev5 _s wor%ip1 :o m fitly *os5 to comm5ce ! ye> ?an ,janus1 suppos+ him to be ,noah8 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two :at we may call prim>y explanations1 & we mu/ take our *oice4 ,! epi!t is ei!r appli$ to him1 z exactly accord+ ) ! rem9isc5ce ( ,noah1 :o 0 pre-em95tly acqua9t$ ) ! pa/ & ! future2 or we c take ! a/ral explanation t ,janus 0 call$ ,bifrons1#ahb because he op5$ ! sun at 8 ris+ & %ut x at 8 sett+4 ,z a symbol ( ,noah ?is d\ble head appe>s to me v simple & natural1 ,noah =m+ ! connect+ l9k betwe5 ! ant$iluvian & mod]n worlds2 b z appli$ to ! ,sun or to ,janus z 9 relation to ! ,sun1 ev5 all[+ = p]sonification1 ?is tw(old head ( man /rikes me z incongru\s 9 ! extreme4 ,besides1 if x be all[$ t x might apply to ,saturn & ,janus ?r\gh ! connect+ idea ( ,*ronos1 h[ does x apply to ,bac*us8 ,let u press ?is argum5t fur!r4 ,"h is a symbol common to ,bac*us1 ,saturn1 & ,janus1 & comb9+ h>moni\sly 9 ea* in/ance ) ! repres5tation ( ,noah4 ,c ?is symbol1 common to ^! ?ree1 comb9e ev5 congru\sly ) any sol> or a/ral leg5d8 ,i h some:]e se5 x not$ z suspici\s & z t5d+ to confirm ! sol> !ory t ^! my?ological p]sonages all j\rney f ea/ to we/1 & meet _! fate 9 ! ev5+4 ,b is ?is s8 ,h we n j se5 t ,bac*us1 accord+ to my?ology1 travell$ f ! we/ into ,india8 #ahb ,bryant 7,my?ology1 ii4 #bed7 says1 ,_m p]sons ( great le>n+ h n scrupl$ to det]m9e t ,noah & ,janus 7 ! same4 ,by ,plut>* he is call$ ,greek3 ,iannos1 & repres5t$ z an anci5t pr9ce :o reign$ 9 ! infancy ( ! _w4444 ,he 0 repres5t$ ) two faces1 ) :i* he look$ bo? =w>ds & backw>ds2 & f h5ce he _h ! "n ( ,janus ,bifrons4 ,"o ( ^! faces 0 t ( an ag$ man2 b 9 ! o!r 0 (t5 to be se5 ! c\nt5ance ( a "y & beautiful p]sonage4 ,ab\t him 444 _m emblems4444 ,!re 0 p>ticul>ly a /aff 9 "o h&1 ) :i* he po9t$ to a rock1 f :5ce issu$ a pr(usion ( wat]4 ,9 ! o!r h& he held a key4444 ,he _h g5]ally ne> him "s resemblance ( a %ip4444 ,plut>* does n acc$e to ! common notion 7t x 0 ! %ip t br\ght ,saturn to ,italy71 b /ill makes x a "q :y ! co9s ( ?is p]sonage bore on "o side ! resemblance ( ,janus ,bifrons1 & on ! o!r ! repres5tation ( ei!r ! h9d "p or ! =e "p ( a %ip4444 ,he is said to h fir/ compos$ a *aplet1 & to him !y attribut$ ! inv5tion ( a %ip4 ,^u ! ,sicilian co9s 7at ! temple7 ( ,eryx 8 figure (t5 occurs ) a tw(old c\nt5ance1 & on ! rev]se is a dove encircl$ ) a cr[n1 :i* seems to be ( olive4 ,he is repres5t$ z a j man & a prophet 7comp4 pp4 #bjg-bjh71 & _h ! rem>kable *>act]i/ics ( be+ 9 a mann] ! au?or ( "t & ! god ( ! ye>4 ,b n only 7 ,saturn1 ,janus1 & ,bac*us repres5t$ z bifrons1 b s also 0 ,cecrops4 ,cecrops w pres5t a difficulty ! m 9 ! way ( any sol> !ory2 b ,cecrops1#ahc l all f\nd]s or suppos$ f\nd]s ( /ates1 has some?+ 9 common ) ,noah4 ,l ,saturn & ,janus 9 ,italy1 ,cecrops 0 said to h br\ght ! population ( ,attica into cities1 to h giv5 !m laws1 taught !m ! wor%ip ( ! idols1 plant$ ! olive1 & f9ally1 0 repres5t$ z half man1 half s]p5t4#ahd #ahc ,mega/h5es /at$ t ! fir/ k+ 7( ,india7 0 ,dionysus4 ,he f\nd a rude population 9 a savage /ate1 clo!d 9 sk9s1 unacqua9t$ ) agriculture1 & )\t fix$ habitations4 ,! l5g? ( 8 reign is n giv54 ,! introduction ( civilization & agriculture is a natural allusion to ! immigration ( ! ,aryans into a c\ntry inhabit$ by ,turanian races4444 ,fifte5 g5]ations aft] ,dionysus1 ,h]cules reign$4444 ,n[ all ?is is obvi\sly pure ,indian tradition4 ,dionysus is ! eld] ,manu1 ! div9e primeval man1 son ( ! ,sun 7,vivasvat74 ,he holds ! same position 9 ! primeval hi/ory ( ,india z does ,jima or ,gem%id1 ano!r "n ( ! primeval man 9 ! ,iranian _w4444 ,! fir/ era1 !n1 is repres5t$ by ,mega/h5es z hav+ f\rte5 g5]ations ( human k+s1 ) a god z ! f\nd] & a god z ! de/roy] ( ! dyna/y1 9 all fifte5 or sixte5 g5]ations4--,buns5's ,egypt1 iii4 #ebh4 ,comp>e ^? fifte5 g5]ations ) ,palm]4 ,comp>e ! confusion ( ,dionysus & ,h]cules ) ,deucalion & ,prome!us1 c41 p4 #bcb4 ,pelasgus among ! ,arcadians pass$ = ! fir/ man & ! fir/ legislator 7,b\lang]1 i4 #acc74 ,( ,cadmus1 too1 x is said--,greece is indebt$ to him = alphabetical writ+1 ! art ( cultivat+ ! v9e1 & ! =g+ & work+ ( metals4--,goguet1 ii4 #da4 #ahd ,vide supra1 ,oannes1 *4 ix42 vide ,smi?1 ,my?4 ,dict4 ,to return to ,janus4 ,be=e conclud+ ,i mu/ note t ,janus is call$ ,eanus by ,cic]o1 :i* may p]haps h analogy ) ,hea & ,hoa 7*4 ix471 & ) ,eannes & ,oannes1 al?\gh ,cic]o d]ives x f eundo4 ,janus 0 also call$ consivius a cons]5do1 because he presid$ ov] g5]ation1 a title s+ul>ly appropriate to ,noah z ! second f\nd] ( ! race1 & ?r\gh :om ! injunction 0 giv5 to increase & multiply4#ahe ,he is moreov] call$ ,quir9us or ,m>tialis1 because he presid$ ov] w>1 :i* is precisely ! aspect "u :i* x is ! orig9al & ma9 purpose ( ?is diss]tation to consid] ,noah2 & "h ,i ?9k ,i am entitl$ to urge1 t if ,i h succe$$ on o!r gr\nds 9 %[+ t ,n91 ,hoa1 ,janus1 c41 repres5t$ ,noah1 !n t ^! epi!ts1 ,quir9us1 ,m>tialis1 ,k+ ( ,battle1 c41 c only be appli$ to him ^: conque/s 7 bloodless 9 ! s5se ( controll+ & regulat+ w>4#ahf ,9 connection ) ?is title ( ,m>tialis1 z appli$ to ,janus--&1 by ! by1 all ! traditions conc]n+ him are altoge!r peaceful & bloodless--x w be rememb]$ t 8 temple 0 op5 9 w> & %ut 9 peace1 & clos$ = ! ?ird & la/ "t at ! mom5t ( ! bir? ( our ,"l4 #ahe ,all nations h giv5 ! hon\r ( ! discov]y ( agriculture to _! fir/ sov]eigns4 ,! ,egyptians said t ,osiris 7vide supra1 p4 #bjd7 made m5 desi/ f eat+ ea* o!r1 by tea*+ !m to cultivate ! e>?4 ,! ,*9ese annals relate t ,g9-,hoang1 "o ( ! fir/ k+s ( t c\ntry1 inv5t$ agriculture1 & by t means collect$ m5 into society1 :o be=e _h w&]$ 9 ! fields & woods l brute bea/s4 7,goguet1 ,orig9 ( ,laws47 ,i ne$ n rem9d ! read] t ,goguet's le>n$ "w is n writt5 f our po9t ( view4 ,comp>e infra1 p4 #bdj4 #ahf ,vide1 *ap4 xiii4 ,gold5 age1 ,mexican tradition4 ,8 "n 0 also invok$ fir/ 9 religi\s c]emonies1 because1 z presid+ ov] armies1 c41 ?r\gh him only c\ld pray]s rea* ! immortal gods4 ,is n ?is a rem9isc5ce ( ! communications ( ! ,almighty to man ?r\gh ,noah8 ,,iv4 ,ogyges & ,deucalion4--,i might pass ov] ^! traditions ( ,noah1 s9ce1 hav+ ref]5ce only to ! fact ( ! ,deluge & ! p]sonality ( ,noah1 !y w n furni% matt] = ! special purpose ( ?is inquiry2 b on ^! gr\nds ! inve/igation may be ju/ifi$1 & moreov] seems necess>y1 = ! completion ( ?is *apt]1 & to indicate ! indep5d5t s\rce & d]ivation ( ! classical tradition4 ,x appe>s to me manife/ t ! deluges ( ,ogyges & ,deucalion 7 nei!r locally hi/orical nor p>tial deluges1 b m]ely ! rem9isc5ces ( ! univ]sal ,deluge4 ,( ! univ]sal ,deluge1 :e!r we call x ! ,mosaic ,deluge or n1 !re is evid5ce & tradition 9 all p>ts ( ! _w2 ?\gh 9 e in/ance x is localis$ 9 its details & its hi/ory ( ! survivors4#ahg #ahg ,al?\gh ! great] numb] ( ^! traditions h be5 localis$1 yet 9 almo/ e case we %all f9d embodi$ 9 !m "s "o incid5t or o!r ( ! univ]sal ,deluge1 z record$ by ,moses4 ,kalis* 7,hi/4 & ,crit4 ,comm5t>y on ! ,old ,te/am5t7 says3--,x is unnecess>y to obs]ve t !re is sc>cely a s+le feature 9 ! biblical acc\nt :i* is n discov]$ 9 "o or sev]al ( ! hea!n traditions2 & ! co9cid5ces are n limit$ to desultory details1 !y ext5d to ! :ole outl9es1 & ! v t5or & _s ( ! n>rative2 444 & x is c]ta9 t none ( ^! acc\nts are d]iv$ f ! pages ( ! ,bible--!y are indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4444 ,!re mu/ indisputably h be5 a common basis1 a univ]sal s\rce1 & ?is s\rce is ! g5]al tradition ( primitive g5]ations4 ,x is n1 ,i ?9k1 g5]ally kn[n h[ widespread ^! traditions are4 ,l',abb ,ga9et has collect$ "s ?irty-five 7,la ,bible sans la ,bible72 b ,mr ,catl9 7vide infra1 p4 #bde7 says he f\nd ! tradition ( a deluge among "o hundr$ & tw5ty tribes :i* he visit$ 9 ,nor?1 ,s\?1 & ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,?is accords ) ,humboldt's te/imony 7,kalis*1 i4 #bjd71 :o f\nd ! tradition ( a g5]al deluge vividly ent]ta9$ among ! wild tribes peopl+ ! regions ( ,or9oco4 ,to ^! ,i mu/ add ! evid5ce ( ! indirect te/imony ( ! commemorative c]emonies :i* ,i h collect$ 9 ano!r *apt] 7vide p4 #bdb74 ,x has be5 said t ! ,*9ese tradition is too obscure to be adduc$1 b we %all see 7p4 #fe7 :e!r1 :5 9 contact ) o!r traditions1 x _c be made to give light2 & ,i %all ref] my read]s to ! pages ( ,mr ,palm] 7supra1 p4 #ga7 = evid5ce ( ! tradition 9 ,egypt1 :]e x _h h]et(ore be5 believ$ t no su* evid5ce 0 to be f\nd4 ,9 ,india 7vide *4 ix47 ! tradition is embodi$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,manu & ! fi%2 & ,buns5 7,egypt1 iii4 #dgj7 admits t !re is evid5ce 9 ! ,v$as1 h[ev] slight1 t ! flood does =m a "p ( ! rem9isc5ces ( ,iran4 ,vide also p4 #fh1 evid5ce ( ! tradition 9 ,ca%m]e4 ,i wi% also to direct att5tion "h to two rec5t & important te/imonies to ! exi/5ce ( ! tradition 9 ,india & ! ,himalayan range4 ,at pp4 #aea & #dej ( ,hunt]'s ,b5gal1 x w be se5 t ! ,santals h a di/9ct tradition ( ! ,creation1 flood1 intoxication ( ,noah1 & ! disp]sion2 & ( ! ,v$ic evid5ce1 :i* ,buns5 7supra1 #bbc7 calls slight1 ,mr ,hunt] says3--,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,sanscrit /ory ( ! ,deluge1 l t 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 makes no my/]y ( ! matt]4 ,a %ip is built1 se$s are tak5 on bo>d1 ! %ip is pull$ ab\t = "s "t by a fi%1 & at la/ gets on %ore ^u a peak ( ! ,himalayas4 ,dr ,hook] 7,himalayan ,j\rnal1 ii4 #c7 says3--,! ,lep*as h a curi\s leg5d ( a man & woman hav+ sav$ !mselves on ! summit ( ,t5dong 7a v f9e m\nta91 #hfac feet7 dur+ a flood :i* once delug$ ,sikhim1 :i* he au!nticates on ! spot4 ,"h1 z 9 _m ( ,mr ,catl9's in/ances ( local tradition1 ,i may obs]ve t ! ev5t z record$ proves ! univ]sality ( ! ,deluge = ! re/ ( ! _w1 or at lea/ all ! _w bel[ ! level ( ,t5dong4 ,9 speak+1 h[ev]1 ( ! univ]sal ,deluge 7univ]sal z f> z ! human race are conc]n$71 ,i d n ent] into ! geological argum5t1 or exclude ! view 7p]missible ,i believe1 vide ,reus*1 p4 #cfh1 & note to ,rev4 ,h4 ,j4 ,col]idge's f\r? s]mon on ,! ,latt] ,days7 t x 0 n geographically univ]sal4 ,i m]ely adh]e to ! te/imony ( tradition1 & f ?is po9t ( view x w\ld suffice 7vide ,reus*7 t x 0 univ]sal s f> z ! horizon ( ! survivors ext5d$4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 !re is no?+ to be said aga9/ ! possibility ( subsequ5t p>tial inundations1 !re w1 ,i suppose1 always be f\nd p]sons ready to ma9ta9 t ! deluges ( ,ogyges & ,deucalion 7 p>tial & hi/orical2 al?\gh ,i submit t ! argum5ts :i* 7 =m]ly us$ to prove ! priority ( ,ogyges to ,deucalion1 & ! po/]iority ( bo? to ! g5]al ,deluge1 turn$ ^u po9ts ( *ronology :i* w h>dly be su/a9$ at ! pres5t day4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,i c succe$ 9 %[+ t ! deluge ( ,deucalion is id5tical ) ! deluge ( ,noah1 ,i %all consid] t ,i %all h also prov$ ! po9t = ! deluge ( ,ogyges1 :i* all agree to h be5 mu* old]6 ,! foll[+ is ,mr ,grote's n>rative collat+ ! diff]5t traditions respect+ ! deluge ( ,deucalion3-- ,deukalion is important 9 ,grecian my?ical n>ration "u two po9ts ( view4 ,fir/1 he is ! p]son specially sav$ at ! "t ( ! g5]al deluge2 next1 he is ! fa!r ( ,helln1 ! great eponym ( ! ,hell5ic race2 at lea/ t 0 ! m curr5t /ory1 ?\gh !re 7 o!r /atem5ts :i* made ,helln ! son ( ,zeus4 ,?is 0 m]ely ! incipi5t process ( ! apo!osis ( _! m imm$iate f\nd]4 ,! enorm\s iniquity ) :i* ! e>? 0 contam9at$1 z ,apollodorus says1 by ! !n exi/+ braz5 race1 or1 z o!rs say1 by ! fifty mon/r\s sons ( ,sykorn1 provok$ ,zeus to s5d a g5]al deluge4 ,! latt] acc\nt is giv5 by ,dionys4 ,halic4 i4 #ag2 ! =m] seems to h be5 giv5 by ,hell5ikus1 :o affirm$ t ! ark aft] ! ,deluge /opp$ ^u ,m\nt ,o?rys1 & n ^u ,m\nt ,p>nassus 7,s*ol4 ,p9d4 ut supra71 ! =m] be+ suitable = a settlem5t 9 ,!ssaly4 ,i h already po9t$ out h[ ! g5]al tradition is ev]y:]e localis$4 ,an unremitt+ & t]rible ra9 laid ! :ole ( ,greece "u wat] except ! highe/ m\nta9-tops1 :]e a few /raggl]s f\nd refuge4 ,deukalion 0 sav$ 9 a *e/ or ark1 :i* he _h be5 =ew>n$ by 8 fa!r ,prome!us to con/ruct4 ,aft] he _h float$ = n9e days on ! wat]1 he at l5g? l&$ on ! summit ( ,m\nt ,p>nassus4 ,zeus he>+1 s5t ,h]mes to him1 promis+ to grant :atev] he ask$4 ,he pray$ t m5 & companions might be s5t him 9 8 solitude3 accord+ly ,zeus direct$ bo? him & ,pyrrha to ca/ /ones ov] _! heads1 ^? ca/ by ,pyrrha became wom51 ^? by ,deukalion m54 ,& ?us ! '/ony race ( m5' 7if we may be all[$ to translate an etymology :i* ! ,greek language pres5ts exactly1 & :i* has n be5 disda9$ by ,hesiod1 by ,p9d>1 by ,epi*>mes1 & by ,virgil71 came to t5ant ! soil ( ,greece4 ,deukalion on l&+ f ! ark sacrific$ a grateful (f]+ to ,zeus ,phyxios1 or ! ,god ( ,escape2 he also erect$ alt>s 9 ,!ssaly to ! twelve great gods ( ,olympus4 ,! reality ( ?is deluge 0 firmly believ$ ?r\gh\t ! hi/orical ages ( ,greece 7localis+ x1 h[ev]1 & po/-dat+ x to #aebh ,b4,c47 ,/atem5ts f\nd$ ^u ?is ev5t 7 9 circulation ?r\gh\t ,greece ev5 to a v late date4 ,! ,mag>ians 444 & 9 ! magnific5t temple ( ! ,olympian ,zeus at ,a!ns1 a cavity 9 ! e>? 0 %[n1 ?r\gh :i* x 0 affirm$ t ! wat] ( ! ,deluge _h retir$4 ,ev5 9 ! "t ( ,pausanias ! prie/s p\r$ into ?is cavity holy (f]+s ( meal & honey4 ,9 ?is1 z 9 o!r p>ts ( ,greece1 ! idea ( ! ,deukalionian deluge 0 bl5d$ ) ! religi\s impressions ( ! p1 & commemorat$ by _! mo/ sacr$ c]emonies4--,grote's ,hi/ory ( ,greece1 vol4 i4 *4 v4 #acb1 #acc1 ,! ,deluge4#ahh #ahh ,mr ,grote c]ta9ly says--,apollodorus connects ?is deluge ) ! wick$ness ( ! braz5 race 9 ,hesiod1 accord+ to ! practice g5]al ) ! logograph]s ( /r++ toge!r a sequ5ce out ( leg5ds totally unconnect$ ) ea* o!r4 ,"o w\ld h ?\ght 9 "o's simplicity t if any two leg5ds l9k$ well toge!r1 unit+ 9 common agreem5t ) ! scriptural acc\nt1 x w\ld be ! leg5ds ( ! ,deluge & ! braz5 age4 ,mr ,max ,mll] 7comp4 ,my?41 ,*ips41 ii4 #ab71 incid5tally speak+ ( ! leg5d ( ,deucalion1 treats x ) great contempt4 ,:at is m ridicul\s1 he says1 ?an ! my?ological acc\nt ( ! creation ( ! human race by ,deucalion & ,pyrrha ?r[+ /ones beh9d !m 7a my? :i* owes its orig9 to a m]e pun on ,greek3 laos & ,greek3 laas74 ,& ridicul\s x c]ta9ly is f any po9t ( view f :i* ,mr ,max ,mll] c\ld reg>d x1 i4e4 ei!r z ! inv5tion ( a my?ic p]iod1 or z a fugitive allegory aris+ out ( "s a/ral or sol> leg5d3 p] contra1 ,i %all submit t !re is no?+ =c$ 9 suppos+ t ?is leg5d arose out ( "s "o ( ! processes ( corruption to :i* all tradition is prone1 ( ! kn[n fact t ! human race 0 re-propagat$ by ,deucalion or ,noah4#ahi ,if ,i am ask$ to expla9 h[ x came ab\t t !re %\ld h be5 ?is id5tity betwe5 ! ^w = a man & a /one1 ,i mu/ simply confess my ignorance4 ,p]haps if ,mr ,max ,mll] c\ld be br\ght to look at ?+s m f ! po9t ( view ( biblical traditions1 he might be enabl$ to see x4 ,all t ,i c sugge/ is1 t p]haps x may h a common orig9 ) t ,hom]ic expression quot$ by ,mr ,max ,mll] at p4 #age 7vide supra71 ,?\ art n sprung f ! old5 tree or f ! rock4 ,i consid] t ,i %all def9itely e/abli%1 h[ev]1 t x orig9ates 9 a tradition & n a m]e pun1 & at any rate t x is n local1 x is n ,greek4 ,x is no d\bt s+ul> t ! ^w = man1 ,greek3 laos1 populus1 %\ld s closely resemble ! ^w = a /one1 ,greek3 laas2 b n only is ?is co9cid5ce f\nd 9 ! ,greek1 b we %all see t x is widely spread 9 all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,9 pro(1 ,i adduce ! foll[+ extract f ,dr ,hook]'s inaugural lecture at ,norwi* 9 #ahfh1 7s9ce ! publication ( ,mr ,max ,mll]'s "w73-- ,x is a curi\s fact t ! ,khasian ^w = a /one1 'man1' z commonly occurs 9 ! names ( _! villages & places z t ( man1 ma51 & m5 does 9 ^? ( ,brittany1 ,wales1 ,cornwall1 c42 ?us ,mansmai signifies 9 ,khasia ! ,/one ( ,oa?2 ,manloo1 ! ,/one ( ,salt2 ,manflong1 ! ,grassy ,/one2 & j z 9 ,wales ,p5 mn maur signifies ! ,hill ( ! ,big ,/one2 & 9 ,britanny a ,m5hir is a /&+ /one1 & a ,dolm5 a table /one1 c4#aij #ahi ,let ! significance ( ! foll[+ co9cid5ce be consid]$ 9 connection ) ! evid5ce at p4 #bdd1 ,b\lang]1 ,ces ftes 7,a!niasmes1 ',an?i/]ies'7 avoi5t p\r objet une commmoration 7( ! ,deluge7 et l'on en attribuoit la fondation ,deucalion2 elles toi5t aussi consacres ,bac*us1 ce qui les a fait nomms les anci5nes ou les gr&es ,bac*anales4--,comp4 *4 xi4 p4 #bdd1 also supra1 #bac4 #aij ,x is ! fa%ion to d]ide ,bryant's etymology1 & no d\bt he did n write 9 ! light ( mod]n sci5ce2 b ,i f9d 7,my?ology1 iii4 #ecd7 t he _h already giv5 ?is in=mation4 ,ma91 f :5ce mo5ia1 signifi$ 9 ! primitive language a /one1 or /ones1 & also a build+4 ,"h x is se5 t ! ^w = /one 9 ^! respective places is ! same ) our ^w man2 x is n specifically said t ! ^w w\ld c>ry ?is s5se also 9 ! places indicat$1 b ,i inf] x f ! analogy :i* runs ?r\gh homo1 homme1 & by a connection ( ideas ?r\gh ! ,greek ,greek3 mos to ! ,sanscrit--?us ma-ad 7,greek3 mos-ed71 are names appli$ 9 ! ,sanscrit to b>b>ians :o are cannibals4 7,max ,mll]1 ii4 p4 #dd47 ,& ,i am n sure t ,mr ,max ,mll] does n say s directly1 9 ref]5ce to ! ^w ,brahman1 = al?\gh ! ^w orig9ally is said to mean p[] 7i4 #cfc71 yet ano!r ^w ) ! acc5t on ! la/ syllable1 is ,brahmn1 ! man :o prays4--,max ,mll]1 i4 #gb4aia ,also ,k5rick 7,essay on ,primval ,hi/ory1 p4 #ei71 ,?us ! ,h9dus attribute ! orig9 ( _! in/itutions & race to ,manu1 ^: "n is equival5t to man4 ,! ,g]mans made ,tui/o 7,teuts*7 & 8 son ,mannus to be ! orig9 & f\nd] ( _! nation4 ,also ,sir ,w4 ,jones' ,asiat4 ,res4 i4 #bcj2 ,rawl9son's ,bamp4 ,lect4 lect4 ii4 #fg3--;,f ,manu ! e>? 0 re-peopl$1 & f him mank9d receiv$ _! "n ,manud%a4 ,ga9et 7i4 #agj7 says3--,! /ones *ang$ !n into m5 by ,deucalion & ,pyrrha1 are !y n _! *ildr5 accord+ to nature8 ,9 ,syriac ! ^w ',eb5' signifies equally a *ild & a /one4 ,9 spite ( ^! confusions _! acc\nts ( ! ,deluge are /rik+ z well on acc\nt ( _! resemblance1 z on acc\nt ( _! univ]sality1 z ! read] w soon be able to conv9ce himself4--,vide ,ga9et1 i4 #afg4aib #aia ,mr ,max ,mll]1 9 8 ,lectures on ! ,sci5ce ( ,language1 fir/ s]ies1 says ( ,man3--,! ,lat9 ^w 'homo1' ! ,fr5* 'l'homme' 444 is d]iv$ f ! same root1 :i* we h 9 'humus1' soil1 'humilis1' humble4 ,homo1 !re=e1 w\ld express ! idea ( be+ made ( ! du/ ( ! e>?4444 ,!re is a ?ird "n = man4444 ',ma1' 9 ! ,sanscrit1 means to measure4444 ',man1' a d]ivative root1 means to ?9k4 ,f ?is we h ! ,sanscrit ',manu1' orig9ally ?9k]1 !n man4 ,9 ! lat] ,sanscrit we f9d d]ivations su* z ',mnava1 ,mna%a1 ,manu%ya1' all express+ man4 ,9 ,go?ic we f9d bo? 'man1' & ',maunisk1' ! mod]n ,g]man 'maun1' & 'm5s*4' ,!re 7 _m m names = man1 z !re 7 _m names = all ?+s 9 anci5t language4 ,z an in/ance ( ! correspond5ce ( ,old ,egyptian & ,wel%1 ,buns5's ,philosophy ( ,univ4 ,hi/41 i4 #afi1 gives ,egyptian1 'man' rock/one2 ,wel%1 'ma52' ,iri%1 'ma9' 7coll4 ,lat91 'mo5ia2' ,hebrew1 'e-b5'74 ,& 7p4 #gh7 ,buns5 says--,! div9e ,mannus1 ! ance/or ( ! ,g]mans1 is absolutely id5tical ) ,manus1 :o1 accord+ to anci5t ,indian my?ology1 is ! ,god :o creat$ man anew aft] ! ,deluge1 j z ,deucalion did4 #aib ,! ,saturday ,review1 ,nov4 #ad1 #ahfh 7review+ ,! ,indian ,tribes ( ,guiana1 by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,brett71 says ( ! ,indian traditions3--,! 'old p's /ories' ( ! creation & ! deluge are highly *>act]i/ic4444 ,"u ! rule ( ,sigu1 son ( ,maikonaima1 ! tree ( life 0 plant$1 9 ^: /em 7 p5t up ! :ole ( ! wat]s :i* 7 to be let =? by measure to /ock e riv] & lake ) fi%4 ,tw>rika1 ! mis*iev\s monkey1 =c$ op5 ! magic cov] :i* kept d[n ! wat]s1 & ! next m9ute 0 swept away ) all ?+s liv+ by ! bur/+ flood4 ,! re-peopl+ ( ! _w1 z describ$ by ! ,tamanacs ( ! ,or9oco recalls ! leg5d ( ,deucalion4 ,"o man & "o woman took refuge on ! m\nta9 ,tamanacu4 ,!y !n ?rew ov] _! heads ! fruits ( ! ,mauritia 7or ,ita7 palm1 f ! k]nel ( :i* sprang m5 & wom5 :o once m peopl$ ! e>?4 ,b if ! :ole human race 7 re-propagat$ by ,deucalion & ,pyrrha1 h[ are we to locate ! ant]ior leg5d ( ,ogyges1 occurr+ among ! same p8 ,x is b>ely possible t ! memory ( a long antec$5t & p>tial deluge may h rema9$ 9 ! memories ( ! survivors ( ! subsequ5t & univ]sal calamity1 b ! mu* m reasonable conjecture seems to be t x 0 by a diff]5t *annel ! rem9isc5ce ( ! same ev5t4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t x 0 ! ,ogygian deluge :i* 0 said to h be5 p>tial & to h inundat$ ,attica4 ,! deluge ( ,deucalion by all acc\nts1 except by ,p9d>1 0 consid]$ to h be5 univ]sal1 & corresponds 9 its details ) ,mosaic acc\nts1 e4g4 x 0 univ]sal1 cov]+ ! tops ( ! highe/ m\nta9s2 x 0 caus$ by ! depravity ( mank9d2 ! s+le pair :o 7 sav$1 7 sav$ 9 a %ip or an ark1 & float$ _m days on ! wat]s4 ,9 ! end1 !y settl$ on ! top ( a m\nta91 w5t to consult ! oracle 7z ,noah is said to h sacrific$ & to h _h communications ) ,god71 & re-peopl$ ! e>?4 ,! v]sion ( ,lucian gives p>ticul>s :i* br+s ! tradition to almo/ exact correspond5ce4 ,deucalion & 8 wife 7 sav$ 7on acc\nt ( _! rectitude & piety7 toge!r ) 8 sons & _! wives4 ,he 0 accompani$ into ! ark by ! pigs1 horses1 lions1 & s]p5ts1 :o came to him 9 pairs4 ,if ! acc\nt ( ,lucian is some:at rec5t1 on ! o!r h& x is ! acc\nt ( a pr(ess$ sc(f]1 & moreov]1 %[s :at ,i d n rememb] to h se5 not$ f ?is po9t ( view t ! tradition 0 common to ,syria z well z ,greece4 ,?is br+s u to ! contr>y1 b1 z x appe>s to me1 mu* less =midable objection--be>+ 9 m9d t ! tradition ( ! ,deluge is common to ,mexico1 ,india1 ,*9a1 ! isl&s ( ! ,pacific1 c4 c4--viz4 t ! tradition came to ,greece f ,asia4 ,?is is ,mr ,k5rick's objection#aic 7vide ,preface to ,grote's ,hi/ory ( ,greece1 #b;d ed47 ,! mo/ direct1 &1 z x appe>s to me1 suffici5t answ]1 seems to be t x 0 necess>ily s2 s9ce1 ex hypo!si1 ! population itself came to ,greece f ,asia4 ,mr ,k5rick says1 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! tradition ( ,deucalion's flood is old] ?an ! "t :5 ! int]c\rse ) ,greece began to be frequ5t1 i4e4 ab\t ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 7p4 #ca47 ,b z ! ,septuag9t1 accord+ to ,mr ,k5rick himself1 c\ld n h influ5c$ ,greece till ! ?ird c5tury1 ?is tradition c only h be5 ! primeval tradition4 ,mr ,k5rick is a fair oppon5t1 & ,i mu/ d him ! ju/ice to add t he repudiates ! ,voltairean sugge/ion t ?is tradition orig9at$ 9 a ,hebrew inv5tion4 ,if !n ! inhabitants ( ,greece1 :o came orig9ally f ,asia1 _h n ! tradition1 or _h x imp]fectly1 :5 !y arriv$1 x c only h be5 because !y _h lo/ x2 b z admitt$ly !y recov]$ x at a lat] p]iod1 ! presumption1 ev5 on ?is %[+1 is1 at lea/ = ^? :o c realise h[ difficult x w\ld be to make a pure fiction1 z di/+ui%$ f a corrupt tradition1 run curr5t1 m especially among diff]5t nationalities & dur+ a l5g!n$ p]iod1--t :5 circum/ances br\ght !m aga9 into contact ) ,asia1 !y add$ fre% incid5ts1 only because !y f\nd ! tradition fre%] !re ?an among !mselves4 ,voila t\t6 = ,mr ,k5rick's :ole argum5t dep5ds entirely ^u ?is--t z we rea* ! "t :5 ! ,greeks enjoy$ m ext5sive & leisurely communication ) ,asia1 ?r\gh ! conque/s ( ,alex&] 444 we f9d new circum/ances introduc$ into ! /ory :i* assimilates x m closely to ! ,asiatic tradition4 #aic ,essay on ,primval ,hi/ory4 ,x has be5 all[$ 7vide supra7 t ! tradition ( ,deucalion is z old z ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 &1 n to speak ( ! deluge ( ,ogyges1 connect$ ) :at 0 e>lie/ 9 ,grecian hi/ory1 ! foll[+ passage f ,k5rick seems to me 9 evid5ce ( long antec$5t traditions among ! ,greeks !mselves1 :i* !y mu/ h br\ght ) !m orig9ally f ,asia4#aid #aid ,accord+ to ! calculations ( ,v>ro1 ! deluge ( ,ogyges occurr$ #djj ye>s be=e ,ina*us1 i4e4 #afjj ye>s be=e ! fir/ ,olympiad1 :i* w\ld br+ x to #bcgf ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era2 n[1 accord+ to ! ,hebrew text1 ! ,deluge ( ,noah took place #bcdi ,b4,c41 :i* makes only a diff]5ce ( #bg ye>s4 ,x is true t _m o!r au?ors h reconcil$ ^! epo*s4 ,hesiod & ,hom] are sil5t on ! subject ( bo? ,deucalion & ,ogyges4444 ,x results f ^! consid]ations t ! traditions ( ! anci5t nations ( ! _w confirm ! n>rative ( ,g5esis1 n only z to ! exi/5ce1 b ev5 z to ! epo*1 ( ?is cata/rophe z fix$ by ,moses4 ,m]sius 7apud ,gronovium1 iv4 #ajbc7 cites m ?an tw5ty anci5t au?ors :o speak ( ,ogyges z app]ta9+ 9 _! eyes to :at 0 mo/ primitive 9 ,greece4 ,he is son ( ,neptune4 ,he is ! fir/ f\nd] ( ! k+dom ( ,!bes4 ,s]vius repres5ts him z com+ imm$iately aft] ,saturn & ! gold5 age :i* directly connects ,noah ) ,saturn1 & ! gold5 age ) ,noah4 ,hesy*ius says ( ,ogyges t he repres5t$ all t 0 mo/ anci5t 9 ,greece4 ,t1 inde$1 pass$ into a prov]b2 !y said1 'old z ,ogyges1' z if !y said1 'old z ,adam' 7,ga9et1 i4 #bbi74 ,mr ,k5rick says 7p4 #ca73-- ,! acc\nt ( ,deucalion1 giv5 by ,apollodorus 7i4 #g1 #b71 be>s evid5t m>ks ( be+ comp\nd$ ( two fables orig9ally di/9ct1 9 "o ( :i*1 & probably ! old]1 ! desc5t ( ! ,hell5es 0 trac$ ?r\gh ,deucalion to ,prome!us & ,p&ora1 )\t m5tion ( a deluge4 ,9 ! o!r1 ! de/ruction ( ! braz5 race by a flood1 ! re-peopl+ ! e>? by ! ca/+ ( /ones1 is relat$ 9 ! common way4 ,t ^! two n>ratives _c orig9ally h belong$ to ! same my?s is evid5t f _! incongruity2 = z mank9d 7 creat$ by ,prome!us1 ! fa!r ( ,deucalion1 !re 0 no "t = !m to h pass$ ?r\gh ^? /ages ( deg5]acy by :i* !y rea*$ ! depravity ( ! braz5 age4 ,"h are evid5tly two e>ly traditions1 o/5sibly ,greek1 di/9ct1 x is true1 yet p]fectly compatible4 ,! "o ! tradition ( ,grecian desc5t ?r\gh ,noah to ,adam & ,eve1 ! o!r ! tradition ( ! ,deluge4 ,b aft] :at we h already se5 7vide supra1 pp4 #aeg1 #aeh7 ( r$uplications & inv]sions1 c a s]i\s argum5t be bas$ ^u ! expression t ,deucalion 7,noah7 0 ! son ( ,prome!us 7,adam78#aie ,is x n a mo/ natural & inevitable faon-de-p>l] to connect ! desc5dant directly & imm$iately ) 8 remote ance/or1 e4g4 ,fils de ,/ ,l\is--fils de ,l\is ,capet--montez au ciel6 #aie ,9 ! same way we f9d ,m5tuhotep1 or ,sesortas5 ,i4 nam$1 :5 all o!r ance/ors are omitt$1 z ! sole connect+ l9k betwe5 ,amosis 7xviii4 dyna/y7 & ,m5es4 ,vide ,palm]'s ,egyptian ,*ronicles1 i4 #che4 ,s1 too1 are ,fohi 7:om ,i believe to be ,adam7 & ,%9-nong 7,noah7 connect$ & l9k$ toge!r 9 ,*9ese *ronology4 ,i4 ,fohi ! great ,brilliant 7,tai-hao71 cultivation ( a/ronomy & religion z well z writ+4 ,he reign$ #aaj ye>s4 ,!n came fifte5 reigns4 ,,ii4 ,%9-nong 7div9e husb&man74 ,in/itution ( agriculture comp>e ante1 *4 x4 ,! k ( simples appli$ z ! art ( m$ic9e4--,buns5's ,egypt1 iii4 #chc1 *ap4 on ,*9ese ,*ronology4 ,vide ante1 #fa2 *ap4 on ,tradition1 p4 #abi2 ,prome!us4 ,i d n ( c\rse attempt1 )9 ?is n>r[ compass1 to grasp ,mr ,k5rick's entire view4 ,i am m]ely deal+ ) ! special argum5t2 b x is curi\s to note h[ ! l9e ( reason+ adopt$ by ,mr ,k5rick1 :il/ x su/a9s ! ,greek traditions1 z traditions 7?\gh n ,greek71 unconsci\sly neutralises ! argum5ts :i* w\ld dispose ( ! te/imonies d]iv$ f !m1 by say+ t !y 7 n traditions ( a g5]al1 b ( a local & a p>tial deluge4 ,^! latt] argum5ts appe> to h _h weight ) "o aga9/ :om ,i h>dly v5ture to run c\nt]1 ,fr$]ick ,s*legel 7,phil4 ( ,hi/4 p4 #gi7--,! irruption ( ! ,black ,sea into ! ,?racian ,bosphorus is reg>d$ by v compet5t judges 9 su* matt]s z an ev5t p]fectly hi/orical1 or at lea/1 f its proximity to ! hi/orical times1 z n comp>atively ( s primitive a date4 ,comp>e ) passage f ,mr ,k5rick4#aif ,s*legel adds3--,all ^! great physical *anges are n necess>ily & exclusively to be ascrib$ to ! la/ g5]al ,deluge4 ,! presum$ irruption ( ! ,m$it]ranean into ! ocean1 z well z _m o!r m]e p>tial revolutions 9 ! e>? & sea1 may h occurr$ mu* lat]1 & q ap>t f ?is great ev5t 7p4 #gi74 ,b x may also h occurr$ mu* e>li]1 z is cle> f ! foll[+ passage f ,s*legel1 to :i* ,i wi% to direct ! att5tion ( geologi/s1 & 9 :i* ,s*legel speaks accord+ to ! orig9al insight ( 8 own m9d1 & n 9 def]5ce to ! op9ions ( o!rs3-- ,^! words 7'! e>? 0 )\t =m & void1 & d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! deep2 b ! ,_s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s1' ,g54 x471 :i* ann\nce ! presage ( a new morn ( ,creation1 n only repres5t a d>k] & wild] /ate ( ! globe1 b v cle>ly %[ ! elem5t ( wat] to be /ill 9 pr$om9ant =ce4 ,ev5 ! division ( ! elem5ts1 ( ! wat]s above ! firmam5t1 & ( ! wat]s bel[ x1 on ! second day ( creation1 ! p]man5t limitation ( ! sea = ! =mation & visible appe>ance ( ! dry l&1 necess>ily imply a mighty revolution 9 ! e>?1 & af=d additional pro( t ! ,mosaic hi/ory speaks n only ( "o b ( _m cata/rophes ( nature1 a circum/ance t has n be5 ne> en\gh att5d$ to 9 ! geological int]pretation & illu/ration ( ! ,bible4--,s*legel1 p4 #hb4 #aif ,k5rick 7p4 #cg7 says3--,! fact ( traces ( ! action ( wat] at a high] level 9 anci5t times on ^! %ores is unque/ionable2 "u ! "n ( rais$ bea*es su* ph5om5a are famili> to geologi/s on _m coa/s2 b t ! tradition 79 ,samo?race7 0 produc$ by speculation on its cause1 n by an obscure recollection ( its occurr5ce1 is also cle>2 = x has be5 %[n by physical pro(s t a dis*>ge ( ! wat]s ( ! ,eux9e 7,black ,sea7 w\ld n cause su* a deluge z ! tradition suppos$ 7,cuvi]1 ,disc4 sur les ,revolutions du ,globe1 ed4 #ahbf74 ,if ^! speculations 7 made at ! comm5cem5t ( ,grecian hi/ory1 & ! speculations _h ref]5ce to evid5ce ( diluvian disruption along ! highway by :i* !y pass$ into ,greece1 %\ld we n expect t !ories ( ! viol5t r ?an ! g5tl] & gradual action ( wat] w\ld dom9ate 9 _! geological tradition8 ,colonel ,george ,gre5wood1 9 ,ra9 & ,riv]s1 p4 #b1 says on ! contr>y--7) ref]5ce to ! !ory t valleys are =m$ by 'ra9 & riv]s'7--,!re is1 p]haps1 no cre$ ( man :i*1 l ?is1 c be trac$ up to ! mo/ remote antiquity1 & trac$ d[n f ! mo/ remote antiquity to ! pres5t day4 ,lyell has himself quot$ ,py?agoras = x1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,ovid3-- ',eluvie mons e/ d$uctus 9 quor ,quodquo fuit campus vallem decursus aqu>um ,fecit4' ,b ,py?agoras only enunciates ! doctr9e ( ,ea/]n antiquity2 t is1 ( ! ,egyptians1 ! ,*aldans1 & ! ,h9doos4 ,b s9ce ,py?agoras introduc$ ?is doctr9e 9 ! ,we/1 if x has ev] slumb]$1 x has p]petually re-orig9at$4 ,lyell %[s t among ! ,greeks x 0 taught by ,ari/otle2 among ! ,romans by ,/rabo2 among ! ,s>ac5s by ,avic5na2 9 ,italy by ,moro1 ,g5eselli1 & ,t>gioni2 & 9 ,engl& by ,ray1 ,hutton1 & ,playfair4--,ra9 & ,riv]s1 by ,col4 ,george ,gre5wood4 ,longmans1 #ahff4 #b;d edit4 ,! po9t t is mat]ial to ?is discussion is to decide :e!r or n ^? disruptions 9 ,?race are hi/orical & subsequ5t to ! ,deluge4 ,n[1 "h ,mr ,k5rick's ma9 !ory1 t speculation is ! s\rce ( tradition1 comes 9 ) fatal effect to dispose ( ! argum5ts ,i am combat+1 & yet 9 no way at ?is po9t militates aga9/ ! view ,i am urg+1 t ^! suppos$ inundations 7 localisations ( ! tradition ( ! g5]al ,deluge :i* ! ,pelasgi br\ght ) !m f ,asia4 ,mr ,k5rick says 7p4 #cf73-- ,x 0 a ,greek3 logos1 a popul> leg5d1 among ! ,greeks1 t ,!ssaly _h once be5 a lake1 & t ,neptune _h op5$ a passage = ! wat]s ?r\gh ! vale ( ,tempe 7,h]od4 #g1 #abi74 ,! occupation ( ! banks ( ! riv]s ( ?is di/rict by ! ,pelasgi tribes1 :i* mu/ h be5 subsequ5t to ! op5+ ( ! gorge1 is ! e>lie/ fact 9 ,greek hi/ory1 & ! 'logos' itself no d\bt orig9at$ 9 a v simple speculation4 ,! sight ( a n>r[ gorge1 ! sole outlet ( ! wat]s ( a :ole di/rict1 naturally sugge/s ! idea ( its hav+ once be5 clos$1 &1 z ! necess>y consequ5ce1 ! inundation ( ! :ole region :i* x n[ s]ves to dra94 ,n[1 if ?is reason+ is j1 x seems to e/abli% two ?+s pretty conclusively3 ,fir/1 ,t ! curr5t leg5d among ! ,greeks 0 n ! tradition ( a local deluge2 b1 if n a rem9isc5ce1 0 at any rate ! obs]vation ( ! evid5ces ( a deluge previ\s to _! arrival4 ,moreov]1 ! deluge ( _! tradition exce$+ ! actual facts is 9 evid5ce ( _! recollection ( an ev5t adequate to su* effects4 ,second1 ,t ! tradition1 if x arose out ( a speculation1 mu/ h aris5 out ( a speculation made 9 ! e>lie/ comm5cem5t ( ,greek hi/ory4 ,x is difficult to reconcile ! latt] conclusion ) ,mr ,k5rick's view t ! tradition 0 import$ f ,asia 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,x is impossible to reconcile ! =m] ) ! acceptation ( a local & hi/orical inundation 9 ! "t ( ! ,ogyges & ,deucalion ( popul> hi/ory4 ,?is digression on ! leg5d ( ,deucalion has l$ me away f :at is prop]ly ! subject-matt] ( ?is inquiry2 & ,i !re=e propose n[ to summ>ise ! results ( ! la/ two *apt]s4 ,to pursue ! tradition ( ,noah 9 all its ramifications w\ld ext5d ! inquiry beyond ! scope :i* is necess>y = ! purposes ( my argum5t4 ,x w h be5 se51 ,i ?9k1 t my object has n be5 m]ely antiqu>ian rese>*4 ,i h s\ght to br+ into prom95ce ! rem9isc5ces ( ,noah1 :i* recall him at any rate z ! depository ( ! traditions1 if n ! expositor ( ! sci5ce ( mank9d1 z ! *annel1 if n ! f\nta9-head1 ( law1 :i* ?us became ! law ( nations--z ! int]m$i>y ?r\gh :om ! communications ( ! ,mo/ ,high pass$ to mank9d1 & "u ^: au?ority mank9d held toge!r dur+ "s ?ree hundr$ ye>s4#aig #aig ,g54 vi4 #ah2 viii4 #ae2 vi4 #ac2 ix4 #h2 viii4 #bj2 ix4 #bj2 & ,ecclesia/icus xliv4 #a1 #c1 #d1 #ai1 ,! cov5ants ( ! _w 7 made ) ,him4 ,let me collect m directly & m fully ! epi!ts 9 ?is s5se :i* are disp]s$ 9 ! above traditions4 ,we h se5 t ,calmet prop]ly id5tifies ,saturn ) ,noah2 t accord+ to ,virgil & ,plut>* "u ,saturn 0 ! gold5 age2 ,saturn ( :om ,hesiod says3--,him ( mazy c\nsel1 ,saturn2 t 9 ! tradition1 z we see x 9 ,virgil1 he is describ$ z br++ 8 scatt]$ p into social life1 & ! noticeable phrase is us$ legesque d$it2#aih t 9 ,bac*us1 directly connect$ ) ,saturn ?r\gh ! ,saturnalia1 we also see mu* 9 8 *>act]i/ics 9 common ) ,saturn1 all :i* equally id5tifies him ) ,noah2 & ,bac*us1 z we are told by ,cic]o1 0 ! au?or ( ! laws call$ ,subazian4#aii ,9 ,janus1 too1 we f9d great resemblances to ,saturn1 & 9 ! v respects :i* w\ld id5tify him ) ,noah4 ,"u ,janus z "u ,saturn 0 ! gold5 age1 & x is add$ t 9 ! "t ( ,janus1 all families 7 full ( religion & hol9ess1 & al?\gh 8 rule is describ$ z s+ul>ly peaceful1 he is call$ ,quir9us & ,m>tialis1 z presid+ ov] w>4 ,! clos+ & op5+ ( 8 temple1 too1 _h a conspicu\s & direct connection ) peace & w>4 #aih ,i feel ju/ifi$ 9 br++ 9 atte/ation also ! foll[+ v]ses ( ! ,oracula ,sybill9a1 =1 z ,i h already said1 ev5 if !y be =g]ies ( ! second c5tury ,a4,d41 !y at any rate repres5t ! tradition at t date 7i4 v4 #bgj73-- ,no fidelis amans qui s]vata p]iclis ,egr$]e aud5t]1 simul et cum conjuge nati ,tresque nurus3 et vos t]r loca va/a replete1 ,crescite multiplice num]o1 sacrataque jura ,tradite natorum natis4444 ,h9c nova prog5ies h9c tas aurea prima ,exorta e/ hom9um4444 444 a/ illo se tempore regia primum ,imp]ia o/5d5t t]ris quum fo$]e facto ,tres ju/i reges1 divisis p>tibus quis1 ,sceptra diu populis impon5t sanctaque trad5t ,jura viris4444 ,comp>e also ! foll[+ v]ses 7,orac4 ,sybil1 i4 #ade7 ) ! ,v$ic tradition 7infra1 p4 #bch7 ( ! promise made to ,satiavrata1 & ! ,babylonian tradition respect+ ,hoa 7infra73 444 ,collige1 ,no1 tuas vires 444 444 ,si sci]is me ,div9 te nulla rei secreta latebunt4 #aii ,i only in/ance ?is z evid5ce t laws ( "s sort 7 attribut$ to ,bac*us1 :om ! traditions also speak ( z ,k+ ( ,asia3 to judge ( ^! laws by :at we "k ( ! ,subazian my/]ies1 w\ld be z if we 7 to =m our op9ion ( ! ,m&an c]emonies 7vide infra1 *4 xi47 by ! la/ day's orgies only4 ,9 ?is matt] we may say ) ,cic]o1 ,de ,legibus1 ii4 #ag--,omnia tum p]ditorum civium scel]e 444 religionum jura polluta sunt4 ,if we turn back to ! my?ological prototypes 9 ,assyria we f9d him z ,hoa 9 connection ) ! my/ic animal1 half-man half-fi%1 :i* came up f ! ,p]sian ,gulf to tea* a/ronomy & lett]s to ! fir/ settl]s on ! ,euphrates & ,tigris1 himself kn[n to ! fir/ settl]s2 he is call$ ! intellig5t guide1 or1 accord+ to ano!r int]pretation1 ! intellig5t fi%1 ! tea*] ( mank9d1 ! "l ( und]/&+2 "o ( 8 emblems is ! w$ge or arr[-head1 ! ess5tial emblem ( cunei=m writ+1 :i* seems to be assign$ to him z ! inv5tor1 or at lea/ ! patron ( ! ,*aldan alphabet4 ,9 ! ,v$ic tradition z ,satiavrata 7vide ,rawl9son's ,bampton ,lect41 lect4 ii4 #fg71 hav+ be5 sav$ f ! de/roy+ waves 9 a l>ge vessel s5t f heav5 = 8 use--:i* he ent]$ accompani$ by pairs ( all brute animals--he is ?us address$1 ,!n %alt ?\ "k my true greatness1 rightly nam$ ! ,supreme ,godhead2 by my fav\r all ?y que/ions %all be answ]$ & ?y m9d abundantly in/ruct$2 & x is add$ t aft] ! deluge _h abat$1 ,satiavrata 0 in/ruct$ 9 all human & div9e k4 ,9 f9e1 if we recognise him z ,hoa1 we %all f9d 8 b5efactions to mank9d ?us summ$ up 9 ,b]osus4 7,vide ! orig9al 9 ,rawl9son's ,anci5t ,mon>*ies1 i4 #aed47bjj #bjj ,lay>d 7,n9eveh & ,babylon1 p4 #cdc7 says1 ,we c sc>cely hesitate to id5tify ?is my?ic =m 7at ,kosyundik7 ) ! ,oannes or sacr$ man-fi%1 :o1 accord+ to ! traditions pres]v$ by ,b]osus1 issu$ f ! ,ere?ran sea1 in/ruct$ ! ,*aldans 9 all wisdom1 9 ! sci5ces & ! f9e arts1 & 0 aft]w>ds wor%ipp$ z a god 9 ! temples ( ,babylonia4444 ,five su* mon/]s rose f ! ,p]sian ,gulf at fabul\s int]vals ( "t 7,cory's ,fragm5ts1 p4 #cj74 ,x has be5 conjectur$ t ?is my? d5otes ! conque/ ( ,*alda at "s remote & pre-hi/oric p]iod by a comp>atively civilis$ nation com+ 9 %ips to ! m\? ( ! ,euphrates4444 ,! ,dagon ( ! ,phili/9es & ( ! inhabitants ( ! ,pho5ician coa/ 0 wor%ipp$1 accord+ to ! unit$ op9ion ( ! ,hebrew comm5tators on ! ,bible1 "u ! same =m4 ,! five app>itions at long int]vals may h be5 ! confusion ( ! previ\s revelations to ! patri>*s ) ^? made to ,noah--or !y may be r$uplications 7vide supra1 p4 #aeg74 ,he is said to h transmitt$ to mank9d ! k ( gramm> & ma!matics1 & ( all ! arts1 ( ! polity ( cities1 ! con/ruction & d$ication ( temples1 ! introduction ( laws 7,greek3 kai nomn eisgseis72 to h taught !m geometry1 & to h %[n !m by example ! modes ( s[+ ! se$ & ga!r+ ! fruits ( ! e>?1 ! vir agricola ( ,g5esis1 & along ) !m to h tradit$ all ! secrets :i* t5d to humanise life4 ,& no "o else at t "t 0 f\nd m sup]-em95t ?an he4--,vide ,rawl9son1 i4 #aee4 ,we h se5 t he 0 kn[n to ! fir/ settl]s on ! ,euphrates & ,tigris4 ,! ,abb de ,tressan says1 ,b]osus beg9s 8 hi/ory ) ^! words3--,9 ! fir/ ye> appe>$ ?is extraord9>y man 7,oannes74 ,n[1 ) ! e>ly settl]s on ! ,euphrates & ,tigris ! comm5cem5t ( all ?+s w\ld h be5 naturally dat$ f ! ,deluge4 ,x appe>s to me wor? :ile1 9 conclusion1 to place m succ9ctly be=e ! read] ! id5tical t]ms 9 :i* ! anci5ts 7v>i\s au?ors7 spoke ( ! fir/ f\nd]s ( /ates or _! e>lie/ prog5itor--compell+ ! conclusion t allusion 0 made to "o & ! same individual & epo*4 ,bryant 7,my?4 ii4 #bec7 says t ,noah 0 repres5t$ z ,?o?1 ,h]mes1 ,m5es1 ,osiris1 ,zeu?1 ,atlas1 ,phoroneus1 & ,prome!us1 c4 c4 ,!re are none :]e9 8 hi/ory is del9eat$ m pla9ly1 ?an 9 ^? ( ,saturn & ,janus4 ,^! ,i w n[ omit1 z we h j se5 !m to be id5tical--& s too ,bac*us1 :o equally ) !m plants ! v9e1 tea*es !m to s[1 & gives !m laws4 ,phoroneus1 an anci5t poet quot$ by ,clem5s ,alex4 7i4 #chj7 calls him ! fir/ ( mortals1 ,greek3 phyroneus patr ?ntn an?rpn4 ,! fir/ deluge took place "u ,phoroneus3 ,he 0 also ! fir/ :o built an alt>4 ,he fir/ collect$ m5 toge!r & =m$ !m into petty communities4--,pausanias1 lib4 #b1 #ade4 ,he fir/ gave laws & di/ribut$ ju/ice4--,syncellus1 #fg1 #abe4 ,!y ascrib$ to him ! di/ribution ( mank9d1 idem nationes di/ribuit 7,hyg9us' ,fab4 #adc71 :i* is a circum/ance v rem>kable4 ,poseidon's epi!ts connect$ ) ! ark are v /rik+ 7,bryant1 ii4 #bfi1 ,deucalion1 vide ante1 p4 #bcb72 b he is also said 7,apollon4 ,rhod4 lib4 #c1 v4 #ajhe7 to h be5 ! fir/ man ?r\gh :om religi\s rites 7 r5ew$1 cities built1 & civil polity e/abli%$ 9 ! _w4 ,cecrops 7vide ante1 p4 #bbj71 ! id5tical t]ms are us$4 ,myrmidon1 a p]son ( great ju/ice4 ,he is said to h collect$ p toge!r1 humanis$ mank9d1 enact$ laws1 & fir/ e/abli%$ civil polity4--,s*olia 9 ,p9d>1 ,ode #c1 v4 #ba4 ,cadmus1 vide ante1 p4 #bba4 ,pelasgus also is describ$ z equally a b5efactor to mank9d1 & in/ruct$ !m 9 _m arts4--,pausanias1 #h1 #eii4 ,he is said to h built ! fir/ temple to ! deity dem ,jovi ,olympis primum fecit ,pelasgus4--,hyg9us' ,fab4 #bbe1 #cdf4 ,bryant says1 ,i h tak5 notice t z ,noah 0 said to h be5 ,greek3 han?rpos gs1 a man ( ! e>?--?is *>act]i/ic is obs]vable 9 e hi/ory ( ! primitive p]sons2 & !y are repres5t$ z ',greek3 nomioi1' ',greek3 agrioi'1 & ',greek3 gg5eis4' ,pelasgus accord+ly _h ?is title 7s*y4 ,supplicants1 v4 #bej71 & x is p>ticul>ly m5tion$ ( him t he 0 ! fir/ husb&man4 ,pelasgus fir/ f\nd out all t is necess>y = ! cultivation ( ! gr\nd4--,s*ol4 9 ,eurip4 ,ore/es1 v4 #icj4 ,osiris4--,! acc\nt ( ,osiris 9 ,diodorus ,siculus is exactly simil>4 ,he travels into all c\ntries l ,bac*us4 ,he builds cities2 & al?\gh repres5t$ z at ! head ( an army1 is describ$ ) ! muses & sci5ces 9 8 ret9ue4 ,9 e region he in/ruct$ ! p 9 plant+1 s[+1 & o!r useful acts4--,tibullus1 i4 ,e4 #h1 v4 #bi4 ,he p>ticul>ly introduc$ ! v9e1 & :5 t 0 n adapt$ to ! soil1 ! use ( f]m5t & w9e ( b>ley4 ,he fir/ built temples1 & 0 a lawgiv] & k+ 7,diod4 ,sic474--,bryant1 ii4 #fj4 ,*9-nong 7vide also ,buns51 supra1 p4 #fc7 0 a husb&man1 & taught ! ,*9ese agriculture1 c41 discov]$ ! virtues ( _m plants4 ,he 0 repres5t$ ) ! head ( an ox1 & sometimes only ) two horns4--,comp4 ,bryant1 iii4 #ehd4 ,manco ,capac4--,p]u1 vide infra1 *4 xiii42 v curi\s4 ,/rabo1 #c1 #bjd1 says ( ! ,turditani 9 ,spa9 7,ib]ia71 ,!y are well acqua9t$ ) gramm>1 & h _m writt5 records ( high antiquity4 ,!y h also l>ge collections ( poetry 7comp4 *4 vii471 & ev5 _! laws are describ$ 9 v]se1 :i* !y say is ( six ?\s& ye>s /&+4 ,deucalion1 accord+ to ,lucian1 0 sav$ f ! ,deluge on acc\nt ( 8 wisdom & piety--,greek3 eub\lis te kai euebis he9eka4 ,greek3 eub\lia--lit]ally1 good c\nsel4 ,m]cury gave ,egypt its laws--,atque ,egyptiis leges et lit]as tradidisse4--,cic]o1 ,de ,natura ,deorum1 iii4 #bb4 ,apollo4--,cic]o says ! f\r? ,apollo gave laws to ! ,arcadians 7comp4 infra1 p4 #cca73 ,quem ,arcades ,greek3 ,nomion appellant1 quod ab eo se leges f]unt accepisse1 id4 iii4 #bc2 vide also ,plato1 ,leges1 i4 #a4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,diluvian ,,traditions ,,9 ,,africa ,,& ,,am]ica4 ,b\lang] 7#agbb-ei71 a free?9k]1 & ! fri5d & correspond5t ( ,voltaire1 0 s dom9at$ by 8 belief 9 ! univ]sal ,deluge z a fact1 t he made its consequ5ces ! f\ndation ( all 8 !ories4 ,writ+ 9 ! mid/ ( a scepticism v mu* resembl+ t ( ! pres5t day1 he says1 ,:at6 y believe 9 ! ,deluge8 ,su* w be ! exclamation ( a c]ta9 s*ool ( op9ion1 & ?is s*ool a v l>ge "o4 ,nev]!less1 ?is pr(\nd writ]1 by ! exig5cies ( 8 !ory1 0 irresi/ibly br\ght to ! recognition ( ! fact4 ,we mu/ take1 he cont9ues1 a fact 9 ! traditions ( mank9d1 ! tru? ( :i* %all be univ]sally recognis$4 ,:at is x8 ,i d n see any1 ( :i* ! evid5ce is m g5]ally atte/$1 ?an ^? :i* h transmitt$ to u t fam\s physical revolution :i*1 !y tell u1 has alt]$ ! face ( our globe1 & :i* has occasion$ a total r5ovation ( human society3 9 a ^w1 ! ,deluge appe>s to me ! true />t+-po9t 7la v]itable epoque7 9 ! hi/ory ( nations4 ,n only is ! tradition :i* has transmitt$ ?is fact ! mo/ anci5t ( all1 b x is moreov] cle> & intelligible2 x pres5ts a fact :i* c be ju/ifi$ & confirm$4 ,he proce$s1 & ! drift & animus ( ! writ] w be suffici5tly app>5t 9 ! passage--,x is !n by ! ,deluge t ! hi/ory ( ! exi/+ nations & societies has comm5c$4 ,if !re h be5 false & p]nici\s religions 9 ! _w x is to ! ,deluge t ,i trace !m back z to _! s\rce2 if doctr9es inimical to society h be5 broa*$1 ,i see _! pr9ciples 9 ! consequ5ces ( ! ,deluge2 if !re h exi/$ vici\s legislations & innum]able bad gov]nm5ts1 x w be ^u ! ,deluge t ,i lay ! *>ge4 ,x is1 !n1 only 9 atte/ation ( ! fact t ,i adduce ?is au?or2 & 9 8 pro( he has accumulat$ a l>ge mass ( indirect evid5ce1 :i* a c]ta9 s*ool ( op9ion f9d x conv5i5t altoge!r to ignore 9 ref]5ce to ?is subject4 ,9 ?is class are ! v>i\s in/itutions among diff]5t nations to pres]ve ! memory ( ! ,deluge1 z = in/ance1 ! ,hydrophories ou la fte du ,deluge ,a!nes1 & at g9a1 ! fea/ ( ! goddess ( ,syria at ,hi]apolis1 bo? hav+ /range resemblances ) ! ,jewi% fea/s ( ,nisue ha ,mim1 or ! effusion ( wat]s1 & ! tab]nacles1 9 _! traditional aspects1 i4e4 9 _! obs]vances n comm&$ by ,moses2 ! effusion des eaux a ,i?ome 444 et de ,siloe2 ! fea/ ( ! ,deluge 7( ,ina*us7 at ,argos2 a fea/1 ! effusion ( wat]1 9 ,p]sia1 ant]ior to its ,mahometanism2 simil> fe/ivals 9 ,pegu1 ,*9a1 & ,japan2 9 ! my/]ies ( ,eleusis2 9 ! peloria1 an?i/]ia1 & ,saturnalia2 & f9ally 9 ! pilgrimages to riv]s 9 ,india#bja & o!r p>ts ( ! _w2 ( ! multitude ( traditions pres]v$ 9 ! diluvian fe/ivals & commemorative usages ( ! gulphs1 ap]tures1 & abysses :i* h at "o "t or ano!r vomit$ =? or absorb$ wat]s 7i4 #hd72 aga91 ! pilgrimages to ! summits ( m\nta9s 9 ,india1 ,*9a1 ,t>t>y1 ! ,caucasus1#bjb ,p]u1 c4 ,x is easy to see1 he adds 7p4 #cbj71 t ?is v5]ation is bas$ ^u a corrupt$ tradition1 :i* has taught ^! p t _! fa!rs =m]ly took refuge on ! top ( ?is m\nta9 at ! "t ( ! ,deluge1 & subsequ5tly desc5d$ f x to inhabit ! pla9s4 #bja ,dionysius ,p]iegesis says ! wom5 ( ! ,briti% ,amnit celebrat$ ! rites ( ,dionysos3-- ,z ! ,bi/onians on ,aps9?us banks ,%\t to ! clamor\s ,eiraphiates2 ,or z ! ,indians on d>k-roll+ ,ganges ,hold revels to ,dionysos ! noisy1 ,s d ! ,briti% wom5 %\t ,evo4 7v4 #cge47 7,qy4 ,eno47 ,vide ,! ,bhilsa ,topes1 by ,major ,a4 ,cunn+ham1 p4 #f4 #bjb ,i w\ld specially draw att5tion to ! in/ances ( temples con/ruct$ ^u ! model ( %ips1 conc]n+ :i* vide ,bryant's ,my?ology1 ii4 #bba1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bdj2 & comp>e ) ,plate ,,xviii4 9 ,montfauon1 ii4 ,i %all h occasion to ref] aga9 m 9 detail to "s ( ^! cu/oms#bjc :5 draw+ att5tion to ! resemblances :i* ,i %all pres5tly po9t out2 b ,i wi% previ\sly to give1 m 9 ext5so1 8 description ( ! ,hydrophoria at ,a!ns3-- ,?is "n d5ot$ ! cu/om :i* ! ,a!nians _h on ! day ( ?is fea/ ( c>ry+ wat] 9 ew]s & vases ) great c]emony2 9 memory ( ! ,deluge1 !y proce$$ ea* ye> to p\r ?is wat] into an op5+ or gulf1 :i* 0 f\nd ne> ! temple ( ,jupit] ,olympus1 & on ?is occasion !y recall$ ! sad memory ( _! ance/ors hav+ be5 subm]g$4 ,?is c]emony is simple & v suitable to its subject2 x 0 well calculat$ to p]petuate ! memory ( ! cata/rophe caus$ by ! wat]s ( ! ,deluge4 ,sup]/ition add$ "s o!r cu/oms4444 ,!y ?rew into ! same gulf cakes ( corn & honey2 x 0 an (f]+ to appease ! inf]nal deities4444 ,! ,greeks plac$ x 9 ! rank ( _! unlucky days 7also 'un j\r tri/e et lugubre'72 & ?us !y rem>k$ t ,sylla _h tak5 _! city ( ,a!ns ! v day t !y _h made ?is commemoration ( ! ,deluge4 ,sup]/ition obs]ves ev]y?+1 n to correct itself1 b to confirm itself m & m 9 its errors4 ,x 01 accord+ to ! fable1 by ! op5+ ( ?is gulf t ! wat]s :i* _h cov]$ ,attica _h disappe>$2 x 0 also said t ,deucalion _h rais$ ne> to ?is place an alt> :i* he _h d$icat$ to ,jove ! ,pres]v]4 ',tradition also attribut$ to ,deucalion ! temple ( ,jupit] ,olympus1' 9 :i* ^! m\rnful c]emonies 7 p]=m$4 ',?is temple 0 celebrat$ & respect$ by ! pagan nations z f> z we c trace hi/ory back4' ,x 0 recon/ruct$ on a scale ( magnific5ce by ,pisi/ratus2 e t[n & pr9ce 9 ,greece contribut$ to its adornm5t2 x 0 complet$ by ! ,emp]or ,adrian 9 #abf ( our era4 ,! antiquity ( ?is monum5t1 ! respect :i* all nations h %[n x1 & ! "* ( ! traditions :i* !y h ( its orig91 ought to e/abli% = ! fe/ival ( ! ,hydrophoria a great antiquity4 ,! fea/s1 9 g5]al1 are m anci5t ?an ! temples4--,b\lang]1 i4 #ch-dj4 #bjc ,comp>e ,bryant4 ,i w n[ ask ! read]1 if he has n read 7& se5 ! illu/rations 97 ,mr ,catl9's ,o-kee-pa1#bjd to comp>e ! foll[+ extract ) ! prec$+3-- ,! ,o-kee-pa1 an annual c]emony to ! /rict obs]vance ( :i* ^? ignorant & sup]/iti\s p attribut$ n only _! enjoym5t 9 life b _! v exi/5ce2 = traditions1 _! only hi/ory1 in/ruct$ !m 9 ! belief t ! s+ul> =ms ( ?is c]emony produc$ ! buffaloes = _! supply ( food1 & t ! omission ( ?is annual c]emony1 ) its sacrifices to ! wat]s1 w\ld br+ ^u !m a repetition ( ! calamity :i* _! traditions say once befell !m1 de/roy+ ! :ole human race except+ "o man1 :o l&$ f 8 canoe on a high m\nta9 9 ! we/4#bje ,?is tradition1 h[ev]1 0 n peculi> to ! ,m&an tribe1 = among "o hundr$ & tw5ty diff]5t tribes t ,i h visit$ 9 ,nor?1 ,s\?1 & ,c5tral ,am]ica1 n a tribe exi/s t has n relat$ to me di/9ct or vague traditions ( su* a calamity 9 :i* "o or ?ree or eight p]sons 7 sav$ above ! wat]s on ! top ( a high m\nta94 ,"s ( !m1 at ! base ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & 9 ! pla9s ( ,v5ezuela & ! ,pampa del ,sacram5to 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 make annual pilgrimages to ! fanci$ summits :]e ! ant$iluvian species 7 sav$ 9 canoes or o!rwise1 & "u ! my/]i\s regulations ( _! m$ic9e 7my/]y7 m5 t5d] _! pray]s & sacrifices to ! ,great ,_s to ensure _! exemption f a simil> cata/rophe4--,p4 #b4 #bjd ,o-kee-pa1 a ,religi\s ,c]emony1 & o!r ,cu/oms ( ! ,m&ans1 ,trbn] ,co4 ,london1 #ahfg4 ,mr ,catl9's /atem5ts are atte/$ by ! c]tificates ( ?ree educat$ & intellig5t m5 :o witness$ ! c]emonies ) him1 & is fur!r corroborat$ by a lett] address$ to ,mr ,catl9 by ,pr9ce ,maximilian ( ,neuwi$1 ! celebrat$ travell] among ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 :o _h previ\sly ref]r$ to !m 7he sp5t a w9t] among ! ,m&ans74 #bje ,i read 9 ! ,times1 ,m>* #f1 #ahga1 t ,! ,am]ican pap]s /ate t workm5 9 ,i[a1 excavat+ = ! project$ ,dubuque & ,m9nesota railroad1 9 ! lime/one at ! foot ( a bluff1 discov]$ rec5tly "s caves & rock *amb]s1 &1 on rais+ a foot slab1 a vault fill$ ) human skeletons ( unusual size1 ! l>ge/ be+ sev5 feet eight in*es high4 ,a figur$ sun on ! walls is tak5 z indicat+ t ! skeletons belong$ to a p :o wor%ipp$ t lum9>y comp>e supra1 p4 #aeb & ! repres5tation ( a man ) a dove /epp+ out ( a boat1 z an allusion to a tradition ( ! ,deluge4 ,! f+]s ( ! l>ge/ skeleton clasp$ a pe>l ornam5t1 & traces ( clo? 7 f\nd crumbl$ at ! feet ( ! rema9s4 ,_m copp] implem5ts 7 f\nd1 & x is ?\ght t ! ,lake ,sup]ior m9es may h be5 work$ at an e>ly p]iod4 ,! rema9s 7 to be remov$ to ! ,i[a ,in/itute ( ,arts & ,sci5ces at ,dubuque4 ,yet1 /range to say1 ?is is no pro( to ,mr ,catl9 ( ! univ]sal ,deluge record$ 9 ,scripture4 ,if1 he says1 x 7 %[n t inspir$ hi/ory ( ! ,deluge & ( ! ,creation re/rict$ ^? ev5ts to "o cont95t alone1 !n x might be t ! ,am]ican races came f ! ,ea/]n cont95t1 br++ ^! traditions ) !m1 = until t is prov$1 ! ,am]ican traditions ( ! ,deluge are no evid5ce :atev] ( an ea/]n orig94 ,if x 7 s1 & ! aborig9es ( ,am]ica br\ght _! traditions ( ! ,deluge f ! ,ea/1 :y did !y n br+ inspir$ hi/ory ( ! ,creation8#bjf--,p4 #c4 7,vide pp4 #acd1 #ace47 #bjf ,comp>e acc\nt ( ,m&an tradition ( ! ,creation1 f ,hi/4 des ,c]emonies ,religieuses1 supra1 p4 #aia4 ,! ,o-kee-pa1 ,mr ,catl9 says1 0 a /rictly religi\s c]emony1 444 ) ! solemnity ( religi\s wor%ip1 ) ab/95ce1 ) sacrifices1 ) pray]2 :il/ !re 7 ?ree o!r di/9ct & o/5sible objects = :i* x 0 held1--#a4 ,z an annual celebration ( ! 'subsid+ ( ! wat]s' ( ! ,deluge4 #b4 ,= ! purpose ( danc+ :at !y call ! ,bull-dance1 to ! /rict p]=mance ( :i* !y attribut$ ! com+ ( buffaloes4 #c4 ,= purpose ( conduct+ ! "y m5 ?r\gh an ordeal ( privation & bodily torture1 :i*1 :ile x 0 suppos$ to h>d5 _! muscles & prep>e !m = extreme endurance1 enabl$ _! *iefs 444 to decide ^u _! comp>ative bodily /r5g?1 endurance1 c4--,p4 #i4 ,! torture no d\bt subs]v$ ?is subsidi>y purpose1 b x appe>s to me t ! orig9al int5tion & idea 0 torture = ! purpose ( expiation1 z 9 ! c]emonies 9 anci5t ,greece4#bjg ,sundry incid5ts n>rat$ by ,catl9 seem to e/abli% ?is4 ,!y prep>e !mselves by fa/+ 7p4 #be72 aft] hav+ sunk "u ! infliction ( ^! horrible tortures 7& f e po9t ( view !y are truly horrible71 no "o 0 all[$ to (f] !m aid :5 !y lay 9 ?is condition4 ,!y 7 "h enjoy+ _! ine/imable privilege ( volunt>ily intru/+ _! lives to ! keep+ ( ! ,great ,_s1 & *ose to rema9 !re until ! ,great ,_s gave !m /r5g? to get up & walk away 7p4 #bh72 & :5 s f> recov]$1 9 ea* in/ance !y pres5t$ ! little f+] ( ! left h&1 & "s also ! =ef+] ( ! same h& & ! little f+] ( ! "r h& 7all t5d+ to make !m pro tanto ineffici5t w>riors7 z an (f]+ to ! ,great ,_s1 z a sacrifice = hav+ li/5$ to _! pray]s1 & protect$ _! lives 9 :at !y _h j gone ?r\gh 7p4 #bh74 #bjg ,supra1 p4 #ce4 ,^! tortures h _! exact c\nt]p>t 9 ,india1 e4g4 ! c]emony ( ! ,pota 7comp>e ,sanscrit1 pota boat71 ?us describ$ by ,hunt] 7,rural ,b5gal1 #ahfh1 p4 #dfc73--,pota 7hook-sw++71 n[ /opp$ by ,gov]nm5t1 b /ill practis$ 7#ahfe7 among ! ,nor!rn ,santals :o h ! di/9ct tradition ( ! ,deluge & disp]sion ref]r$ to1 supra 9 ,april or ,may4 ,la/$ ab\t "o mon?4 ,"y m5 us$ to sw+ ) hooks ?r\gh _! back z se5 9 ,catl9's illu/rations1 z 9 ! ,*>ak ,puja ( ! ,h9dus4 ,! sw+]s us$ to fa/ ! day prec$+ & ! day foll[+ ! op]ation1 & to sleep ! int]m$iate night on ?orns4 ,on pleuroit et l'on s'attri/oit dans les ftes les plus gayes et plus dissolues2 les cultes d',isis et d',osiris1 a9si que ceux de ,bac*us1 de ,cres1 d',adonis1 d',atys1 c41 toi5t accompagns de macrations et de l>mes4--,b\lang]1 iii4 #cee4 ,= ! description ( ! bull-dance1#bjh & = ! subsequ5t hi/ory & f9al ext9ction ( ! ,m&ans1 ,i mu/ ref] my read]s to ,mr ,catl9's valuable te/imony to ! tru? ( ,scripture1 & important contributions to e?nological sci5ce4 #bjh ,bryant 7,my?4 ii4 #dcb7 says1 ,!re 7 _m arkite 7i4e4 commemorative ( ark7 c]emonies 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w1 :i* 7 g5]ally /yl$ ,taurica sacra 7f taurus bull74 ,^! my/]ies 7 ( old att5d$ ) acts ( great cruelty4 ,( ^! ,i h giv5 in/ances1 tak5 f diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w2 f ,egypt1 ,syria1 ,cyprus1 ,crete1 & ,sicily4 ,i %all n[ proce$ to %[ analogies 9 :at w be admitt$ to be mo/ unlikely gr\nd--9 ! ,k+ ( ,dahome's celebrat$ ,s-s9 cu/oms1 describ$ by ,capta9 ,ri*>d ,burton4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 proce$+ fur!r1 ,i mu/ po9t out ! foll[+ features 9 ! c]emonies or cu/oms z common to ,grecian & antique pagan2 to ! ,m&an 7,indian ( ,nor? ,am]ica71 & to ! tropical ,african4#bji ,9 ! fir/ place !y are cyclical2 !y are all ( a m\rnful "*2 all are int]rupt$ at int]vals by processions1 dances1 & songs ( a traditional "*2 !y all close 9 sc5es ( rejoic+ or r 9 ,bac*analian 7yet /ill traditionally vide page #bdg1 note ,b\lang] ,bac*analian7 sc5es ( riot & debau*]y4 ,! duration ( ! fe/ivals v>ies f ?ree & f\r to five days2 ! days h fanta/ic names1 :i*1 al?\gh diff]5t1 /ill 9 _! v peculi>ity1 & also 9 ! drift & mean+ ( ! names s f> z x c be ga!r$1 are sugge/ive ( a common orig91 e4g4 ! fir/ day ( ! ,an!/]ia1 at ,a!ns 0 call$ ,greek3 ,pi?oigia1 apo t\ pi?\s oige91 because !y tapp$ _! casks4 ,! f\r? day ( ! ,k+ ( ,dahome's cu/oms is nam$ ,s 7horse7 nan-w5 7w break7 kan 7rope7 'gbe 7to-day74--,burton1 ii4 #h4 ,"o "p ( ! ,m&an c]emony is call$ ,mee-ne-ro-ka-,ha-%a1 or ! settl+ d[n ( ! wat]s1 :i* "n aga9 closely corresponds to ! c]emonies at ,a!ns & at ,hi]apolis 9 ,syria 7ante71 :]e wat] 0 p\r$ into ! op5+ :]e ! wat]s ( ! ,deluge 7 suppos$ to h disappe>$4 ,! fif? day ( ! ,dahome cu/oms is nam$ ,m9ai afunfun khi ,uhun-jro m5 ,dadda ,gezowe g to ! small mat t5t "u :i* ! k+ sits4--,burton1 ii4 #bg4 ,?is approximates to ! sc5e describ$ by ,catl9 7p4 #bj7 at ! close ( ! bull-dance 7f\r? day71 :5 ! ma/] ( c]emonies 7correspond+ to ! k+ at ,dahome7 cri$ out = all ! danc]s1 musicians1 & ! repres5tatives ( animals & birds1 to ga!r aga9 ar\nd him4 ,he is describ$ z com+ out ( ! my/]y lodge & collect+ !m r\nd ! big canoe4 #bji ,let ! foll[+ po9ts ( resemblance be not$ also 9 ! ,pana!na4 ,! less]1 & x is suppos$ ! annual fe/ival1 0 celebrat$ on ! #bj? ( ,?>gelion1 correspond+ to ! #e? ,may 7comp>e ,catl974 ,e citiz5 contribut$ olive bran*es & an ox 7vide ,catl97 at ! great] fe/ival4 ,9 ! c]emonies )\t ! city !re 0 an eng9e built 9 ! =m ( a %ip1 on purpose = ?is solemnity2 ^u ?is ! sacr$ g>m5t ( ,m9]va 0 hung 9 ! mann] ( a sail1 ! :ole convey$ to ! temple ( ,c]es ,elus9ia4 ,?is procession 0 l$ by old m51 toge!r1 z "s say1 ) old wom5 c>ry+ olive bran*es 9 _! h&s4 ,aft] !m came ! m5 ( full age ) %ields & spe>s1 be+ att5d$ by ! ,greek3 ,metoikoi1 or soj\rn]s1 :o c>ri$ little boats z a tok5 ( _! be+ =eign]s1 & 7 call$ on t acc\nt boat-be>]s2 !n foll[$ ! wom5 att5d$ by ! soj\rn]'s wives1 :o 7 nam$ ,greek3 hydriaphoroi1 f be>+ wat] pots4--,comp>e ,burton1 ,catl94 ,!n foll[$ select virg9s1 cov]$ ) millet1 call$ basket-be>]s1 ! baskets conta9+ necess>ies = ! celebration4 ,^! virg9s 7 att5d$ by ! soj\rn]'s daught]s1 :o c>ri$ umbrellas 7vide ,pongol ,fe/ival1 app5dix71 little seats1 :5ce !y 7 call$ seat-c>ri]s4--,comp>e ,burton 7vide ,pott]'s ,antiquities1 i4 #dai47 ,comp>e also ! foll[+ 9 ! ,dionysia or fe/ivals 9 hon\r ( ,bac*us 7ante1 p4 #bae7 ) ,catl94 ,!y c>ri$ ?yrsi1 drums1 pipes1 flutes1 & rattles1 & cr[n$ !mselves ) g>l&s ( trees sacr$ to ,bac*us1 ivy1 v9e1 c4 ,"s imitat$ ,sil5us1 ,pan1 & ! ,satyrs1 expos+ !mselves 9 comical dresses & antic motions2 & 9 ?is mann] ran ab\t ! hills invok+ ,bac*us4 ,at ,a!ns ?is frantic r\t 0 foll[$ by p]sons c>ry+ c]ta9 sacr$ vessels1 ! fir/ ( :i* 0 fill$ ) wat]4 ,bryant 7,my?ology1 ii4 #bai7 speak+ ( ,egypt 7! prie/s ( ,ammon :o at p>ticul> seasons us$ to c>ry 9 procession a boat1 conc]n+ :i* ref] to page #bed71 says--,"p ( ! c]emony 9 mo/ ( ! anci5t my/]ies consi/$ 9 c>ry+ ab\t a k9d ( %ip or boat1 :i* cu/om ^u due exam9ation w be f\nd to relate to no?+ else b ,noah & ! ,deluge4 ,he adds t ! "n ( ! navicul> %r9es 0 ,b>is1 :i* is v rem>kable2 = x is ! v "n ( ! m\nta91 accord+ to ,nicolaus ,damasc5us1 on :i* ! ark ( ,noah re/$1 ! same z ,ar>at 9 ,arm5ia4 ,h]odotus speaks ( ,b>is z ! ,egyptian "n ( a %ip1 l4 #b1 #if2 ,eurip4 ,iphig4 9 ,aulis1 v4 #big2 s*ylus1 ,p]s1 #aea2 ,lycophron1 v4 #gdg1 ref] to names ( %ips 9 connection ) ,noah4 ,sup41 p4 #aif4 ,qu]y--is our ^w b>ge a corruption ( b>is8 or p]haps ( b>is 9 connection ) argus1 also a t]m = ! ark4 7,) ref]5ce to ?is etymology vide my rem>k1 p4 #aaf1 & d',anselme1 p4 #aif1 & ,bryant1 ii4 #bea47 ,b ! close/ connection is 9 ! nature & ord] ( ! c]emonies on ! f\r? day at ,dahome & among ! ,m&ans4 ,among ! latt]1 int]rupt+ ! bull-dance on t day1 !re is an app>ition ( ! evil _s1#baj graphically describ$ by ,mr ,catl9 7p4 #bb71 & at ,dahome 7,burton1 ii4 #ah71 !re int]v5es betwe5 ! f\r? & fif? days' c]emonies :at is call$ ! evil night 7!re are two evil nights7 :i* is ! night ( ! horrible massacre4 ,b on ?is night also1 at ! close ( ! f\r? day's c]emonies among ! ,m&ans1 ! infliction ( tortures 7v horrible1 b mild 9 comp>ison ) ! ,african but*]y7 comm5ce4 ,n[1 ,i h already v5tur$ ! op9ion t ^! tortures 7 orig9ally ( an expiatory "*1 & ?is ga9s confirmation by ! assurance made to ,capta9 ,r4 ,burton t ! victims on ! evil night 7 only crim9als & prison]s ( w>1 ! p ( ,dahome1 on all occasions 7vide infra71 pref]r+ a vic>i\s mode ( expiation4 ,capta9 ,r4 ,burton 7ii4 #ai7 says ( ^! massacres3--,! k+ takes no pleasure 9 ! tortures & dea? or 9 ! sight ( blood1 z w pres5tly appe>4 ,! #bjjj kill$ 9 "o day1 ! canoe#baa paddl$ 9 a pool ( gore1 & o!r grisly nurs]y tales1 mu/ be d]iv$ f ,:ydah1 :]e ! slave-trad]s inv5t$ !m1 probably to det] ,engli%m5 f visit+ ! k+4 ,x is useless to g ov] ! gr\nd ( human sacrifice f ! days ( ! wild ,h9du's ,n>amadha to ! burn+s ( ! ,druids1 & to ! awful massacres ( ,p]u & ,mexico4 ,9 ,europe ! ext9ction ( ! cu/om began f ! "t ( ! polite ,augu/us1 i4e4 comm5c$ ) ! adv5t ( our ,"l4 ,vide a ref]5ce to ,,ms4 ( ,sir ,j4 ,acton 9 ,mr ,glad/one's address to ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh1 #ahfe1 f :i* x w\ld appe> t ! f9al ext9ction 0 n until ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity4 #baj ,comp>e ! ,bha9-sasur or buffalo-demon at ,usayagiri1 c>ry+ a trid5t4 ,vide ,! ,bhilsa ,tope1 ,major ,alex4 ,cunn+ham1 #ahed4 #baa ,x is z well to note1 h[ev]1 t ! ,dahomans h rec5tly alt]$ _! cu/oms4 ,! "o ,capta9 ,burton witness$ 7ii4 #cd7 0 a mix$ cu/om1 & else:]e allusion is made to ! new c]emony4 ,)\t c>ry+ ra%ness to ! excess ( disput+ ! int]pretation ( ,dahoman words ) ,capta9 ,burton1 ,i may yet demur to accept+ 8 explanation ( ! t]m ,s-s9 7! ,s-s9 cu/oms7 absolute et simplicit]4 ,he says 7i4 #cae71 ,! ,sogan 7',s' horse1 'gan' capta97 op5s ! cu/oms by tak+ all ! *>g]s f _! own]s & by ty+ !m up1 :5ce ! ^w ,s-s94 ,! animals mu/ be r$eem$ 9 a few days ) a bag ( c[ries4#bab ,?is is c]ta9ly a v likely def9ition1 & al?\gh second>y1 is no d\bt ! explanation curr5t among ! pres5t g5]ation ( ,dahomans4 ,all ,i %all v5ture to d is to supplem5t x4 ,b may n ! old & primitive idea /ill lurk 9 ! "n8 ,at i4 #bdb1 ,i p]ceive ,capta9 ,burton says s & s9 mean wat]1#bac & ! comp\nd ^w amma-s9 means m$ic9e leaf-wat]1 & aga9 at #bdd ! same ^w ,s9 is twice us$ to signify liquid4 ,if s1 9 ! v "n ( ! fea/ we f9d ! ^w wat]1 :i* l9ks x into connection ) ! ,m&an cu/om & ! fe/ivals ( anci5t ,greece4 #bab ,analogies may p]haps be discov]$ 9 ! repres5tations ( ! procession escort+ a relic casket on ! ar*itraves ( ! we/]n gate at ,san*i4 7,vide ,! ,bhilsa ,tope1 by ,major ,alex4 ,cunn+ham1 p4 #bbg47 ,/reet ( a city on ! left1 h\ses on ea* side fill$ ) spectators1444 a few horsem5 head+ a procession1 444 imm$iately outside ! gate are f\r p]sons be>+ ei!r trophies or "s peculi> in/rum5ts ( (fice4 ,!n foll[s a l$ horse1 444 a soldi] ) a bell-%ap$ %ield1 two fif]s1 ?ree drumm]s1 & two m5 bl[+ con*es4 ,next comes ! k+ on an elephant1 c>ry+ ! holy relic casket on 8 head & support+ x ) 8 "r h&4 ,!n foll[s two peculi>ly dress$ m5 on horseback1 p]haps prison]s4 ,!y we> a k9d ( cap 7n[ only kn[n 9 ,b>maw>1 on ! upp] c\rse ( ! ,ravi7 & boots or legg+s4 ,! procession is clos$ by two horsem5 7"o ei!r ! m9i/] or a memb] ( ! royal family7 & by an elephant ) two rid]s4 ,x may h _h connection ) ! ,zw>n$ha or horse sacrifice 7,cunn+ham1 p4 #cfc47 ,b\lang] 7i4 #aji7 says1 ,t aft] ! w9t] sol/ice ! anci5t inhabitants ( ,india desc5d$ ) _! k+ to ! banks ( ! ,indus2 !y !re sacrific$ horses & black bulls1 signs ( a fun]al c]emony2 !y !n ?rew a bu%el measure into ! wat] )\t _! assign+ any reason = x4 ,comp>e ! ?r[+ ! cakes into ! gulf at ,a!ns1 & ! hat*ets into ! wat] at ! ,m&an cu/om4 ,c\ld x be t at ! ,dahoman c]emony ! horses 7 r$eem$ because ! wret*$ victims 7 sub/itut$1 c>ry+ out ! idea ( vic>i\s sacrifice & expiation8 ,sir ,john ,lubbock 7,orig9 ( ,civilization1 p4 #aii7 says1 speak+ ( wat] wor%ip1 ,! kelpie or _s ( ! wat]s assum$ v>i\s =ms1 ^? ( a man1 woman1 horse1 or bull be+ ! mo/ common4 ,comp>e supra1 pp4 #aif1 #bjb1 #bjd1 ,man\1 ,bac*us4 ,hom] 7,hom4 ,il41 ,heynii1 xxi4 #acj1 ,"l ,d]by1 #ade71 says-- ,%all aught avail ye1 ?\gh to him 7! riv] ,scam&]7 ,9 sacrifice1 ! blood ( c\ntless bulls y pay1 ,& liv+ horses 9 8 wat]s s9k2 & 7#baj7 ,a/]opoeus is call$ riv]-born1 because ! son ( ,pelegon1 :o to broadly fl[+ ,axius ow$ 8 bir?4 ,rememb]+ ! belief ( c]ta9 tribes ( ,indians 7supra1 p4 #acg7 t !y 7 creat$ "u ! wat]1 :i* ,i h con/ru$ to mean1 t !y 7 creat$ on ! o!r side ( ! ,deluge1 s we may take 9 a simil> s5se ! traditions ( ^! ,hom]ic h]oes t !y 7 riv]-born2 & does ! expression1 son ( ,pelegon 7comp>e son ( ,prome!us1 supra1 p4 #bcb71 imply m ?an t he 0 ! desc5dant ( ,phaleg1 or1 if n 9 ! l9e ( desc5t1 ! desc5dant ( prog5itors :o _h reta9$ ! tradition t ,phaleg 0 s call$1 because 9 8 days ! e>? 0 divid$8--,g54 *4 x4 #be4 ,comp>e anci5t ,wel% ballad 7,davies' ,my?ology ( ,briti% ,druids1 p4 #ajj7-- ,truly ,i 0 9 ! %ip ,) ,dylan 7,deucalion71 son ( ! sea4444 ,:5 444 ! floods came =? ,f heav5 to ! great deep4 #bac ,! "n = riv] 9 ! ,*itral or ,little ,ka%gh> vocabul>y 7,vigne1 ,travels 9 ,ka%mir7 is riv] s92 also 9 ! ,dangon1 on ! ,indus1 voc4 7id47 riv] s92 9 ! ,affghan 7,kalpro?7 ! sea s9d4 ,s9dhu is ! ,sanscrit "n = riv] 7,max ,mll]1 ,sci5ce ( ,lang41 #a/ s]ies1 #bae72 & has also its equival5t 9 anci5t ,p]sian4 ,9 ,dani%1 riv] or lake s2 9 ,icel&ic1 sjor 7sjo72 9 ,bulti/an1 t\h2 ,g]man1 see2 ,engli%1 sea2 9 ,ka%mir1 s> m>se2 ,icel&ic1 saus4 ,comp>e ,riv]s ,sa>1 ,soane1 ,se9e1 ,iri% ,suir2 p]haps also ,esk & ,usk 7,vigne1 ,trav4 9 ,ka%mir74 ,horse %tah1 9 ,bulti/an4 ,has n s analogy ) eau1 augr 7,*ittral71 wat]8 ,s>a wat] 9 ,sanscrit 7,max ,mll]1 ,*ips1 ii4 #dg72 ,sanscrit1 v>i1 m g5]ic t]m = wat]2 ,lat91 m>e2 ,go?ic1 m>ie2 ,slavonic1 m2 ,iri% & ,scot*1 muir 7id47 ,comp>e ,*9ese ma horse2 ,mongol1 mon horse2 ,g]man1 ma*re2 ,engli%1 m>e4 ,conclusion1 ei!r !re is ! same ^w = horse & wat] 9 c]ta9 languages1 :i* may h occurr$ 9 ! way ( second>y d]ivation f ^! my/]ies1 or if s means wat]1 !n ,s-s9 may only be a r$uplication1 z 9 ! names ( "s ( our riv]s--e4g4 ,dwfr-,dwy wat]1 ( ,deva ,dee-riv] 7,ar*ol4 ,j\rnal1 xvii4 #ih74 ,bryant 7,my?4 ii4 #djh7 says ,! ,greek3 hippos1 hippus 7horse71 allud$ to 9 ! e>ly my?ology 0 c]ta9ly a float or %ip1 ! same z ! ceto4 ,!re is1 moreov]1 ! analogy 9 ! ,lat9 ( aqua & equus4 ,ano!r ,sanscrit ^w = wat]1 ap 7,max ,mll]1 ,sc4 ( ,l41 #ajc7 has analogy ) ! ,greek ,greek3 hippos horse4 ,x appe>s 7,sc4 ( ,l41 #bnd s]ies1 p4 #cf71 t ! ,tahitians h sub/itut$ ! ^w pape = vai wat]2 b bo? words pape1 to ap1 vai1 to v>i1 seem to h analogies to ,sanscrit z above4 ,plato 7,cratylus1 c4 #cf1 ,sc4 ( ,l41 #a/ s]ies1 p4 #aaf7 m5tions t ! "n = wat] 0 ! same 9 ,phrygian & ,greek4 ,at p4 #bce1 #a/ s]ies1 ,mr ,max ,mll] says t ,p]sian ,h>ya is ! same z ,sanscrit ,s>oya2 :i* latt] is d]iv$ f a root 's>' or 'sri1' to g1 to run2 f :i* 's>as1' wat]1 's>it1' riv]1 & ',s>ayu1' ! prop] "n ( ! riv] ne> ,oude4 ,"h at any rate 9 ! ,sanskrit s>1 to run1 we may1 if ! above conjecture is reject$1 />t ! words horse & wat] f a common root4 ,! ^w1 ,s horse1 w !re=e /ill rema91 & may p]haps /& 9 ! same relation to ! wat] celebration1 t ! bull does to ! ,m&an celebration ( ! ,deluge4 ,capta9 ,burton1 = in/ance1 tells u 7ii4 #ae71 a ,s 0 br\ght up to u 7on ! f\r? day ( ! ,s-s9 cu/om1 & on ! f\r? day ( ! ,m&an cu/om ! bull-dance 0 p]=m$ sixte5 times r\nd ! big canoe72 b ,i w place ! two descriptions side by side4 ,,capta9 ,,burton1 ii4 #ae4 ,a ',s' 0 br\ght up to u1 a bull-face mask ( natural size1 pa9t$ black1 ) gl>+ eyes & peep-holes1 ! horns 7 hung ) r$ & :ite rag /rips1 & b5ea? 0 a dress ( bamboo fibre cov]+ ! feet1 & ruddy at ! ends4 ,x danc$ ) head on "o side & sway$ itself ab\t1 to ! great amusem5t ( ! p4 ,vide also p4 #ic1 ,f\r tall m5 s+ul>ly dress$1 & ) bullocks' tails1 c4 ,,mr ,,catl91 p4 #af4 ,! *ief actors 9 ^! /range sc5es 7bull-dance7 7 eight m51 ) ! entire sk9s ( buffaloes ?r[n ov] !m1 enabl+ !m closely to imitate ! appe>ance & motions ( ^? animals1 z ! bodies 7 kept 9 z horizontal a position1 ! horns & tails ( ! animals rema9+ on ! sk9s1 & ! sk9s ( ! animals' heads s]v$ z masks ?r\gh ! eyes ( :i* ! danc]s 7 look+4 ,! legs ( ! danc]s 7 pa9t$ r$ & :ite 7plate #f47 ,if we might 7on ! /r5g? ( s _m words ( prim>y necessity be+ 9 common7 connect ,s horse1 ) ! ,saxon soc or pl\gh 7z 9 ! soc & s]vice t5ure71 we c\ld !n see a way 9 :i* ! same ^w might apply indiff]5tly to ox or horse2 & we w\ld1 moreov]1 see ?r\gh ! common relation to ,noah h[ ! wat] c]emony came to be associat$ ) ! wor%ip ( ,c]es 9 ! my/]ies ( ,eleusis4 ,vide ,b\lang]1 i4 #gj-ajg4bad #bad ,comp>e 7,klapro?1 ,mem4 ,asiat4 ii4 #ab7--;,eng4 ox2 ,mongol1 *>2 ,hebrew1 *or2 ,fr5*1 *>rue 7pl\gh47 ,klapro?1 ii4 #dje1 ,les *eveux en ,?\ ,kh9 7:om he id5tifies ) ! ,turks7 portai5t le nom de ,sogo ou sko2 ce/ le mme nom que le ,turc st* ou sadg4 ,c x h aff9ity ) ,*9ese sa 7,*9ese szu boeuf sauvage72 ,g]man1 sen2 ,sw$i%1 s2 ,fr5*1 sem]2 ,engli% to s\2 ,p]uvian1 s>a maize2 also ,fr5*1 c\dre1 to s[ ) ,engli% corn2 ,sanscrit1 g2 ,high ,g]man1 *us2 ,sclavonic1 gws 7,max ,mll]1 ,*ips1 ii4 #bg72 & ,ka%mir & ,dongan1 gau2 ,icel&ic1 ku8 ,9 ,affghan a bull sakh5d> & s\kh&>4 ,9 ! ext9ct ,t>t> ,coman 7vide ,klapro?7 ox ogus or seg] ,turki%1 okus2 ,sanscrit1 ouk*a2 ,g]man1 o*se4 ,pl\gh ,sanscrit1 s9am2 ,iri%1 s]ak2 ,p]sian1 si>4 ,horse zp1 ,p]sian2 ess1 ,sclavonic ,engli% ass2 & 9 ,*ittral on ,indus 7vide horse or bull us$ 9 c]emonies on banks ( ,indus1 infra7 horse a/or4 7,has n tor "h aff9ity ) taureau47 ,corn ,zlek 7,kirghi%7 & ,a%lyk 787 ,turki%4 ,max ,mll] 7,sci5ce ( ,language1 p4 #bca71 says--,aspa 0 ! ,p]sian "n = horse1 & 9 ! ,scy?ian names1 ,aspabota1 ,aspak>a1 & ,asp>a?a1 we c h>dly fail to recognise ! same elem5t4 ,also1 p4 #bdb1 ,! comp>ison ( pl\gh+ & s[+ is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 anci5t language4 ,eng41 pl\gh2 ,sclav41 pl\g ,sanscrit1 plava1 %ip ,gk4 ,greek3 ploion1 %ip4 ,9 ,engli% dialects1 pl\gh is us$ z a waggon or conveyance4 ,9 ! ,vale ( ,blackmore1 a waggon is call$ a pl\gh1 or pl[1 & ,zull 7,a4-,s41 syl7 is us$ = aratrum4--,b>nes1 ,dorset ,dialect1 p4 #cfi1 ap4 ,max ,mll]4 ,! above enum]ation does n exhau/ ! po9ts ( resemblance4 ,comp>e ! foll[+3-- ,,burton1 ii4 #bc4 ,conspicu\s objects on ! left ( ! pavilion 7 two ,ajalela or feti% pots made by ! pres5t k+ 7accord+ to ! cu/oms47 ,vide note #af4 ,bo? are lamp black1 %ap$ l amphor 7amphor1 = hold+ w9e7 ab\t #d feet high1 & plant$ on tripods4 ,! l>g] 0 solid1 ! small] call5d]$ ) _m small holes1 & bo? 7 decorat$ ) brass & silv] cresc5ts1 />s1 & simil> ornam5ts4 ,! second1 :5 fill$ ) wat] & m$ic9e all[s none to escape1 s great is its feti% p[]2 an army gu>d$ by x c nev] be defeat$1 & x w lead ! way to ,absokuta4 ,comp>e ,pongol c]emony1 p4 #bge4 ,,catl91 p4 #h4 ,9 an op5 area 9 ! c5tre ( ! village /&s ! ark or 'big canoe1' ar\nd :i* a great proportion ( ! c]emonies 7 p]=m$4 ,?is rude symbol1 ( #h or #aj feet 9 height1 0 con/ruct$ ( planks & hoops1 hav+ some:at ! appe>ance ( a l>ge hog%ead /&+ on its end1 & conta9+ "s my/]i\s ?+s1 :i* none b ! m$ic9e 7my/]y7 m5 7 all[$ to exam9e4 ,?is mu/ be consid]$ 9 connection ) ! foll[+4 ,,burton4 ,9 ! op5+ procession ( ! ?ird day's cu/oms1 ,capta9 ,burton tells u 7ii4 #b71 ,fir/ came a procession ( eighte5 ,tansi-no or feti% wom51 :o h *>ge ( ! la/ mon>*'s grave4444 ,!y 7 prec$$ by bundles ( matt+1 eight l>ge /ools1 calaba%es1 pipes1 baskets ( wat]1 grog1 & meat ) segm5ts ( g\rd above & bel[1 tobacco bags1 & o!r commiss>iat articles2 & !y 7 foll[$ by a b& ( horns & rattles4#bae #bae ,comp>e ! procession 9 ! ,pana!na & ,dionysia1 supra1 p4 #bdh4 ,9 ano!r procession 7ii4 #dg71 ,! p>ty 0 br\ght up by slave girls c>ry+ baskets & calaba%es4 7,qu]y1 ( wat]87 ,^!1 prec$$ by six bell[+ horns1 /alk$ 9 sl[ly1 & ) measur$ gait ! eight ,tansi-no1 :o s]ve & pray = ! gho/s ( dead k+s4 7,qu]y1 eight dead k+s87 ,9 front w5t _! ensign1 a copp] measur+ rod #ae feet long & tap]+ to a v f9e end2 beh9d x 7 two *auris & sev5 my/]i\s pots & calaba%es wrapp$ 9 :ite & r$ *ecks1 & pres5tly ?ree brass1 f\r copp]1 & six iron pots1 curiosities on acc\nt ( _! great size4444 ,eight images1 ( :i* ?ree 7 app>5tly %ip's figureheads :itewa%$1 & ! re/ v hide\s ef=ts ( native art4#baf #baf ,eight m5 repres5t+ eight buffalo bulls1 9 ,m&an celebration1 took _! positions on ! f\r sides ( ! ark or 'big canoe4'--,catl91 p4 #ag4 ,! *ief actors 9 ^! /range sc5es 7 eight m5 ) sk9s ( buffaloes1 c4 p4 #af4 ,f\r images 7 susp5d$ on poles above ! my/]y lodge1 p4 #h4 ,,catl94 ,9 ,capta9 ,burton's acc\nt ( ! articles p>ad$ 9 ! procession1 ! pipes 7to :i* great my/]y is atta*$71 ! horns & rattles 7vide pl471 & ! baskets ( wat] are common to ! ,m&an c]emony4 ,may n ! eight /ools be repres5tative ( ! eight diluvian survivors4 ,vide supra1 #aig1 ,cabiri8 ,let u1 h[ev]1 conf9e our att5tion to ! baskets ( wat]4 ,comp>e ) ! foll[+ acc\nt 9 ,catl94 ,9 ! m$ic9e 7my/]y7 lodge 444 !re 7 also f\r articles ( v5]ation & importance ly+ on ! gr\nd1 :i* 7 sacks conta9+ ea* "s ?ree or f\r gallons ( wat]4 ,^! seem$ to be objects ( great sup]/iti\s reg>d1 & _h be5 made ) mu* lab\r & +5uity1 be+ con/ruct$ ( ! sk9s ( ! buffaloes' neck1 & sew$ toge!r 9 ! =ms ( l>ge tortoises ly+ on _! backs 7comp4 p4 #ach2 also p4 #bfi71 ea* hav+ a sort ( tail made ( rav5's quills & a /ick l a drum/ick ly+ on x1 ) :i*1 z w be se5 9 a subsequ5t "p ( ! c]emony1 ! musicians beat ^u ! sacks z in/rum5ts ( music = _! /range dances4 ,by ! sides ( ^! sacks1 :i* !y call$ ,e*-tee-ka 7drums71 !re 7 two o!r articles ( equal importance :i* !y call$ ,e*-na-da 7rattles7 made ( undress$ sk9s %ap$ into ! =m ( g\rd %ells1 c4 7,note ! segm5ts ( g\rd accompany+ ! wat] baskets 9 ! ,dahome procession1 supra47 ,catl9 adds--,! sacks ( wat] _h ! appe>ance ( great antiquity1 & ! ,m&ans pret5d$ t ! wat] _h be5 conta9$ 9 !m ev] s9ce ! ,deluge4--pp4 #ae1 #af4bag #bag ,9 ! ,japanese 7vide p4 #bfi7 v]sion ( ! leg5d ( ! bull break+ ! mundane egg 7vide p4 #cif71 a g\rd or pumpk9 is also brok5 :i* conta9$ ! fir/ man4--,vide ,bryant's ,my?ology1 iii4 #egi4 ,i h m5tion$ t ! ark 0 look$ ^u z ! "m ( mank9d1 & /yl$ ,da-,mat]1 & x 0 on ?is acc\nt figur$ "u ! semblance ( a pomegranate1 z x ab\nds ) se$--,bryant1 ii4 #chj4 ,vide also plate 7,bryant1 ii4 #daj71 :]e ,juno 7vide1 p4 #cie7 holds a dove 9 "o h& & a pomegranate 9 ! o!r4 ,,burton1 ii4 #ce4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t at ,dahome1 royalty z !re repres5t$ has absorb$ & monopoliz$ ! mo/ important p>ts ( ! c]emonial3 x is natural1 !re=e1 to expect t ! conspicu\s figures 9 ! orig9al 7or 9 ! ,m&an71 :i* conflict$ or w\ld n consort ) royalty1 w\ld be ?r[n into ! backgr\nd4 ,accord+ly ,i am only able to get a glimpse ( ! conspicu\s figures opposite 9 ! foll[+ passage3--,! je/]s 7 foll[$ by a doz5 pursuivants arm$ ) gong-gongs1 :o advanc$ b5d+ t[>ds ! ?rone1 & %\t$ ! '/rong names' or titles4 ,conspicu\s among/ !m 0 an old/] 9 a crimson sleeveless tunic & yell[ %orts3 8 head 0 r$ ) du/1 he c>ri$ a l>ge bill-hook1#bah & he w5t ab\t att5d$ by f\r drums & "o cymbal4 #bah ,comp>e also sup41 p4 #baj1 ) ,saturn4 ,ipsius autem canities1 c41 & cum falce messis insigne4 ,x w be rememb]$ 7if my read]s h read ,mr ,catl91 p4 #aa1 #ab7 t ! fir/ ?+ ! ag$ :ite man does on ent]+ ! my/]y lodge is to call on ! *iefs to furni% him ) f\r m51 & ! next is to receive at ! door ( e ,m&an's wigwam "s edg$ tool to be giv5 to ! wat] z a sacrifice1 z x 0 ) su* tools t ! big canoe 0 built4#bai #bai ,comp>e aga9 ^! two figures1 "o figur+ 9 ! ,dahoman procession1 ! o!r 9 ! ,m&an bull dance4 ,,catl91 p4 #aj4 ,! op5+ sc5e 9 ! ,m&an cu/oms1 effectively describ$ by ,mr ,catl91 beg9s ) a solit>y human figure desc5d+ ! prairie hills & approa*+ ! village1 9 appe>ance a v ag$ man1 a c5t5>ian :ite man1 dress$ 9 a robe ( f\r :ite wolves' sk9s4 ,he 0 met by ! head *ief & ! c\ncil ( *iefs1 & address$ by !m z ,nu-mohk-muck-a-nah 7! fir/ & only man47 ,he !n h>angu$ !m = a few m9utes1 rem9d+ !m t e human be+ on ! surface ( ! e>? _h be5 de/roy$ by ! wat] except+ himself1 :o _h l&$ on a high m\nta9 9 ! we/ 9 8 canoe1 :]e he /ill resid$1 & f :5ce he _h come to op5 ! m$ic9e 7my/]y7 lodge1 t ! ,m&ans might celebrate ! subsid+ ( ! wat]s1 & make ! prop] sacrifices to ! wat]1 le/ ! same calamity %\ld aga9 happ5 to !m4 ,,burton1 ii4 #ch4 ,! m9i/]s 444 !y 7 conduct$ by a ',lali' or half-head1 ) "r side ( 8 p]icranium clean %av51 & ! left 9 a cas+ ( silv] t look$ l a ca/ or a half melon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,burton says 7ii4 #hg71 ,"o ( ! ,dahoman mon>*'s peculi>ities is t he is d\ble1 n m]ely b9onym\s1 nor dual1 l ! spiritual ,mickado & temporal ,tycoon ( ,japan1 b two 9 "o4 ,gelele1 = in/ance1 is k+ ( ! city & addo-kpon ( ! 'bu%'2 i4e4 ( ! f>m] folk & ! c\ntry z oppos$ to ! city4 ,?is c\ntry rul] has 8 (ficial "m1 ! ,dank-li-ke4444 ,?us ,dahome has two po9ts ( int]e/ to ! e?nologi/--! di/9ct prec$5ce ( wom5 & ! d\ble k+4--,vide also p4 #hj4 ,,catl91 p4 #cj4 ,comp>e ) ! two a?letic "y m5 7vide ,plate ,,xiii47 assign$ to ea* ( ! "y m5 :o und]w5t ! torture--_! bodies pa9t$ "o half r$ & ! o!r blue1 & c>ry+ a bun* ( will[-b\ghs 9 "o h&4 ,"h two or ?ree que/ions sugge/ !mselves4 ,if ?is c]emony is primitive1 w n dual royalty give a clue to ! duality we f9d s commonly 9 my?ology1 assum+ ! basis ( my?ology to be hi/orical8 #b;d1 ,is !re no clue 9 ! "n1 (ficial "n1 ( ,dank-li-ke8 ,:at does ! read] guess ! mean+ to be8 7p4 #eh47 ,mr ,burton tells u x means1 ,dank 7! ra9b[71 li 7/&71 & ke 7! _w74 ,is x a =c$ p>aphrase to con/rue ?is to mean--,! ra9b[ is ! sign t ! _w %all /&8 ,^u ! po9t ( ! prec$5ce ( woman1 to :i* ! ,dahoman c]emony te/ifies1 b to :i* x gives no clue1 ,i %all1 z x is s v important 9 m be>+s ?an "o1 give at "s l5g? ! foll[+ sc5e f ,catl93-- ,:5 '! evil _s' ent]s ! camp dur+ ! c]emony1 he proce$s to make v>i\s attacks1 :i* are defeat$ by ! int]v5tion ( ! ma/] ( ! c]emonies4 ,9 sev]al attempts ( ?is k9d ! evil _s 0 ?us defeat$1 aft] :i* he came w&]+ back among/ ! danc]s1 app>5tly mu* fatigu$ & disappo9t$4444 ,9 ?is di/ress+ dilemma he 0 approa*$ by an old matron1 :o came up slyly beh9d him1 ) bo? h&s full ( yell[ dirt1 :i* 7by rea*+ ar\nd him7 %e sudd5ly da%$ 9 8 face1 cov]+ him f head to foot1 & *ang+ 8 col\r1 z ! dirt adh]$ to ! undri$ be>'s grease on 8 sk92 444 at l5g? ano!r snat*$ 8 w& f 8 h& & broke x across h] knee 444 8 p[] 0 ?us gone 444 bolt+ ?r\gh ! cr[d1 he made 8 way to ! prairies4--,p4 #bd4 ,we %all n be surpris$ to le>n1 !n1 t :5 ! ,fea/ ( ! ,buffaloes 7di/9ct f ! bull-dance7 comm5ces 7p4 #cc71 sev]al old m5 p]ambulat$ ! village 9 v>i\s directions1 9 ! "* ( cri]s1 ) rattles 9 _! h&s1 proclaim+ t ! :ole gov]nm5t ( ! ,m&ans 0 !n 9 ! h&s ( "o woman--%e :o _h dis>m$ ! evil _s 444 t ! *iefs t night 7 old wom52 t !y _h no?+ to say2 t no "o 0 all[$ to be out ( _! wigwams except+ ! fav\r$ ones :om '! gov]n+ woman' _h invit$1 c4 ,w n ?is give a clue to ! prec$5ce 9 ,dahome1 prob&is probatis1 & is n ! prec$5ce 9 ,dahome ?us int]pret$1 & ! int]lude above describ$ evid5ce ( ! tradition1 t ! woman %\ld break ! head ( ! s]p5t8 7,g54 iii4 #ae74 ,x is ( great significance1 &1 if s _m po9ts ( comp>ison _h n occurr$1 ought to h be5 /at$ at ! outset1 t at ,dahome ! ,s9-kwa9 7s91 wat]--kwa91 spr9kl+71 or wat]-spr9kl+ cu/om foll[s closely ^u ! ,s-s9 or ,horse-tie rites4--,vide ,burton1 ii4 #afg4 ,n[1 if ! read] w turn to ,b\lang]1 i4 #ij1 #ia1 he w f9d ?is id5tical cu/om 9 ,p]sia1 ,pegu1 ,*9a1 & ,japan4 ,b ,i rel9qui% ! details1 z ,i fe> ,i %all h exhau/$ ! pati5ce ( ! few read]s ,i %all h c>ri$ ) me to ?is po9t2 & because ! ,k+ ( ,dahome has a cu/om p]haps /ill m demon/rably cognate to n only ! anci5t ,grecian c]emonies on ! %ores ( ! ocean & on ! banks ( riv]s1 b ) widely diffus$ tradition4 ,i %all "h place f\r writ]s 9 juxtaposition1 & ) ?is te/imony ,i %all conclude3-- ,,b\lang]4 ,! anci5t inhabitants ( ,italy repair$ once a ye> to ! ,lake ,cutilia1 :]e !y made sacrifices & celebrat$ secret my/]ies or c]emonies 7,dion4 ,halic>nassus1 i4 #b74 ,! pontiffs 9 anci5t ,rome also w5t annually to ! banks ( ! ,tib]1 l ils faisoi5t des sacrifices expiatoires ,saturne1 ce ,dieu *ronique1 c4 7,dion4 ,hal4 i4 #h47 ,9 ! k+dom ( ,saka 9 ,africa _! greate/ solemnity 0 celebrat$ on ! banks ( ! riv]s2 ! k+ himself presides at x 7,hi/4 ,g5]4 des ,voy41 iii4 #fci74 ,! same cu/om has be5 already 7supra1 p4 #beb7 notic$ on ! ,indus4 ,9 all ^! cases human sacrifices 7 (f]$1 or sub/itutes4--,b\lang]1 i4 pp4 #aaj-aa4 ,comp>e supra1 p4 #bdc1 l9es f ,dionysius ,p]iegesis4 ,,burton4 ,at ,:ydat ! y\nge/ bro!r ( _! triad is ,hu1 ! ocean or sea4 ,comp>e ) ,assyrian ,hoa1 supra1 p4 #aid1 & ,*9ese ,yu1 p4 #fh4 ,! ,hu-no1 or ocean prie/1 is n[ consid]$ ! highe/ ( all4444 ,at times ! k+ s5ds z an ocean sacrifice f ,agborne a man c>ri$ 9 a hammock1 ) ! dress1 ! /ool1 & ! umbrella ( a ,caboce]2 a canoe takes him out to sea1 :]e he is ?r[n to ! %>ks4 ,! cu/om = ?is elem5t is made at ,:ydat1 9 a place ne> ! great] m>ket1 & call$ ,hu-kpa-man4 ,x is a r\nd hut1 ) ?at* & *alk$ walls3 outside is a heap ( bones1 :il/ skulls1 c>apaces ( ! tortoise1 & simil> mat]ials1 cumb] ! int]ior4 ,! prie/ is a feti% woman1 :o (f]s wat] & kola nuts to1 & expects rum f1 :ite visitors4--ii4 p4 #ada4 ,comp>e also supra1 9 ,preface1 extract f ,davies' ,celtic ,rese>*es on ! ,celtic god ,hu4 ,,catl94 ,! wat] c]emonies 9 ,catl9's acc\nt h already be5 suffici5tly adv]t$ to4 ,he ?us describes ! m$ic9e or my/]y lodge 9 :i* !y took place4 ,ext]iorly1 ) ! exception ( ! f\r images1 x diff]$ only 9 dim5sions f ! o!r wigwams1 :i* are ?us describ$8 ,!y 7 cov]$ ) e>?4 ,!y 7 all ( "o =m2 ! frames or %ells con/ruct$ ( timb]s1 & cov]$ ) a ?at*+ ( will[ b\ghs1 & ov] & on t ) a foot or two 9 ?ickness ( a concrete ( t\gh clay & gravel1 :i* became s h>d z to admit ! :ole gr\p ( inmates to recl9e on _! tops4 ,!y v>i$ 9 size f ?irty to sixty feet1 & 7 p]fectly r\nd4 ,= extract describ+ int]ior1 vide supra1 p4 #beg1 not+ 7vide ,plate iii4 9 ,catl97 ! f\r human & f\r ox skulls2 ! sacks ( wat] 9 ! =m ( l>ge tortoises ly+ on _! backs4 ,n4,b4--,) ref]5ce to ! tortoise1 vide ante p4 #beg4 ,comp>e ! ,buddhi/ ,topes 9 ,major ,cunn+ham's ,bhilsa ,tope1 vide p4 #bdc4 ,,hunt]4 ,hunt] 7,annals ( ,rural ,b5gal1 p4 #aec7 says ( ! ,santals3 ,! only /ream ( any consequ5ce 9 _! pres5t c\ntry--! ,dam\da--is reg>d$ ) a v5]ation altoge!r disproportionate to its size4 ,?i!r ! sup]/iti\s ,santal repairs to consult ! prophets & div9]s1 & once a ye> ! tribes make a pilgrimage to its banks 9 commemoration ( _! =efa!rs4444 ,h[ev] remote ! jungle 9 :i* ! ,santal may die1 8 ne>e/ k9sman c>ries a little relic ( ! deceas$ to ! riv]1 & places x 9 ! curr5t to be convey$ to ! f>-(f ea/]n l& f :i* 8 ance/ors came4 ,9 connection ) ! above1 x mu/ be rememb]$ 7vide ,app5dix ,g1 p4 #dhj1 ,santal ,traditions7 t !y h1 al?\gh confus$ ) ! ,creation1 an unmi/akable tradition ( ! ,deluge1 ! intoxication ( ,noah1 & ! disp]sion4 ,if1 !n1 ,i h %[n t ! cu/om1 = ! pres]vation ( :i* f oblivion1 s f> z ! ,m&ans 7n[ ext9ct7 are conc]n$1 we are indebt$ to ,mr ,catl91 & :i* s pla9ly tells its own tale1 is common to ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa1 z well z ,am]ica1 ,i %all h e/abli%$ x z a tradition1 n ( a local ,am]ican1 b ( an univ]sal ,deluge2 & if ! tradition ( ! univ]sal ,deluge is prov$1 !n1 accord+ to ,mr ,catl9's n>rative itself1 !re is tradition ( ! ,creation also 7vide pp4 #g1 #ac1 #db74bbj #bbj ,i allude to ! op5+ ( ! c]emony by ! c5t5>ian :ite man1 ! fir/ & only man4 ,mr ,catl9 is ( op9ion t ?is incid5t 0 introduc$ & sup]add$ by "s mission>ies1 ?\gh he adds x w\ld be /ill m /range if ! 7,jesuit7 mission>ies _h in/ruct$ !m 9 ! o!r modes4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is und]/at+ ! case4 ,x is conceivable t mission>ies %\ld h come among !m1 b 9 ?is case we %\ld h expect$ "s trace ( ,*ri/ian practices & dogmas2 x is difficult to conjecture :at set ( mission>ies c\ld h indoctr9at$ !m ) ! recondite pagan my/]ies ( ,eleusis & ,hi]apolis4 ,i h repli$ m fully1 9 *ap4 vii41 to ,mr ,catl9's objection--t ?\gh !y h a tradition ( a deluge1 x is n ! tradition ( ! ,deluge1 because !y h n also ! tradition ( ! ,creation4 ,mr ,catl9 argues ^u ! view t ! ,am]ican race 7 creat$ ^u ! gr\nd on :i* !y 7 f\nd 7,la/ ,rambles1 p4 #cba1 #ahfh72 & 7p4 #cai7 adds1 ,i c f9d no?+ 9 hi/ory1 sacr$ or pr(ane1 aga9/ ?is4 ,he takes 8 /& 79 ,o-kee-pa7 ^u ?is--t !re is no?+ 9 ! ,m&an tradition :i* c be br\ght 9 pro( ( _! migration f ano!r cont95t4 ,9 reply ,i %all adduce _! v "n4 ,! ,am]ican cont95t may h be5 peopl$ by way ( ,behr+'s ,/raits1 or f ,europe 9 ! ,ea/ by way ( ,gre5l&1 or by ! connection ( ! ,pacific ,isl&s f ! opposite coa/s ( ,japan1 ,*9a1 & ! ,corea1 or f ! ,polynesian gr\ps 9 ! s\?4 ,! population may h p\r$ 9 by all ^! r\tes4 ,x is said 7,prescott1 ,conque/ ( ,mexico1 ii4 #dgc7bba t ,,mss4 exi/ at ,cop5hag5 prov+ t ! ,am]ican coa/ 0 visit$ by ! ,nor?m5 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,! ,polynesian r\te we may leave out ( consid]ation1 z x w n probably h be5 ! "o by :i* ! ,m&ans came4 ,z to ! r\te by ,behr+'s ,/raits1 ,mr ,catl9 admits x is a possibility1 & !re=e !y say x is probable 7p4 #bag1 ,la/ ,rambles74 ,b if1 z !re appe>s to me reason to ?9k1 !y came f ! opposite coa/ ( ! ,corea1 x might z reasonably be conjectur$ t ! migration took ! r\te ( ,behr+'s ,/raits1 or by way ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s4 ,! possibility ( ! =m] is conc$$4 ,i w conf9e my att5tion1 !re=e1 to ! latt]1 :i* ,mr ,catl9 pron\nces absolutely impossible4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s & ,am]ica is n great] ?an betwe5 ,otaheite & ,new ,zeal&4#bbb ,n[ x is admitt$ t ,new ,zeal& 0 peopl$ f ,otaheite4 ,moreov] 7vide ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1 ,pre-hi/oric ,times1 p4 #cij71 ! inhabitants ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 at two ?\s& miles di/ance1 belong to ! same race z ^? ( ,tahiti 7,otaheite7 & ,new ,zeal&1 & resemble !m 9 religion1 languages1 canoes1 h\ses1 weapons1 food1 habits1 c4#bbc ,! canoes ( ! ,pacific isl&]s g5]ally 7vide ,capta9 ,cook passim7 7 ( consid]able size1 & ( v p]fect workman%ip4 ,b also ,prescott 7,conque/ ( ,mexico1 ii4 #dgc1 quot+ ,bee*ey's ,voyage to ,pacific1 #ahca1 p4 #b ,app5dix1 ,humboldt's ,exam54 ,critique de l',hi/4 de la ,geog4 & ,nuov4 ,cont4 ii4 #ee7 says1 ,x w\ld be easy = ! inhabitant ( ,ea/]n ,t>t>y or ,japan to /e] 8 canoe f islet to islet q across to ! ,am]ican %ore1 )\t ev] be+ on ! ocean m ?an two days at a "t4#bbd #bba ,vide also ,giebel1 ,tagesfrag51 p4 #ia2 apud ,reus*1 p4 #ejj4 #bbb ,vide ,cook's ,voyages1 i4 #aii2 ,prescott1 ii4 #dgf4 #bbc ,!re h be5 rec5t in/ances ( ,japanese vessels hav+ be5 ?r[n by %ipwreck ^u ! coa/s ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 & ev5 on ! m\? ( ! ,columbia4--,reus*1 ,la ,bible et la ,nature1 p4 #dii4 ,s9ce ! nor?-we/ coa/ ( ,am]ica & ! nor?-ea/ ( ,asia h be5 explor$1 little difficulty rema9s on ?is subject4444 ,small boats c safely pass ! n>r[ /rait4 ,t5 degrees f>!r s\?1 ! ,aleutian & ,fox isl&s =m a cont9u\s *a9 betwe5 ,kams*atka & ! p59sula ( ,alaska 9 su* a mann] z to leave ! passage across a matt] ( no difficulty4--,w>burton's ,conque/ ( ,canada1 i4 #aid4 ,ellis 7,polynesian ,rese>*es1 ii4 #df7 says3 ,!re are also _m po9ts ( resemblance 9 language1 mann]s1 & cu/oms betwe5 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s & ! inhabitants ( ,madagasc> 9 ! we/2 ! inhabitants ( ! ,aleutian & ,kurile isl&s 9 ! nor?1 :i* /ret* along ! m\? ( ,behr+'s ,/raits1 & =ms ! *a9 :i* connects ! old & new worlds1 c4 #bbd ,! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 ) a population ( #ejj1jjj1 are m ?an two ?\s& miles f ! coa/ ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,h[ did ! population ( ^? isl&s get !re8 ,c]ta9ly n 9 canoes ov] ocean waves ( two ?\s& miles4 ,b ,i am told '! ,s&wi* isl&]s are ,polynesians2' n a bit ( x2 !y are two ?\s& miles nor? ( ! ,polynesian gr\p1 ) ! same impossibility ( canoe navigation1 & are z diff]5t 9 physiological traits ( "* & language f ! ,polynesian1 z !y are diff]5t f ! ,am]ican races4--,la/ ,rambles 7,catl971 p4 #cag4 #ahfh4 ,capta9 ,k+1 ,transactions on return+ to ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 c41 cont9uation ( ,cook's voyages1 ,p9k]ton 7xi4 #gcj7 says on ! contr>y3 ,! inhabitants ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s are und\bt$ly ( ! same race ) ^? ( ,new ,zeal&1 ! ,society & ,fri5dly ,isl&s1 ,ea/] ,isl&s1 & ! ,m>quesas4 ,?is fact1 :i*1 extraord9>y z x is1 might be ?\ght suffici5tly prov$ by ! /rik+ simil>ity ( _! mann]s & cu/oms1 & ! g5]al resemblance ( _! p]sons is e/abli%$ beyond all controv]sy by ! absolute id5tity ( _! language4 ,%ortl& says t ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 :5 speak+ ( any old practice1 reg>d+ ! orig9 ( :i* y may inquire1 h ! expression con/antly 9 _! m\?s1 ',e h>a i te mea poka h\ mai2 no ,hawaika mai ano4'--,x is n a mod]n inv5tion2 b a practice br\ght f ,hawaiki1 ,s&wi* ,isl&s74--,%ortl&'s ,traditions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 p4 #fa4 ,we may agree1 !n1 t ! ,m&ans might h come by ?is r\te4 ,is !re any?+ :i* makes x probable t !y came8 ,well1 yes2 9 ! fir/ place _! "n4 ,mr ,catl9 tells u 7,o-kee-pa1 p4 #e71 ,! ,m&ans 7,nu-mak-k-kee1 pheasants1 z !y call !mselves7 h be5 kn[n f ! "t ( ! fir/ visits made to !m1 to ! day ( _! de/ruction1 z "o ( ! mo/ fri5dly & hospitable tribes on ! ,unit$ ,/ates fronti]4 ,x transpires1 !re=e1 t !y are call$ pheasants4 ,is ! pheasant a native ( ,am]ica8--on ! o!r h&1 is x n common on ! opposite ,asiatic cont95t1 & on ! isl&s adjac5t to x f ,new ,gu9ea to ! ,corea8 ,i h nev] he>d ( ! pheasant 9 ! ,am]ican cont95t2#bbe b 9 read+ ! acc\nts ( ! mission>ies ( ! ,corea 7! only =eign]s :o h p5etrat$ into ! c\ntry71 ,i read1 t cl\ds ( pheasants & birds ( all k9ds p]* at night 9 ! bran*es ( ! trees 7,life ( ,h5ri ,dorie1 translat$ by ,lady ,h]b]t2 ,burns ,oates1 p4 #gg72 & if ! read] w turn to p4 #gi 9 ! same ,life1 & w comp>e ! description ( ! ,coreans1 :i* he w f9d !re1 ) ! description & portraits ( ! ,m&ans 9 ,mr ,catl9's ,o-kee-pa1 pp4 #d1 #e1 he w1 ,i ?9k1 recognise a suffici5t resemblance to w>rant & su/a9 ! presumption creat$ by _! "n4#bbf #bbe ,z f> z ,i c asc]ta91 ! pheasant is n a native ( ,am]ica4 ,y>rell speaks ( x z ,asiatic1 & t x has be5 dome/icat$ 9 all p>ts ( ! old cont95t4 ,s also ,g\ld4 ,( ! ,am]ican writ]s1 nei!r ,wilson1 ,audubon1 ,bonap>te1 ,nuttall1 ,ri*>dson1 or ,jameson include ! pheasant4 ,mr ,catl91 h[ev]1 says1 p4 #dd3 ,f ! translation ( _! "n1 already m5tion$ 7,nu-mah-k-kee1 pheasants71 an important inf]5ce may be drawn 9 support ( ! probability ( _! hav+ =m]ly liv$ mu* f>!r to ! s\?1 z t bird does n exi/ on ! prairies ( ! ,upp] ,miss\ri1 & is n to be met ) %ort ( ! ho>y =e/s ( ,ohio & ,indiana1 eighte5 hundr$ miles s\? ( ! la/ resid5ce ( ! ,m&ans4 ,9 _! famili> "n ( ,m&an1 :i* is n an ,indian ^w1 !re are equally s+ul> & important features4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 t !y knew no?+ ( ! "n or h[ !y got x2 & next1 t ! ^w ,m&an 9 ! ,wel% language ,mr ,c4's !ory is t !y are ! survivors ( ,pr9ce ,madoc's exp$ition f ,wales 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury means r$ dye1 ( :i* fur!r m5tion w be made4 ,on ! leg5d ( ! ,wel% exp$ition1 vide ,w>burton's ,conque/ ( ,canada1 ii41 ,app5dix iv4 #bbf ,! ,indians resemble ! p ( nor?-ea/]n ,asia 9 =m & feature m ?an any o!r ( ! human race2 _! population is mo/ d5se along ! di/ricts ne>e/ to ,asia2 & among ! ,mexicans1 ^: records ( ! pa/ des]ve cr$5ce1 !re is a con/ant tradition t _! ,aztec & ,toltec *iefs came f ! nor?-we/4--,w>burton's ,conque/ ( ,canada1 i4 #aie4 ,brace 7,manual ( ,e?nology1 p4 #aae7 says1 aft] not+ t :]eas ! prom95ce 9 ! head is ant]ior 9 ! ,*9ese r ?an lat]al1 z 9 ! ,am]ican ,indians & ! ,tangusic tribes1 adds1 ,! peculi> di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ics are ! smallness ( ! eyes & ! obliquity ( ! eyelids4 ,! nose is usually small & depress$1 ?\gh sometimes1 9 fav\rable physical conditions1 natives are f\nd ) a slightly aquil9e nose1 giv+ ! face a close resemblance to t ( ! ,am]ican ,indians or ,new ,zeal&]s4 ,ref] to argum5t at p4 #gj1 ) ref]5ce to ! ,mozca ,indians4 ,to ! peculi>ity ( "n1 & resemblance ( feature1 ,i %all n[ proce$ to add ! evid5ce ( "s traces ( _! peculi> cu/oms1 or at lea/ ( "s trace ( ! tradition out ( :i* !y arose4 ,i am n at pres5t 9 possession ( evid5ce to %[ ?is 9 ! ,corea itself 7almo/ totally unkn[n & unexplor$71 b 9 ! isl& ( ,=mosa ! same mode ( burial is obs]v$1 only t among ! ,=mosans o!r cu/oms are add$1 :i* rem9d "o ( ! commemorative cu/oms ( ! ,m&ans4 ,,catl91 p4 #h4 ,_! 7,m&an7 dead1 p>tially embalm$1 are tightly wrapp$ 9 buffalo hides s(t5$ ) glue & wat]1 & plac$ on slight scaffolds1 above ! rea* ( animals or human h&s1 ea* body hav+ its sep>ate scaffold4 ,! ,m&an dance 0 r\nd ! big canoe1 & a "p ( _! c]emony on ! ro( ( _! wigwams4 ,among ! ,opis*es*aht ,indians 7vide ,field1 ,oct4 #b1 #ahfi7 !re 0 a dance :i* !y call$ ! ro( dance4 ,:ile ! dance & song 7 go+ on bel[1 leap$ up & d[n betwe5 ! ro(-bo>d1 pu%$ aside = t purpose1 mak+ a noise l ?und]4444 ,aft] ! dance 0 f9i%$ an old ,se%aaht came =w>d1 & rem>k$1 t z x 0 a dance peculi> to 8 tribe x c\ld n be omitt$1 ?\gh v injuri\s to ! ro(4 ,,ogilby',s ,,japan1 p4 #eb4 ,! mann] ( dispos+ ( _! 7,=mosans'7 dead & fun]al obsequies is ?us3 ,:5 any "o dies1 ! corpse be+ laid out1 aft] tw5ty-f\r h\rs !y elevate x ^u a conv5i5t scaffold or /age1 f\r feet high1 matt$ ) re$s & ru%es1 ne> :i* !y make a fire1 s t ! corpse may dry by degrees4444 ,!y dr9k intoxicat+ liquors4 ,"o beats on a drum made l a *e/1 b long] & broad]1 & turn+ ! bottom upw>ds2 ! wom5 get up1 & two by two1 back to back1 move _! legs & arms 9 a danc+ "t & measure1 :i* pace1 or tabor+ tread1 s5ds a k9d ( murmur+ or doleful s\nd f ! holl[ tree4 ,n4,b4--,_! boats 7 con/ruct$ by holl[+ out a tree 7vide ,catl9's ,la/ ,rambles1 p4 #ii74bbg #bbg ,comp>e :at ,ogilby 7p4 #cf7 says3 ,ne> ,fir&o 7,japan7 at an inlet ( ! sea /&s an idol1 be+ no?+ b a *e/ ( wood1 ab\t ?ree feet high1 /&+ l an alt> ! big canoe 0 plac$ on end among ! ,m&ans1 :i!r wom51 :5 !y suppose !y h conceiv$1 g 9 pilgrimage1 (f]+ on _! knees rice or o!r pres5ts4 ,at p4 #acf1 at ,jado1 x is said1 some:at f>!r /&s a temple d$icat$ to all sorts ( animals ) a v high d\ble ro(4 7,qu]y1 ,noah's ark87 ,9 ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news1 ,janu>y #ac1 #ahgb1 its correspond5t f ,yokohama gives a %ort acc\nt ( ! ,japanese religi\s fe/ivals1 9 :i* among o!r co9cid5ces ,i note ! foll[+3 ,! mo/ absurd1 he says1 is "o 9 :i* ! f\l fi5d is simultane\sly expell$ f e h\se by d9t ( pelt+ him ) boil$ peas4 ,! devil is *as$ out ( ! t[n ) a dance ( d]ision1 by "y fell[s 9 grotesque co/umes1 = ! public mir?4 ,comp>e ) ! sc5e 9 ! ,m&an c]emonies1 describ$ by ,catl91 vide supra1 p4 #bfj4 ,n[1 comp>e ) ! above1 & also ) ! extracts f ,burton & ,catl91 at p4 #bed1 rememb]+ ! prom95ce ( ! ox or bull 7! ox & bull dance7 9 ! ,m&an cu/oms1 & ! connection ( ! bull ) ,n9 or ,n9ip1 p4 #bjj1 #bjc1 & o!r my?ological figures ( :i* ,i believe ,noah to h be5 ! antitype4 ,! foll[+ description ( ! mo/ curi\s traditional repres5tation 9 ,japan 7,ogilby1 p4 #bgi73-- ,moreov]1 besides ! ox temple 9 ,meaco1 !re is also to be se5 ! /ately *apel d$icat$ to ! ,creator ( all ?+s 7! ox 9 ! above-m5tion$ temple is repres5t$ z break+ ! mundane egg1 vide supra1 p4 #beg71 :o is repres5t$ 9 a v /range mann]4 ,9 ! middle ( ! temple is a great pot full ( wat] surr\nd$ ) a wall1 sev5 feet high f ! gr\nd1 9 ! middle ( :i* appe>s an exce$+ great tortoise1 ^: %ell1 feet1 & head /&s 9 ! wat]2 out ( its back rises ! body ( a great tree1 on ! top ( :i* sits a /range & horrible figure 444 !n foll[s a good deal :i* has its explanation1 b mu/ be curtail$ 444 ! image ha? f\r arms 444 9 "o ! h& grasps a cruse1 f :5ce wat] issues cont9ually2 ! o!r h& holds a sceptre4444 ,! tree :]eon he sits is ( brass1 444 ab\t ! middle ( ?is tree an exce$+ great s]p5t ha? wrea!d itself twice1 ^: head & body is on ! "r side held fa/ by two horrible %apes1 ! rema9+ "p !re( to ! tail1 two k+s & "o ( ,japan sages /ret* =? evid5tly repres5t+ ! cont5d+ influ5ces 7z 9 ,m&an dance71 "o ( ! k+s hav+ ! duplicat$ ,janus head1 supra1 p4 #bbj4bbh #bbh ,comp>e p4 #ddh 9 ,fl9t ,*ips1 7,e4 ,t4 ,/ev5s74 ,! ,omahas possess a sacr$ %ell1 :i* is reg>d$ z an object ( great sanctity by ! :ole nation4 ,x has be5 transmitt$ f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & its orig9 is unkn[n4 ,a sk9 lodge is appropriat$ to x1 & 9 ?is lodge a man1 appo9t$ z a gu>d to ! %ell1 con/antly resides4 ,x is plac$ ^u a /&1 & is nev] suff]$ to t\* ! e>?4 ,x is conceal$ f sight by a numb] ( mats made ( /rips ( sk9 plait$4 ,! :ole =ms a l>ge package1 f :i* tobacco 7comp4 ,/ev5s' ,fl9t ,*ips1 p4 #cae1 & ,catl91 supra7 & ! roots ( trees 7comp4 supra1 p4 #aee71 & o!r objects are susp5d$1 c4 c4 ,at pp4 #dgg-gh !re is p]haps a /ill m def9ite tradition ( ! ,deluge 7confus$ z usual ) traditions ( ! ,creation7 9 connection ) ! idol ,topan4 ,n f> f ,mettogamma 7said ! int]pret]7 lies an exce$+ high m\nta9 444 ! top ( :i* /& sev]al temples :i* may be se5 a great di/ance (f at sea4 ,9 ^! temples ! ,bonzies wor%ipp$ t great ,god :i* =m]ly creat$ ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 b also fifte5 less] deities :i* "s ages s9ce conv]s$ ^u ! e>? 7comp>e pp4 #fc1 #ig47 ,!n foll[s _! acc\nt ( ! ,creation4 ,mank9d n only increas$ 9 numb] b also 9 wick$ness1 diff]+ m & m f _! heav5ly extract1 gr[+ /ill worse & worse1 mock+ at ?und]1 ra9b[s1 & fire2 nay1 !y blasphem$ ! great ,god himself 7:om :5 ! int]pret] nam$1 he b[$ 8 head to ! gr\nd71 :]eupon ,he call$ ,8 inf]ior deities ab\t ,him1 tell+ !m t ,he resolv$ to de/roy & ru9 all ?+s 444 & make a r\nd globe1 9 :i* ! f\r elem5ts %\ld be all resolv$ into _! =m] mass2 & *iefly ,he comm&$ ! idol ,topan to make ?und] balls to %oot ?r\gh ! air & fire all ! k+doms ) lightn+ 444 s t none 7 sav$ except "o man & 8 family1 t _h ent]ta9$ & duly wor%ipp$ ! gods4 ,( ! god ,topan x _h be5 previ\sly said t "s ye>s s9ce he saw ! temple ( ! idol ,topan1 ^: image /ood on a copp] alt>1 ca/ l cl\ds1 himself arm$ z a w>rior1 a coronet helmet on 8 head1 8 h& grasp+ a mighty club1 & seem+ to fly ?r\gh ! sky & mov+ 8 club to occasion ?und]4 ,:5 x ?und]$1 a ,bonzi1 ^: head 0 adorn$ ) consecrat$ leaves ,qu]y1 ! olive or will[8 :i* no ?und] c\ld h>m1 (f]$ sev]al fi%es4 7,comp4 #aig1 #bjc47 ,vide also p4 #id1 repres5tation ( ! fi%-god 9 ! p]son ( _! god ,canon :]e we read ( _! gods ,canon & ,camis or ,*amis2 if we 7 to sub/itute ,canaan & ,*am1 quid vetat8#bbi #bbi ,vide ,japanese tradition ( ! ,deluge 7,b]tr&1 ,dict4 des ,relig41 ,ga9et1 i4 #bjh2 also id471 x is said t ! ,japanese commemorate ?is ev5t 9 _! ?ird annual fe/ival1 :i* takes place on ! fif? day ( ! fif? mon?4 ,comp>e ) ,m&an's1 supra4 ,to complete ! circle ( evid5ce1 z reg>ds ! g5]al tradition1 ,i mu/ add ! foll[+ extracts f ,capta9 ,cook's voyages1 i4 #aaj 7,london1 #ahdf73--;,9 ! isl& ( ,huahie9e1 ?irty-"o leagues f ,otaheite ,n4-,w41 ,capta9 ,cook came ^u an erection1 ( :i* he says--,! g5]al resemblance betwe5 ?is repository & ! ark ( ! ,"l among ! ,jews is rem>kable2 b x is /ill m rem>kable t ^u inquir+ ( a boy :at x 0 call$1 he said ',e:>re no ,eatua1' x is ! h\se ( ,god4 ,he c\ld1 h[ev]1 give no acc\nt ( its signification or use4 ,at p4 #aaa1 ,saw 7at ,uliatea7 sev]al ,e:>re-no-,eatua or h\ses ( ,god1 to :i* c>riage poles 7 atta*$ z at ,huahie9e4444 ,f !nce we w5t to a long h\se n f> di/ant1 :]e among rolls ( clo? & sev]al o!r ?+s we saw ! model ( a canoe1 ab\t ?ree feet long1 to :i* 7 ti$ eight human jawbones eight ! numb] sav$ 9 ! ark4 ,comp>e p4 #aig ) ,kabiri4 ,comp>e ) ,ogilby 7,japan1 #agg71 :]e ! god ,canon 7,canaan7 is repres5t$ ) sev5 heads on 8 brea/1 eight ) himself1 he hav+ be5 sub/itut$ = ,noah z ! head ( ! race4 ,capta9 ,cook adds1 h[ev]1 ,we _h already le>nt t ^!1 l scalps among ! ,indians ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 7 trophies ( w>1 & sugge/s t ! canoe may be a symbol ( invasion4 ,t ,i mu/ leave to ! read] to decide1 b ! heads might be trophies ( conque/1 & at ! same "t memorial heads1--! memorial heads hav+ necess>ily be5 replac$ _m times s9ce ! cu/om 0 fir/ in/itut$4#bcj #bcj ,capta9 ,cook1 speak+ ( _! dances 7p4 #aae71 says1 ,betwe5 ! dances ( ! wom5 ! m5 p]=m$ a k9d ( dramatic int]lude1 9 :i* !re 0 dialogue z well z danc+2 b we 7 n suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) _! language to und]/& ! subject4 ,"s g5tlem5 saw a mu* m regul> ent]ta9m5t ( ! dramatic k9d1 :i* 0 divid$ into f\r acts4 ,vide ,abbe ,ga9et1 ,la ,bible sans la ,bible1 i4 #bac1 quotes l',abbe ,dom5e*1 :o speaks ( ! dance ( ! ,deluge among _m nations ( ! nor? & we/ ( ,am]ica4 ,ga9et also says t !re 7 two di/9ct traditions ( ! ,deluge 9 ! ea/ & we/ gr\ps ( ! ,society ,isl&s 7,otaheite74 ,l',abbe ,ga9et 7i4 #baa7 gives an acc\nt ( ! ,m&ans f ,c]emones ,religieuses1 i4 #g1 :i* x w be int]e/+ to comp>e ) ,catl91 z x 0 writt5 a c5tury previ\s to 8 visit4 ,! ,m&ans pret5d t ! ,deluge 0 =m]ly rais$ up aga9/ !m by ! :ite m5 to de/roy _! ance/ors4444 ,!n ! fir/ man1 :om !y reg>d z "o ( _! div9ities1 inspir$ mank9d ) ! idea ( con/ruct+ ^u an em95ce a t[n & =tress 9 wood1 & promis$ !m t ! wat] %\ld n pass t po9t4 ,!y foll[$ 8 advice & con/ruct$ ! ark on ! banks ( ! ,he>t riv]4 ,x 0 ( a v l>ge size1 s t a "p ( _! nation f\nd safety !re :il/ ! re/ p]i%$4 ,9 memory ( ?is memorable ev5t !y place 9 ea* ( _! villages a small model ( ?is edifice :i* may acc\nt = ! erect position ( '! big canoe'1 ?is model /ill exi/s4 ,! wat]s abat$ aft] t1 & to ?is day !y celebrate1 9 memory ( ?is ark1 ! fte ( ! ',okippe1' :i* la/s f\r days4 ,?is leads me to ! f9al "q1 ,:5 0 ?is cu/om in/itut$8 ,up to ?is ,i h n consid]$ :e!r ! cu/om 0 good or bad1 demoniac or only corrupt$2 & z to ! "t ( its in/itution ,i h m]ely assum$ f ! fact ( its univ]sality t x 0 primeval4 ,be=e express+ my op9ion1 ,i mu/ =tify myself ) an extract f ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,smi?'s v able "w on ! ,p5tateu*4#bca #bca ,longmans1 #ahfh1 i4 #bij4 ,/range1 too1 ?\gh x may appe>1 !re is mu* 9 ! outw>d c]emonial ( ! ,levitical wor%ip t indicates an ,egyptian type4 ,! fact ne$ />tle no "o4 ,= x is d]ogatory nei!r to ! hol9ess ( ! ,almighty nor to ! inspiration ( 8 delegate1 t ,moses %\ld h borr[$ f o!rs rites :i* 7 good 9 !mselves1 & :i* became idolatr\s only !n1 :5 employ$ 9 ! wor%ip ( false gods4 ,! mo/ ( ext]nal =ms are 9 !mselves indiff]5t & receive _! det]m9ate value f ! feel+ t prompts !m1 & ! object to :i* !y are direct$3 :5 giv5 to ,god !y are div9e wor%ip--:5 giv5 to idols1 !y are idolatry4 ,nor is inspiration jeop>dis$ because ! mat]ial details may h come f a human s\rce4 ,c>e & /udy & obs]vation are n disp5s$ ) 9 ! m9d t receives ! div9e communications2 & ,moses 0 in/ruct$ 9 all ! wisdom & le>n+ ( ! ,egyptians = ! v purpose ( enabl+ him to use x to ! be/ advantage 444 z ! ,*ur* consecrat$ to a high] purpose ! temples & ! rites & fe/ivals f\nd among ! pagan populations at _! conv]sion4 ,we ne$ n !n be sc&alis$ if we f9d ! ark ( ,jehovah to be ! c\nt]p>t ( ! %r9e ( ,amun4 ,! resemblance /rikes u at once on a glance at ! woodcut tok5 f ,lepsius' ,d5kml]1 ,ab4 iii41 ,bl4 #aji4 ,let ! read] ref] to ! engrav+s 9 ,rev4 ,w4 ,smi?'s ,p5tateu*1 #bia1 #bib4 ,dr ,smi? does n discuss ! po9t fur!r1 only he says 7p4 #bid71 ,9 ,egypt x is ! canopi$ boat 9 :i* ! ,deity is /e]$ on ! heav5ly ocean2 9 ,israel x is ! cov]$ *e/1 ! =m be/ adapt$ = hold+ ! /one tables ( ! law4 ,b if ! canopi$ boat %\ld h correspond$ among ! ,egyptians to ! big canoe among ! ,m&ans1 & ! o!r simil> memorials we h come ^u1 :at m appropriate symbol c\ld ,moses h incorporat$8 ,0 n ! ark ( ! cov5ant1 9 :i* ! law 0 pres]v$ 9 ! widespread inundation ( corruption1 ! c\nt]p>t ( ! ark 9 :i* mank9d1 9 ! p]sons ( ,noah & 8 family1 7 sav$8 & 9 c>ry+ on & embody+ ! tradition1 we may see a motive :y !re may h be5 an int5tional alt]ation ( ! symbol--viz4 9 ord] to wean 8 p f ! corruption into :i* ! :ole ,egyptian c]emonial _h sunk8#bcb ,& :y %\ld x n h be5 s8 ,is !re n a probability & fitness 9 ! conjecture ( "s su* commemorative sacrifices & memorials among mank9d :5 !y liv$ toge!r be=e ! disp]sion 9 ! times imm$iately foll[+ ! ,deluge8 #bcb ,c>d9al ,wiseman 9 8 lett]s to ,john ,poynd]1 ,esq4 7,essays on ,v>i\s ,subjects1 i4 #beg71 says1 ,dr ,sp5c]1 a le>n$ div9e ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 publi%$ two folio volumes replete ) extraord9>y erudition1 entitl$ ',de ,legibus ,hebrorum ritualibus et eorum ratione1' :i* has gone ?r\gh _m editions bo? "h & on ! ,cont95t4 ,n[1 ! entire drift & purport ( ?is "w is manife/ly tw(old--fir/1 to prove t ! great design ( ,god1 9 giv+ rites & c]emonies to ! ,jews1 0 to prev5t _! fall+ into idolatry2 secondly1 to demon/rate t almo/ e practice1 rite1 c]emony1 & act s giv5 0 directly borr[$ f ! ,egyptian hea!ns2 444 t :e!r we speak ( ! m solemn & especial injunctions1 or ( ! m9ute/ details ( ! c]emonial law1 ( circumcision & ( sacrifice 9 all its v>ieties1 & ) all its di/9ctive c]emonies ( purification & lu/rations & new moons2 ( ! ark ( ! cov5ant & ! *]ubim2 ( ! temple & its oracles2 ( ! ,urim & ,?ummim1 & ! emiss>y goat2 ( !m all ,sp5c] has endeav\r$ to prove1 & t to ! satisfaction ( _m le>n$ m51 t !y pre-exi/$ among ! ,egyptians & o!r neighb\r+ nations4 ,i h n met ) ,dr ,sp5c]'s "w4 ,i may m5tion1 h[ev]1 ! pomegranates 9 ! ,levitical robe z an in/ance4 ,vide ref]5ces 9 ?is *apt] & app5dix4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,! ,,pongol ,,fe/ival4 ,! ,pongol ,fe/ival 9 ,s\!rn ,india1 by ,*>les ,e4 ,govat4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 new s]ies1 vol4 v41 "p i4 7#ahgj47 ,i _h se5 ! ,pongol1 ! t\*+ dome/ic fe/ival x is n[ my *ief object to describe4 ,x _h prov$ by its simple pa?os t ! ,h9dus 7 ak9 to ! noble/ nations ( ! _w1 & t 9 _! antiquity !y 7 wor?y ( ! hon\r t has come to !m ( be+ ! be/ & ! lea/ alt]$ repres5tatives ( ! ',juv5tus ,mundi1' :i* all nations c\nt to h be5 ! gold5 age4 ,he contra/s x ) ! wor%ip 9 ! great temple at ,sir+ham ne> ,tri*9opoly1 9 :i* !re 0 ample ju/ification = e epi!t employ$ by ,w>d1 ,dubois1 or ,wilb]=ce4 ,yet ! ,pongol decl>$ ) equal =ce 9 fav\r ( dome/ic love & *a/ity1 ( simple ?anksgiv+ & rural cont5tm5t4444 ,!re is mu* reason to suppose t ! ,pongol is "o ( ! mo/ complete & int]e/+ ( ^! remnants ( primitive life4 ,t x is primitive is %[n by ! fact t ! old ,v$ic deities are alone wor%ipp$4 ,indra is ! presid+ deity4 ,agni is ! ma9 object ( wor%ip4 ,a fur!r pro( ( ?is po9t is giv5 by ! ef=ts t h con/antly be5 made by ! ,brahmans to corrupt ! ritual1 & introduce ,pauranic deities4 ,kri%na is always decl>$ by ! ,brahmans to be ! ,pongol god1 b ! tradition itself be>s witness t ! fea/ is old] ?an ! god4 ,! tale is t :5 ! great wave ( ,kri%na wor%ip pass$ ov] ! ,p59sula1 ! p 7 s enam\r$ ( him t !y ceas$ to p]=m ! ,pongol rites to ,indra4 ,?is made ! latt] deity s angry t he p\r$ d[n a flood ^u ! e>?4 ,! affright$ p ran to ,kri%na1 :o seiz$ ! great m\nta9 ,gov>dhanas1 wr5*$ x f its place1 & held x al(t on ! tip ( 8 little f+]1 l "s huge umbrella4 ,! p !n ran b5ea? ) _! flocks & 7 sav$4444 ,! occasion ( ! fe/ival is also primitive1 = ! ,pongol is ano!r fea/ ( +a!r+1 ! c5tre ( ,hebrew fe/ivals1 z ?is is ( ^? ( ,s\!rn ,india4444 ,! ,pongol is rem>kable1 z w be se51 = ! /range comb9ation ( pa/oral1 hunt+1 & agricultural life4 ,!re are 'h>ve/ homes' 9 almo/ e nation1 b ,i d n "k ( any o!r example ( ! comb9ation4 ,! great days ( ! fea/ are two--"o ( ^! devot$ to ! new crops1 ! o!r to ! cattle alone 444 :ile ! fea/ w9ds up ) a gr& hunt1 fir/ ( ! cattle !mselves & next ( a h>e4 ,comp>e *4 vii42 comp>e ,patagonian4 ,long be=e ! comm5cem5t ( ! fea/ an unwont$ activity p]vades native society4 ,! ,pongol is ! social fe/ival ( ! ye>1 & mu/ be celebrat$ ) due hon\r1 else an ineffaceable /a9 w re/ on ! family "n4 ,x is ! ,*ri/mas & ,:itsuntide ( ,engl& made into "o4444 ,s soon z ! ra9s h f9i%$1 & ?is may be expect$ by ab\t ! fir/ week 9 ,decemb]1 ! c>p5t]1 ! build]1 & ! arti/s are 9 full "w repair+ ! h\ses4444 ,! sides ( ! road 9 ! baza> are heap$ ) '*atties' ( all sizes & %apes4 ,pres5ts are b\ght = *ildr54 ,di/ant relatives h no fields ( _! own f :i* to get _! rice1 s a sack ( ! new gra9 f ! ance/ral acres goes (f to ea*4 ,to ?is is add$ a pot ( ghee1 a set ( brass pots1 or p]haps a jewel2 t ! ,pongol may n lack :]e) to make x joyful4 ,cr$itors & debtors are (t5 br\ght !n to a compromise1 or ! process is po/pon$ till aft] ,pongol4 ,all mu/ be ready by ! e>ly "p ( ,janu>y1 :51 accord+ to ! ,h9du a/rolog]s1 ! sun ent]s ! tropic ( ,capricorn4 ,! fea/ hangs ^u ?is1 & x w be se5 t ! mo/ int]e/+ ev5t ( ! celebration mu/ exactly co9cide ) ! passage ( ! sun4 ,! fe/ival comm5ces on ! previ\s day1 & la/s = sev5 days1 ( :i* ! second m>ks ! sun's passage1 & is call$ ,mah 7or great7 ,pongol1 444 ! next day is ,bhgi ,pongol1 or ,pongol ( rejoic+1 equally well kn[n by ! "n ( ,indra1 444 bonfires & tor*es are illum9at$ 7comp>e ,b\lang]1 lib4 i4 *4 ii47 ,! fea/ is n[ begun1 & all turn f ! fire1 z x is ext+ui%$ by ! ris+ sun1 to ! ba?1 ) :i* e religi\s rite mu/ comm5ce4 ,no image is us$ dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( ! celebration1 except t ( ,ganesa4444 ,indra is repres5t$ on ord9>y occasions z a :ite man sitt+ on an elephant4 ,9 8 left h& is a b[ 7comp>e *4 xv471 & 9 8 "r a ?und]bolt1 :ile 8 body is /udd$ ) a ?\s& eyes4 ,qu]y1 a ref]5ce to ! peacock8 ,comp>e *4 xv4 ,agni has also 8 special image1 t ( a /\t man1 r$ & hairy z ,esau1 rid+ on a goat comp>e ,bac*us1 p4 #bad4 ,srya is also a r$ man1 sitt+ on a wat] lily4 ,he has f\r arms & ?ree eyes4 ,b none ( ^! 7deities7 are kn[n at ,pongol any m ?an !y 7 at ! "t :5 ! hymns ( ! ,rig ,v$a 7 compos$4444 ,! gifts are laid out on trays1--a vase ( sug>1 or p]haps an idol1 peacock or elephant1 r\nd :i* w be gr\p$ small] works 9 sug> = ! *ildr54444 ,"o ?+ may n be =gott51 t is a lime comp>e 'g\rd1' p4 #bef4 ,?is mu/ be z l>ge z money c buy1 & !n be c>efully encas$ 9 gold leaf till x looks l "o ( ! gold5 apples ( antiquity4 ,! next day is ,mah 7or great7 ,pongol4 ,x is (t5 call$ ,srya ,pongol4 ,at noon ! sun w cross ! equator1 & br+ ! culm9at+ glory ( ! fea/4 ,s great a day mu/ comm5ce ) appropriate c]emonial1 & 9 ?is in/ance x is ba?+4 ,9 c\ntry places ! wom5 run e>ly 9 ! morn+ to ! ne>e/ tank & plunge bodily 9 )\t undress+4 ,?is is allud$ to by ,mr ,gov] z an innovation s uncom=table & possibly dang]\s2 b no evid5ce is adduc$ ( its be+ an innovation1 & its be+ ! cu/om ( ! c\ntry p>ts w\ld incl9e u to ! contr>y belief4 ,! m5 also ba! v c>efully1 z if ! occasion 7 v solemn4 ,ref]5ce is made to ! ,rig ,v$a1 i4 #bc1 #ae-bd 7,wilson1 i4 #eg72 b 9 ^! v]ses occur ! words1 wat]s take away :atev] s9 has be5 f\nd 9 me4 ,dripp+ wet1 ! wom5 proce$1 )\t *ang+ _! clo!s1 to prep>e ! fea/1 444 new *atties1 or e>!n vessels _h be5 pur*as$ = ! occasion2 "o ( !m is n[ tak5 & is fill$ ) rice1 milk1 sug>1 dholghee or cl>ifi$ butt]1 gra91 & o!r sub/ances1 calculat$ to produce a ta/y di%4444 ,! +a!r+ mu/ be celebrat$ ) ?+s t h j be5 g>n]$4 ,usually ,h9doos w n eat new rice1 z x is indige/ible 7ref] to ,leviticus xxiii4 #aj-ad74 ,ano!r incid5t is t--,! head ( ! h\se approa*es ! image 7( ,ganesa71 & p]=ms pja4 ,!n foll[s a procession ( ! "y m>ri$ c\ples to propitiate _! mo!rs-9-law4444 ,s a pres5t1 ! be/ ! h\se c provide1 is c>efully put toge!r on a tray4 ,x may be fruit1 or brass pots1 or ghee1 or :atev] else may be ?\ght mo/ acceptable4 ,!n a small procession is =m$4 ,9 front g ?ree or f\r m51 beat+ on tom-toms & bl[+ pipes4 ,!n foll[s ! gift1 held al(t4 ,ov] x1 if ! family be respectable1 is held an umbrella1 c>ri$ by a s]vant :o walks beh9d ! be>] ( ! gift4444 ,! ne>e/ relative /eps =w>d & asks t ! daught] & h] husb& may come to ! 'boil+1' to fill up ! family circle4 ,!n foll[s ! boil+ ( ! pot2 'z ! milk boils1 s w ! com+ ye> be4' ,! ,pongol is "o long s]ies ( visits1 ent]ta9m5ts1 & social joys4 7,comp4 ,m&an ,fe/ival1 supra47 ,! ?ird day ( ! fea/ is ,mttu ,pongol1 or ! ,pongol ( ! cattle4 ,x comm5ces ) a g5]al wa%4 ,!y betake !mselves to ! ne>e/ sacr$ tank1 driv+ or dragg+ ) !m ! :ole bov9e possessions ( ! village4 ,!y are !n driv5 home1 & adornm5t comm5ces2 ! horns are c>efully pa9t$ r$1 blue1 gre51 or yell[1--if ! own] be ri*1 gold leaf is employ$1--heavy g>l&s ( fl[]s plac$ on ! horns4 ,mean:ile ! wom5 h prep>$ ano!r new *atty1 fill+ x ) wat]1 /eep+ )9 saffron1 cotton se$s1 & mangora leaves4 ,! ma/] ( ! c]emonial1 usually ! head ( ! h\se1 comes = x1 & places himself at ! head ( a procession ( all ! m5--! wom5 may n see ! rite we n[ describe4 ,9 solemn sil5ce !y m>* r\nd ea* animal f\r times1 :ile ! fir/ man spr9kles ! bitt] wat] ^u x & ! gr\nd z (t5 z !y pass ! f\r c>d9al po9ts ( ! compass4444 ,?is done1 ! wom5 & *ildr5 are aga9 admitt$4 ,! pati5t cattle are l$ out "o by "o to receive _! f9al adornm5t4444 ,!n1 at a giv5 signal1 e rope is unti$1 e tom-tom1 pipe1 & guit> is bang$ or bl[n to ! extreme ( its endurance1 & 9 an in/ant ! h]d1 hi!rto s pati5t1 is c>e]+ d[n ! /reet 9 an extremity ( t]ror4444 ,any "o may possess himself ( :atev] is c>ri$ by ! cattle4 ,no little skill & a va/ am\nt ( c\rage are %[n by ! 'timid' ,h9doos 9 ?is dang]\s & excit+ pell-mell4 ,! next day is ,kan5 ,pongol1 or ,pongol ( ! calves4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ?is day we f9d ! only tok5 ( corruption 9 ! c]emonial4 444 ,!n foll[s a dance1 j z is describ$ by ,catl9 z clos+ ! ,m&an c]emonial1 9 :i* v simil> sc5es occur4 ,be=e adv]t+ to ! po9ts ( contra/ betwe5 ! ,pongol & ! ,m&an & ,dahoman c]emonies1 ,i w give an extract f a book rec5tly publi%$1 giv+ an acc\nt ( a c\ntry hi!rto unexplor$--viz4 ,nor!rn ,patagonia4 ,traces ,i ?9k w be recognis$ ( ! same primitive cu/om1 ?\gh ) evid5ces ( corruption4 ,?ree ,ye>s ,slav]y among ! ,patagonians1 by ,gu9n>d 7,b5tley1 #ahga71 p4 #bfi4bcc #bcc ,mu* d\bt has be5 express$ z to ! v]acity ( ,m4 ,gu9n>d's n>rative1 b ! sc5es & cu/oms ref]r$ to are n likely to h be5 inv5t$2 & on ! supposition ( a fictiti\s n>rative 7al?\gh ,i see no?+ incr$ible7 !y w probably h be5 import$ f true n>ratives ( o!r tribes4 ,9 ei!r case !y supply additional evid5ce4 ,at c]ta9 p]iods ( ! ye> ! ,indians keep religi\s fe/ivals4 ,! fir/ takes place 9 ! summ]1 & is consecrat$ to ,vita-ounetr\ 7! god ( goodness7 = ! purpose ( ?ank+ him = all 8 pa/ fav\rs1 & ( begg+ him to cont9ue !m 9 ! future4 ,x is g5]ally ! gr& cacique :o fixes ! date & duration ( ! fe/ival4444 ,! prep>ations are made ) all ! religi\s pomp ( :i* !y are capable2 ! ,indians grease _! hair & pa9t _! faces ) great] c>e ?an usual4444 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! c]emony ! wom5 move _! t5ts provisionally to ! c5tre ( ! spot *os5 by ! cacique4 ,! m5 d n arrive until ^! prep>ations are f9i%$1 !y ride ?ree times r\nd ! place at full gallop1 %\t+ _! w> cry & %ak+ _! lances4 ,!n1 _! rides end$1 !y range !mselves 9 s+le file1 & tilt _! lances ) su* p]fect regul>ity z to make x a /rik+ sight4 ,! wom5 aft]w>ds take ! places ( _! husb&s 7comp>e ,catl91 sup41 p4 #bfj71 :o1 aft] dism\nt+ & ty+ up _! horses1 =m a second rank beh9d !m4 ,! dance !n comm5ces )\t *ange ( place1 except f "r to left4 ,! wom5 s+ 9 a pla9tive tone laught] be+ expressly =bidd5 dur+ ! :ole cont9uance ( ! c]emonies1 accompany+ !mselves by /rik+ a wood5 drum4 ,comp>e ,catl91 sup41 #beg4 ,x is also said 7,gu9n>d1 p4 #aih71 ,! drum is compos$ ( a sort ( wood5 b[l1 m or less l>ge1 ov] :i* a wild-cat sk9 is /ret*$1 or a piece ( ! paun* ( a horse4 ,?is in/rum5t 444 is mu* us$ by !m1 especially 9 _! religi\s fe/ivals & "* dances4 ,! drum is decorat$ ) col\rs & designs simil> to ^? on _! faces4 ,! m5 pir\ette1 limp+ ^u ! opposite leg to t ( ! wom54 ,comp>e ,catl91 #bed1 #bfj4 ,at a signal giv5 by ! cacique presid+ ov] ! fe/ival1 cries ( al>m are rais$1 ! m5 spr+ into _! saddles1 abruptly int]rupt+ ! dance to take "p 9 a fanta/ic cavalcade r\nd ! site ( ! fe/ival1 all wav+ _! weapons1 & rais+ ! s9i/] cry !y utt] 9 _! pillages4 ,9 ! int]vals ( ^! excit+ div]sions ev]ybody goes visit+ 9 ! hope ( ta/+ a little rott$ milk kept 9 a horse-hide4 ,comp>e ,pongol ,fe/ival1 p4 #bhj4 ,at a v e>ly h\r on ! f\r? day1 to close ! c]emony1 a "y horse1 an ox1 & two %eep1 giv5 by ! ri*e/ m5 among/ !m1 are sacrific$ to _! god4 ,! head turn$ t[>ds ! ea/1 & ! he>t /ill palpitat+ is hung ^u a lance & incl9$ t[>ds ! ris+ sun4 ,! second fe/ival takes place 9 ! autumn2 x is celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( ,h\ac\v\ 7director ( ! evil spirits74 ,! object ( x is to conjure him to pres]ve !m f all en*antm5t4 ,z 9 ! fir/ fe/ival1 ! ,indians dress !mselves 9 _! be/1 & assemble by tribes only1 head$ by _! cacique4 ,an assemblage ( all ! cattle takes place en masse4 ,! m5 =m a d\ble circle ar\nd1 gallop+ unceas+ly 9 opposite directions1 s t none ( ^! unruly animals may escape4 ,!y invoke ,h\ac\v\ al\d1 ?r[+ d[n1 drop by drop1 f]m5t$ milk out ( bull's horns1 h&$ to !m by _! wives1 :ile !y are rid+ r\nd ! cattle4 ,aft] repeat+ ?is c]emony ?ree or f\r times1 !y spr9kle ! horses & ox5 ) :atev] rema9s ( ! milk1 ) ! view1 !y say1 ( pres]v+ !m f all maladies2 ?is done1 ea* man sep>ates 8 own cattle1 & drives x to "s di/ance1 !n returns = ! purpose ( assembl+ r\nd ! cacique1 :o1 9 a long & f]vid address1 advises !m nev] to =get ,h\ac\v\ 9 _! pray]s1 & to lose no "t 9 prep>+ !mselves to please him1 by c>ry+ desolation among/ ! ,*ri/ians1 & increas+ ! numb] ( _! own flocks & h]ds4 ,?is fe/ival1 !re=e1 9 its orig9al conception w\ld n appe> to be a wor%ip ( ! evil _s1 b ( him :o curbs him2 ! same idea ( ! subord9ation ( ! evil _s w be se5 9 ,catl9's acc\nt ( ! ,m&ans4 ,!re is no?+ c]ta9ly 9 ?is acc\nt :i* directly connects ^! ,patagonian c]emonies ) ! diluvian commemorations1 unless1 p]haps1 ! sacr$ drum2 b !re is mu* 9 common ) ! ,pongol & ! ,m&an :i* we h se5 to h be5 commemorative4 ,! prom95ce ( sun wor%ip w n h escap$ obs]vation2 b ?is discov]y _c militate aga9/ my position1 = ,i h already %[n 7p4 #afj7 t su* admixture 0 probable1 & also indicat$ h[ x 0 likely to h come ab\t4 ,any ho/ile argum5t :i* w\ld seek to deprive ^? c]emonies ( _! significance mu/ be direct$ to ! extrusion ( ! diluvian symbols4 ,fur!r trace ( ^! diluvian c]emonies might be trac$ 9 ! ,buddhi/ sy/ems2 b x w\ld op5 out too l>ge a "q = discussion "h4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,sir ,,john ,,lubbock ,,on ,,tradition4 ,,de ,,mai/re',s ,,view4#bcd ,we h little k ( ! times :i* prec$$ ! ,deluge4444 ,a s+le consid]ation int]e/s u1 & x mu/ nev] be lo/ sight (1 & t is1 t *a/isem5ts are ev] proportion$ to crimes1 & crimes always proportion$ to ! k ( ! crim9al2 9 su* sort t ! ,deluge supposes unhe>d-( crimes1 & t ^! crimes suppose a k inf9itely transc5d+ t :i* we possess4444 ,?is k1 fre$ f ! evil :i* _h r5d]$ x s noxi\s1 surviv$ 9 ! fir/ family ! de/ruction ( ! human race4 ,we are bl9d$ z to ! nature & advance ( sci5ce by a gross sophism :i* has fasc9at$ e eye2 x is to judge ( times :5 m5 saw effects 9 _! causes by ^? 9 :i* m5 pa9fully asc5d f effects to causes1 9 :i* !y are only conc]n$ ) effects1 9 :i* !y say x is useless to occupy !mselves ) causes1 & 9 :i* !y d n "k :at con/itutes a cause4 ,!y nev] cease repeat+--',?9k ( ! "t t has be5 requir$ to "k su* & su* a ?+4' ,:at inconceivable bl9dness6 ,a mom5t only 0 requir$4 ,if man w\ld "k ! cause ( a s+le ph5om5on ( nature1 he w\ld probably compreh5d all ! re/4 ,we are unwill+ to see t tru?s1 ! mo/ difficult to discov]1 are v easy to und]/&4444 ',^! ?+s1' z ,plato says1 'are p]fectly & easily le>n$ if any "o tea*es !m1 ,greek3 ei didaskoi tis2 b1' he adds1 'no "o w tea* !m u1 unless1 inde$1 ,god %[s him ! road1 ,greek3 all oud an didaxei5 ei m ,!os yphgoito4' ',i d\bt n1' said ,hippocrates1 't ! arts 7 9 ! fir/ in/ance fav\rs 7,greek3 !n *>itas7 grant$ to m5 by ! gods4'444 ,li/5 to sage antiquity 9 its acc\nt ( ! fir/ m53 x w tell y t !y 7 m>vell\s m51 & t be+s ( a sup]ior ord] deign$ to fav\r !m ) ! mo/ preci\s communications4 ,on ?is po9t !re is no disagreem5t1 444 reason1 revelation1 all human tradition make up a demon/ration :i* ! m\? only c contradict4 ,n only1 !n1 did mank9d comm5ce ) sci5ce1 b ) a sci5ce diff]5t f ours1 & sup]ior to ours4444 ,no "o kn[s to :at epo* rem\nts1 ,i d n say ! e>ly comm5cem5ts ( society1 b ! great in/itutions1 ! pr(\nd k1 & ! mo/ magnific5t monum5ts ( human indu/ry & human p[]4444 ,asia1 hav+ be5 ! !atre ( ! greate/ m>vels1 x is n a/oni%+ t its p %\ld h pres]v$ a lean+ to ! m>vell\s /rong] ?an :at is natural to man 9 g5]al1 & ?an ea* "o recognises 9 himself individually4 ,h5ce x comes t !y h always %[n s little ta/e & tal5t = our sci5ce ( conclusions4 ,"o w\ld say r t !y recall$ some?+ ( primitive sci5ce & ( ! era ( intuition4 ,w\ld ! en*a9$ eagle ask = a balloon to raise himself into ! air8 ,no1 he w\ld dem& only t 8 fett]s %\ld be brok54 ,& :o kn[s if ^! p are n de/9$ yet to contemplate sights :i* w be refus$ to ! cavill+ g5ius ( ,europe8 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 obs]ve1 ,i pray y1 t x is impossible to ?9k ( mod]n art )\t see+ x con/antly environ$ ) all ! contrivances ( ! intellect & all ! me?ods ( art4444 ,on ! contr>y4 ,s f> z x is possible to discov] ! sci5ce ( primitive times at su* an enorm\s di/ance1 we see x always free & isolat$1 fly+ r ?an m>*+1 & pres5t+ 9 all its *>act]i/ics some?+ ( ! rial & sup]natural4#bce444 ,b !n comes ! coroll>y4444 ,if all m5 desc5d f ! ?ree c\ples :o repeopl$ ! univ]se1 & if ! human race comm5c$ ) k1 ! savage _c be m1 z ,i h said to y1 ?an a bran* deta*$ f ! social tree4444 ,n[1 :at matt] does x make at :at epo* su* & su* a bran* 0 sep>at$ f ! tree8 ,x suffices t x is deta*$3 no d\bt z to its degradation2 & ,i v5ture to say no d\bt z to ! cause ( degradation1 :i* c only h be5 "s crime4 ,a *ief ( a nation hav+ alt]$ ! pr9ciple ( morality 9 8 h\sehold by "o ( ^? prev>ications :i*1 s f> z we c judge1 are no long] possible 9 ! actual /ate ( ?+s1 because happily our k is no long] su* z to all[ u to become culpable 9 ?is degree2 ?is *ief ( a nation1 ,i say1 transmits ! curse to 8 po/]ity2 & e con/ant =ce be+ accel]at+ 9 its nature1 ?is degradation1 weigh+ incessantly ^u 8 desc5dants1 has end$ 9 mak+ !m :at we call savages4 ,two causes extremely diff]5t h ?r[n a deceptive cl\d ov] ! lam5table /ate ( savages3 ! "o ( anci5t date1 ! o!r belong+ to our c5tury4444 ,"o _c = an in/ant reg>d ! savage )\t read+ ! curse writt51 ,i d n say only 9 8 s\l1 b ev5 9 ! ext]ior =m ( 8 body4 ,he is an infant1 robu/1 yet de=m$ & f]oci\s1 9 :om ! flame ( intellig5ce no long] ?r[s m ?an a lurid & int]mitt5t gl>e4444 ,i _c ab&on ?is subject )\t sugge/+ an important obs]vation3 ,! b>b>ian :o is int]m$iate betwe5 ! civilis$ man & ! savage1 has be5 & may be aga9 civilis$ by "s sort ( religion2 b ! savage1 prop]ly s call$1 has nev] be5 s except by ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is a prodigy ( ! fir/ ord]1 a species ( r$emption1 exclusively res]v$ to ! true prie/hood4#bcf444 ,= ! re/1 we mu/ n conf\nd ! savage ) ! b>b>ian4 #bcd ,i ne$ n rem9d my read] t ^! speculations ( ,de ,mai/re anticipat$ by _m ye>s ! analog\s1 ?\gh at ! same "t indep5d5t1 conclusions ( ,ar*bi%op ,:ately1 9 8 lecture ,on ! ,orig9 ( ,civilisation1 publi%$ 9 #ahed4 #bce ,we ought !n to recognise t ! /ate ( civilisation & ( sci5ce is1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 ! natural & primitive /ate ( man4 ,?us1 all ori5tal traditions comm5c$ ) a /ate ( p]fection & light1 &1 ,i repeat x1 ( sup]natural light2 & ,greece--ly+ ,greece1 :i* 'has d>$ ev]y?+ 9 hi/ory'--r5d]s homage to ?is tru?1 9 plac+ its ,gold5 ,age at ! beg9n+ ( ?+s4 ,x is no less rem>kable t x does n attribute to ! foll[+ ages1 ev5 to ! iron age1 ! /ate ( savag]y1 s t all t x has told u ( ^? primitive m5 liv+ on acorns1 c41 puts x 9 contradiction ) itself1 & c only h ref]5ce to p>ticul> cases1 i4e4 to "s races degrad$1 & !n reclaim$ to a /ate ( nature1 :i* is a /ate ( civilisation4--,de ,mai/re's ,soires de ,/ ,pet]sb\rg i4 ,deux3 ,entreti51 p4 #ih4 #bcf ,i consid] t ?is rem>k has be5 fully sub/antiat$ 9 ,m>%all's ,*ri/ian ,missions4 ,no language c\ld possibly h be5 inv5t$1 ei!r by a s+le man1 :o c\ld n h extort$ ob$i5ce1 or by _m :o w\ld n h made !mselves und]/ood to ea* o!r4444 ,b ,i w\ld wi%1 be=e conclud+ ?is subject1 to recomm5d to y\r notice an obs]vation :i* has always /ruck me4 ,:5ce comes x t 9 ! primitive language ( e anci5t p1 we f9d words :i* necess>ily suppose a k =eign to ^! p8 ,:5ce1 = in/ance1 h ! ,greeks1 ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago at lea/1 f\nd ! epi!t 'physizoos' 7giv+ or possess+ life71 :i* ,hom] sometimes gives to ! e>?84444 ,:]e h !y tak5 ! /ill m s+ul> epi!t ( 'philomate' 7lik+ or ?ir/+ = blood71 giv5 to ?is same e>? 9 a trag$y8 7,euripides1 ,pho54 v4 #agi74 s*ylus _h allud$ be=e 'to ! e>? dr9k+ ! blood ( ! two rival bro!rs1 ! "o sla9 by ! o!r4'#bcg ,humboldt 7',monum4 des ,peuples ,indignes de l',am]ique1' ,p>is1 #ahaf7 has said3 ',_m idioms :i* at pres5t belong only to b>b>\s nations seem to be ! rema9s ( ri* & flexible languages1 :i* indicate a high culture4444 ,b tell me1 ,i pray y1 h[ x ent]$ ! heads ( ! anci5t ,lat9s1 at a "t :5 !y 7 only acqua9t$ ) ! arts ( w> & ( tillage1 to express by ! same ^w ! idea ( pray] & ( puni%m5t8 ,:o taught !m to call fev] ! purifi]1 or ! expiator8'#bch ,w\ld n "o say t !re 0 "h a judgm5t1 a v]itable k ( ! cause1 by virtue ( :i* ! p affirm$ ! "n s ju/ly8 ,b d y believe t ^! sorts ( judgm5ts c\ld possibly h belong$ to a "t :5 !y sc>cely knew h[ to write1 :5 ! ,dictator dug 8 g>d51 & 9 :i* !y compos$ v]ses :i* ,v>ro & ,cic]o no long] und]/ood8444 ,! ,greeks _h pres]v$ "s obscure traditions 9 ?is reg>d--,mr ,glad/one has %[n !m to be nei!r few nor obscure1--& :o kn[s if ,hom] does n atte/ ! same tru?1 p]haps )\t kn[+ x1 :5 he speaks ( c]ta9 m5 & c]ta9 ?+s ':i* ! gods call$ aft] "o mann]1 & m5 aft] ano!r8'--,c\nt ,joseph de ,mai/re1 ,soires de ,/ ,pet]sb\rg1 i4 ,deux3 ,entreti54#bci #bcg ,comp>e ) ,ga9et1 i4 #ib1 #ic4 #bch ,n[ x is cle> t ! tra9 ( ?\ght :i* leads f purification to p5ance1 or f purification to puni%m5t1 reveals a moral & ev5 a religi\s s5tim5t 9 ! conception & nam+ ( po5a1 & x %[s u t 9 ! v infancy ( crim9al ju/ice puni%m5t 0 look$ ^u 7,mr ,max ,mll] is speak+ ) ref]5ce to :at ,i may call briefly ! ,sanscrit epo*7 n simply a retribution or rev5ge1 b z a correction1 z a removal ( guilt4 ,we d n feel ! pres5ce ( ^! e>ly ?\ghts :5 we speak ( corporal puni%m5t or ca/igation2 yet ca/igation too 0 orig9ally *a/5+1 f 'ca/us1' pure2 & 'ince/um' 0 impurity or s91 :i*1 accord+ to ,roman law1 ! prie/s _h to make good1 or to puni% by a 'supplicium1' or supplication or pro/ration be=e ! gods4 #bci ,comp>e ) ,max ,mll]1 ,*ips1 ii4 #bef4 ,aga9/ ?is view ( ,de ,mai/re1 :i* ,i consid] to be indirectly su/a9$ by ! te/imony ( all antiquity1 /&s ! !ory ( ,sir ,john ,lubbock4 ,!re is ! con/ant hi/orical tradition & te/imony ( ! human race on "o side1 & !re is ! hi/ory ( ,pre-hi/oric ,times on ! o!r4 ,nev]!less1 ,i v5ture to say1 t ! au?or ( ,pre-hi/oric ,times only takes up ) man at ! po9t :]e ,de ,mai/re leaves him4 ,( c\rse ,i d n seek to deta* ,sir ,john ,lubbock f ! evid5ce he has collect$2 nei!r d ,i =get t he is ! repres5tative ( an op9ion & a s*ool2 at any rate1 t !re is an op9ion ( :i* he is ! mo/ conspicu\s expon5t4 ,s f> z my limit$ acqua9tance ) ! special subjects ) :i* ,sir ,john ,lubbock deals ext5ds 7& ) ^! ,i am only indirectly conc]n$71 he appe>s p]fectly /raight=w>d & c&id2 &1 moreov]1 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge my obligations to him1 = he has writt5 ) rem>kable bread? & ability2 & x is ) ! aid ( ! int]e/+ matt] :i* he has accumulat$1#bdj expressly 9 disp>agem5t ( tradition1 t ,i v5ture to und]take to re9/ate x 9 hon\r4 #bdj ,vide *apt] on ,savage ,life 9 ,pre-hi/oric ,times4 ,nei!r d ,i wi% to ignore t ,sir ,john ,lubbock's ma9 argum5t is ! geological argum5t d]iv$ f ! discov]y ( ! fossils & implem5ts 9 ! drift4 ,b on ?is po9t ,i beg to be all[$ to say a ^w 9 prote/4 ,z a geologi/ ,sir ,john ,lubbock may be entitl$ to rely ma9ly ^u ! geological evid5ce ( a paloli?ic age2#bda b z an e?nologi/ deal+ ) hi/ory & writ+ on ! subject ( tradition1 8 argum5t1 h[ev] incontrov]tible he may deem x1 s9ks to ! second rank2 & second>y ,i %all take ! lib]ty ( consid]+ x4 ,on ! same gr\nds1 ?\gh ,i ?9k ) m reason1 t ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock seeks to be reliev$ f ! emb>rass+ int]f]5ce ( tradition 7,pre-hi/oric ,times1 p4 #ccf71 ,i prote/1 :5 tradition is ! subject-matt] ( ! discussion1 aga9/ a geological argum5t be+ br\ght to take ! gr\nd f "u our feet6 #bda ,x may p]haps be d\btful to :at ext5t ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock ma9ta9s 8 !ory ( a ,/one ,age2 al?\gh ,sir ,john =mally excludes ,*9a & ,japan f ! argum5t1 he nev]!less appe>s to me to assume ! exi/5ce ( univ]sal transitional p]iods ?r\gh :i* ! human race necess>ily pass$4 ,x w\ld appe> t pre-hi/oric ar*ology may be divid$ into f\r great epo*s4 ,fir/ly1 t ( ! ,drift3 :5 man %>$ ! possession ( ,europe ) ! mammo?1 c4 ,?is we may call ! 'paloli?ic p]iod4' ,secondly1 ! lat] or poli%$ ,/one ,age2 a p]iod1 c4 ,?irdly1 ! ,bronze ,age1 c4 ,f\r?ly1 ! ,iron ,age4 ,sir ,john adds1 c]ta9ly--,9 ord] to prev5t misappreh5sion1 x may be well to /ate at once1 t = ! pres5t ,i only apply ?is classification to ,europe1 ?\gh 9 all probability x might be ext5d$ also to ! neighb\r+ p>ts ( ,asia & ,africa4 ,z reg>ds o!r civilis$ c\ntries1 ,*9a & ,japan = in/ance1 we z yet "k no?+ ( _! pre-hi/oric ar*ology4 ,i %\ld r say1 z we z yet h no reason to suppose t !y h ev] lo/ ! k ( metals4 ,x is evid5t also t "s nations1 su* z ! ,fuegians1 ,&aman]s1 c41 are ev5 n[ only 9 an age ( /one4 ,b ev5 9 ?is limit$ s5se1 ! above classification has n met ) g5]al acceptance2 !re are /ill "s ar*ologi/s :o believe t ! arms & implem5ts--/one1 bronze1 & iron--7 us$ contemporane\sly4--,pre-hi/oric ,times1 pp4 #b1 #c4 ,i ?9k t ! conclud+ s5t5ce makes x q cle> t ,sir ,john assumes ! exi/5ce ( univ]sal progressive p]iods z above4 ,9 any case x may be prov$ 9 ?is way4 ,sir ,john argues ^u ! hypo!sis ( ! unity ( ! human race2 & ,i also ?9k t he w n refuse ! unbrok5 te/imony to ! fact ( ! civilisation ( ,europe f ,asia4 ,ei!r1 !n1 ! fir/ colonisation took place :5 ,asia 0 9 ! /ate ( ! ,drift1 or 9 ! lat] poli%$ ,/one ,age1 or else ! migration left ,asia ) ! k ( bronze or iron4 ,on ! latt] supposition ! argum5t ,i cont5d = is conc$$1 & orig9al civilisation & subsequ5t deg5]acy is e/abli%$4 ,to escape ?is alt]native ! univ]sality ( a ,/one ,age 9 ,asia z well z 9 ,europe1 mu/ be prov$ or assum$4 ,?is assumption ,i ma9ta9 is ess5tial to ,sir ,john's argum5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i beg to urge t if ,sir ,j4 ,lubbuck's argum5t be well f\nd$1 ,pr(essor ,rawl9son's recon/ruction ( ,assyrian hi/ory _c be true4 ,n[ ,i assume t ! "o ord] ( facts is z well e/abli%$ z ! o!r4 ,if ,pr(essor ,rawl9son takes back ,assyrian hi/ory & corroborates hi/ory & tradition by ! evid5ce ( rec5t excavations to ,b4,c4 #bbcd1 id5tifies ! ,ere* ( ,scripture ) ! ,huruk ( ! cunei=m tablets & ! mod]n ,urka2 simil>ly id5tifies ! o!r ?ree cities ( ,nimrod2 &1 f9ally1 id5tifies ,nimrod himself z ,bil-,nipru2 & if1 fur!r1 bronze implem5ts are f\nd 7,rawl9son1 i4 #aja1 #abc1 #baa71 along ) fl9t d\btless 7b ?is 0 common ?r\gh\t ! bronze age1 z ,sir ,john himself admits71 at an e>ly p]iod2--& bronze1 ?\gh comp>atively r>e1 yet exi/s among ! v e>ly ,assyrian rema9s--!re seems no good reason to suppose t ! k ( metals1 :i* we "k 7,g54 iv4 #bb7 to h exi/$ be=e ! ,deluge1 & :i* ! con/ruction ( ! ark presupposes1 0 ev] lo/4 ,a /one age1 exclusive ( metals1 common to ! :ole _w & to all mank9d1 is !re=e an unt5able hypo!sis accord+ to ! te/imony ( hi/ory4 ,if x exi/$ any:]e x mu/ h be5 only p>tially1 locally1 & contemporane\sly ) ?is traditional k ( metals1 :i* seems to be hi/orically prov$4#bdb ,i may at lea/ be p]mitt$ to believe 9 ! accuracy ( ,pr(essor ,rawl9son's conclusions1 & to reg>d !m z ! v]dict ( hi/ory3 & if ! hi/orical argum5ts s pron\nce1 :y %\ld ! geological or palontological argum5t ov]ride x8 ,is n hi/ory supreme on its own gr\nd--& if ,scripture is always f\nd 9 p]fect consi/5cy ) hi/ory1 is x n z mu* z 9 /rictness we %\ld h a "r to expect8 ,tradidit mundum disputationi eorum 7,eccles4 iii4 #aa74 #bdb ,wilson 7,ar*ologia ( ,scotl&1 #cfj7 says1 ,b aft] all x is to ,asia we are =c$ to return = ! true s\rce ( ne>ly all our primitive arts1 nor w ! canons ( ar*ology be e/abli%$ on a safe f\ndation till ! antiquities ( t old] cont95t h be5 explor$ & classifi$4 ,n only bronze b iron has be5 f\nd 9 ! ,ea/ 9 use at an e>ly p]iod 7vide ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh & ,babylon1 #agh-i1 #aid74 ,at ,nimr\d1 ,dr ,p]cy 7id4 #fgj7 says ! iron 0 us$ to economise ! bronze2 if s x mu/ h be5 *eap]1 & !re=e probably m abundant2 & he is ( op9ion t iron 0 m ext5sively us$ by ! anci5ts ?an seems to be g5]ally admitt$4 ,philology seems also to e/abli% an e>ly common k1 & subsequ5t tradition ( ! use ( metals4 ,mr ,max ,mll] 7ii4 #de7 says1 ,t ! value & usefulness ( "s ( ! metals 0 kn[n be=e ! sep>ation ( ! ,aryan race c be prov$ only by a few words2 = ! names ( mo/ ( ! metals diff] 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,yet !re c be no d\bt t iron 0 kn[n1 & its value appreciat$1 :e!r = def5ce or attack4 ,:atev] its old ,aryan "n may h be51 x is cle> t ,sanscrit 'ayas1' ,lat9 'ahes1' 9 'ah5cus' & ev5 ! contract$ =m 's1 ris'2 ! ,go?ic 'ais1' ! old ,g]man 'er1' & ! ,engli% iron1 are names ca/ 9 ! same m\ld1 & only slightly corrod$ ev5 n[ by ! ru/ ( s _m c5turies4 ,! ,sw$i% ,go?ic race _h no tradition b ( weapons ( iron4 7,pr(essor ,nillson's ,/one ,age1 p4 #aib47 ,i f9d 9 ,capta9 ,cook's ,voyages t 9 ,otaheite _! ^w = iron is eure-eure4 ,g]mans 7apud ,tacitus7 call$ _! iron lances framea1 :i* has great resemblance to f]rum4 7,vide ,wilson1 #aie47 ,! foll[+ passage f ,wilson's ,ar*ologia seems to prove ?is common t]m9ology /ill m ext5sively--,! ,saxon 'gold' diff]s n m ess5tially f ! ,greek ',greek3 *rysos' ?an f ! ,lat9 'aurum'2 iron f ',greek3 sid]os' or 'f]rum'2 b :5 we come to exam9e ! ,celtic names ( ! metals x is o!rwise4 ,! ,celtic t]ms are3 ,gold3 ,gael1 'or1' gold51 'orail'2 ,wel%1 'aur'2 ,lat91 ' aurum4' ,silv]3 ,gael1 'airgiod1' made ( silv]1 'airgioda*'2 ,wel%1 'ariant'2 ,lat91 'arg5tum'--d]iv$ 9 ! ,celtic f 'arg1' :ite1 or milk1 l ! ,greek ',greek3 argos1' :5ce !y also =m$ _! ',greek3 argyros4' ,n[1 is x improbable t ! ,lat9 'f]rum' & ! ,engli% 'iron' spr+ indirectly f ! same ,celtic root8 ,gael1 'i>unn'2 ,wel%1 'hai>n'2 ,saxon1 iron2 ,dani%1 'i]n'2 ,spani%1 'hi]ro1' :i* la/ furni%es no remote approximation to 'f]rum4' ,nor ) ! old] metals is x greatly diff]5t1 z bronze1 ,gael1 'umha' or 'prais'2 ,wel%1 'pres1' :5ce our ,engli% 'brass1' a "n be>+ no v indi/9ct resemblance to ! ,roman 's4' ,lead 9 l mann] has its peculi> ,gaelic "n 'luaidha1' l ! ,saxon 'ld' 7lead71 :ile ! ,wel% 'plwm' closely approximates to ! ,lat9 'plumbum4' ,x may und\bt$ly be argu$ t ! ,lat9 is ! root in/ead ( ! (f%oot ( ^! ,celtic names1 b ! entire ar*ological pro(s are oppos$ to ?is idea1 p4 #cej4 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1 ,pre-hi/oric ,times 7p4 #cgb7 says1 ,! tools ( ! ,tahitians :5 fir/ discov]$ 7 made ( /one1 bone1 %ell1 or wood4 ,( metal !y _h no idea4 ,:5 !y fir/ obta9$ nails !y mi/ook !m = ! "y %oots ( "s v h>d wood1 & hop+ t life might n be q ext9ct1 plant$ a numb] ( !m c>efully 9 _! g>d5s4 ,capta9 ,wallis1 h[ev]1 speak+ ( ! isl&s )9 ! ,polynesian gr\p1 rem>ks z an extraord9>y circum/ance t al?\gh no sort ( metal 0 se5 on any ( ! lately discov]$ isl&s1 yet ! nations 7 no soon] possess$ ( a piece ( iron1 ?an !y began to %>p5 x1 b did n treat copp] or brass 9 ! same mann]4--,voyages ( ,engli% ,navigators r\nd ! ,_w1 iii4 #ajh4 ,w\ld n ^! diff]5t appreciations ( iron & brass be acc\nt$ = if we suppose iron to be ! la/ metal !y _h be5 traditionally acqua9t$ )8 iron be+ ! m common & inexp5sive metal4 ,n[1 secondly1 z x happ5s t bronze is only a comb9ation ( copp] & t9 9 c]ta9 proportions1 & z nei!r exi/$ on ! spot 79 ! ,mesopotamian valley71 x is a curi\s "q h[ !y c\ld h hit ^u ! discov]y ?r\gh actual exp]im5t4 ,t91 = in/ance1 is only f\nd 9 ,cornwall1 ,banca 7betwe5 ,sumatra & ,borneo71 ,spa91 ,saxony1 & ,sib]ia4 ,n[1 h[ did x ent] ! heads ( ev5 ^! wise ,*aldans to g to ^! di/ant c\ntries 9 se>* ( ?is metal unless !y knew be=eh& ?r\gh tradition1 t if procur$ along ) copp] x w\ld produce ! useful amalgam !y s\ght8 ,true1 x might h be5 br\ght to !m ?r\gh comm]ce1 b 9 t case !re mu/ h be5 "s o!r race m advanc$ 9 civilisation ?an !mselves4 ,if ! ,pho5icians1 mu* ! same argum5t w recur4 ,if "s race 9 ! c\ntries :]e t9 0 procur$1 :]e is x n[8 ,if x exi/s x mu/ be repres5t$ by "s race at pres5t or hi/orically kn[n to h be5 9 a /ate ( b>b>ism4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 at ?is /age ( ! argum5t1 w\ld be too precipitate an admission ( deg5]acy6 ,n[1 9 a c]ta9 modifi$ s5se1 ,i %\ld be q prep>$ to admit a /one age4 ,no?+ m probable ?an t 9 ! disp]sion c]ta9 families w\ld h tak5 only :at came readie/ to h&4 ,^? :o made long m>*es1 & came to c\ntries :]e m9]als 7 sc>ce1 w\ld h be5 9 ! way ( los+ ! k ( metals altoge!r1 except 9 s f> z !y pres]v$ ! tradition ( !m2 & ?is w\ld mu* dep5d ^u h[ f> !y pres]v$ o!r traditions4#bdc ,"s in/ance %\ld be giv5 u--& z !re are savages :o are /ill us+ no?+ b fl9t1 !re is /ill ! *ance--( "s set ( savages :o h spontane\sly hit ^u ! plan ( fus+ diff]5t metals1 or ev5 ( smelt+ metals :i* 7 "u _! eye8 ,c]ta9ly n our suppos$ fl9t ance/ors1 :o1 z ,pr(essor ,nillson & ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock agree1 mu/ h got _! k ( bronze f ,asia3 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock incl9+ to an ,indo-,european1 ,pr(essor ,nillson to a ,pho5ician orig9 ( ! bronze age civilisation4 7,pre-hi/oric ,times1 p4 #di47 ,all ?is p]fectly co9cides ) ! view ,i h indicat$1 t ! contra/ arose ?r\gh ! div]g5ce ( ! l9es ( ! disp]sion1 lead+ ! tribes to v>i$ =tunes1 "s los+ & o!rs reta9+ ! tradition2 & ^? :o reta9$ x ev5tually communicat+ x to ^? :o _h laps$4 ,b !n !re are ^? un=tunate ,ba%kirs1 :o1 ,pr(essor ,nillson tells u1 are /ill 9 _! /one age1 & :o h rema9$ ,ba%kirs s9ce ,h]odotus describ$ !m z su* #bcjj ye>s ago4 ,z !y h resi/$ ! contact ( civilisation s long1 "o c only wat* ) c>eful curiosity ! transition>y process by :i* !y w pass by int]nal developm5t f _! /one to _! bronze age4#bdd #bdc ,mr ,vaux ( ! ,briti% ,museum has add$ ! foll[+ int]e/+ note on ! metallurgy ( ! anci5ts4 #a/1 ,! e>lie/ =m ( metal "w appe>s to h be5 employ$ 9 ! ornam5tation ( sacr$ vessels = temples1 c4444 ,occasionally ! floor or f\ndation ( "s temples 0 ( brass3 ?us ,greek3 *alkeos oudos 7,soph4 ,o,ed4 ,col471 p]haps l ! room at ,delphi call$ ,greek3 lanos oudos1 itself also a treasury4--,lay>d1 ,n9eveh & ,babylon1 p4 #fgc4 ,b\lang]1 ,l'antiquit dvoile p> ses usage1 7iii4 #cei71 says1 ,ce sont les my/res qui out tir les hommes de la vie sauvage p\r les ram5] la vie sociale et police4 ,ces my/res toi5t un compos de crmonies religieuses 444 leur orig9e remonte au temps des hros et des demi-dieux4 #bdd ,( all ! diff]5t phases ( civilisation1 ^? :i* a nation mu/ pass be=e x atta9s ! highe/ grade ( developm5t1 ! fir/ rude /ate is ! mo/ endur+ & ! mo/ difficult to get ov]4--,pr(essor ,nillson's ,/one ,age1 #aia4 ,! evid5ce ( ! transition f a /one to a bronze age among ! ,egyptians appe>s m]ely to be ! use ( a /one knife f\nd 9 _! catacombs1 & us$ = ! sacr$ incision into ! dead1 al?\gh !y us$ bronze & iron knives = ord9>y purposes1 & :]eas ! /one knife 0 us$ by ! e>ly ,hebrews 9 circumcision1 & by ! prie/s ( ,montezuma z in/rum5ts ( human sacrifice4--,wilson's ,ar*ologia1 p4 #bi4 ,i mu/ n[ rev]t to :at ,i at pres5t wi% to limit ! discussion1 viz4 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock's views on ! subject ( tradition4 ,sir ,john says t hi/ory c ?r[ no light ^u ! "q ( ! /one & bronze age1 because ! use ( metals has 9 all cases prec$$ t ( writ+4 ,i %\ld l to "k :e!r ,sir ,john is prep>$ to adh]e to ?is dictum "u all circum/ances1 inasmu* z1 if he does1 he mu/ all[ me to trace ! use ( metals 9 ,assyria ev5 beyond ! date at :i* ,pr(essor ,rawl9son seems actually to h f\nd evid5ce ( _! use2 = 7pp4 #hj1 #aih7 9 ! ru9s ( ,w>ka1 ! anci5t ,huruk or ,ere* 7! city ( ,nimrod7 we f9d inscriptions on bricks ( ! date ( ! reign ( ,urukh or ,or*amus1 :o1 accord+ to classical tradition1 0 ! sev5? 9 succession f ,bel or ,nimrod2 :i* tradition1 says ,rawl9son 7p4 #ahi71 accords v curi\sly ) ! in=mation d]iv$ f ! inscriptions4 ,!re is no?+ to indicate t ! bricks "h discov]$ 7 ! fir/ bricks ev] inscrib$2 on ! contr>y1 :]ev] we f9d bricks & metals !re w be a prima facie presumption z to _! previ\s use4#bde ,only ^u ,sir ,john ,lubbock's dictum1 f9d+ evid5ce ( writ+ at ?is date1 we mu/ necess>ily conclude t ! use ( metals prec$$ x4 ,?is w\ld br+ u well up ! sev5 reigns1 & into close contact ) ! "t ( ,nimrod4 #bde ,x am\nts to ?is1 t we are reque/$ fir/ ( all to disc>d & absolutely exclude all t we d "k ?r\gh direct hi/orical evid5ce ( our orig91 & to det]m9e x m]ely by sci5tific induction4 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock says 9 8 introduction to ,pr(essor ,nillson's ,/one ,age 7:i* is a summ>y ( ! :ole "q71 ,i h purposely avoid$ all ref]5ce to hi/ory1 all use ( hi/orical data1 because ,i h be5 p>ticul>ly anxi\s to %[ t 9 ar*ology we c arrive at def9ite & satisfactory conclusions1 on indep5d5t gr\nds1 )\t any assi/ance f hi/ory2 consequ5tly reg>d+ times be=e writ+ 0 inv5t$1 & !re=e be=e writt5 hi/ory _h comm5c$ 7p4 xlii47 ,comp>e ) supra1 *4 vii4 ,nor1 says ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock 7p4 #cce71 w tradition supply ! place ( hi/ory4 ,at be/ x is untru/wor?y & %ortliv$4 ,?us 9 #aggj ! ,new ,zeal&]s _h no recollection ( ,tasman's visit4 ,yet ?is took place 9 #afdc1 less ?an "o hundr$ & ?irty ye>s be=e1 & mu/ h be5 to !m an ev5t ( ! greate/ possible importance & int]e/4444 ,i d n mean to say t tradition w\ld nev] pres]ve = a long p]iod ! memory ( any rem>kable ev5t4 ,! above-m5tion$ facts 7,de ,soto's exp$ition is also ref]r$ to7 prove only t x w n always d s2 b x is unnecess>y = u to discuss ?is "q1 z !re is 9 ,europe no tradition ( ! ,/one ,age1 & :5 arr[-heads are f\nd ! ignorant peasantry ref] !m to ! elves or fairies2 /one axes are reg>d$ z ?und]bolts1 & are us$ n only 9 ,europe b also 9 v>i\s o!r p>ts ( ! _w = magical purposes 7p4 #ccf74 ,reliev$ !n f ! emb>rass+ int]f]5ce ( tradition1 ! ar*ologi/ c only foll[ ! me?ods :i* h be5 s successfully pursu$ 9 geology 7p4 #ccf74bdf ,?is is p>tly a limitation ( ! "q to oral tradition1 & p>tly an anticipat$ d5ial ( :at ,i %all n[ v5ture to ass]t1 namely1 t we c only look = ! savages' traditions ( ?+s kn[n to !m be=e !y 7 savages1 religi\s impressions :i* h n be5 effac$ f _! m9ds1 leg5ds connect$ ) _! race1 facts :i* h det]m9$ _! de/9y4 ,! v *>act]i/ic ( ! savage is t he lives only = ! pres5t2 t he has little memory = ! pa/1 & no =eca/ = ! future2 t 8 m9d is /rick5 ) a hopeless /]ility & fix$ness1 s t he only seems to rememb] ?+s t are br$ 9 ! bone1 & ! tradition ( :i* he _c dive/ himself4#bdg #bdf ,x mu/ n be =got to ! hon\r ( ! ,babylonians t !y are ackn[l$g$1 by all antiquity1 to h be5 ! fir/ :o made use ( writ+ 9 _! public & judicial acts1 b at :at p]iod x is n kn[n4--,goguet1 ,orig9 ( ,laws1 i4 #de4 ,diodorus1 h[ev]1 says ( ! ,egyptians 7vide p4 #dh71 ,m5es )\t d\bt has be5 e/eem$ ! fir/ legislator ( ,egypt1 because he 0 ! fir/ :o put 8 laws 9 writ+4 ,= be=e him ,vulcan1 ,helius1 & ,osiris 7vide ante1 p4 #ahi7 _h giv5 laws to ,egypt4--,diod4 l4 #a1 #ag-ah4 ,b also x mu/ be recollect$ t ! copp] m9es ( ,egypt 7 work$ f ! e>lie/ p]iod4 #bdg ,b !re are savages & savages2 or r !re are savages :o are /rictly su*1 & savages :o h /ill ! g]m ( life & :o are m prop]ly di/+ui%$ z b>b>ians4 ,vide ante1 p4 #bhe1 ,de ,mai/re's def9ition ( ! b>b>ian4 ,& s ! ignorant peasantry :5 ^! fl9ts 7 fir/ dug up1 al?\gh !y _h no tradition1 ru%$ in/9ctively ^u ^! hat*ets & consid]$ !m magical1 app>5tly on no bett] gr\nds ?an t !y _h belong$ to a =m] race ( m5 :om !y associat$ ) elves & fairies4 ,0 n ?is _! way ( say+ ) ,cic]o1 ,antiquitas proxime acc$it ad deos4#bdh #bdh ,i f9d curi\s te/imony to ! belief 9 ,m4 ,maup]tius' 7,p9k]ton1 i4 #beb-d7 acc\nt ( an exp$ition ( ?irty leagues :i* he 0 induc$ to make into ! int]ior ( ,lapl&1 by ! acc\nts :i* he _h receiv$ ( a monum5t :i* ! ,lapl&]s look$ ^u z ! wond] ( _! c\ntry1 & 9 :i* !y conceiv$ 0 conta9$ ! k ( ev]y?+ ( :i* !y 7 ignorant4 ,9 ! end a monum5t 0 f\nd be>+ on x ! appe>ance ( great antiquity1 & an inscription :i* ,m4 ,celsius1 8 companion 7v well acqua9t$ ) ! ,runic71 c\ld n read4 ,m4 ,maup]tius inde$ says1 ,if ! tradition ( ! c\ntry be consult$1 all ! ,lapl&]s assure u t !y are *>act]s ( great antiquity1 conta9+ valuable secrets2 b :at c "o believe 9 reg>d to antiquity f ^? p :o d n ev5 "k _! own age1 & :o = ! great] "p are ignorant :o 7 _! mo!rs4 ,)\t suppos+ t ! my/]i\s /one actually conceal$ any valuable & recondite k1 ,i am /ill /ruck by ?is atte/ation to ! belief t antiquity %r\d$ su* secrets2 & if1 :i* does n altoge!r accord ) o!r acc\nts1 ! ,lapps are z ignorant z !y are "h repres5t$1 !n x w\ld seem to be true t :5 mank9d lose ! k ( ev]y?+ else1 !y /ill reta9 ! tradition ( _! loss & ! k ( _! degradation4 ,conc]n+ ! sup]/iti\s v5]ation = /one arr[-heads v g5]ally diffus$1 vide ,mr ,e4 ,t4 ,/ev5s' ,fl9t ,*ips 7,salisbury1 #ahgj1 p4 #hi47 ,& s f> f tradition supply+ u ) no clue to solve ! problem ( ! /one age1 does x n 9 ?is way sugge/ a v decid$ ?\gh an antagoni/ic view to t ( ,sir ,john ,lubbock4 ,! sup]/iti\s reg>d ( ! peasantry = ^! newly f\nd relics--:i* ,i presume came "u ,sir ,john's own obs]vation :5 explor+ ! nor!rn coa/-f9ds--is really v curi\s1 because x %[s t _! ideas & feel+s 9 ^! matt]s 71 aft] ! lapse ( at any rate a ?\s& ye>s1 id5tical ) ^? ( _! ance/ors4 ,9 evid5ce ( :i* ,i adduce ! foll[+ passage f ,pr(essor ,nillson1 hav+ ref]5ce to ! leg5d ( ! guse arr[s or ,orv> ,odd's saga3-- ,?is anci5t romance %[s v cle>ly t at ! "t :5 x 0 compos$1 nei!r arr[s1 nor o!r weapons ( /one 7 9 common use z weapons1 b t ev5 !n ! op9ion 0 g5]ally curr5t t ^! /one weapons1 :i* ow$ _! exi/5ce to ! dw>f race skill$ 9 sorc]y1 7 end[$ ) a magic p[] aga9/ wit*es & wit*craft :i* no o!r weapons possess$4--,pr(essor ,nillson1 ,/one ,age1 p4 #aii4 ,b ?is sugge/s ! fur!r reflection1 :e!r ?is /one age among c]ta9 tribes 0 n z mu* 9 rejection z 9 ignorance ( metals4 ,pr(essor ,nillson 7p4 #ig1 #ih7 %[s t fl9t 0 us$ = sacr$ sacrificial purposes by ! ,jews1 ,egyptians1 ,pho5icians1 & ,lat9s1 long aft] !y 7 acqua9t$ ) weapons ( metal4 ,among ^! ! traditional idea ab\t fl9t1 :atev] x 01 0 kept 9 due subord9ation2 b among tribes t _h sunk into savag]y x is conceivable t x may h become a sup]/ition1 & dom9at$4 ,i am n sure t we d n und]rate ! capacity = tradition among savages :]e x has once tak5 hold2 /ill1 if x _h be5 a "q ( m]e savages1 at ! fir/ glance ,i %\ld h be5 dispos$ to agree ) ,sir ,john ,lubbock4 ,b let u take ! case ( ,tasman1 :i* ,sir ,john puts =w>d z a sort ( crucial case1 & :i* may be accept$ z su*1 see+ t ! ,new ,zeal&]s may fairly claim to be reg>d$ z b>b>ians4#bdi #bdi ,vide ,sir ,george ,grey's ,polynesian ,my?ology1 p4 xiii42 ,f4 ,a4 ,weld's 7,gov]nor ( ,we/]n ,au/ralia7 ,notes on ,new ,zeal&1 pp4 #ae1 #fj4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ,i f9d ! foll[+ 9 a note to ,cook's ,voyages 7,smi?1 #ahdf73--,mr ,polack1 9 8 ',n>rative ( ,travels & ,adv5tures dur+ a resid5ce 9 ,new ,zeal& betwe5 ! ye>s #ahca-cg1' collect$ all ! p>ticul>s relat+ to ,cook's bru% ) ! natives1 #agfi1 on ! spot4 ,next1 let u see :at ,cook says on ! subject ( ,tasman 7,cook's ,voyages1 i4 #afd7-- ,b ! ,indians /ill cont9u$ ne> ! %ip1 r[+ r\nd _m times h>dly ! mo/ fav\rable conditions "u :i* to recov] a tradition1 conv]s+ ) ,tupia ! ,otaheitan int]pret] *iefly conc]n+ ! traditions !y _h among !m ) respect to ! antiquities ( _! c\ntry4 ,to ?is subject !y 7 l$ by ! inquiries :i* ,tupia _h be5 direct$ to make1 :e!r !y _h ev] se5 su* a vessel z ours1 or _h ev] he>d t any su* _h be5 on _! coa/4 ,^! inquiries 7 all answ]$ 9 ! negative1 s t tradition has pres]v$ among !m no memorial ( ,tasman1 ?\gh by an obs]vation made ?is day we f9d we are only fifte5 miles s\? ( ,murd]]s' ,bay6 ,evid5tly ! %rewd & gallant inve/igator himself 0 n satisfi$ ) ! cross-exam9ation1 = we f9d at p4 #agj-- ,:5 we 7 "u sail "o old man1 ,topaa a native1 came on bo>d to take leave ( u2 & z we 7 /ill desir\s ( mak+ fur!r inquiries :e!r any memory ( ,tasman _h be5 pres]v$ among _! p1 ,tupia 0 direct$ to ask him :e!r he _h ev] he>d t su* a vessel z ours _h be=e visit$ ! c\ntry4 ,to ?is he repli$ 9 ! negative2 b said t 8 ance/ors _h told him !re _h once come to ?is place a small vessel f a di/ant c\ntry call$ ,ulim>oa1 9 :i* 7 f\r m51 :o ^u com+ on %ore 7 all kill$4 ,^u be+ ask$ :]e ?is di/ant l& lay he po9t$ to ! nor?w>d4 ,b :at does ,tasman himself say8-- ,on ! #ag? ,decemb] ^! savages began to gr[ a little bold] & m famili>1 insomu* t at la/ !y v5tur$ on bo>d ! ,heemskirk1 9 ord] to trade ) ^? 9 ! vessel4 ,z soon z ,i p]ceiv$ x1 be+ appreh5sive t !y might attempt to surprise t %ip1 ,i s5t my %allop1 ) sev5 m51 to put ! p 9 ! ,heemskirk on _! gu>d1 & to direct !m n to place any confid5ce 9 ^! p4 ,my sev5 m51 be+ )\t arms1 7 attack$ by ^! savages1 :o kill$ ?ree ( ! sev51 & =c$ ! o!r f\r to swim = _! lives2 :i* occasion$ my giv+ t place ! "n ( ! ,bay ( ,murd]]s4#bej ,our %ip's company w\ld und\bt$ly h tak5 a sev]e rev5ge if ! r\gh wea!r _h n prev5t$ !m4--,tasman's ,voyage ( ,discov]y1 ,p9k]ton1 xi4 #bej ,?is 0 a recognition on ,tasman's "p t !re 0 a violation ( ! law ( nations1 :i* he evid5tly consid]$ ought to h be5 recognis$ by ^! p4 ,= kill+ un>m$ m5 he does n /igmatise !m z savages1 b z murd]]s1 :i* "n has clung to ! spot & to ! transaction to ?is day4 ,n[1 ,i submit t ?is old man ,topaa's recollection ( ! tradition ( an ev5t :i* occurr$ "o hundr$ & ?irty ye>s be=e 8 "t1 0 mu* m p]fect ?an ,capta9 ,cook's1 ,sir ,joseph ,banks'1 ,dr ,sol&]'s1 & ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock's recollection ( ! same ev5t f geographical records4 ,embold5$ by ?is in/ance ( ! fallibility ( sci5tific m51 ,i n[ proce$ to "q ! tru? ( ! two foll[+ propositions ( ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1 aft] :i* ,i %all ask to be all[$ to enunciate a proposition ( my own4 ,fir/1 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock says3 ,x has be5 ass]t$ ov] & ov] aga9 t !re is no race ( man s degrad$ z to be entirely )\t a religion--)\t "s idea ( ! ,deity4 ,s f> f ?is be+ true1 ! v rev]se is ! case 7p4 #dfg74bea #bea ,i am aw>e t :at ,i h oppos$ to ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock is only ! contr>y & n ! contradictory ( 8 proposition4 ,i f9d1 h[ev]1 t a v compet5t au?ority1 ,wilson1 ,ar*ology & ,pre-hi/oric ,annals ( ,scotl&1 p4 #db1 says3 ,no p1 h[ev] rude or debas$ be _! /ate1 h yet be5 met ) s degrad$ to ! level ( ! brutes z to ent]ta9 no notion ( a ,supreme ,be+1 or no anticipation ( a future /ate4 ,all poly!ism is bas$ on mono!ism2 idolatry implies religi\s feel+4--,buns5's ,egypt1 iv4 #fi4 ,b 9 tru? x 0 n a prie/ or a mission>y :o fir/ enunciat$ ! contradictory ( ,sir ,john ,lubbock's proposition--x 0 ,cic]o4 ,itaque ex tot g5]ibus nullum e/ animal1 prt] hom9em1 quod habeat notitiam aliquam dei3 ipsisque 9 hom9ibus nulla g5s e/1 neque tam immansueta1 neque tam f]a1 qu non etiam si ignoret qualem hab]e deum deceat1 tam5 hab5dum sciat4 ,de ,legibus2 i4 #h4 ,second1 ,x is a common op9ion t savages are1 z a g5]al rule1 only ! mis]able remnants ( nations once m civilis$2 b al?\gh !re are "s well-e/abli%$ cases ( national decay1 !re is no sci5tific evid5ce :i* w\ld ju/ify u 9 ass]t+ t ?is is g5]ally ! case 7p4 #ccg74 ,9 opposition to ! fir/ proposition1 ,i ma9ta9 t !re is no race ( m5 s degrad$ z to be )\t "s ve/ige ( religion4 ,& 9 opposition to ! second1 ,i ass]t t if !y h a ve/ige ( religion1 & no?+ else1 !y h /ill t :i* w convict !m ( deg5]acy4 ,fir/1 ,to say t a savage has no idea ( ! ,deity1 is to say m]ely t he is a savage2 & x appe>s to me t ?is ext9ction ( all k ( ! ,deity among a p1 precisely m>ks ! po9t :]e ! b>b>ian lapses into ! savage4 ,tak+ ! range ( ! au?orities quot$ by ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1#beb ,i f9d a great concurr5ce ( te/imony to ! fact t !re is "s ve/ige ( religion4 ,"o only--^: au?ority on any o!r po9t incid5tal to ,african travel ,i %\ld reg>d z ( ! highe/ value--,capta9 ,ri*>d ,burton1 ass]ts )\t qualification1 & 9 language suffici5tly explicit1 t "s ( ! tribes ( ! lake di/rict ( ,c5tral ,africa admit nei!r ,god1 nor angel1 nor devil4 ,o!rs ass]t ! same negatively--!y did n come ^u any signs ( religion1 any ext]nal obs]vances1 any trace ( c]emonial wor%ip4 ,= in/ance1 x is said t ! ,tasmanians _h no ^w = a ,creator 7p4 #dfh1 ,lubbock71 :i* ne$ n excite surprise1 z x is also said ( !m t !y 7 incapable ( =m+ any ab/ract ideas at all 7p4 #cee1 ,lubbock74 ,aga91 9 _m ( ^? cases :]e x is m or less r\ndly ass]t$ t !re is no ve/ige ( religion1 we f9d x pla9ly intimat$ t !re is a belief 9 ! devil1 e4g4 ,lubbock1 p4 #dfi4 #beb ,i %\ld n h consid]$ x necess>y to h ent]$ s elaborately into ?is argum5t1 if ,i _h previ\sly read ! *apt] on ,animism 9 ,mr ,tylor's ,primitive ,culture4 ,! in/ances1 h[ev]1 :i* foll[ w /& z supplem5t>y4 ,! ,tonp9ambas ( ,brazil _h no religion1 ?\gh if ! "n is appli$ ' des notions fanta/iques d'tres surnaturals et puissans on ne sauroit ni] qu'ils n'euss5t une croyance religieuse et mme une sorte de culte ext]ieur4'--,freyc9et1 i4 #aec4 ,n[1 al?\gh ! devil may1 & 9 _m in/ances no d\bt has1#bec made a special revelation ( himself to 8 vot>ies1 ! ord9>y *annel ( in=mation conc]n+ him is ?r\gh tradition1 & ?r\gh ! tradition ( ! fall ( man4 #bec ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock says 7p4 #cgj7 ( ! ,feegee isl&]s3 ,!y did n wor%ip idols1 b _m ( ! prie/s seem to h really ?\ght t !y _h be5 9 actual communication ) ! ,atona2 & "s ( ! e>ly mission>ies 7 incl9$ to believe t ,satan may h be5 p]mitt$ to practise a deception ^u !m1 9 ord] to /r5g!n 8 p[]4 ,h[ev] extraord9>y ?is may appe>1 ! same 0 ! case 9 ,tahiti4 ,b ,i ask fur!r ( ^? :o dispute ?is1 ,if savages are f\nd ) ?is fe> ( ! sup]natural _w1 aft] !y h lo/ ! idea ( ,god1 h[ d !y get x8 ,if n f tradition1 !n f reflection8 ,b savages d n reason 7,lubbock1 p4 #dfe74 ,moreov]1 at p4 #dgj1 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock says1 :at really br+s u v ne>ly to agreem5t1 ,h[1 = in/ance1 c a p :o are unable to c\nt _! own f+]s1 possibly raise _! m9ds s f> z to admit ev5 ! rudim5ts ( a religion8 ,?is is said ) ref]5ce to a previ\s allegation1 ,t ^? :o ass]t t ev5 ! l[e/ savages believe 9 a ,deity1 affirm t :i* is entirely contr>y to ! evid5ce 7p4 #dgj74 ,b !re is a great concurr5ce ( evid5ce t ev5 ! l[e/ savages believe 9 ! devil4 ,belief 9 ! devil involves a realisation m or less obscure ( ! fall5 angel1 ( ! ,_s ( ,evil--& ?is = ! savage :o _c c\nt 8 f+]s is z great an intellectual ef=t z w\ld be1 m]ely consid]$ z an intellectual ef=t1 a belief 9 ! ,deity4 ,on any !ory ( gr[? or developm5t h[ c\ld he 7! l[e/ savage7 h got ! idea8 ,sev]al writ]s :o are quot$1 :il/ !y d5y ! exi/5ce ( any notion ( religion among a p>ticul> p1 m5tion facts :i* are incompatible ) t /atem5t4 ,i may also say1 p>5!tically1 t to detect or elicit ! s5tim5t ( religion 9 o!rs1 "o mu/ h some?+ ( ! s5tim5t 9 ourselves2 e4g4 !re is ! in/ance ( ,kolb5 7,lubbock1 p4 #dfi71 :o1 9 spite ( ! ass]tions ( ! natives !mselves1 felt q sure t c]ta9 dances mu/ be ( a religi\s "*1 let ! ,hott5tots say :at !y w4 ,n[ ,i mu/ say !re is great priori probability 9 ! tru? ( ,kolb5's conviction1 al?\gh he 0 probably l$ to x m]ely by ! insight ( 8 own m9d4 ,let x be tak5 9 connection ) ! foll[+ evid5ce 9 ,wa%+ton ,irv+'s ,life ( ,columbus1 iii4 #abb-abd3-- ,! dances to :i* ! natives seem$ s immod]ately addict$1 & :i* _h be5 at fir/ consid]$ by ! ,spani>ds m]e idle pa/imes1 7 f\nd to be (t5 c]emonials ( a s]i\s & my/ic "*4 ,aga9--,pet] ,m>tyn obs]ves t !y p]=m$ ^! dances to ! *ant ( c]ta9 metres & ballads h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 9 :i* 7 rehe>s$ ! de$s ( _! ance/ors4 ,"s ( ^! ballads 7 ( a sacr$ "*1 conta9+ _! traditional notions ( !ology1 & ! sup]/itions & fables :i* compris$ _! religi\s cre$s4 ,prit*>d1 ,rese>*es into ,phys4 ,hi/4 ( ,man 7i4 p4 #bje71 quot+ ,old5dorp1 & speak+ ( ! ,african negroes1 says3--,at ! annual h>ve/ fea/1 :i* ne>ly all ! nations ( ,gu9ea solemnise1 ?ank-(f]+s are br\ght to ! ,deity4 ,^! fe/ivals are days ( rejoic+1 :i* ! negroes pass ) fea/+ & danc+4 ,vide also ,hi/4 ( ,indian ,tribes ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 #abj portraits f ! ,ind4 ,gal4 9 ,dep>t4 ( ,w> at ,wa%+ton1 by ,t4 ,m',k5ney 7late ,ind4 ,dep4 ,wa%47 & ,j4 ,hall ( ,c9c9nati 7,philadelphia1 #ahcg74 ,danc+ is among ! mo/ prom95t ( ! aborig9al c]emonies2 !re is no tribe 9 :i* x is n practis$4 ,! ,indians h _! w> dance & _! peace dance1 _! dance ( m\rn+ = ! dead1 _! begg+ dance1 _! pipe dance1 _! gre5-corn dance1 & _! ,wabana 7an (f]+ to ! devil74 ,ea* ( ^! is di/+ui%$ by "s peculi>ity 444 ?\gh to a /rang] !y appe> mu* alike1 except ! la/4444 ,x is a c]emony & n a recreation1 & is conduct$ ) a s]i\sness belong+ to an important public duty4 ,at p4 #dcg 7,lubbock7 x is said1 ,admiral ,fitzroy nev] witness$ or he>d ( any act ( a decid$ly religi\s "* among ! ,fuegians4 ,/ill1 z ,sir ,john admits1 "s ( ! natives suppose t !re is a great black man 9 ! woods :o kn[s ev]y?+1 & _c be escap$4 ,if ?is is n ! devil1 x looks v l him4 ,aga91 p4 #dfi1 ,mr ,ma!ws says1 speak+ ( ! ,fuegians1 he sometimes he>d a great h[l+ or lam5tation ab\t sunrise 9 ! morn+2 & ^u ask+ ,jemmy ,button :at occasion$ ! outcry1 he c\ld obta9 no satisfactory answ]2 ! boy only say+1 'p v sad1 cry v mu*4' ,^u :i* ,sir ,john rem>ks1 ,?is appe>s s natural & suffici5t an explanation1 t :y ! outcry %\ld be 'suppos$ to be devotional' ,i mu/ confess myself unable to see 7#dfi74 ,n[1 if ?is 0 n _! traditional notion & mode ( pray]1 degrad$ accord+ to ! measure ( _! deg5]acy1 ! deg5]acy is at lea/ prov$ 9 ano!r way1 =1 be+ /ill reasonable be+s1 !y _h1 accord+ to ! acc\nt1 congregat$ toge!r to s5d up a lam5tation1 :i*1 if x 0 n pray]1 c\ld be lik5$ only to ! moonlight h[l+ ( wolves4 ,?is mode ( pray] resembles :at ,fa!r ,loy] & ! mission>y ,old5dorp 7,prit*>d1 i4 #aig7 tells u ( ! negroes4 ,fa!r ,loy] decl>es t !y h a belief 9 a univ]sally p[]ful ,be+1 & to him !y address pray]s4 ,e morn+ aft] !y rise !y g to ! riv] side to wa%1 & ?r[+ a h&ful ( wat] on _! head1 or p\r+ s& ) x to express _! humility1 !y jo9 _! h&s & !n op5 !m1 :isp] s(tly ! ^w 'exsuvais4' ,old5dorp says 7p4 #bjb73 ,! negroes pr(ess _! dep5d5ce on ! ,deity1 444 !y pray at ! ris+ & sett+ ( ! sun1#bed on eat+ & dr9k+1 & :5 !y g to w>4 ,comp>e also ,helps' ,spani% ,conque/ 9 ,am]ica1 i4 #bhe3-- ,! wor%ip ( ! ,p]uvians 0 n ! m]e wor%ip ( ! sun alone z ( ! mo/ beautiful & p[]ful ?+ :i* !y beheld2 b !y _h also a wor%ip ( a f> m elevat$ & ref9$ nature1 address$ to ,pa*acamac1 ! s\l ( ! univ]se1 :om !y h>dly d>$ to "n2 & :5 !y 7 oblig$ to "n ?is ,be+1 !y did s incl9+ ! head & ! :ole body1 n[ lift+ up ! eyes to heav51 n[ l[]+ !m to ! gr\nd1 & giv+ kisses 9 ! air4 ,to ,pa*acamac !y made no temple & (f]$ no sacrifices1 b !y ador$ him 9 _! he>ts4#bee #bed ,aft] all1 is !re n some?+ 9 _! mode ( pray] :i* recalls ! language ( ,psalm cxl41 ,dirigatur oratio mea sicut inc5sum 9 conspectu tuo3 elevatio manuum me>um sacrificium vesp]t9um4 ,if ! read] w ref] to ,buns5's ,egypt1 c4 vol4 i4 p4 #dig1 he w f9d a man ) uplift$ arms z ! ideographic sign 7#ai7 = to praise1 glorification1 :i* is 9 evid5ce n only t x 0 ! natural b ! traditional mode4 #bee ,g>cilasso de la ,vega's au?ority is s unimpea*able1 & at ! same "t 8 te/imony is s unmi/akable on ?is po9t1 t x w be z well to give 8 own words1 z he 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! ,p]uvian traditions1 ?r\gh 8 "m1 :o 0 "o ( ! ,yncas4 ,he adds3 ,:5 ! ,indians 7 ask$ :o ,pa*acamac 01 !y repli$ t he x 0 :o gave life to ! univ]se1 & support$ x2 b t !y knew him n1 = !y _h nev] se5 him1 & t = ?is reason !y did n build temples to him1 nor (f] him sacrifices2 b t !y wor%ipp$ him 9 _! he>ts 7m5tally71 & consid]$ him to be an unkn[n ,god4444 ,f ?is x is cle>1 t ^! ,indians consid]$ him to be ! mak] ( all ?+s4 ,hakluyt ed4 ( ,g>cil4 de la ,vega's ,royal ,comm5t>ies ( ! ,yncas1 ed4 ,c4 ,m>kham1 #ahfi1 i4 #ajg4 ,he fur!r rem>ks t1 :]eas !y hesitat$ to pron\nce ! "n ( ,pa*acamac1 !y spoke ( ! sun on e occasion4 ,comp>e ! acc\nts we h ( ! ,guan*es4 ,m4 ,pegot ,ogi]1 ,! ,=tunate ,isles 7,can>ies71 #ahga1 says 7p4 #bhc71 t a comp>ison ( ! ,*ronicles ( ! ,conque/ %[s t1 f> f be+ idolat]s1 ! ,guan*es wor%ipp$ "o ,god1 ! ,creator & ,pres]v] ( ! _w1 & t 7p4 #bhb71 9 _! wor%ip1 !y rais$ _! h&s to heav51 & sacrific$ on ! m\nta9s by p\r+ milk on ! gr\nd f a height2 _! milk 0 c>ri$ 9 a sacr$ vase call$ ganigo4 ,! "n ( _! god1 ,a*oron ,a*aman ,he :o upholds ! heav5 & e>?1 & ,a*uhuyahan ,a*uhucanac ,he :o su/a9s e "o1 has resemblances ) ,pa*acamac ,pa*a1 ! e>?2 & camac p>ticiple ( camani1 ,i create4--7,c4 ,m>kham1 ,hakluyt ed4 ( ,g>cil4 de la ,vega1 i4 #aja47 ,at p4 #dfh ,sir ,john some:at too r\ndly ass]ts t ,dr ,hook] tells u t ! ,lep*as ( ,nor!rn ,india h no religion4 ,turn+ to ,dr ,hook]'s ,himalayan ,j\rnal1 ,i f9d 7i4 #ace71 ,! ,lep*as pr(ess no religion1 ?\gh ackn[l$g+ ! exi/5ce ( good & bad spirits4444 ,bo? ,lep*as & ,limboos _h1 be=e ! introduction ( ,lama ,boodhism f ,tibet1 _m features 9 common ) ! natives ( ,arracan1 especially 9 _! cre$1 sacrifices1 fai? 9 om5s1 wor%ip ( _m spirits1 abs5ce ( idols1 & ( ! doctr9e ( metempsy*osis 7p4 #adj74 ,we h already se5 7supra1 p4 #bbd7 t !y _h a v di/9ct tradition ( ! ,deluge2 inde$ !re is mu* 9 ! acc\nt ( !m :i* rem9ds u ( ! primitive mono!ism4 ,s1 too1 ,sir ,john ass]ts1 p4 #dfi1 ,once m ,dr ,hook] /ates t ! ,khasias1 an ,indian tribe1 _h no religion4 ,col4 ,yule1 on ! contr>y1 says t !y h1 b he admits t break+ h5s' eggs is ! pr9cipal "p ( _! religi\s practice4 ,x is true t ,dr ,hook] says 7ii4 #bgf71 ,! ,khasias are sup]/iti\s1 b h no religion2 he adds1 h[ev]1 l ! ,lep*as1 !y believe 9 a ,supreme ,be+1 & 9 deities ( ! grove1 cave1 & /ream4 ,x seems1 h[ev]1 t ! only outw>d manife/ation ( _! religion is 9 break+ h5s' eggs6 ,:at c be m ludicr\s6 yet "h1 too1 w\ld seem to be a ve/ige ( primitive tradition4 ,we "k 7vide ,wilk9son1 ,anci5t ,egyptians1 second s]ies7 h[ primitive tru? 0 conceal$ "u mat]ial symbols4 ,ga9et 7i4 #abg7 also says1 ,ev5 ^u ! hypo!sis t ^! fragm5ts ( ! ,egyptian cosmogony 7 lo/1 "o ( ! hi]oglyphics :i* ?is p has left u w\ld suffice to conv9ce u ( _! belief 9 a ,creator4 ,x is ! image ( ! god ,kneph1 :om !y repres5t ) an egg 9 8 m\?2 ?is egg be+ ! natural image ( ! _w tak+ its bir? f ?is div9ity4 ,aga91 p4 #aae1 ,9 ! my/]ies ( ,bac*us#bef ! dogma ( ! ,creation 0 propos$ "u ! emblem ( t celebrat$ egg1 ( :i* ! poets h s (t5 spok51 :i* conta9$ ! g]m ( all ?+s4 ,! egg1 says ,plut>*1 is consecrat$ to ! sacr$ c]emonies ( ,bac*us1 z a repres5tation ( ! ,au?or ( nature :o produces & compreh5ds all ?+s 9 himself4 ,!re is a passage 9 ,a!nagoras to ! same effect4 #bef ,comp>e ) pp4 #aef1 #bad4 ,sup]/itions 7 also connect$ ) cocks & h5s 9 ,khasia4 ,:e!r ^! aga9 7 connect$ ) ! symbolical repres5tation ( ! egg c only be conjectur$4 ,x may possibly be t ! repres5tation _h a common orig9 ) ! cock ( ,apollo & ! cock ( sculapius1 if1 inde$1 ^! 7 n also orig9ally d]iv$ f ! same primal conception4 ,?is w\ld be only to r5ew ! old classical dispute z to :e!r ! h5 proce$$ f ! egg1 or ! egg f ! h51 :i* ,i take to be only ! =m 9 :i* ! great "q ( ! ,fir/ ,cause 0 debat$ by ! ,g5tile _w aft] _! ideas ( a ,creator _h become indi/9ct1 & ) ref]5ce to ?is anci5t symbol4 ,h[ev] t may be1 ,i wi% to po9t out t ?is c]emonial use ( ! cock may be trac$ 9 ,europe1 ,asia1 & ,africa3 e4g4 ,asia--,! ,lep*as scatt] eggs & pebbles ov] ! graves ( _! fri5ds4444 ,among ! ,limboos1 ! prie/s ( a high] ord] ?an ! ,lep*a1 ,bijoras (ficiate at m>riages1 :5 a cock is put into ! bride-groom's h&s1 & a h5 into ^? ( ! bride4 ,! ,ph$angbo !n cuts (f ! birds' heads1 :5 ! blood is caught 9 a planta9 leaf1 & runs into pools1 f :i* om5s are drawn 7,dr ,hook]1 ,himalayan ,j\rnal1 i4 #bch74 ,africa--vide ,prit*>d1 ,phys4 ,hi/4 ( ,man1 i4 #bjc1 #bjd1 #bjh3 ,ev5 ! dead are n buri$ )\t sacrifices4 ,a :ite h5 is sla9 by ! prie/ be=e ! corpse comes to ! grave1 & ! bi] :]eon ! body lies is spr9kl$ ) its blood4 ,?is cu/om 0 introduc$ by ! nation ( ,kagraut4 ,europe--,if any "o w turn to ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news ( ,nov4 #ad1 #ahfh1 he w f9d an acc\nt & illu/ration ( a local c]emony peculi> to ! village ( ,gorbio 9 ! ,m>itime ,alps1 9 :i* ! prie/1 on a p>ticul> day 9 ! ye>1 is solemnly pres5t$ ) f\r cocks hung ^u a halb]d--toge!r ) an apple by ! ba*elors & sp9/]s ( ! village--f :i* x w\ld seem to h _h orig9ally "s connection1 z we h se5 above1 ) a m>riage c]emony4 ,wilson 7,ar*ologia7 rem>ks t ! cu/om ( ,ea/]1 or1 9 ! nor?1 ,pa/e eggs 7,pas*71 0 v preval5t 9 ! nor?4#beg #beg ,comp>e ! foll[+ passage 9 ! ,bi%op ( ,*alons' ,le ,monde et l',homme ,primitif 7) ref]5ce to ,g54 i4--! ,creation74 ,at p4 #aa ! ,bi%op says1 ,t :5 ! ,book ( ! ,law ( ,man\ & ! ,mahab>ata relate t ,god1 :o conta9s )9 ,himself 8 own pr9ciple 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ! wat]1 & gave x fecundity1 & t ! produce ( ?is fecundity became an egg1 444 c we see 9 ?is any?+ else ?an ! fanta/ic translation ( ?is phrase ( ,scripture1 ',l'esprit de ,dieu c\vait la surface des eaux--,r\ha ,elohim meh>ephet hal p5e hammam4' ,vide also p4 #aa 7z to univ]sality ( tradition7 & p4 #cd z to text also4 ,j4 ,g4 ,vance 7,ar*ol4 xix47 says1 ^u ! mundane egg ! :ole sy/em ( anci5t religion 0 bas$ 7,j4 ,b4 ,w>+1 ,/one ,monum5ts ( ,remote ,ages1 p4 #e1 #ahgj74 ,x /rikes me t x w\ld be difficult to assign a ,*ri/ian orig9 = ! cu/om4 ,x mu/ !n h be5 a cu/om :i* ! ,*ur* div]t$ or sanction$ 9 giv+ x an innoc5t or ,*ri/ian application2 9 :i* case1 9 s f> z x is pagan1 x may possibly be trac$ to a common orig9 ) ! practices 9 ,khasia among ! ,lep*as4 ,x w\ld ext5d ! inquiry too f> to foll[ ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock ?r\gh all ! cases adduc$ by him4 ,i w conclude1 !re=e1 ) 8 acc\nt ( ! ,&aman isl&]--:o1 ) ! ,au/ralians1 ,esquimaux1 & ,fuegians1 dispute ! po9t ( be+ consid]$ ! l[e/ ( mank9d4 ,x is said ( ! ,&amans1 t !y h no idea ( a ,supreme ,be+1 no religion1 or any belief 9 a future /ate ( exi/5ce 7p4 #cdf74 ,x is1 h[ev]1 casually m5tion$ t1 aft] dea?1 ! corpse is buri$ 9 a sitt+ po/ure4 ,n[ ?is mode ( burial is common to !m ) ,esquimaux 7p4 #dji71 ! ,au/ralians 7p4 #cec71 ! ,maories 7p4 #cfi71 & ! natives ( ! ,feegee ,isl&s 7p4 #cfa71 among :om we seem to get a clue to ?is /range mode ( burial2 ! fact is1 !y 7! ,feegee isl&]s7 n only believe 9 a future /ate1 b are p]suad$ t z !y leave ?is life1 s w !y rise aga94 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1 9 8 ,introduction to ,pr(4 ,nillson 7xxxiii471 says t ?is 0 ! common mode ( burial 9 ! ,/one ,age2 & ,prescott 7,hi/4 ( ,mexico1 ii4 #dhe7 says1 ,:o c d\bt ! exi/5ce ( an aff9ity1 or at lea/ an int]c\rse1 betwe5 tribes1 :o _h ! same /range habit ( bury+ ! dead 9 a sitt+ position1 z 0 practis$ to "s ext5t by mo/ if n all ( ! aborig9es f ,canada to ,patagonia8#beh ,b n only may x be presum$ t !y _h an aff9ity & int]c\rse1 b a common religi\s idea4 ,x may be d\bt$ !n :e!r ev5 ! nak$ ,&aman is s entirely de/itute ( all religi\s impressions z he is suppos$ to be4 #beh ,i f9d1 9 ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 ,no4 #hi1 #ahff1 p4 #bg1 t corpses 9 a sitt+ po/ure 7 f\nd "u ! long cromle*s 9 ,s\? ,jutl&4 ,i h already urg$ t if any ve/iges ( religion rema9 !y mu/ be consid]$ z evid5ce ( tradition & pro( ( deg5]acy4 ,i ?9k ! foll[+ reflection w t5d to cl5* ?is argum5t4 ,al?\gh x is obscure & disput$ to :at ext5t c]ta9 savages d reta9 glimm]+s ( religion1 x is c]ta9 & admitt$ t "s savages h religion & a religi\s c]emonial4 ,n[1 z ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock says1 ,h[1 = in/ance1 c a p :o are unable to c\nt ^u _! f+]s possibly raise _! m9ds s f> z to admit ev5 ! rudim5ts ( religion4 ,x is cle>1 !n1 t ! l[e/ grade ( mank9d did n inv5t x1 h[ !n did ! high] grade get x1 assum+ always ! unity ( ! human race8 ,f9ally1 if man comm5c$ ) ! k ( ! devil1 h[ did !y proce$ on to ! idea ( ,god8 ,! fir/ idea ( a ,god is almo/ always z an evil _s 7,lubbock1 p4 #dfh74 ,h[ !n did !y advance to ! k ( ! ,god ( purity & love1 or ev5 ( ! ,great ,_s ( ! ,indians8#bei #bei ,vide ,dr ,newman's ,gramm> ( ,ass5t1 p4 #chf1 et seq4 ,let u at lea/ "k :e!r x is suppos$ t ?is 0 ! ord] ( k orda9$ by ,div9e ,provid5ce1 or :e!r x is believ$ t man 9 ?is mann] develop$ ! idea ( ,god out ( 8 own consci\sness1 8 primitive1 or p]haps innate1 idea be+1 ! conception ( evil & ( ! evil _s4#bfj ,sir ,john says 7p4 #dhg71 ,!re are no j gr\nds = expect+ man to be ev] endu$ ) a six? s5se4 ,b :y n8 ,if by 8 own m5tal vig\r he c out ( ! primitive idea ( evil g5]ate ! idea ( good--:at may we n expect8 #bfj ,p] contra1 ,i invite ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock's att5tion to ! foll[+ passage f ,mr ,glad/one's ,hom] 7ii4 #dd71 ,z ! d]ivative idea ( s9 dep5d$ ^u t ( goodness1 & z ! %ad[ ceases to be visible :5 ! object %ad[$ has become m dim1 we might well expect t ! contraction & obscuration ( ! true idea ( goodness w\ld br+ ab\t a m ?an proportionate loss ( k conc]n+ ! true nature ( evil4 ,! imp]sonation ( evil c\ld only be upheld 9 a lively or effectual mann] z ! opposite ( ! imp]sonation ( good2 & :5 ! moral /&>d ( ,godhead _h s greatly deg5]at$1 z we f9d to be ! case ev5 9 ! works ( ,hom]1 ! negation ( t /&>d c\ld n b cease to be ei!r int]e/+ or intelligible4 ,accord+ly we f9d t ! process ( dis9tegration1 foll[$ by t ( arbitr>y reassortm5t & comb9ation ( elem5ts1 _h proce$$ to a m advanc$ /age ) respect to ! tradition ( ! evil "o ?an 9 ! o!r cases4 ,yet1 if any "o w comp>e ! evid5ce :i* ,sir ,john has collect$1 he w come1 ,i ?9k1 to ! conclusion1 t ! inv5tion & adaptability ( ! savage is v slight inde$4 ,he w f9d 7p4 #cej7 t ! inhabitants ( ,botany ,bay _h fi%-hooks1 b no nets2 ^? ( ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 nets b n hooks2 t ^? :o _h ! ?r[+-/ick & boom]ang1 7 ignorant bo? ( sl+s & b[s & arr[s2 t ^? :o _h reta9$ ! k ( ! b[ did n pass on to ! use ( ! bola2 t ! nor!rn tribes visit$ by ,kane 7 skilful 9 ! capture ( birds ) nets1 yet 7 entirely ignorant ( fi%+ 7#deb72 t ! ne>e/ approa* to ! ,s\? ,am]ican bola is among ! ,esquimaux 7#dej72 t ! ?r[+-/ick is common only to ! widely di/ant ,esquimaux1 ,au/ralians1 & "s ( ! ,brazilian tribes 7id472 t ! sumpitan or bl[pipe ( ! ,malays occurs only 9 ! valley ( ! ,amazons4 ,does n ?is po9t to a traditional k ( ^! ?+s8 ,nev]!less1 ?is mass ( evid5ce seems to h produc$ ! v opposite conviction ) ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 f a review ( all ^! & o!r simil> facts :i* might h be5 m5tion$1 x seems to me mo/ probable t _m ( ! simpl] weapons1 implem5ts1 c41 h be5 inv5t$ indep5d5tly by v>i\s savage tribes1 al?\gh !re are no d\bt also cases 9 :i* !y h be5 borr[$ by "o tribe f ano!r 7p4 #dea74 ,in/ances 9 :i* !y h be5 borr[$ f ea* o!r are n infrequ5t1 b !n nei!r are !y inconsi/5t ) ! !ory ( tradition2 b ! in/ances ( inv5tion are limit$ to "o4 7,see = in/ance p4 #cid47 ,at p4 #cid we f9d--,al?\gh !y 7! ,esquimaux7 _h no k ( pott]y1 ,capta9 ,cook saw at ,unala%ka vessels ( flat /one1 ) sides ( clay1 n unlike a /&+ pye4 ,we "h obta9 an idea ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! k ( pott]y may h be5 develop$4 ,aft] us+ clay to raise ! sides ( _! /one vessels1 x w\ld naturally occur to !m1 t ! same sub/ance w\ld s]ve = ! bottom also1 & ?us ! use ( /one might be replac$ by a m conv5i5t mat]ial4 ,recollect+ h[ roa/ pig came to be discov]$1 x _c be said to be impossible t pott]y may ?us h be5 inv5t$2 b 9 ?is in/ance x might equally h be5 ! r\gh sub/itute = ! pott]y ( _! recollection4 ,besides1 ! pro( is want+ t !y ev] did pass on to ! inv5tion ( pott]y4 ,x may1 = any?+ we "k to ! contr>y1 be 9 ?is in*oate /ate among/ !m /ill4 ,n[1 until fur!r evid5ce is =?com+1 ,i %all take ! lib]ty ( ma9ta9+ t savages seem to %[ no inv5tive faculty or p[] ( recov]y 9 !mselves4#bfa ,:atev] !y possess seems to be limit$ to :at !y h reta9$ ( primitive civilisation1 & :at !y h reta9$ ( civilisation seems exactly 9 proportion to :at !y h reta9$ ( primitive religion4 #bfa ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock 7,pre-hi/oric ,times1 p4 #ccg7 says1 ,! l>ge/ erection 9 ,tahiti 0 con/ruct$ by ! g5]ation liv+ at ! "t ( ,capta9 ,cook's visit1 & ! practice ( cannibalism _h be5 rec5tly ab&on$4 ,= ^! /atem5ts he ref]s to ,=/]1 ,obs]vations made dur+ a ,voyage r\nd ! ,_w1 p4 #cbg1 a "w ,i h n at h&1 & also ,ellis1 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 ii4 p4 #bi4 ,i h made ! ref]5ce to ! latt]1 b ,i d n f9d a syllable ab\t cannibalism2 & z to ! o!r po9t ,ellis says1 ,9 ! bottom ( e valley1 ev5 to ! recesses 9 ! m\nta9s 444 /one pavem5ts ( _! dwell+s & c\rty>ds1 f\ndations ( h\ses & ru9s ( family temples1 are num]\s4444 ,all ^! relics are ( ! same k9d z ^? obs]v$ among ! nations at ! "t ( _! discov]y1 evid5tly prov+ t !y belong to ! same race1 ?\gh to a m popul\s era ( _! hi/ory4 ,i draw att5tion to ?is inadv]t5ce1 z ! above in/ances 7two7 are ! mo/ important ( ! f\r :i* ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock adduces 9 support ( 8 view4 ,vide ,app5dix4 ,9 support+ ?is proposition ,i %all h>dly h occasion to g beyond ! f\r corn]s ( ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock's ,pre-hi/oric ,times4 ,x is inde$ a moot po9t ) ! travell]s & e?nologi/s :o h giv5 _! att5tion to ! subject1 :i* race ( savages is ! l[e/ 9 ! scale ( civilisation4 ,9 ?is competitive exam9ation a concurr5ce ( op9ion seems to decide 9 fav\r ( ! ,fuegian1 :o at any rate is mis]able en\gh1 liv+1 :5 bett] food fails him1 on raw & putrid fle%1 ek$ out ) cannibalism2 & ^: clo?+ 79 ,c5tral ,fuego7 consi/s 9 a scrap ( ott] sk91 ab\t z l>ge z a pocket h&k]*ief1 lac$ across ! brea/ ) /r+s1 & %ift$ accord+ to ! w9d 7,d>w91 apud ,lubbock74 ,_! religion1 z we h j se51 consi/s 9 a vague appreh5sion ( ! black man :o lives up 9 ! woods--& _! pray] is some?+ slightly elevat$ above ! h[l ( ! wolf4 ,_! civilisation1 !re=e1 l _! religion1 may be consid]$ to be at a m9imum4 ,! ,au/ralians h be5 call$ ! mis]able/ p 9 ! _w 7p4 #dde74 ,!y are said to h no religion or any k9d ( pray]1 b mo/ ( !m believe 9 evil spirits1 & all h a dread ( wit*craft 7p4 #cec74 ,"h aga9 we see _! civilisation degrad$ p>i-passu ) _! religi\s belief--s1 too1 ) ! ,&aman 7vide supra7 & ! ,tasmanian 7p4 #cee74 ,:51 h[ev]1 we come to ! inhabitants ( ! ,feegee ,isl&s1 n greatly diff]5t f ! p surr\nd+ !m1 _! *>act]i/ics1 mann]s1 & cu/oms be+ p>tly ,nigrito & p>tly ,polynesian1 al?\gh 9 ! matt] ( cannibalism !y are simply horrible1 & eat _! k9d1 n on any high notion t !y are appropriat+ ! _s & glory ( him :om !y dev\r 7vide ,lubbock1 #cga71 b f a repulsive pref]5ce2 yet !y h a di/9ct notion ( religion1 ) temples1 & c]emonies1 & we are told !y look d[n ^u ! ,samoans because !y _h no religion4 ,well1 we f9d ! ,feegeeans 9 a /ate ( mat]ial civilisation exactly correspond+--!y live 9 well built h\ses1 #bj to #cj feet long & #ae feet high1 9 =tifi$ t[ns1 ) e>!n ramp>ts1 surm\nt$ by a re$ f5ce1 c4 ,_! temples 7 pyramidal 9 =m1 & 7 (t5 erect$ on t]rac$ m\nds l ^? ( ,c5tral ,am]ica 7p4 #ceg74 ,!y _h effici5t weapons1 agricultural implem5ts1 well-con/ruct$ canoes1 & 7p4 #cgb7 pott]y4#bfb #bfb ,! ,duke ( ,argyll1 balanc+ ! conclusions ( ,ar*bi%op ,:ately & ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock 7,primeval ,man1 p4 #aci71 says1 ,:ately defies ! support] ( ,developm5t to produce a s+le case ( savages hav+ rais$ !mselves4 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock replies by defy+ 8 oppon5t to %[ t x has n be5 done & done (t54 ,he urges1 & urges z x seems to me ) tru?1 t ! great difficulty ( tea*+ _m savages ! arts ( civilis$ life1 is no pro( :atev] t ! v>i\s degrees ( advance t[>ds ! k ( ^? arts :i* are actually f\nd among semi-b>b>\s nations may n h be5 ( /rictly indig5\s gr[?4 ,?us x appe>s t "o tribe ( r$ ,indians call$ ,m&ans practis$ ! art ( =tify+ _! t[ns4 ,surr\nd+ tribes1 al?\gh !y saw ! advantage d]iv$ f ?is art1 yet nev] practis$ x1 & nev] le>n$ x4 ,s f> z to ! fact4 ,! ,duke ( ,argyll cont9ues ! argum5t on ! side ( ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock4 ,b :at ,i wi% to indicate is t ?is crucial in/ance ( ! ,m&ans may be triumphantly adduc$ 9 support ( my proposition4 ,:y1 ^! are ! v ,m&ans among :om ,catl9 & ! ,pr9ce ,maxmilian ( ,neuwi$ discov]$ ! curi\s commemorative c]emony ( ! ,deluge6 ,vide *4 xi4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we come to ! ,tahitians we f9d a v high /ate ( civilisation4 ,( _! religion x is said--,t ?\gh !y wor%ipp$ num]\s deities1 & sometimes sacrific$ to !m1 yet !y 7 n idolators4 ,capta9 ,cook f\nd _! religion1 l t ( mo/ o!r c\ntries1 involv$ 9 my/]y & p]plex$ ) app>5t inconsi/5cies4 ,!y _h a prie/hood 7p4 #chg74 ,!y believ$ 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 & 9 two situations ( diff]5t degrees ( happ9ess some:at analog\s to our heav5 & hell1 ?\gh n reg>d$ z places ( rew>d & puni%m5t2 b ! "o int5d$ '= ! *ief & sup]ior classes1' '! o!r = ! p ( inf]ior rank4' ,?is is sub/antially ,capta9 ,cook's acc\nt ( ! ,tahitians1 & all[+ x to be exact1 al?\gh ,i h a suspicion t a mission>y w\ld h put x some:at diff]5tly1#bfc x %[s a comp>ative /ate ( religion v mu* elevat$ above any?+ we h yet se54 ,!y _h besides curi\s cu/oms1 su* z t ( eat+ ap>t4 ,!y ate alone1 !y said1 because x 0 "r1 b :y x 0 "r !y 7 unable to expla9--a cu/om :i* is common to !m ) ! ,ba*ap9s 7p4 #chd71 7:o1 by ! way1 are also among ! races classifi$ z ( no religion74 ,al?\gh ! inhabitants ( ,tahiti pres5t to u a mu* high] /&>d ( religion & morality ?an we h yet met )1 also !y1 on ! :ole1 may be tak5 z repres5t+ ! highe/ /age 9 civilisation to :i* man has 9 any c\ntry rais$ himself1 be=e ! discov]y or introduction ( metallic implem5ts 7,lubbock1 p4 #cgb74 #bfc ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 ,i h ref]r$ to ,wallis & ,b\ga9ville4 ,wallis c\ld n discov] t ^! p _h any k9d ( religi\s wor%ip among !m4 ,b\ga9ville says t _! pr9cipal deity is call$ ',e9-t-era1' i4e4 'k+ ( light' or '( ! sun'2 besides :om !y ackn[l$ge a numb] ( inf]ior div9ities1 "s ( :om produce evil & o!rs good2 t ! g5]al "n = ^! m9i/]+ spirits is ,eatona2 & t ! natives suppose two ( ^! div9ities att5d ea* affair ( consequ5ce 9 human life1 det]m9+ its fate ei!r advantage\sly or o!rwise4 ,to "o circum/ance our au?or speaks 9 decisive t]ms4 ,he says1 :5 ! moon exhibits a c]ta9 aspect :i* be>s ! "n ( ',malama ,tamai' 7! moon is 9 a /ate ( w>71 ! natives (f] up human sacrifices4444 ,:5 any "o sneezes1 8 companions cry out ',eva-rona-t-eatona1' i4e4 ',may ! good g5ius awak5 !e1' or ',may n ! evil g5ius lull !e asleep4' ,capta9 ,k+ 7,j\rnal ( ,transactions on return+ to ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 c41 ,p9k]ton1 xi4 #gcg7 says ( ! ,s&wi* ,isl&]s1 ,! religion ( ^! p resembles 9 mo/ ( its pr9cipal features t ( ! ,society & ,fri5dly ,isl&s4 ,_! morais1 _! :attas1 _! idols1 _! sacrifices1 & _! sacr$ songs1 all ( :i* !y h 9 common ) ea* o!r1 are conv9c+ pro(s t _! religi\s notions are d]iv$ f ! same s\rce4 ,x is impossible )9 ^! limits to inve/igate e case4 ,i h tak5 ! m sali5t cases1 z in/anc$ by ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1 & contra/$ !m4 ,i n[ wi% to pres5t ! contra/ 9 some:at liveli] =m1 & ,i d n see t ,i c d bett] ?an to pres5t to ! read] two sc5es precisely simil>1 z to sub/ance1 yet "u diff]5t conditions1 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! _w4 ,! fir/ %all be a description ( a :ale a%ore1 by ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock1 among ! ,au/ralians2 & ! second1 a description ( ! same sc5e by ,catl9 7,la/ ,rambles1 c41 among ! ,indians ( ,vanc\v]'s ,isl&74 ,i mu/ preface t ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock says t ! ,au/ralians h no religion nor any idea ( pray]1 b mo/ ( !m believe 9 evil spirits1 & all h great dread ( wit*craft 7p4 #cec74 ,! foll[+ is ! sc5e to :i* ,i ref]3-- ,!y are n1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 able to kill :ales = !mselves1 b :5 "o is wa%$ on %ore x is a real gods5d to !m4 ,fires are imm$iately lit to give notice ( ! joyful ev5t4444 ,= days !y rema9 by ! c>case1 rubb$ f head to foot ) ! /9k+ blubb]1 gorg$ to repletion ) putrid meat1 out ( temp] f indige/ion1 & !re=e engag$ 9 con/ant frays1 suff]+ f a cont9u\s disord] f high fe$+1 & altoge!r a disgu/+ spectacle4--,capt4 ,grey1 apud ,lubbock1 p4 #cdg4 ,?is is "o picture2 n[ = ! o!r4 ,x may be said t x is only ! diff]5t idiosyncrasies ( ! writ]s transf]r$ to _! pages--t "o is ! n>rative ( ,jean qui pleure1 c41 or ( ! mdic9 tant pis1 c42 b ,i d n ?9k s4 ,mr ,catl9 premises by tell+ u t ! sc5e occurr$ :5 on a visit ) ! *ief ( ! ,klah-o-gnats1 ( :om he says t he knew at fir/ sight by 8 actions t he 0 a *ief1 & by ! expression ( 8 face t he 0 a good man1 & :om 8 companion describ$ z a v f9e old fell[2 t man is a g5tleman2 ,i'd tru/ myself any:]e ) t man4 ,( _! religion1 ! *ief himself told ,catl9 t on t we/]n coa/ ( ,vanc\v]'s ,isl& !y all believ$ 9 a ,great ,_s1 :o creat$ !m & all ?+s1 & t !y all h times & places :5 & :]e !y pray to t ,_s1 t he may n be angry ) !m4 ,"o day came ! />tl+ ann\ncem5t t a :ale 0 a%ore4 ,! sight 0 impos+ :5 we came ne> to x1 b n until we came ar\nd x on ! %ore side _h ,i any idea ( ! sc5e ,i 0 to witness4 ,"s hundr$s1 if n ?\s&s ( ,indians1 ( all ages & sexes1 & 9 all col\rs1 7 ga!r$ ar\nd x1 & o!rs con/antly arriv+4 ,"s 7 ly+1 o!rs /&+ & sitt+ 9 gr\ps2 "s 7 asleep & o!rs eat+ & dr9k+1 & o!rs 7 s++ & danc+4 ,! mon/] 0 secur$ by tw5ty or ?irty h>poons1 to :i* ropes 7 atta*$4 ,^! 7 wat*$1 & at e lift ( a wave mov+ ! mon/] ne>] ! %ore1 !y 7 tight5$ on ! h>poons1 & at l[ tide ! c>cass is left on dry l&1 a great di/ance f ! wat]4444 ,! dissection ( ?is mon/r\s creature1 & its di/ribution among/ ! ?\s&s :o w\ld yet be a day or two 9 gett+ toge!r1 ! int]pret] in=m$ u1 w\ld n be comm5c$ until all ! claimants arriv$4 ,sev]al imm5se baskets _h be5 br\ght 9 :i* to c>ry away ! blubb]4 ,! possession ( ^! baskets made all ! diff]5ce 9 ! sc5e :i* foll[$4 ,to "s ?is w be a suffici5t explanation4 ,h[1 !n1 did ! o!rs come to "k no?+ ( baskets8 ,truly !re are p :o _c be made to see ! effect ( "* ^u clov]4 ,i rely1 h[ev]1 ^u ! broad l9es ( ! contra/4 ,! abs5ce 9 ?is latt] sc5e ( ! disgu/+ sights above s graphically describ$--_! quick use ( ! h>poons--& ! g5]al ord] & equity ( ! di/ribution4 ,a :ale a%ore1 ,mr ,catl9 says 7,la/ ,rambles1 p4 #aje71 is surely a gift f heav5 = ^! poor p1 & !y receive x & use x z su*4 ,:il/ quot+ f ,catl91 ,i mu/ be all[$ to ref] my read]s to ! v /rik+ pro( 7p4 #bdh7 he incid5tally af=ds ( ! !ory ( deg5]acy 9 8 comp>ative illu/ration ( ! heads ( ! alto & bas ,p]uvian1 & ( ! ,cr[ & mod]n ,fla!ad3-- ,! ,cr[ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & ! alto-,p]uvian ( ! ,&es1 be+ ! two great orig9al f\nta9s ( ,am]ican man1 to :om all ! tribes po9t z _! orig91 & on :om1 ( c\rse1 all ! tribes h look$ z ! beau ideals ( ! ,indian race4 ,! ,fla!ad 7lett] c71 aim+ at ! ,cr[ skull 7l ! copyi/s ( mo/ fa%ions71 has c>ri$ ! copy into a c>icature2 & ! ,bas-,p]uvian 7d71 aim+ at ! elevat$ frontal ( ! m\nta9 regions1 has squeez$ 8 up ) circul> b&ages to equally mon/r\s proportions4 ,also vide ,prescott's ,mexico1 ii4 #dic1 #f? ed41 #ahej4 ,anatomi/s also h disc]n$ 9 crania dis9t]r$ f ! m\nds1 & 9 ^? ( ! inhabitants ( ! high pla9s ( ! ,cordill]as an obvi\s diff]5ce f ^? ( ! m b>b>\s tribes4 ,?is is se5 especially 9 ! ampl] =ehead1 intimat+ a decid$ intellectual sup]iority4444 ,su* is ! conclusion ( ,dr ,w>r51 ^: excell5t collection has af=d$ him ample means = /udy & comp>ison4 ,be=e quitt+ ?is subject ,i mu/ revive a "q :i* ,i ?9k ,sir ,john ,lubbock w admit1 if he turns to ! evid5ce disp]s$ 9 8 pages1 is at pres5t involv$ 9 "s obscurity4 ,x is simply ?is1 ,h[ did ! savage come by ! k ( fire8 ,sir ,john ,lubbock sugge/s 7p4 #dgc7 t 9 mak+ fl9t in/rum5ts sp>ks w\ld be produc$2 9 poli%+ !m x w\ld n fail to be obs]v$ t !y became hot1 & 9 ?is way x is easy to see h[ ! two me?ods ( obta9+ fire may h orig9at$4444 ,9 obta9+ fire two totally diff]5t me?ods are foll[$2 "s savages1 z = in/ance ! ,fuegians1 us+ p]cussion1 :ile o!rs1 z ! ,s\?-,sea ,isl&]s1 rub "o piece ( wood aga9/ ano!r4444 ,op9ions are divid$ :e!r we h any tru/wor?y record ( a p )\t ! means ( obta9+ fire 7p4 #dec74 ,to ?is po9t ,i %all recur4 ,i w n[ give ,sir ,john's quotation f ,mr ,dove3 ,al?\gh fire 0 well kn[n to !m 7! ,tasmanians71 "s tribes at lea/ appe> to h be5 ignorant :5ce x 0 orig9ally obta9$1 or h[1 if ext+ui%$1 x c\ld be relight$4 ,9 all _! w&]+s1 says ,mr ,dove1 !y 7 p>ticul>ly c>eful to be> 9 _! h&s ! mat]ials = k9dl+ a fire4 ,_! memory supplies !m ) no in/ances ( a p]iod 9 :i* !y 7 oblig$ to draw ^u _! inv5tive p[]s = ! means ( resuscitat+ an elem5t s ess5tial to _! heal? & com=t z flame4 ,h[ x came orig9ally into _! possession is unkn[n4 ,:e!r x may be view$ z ! gift ( nature or ! product ( art & sagacity1 !y _c recollect a p]iod :5 x 0 a desid]atum 7,tasmanian ,j\rnal ( ,natural ,sci5ce1 i4 #bej1 apud ,lubbock1 p4 #cee74bfd #bfd ,! ,popul ,vul 7pp4 #bbc-bbg1 ,p>is1 #ahfa1 vide ,b>+ ,g\ld1 ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,religi\s ,belief1 p4 #chc7 gives an in/ance--or embodies a rem9isc5ce--( a p :o _h lo/ ! tradition ( fire4 ,!n arriv$ ! tribes p]i%+ ) cold1 444 & all ! tribes 7 ga!r$1 %iv]+ & quak+ ) cold1 :5 !y came be=e ! lead]s ( ! ,ini*es4444 ,great 0 _! mis]y4 ',w y n compassionate u1' !y ask$2 'we ask only a little fire4 ,7 we n all "o1 & ) "o c\ntry1 :5 we 7 fir/ creat$8 ,h pity on u4' ',:at w y give u t we %\ld compassionate y1' 0 ! answ] made to !m4444 ,x 0 answ]$1 ',we w inquire ( ,tohil' 7_! fire-god72 & !n foll[s ! horrible condition ( human sacrifices to be (f]$ to _! fire-god ,tohil1 ) ref]5ce to :i* ,mr ,b4 ,g\ld quotes x4 ,vide supra1 p4 #ha1 tradition among ! ,si\x ,indians1 ( fire hav+ be5 s5t to !m f heav5 aft] ! ,deluge4 ,9 ,cold5's ,five ,indian ,nations1 p4 #afg1 ,i f9d an ,indian *ief says3 ,n[ be=e ! ,*ri/ians arriv$1 ! g5]al c\ncil ( ! ,five ,nations 0 held at ,onondaga1 :]e !re has f ! ,beg9n+ a cont9ual fire be5 kept burn+2 x is made ( two great logs1 ^: fire nev] ext+ui%es4 ,n[1 if x is a t5able op9ion--& at lea/ ^! are ! /atem5ts ( ,fa!r ,gobi51 & ( ,alv>o de ,saav$ra1 & ( ,commodore ,wilkes1 to ^: te/imony ,i %all rev]t1 t !re are "s tribes :o are unacqua9t$ ) fire--t !re are "s :o h & "s :o h n ! art ( rek9dl+ fire1 !n arises ! "q :e!r ^? :o h x n h lo/ ! art1 or :e!r ^? :o n[ possess x inv5t$ x4 ,if !y did n inv5t x1 !y mu/ h held x z a tradition1 until1 rea*+ a l[] po9t ( degradation /ill1 !y lo/ x4 ,mr ,dove's te/imony to ?is effect is v /rong4 ,:at an emblem t nev]-ext+ui%$ tor* ( primitive tradition6 ,we f9d ! same tradition among ! ,am]ican ,indians4 ,! ,*ippeways & ,nat*ez tribes are said to h an in/itution = keep+ up a p]petual fire1 c]ta9 p]sons be+ set aside & devot$ to ?is occupation 7,lubbock1 p4 #dba74 ,freyc9et c]ta9ly decl>es t ,p] ,gobi5's /atem5t1 t ! inhabitants ( ! ,ladrone 7 totally unacqua9t$ ) fire until ,magellan burnt "o ( _! villages1 to be entirely )\t f\ndation4 ,! language1 he says1 ( ! inhabitants conta9s words = fire1 burn+1 *>coal1 ov51 grill+1 boil+1 c4 ,aga91 z aga9/ ,commodore ,wilkes' ass]tion z an eye-witness1 t he saw no appe>ance ( fire 9 ! isl& ( ,fakaafo1 & t ! natives 7 v mu* al>m$ :5 !y saw sp>ks /ruck f fl9t & /eel1 we are told t ,hale gives a li/ ( ,faakaafo words 9 :i* we f9d asi = fire 7,lubbock1 p4 #ded74 ,h[ev]1 ,sir ,john does n attribute to ?is argum5t ! same =ce t ,mr ,tylor does1 z asi is evid5tly ! same ^w z ! ,new ,zeal& ahi1 :i* d5otes light & heat z well z fire4#bfe ,if1 !n1 we h positive evid5ce t !y h n ! ?+ 7,wilkes71 & also evid5ce t !y h ! ^w 7vide note71 does n ?is prove t x is a tradition :i* !y h lo/8 & is !re n ! presumption t !y h lo/ x ?r\gh deg5]acy8 #bfe ,i f9d1 9 ,falkn]'s ,description ( ,patagonia1 c41 #aggd 7,falkn] resid$ ne> #dj #g' 9 ^? p>ts71 t 9 ! vocabul>y ( ! ,molu*es1 al?\gh ! ^w = 'fire' is 'k'tal1' ! ^w = 'hot' is 'asee1' 'cold' '*osea4' ,b ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock admits asi is ! same ^w z ahi1 & if ahi d5otes light & heat1 x also signifies fire4 ,%\ld we n expect1 at lea/ ought x to cause surprise1 t ! ^w = fire1 :]e pov]ty ( language may be presum$1 %\ld /& also = light & heat8 ,9 ! ,&aman vocabul>y 7,e>l's ,papuans7 ahay is _! ^w = ! sun--9 :i* ! two s5ses seem to comb9e4 ,9 ,%ortl&'s ,comp4 ,table ( ,polynesian ,dialects 7,traditions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s71 ,i f9d ahi means fire1 & n light4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,new ,zeal&4 ,r>atonga4 ,navigator's ,s&wi* ,isl&s 7,savaii74 7,hawaii74 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,fire ,ahi4,c ,ai4 ,afi4 ,ahi4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,c ,& z w\ld appe> f ,%ortl& 7id4 pp4 #ee1 #ef1 ao1 a seem+ly cognate ?\gh n id5tical ^w ) ahi1 is ! ,new ,zeal& ^w = light4 ,b 9 ,b\ga9ville's ,vocabul>y ( ,faiti 7,otaheite7 ,isl&1 ,i f9d aga9 ea1 i4e4 _! ^w = fire1 :]eas _! ^w = light1 n d>kness1 is ,e\rama & ,po day light71 :il/ !y h a di/9ct ^w = hot ,iv]a--,era be+ ! sun4 ,comp>e ,sanscrit aghni ignis1 fire4--,vide ,c>d4 ,wiseman1 ,sci5ce & ,reveal$ ,religion1 p4 #dj1 #e? ed4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,comp>e ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s3-- ,%ut out f ! re/ ( ! _w1 )\t any to set !m a patt]n ( :at 0 "r or to reprove :at 0 wrong1 is x surpris+ t morally !y %\ld h deg5]at$1 ev5 f ! /&>d ( _! =efa!rs8 ,!y 7 n always addict$ to w>1 nei!r 7 !y always cannibals2 ! remembrance ( ! orig9 ( ^! horrid cu/oms is /ill pres]v$ among/ !m4 ,if ! progressive developm5t !ory 7 true1 aborig9al races %\ld h progressively advanc$2 e successive g5]ation %\ld h add$ "s improvem5t to ! "o :i* prec$$ x2 b exp]i5ce proves ! contr>y4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is may be adduc$ 9 ! fact1 t ! ,new ,zeal&]s h retrograd$1 ev5 s9ce ! days ( ,capta9 ,cook2 !y !n possess$ l>ge d\ble canoes1 deck$1 ) h\ses on !m simil> to ^? ( ,tahiti & ,hawaii1 9 :i*1 traditionally1 _! ance/ors arriv$2 x is n[ m ?an half a c5tury s9ce ! la/ 0 se54 ,tradition also /ates t !y _h f9] g>m5ts 9 =m] days & ( diff]5t k9ds2 t1 l _! reput$ ance/ors1 !y made clo? f ! b>k ( trees--! "n is pres]v$1 b ! manufacture has ceas$4 ,!re are rema9s also 9 _! language :i* w\ld lead u to suppose t1 l ! inhabitants ( ,tonga1 !y once possess$ a k+ly =m ( gov]nm5t1 & ?\gh !y h n[ no t]m to express t high (fice1 /ill !y h words :i* are evid5tly d]iv$ f ! v "o d5ot+ a k+ 9 ,tonga4 ,_! traditions1 :i* are pres]v$1 also e/abli% ! same fact1 & p]haps "o ( ! /ronge/ pro(s is _! language2 its fulness1 its ri*ness1 & close aff9ity n only 9 words b 9 gramm> to ! ,sanscrit1 c>ries ! m9d back to a "t :5 lit]ature c\ld n h be5 unkn[n4 ,f ,te ,ika a ,maui1 or ,new ,zeal& & its ,inhabitants1 by ! ,rev4 ,ri*>d ,taylor1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,g4,s41 a ,mission>y 9 ,new ,zeal& = m ?an ?irty ye>s1 pp4 #e1 #f4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,noah ,,& ,,! ,,gold5 ,,age4 ,tak+ z ! basis ( ?is !ory t ! law ( nations =ms "p ( a tradition1 t ! /ream ( ?is tradition has nev] ceas$ to fl[1 & t ! diffusion ( its wat]s has ev] be5 ! s\rce & condition ( fecundity2 & fur!r1 t ?is tradition 9 its ma9 curr5t has run 9 ! *annels :i* ,dr ,newman 7infra1 p4 #cch7 has indicat$--= al?\gh !re are o!r res]voirs1 !y h become /agnant1 & exi/ l ! fre%-wat] lake1 ! ,bahr-i-,n$jig 7vide ,rawl9son's ,anci5t ,mon>*ies1 i4 #ah71 ^: wat]s are fre% & sweet s long z !y communicate ) ! ,euphrates1 b :5 !y are cut (f become unpalatable1 s t ^? :o dwell 9 ! vic9ity are no long] able to dr9k ( x--tak+ ^! v>i\s facts z ! basis1 we come inevitably to ! "q--,:5ce ?is tradition arose1 & ^u :at au?ority & sanction x re/s8 ,9 answ] to ?is ,i d n hesitate to affirm t presumptively x goes back to ! comm5cem5t ( human hi/ory1 & m demon/rably to t comm5cem5t--:i* = hi/orical & practical purposes is suffici5t--! era ( ,noah4 ,i propose n[ to inquire h[ ne> ?is !ory c be br\ght to ! facts4 ,a fair] opportunity c\ld h>dly h be5 af=d$ = asc]ta9+ ! =ce & fulness ( primitive tradition ?an ! discov]y ( ! ,am]ican cont95t2 yet ?is opportunity 0 totally disreg>d$ by ! ,spani% conqu]ors1#bff--r\gh m51 & = ! mo/ "p ! (fsc\r+s ( ,spa91--& its evid5ces 7 b sp>sely & neglig5tly collect$ by ! explor]s ( a diff]5t "* :o foll[$ at a lat] date4 #bff ,! works ( ,g>cilasso de la ,vega1 ,val]a1 ,p4 de ,cieza1 & ,de ,sahagun mu/ be except$4 ,z an in/ance ( ! neglect :i* we h reason to regret1 ! =m] gives an acc\nt ( "o only 7! ,raymi7 ( ! f\r annual fe/ivals ( ! ,p]uvians4--,hakluyt ,soc4 ed4 ii4 #aee4 ,he gives ! "n1 h[ev]1 ( ano!r--namely1 ! ,situa4 ,some?+1 h[ev]1 ( primitive tradition has be5 ?us pres]v$ 7vide ,help's ,spani% ,conque/ ( ,am]ica1 i4 #bgh1 #bhf1 #bij2 ,prescott1 ,mexico1 i4 #ed74 ,inde$1 ! approximation to ! biblical n>rative is s close t ! suspicion w\ld be q reasonable t mission>ies ( :om we h no record _h f\nd _! way to ^! p be=e ! cont95t became kn[n to u2 or t ! p !mselves 7 ( ,jewi% desc5t2 or t !y _h left ! ,asiatic ma9l& subsequ5tly to ! prea*+ ( ,/ ,?omas ! apo/le4 ,manco ,capac 7vide infra71 accord+ to ?is conjecture1 may h be5 "o ( ^! mission>ies2 or x may ev5 be t 9 ! v5]able image :i* ! description calls up we see 9 vision ! apo/le himself4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! description is comp>$ ) ! traditions ,i h collat$ ( a patri>*al "*--/ill m remote & v5]able1 ,him ( mazy c\nsel--,saturn 7,hesiod71 ,i %all ask ! read] to decide :e!r ! m improbable conjecture1 measur$ accord+ to "t & di/ance1 has n ! great] weight ( evid5ce4 ,i proce$ to place 9 juxtaposition a recapitulation ( ! classical & ori5tal traditions1 & ! quotations f ,helps above ref]r$ to4 ,"o peculi> circum/ance1 z ,humboldt rem>ks1 is v mu* to be not$ 9 ! anci5t records & traditions ( ! ,indian nations4 ,9 no less ?an ?ree rem>kable in/ances has sup]ior civilisation be5 attribut$ to ! sudd5 pres5ce among/ !m ( p]sons diff]+ f !mselves 9 appe>ance & desc5t4 ,z to ! argum5t to be d]iv$ f col\r & appe>ance1 vide supra1 p4 #gi4 ,bo*ica1 a :ite man ) a be>d1 appe>$ to ! ,mozca ,indians 9 ! pla9s ( ,bogota1 taught !m h[ to build & to s[1 =m$ !m into communities1 gave an outlet to ! wat]s ( ! great lake comp>e supra1 p4 #gj1 ,*ronology1 & hav+ settl$ ! gov]nm5t1 civil & ecclesia/ical1 retir$ into a mona/ic /ate ( p5it5ce = two ?\s& ye>s4#bfg #bfg ,probably a tradition ( ! p5it5ce ( ,adam4 ,9 l mann] ,manco ,capac1 accompani$ by 8 si/] ,mama ,ocllo1 desc5d$ among/ ! ,p]uvians1 gave !m a code ( admirable laws1 r$uc$ !m into communities1 & !n asc5d$ to 8 fa!r ! ,sun4#bfh 7,a confusion ) ! tradition ( ,eno*1 p>allel to ! l confusion 9 ! p]son ( ,xisu?rus1#bfi unmi/akably id5tifi$ ) ,noah 9 ! ,babylonian tradition47 #bfh ,"h1 ! admixture ( sun-wor%ip1 z id5tify+ ! my?ology at any rate ) ! ,hamitic & ,cu?ite1 directly militates 9 fav\r ( my view aga9/ ! conjecture t ,manco ,capac 0 a mission>y4 #bfi ,vide also ! l confus$ tradition ( ,nimrod 7,assyria7 & ,m5es 7,egypt71 ,buns51 p4 #aib4 ,among/ ! ,mexicans !re sudd5ly appe>$ ,quetzalcohuatl1 ! gre5-fea!r$ 7i4e4 elegant7 snake 7comp>e ) ,*aldan fi%-god1 p4 #aii71 a :ite & be>d$ man ( broad br[1 dress$ 9 /range dress1 a legislator :o recomm5d$ sev]e p5ances1 lac]at+ 8 own body ) ! prickles ( ! agave & ! ?orns ( ! cactus1 b :o dissuad$ 8 foll[]s f human sacrifices4 ,:ile he rema9$ 9 ,anahuana x 0 a ,saturnian reign2 b ?is great legislator1 aft] mov+ on to ! pla9s ( ,*olulas1 & gov]n+ ! ,*olulans ) wisdom1 pass$ away to a di/ant c\ntry if ?is looks m l ! movem5t among !m ( "s apo/olic mission>y1 x is also 9 keep+ ) ! j\rney ( ,bac*us1 travell+ ?r\gh all nations1 c41 & 0 nev] he>d ( m4 ,x is said briefly ( him1 t he orda9$ sacrifices ( fl[]s & fruit1 & /opp$ 8 e>s1 :5 he 0 spok5 to ( w>4#bgj ,su* a sa9t is ne$$ 9 all times1 ev5 9 ! pres5t advanc$ /ate ( civilisation 9 ! old _w4#bga--;,help's ,spani% ,conque/ ( ,am]ica1 i4 #bhf4 #bgj ,if an id5tity has be5 e/abli%$ betwe5 ,quetzalcohuatl & ,manco ,capac 7vide ,prescott ,conque/ ( ,p]u1 i4 #i71 x w appe> t ?is legislator1 :o %ut 8 e>s :5 he 0 spok5 to ( w>1 did nev]!less leave !m admirable maxims 7comp>e ) ,indian 7,aryan7 maxims1 p4 #djj7 & laws ( w>1 e4g4 ,prescott1 ,p]u1 p4 #fi4 ,comp>e extract f ,davies--vide supra1 preface4 ,! ,p]uvian soldi] 0 =bidd5 to commit any trespass on ! prop]ty ( ! inhabitants ^: t]ritory lay 9 ! l9e ( m>*4 ,f ! mom5t w> 0 proclaim$1 c41 9 e /age ( ! w> he 0 op5 to propositions = peace1 & al?\gh he s\ght to r$uce 8 enemies by c>ry+ (f _! h>ve/s & de/ress+ !m by fam9e1 ! ,p]uvian mon>* all[$ 8 troops to commit no unnecess>y outrage on p]son or prop]ty4 ,x is n to ! po9t t ^! rules 7 n always obs]v$4 #bga ,comp>e supra1 p4 #bja1 note to ,man\ 7,bac*us74 ,i h %[n 7p4 #baa7 t ,calmet 7& o!r au?orities ( ! same date might be adduc$7 id5tifies ,saturn ) ,noah4 ,among o!r pro(s he po9ts to ! tradition ( ,saturn dev\r+ 8 *ildr5 7) ! exception ( ?ree71 z a di/ort$ tradition ( ! de/ruction ( mank9d accord+ to ! pr$iction ( ,noah1 ^u ! canon ( int]pretation1 t m5 are said (t5 to d :at !y d n prev5t1 or ev5 :at !y pr$ict4 ,i h also %[n t ?is conjecture receives atte/ation f a fragm5t ( ,san*onia?on's 7,pho5ician71important :e!r reg>d$ z a m anci5t p>allel tradition1 or z ! same tradition ne>] ! f\nta9-head4 ,)\t recapitulat+ ! o!r po9ts ( resemblance 7vide *4 x471 let u comp>e :at is said ( ,saturn ) :at is said ( ,bo*ica1 ,manco ,capac1 c4 ,"u ,saturn1 says ,plut>*1 0 ! gold5 age4 ,saturn is repres5t$ ) a scy!1 z ! inv5tor ( agriculture4 ,virgil 7n4 viii4 #cae7 describes ,saturn z br++ ! disp]s$ p f ! m\nta9s & giv+ !m laws4 ,i h also drawn att5tion to ! ,saturnalia z connect+ ,bac*us ) ,saturn4 ,n[ ,cic]o tells u t "o ,bac*us 0 k+ ( ,asia1 & au?or ( laws call$ ,subazian2 & ,bac*us is also said to h travell$ ?r\gh all nations do+ good1 9 all places1 & tea*+ _m ?+s pr(itable to ! life ( man4 ,noah has also be5 id5tifi$ ) ,janus1 & "u ,janus z "u ,saturn 0 ! gold5 age2 & x is1 moreov]1 said 7vide p4 #bah71 t 9 ! "t ( ,janus all families 7 full ( religion & hol9ess4 ,he is said to h be5 ! fir/ t built temples & in/itut$ sacr$ rites1 & 0 !re=e always m5tion$ at ! beg9n+ ( sacrifices4 ,?is1 9 common ) :at is said ( ,quetzalcohuatl is aga9 possibly a comb9$ tradition ( ,eno* & ,noah4 ,let bo? ^! traditions be comp>$ ) ,b]osus' acc\nt ( ,hoa1 or ! fi%-god 7vide ,rawl9son1 ,anct4 ,mon4 i4 p4 #aee1 & supra1 p4 #bch74 ,he is said to h transmitt$ to mank9d ! k ( gramm> & ma!matics1 & ( all arts 7or ( any k9d ( art71 & ( ! polity ( cities1 ! con/ruction & d$ication ( temples1 ! introduction ( laws1 to h taught !m geometry1 & to h %[n !m by example1 ! mode ( s[+ ! se$ & ga!r+ ! fruits ( ! e>?2 & along ) !m to h tradat$ all ! secrets :i* t5d to h>monise life4 ,& no "o else 9 t "t 0 f\nd s exp]i5c$ z he4#bgb #bgb ,comp>e ) ,g54 vi4 #ah1 viii4 #ae1 ,& ,god spoke to ,noe1 say+2 also vi4 #ac1 ix4 #h2 & ,g54 viii4 #bj--;,& ,noe built an alt> unto ! ,"l1 & tak+ ( all cattle2 & ix4 #bj--;,& ,noe1 a husb&man1 began to till ! gr\nd1 & plant$ a v9ey>d4 ,also ,ecclesia/icus xliv4 #a1 #c1 #d1 #ai1 ,! cov5ants ( ! _w 7 made ) him4 ,comp>e also ) ! ,oracula ,sybill9a1 supra1 p4 #bcg4 ,9 ! traditions1 h[ev]1 :i* connect ,noah ) ! ,saturnian reign1#bgc x appe>s to me t ?reefold confusion has to be dis5tangl$4 #bgc ,x may be well "h to recall to recollection ! well-kn[n l9es ( ,virgil-- ,ultima ,cumi v5it jam c>m9is tas3 ,magnus ab integro seclorum nascitur ordo1 ,jam r$it et ,virgo1 r$eunt ,saturnia regna ,jam nova prog5ies coelo dimittitur alto4 ,eclogues ,,iv4 ,i4 ,!re is a tradition ( a gold5 & ( a silv] age frequ5tly transfus$4 ,,ii4 ,:5 ?us transfus$ !re is (t5 along ) ! tradition ( a gold5 or silv] age trace ( a subord9ate & incongru\s tradition ( a /ate ( nature z a /ate ( b>b>ism--bo? at ! e>ly comm5cem5t ( ?+s4 ,,iii4 ,!re is a d\ble tradition ( ! succession ( ages1 ! "o ante-1 ! o!r po/-diluvian4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i4 ,! tradition ( ! gold5 age is prim>ily ! tradition ( ,p>adise1 to :i* succe$$ 9 gradation ( deg5]acy a silv]1 brass1 & iron age4 ,( ?is l9e ( tradition we h se5 di/9ct trace 9 ,san*onia?on 7supra1 p4 #abg74 ,b !re is also1 z we h j se51 a tradition ( ano!r gold5 age connect$ ) ,saturn1 ,janus1 c41 & ( ?is p]haps we h ! mo/ direct te/imony 9 ! ,*9ese tradition4 ,! ,*9ese traditions1 says ,pr(essor ,rawl9son 7,bampton ,lectures1 ii41 quot+ ,hor ,mos4 iv4 #adg7 are said to be less cle> & decisive 7?an ! ,babylonian74 ,!y speak ( a 'fir/ heav5' & age ( innoc5ce :5 '! :ole creation enjoy$ a /ate ( happ9ess2 :5 ev]y?+ 0 beautiful1 ev]y?+ 0 good2 all ?+s 7 p]fect 9 _! k9d4 ,:]eunto succe$$ a second heav51 introduc$ by a great convulsion1 9 :i* ! pill>s ( heav5 7 brok51 ! e>? %ook to its f\ndations1 ! heav5s sank l[] t[>ds ! nor?1 ! sun1 moon1 & />s *ang$ _! motions1 ! e>? fell to pieces1 & ! wat]s enclos$ )9 its bosom bur/ =? ) viol5ce & ov]fl[$1' c4 ,"h1 !n1 is a tradition ( a second heav51 or a ,saturnian reign1 foll[+ a convulsion :i* w p]haps be conc$$ to be a tradition ( ! univ]sal ,deluge 7vide p4 #bbc71 & :i* l9ks ! tradition ( ! ,saturnian reign ) ! patri>* ,noah8#bgd #bgd ,b\lang] 7,l',antiquit ,devoile1 i4 #aj71 recognises1 al?\gh x p]plexes him1 ! tradition :i* places ! gold & silv] age aft] ! ,deluge-- la suite de cet v5em5t1 les traditions de l'age d'or1 et du regne des ,dieux p>oiss5t encore plus biz>res2 also id4 iii4 #cch2 also #cjh4 ,also #cbh1 ,ce n'e/ donc po9t un tat politique qu'il faut *]*] dans l'age d'or1 ce fut un tat t\t religieux4 ,*aque famille pntre des jugem5s d'en haut1 vecut quelque temps s\s la conduite des pres qui rassembloi5t leurs enfans4 ,x is ?us t ,s5eca depicts ! gold5 age4 ,vide p4 #bca4 ,i ask n[ to be all[$ to look at ! same tradition f a diff]5t po9t ( view4 ,i h else:]e %[n 7p4 #bg7 t accord+ to ! op]ation ( natural causes ev]y?+ 9 ! primitive ages w\ld h l$ to disp]sion1 b h[ev] probable or ev5 c]ta9 ^! conjectures may be1 we "k z a fact t !y did n op]ate 7,g54 xi4 #a1 #c1 #h7 = "s ?ree hundr$ ye>s or m1 probably until aft] ! dea? ( ,noah4 ,does n ?is look z if mank9d 7 kept toge!r = a p]iod1 9 ord] t !y might become settl$ 9 _! ideas & confirm$ 9 _! maxims1 "u ! influ5ce & direction ( ! second fa!r ( mank9d1 ^: direct communications ) ! ,mo/ ,high _h be5 manife/1 & ^: au?ority necess>ily comm&$ univ]sal respect--,him ( mazy c\nsel1 ,saturn8 7,hesiod1 ,!og47#bge #bge ,x might be a suffici5t answ] to say t !y did n op]ate because a miracul\s int]v5tion orda9$ x o!rwise2 b if we seek ! explanation 9 natural causes !y w be f\nd su* z w exactly confirm ! !ory4 ,! causes :i* lead to disp]sion are ! necessities ( ! pa/oral life4 ,if !re1 !n1 0 no disp]sion1 ! conclusion is t dur+ ! ?ree or f\r c5turies aft] ! ,deluge mank9d 7 ma9ly engag$ 9 husb&ry--& ,noe1 a husb&man1 began to till ! gr\nd4 ,b husb&ry is ! fir/ & ess5tial condition ( civilisation4 ,we h se5 t ,mr ,mill1 ,mr ,hepwor? ,dixon1 c41 believe t mank9d sl[ly arriv$ at ?is /age ?r\gh ! int]m$iate /ages ( %eph]d & hunt]4 ,on ! contr>y x w\ld appe> t !y />t$ 9 ?is c>e]4 ,aga91 giv5 ! conditions :i* ,g5esis describes--families liv+ 9 patri>*al subjection to a *ief :o _h ! k ( husb&ry--cultivation w\ld be ! natural consequ5ce2 = ! "o & only h9drance to cultivation1 suppos+ ! k1 is insecurity4 ,mo/ critical ( all are ! causes :i* conduce to agriculture1 agriculture at once ! mo/ fruitful & ! mo/ dang]\s exp$i5ts = life4 ,he :o tills ! soil exposes 8 valuable /ores to ! malice or enmity ( ! :ole _w4 ,any m>aud]1 c4 7,miscell4 by ,francis ,w4 ,newman1 #ahfi74 ,b z ! conditions describ$ 9 ,g5esis exclude ! probability ( su* int]ruption--agriculture w\ld h be5 ! pref]able res\rce ( life--& s x w\ld h cont9u$ until circum/ances l$ to ! ext5sion ( ! pa/oral mode4 ,s f>1 !n1 z we are br\ght to reg>d ! diff]5t modes ( life z progressive or successive 7,i believe t ev5 at ?is e>ly /age !y 7 contemporane\s71 ! ord] ( ! succession accord+ to ! !ory n[ 9 vogue mu/ be rev]s$2 & we mu/ reg>d mank9d z fir/ a community ( husb&m51 gradually ext5d+ !mselves z %eph]ds1 to be f9ally /ill m disp]s$ 9 "s ( _! bran*es z hunt]s4 ,if ?is !ory appe>s f>-fet*$ & fanciful1 let x be recollect$1 on ! o!r h&1 t !re has long subsi/$ a tradition among mank9d ( a code ( nature z connect$ ) a /ate ( nature1 :i* has to be acc\nt$ = 7vide *ap4 ii47 ,& :5 we consid] h[ ! impulsion :i* a nation receives at ! comm5cem5t ( its hi/ory cont9ues--h[ mu*1 = in/ance1 at ! di/ance ( a ?\s& ye>s we resemble our ,saxon ance/ors ( ! eigh? c5tury1 & ev5 our ance/ors ( ! ,g]man =e/ 9 id5tity ( "*1 s5tim5t1 & in/itution--we mu/ n make ! lapse ( c5turies an impassable b>ri] to a belief 9 ! traditions ( mank9d 9 ! e>ly p]iods ( hi/ory4 ,let u also1 9 reg>d+ ! gold5 or silv] age1 glance beyond x to t iron age :i* ultimately foll[$ x1 9 :i* ! _w1 becom+ cr[d$ & also corrupt$1 _m families & tribes collect$ toge!r = w>f>e1 & 9 :i* "o nation swall[$ ano!r until all came to be absorb$1 at lea/ on ! ,asiatic cont95t1 into "o or two great empires1 :i* aga9 cont5d$ = supreme dom9ion4 ,an age ( univ]sal w>1 ( _m sorr[s1 ( great p]turbations1 b "o 9 :i* ! process ( disp]sion 0 /ay$1 & mank9d settl$ d[n )9 c]ta9 def9ite l9es ( dem>cation1 :i* 9 great "p h cont9u$ to ?is day4 ,no wond]1 !n1 t m5 turn$ to ea* o!r 9 ^! d>k days1 & talk$ ) regret ( ! simple agricultural & pa/oral age :i* _h pass$1 & :i* came v>i\sly to be call$1 9 _! recollection1 ! second heav51 ! ,arcadian era1 ! ,saturnia regna1#bgf ! gold5 age4 ,nei!r is x surpris+ t ! idea ( a /ate ( nature misconceiv$ z to ! facts1 & ( a law ( nature dimly rememb]$ & di/ort$ by human p]v]sity1 has s (t5 obta9$ among mank9d 9 mod]n times & also 9 antiquity4 ,?is is a po9t :i* ,i %all discuss ) ref]5ce to ! hi/orical evid5ce 9 ano!r *apt]4 #bgf ,& truly !re is a sap 9 nations z well z 9 trees1 a vigor\s inw>d p[]1 ev] t5d+ upw>ds1 draw+ its fre%e/ en]gies f ! simple/ in/itutions1 & ! pure/ virtues & ! heal?ie/ moral action4444 ,& if ( nations we may s speak1 :at %all we say ( ! entire human race1 :5 all its en]gies 71 9 a mann]1 p5t up 9 its e>ly & few prog5itors2 :5 ! *ildr5 ( ,noah1 remov$ b a few g5]ations f ! recollections & lessons ( ,ed51 & possess+ ! accumulat$ wisdom ( long-liv$ patri>*s1 7 m>vell\sly fitt$ to receive ^? /range & novel impressions1 :i* a _w1 j bur/ =? 9 all its newness1 0 calculat$ to make8--,c>d4 ,wiseman1 ,sci5ce & ,reveal$ ,religion1 ,lect4 ii4 ,x is to ?is p]iod t ,i am incl9$ to ref] ! belief 9 an age ( high *ivalry & virtue1 ) subsequ5t deg5]acy1 widely diffus$ 9 ! leg5ds ( ,k+ ,ar?ur4 ,i w surr5d] my op9ion :5ev] ! hi/orical in=mation respect+ t mon>* %all h be5 m exactly det]m9$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ii4 ,! conception ( ! /ate ( nature 7*ap4 ii47 z a basis ( !ory & belief arose 9 ! ma9 out ( ! speculations ( lawy]s & philosoph]s2 yet x is curi\s t we frequ5tly come ^u a concurr5t yet always subord9ate tradition ( equality associat$ ) ! tradition ( a gold5 age :i*1 if ! age ( ,noah1 we "k aliunde to h be5 a /ate ( hi]>*ical subord9ation to a patri>*al *ief2 &1 along ) a rem9isc5ce ( a "t ( peaceful prosp]ity at ! comm5cem5t ( ?+s1 ! tradition ( ! primitive age z "o ( great b>b>ism & privation1 man liv+ on acorns1 c4 ,t ^! te/imonies ( tradition are incongru\s & confus$1 ,i am b\nd to admit2 b !n1 look$ at f ! po9t ( view ( tradition1 !y seem to me to h _! explanation4 ,if ?is happ5s to be deem$ some:at fanciful1 ,i cont5d t ! te/ 9 all ^! cases mu/ be--7#a47 ,does ! key fit ! lock8 7#b47 ,is !re any o!r key producible8#bgg ,i v5ture1 !n1 to sugge/ 7p4 #baa7 t ! notion ( ! primitive equality may be trac$ ?r\gh ! ,bac*analian traditions2 & ! tradition ( a primitive age ( great privation ,i believe to be ! recollection ( t brief b probably %>p p]iod ( suff]+ dur+ :i* mank9d clung to ! m\nta9s 9 di/ru/ ( ! ,div9e injunction & promise1 until br\ght into ! pla9s by ,noah4#bgh 7,vide p4 #acg47 #bgg ,! evid5ce1 !re=e1 ( ! mean+ ( ?is "p ( ! ,hom]ic sy/em is l t :i* is obta9$1 :51 ^u apply+ a new key to "s lock t we h be5 unable to op51 we f9d x fits ! w>ds & puts back ! bolt4--,glad/one1 ,hom] & ! ,hom]ic ,age1 ii4 #cj4 #bgh ,plato's te/imony to ?is tradition is rem>kable 7,plato de ,legibus1 lib4 i47 ,b\lang] extracts ! passage ) ref]5ce to ! gold5 age 7iii4 #bif74 7,vide also ,grote's ,plato1 iii4 #ccg47 ,plato says--,t x is a tradition t !re 0 =m]ly a great de/ruction ( mank9d caus$ by inundations & o!r g5]al calamities are n ^! calamities ^? to :i* ,horace alludes1 ,i4 ,ode iii41 ,semotique prius t>da necessitas ,le?i corripuit gradum1 f :i* only a few escap$8 ^? :o 7 sp>$ l$ a pa/oral life on ! m\nta9s4 ,we may suppose1 he adds1 t ^! m5 possess$ ! k ( "s useful arts1 ( "s usages to :i* !y _h previ\sly con=m$4 ,plato inde$ goes on to tell h[ ?is k mu/ h be5 lo/1 & "o reason he gives is1 mank9d rema9$ _m c5turies on ! summits ( ! highe/ m\nta9s--fe> & remembrance ( ! pa/ did n p]mit !m to desc5d into ! pla9s4 ,/rabo 7apud ,b\lang]1 iii4 #cja7 also discusses ?is "q4 ,he says t mank9d desc5d$ into ! pla9s at diff]5t p]iods accord+ to _! c\rage & sociability 7lib4 xiii47 ,v>ro 7,de re ,ru/ica1 lib4 xiii4 cap4 i47 says !y 7 a long "t be=e !y desc5d$4 ,n[1 9 ^! passages f ,plato1 ,/rabo1 & ,v>ro1 !re is di/9ct te/imony to ! fact ( mank9d rema9+ on ! m\nta9s aft] ! ,deluge1 & _! subsequ5t inf]5ces are drawn f ! fact t !y suppos$ !m to h rema9$ !re a long "t4 ,is n ?is m]ely t !y h record$ "o tradition to ! exclusion ( ano!r--viz41 t mank9d 7 br\ght into ! pla9s by ,saturn1 9 accordance ) ! indications 9 ,g5esis ix4 #bj1 & ,noe1 a husb&man began to till ! gr\nd4 ,comp>e supra1 p4 #acg1 & p4 #bab2 ,bryant1 ,my?ology1 iii4 p4 #bb1 foll[+ ,/ ,epiphanius1 says ! desc5dants ( ,noah rema9$ #fei ye>s 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ar>at--i4e4 five g5]ations4 ,moreov]1 ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is subsequ5t p]iod1 :5 mank9d 7 liv+ toge!r 9 gr\ps ( families "u ! mild sway ( ! patri>*1 :5 all families 7 good 7p4 #bah71 & :5 444 ,) abundant goods mid/ quiet l&s1 ,all will+ %>$ ! ga!r+s ( _! h&s4 0 j t semi-/ate ( nature :i* x only requir$ ! ,bac*analian tradition on ! "o side to trans=m into ! fiction ( ! /ate ( savage & absolute equality1 or ! t\* ( poetry to conv]t into ! gold5 rem9isc5ce on ! o!r4 ,9 ?is way1 9 ! p]son ( ! patri>* ,noah1 ! fiction ( a /ate ( nature 0 br\ght into contact ) ! tradition ( a law ( nature & a law ( nations1 reg>d$ z ! law ( mank9d :5 m5 7 ne>e/ ! gods4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iii4 ,i h already notic$ 7p4 #abg7 ! d\ble tradition ( ! succession ( ages1 ! tradition f ! fragm5t ( ,san*onia?on1 ^u :i* ,mr ,m',l5nan relies1 be+ ante-1 t ( ,hesiod p>tly ante- & p>tly po/-diluvian4 ,! foll[+ l9es ( ,hesiod1 = in/ance1 be>+ allusion to ! confusion ( tongues & ! %ort5+ ( life1 be+ pla9ly po/-diluvian3-- ,:5 ,gods alike & mortals rose to bir?1 ,! immortals =m$ a gold5 race on e>? ,( _m-languag$ m52 !y liv$ ( old1 ,:5 ,saturn reign$ 9 ,heav52 an age ( gold4 ,! ,sire ( ,heav5 & e>? creat$ !n ,a race ! ?ird1 ( _m-languag$ m51 ,unlike ! silv] !y2 ( braz5 m\ld1 ,/rong ) ! a%5 spe>1 & fi]ce & bold4#bgi #bgi ,) ref]5ce to ! /one age1 vide p4 #bhh4 ,& aga91 ( ! iron race :i* foll[$ !m1 he says-- ,jove on ?is race ( _m-languag$ m5 ,spe$s ! swift ru9 :i* b sl[ began2 ,= sc>cely spr+ !y to ! light ( day ,e'er age untimely /rews _! temples grey4 ,i mu/ "h1 too1 po9t out h[ curi\sly ! te/imonies ( tradition & sci5ce co9cide4#bhj ,bo? are agre$ z to ! transition f a brass 7bronze7 to an iron age2 b 9 "o x is ref]r$ to z evid5ce ( deg5]acy--9 ! o!r1 ! transition is adduc$ 9 pro( ( progress4 ,b ! fact is e/abli%$ by ! evid5ce ( tradition1 z c]ta9ly z by ! conclusions ( sci5ce1 & is ref]r$ to accord+ly by ,sir ,john ,lubbock 7,pre-hi/oric ,times1 p4 #f74 #bhj ,conc]n+ ! evid5t tradition ( ! disp]sion 9 ,hesiod1 ,!og4 v4 #hcf1 vide ,bryant's ,my?ology1 iii4 #ea1 et seq4 ,! l9es ( ,lucretius are c]ta9ly rem>kable-- ,arma antiqua1 manus ungues d5tesque fu]unt1 ,et lapides1 et item sylv>um fragm9a rami ,po/]ius f]ri vis e/1 risque rep]ta1 ,s$ prior ris erat1 quam f]ri cognitus usus4 ,quo facilis magis e/ natura et copia major re solum t]r tractabunt1 reque belli ,miscebant fluctus4--,de ,r]um ,natura1 lib4 #e4 ,b "h ,i _c help ?9k+ ! tradition has ref]5ce r to ! use ?an to ! k ( metals4 ,we h se51 = in/ance1 t ! cultivation ( ! gr\nd comm5c$ ) ,noah--! fact be+ atte/$ bo? by ,scripture & tradition4 ,n[1 9 ! above passage1 al?\gh ! primitive weapons are ref]r$ to1 z ( /ones1 yet x is said reque solum t]r tractabunt1 an av]m5t :i* no d\bt has ref]5ce to ! braz5 age2 yet no?+ =bids ! con/ruction1 :i* on o!r gr\nds seems ! m natural t ! l& 0 f ! fir/ s cultivat$1#bha & t 9 /rictness ! comm5cem5t ( ! braz5 age 0 id5tical ) ! comm5cem5t ( cultivation1 al?\gh 9 ! m9d ( ! poet x _h ref]5ce to ! introduction ( bronze weapons & implem5ts ( w>4 ,moreov]1 ! sylv>um fragm9a rami may po9t to ! p]iod imm$iately prec$+ cultivation1 :5 ! human race clung to ! m\nta9s4 ,! te/imony ( ,scripture to ! po9t seems pla94 ,n only does ! con/ruction ( ! ark appe> to imply ! use ( metals1 b ! ref]5ce to ,tubalca91 :o 0 a hamm]] & artific] 9 e "w ( brass & iron 7,g54 iv4 #bb71 seems to put ! ant$iluvian k ( metals beyond "q4 #bha ,?is appe>s to me to be borne out by ! ,sanscrit root ar1 to pl\gh1 be+ seem+ly cognate ) s1 ris1 & ) ! produce corn arista1 ar\m1 aratrum1 ,greek ,greek3 arsma1 c4 ,sanscrit1 ar1 to pl\gh1 vide note #a 9 ,brace's ,e?nology4 ,vide also ,max ,mll]1 ,sci5ce ( ,language1 id4 ,vide also ,max ,mll]1 ,*ips1 ii4 p4 #de4 ,! "n ( ! pl\gh 79 ,egypt7 0 ,greek3 ,z,hbix1 pl\gh$ l&1 appe>s to h be5 ,greek3 art1 a ^w /ill trac$ 9 ! ,arabic 'h>t1' :i* has ! same import2 & ! ,greek ,greek3 artron & ,roman aratrum appe>s to indicate1 l ! ,greek3 ar\ra1 an ,egyptian orig94--,wilk9son's ,anci5t ,egyptians1 i4 #de4 ,if ar1 z 9 ,greek3 ari/os1 %\ld be propos$ z ! primitive root1 x mu/ be aft] rejection ( ! evid5ce ( second>y d]ivation2 b does n our common p>lance /ill run to ! comp>ison ( virtues ) metals1 good z gold1 h>d z iron1 true z /eel4 ,:y !n at a lat] p]iod %\ld n brass h become ! expression = be/ 9 ! braz5 or w>like age1 :5 c\rage 0 ! virtue pr9cipally reg>d$8 ,if ?is is accept$1 ,greek3 ,ars1 or ,m>s1 s f> f be+ ! root1 w\ld be a t]ti>y d]ivation--! embodim5t & deification ( :at 0 reg>d$ z be/ 9 ! braz5 age4 ,glad/one 7,hom]1 ii4 p4 #bbe71 %[s t ,m>s 0 a deity ( late inv5tion1 & n "o ( ! tradition>y deities4 ,rawl9son1 vide supra1 p4 #afd1 id5tify+ ,ares ) ,nimrod4 ,buns5 7,egypt1 iii4 #dff71 says 9 a note1 ,arya 9 ,indian means "l4 ,its orig9al mean+ 0 equival5t to upp] noble4 ,! popul> "n ,arja is d]iv$ f x1 & means desc5d$ f a noble4 ,i w only add t ,ari 9 ,egyptian means hon\rable 79 ,n(ru>i74 ,b ar might mean to pl\gh2 = ! ,aryans 7 orig9ally & ess5tially an agricultural1 & !re=e a peasant race4 ,agriculture at ! "t we are contemplat+ w\ld h be5 ! mo/ hon\rable employm5t 7supra1 p4 #cbi71 x w\ld n h be5 an agricultural & !re=e peasant employm5t till insecurity br\ght ab\t ! /ate ( dep5d5ce & vassalage4 ,! ,aryans w\ld h be5 noble z be+ ( ! ,japhetic race4 ,9 ! fir/ comm5cem5t aft] ! ,deluge1 unless miracul\sly suppli$1 !re w\ld h be5 no gra9 or bread food until "t _h be5 all[$ = its production4 ,dur+ ?is int]val acorns1 c41 may h be5 ! only food4 ,p]haps x 0 s orda9$ to incite to ! new p]mission to eat fle% meat4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i ask1 9 ^? ages :5 m5 7 suppos$ to live exclusively on acorns1 0 n fle% meat eat51--7 !re no hunt]s8 ,_h man no control ov] ! dome/ic animals8 ,t 9 a peaceful p]iod1 & ! int]communication ( families previ\s to ! disp]sion implies a /ate ( peace 7*4 xiii471 9 a p]iod 9 :i*1 if we foll[ ! o!r traditions1 all families 7 good1 & 7 "u ! rule ( an old man1 :o held 8 h&s to 8 e>s :5 !y spoke to him ( w>1 x is n surpris+ to le>n ei!r t !y _h no weapons1 or t !y 7 ( ! simple/ description4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( an age :i* piques itself ^u ! p]fection ( its artill]y1 & ^: greate/ triumphs & inv5tions h be5 9 ! sci5ce ( de/ruction1 to look back ^u a totally diff]5t age :i* happ5$ only to h /one weapons1 z necess>ily an age ( b>b>ism4 ,b f our po9t ( view x mu/ be reg>d$ n z an age ( b>b>ism1 b ( prosp]ity1--n z a /ate ( equality1 b ( ! subord9ation ( ! memb]s ( ! family to ea* *ief1 & ( families relatively to ea* o!r2 an age ( mu* m5tal vig\r & spiritual intuition1 &1 s f> f be+ a p]iod ( mis]y1 x left rem9isc5ces ( happ9ess su* z l+]$ long 9 ! memory ( mank9d4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,sir ,h4 ,,ma9e ,,on ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nations4 ,dr ,newman 9 8 inaugural disc\rse z ,rector ( ! ,dubl9 ,univ]sity 7,on ! ,place held by ! ,faculty ( ,arts 9 ! ,univ]sity ,c\rse71 :i* ,i ?9k nev] receiv$ ! att5tion x des]v$1 has ) a few ma/]ly t\*es sket*$ ! hi/ory ( ,we/]n civilisation1 :i* 9 its ma9 l9es may be consid]$ to run into1 & be f\nd id5tical )1 ! tradition ,i am n[ reg>d+--) ?is diff]5ce1 t ,dr ,newman reg>ds ,we/]n civilisation 9 its progressive1 :]eas we are conc]n$ ) its traditive aspects4 ,dr ,newman says3 ,i take ?+s z ,i f9d !m on ! surface ( hi/ory1 & am b class+ ph5om5a 7,i h no?+ to d ) e?nology74 ,look+1 !n1 at ! c\ntries :i* surr\nd ! ,m$it]ranean seas z a :ole1 ,i see !m f "t immemorial ! seat ( an association ( intellect & m9d su* z to des]ve to be call$ ! intellect & m9d ( human k9d4 ,/>t+ & advanc+ f c]ta9 c5tres1 till _! respective influ5ces int]sect & conflict1 & !n at l5g? int]m+le & comb9e1 a common ?\ght has be5 g5]at$1 & a common civilisation def9$ & e/abli%$4 ,egypt is "o />t+-po9t1 ,syria ano!r1 ,greece a ?ird1 ,italy a f\r? 7( :i*1 z "t goes on1 ! ,roman empire is ! maturity1 & ! mo/ intelligible expression71 ,nor? ,africa a fif?1 444 & ?is association or social commonweal?1 ) :atev] rev]ses1 *anges1 & mom5t>y dissolutions1 cont9ues d[n to ?is day4444 ,i call x1 !n1 pre-em95tly & emphatically ,human ,society1 & its ,intellect ! ,human ,m9d1 & its decisions ! s5se ( mank9d & its humanis$ & cultivat$ /ates--civilisation 9 ! ab/ract2 & ! t]ritory on :i* x lies ! orbis t]r>um1 or ! _w4 ,= unless ! illu/ration be fanciful1 ! object :i* ,i am contemplat+ is l ! impression ( a seal ^u ! wax2 :i* r\nds (f & gives =m to ! great] portion ( ! s(t mat]ial1 & pres5ts some?+ def9ite to ! eye1 & pre-occupies ! space aga9/ any second figure1 s t we ov]look & leave out ( our ?\ghts ! jagg$ outl9e or unmean+ lumps outside ( x1 int5t ^u ! h>moni\s circle :i* fills ! imag9ation )9 x4 7,!re are inde$ great outly+ portions ( mank9d1 444 /ill !y are outly+ portions & no?+ else1 fragm5t>y1 c41 prote/+ & revolt+ aga9/ ! gr& c5tral =mation ( :i* ,i am speak+1 b n unit+ ) ea* o!r into a second :ole47 ,! same orbis t]r>um1 :i* has be5 ! seat ( civilisation1 has be5 ! seat ( ! ,*ri/ian polity4 ,! natural & ! div9e associations are n inde$ exactly co9cid5t1 nor ev] h be54 ,*ri/ianity has fall5 p>tly outside civilisation & civilisation p>tly outside ,*ri/ianity2 b on ! :ole ! two h occupi$ "o & ! same orbis t]r>um4444 ,! c5tre ( ! tradition is transf]r$ f ,greece to ,rome4444 ,at l5g? ! temple ( ,j]usalem is root$ up by ! armies ( ,titus1 & ! effete s*ools ( ,a!ns are /ifl$ by ! edict ( ,ju/9ian4444 ,! grace /or$ 9 ,j]usalem1 & ! gifts :i* radiate f ,a!ns1 are made ov] & conc5trat$ 9 ,rome4 ,?is is true z a matt] ( hi/ory4 ,rome has inh]it$ bo? sacr$ & pr(ane le>n+2 %e has p]petuat$ & disp5s$ ! traditions ( ,moses & ,david 9 ! sup]natural ord]1 & ( ,hom] & ,ari/otle 9 ! natural4 ,to sep>ate ^! di/9ct tea*+s1 human & div9e1 is to retrograde2 x is to rebuild ! ,jewi% temple & to plant anew ! groves ( ,academus2 444 & ?\gh ^! 7 times :5 ! old traditions seem$ to be on ! po9t ( fail+1 someh[ x has happ5$ t !y h nev] fail$4444 ,ev5 9 ! l[e/ /ate ( le>n+ ! tradition 0 kept up2 444 & ?is exp]i5ce ( ! pa/ we may apply to ! pres5t1 = z !re 0 a movem5t aga9/ ! classics 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 s has !re be5 n[4444 ,civilisation has its common pr9ciples1 & views1 & tea*+1 & especially its books1 :i* h m or less be5 giv5 f ! e>lie/ times1 & are 9 fact 9 equal e/eem & respect1 9 equal use1 n[1 z !y 7 :5 !y 7 receiv$ 9 ! beg9n+4 ,9 a ^w1 ! classics & ! subjects ( ?\ght & /udy to :i* !y give rise1 or to use ! t]m mo/ to our pres5t purpose1 ! arts h ev] on ! :ole be5 ! in/rum5ts :i* ! civilis$ orbis t]r>um has adopt$2 j z inspir$ works1 & ! lives ( sa9ts1 & ! articles ( fai? & ! ,cate*ism h be5 ! in/rum5t ( education 9 ! case ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,& ?is consid]ation y see1 g5tlem5 7to drop d[n at once ^u ! subject ( discussion :i* has br\ght u toge!r71 inve/s ! op5+ ( ! s*ools 9 arts#bhb ) a solemnity & mom5t ( a peculi> k9d1 = we are b engag$ 9 reit]at+ an old tradition1 & c>ry+ on ^? augu/ me?ods ( enl>g+ ! m9d1 & cultivat+ ! intellect & rip5+ ! feel+s1 9 :i* ! process ( civilisation has ev] consi/$4--,dr ,newman on ,civilisation4 #bhb ,i4e41 ,! tea*+ & gov]nm5t ( ! ,univ]sity rema9$ 9 ! ,faculty ( ,arts1 & n 9 ! faculty ( !ology or law or mod]n philosophy4 ,i h = my own purposes ( cond5sation be5 oblig$ to take c]ta9 unp>donable lib]ties ( transposition 9 ! above ab/ract1 = :i* ,i c only plead my necessity4 ,i %\ld n 9 any case h s exce$$ 9 quotation1 7 ?is v ma/]ly address at all accessible1 b1 z f> z ,i "k1 x is only to be f\nd 9 ! ,ca?olic ,univ]sity ,gazette1 ,novemb] #af1 #ahed4 ,9 ord] to %[ ! full significance ( ^! extracts f ,dr ,newman1 & also _! be>+ on po9ts /ill to be discuss$1 ,i w app5d ! foll[+ sugge/ive passage f ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's ,anci5t ,law1 p4 #bb3--;,x is only ) ! progressive societies t we are conc]n$1 & no?+ is m rem>kable ?an _! extreme fewness4 ,9 spite ( ov]:elm+ evid5ce1 x is mo/ difficult = a citiz5 ( ,we/]n ,europe to br+ ?or\ghly home to himself ! tru? t ! civilisation :i* surr\nds him is a r>e exception 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,! tone ( ?\ght common among u1 all our hopes1 fe>s1 & speculations1 w\ld be mat]ially affect$1 if we _h vividly be=e u ! relation ( ! progressive races to ! totality ( human life4 ,x is indisputable t mu* ! greate/ "p ( mank9d has nev] %[n a p>ticul> desire t its civil in/itutions %\ld be improv$ s9ce ! mom5t :5 ext]nal complet5ess 0 fir/ giv5 to !m by _! embodim5t 9 "s p]man5t record4444 ,!re has be5 a mat]ial civilisation1 b in/ead ( ! civilisation exp&+ ! law1 ! law has limit$ ! civilisation4 ,i mu/ also express my belief t if ,mr ,l[e _h read ! lecture ( ,dr ,newman1 he w\ld h v mu* modifi$ ! views he enunciat$ 9 8 lecture on ,prim>y & ,univ]sity ,education1 at ! ,philosophical ,in/itution at ,ed9burgh4--,times1 ,novemb] #d1 #ahfg4 ,be=e exam9+ ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's view on ! ,law ( ,nature & ! ,law ( ,nations1 x w p]haps facilitate ! inquiry if ,i ga!r up1 out ( ! evid5ce :i* has accumulat$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]s1 su* conclusions z w %[ h[ we /& 9 reg>d to ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's g5]al !ory4 ,i4 ,accept+ ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's dictum t ! family & n ! individual 0 ! unit ( anci5t society2 &1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 ! fur!r position1 t x is difficult to "k :]e to /op1 to say ( :at races ( m5 x is n all[able to lay d[n t ! society 9 :i* !y are unit$ 0 orig9ally organis$ on ! patri>*al model1#bhc ,i v5ture to ma9ta9 aga9/ ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e ! cont9uance ( family life 9 a quasi /ate ( nature1 be=e ei!r ! developm5t or creation ( ! ,/ate4 #bhc ,anci5t ,law1 p4 #abc4 ,,ii4 ,b 9 ma9ta9+ t !re 0 a p]iod 9 human hi/ory ant]ior to ! =mation ( gov]nm5ts1 ,i am f> f ass]t+--on ! contr>y1 ,i di/9ctly repudiate ! notion--t !re 0 ev] an ante-social /ate4 ,society is complete )9 ! family circle2#bhd & society 9 any wid] organisation is only ! requirem5t & consequ5ce ( imp]fection & corruption )9 ! family1 or ( collision betwe5 families4 ,und\bt$ly1 !re 7 in/ances 9 :i* ! ,/ate grew up imp]ceptibly out ( ! ext5sion ( ! family into ! patri>*al sy/em2#bhe b ^! in/ances w probably h occurr$ among ! families :o rema9$ /ation>y1 :e!r by "r ( s5iority1 or by virtue ( sup]ior p[]1 at ! c5tral po9t f :i* ! ,disp]sion comm5c$4 ,s long1 h[ev]1 z family gov]nm5t suffic$1 !re w\ld h be5 no?+ b ! family2 b :5 mank9d increas$1 & actual relation%ip di$ out1 disputes mu/ h multipli$ & become complicat$--n only betwe5 individuals b betwe5 families2 h5ce ! necessity ( ,/ate gov]nm5t--h5ce ! necessity ( an appeal on ! "p ( individuals f ! family to "s supreme au?ority4 ,?is w\ld be ! fir/ mode 9 :i* gov]nm5ts w\ld h aris5 among ^? :o came "u ! action ( ! ,disp]sion4 ,b ev5 "h--assum+ ! family gr\ps to h desc5d$ f ! same prog5itor--we see fir/ ! family1 fir/ prop]ty1 !n ! ,/ate4 ,! second mode w\ld be :]e sev]al families1 diff]+ 9 language & race1 came toge!r & =m$ ,/ates4#bhf ,al?\gh !y w\ld h come toge!r on unequal & v>y+ conditions1 yet !y w\ld necess>ily h come toge!r on "s conditions1 & = ! mutual protection ( _! rights1 _! prop]ty1 & _! p]sonal security4 ,9 all su* cases !re w\ld h be5 some?+ ( a recognition & adju/m5t ( rights1 some?+ ( ! nature ( a compact m or less explicit1 b mu* m =mal & explicit 9 ?is mode ?an 9 ! =m]4 ,9 any case1 ! end & int5tion ( ! =mation ( ,/ates & gov]nm5ts w\ld h be5 ! security ( rights1 z ,cic]o tells u3--,hanc enim ob causam maxime ut sua tu]5tur respublic civitatesque con/itut sunt4 ,nam etsi1 duce natur1 congregabantur hom9es1 tam5 spe cu/odi r]um su>um urbium prsidia qurebant4 ,b does n ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e himself supply simil> te/imony8 ,ref]r+ to ! notions ( primitive antiquity1 he says3-- ,h[ little ! notion ( injury to ! community _h to d ) ! e>lie/ int]f]5ces ( ! ,/ate1 ?r\gh its tribunals1 is %[n by ! curi\s circum/ance1 t 9 ! orig9al adm9i/ration ( ju/ice ! proce$+s 7 a close imitation ( ! s]ies ( acts :i* 7 likely to be gone ?r\gh 9 private life by p]sons :o 7 disput+1 b :o aft]w>ds suff]$ _! qu>rel to be appeas$4 ,! magi/rate c>efully simulat$ ! demean\r ( a private arbitrator1 casually call$ 94--,*ap4 x4 #cgd2 vide also pp4 #cge1 #cgf4 #bhd ,x by no means foll[s t ,god does n w1 & did n =eorda9 society 9 its wid] organisation1 accord+ to ! conditions & circum/ances out ( :i* x arose4 #bhe ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e says 7p4 #abd73--,! po9ts :i* lie on ! surface ( hi/ory are ^!3 ! elde/ male p>5t--! elde/ asc5dant--is absolutely supreme 9 8 h\sehold4 ,8 dom9ion ext5ds to life & dea?1 & is z unqualifi$ ov] _! *ildr5 & _! h\ses z ov] 8 slaves4 ,! flocks & h]ds ( ! *ildr5 are ! flocks & h]ds ( ! fa!r4 ,?is is n borne out by :at we read ( ,abraham & ,lot1 ,esau & ,jacob--e4g41 ,b ,lot also1 :o 0 ) ,abraham1 _h flocks ( %eep1 & h]ds & t5ts4 ,nei!r 0 ! l& able to be> !m1 t !y might dwell toge!r 7,g54 xiii47 ,& ! possessions ( ! p>5t1 :i* he holds 9 a repres5tative r ?an a propriet>y "*1 are equally divid$ at 8 dea? among 8 desc5dants 9 ! fir/ degree1 ! elde/ son sometimes receiv+ a d\ble %>e1 "u ! "n ( bir?right1 b m g5]ally end[$ ) no h]$it>y advantage beyond an honor>y prec$5ce4 ,! sep>ation !n comm5c$ ) ! division ( ! inh]itance2 & :e!r x 0 ev] an equal division1 & n proportion$ to ! respective ages ( ! sons1 or det]m9$ by o!r motives1 or aga91 a division ( diff]5t k9ds ( prop]ty1 may be op5 to "q2 b at any rate a division took place1 & a sep>ation ( families 0 consequ5t ^u x4 ,! division 0 n only ! sign & tok51 b ! effici5t cause ( ! sep>ation2 & s n only ! disp]sion ( families1 b sep>ate own]%ips comm5c$ ) ! desc5dants 9 ! fir/ degree4 #bhf ,comp>e ,plato1 ,leges2 ,grote's ,plato1 iii4 #ccg4 ,,iii4 ,we come to ! conclusion t ! collation ( ! s5tim5ts & maxims1 z pres]v$ 9 tradition by ! families :o _h coalesc$ into ,/ates1 w\ld h =m$ ! basis ( ! morality & ( ! jurisprud5ce ( ! ,/ates s con/itut$2 & t 9 e case ( oppression appeal w\ld h be5 made to _! pre-exi/+ & natural rights4 ,,iv4 ,t :il/ c]ta9 traditions--! tradition ( religion1 = in/ance--w\ld h be5 p]haps m fai?fully pres]v$ 9 ! patri>*al gov]nm5ts ( ! ,ea/1 & we f9d evid5ce ( ?is 9 ! mono!ism ( ! ,p]sians2 on ! o!r h&1 if !re 0 a tradition ( a law common to all nations1 x w\ld be m likely to be pres]v$ 9 ,/ates =m$ by ! amalgamation ( _m di/9ct families & races4#bhg #bhg ,9 t old hea!nism ( ! ,roman _w1 into :i* x 0 ! w ( ,god t ! ,*ri/ian religion %\ld be introduc$ by ! apo/les1 !re 7 !n div]se & (t5 conflict+ elem5ts4 ,!re 0 a good elem5t1 :i* came f ,god2 !re 0 a ?or\ghly bad elem5t1 :i* came f ,satan2 & !re 0 a corrupt elem5t1 :i* 0 ! fruit ( ! work+s ( unreg5]ate human nature ^u society1 & ^u ! objects ( s5se & intellig5ce ) :i* man is plac$ 9 relation4 ,! good elem5t we see embodi$ 9 great "p ( ! laws & in/itutions ( ! anci5t _w1 z also 9 mu* ( ! lit]ature1 ! poetry1 ! philosophy ( ,greece & ,rome1 :i* lit]ature consequ5tly--aft] hav+ be5 purifi$1 & z x 7 baptiz$--has always be5 us$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 9 ! education ( h] *ildr54 ,?is elem5t1 ,i say1 0 orig9ally ! gift ( ,god1 ! ,au?or ( nature1 to man1 ! (fspr+ ( reason & consci5ce1 ! tradition ( a society ( :i* ,god 0 ,himself ! f\nd]4 ,x en%r9$ :atev] fragm5ts ( primeval tru? z to ,god1 ! _w1 & man himself1 /ill l+]$1 9 :atev] %ape1 among ! f>-w&]+ *ildr5 ( ,adam4 ,/ ,paul alludes to ?is elem5t 7,acts xvii4 #bb72 444 & 8 words altoge!r seem to imply t ,god wat*$ ov] x1 support$ x & fo/]$ x1 z f> z m5 7 wor?y ( x1 & t x might ev5 h be5 exp&$ into a p]fect sy/em ( natural religion & ( reasonable virtue1 _h m5 be5 grateful en\gh to e>n l>g] measures ( grace f ,god1 :o left n ,himself )\t witness 9 ,8 daily provid5ce1 & 0 n f> f 'any "o ( ,8 *ildr54'--,f\r ,s]mons1 by ! ,rev4 ,h5ry ,j4 ,col]idge1 ,s4 ,j4 ,burns ,oates4 #ahfi4 ,p4 #eb4 7#dh47 ,v4 ,t su* 0 ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ! ,greeks & ,romans--! two nations :i* =m$ ! nucleus ( ! orbis t]r>um )9 :i*1 z ,dr ,newman tells u 7supra1 p4 #cci71 is f\nd ! c5tre ( ,*ri/ianity & ! seat ( civilisation4 ,,vi4 ,t1 :e!r ! ,roman law goes back 9 tradition1 or1 z ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e w say1 9 fiction only--! fact rema9s1 t x does s trace itself back to remote antiquity1 & t ! ,roman law subsi/s to ?is day z ! f\ndation ( mo/ ( ! codes ( ,europe1 & has ext5d$ its ramifications to all2 & t outside ! circle ( its influ5ce o!r nations equally retrace _! codes to remote antiquity1 &1 z a rule1 to revelations made to _! e>lie/ f\nd]4 ,t no?+ is m /rik+ 9 anci5t times ?an ! mann] 9 :i* _! codes1 :i* are ! embodim5t ( laws previ\sly 9 tradition1 7 held z a sacr$ deposit4 ,?is 0 ! reason :y ! laws ( ! ,m$es & ! ,p]sians might n be alt]$2 & t1 accord+ to ! laws ( ! ,visigo?s1 no judge w\ld decide 9 any suit unless he f\nd 9 _! code a law applicable to ! case2 & p]haps we may f9d trace ( x 9 ! phrases famili> to u--nolumus leges ,angli mut>i1 />e sup] vias antiquas1 & s1 too1 9 ! ita scriptum e/1 :i*1 z ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e says 7p4 #ca71 sil5c$ all objections 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,,vii4 ,t ! fact ( a tradition ( a law common to all nations & ( a lo/ code ( nature1 is 9 accordance ) ! hi/orical & scriptural evid5ce :i* w\ld r5d] su* a tradition probable4 99 99 99 99 99 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e1 ) ^: argum5t ,i n[ propose to deal1 is1 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 ! mo/ conspicu\s oppon5t ( ! common belief 9 ! ,law ( ,nations2 & yet x appe>s to me t we %all f9d te/imony to ! tradition ev5 9 ! v t]ms 9 :i* he repudiates x4 ,i mu/ at lea/ consid] ?is a recognition on 8 "p ( ! /r5g? & invet]acy ( ! opposite view4 ,9 ! foll[+ extracts ,i %all suppose my read]s fre% f ! p]usal ( ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e4 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e says 7,anci5t ,law1 pp4 #g1 #h71 t ! fur!r we p5etrate into ! primitive hi/ory ( ?\ght1 ! fur!r we f9d ourselves f ! conception ( law ( any sort4 ,& aga91 ,x is c]ta9 t 9 ! infancy ( mank9d1 no sort ( legislation1 n ev5 a di/9ct au?or ( law1 is contemplat$ or conceiv$ (4 ,n[ if ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e _h said no?+ m1 ,i %\ld h felt b\nd to take ?is ass]tion ^u 8 au?ority2 b ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e adds3--,law has sc>cely rea*$ ! foot+ ( cu/om2 x is r a habit4 ,x is1 to use a ,fr5* phrase1 '9 ! air1' ,is n ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e "h hunt+ = a phrase :i* %all n imply t x is 9 tradition8 ,! only au?oritative /atem5t ( "r & wrong is a judicial s5t5ce aft] ! facts1 n "o presuppos+ a law :i* has be5 violat$1 b "o :i* is brea!d = ! fir/ "t by a high] p[] into ! judge's m9d at ! mom5t ( adjudication4 ,?is passage may be adduc$ 9 evid5ce ( ! tradition ( ,noah & 8 heav5ly-inspir$ judgm5ts1 b app>5tly x is 9 contradiction to ! view ( a law ( nature1 s9ce x supposes ! judge to decide ?r\gh direct inspiration1 or 9 ! way ( /et pro ratione voluntas1 & n ) ref]5ce to a law :i* has be5 violat$4 ,n[1 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e comes to 8 conclusion ^u ! gr\nd ( ! ,!mi/es ( ! ,hom]ic poems4 ,! e>lie/ notions connect$ ) ! conception 444 ( a law or rule ( life are ^? conta9$ 9 ! ,hom]ic words ',!mis' & ',!mi/es' 7p4 #d74 ,! lit]ature ( ! h]oic ages discloses to u law 9 ! g]m "u ! ',!mi/es1' & a little m develop$ 9 ! conception ( ',dike' 7p4 #i74 ,if ?is 7 s1 law accord+ to ! conception ( ,!mi/es & law accord+ to ! conception ( ,dike 7 nev] contemporane\s1 b necess>ily successive1 or r progressive2 b at page #h we read1 ,! ,hom]ic ^w = a cu/om 9 ! embryo is sometimes ',!mis' 9 ! s+ul>1 m (t5 ',dike1' ! mean+ ( :i* visibly fluctuates betwe5 'a judgm5t' & a 'cu/om' or 'usage4' ',greek3 ,nomos1' a law 444 does n occur 9 ,hom]4#bhh #bhh ,! ^w ',greek3 nomos' is f\nd 9 ! ,hymn to ,apollo1 v4 #bj1 attribut$ to ,hom] ! t]m ,greek3 !mi/es also1 v4 #cia--;& 9 ,hesiod1 ,op4 et ,dies1 v4 #bgf4--;,goguet1 ii4 #gh4 ,9 ! ,hymn to ,apollo x is only appli$ to song4 ,! ,greeks _h ! same ^w1 h[ev]--viz4 ,greek3 nomoi1 z = laws1 songs1 & pa/ures--t is to say1 ! t]m law1 ,greek3 nomos1 is appli$ to ! in/rum5t ( its transmission1 & to :at w\ld !n h be5 its mo/ ord9>y subject matt]4 ,?is seems to me 9 evid5ce ( its primitive use4 ,take1 moreov]1 ! foll[+ passage 9 ! ,fir/ ,book ( ! ,iliad1 v4 #bcc3-- ,greek3 ',all' ek toi ere1 kai epi megan horkon om\mai nai ma tode skptron1 to m5 oupote phylla kai oz\s physei1 epeid prta tomn en oressi leloip51 oud' ana?lsei2 p]i g> rha he *alkos elepse phylla te kai phloion2 nyn aute m9 hyies ,a*ain en palams phore\si1 dikaspoloi1 hoite ,!mi/as pros ,dios heiryatai2 ho de toi megas essetai horkos4 --,heyne's ,hom]1 i4 v4 #bcc-bci4 ,b ?is ,i say1 & ) an oa? confirm1 ,by ?is my royal /aff1 :i* nev] m ,%all put =? leaf nor spray s9ce fir/ x left ,^u ! m\nta9 side its p>5t /em1 ,nor blossom m2 s9ce all ar\nd1 ! axe ,ha? lopp$ bo? leaf & b>k1 & n[ 'tis borne1 ,emblem ( ju/ice1 by ! sons ( ,greece1 ,:o gu>d ! sacr$ m9i/ry ( law ,be=e ! face ( ,jove6 a mighty oa?4 ,! "t %all come :5 all ! sons ( ,greece ,%all m\rn ,a*illes' loss1 c4 --,"l ,d]by's ,translation1 #bge-bhe4 ,"h we h ! t]m dike n m]ely 9 embryo1 b 9 ! comp\nd ^w dikaspoloi1 adm9i/rators ( ju/ice1 imply+ some?+ ak9 to judges1 & a condition ( ?+s 9 :i* law 0 r$uc$ to a /ate 9 :i* !re 0 some?+ to gu>d & adm9i/]4 ,n only s1 b ! /aff1 ! emblem ( ju/ice1 is borne by !m :5 !y gu>d ! ,!mi/es be=e ! gods4 ,x w n only be curi\s to discov]1 b ! discov]y ( ve/iges 9 mod]n times ( ! old traditional modes & c]emonial w ?r[ light ^u ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9 anci5t times4 ,i d>e say _m o!r in/ances may be indicat$4 ,i w adduce ! foll[+3--,if my read]s w turn to ! ,pall ,mall ,gazette 7,july #ab1 #ahgj71 !y w f9d an acc\nt ( ,! ,manx ,?+1 or ! anci5t cu/om ( ! ,rul]1 8 ,c\ncil1 & ! ,commons meet+ toge!r 9 ! op5 air to proclaim ! law to ! p /&+ ar\nd4 ,! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor is ! repres5tative ( ! ,k+1 & takes an oa? to deal truly & uprightly betwe5 our sov]eign lady ! ,que5 & h] p1 & z indiff]5tly betwixt p>ty & p>ty z ?is /aff n[ /&e?4 ,he is assi/$ by two deme/]s or supreme judges1 :o mu/ deem ! law truly1 z !y w answ] to ! ,"l ( ! ,isle4 ,"h1 z 9 ,hom]1 !re is ref]5ce to an emblem & a c]emonial repugnant to ! notion t 7infra7 e man "u ! patri>*al despotism 0 practically controll$ by a regim5 n ( law b ( caprice4 ,mr ,adams describes ! foll[+ sc5e 9 "o ( ! isl&s 9 ! ar*ipelago (f ! ma9l& ( ,korea--,! *ief1 :o really has some?+ v noble & maje/ic ab\t him1 z is g5]ally ! case ) m5 9 high au?ority among ! natives ( ^! isl&s4444 ,! demean\r ( ^? ( 8 c\ntrym5 :o surr\nd$ him 0 z free & indep5d5t z 8 own 0 res]v$ & dignifi$4444 ,9 8 h& he held 8 badge ( (fice1 a w& ( ebony ) a gre5 silk5 cord entw9$ ab\t x l ! s]p5t ( sculapius4--,travels ( a ,naturali/ 9 ,japan & ,man*uria1 by ,ar?ur ,adams1 ,f4,l4,s4 #ahgj4 ,comp>e also ) infra1 p4 #cij4 ,well1 all[ t !re ne$ n be z yet ! metaphysical conception ( law1 or law z a positive enactm5t1 embrac+ indiff]5tly a v>iety ( cases4 ,elim9ate ! ^w law4 ,in/ead ( ! phrase law ( nature sub/itute natural ju/ice1 & ! s5se ( "r & wrong2 & x suffices t we detect usage1 cu/om1 "r2 = ev5 if x 7 conc$$ t "r is a po/-,hom]ic r5d]+ ( ,greek3 dik1 yet cu/om & usage 9 _! def9ition w\ld h be5 9 recognition ( pre-exi/+ "r4 ,?is becomes m cle> if we consid] ! alt]native op9ion4 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e says t "u ! patri>*al despotism1 e man 0 practically controll$ 9 all 8 actions by a regim5 n ( law b ( caprice 7p4 #h74 ,! judgm5ts1 !n1 ( ! patri>*al times 7 m]e caprice1 & rights 7 def9$ )\t ref]5ce to any s5se ( ju/ice4 ,f ,!mi/es ( caprice !y w\ld proce$ to legislation ^u caprice1 &1 ultimately1 to codes :i* w\ld repres5t no?+ b a dige/ ( ! prec$5ts ( caprice4 ,x is difficult1 !n1 to und]/& 9 :at way & at :at po9t ! s5se ( ju/ice1 ! conception ( dike1 orig9at$1 & mo/ ( all1 if ?is is true1 x is difficult to acc\nt = ! ,!mi/es be+ reg>d$ z ak9 to inspiration1 z well z = ! v5]ation ) :i*1 we h ! au?ority ( ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e 7vide infra7 = say+1 t ,ar*aic law 0 held1 &1 moreov]1 = ! p]si/5t t5d5cy to rev]t to ! pa/4#bhi #bhi ,i feel v mu* support$ 9 my argum5t by ! foll[+ passage f ,mr ,glad/one's ,hom] 7ii4 #dbj73 ,mr ,grote says t '! primitive import' ( ! words ,greek3 haga?os1 ,greek3 e/hlos1 & ,greek3 kakos1 relates to p[] & n to wor?2 & t ! e?ical mean+ ( ^! is a lat] gr[?1 :i* 'h>dly appe>s until ! discussions rais$ by ,socrates1 & prosecut$ by 8 disciples4' ,i ask p]mission to prote/ aga9/ :atev] sav\rs ( ! idea t any ,socrates :atev] 0 ! pat5tee ( t s5tim5t ( "r & wrong :i* is ! mo/ preci\s "p ( ! patrimony ( mank9d4 ,! movem5t ( ,greek morality ) ! lapse ( "t 0 *iefly d[nw>d & n upw>d4444 ,b z to ! words ,greek3 haga?os & ,greek3 kakos1 ! case is f> m cle>2 & "h ,i ask1 ,c x be %[n t ,hom] ev] applies ! ^w ,greek3 haga?os to t :i* is morally bad8 or ! ^w ,greek3 kakos to t :i* is morally good8 ,if x c1 cadit qu/io2 if x _c1 !n we h advanc$ a consid]able way 9 prov+ ! e?ical signification4444 ,9 ! ^w ,greek3 dikaios1 h[ev]1 we h an in/ance ( ! epi!t nev] employ$ except 9 ord] to signify a moral or a religi\s idea4 ,l ! ^w righte\s among ourselves1 x is d]iv$ f a s\rce :i* w\ld make x imm$iately designate duty z betwe5 man & man1 & also z x arises out ( civil relations4 ,b x is appli$ 9 ,hom] to bo? ! great bran*es ( duty4 ,& surely !re _c be a /rong] pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( def9ite moral ideas among a p1 ?an ! v fact t !y employ a ^w f\nd$ on ! obs]vance ( relative rights to describe also ! religi\s "*4 ,x is :5 religion & morality are torn asund]1 t ! exi/5ce ( moral ideas is endang]$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we foll[ ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e 9 8 illu/ration tak5 f ,engli% law1 we %all f9d ourselves re9/at$ 9 our orig9al convictions4 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e says 7p4 #h71 ,an ,engli%man %\ld be bett] able ?an a =eign] to appreciate ! hi/orical fact t ! ',!mi/es' prec$$ any conception ( law2 b at page #cb1 he says1 ,probably x w be f\nd t orig9ally x 0 ! receiv$ doctr9e t some:]e 9 nubibus ,q4 9 ! air1 or 9 gremio magi/ratuum !re exi/$ a complete1 coh]5t1 symmetrical body ( ,engli% law1 ( an amplitude suffici5t to furni% pr9ciples :i* w\ld apply to any conceivable comb9ation ( circum/ances4 ,if1 !n1 we take ! analogy ( ! ,engli% law1 we come also to ! id5tical conclusion = :i* ,i cont5d--viz4 t ! ,!mi/es1 :e!r !y p>took ( ! "* ( comm&s or ( judgm5ts1 7 /ill 9 recognition ( a law :i* 0 violat$4 ,if ! ,!mi/es _h no ref]5ce to a law :i* 0 violat$2 if !y 7 m]e caprice1 ,i h already ask$1 :5ce arose ! reg>d = anci5t law among ! nations ( antiquity8 & ,i may add1 h[ came x ab\t t _! ideas ( ju/ice 7 insep>ably connect$ ) ! notions ( morality8 ,does ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e d5y ei!r ( ^! facts8 ,on ! contr>y1 he affirms !m3-- ,q en\gh1 too1 rema9s ( ^! collections 'anci5t codes' bo? 9 ! ,ea/ & 9 ! ,we/1 to %[ t !y m+l$ up religi\s1 civil1 & m]ely moral ord9ances )\t any reg>d to diff]5ces 9 _! ess5tial "*2 & ?is is consi/5t ) all we "k ( anci5t ?\ght f o!r s\rces1 ! sev]ance ( law f morality1 & ( religion f law1 belong+ v di/9ctly to ! lat] /ages ( m5tal progress 7p4 #af74 ,& at p4 #aba1 ,mu* ( ! old law :i* has desc5d$ to u1 0 pres]v$ m]ely because x 0 old4 ,^? :o practis$ & obey$ x did n pret5d to und]/& x2 & 9 "s cases !y ev5 ridicul$ & despis$ x4 ,!y (f]$ no acc\nt ( x except t x _h come d[n to !m f _! ance/ors4 ,does ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e dispute ! p]si/5cy ( tradition 9 g5]al8 ,no4 ,at p4 #aag1 vide supra1 ,i h quot$ a passage 9 :i* he explicitly ma9ta9s x4 ,i mu/ obs]ve fur!r1 t 9 ! v passages 9 :i* he repudiates ! notion ( a law ( nature1 two ?+s irresi/ibly transpire--7#a47 ,t !re 0 a p]si/5t tradition 9 anci5t society ( a law ( nature2 7#b47 ,t ?is tradition 0 inv>iably associat$ ) ! gold5 age1 e4g43-- ,aft] nature _h become a h\sehold ^w 9 ! m\?s ( ! ,romans1 ! belief gradually prevail$ among ! ,roman lawy]s1#bij t ! old jus g5tium 0 9 fact ! lo/ code ( nature1 & t ! prtors1 9 fram+ an edictal jurisprud5ce on ! pr9ciples ( ! jus g5tium1 7 gradually re/or+ a type f :i* law _h only dep>t$ to det]iorate 7p4 #ef74 ,b !n1 :ile ! jus g5tium _h little or no antec$5t cr$it at ,rome1 ! !ory ( a law ( nature came 9 surr\nd$ ) all ! pre/ige ( philosophical au?ority1 & inve/$ ) ! *>ms ( association ) an eld] & m blissful condition ( ! race 7p4 #fj74 ,! law ( nature confus$ ! pa/ & ! pres5t4 ,logically x impli$ a /ate ( nature :i* _h once be5 regulat$ by natural law2 yet ! juris-consults d n speak cle>ly or confid5tly ( ! exi/5ce ( su* a /ate1 :i* inde$ is little notic$ by ! anci5ts except :5 x f9ds a poetical expression 9 ! fancy ( a gold5 age 7p4 #gc74 ,yet x 0 n on acc\nt ( _! simplicity & h>mony t ^! f9] elem5ts 7 prim>ily respect$1 b on ! score ( _! desc5t f ! aborig9al reign ( nature 7p4 #gd74 ,yet x is a rem>kable pro( ( ! ess5tially hi/orical "* ( ! conception t1 aft] all ! ef=ts :i* h be5 made to evolve ! code ( nature f ! necess>y *>act]i/ics ( ! natural /ate i4e4 priori s mu* ( ! result is j :at x w\ld h be5 if m5 _h be5 satisfi$ to adopt ! dicta ( ! ,roman lawy]s )\t que/ion+ or review+ !m4 ,sett+ aside ! conv5tional or treaty law ( nations1 x is surpris+ h[ l>ge a "p ( ! sy/em is made up ( pure ,roman law 7p4 #ig74 ,because ! ,roman law 0 9 ! ma9 /ream ( ! tradition4#bia #bij ,ei!r1 !n1 ! ,roman lawy]s fell back ^u ! old traditions1 or else ! lawy]s introduc$ ! sup]/ition ( ! law ( nature1 & !n became victims to ! sup]/ition !y _h inv5t$4 ,9 any case1 ! belief 9 ! lo/ code ( nature gradually prevail$4 ,i am pres5tly go+ to discuss ) ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e h[ f> 9 ! latt] case su* a belief is likely to h prevail$4 #bia ,vide also ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e1 p4 #gg3 ,x is important1 too1 to obs]ve t ?is model sy/em1 unlike _m ( ^? :i* h mock$ m5's hopes 9 lat] days1 0 n entirely ! product ( imag9ation4 ,x 0 nev] ?\ght ( z f\nd$ on q unte/$ pr9ciples4 ,! notion 0 t x und]lay exi/+ law1 & mu/ be look$ = ?r\gh x4 ,its functions 71 9 %ort1 rem$ial1 n revolution>y or an>*ical4 ,& ?is un=tunately is ! exact po9t at :i* ! mod]n view ( a law ( nature has (t5 ceas$ to resemble ! anci5t4 ,i n[ come to :at ,i may call ! exposition ( ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's argum5t prop]1 &1 al?\gh ,i feel ! full difficulty ( do+ ?is1 9 ! case ( s subtle & able a writ]1 ,i %all endeav\r to cond5se into z %ort a space z possible :atev] is mat]ial to ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's position4 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e says 7p4 #df73-- ,i %all attempt to discov] ! orig9 ( ^! fam\s phrases1 ,law ( ,nations1 ,law ( ,nature1 ,equity1 & to det]m9e h[ ! conceptions :i* !y indicate are relat$ to "o ano!r4 ,! mo/ sup]ficial /ud5t ( ,roman hi/ory mu/ be /ruck by ! extraord9>y degree 9 :i* ! =tunes ( ! ,republic 7 affect$ by ! pres5ce ( =eign]s "u diff]5t names on h] soil4 ,! causes ( ?is immigration are disc]nible en\gh at a lat] p]iod1 = we c readily und]/& :y m5 ( all races %\ld flock to ! ,mi/ress ( ! ,_w2 b ! same ph5om5on ( a l>ge population ( =eign]s & d5iz5s meets u 9 ! v e>lie/ records ( ! ,roman ,/ate--no d\bt ! in/ability ( society 9 anci5t ,italy4444 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ?is explanation is imp]fect1 & x c\ld only be complet$ by tak+ into acc\nt ^? active comm]cial relations1 :i* ?\gh !y are little reflect$ 9 ! milit>y traditions ( ! ,republic1 ,rome appe>s c]ta9ly to h _h ) ,c>?age & ) ! int]ior ( ,italy 9 pre-hi/oric times4444 ,9 ! e>ly ,roman ,republic ! pr9ciple ( ! absolute exclusion ( =eign]s p]vad$ ! civil law no less ?an ! con/itution4 ,! ali5 or d5iz5 c\ld h no %>e 9 any in/itution suppos$ to be coeval ) ! ,/ate4 ,he c\ld n h ! b5efit ( ! ,quirit>ian ,law1 c4444 ,/ill nei!r ! int]e/ nor ! security ( ,rome p]mitt$ him to be q outlaw$4444 ,moreov]1 at no p]iod ( ,roman hi/ory 0 =eign trade entirely neglect$4 ,x 0 !re=e probably half z a measure ( policy & half 9 fur!rance ( comm]ce t jurisdiction 0 fir/ assum$ 9 disputes to :i* ! p>ties 7 ei!r =eign]s or a native & a =eign]4 ,! assumption ( su* a jurisdiction br\ght ) x ! imm$iate necessity ( discov]+ "s pr9ciples on :i* ! que/ions to be adjudicat$ ^u c\ld be settl$4444 ,!y refus$1 z ,i h said be=e1 to decide ! new cases by pure ,roman civil law4 ,!y refus$1 no d\bt1 because x seem$ to involve "s k9d ( degradation1 to apply ! law ( ! p>ticul> ,/ate f :i* ! =eign litigant came4 ,! exp$i5t to :i* !y resort$ 0 t ( select+ ! rules ( law common to ,rome1 & to ! diff]5t ,italian communities 9 :i* ! immigrants 7 born4 ,9 o!r words1 !y set !mselves to =m a sy/em answ]+ to ! primitive & lit]al mean+ ( jus g5tium1 i4e4 law common to all nations4 ,jus g5tium 01 9 fact1 ! sum ( ! common +r$i5ts 9 ! cu/oms ( ! old ,italian tribes1 = !y 7 all ! nations :om ! ,romans _h ! means ( obs]v+1 & :o s5t successive sw>ms ( immigrants to ! ,roman soil4444 ,! jus g5tium 01 accord+ly1 a collection ( rules & pr9ciples det]m9$ by obs]vation to be common to ! in/itutions :i* prevail$ among ! v>i\s ,italian tribes4 ,! circum/ances ( ! orig9 ( ! jus g5tium 0 probably a suffici5t safegu>d aga9/ ! mi/ake ( suppos+ t ! ,roman lawy]s _h any special respect = x4 ,x 0 ! fruit 9 "p ( _! disda9 ( all =eign law1 & 9 "p ( _! dis9cl9ation to give ! =eign] ! advantage ( _! own indig5\s jus civile4 ,x is true t we1 at ! pres5t day1 %\ld probably take a v diff]5t view ( ! jus g5tium4444 ,we %\ld h a sort ( respect = rules & pr9ciples s univ]sal4444 ,b ! results to :i* mod]n ideas conduct ! obs]v]1 are1 z ne>ly z possible1 ! rev]se ( ^? :i* 7 in/9ctively br\ght home to ! primitive ,roman4 ,:at we respect or admire1 he dislik$ or reg>d$ ) jeal\s dread4 ,! po9ts ( jurisprud5ce :i* he look$ ^u ) affection 7 exactly ^? :i* a mod]n !ori/ leaves out ( consid]ation z accid5tal & transitory--! solemn ge/ures 444 ! endless =malities1 c4444 ,! jus g5tium 0 m]ely a sy/em =c$ on 8 att5tion by a political necessity4 ,he lov$ x z little z he lov$ ! =eign]s f ^: in/itutions x 0 d]iv$1 & = ^: b5efit x 0 int5d$4 ,a complete revolution 9 8 ideas 0 requir$ be=e x c\ld *all5ge 8 respect4444 ,?is crisis arriv$ :5 ! ,greek !ory ( a law ( nature 0 appli$ to ! practical ,roman adm9i/ration ( ! law common to all nations4--,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's ,anci5t ,law1 #df-eb4 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's !ory may be summ>is$ z an attempt to id5tify ! ,law ( ,nations ) ! hi/ory ( ,roman law1 leav+ out ( sight ! tradition ( x :i* may be trac$ 9 o!r nations4 ,n[1 al?\gh !re is no?+1 z ,napoleon us$ to say1 :i* "o nation hates m ?an ano!r nation--& ?is c]ta9ly holds true ( ! ,roman p--yet x is sc>cely possible to po9t to any :i*1 f ! circum/ances ( its orig91 w\ld h be5 less pr$ispos$ to look 9 ! ab/ract ) disda9 ^u ! laws & cu/oms ( surr\nd+ nations1 h[ev] mu* !y may h hat$ !m z concrete nationalities2 & lea/ ( all w\ld !y h _h ?is feel+ = ! in/itutions ( ! ,lat9s1 a p :om1 f _! peculi> connection ) !mselves1 !y w\ld pr9cipally h _h z resid5ts among !m4 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e seems unable to %ake (f ! prepossession1 :i* ! analysis ( ,roman law1 to ! exclusion ( o!r evid5ce1 w\ld t5d to lead him1 viz4 t ! ,romans 7 a homog5e\s p1 & we h j he>d him speak ( _! own indig5\s jus civile4 ,?is indig5\s jus civile 0 comp\nd$1 z 0 _! nationality1 ( _m miscellane\s elem5ts4 ,:atev] tru? may be atta*$ to ! leg5ds z to ! f\ndation ( ,rome1 & !y are v>i\s1 x _c well be disput$ t !re 0 a /rong trace ( ,sab9e#bib & ,etruscan1#bic 9 addition to ! orig9al miscellane\s ,roman1 or1 if n miscellane\s1 pure ,lat9 elem5t2 to :i*1 9 any case1 9 ! subsequ5t reigns a l>ge ,lat9 immigration mu/ be add$1 :5 ,rome1 ?r\gh ! conque/ ( ,alba ,longa1 became ! head ( ! ,lat9 league1 & ! infusion ( a ,greek 9 addition to an ,etruscan elem5t 9 ! dyna/y ( ! ,t>qu9s4 ,! ,lat9 league has its significance ov] & above its be>+ ^u ! pres5t argum5t2 & to ?is ,i %all pres5tly rev]t4 ,b to g no fur!r1 does n ! exi/5ce ( ! ,lat9 league#bid suffici5tly acc\nt = ! l>ge influx ( /rang]s into ,rome1 on acc\nt ( :i* ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e sees ! necessity = an ext5sion ( ! ,roman jurisprud5ce8 ,b1 if ?is be s1 8 !ory mu/ fall to ! gr\nd2 =1 if ! ,roman elem5t 0 di/9ctive at all1 & 0 a pure ,lat9 population1 miscellane\sly collect$ by ,romulus1 & n a miscellane\s population ( v>i\s tribes--x 0 ,lat9 qu ,roman4 ,h[ !n1 suppos+ ! ,roman elem5t to h become pr$om9ant1 did x come to contemn ! ,lat9 elem5t & ! law ( ! ,lat9s8 ,t x exclud$ !m is ano!r ?+1 or t !y 7 kept 9 a subord9ate position1 & n admitt$ to ! full privileges ( naturalisation1 is q conceivable on o!r gr\nds2 b t !re %\ld h exi/$ a feel+ ( contempt = ! laws & cu/oms ( ! p among :om1 if _! leg5ds 7 true 7& at any rate we h no?+ else to g ^u71 0 f\nd ! cradle ( _! race1 is h>d to und]/&1 yet ?is assumption is ess5tial to ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's position4 #bib ,i %all consid] t ,dr ,dy] has fairly re9/at$ a l>ge portion ( e>ly ,roman hi/ory until ,i see 8 argum5ts refut$4 ,)\t endors+ 8 op9ion ,i may quote :at ,dr ,dy] says 7,hi/4 ( ! ,city ( ,rome1 p4 #bg7 9 evid5ce ( ! admixture ( ! ,sab9e elem5t3-- ,! importance ( ! ,sab9e elem5t at ,rome has n p]haps be5 suffici5tly consid]$4 ,! late ,m4 ,amp]e has discuss$ ! subject ) great le>n+ & ability 9 8 int]e/+ "w1 ',l',hi/oire ,roma9e ,rome4' ,he rem>ks t n only did ! ,romans borr[ f ! ,sab9es almo/ all _! religi\s & mu* ( _! political & social organisation1 _! cu/oms1 c]emonies1 arms1 c41 b also t ! f> great] "p ( ! primitive population ( ,rome 0 ,sab9e1 t mo/ ( ! m5 :o play$ a "p 9 ,roman hi/ory 7 ( ,sab9e extraction1 & t :at is call$ ! ,lat9 tongue conta9s a /rong infusion ( ,sab9e elem5ts4 #bic ,evid5ces ( ! ,etruscan elem5t are s m>k$1 t ,niebhr1 9 8 fir/ edition1 ass]t$ ! ,etruscan orig9 ( ! city4 ,he subsequ5tly1 h[ev]1 came to ! conclusion t !re 0 s mu* 9 ! ,roman /ate t 0 peculi> to ,rome & ,latium1 z to be incompatible ) ! supposition ( ,rome be+ an ,etruscan colony4--,app5dix to ,trav]s ,twiss' ,epitome ( ,niebhr4 #bid ,a f$]al union exi/$ betwe5 ! ,roman p & ! ,lat9s 9 ! reign ( ,s]vius ,tullius 7,niebhr1 i4 *4 xxv47 ,! old ,lat9 t[ns _h reta9$ _! anci5t rights1 & ! colonies1 t toge!r ) !m =m$ ! ,lat9 nation1 _h all receiv$ ! full fre$om ( ,rome1 & _h become municipia a full c5tury be=e ! ,consul ,junius ,norbanus introduc$ ! fran*ise ( ! ,lat9 fre$m54444 ,! t[ns on ! nor? ( ! ,po1 inhabit$ by a mix$ population ( ,italians & ,celts speak+ ,lat91444 7 t]m$ ! ',less] ,latium4'444 ,a law :i* reg>d$ ,lat9 citiz5s z =eign]s1 & appli$ to !m ! pr9ciple t ! *ild foll[s ! condition ( ! bas] p>5t1 c only h relat$ to ?is inf]ior ,latium4 7,niebhr1 ii4 *4 vi47 ,aga91 ! ,roman family & tribal sy/em1 ) _! pr9ciple ( agnatic relation%ip1 0 9 all probability "p ( _! organisation = w>3 x 0 ! secret ( _! /r5g?4 ,grant t !y %rank f apply+ ! pr9ciples ( _! dome/ic law1 :i* 9 _! application w\ld h involv$ 9 "t an organisation 9 con=mity ) x1 we c at once see :y !y )held ! pr9ciples ( _! jurisprud5ce )\t )hold+ x 9 m]e scorn ( an ali5 nationality4 ,we r see influ5ces :i* w\ld h pr$ispos$ !m to look ) rev]5ce on ! laws & cu/oms ( a p among :om !y mu/ h kn[n t !y _h sprung1 ev5 if !re _h be5 no tradition ( a law common to all nations ( ! lo/ code ( nature1 a notion :i* ! edicts ( ! prtors ( ! lat] p]iod w\ld h>dly h g5]at$ if x _h _h no f\ndation 9 tradition4 ,if y *ange ! v5ue to ,etruria1 ! same argum5ts w apply4 ,9 pro(1 ,i quote ! foll[+ passage f a compet5t1 if some:at antiquat$ 7#ahcg7 au?ority--7,pa/oret1 ,hi/4 de la ,legislation1 xi4 #cee7--m especially z x m5tions a circum/ance to :i* ,i d n rememb] t ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e adv]ts1 & :i* w\ld make x a matt] ( "s difficulty = ! prtors to introduce laws & pr9ciples ( _! own mak+3 ,peu amis de la gu]re1 ,ancus ,m>tius v\lut du mo9s aj\t] l'art de la faire quelques =malits p\r la decl>]2 elles to9t d'usage avant lui *ez des peuples vois9s2 ce sont les lois fciales1 lois que n\s avons dj fait connotre 7c4 iii4 #bhf74 ,l'adoption des lois trusques p> les ,roma9s reoit une =ce n\velle d'un fait cons]v p> ,dnys et ,halic>nasse 7,liv4 ii4 #bg72 c'e/ que aprs l'abolition de la mon>*ie on exposa dans la place publique de ,rome la vue de t\s les citoy5s t\tes les lois et c\tmes de la patrie1 avec les lois trang]es n\vellem5t introduites1 af9 que le droit publie ne *anget pas en mme temps que les p\voirs du magi/rat4 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e says1 at p4 #aea1 ,! prtors e>ly laid hold on cognation z ! natural =m ( k9%ip1 & sp>$ no pa9s 9 purify+ _! sy/em f ! old] conception i4e4 old] accord+ to ,roman law4 ,_! ideas h desc5d$ to u1 b /ill traces ( agnation are to be se5 9 _m ( ! mod]n rules ( succession aft] dea?4 ,! read] w f9d 7f p4 #adf to #afj7bie 9 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e ! di/9ction betwe5 cognation & agnation v completely & lucidly /at$4 ,i may say r\ghly1 h[ev]1 t cognation is ! =m ( relation%ip :i* we ackn[l$ge & :i* is famili> to u1 desc5d+ 9 graduat$ degrees1 includ+ males & females alike1 f common ance/ors4 ,agnatic relation%ip is rigidly conf9$ to ! male l9es1 exclud+ ! connections & desc5dants ( females1 ^u ! maxim1 ,muli] e/ f9is famili1 ?\gh includ+ unm>ri$ females on ! side ( ! fa!r4 #bie ,vide also ,de ,fresquet1 ,droit ,roma91 ii4 #be-bi4 ,n[1 ,i v5ture to ?9k t ! argum5t :i* may be drawn f ! passage :i* ,i h quot$ ought n lightly to be dismiss$ z a m]e argum5tum ad hom9em4 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e says t ! prtors e>ly laid hold on cognation z ! natural =m ( k9%ip4 ,ei!r1 !n1 !y did ?is really detect+ ?is pr9ciple z inh]+ 9 ! natural law :i* 0 9 tradition1 or z detect+ x z ! law common to all ! nations kn[n to ! ,romans4 ,9 ! latt] case1 x %[s t1 :]eas cognation 0 common among ! surr\nd+ nations1 agnation obta9$ among ! ,romans4 ,! latt] 0 !re=e _! peculi> in/itution1 :i* su/a9s ! argum5t :i* ,i h j put4 ,if1 on ! contr>y1 !y detect$ cognation und]ly+ ! in/itutions ( all nations1 & z "p ( _! traditional law ( nature1 we _c wi% = a bett] & cle>] in/ance ( ! natural law cropp+ up4 ,& x is an in/ance1 too1 ( ! advantage at :i* ^? argue :o h on _! side ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 indicat+ ! l&m>ks4 ,kn[+ t mank9d sprang f a s+le pair1 we c see t cognation mu/ h be5 ! law f ! comm5cem5t3 = x /&s to reason t comm5c+ ) common ance/ors ! normal & natural mode w\ld be to include all ! relations accord+ to degrees ( desc5t1 until !re 0 "s object 9 exclud+ !m4 ,) "s political necessity or exp$i5cy = ! limitation to males & ! exclusion ( females w\ld agnation h comm5c$4 ,if we require a case 9 po9t we h x 9 ! relation%ip ( ,laban to ,jacob4 ,accord+ to agnatic relation%ip !y 7 second c\s9s1 b accord+ to cognatic relation%ip ,laban 0 8 mat]nal uncle1 & su* accord+ly he is call$ 9 ! sacr$ text 7,g54 xxviii4 #b74 ,b 9 ! sev5? c5tury be=e ,*ri/1 9 ! ?ickness ( ,paganism1 m5 w\ld sc>cely h come to ?is conclusion1 s9ce !y _h app>5tly lo/1 z f> z we "k1 ! k ( _! orig92 al?\gh1 z we h already se51 !y reta9$ dimly ! tradition ( _m ?+s ( :i* !y _h =gott5 ! specific hi/ory4 ,f ! in=mation we d]ive f ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e1 ! memory ( cognation1 z ! e>lie/ & mo/ natural s*eme ( k9%ip1 mu/ someh[ h subsi/$ 9 tradition4 ,x 0 n c]ta9ly 9 _! p[] to v]ify ! tru? ( ! tradition z we c by a ref]5ce to revelation1 & yet x w\ld seem z if1 hav+ come to ?is conclusion1 t x 0 almo/ )9 ! grasp ( human reason to h inf]r$ f x ! orig9 f a s+le pair1 & ?us to h recov]$ ! k !y _h lo/ f ! tradition !y _h pres]v$4#bif #bif ,! above table %[s t be=e ! sep>ation ( ! ,aryan race1 e "o ( ! degrees ( aff9ity _h receiv$ expression & sanction 9 language1 =1 al?\gh "s spaces _h to be left empty1 ! co9cid5ces1 su* z !y are1 are suffici5t to w>rant "o g5]al conclusion4--,vide table1 ,max ,mll]'s ,essays1 ii4 p4 #ca4 ,( c\rse1 ,i am speak+ only ( ! actual aff9ity1 n ( laws ( succession f\nd$ ^u x4 ,^! mu/ be controll$ by o!r consid]ations1 & by o!r natural rights1 z1 = in/ance1 ! "r ( te/ation or by reasons ( ,/ate requir+ h]$it>y succession & a ,salic law1 or by reasons ( family compell+ ! agnatic rule z ! only mode ( pres]v+ ! ance/ral doma9 to ! family--a necessity :i* applies z /r+5tly to small freeholds z to broad manors4 ,9 illu/ration1 ,i quote ! foll[+ passage f ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,smi?'s ,p5tateu* 7above ref]r$ to1 *4 xiii41 ,indirect int]nal evid5ce ( ,mosaic au?or%ip1 vol4 i4 #cjg7--;,z ! j\rney 7,exodus7 proce$s s laws orig9ate f ! accid5ts ( ! way4444 ,! laws regulat+ ! succession to prop]ty furni% an example ( ! same k9d4 ,9 ,numb]s xxvi4 #cb-cf x is orda9$ 9 accordance ) patri>*al usage1 t ! family inh]itance desc5d by ! male l9e4 ,b a case imm$iately turns up :]e !re happ5s to be no male issue4 ,zelophahad _h left no sons1 b only daught]s1 & :at 0 to become ( ! prop]ty8 ,h[ 0 ! succession to be regulat$8 ,to meet ! case1 ,jehovah ord]s ,moses to proclaim ! law ( ,numb]s xxvii4 #h-aa1 9 virtue ( :i* daught]s1 9 failure ( sons1 are to succe$4 ,%ortly aft]1 a new difficulty arises4 ,z heiresses1 ! daught]s ( ,zelophahad 7 n[ to h prop]ty ( _! own4 ,b if !y m>ri$ out ( _! tribe1 0 ! prop]ty to g ) !m8 7,num4 xxxvi4 #a-i47 ,su* a condition w\ld at once h upset ! fundam5tal laws ( inh]itance4 ,h5ce1 to avoid ! evil1 !y are enjo9$ to m>ry )9 _! own tribe2 & a g5]al law to ! same effect is promulgat$ 7xxxvi4 #h1 #i74 ,a few po9ts 9 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's argum5t 7supra1 p4 #ceb7 rema9 to be notic$4 ,i mu/ take exception1 = in/ance1 to 8 av]m5t t :at we respect & admire1 viz4 pr9ciples s univ]sal1 ! ,roman reg>d$ ) jeal\s dread4 ,! p>ts ( jurisprud5ce :i* he look$ ^u ) affection1 & ! solemn ge/ures1 c41 7 ! p>ts :i* a mod]n !ori/ leaves out ( consid]ation1 = he seems to h recognis$ _! ju/ice1 & all[$ !m to op]ate s effectually t 8 :ole sy/em ( jurisprud5ce1 :i* 0 orig9ally bas$ on agnatic k9%ip1 came r\nd to ! pr9ciple ( cognation4#big ,9 ! process1 & ?r\gh ! action s skilfully evolv$ & unfold$ 9 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's pages1 two pr9ciples1 equally to our m9d1 7 br\ght into gradual recollection1 viz4 ! comity ( nations & equality be=e ! law4 ,! solemn ge/ures1 ! nicely-adju/$ que/ions & answ]s ( ! v]bal contract1 ! endless =malities1 are at lea/ 9 evid5ce ( ! tradition4 #big ,we %\ld "k almo/ no?+ ab\t x 7agnation7 if we _h only ! compilations ( ,ju/9ian to consult2 b ! discov]y ( ! ,,ms4 ( ,gaius discloses x to u at a mo/ int]e/+ epo*1 j :5 x _h fall5 into complete discr$it1 & 0 v]g+ on ext9ction4--,anci5t ,law1 p4 #aec4 ,& ?is sugge/s a reflection ^u ! basis ( ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's argum5t1 viz4 t ! ,romans c\ld only draw _! induction f ! cu/oms ( ! old ,italian tribes1 z ^! 7 all ! nations :om ! ,romans _h ! means ( obs]v+4 ,n[1 if we atta* ! weight :i* is due to ,dr ,newman's rem>kable view 7vide supra7 z to ! c\rse & conf9es ( civilisation1 we %all be1 ,i ?9k1 /ruck ) ! fact t ! two nationalities ( ,greece & ,rome1 :i* 7 de/9$ to =m its he>t & c5tre1 _h z _! common sub/ratum a v peculi> p1 ^: *>act]i/ics exactly adapt$ !m to reta9 traditions1 & to c>ry out ! scriptural say+ ab\t ! p1 ,& !y %all ma9ta9 ! /ate ( ! _w--a p :o 7 ! fir/ occupi]s ( ! soil ( ,greece & ,italy1 & :o1 if n directly & hi/orically1 c ?r\gh philology be trac$ back to ! mo/ primitive times2#bih a p t5aci\s ( cu/oms & traditions1#bii :o 7 ! gu>dians ( ! wor%ip & tradition ( ! ,dodonan ,jupit]1#cjj & 9 possession ( 8 %r9e :5 ! wor%ip ( ,jupit] 0 only ! ?9ly-disguis$ corruption ( ! wor%ip ( ! true ,god2#cja a p to :om1 accord+ to ,mr ,glad/one1 ! ,greek religion ow$ its sac]dotal & c]emonial developm5t1#cjb & :o also incl9es to ! op9ion1 :i* has a m especial significance1 & be>+ on ! pres5t argum5t1 t ! ,amphictyonic ,c\ncil 0 a ,pelasgian in/itution4 #bih ,glad/one's ,hom]1 i4 #cje-cgb4 #bii ,id4 i4 #ajf-ajh4 #cjj ,! ,greek my?ology 0 d]iv$ f ! ,pelasgians1 & ! oracle ( ,dodona belong$ to !m4--,niebhr1 ,hi/4 i4 #bh4 ,! ,pelasgians 7 a diff]5t nation f ! ,hell5es3 _! language 0 peculi>1 & n ,greek4444 ,! ,pelasgians1 z well z ! ,hell5es1 7 memb]s ( ! ,amphictyonic association1 ! ma9 tie ( :i* 0 religion1 9 :i* bo? nations agre$4--,niebhr1 ,hi/4 i4 7,trav]s ,twiss' ,epitome1 *4 iii47 ,! royal laws became odi\s or obsolete1 ! my/]i\s deposit 0 sil5tly pres]v$ by ! prie/s & ! nobles1 & at ! end ( sixty ye>s ! citiz5s ( ,rome /ill compla9$ t !y 7 rul$ by ! arbitr>y s5t5ce ( ! magi/rate2 yet ! positive in/itutions ( ! k+s _h bl5d$ !mselves ) ! public & private mann]s ( ! city2 "s fragm5ts ( t v5]able jurisprud5ce 7 compil$ by ! dilig5ce ( antiqu>ians1 & above tw5ty texts /ill speak ! rud5ess ( ! ,pelasgic idiom ( ! ,lat9s4--,gibbon's ,decl9e & ,fall1 vol4 viii4 *4 xiv4 #cja ,glad/one1 ii4 #agc1 c42 ,/rabo4 #cjb ,id4 i4 #bid4 ,n[1 let u consid] ?is special significance ( ! ,amphictyonic ,c\ncil4 ,on ! "o h&1 x is attribut$ to ,amphictyon1 ! son ( ,deucalion2 on ! o!r h& 7z ,i %all pres5tly %[71 we see ! almo/ id5tical in/itution 9 ,italy 9 contact ) ,roman law4 ,:at1 !n1 0 ! ,amphictyonic ,c\ncil8 ,^? :o h writt5 ^u x appe> to me to h endeav\r$ to reg>d x too mu* z a f$]ation4 ,h5ce a d\ble error4 ,on ! "o side x 0 f\nd t1 in/ead ( be+ a f$]ation ( all ,greece1 at mo/ x 0 only a f$]ation ( twelve cities2 x 0 fur!r f\nd t x _h no ext]nal action1 & t on occasions1 z1 e4g4 ! ,p]sian w>1 9 :i* ! :ole nation ( ,greece act$ z "o p1 x made no appe>ance4#cjc ,a feel+ ( disappo9tm5t necess>ily sup]v5$1 & x 0 ask$1 if n a f$]ation1 :at 0 x8 ,on ! o!r h&1 al?\gh n a f$]ation = ! purposes ( gov]nm5t or w>1 x w\ld be an equal error to d5y t x 0 a f$]ation = c]ta9 purposes1 m or less invisible to ! eye1 & :i* = su* purposes reta9$ suffici5t vitality to assemble deputies twice a ye>1 & dur+ sev]al c5turies1 = x is c]ta9 t x subsi/$ to ! close ( ,grecian hi/ory1 :51 inde$1 we are a/oni%$ to f9d t :5 fai? 9 ev]y?+ else _h di$ out1 belief 9 ! ,amphictyons aga9 flick]s into life4 ,x is true t we "k little1 b ! little t has transpir$ implies s mu* m4 ,7 x n = a casual passage 9 a spee* ( s*9es1 we %\ld h>dly h kn[n m ?an ( _! exi/5ce4 ,z x is1 we are ?r[n back ^u conjecture1 & ^u :at we c recov] indirectly f tradition4 ,n[1 if we suppose ! ,amphictyonic ,c\ncil to h tradit$ d[n1 & to h be5 a f$]ation = ! purposes ( tradit+ d[n f primitive times1 ev5 9 _! rudim5t>y =m1 ! rules & pr9ciples ( ! laws ( nations1 mu* t is /range & my/]i\s 9 its hi/ory w disappe>4#cjd ,x w at once acc\nt = its duration & pre/ige1 9 spite ( its inactivity & m]ely passive exi/5ce1 ev5 suppos+ t x is r$uc$ 9 our e/imation to a sort ( convocation1 p[]less = action1 & m]ely keep+ alive a tradition ( ! pa/4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 ! fact ( its m]ely be+ a f$]ation ( twelve ,/ates1 :i* is g5]ally adduc$ to r$uce x to unimportance1 tak5 9 connection ) ano!r fact :i* ,i %all pres5tly sub/antiate1 really militates 9 fav\r ( my argum5t4 ,x %[s t in/ead ( be+ ! "o typical in/itution ( ! sort1 x is only ! "o :i* /&s out mo/ prom95tly 9 hi/ory1 & m]ely h&$ d[n a tradition :i* 0 common to _m o!rs4 ,i h already allud$ to ! ,lat9 league1 ?r\gh :i*1 app>5tly1 ! ,romans recov]$ _! tradition ( ! law common to all nations4 ,if all ^! isolat$ f$]ations reta9$ _! tradition ( a law common to all nations--al?\gh practically limit$ to ! memb]s ( _! own conf$]ation--is x n at once 9 evid5ce ( ! action ( ! ,disp]sion & at ! same "t ( a tradition ant]ior to ! disruption8 ,)\t pret5d+ to h gone ov] ! gr\nd necess>y to pres5t an exhau/ive catalogue ( su* f$]ations1 ,i may pres5t ! foll[+ facts 9 evid5ce & illu/ration4 #cjc ,vide1 ,pa/oret1 ,hi/4 de la ,legislation1 v4 #ba4 #cjd ,! oa? tak5 by ! deputies b\nd ! ,amphictyons n to de/roy any ( ! ,amphictyonic cities1 or to deb> !m f ! use ( _! f\nta9s 9 peace or w>2 to make w> on any :o %\ld transgress 9 ^! p>ticul>s 444 or :o %\ld plund] ! prop]ty ( ! god 7! ,delph9e ,apollo74444 ,?is is ! olde/ =m ( ! ,amphictyonic oa? :i* has be5 record$1 & is expressly call$ by sk9es ! anci5t oa? ( ! ,amphictyons4--,cyclop4 ( ,arts & ,sci5ces4 ,outside ! ,amphictyonic union !re 7 o!r f$]ations1 ev5 )9 ! conf9es ( ,greece itself3-- ,qui avoi5t le mme c>actre1 et peut-tre un c>actre plus intime d'association entre des etats vois9s1 p\r honor] ensemble des dieux1 ou p\r se prt]1 dans c]ta9s cas1 un appui necessaire4 ,il s'en reunissoit une non lo9 de ,trezime ou ,argolide1 une autre ,cor9!1 une autre ,on*i/e en ,beotie2 on en tr\ve de semblables encore dans plusieurs les de la ,grece1 et dans les colonies de l',asie ,m9eure4#cje ,ces associations1 au re/e1 ne second]5t pas mo9s la civilisation g5]ale que n'auroit pu le faire un ,amphictyonat univ]sel4--,pa/oret1 ,hi/4 de la ,legis41 v4 #bg4 #cje ,! ,ionian f$]ation1 compos$ also ( twelve cities1 0 almo/ id5tical4 ,l'association s'etoit =me d'abord entre les d\ze cits1 en y compr5ant les deux les vois9es de ,samos et de ,*io4444 ,on s'assembloit dans un lieu sacr du ,mont ,mycale1 que les ,ionians avoi5t d$is en commun ,neptune4--,pa/oret1 ix4 #agj4 ,!re 0 also a conf$]acy ( sev5 /ates1 :i* met 9 ! temple ( ,neptune1 9 ! isl& ( ,calauria1 & :i* is ev5 call$ by ,/rabo1 viii4 #cgd1 an ,amphictyonic ,c\ncil4--,cyclop4 ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 art4 ,amphic4 ,c\ncil4 ,we f9d ! same f$]ations :5 we come to ,italy3-- ,among ! o!r works ( ,s]vius ,tullius 0 a temple ( ,diana1 :i* he erect$ on ! ,av5t9e1 app>5tly ne> ! pres5t *ur* ( ,/a4 ,prisca4 ,?is temple1 9 imitation ( ! ,amphictyonic conf$]acy1 0 to be ! common sanctu>y & place ( meet+ = ! cities belong+ to ! ,lat9 league1 ( :i* ,rome _h become ! *ief ?r\gh ! conque/ ( ,alba ,longa2 & h] supremacy 0 tacitly ackn[l$g$ by ! temple be+ erect$ ) money contribut$ by ! ,lat9 cities4 ,x is said to h be5 an imitation ( ! ,artemisium1 or temple ( ,diana at ,ephesus4 7,liv4 i4 #de2 ,dionys4 iv4 #bf2 ,v>ro1 ,l4 ,l4 v4 #dc2 ,val4 ,max41 vii4 #c1 #a47 ,! braz5 column conta9+ ! t]ms ( ! league1 & ! names ( ! cities belong+ to x1 0 pres]v$ 9 ! "t ( ,dionysius4--,dy]'s ,hi/4 ( ,city ( ,rome1 p4 #ea4 ,comp>e ?is ) ,niebhr1 ,hi/4 ii4 *ap4 ii4 7,trav]s ,twiss' ,epitome47 ,s long z ,latium _h a dictator1 none b he c\ld (f] sacrifice on ! ,alban m\nt1 & preside at ! ,lat9 holidays1 z ! ,alban dictator _h done be=e4 ,he sacrific$ on behalf ( ! ,romans likewise1 z !y did 9 ! temple ( ,diana on ! ,av5t9e = !mselves & ! ,lat9s4444 ,! op9ion t ! la/ ,t>qu9ius or 8 fa!r con/itut$ ! fe/ival is q errone\s1 z its antiquity is prov$ to h be5 f> high]4 ,x is true t ,t>qu9ius conv]t$ x into a ,roman fe/ival1 & probably1 too1 by ?r[+ x op5 to a l>g] body1 trans=m$ ! national wor%ip ( ! ,lat9s into ! means ( hall[+ & cem5t+ ! union betwe5 ! /ates4 ,! ?ree alli$ republics _h ea* its own place ( meet+--at ,rome1 at ! spr+ ( ,f]5t9a1 & at ,anagnia1 :]e ! concilium ( ! ,h]nican tribes 0 held 9 ! circus2 t ! sitt+s ( ! diets 7 connect$ ) ! ,lat9 fe/ival1 seems to be ev9c$ by ! usage1 t ! consuls nev] took ! field till aft] x 0 solemnis$2 & by its v>iabl5ess1 :i* implies t x 0 regulat$ by special proclamation4 ,l ! ,greek fe/ivals x ensur$ a sacr$ truce4 ,9 ^! extracts we come ^u a f$]ation resembl+ ! ,amphictyonic league1 ^: union is also cem5t$ at a religi\s fe/ival1 ! orig9 ( :i* mu/ be s\ght = 9 remote antiquity1 & :i* fe/ival has a direct connection ) que/ions ( peace & w>4 ,we also cat* glimpses ( simil> f$]ation among ! ,h]nici & ,m>si4 ,n[1 let u g to q an opposite po9t2 &1 if we f9d ! same /ratification cropp+ up1 may we n conjecture x to h be5 once ! same ?r\gh\t4 ,:5 ! ,europeans made _! fir/ settlem5ts 9 ,am]ica1 six su* nations _h =m$ a league1 _h _! ,amphictyons or /ates-g5]al1 & by ! firmness ( _! union1 & ! ability ( _! c\ncils1 _h obta9$ an asc5dant f ! m\? ( ! ,/ ,lawr5ce to t ( ! ,mississippi4 ,!y appe>$ to und]/& ! objects ( ! conf$]acy z well z ^? ( sep>ate nations2 !y /udi$ a balance ( p[]4444 ,!y _h _! alliances & treaties1 :i*1 l ! nations ( ,europe1 !y ma9ta9$ or !y broke ^u reasons ( /ate1 & rema9$ at peace f a s5se ( necessity or exp$i5cy1 & w5t to w> ^u any em]g5cy ( provocation or jeal\sy4#cjf #cjf ,adam ,f]gusson1 ,essay on ,civil ,society1 #acj4 ,:atev] ! conduct ( ! ,iroquois or ,five ,nations 7sometimes c\nt$ z six7 may h be5 t[>ds surr\nd+ nations1 ! fidelity ) :i* !y held to _! compacts among !mselves is fully ackn[l$g$4 ,cold5 7,hi/ory ( ! ,five ,indian ,nations7 says1 ,?is union has cont9u$ s long t ! ,*ri/ians "k no?+ ( ! orig9al ( x4444 ,ea* ( ^! nations is an absolute republick by itself1 & e ca/le 9 ea* nation makes an indep5d5t republick & is gov]n$ by its own ',sa*ems' or old m54444 ,!y h c]ta9 cu/oms :i* !y obs]ve 9 _! publick transactions ) o!r nations1 & 9 _! private affairs among !mselves2 :i* x is sc&al\s = any "o among !m n to obs]ve1 & ^! always draw aft] !m ei!r publick or private res5tm5t :5ev] !y are broke4 ,9 ,plato's ,republic1 ,x is laid d[n t ! ,greeks are natural enemies ( ! b>b>ians1 b are natural fri5ds & allies ( "o ano!r1 s t all ho/ilities betwe5 ,greek /ates are to be avoid$--are to be conduct$ on pr9ciples ( mildness & =be>ance1 & to be consid]$ z civil discord r ?an =eign w>4 ,! t5 k+s ( ! ,atlantic isl& 7 nev] to make w> on ea* o!r--!re 0 a sort ( ,congress betwe5 !m4 ,critias1 *ap4 #ae4 ,sir ,g4 ,c4 ,lewis1 ,me?od1 c41 ii4 #bcd4 ,?is1 tak5 9 connection ) :at we "k ( ! ,amphictyonic ,c\ncil1 reads m l tradition ?an fiction4 ,9 ,mexico also !re 0 t rem>kable league1 :i* inde$ has no p>allel 9 hi/ory 787 ,x 0 agre$ betwe5 ! ,/ates ( ,mexico1 ,tezcuco1 & ! neighb\r+ little k+dom ( ,tlascopan1 t !y %\ld mutually support ea* o!r 9 _! w>s1 (f5sive & def5sive1 & t 9 ! di/ribution ( ! spoil "o-fif? %\ld be assign$ to ,tlascopan1 & ! rema9d] be divid$--9 :at proportions is unc]ta9--betwe5 ! two o!r p[]s4444 ,:at is m extraord9>y ?an ! treaty itself1 h[ev]1 is ! fidelity ) :i* x 0 ma9ta9$4--,prescott's ,mexico1 i4 p4 #ag4 ,& 9 ! republic ( ,tlascala1 x is said 7id4 i4 #cgh7 aft] ! lapse ( ye>s1 ! in/itutions ( ! nation und]w5t an important *ange !y _h previ\sly sep>at$ into ?ree divisions1 ( :i* ,tlascala 0 ! l>ge/4 ,! mon>*y 0 divid$1 fir/ into two1 aft]w>ds into f\r sep>ate /ates1 b\nd toge!r by a sort ( f$]al compact1 probably n v nicely def9$4 ,ea* /ate1 h[ev]1 _h its "l or sup]ior *ief1 indep5d5t 9 8 own t]ritories1 & possess$ ( co-ord9ate au?ority ) ! o!rs 9 all matt]s conc]n+ ! :ole republic4 ,! affairs ( gov]nm5t1 especially all ^? relat+ to peace & w>1 7 settl$ 9 a s5ate or c\ncil1 consi/+ ( ! f\r lords1 ) _! inf]ior nobles4 ,! ,tlascalans subsequ5tly incorporat$ ! ,o?onius1 or ,otomius 7p4 #cgh74 ,"h1 z 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,leagues1 ! prim>y objects ( ! law ( nations seem to h be5 secur$ )9 ! limits ( _! conf$]ation1 or ( :at !y w\ld h deem$ ! pale ( civilization4 ,! requirem5ts ( _! horrible wor%ip 7i4e4 ! necessity ( procur+ human victims = _! sacrifices7 seems1 h[ev]1 to h ov]ridd5 e o!r consid]ation1 & to h impell$ !m to frequ5t w>s ) ! nations outside ! pale4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,tlascalans1 ! traditional l9es seem m cle>ly def9$4 ,i h already h9t$1 9 a note1 ) ref]5ce to ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,leagues t ! ,atlantis ( ,plato 01 z inde$ x pr(esses to be1 an embodim5t ( tradition1 & n1 z x is commonly reg>d$1 z a figm5t ( ! imag9ation2 b ?is /rikes me /ill m =cibly :5 ! ,league ( ! ,t5 ,k+s 9 ! ,atlantis is comp>$ ) ! ,league ( ! ,tlascalans4 ,plato says3 ,! p>ticul>s respect+ ! gov]nors 7 in/itut$ f ! beg9n+ z foll[s4 ,ea* ( ! t5 k+s possess$ absolute au?ority1 bo? ov] ! m5 & ! great] "p ( ! laws 9 8 own division & 9 8 own city1 puni%+ & putt+ to dea? :omsoev] he pleas$4 ,b ! gov]nm5t & communion ( ^! k+s ) ea* o!r 7 con=mable to ! m&ates giv5 by ,neptune2 & ?is 0 likewise ! case ) _! laws4 ,^! m&ates 7 deliv]$ to !m by _! ance/ors on a pill> ( ori*alcum1 :i* 0 erect$ ab\t ! middle ( ! isl&1 9 ! temple ( ,neptune4 ,^! k+s1 !re=e1 assembl$ toge!r e fif?1 & alt]nately1 e six? ye>1 = ! purpose ( di/ribut+ an equal "p bo? ( ! ev5 & ! odd2 & :5 !y assembl$ !y delib]at$ on ! public affairs1 inquir$ if any "o _h act$ improp]ly 444 a sacrifice ( bulls 0 made 9 ! temple ( ,neptune1 at ! foot ( ! pill> ( ori*alcum4444 ,b on ! pill>1 besides ! laws1 !re 0 an oa?1 supplicat+ mighty imprecations aga9/ ^? :o 7 disob$i5t4444 ,!re 7 also _m o!r laws respect+ sacr$ conc]ns1 & su* z 7 peculi> to ! sev]al k+s2 b ! greate/ 7 ! foll[+3 t !y %\ld nev] wage w> aga9/ ea* o!r1 & t all ( !m %\ld give assi/ance if any "o p]son 9 "s "o ( _! cities %\ld endeav\r to extirpate ! royal race4 ,& z !y consult$ 9 common respect+ w>1 & o!r actions1 9 ! same mann] z _! ance/ors1 !y assign$ ! empire to ! ,atlantis family4--,plato's ,works1 ,syd5ham & ,taylor's tr41 ii4 #ehi4 ,i ?9k x w !n be conc$$1 t :e!r or n !re 0 a tradition ( a law common to all nations1 !re 7 at any rate *annels provid$1 well adapt$ to conduct & dissem9ate x1 & t ^! *annels ev]y:]e conv]ge ^u ! mo/ primitive times4 ,be=e proce$+ to asc]ta9 :e!r any?+ has 9 fact be5 transmitt$1 ,i mu/ draw att5tion m p>ticul>ly to ! circum/ance t ! tradition ( all law is ev]y:]e closely connect$ ) ! traditions ( religion1 has be5 h&$ d[n 9 a simil> mann]2 &1 s f> z x reta9s ! purity ( primitive tru?1 "u ! same sanction4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! foll[+ passages f ,cic]o appe>s to me to be v significant3 ,hanc igitur video sapi5tissimorum fuisse s5t5tiam legem neque hom9um +5iis excogitatum1 neque scitum aliquod esse populorum1 s$ t]num quiddam quod univ]sum mundum reg]at imp]&i1 prohib5dique sapi5ti4444 ,qu non tum d5ique incipit lex esse1 cum scriptum e/1 s$ tum cum orta e/2 orta autem simul e/ cum m5te div9a4 ,jam ritus famili patrumque s]v>i1 id e/ quoniam antiquitas proxima acc$it ad ,deos1 a ,deis quasi traditam1 religionem tu]i4--,cic]o de ,legibus1 ii4 #d1 #aa4 ,!re is ano!r curi\s passage :i* seems to prove t ! oracles orig9ally exi/$ simply = ! pres]vation ( ! primitive tradition2 &1 al?\gh mix$ up ) impo/ure1 t !y seem to h _h ! k1 or at lea/ ! in/9ct1 t _! pre/ige & p[] ( influ5ce 0 )9 ! limits ( ! traditions :i* !y _h corrupt$ or pres]v$4#cjg #cjg ,! g5]al assemblies ( ,greece 7 held at ,delos1 ,comme ,mtropole du ,culte1 ,pa/oret ix4 #ac4 ,ce qu'il y a d'assur1 c'e/ que le ,pontife ex]oit sur plusieurs objets une vritable adm9i/ration de la ju/ice4 ,la dcision n'en app>t5oit qu' lui4 ,les rgles qu'il devoit suivre1 le c>actre et l't5due de ses droits1 toi5t p>eillem5t tablis dans le recueil connu s\s le nom de ,jus ,pontificum 7,macrobe p>le deux fois de ce ,jus ,pontificum1 mais comme d'un ouvrage p]du4 ,saturn1 vii4 *ap4 xiii47 ,un fils du pontife roma9 ,publius ,scvola e/ mme cit dans le livre des ,lois comme prt5dant qu'on ne p\voit ex]c] un si haut m9i/re sans savoir le droit civil4 ,quoi1 t\t enti]8 dit ,cicron1 qui le refute2 et qui font au pontife le droit des m]s1 le droit des eaux1 ou d'autres droits semblables8--,pa/oret ix4 #bjc4 ,torts1 !n1 are copi\sly enl>g$ ^u 9 primitive jurisprud5ce4 ,x mu/ be add$ t ,s9s are kn[n to x also4 ,( ! ,teutonic codes x is almo/ unnecess>y to make ?is ass]tion4444 ,b x is also true t non-,*ri/ian bodies ( ar*aic law entail p5al consequ5ces on c]ta9 classes ( acts & on c]ta9 classes ( omissions1 z be+ violations ( div9e prescriptions & comm&s4 ,! law adm9i/]$ at ,a!ns by ! s5ate ( ! ,areopagus 0 probably a special religi\s code2 & at ,rome1 app>5tly f a v e>ly p]iod1 ! ,pontifical jurisprud5ce puni%$ adult]y1 sacrilege1 & p]haps murd]4 ,!re 71 !re=e1 9 ! ,a!nian & 9 ! ,roman /ates laws puni%+ s9s4--,sir ,h4 ,ma9e1 pp4 #cga1 #cgb4 ,! expression unwritt5 laws 7,greek3 agraphoi nomoi7 fir/ occurs 9 ! fun]al oration ( ,p]icles 7,?uc4 ii4 #cg71 :5 x appe>s to d5ote ^? laws ( ! /ate :i* are corroborat$ by ! moral sanction4 ,x next occurs4444 ,x5ophon1 ,mem4 iv4 #d1 #ai1 #be1 444 ! expression 0 d\btless adopt$ by ,socrates f popul> usage4 ,?us ,plato speaks ( ,greek3 ta kal\m5a hypo tn polln agrapha nomima 7,leg4 vii4 #gic74 ,vide ,sir ,g4 ,c4 ,lewis1 ,me?od ( ,rea4 9 ,pol41 ii4 #bg4 ,! laws call$ unwritt5 by ! multitude mu/ evid5tly imply laws kn[n to ! multitude b 9 tradition4 ,cic]o1 ,de ,natura ,deorum1 iii41 says1 ,habes1 ,balba1 quid ,cotta1 quid pontifex s5tiat4 ,fac nunc1 ego intelligam1 quid tu s5tias3 a te enim philosopho rationem accip]e debes religionis2 majoribus autem no/ris etiam nulla ratione r$dita cr$]e4 ,lex e/ cui hom9es obtemp]>e conv5it1 cum ob alia multa1 tum ab eo maxime quod lex omnis inv5tus quidem1 ac dei munus e/4 ,lex e/ sanctio sancta1 jub5s hone/a1 prohib5s contr>ia4 ,de9ceps 9 lege e/1 ut de ritibus patriis coluntur optimi1 de quo cum consul]5t ,a!ni5ses ,apoll9em ,py?ium1 quas potissimum religiones t5]5t1 oraculum editum e/ eas qu ess5t 9 m majorum4 ,quo cum it]um v5iss5t1 majorumque morem dixiss5t1 spe esse mutatum1 qusiviss5tque quem morem potissimum sequ]5tur1 e v>iis respondit1 optimum4 ,et p]fecto ita e/ ut id hab5dum sit antiquissimum et a ,deo proximum quod sit optimum4#cjh--;,cic]o de ,legibus1 ii4 #af4 #cjh ,?is la/ s5t5ce is only a gloss ( ,cic]o's f ! /oical po9t ( view1 s9ce cle>ly ! enunciation ( ! oracle w\ld compel ! conclusion1 t :at 0 mo/ anci5t & ne>e/ ! gods 0 ! be/1 & n t ! be/1 z ab/ractly conceiv$1 0 to be held ! mo/ anci5t1 c4 ,a mom5t's consid]ation w suffice to %[ t 9 ?is sub/itution is involv$ ! :ole ext5t ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! pr9ciple ( cons]vation & ! pr9ciple ( *ange4 ,demo/hne qui avait en faire tant de mauvaises lois1 prononait que t\tes les lois sont l'ouvrage et le prs5t des dieux et c'tait ce titre qu'il rclamit p\r elles l'obissance des hommes4 ,socrate pr(essait la mme doctr9e4--,ozanam1 ,les ,g]ma9s avant le ,*ri/ianisme1 i41 #aei4 ,aga91 ,qu& on tudie les lois indi5nes on y voit t\t un gr& peuple en*an p> la t]reur des dieux4 ,le livre de la loi s'annonce comme une revelation4444 ,les prescriptions du droit sacr envelopp5t p\r a9si dire t\te la vie civile1 et c'e/ l qu'on dec\vre enf9 la raison de tant de c\tumes dont les ,occid5taux avai5t cons]v la lettre1 mais non l'esprit4--,id4 p4 #afa4 ,if ! cu/oms & in/itutions ( b>b>ians h "o *>act]i/ic m /rik+ ?an ano!r1 x is _! extreme uni=mity 7,ma9e's ,anci5t ,law1 p4 #cff74 ,!re are 9 nature c]ta9 f\nta9s ( ju/ice :5ce all civil laws are d]iv$ b z /reams2 & l z wat]s d take t9ctures & ta/es f ! soils ?r\gh :i* !y run1 s d civil laws v>y accord+ to ! regions & gov]nm5ts :]e !y are plant$1 ?\gh !y proce$ f ! same f\nta9s4 7,bacon1 ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 ,b4 ii4 ,w4 iii4 #dge1 ap42 ,d4 ,r[l&1 ,on ! ,moral ,comm&m5ts1 p4 #he47 ,b ?is s5tim5t & tradition 0 n only common to ! p ( ,greece & ,rome1 b to ! yet uncivilis$ tribes ( ,g]many4 ,or les dispositions1 o la c\tume b>b>e et la loi roma9e s'accord5t1 sont encore celles qui sembl5t faire le fond des lgislations grques3 non que les d\ze tables ai5t t copies1 comme on l'a cru1 sur les lois de ,solon1 mais cause de l'troite p>5t des peuples de la ,grce et du ,latium4 ,a trav]s l'obscurit des sicles hroques1 on dc\vre un sac]doce puissant qui a ses premi]s tablissem5ts en ,?race1 en ,samo?race1 ,dodone1 et qui p]ptu]a son autorit p> l'in/itution des my/res4 ,on voit aussi la resi/ance d'une race belliqueuse4--,ozanam1 ,les ,g]ma9s avant le ,*ri/ianisme1 vol4 i4 *ap4 ,les ,lois4 ,au premi] abord ri5 ne semble plus contraire aux moeurs b>b>es que la loi roma9e1 si subtile1 si prcise1 si bi5 obie4 ,cep5dant si l'on en considre les orig9es1 on n'y tr\ve pas d'autres pr9cipes que ceux dont la trace subsi/ait dans les vieilles c\tumes de la ,g]manie4 ,le droit primitif du ,rome1 comme celui du ,nord1 e/ un droit sacr4--,ib4 p4 #adh4 ,il exi/ait *ez les ,g]ma9s une autorit religieuse1 dpositaire de la tradition1 et qui y tr\vait l'idal et le pr9cipe de t\t l'ordre civil4 ,cette autorit avait cr la proprit immobilire en la r5dant respectable p> des rites et des symboles1 444 elle l'engageait dans les li5s de la famille lgitime1 consacre p> la sa9tet du m>iage1 p> le culte des anctres1 p> la solid>it du sang3 elle l'enveloppait dans le corps de la nation sd5taire1 ou elle avait tabli une hi]>*ie de ca/e et de p\voir1 l'exemple de la hi]>*ie div9e de la cration 7p4 #adg74 ,dans cette suite de scnes dont se compose p\r a9si dire le drame judiciaire1 on reconnat un p\voir religieux1 qui *]*e sauv] la paix1 ds>m] la gu]re et qui s'y pr5d de trois faons diffr5tes 7p4 #adb74 ,n[1 if we are agre$ t fitt+ *annels = ! diffusion ( ! tradition exi/$2 if1 fur!r1 we f9d t all law seems to trace itself back to a common s\rce ( sup]natural revelation2 if ! resemblances 9 ! traditions conc]n+ ! lawgiv]s ( antiquity--&1 ) ! exception ( ,lycurgus1 ! agreem5t 9 ! fundam5tals ( _! codes--9 ! great l9es ( ! family1 prop]ty1 & ! ext]nal relations ( life1 seems to require ! supposition ( "s common f\nta9-head at :i* !y all fill$ ! pit*]--we %all1 ,i ?9k1 :5 we come to ! "q ( public law1 only require fur!r "s evid5ce ( a tradition ( maxims1 rules1 & prec$5ts ( proc$ure 9 w>1 f\nd$ on & appeal+ to natural "r1 & claim+ ! sanction ( ! gods1 to e/abli% ! exi/5ce ( a law common to all nations diff]5t f t :i* w\ld h aris5 f ! judgm5t ( ! prtors1 m]ely apply+ ! rules & maxims common to ! ,romans & ! adjo9+ nations1 9 case ( conflict :]e ! law ( ! ,/ate 0 n all[$ to be appli$ 7supra1 ,ma9e74 ,i %all1 d\btless1 be rem9d$ t ?is 0 only "p ( ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's argum5t1 & t x 0 ?is1 tak5 9 connection ) ! influ5ce ( ! ,/oics on ,roman law1 & ! /oical conception ( nature1#cji :i* creat$ ! fiction ( a law ( nature1 & ( a law common to all nations4 #cji ,l'erreur a t de croire qu'il n'e/ ri5 de plus facile l'homme que de suivre la nature1 t&is que c'e/ au contraire le *ef-d'oeuvre de l'art que de la cont5ir dans les bornes que la nature lui prescrit3 c'e/ o peuv5t pe9e p>v5ir les legislateurs les plus sages4 ,que de prjugs te9dre6 que d'erreurs combattre6 que d'habitudes va9cre6 t\tes *oses qui dans t\s les temps comm&5t imprieusem5t au g5re huma94--,l',antiquit dvoile p> ses usages1 i4 #a4 ii4 *4 iii4 p> ,b\lang]4 ,let x !n be grant$ t ! !ories & maxims ( ! ,/oics _h _! influ5ce on ,roman society & ,roman law4 ,x 0 only "p ( ! influ5ce :i* /ole ov] & ev]y:]e impregnat$ ! field ( primitive tradition4 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e %[s u h[ x at once seiz$ ^u ! elem5t ( law1 :i*1 be x 9 fiction only1 0 said to be common to all nations4 ,w\ld x ! less h seiz$ ^u x if1 in/ead ( be+ a fiction1 x _h be5 a reality8-- =tiori1 x w\ld h done s4 ,!re=e ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e leaves ! "q z to ! belief among ! anci5ts 9 a law common to all nations /ill op51 or r1 s f> z !re is an argum5t1 x is only ) ! previ\s "p ( 8 !ory t x is necess>y to deal2 = all t ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's f9ely-drawn reason+ & subtle detection ( ! influ5ce ( ,grecian /oicism on ,roman law acc\nts =--s f> z ! pres5t argum5t is conc]n$--is ! great] att5tion & respect :i* 0 h5ce=w>d paid to ! fiction1 suppos+ t x _h n h]et(ore & always be5 paid to ! fact1 t !re 0 a traditional law common to all nations4 ,i h previ\sly 7p4 #c7 po9t$ out ! di/9ction betwe5 ! law ( nations & int]national law1 & ,i am "u ! impression t ,i made ! di/9ction be=e ! publication ( ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e's "w--c]ta9ly be=e ,i _h become acqua9t$ ) x4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e makes ! di/9ction does n appe> to me to be q accurate4 ,he says3--,x is almo/ unnecess>y to add t ! confusion betwe5 jus g5tium1 or law common to all nations1 & int]national law1 is entirely mod]n4 ,! classical expression = int]national law is jus feciale1 or ! law ( negotiation & diplomacy 7p4 #ec74 ,! ,fecial ,college 0 v f> f correspond+ ) our ,corps ,diplomatique1 nei!r 0 its law a law ( negotiation & diplomacy2 & ! di/9ction betwe5 ! law ( nations & int]national law 0 made 9 mod]n times1 precisely because 9 antiquity treaty law 0 subord9ate to1 & id5tifi$ )1 ! traditional law4 ,! ,fecial ,college correspond$ mu* m ne>ly to :at our ,h]alds' ,college w\ld be1 suppos+ ! ,h]alds' ,college inve/$ ) ! au?ority ( our ,admiralty ,c\rts1 & also made ! tru/ees ( ! f\ndation = ! /udy ( int]national law1 :i* ,dr ,:ewell's beque/ _h ! int5tion ( in/itut+ at ,cambridge4 ,we %\ld !n h1 z 9 anci5t times1 a body ( m5 :o w\ld be at once ! deposit>ies1 ! int]pret]s1 & ! h]alds ( a tradition1 ?\gh1 to complete ! picture1 we %\ld h to inve/ !m ) a sacr$ "*1 & 9 "s way to give to _! decisions ! sanction ( religion4 ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus tells u t !y 7 prie/s *os5 f ! be/ families at ,rome1 & t _! special int5tion 0 to see t ! ,romans nev] made an unju/ w>4 ,! sev5? "p ( ! ,sacr$ ,laws 0 devot$ to ! college ( ! ,fecials1 :om ! ,greeks call ,greek3 eirnodikai4#caj ,!y are m5 select$ f ! mo/ illu/ri\s families1 & are d$icat$ dur+ _! :ole life to ?is prie/hood4444 ,x w\ld take long to enum]ate all ! v>i\s duties ( ! ,fecials1 :i* 7 multif>i\s1 444 b 9 ! ma9 !y are ^!1--to take he$ le/ ! ,romans %\ld ev] und]take an unju/ w> ) a city ) :i* !y 7 9 league 7,lib4 ii472 x 0 _! duty to dem& rep>ation1 &1 fail+1 to decl>e w>2 9 case ( diff]5ces ) allies1 !y act$ z m$iators1 & !y adjudicat$ 9 case ( disputes4 ,x 0 = !m to decide :at con/itut$ an injury to ! p]son ( an ambassador1 & :e!r or n ! g5]als _h act$ accord+ to _! oa?s2 to draw up ! articles ( treaties1 truces1 & ! l2 & to decide z to _! nullity & validity1 & to communicate accord+ly ) ! ,s5ate1 :i* delib]at$ ^u _! report4 #caj ,greek3 ,eirnodikai--,feciales quia int]pretes et arbitri sunt pacis et belli4--,lexicon1 ,b5-,h$]ic1 ,erne/i4 ,vide also ,plut>*1 ,numa2 ,livy1 lib4 i4 c4 #cd4 ,vattel1 iii4 c4 iv41 says3--,x is surpris+ to f9d among ! ,romans su* ju/ice1 su* mod]ation & prud5ce1 at a "t too :5 app>5tly no?+ b c\rage & f]ocity 0 to be expect$ f !m4 ,:at ,cic]o tells u is n less to ! po9t3-- ,!re are c]ta9 peculi> laws ( w> also1 :i* are ( all ?+s mo/ /rictly to be obs]v$4444 ,z we are b\nd to be m]ciful to ^? :om we h actually conqu]$1 s %\ld ^? also be receiv$ into fav\r :o h laid d[n _! arms4444 ,our good =efa!rs 7 mo/ /rictly j z to ?is p>ticul>1 ! cu/om ( ^? times mak+ him ! patron ( a conqu]$ city or p :o fir/ receiv$ !m into ! fai? & allegiance ( ! p ( ,rome4 ,9 %ort1 ! :ole "r & all ! duties ( w> are mo/ rigor\sly set d[n 9 ! fecial laws1 out ( :i* x is manife/ t no w> c be ju/ly und]tak5 unless satisfaction has be5 fir/ dem&$1 & proclamation ( x made publicly be=eh&4--,cic]o1 ,(fices1 i4 xi42 aga91 also1 vide iii4 xxxi4 ,comp>e ^! passages ) ,mr ,glad/one's acc\nt ( ! ,hom]ic age3-- ,9 t e>ly age1 despite ! preval5ce ( piracy1 ev5 t idea ( political ju/ice & public "r1 :i* is ! g]m ( ! law ( nations1 0 n unkn[n to ! ,greeks4 ,x w\ld appe> t w> c\ld n be made )\t an appropriate cause1 & t ! (f] ( r$ress made x ! duty ( ! injur$ to come to t]ms4 ,h5ce ! (f] ( ,p>is 9 ! ?ird ,iliad is at once readily accept$2 & h5ce1 ev5 aft] ! brea* ( ! act1 arises ,agamemnon's fe>1 at ! mom5t :5 he anticipates ! dea? ( ,m5elaus1 t by t ev5t ! claim to ! re/oration ( ,hel5 w be practically dispos$ (1 & ! ,greeks w h to return home )\t rep>ation = a wrong1 ( :i* ! corpus1 z x 71 w h disappe>$4--,iliad1 iv4 #afj-fb4caa #caa ,glad/one1 ,hom] & ! ,hom]ic ,age1 iii4 #d4 ,x is c]ta9ly n )9 ! scope ( ?is *apt] to indicate ! multi=m applications ( ! law ( nations1 :i* x w\ld require a legi/'s special k 7to :i* ! writ] c lay no claim7 to det]m9e ) any exactness4 ,my object has be5 m]ely to su/a9 ! traditional belief aga9/ ^? :o d5y x4 ,i %all inde$1 = ! purposes ( illu/ration1 g into detail on "o po9t1 viz4 ! decl>ation ( w>2 b ,i may m5tion incid5tally t ! ,fecial & ,amphictyonic law presumably ext5d$ to _m o!r po9ts1 su* z treaties1 trophies1#cab truces1#cac ho/ages1 & ! l4 ,moreov]1 ! m>itime law ( ,rhodes & ! isl&s ( ! gean1 kn[n to ! ,romans long be=e x 0 embodi$ 9 _! code 7:i* 0 n probably until !y _h ext5d$ m>itime relations71 pres5ts1 z ,pa/oret 7ix4 #aah7 in=ms u1 analogies et rappro*em5s multiplis ) mod]n m>itime legislation f ! "t ( ! ,romans to ! ordonnance de la m>9e drawn up by ord] ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 #cab ,to demoli% a trophy 0 look$ on z unlawful1 & a k9d ( sacrilege1 because !y 7 all d$icat$ to "s deity2 nor 0 x less a crime to pay crime to pay div9e adoration be=e !m1 or to repair !m :5 decay$1 z may be likewise obs]v$ ( ! ,roman triumphal ar*es4444 ,= ! same reason1 ^? ,grecians :o introduc$ ! cu/om ( erect+ pill>s = trophies incurr$ a sev]e c5sure f ! ages !y liv$ 94--,pott]s ,ar*ologia1 ii4 c4 #ab4 ,be=e ! ,greeks engag$ !mselves 9 w> x 0 usual to publi% a decl>ation ( ! injuries !y _h receiv$1 & to dem& satisfaction by ambassadors2 :i* cu/om 0 obs]v$ ev5 9 ! mo/ e>ly ages4444 ,x is !re=e no wond] :at ,polybius relates ( ! tolians1 t !y 7 held = ! common outlaws & robb]s ( ,greece1 x be+ _! mann] to /rike )\t w>n+1 & make w> )\t any previ\s or public decl>ation4--,id4 ii4 c4 vii4 p4 #fd4 7,comp>e infra1 *4 xv47 #cac ,omnes portas concionabundus ipse imp]ator circumiit1 et quibuscumque irritam5tis pot]at1 iras militum accuebat1 nunc fraudem ho/ium incusans1 qui1 pace petita1 induciis datis1 p] ipsum induci>um tempus1 contra jus g5tium ad ca/ra oppugn&o v5isset4--,p4 ,livius1 #a4 xc4 ,9 an article on ,bellig]5t ,rights at ,sea 79 ! ,home & ,=eign ,review1 ,july #ahfc71 9 :i* !re w be f\nd a nice discrim9ation ( ^! que/ions1 ,mr ,e4 ,ryley says3-- ,! v l>ge/ rule ( bellig]5t rights limits ! volunt>y de/ruction ( life & prop]ty by ! necessity ( ! occasion & ! object ( ! w>4 ,bynk]%ock & ,wolf insi/ t ev]y?+ done aga9/ ! enemy is lawful1 & admit fraud1 poison1 & ! murd]1 z we %\ld call x1 ( non-combatants1 z p]missible exp$i5ts = atta9+ ! object ( ! w>4 ,b ^! are ! writ]s :o lay ! f\ndations ( ! law ( nations 9 reason & cu/om1 & ignore t p]ception & judgm5t ( "r & wrong :i* ,god has communicat$ to man4 ,x is true t = ! mo/ "p1 & practically1 we "k ! law ( nations by reason & usage2 b ?is law is f\nd$ n on t by :i* we "k its decisions1 b on ju/ice2 & reason mu/ admit1 & usage mu/ adopt1 :atev] is cle>ly %[n to be j & "r1 h[ev] ?is may be aga9/ prec$5t1 & :at has hi!rto be5 held to be s\nd reason4 ,!re is no law )\t ju/ice1 nor any ju/ice )\t consci5ce1 nor any consci5ce )\t ,god4 ,grotius ?us admirably expresses himself3--',jus naturale e/ dictatum rect rationis1 indicans actui aliqui1 ex ejus conv5i5ti aut disconv5i5ti cum ipsa natur rationali1 inesse moralem turpitud9em1 aut necessitatem moralem1 ac consequ5t] ab auctore natur1 ,deo1 talem actum vet>i aut prcipi4 ,actus1 de quibus tale extat dictatum1 debiti sunt aut illiciti p] se1 atque ideo a ,deo necess>io prcepti aut vetiti intelliguntur4'#cad ,& ?is pr9ciple obta9s great] =ce f ! objections :i* h be5 made to x1 & ! ef=ts to e/abli% ano!r f\ndation = ! law ( nations4 ,?us ! pr9ciple ( utility is only a feeble attempt to give ano!r "n to ! law ( ju/ice :i* ,god has implant$ 9 ,8 creatures2 & to pret5d to f\nd a law on g5]al usage & tacit cons5t is to mi/ake ! evid5ce ( ju/ice = ju/ice itself4 #cad ,de ,jure ,belli ac ,pacis1 l4 i4 c4 l4 x4 n n1 #a et #b4 ,at fir/ sight ! passage quot$ f ,mr ,ryley's article w\ld seem to militate aga9/ my position2 9 reality we m]ely take up diff]5t weapons aga9/ ,bynk]%ock & ,wolf4 ,if cu/om means m]ely prec$5t1 x may or may n be 9 accordance ) t p]ception ( "r & wrong :i* ,god has communicat$ to man2 b if !re is a tradition ( a law ( nations1 ! fact creates s great a presumption 9 fav\r ( its pron\ncem5ts1 t :at is ( usage & cu/om w be ! crit]ion ( :at is "r until ! human intellect has %[n t :at has hi!rto be5 held to be p]missible 0 f\nd$ 9 a prec$5t ( iniquity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we are agre$ t ! law ( nations mu/ be su* z to /& ! te/ ( ! p]ception & judgm5t ( "r & wrong4 ,z ?is p]ception1 h[ev]1 has nev] :olly di$ out among mank9d1 :atev] is ( g5]al acceptance c>ries ) x an assurance t x has /ood ?is te/2 & g5]al usage & ! tacit cons5t is s mu* ! evid5ce ( ju/ice1 t x has practically be5 tak51 or mi/ak5 by mank9d = ju/ice itself1 & ! law ( nations has always be5 discuss$ on ! basis ( usage4 ,?is1 ,i cont5d1 w\ld n h be5 ! case if !re _h n be5 beh9d usage ! immemorial sanction & tradition1 or if ! tacit cons5t _h be5 only acquiesc5ce 9 wrong4 ,i am ! m confirm$ 9 ?is view on p]ceiv+ t ,mr ,ryley1 aft] /at+ 8 own op9ion z to ! "r ( blockade1 f9ds 8 conclusions1 :5 he has discrim9at$ su* prec$5ts z 7 ( an exceptional & retaliatory "*1 to be 9 con=mity ) usage & ! decision ( legi/s4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ^? :o cont5d = ! basis ( tradition & ^? :o cont5d = ! basis ( natural ju/ice mean ! same ?+4 ,!y bo? affirm t !re are limitations to human passion ev5 9 w>4 ,!y are bo? oppos$ to prec$5ts bas$ on =ce1 & are equally ho/ile to ! pr9ciple ( utility1 = if1 z ,mr ,ryley puts x1 ! pr9ciple ( utility is only ano!r "n = ! law ( ju/ice :i* ,god has implant$ 9 ,8 creatures1 ! phrase is an und]/atem5t ( ! tru?1 liable to miscon/ruction1 & t5ds to l[] ! /&>d ( "r2 & if x means some?+ diff]5t or di/9ct f ?is1 x means t aga9/ :i* ! tradition ( mank9d prote/s4 ,i h already said t int]national law1 z di/+ui%$ f ! law ( nations1 requires to be con/antly discrim9at$ by ! intellect or ! consci5ce ( mank9d1 & m especially n[ t diplomati/s are no long] legi/s4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 indirect & collat]al influ5ce aris+ out ( ! tradition ( a law ( nations f ! fact t a body ( m5 exi/+ z its int]pret]s1 or at lea/ z its deposit>ies1 :i* x appe>s to me 0 de/9$ to op]ate p[]fully 9 ! int]e/s ( peace4 ,! exi/5ce ( su* a body ( m5 p]petuat$ a public op9ion 9 ^! matt]s1 !y fo/]$ an esprit de corps /rong] ev5 ?an ! _s ( nationality :i* !n reign$ supreme & dom9at$ society4 ,:5 a violation ( treaties or an unju/ aggression took place !re 0 ?us f\nd a body ( m5 :o w\ld /igmatise or at lea/ recognise x z su*4 ,! s5tim5t ?us su/a9$ 0 n all-influ5tial = ! purposes ( peace1 b x 0 op]ative to ! ext5t ( arre/+ ! att5tion & p]turb+ ! consci5ces ( mank9d4 ,9 l mann] ,i v5ture to say t ! diplomatic body1 al?\gh ! deposit>ies only ( a ba/>d tradition1 subs]ve ?is purpose also aft] a fa%ion1 & ,i mu* d\bt :e!r _m well-int5tion$ m51 9 /riv+ to compass its abolition w\ld n1 z matt]s /&1 de/roy ! la/ breakwat] :i* secures ! peace ( ,europe4 ,9 anci5t times ! comity ( nations 0 virtually re/rict$ to gr\ps ( cities or nations ( k9dr$ desc5t1 or :i* _h become conf$]ate by reason ( contiguity4 ,?is circum/ance has be5 adduc$ by ,sir ,g4 ,c4 ,lewis to /op 9 lim9e ! !ory ( a law ( nations2#cae z if x 0 necess>ily 9 d5ial ( a tradition ( morality common to all nations4 ,yet1 ,i ?9k t ,i %all be able to %[ in/ances ( its recognition z betwe5 ! gr\ps1 b x is precisely 9 its re/rict$ application )9 ! gr\ps1 & 9 ! *annels ?us provid$1 t ,i ?9k we %all f9d common features1 & dimly & obscurely1 ?\gh c]ta9ly1 cat* glimpses ( ! tradition4 #cae ,sir ,g4 ,c4 ,lewis 7,me?od1 c41 ( ,reason+ 9 ,politics1 ii4 #ce71 quotes ,mr ,w>d1 ,hi/ory ( ,law ( ,nations 7i4 #abg71 to ! effect ,t :at is commonly call$ ! law ( nations1 is n ! law ( all nations1 b only ( su* sets or classes ( !m z are unit$ toge!r by simil> religions & sy/ems ( morality4 ,sir ,g4 ,c4 ,lewis' view is t z !re are no univ]sal pr9ciples ( civil jurisprud5ce :i* belongs to ea* community1 s !re are no univ]sal pr9ciples ( int]national law :i* are common to all communities4--,id4 ,if ,i may complete my ?\ght1 ^! conf$]ations 7 s _m types & anticipations ( t ,amphictyonic ,c\ncil1 :i*1 if ?+s _h n p]si/5tly gone wrong 9 ! _w1 might h be5 =m$ 9 m$ival times by ,*ri/5dom "u ! presid5cy ( ! ,popes1#caf & :i* may yet be realis$ 9 ! triumph ( religion :i* seems to be signifi$ 9 ! motto lum5 9 coelo1 z atta*+ to ! successor ( ! pres5t ,pope1 ^: pontificate has be5 s s+ul>ly prefigur$ 9 ! indication crux de cruce4#cag #caf ,s9ce writ+ ! above1 ,i h read a s]ies ( pap]s 7:i* comm5c$ ,i ?9k 9 ,augu/ #ahga7 9 ! ,tablet "u ! title ( ,arbitration in/ead ( ,w>1 & ,i p]ceive t ! writ] arrives by a diff]5t r\te at a simil> conclusion4 ,i %\ld h _h pleasure 9 incorporat+ ! argum5t ) ?is *apt]1 b ,i %all d bett] if ,i induce my read]s to p]use & weigh x z x des]ves4 #cag ,i allude to ! anci5t prophecy ( ,/ ,mala*y4 ,its au!nticity z ! prophecy ( ,/ ,mala*y may be que/ion$2 b ! antiquity ( ! pr$iction1 & its exi/5ce 9 pr9t e>ly 9 ! sixte5? c5tury is1 ,i believe1 fully e/abli%$4 ,! copy :i* lies be=e me w be f\nd 9 ,mor]i's ,diction>y ( #agcb1 9 ! ,pontificate ( ,innoc5t ,,xiii4 ,twelve mottoes giv5 9 pr$iction f t date1 fits ! motto crux de cruce1 to ! #ab? successor ( ,innoc5t1 viz4 ,pius ,,ix4 ,t5 o!r mottoes foll[ comm5c+ ) lum5 9 coelo4 ,9 ! ,times1 ,novemb] #bi1 #ahfg1 x 0 said1 ,if ?is !ory '! /ates ( ,*ri/5dom con/itut$ z a species ( commonweal?' c\ld be r5d]$ effectual1 int]national law w\ld be furni%$ at once ) its greate/ ne$1 a c\rt to en=ce its behe/s2 b no?+ is pla9] ?an t = su* arbitration ! arbitrators mu/ be fet*$ f ano!r planet4 ,b1 inasmu* z ,abraham ,l9coln practically rem>k$1 y _c h a cab9et ( angels 9 ?is _w1 ! ?+ is to discov] ! arbitrator :o is ! fur!/ remov$ f sublun>y influ5ces4 ,n[1 h[ /rong soev] may be our national mi/ru/s & prejudices1 we _c refuse to recognise t ! ,papacy o/5sibly satisfies ^! conditions1 & ?is irrespective ( ! belief ( ! prepond]ant section ( ! ,*ri/ian _w t he is ! infallible guide1 & ! div9ely appo9t$ int]pret] ( ! tradition ( morals4 ,its repres5tatives be+ always old m5 naturally incl9$ to peace1#cah ! sov]eign ( a small /ate :i* a g5]al w> w\ld imp]il--pr(ess+ maxims & !re=e pl$g$ to a programme ( peace--7s t any deviation f x1 z 9 ! case ( ,julius ,,ii41 w\ld r5d] gl>+ & abnormal acts :i* w\ld h be5 unnotic$ 9 an ord9>y sov]eign71 a sov]eign )\t a family 7& :atev] may be said ( nepotism1 x mu/ be conc$$ t a man :o has only collat]al relatives is less tempt$ to f\nd a family ?an "o :o has sons71 a sov]eign1 9 f9e1 repres5t+ ! olde/ l9e ( succession 9 ! _w1#cai 9 ! olde/ city1 9 ! c5tre ( tradition1 & l ,noah 9 ! traditional symbols 7ante1 p4 #bbj71 l9k+ ! new _w ) ! old4 #cah ,! pontifical p[] is1 f its ess5tial con/itution1 ! lea/ subject to ! caprices ( politics4 ,he :o wields x is1 moreov]1 always ag$1 unm>ri$1 & a prie/2 all :i* circum/ances exclude n9ety-n9e hundr$?s ( all ! errors & passions :i* di/urb /ates4--,de ,mai/re1 ,du ,pape1 ,b4 ,,ii4 *ap4 iv4 #cai ,! hi/ory ( t ,*ur* jo9s toge!r ! two great ages ( human civilisation4 ,no o!r in/itution is left /&+ :i* c>ries ! m9d back to ! times :5 ! smoke ( sacrifice rose f ! ,pan!on1 & :5 ! cameleop>ds & tig]s b\nd$ 9 ! ,flavian amphi!atre4 ,! pr\de/ royal h\ses are b ( ye/]day :5 comp>$ ) ! l9e ( ! supreme ,pontiffs4 ,t l9e we trace back 9 an unbrok5 s]ies1 f ! ,pope :o cr[n$ ,napoleon 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 to ! ,pope :o cr[n$ ,pep9 9 ! eigh?2 & f> beyond ! "t ( ,pep9 ! augu/ dyna/y ext5ds1 till x is lo/ 9 ! twilight ( fable4444 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is /ill s5d+ =? to ! f>!/ ends ( ! _w mission>ies z zeal\s z ^? :o l&$ 9 ,k5t ) ,augu/9e1 & /ill confront+ ho/ile k+s ) ! same _s ) :i* %e confront$ ,attila4--,macaulay's ,essays1 ,review ( ,ranke's ,popes4 ,?is1 ,i f9d 7,i quote f a s]ies ( important pap]s on ,engli% /atesm5 & ! indep5d5ce ( ,popes1 ,tablet1 ,novemb] #ahgj71 0 fully recognis$ by our greate/ m9i/]1 ,mr ,pitt4 ,9 #agid1 ,pitt sugge/$1 ?r\gh ,franois de ,conzi1 ,bi%op ( ,arras1 t ! ,pope %\ld put himself at ! head ( a ,european league4 ,on m ?an "o occasion1 he wrote1 ,i h se5 ! cont95tal c\rts draw back be=e ! div]g5ces ( op9ion & ( religion :i* sep>ate u4 ,i ?9k t a common bond ought to unite u all4 ,! ,pope alone c be ?is c5tre4444 ,we are too mu* divid$ by p]sonal int]e/s or by political views4 ,rome alone c raise an imp>tial voice1 & "o free f all ext]ior preoccupations4 ,rome1 !n1 ought to speak accord+ to ! measure ( h] duties1 & n m]ely ( h] good wi%es1 :i* no "o d\bts4 ,!re h be5 at diff]5t p]iods ( ! _w v>i\s projects ( univ]sal pacification2#cbj b x is wor?y ( rem>k t !y h almo/ all1 f t ( ,h5ri ,,iv4 to ! "o rec5tly broa*$ by ! ,pr(essor ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory at ,cambridge1 tak5 ! traditional l9es ( a conf$]ation ( /ates m or less circumscrib$ ) an amphictyonic c\ncil4 ,?is has its significance f ! po9t ( view ,i am indicat+1 b ,i d n see t x is satisfactorily acc\nt$ = on any o!r view4#cba #cbj ,sir ,g4 ,c4 ,lewis1 ,me?od1 c41 ii4 #bhe1 enum]ates sev]al4 #cba ,9 ,de ,qu9cey's ,works1 xii4 #adj1 !re is a disquisition on ,kant's s*eme ( a univ]sal society f\nd$ on ! empire ( political ju/ice1 :]e x is compet5t t z ! result ( w>s man mu/ be inevitably br\ght to quit ! b>b>\s condition ( lawless p[] & to ent] into a f$]al league ( nations1 9 :i* ev5 ! weake/ numb] looks = its rights & protection--n to its own p[]1 or its own adjudication1 b to ?is great conf$]ation 7fo$us amphictyonum71 to ! unit$ p[]1 & ! adjudication ( ! collective w1 & is said to be ! inevitable res\rce & mode ( escape "u t pressure ( evil :i* nations reciprocally inflict1 & :i* seems to contemplate a situation l ! pres5t4 ,f9ally w> itself becomes gradually n only s artificial a process1 s unc]ta9 9 its issue1 b also is ! aft]-pa9s ( inext+ui%able national debts 7a contrivance ( mod]n times7 s anxi\s & burd5some2 444 t at l5g? ^? gov]nm5ts :i* h no imm$iate p>ticipation 9 ! w>1 "u a s5se ( _! own dang]1 (f] !mselves z m$iators1 ?\gh z yet )\t any sanction ( law1 & ?us prep>e all ?+s f af> = ! =mation ( a great prim>y /ate-body or cosmopolitic ,areopagus1 su* z is :olly unprec$5t$ 9 all prec$+ ages4 ,i am fully aw>e ( ! div]g5ce ( ?is view f t :i* ,i h indicat$1 b ,i wi% to po9t out t x is only unprec$5t$ 9 s f> z x is cosmopolitic & ext5ds to all humanity2 b s ext5d+ x ought n to include ! traditional notions ( an ,areopagus--fo$us amphictyonum--or conf$]ation ( /ates4 ,x ought r to talk ( an int]fusion ( /ates1 ! only condition ^u :i* ! cosmopolitic ,areopagus w\ld be possible2 yet x inevitably falls into ! tradition>y l9es4 ,moreov]1 be=e mank9d c atta9 to ?is int]-fusion ( /ates1 "o supreme difficulty1 :i* seems always to be ov]-look$1 mu/ be ov]come1 we mu/ br+ mank9d back to be ( "o lip & "o spee*4 ,! s*eme1 on ! o!r h&1 ( a f$]ation _c be pron\nc$ impracticable until x has be5 tri$2 yet1 al?\gh x lies lat5t 9 ! idea ( ,*ri/5dom1 & al?\gh x has _h a sort ( in=mal recognition 9 ! !ory & policy ( ! balance ( p[]1 !re has nev] be5 any und]/&+ f :i* we c ga!r :at ! results w\ld be1 if ! bond ( f$]ation 7 ev] cem5t$ by any solemn pl$ge or sanction4 ,x w\ld seem1 !n1 t !re has always exi/$ 9 ! _w ! tradition1 & s9ce ! triumph ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! conditions by :i*1 if x _h s will$1 x might h recov]$ ! gold5 age ( peace & happ9ess ( :i* x has nev] entirely lo/ ! tradition4 ,until ?is consummation we mu/ fall back ^u ! law ( nations1#cbb ?\gh ev5 "h x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ,*ri/ianity has ex]cis$ an indirect influ5ce1 & has rais$ ! /&>d ( morality = ! _w at l>ge4#cbc ,b :5 all is abat$ ! law ( nations rema9s ! lex legum1 deeply f\nd$ 9 ! maxims1 s5tim5ts1 & usages ( mank9d4 ,^! maxims 9 _! tradition h be5 concurr5tly int]pret$1 adapt$1 & 9 a c]ta9 s5se m\ld$ by ! intellect ( legi/s1 ^: discrim9ations or conclusions h receiv$ ! tacit approbation ( mank9d4 ,r>ely has ! production ( any pr(ane writ] receiv$ su* an unanim\s ratification z ! great "w ( ,hugo ,grotius1 ma9ly1 z we h se5 7ante1 p4 #d71 bas$ on tradition4 ,aga91 ! agreem5t & correspond5ce among ! legi/s ( diff]5t nationalities is sub/antial1 & is only to be acc\nt$ = ^u ! supposition t ea* 9 8 own groove fai?fully incorporat$ & elaborat$ a tradition2 & if y say t ?is 0 only an argum5t among ! sep>ate traditions ( ! ,roman law1 y only put back ! argum5t "o remove1 z ,i h attempt$ to demon/rate4 ,if conv]sely y say t ! law ( nations z we f9d x is purely ! "w & elaboration ( legi/s1 & ! conclusions ( ab/ract reason1 put x to ?is te/1 br+ all ! legi/s ( ! _w into a congress--su* a congress is mu* ne$$ j n[--) in/ructions to create a new code on ab/ract pr9ciples1 & ^u ! basis ( ! rejection ( :at is ( cu/om & tradition1 & see :at !y w accompli%6 ,d n all our difficulties beg9 exactly :]e1 ow+ to ! complications ( mod]n civilisation1 tradition ceases8 ,= ! re/ we %all pres5tly see :at ! ,congress ( ,p>is1 9 #ahef1 0 able to effect 9 ?is k9d4 #cbb ,hi/oricus 7,lett] 9 ! ,times1 ,febru>y #ab1 #ahfh7 writes--,! sy/em ( int]national law pr(esses to be a code ( rules :i* ought to gov]n1 & 9 fact 9 a great degree does gov]n1 ! conduct ( indep5d5t nations 9 _! deal+s ) "o ano!r4444 ,h[ c "o d\bt t 9 fact su* a rule exi/s & does op]ate8 ,let u te/ ! matt] by an example4 ,:5 ! news ( ! affair ( ! ,tr5t rea*$ ,engl&1 :at 0 ! fir/ "q t e "o ask$8 ,0 x n ?is1 ',is ?is act con=mable to ! law ( nations1 or is x n8' ,did n ! ,engli% ,cab9et summon all ! mo/ di/+ui%$ juri/s to advise !m :at ! law ( nations 08 ,0 n ! decision absolutely dep5d5t on _! advice4444 ,! code ( ! law ( nations1 bas$ on all o!r laws1 on morality1 d$uc$ by ! reason+ ( juri/s f well e/abli%$ pr9ciples1 illu/rat$ by prec$5ts1 ga!r$ f usage1 confirm$ by exp]i5ce1 has become f age to age m & m respect$ z ! arbit] ( ! rights & duties ( nations1 444 & n[1 aft] ?is sy/em has be5 elaborat$ ) s mu* c>e1 & has yield$ results s b5eficial to ! human race1 we are to be told t ! only real "q 9 diff]5ces betwe5 nations is1 ',:e!r1 all ?+s consid]$1 x is or is n wor? :ile to g to w>8' n1 be x obs]v$1 "r or wrong to g to w>4 ,?is is exactly ! doctr9e set =? 9 ! celebrat$ ,!lian controv]sy record$ 9 ,?ucydides4 ,w4 ,oke ,mann+1 ,comm5t>ies on ! ,law ( ,nations 7p4 #ag71 says1 ,sir ,j4 ,mack9to% 9 8 ',hi/4 ( ! ,progress ( ,e?ical ,philosophy' 7prefix$ to ! ',encyclopdia ,britannica1' p4 #cae71 speaks ( ,su>ez z ! writ] :o fir/ saw t int]national law 0 compos$ n only ( ! simple pr9ciples ( ju/ice appli$ to int]c\rse betwe5 /ates1 b ( ^? usages long obs]v$ 9 t int]c\rse by ! ,european race :i* h s9ce be5 m exactly di/+ui%$ z ! consuetud9>y law ackn[l$g$ by ! ,*ri/ian nations ( ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,b ,su>ez himself speaks ( ?is di/9ction z already recognis$ by previ\s writ]s4 #cbc ,la religion ,*rti5ne1 qui ne semble avoir d'objet que la flicit de l'autre vie1 fait encore notre bonheur dans celle-ci4444 ,que d'un ct1 l'on se mette devant les yeux les massacres cont9uels des rois et des *efs grecs et roma9s1 444 et n\s v]rons que n\s devons au ,*ri/ianisme1 et dans le g\v]nem5t un c]ta9 droit politique1 et dans la gu]re un c]ta9 droit des g5s1 que la nature huma9e ne saurait assez reconnatre4--,montesquieu1 ,esprit des ,lois1 i4 xxiv4 *ap4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,decl>ation ,,( ,,w>4 ,i ?9k we h already di/9ct evid5ce t ! ,fecial ,law 0 some?+ m ?an our ,treaty & ,diplomatic ,law4 ,let u exam9e x m p>ticul>ly 9 action4 ,if ! law ( nations ev] 0 appeal$ to1 &1 if ov] & above1 !re 0 a tradition ( a ,div9e revelation1 or ev5 ( a prescriptive law f\nd$ on natural "r1 & hav+ ref]5ce to w>1 :i* 0 ev] invok$1 x w\ld h be5 9 ! fir/ in/ance ( aggression1 suppos+1 z is impli$ 9 ! t]m1 t x 0 )\t fair cause & )\t fair w>n+4 ,! decl>ation ( w>1 !re=e1 is manife/ly ! h+e ^u :i* ! :ole sy/em ( ! law ( nations turns4#cbd ,accord+ly1 ! fur!r we g back ! m solemn & =mal d we f9d ! decl>ation ( w> to be4 #cbd ,i mu/ "h d ,mr ,urquh>t ! ju/ice to po9t out t he has be5 ! pr9cipal advocate ( ?is doctr9e1 t ! decl>ation ( w> is ! turn+-po9t ^u :i* ev]y?+ dep5ds1 & m ?an any o!r man has lab\r$ to en=ce x4 7,vide ,effects on ! ,_w ( ! ,re/oration ( ,canon ,law1 by ,d4 ,urquh>t1 #ahfi47 ,at p4 #fa1 ,mr ,urquh>t ref]s to ! action tak5 by ! ,fecials4 ,i h ! mis=tune to diff] ) ,mr ,urquh>t on _m po9ts1 b ,i h pleasure 9 be>+ te/imony z above4 ,9 e in/ance ! decl>ation ( w> 0 accompani$ by religi\s =malities4 ,:5 ! ,s5ate believ$ t x _h cause ( compla9t aga9/ a nation1 x s5t a ,fecial to 8 fronti]4 ,!re ! pontiff1 8 head b\nd ) a wooll5 veil1#cbe expos$ ! griefs ( ! ,romans & dem&$ satisfaction4 ,if x 0 n grant$1 he w5t back to r5d] an acc\nt ( 8 mission to ! ,s5ate1 444 & aft] a delay ( ?irty or ?irty-?ree days !y vot$ a decl>ation ( w>4 ,!n ! ,fecial return$ to ! fronti]1 &1 ca/+ a javel9 into ! enemy's c\ntry1 he pron\nc$ ! foll[+ =mula--',quod populus ,h]mundulus1' c4444 ,e w> :i* _h n be5 decl>$ 9 ?is mann] 0 consid]$ z unju/1 & c]ta9 to incur ! displeasure ( ! gods4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t ?is solemn decl>ation 0 replac$ by a va9 =mality4#cbf #cbe ,! ,v ,rev4 ,dr ,rock 7,textile ,fabrics1 p4 xii47 says--,! anci5t ,briti% speciality 0 wool1 & ! po/ulants ask+ admission to ! diff]5t ca/es1 ! sac]dotal1 b>dic1 & ! lee*es or natural philosoph]s1 7 di/+ui%$ by /ripes ( :ite ,cic]o 7,de ,legibus1 ii4 #ah7 says1 ,color autem albus prcip]e decorus deo e/ quum 9 cat]is tum maxima 9 textili1 blue1 & gre5 sev]ally on _! mantles1 al?\gh ! b>ds !mselves 7 di/+ui%$ by "s "o ( ! col\rs above-m5tion$ 7vide infra74 ,! significance ( ?is w be not$ at p4 #cia4 ,i may fur!r rem>k1 p>5!tically1 t "h is an in/ance ( national civilisation be+ p>i passu ) religi\s traditions4 ,! ,briti% speciality 0 wool--qu]y1 because ( ! heavy /ress laid ^u ! rule :i* taught t ! (ficial col\r 9 _! dress1 c4 7,id41 vide ante1 *ap4 xii4 p4 #bib47 ,/ ,paul says 7,heb4 ix4 #ai71 ,= :5 e comm&m5t ( ! ,"l _h be5 read by ,moses to all ! p1 he took ! blood ( calves & goats1 ) wat]1 & sc>let wool1 & hyssop1 & spr9kl$ bo? ! book itself & all ! p 7,goguet1 ,orig9 ( ,laws1 ii4 p4 #i74 ,! ,spani>ds 9 #afdc made a treaty ( peace ) ! ,indians ( ,*ili2 !y h pres]v$ ! memory ( ! =ms us$ at ! ratification4 ,x is said t ! ,indians kill$ _m %eep1 & /a9$ 9 _! blood a bran* ( ! cane-tree1 :i* ! deputy ( ! ,caciques put into ! h&s ( ! ,spani% g5]al 9 tok5 ( peace & alliance4 ,goguet also ref]s to ,heb4 ix4 #ai4 #cbf ,de ,fresquet1 ,droit ,roma91 i4 #dh4 ,montfauon 7,l',antiquit ,explique1 ii4 #a1 p4 iv41 p4 #ce7 says3-- ,lorsqu'ils alloi5t p>lem5t]1 ils avoi5t sur la tte un voile tissu de la9e1#cbg et ils toi5t c\ronnz de v]va9e3 leur (fice toit d'imp*] que les ,roma9s n'entrepriss5t po9t de gu]re inju/e3 d'all] comme legats v]s les nations qui violoi5t les traitez1 etc4444 ils pr5oi5t aussi connaissance faits au legats de "p et d'autre4 ,qu& la paix ne se tr\voit pas faite selon les loix1 ils la decl>oi5t nulle4 ,si les comm&ans avoi5t fait quelque *ose contre la ju/ice et contre le droit des g5s1 ils rep>oi5t leur faute et expioi5t leur crime1 444 cause du violem5t des traites faits devant ,numance1 dit ,cic]on p> un dcret du ,s5at le ,patrapatratus livra1 ,c4 ,manc9us aux ,numant9s4#cbh #cbg ,comp>e ) ! description ( ,saturn1 ,saturnus1 velato capite falcam g]5s4--,fulg5t4 ,my?ol4 i4 c4 #b4 #cbh ,9 ! above extract f ,montfauon x %\ld h be5 add$1 t :5 ! ,romans s5t "o ( _! fecials to decl>e w> he w5t 9 sac]dotal habit--,arrivant au conf9s de la ville1 il appelloit temo9s ,jupit] et les autres dieux comme il alloit dem&] rp>ation de l'injure au nom des ,roma9s1 il faisoit des imprcations sur lui et sur la ville de ,rome1 s'il disoit ri5 contre la vrit1 et cont9uoit son *em9 444 s'il r5controi5t quelque citoi5 quelque payisan 7paysan7 il reptoit t\j\rs ses imprcations1 c4 ,we mu/ cont5t ourselves1 ( c\rse1 ) :at evid5ce we may get ( simil> in/itutions else:]e2 b :at /rikes me z /range 9 ! contra/ ( mod]n civilisation ) b>b>ism1 is1 t :]eas our advances1 :e!r 9 ! s5se ( peace & w> 7:5ev] !y are =mally made71 are commonly und]/ood1 ! correspond+ demon/rations on ! side ( b>b>ism are inv>iably miscon/ru$4 ,:51 = in/ance1 ,capta9 ,cook approa*$ ! %ores ( ,bolabola1 he describes ! foll[+ sc5e1 :i* reads to me v l ! acc\nt we h j be5 read+ ( ! ,roman h]ald3-- ,soon aft] a s+le man ran along ! %ore arm$ ) 8 lance1 & :5 he came abrea/ ( ! boat he began to dance1 br&i% 8 weapon1 & call out 9 a v %rill tone1 :i* ,tupia a native ( an adjac5t isl& :o 0 on bo>d said 0 a defiance f ! p4444 ,z ! boat r[$ sl[ly along ! %ore back aga91 ano!r *ampion came d[n1 %\t+ defiance1 & br&i%+ 8 lance4 ,8 appe>ance 0 m =midable ?an t ( ! o!r1 = he wore a l>ge cap made ( ! tail fea!rs ( ! topia bird1 & 8 body 0 cov]$ ) /ripes ( diff]5t col\r$ clo?1 yell[1 r$1 & br[n4444 ,soon aft] a m grave & eld]ly man came d[n to ! bea*1 & hail+ ! p 9 ! boat1 inquir$ :o !y 71 & f :5ce !y came4#cbi444 ,aft] a %ort conf]5ce !y all began to pray v l\d4 ,tupia made 8 responses1 b cont9u$ to tell u !y 7 n our fri5ds 7i4 #aai74 #cbi ,a some:at simil> sc5e is also indi/9ctly trac$ 9 ! foll[+3--,wood relates t on 8 visit to ,/ ,julian 9 #afgj1 9 walk+ inl& he 'met sev5 savages1 :o came runn+ d[n ! hill to u1 mak+ sev]al signs = u to g back aga91 ) mu* w>n+ & noise1 yet did n (f] to draw _! arr[s4 ,b "o ( !m :o 0 an old man came ne>] to u ?an ! re/1 & made also signs we %\ld dep>t1 to :om ,i ?rew a knife1 a bottle ( br&y1 & a neckclo?1 to pacify him2 b see+ him p]si/ 9 ! same signs z be=e1 & t ! savag5ess ( ! p seem$ incorrigible1 we return$ on bo>d aga94' ,quot$ by ,r4 ,o4 ,cunn+ham1 ,natural ,hi/ory ( ! ,/raits ( ,magellan & ,we/ ,coa/ ( ,patagonia1 #ahga1 p4 #adc4 ,a simil> sc5e is describ$ by ,rogg]ws5 9 8 voyage1 ,i ?9k1 to ,ea/] ,isl&4 ,?is1 9 connection ) ! sc5e at ,bolabola1 recalls ! mode ( proc$ure 9 ! ,odyssey1 ix4 #ie 7,pope71 :5 ,ulysses rea*es ,! l& ( ,lotus & ! fl[]+ coa/4 ,we climb$ ! bea* & spr+s ( wat] f\nd1 ,!n spread our ha/y banquet on ! gr\nd4 ,?ree m5 7 s5t deput$ f ! crew 7,a h]ald "o7 ! dubi\s coa/ to view1 ,& le>n :at habitants possess$ ! place4 ,!y w5t & f\nd a hospitable race1 ,n prone to ill1 nor /range to =eign gue/3 ,z our dire neighb\rs ( ,cyclopean bir?4 ,let ?is be tak5 9 connection ) ! foll[+ n>rative3--#ccj ,! l>ge canoes came close r\nd ! %ip1 "s ( ! ,indians play+ on a k9d ( flute1 o!rs s++1 & ! re/ bl[+ on a sort ( %ells4 ,soon aft]1 a l>ge canoe advanc$1 9 :i* 0 an awn+1 on ! top ( :i* sat "o ( ! natives hold+ "s yell[ & r$ fea!rs 9 8 h&4 ,! capta9 hav+ cons5t$ to 8 com+ alongside1 he deliv]$ ! fea!rs1 & :ile a pres5t 0 prep>+ = him1 he put back f ! %ip1 & ?rew ! bran* ( a cocoa-tree 9 ! air4 ,?is 0 d\btless ! signal = an onset1 = !re 0 an in/ant %\t f all ! canoes1 :i*1 approa*+ ! %ip1 ?rew volleys ( /ones into e "p ( h]4 #ccj ,vide ,capta9 ,wallis' ,voyage1 9 ,hi/4 ,acc\nt ( all ! ,voyages r\nd ! ,_w1 #aggc1 iii4 p4 #gi4 ,"h ! "q appe>s to me to be :e!r ?is act ( ?r[+ ! bran*1 s analog\s to ! ?r[+ ! javel91 :i* 0 ! f9al act 9 ! ,roman decl>ation ( w> 7& to :i* our ?r[+ d[n ! glove or ! gauntlet has analogy71 0 m]ely ! signal to !mselves1 or :e!r x 0 n also ! notice ( attack to ! enemy4 ,^u ?is w dep5d :e!r we are to consid] x a trea*]\s ruse 7& ! pres5tation ( ! fea!rs has t aspect71 or :e!r x 0 _! traditional mode ( decl>ation ( w>1 & con/ru$ to be a trea*]\s attack1 because ! gallant navigator belong$ to a nation m ignorant ( ! laws ( nations ?an ! savages !y enc\nt]$4 ,f ! v fact ( _! hav+ enact$ ?is com$y or c]emonial1 x mu/ be inf]r$ ei!r t !y atta*$ "s sup]/iti\s importance to its p]=mance1 & expect$ "s good effects f x to !mselves1 or t !y ?\ght t x w\ld be und]/ood by _! adv]s>ies1 9 :i* case !y mu/ implicitly h believ$ x to be common to all nations4 ,9 ei!r case x is j possible t aft] ! mann] ( savages1 !y may h confus$ ! symbols ( peace & w>1 & ran into "o :at ! ,romans _h c>efully di/+ui%$--! caduceatores1#cca :o w5t to dem& peace1 & ! fecials1 :o 7 s5t to d5\nce w>4 #cca ,caduceatores--comp>e supra1 p4 #cdh4 ,9 connection ) ^! latt]1 let u inquire m p>ticul>ly z to _! w& ( (fice1 ! caduceus4 ,9 its olde/ =m x 0 m]ely a b\gh tw9$ r\nd ) :ite wool2 aft]w>ds a :ite or gild$ /aff ) imitations ( foliage & rib&s 0 sub/itut$ = ! old rude symbol4 ,^! 7 probably n turn$ into snakes till a mu* lat] age1 :5 t reptile _h acquir$ a my/ic "*4 ,mll]'s explanation is t x 0 orig9ally ! olive bran* ) ! /emmata1 :i* latt] became develop$ into s]p5ts4--,encyc4 ( ,arts & ,sci5ces4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,mll]'s explanation is correct1 ! olde/ =m ( ! symbol ( (fice ( ^? :o 7 ! deposit>ies ( laws ( nations 9 ! matt] ( peace & w>1 0 a symbol :i* has a special hi/ory & significance 9 connection ) ! ,deluge4 ,w ?is n t5d to id5tify _! in/itution ) t epo*8 ,x w1 p]haps1 be said t ! bran* ( a tree is 9 any case a natural symbol ( peace4 ,b :y a symbol or tok5 at all8 ,:y m ?an a simple ge/ure ( salutation8 unless ! symbol embodi$ "s idea :i* convey$ a pl$ge ov] & above8 ,:at1 !n1 0 ?is idea1 unless ! traditional idea8 ,x may appe> to u a natural emblem1 b x is n s f association ( ideas ) ! scriptural dove & olive bran*8 & yet consid] h[ univ]sal x is4 ,capta9 ,cook's ,voyages 7i4 p4 #ch2 ,london1 #ahdf7 says1 ,x is rem>kable t ! *ief1 l ! p 9 ! canoes1 pres5t$ to u ! same symbol ( peace t is kn[n to h be5 9 use among ! anci5t & mighty nations ( ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 ! gre5 bran* ( a tree4 ,?is occurr$ bo? 9 ,new ,zeal& & ,otaheite4 ,wallis 7,voyages r\nd ! ,_w1 iii4 #ih7 says t on an occasion :5 ! ,otaheitans wi%$ to te/ify fidelity & fri5dl9ess1 ! ,indians cut bran*es f ! trees & laid !m 9 a c]emoni\s mann] at ! feet ( ! seam52 !y pa9t$ !mselves r$ ) ! b]ries ( a tree1 & /a9$ _! g>m5ts yell[ ) ! b>k ( ano!r4 ,we h1 z we h j se51 f\nd ?is symbol 9 ! caduceus1 & x appe>s to me t ! caduceus 9 its e>li] =m ( a /aff ) foliage & rib&s1 is recognisable 9 ! ,go?ic monum5ts z giv5 9 ,/eph5s' ,c5tral ,am]ica4 ,vide also ,cunn+ham's ,bhilsa ,topes4 ,wa%+ton ,irv+ 7,life ( ,columbus1 iii4 #bad7 speaks ( ! natives com+ =w>d to meet !m ) :ite flags2 & ! same1 if ,i rememb] rightly1 is record$ 9 ,cook's visit to ! ,s&wi* ,isl&]s4 ,! :ite flag is our own symbol2 b :at is ! :ite flag b ! developm5t & ref9em5t ( ! /aff & :ite wool8 ,aga91 :y are /ripes1 9 a v>iety ( comb9ation ( col\r1 ! *>act]i/ic symbol ( flags8 ,! read] w f9d ! answ] on return+ to ! text1 :]e he w also le>n ! significance ( ! r$ & yell[1 9 ! above descriptions4 ,! r$ & yell[ col\rs ( ! fea!rs 9 ! above acc\nt may af=d a clue1 :5 x is rememb]$ 7vide note71 t !y co9cide ) ! col\r us$ by ! ,otaheitans to te/ify fidelity & fri5dl9ess2 b1 to appreciate ?is 9 its full significance1 x w be necess>y to %[ h[ commonly ! traditional symbols ( peace among ! anci5ts _h ref]5ce to ! diluvian traditions1 m especially ! ,dove & ! ,ra9b[4 ,assum+ = ! mom5t t ,bryant is "r 9 8 d]ivation ( ! names ( ,juno & ,v5us f ,jnah 7,hebrew71 & ,greek3 ,o9as 7,greek7 ,dove1#ccb ,i ask att5tion to ! foll[+1 9 connection ) ! r$ & yell[ fea!rs ( ! ,polynesians1 & ! tail fea!rs ( ! topia bird m5tion$ by ,cook 7supra1 p4 #chh74ccc 7,bryant1 ii4 #cde71 ,z ! peacock1 9 ! full expansion ( 8 plumes1 displays all ! beautiful col\rs ( ! ,iris 7! ra9b[71 x 0 probably = t reason made ! bird ( ,juno1 in/ead ( ! dove1 :i* 0 appropriat$ to ,v5us4 ,! same hi/ory 0 v>i\sly depict$ 9 diff]5t places1 & consequ5tly z v>i\sly int]pret$4 7,comp>e p4 #bgi47 #ccb ,,ii4 p4 #cag4 #ccc ,vide also 9 ,c>v]'s ,nor? ,am]ica 7p4 #bif71 an engrav+ ( ! ,indian ,calumet ( ,peace1--! /em is ( a light wood curi\sly pa9t$ ) hi]oglyphics 9 v>i\s col\rs1 & adorn$ ) ! fea!rs ( ! mo/ beautiful birds4 ,x is n 9 my p[] to convey an idea ( ! v>i\s t9ts & pleas+ ornam5ts ( ?is mu*-e/eem$ ,indian implem5t7p4 #cei74 ,if ?is is true1 if ! ra9b[ is ! symbol ( peace1 & ! peacock is ! symbol ( ! ra9b[1 w x absolutely surprise u to f9d fea!rs ( v>i\s col\rs pres5t$ z tok5s ( peace8 ,i am prep>$ = ! reply1 t ,bryant's etymology is n[ consid]$ obsolete2 b ,i %all fall back ^u ! argum5t :i* ,i h urg$ else:]e1 t 9 cases :]e tradition r5d]s ! transmission ( c]ta9 words probable1 !re is a presumption :i* ov]rides ! ord9>y canons ( philological criticism4 ,philolog]s v prop]ly lay d[n1 e4g4 ,mr ,max ,mll]'s ,*apt] ( ,accid5ts 9 ,comp>ative ,!ology1 ,contemp4 ,rev41 ,april #ahgj1 p4 #h3-- ,comp>ative philology has taught u aga9 & aga9 t :5 we f9d a ^w exactly ! same 9 ,greek & ,sanscrit1 we may be c]ta9 t x _c be ! same ^w2 & ! same applies to comp>ative my?ology 444 = ! simple reason t ,sanscrit & ,greek h deviat$ f ea* o!r1 h bo? foll[$ _! own way1 h bo? suff]$ _! own phonetic corruptions1 & h5ce1 if !y d possess ! same ^w1 !y c only possess x ei!r 9 its ,greek or 9 its ,sanscrit disguise4 ,?is is ( c\rse only ^u ! assumption t ! languages h gone _! own way1 h foll[$ _! own corruptions2 b if x c be %[n t c]ta9 words1 c4 c41 7 pres]v$ 9 tradition1 & s gu>d$ z n to come "u ! laws ( deviation :i* philology traces out1 or to come "u !m on diff]5t conditions1 !n1 on ! contr>y1 x is exce$+ly probable t we %\ld f9d !m id5tical1 or at lea/ recognisable2 9 any case1 ?is is a po9t :i* mu/ be decid$ accord+ to ! evid5ces ( tradition1 & n accord+ to ! laws ( philology4 ,?is w be bett] und]/ood f a case 9 po9t4 ,i app5d ! evid5ce respect+ ! traditions ( ! ,dove & ! ,ra9b[--:i* are j ! incid5ts :i* are likely to h impress$ ! imag9ation & memory ( mank9d4#ccd #ccd ,x w h>dly be d5i$ t ! tradition ( ! ra9b[ z a sign & pl$ge to man exi/$ among ! anci5ts4 ,vide ,bryant1 ii4 #cdh4 ,! goddess ,iris1 :o 0 s5t ) ! messages ( ! gods1 bore ! same "n z ! ra9b[ ,iris4 ,e4g4 ,hom]-- ,greek3 ,iriss9 eoikotes has te ,kronin en nephehi /rixe1 t]as m]opn an?rpn4--,il4 xi4 #bg4 ,l to ! b[ :i* ,jove amid ! cl\ds ,plac$ z a tok5 to despond+ man4 ,also--,il4 xvii4 #edg4 ,greek3 hute porphyren ir9 ?ntoisi tanhuss ,zeus ex ourano!n t]as emm5ai4 ,j z :5 ,jove mid ! high heav5s displays ,8 b[ my/]i\s = a la/+ sign4 ,& ! l9es 7,!og4 v4 #gjj7 9 ,hesiod1 9 :i* ,iris is call$ ! daught] ( ,wond]1 :o is s5t ov] ! broad surface ( ! sea :5 /rife & discord arose among ! immortals1 & :o is also call$ ! great oa? ( ! gods--,?is is ! tok5 ( ! cov5ant betwe5 y & me1 = p]petual g5]ations1 ,g54 ix4 #ab4--:o is told to br+ f af> 9 h] gold5 pit*] ! _m-nam$ wat]4 ,iris is call$ ! daught] ( ,?aumas 7:i* s closely approximates to ! ,greek ,greek3 ,?auma wond]1 ,bryant says to ! ,egyptian ,?aumus74 ,bryant fur!r ?9ks t ,iris & ,eros 7 orig9ally ! same t]m1 b t 9 "t ! latt] 0 =m$ into ! boyi% deity ,cupid ,eros4 ,accord+ to "s1 ,iris 0 ! "m ( ,eros by ,zephyrus4 ,!re 7 inde$ ?ree ,eroses1 :i* m>k ?ree diff]5t l9es ( tradition1 vide ,glad/one on ,iris 7! ra9b[71 ,hom] & ! ,hom]ic ,age1 ii4 #aef4 ,eros 7,cupid71 ?\gh a boy1 0 suppos$ to h be5 at ! comm5cem5t ( all ?+s2 & ,lucian says1 ,h[ came y ) t *ildi% face1 :5 we "k y to be z old z ,japetus8 ,! union ( ,cupid & ,*aos 7! ,deluge is frequ5tly allud$ to z *aos1 vide ,bryant7 gave bir? to m5 & all ! animals4 ,hesiod makes ,eros ! fir/ to appe> aft] ,*aos4 ,at ?is season 7,deluge7 ano!r era began2 ! e>? 0 suppos$ to be r5ew$1 & "t to return to a second infancy4 ,!y !re=e =m$ an emblem ( a *ild ) a ra9b[1 to d5ote ?is r5ovation ( ! _w1 & call$ him ,eros1 or ,div9e ,love1 444 yet e/eem$ ! mo/ anci5t among ! gods4--,bryant1 ii4 #cdi4 7,cupid is repres5t$ ) a b[1 z is also ,apollo & ,diana1 :i* 0 an allusion to ! suppos$ resemblance ( ! b[ & ! ra9b[47 ,probably f 8 connection ) ,iris1 he is repres5t$ z break+ ! ?und]bolts ( ,jupit]1 & rid+ on dolph9s & subdu+ o!r mon/]s ( ! sea4 ,smi? 7,my?4 ,dict47 says ,iris is d]iv$ f ,greek3 er eir1 s t ,iris w\ld mean ! speak] or mess5g]1 444 b x is n impossible t x may be connect$ ) ,greek3 eir1 ',i jo91' :5ce ,greek3 eirn2 s t ,iris1 ! goddess ( ! ra9b[1 w\ld be ! jo9]1 or conciliator1 or ! mess5g] ( heav51 :o re/ores peace 9 nature1 ,x appe>s to me m likely t ,greek3 eirn peace 7d]ivation unc]ta9--,liddell & ,scott7 0 d]iv$ directly f ,iris1 9 accordance ) ! tradition1 & t ! ,greek ^w = wool1 ,greek3 eiros1 0 cognate to ,greek3 eirn1 f be+ an emblem ( peace 7e4g4 ! pontiff's caduceator1 wooll5 veil74 ,9 ! same way1 if we d n actually f9d ! ra9b[ z ! tok5 ( ! h]ald or caduceator1 may we n discov] x conv]sely 9 ! circum/ance t ,iris is repres5t$ z c>ry+ 9 h] h& a h]ald's /aff8 ,x is curi\s t we actually f9d1 :at ,i may call ! si/] emblem1 viz4 ! ,dove1 us$ by ! anci5ts1 ?\gh j z we f9d1 if ,i am "r 9 ! conjecture1 ! ra9b[ among ! ,polynesians1 us$ 9 a p]v]t$ way z an ensign ( w>4 ,x 0 possibly 9 sup]/iti\s remembrance ( ! tradition :i* we f9d m directly among ! anci5t ,aryans & ! ,p]uvians 7p4 #cbf-djj71 t w> ought only to be made ) a disposition t[>ds peace2 & t !y ?\ght to place !mselves "u ! sanction ( heav5 by c>ry+ ?is emblem z _! ensign ( w>4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 ! fact4 ,bryant 7ii4 #cjb7 says3--,! dove became a fav\rite hi]oglyphic among ! ,babylonians & ,*aldees4444 ,9 respect to ! ,babylonians1 x seems to h be5 tak5 by !m = _! national ensign1 & to h be5 depict$ on _! milit>y /&>d :5 !y w5t to w>4 ,!y seem likewise to h be5 /yl$ ,inim1 or ! *ildr5 ( ! ,dove2 & !y are ?us allud$ to by ! ,prophet ,j]emiah1 *4 xxv4 v]4 #ch 7id47 ,bryant says 7ii4 #bhe71 ,! "n ( ! ,dove among ! anci5t ,amonians 7by :i* t]m he int5ds ! desc5dants ( ,*us7 0 ,in & ,inah2 sometimes express$ ,inas1 f :5ce came ! ,greek3 ,o9as ( ! ,greeks4 ,i %\ld r put x t we f9d ! ^w = ! ,dove common to ! ,hebrew & ! ,greek 7,inah1 ,hebrew2 ,greek3 ,oivas1 ,greek71 &1 z ,bryant seems to imply1 among o!r nations also--e4g4 ! ,babylonians--:i* is precisely :at we %\ld h expect$4 ,b if ?is id5tity is all[$1 we mu/ proce$ ) ,bryant to see 9 ,juno1 ,v5us1 & ,diana1 simply embodim5ts ( ! tradition ( ! ,dove4 ,bryant says t ,juno is ! same z ,ina1 & al?\gh1 z we h se51 ! peacock is said to be h] bird 7) ref]5ce to ! o!r symbol1 ! ra9b[71 & al?\gh ,ovid 7,bryant1 #cdd7 s5ds h] to heav5 accompani$ by ,iris 7ra9b[71 yet 9 ! plate 7f ,grut]7 p4 #daj1 %e w be se5 ) a dove on h] w&1 & a pomegranate1 z symbol ( ! ark 7vide p4 #chj71 9 h] h&4 ,bryant1 moreov] 7#cdd71 consid]s ,juno to be id5tical ) ,v5us4 ,!re 0 a /atue 9 ,laconia call$ ,v5us-,junonia4 ,( ,dione & ,v5us ,bryant says 7ii4 #cda73--;,i h m5tion$ t ! "n ,diona 0 prop]ly ,ad1 or ,ada1 ,ina4 ,h5ce came ! t]m ,idione2 :i* ,idione 0 an object ( idolatry z e>ly z ! days ( ,moses4 ,b !re 0 a simil> p]sonage nam$ ,deione4444 ,?is 0 a comp\nd ( ,de ,ine1 ! dove2 & ,v5us ,dionoea may sometimes h be5 =m$ 9 ! same mann]4444 ,dionusus 0 likewise call$ ,?yomus4 ,vide also ,bryant1 pp4 #caf1 #cag4 ,9 ,g5esis viii4 #i1 ! dove return$ to ! ark1 n hav+ f\nd :]e h] foot might re/4 ,9 ! hi]oglyphical sculptures & pa9t+s :]e ?is hi/ory 0 repres5t$1 ! dove c\ld n well be depict$ o!rwise ?an z hov]+ ov] ! face ( ! deep4 ,h5ce x is t ,v5us or ,dione is said to h ris5 f ! sea4 ,h5ce x is1 also1 t %e is said to preside ov] wat]s2 to appease ! tr\bl$ ocean2 & to cause by h] pres5ce an univ]sal calm2 t to h] 7 ow+ on ! retir+ ( ! wat]s ! fruits ( ! e>?4444 ,%e 0 ! ,o5as 7',greek3 ,o9as'7 ( ! ,greeks2 :5ce came ! ,v5us ( ! ,lat9s4 ,! address ( ,lucretius to ?is deity concludes ) two l9es ( rem>kable significance-- ,te ,dea1 te fugiunt v5ti2 te nubila coeli ,adv5tumque tuum2 tibi rid5t quora ponti2 ,pacatumque nitet diffuso lum9e coelum4 ,9 ,sicily1 ^u ,m\nt ,eryx1 0 a celebrat$ temple ( ?is goddess1 :i* is tak5 notice ( by ,cic]o & o!r writ]s4 ,doves 7 "h held z sacr$ z !y 7 9 ,pale/9e or ,syria vide also 9 ,ca%m]e1 p4 #fd4 ,x is rem>kable t !re 7 two days ( ! ye> set ap>t 9 ?is place = fe/ivals1 call$ ,greek3 ,anaggia & ,greek3 ,kataggia1 at :i* "t ,v5us 0 suppos$ to dep>t ov] ! sea1 & aft] a season to return4 ,!re 7 also sacr$ pigeons1 :i* !n took _! flight f ! isl&2 b "o ( !m 0 obs]v$ on ! n9? day to come back f ! sea1 & to fly to ! %r9e ( ! goddess4 ,?is 0 ^u ! fe/ival ( ,greek3 ,anaggia4 ,^u ?is day x is said t !re 7 great rejoic+s4 ,on :at acc\nt c we imag9e ?is v5]ation = ! bird to be kept up1 444 b = a memorial ( ! dove s5t out ( ! ark1 & ( its return f ! deep to ,noah8 ,! hi/ory is record$ ^u ! anci5t co9s ( ,eryx2 :i* h on "o side ! head ( ,janus bifrons1 & on ! o!r ! sacr$ dove4--,bryant1 ii4 #cai4 ,mr ,cox's 7,my?ology1 ii4 *4 ii4 sec4 vii47 c\nt]-explanation1 if ,i rightly ga!r x1 is t on ,aphrodit 7,v5us71 ! *ild ( ! fro? or foam ( ! sea1 0 lavi%$ all ! weal? ( words d5ot+ ! lovel9ess ( ! morn+2 & ?us ! ,hesiodic poet goes on at once to say t ! grass sprung up "u h] feet z %e mov$1 t ,eros1 ,love1 walk$ by h] side1 & ,him]os1 long+1 foll[$ aft] h]4 ,?is is b say+1 9 o!r words1 t ! morn+1 ! *ild ( ! heav5s1 spr+s up fir/ f ! sea1 z ,a!ne is born by ! wat]-side4 ,b :y %\ld ! morn+ spr+ fir/ f ! sea8--m p>ticul>ly :5 ! effects ( h] ris+ is not$ 9 ! spr++ up ( fl[]s on ! l&8 ,if ! ra9b[1 we see ! reason 9 h] connection ) ! ,deluge1 & h] connection ) ! subsequ5t r5ovation ( nature4 ,mr ,cox also says 7p4 #c73--;,9 h] brilliant beauty %e is ,argun1 a "n :i* appe>s aga9 9 t ( ,arguna1 ! companion ( ,kri%na & ! ,hell5ic ,argynius4 ,does n ?is complete ! *a9 ( h] connection ) ,juno8 ,mr ,cox 7p4 #h7 says3--,! ,lat9 ,v5us is1 9 /rictness ( spee*1 a m]e "n1 to :i* any epi!t might be atta*$ accord+ to ! conv5i5ces or ! ne$s ( ! wor%ipp]4444 ,! "n itself has be51 x w\ld seem1 ) good reason1 connect$ ) ! ,sanscrit root 'van1' to desire love or fav\r1--a d]ivation :i* equally accords ) ,bryant's view4 ,!n !re is ! /rik+ connection ( ,v5us ) ,dionusos 7vide p4 #cie74 ,mr ,cox 7p4 #i7 says1 ,! my? ( ,adonis l9ks ! leg5ds ( ,aphrodite 7,v5us7 ) ^? ( ,dionusos4 ,l ! ,!ban w9e-god ,adonis1 born only on ! dea? ( 8 "m2 & ! two my?s are1 9 "o v]sion1 s f> ! same t ,dionysos1 l ,adonis1 is plac$ 9 a *e/1 :i*1 be+ ca/ into ! sea1 is c>ri$ to ,brasi1 :]e ! body ( 8 "m is buri$4 7,comp4 ,kabiri1 ,buns547 ,mr ,cox connects ,a!ne ) ,aphrodite 7,v5us7 7p4 #d74 ,!re=e we mu/ ask him to reconsid] 8 explanation ( ! ,a!nian maid5s embroid]+ ! sacr$ peplos = ! %ip pres5t$ to ,a?ne at ! great ,dionysiac fe/ival4 ,comp>e evid5ce1 supra1 9 *ap4 on ,b\lang]1 c42 ,catl94 ,! digression we h j made involves "s risk ( di/ract+ att5tion f ! po9t x 0 int5d$ to en=ce--viz4 ! tradition>y "* ( ! mode1 &1 by implication1 ! tradition>y recognition ( ! obligation1 ( ! decl>ation ( w>4 ,we h already se5 9 ,ozanam 7supra1 p4 #cga7 indications ( ! probability ( simil> traditions among ! primitive tribes ( ,g]many4 ,w x cl5* ! argum5t if we f9d ,romans & ,gauls on a common und]/&+ 9 ^! matt]s1 :5 br\ght = ! fir/ "t into contact s9ce _! orig9al sep>ation8-- ,! great mis=tunes :i* befel ! city f ! ,gauls1 are said to h proce$$ f ! violation ( ^! sacr$ rites4 ,= :5 ! b>b>ians 7 besieg+ ,clusium1 ,fabius ,ambu/us 0 s5t ambassador to _! camp ) proposals ( peace1 9 fav\r ( ! besieg$4 ,b receiv+ a h>% answ]1 he ?\ght himself releas$ f 8 "* ( ambassador1 & ra%ly tak+ up arms = ! ,clusians1 *all5g$ ! brave/ man 9 ! ,gauli% army4 ,he prov$ victori\s1 444 b ! ,gauls hav+ discov]$ :o he 01 s5t a h]ald to ,rome to accuse ,fabius ( be>+ arms aga9/ !m1 contr>y to treaties & good fai?1 & )\t a decl>ation ( w>4 ,^u ?is ! ,feciales exhort$ ! ,s5ate to deliv] him up to ! ,gauls1 b he appeal$ to ! p1 &1 be+ a fav\rite ) !m1 0 scre5$ f ! s5t5ce4 ,soon aft] ?is1 ! ,gauls m>*$ to ,rome1 & sack$ ! :ole city except ! ,capitol1 z we h relat$ at l>ge 9 ! life ( ,camillus4--,plut>*'s ,numa4 ,i v5ture fur!r to ?9k t ! tradition>y modes ( ! decl>ation ( w> may be detect$ among ! ,gauls 9 ,cs>'s "t1 9 ! mann] ( _! *all5ge4 ,e4g4 x s came ab\t t ,cs> wi%$ to draw ! enemy 7! ,n]vii7 to 8 side ( ! valley & to engage !m at a disadvantage be=e 8 camp4 ,to ?is end he simulat$ fe>4 ,our m5 mean:ile retir+ f ! ramp>t1 !y approa*$ /ill ne>]1 ca/ _! d>ts on all sides )9 ! tr5*es & s5t h]alds r\nd ! camp to proclaim1 c4 7,duncan's ,cs>1 ,b4 v4 xlii47 ,we w n[ turn to ! ,greek tradition4 ,i quote f an old au?or :o has exam9$ ! matt] m fully ?an ,i f9d x treat$ else:]e4 ,r\s4 7,ar*ologi ,attic1 lib4 #f1 s4 #c1 civ47 says3--,z c>eful & cunn+ z !y 7 9 w>like affairs1 ,i _c f9d b t !y did 'prop]e signi qu piget in*o>e1' be> a great affection to peace2 z may appe> 9 _! hon\rable receiv+ ( ambassadors1 to :om !y gave he>+ 9 no worse place ?an a temple4444 ,! usual ensign c>ri$ by ,greek ambassad\rs 0 ,greek3 krykeon1 caduceus1#cce a "r /aff ( wood ) snakes twi/$ ab\t x & look+ "o ano!r 9 ! face4444 ,if ! peace c\ld n be kept1 b !y mu/ ne$s h w>1 yet !y w\ld be sure to give w>n+ & fair play1 & make proclamations ( _! int5tions be=e !y m>*t4 ,! mann] 9 proclaim+ w> 0 to s5d a fell[ ( purpose ei!r to ca/ a spe> or let loose a lamb into ! bord]s ( ! c\ntry1 or into ! city itself :i!r !y 7 m>*+ 7:i* ,hesy*ius r ?9ks to h be5 ! signal be=e a battel71 !reby %[+ !m1 t :at 0 !n a habitation = m51 %\ld %ortly be a pa/ure = %eep4#ccf ,i %\ld r h ?\ght t x _h analogy ) ! ,jewi% scapegoat2 b1 :atev] ! idea1 x 0 app>5tly symboll$ & commemorat$ 9 ! wooll5 veil prescrib$ to ! ,roman pontiff 9 ! decl>ation ( w>4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 t ! signal = battle 7*ap4 v47 0 in/ead ( s\nd+ a trumpet1 !y _h fell[s :om !y call$ ,greek3 pyrphor\s1 t w5t be=e ) tor*es1 & ?r[+ !m d[n 9 ! mid/ betwe5 ! two armies1 gave ! sign4444 ,n[1 ?is bus9ess !y might d safely & )\t any dang]1 444 = ! tor*-be>]s 7 peculi>ly protect$ by ,m>s1 & acc\nt$ sacr$4#ccg #cce ,vide ante1 #cia4 ,t ! entw9$ snakes 7 ( late date w\ld appe>1 ,i ?9k1 f ! allusions to ! suppliants' w&s 9 s*ylus1 e4g4 7vide ,plumtre's s*ylus1 ,libation ,p\r]s1 v4 #ajbd7 :5 ,ore/es puts on ! suppliants wrea?s1 & takes ! olive bran* 9 8 h&-- ,! bran* ( olive f ! topmo/ gr[?1 ,) ample/ tufts ( :ite wool meetly wrea!d4 & 9 ! ,supplicants 7#bb7-- ,hold+ 9 "o h& ! bran*es ,suppliant1 wrea!d ) :ite wool fillets4 #ccf ,also1 ,joannis ,meursii ,!mis ,a?ica1 sive de ,legibus ,alticis1 i4 xi4 says1 ,po/quam v]o ex]citus eductus esset pugnam inire1 non licebat antiquam emissum agm5 ho/ium quis1 hunc expectans accepisset4 #ccg ,?is has some?+ 9 common ) ! fi]y cross s5t r\nd by ! ,highl&]s z ! summons to w>4 ,9 ano!r aspect x has resemblances ) ! ,indian mode ( decl>ation ( w>4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! ,indians decl>e w> aga9/ ea* o!r is by s5d+ a slave ) a hat*et1 ! h&le ( :i* is pa9t$ r$1 to ! nation :i* !y int5d to break )2 & ! mess5g]1 not)/&+ ! dang] to :i* he is expos$ f ! sudd5 fury ( ^? :om he ?us sets at defiance1 executes 8 commission ) great fidelity4--,c>v]'s ,travels 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 p4 #cjg4 ,! s5se ( national responsibility 9 w>1 & ! reluctance ( k+s to involve !mselves )\t ! cons5t ( _! p w\ld appe> f ,o,eschylos' ,supplicants 7v4 #cic1 #cfc74 ,i h ref]r$ 7p4 #cbf7 to ! ,p]uvian traditions ( ,manco ,capac's laws ( w>1 & t 9 e /age ( ! w> ! ,p]uvian 0 op5 to propositions = peace4 ,f ! ,h9doo tradition1 app>5tly1 ,manu's code 0 conceiv$ 9 an id5tical _s4 7,vide ,hi/4 ( ,india1 ,! ,h9du & ,mahometan ,p]iods1 by ! ,hon4 ,m\nt/u>t ,elph9/one2 ,murray1 #ahff1 *4 ii4 p4 #bf47 ,! laws ( w> 7,manu's code7 are hon\rable & humane4 ,poison$ arr[s & mis*iev\sly b>b$ arr[s & fire arr[s are all prohibit$4 ,dr ,hook]1 9 8 ,himalayan ,j\rnal1 m5tions a simil> tradition among ! ,limboos1 ,i ?9k1 or ,lep*as4#cch ,!re are _m situations 9 :i* x is by no means all[able to de/roy ! enemy4 ,among ^? :o mu/ always be sp>$ are un>m$ or w\nd$ m51 & ^? :o h brok5 _! weapons1 & "o :o says1 ',i am ?y captive4' ,o!r prohibitions are /ill m g5]\s4444 ,! settlem5t ( a conqu]$ c\ntry is conduct$ on equally lib]al pr9ciples4 ,imm$iate security is to be assur$ to all by proclamation4 ,! religion & laws ( ! c\ntry are to be ma9ta9$ & respect$4 ,& ,i h fanci$ 7vide #cie7 t ! recognition at lea/ ( su* a tradition1 if x be only ! homage :i* vice pays to virtue1 is to be read 9 ! devices c>ri$ by ! ,babylonians4#cci #cch ,t !re may be limitations to ! horrors ( w>1 seems to be e/abli%$ by ! in/ance ( ! prohibition ( explosive bullets4 ,i read 9 ! ,times 7,m>* #aa1 #ahga73--,! ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal decl>es its op9ion t ! *>ges :i* h be5 put =w>d ( explosive bullets hav+ be5 us$ by ! cont5d+ armies h be5 gr\ndless2 & is incl9$ to believe t ! articles ( ! ,/ ,pet]sburg ,conv5tion h be5 fai?fully adh]$ to1 not)/&+ ! mutual recrim9ations to ! contr>y by bo? ,fr5* & ,g]man ,gov]nm5ts4 #cci ,indirect evid5ce ( ! importance =m]ly atta*$ to ! decl>ation ( w> may1 ,i ?9k1 be discov]$ 9 ! =mal addresses & invocations ( ! gods by ! ,hom]ic h]oes previ\s to combat1 :i* to u seem s =c$ & unnatural2 & ! same s5tim5t 0 notic$ by ! ,spani>ds1 :5 !y fir/ came ov]1 among ! ,p]uvians1 :o did n neglect ! punctilio ( ! decl>ation ( w> ev5 9 _! mo/ high-h&$ aggressions1 e4g4 ,g>cilasso de la ,vega 7,hakluyt ,soc4 ed4 ii4 #ada7 says--,! invad]s s5t ! usual summons t ! p might n be able to allege aft]w>ds t !y _h be5 tak5 unaw>es4 ,!re 01 moreov]1 a law at ,a!ns :i* =bade !m to decl>e w> until aft] a delib]ation ( ?ree days--,bellum v]o antequam dec]n]etur1 triduo delib]>e lex jubebat 7,aps9es1 ,m>cell4 9 ,h]mog4 ap4 ,j4 ,meursii ,!m4 ,att41 l4 i4 c4 xi472 & we h se5 t ! ,s5ate at ,rome po/pon$ ! decl>ation ( w> = ?irty days4 ,i _c help ?9k+1 ?\gh x is ! m]e/ surmise1 t x is 9 ! dim recollection ( "s su* tradition t we mu/ acc\nt = ! mean+less & sup]/iti\s delays :i* we occasionally read ( 9 ! w>f>e ( b>b>\s nations2 e4g4 ,cs> 7,de ,bello ,gallico1 i4 xl4 c47 _h drawn up 8 troops & (f]$ ! enemy battle1 b ,ariovi/us ?\ght prop] to s\nd a retreat4 ,cs> inquir+ ( ! prison]s :y ,ariovi/us s ob/9ately refus$ an engagem5t1 f\nd t x 0 ! cu/om among ! ,g]mans = ! wom5 to decide by lots & div9ation :5 x 0 prop] to decide a battle2 & t ^! _h decl>$ ! army w\ld n be victori\s if !y f\ght be=e ! new moon4#cdj ,!re 0 also a law at ,a!ns t x 0 n lawful to lead =? an army be=e ! sev5? day ( ! mon?4 ,vetitum ,a!nis erat1 ex]citum educ]e ante diem septimum4 ,j4 ,mu]sii1 id4 #cdj ,c>v] 7,travels 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 p4 #cja7 says ( ! ,indians--,sometimes private *iefs make excursions4444 ,^! irregul> sallies1 h[ev]1 are n always approv$ ( by ! eld] *iefs1 ?\gh !y are (t5 oblig$ to connive at !m4444 ,b :5 w> is national1 & und]tak5 by ! community1 _! delib]ations are =mal & sl[4 ,! eld]s assemble 9 c\ncil1 to :i* all ! head w>riors & "y m5 are admitt$1 :5 !y deliv] _! op9ions 9 solemn spee*es2 weigh+ ) maturity ! nature ( ! ent]prise !y are ab\t to engage 91 & balanc+ ) great sagacity ! advantages or inconv5i5ces t w arise f x4 ,_! prie/s are also consult$ on ! subject1 & ev5 sometimes ! advice ( ! mo/ intellig5t ( _! wom5 is ask$4 ,if ! det]m9ation be = w> !y prep>e = x ) mu* c]emony4 ,i h discuss$ ! anci5t mode ( decl>ation ( w> at "s l5g? z an in/ance ( tradition4 ,!re are "s1 ,i am afraid1 to :om ! discussion w appe> ineffably trifl+2 & ,i may ev5 be miscon/ru$ to say t ev]y?+ w\ld be set "r 9 ,europe1 if only a h]ald 7 s5t 9 prop] =m to decl>e w>4 ,!re are m5 ( a c]ta9 ca/ ( m9d to :om =ms are repugnant2 !re are o!rs to :om !y are un9telligible4 ,x has be5 obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! rejection ( =ms is "o ?+1 ! neglect ( !m ano!r4 ,! rejection ( =ms may be1 on "s pr9ciple1 good1 ?\gh misappli$1 (t5 does unconsci\s homage :5 x means to spurn1 & may be comp5sat$ = 9 o!r ways4 ,! neglect ( !m is simply evid5ce ( laxity4 ,cromwell p]fectly well knew ! div9ity :i* atta*$ to =ms :5 he said1 ,take away t bauble2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 no "o bett] ?an he w\ld h judg$ ! /ate ( an army 7n 8 own7 9 :i* he 0 told t x 0 ! cu/om ( soldi]s n to salute _! (fic]s4 ,! decl>ation ( w> )\t any solemnity1 /ill m ! comm5cem5t ( ho/ilities )\t any decl>ation at all1#cda seems to me closely analog\s--z a sign ( disorganisation--to ! abs5ce ( any =m ( salute at a p>ade4 ,i am f> f cont5d+ t old =ms1 :5 !y h become obsolete1 c be resuscitat$2 b ,i d cont5d = ! resuscitation ( anci5t maxims & ideas4 ,9 any age fully imbu$ ) ! responsibility ( w>1 9 :i* x 0 consid]$ unseemly to decl>e x until aft] a ?ree days' delib]ation 9 solemn conclave1 & :i* ev5 !n protract$ ! decl>ation till ! sev5? or ! ?irtie? day1 w\ld x h be5 possible = two great nations to h gone to w> because !re _h be5 a brea* ( etiquette1 if inde$ !re 0 a brea* ( etiquette1 at a ,g]man wat]+-place8#cdb ,all[+ t ?is 0 m]ely ! o/5sible pretext1 & t ! real gr\nds rema9$ beh9d--if ^! long delib]ations _h be5 necess>ily int]pos$1 w\ld !re n h be5 a ?\s& *ances 9 fav\r ( su* a ,european int]v5tion z sav$ ! peace ( ,europe ?ree ye>s be=e 9 ! affair ( ,luxemb\rg8 ,yet1 s f> z we "k at pres5t1 ! foll[+ is ! hi/ory ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! mo/ horrible1 ! mo/ de/ructive1 & ! mo/ b>b>\s w>#cdc ( mod]n times4 #cda ,9 anci5t times w> 0 solemnly decl>$ ei!r by c]ta9 fix$ c]emonies or by ! ann\ncem5t ( h]alds2 & a w> comm5c$ )\t su* decl>ation 0 reg>d$ z in=mal & irregul>1 & contr>y to ! usages ( nations4 ,grotius says t a decl>ation ( w> is n necess>y by ! law ( nations--,naturali jure nulla requiritur decl>atio1 b t x 0 requir$ by ! law ( nations1 jure g5tium1 by :i* t]m1 be x rememb]$1 he means ! usages ( nations4 ,& 9 ?is he 0 "r1 z until ! age 9 :i* he liv$ w>s 7 almo/ inv>iably prec$$ by solemn decl>ations4 ,! ,romans1 accord+ to ,alb]icus ,g5tilis1 did n grant a triumph = any w> :i* _h be5 comm5c$ )\t a =mal decl>ation 7,de ,jure ,belli1 c4 ii4 i472 b ! ,greeks d n seem to h be5 at all regul> 9 ! obs]vance ( ! cu/om 7,bynk]%ock1 ,qus4 ,jur4 ,pub41 l4 i4 c4 ii47 ,dur+ ! times ( *ivalry decl>ations ( w> 7 usually giv5 ) great =mality1 ! habits ( knigh?ood be+ c>ri$ into ! cu/oms ( g5]al w>f>e1 & x be+ held mean to fall ^u an adv]s>y :5 unprep>$ to def5d himself 7,w>d1 ,introd4 ii4 #bjf-bcj74 ,) ! decl9e ( *ivalry ?is cu/om fell into disuse4 ,gu/avus ,adolphus invad$ ,g]many )\t any decl>ation ( w> 7,z\*1 ,de ,judicio int] ,g5tes1 ,p4 ii4 x4 #a72 b ?is appe>s to h be5 an exception to ! usages ( ! age1 & ,cl>5don speaks ( decl>ations ( w> z be+ cu/om>y 9 8 "t1 & blames ! w> 9 :i* ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham w5t to ,france1 z ent]$ into ')\t s mu* z ! =mality ( a decl>ation f ! k+1 conta9+ ! gr\nd & provocation & end ( x1 accord+ to cu/om & obligation 9 ! l cases4' ,=mal d5unciations ( w> by h]alds 7 discont9u$ ab\t ! "t ( ,grotius2 ! la/ in/ance hav+ be51 accord+ to ,voltaire1 :5 ,l\is ,,xiii4 s5t a h]ald to ,brussels to decl>e w> aga9/ ,spa9 9 #afce4--,w4 ,oke ,mann+'s ,comm5t>ies on ,law ( ,nations4 #cdb ,look+ back on ! hi/ory ( ! autumn 444 we may yet be impress$ by ! conviction t1 _h ! union ( ! ,european family ( nations be5 /r5g!n$ z x might h be5 be=e ! w> broke out1 x might nev] h be5 begun1 or w\ld h long s9ce t]m9at$4 ,! ,treaty ( ,p>is put on record a decl>ation 9 fav\r ( arbitration1 b x prov$ to be wor?less :5 s\ght to be appli$4--,times1 ,feb4 #ae1 #ahga4 ,i %all h a ^w to say pres5tly on ! decl>ation ( ! ,treaty ( ,p>is4 #cdc ,x mu/ n be =gott51 h[ev]1 t x 0 ! revolution 9 ,p>is :i* gave ?is w> its abnormal "*1 & creat$ situations = :i* ! law ( nations _h no prec$5ts1 or prec$5ts only :i* 7 ( d\btful application4 ,a private lett] f ,p>is relates t ! ,duc de ,grammont1 :o has tak5 to sp5d 8 ev5+s at ! ,jockey ,club1 0 lately ask$ !re1 ',h[ he came to blund] into su* a fatal w>8'#cdd ,he repli$1 ',i ask$ ! ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 ,leboeuf1 if he 0 ready1 & he answ]$1 ,ready6 ay1 & d\bly ready2 o!rwise1' add$ ! ,duc1 ',i %\ld h tak5 c>e n to h c\nsell$ a w> :i* !re 7 tw5ty modes ( av]t+4'--,times1 ,sept4 #a1 #ahgj4cde #cdd ,comp>e infra1 p4 #dab4 #cde ,comp>e ) ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! decl>ation ( w> by ,m4 ,f4 de ,*ampagny1 de ,l',acad4 ,fr41 9 ! ,correspondant1 #be ,ju9 #ahga3--;,a gov]nm5t wrongly inspir$ propos$ to u a w>4 ,)\t ask+ x :y x wi%$ to make x1 )\t ask+ if x c\ld make x1 )\t reflection1 )\t discussion1 )\t li/5+ to ! m5 ( "n & exp]i5ce1 :o implor$ ( u at lea/ tw5ty-f\r h\rs = reflection1 we accept$ ?is w>1 ,i d n say ) en?usiasm1 b ) frivol\s levity1 n z crusad]s1 b z *ildr54 ,x seem$ to u suffici5t to tipple 9 ! 'cafs1' s++ ! ',m>seillaise1' to intoxicate ! soldi]s1 to ?r[ squibs into :at 7 !n call$ s5sational j\rnals1 to cry ' ,b]l96' 9 ord] to g "r (f to ,b]l94 ,& :5 x 0 discov]$ t we 7 n go+ on at all to ,b]l91 b t ,b]l9 0 com+ to ,p>is1 t ?is en?usiasm ( ! 'caf' did n cause armies to spr+ into life1 :at 0 our res\rce8 ,always ! same3 to ov]?r[ a gov]nm5t6 ,! ext5t ( ! disorganisation & ! laxity into :i* we h fall51 appe>s p]haps z /rik+ly z 9 any any?+ else 9 ! frequ5cy ( ! compla9ts ( ! little reg>d paid to p>lm5taires & (fic]s be>+ flags ( truce4 ,b :at />tles u m ?an all is ! light mann] 9 :i* ?is transgression ( ! law ( nations is ref]r$ to ev5 by ! p>ties aggriev$4 ,i w "h place two extracts :i* ,i h made 9 juxtaposition3-- ,c>v] 7,travels 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 p4 #ceh7 says1 t :5 a deputation sets out toge!r = _! enemy's c\ntry ) propositions ( peace1 ,!y be> be=e !m ! pipe ( peace1 :i*1 ,i ne$ n in=m my read]s1 is ( ! same nature z a flag ( truce among ! ,europeans1 & is treat$ ) ! greate/ respect & v5]ation ev5 by ! mo/ b>b>\s nations4 ,i nev] he>d ( an in/ance :]e9 ! be>]s ( ?is sacr$ badge ( fri5d%ip 7 ev] treat$ disrespectfully1 or its rights violat$4 ,! ,indians believe t ! ,great ,_s nev] suff]s an infraction ( ?is k9d to g unpuni%$4 ,c\nt ,*&ordy1 9 8 reply to ,c\nt ,bism>ck1 dat$ ,bordeaux1 ,jan4 #be1 #ahga1 says3--,c\nt ,bism>ck reproa*es ! ,fr5* armies ) hav+ fir$ on p>lm5taires4 ,an accusation ( ?is nature _h already be5 br\ght to ! k ( ! ,p>is ,gov]nm5t1 & we may quote ! foll[+ words ( ,m4 ,jules ,favre 9 8 circul> ( #ab? ,janu>y--,i h ! satisfaction to acqua9t y\r excell5cy t ! ,gov]nor ( ,p>is has ha/5$ to ord] an inquiry into ! facts alleg$ by ,c\nt ,bism>ck1 & 9 ann\nc+ ?is to him he has br\ght mu* m num]\s facts ( ! same nature to 8 own cognizance :i* are imput$ to ,prussian s5t9els1 b :i* he nev] w\ld h all[$ to int]rupt ord9>y relations4 ,i d n "k :e!r ?is contra/ betwe5 b>b>ism1 su* z x exi/$ 9 ! la/ c5tury1 & mod]n civilisation1 w a/oni% ^? p>tisans ( success :om 9 tru? no?+ 9 all ! multi=m atrocities ( ?is dreadful w> seems to h a/oni%$ or %ock$1 s t x 0 at times almo/ ludicr\s to he> ^! intr\vables decl>e su* ?+s z ! bomb>dm5t ( hospitals & *ur*es1 z at ,/rasburg & ,p>is1 q "r1 :i* ev5 ! ,g]man comm&]s1 :5 ! matt] 0 br\ght to _! att5tion1 admitt$ to be wrong4 ,?is p]haps is ! wor/ symptom ( corruption we h yet se51 & yet !re 0 a "t1 & t q rec5t1 :5 a diff]5t s5tim5t prevail$4 ,i h j ref]r$#cdf to ! decl>ation 9 ! ,treaty ( ,p>is1 :i* ?\ght to inaugurate a new era by br++ all causes ( conflict 9 ,europe to a settlem5t ( arbitration4 ,b let no "o be disc\rag$ or cease to believe 9 ! possibility ( su* a consummation because ( ! result4 ,!re nev] 0 a /rong] in/ance ( ! intellect ( ! _w va9ly /riv+ to create an int]national code & sy/em = itself :i* 0 to be di/9ct f ! law ( nations2 = at ! same mom5t t ! diplomati/s :o 7 collect$ 9 ,p>is set to "w ^u _! t[]1 :i* 0 to erect itself above ! wat]s ( any future inundation1 !y "o & all agre$ to demoli%1 & z a fir/ /ep to pull d[n1 ! corn]/one f ! temple ( ! pa/4 ,h[ ?is 0 br\ght ab\t w be/ be told 9 an extract f ! ,c\nt de ,montalemb]t's ,pie ,,ix4 et la ,france en #ahdi et #ahei1 p4 #aj3-- ,let u g back to ! orig9 ( ! evil1 444 x dates back m especially f ! ,congress ( ,p>is 9 #ahef1 f t diplomatic reunion :i*1 aft] hav+ solemnly decl>$ t none ( ! contract+ p[]s _h ! "r to int]f]e ei!r collectively or individually 9 ! relations ( a sov]eign ) 8 subjects 7,protocol ( #ah? ,m>*71 aft] hav+ proclaim$ ! pr9ciple ( ! absolute indep5d5ce ( ! sov]eigns1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,turki% ,sultan aga9/ 8 ,*ri/ian subjects1 ?\ght x )9 its compet5cy1 9 its protocol ( ! #h? ( ,april1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( any repres5tative ( ! augu/ accus$1 to proclaim t ! situation ( ! ,pontifical ,/ates 0 'abnormal' & 'irregul>4' ,?is accusation develop$ & exagg]at$ at ! ,tribune1 & else:]e by ,"l ,palm]/on & ,c\nt ,cav\r1 0 equally =mulat$ "u ! ,presid5cy & ^u ! initiative ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs 9 ,france1 & x is consequ5tly ,france :i* mu/ be> ! pr9cipal responsibility be=e ! ,*ur* & ,europe4 ,we c recall ! grief & surprise :i* ?is /range proce$+ creat$ 9 ! ,ca?olic _w4 #cdf ,vide note #ai1 p4 #djc4 ,?us 0 ! game set roll+2 & ! policy ?us indicat$ 0 pursu$ ) ! eag] & unrel5t+ p]t9acity ( "s1 & ) ! tacit approval ( ! re/ ( ! co-signatories4 ,! w> decl>$ by ,france aga9/ ,au/ria1 :i* 0 ! precipitat+ cause ( ! /orm :i* broke ^u ! ,papal ,/ates1 c1 x is true1 only be reg>d$ z evid5ce ( ! conspiracy--inasmu* z x 0 decl>$ by "o ( ! conspirators at ! in/igation ( ano!r1 ^: ultimate aim 0 ! seizure ( ! ,/ates ( ! ,*ur* & ( ! o!r indep5d5t ,italian sov]eignties to ! pr(it ( ,pi$mont4 ,s soon z ! victory ( ! ,fr5* arms 0 decid$1 ! ,emp]or's proclamation f ,milan appe>$1 incit+ ! populations to insurrection4 ,all !n foll[$ 9 sequ5ce--! revolt ( ! ,romagnas f\r days aft] ! ,milan manife/o1 _! annexation along ) ! o!r indep5d5t /ates ( ,c5tral ,italy by ,pi$mont1 ?is annexation be+ effect$ ) ! connivance1 if n ! cons5t1 ( ,france1 & = :i* paym5t 0 ev5tually made 9 ! cession ( ,nice & ,savoy 7all ?is be+ 9 contrav5tion ( ! treaties ( ,villafranca & ,zuri*74 ,b :at matt]$ ! contrav5tion ( treaties 9 comp>ison ) ! sc5es :i* foll[$8 ,! programme ( ! congress1 or1 if t is d5i$1 ! programme ( two 7if n ?ree1 = x is difficult to acquit ,"l ,palm]/on & ,"l ,john ,russell ( p>ticipation by cons5t7 ( ! p[]s :o _h ent]$ into ! conspiracy aga9/ ,european ord]1 & ^!1 at t "t1 ! p[]s 9 ! highe/ /ate ( milit>y effici5cy1 0 to be c>ri$ out p] fas et nefas4 ,naples & ! patrimony ( ,/ ,pet] _h to be secur$1 & z !y morally pres5t$ no vuln]able side1 !y 7 seiz$ by ! h& ( ! m>aud] 9 defiance ( all law1 human & div9e4#cdg ,g>ibaldi's desc5t on ,sicily1 effect$ "u ! cov] ( ! ,engli% navy1 0 simply a brusque & flagrant act ( piracy1 = :i* no plea ( ju/ification has ev] be5 set up4 ,! usurpation ( ! ,papal ,/ates1 ?\gh n less ru?lessly accompli%$ 9 ! end1 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh ) m reg>d to =m 9 its prelim9>y /ages2 yet at ! la/ ! diplomatic mask 0 torn (f1 & ! invasion 0 made )\t any pretext or ju/ification kn[n to ! law ( nations1 & )\t ev5 a decl>ation ( w>4 #cdg ,^! 7 ! words :i* ! ,m>quis ( ,ba? _h ! c\rage to use 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords :5 ev]ybody else 0 jo9+ 9 a ludicr\s dirge ( homage to ,cav\r4 ,i wi% to put ?is prote/1 z well z ! simil> prote/s ( ! ,m>quis ( ,normanby & ! ,e>l ( ,don\ghmore on record1 z !re may come a "t :5 ,engl& w be glad to recur to !m4 ,"h1 aga91 ! ,imp]ial diplomacy & ,italian intrigue w5t h& 9 h&4 ,lamorici]e1 9 reliance ^u ! hon\r ( ,france1 _h made all 8 dispositions aga9/ ,g>ibaldi1 & _h receiv$ a lett] f ! ,fr5* ambassador z late z ! #g? ,septemb] 7be>+ ! same date z ! s-call$ ultimatum ( ,cav\r1 al?\gh ! ,pi$montese troops _h cross$ ! fronti] be=e x 0 deliv]$71 :i* ,i %all "h reproduce1 see+ t x is n on record 9 ! ,annuaire des ,deux ,mondes 7#ahfj7--;,i in=m y by ! ,emp]or's ord]s t ! ,pi$montese w n ent] ! ,roman ,/ates1 & t #bj1jjj ,fr5* are ab\t to occupy ! diff]5t places ( ^? /ates4 ,make1 !n1 all y\r dispositions aga9/ ,g>ibaldi4--,le ,duc de ,grammont4#cdh 7,?is lett] 0 dat$ ,septemb] #g1 #ahfj1 ! battle ( ,ca/elgid>do 0 f\ght on ! #ah? ,septemb] #ahfj47 ,x is ne$less to add t no re9=cem5ts f ,france appe>$1 & t ! assurance s]v$ no o!r purpose ?an to mislead1 & to ?r[ ,lamorici]e (f 8 gu>d4 ,inde$1 9 spite ( v>i\s prote/ations & ! subsequ5t )drawal ( ! ,fr5* ambassador f ,tur91 ! ,ca?olic _w settl$ d[n into ! belief1 n only t ! ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5* _h nev] _h ! int5tion ( s5d+ troops to ! rescue1 b t ! :ole s*eme ( ! invasion _h be5 delib]ately devis$ at ! om9\s int]view :i* took place on ! #bh? ( ,augu/ previ\s1 betwe5 ! ,emp]or1 ,f>9i1 & ,g5]al ,ciald9i4 ,x 0 ev5 said t ! words us$ by ! ,emp]or on ! occasion transpir$1 frappez =t et frappez vite1--a t]se & /rik+ phrase1 :i* w fitly p]petuate 9 ! human memory ! mo/ flagrant violation ( ! law ( nations :i* hi/ory af=ds4#cdi #cdh ,vide ,curr5t ,ev5ts1 9 ,rambl]1 #ahfj4 #cdi ,does ! fai? ( treaties1 ! "r ( treaties1 /ill exi/8 ,look at :at has happ5$ 9 ,europe dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,! treaties made ) ! ,*ur* 7 ! fir/ violat$2 !y h decl>$ t a 'concordat' is no?+ m ?an a law ( ! ,/ate1 :i* ! ,/ate c alt] at w--9 o!r words1 t1 unlike all o!r contracts1 conv5tions ( ?is nature1 inviolable = "o ( ! p>ties1 c be brok5 by ! o!r at its pleasure2 k+s h ?us put ! ,*ur* outside ! law ( nations4 ,b1 9 consequ5ce1 !y h exclud$ !mselves4 ,:5 ! mo/ sacr$ ( all treaties 7 ?us trampl$ ^u1 h[ w\ld !y h ! o!rs respect$8 ,!y h ev5 writt51 or caus$ to be writt51 on a solemn occasion 7',napoleon ,,iii4 et ,l',italie1 #ahei'7 t treaties no long] b9d :5 ! g5]al s5tim5t decl>es aga9/ !m2 9 o!r t]ms1 :5 !y displease u4 ,at ?is epo*1 9 #ahei1 we 7 disput+ ) ,au/ria a possession :i* all treaties _h gu>ante$ to h]1 & ! neutral signatories ( ^! treaties did n prote/4 ,victori\s ov] ,au/ria1 we h 9 our turn made a treaty ) h]2 & ?is treaty 0 violat$ :5 sc>cely sign$2 & nei!r we nor ! re/ ( ,europe prote/$4 ,lat] on1 ! diss5sions betwe5 ,g]many & ,d5m>k end$ 9 a treaty1 :i* ! re/ ( ,europe gu>ante$2 b soon ,g]many broke ?is treaty by =ce ( arms1 & ,europe did n say a ^w4 ,i omit "h ! conv5tion ( ,septemb]1 444 ! treaty ( #ahef4 ,on all ^! occasions ! indiff]5ce ( ?ird p>ties has come to ! aid ( ! cupidity ( ! aggressors2 & ! moral s5se has be5 s f> want+ 9 ! ,cab9ets t !y h assi/$ & applaud$ acts ( brig&age = ! love ( ! art1 & )\t ev5 ?9k+ t ! brig&1 :5 he grew /rong1 w\ld fall on ! morr[ on !mselves4 ,w y f9d 9 ,european hi/ory twelve ye>s s fruitful 9 pl$ges & p]juries8 ,all ?is 0 done ) ! undisguis$ satisfaction ( sev]al vet]an ,engli% /atesm51 :o 71 moreov]1 directly or indirectly repres5t$ at ! same congress :i* s\ght to b9d ! ,european p[]s to call 9 ! arbitration ( a fri5dly p[]1 9 case ( disagreem5t1 be=e mak+ an appeal to arms4 ,n[ !re is no reason :y ?is rule1 good 9 itself1 & congru\s to ! _s & maxims ( ! law ( nations1 %\ld n h be5 embodi$ z a fundam5tal article 9 ! code2 = ! law ( nations is n a dead-lett]1 b1 l ev]y?+ t is ( tradition1 easily l5d+ itself to adaptation & developm5t accord+ to ! *ang+ circum/ances ( ! _w4 ,c we be surpris$ t ?is pr9ciple1 good & accord+ to reason1 b :i* nev]!less presupposes c]ta9 s5tim5ts 9 ! _w 9 correspond5ce ) x1 %\ld 9 ! actual circum/ances h be5 b>r5 ( results8 ,is x wond]ful t x %\ld h misc>ri$ 9 ! h&s ( m5 :o 7 p>ties to ! invasion1 )\t ev5 ! =m ( a decl>ation ( w>1 ( ! ,/ate pr$e/9$ by div9e ,provid5ce to be ! corn]/one ( ,*ri/5dom8 ,w\ld x h be5 befitt+ t ?is b5efic5t arrangem5t %\ld h be5 de/9$ to be ! "w ( m5 :o1 ei!r by p>ticipation or z accessories aft] ! fact1 _h set _! h&s to a de$ :i* %ock$ e pr9ciple ( morality1 & made ! v notion ( public law 9 ,europe ridicul\s8 ,! e>ly comm5cem5ts ( ?is policy _c be /udi$ at a m appropriate mom5t ?an n[1 :5 we are witness+ its d5\em5t4 ,:at has be5 ! result to ,france ( its ,italian policy8 ,to ,au/ria8 ,to ,engl&8 ,to ,europe8 ,has any p[] prosp]$ t _h a h& 9 sett+ ! ball roll+1 or1 = t matt]1 any p[] t _h ! responsibility ( /ay+ ! p>ricidal h&1 & held back8 ,if ,au/ria1 ! fir/ victim1 _h firmly & /r5u\sly resi/$ ! e>ly in/igations ( evil1 w\ld %e ev]1 accord+ to human calculations1 h _h to fight at ,mag5ta & ,solf]9o8 &1 9 ano!r way1 0 !re n some?+ dramatic 9 ! sudd5 rev]se & displacem5t ( ,c\nt ,buol1 :o _h be5 ! ,au/rian repres5tative at ! ,congress1 imm$iately aft] he _h hurl$ ! fatal ultimatum8 ,! retort w be triumphant4 ,did n ,france1 ! great culprit ( all1 :o bo? ca/ its own responsibility to ! w9ds & s[$ ! hurricane1 conqu] at ,solf]9o8 ,truly %e did2 b respice f9em1 or r1 we may say1 we h liv$ to see ! end4 ,did n ,solf]9o1 aft] "s t5 ye>s ( delusive prosp]ity1 lead up to ,s$an8 ,( ,engl& ,i d n wi% to say m ?an t s9ce t date %e has unacc\ntably fall5 9 ! e/eem ( m52 has1 9 h] turn1 met ) inju/ice1 & no long] ma9ta9s ! same relative position :i* %e held dur+ ! fifty ye>s prec$+ ! ,congress4 ,ev]y?+1 9 f9e1 s9ce t date1 seems to h gone 9 fav\r ( t ,european p[] :i* rema9$ 9 ! backgr\nd1 & :i*1 if x did no good act at ! ,congress1 at lea/ _h ! worldly wisdom to fold its arms & refra9 f sacrilege4 ,yes1 ,prussia has _h h] victory2 b by all acc\nts !re nev] 0 a victory :i* has made a nation s sad & m\rnful1 & :i* 0 greet$ ) few] manife/ations ( joy4 ,x 0 peace r ?an victory :i* 0 welcom$ home4 ,"h1 too1 we seem to see ! subtle & nicely-measur$ retaliation4 ,aga91 0 !re no significance 9 ! unlook$-= disa/]s at ,=ba* & ,wo]?1 occurr+ co9cid5tly ) ! f9al ab&onm5t ( ,rome by ,france8 ,^! are ?+s :i* /rike ! eye1 b :i* are difficult ( demon/ration1 & x w\ld appe> a hopeless err& to conv9ce a g5]ation :i* has witness$ ! burn+ ( ,p>is1 if n )\t emotion1 at any rate )\t s]i\s reflection1 &1 9 spite ( manife/ pr$iction1 has refus$ to see 9 x ! f+] ( retribution & ! h& ( ,god4 ,& yet belief 9 ?is retribution ( heav5 is at ! f\ndation ( ! law ( nations4 ,previ\sly to ! a/\nd+ exp]i5ces ( ! rec5t w>1 dur+ ^? ye>s s fruitful 9 pl$ges & p]juries1 x 0 a common phrase1 & mo/ frequ5tly us$ ) ref]5ce to ,france1 t w> 0 no long] an affair ( div9e ,provid5ce1 b t ,provid5ce 0 always on ! side ( ! big battalions4 ,) "o ^w z to ! significance ( ?is phrase1 :i* is tantam\nt to a negation ( ! law ( nations1 ,i %all conclude4 ,x may c]ta9ly happ51 t 9 a conte/ "o p>ty may be consci\sly hypocrite1 :il/ ! o!r is consci\s ( its rectitude2 b presum$ly1 & until ! contr>y is manife/$1 bo? p>ties mu/ be suppos$ to believe !mselves 9 ! "r1 & to run ! tilt l knights 9 ! m$ival t\rnam5t4 ,nev]!less1 z ,dr ,johnson said1 !re are argum5ts = a pl5um & = a vacuum1 b "o conclusion only c be true2 & 9 "s way 9 e conflict1 :i* is true & :i* is j is kn[n only to ! inscrutable judgm5t ( ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,we d n "k all ! secrets ( c\rts1 nei!r c\ld we exactly det]m9e ! po9t if we _h be=e u all ! delib]ations ( c\ncils1 x is suffici5t = u to "k t victory is n always on ! side ( ! big battalions1 z witness1 int] alia1 ,m>a?on1 ,morg>t51 ,bannockburn1 ,lepanto1 ,m5tana4 ,w any ,engli%man ma9ta9 ! proposition t victory is always on ! side ( ! big battalions8 ,!n1 beg9n+ ) ,cressy & ,poicti]s1 & foll[+ ,m>lbor\gh ?r\gh ! fields ( ,bl5heim1 ,ramilies1 & ,malplaquet1 & ! ,duke ( ,well+ton ?r\gh ! ,p59sul> ,w>1 we mu/ r5\nce t :i* gives ! clat to all our victories4 ,d\btless1 !n1 ! quality ( troops w 9 "s in/ances weigh f> m ?an numb]s4 ,y all[ x8 ,we n[ introduce an elem5t ( great unc]ta9ty1 & ab\t :i* !re w always be mu* dispute1 & moreov] x w always be a matt] conc]n+ :i* religion & morality w h mu* to say4 ,x is no long] an affair ( big battalions1 x is no long] r$uc$ to a matt] ( calculation1 on :i* side ! victory is to be4 ,let me fur!r rem>k1 t :il/ !re is "o set ( writ]s :o w be ready to say t ,provid5ce is on ! side ( ! big battalions1 !re is ano!r set ( writ]s1 & ^! ! m5 :o are m conv]sant ) ! details1 :o w ) great acut5ess und]take to prove to y t x is s mu* an affair ( ,provid5ce t 9 ea* case ! victory 0 sc>cely a victory1 & only su* because "s casualty on ! o!r side int]v5$ to conv]t :at w\ld o!rwise h be5 a victory into a defeat4 ,x is un=tunately true t ?is latt] class ( hi/orians & /rategi/s d n1 z a rule1 trace 9 ! turn ( ev5ts ! retribution ( ,provid5ce4 ,/ill1 ! presumption w always be t victory fav\rs ! righte\s cause1 al?\gh x may be only pro hac vice1 & ultimate success may n cr[n ! c>e] ( ! victori\s nation1 because its virtues may n h m]it$ m ?an a signal & s+le success2--or x may ev5 be t its m]its may be ( a k9d su* z to ga9 x a rew>d :i* transc5ds ! rew>ds ( e>?ly victory2 or1 aga91 ! c>e] ( victory mu/ be expla9$ & measur$ by ! dep?s ( ! f9al cata/rophe & discomfiture4 ,9 any case1 x is a great ?+ = a nation to h won a victory 9 a rightful cause4 ,! rew>d ( virtue rema9s & gladd5s ! he>t 9 ! day ( disa/] & di/ress4 ,:atev] may *ance to u1 !re w always lie 9 /ore = u ! consolation ( read+ ! hi/ory ( ! battle ( ,wat]loo2 n1 let u say1 z ! victory ( "o nation ov] ano!r nation1 b z ! great & f9al triumph ( a righte\s ov] an unrighte\s cause1 ga9$ by ,engl&4 ,x is1 ?ank ,god6 impossible alike = ! conqu]or & ! revolution>y multitude to de/roy ! ,pa/4 ,,index4 ,aborig9al races1 _! my/]i\s orig91 #ce4 ,acton1 ,"l1 #bea4 ,adam1 suppos$ id5tity ) ,prome!us & ,h]cules1 #db1 #ahj2 ) ,fohi1 #fd1 #bcb2 mean+ ( ! ^w1 #acd2 correspond5ce (1 ) ,*aldan god1 ,ana1 #ahi4 ,adams1 ,mr ,ar?ur1 #cdh4 ,adaptability ( law ( nations1 #daj4 ,adonis & ,v5us1 my?s (1 #cif1 #cig4 ,adra/us1 ! leg5d (1 #agi4 neid1 !1 ( ,virgil quot$1 #bab4 s*ylus1 ! ,supplicants (1 quot$1 #aca4 ,africa1 commemorative c]emonies ( ,deluge1 #bdh1 #bej2 ,capta9 ,burton's acc\nt (1 #bea2 comp>$ ) ,catl9's n>rative1 #bed-bfj4 ,see also ,deluge1 ,commemorative ,fe/ivals4 ,africanus1 #ie4 ,age ( ,bronze1 !1 #ccd1 #cce2 comm5cem5t (1 #ccf4 ,age1 ! ,gold51 #cbc2 !ory ( & comm5cem5t1 #cbc2 tradition (1 #cbh4 ,age1 ! ,iron1 #abi4 ,agnatic relation%ip1 #ceg1 #ceh1 #cfj4 ,algonqu9s1 !1 #aeb4 ,allies1 ,mr1 on div]g5ce betwe5 religion & philosophy1 #ajh4 ,am]ica1 ! ,mozca ,indians (1 #gj2 diluvian traditions 91 #bdb2 ! ,o-kee-pa ( ! ,m&ans1 #bde1 #bdf2 ,catl9's acc\nt ( c]emonies1 #bed-bfb2 ! ,p]uvian deity1 #ahf2 ,p]uvian wor%ip1 #cjd4 ,see also ,deluge1 ,commemorative ,fe/ivals4 ,am]ica1 ! discov]y (1 a pro( ( tradition1 #cbd4 ,am]ican cont95t1 s\rce ( peoples (1 #bfc-bff4 ,am]ican ,indians1 ! leg5d ( ,mi*abo among !1 #aeb1 #aec2 tradition ( fire among1 #cbj4 ,amida or ,adima1 ! ,japanese god1 #fe4 ,amphictyonic ,c\ncil & ,league1 #cfa-cfe4 ,ana1 a ,*aldan god1 #ahg2 traditional id5tity ( ) ,adam1 #ahi2 a r$uplication ( ,enu or ,eno*1 #aib4 ,ance/ors1 wor%ip (1 #afa1 #bje4 ,anci5t society1 ! unit (1 #cci4 ,&amans1 !1 #cjh1 #cac4 ,&riossy's hypo!sis reg>d+ ov]fl[ ( ! ,nile1 #fh4 ,an?i/]ies1 !1 #bbf4 ,antiquity ( man1 #ia4 ,apollo1 #bda4 ,apo!osis ( ,nimrod1 #afj4 ,arab & ,iroquois1 exceptional in/ances ( human progress1 #cc4 ,arba-,lisun1 !1 or ,f\r ,tongues1 #ahd4 ,arbitration in/ead ( w>1 #chj4 ,areopagus1 a cosmopolitic1 #chc4 ,argos1 fea/ ( ! deluge at1 #bdc4 ,argyll1 ,duke (1 on tradition1 #abj1 #abc2 on capability ( savage races1 #cad4 ,arrival & conflict ( diff]5t races 9 ,india1 #ce-ch4 ,aryan nations 9 ,india1 _! /ruggle ) ! ,santals1 #cf2 _! dialect1 #cf2 ,mr ,tylor on1 #da2 "o ( ! primitive races1 #dc2 probable id5tity ) ,japhetic race1 #dc2 _! col\r1 #hd2 _! my?ology1 #afh4 ,a%1 !1 tradition reg>d+1 #age1 #agf4 ,assemblies ( ,greece1 !1 #cfi4 ,assyrian hi/ory1 corroboration (1 #bhi4 ,assyrian my?ology1 #ahb2 deities (1 #ahc2 ,il or ,ra1 #ahe2 ,l',abbe ,ga9et on1 #ahg2 ,ana1 #ahg2 ,bil or ,enu1 #aij2 ,hea or ,hoa1 #aid2 ,nebo1 #bjf4 ,a/]opoeus1 #beb4 ,a/ral religion1 #afc4 ,a/ronomical cycle ( ,*9a1 #fa4 ,a!ns1 ! ,hydrophoria at1 #bdd4 ,atlantis1 !1 ( ,plato an embodim5t ( tradition1 #cfg4 ,auto*?ones1 or e>?-born1 #aca4 ,avocations ( primitive life--hunt]1 husb&man1 & %eph]d1 #cc4 ,babylonian *ronology1 #eg1 #eh2 ,hales on1 #eg4 ,bac*us1 connection (1 ) ,saturnalia1 #bad2 r$uplications (1 #bae1 #baf4 ,baldr1 ! leg5d (1 localis$ & individualis$1 #aga2 9 ! ,sc&9avian ,edda1 #agb2 p>allel$ ) an acc\nt ( ! ,fall1 #agb4 ,ballad1 ,wel%1 quot$1 #bec4 ,basis ( int]national law1 #aa4 ,basis ( !ory ( ,gold5 ,age1 #cbc4 ,baskets ( wat]1 !1 p>allel acc\nts ( by ,burton & ,catl91 #bef4 ,ba/ian1 ,m4,a41 on human progress1 #ge4 ,ba?1 ! ,m>quis (1 #djh4 ,bel ,nipru or ,nimrod1 #aia4 ,bellig]5t ,rights1 #cgf1 #cgg4 ,belus1 ! god1 #acc2 id5tity ( ) ,nimrod1 #aei4 ,b5?am1 on ,int]national ,law1 #c1 #e2 8 peculi> crot*et1 utility1 #f2 on public op9ion1 #g2 ! greate/ happ9ess pr9ciple1 #ac2 criticism on ,black/one's views ( primitive life1 #ed4 ,b5?amism te/$ by ,d>w9ism1 #ag4 ,b]osus' acc\nt ( ,hoa1 #cbg4 ,b]tr&1 ,m41 leg5d conc]n+ ! man-bull1 #bjc4 ,bhilsa ,tope1 !1 #beb4 ,bifrons1 a "n appli$ to sev]al gods1 #bbj4 ,big battalions1 #dab1 #dac4 ,big canoe1 !1 p>allel acc\nts (1 by ,burton & ,catl91 #bee2 correspond5ce ( to ! canopi$ boat ( ,egyptians1 #bgc4 ,bil or ,enu1 a ,*aldan deity1 #aij4 ,blackness ( complexion1 ! result ( ! curse ( ,canaan1 #gi2 associat$ ) evil1 #gi2 traditions reg>d+1 #ha1 #hb2 a m>k ( inf]iority1 #hd2 h[ us$ by satiri/s1 #he2 op]ation z a curse1 #hi1 #ij4 ,black/one on primitive life & a /ate ( nature1 #ed4 ,boat1 philology ( ! ^w1 #aif4 ,bo*ica1 #cbe4 ,bolabola1 decl>ation ( w> at1 #chh1 #chi4 ,bonzies1 !1 #bgj4 ,book ( ,g5esis1 !1 #abj4 ,book ( ,so?is1 #ie4 ,b\ga9ville on div9ities ( ! ,tahitians1 #cae4 ,b\lang]1 ,m41 quot$1 #aah2 on diluvian tradition1 #bdb1 #bdc1 #bdg1 #bfb2 on ! ,gold5 ,age1 #cbh1 #cbi4 ,brace1 ,mr1 8 ,e?nology1 quot$1 #bg1 #cg1 #bfg4 ,brea* ( etiquette1 a1 consequ5ces (1 #djc2 ! o/5sible pretext ( ,franco-,g]man w>1 #djd4 ,brigham ,"y & ! ,mormons1 #ah4 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal on explosive bullets1 #djj4 ,bronze ,age1 !1 #bic1 #ccd1 #cce2 its comm5cem5t1 #ccf4 ,bryant1 ,mr ,j41 xi42 on creation ( man1 #acc1 #acf2 on ! symbol ( ! bull1 #bjc2 on ,dionusus1 #bae2 on ,noah & ,janus1 #bai2 8 d]ivation ( ,juno & ,v5us1 #cib2 on ! dove1 #cie4 ,buddhi/ leg5d1 #acf4 ,buffaloes1 ,fea/ ( !1 #bfj4 ,bull-dance1 !1 #bed2 p>allel acc\nts (1 by ,burton & ,catl91 #bed4 ,buns51 ,b>on1 #cg2 on ,*9ese & ,egyptian *ronology1 #eh-fb1 #gc2 on ,egyptian *ronicles1 #id-if2 on tradition ( creation1 #acb2 on ! ,kabiri1 #aih2 on ,arya1 #cce4 ,burial cu/oms among ,m&ans & ,=mosans1 #bfh4 ,burial1 mode (1 common to sev]al savage nations1 #cjh4 ,burton1 ,capt4 ,ri*>d1 on ,feti%1 #hj2 on ,dahome cu/oms1 #bej2 ! bull-dance1 #bed2 ! big canoe1 #bee2 ! baskets ( wat]1 #bef2 ! g\rds or calaba%es1 #beg2 ! ag$ :ite man1 #beh1 #bei2 cu/oms at ,:ydat1 #bfb4 ,burton1 ,j4 ,hill1 #c4 ,cadmus & alphabetic writ+1 #bba4 ,caduceatores1 !1 #cij4 ,ca91 tradition 9 ,tonga connect$ )1 #hb4 ,calmet on ,sem1 or ,%em1 #bjg2 on ,saturn1 #baj4 ,canaan4 ,see ,*anaan4 ,canada1 ,col4 ,macdonell's s]vice 91 xxiii41 xxiv4 ,canaanite race1 ! correspond5ce betwe5 & aborig9al tribes 9 ,india1 #ci1 #dh2 lit]al fulfilm5t ( prophecy reg>d+1 #dj1 #da1 #hc1 #he4 ,canopi$ boat1 !1 ( ! ,egyptians1 #bgc4 ,c>v]1 ,mr1 on ,indian w>s1 #bh2 ! ,indian mode ( decl>ation ( w>1 #cii1 #dja2 ,indian flags ( truce1 #dje4 ,ca%mir1 tradition ( ,deluge 91 #fh2 commemorative fe/ival 91 #fi4 ,ca?olicism & ,*ri/ianity1 id5tity (1 #aac4 ,catl91 ,mr ,g41 on traditions ( ,creation among ! ,indians1 #acd1 #ach2 ( ,deluge1 #bbc2 ! ,o-kee-pa1 #bde2 ! big canoe1 #bee2 ! baskets ( wat]1 #bef2 ! g\rds or calaba%es us$ by ! ,indians1 #beg2 ! fir/ man1 #beh1 #bei2 ! evil _s1 #bfj2 wat] c]emonies1 #bfb2 on ! pheasant1 #bff2 description ( a :ale a%ore at ,vanc\v]'s ,isl&1 #cag2 on ! cranial developm5t ( ! ,fla!ad & ,cr[ ,indians1 #cah4 ,cav]ley's ,!ocritus quot$1 #bag4 ,c5tre ( tradition1 !1 #cci4 ,c]emony at ,gorbio1 #cjg4 ,*alda1 e>ly inhabitants (1 #ahd4 ,*aldan ,pan!on1 deities ( !1 #ahc4 ,*aldan sy/em ( *ronology1 #eg2 religion1 #afc4 ,*ampagny1 ,m4 ,f4 de1 #djd1 #dji4 ,*anaan1 or ,canaan1 ! curse (1 #gi2 tradition ( ?is curse among ! ,si\x ,indians1 #ha2 9 ,tonga1 #hb4 ,*&ordy1 ,c\nt1 #dje4 ,*aos 9 ! ,pho5ician cosmogony1 #agd2 ! comm5cem5t ( all ?+s1 #agd-agg4 ,*ateaugay1 xxviii4 ,*9a1 c]ta9 & unc]ta9 hi/ory (1 #eh1 #ei2 a/ronomical cycle (1 #fa2 aborig9al tribes1 #acc2 belief 91 z to creation ( man1 #acd4 ,*9ese *ronology1 #eh-fe2 confusion 91 #fe4 ,*9ese tradition ( fir/ & second heav51 #cbh4 ,*9-nong1 #bdj4 ,*ippeways & ,nat*ez tribes1 in/itution ( p]petual fire among1 #cbj4 ,*octaw ,indians1 tradition reg>d+ creation ( man1 #acd4 ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 ! f\ndation (1 #adb4 ,*ronicles ( ,egypt1 #ic4 ,*ronology1 ,egyptian1 ,palm] on1 #ib-ajd2 ! ,so?ic cycle1 #if-ajj2 v>i\s sy/ems (1 #aja4 ,*ronology1 f ! po9t ( view ( sci5ce1 #gb2 ,buns5's views1 #gc2 ,lyell's1 #gc2 ,sir ,john ,lubbock's1 #gc-ge2 ,hales on1 #he4 ,*ronology1 f ! po9t ( view ( tradition1 #ee2 hi/orical te/imony & evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ,scriptural1 #ee2 ,indian1 #ef2 ,babylonian1 #eg2 ,hales1 ,rev4 ,w41 on1 #eg2 ,*9ese1 #eh-fe4 ,*ronos1 ,saturn z1 #bah4 ,cic]o1 on ,int]national ,law1 #aj2 ,de ,legibus quot$1 #cfh2 ! ,(fices1 #cge4 ,civilisation1 a /ate (1 ! primitive condition ( man1 #bhd4 ,civilisation1 pr9ciples & tea*+ (1 #cci4 ,civilisation1 progress ( man to1 #cbi1 #cca4 ,cognation & agnation among ! ,romans1 #ceg1 #ceh4 ,co9cid5ces ( ! ,bible ) ,san*onia?on1 #acj4 ,col]idge1 ,h4 ,n41 on oral transmission ( tradition1 #abb4 ,col]idge1 ,rev4 ,h5ry ,j41 #bbd2 on conflict+ elem5ts ( hea!nism1 #cdd4 ,college1 ! ,fecial1 #cgc4 ,col\r 9 man1 p]si/5cy (1 #gg4 ,col\r$ clo? & fea!rs1 emblematic ( peace & w>1 #chh-cib1 #cih4 ,commemorative ,fe/ivals4 ,see ,fe/ivals1 ,commemorative4 ,comity ( nations1 re/riction ( ! #cgi4 ,communal m>riage1 #ea1 #eb4 ,commune1 !1 #aaj4 ,communi/ic s*emes1 #aji4 ,comte & ! ,comti/s1 #aab4 ,conflict+ elem5ts ( hea!nism1 #cdd4 ,confusion ( tongues1 ,hesiod on !1 #ccd4 ,confusion ( tradition ( ,eno* ) ,xisu?rus & ,noah1 #cbf4 ,consci5ce1 ,mr ,d>w9 on1 #b1 #ab2 its subjective exi/5ce1 #ab2 outw>d expression1 #ac4 ,con/itu5t ,assembly1 !1 ( #aghi1 ,montalemb]t on1 #aac4 ,cook1 ,capt41 on cu/oms at ,huahe9e1 #bga1 #bgb2 quot$1 #bih2 on decl>ation ( w> at ,bolabola1 #chh1 #chi4 ,copan1 ! peaceable p (1 #bi4 ,cosmogony1 ,roman ideas ( !1 #bc4 ,cosmopolitic ,areopagus1 a1 #chc4 ,cox1 ,rev4 ,g4 ,w41 xiv42 on my?ology1 #aeh1 #afe1 #afh2 on my?s ( ,v5us & ,adonis1 #cif1 #cig4 ,cranial developm5t ( ,fla!ad & ,cr[ ,indians1 #cah4 ,creation ( man1 tradition ( among ,r$ ,indians1 #acc2 ,max ,mll] on1 #acc4 ,creation1 !1 ,mexican tradition (1 #aeb1 #aec2 ,slavonian acc\nt (1 #aed4 ,creoles1 ! p]si/5cy ( col\r 91 #gg4 ,cunn+ham1 ,major1 ! ,bhilsa ,tope1 #beb4 ,curse ( ,canaan1 !1 #gi2 traditions (1 #ha-he1 #bag4 ,cu/oms ( ! ,samoides1 #bh2 at ,huahe9e1 #bga4 ,cycle1 a/ronomical1 ( ,*9a1 #fa2 ! ,so?ic1 #if1 #ih-ajj4 ,dagon1 ! god ( ! ,phili/9es1 #bjj2 ! ,fi%-man1 #bai2 ,mr ,lay>d on1 #bch4 ,dahome1 ! ,s-s9 cu/oms (1 #bej1 #bea1 #bed-bfb2 prec$5ce ( wom5 91 #bei4 ,danc+ an ,indian c]emonial1 #cjb1 #cjc4 ,d',anselme1 ,vicomte1 on philology ( ,noah & boat1 #aif4 ,d>kness1 associat$ ) ! ,s]p5t1 #agc2 ! p>5t ( light1 #agd-agg4 ,d>w9ism1 ,b5?amism te/$ by1 #ag4 ,d>w9 on ,consci5ce1 #b1 #ab2 & ! utilit>ians1 #ae-ag4 ,davies1 ,rev4 ,e41 xi41 #bec4 ,day & night1 us$ z symbols1 #hd4 ,decl>ation ( w>1 !1 #chf2 accompani$ by religi\s =malities1 #chf1 #chg2 me?od (1 at ,bolabola1 #chh1 #chi2 at ,/ ,julian1 #chi2 symbols us$ at1 #chi-cib2 ,plut>* on1 #cig2 tradition>y modes (1 #cih-djj2 importance atta*$ to =ms (1 #djb2 consequ5ces ( ! violation ( =ms (1 #djf-daa4 ,deities ( ! ,*aldan ,pan!on1 #ahc4 ,de ,legibus quot$1 #aj1 #acc4 ,de ,qu9cey1 quot$1 #chc4 ,deluge ( ,deucalion1 !1 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bbi4 ,deluge ( ,ogyges1 !1 #bbi2 ant]ior to t ( ,deucalion1 #bcj2 its date1 #bca4 ,deluge1 !--traditions (1 localis$ 9 ,*9a1 #fe-fg2 commemorative monum5t (1 #fg2 traditions (1 9 ,egypt1 #fg2 9 ,ca%mir1 #fh2 among ,si\x ,indians1 #ha2 among ,t>t> tribes1 #ace2 ,l',abb ,ga9et on1 #acg2 ,phrygian leg5d (1 #aic2 ,pho5ician leg5d (1 localis$1 #aih2 ,santal leg5d (1 #aii2 ,etruscan monum5t commemorative (1 #bjd2 connection ( ,saturn )1 #baj-bab2 ( ,ogyges & ,deucalion1 #bbb2 traditions (1 among ,indian tribes1 #bbc2 ,sanscrit /ory (1 #bbd2 its date1 #bca2 traditions (1 among ,greeks1 #bcj-bce2 ,fr$]ick ,s*legel on1 #bcc1 #bcd2 traditions (1 9 ,africa & ,am]ica1 #bdb2 ,b\lang] on1 #bdb1 #bdc2 commemorative fe/ivals (1 #bdc-bdf1 #beb-bfb1 #bge-bhb2 ! dove & ra9b[ (1 #cic1 #cif4 ,see also ,noah4 ,democracy 9 ,am]ica1 ,tocqueville's1 #h4 ,demonolatry1 #adf4 ,de ,r]um ,natura quot$1 #ccd4 ,deucalion1 #bbb2 ,mr ,grote on traditions (1 #bbd1 #bbe2 ,max ,mll] on leg5d (1 #bbf2 ,mr ,k5rick on1 #bcj-bcb1 #bda2 connect$ ) ,hydrophoria at ,a!ns1 #bdd4 ,devil1 !1 belief 9 among savages #cjb4 ,devil-wor%ip1 #ada4 ,diana1 ! temple (1 #cfd4 ,diffusion ( ,hamitic races1 #da4 ,dike & dikaspoloi1 #cdg4 ,diluvian tradition4 ,see ,noah1 ,deluge4 ,diluvian traditions 9 ,africa & ,am]ica1 #bdb-bhb4 ,see ,deluge4 ,fe/ivals 7commemorative74 ,diog5es ,la]tius' s*eme ( *ronology1 #aja4 ,dionusus1 id5tifi$ ) ,noah1 #bae2 ! fir/ k+ ( ,india1 #bbj1 #bba4 ,dionysia1 #bdi4 ,discov]y ( ,am]ica1 !1 a pro( ( tradition1 #cbd4 ,disp]sion1 !1 #cbi1 #ccf2 rise ( gov]nm5t "u1 #cdb4 ,disraeli1 ,mr1 on sceptical effects ( discov]ies ( sci5ce1 xvi41 xvii4 ,di/ribution ( races1 #hi4 ,div]g5ce betwe5 religion & philosophy1 #ajh4 ,div9ities ( ! ,tahitians1 #cae4 ,div9ity atta*+ to =ms1 #djb1 #djc4 ,dixon1 ,hepwor?1 8 conv]sation ) ,brigham ,"y1 #ah2 8 views ( human progress1 #cb4 ,don\ghmore1 ,e>l (1 #djh4 ,dove1 ! bird ( ,v5us1 #cib2 traditions (1 #cid-cif4 ,duc de ,grammont1 !1 #djd4 ,dyaks & ,javanese1 contra/ 9 col\r1 #ha4 ,dyans1 #agj4 ,dy]1 ,dr1 on ! ,sab9es1 #ceb2 ! temple ( ,diana1 #cfd4 ,dyna/ies ( ,egypt1 #ig1 #ih1 #ajb1 #ajc4 ,dyna/y ( ! ,popes1 #cha1 #chb4 ,ea/]n ,isl&]s1 tradition among !1 #bjj4 ,egg1 ! mundane1 tradition (1 #cjf2 an emblem ( ! ,creation1 #cjg2 ! ,mahab>ata acc\nt (1 #cjh4 ,egypt1 *ronology (1 #ib2 its ,*ronicles1 #ic2 dyna/ies (1 #ig2 commemorative fe/ival ( ! ,deluge 91 #bdi4 ,egyptian *ronology1 ,palm] on1 #ib-ajd4 ,egyptians1 !1 canopi$ boat (1 #bgc2 ,jewi% rites & c]emonies borr[$ f1 #bgd4 ,ellis's ,polynesian ,rese>*es quot$1 #bfe2 on ,tahitian relics1 #cab4 ,endogamy1 #de-dg1 #ej4 ,engli% sociali/s1 #aaj4 ,eno*1 result ( 8 disappe>ance reg>d+ ,nimrod1 #afj2 embodi$ traditionally 9 ,*aldan gods ,ana & ,enu1 #aib4 ,enu or ,bil1 a ,*aldan deity1 #aij2 a r$uplication ( ,eno*1 #aib4 ,epime!us 7aft]?\ght7 & ,prome!us 7=e?\ght71 #ahj4 ,epo*s ( prehi/oric ar*ology1 #bhg1 #bhh4 ,equality ( ! sexes1 #aji4 ,erato/h5es1 #ie2 s*eme ( *ronology (1 #ajc4 ,eros & ,iris1 #cid4 ,es*ylus1 ! ,supplicants quot$1 #cih4 ,esquimaux1 !1 #caa4 ,e?nological difficulties1 #hi-ia4 ,etruscan monum5t commemorative ( ! ,deluge1 #bjd4 ,etymologies--( man1 #acd1 #bbg1 #bbh2 ,noah1 #aif2 boat1 #aif2 riv]1 #bec2 horse1 #bec1 #bee2 pl\gh1 #bee2 names ( metals1 #bij2 fire1 #cba2 pl\gh1 #cce4 ,euridike & ,orpheus1 #agc4 ,european league1 a g5]al1 #cha1 #chb4 ,european radicalism1 #aaj4 ,eusebius' te/imony to value ( tradition1 #abj4 ,evil associat$ ) blackness1 #gi4 ,evil ,_s1 !1 9 ,m&an c]emonies1 #bfj4 ,excursion1 !1 ( ,wordswor? quot$1 #ade4 ,exogamy1 #de-dg4 ,falcon]'s ,palontological ,mem41 #aci4 ,fall1 !1 ,l5ormant on1 #abh4 ,family1 !1 #bf2 t5d5cy to disp]sion (1 #bg2 gradual consolidation & expansion into tribes & !n to /ates1 #cj1 #ca2 ! unit ( anci5t society1 #cci4 ,family tradition1 confusion (1 #aaf4 ,fatimala1 !1 #dj4 ,fea/ ( ! ,buffaloes1 !1 #bfj4 ,fea!rs1 col\r$1 emblematic ( peace & w>1 #chi-cib4 ,fecial ,college1 !1 #cgc2 correspond5ce (1 ) ,h]ald's ,college1 #cgd4 ,f$]al union betwe5 ,romans & ,lat9s1 #cee4 ,feegees1 !1 religion among1 #cja2 _! *>act]i/ics & civilisation1 #cac4 ,f]gusson1 ,adam1 on ! ,six ,nations1 #cfe4 ,fe/ivals1 commemorative1 ( ! ,deluge1 #ff2 9 ,ca%mir1 #fi2 among v>i\s nations1 #bdc2 ! ,hydrophoria at ,a!ns1 #bdd2 ! ,o-kee-pa1 #bde2 ! ,pana!na1 #bdh2 ! ,dionysia1 #bdi2 9 ,egypt1 #bdi2 among ! ,m&an ,indians1 #bej2 ! ,s-s9 cu/oms ( ,dahome1 #bej1 #bea2 at ,san*i1 #beb2 ! ,bull-dance1 #bed2 ! big canoe1 #bee2 ! baskets ( wat]1 #bef2 ! g\rds & calaba%es1 #beg2 ! fir/ man1 #beh1 #bei2 among ! ,santals1 #bfb2 among ! ,japanese1 #bfh1 #bfi2 at ,huahe9e1 #bga2 among ! ,egyptians1 #bgc2 among ! ,patagonians1 #bge-bgi2 ,pongol ,fe/ival ( ,s\!rn ,india comp>$ ) ,m&an & ,dahoman c]emonies1 #bge-bhb4 ,see ,deluge4 ,feti%1 #hj4 ,feuds & w>s1 orig9 (1 #bg-bi4 ,fire1 unkn[n to v>i\s anci5t nations1 #abh1 #abi2 k ( among savages1 #cah-cbj2 ,polynesian etymology ( ! ^w1 #cba4 ,fir/ man1 !1 9 ,m&an c]emonies1 #beh1 #bei1 #bfc4 ,fi%-god1 !1 ( ,b]osus1 #bjb4 ,fi%1 hi/ory ( !1 #aig4 ,flag1 ! :ite1 a symbol ( peace1 #cia4 ,flags ( truce1 ,c>v] & ,c\nt ,*&ordy p>allelis$1 #dje4 ,fla!ad & ,cr[ ,indians1 ! heads (1 #cah4 ,fl9t1 use (1 among anci5t nations1 #big4 ,fohi ! great1 #fc2 id5tifi$ ) ,adam1 #fd1 #bcb4 ,=mation ( ,/ates1 #cdb1 #cdc4 ,=mosans1 burial cu/oms among !1 #bfh4 ,f\ndation ( law ( nations1 #dab4 ,f\ndation ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 !1 #adb4 ,f\ndation ( ,roman law1 #ceb-cfj4 ,f\r ,races1 !1 or ,kiprat-,arbat1 #ahd4 ,france aga9/ ,au/ria1 consequ5ces ( ! w> (1 #djg-dji4 ,franco-,g]man w>1 !1 its o/5sible pretext1 #djd2 its abnormal "*1 #djd2 orig9 ( trac$ to ,congress ( #ahef1 #djf4 ,fresquet1 ,de1 on decl>ation ( w>1 #chf1 #chg4 ,fuegians1 religion among !1 #cjc1 #cjd2 ! l[e/ race ( savages1 #cac4 ,fulfilm5t ( prophecy reg>d+ ,*anaan1 #dj1 #da4 ,ga9et1 ,l',abb1 on diluvian tradition1 #acg2 on my?ology1 #aei2 on ,*aldan mono!ism1 #ahg2 translation ( ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,fi%1 #aig2 on ,deucalion1 #bbh2 on ,m&an traditions1 #bgb4 ,g5esis1 ! ,book (1 #abj2 relation ( traditions to1 #abg1 #abh1 #acj4 ,geological speculations1 #bcc4 ,ge/a ,romanorum1 tale f !1 #agi4 ,gibbon1 on ! use ( lett]s1 #abj2 8 ,decl9e & ,fall1 quot$1 #abj1 #cfa4 ,glad/one1 ,w4 ,e41 8 ,juv5tus ,mundi1 #aad2 on ! my?ology ( ,hom]1 #afb2 on tradition1 #ahb1 #ahc2 on imp]sonation ( good & evil1 #caj2 ! key to ! ,hom]ic sy/em1 #ccb2 ! progress ( ,greek morality1 #cdi2 ! ,hom]ic age1 #cge4 ,gno/ic sect1 a curi\s1 #aed4 ,goguet1 ,m41 on orig9 ( laws1 #aba2 human progress1 #abh2 k9%ip1 #abi2 ,janus1 #bai4 ,gold5 ,age1 !1 & ,noah1 #cbc2 basis ( ! !ory1 #cbc2 its comm5cem5t1 #cbc2 "u ,saturn1 #cbe2 tradition (1 #cbh2 ,b\lang] on1 #cbh1 #cbi2 ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e on1 #cea4 ,gorbio1 curi\s c]emony at1 #cjg4 ,g\ld1 ,mr ,b>+1 xvi42 on ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,religi\s ,belief1 #adj2 summ>y ( 8 views1 #ada2 8 views oppos$ to tradition1 #adb2 p>tial recognition ( ! value ( revelation1 #adg2 on mono!ism1 #aej2 on ! ,samoy$ sup]/itions1 #aee4 ,g\rds & calaba%es1 !1 us$ 9 ,dahoman & ,m&an fe/ivals1 #beg4 ,govat1 ,*>les ,e41 8 description ( ! ,pongol fe/ivals1 #bge-bhb4 ,gov]nm5ts1 rise (1 aft] ,disp]sion1 #cdb4 ,gradual progress ( religion among primitive peoples1 #adc1 #add1 #adh1 #aed4 ,great ,h>e or ,rabbit1 tradition ( !1 #aeb1 #aec4 ,greate/ happ9ess pr9ciple1 !1 #ac1 #af4 ,grecian my?ology1 #afd-agj4 ,grecian traditions ( ! ,deluge1 #bcj-bce4 ,greek & ,lat9 ,leagues1 #cfg4 ,gre5wood's1 ,col4 ,g41 ,ra9 & ,riv]s1 quot$1 #bcc1 #bcd4 ,grote1 ,mr1 #cj1 #db2 on importance ( my?s1 #aag2 on ,deucalion1 #bbd4 ,grotesque belief ( ! ,h9doos z to support ( ! ,e>?1 #ach4 ,guan*es1 religion ( !1 #cje4 ,gu9ea1 religi\s fe/ival 91 #cjc4 ,gu9n>d1 ,m41 8 n>rative ( ,patagonian c]emonies1 #bge-bgi4 ,hales1 ,rev4 ,w41 on *ronology1 #eg1 #he1 #ij4 ,ham1 id5tifi$ ) ,hoang-ti1 #fd2 prosp]ity (1 #he2 tradition ( 8 blackness ( complexion1 #hf2 ,sir ,j4 ,g4 ,wilk9son on1 #hf2 ,bac*us id5tifi$ )1 #bae4 ,hamitic races1 diffusion ( !1 #da2 apo/asy (1 #afj4 ,hea or ,hoa1 a ,*aldan deity1 #aid2 ! inv5tor ( cunei=m writ+1 #aie4 ,hea!nism1 conflict+ elem5ts (1 #cdd4 ,heav5s1 ,fir/ & ,second1 ,*9ese tradition (1 #cbh4 ,helps1 ,mr1 on wor%ip ( ,p]uvians1 #cjd2 8 traditions ( ,p]u comp>$ ) classical & ori5tal traditions1 #cbe-cbg4 ,h]cules or ,h]akles1 suppos$ id5tity ) ,adam1 #db2 confusion ( traditions reg>d+1 #aeh1 #ahj4 ,h]odotus quot$1 #cc1 #fh4 ,h]o-wor%ip an e>ly =m ( idolatry1 #afj1 #afa2 among ! ,*aldans a s\rce ( deification1 #ahh1 #aij1 #aia4 ,hesiod & ! ,iron ,age1 #abi2 on ! confusion ( tongues1 #ccd4 ,hetairism1 #ec4 ,het]og5eity1 #df4 ,hi]oglyphic ( ! ,dove1 #cie4 ,h9doo laws ( w>1 #djj4 ,h9doos1 curi\s belief z to ! _w's support1 #ach4 ,hi/oricus 79 ,times7 on ,int]national law1 #chd4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,fi%1 #aig4 ,hi/ory ( ,we/]n civilisation1 ,dr ,newman on1 #cch-cdj4 ,hoa or ,hea1 #aid4 ,hoa1 acc\nt (1 by ,b]osus1 #cbg4 ,hoang-ti1 #fj1 #fc2 id5tifi$ ) ,%em or ,ham1 #fd2 ) ,noah1 #fe4 ,home & ,=eign ,review on ,bellig]5t ,rights at ,sea1 #cgf1 #cgg4 ,hom]ic ,age1 !1 #cge4 ,hom]'s ,iliad quot$1 #cdg4 ,hook]1 ,dr1 on ! beliefs ( ! ,lep*as1 #cje2 on ! ,khasias1 #cjf2 on ! conduct ( w>1 #djj4 ,horrors ( w>1 limitations to1 #djj4 ,horse1 etymology ( ! ^w1 #bec1 #bee4 ,h\ac\v\1 director ( evil spirits1 ,patagonian fe/ival 9 hon\r (1 #bgg4 ,huahe9e1 cu/oms at1 #bga4 ,human race1 tradition ( !1 #aje-aec4 ,human society f\nd$ ^u a contract1 #ba4 ,hunt]1 ,mr1 on ,indian traditions1 #bi2 on primitive life 9 ,india1 #cd1 #cf2 on ,aryan col\r1 #hd2 on ,santal cu/oms1 #bdg1 #bfb4 ,hus5be?1 ,v ,rev4 ,dr1 xv4 ,huxley's def9ition ( ,positivism1 #aac4 ,hydrophoria1 !1 at ,a!ns1 #bdd4 ,hyksos or ,%eph]ds1 dyna/y (1 #ajb4 ,id5tification ( ,noah ) ,saturn1 #cbe4 ,id5tity ( ,*ri/ianity & ,ca?olicism1 #aac4 ,il or ,ra1 ! ,*aldan deity1 #ahc2 acc\nt (1 by ,rawl9son1 #ahe4 ,iliad1 !1 quot$1 #cdg4 ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news on ,japanese religi\s fe/ivals1 #bfh2 on c]emony at ,gorbio1 #cjg4 ,imp]sonation ( good & evil1 ,mr ,glad/one on1 #caj4 ,indian c]emonials1 ,wa%+ton ,irv+ on1 #cjb4 ,indian *ronology1 #ef4 ,indian mode ( decl>ation ( w>1 #cii1 #dja4 ,indian tribes1 close resemblance ( "o to ano!r1 #gg4 ,indian w>s1 _! causes1 #bh1 #bi4 ,indians1 ,r$1 tradition reg>d+ creation ( man1 #acc2 ( ! e>?1 by ,mi*abo1 #aeb1 #aec2 ordeals & tortures1 #bdg4 ,indians1 traditions among ,mozca1 #gj4 ,indo-,g]manic races id5tifi$ ) desc5dants ( ,japhe?1 #db4 ,influ5ce ( ,/oics on ,roman law1 #cgb4 ,inh]itance ?r\gh females1 #eb4 ,int]fusion ( ance/ral & sol> wor%ip1 #bje4 ,int]national ,law1 ! ,tablet on1 #c2 ,b5?am on1 #c1 #e1 #f2 its orig9 & gr[?1 #d2 an unwritt5 law1 #d2 ,de ,tocqueville on1 #h2 ,pall ,mall ,gazette on1 #i1 #aa2 ,cic]o on1 #aj2 an organis$ con/ra9t1 #aj2 analogy ) law ( hon\r1 #aa2 orig9al idea at its basis1 #aa2 relation to utilit>ianism1 #ad1 #ae2 ! jus feciale1 #cgc2 ,hi/oricus on1 #chd4 ,int]national ,society1 !1 #aaj4 ,inv5tion ( writ+1 #abc4 ,inv5tiv5ess ( savage races1 ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock on1 #caj4 ,ionian f$]ation1 !1 #cfd4 ,iris & ,eros1 #cid4 ,iron ,age1 !1 #abi4 ,iroquois1 traditions reg>d+ creation ( man1 #ace4 ,irv+1 ,wa%+ton1 on ,indian c]emonials1 #cjb4 ,jacob1 #aea4 ,james1 ,w41 xxiii4 ,janus1 #bag2 d]ivation ( ,janu>y1 #bah2 a d\ble-head$ god1 #bai1 #bbj2 id5tifi$ ) ,noah1 #cbf4 ,japan1 commemorative fe/ival ( ! ,deluge 91 #bfh1 #bfi4 ,japanese leg5d ( ! bull & ! egg1 #beg4 ,japetus1 id5tity ( ) ,japhe?1 #dc4 ,japhe?1 fulfilm5t ( prophecy reg>d+ ! race (1 #da2 _! prosp]ity1 #da2 id5tity ) ,indo-,g]manic races1 #db4 ,javan1 son ( ,japhe?1 id5tifi$ ) ,yavana1 #dc4 ,javanese & ,dyaks1 contra/ 9 col\r1 #ha4 ,j5k9s1 ,capta91 xxvii4 ,jewi% mono!ism1 #adi4 ,jewi% rites & c]emonies borr[$ f ,egyptians1 #bgb-bgd4 ,juno & ,v5us1 d]ivation ( names (1 #cib4 ,jus ,feciale1 !1 #cgc4 ,jus ,g5tium1 !1 #cea1 #cec1 #cgc4 ,kabiri1 !1 #aig2 ,buns5 on1 #aih4 ,kant's s*eme ( a univ]sal society1 #chc4 ,k5rick1 ,mr1 on ,manu1 #bbh2 ! tradition ( ,deucalion1 #bcj-bcb4 ,khasias1 !1 sup]/itions ( !1 #cjf4 ,k+1 ,capta91 quot$1 #bfe2 on ,s&wi* ,isl&]s1 #cae4 ,k9%ip ?r\gh females1 #df1 #dg1 #ea2 ,goguet on1 #abi4 ,kiprat-,arbat1 !1 or ,f\r ,races1 #ahd4 ,klapro?1 on ,sanscrit hi/ory1 #fh2 on ! curse ( ,canaan1 #hc4 ,kronos1 or ,noah1 #acf4 ,lacordaire1 ,l',abb1 #d2 on tradition1 #aje-ajg4 ,la]tius'1 ,diog5es1 s*eme ( *ronology1 #aja4 ,lame*1 ! /ory (1 embodi$ 9 v>i\s traditions1 #agh1 #agi4 ,lapl& tradition1 a1 #bif4 ,la/ ,rambles1 !1 ( ,catl91 quot$1 #acd4 ,lat9 ,league1 !1 #cee4 ,law connect$ ) religion1 #cfh4 ,law1 ,int]national4 ,see ,int]national ,law4 ,law ( hon\r1 !1 #aa4 ,law ( ,nations1 !1 an unwritt5 law1 #d2 ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e on !1 #cch2 common to all nations1 #cde2 te/imony to 9 ! ,manx ,?+1 #cdg2 anci5t codes (1 #cej2 ! jus g5tium1 #cea2 orig9 ( ! phrase1 #ceb1 #cec2 ! ,amphictyonic ,c\ncil1 #cfa2 prim>y objects (1 #cfg2 common s\rce1 #cga2 discuss$ on ! basis ( usage1 #cgh2 ! lex legum ( mank9d1 #che2 a mod]n transgression (1 #dje2 ! seizure ( ,papal ,/ates a flagrant violation (1 #djg-dji2 adaptability (1 #daj2 f\ndation (1 #dab4 ,see ,int]national ,law4 ,law ( ,nature1 !1 #bj2 "q :e!r !re is or is n a1 #bj2 diff]5t solutions ( ?is "q1 #bj2 ,sir ,g4 ,c4 ,lewis on1 #bb2 ,sir ,h4 ,ma9e on1 #bb1 #be2 :at ! ,roman meant by x1 #bc2 among ! anci5ts1 #bc2 a social compact1 #bc1 #bd2 tradition (1 #cej2 orig9 ( ! phrase1 #ceb1 #cec4 ,law1 unwritt51 #cfi2 ,ozanam on1 #cgj1 #cga4 ,laws1 ! fir/1 ( all nations1 #aba4 ,lay>d1 ,mr1 on ! man-fi%1 #bch4 ,league ( ! ,t5 ,k+s1 #cfg4 ,leg5d ( ! tortoise1 #ach1 #aci2 ( ,mi*abo1 #aeb1 #aec2 ( ! bull & ! egg1 #beg4 ,leg5ds ( ,o,edipus & ,p]seus1 #agh4 ,legi/s ( diff]5t nationalities1 _! agreem5t acc\nt$ =1 #che4 ,l5ormant1 on ,noe1 #hh2 on ! ,fall1 #abh4 ,lep*as1 !1 curi\s leg5d (1 #bbd2 religion among !1 #cje1 #cjg4 ,lett]s1 ! use (1 a di/9ction betwe5 a civilis$ & savage p1 #abj4 ,levitical wor%ip1 ! c]emonial borr[$ f ,egypt1 #bgb1 #bgc4 ,lewis1 ,sir ,g4 ,c1 on ,law ( ,nature1 #bb1 #bd1 #chj4 ,light & d>kness1 z symbols1 #hd4 ,limitations to horrors ( w>1 #djj4 ,local tradition1 p]si/5cy (1 #aag4 ,l[] ,egypt1 dyna/ies (1 #ajc4 ,l[e/ races ( savages1 !1 #cac4 ,lubbock1 ,sir ,john1 on primitive m>riage1 #ea2 on ! antiquity ( man1 #ia2 on wat]-wor%ip1 #beb2 on tradition1 #bhc2 8 !ory oppos$ to t ( ,de ,mai/re1 #bhg2 division ( pre-hi/oric ar*ology1 #bhg1bhh2 untru/wor?9ess ( tradition = evid5ce ( hi/ory1 #bid2 on religion among savage races1 #bii1 #cjj1 #cjh2 8 suppositions reg>d+ inv5tiv5ess ( savage races1 #caj-cad2 views support$ by ,duke ( ,argyll1 #cad2 description ( a :ale a%ore 9 ,au/ralia1 #caf2 on ! k ( fire1 #cah-cba4 ,lucas1 ,mr ,edw>d1 xv4 ,lucretius' ,de ,r]um ,natura quot$1 #ccd4 ,lyell1 ,sir ,c41 xiii42 on human progress1 #gc1 #abc4 ,macaulay1 ,"l1 on ,b5?amism1 #ac1 #ae2 ! dyna/y ( ! ,popes1 #cha1 #chb4 ,macdonell1 ,col4 ,george1 xii42 memoir (1 xix42 p>5tage1 xx42 an admir] ( ! ,/u>ts1 xxi42 results ( a lett] to ! ,w> ,secret>y1 xxii42 raises a regim5t ( ,macdonells1 xxiii42 s]vice 9 ,canada1 xxiv42 ! tak+ ( ,ogd5sburg1 xxv4-xxix4 ,m',l5nan1 ,mr1 on primitive m>riage1 #dd2 on m>riage cu/oms1 #dg1 #abe4 ,macrobius1 on ,janus ,bifrons1 #bah4 ,ma9e1 ,sir ,h5ry1 xv42 on ! law ( nature1 #bb1 #be2 on ! law ( nations1 #cch2 ! unit ( anci5t society1 #cda2 notions ( primitive antiquity1 #cdc2 on anci5t codes1 #cej2 ! jus g5tium1 #cea2 orig9 ( "n ( law ( nations1 ( nature1 c41 #ceb1 #cec2 ! f\ndation ( ,roman law1 #ceg1 #ceh2 8 di/9ction betwe5 jus g5tium & jus feciale1 #cgc4 ,mai/re1 ,c\nt ,joseph de1 8 !ory reg>d+ ! e>ly races ( man1 #gh2 8 view ( tradition1 #bhc-bhf2 on ! pontifical p[]1 #cha4 ,malays1 traditions among !1 #acf4 ,mal?us1 ,mr1 !ories reg>d+ ov]-population1 #ag4 ,man1 ,max ,mll] on d]ivation ( ! ^w1 #acd2 its etymology1 #bbg1 #bbh4 ,man & ! monkey1 traditions connect+ !1 #acf4 ,man-bull1 !1 traditions (1 #bjc4 ,manco-,capac1 #bdj2 ! lawgiv] ( ,p]u1 #cbe2 id5tity ( ) ,quetzalcohuatl1 #cbf4 ,m&an ,indians1 traditions among !1 #acd1 #ach2 tradition ( ! ,deluge1 #aia2 commemorative fe/ivals among1 #bej1 #bed-bfb2 ! ,evil ,_s (1 #bjj2 s\rce & orig9 (1 #bfc-bff2 mode ( burial (1 #bfh2 art ( =tify+ _! t[ns1 #cad4 ,mane?o1 #id2 sy/em ( *ronology (1 #ie1 #if4 ,man-fi%1 ,mr ,lay>d on !1 #bch4 ,mann+1 ,dr4 ,see ,we/m9/]4 ,mann+1 ,w4 ,oke1 #ad1 #chd4 ,man's progress1 f a savage to a civilis$ /ate1 #cb2 exceptional cases ( ! ,arab & ,iroquois1 #cc2 ,lyell's views (1 #gc2 ,lubbock's views1 #gc1 #ge2 ,ba/ian's views1 #ge4 ,manx ,?+1 !1 #cdg4 ,m>itime ,alps1 local c]emony 9 !1 #cjg4 ,m>riage1 primitive1 #dd1 #abe2 cu/oms1 #dg2 communal1 #ea1 #eb4 ,maup]tuis'1 ,m41 acc\nt ( a ,lapl& tradition1 #bif4 ,meaco1 c]emony 9 ! temple (1 at ,japan1 #bfi4 ,mean+ ( ! ^w ,adam1 #acd4 ,melia1 ,v ,rev4 ,dr ,p41 xv4 ,memoir ( ,colonel ,macdonell1 xix-xxix4 ,memphis1 #fg4 ,m5es1 ! fir/ k+ ( ,egypt1 #fg2 e>ly leg5d reg>d+1 #aib2 ! fir/ :o put laws 9 writ+1 #bie4 ,m5u1 ,ord9ances (1 #dj1 #di4 ,metallic weapons ( anci5t races1 #bij1 #bic4 ,metallurgy ( ! anci5ts1 ,mr ,vaux on !1 #bib4 ,mexico1 ! ,/ates (1 #cff4 ,mexicans1 traditions among !1 reg>d+ creation ( man1 #acc2 ( ! e>?1 #aec4 ,mi*abo1 ! leg5d (1 among ! ,am]ican ,indians1 #aeb1 #aec4 ,mill1 ,mr ,j4 ,s41 quot$1 #cb2 on ! /atus ( wom51 #aji4 ,mi/letoe1 ! leg5d ( !1 #agb1 #agf4 ,miv>t1 ,mr ,/ ,george1 xv4 ,modes ( settlem5t into communities1 #ca4 ,monkey & man1 traditions connect+ !1 #acf4 ,monogamy1 #abd4 ,mono!ism1 ,jewi%1 #adi2 ,semitic1 #agj2 ,*aldan1 #ahg4 ,mosaic law1 orig9 (1 #cei4 ,montagu1 ,"l ,rob]t1 ,m4,p41 xvi4 ,montalemb]t1 ,de la1 #d1 #aac2 on results ( ,congress ( ,p>is1 9 #ahef1 #djf4 ,montesquieu1 #chd1 #che4 ,montfauon on ,bac*us1 #bae2 ! decl>ation ( w>1 #chg4 ,mormons1 !1 #ah4 ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ,p5tateu*1 evid5ce (1 #cei4 ,mozca ,indians1 !1 #gj2 tradition ( ,bo*ica among1 #cbe4 ,mll]1 ,mr ,max1 on ,aryan dialects1 #cf2 on ,comp>ative ,philology1 #aaf2 on d]ivation ( ! ^w man1 #acd1 #bbh2 nature-wor%ip1 #adc2 my?ology1 #afe1 #afg-agj2 on leg5d ( ,deucalion1 #bbf2 ,comp>ative ,philology quot$1 #cic4 ,mundane egg1 !1 #cjf1 #cjg4 ,myrmidon1 #bdj4 ,my/]i\s orig9 ( aborig9al races1 #ce4 ,my?ological tradition among ! ,ea/]n ,isl&]s1 #bjj4 ,my?ology1 #aeg2 s\rce & orig9 (1 #aei-afd2 sol>1 #aff2 ,rev4 ,g4 ,w4 ,cox on1 #afh2 ,max ,mll] on1 #afg-agj2 complications & confusion 91 #aga-aha2 ,assyrian1 see ,assyrian my?ology4 ,my?s connect+ man ) ! monkey1 #acf4 ,my?s1 _! importance1 #aag4 ,nat*ez tribes1 in/itution ( p]petual fire among1 #cbj4 ,nations1 law (4 ,see ,int]national ,law1 ,law ( ,nations4 ,natural "r1 #e4 ,nature1 law (4 ,see ,law ( ,nature4 ,nature-wor%ip1 #adc1 #afc1 #agc4 ,naz>ians1 !1 a curi\s ,gno/ic sect1 #aed4 ,nebo1 a ,*aldan deity1 #bjf2 resemblance (1 to ,%em1 #bjg4 ,necessities ( ! pa/oral life1 #bg4 ,negro1 !1 p]si/5cy ( col\r 91 #gg2 subs]vi5cy (1 #hj4 ,n]1 soss1 & s>1 ,*aldan p]iods ( "t1 #eg4 ,n]gal id5tifi$ ) ,m>s1 #afd4 ,newman1 ,dr1 #caj1 #cbc2 on hi/ory ( ,we/]n civilisation1 #cch-cdj4 ,new ,zeal&]s1 curi\s tradition among1 #aci2 _! deg5]ation & retrogression1 #cba1 #cbb4 ,nicolas1 ,mon4 ,a41 #ajg4 ,niebhr1 quot$1 #cfd4 ,nillson1 ,pr(essor1 on ! ,/one ,age1 #bij1 #bib2 quot$1 #big4 ,nimrod1 a p[]ful *iefta91 #hh2 9 ! ,*aldan my?ology1 #aeh2 id5tity ) ,belus1 #aei2 8 apo!osis conf\nd$ ) ,eno*'s disappe>ance1 #afj4 ,n9 or ,n9ip1 ! true fi%-god1 #bjj2 id5tification ) ,noah1 #bjb2 emblem (1 9 ,assyria1 #bjc2 note ( ,rawl9son on1 #bje4 ,noah 7or ,noe71 id5tifi$ ) ,%9-nong1 #fd1 #bcb2 ) ,oannes1 #aci2 confusion ( traditions reg>d+1 #aeh2 traditions (1 among ! ,*aldans1 #ahc2 philology ( ! "n1 #aif2 w>like epi!ts appli$ to1 #bjb2 correspond5ce ( ,n9 to1 #bjb2 ,nebo a c\nt]p>t (1 #bjf2 id5tifications ( 7) ,xisu?rus7 #bjh1 7) ,saturn7 #baj-bab1 7) ,bac*us7 #bae1 7) ,janus7 #bag1 #cbf1 7) ,ogyges & ,deucalion7 #bbb2 ! deposit>y ( tradition & *annel ( law1 #bcf2 summ>y ( evid5ce reg>d+ traditional id5tifications1 #bcf-bda2 & ! ,gold5 ,age1 #cbc2 pro(s ( id5tity ) ,saturn1 #cbe2 associations ( dove & ra9b[ )1 #cic1 #cif4 ,see also ,deluge1 ,fe/ivals1 commemorative4 ,nomadic life1 #bg4 ,norm&y1 ! ,m>quis (1 #djh4 ,notions ( primitive antiquity1 #cdc4 ,num1 ! deity ( ,samoides1 #aee4 ,oannes1 ! my/]i\s fi%1 #aii2 ! god ( sci5ce & k1 #bja4 ,oceanus1 ,saturn id5tifi$ z1 #bag4 ,o,edipus1 leg5d (1 #agh2 id5tifi$ ) ,lame*1 #agh2 corruption ( ! leg5d 9 ! ,ge/a ,romanorum1 #agi4 ,(fices1 !1 ( ,cic]o quot$1 #cgc4 ,ogd5sburg1 ! tak+ (1 xxvii4 ,ogi]1 ,m4 ,pegot1 on ! wor%ip ( ! ,guan*es1 #cje4 ,ogilby's ,japan1 quot$1 #bfh1 #bfi4 ,ogyges & ,deucalion1 traditional connection (1 ) ,deluge1 #bbb4 ,o-kee-pa1 !1 a religi\s c]emony ( ,m&ans1 #bde1 #bdf4 ,old ,*ronicle ( ,egypt1 !1 #ic2 analysis (1 #ig4 ,opis*es*aht ,indians1 c]emonies among !1 #bfh4 ,oracula ,sybill9a1 !1 quot$1 #ahh1 #aie1 #bcf1 #bcg4 ,oral transmission ( tradition1 #aba1 #abb2 ,h4 ,n4 ,col]idge on1 #abb4 ,orbis t]r>um1 !1 #cch1 #cci2 nucleus (1 #cdd4 ,ordeals among ! ,indians1 #bdg4 ,ord9ances ( ,m5u1 #dj1 #di4 ,ori5tal religions1 ,c>d9al ,wiseman on !1 #aed4 ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ,religi\s ,belief1 ,mr ,b>+ ,g\ld on1 #adj-aec4 ,orig9 & gr[? ( ,int]national law1 #d4 ,orig9 ( ,laws1 ,goguet's1 quot$1 #abh4 ,orig9 ( ,mosaic law1 #cei4 ,orpheus & ,euridike1 #agc4 ,orv> ,odd's saga1 #bif1 #big4 ,osiris1 ! judge ( ! s\l1 #ahi1 #bdj4 ,ov]-population1 ,mal?us' views reg>d+1 #ag4 ,ox ,temple ( ,meaco1 c]emony 9 !1 #bfi4 ,ozanam1 on ,laws1 #cgj1 #cga4 ,pa*acamac1 ! ,p]uvian deity1 #ahf1 #cjd1 #cje4 ,pagan view ( ! social compact1 #bc4 ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 !1 on ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( consci5ce1 #b1 #ab2 on laws1 #i1 #aa2 on utilit>ianism1 #ad1 #ah2 on ,european radicalism1 #aaj2 on ! cu/om ( ! ,manx ,?+1 #cdg4 ,palm]1 ,mr ,william1 on ,egyptian *ronology1 #ib-ajd1 #aei2 on ,osiris1 #ahi4 ,pana!na1 !1 #bdh4 ,pan!on1 !1 ( ! ,egyptians1 #aei2 ( ! ,*aldans1 #afc4 ,papacy1 !1 head ( a g5]al ,european league1 #cha1 #chb4 ,papal ,/ates1 seizure ( !1 #djg-dji4 ,p>allel$ traditions1 #bed-bfb2 cu/oms1 #bfh2 fe/ivals1 #bge-bhb1 #cbe-cbg4 ,p>lem5taires1 #dje4 ,pa/oral life1 necessities (1 #bg4 ,pa/oret's ,hi/ory1 quot$1 on ,amphictyonic ,c\ncil1 #cfc1 #cfd1 #cfi4 ,patagonians1 religi\s fe/ivals among !1 #bge-bgi4 ,peace & w>1 symbols (1 #chh-cib4 ,peacock1 !1 symbol ( ! ra9b[1 #chh-cib4 ,pelasgians1 !1 #cfa4 ,pelasgus1 #bdj4 ,p5tateu*1 ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,smi?'s "w on1 quot$1 #bgb1 #bgc1 #cei4 ,p5!us1 ! fate (1 #bag4 ,peopl+ ( ,am]ican ,cont95t1 h[ accompli%$1 #bfc-bff4 ,p]si/5cy ( col\r 9 ,african races & o!rs1 #gg4 ,p]seus1 leg5d (1 #agh4 ,p]sians1 anci5t tradition ( !1 #abh4 ,p]u1 ! deity (1 #ahf4 ,p]uvians1 wor%ip ( !1 #cjd2 ,g>cilasso de la ,vega on1 #cje4 ,pheasant1 !1 relation (1 to ! ,m&ans1 #bff4 ,philology1 comp>ative1 #aaf4 ,philosophy alone is n religion1 #ade4 ,pho5ician tradition ( ,deluge1 #baa2 cosmogonies1 #acb1 #aei4 ,phoroneus1 ! fa!r ( mank9d1 #ij1 #bci4 ,phrygian leg5d ( ! ,deluge1 #aic4 ,p9k]ton's acc\nt ( religion ( ! ,samoides1 #aee4 ,plato1 tradition ( condition ( families record$ by1 #cj1 #ccb2 8 ,atlantis1 an embodim5t ( tradition1 #cfg4 ,pl\gh1 etymology ( ! ^w1 #bee1 #cce4 ,plumtre's s*ylus1 #cij4 ,plut>*'s ,numa1 quot$1 #cig4 ,poly&ry1 regulat$ & rude1 #dh1 #di4 ,polygamy1 #abe4 ,polynesian ,rese>*es1 quot$1 #bfe4 ,poly!ism & mono!ism1 #adi-aea4 ,pongol fe/ival ( ,s\!rn ,india1 #bge-bhb4 ,pontifical p[]1 !1 #cha4 ,poole1 ,mr1 #gf4 ,pope1 !1 c5tre ( a ,european league1 #chb4 ,pope's ,odyssey quot$1 #chi4 ,poseidon1 #bdj4 ,positivism1 ,huxley's def9ition (1 #aac4 ,po/]ity ( ,ham1 !1 #hg1 #hh4 ,prec$5ce ( wom5 9 ,dahome1 #bei4 ,pott]y1 ! art (1 an evid5ce ( progress1 #gc1 #caa4 ,pre-hi/oric ,ar*ology divid$ into f\r epo*s1 #bhg1 #bhh4 ,pray] & ,puni%m5t1 express$ by same ^w by ,lat9s1 #bhf4 ,prescott's ,hi/ory ( ,mexico quot$1 #cji1 #cff4 ,prevo/1 ,sir ,g41 xxv41 xxvi4 ,prim>y objects ( ,law ( ,nations1 #cfg4 ,primitive condition ( mank9d1 traditions reg>d+1 f ,san*onia?on1 #abf1 #bhd4 ,primitive life1 #bf2 ! family1 #bf2 society & gov]nm5t1 #bf2 necessities ( pa/oral1 #bg2 orig9 ( feuds & w>s1 #bg-bi2 t5d5cy to disp]sion1 #bg2 gradual consolidation1 #cj1 #ca2 ,mr ,j4 ,s4 ,mill on1 #cb2 progress f a savage to a civilis$ /ate1 #cb2 ! ,arab & ,iroquois exceptional in/ances1 #cc2 di/9ctive avocations ( hunt]1 husb&man1 & %eph]d1 #cc2 9 ,india1 ,mr ,hunt] on1 #cd1 #cf2 exogam\s tribes1 #df2 poly&r\s families1 #dh2 m>riage1 #di-ea2 views ( ,black/one on1 #ed4 ,primitive m>riage1 ,mr ,m',l5nan's !ory (1 #dd2 ,sir ,john ,lubbock on1 #ea4 ,primitive races1 #dc4 ,prophecy ( ,/ ,mala*y1 #chj4 ,progress ( man to civilisation1 #cbi1 #cca4 ,prome!us1 suppos$ id5tity ) ,adam1 #db2 confusion ( traditions reg>d+1 #aeh1 #ahj4 ,promiscuity1 #dg1 #abe4 ,pu-an-ku1 ! primeval man1 #fc4 ,public op9ion1 #f1 #g4 ,purification & puni%m5t1 association (1 #bhf4 ,py?agoras1 #bcc4 ,quapaws1 tradition ( !1 #bi4 ,quetzalcohuatl1 id5tity ( ) ,manco ,capac1 #cbf4 ,qu9cey1 ,de1 #acf2 on ,kant's s*eme ( a univ]sal society1 #chc4 ,rabbit1 ! ,great1 tradition (1 #aeb1 #aec4 ,races1 primitive1 #dc4 ,radicalism1 ,european1 #aaj4 ,radi51 ! deity ( ,sc&9avian my?ology1 #ahf4 ,ra9 & ,riv]s1 !1 ( ,col4 ,g4 ,gre5wood1 quot$1 #bcc1 #bcd4 ,ra9b[1 ! symbol ( peace1 #cib2 tradition ( !1 #cic-cie4 ,ra or ,il1 ! ,*aldan deity1 #ahc2 acc\nt (1 by ,rawl9son1 #ahe4 ,ravana1 #ej4 ,rawl9son1 ,pr(essor1 xvi41 #be1 #cj2 on ,babylonian *ronology1 #eg1 #eh2 on good & evil p]sonifications1 #hc2 id5tification ( ,n]gal ) ,m>s1 #afd2 on deities ( ,*aldan ,pan!on1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #aij1 #aid2 on ,n9 or ,n9ip1 #bje2 on ,noah1 #bci2 corroboration ( ,assyrian hi/ory1 #bhi2 ! use ( metals1 #bic4 ,r$uplication & confusion ( deities1 #aij4 ,r$uplications--( ,yao & ,hoang-ti1 #fe2 ( ,eno*1 #aib2 ( ,bac*us1 #bae1 #baf4 ,relics ( ,scriptural tradition 9 ,greece1 #ahb4 ,religion & philosophy1 div]g5ce betwe51 #ajh4 ,religion ( ! 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,temple ( ,neptune1 #cfh4 ,sacrificial weapons1 #bic4 ,/ ,julian1 sc5e at1 #chi4 ,/ ,mala*y1 anci5t prophecy (1 #chj4 ,salub]ry1 ,g5]al ,de1 xxvii4 ,samoans1 !1 #cac4 ,samoides1 cu/oms ( !1 #bh2 _! religion1 #aee1 #aef4 ,samoy$ traditions ( ,creation1 #aed1 #aee4 ,san*i1 commemorative fe/ival ( ,deluge at1 #beb4 ,san*onia?on1 traditions f1 #abf2 relation (1 to ,g5esis1 #abg1 #abh1 #acj2 on diluvian tradition1 #baa4 ,s&wi* ,isl&]s1 religion among !1 #cae4 ,sanscrit lit]ature1 #ef2 etymology ( ! ^w pl\gh1 #cce4 ,sanscrit /ory ( ! ,deluge1 #bbd4 ,santals1 !1 #ce2 /ruggle ) ! ,aryans = ! ma/]y1 #cf2 traditions (1 #bbc2 cu/oms (1 #bfb4 ,satiri/s1 use ( blackness ( complexion by1 #he4 ,saturday ,review1 !1 on ,mr ,glad/one's ,juv5tus ,mundi1 #aad2 on ,indian traditions1 #bbh4 ,saturnalia1 !1 #bad4 ,saturn1 id5tifi$ z ,n91 #bja2 traditional connection (1 ) ,deluge1 #baj-bab2 ref]5ce to z ,oceanus1 #bag2 ! inv5tor ( agriculture1 #cbe4 ,savage belief 9 ! devil1 #cjb4 ,savage races1 ve/iges ( religion among1 #bii1 #cjj4 ,sc&9avian ,edda1 /ory ( ,baldr91 #agb2 quot$1 #age4 ,sc&9avian my?ology1 ! deity (1 #ahf4 ,sceptical effect ( discov]ies 9 sci5ce1 xvi41 xvii4 ,s*eme ( a univ]sal society1 ,kant's1 #chc4 ,s*emes1 communi/ic1 #aaj4 ,s*legel on tradition1 #abd2 on ,*aldan my?ology1 #ahh2 on ,indian traditions1 #aii2 on diluvian tradition1 #bcc1 #bcd4 ,scriptural *ronology1 hi/orical te/imony & evid5ce 9 fav\r (1 #ee4 ,scriptural tradition1 relics ( 9 ,greece1 #ahb4 ,scripture & tradition1 #aai4 ,scy?ians1 !1 #cc4 ,seebohm1 ,mr ,f41 xv4 ,semitic mono!ism1 #agj4 ,s]p5t1 !1 associat$ ) d>kness1 #agc4 ,s]vitude 9 m>riage1 ! law (1 #aji4 ,se?ites & ,ca9ites1 #ahh4 ,%ak]gal1 ! fea/ ( roses 9 ,ca%mir1 #fi4 ,%em1 resemblance ( ,nebo to1 #bjg4 ,%eph]ds1 dyna/y ( !1 #ajb4 ,%9-nong1 ! div9e husb&man1 #fc2 id5tifi$ ) ,noah1 #fd1 #bcb4 ,sie?as1 !1 wor%ipp$ by ! ,lapps1 #aee4 ,si\x ,indians1 tradition among !1 reg>d+ blackness ( complexion1 #ha2 ( creation ( man1 #acd4 ,six ,nations1 tribes ( !1 #cfe4 ,slavonian acc\nt ( ! ,creation1 #aed4 ,smi?1 ,rev4 ,dr1 on ! ,p5tateu*1 #bgb1 #bgc2 orig9 ( ,mosaic law1 #cei4 ,social compact1 !1 ,pagan view (1 #bc4 ,sociali/s1 ,engli%1 #aaj4 ,society & gov]nm5t1 elem5t>y con/itu5t (1 #bf4 ,society1 human1 f\nd$ ^u a contract1 #ba4 ,sol> & ance/ral wor%ip1 int]fusion (1 #bje4 ,sol> my?ology1 #aff1 #agb4 ,s-s91 !1 commemorative fe/ival 9 ,dahome1 #bej1 #bed4 ,soss1 s>1 & n]1 ,*aldean p]iods ( "t1 #eg4 ,so?ic cycle1 !1 #if1 #ih-ajj4 ,so?is1 ,book (1 #ie4 ,s\!rn ,india1 ,pongol fe/ival (1 #bge-bhb4 ,spani% ,conque/ ( ,am]ica1 !1 ( ,helps1 quot$1 #cjd1 #cbe-cbg4 ,spectator1 !1 on ! ,roman ,*ur*1 #aaj4 ,sp5c]1 ,dr1 #bgd4 ,/ate ( nature1 a1 #cca-ccc4 ,/ates1 =mation (1 #cdb-cdc4 ,/eph5s' ,c5tral ,am]ica quot$1 #bi4 ,/ev5s1 ,mr ,e4 ,t41 #bfi1 #bif4 ,/oics1 !1 _! influ5ce on ,roman law1 #cgb4 ,/one ,age1 !1 unt5able hypo!sis (1 #bhi2 ,pr(essor ,nillson on1 #bij1 #bib1 #big2 evid5ce 9 fav\r (1 #bif1 #big2 mode ( burial 91 #cjh1 #cji4 ,/ripes ( col\r$ clo?1 emblematic1 #chh4 ,/ruggle = exi/5ce1 !1 #af4 ,subjective exi/5ce ( consci5ce1 #ab4 ,sudra1 !1 #dj4 ,sun-wor%ip1 #aed-aef1 #afc4 ,sup]/itions ( ! ,khasias1 #cjf4 ,supplicants1 !1 ( s*ylus quot$1 #aca4 ,symbols ( peace & w>1 #chh-cib4 ,syncellus1 #id1 #ie1 #ig2 quot$1 #aii4 ,tablet1 ,!1 quot$1 #b2 on ,arbitration in/ead ( ,w>1 #chj2 on position ( ! ,papacy1 #chb4 ,tahitians1 !1 tools (1 #bij2 religion & civilisation (1 #cad1 #cae4 ,tamanacs1 tradition ( !1 #bbi4 ,tangaloa1 ! ,tonga god1 #hb4 ,t>t> tribes1 tradition ( ,deluge among1 #ace4 ,tasman's ,voyage ( ,discov]y quot$1 #bih1 #bii4 ,tasmanians1 k ( fire among !1 #cai4 ,taurus1 #bjd4 ,taylor1 ,rev4 ,ri*>d1 on ! ,new ,zeal&]s1 #cba1 #cbb4 ,temple ( ,diana1 !1 #cfd4 ,temple ( ,neptune1 sacrifices 9 !1 #cfh4 ,t5d5cy ( tradition to unc]ta9ty & di/ortion1 #aae1 #aaf2 to r$uplication1 #bji4 ,t5 ,k+s1 ,league ( !1 #cfg4 ,!mis & ,!mi/es1 #cdf1 #cdh1 #cdi4 ,?ree /ages ( progress ) man1 #cb4 ,times1 ,!1 quot$1 #bde1 #chj2 on ,franco-,g]man w>1 #djc4 ,tlascala1 ! republic (1 #cff1 #cfg4 ,tlascopan1 ! k+dom (1 #cff4 ,tocqueville1 ,de1 on int]national law1 #h4 ,tohil1 ! fire-god1 #cai4 ,tonga1 tradition 91 reg>d+ blackness ( complexion1 #hb4 ,tongusy1 ! religion ( !1 #aef4 ,tonp9ambas1 !1 ( ,brazil1 #cja4 ,topan1 ! idol1 #bfi4 ,tortoise1 curi\s belief reg>d+ !1 #ach1 #aci4 ,tortures among ! ,indians1 #bdg4 ,totems & ,totemism1 #abe4 ,tradition--among ,mozca ,indians1 #gj2 ( ! human race1 #aje2 ,pre ,lacordaire on1 #aje-ajg2 common orig9 (1 #ajh2 antagonism ( religion to1 #aji2 t5d5cy (1 to unc]ta9ty & di/ortion1 #aae1 #aaf2 confusion ( family tradition1 #aaf2 p]si/5cy ( local1 #aag2 unity ( ,scripture )1 #aai2 ,duke ( ,argyll on1 #abj2 te/imony ( ,eusebius to value (1 #abj2 oral transmission1 ! ma9 *annel (1 #abb2 ,s*legel on1 #abd2 ,san*onia?on on1 #abf2 concordance & div]g5ce 91 #acj2 tru? & p]si/5ce (1 #aca2 ( ! creation ( man1 #aca-acg2 intellectual /rictures ^u1 #aci2 opposition ( ,b>+ ,g\ld's views1 #adb2 relics ( scriptural1 9 ,greece1 #ahb2 ( ! man-bull1 #bjc2 ( ! ,deluge among ,am]ican ,indians1 #bbc2 among ,santals & ,lep*as1 #bbd2 ! ,saturday ,review on ,indian1 #bbh2 ,sir ,john ,lubbock on1 #bhc2 ,de ,mai/re's view1 #bhc-bhf2 untru/wor?9ess & unc]ta9ty (1 accord+ to ,lubbock1 #bid2 a ,lapl&1 #bif2 capacity ( savages = transmission (1 #big-bii2 evid5ces (1 9 religion ( savage nations1 #cja-cjf2 ( ! mundane egg1 #cjf-cjh2 ( fire1 #cai1 #cbj2 ! discov]y ( ,am]ica a pro( (1 #cbd2 ( ,bo*ica among ,mozca ,indians1 #cbe2 ,p]uvian1 comp>$ ) classical & ori5tal1 #cbe-cbg2 transfusion & int]mixture (1 #cbg1 #cbh2 ( ,gold5 ,age1 #cbh2 ( fir/ & second heav5s among ,*9ese1 #cbh2 ( age ( primitive equality1 #ccb2 co9cid5ce ( sci5ce )1 #ccd2 ! c5tre (1 #cci2 pres]vation (1 "u patri>*al gov]nm5ts1 #cdc2 ( a law common to all nations1 #cde2 ( a law ( nature1 #cej2 ! 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basis ( 8 juridical sy/em1 #ab4 ,vaivaswata1 #aig4 ,valdegamas1 ,m>quis de1 #aab4 ,vanc\v]'s ,isl&1 sc5e on1 #cag4 ,vaux1 ,mr1 on metallurgy ( ! anci5ts1 #bib4 ,vega1 ,g>cilasso de la1 on ,p]uvian religion1 #cje4 ,v5us1 #cif2 my?s (1 #cif1 #cig4 ,ve/iges ( religion among savage races1 #bii1 #cjj4 ,vigne1 ,mr ,g4 ,g41 #fd1 #fi4 ,violation ( treaties1 !1 #dji1 #daj4 ,virgil1 l9es (1 on ,saturn1 #acg2 8 neid quot$1 #baa2 ! ,eclogues1 #cbg4 ,virtue & vice p]sonifi$ z :ite & black 9 ! ,z5dave/a1 #hc4 ,voltaire1 ! intellect (1 #aac4 ,voltairean prejudices aga9/ primitive records1 #be4 ,vul1 ! son ( ,ana1 #aic4 ,wallace1 ,mr1 #ha2 on man1 #ia4 ,wallis1 ,capta91 #bia1 #chi4 ,wallis1 ,mr ,j4 ,e41 #b4 ,w> & peace1 symbols (1 #chh-cib4 ,w>1 ! ,decl>ation (1 #chf4 ,see ,decl>ation ( ,w>4 ,w>burton1 ,e41 on oral transmission ( pa/ ev5ts among ! ,indians1 #aba4 ,w>+1 ,mr ,j4 ,b41 #cjh4 ,w>like epi!ts appli$ to ,noah1 #bjb4 ,wat]1 etymology ( ! ^w1 #bec4 ,weapons ( metal among anci5t races1 #bij1 #bic4 ,weld1 ,rev4 ,a41 xiv4 ,weld1 ,f4 ,a41 ,gov]nor ( ,we/]n ,au/ralia1 #big4 ,wel% ballad quot$1 #bec4 ,we/m9/]1 ,ar*bi%op (1 xv4 ,:ale a%ore1 a1 contra/$ descriptions (1 by ,catl9 & ,sir ,john ,lubbock1 #caf1 #cag4 ,:ately1 ,ar*bi%op1 #bhc4 ,:ite & black p]sonifications ( vice & virtue 9 ! 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( nations1 #cca4 ,wordswor?'s ,excursion quot$1 #ade4 ,wom51 _! /atus1 #aji2 prec$5ce (1 9 ,dahome1 #bei4 ,wor%ip1 mode (1 among ! ,p]uvians1 #cjd4 ,wor%ip ( ance/ors1 #afa1 #bje4 ,writ+1 its inv5tion1 #abc2 cunei=m1 #aie2 ,greece indebt$ to ,cadmus =1 #bba4 ,xisu?rus1 attempt$ id5tification ( ) ,noah1 #bjh4 ,yao or ,yu1 #fe2 erection ( monum5t by1 commemorative ( ! ,deluge1 #fg4 ,yavana id5tifi$ ) ,javan1 son ( ,japhe?1 #dc4 ,yokohama1 religi\s fe/ivals at1 #bfh4 ,z5dave/a1 !1 #hc4 ,zeus1 #afi-aga4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,ballantyne ,,& ,,company ,,ed9burgh ,,& ,,london ,,burns1 ,,oates ,,co4',s ,,li/4 ,n>ratives ( ,rem>kable ,conv]sions2 conta9+ ,mrs4 ,seton1 ,h]mann ,coh51 ,david ,ri*>d1 ,alphonse ,ratisbonne1 ,comte ,laf]ronays1 c4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,tales ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,fcp41 clo?1 #cs4 ,?is int]e/+ volume conta9s eight ,hi/orical ,tales1 illu/rat+ ! ,fai? & ,h]oism ( ,cl]gy & ,laity 9 ^? tr\bl$ times4 ,*ri/ian ,s*ools & ,s*ol>s4 ,by ! ,au?or ( ! ,?ree ,*ancellors1 ,knights ( ,/4 ,john1 c4 ,two vols4 #hvo1 #cjs42 ca%1 #bes4 ,?is important & int]e/+ "w %\ld be 9 e libr>y4 ,life ( ,/4 ,ignatius4 ,by ,fa!r ,,b>toli1 ,s4,j4 #b vols4 #ads4 ,life ( ,bless$ ,*>les ,sp9ola1 ,s4,j4 ,by ,fa!r ,,brocka]t1 ,s4,j4 #fs4 ,! ,pa? :i* l$ a ,prote/ant ,lawy] to ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,by ,p4 ,h4 ,,burnett4 #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4 ,balmez' ,fundam5tal ,philosophy4 ,by ,,br[nson4 #b vols4 #afs4 ,iri% ,homes & ,iri% ,he>ts4 ,by ,,fanny ,,taylor1 ,au?or ( ,ea/]n ,hospitals1 ,tyborne1 c4 ,h&some clo?1 #fs4 ,,works ,,by ,,fa!rs ,,( ,,! ,,society ,,( ,,jesus4 ,reply to ,dr4 ,pusey's ,eir5icon4 ,by ,rev4 ,fa!r ,,h>p]4 #hvo1 #aes4 ,vita ,vit no/ri1 ,m$itantibus proposita4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,j4 ,,col]idge4 ,clo?1 #gs4 #f;d42 calf1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,life ( ,bless$ ,m>g>et ,m>y ,alacoque4 ,by ,rev4 ,g4 ,,tickell4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,s]mons1 ,"p ,i4 ,by ,fa!rs ,,col]idge & ,,ha?away4 #bs4--,"p ,,ii4 ,by ,fa!rs ,,gallwey & ,,p>k9son4 #bs4--,"p ,,iii4 ,by ,fa!rs ,,p>k9son1 ,,col]idge1 & ,,h>p]4 #bs4 ,ditto1 ! ,?ree ,p>ts 9 ,"o4 ,clo?1 #fs4 ,union ) ,rome4 ,by ,fa!r ,,*ri/ie4 #as4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,patrick4 ,by ,fa!r ,,wat]wor?4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,papacy & ,s*ism4 ,by ,fa!r ,,bottalla4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,infallibility ( ! ,pope4 ,by ! same4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,reply to ,r5\f on ,pope ,honorius4 ,by ! same4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! ,life & ,lett]s ( ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]4 ,! n>rative & arrangem5t by ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,j4 ,,col]idge4 7,prep>+47 ,a',kempis4 ,! foll[+ ( ,*ri/1 9 f\r books2 a new translation1 beautifully pr9t$ 9 royal #afmo1 ) bord]s r\nd ea* page1 & illu/rative engrav+s aft] designs by ! be/ ,g]man arti/s4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 calf1 #fs4 #f;d42 morocco1 #hs42 gilt1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,ditto1 antique morocco1 ) clasp1 & beautifully illu/rat$ ) num]\s engrav+s1 #bes4 ,vesp] ,book = ! ,laity4 ,?is volume conta9s ! ,(fice ( ,vesp]s 7includ+ ,compl9e & ,b5$iction71 complete = ! fir/ "t = e day 9 ! ye>1 ) ! ,new ,(fices & ,supplem5ts4 ,roan1 gilt edges1 #cs4 #f;d42 calf1 #es4 #f;d42 morocco1 #fs4 #f;d42 gilt1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,! same1 9 ?9 vellum1 half an in* ?ick1 same prices4 ,lives ( ! ,roman ,pontiffs4 #d vols4 #dto1 9 half antique calf1 #dj beautiful /eel engrav+s1 #dl4 #ds42 clo?1 #bl4 #ahs4 ,butl]'s ,lives ( ! ,sa9ts4 #d vols4 #dto1 be/ edition1 calf1 #cl4 #ajs4 ,imitation ( ! ,sacr$ ,he>t4 ,by ,fa!r ,,arnold1 ,s4,j4 ,calf1 #hs42 morocco1 #is42 ditto1 ) flaps1 #abs42 illu/rat$ ) num]\s engrav+s1 antique morocco1 gilt1 ) clasp1 #bes4 ,new ,m$itations = e ,day 9 ! ,ye>4 ,by a ,fa!r ( ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,new & revis$ edition4 #b vols4 calf1 #afs42 morocco1 #ags4 ,rodriguez' ,*ri/ian ,p]fection4 #b vols4 calf1 #abs42 morocco1 #ads4 ,manresa2 or ,spiritual ,ex]cises ( ,/4 ,ignatius4 ,calf1 #fs4 #f;d42 morocco1 #gs4 #f;d42 ditto1 gilt1 #hs4 #f;d4 ,practical ,piety4 ,/4 ,,francis ( ,sales4 ,calf1 #fs42 morocco1 #gs42 ditto1 gilt1 #hs4 ,lyra ,liturgica4 ,calf1 #gs4 #f;d42 morocco1 #is42 ditto1 gilt1 #ajs4 ,spiritual ,combat4 #afmo1 calf1 #fs42 morocco1 #gs42 ditto1 gilt1 #hs4 ,=mul>ium ,sac]dotale2 conta9+ ! ,=m ( erect+ ! ,via ,crucis2 ,bless+ ( ,scapul>s1 ,ros>ies1 c42 ,ritual ( ,admission into ! ,?ird ,ord]s2 & o!r =ms useful to ! ,cl]gy4 ,edit$ by ,rev4 ,j4 ,,morris4 ,clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,full]ton's1 ,lady ,g41 ,life ( ,/4 ,frances ( ,rome4 #bs42 *eap edition1 #as4 #h;d4--,laur5tia1 a ,tale ( ,japan4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,liguori 7,/4 ,alphonso74 ,new & improv$ ,translation ( ! ,complete ,works ( ,/4 ,alphonso1 edit$ by ,fa!r ,c(f93 ,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,virtues1 & ! means = obta9+ !m4 ,clo? elegant1 #ds4--,or1 sep>ately3 7#a47 ,! ,love ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 #as4 #d;d4 7#b47 ,treatise on ,pray]1 #as4 #d;d4 7,9 ! ord9>y editions a great "p ( ?is "w is omitt$47 7#c47 ,a ,*ri/ian's ,rule ( ,life1 #as4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,! ,my/]ies ( ! ,fai?--! ,inc>nation2 conta9+ ,m$itations & ,devotions on ! ,bir? & ,infancy ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 etc42 suit$ = ,adv5t & ,*ri/mas4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,*eap edition1 #bs4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,! ,my/]ies ( ! ,fai?--! ,bless$ ,sacram5t4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,*eap edition1 #bs4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,et]nal ,tru?s--,prep>ation = ,dea?4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,*eap edition1 #bs4 ,vol4 ,v4 ,treatises on ! ,passion4 ,conta9+1 ,jesus ha? lov$ u1 etc4 #cs4 ,*eap edition1 #bs4 ,/4 ,liguori's ,,jesus ,,ha? ,,lov$ ,,u1 sep>ately1 new & correct edition1 #i;d4 clo?4 ,visits to ! ,b4 ,sacram5t & to ! ,b4 ,v4 ,m>y4 ,an entirely new translation by ! ,r$emptori/ ,fa!rs4 #as4 clo?2 b\nd1 roan1 #as4 #f;d42 ,fr5* morocco1 #bs4 #f;d42 calf1 #ds42 morocco pla91 #ds4 #f;d42 morocco gilt1 #es4 #f;d4 ,little ,fl[]-,g>d51 or ,tales = ! ,"y4 ,fir/ ,s]ies4 ,price1 9 a packet1 #bs42 clo?1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,ell5's ,dream1 c4 ,lucy's ,pilgrimage4 ,! ,%eph]d ,boy4 ,requiescat 9 ,pace4 ,little ,adam4 ,! ,*]ries1 etc4 ,! ,ros>y4 ,no ,virtue )\t ,/ruggle4 ,little ,m>t94 ,tale ( ! ,ard5nes4 ,! ,two ,mo!rs4 ,! ,two ,italians4 ,manna ( ! ,new ,cov5ant3 ,m$itations = ,communion4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,,pagani4 ,clo?1 neat1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,works ,,by ,,dr4 ,,newman4 ,! ,gramm> ( ,ass5t4 ,clo?1 #hs4 #f;d4 #crd ,edition4 ,v]ses on v>i\s ,occasions1 n[ collect$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 #bnd edit41 #es4 ,! ,dream ( ,g]ontius4 ,sep>ately1 #f;d42 clo?1 #as4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,new edition1 #es4 ,calli/a4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,loss & ,ga94 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #ds4 ,lectures on ! ,turks4 #ds4 ,occasional ,s]mons4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #fs4 ,an ,essay on ,developm5t4 #abs4 ,! ,life ( ,s4 ,t]esa1 writt5 by h]self3 a new translation f ! la/ ,spani% ,edition4 ,to :i* is add$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,engli% ,,! ,,relations1 or ! ,manife/ations ( h] ,spiritual ,/ate :i* ! ,sa9t submitt$ to h] ,confessors4 ,translat$ by ,,david ,,lewis4 ,9 a h&some volume1 #hvo1 clo?1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,! "w is incomp>able2 & ,mr4 ,lewis's r>e fai?fulness & felicity z a translator are kn[n s well1 t no ^w ( ours c be necess>y to make ! volume eag]ly look$ =4--,dubl9 ,review4 ,we h 9 ?is gr& book p]haps ! mo/ copi\s spiritual autobiography ( a ,sa9t1 & ( a highly-fav\r$ ,sa9t1 t exi/s4--,mon?4 ,life ( ,/4 ,paula4 ,f !1 ,fr5*4 ,) beautiful ,frontispiece4 ,small #hvo1 #as4 #f;d42 neat clo?1 #bs4 ,! ,unity ( ! ,episcopate consid]$ ) ref]5ce to c]ta9 ,anglican ,difficulties & ,pret5sions4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,healy ,,?ompson1 ,m4,a4 ,clo?1 #ds4 ,! object ( ?is "w 7a few copies ( :i* rema9 on h&7 is to %[ ! necess>y connection :i* subsi/s betwe5 ! ,papal ,pr]ogatives & ! ,organic ,unity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,cecilia3 a ,drama4 ,by ,,albany ,j4 ,,*ri/ie1 ,s4,j4 ,) a ,frontispiece aft] ,moltor4 ,clo? elegant1 #es4 ,life ( ,"m ,m>g>et1 ( ! ,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4 ,dom9ic4 #bnd ,edition1 #ajs4 ,! ,riv]s ( ,damascus & ,jordan3 a ,caus]ie4 ,by a ,t]ti>y ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,dom9ic4 ,price #ds4 ,! ,invitation ,he$$3 ,reasons = a ,return to ,ca?olic ,unity4 ,by ,,james ,,k5t ,,/one1 late ,presid5t ( ,k5yon ,college1 ,gambi]1 ,ohio1 & ( ,hob>t ,college4 ,clo?1 #es4 #f;d4 ,dr4 ,/one's book has a deep int]e/1 bo? z a /atem5t ( 8 reasons = 8 return to ,ca?olic ,unity1 & z "o ( ! able/1 mo/ le>n$1 & satisfactory argum5ts = ! ,*ur* t a conv]t f ,anglicanism has giv5 u4 ,z f> z argum5t c avail any?+ aga9/ su* an enemy1 8 book is ! dea?-w>rant ( ,anglicanism4--,,dr4 ,,br[nson 9 ! ,new ,york ,tablet4 ,! ,hidd5 ,life ( ,jesus3 a ,lesson & ,model to ,*ri/ians4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* ( ,,b\don4 ,clo?1 #cs4 ,devotion to ! ,n9e ,*oirs ( ,holy ,angels1 & especially to ! ,angel-,gu>dians4 ,translat$ f ! same4 #cs4 ,disputationes ,!ologic de ,ju/itia et ,jure ad ,normam ,juris ,municipalis ,britannici et ,hib]nic con=mat4 ,auctore ,,georgio ,,crolly1 9 ,collegio ,s4 ,patricii apud ,maynoo? ,sacr ,!ologi ,dogmatic et ,moralis ,pr(essore4 #abmo1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,fai? & ,reason4 ,a translation ( ! well-kn[n "w ( ! ,abb ,,m>t9et1 well adapt$ = circulation 9 ! pres5t day4 #hvo1 clo?1 #es4 #f;d4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t ,n>rative1 9 ! ,words ( ! ,sacr$ ,writ]s4 ,) ,notes1 ,*ronological ,tables1 & ,maps4 ,a book = ^? :o1 z a matt] ( education or ( devotion1 wi% to be ?or\ghly well acqua9t$ ) ! ,life ( our ,"l4 ,:at is n>rat$ by ea* ( ,8 ,evangeli/s is wov5 into a cont9u\s & *ronological n>rative4 ,?us ! /udy ( ! ,gospels is complete & yet easy4 ,clo?1 #bs4 ,! compil]s des]ve great praise = ! mann] 9 :i* !y h p]=m$ _! task4 ,we comm5d 8 little volume z well & c>efully pr9t$1 & z furni%+ its read]s1 moreov]1 ) a great am\nt ( useful in=mation 9 ! tables ins]t$ at ! end4--,mon?4 ,x is at once cle>1 complete1 & beautiful4--,ca?olic ,op9ion4 ,! ,c\ntess ( ,glosswood3 a ,tale ( ! ,times ( ! ,/u>ts4 ,f ! ,fr5*4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,! tale is well writt51 & ! translation seems clev]ly done4--,mon?4 ,?is volume is prettily got up1 & we c /rongly recomm5d x to all z an excell5t & in/ructive little book to place 9 ! h&s ( ! "y4--,we/m9i/] ,gazette4 ,an excell5t translation1 & a v pretty tale1 well told4--,ca?olic ,op9ion4 ,?is is a pretty tale ( a ,puritan conv]sion 9 ! "t ( ,*>les ,,ii41 prettily got up1 & a pleas+ addition to our l5d+-libr>ies4--,tablet4 ,?is tale belongs to a class ( :i* we h _h to ?ank ,messrs4 ,burns = _m beautiful specim5s4 ,su* books1 :ile !y are delightful read+ to u :o are happily ,ca?olics1 h ano!r important m]it--!y set =? ! claims ( ,ca?olicism1 & mu/ d a va/ deal ( good among ,prote/ants :o casually meet ) & p]use !m4 ,! book be=e u is beautifully got up1 & w\ld be an ornam5t to any table4--,weekly ,regi/]4 ,! ,agonis+ ,he>t3 ,salvation ( ! ,dy+1 ,consolation ( ! ,afflict$4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,fa!r ,,blot1 ,au?or ( ,! ,agony ( ,jesus4 ,) approbation ( ! ,bi%op ( ,mans4 ,price #ds4 #b vols4 ,! ,love ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,?ree vols4 #hvo1 #cas4 #f;d4 ,a translation = ! fir/ "t ( ! /&>d "w ( ,,/4 ,,jure4 ,! ,glories ( ,m>y4 ,by ,/4 ,,alphonsus ,,liguori4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,,c(f91 ,prov9cial ( ! ,r$emptori/s4 ,new edition1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,?is is ! only edition :i* has ! ,"w ( ! ,sa9t entire1 & 9 a correct translation4 ,! ,raccolta ( ,indulg5c$ ,pray]s4 ,translat$ 7by au?ority7 by ! ,rev4 ,fa!r ,,/4 ,,john4 ,new edition1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 calf1 #fs4 ,supplem5t to =m] editions1 #f;d4--,also1 uni=m1 ,s>ra on ,indulg5ces1 #as4 ,memorials ( ^? :o suff]$ = ! ,fai? 9 ,irel& 9 ! ,sixte5?1 ,sev5te5?1 & ,eighte5? ,c5turies4 ,collect$ f au!ntic & orig9al docum5ts by ,,myles ,o',,reilly1 ,b4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 #hvo1 clo?1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,a v valuable comp5dium ( ! m>tyrology ( ,irel& dur+ ! times ( active ,prote/ant p]secution4 ,! language ( _m ( ^! orig9al records is inexpressibly t\*+4--,dubl9 ,review4 ,v int]e/+ memories4--,mon?4 ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,spiritual ,life4 ,by ,fa!r ,,lallemant1 ,s4,j4 ,new edition1 #es4 ,a ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,fa!r ,,law1 ( ! ,oratory4 #as4 ,little ,book ( ! ,love ( ,god4 ,by ,c\nt ,,/olb]g4 ,) ,life ( ! ,au?or4 ,clo?1 #bs4 ,an admirable little treatise1 p]fectly adapt$ to our language & modes ( ?\ght4--,,bi%op ,,( ,,birm+ham4 ,h]o9es ( ,*>ity4 ,conta9+ ,popul> ,lives ( ,mme4 de ,miramion4 ,mme4 de ,pollalion4 ,mdlle4 de ,lamoignon4 ,l\ise de ,m>illac4 ,du*ess de ,aiguillon4 ,! ,si/]s ( ,v9c5nes4 ,jeanne ,biscot4 ,anne de ,melun4 ,! ,little ,si/]s ( ! ,poor4 ,clo? neat1 #bs4 #f;d4 #ag #ah ,portman ,/reet1 #fc ,pat]no/] ,r[4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,footnotes 9 ! orig9al 7 numb]$ consecutively = ea* *apt]4 ,!y h be5 r5umb]$ to be unique to ! text4 ,ref]5ces to notes bel[ foll[ ! newly numb]$ sequ5ce4 ,= ^? issues :i* occur 9 footnotes1 ! page numb] ref]s to ! page on :i* ! note beg9s4 ,! punctuation ( _m quot$ passages is haphaz>d1 ) quotation m>ks incorrectly or incompletely indicat+ ! ne/+ !re(4 ,= example1 ,footnote #aab on p4 #acd consi/s 9 "p ( a quotation end+ ) 444! la/ "w ( ! ,creator4 ,"h1 ! punctuation ( ne/$ quotations is incorrect4 ,x is n cle> :]e ! b\nd>y ( ! quote %\ld be4 ,unless ! scope is v cle>1 no attempt has be5 made to correct ^! lapses1 & ! text /&s z pr9t$4 ,we note ! foll[+ p>agraphs :i* rema9 z pr9t$3 p4 #acd n4 #aab ,! ,*9ese cosmogony444 p4 #ach n4 #aaf ,! ,m&ans believ$444 p4 #agf n4 #adb ,9 ! second 444 fix$ x at midnight4 p4 #ahe ,ra is a god ) few peculi>444 p4 #aia ,rawl9son says ( ?is god444 p4 #aie n4 #aed ,vide 8 o!r epi!ts444 p4 #baf ,ba*us is by "s call$444 p4 #bci ,he is said to h transmitt$ to mank9d444 p4 #bed ,! *ief actors 9 ^! /range sc5es444 p4 #beh ,x w be rememb]$444 ,! op5+ sc5e 9 ! ,m&an cu/oms444 p4 #bfj ,we %all n be surpris$ to le>n444 p4 #bfb ,at ,:ydat 444 :ite visitors4 p4 #bfe n4 #bbd ,! ,s&wi* ,isl&s444 p4 #bgj ,at pp4 #dgg-gh !re is p]haps444 p4 #bge ,mr ,max ,mll] adds444 p4 #cbg ,among/ ! ,mexicans 444 9 ! old _w4 p4 #chg n4 #cbe ,! ,v ,rev4 ,dr ,rock444 ,/ ,paul says444 p4 #cib n4 #ccc ,vide also 9 ,c>v]'s444 ,?is text is d5se ) citations1 "s ( :i* seem incorrect4 ,= example1 ! ref]5ce to ,g5esis i4 #b4 on p4 #bcd is attribut$ to ,g54 x44 ,no attempt 0 made to correct any attributions4 ,9 note #cje on p4 #cfd1 ! quot$ passage f ,pa/oret's 7ix1 #agj7 0 corrupt$1 & is correct$3 ,on s'assembloit dans au li5_/un lieu sacr du ,mont ,mycale4 ,on p4 #cii1 ! "n s*ylus appe>s1 unacc\ntably z ,o,eschylos1 b is reta9$4 ,?is text is g5]ally foll[$ z pr9t$4 ,corrections are made only :]e !re are obvi\s pr9t]'s errors or :]e !re are num]\s examples ( a correct spell+4 ,:]e ! issue appe>s 9 quot$ passages1 no corrections 7 made4 ,?is includes =eign language citations 7,fr5*1 ,lat9 & ,greek71 :]e spell+ & acc5ts1 9 p>ticul>1 may n appe> z expect$4 ,9 ! index & adv]tisem5ts1 incid5tal inconsi/5cies ( punctuation are correct$ )\t fur!r notice4 ,! foll[+ table describes textual issues enc\nt]$ dur+ ! prep>ation ( ?is text1 & ! resolution ( ea*4 p4 xxviii occcupy ,remov$4 p4 #cj e?nic division4 ,add$4 p4 #fa n4 #ea ,vues des ,cordillres1 ,add$4 p4 #fi n4 #ef 7,sanskrit1 pota boat7 ,add$4 p4 #gj n4 #eg ,,to ,,! ,,wat]s ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,lake1 c4 ,add$4 p4 #gg n4 #fc ! ext5t ( ! c\ntries !y sic4 ,op5+ inhabit4 quote miss+4 p4 #gi accord+ to diff]5t diff]5t degrees ,remov$4 p4 #hc a 'd>k' _s ,add$4 p4 #if 7#adfa _/ #b7 #bibb ,correct$4 p4 #ih g5]ations 1 ye>s sic4 ,miss+4 p4 #aaa acccount$ ,remov$4 p #aae ',9 ! m\nta9 ! ,"l w see4' ,add$4 p4 #aji n4 #gi cosmopolitanism ,add$4 p4 #aah n4 #hh ,l',antiquite devoile p> ses ,usages ,add$4 p4 #acc n4 #aaj ,mu_/ll] ,correct$4 p4 #ace are /ill liv+ "u ! gr\nd4 ,add$4 p4 #aie 'arr[-head1' ,add$4 p4 #bjc '! *ief ( ! spirits1' ,add$4 p4 #bje n4 #afc ,anacalypsis1'_/ ,correct$4 p4 #bbf :i* owes xs orig9 ,add$4 p4 #bbh mis*iev\s ,add$4 p4 #bdj ) two horns4 ,add$4 p4 #bdd ,montfauc_/on ,correct$4 p4 #bdh n4 #bji not$ also 9 ! ,pana!na4 ,add$4 p4 #bej kan 7rope7 'gbe 7to-day74 ,add$4 p4 #beb n4 #bab be+ ! mo/ common4 ,add$4 p4 #bfb :i* are ?us describ$8 sic4 '3'8 p4 #bff n4 #bbd ,hawaiki1 7,s&wi* ,isl&s74 sic4 8 p4 #bfg 9 ! bran*es ( ! trees ,add$4 p4 #bfg n4 #bbf ,! ,indians resemble ,add$4 p4 #bga gods ,canon & ,camis or ,*amis2 ,add$4 p4 #bgb n4 #bcj divid$ into f\r acts4 ,add$4 p4 #bhd n4 #bce '_/,soires de ,/ ,pet]sb\rg ,correct$4 p4 #bhi ,lubbu_/ock's ,correct$4 p4 #cjd n4 #bee & camac p>ticiple ( camani1 ,i create4 ,add$4 p4 #caf to ! ! read] ,l9e break repetition4 p4 #cba n4 #bfe 7,traditions ( ! ,new ,zeal&]s7 ,add$4 p4 #cda n4 #bhe 7,g54 xiii47 sic4 8 p4 #cee n4 #bid 7,niebhr1 ii4 *4 vi47 ,add$4 p4 #cfc n4 #cjd ,! oa? tak5 by ,add$4 p4 #cgb n4 #cji ,l',antiquit dvoile p> ses usages ,remov$4 p4 #che n4 #cbc ne saurait assez reconnatre4 ,add$4 p4 #chg n4 #cbf ,droit ,roma91 i4 #dh4 ,add$4 p4 #cij ! caduceatores ,add$4 p4 #cid n4 #ccd ,smi? 7,my?4 ,dict47 ,add$4 p4 #dba ,romans & & ,lat9s ,l9e break repetition4 p4 #dbf ,normam_/nby ,correct$4 ,gq_/guet's ,correct$4