,,transcrib]',s ,,note4      ,9 ?is pla9
 text v]sion ( 8,! ,art ( ,dr9k+03      
,words 9 italics are m>k$ ) und]scores4 
,small capital lett]s are %[n 9 upp]    
case4    ,m9or pr9t]'s errors h be5     
correct$1 b v>iant & irregul>  spell+s  
are reta9$4              ,,! ,,art ,,(  
,,dr9k+4        ,a ,,hi/orical ,,sket*4 
,,f ,,! ,,g]man ,,(      ,g4 ,g4        
,,g]v9us4        ,,translat$ ,,= ,,!    
,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,brew]s' ,,association4
      ,,new ,,york3    ,,unit$ ,,/ates  
,,brew]s' ,,association4    #ahij4      
,,translator',s ,,note4      ,g4 ,g4    
,g]v9us 7#ahje-ahga7 is recogniz$ z "o (
 ! =emo/  hi/orians ( ,g]many4 ,he 0 a  
man ( m>vel\s erudition4 ,8  fame re/s n
 only ^u a great numb] ( pr(\ndly le>n$ 
works1 b also ^u 8 brilliant advocacy ( 
! con/itutional  rights ( ! p1 z aga9/ !
 reaction>y t5d5cy ( !  ,g]man pr9ces   
dur+ ,mett]ni*'s despotic rule4 ,he 0 "o
 (  ! sev5 celebrat$ pr(essors ( !      
,univ]sity ( ,gtt+5 :o  boldly prote/$  
aga9/ ! violation ( ! ,con/itution by ! 

,k+ ( ,hanov]4 ,8 be/-kn[n works are    
8,hi/ory ( ! ,poetical  ,lit]ature ( !  
,g]mans10 8,hi/ory ( ! ,n9ete5?         
,c5tury10 &  a volum9\s comm5t>y on     
,%akspe>e1 8made popul> 9 ,engl&0--z  ! 
,encyclopdia ,britannica /ates--8by an  
excell5t translation40    ,! foll[+     
sket* 0 design$ by ,g]v9us z an outl9e (
 :at  a hi/ory ( potology w\ld be1 if   
conceiv$ & execut$ by a  philosophical  
m9d4    ,an ,engli% translation ( ?is   
sket* ne$s no ju/ification 9 our  "t4   
,,! ,,art ,,( ,,dr9k+4    ,a ,,hi/orical
 ,,sket*4      ,a sket* ( ! art ( dr9k+ 
might seem to ann\nce a subject  unwor?y
 ( a man ^: en]gies h be5 devot$ to     
e>ne/ purposes  & s]i\s aims 9 life4 ,b 
x is n my int5tion to make ! sket*  a   
m]e treasure-box ( all sorts (          
curiosities1 nor to gratify !reby  !    
curiosity ( idle read]s4 ,:5 x is       
approa*$ f a sci5tific  /&po9t1 !       
dignity ( sci5ce mu/ necess>ily exclude 
all  frivol\s treatm5t1 z well z all    
%all[ & sup]ficial purpose4  ,_m w\ld be

 satisfi$ if an insignificant sket* (   
?is k9d simply  bore "s pa!tic motto1 z 
^! words ( ,s5eca's3 ,animum aliqu&o    
debemus relax>e et quibusdam            
oblectam5tis refic]e2 s$ ipsa           
oblectam5ta op]a s9t4 ,i1 h[ev]1 w\ld   
scorn a ju/ification (  ?is k9d1 = ,i   
hold t recreation ought to be           
recreation1 & n  "w1 & %\ld consid] x f>
 bett] if our labors 7 pleasures1  r ?an
 our pleasures1 labors4    ,i wi% 9 ?is 
sket* to po9t out ! importance & s]i\s  
significance ( a "w ( ?is sort1 & %all  
h1 above all1 to  prove t ! app>5tly    
some:at jocul> subject has a v s]i\s    
side1 & may be contemplat$ f a grave    
/&po9t4    ,if ,i succe$ f ! v fir/ 9   
induc+ ! read] to adopt !  same         
hi/orical view ( ! matt] t ,i take      
myself1 ,i %all h  ga9$ a great po9t1 = 
he w !n lay aside all prejudice &       
preconceiv$ op9ion4 ,! real hi/orian mu/
 be a /rang] to all  prejudice &        
preconceiv$ op9ion2 he _c treat ( any   
subject  sep>ately1 b is attract$ by    

ev]y?+ 9 a c]ta9 ord] &  connection4 ,he
 mu/ n *oose any subject f p]sonal      
incl9ation1  b accord+ to ! ne$s & dem&s
 ( 8 "t & ( human  society2 nor mu/ he  
treat ! *os5 subject ) t pa?ological    
int]e/ & sympa?y s common among ! writ]s
 ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,he  mu/ und]/& & "k1 f  
hi/orical exp]i5ce1 t 9 times  l ours1  
:i* h outgr[n ! activity ( imag9ation--t
  is to say1 ,art--&1 on ! o!r h&1 are n
 yet ripe =  speculation--t is to say1  
,philosophy1--univ]sal obs]vation1  :i* 
includes all dep>tm5ts ( human activity1
 is ! only  ?+ t 9 ^! v times & = ?is   
g5]ation c furni%  positive in=mation & 
prove a c]ta9 ga94 ,! real hi/orian1  ^:
 pr(ession x is to be equally int]e/$ 9 
ev]y?+1 ?us  becomes an image (         
imp>tiality4 ,! imp>tial obs]v] is      
attract$  by all ph5om5a1 & to him no?+ 
appe>s small1 insignificant  or         
unimportant1 z soon z he beg9s to draw  
conclusions f 8  obs]vations & to       
discov] laws 9 ! physical z well z !    
moral  _w4 ,9 ! _w ( reason !re exi/s   

no?+ small1 accid5tal or  unimportant4  
,if ! same laws ( *emical comb9ation    
gov]n imm5se  masses ( matt] z well z ! 
smalle/ atom1 if ! m>* &  developm5t (  
mank9d are ! same z ^? ( ! mo/          
insignificant  individual1 ! obs]vation 
( ! smalle/ z well z ! greate/ is  (    
equal importance1 & man may well feel   
com=t 9 ! fact t  ea* hair ^u 8 head is1
 inde$1 numb]$4 ,?is alone might refute 
any s]i\s objection to my !me4    ,a    
hi/ory ( o9ology or potology w\ld be    
able to %[ t man1 9  satisfy+ a p>tly   
physical & p>tly intellectual desire1 is
 b\nd  by ! same laws t gov]n him 9 !   
satisfaction ( ! highe/  ne$s ( 8 /riv+ 
m9d4 ,& if ?is be ! case1 ! !me might   
be consid]$ wor?y ( be+ *os5 by ! mo/   
sev]e sci5tific  morali/2 & matt]s ( ?is
 k9d are apt to be ov]look$ only        
because o!r ?+s appe> comp>atively m    
important4 ,!re is  a hi/ory ( w9e &    
w9e-dr9k+ 7= ( ^! alone ,i speak71      
because x is connect$ ) our spiritual   
developm5t4 ,w9e itself  %[s a c]ta9    

elem5t ( developm5t & p]fectibility--a  
relation  to organic life 9 its         
f]m5tation1 & a sympa!tic feel+1 z  x 71
 9 its movem5t dur+ ! p]iod ( ! bloom+ (
 !  v9e1 :ile 9 ! plant itself x %[s an 
inn] developm5t4 ,i h  j call$ w9e-dr9k+
 a p>tly physical1 p>tly intellectual   
enjoym5t1 & x is almo/ impossible to    
call up ! image ( any  social ga!r+ or  
ent]ta9m5t )\t x4 ,& s9ce all human     
culture proce$s f ! mann]s & =ms (      
society & social  int]c\rse1 we w\ld    
pla9ly see 9 su* a hi/ory--:at has (t5  
be5 div9$ & po9t$ out1 b also frequ5tly 
smil$ at--t w9e  is mo/ closely connect$
 ) ! civilization ( ,/ates & ) !        
developm5t ( free human culture1 & t !  
art ( dr9k+ at  all times keeps /ep )   
?is culture & developm5t1 & s9ks or     
rises ) !m4 ,= n at all times h m5      
practic$ ?is art )  equal wisdom1 nor   
yet ev5 practic$ x 9 l mann]2 & !re is  
spiritual progress f ! blood-?ir/y      
revels ( gi/he to ^? (  ! philosoph]s ) 
,plato2 f ! cup-be>] ,heph/os to ,hebe &

  ,ganym$e2 f ! heavy1 dull metal cup to
 ! transp>5t1 r\nd$  cry/al glass1 9    
,lucian's "t1 or our own1 :i* %[s !     
color1  reta9s ! p]fume & promotes s\nd4
 ,z ! culture ( ! grape  is only f\nd   
:]e a high] human civilization has begun
 to develop1  x also %[s itself at once 
:]e a new civilization appe>s2 x may  be
 ev5 9 regions unfavorable to x1 :]e x  
is only cultivat$ till  w9e has become s
 great a want t x c no long] be disp5s$ 
)1 despite ! lack ( suffici5t native    
production4 ,! fir/  cultivators ( !    
v9e1 hi/ory praises z b5efactors (      
mank9d  & propagators ( civilization4   
,noah 0 ! elect ( ,god1 9 spite  ( !    
improprieties produc$ by 8 w9e2 old     
,dionysos1 = all !  rav+s ( 8 s]vice1 a 
k9dly god2 & ,urban1 ( ! ,middle ,ages1 
a  sa9t1 al?\gh he committ$ ! greate/   
misde$s "u ! influ5ce  ( w9e4 ,& :]ev]1 
on ! o!r h&1 9 m enlight5$ hi/ory1  a   
man took an active "p 9 ! developm5t (  
human civilization1  he did s also      
in/9ctively1 x w\ld seem1 = t ( w9e--be 

x  a ,h]acles ,ipoctonos among !        
,ery?rans2 or an ,alex&]1 :o1 )  8      
,greek culture1 br\ght ! grape-v9e back 
to hot ,babylon2 or a  ,*>les ,,iv41 :o1
 ) 8 ,italian education1 wi%$ to =ce x  
^u  cold ,bohemia4 ,we %all see t :]ev] 
hi]>*ical con/itutions  depriv$ ! p ( ! 
advantages ( education1 ! wisdom ( !    
prie/s 0 subtle en\gh to =bid w9e too1 &
 ! c\rse ( !  ,mohamm$an hi]>*y w %[ u  
mo/ pla9ly h[ ! art ( dr9k+  br\ght ) x 
bold re=matory deviations f ! laws4 ,we 
%all  obs]ve1 ev5 ) ,*ri/ian nations1   
h[1 among c]ta9 races :]e  ! use ( w9e 0
 conf9$ to ! ,communion table1          
civilization also  came to a /&-/ill4   
,we c !n po9t to a patri>*al & h]oic    
p]iod ( ! art ( dr9k+1 :]e w9e1 z 0     
=m]ly done by  ! ,gauls1 & ev5 by our   
own ,suabian ance/ors1 0 despis$1 &     
aft]w>ds1 by all sorts ( artificial     
means1 made m sub/antial  ?an x is by   
nature--m l mead or be]1 :i* is at su*  
p]iods  ! natural dr9k ( ! p4 ,at an    
ari/ocratic & knightly epo*1  9 :i*     

society is unnaturally sublimat$1 x is  
s\ght to increase  & make m spiritual   
/ill ! effect ( w9e also1 by ! addition 
( spicy h]bs4 ,) ! fir/ civil developm5t
 ( nations !y return  to simple nature2 
a numb] ( corporations & bro!rhoods make
 x  _! bus9ess to wat* ov] ! art (      
dr9k+1 ov] ! purity (  ! w9e itself1 &  
its lawful use2 f k+ to begg>1 all      
cultivate  ! *e]+ art1 j z all are      
anxi\s1 also1 = spiritual  enlight5m5t4 
,we see1 !n1 9 ! la/ c5turies ! p$antic 
return  to tea & c(fee1 & among ^?      
nations :o h %>$ b 9 v  small measure 9 
! intellectual progress ( ,europe1 we   
f9d t !  c(fee-h\se 7caf7--an in/itution
 :i* is sc>cely a c5tury & a  half      
old--almo/ cr[d$ out ! w9e-saloons4     
,i h allud$ to w9e-dr9k+ z a p>tly      
intellectual & p>tly  physical enjoym5t4
 ,among mat]ial enjoym5ts1 x is "o ( !  
mo/  spiritual2 among spiritual ones1 "o
 ( ! mo/ mat]ial1 keep+  ab\t ! "r      
middle c\rse4 ,a hi/ory ( ! art ( dr9k+ 
w\ld  prove ?is4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ! hi/ory (  

nations we %all come ^u  times :]e amid 
a fulness ( physical p[]1 ! desire = m  
ref9em5t 9 outw>d life1 z well z a /riv+
 = great] inn]  p]fection1 began to     
manife/ itself4 ,9 ,g]many1 ! "t ( !    
,re=mation 0 su* a p]iod4 ,& at su*     
times1 :5 out] & inn]  p[]s beg9 to /ir 
) wond]ful en]gy--times z yet divid$    
betwe5 old r\ghness & new humanity2     
betwe5 ! co>se1 ord9>y  f>e ( e day =   
m9d & imag9ation1 & ! new hope ( "s  f9]
 n\ri%m5t--at su* times ! g5ial enjoym5t
 ( w9e1 & !  delights ( regul> social   
pleasures1 h always /ruck deepe/ root  &
 _h free/ play4 ,su* images z ^?1 ?is   
hi/ory w\ld mo/  will+ly depict2 nor    
w\ld x be sup]flu\s to pres5t !m 9 our  
day1 :5 society seems m & m to =get t   
its aim is to  be simply pleasure &     
recreation4 ,! future seems to (f] no?+ 
t c\ld take ! place ( ! great simplicity
 ( pa/ mann]s2 (  ^? fea/s ( y\? :i*    
ask$ no?+ b uncontroll$ enjoym5t2  ( ^? 
ev5+ ent]ta9m5ts ( ! citiz5s1 :i* 7     
devot$  to _! imm$iate surr\nd+s 9 h\se 

or community2 ( ! frank  & manly        
rectitude ( t race :i* seem$1 inde$1 to 
f9d tru?  & con/ancy 9 w9e1 & its be/   
pleasures 9 an aft]noon sp5t  9 !       
8w9e-g>d510 surr\nd$ by wife & *ildr51  
relatives &  fri5ds4 ,all public        
pleasure has disappe>$ f among u1 & we  
arrange p>ties & receptions t only tire 
ourselves & o!rs4  ,c]emoni\s etiquette 
gives u "w & tr\ble :5 we %\ld f9d      
recreation1 & fatigues our m9ds :5      
imag9ation %\ld h free  play4 ,only :]e 
m51 "h & !re1 p]mit !mselves to meet    
ab\t  ! bottle1 accord+ to ! good old   
cu/om1 & :]e no committee  is necess>y  
to approve ( ! toa/s1 pure1 g5u9e       
pleasure revives  once m1 toge!r ) !    
pure1 g5u9e art ( dr9k+4 ,= !re  is no  
intellectual p[] t is s directly quick5$
 & /r5g!n$  by any n\ri%m5t z imag9ation
 is by w9e4 ,tea keeps conv]sation  )9 !
 b\nds ( p$antic propriety1 & be] soo!s 
b *ecks  quick rep>tee2 b w9e %>p5s ! /+
 ( wit1 /imulates spirit$  conv]sation1 
& bright5s ! :ole social atmosph]e4 ,!  

poet1  :o lives 9 imag9ation1 & turns 8 
back ^u reality1 0 always  a lov] (     
w9e--! bev]age :i* int5sifies reality1  
&1 at !  same "t1 lifts him above x4 ,! 
dr9k+-song1 f ,anacreon d[n  to all 8   
imitators 9 ,g]many1 occupies a special 
& v prom95t  place 9 lit]ature4 ,to w9e 
are d$icat$ ! fir/ productions (  !     
tragic art2 & to x has be5 assign$ a    
p>ticul> di?yrambic  measure1 :i* a poet
 :o %\ld set wat] above w9e c\ld nev]   
so> high en\gh to make 8 own4 ,& :osoev]
 has any cause to turn  away f ! real   
_w1 & longs = ! fre$om ( liv+ 9 an      
ideal "o1 is fond ( w9e4 ,if ,i wi%$ to 
spoil my idyllic picture by  satire1 ,i 
%\ld "h "n ! conv]ts & ! monks2 b ,i    
%\ld  r call up ! w&]+ begg>1 :om want &
 h>d%ip h made  we>y ( ! _w4 ,sleep has 
be5 prais$ z ! fri5d ( pov]ty2  b !re 7 
times :5 w9e also 0 call$ its fri5d1    
:i*1  ev5 9 wak+ h\rs1 calls up dreams t
 *>m away ! burd5 ( a  mis]able exi/5ce4
 ,= w9e tempts ev5 ! begg> to           
extravagance1  t vice :i* has (t5 be5   

set d[n to ! acc\nt ( w9e2  al?\gh1 if  
!re be su* a ?+ z degrees 9 vice1 x may 
be call$  "o ( ! nobl] ones4 ,& ?is     
g5ial pleasure 9 sp5d+ helps !  poor man
 9 8 mis]y2 consoles him = 8 de/itution2
 (f]s him  :o is homeless a spot :]e he 
may feel com=table1 & tea*es him  to    
=get all t oppresses him4 ,w9e makes man
 lib]al & g5]\s2  ! (f]$ cup 0 =m]ly !  
symbol ( hospitality grant$1 &  ev5 !   
mis] is m ready to %>e tobacco & w9e ?an
 any (  8 o!r possessions4 ,= x makes u 
communicative & confid5tial  9 social   
int]c\rse2 x f\nds fri5d%ips1 & is /ill 
! symbol  ( bro!rhood4 ,if x sometimes  
/irs up heat & diss5sion1 x also  smoo?s
 ! way to union aga92 &1 =m]ly1 no      
reconciliation  c\ld take place )\t hav+
 a seal set ^u x by a common cup (  w9e4
 ,at y\r cup y f9d ! free/ & mo/        
enlight5$ spot 9  ! _w1 :]e y may n only
 ?9k :at y please1 & say :at  y ?9k1 b  
:]e y\r ?\ghts !mselves take ! highe/   
flight  man is capable (4 ,i d n "k :e!r
 x is due to jeal\s gods  t ! excessive 

enjoym5t ( w9e proves its own p5alty4   
,)\t  ?is depress+ fire 9 ! w9e itself1 
x seems to me heav5 &  its secrets w\ld 
be f> m endang]$ by ! spiritual flight (
  ! dr9k] ?an by ! t[]+ rocks ( !       
,titans4 ,?us1 :]ev]  despots & hi]>*s  
int5d$ to keep nations 9 dr[sy /upidity1
  !y =bade w9e4 ,only at times1 :5      
lib]ty & enlight5m5t  7 common prop]ty1 
:5 no ca/es possess$ an exclusive       
monoply  ( wisdom1 "r or might1 0 x     
possible to introduce political         
discussion at ! cup4 ,= only at su*     
times ( univ]sal public  _s & feel+ c\ld
 "o take c\nsel ( ! imag9ation 9        
practical affairs & matt]s ( ,/ate1 &   
hope = su* results (  ! ev5+ discussion 
at ! cup z w\ld be> ! te/ ( ! sob]  next
 day's light4 ,= only su* h]oic         
conditions z are repres5t$ by  ! ,g]mans
 & ,p]sians ( anci5t times c really %[ !
 virtues  ( tru? & fai?fulness1 & 9 !   
mo/ public conc]ns c\ld he>  ! voice t  
always speaks 9 w9e2 &1 9 ^? days1 no "o
 ne$$  to fe> t w9e w\ld impel him to   

speak tru? too freely4 ,only  nations ( 
really active nature1 :o call$ manl9ess 
& w>-p[] by  ! "n ( virtue1 c\ld d full 
honor to w9e1 & x c\ld only be a  ,greek
 :o ask$1 z did ,ari/ophanes3--         
8,do/ ?\ boldly v5ture to say w9e is n  
good = our reason8      ,:at m ?an w9e  
impels u to de$s & to action8      ,:y1 
look y1 z soon z m5 are dr9k]s ( w9e1 !n
      ,ri* are !y all & active1         
victori\s 9 law-c\rts2      ,aye1 v     
happy too1 & to _! fri5ds useful40      
,among ! ,g]mans1 too1 x has long be5   
cu/om>y to settle all  bus9ess ) a dr9k1
 & !re 0 no betro?al1 no b>ga91 & no    
compact t 0 n accompani$ by ! pur*ase ( 
w9e4 ,all ,g]man  hi/ory is fill$ ) !   
love ( w9e4 ,:5 ! ,g]man bord]-l9e  0   
fir/ drawn1 ! ,g]mans insi/$ on keep+ ! 
left bank ( !  ,rh9e1 on acc\nt ( its   
ri*ness 9 grapes4 ,!y wrote books ab\t !
  national disposition to dr9k2 !y      
divid$ _! hi/ory accord+  to dr9k+      
p]iods1 & old prov]bs call ! love ( dr9k
 !  ,g]man national vice1 z !ft is t ( !

 ,spani>ds1 deceit t  ( ! ,italians1 &  
vanity t ( ! ,fr5*4 ,n[h]e exi/ w9es  s 
capable ( purity z ! ,g]man w9es1 & no  
real ,g]man w  ev] comp>e ) _! g5u9e    
w9e-qualities ^? ( ! tricky  s\!rn w9es2
 & n[h]e h mixtures be5 s c>efully      
avoid$1  z well z ! purity ( ! art (    
dr9k+1 & ! old dr9k+  cu/oms s          
scrupul\sly pres]v$1 z 9 ,g]many4 ,only 
9 ,g]many c\ld  be conceiv$ ! idea ( a  
hi/ory ( ! art ( dr9k+4 ,p]haps  ! fates
 h orda9$ me to be ! hi/orian ( w9e1 9 !
 v  mean+ ( my "n--g]-wn1 n gr-wn4 ,&   
p]haps "s read]s may  be f\nd = x 9     
,g]many :o d n consid] x too indelicate 
to  speak or to read ( ! natural ne$s ( 
man4 ,let man nev]1 9 fooli%  pride1 ?9k
 himself above 8 own natural wi%es &    
enjoym5ts1 =  x is ! reasonable c>e giv5
 to ^! :i* keeps him close to  human    
nature4 ,z long z a p _c live on        
newspap] read+ &  on />+ ab\t 9 public  
places1 z d ,fr5*m5 & ,italians1 x      
keeps its h&s busy1 its p[]s actively   
employ$1 & its eyes op51  & :]ev] active

 p[]s are a/ir1 no nation is 9 s v bad a
  condition4 ,i %\ld be well cont5t if  
,i c\ld br+ be=e active  & manly m9ds a 
*e]ful picture ( ^? manly enjoym5ts1 &  
induce !m to ta/e ( ?is some:at co>s]   
f>e1 9 addition to !  delicate di%es (  
our lit]ature4          ,i4    ,,!      
,,fa!rl& ,,( ,,w9e4      ,i w\ld only "h
 & !re t\* ^u ! botanical & indu/rial   
culture ( ! grape1 z _m v valuable works
 on ! subject  already exi/ 7among o!rs1
 ,h5d]son's 8,hi/ory ( ,anci5t &  ,mod]n
 ,w9es071 :i* make almo/ a complete     
lit]ature ( w9e4  ,i %all also speak ( !
 home ( ! grape only = ! sake (  pres]v+
 ! natural ord] ( ?+s1 & %all t\* lat]  
^u !  my?ical orig9 ( w9e1 or !         
prep>ation ( w9e4 ,if we look =  !      
orig9al c\ntry ( ! grape1 we %all f9d t 
"h1 too1 z 9  almo/ e o!r bran* (       
culture1 ! we/]n highl&s ( ,asia  are   
po9t$ out to u1 :e!r we foll[ ! fable ( 
,fa!r ,noah1  ! ,nysan ,bac*us1 or !    
rese>*es ( ! naturali/s4 ,! latt]  tea* 
u t on ! ,can>y ,isles & 9 ,am]ica !    

grape gr[s n  s mu* wild z 9 a deg5]ate 
condition2 b 9 ! s\?we/ (  ,europe1 =   
in/ance ! ,italian woods1 x is "h & !re 
f\nd  gr[+ really wild2 t 9 ! s\!a/ ?is 
is /ill m common1  & 9 ,asia ev] on !   
increase4 ,x is s+ul> t at ! ,ar>at1  to
 :i* ,jewi% tradition also po9ts1       
,t\rne=t1 9 8 8,j\rney  to ! ,levant10  
discov]$ a regul> work%op ( ! ,european 
plant1  & on ! bord]s ( transcaucasian  
,georgia he saw ! l& cov]$  ) wild      
grape-v9es & fruit-trees4 ,9 !          
,caucasus1 ,m>%all f\nd  ! grape fl\ri%+
 indep5d5tly 9 ! =e/ & cov]+ :ole       
trees1 & we see 9 ! r\gh & indiff]5t    
mann] 9 :i* !  inhabitants ( ^! c\ntries
 h>ve/ & treat ! grape t !y  consid] x a
 v common product4 ,! mann] 9 :i* !y    
pres]ve  ! w9e1 & ! quantity !y daily   
consume1 prove ! same1 & ?is  entirely  
agrees ) :at ,x5ophon tells ( !         
pres]vation ( !  w9e 9 ci/]ns4          
,elph9/one1 9 8 report on ,cabul1       
relates t  ! ,sultan pres5t$ him )      
grapes t grew )\t cultivation 9  8      

c\ntry4 ,& n only ! quantities ( ! wild 
grapes 9 ^?  c\ntries induce u to reg>d 
!m z _! native soil1 x is also  !       
excell5t quality ( ! cultivat$ grape 9  
,p]sia4 ,! quantity  & quality ( !      
,p]sian w9e oppos$ 9 ?is respect an     
effective  b>ri] to ! laws ( ! ,koran1  
:i* enjo9$ aga9/ ! enjoym5t  ( !        
bev]age1 ev5 9 ! ,ori5t1 :i* is s set 9 
its religi\s  rites & c]emonies4 ,olivi]
 pref]r$ ! grapes ab\t ,ispahan to  all 
he _h ta/$ 9 ,greece1 on ! isl&s ( !    
,m$it]ranean1 &  9 ,syria4 ,none1 he    
says1 equals ! ,kismi%1 :i* be>s a b]ry 
(  middl+ size1 )\t se$s & ) a ?9 sk94  
,%iraz1 ri* 9  poets1 is celebrat$ on   
acc\nt ( ! excell5ce & pl5ty ( its  w9e 
& its f9e air1 & ,mori]1 9 8 8,j\rney   
?r\gh ,p]sia10  places ! w9e ( ,kazw9   
ev5 above t ( ,%iraz1 & ! =m]  city is s
 beautifully situat$ 9 s mild a climate 
t ! ,p]sians  h giv5 x ! "n (           
8,p>adise40 ,9 reg>d to ! fruitfulness (
  ! v9e1 ,/rabo tells u t 9 ,hyrcania "o
 v9e 0 apt to yield  ab\t ?irty-?ree    

qu>ts ( w9e4 ,9 ,m>giana 7 said to be   
v9es  measur+ at ! base ( ! /em two     
fa?oms 9 circumf]5ce &  be>+ grapes two 
y>ds long4 ,9 ,asia ! fruitfulness is   
said to be  /ill great]1 & !re ! w9e    
keeps1 9 unpit*$ vessels1 ?r\gh  ?ree   
g5]ations4          ,,ii4    ,,w9e ,,is 
,,n ,,dome/icat$ ,,among ,,! ,,negroes4 
,! c\rse f ea/ to we/1 m>k$ by ! high]  
culture ( ! human  race1 has be5 also   
closely foll[$ by ! culture ( ! grape4  
,o!r  regions1 nor? & s\? f ! b\nd>y    
m>k$ out1 may h _h  a c]ta9 %>e 9 t     
civilization2 b x seems n[ to be prov$  
t ! negro races1 ! orig9al inhabitants (
 ,africa1 h n  9 any way be5 connect$ ) 
x4 ,9 ^? regions ( ,africa always       
inhabit$ by ^! races1 no grape-culture  
is1 up to ! pres5t  day1 to be f\nd2 &1 
bo? 9 anci5t & mod]n times1 ! grape  has
 be5 a /rang] 9 ,africa1 & a /rang]     
sc>cely to be call$  naturaliz$ any:]e4 
,to t k+ ( ! long-liv$ ,e?iopians 9     
,h]odotus1 to :om ,cambyses s5t 8 gifts1
 w9e1 !re=e1 seem$  ! only desirable ?+ 

!y possess$1 & to x he ascrib$ !  brief 
old age :i*1 9 ! be/ case1 x 0 giv5 !   
,p]sians to  atta94 ,8 negroes1 !re=e1 7
 n acqua9t$ ) w9e1 & 9  ?is !y 7 l all  
unciviliz$ p1 z we %all frequ5tly see2  
nor did !y ev] accept x1 any m ?an !y   
accept$ any o!r  "p ( civilization2 !y  
nev] advanc$ any fur!r ?an to _!  ,t[ak1
 ! palm-w9e made ( fl[]-/ems2 ev5 !     
lotus-w9e1 (  ! prep>ation ( :i*        
,h]odotus knew1 seems to belong only to 
!  ,libyans4 ,only emigrants1 9 ! mo/   
anci5t z well z mo/ rec5t  times1 h     
introduc$ ! grape-v9e at diff]5t times  
into ,africa1  & we w briefly glance at 
?is4 ,fir/1 ! ,egyptians mu/ be  nam$1  
,caucasian races n auto*?onically at    
home 9 ,libya4 ,!  anci5t culture ( !   
grape 9 ,egypt is prov$ n only by       
hi/orical  docum5ts1 b ev5 by ! ru9s (  
old build+s1 & ,i %all return  to !     
pa9t+s 9 ! vaults ne> ,el ,kab1 :i*     
repres5t1 among  o!r ?+s1 ! mann] (     
ga!r+ ! grapes1 & ( pres]v+ &  cool+ !  
w9e4 ,sev]al regions are specially      

m5tion$ z celebrat$  = _! w9e4 ,elei?ya 
_h grape-culture2 ! lakes ( ,m>eos &    
,ta5ia1 :]e all is n[ a b>r5 des]t1 7   
comm5d$ = _!  w9e2 ,alex&ria export$ w9e
 to ,rome1 & ,horace is acqua9t$  ) t ( 
,m>eos4 ,to ! ,epicureans1 h[ev]1 !     
,fal]nian w9e  seem$ bett] :5 treat$ 9 !
 ,egyptian mann]2 & ! w9e (  ,ta5ia 0   
consid]$ /rong] & spici] ?an !          
,alex&rian4 ,b  ev5 9 ! "t ( ,ah5os ?is 
culture _h almo/ disappe>$1 &  only t ( 
,antylla /ill _h a good "n 9 ^? days4 ,&
 ev5  9 bett] times1 ! native w9e does n
 seem to h suffic$ =  home consumption1 
= ,h]odotus speaks at l5g? ( import$ w9e
 f  ,hellas & ,phnicia4 ,! ,libyans &   
,b]b]s probably nev] knew a             
grape-culture ( _! own )\t =eign aid4 ,x
 is c]ta9 t 9  old times ! colonies ( ! 
,greeks & ,c>?ag5ians 9 ! nor?  (       
,africa 7 full ( ! grape2 & we %all f9d 
fur!r on t  ! cult ( ,bac*us 0          
widespread 9 ,cyr5aica1 & t traces (  x 
/ill rema9 9 ! ru9s4 ,pl9y speaks (     
v9ey>ds z traces (  anci5t civilization 

9 ! m\nta9s ( ,dyris 7,atlas72 & !re    
are /ill1 m = ! sake ( ! grapes ?an !   
w9e1 v9ey>ds  ne> ,tunis1 9 ! ri*       
di/rict ( ,d]na1 z well z ! poor "o (   
,mafa1 9 ,fezzan4 ,9 ,mauritania1 z     
,/rabo reports1 7 f\nd grapes a  y>d 9  
circumf]5ce4 ,9 ! oases1 ,belzoni saw   
grapes1 & 9 t  ( ,siwah !y are excell5t1
 z o!r s\!rn fruit also4 ,9 rec5t  times
 ! ,portuguese br\ght ! grape1 ) o!r    
fruit1 z well to  ,madeira & ! ,can>y   
,isles z to ,abyss9ia4 ,!re ! poorness (
  ! plant itself1 no less ?an ! peculi> 
use ( x1 %[s pla9ly  :at a /rang] x is4 
,?us1 also1 among ! ,griquas x is       
cultivat$  by ! mission>ies only1 :o1   
conf9+1 z !y are wont1 all  civilization
 :i* !y (f] to ! elem5ts ( ,*ri/ian     
religion1  give to grape-culture also   
only a ,*ri/ian significance1 plant+ !  
v9e m]ely = its use at ! ,communion     
table4 ,! celebrat$ ,cape  w9e is a     
diff]5t matt]4 ,enlight5$ ,fr5*         
emigrants1 ,prote/ants  driv5 f home by 
! ,edict ( ,nantes1 fir/ plant$ ! grape 

!re2 b x is n c]ta9 :e!r ! v9es came bo?
 f ,p]sia  & f ! ,rh9e1 or only f       
,%iraz4 ,! climate seems !re to  favor !
 culture ( ! grape extremely2 ! soil1   
h[ev]1 appe>s  mo/ unfavorable1 &       
,colebrooke1 9 8 "w on ! condition ( !  
,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ascribes ! e>?y    
ta/e1 :i* makes ! ,cape  w9es           
unpleasant1 to a sub/ratum ( ! soil1    
o!rwise r good1  consi/+ 9 _m places (  
lay]s ( clay & s& t has be5  wa%$ up4 ,&
 :at is n spoil$ by ! soil1 seems to h  
be5  spoil$ by ! indol5ce ( ! ,dut*m51  
or "s o!r disadvantage  ) :i* ! ,african
 c\ntry is curs$4 ,a sort ( fairy-tale  
is told  ( ! totally wrong mann] (      
plant+ ! fir/ v9ey>d2 & /ill  n ev5 !   
example ( ! f> bett] ,con/antia w9e has 
induc$ m5  to make v9ey>ds 9 rocki]     
spots4          ,,iii4    ,,! ,,deg5]ate
 ,,culture ,,( ,,! ,,grape ,,& ,,! ,,art
 ,,( ,,dr9k+ ,,9 ,,*9a4      ,if ! le>n$
 m5 ( ,*9a c be tru/$1 ! grape-v9e mu/ h
  be5 kn[n 9 _! c\ntry m ?an a ?\s& ye>s
 ,b4 ,c4 ,!y ref]  to ?is 9 old books1 !

 8,t%u-ly0 & ! 8,%i-,k+20 b z to !      
latt]1 t seems ev]y:]e to ref] to ! w9e 
made ( v>i\s  gra9s1 :i* is almo/       
exclusively us$ 9 ,*9a4    ,at all      
ev5ts1 x seems to be prov$ by ! mo/     
tru/wor?y witnesses  t rice-w9e is old] 
9 ,*9a ?an ! w9e ( grapes2 = :ile  !    
highe/ age t c be assign$ to w9e is only
 giv5 by !  d\btful te/imony ( ! suppos$
 au?or ( ! 8,t%u-ly10 ,t%u-,kang1  :o   
m\nt$ ! ?rone #aabb ,b4 ,c41 ! inv5tion 
( rice-w9e is set  d[n to ! ,dyna/y     
,hia1 #bbji 7#agaf ,b4 ,c474 ,?is also  
accords )  exp]i5ce else:]e1 = be] (    
v>i\s k9ds 7& ! gra9-w9es  ( ! ,*9ese   
are no?+ else1 except t !y frequ5tly mix
 !m  ) all sorts ( fruit1 includ+       
grapes7 ev]y:]e became !  national dr9k 
9 advance ( w9e1 z br&y & o!r liquors   
foll[  w9e4 ,grape-br&y has1 x appe>s1  
be5 kn[n 9 ,*9a only s9ce !  sev5?      
c5tury ( our era1 b is n[ a favorite    
bev]age ) !  common ,*9am51 & is drunk  
by !m w>m & almo/ z /rong z  alcohol 9  
l>ge quantities1 9 spite ( its v        

unpleasant ta/e4  ,= only a comp>atively
 %ort "t ! grape-culture seems to h     
fl\ri%$ 9 ,*9a4 ,! ,*9ese always h _h _!
 gra9-w9es &  _! br&y m at he>t4 ,!     
inv5tor ( ! rice-w9e 01 x is  true1     
bani%$ by ! ,emp]or ,yu-te1 because he  
well =esaw ! sad  consequ5ces ( its use1
 & yet ! bev]age has kept its place to  
! pres5t day z an ornam5t ( ! ,*9ese    
table4 ,x is l ?is  p1 :o live on no?+ b
 t wat]-plant1 rice1 & tea1 to  cl+ ) ! 
same ob/9acy z !y d to all old ord]s &  
cu/oms1  to ?is bev]age1 :i* is some?+  
betwe5 br&y & wat]1 &  tak5 nei!r hot   
nor cold4 ,^! w9es are said to h a v bad
  effect2 !y fatt5 at fir/1 b !n br+ on 
consumption1 entire  loss ( appetite1 & 
at la/ complete emaciation & dea?4 ,x 0 
natural1 !re=e1 t ! pat]nal ,emp]ors1 :o
 look$ aft] _!  subjects z aft] real    
*ildr51 & 9 ^: laws dietetics always    
play$ a great "p1 %\ld =bid ^! injuri\s 
bev]ages1 &  sev]al ( ! ,emp]ors set !  
good example4 ,! ?ird ,emp]or ( !       
,dyna/y ,mant-%u1 ,yong-,t%5g1 devot$ "o

 ( 8 t5 comm&m5ts to  ?is subject1 & !  
great ,kanghi says 9 8 writ+s t1 despite
  8 pleasure 9 !m1 he nev] became       
accu/om$ to w9e & spirits4  ,at fea/s & 
banquets he only t\*$ x ) 8 lips1 & s   
might  well boa/ ( n dr9k+ any at all4  
,moreov]1 ?is w9e consumes a  great deal
 ( gra91 :i* 9 a d5sely peopl$ c\ntry1  
^: v  exi/5ce dep5ds ^u its supplies (  
gra91 is a matt] ( "s  importance1 s t  
p]haps f ?is high] /&po9t also !re  0   
good reason = ! prohibition4 ,b ! mo/   
important reason  lies deep] /ill1 & 0  
/ill m c>efully consid]$2 & z  ?is      
*iefly conc]ns ! w9e f grapes1 we mu/   
fir/ ca/ ano!r  glance at grape-culture4
    ,we h se5 above t grapes exi/$ ( old
 9 ,*9a4 ,!  j-m5tion$ le>n$1           
philosophical & humane ,kanghi himself  
%[s1  9 8 rem>ks on natural hi/ory 9    
,*9a1 t grapes came to ,*9a  f ! ,we/1 &
 t be=e 8 "t b few k9ds _h exi/$ 9      
,*9a1 & boa/s t he _h s5t = ?ree new    
v>ieties to ,ha-mi1  z he w\ld r        
introduce a new fruit into 8 c\ntry ?an 

build  a hundr$ porcela9 t[]s4 ,he      
obs]ves1 also1 t ^! grapes  deg5]ate 9 !
 s\?1 b d well 9 ! nor? 9 dry & /ony    
soil4 ,! exp]i5ces ( ! mission>ies 9    
,pek91 h[ev]1 7  unfavorable2 ! soil 0  
aga9/ !m1 z well z ! rem>kably r\gh     
climate1 & possibly !y w5t to "w        
awkw>dly 9 o!r respects  also4 ,= x is  
c]ta9 t ^! v s\!rn prov9ces once _h  _m 
grape-v9es1 & ! w9e made 9 ,%an-si1     
,%5-si1 ,pet%e-ly1  ,%antong1 ,honan &  
,hu-,kuang1 put into well-clos$ vessels 
& buri$  9 ! gr\nd1 c\ld be pres]v$ =   
ye>s4 ,?is goes to prove an  obs]vation 
we %all (t5 f9d repeat$1 t aft] a "t !  
mo/  favorable soil no long] suffices = 
! grape1 :i* dem&s a  c]ta9 y\?ful p[] 9
 ! soil 9 :i* x is to fl\ri% mo/        
luxuriantly4 ,9 ! old] & middle ages (  
,*9a we !re=e f9d  ! grape-w9e m5tion$ 9
 all _! songs1 & t ( ! riv]  ,kiang is  
specially prais$4 ,x is kn[n t at       
diff]5t p]iods v9es  7 introduc$ f      
,sam>c&1 ,p]sia1 ,?ibet1 ,ka%g>1 ,turfu 
&  ,ha-mi1 & ! annals !mselves pla9ly   

m5tion w9e "u ! reign  ( ,emp]or ,wu-ty1
 ,dyna/y ,han1 #adj ,b4 ,c4 ,f !re we c 
foll[ up  its use almo/ f reign to      
reign1 & aft] ! already-m5tion$         
,kanghi1 ! la/ dyna/y %[s /ill m rul]s  
:o introduc$ new  grapes f di/ant       
c\ntries1 s t ! s\!rn prov9ces beg9  to 
re/ore _! old grape-culture aga94 ,b !  
grapes 9 ,ha-mi &  ,%an-si seem mo/ly to
 be us$ = rais9s1 & :at we occasionally 
he> ( _! condition 9 ,hoai-lai-hi5--t _!
 b]ries are (  gigantic size1 l plums1 )
 a ?ick sk91 & t _! size  is n s mu* due
 to ! climate z to ! fact t ! v9es are  
graft$ on mulb]ry-trees1 & t !y rip5 z  
e>ly z ,april1 ,may  & ,june--all ?is   
seems highly *>act]i/ic ( a deg5]ate    
culture1  & gives u ! poore/ possible   
op9ion ( ! w9e t might  be made !re4    
,highly1 !re=e1 z ! ,jesuits attempt to 
praise  grape-culture 9 ,*9a1 we c yet h
 b little belief 9 x2 b 9  ! ,middle    
,ages x mu/ h be5 all ! m brilliant4 ,! 
reports  conc]n+ x are1 h[ev]1 wrapp$ 9 
a c]ta9 obscurity1 f  :i* no fact /&s   

out cle>ly4 ,! grape1 x is said1 fl\ri%$
  only too well 9 ,*9a--x caus$ v>i\s   
revolutions4 ,z (t5 z !  ,gov]nm5t _h   
ord]$ ! de/ruction ( su* trees z        
ob/ruct$  ! gra9-fields1 ! useless      
grape-v9e 0 also includ$1 &1 if  memory 
s]v$ ! report]s1 t plant 0 sev]al times 
specially  m5tion$4 ,x is c]ta9 t !     
de/ruction ( ! v9e 9 mo/ (  ! prov9ces1 
"u v>i\s reigns1 0 c>ri$ s f> t ev5 !   
recollection ( x 0 lo/1 & ?is induc$ !  
belief t !  grape _h be5 br\ght to ,*9a 
b rec5tly f ! ,occid5t4 ,x is  pla9 t   
!re 0 always a pret5se put =w>d t !     
grape-w9e  detract$ f ! culture ( !     
gra91 al?\gh1 ) "s c>e1  ! same area    
might probably h yield$ a nobl] bev]age 
?an 0  made ( ! rice & b>ley1 gr[n :]e !
 grape _h be5 root$  out4 ,b !          
intellectual effect ( x 0 evid5tly fe>$4
 ,9 s  regul> a clock-"w z ! ,*9ese     
,/ate1 :at might be m dang]\s  ?an      
irregul> movem5ts s v easily produc$ by 
w9e 9 ! heads  ( p8 ,ev5 ! mak+ ( !     
grape-w9e 0 (t5 prohibit$4  ,:5 t did n 

avail1 its use 0 limit$ to fea/s1       
banquets &  sacrifices1 & to gue/s &    
infirm old age4 ,n en\gh ) ?is1 at  su* 
fea/s a special ,m&>9 0 set ov] ev5 !   
pr9ces ( !  blood to keep wat* ov] & n  
p]mit !m to dr9k m ?an ?ree  glasses4 ,&
 /ill m1 c]ta9 c]emonies 7 prescrib$1   
long  heal?s & salutations1             
circum/antial rites1 at :i* a free-?9k]1
  z ! ,jesuits say1 may laugh1 b 9 :i* a
 philosoph] mu/  admire ! wisdom ( !    
lawgiv]1 & ! subtlety ) :i* he  bani%$  
intemp]ance1 & t injudici\s fre$om (    
spee* :i*  is its insep>able companion1 
f among ! p6 ,we h se5 !  effects (     
gra9-w9e 9 ,*9a4 ,! wise ,emp]or ,kanghi
 compla9s t  x makes "o /upid & dull &  
confuses ! bra94 ,& h[ mu*  m t]rible   
/ill mu/ h be5 ! effect ( ! grape-w9e6  
,?is  is probably meant 9 a c]ta9 book (
 ! ,dyna/y ,t%u1 :]e x is  said 9 w>n+  
explanation ( ! well-f\nd$ appreh5sions 
( !  ,*9ese ,gov]nm5t1 t if a _s (      
rebellion & insurrection 0  !n rife     
among ! p ( ,*9a1 if !y _h lo/ mu* ( _! 

old virtues & pr9ciples1 ! cause ( x mu/
 be s\ght solely 9  ! effects ( w9e4    
,away1 !re=e1 ) t curs$ boldness :i*    
betrays a tongue set free by w9e2 t     
noisy action & damnable  confid5ce 9    
"o's own /r5g?2 t ris+ ( ! _s1 :i* mu/  
h appe>$ to ! le>n$ ,emp]or z synonym\s 
) confusion2  ! impud5t ov]/epp+ ( !    
good old laws ( etiquette2 ! wild       
break+ away f ! good old ruts6 ,h[ %\ld 
n all ?is1 :i*  0 insep>ably connect$ ) 
w9e1 seem to ! philosophical head  ( !  
,/ate 9 8 immovable peace & calmness1 & 
to ! c\ncil  ( 8 m9i/]ial p$ants1       
extremely dang]\s to ! ,/ate1 &  wor?y (
 be+ annihilat$ to ! la/ trace8 ,ne$ we 
be surpris$1  !re=e1 at ! /ories (      
ab/95ce told ( ! ,emp]ors8 ,x 0  _! duty
 to give a good example to ! p4 ,_h n _!
 prophet1  ,confucius1 left ^! words (  
mod]ation--t co>se rice = food1  & wat] 
= dr9k1 & ! curv$ arm = a pill[1 7 en\gh
 =  happ9ess6    ,& ?us ! ,gov]nm5ts (  
,*9a succe$$ 9 e/abli%+1 ev5  9 v e>ly  
times1 a condition ( submissive dec5cy  

ev]y:]e4  ,!y conf9$ w9e to fe/ive      
occasions1 & we le>n f !  8,%i-,k+0 t to
 ! gue/ 0 grant$ ! honor ( ! cup2 ev5   
to him1 h[ev]1 9 b ! sp>e measure t     
*imes ) ! sordid  mis]l9ess ( ! ,*9aman1
 :o c\ld nev] h und]/ood ! art  ( dr9k+1
 if = no o!r reason ?an because he has  
no?+ ( !  lib]ality :i* ! ,ori5t calls !
 8fl[+ h&40 ,!y say 9 a  gue/-song3--   
8,a noble gue/ has come b5ea? our ro(2  
,= him melodi\s tunes 7 play$1      ,s  
long z ?us x pleas$ our gue/1      ,& ) 
! cup ,i s\ght to *e] him4        8,!   
s\nd ( music rang incessantly1      ,&  
ev] 0 ! cup kept full2      ,& 9 our    
honor did he empty x2      ,! w9e 0     
light & pure1 & h>m$ him n40    ,& 9    
ano!r place3--        8,a h>e is roa/+  
on ! spit2      ,a pumpk9 leaf we g to  
pick2      ,a banquet we prep>e our     
gue/1      ,& fill 8 cup ) w9e ! be/40  
,we h se5 f o!r au?orities t w9e 0      
*iefly res]v$ to  old age1 & "h x is    
confirm$3--        8,s]ve r\nd ! circle 
! w9e-cup1 ye be>]s2      ,) ! spic$ w9e

 ! ag$ refre% !m2      ,9 x _! y\? & _! 
vigor reviv+1      ,b y\r own y\? surely
 ne$s no concoction40    ,ev5 at ! fea/s
 :]e w9e 0 p]mitt$1 its use 0 limit$  by
 cauti\s re/rictions4 ,all meals &      
banquets 7 subject$ to  rules (         
etiquette almo/ z rigor\s z ^? :i* !    
,c\rt is  accu/om$ to give its          
ambassadors4 ,! c>eful law is ext5d$ to 
! v prep>ation & s]v+ ( ! vi&s1 &       
ev]y:]e clips  ! w+s ( ! art ( cook+ & (
 dr9k+4 ,if ! ,emp]or ,u-tse  gave 8    
w>riors a banquet to ga9 _! favor1 he   
/ill pres]v$  ! mo/ rigid ord] ( rank 9 
! seat+1 & ! food & !  dr9k2 & ! ,emp]or
 ,tsi-%e-hoang is prais$ = re/or+ ! old 
invitations & banquets1 :]e e s+le      
c]emony took its due  c\rse 9 beg9n+ &  
end1 s t a mode/ & dec5t joy beam$  9   
all eyes4 ,to give a model = dome/ic    
fea/s1 !y ord] public  c]emonies 9 all !
 cities2 ,m&>9s preside at !m2 ! law    
invites s*ol>s & di/+ui%$ citiz5s to !m2
 & "h1 too1  ! rites are prescrib$ d[n  
to ! m9ute/ detail4 ,! *ief object  ( ^!

 fea/s is to signalize m]it1 to pres]ve 
morality1 & !  fri5dly z well z         
conv5tional proprieties4 ,! ,presid5t   
reads al\d  = t purpose1 9 ! "n ( !     
,emp]or1 c]ta9 p>agraphs (  ! law1 !    
introduction to :i* specially calls to  
m9d t !  ga!r+ is n really made = ! sake
 ( ! enjoym5t ( meat  & dr9k1 b to      
revive loyalty to ! ,pr9ce1 & m to !    
same  effect2 & all _! songs & pieces ( 
music h ref]5ce to t4  ,a s+le          
dr9k+-song1 ( some:at m lib]al _s1 ,i   
f\nd 9  ! 8,%i-,k+10 b 9 t ! translator 
may possibly h _h a  l>ge %>e1          
especially 9 reg>d to ! =m4 ,! cont5ts  
are v  *>act]i/ic ( ,*9ese poetry 9     
g5]al1 ^: b>e realism (f]s  a rem>kable 
contra/ to t ( ! ,ori5tals3--           
8,wat]1 ! fre%1      ,is drunk by !     
fi%--      ,! c>ps & ! pikes2      ,&   
ea* noble knight      ,at ! bo>d        
,dr9ks wat] pure & bright4              
8,wat]1 ! fre%1      ,is drunk by !     
fi%--      ,! eels & ! salmon2      ,y  
sad fell[s all      ,at ! bo>d1         

,dr9k1 till = m ye %all call4           
8,wat]1 ! fre%1      ,is drunk by !     
fi%--      ,! p]* & ! b>bel2      ,ye   
good *ums ( m9e      ,at ! bo>d1        
,n[ dra9 ye ! pe>l ( ! w9e4             
8,wat]1 ! fre%1      ,is drunk by !     
fi%--      ,! tr\t & ! m]l92      ,b we 
boys gay & bold      ,at ! bo>d         
,dra9 waves ( ! w9e untold40    ,b1 ev5 
9 _! highe/ ec/asy1 ! brave dr9k]s /ill 
pres]ve a  sort ( calmness2 & if !re is 
any?+ t c be call$ a sob]  intoxication1
 ?is seems to be excell5tly express$ 9 !
 foll[+  v *>act]i/ic song3--           
8,n[ our gue/s are gr[+ tipsy2          
,dec5cy is at an end2      ,sp>ks f out 
_! eyes are d>t+1      ,& ! babbl+      
tongues unb5d4        8,crook$ caps %ake
 back & =w>d1      ,hung b by a s+le    
hair2      ,/iff old legs ! dance are   
try+1      ,ho>se old voices s+ out     
fair4        8,at ! fir/ cup :i* ?\     
dra9e/1      ,did/ ?\ seem trans=m$ to  
me2      ,if ano!r n[ ?\'d/ empty1      
,:olly tipsy w\ld/ ?\ be4        8,truly

 ?\ do/ %ame me sorely2      ,sob] q y  
see ,i /ay2      ,b if ?\ wilt take me  
homew>d1      ,lead me g5tly on ! way4  
8,true1 ?\ lead'/ me into dit*es1       
,b my own head reels at la/2      ,hold 
me by ?y arm support$1      ,by ?y      
pig-tail hang+ fa/40    ,) ?is extreme  
po9t ( dr9k+ ,i w close4 ,?is dull      
intoxication is ab\t :at a w>m gra9-w9e 
w\ld produce1 & fits  ! disagreeable "* 
( ! ,*9ese z well z ! anecdote  occurr+ 
9 ano!r song1 :]e "o ^: invit$ gue/s d n
 appe>  at ! "r "t1 is actually rejoic$ 
to ?9k he may n[ dr9k up  8 w9e alone4  
,! value ( w9e = social enjoym5t c      
sc>cely  be kn[n !re1 :]e conv5tionality
 ties ! tongues1 :]e !re  is a tribunal 
( c]emonies1 & :]e ! tea-kettle is =ev] 
on  ! fire1 :i* among u1 too1 fo/]s only
 embroid]y1 gossip &  n]v\s debility4 ,&
 !n ! gre$y desire = physical enjoym5t  
is ! "o ?+ :i* makes ! ,*9aman love 8   
w9e & 8 spicy  concoctions1 & :i* 9 ?is 
po9t has ev] driv5 him into a           
nev]-be=e-he>d-( opposition aga9/ 8     

,gov]nm5t4 ,h[ dreadful  x is1 h[ev]1 to
 see ^! crude & *ildi% remnants (       
antiquat$  cu/oms mo/ closely knit n[ ) 
! mo/ ref9$ & elaborate  ta/es1 wants & 
habits ?us 9 vogue among ! p1 toge!r  ) 
secret & mo/ p]nici\s vices1 & yet to   
f9d t n a  s+le voice c be rais$ aga9/  
x1 because1 ) ! mo/ subtle  cunn+1 d[n  
to ! v limits ( physical ne$s1 e        
expression (  indignation or ( joy has  
be5 =bidd5 by law6