,illustration3 ,,chambers',s ,,journal  
,,of    ,,popular    ,,literature1      
,,science1 ,,and ,,art4    ,fourth      
,series    ,,conducted ,,by ,,william   
,,and ,,robert ,,chambers4    ,,no4     
#fij4      ,,saturday1 ,,march #ag1     
#ahgg4      ,,price #a;d4          ,,the
 ,,british ,,navy1    ,,as ,,it ,,was4  
,the return of the ,arctic ,expedition  
to this country after many months'      
sojourn amid the ice-floes of the       
mysterious ,polar ,sea1 has once more   
directed public attention to that       
gallant service which has been the      
glory and safeguard of these islands4   
,though unsuccessful in its main object1
 the voyage to the ,north has  again    
brought out in high relief those        
admirable qualities which  are the      
characteristic of ,british sailors2 for 
if devotion to duty1  courage1 skill1   
and endurance could have enabled        
,captain ,nares and his  brave          
companions to plant the glorious old    
meteor flag of ,britain upon  that      

,ultima ,thule of geographers1 the      
summit of the earth1 it would  have been
 braving there the fierce arctic gales  
at this moment4 ,as it  is1 however1    
they have written a brilliant page for  
our island story  that will not soon be 
forgotten1 by carrying forward1 in the  
face of  almost insurmountable          
difficulties1 to the most northerly     
point yet  touched by the foot of man1  
the ,union-jack of ,old ,england4       
,whether the royal navy--for we are     
mainly speaking of the service under    
the crown--will maintain its ancient    
reputation in new circumstances1  is a  
matter of serious concern4 ,the glory of
 the service was achieved  when ships   
were of wood1 and propelled only by the 
winds4 ,and it is  perfectly marvellous 
what was done under these conditions by 
all the  great commanders4 ,things are  
now greatly changed4 ,steam-power is    
relied upon1 along with huge batteries  
moved only by machinery4 ,ships  have   
become a kind of floating factories1    

depending on the skill of  engineers1   
and involving such an immense attention 
to minuti as to be  almost beyond human 
nature4 ,the pluck of the ,english      
sailor remains1 as  is observable from  
the ,arctic ,expedition2 but it is a    
serious question  how far pluck and the 
most brilliant seamanship in a commander
 will be  able to perform deeds like    
those recorded in our naval annals4     
,before1  however1 entering on          
speculations regarding the future 7which
 we shall  do in a subsequent paper71 we
 propose at present to recall to the    
memory of our readers a few of the naval
 deeds performed in past times4    ,the 
,british navy may be said to date the   
commencement of its fame from  the days 
of ,elizabeth1 when1 under the command  
and guidance of such  eminent sailors   
and navigators as ,lord ,howard of      
,effingham1 ,drake1  ,frobisher1 and    
,hawkins1 it accomplished the           
destruction of ,spain's  mighty but     
over-ambitious fleet4 ,up to this       

period1 however1 very  little           
information can be gleaned as to the    
kind of men who manned  our ships1 but  
the principal nurseries of the navy were
 the towns and  villages that lined the 
coasts4 ,this was but natural1 seeing   
that  these places were constantly      
exposed to the fierce attacks of pirates
  and marauders of every description4   
,many of the common sailors were        
natives of ,devon and ,cornwall1 two    
counties that have always possessed  a  
race of men as renowned for their       
strength and courage as they are        
remarkable for their nautical skill4    
,in former days deeds of daring were of 
frequent occurrence amongst  the        
,english seamen1 and may be found duly  
noted in the chronicles of  the period1 
though no reward or incentive to        
courage1 except 7in rare  instances7 a  
small sum of money1 was ever bestowed   
upon the humble  heroes4 ,it is         
recorded1 for instance1 in an old tome  
which gives the  details of the various 

encounters that took place between the  
,english  fleet and the ,spanish        
,armada1 how a common sailor named      
,hampton leaped  from the ,english      
admiral's ship on to the deck of a      
,spanish galleon  which had run         
alongside1 and although he was          
immediately surrounded  by her          
fierce-looking crew1 gallantly          
maintained his ground until the         
grappling-irons were thrown and the     
,spaniard was held fast in the          
death-grip of the ,briton4 ,in the      
struggle he had succeeded in killing    
three men and wounding two officers1 and
 the moment assistance reached  him he  
dashed forward to the mast and hauled   
down the ,spanish ensign4  ,for this    
heroic act the brave fellow received the
 sum of 'three pounds6'    ,in the year 
#afdb we find the officers and men of   
the ,english navy  declaring that they  
were ready with their lives and fortunes
 to  defend and maintain 'the glory of  
,god2 the purity of that religion  which

 is most agreeable to the ,word of ,god2
 the honour1 freedom1 and  preservation 
of his ,majesty2 the privileges of      
parliament1 and the  liberty of the     
subject4' ,this oath did not1 however1  
prevent them from  espousing the        
,parliamentary cause in that great      
struggle which ended  in the death of   
the sovereign they had sworn to         
preserve1 and the  establishment of the 
,commonwealth4 ,at this period many sons
 of noble  families served as common    
soldiers and sailors1 and even the great
 ,monk  7afterwards ,duke of ,albemarle1
 an admiral and general too7 once served
  as a private soldier in the fleet4    
,many signal instances of the courage   
and devotion of the ,english sailor     
occurred during the later wars with the 
,dutch2 but as we have no space  to     
record them here1 we must pass on to    
that more glorious period of  our naval 
history when the greatest sailor the    
world has ever seen1  first breathed the
 air of heaven within our sea-girt isle4

 ,during the  century which intervened  
between ,monk and ,nelson the navy was  
subjected  to varying fortunes1 but was 
ever engaged in doing good service for  
,england in all parts of the world4     
,compared with the monstrous armaments  
of these days1 the fleet which  existed 
in the year when ,nelson was born       
7#ageh7 was astonishingly small  and    
weak1 for it numbered no more than two  
hundred and nine vessels1  manned by    
about forty thousand seamen--the annual 
cost of the whole not  exceeding five   
millions4 ,to recruit these ships1      
however1 all kinds  of tyrannical       
measures were resorted to1 the worst of 
which was the  abominable system of the 
press-gang1 by which the unwary citizen 
was  liable to be entrapped and sent to 
sea against his will4 ,this nefarious   
business was carried on to a very great 
extent1 each ship1 when below  its      
complement1 having the power to send out
 its own press-gang2 and  numerous were 
the deeds of cruelty and oppression to  

which such a  wretched system gave rise4
 ,the spread of enlightenment during the
  present century has naturally put an  
end to this state of things2 and  at    
this moment ,england possesses a fleet  
manned by between eighty and  ninety    
thousand sailors1 who have voluntarily  
chosen a seafaring life  as their       
profession4    ,in those days of        
press-gangs it was not to be wondered at
 that a cruel  tyranny should have been 
practised by most of the officers upon  
those  who were subordinate to them1 and
 the consequences were the mutinies  at 
,spithead and the ,nore4 ,the ,british  
sailor began to feel that it was  time  
his splendid services to his country    
were rewarded with something  better    
than the 'cat-o'-nine-tails1' and the   
blows and kicks of those  whose lives   
were daily1 nay hourly at his mercy1 and
 he resented the  ill-treatment in his  
own manner when it grew too bad to be   
borne any  longer4 ,but even in this sad
 hour of his history ,jack's heart was  

in the right place1 and in the midst of 
revenge1 he exhibited a  chivalrous love
 of justice and fair-play which         
redounded highly to his  credit4    ,at 
,spithead the crew of the ,london       
mutinied1 and ,admiral ,colpoys gave    
the order to the marines to fire down   
the hatchways4 ,the death of some  of   
their comrades so enraged the mutineers 
that they rushed upon deck1  and would  
have made short work of the officers    
7indeed the rope was  already round the 
neck of one71 when the admiral1 stepping
 forward1  told the men that it was he  
who gave the orders to fire1 and that   
those  orders came from the ,lords of   
the ,admiralty4 ,the rope was taken off 
the officer's neck instantly1 and the   
admiral was requested to produce  his   
orders4 ,after a little delay he did so1
 and handed them to the  leading        
mutineers1 who instantly retired to     
deliberate on the question4  ,they      
decided that the admiral only obeyed his
 orders in doing what  he had done1 and 

permitted him and the other officers to 
leave the  ship unharmed4 ,the          
mutineers1 however1 although they       
permitted their  officers to escape with
 their lives1 forfeited their own1 as   
they were  afterwards condemned to be   
hanged at the mast-head4    ,a sketch of
 the ,british navy1 however brief we may
 make it1 would  be incomplete without  
some mention of the life and services of
 that  incomparable commander and       
matchless sailor1 ,horatio ,viscount    
,nelson1  together with a few instances 
of deeds of daring performed by the     
brave  seamen that served under him4    
,brought up in a rough manner upon that 
element which was the cradle  of his    
fame1 and in the midst of wars and      
rumours of wars1 ,nelson's  boyhood was 
passed in sheer hard work1 which nought 
but an enthusiastic  love of his        
profession could have enabled his weak  
and emaciated  frame to bear4 ,yet to   
him is due ,england's proud place as    
mistress of  the seas4 ,his life stands 

out clear and bright upon her annals as 
a  noble example of self-sacrifice and  
unremitting devotion to duty--an        
example which cannot be too often placed
 before the youth of ,britain4 ,a       
stranger to fear and a strict           
disciplinarian1 he was yet generous to a
  fault1 and as sensitive as a woman4   
,his form was of the manliest beauty2   
,his words were kind and soft2          
,faithful below he did his duty4    ,it 
is related of him that he never allowed 
corporal punishment to be  inflicted    
upon a seaman1 except when it was made  
clear to him that it  could not possibly
 be avoided1 and immediately on signing 
the sentence  he would bury his face in 
his hands and weep like a child4        
,perfect sailor and brave man1 he was   
ever the high-minded hero1 and was      
beloved by his officers and idolised by 
his men1 inasmuch that they  were ever  
willing and ready at any moment to die  
for his sake4 ,as an  instance of this1 
it may be mentioned that when the       

,theseus1 a vessel  which had been in   
the mutiny at the ,nore1 joined his     
fleet abroad1  ,nelson1 who had just    
been appointed admiral1 shifted his flag
 to her1  in order that nothing should  
be done to tamper with the dangerous    
temper of the men4 ,one morning1 very   
shortly after he had done so1 a  piece  
of paper1 signed on behalf of all the   
ship's company1 was dropped  on the     
quarter-deck1 bearing the following     
words3 ',success attend  ,admiral       
,nelson6 ,god bless ,captain ,miller6   
,we will shed every drop of  blood in   
our veins to support them1 and the name 
of the ,theseus shall  be immortalised  
as high as her captain's6'    ,one of   
the crew of this ship1 a sailor named   
,john ,sykes1 was appointed  coxswain to
 the admiral's boat2 and when ,nelson1  
with a boat's crew of  only ten men1    
made a night attack on some ,spanish    
gun-boats in ,cadiz  harbour1 this man  
actually saved the life of his great    
commander twice  by warding off with his

 cutlass blows aimed at the admiral1 and
 at last  interposed his own head to    
receive a deadly blow directed at       
,nelson's  life4 ,had ,sykes lived1     
,nelson had determined to make him a    
lieutenant1  for he declared that the   
man's manner and conduct was such that  
nature  must have intended him to be an 
officer and a gentleman4    ,the honour 
of the ,british flag is so dear to an   
,english sailor1 that he  has in many   
instances risked life itself to prevent 
the grand old piece  of bunting from    
becoming the 'property' of the enemy4   
,in one notable  instance an attack was 
made on some shore batteries1 and a     
force of  marines and sailors had been  
landed for the purpose4 ,having found1  
however1 that it was useless to         
sacrifice a number of valuable lives in 
an attempt which had no apparent chance 
of success1 orders were given  for a    
retreat to the boats4 ,at the last      
moment it was observed that a  boat's   
flag1 which had been planted on a       

garden-wall1 as a signal to  the ships1 
had been left behind4 ,a volunteer was  
instantly called for  to fetch the flag 
7which was waving defiantly on the      
breeze right in  front of the enemy's   
works71 and a hero presented himself in 
the person  of a boatswain named        
,m',donald4 ,this intrepid fellow went  
coolly back in  the midst of a heavy    
fire1 seized the flag1 waved it above   
his head1  and then carried it safely   
down to the boats1 where he was received
  with three hearty rounds of cheering  
by his comrades2 and on the boats       
reaching the ships the rigging of each  
vessel was manned in his honour4    ,in 
these glorious days it was more a       
question of men than ships2 yet  had    
,england possessed one-half of her      
present fleet1 she might have  been the 
sole arbiter of the world's destinies4  
,nelson was the type  of a true ,british
 sailor2 and no finer tableau can be    
imagined1 or  one more gratifying to the
 pride of an ancient maritime race1 than

  that scene on board of the ,spanish   
ship ,san ,josef1 when the great        
,englishman1 having captured the vessel 
after exclaiming1 ',westminster  ,abbey 
or victory1' received on the            
quarter-deck of the ,spanish  admiral's 
ship the swords of its officers4 ,behind
 him stood an old  sailor of the        
,agamemnon1 whom ,nelson knew1 and this 
man received the  ,spaniards' swords    
from the admiral and coolly bundled them
 up under his  arm like so many sticks  
of wood1 and within gunshot of          
twenty-two sail  of the enemy's line4   
,nelson's generosity and indomitable    
courage were contagious1 and made a     
hero of every man and boy in his fleet4 
,at ,aboukir he received what was       
thought to be a mortal wound over the   
only eye which he had left2 and  when he
 was removed to the cockpit1 the surgeon
 immediately left the  poor sailor he   
was attending1 to wait on his           
distinguished commander2  but ,nelson1  
though himself still in the hour of     

supreme pain1 waved  the doctor away3   
',no1' said he calmly2 ',i will take my 
turn with my  brave fellows4' ,nor would
 he suffer the wound to be touched until
 all  who had been previously wounded   
were attended to4    ,on the blowing up 
of the ,french ship ,orient at the same 
battle1 the  ,british sailors dragged   
all the drowning ,frenchmen within reach
 into  the port-holes of the ,english   
ships4 ,in this act of humanity in the  
midst of the carnage caused by war1 they
 had been preceded1 however1 by  their  
great captain1 who1 notwithstanding his 
wound1 on hearing that  the ,french     
admiral's vessel was on fire1 rushed    
from the cockpit to the  deck1          
astonishing everybody by his sudden     
appearance1 and ordered the  boats to   
the 'assistance of the enemy4'    ,a    
sailor standing near ,nelson suddenly   
recognised in the sea1 just  beneath the
 bulwarks of the ship1 the face of a    
,frenchman who had  treated him kindly  
while a prisoner of war in ,france1 and 

without the  slightest hesitation1 he   
leaped into the water and seized hold of
 the  drowning man4 ,the lives of both  
would have been sacrificed1 had not     
,nelson1 who had witnessed the brave act
 7without knowing the motive  which     
prompted it71 directed one of the boats 
to the spot4    ,acts of bravery and    
devotion to duty were of course not     
wanting on the  side of the enemy4      
,captain ,casabianca had been wounded by
 a splinter1  and when the fire broke   
out1 his son1 a boy of ten years1       
refused to  enter the boats into which  
the men were crowding1 but stayed beside
  his wounded father1 and with the help 
of one of the officers1 when the  fire  
advanced1 the father and the boy got on 
to a floating mast4 ,they  were seen    
there just before the ,orient blew up1  
but must have sunk  immediately         
afterwards4    ,at ,copenhagen1 ,nelson1
 wishing1 to communicate with one of the
 ships  which had grounded in the       
shallow water1 asked for a volunteer who

 was  willing to undertake the task4 ,a 
dozen sailors stepped forward to do  his
 bidding4 ,one was chosen2 and this man1
 named ,troubridge1 swam the  distance  
between the two vessels notwithstanding 
the storm of shot and  shell which fell 
into the sea on all sides of him4 ,he   
was rewarded for  his brave act by the  
personal thanks of his great commander1 
who shook  hands with him1 and made him 
a handsome present4    ,when ,sidon was 
captured by ,sir ,charles ,napier1 an   
incident took place  which was specially
 mentioned in his despatches4 ,a party  
of sailors  were landed to act against  
the town in conjunction with an         
,austrian  force1 and the ,english flag 
was intrusted for a few moments to the  
care of a sailor named ,hunt4 ,it could 
not have been given into better  hands1 
for the man was a hero1 and directly the
 order to advance was  made1 ,hunt1     
jealous of his country's honour1 and    
seeing the ,austrian  flag-bearer       
hastening forward1 ran a race with the  

latter1 and  succeeded1 after a         
desperate struggle1 and in the midst of 
a terrible  storm of shot1 in planting  
the ,union-jack first upon the ramparts 
of the city4 ,he afterwards received a  
commission for his brave and  patriotic 
act4    ,when that splendid victory at  
,trafalgar was gained1 and paid for at  
such a terrible price1 ,britain may be  
said to have been in the zenith  of her 
glory4 ,neither before nor since has    
,england held such a high  place in the 
councils of the world4 ,trafalgar was   
indeed all her own2  there were no      
allies1 no assistance of any kind1 but  
simply her own  beloved 'wooden walls'  
and her invincible sailors4 ,the        
celebrated  signal which ,nelson ran up 
to his mast-head at the commencement of 
the  action has become a household      
phrase wherever the ,english language is
  spoken2 and wherever1 in any part of  
the globe1 danger is to be met  or      
honour won for ,britain1 the greatest   
incentive to courage and duty  in the   

breast of an ,englishman is the         
knowledge that ',england expects  every 
man to do his duty4'    ,at this battle 
a sailor named ,berryman1 anxious to be 
the first on  board the enemy's ship    
,santissima ,trinidad1 instead of       
boarding her  in the usual manner1      
leaped through the quarter-gallery      
window1 and  found himself face to face 
with the ,spanish officers in council4  
,they  fired point-blank at him1 but he 
was not hit1 and he dashed right        
through their midst1 and rushing to the 
deck instantly began hauling  down the  
,spaniards' flag4 ,he succeeded in his  
brave though rash deed1  but it cost him
 his life4    ,owing to the fact that   
the ,french and ,spanish fleets were    
completely  crushed at ,trafalgar1 no   
foreign country has ever since been     
enabled  to defy the power of ,england  
upon the sea1 and the principal duty of 
the ,british navy has now1 for more than
 half a century past1 been the          
protection of ,english commerce on the  

great ocean highway1 and the            
suppression of the slave-trade4    ,this
 peaceable duty was1 however1 broken    
during the ,crimean ,war1 when          
,england's sailors once more exhibited  
the old spirit1 but failed to  gain the 
opportunities for distinguishing        
themselves which fell to  the lot of    
their predecessors4 ,the ,russian fleet 
was always prudent  enough to keep      
beneath the cover of stone walls1 and   
when these failed  at length to protect 
it1 sooner than risk the loss of a      
battle1 its  commanders sunk it beneath 
the waters of the ,black ,sea4 ,what the
  sailors could not do at sea1 however1 
they did on land2 for instance1  one    
gallant fellow1 ,ferguson1 gained that  
noblest of all distinctions1  the       
,victoria ,cross1 for seizing a         
live-shell in his hands and flinging  it
 over the parapet of the battery        
occupied by the ,naval ,brigade2 thus   
saving many lives at the risk of his    
own4    ,in the face of all obstacles1  

the navy rendered excellent service on  
several occasions1 notably at the       
bombardment of ,sevastopol1 which  it   
soon made too warm to hold the ,russian 
army4 ,the old ,agamemnon  went right in
 beneath the ,muscovite batteries1      
without1 however1  effecting the desired
 result4 ,she was led into position by  
an ,english  merchantman1 whose captain 
volunteered to take the soundings of    
the harbour as the two vessels advanced2
 and this he succeeded in  accomplishing
 under a heavy fire1 which struck down  
all his crew but  one--he being wounded 
himself--and crippled the gallant little
 ship4    ,the officers and crew of the 
,agamemnon exhibited the same noble     
spirit and stern devotedness to duty    
which impelled ,nelson at  ,copenhagen1 
when told that the admiral was          
signalling a retreat1 to  place his     
glass to his blind eye1 and give orders 
to nail his colours  to the mast4       
',thank ,god1 ,i have done my duty6'    
exclaimed ,england's  darling hero1 as  

he lay bleeding to death for her sake in
 the hour of  his greatest triumph2 and 
we may thank ,god too that ,england may 
ever  rest assured1 when the hour of    
danger comes and the war-clouds break   
over her shores1 that her sons will be  
found at their posts1 true and          
steadfast as of yore1 guarding from     
dishonour1 as ,nelson and his brave     
seamen did1 the flag that has 'braved a 
thousand years the battle and  the      
breeze1' and shewing to an astonished   
and admiring world that 'the  path of   
duty is the way to glory4'              
,,the ,,last ,,of ,,the ,,haddons4      
,,chapter ,,xiv4--,a ,,revelation4      
,i was saying a few words to the        
housekeeper1 when one of the maids  came
 running in to tell me that ,miss       
,farrar wanted me in the green  room    
immediately4 ',i am afraid ,miss ,farrar
 is taken suddenly ill1 or  something   
serious has happened1 ,miss2 for she    
could hardly speak1 and  told me to beg 
you not to delay a moment4'    ,lilian  

ill6 ,i hastened up-stairs as fast as my
 feet would carry me4 ,it  was the room 
in which her father had died1 and it had
 been shut up ever  since4 ,i had       
advised her to have it opened and the   
furniture changed1  in order to destroy 
painful associations2 and she had at    
length yielded  to my persuasions4 ,but 
we decided that she and ,i were first to
 give  a last look through the cabinet  
before it was removed1 she having       
resolved to keep that one memento of her
 father in her own room4 ,she  had gone 
on1 and ,i was only waiting to give some
 instructions to the  housekeeper before
 following her4    ,i found her standing
 near the cabinet1 which was open1 with 
her eyes  fixed upon a paper she held in
 her hand1 and looking as though she had
  been suddenly turned to stone4        
,quietly and quickly closing the door1  
and turning the key in the lock1 ,i went
 towards her4    ',what is it1 ,lilian8'
    ,without a word1 she put the paper  
into my hands1 then knelt down before   

her father's chair1 burying her face in 
her hands4 ,i knelt down beside  her1   
and passing my arm round her waist1     
turned my eyes upon the paper4    ,i was
 in a measure prepared for some kind of 
calamity4 ,but this6 ,i read  the lines 
slowly through a second time3           
,i1 ,,jacob ,,farrar1 take ,,lucy ,,reed
 as my lawful wife1 on       this       
twelfth day of ,january #ahci1 at this  
place1 ,dunkeld1       ,perthshire1 in  
the presence of the undersigned         
witnesses4            ,,donald ,,grey1  
,shepherd          ,,peter ,,forbes1    
,hostler4    ,the date ,i knew to be    
three years previous to ,mr ,farrar's   
marriage with  ,lilian's mother2 and    
with that knowledge1 something else     
broke upon me4  ,i myself had left that 
paper in the recess of the cabinet from 
which ,i  had taken the letters and     
little packet4 ,i could even recollect  
having  had a moment's hesitation as to 
whether ,i should take it or not1 when  
,i lifted the papers which lay upon it2 

but it looked so insignificant1  merely 
like a piece of blank paper folded      
together1 that ,i let it  remain4 ,from 
the moment my eyes fell upon its        
contents ,i recognised  that it was of  
vital importance to ,lilian4 ,not a     
moment's doubt as to  its genuineness   
entered my head4 ,mr ,farrar's anxiety  
to have those  papers destroyed was too 
vividly impressed upon my mind4    ,but 
my fear of what that paper might import1
 and my love for ,lilian                
notwithstanding1 ,i strongly resented   
his having endeavoured to make me  an   
instrument to destroy it4    ',help me1 
,mary6'    ,imagining that she was      
speaking in grief1 instead of joy1 ,i   
offered up  a mental prayer for strength
 to help her in the right way1 then drew
  her head on to my shoulder4 ',i will1 
,lilian4'    ',you think it is true8'   
she whispered1 clinging to me4    ,as it
 happened1 we had been lately reading   
about a much-talked-of will  case1 in   
which a great deal depended upon the    

claimant being able to  prove a ,scotch 
marriage2 and both ,lilian and ,i had   
taken sufficient  interest in the       
question to read up the evidence4 ,we   
were therefore the  more startled by the
 discovery of the paper1 and more ready 
to believe  in its genuineness than we  
might otherwise have been4    ',i think 
there may be some possibility that it is
 genuine1 ,lilian1' ,i  hesitatingly    
replied2 grieved as ,i was to say it1   
giving her my real  opinion4    ',ah1   
,mary1 be glad with me6' she ejaculated1
 to my intense surprise2  for ,i still  
did not perceive what was in her mind4  
',how could his child  have doubted     
him6' ,she rose exultant1 adding with   
glowing cheeks and  brilliant eyes3     
',can ,i ever be thankful enough for his
 sake6 ,no more  shame for me6 ,be glad 
with me1 ,mary4'    ',i will1 dear1' ,i 
returned1 still a little bewildered at  
her joy1  'when--when ,i am quite sure  
there are good grounds for being glad4' 
',grounds8 ,do not you think it is      

genuine8' she asked eagerly4 ',look at  
the dates--and names too4'    ',yes2 ,i 
think--perhaps it may prove so4 ,the    
signatures are in different             
handwritings3 it certainly looks like a 
genuine document1' ,i said  stupidly2   
'but'----    ',there must be no buts6   
,don't you see1 dear slow darling that  
you  are1 this proves ,papa to have been
 an honourable gentleman1 and takes  the
 shame of his wrong-doing from his      
child8 ,was not my shame greater  than  
hers1 if he had wronged her mother8'    
,i saw now4 ,but ,i saw too that another
 thing of terrible import to  herself   
had not occurred to her4 ,after a few   
moments' reflection1 ,i  said3 ',will   
you wait here five minutes for me1      
,lilian8 ,i must send off  a letter ,i  
have written1 to save the next post2 but
 ,i will be back in  five minutes4' ,i  
really had a letter to send--an order to
 a ,london  tradesman1 which the        
housekeeper wished to be attended to2   
but ,i should  not have thought of it at

 that moment1 had ,i not been seeking   
about in  my mind for an excuse for     
leaving her a short time4    ,she looked
 not a little surprised2 but replied3   
',of course ,i will wait1  if you wish  
it1 ,mary4'    ',promise me1            
,lilian--promise me that you will not   
leave this room until  ,i return8'      
,she gravely promised2 and ,i hastened  
from the room and down-stairs1  my pulse
 beating tumultuously4 ,hurriedly       
throwing the letter on to  the hall     
table1 ,i turned into the morning-room1 
where ,marian ,reed was  practising a   
new song4 ,i was so far fortunate as to 
find her too much  occupied to notice my
 agitation1 which must1 ,i think1 have  
been very  evident in my face4 ,i found 
it difficult enough to command my       
thoughts1  much more the expression of  
my face4 ,she did not notice my entrance
  into the room1 and that gave me a few 
moments to gather courage and  decide   
how ,i could best lead up to the subject
 ,i wanted to introduce4  ,i could think

 of no better way than putting a direct 
question4 ,catching  up a piece of      
,lilian's dainty embroidery1 which lay  
in her work-basket1  and putting in a   
few random stitches1 in the hope that it
 might appear  as if the idea had       
suddenly occurred to me whilst ,i sat   
working1 ,i  asked3 ',i suppose you have
 no recollection of your mother1 ,miss  
,reed8  ,had she dark hair and eyes like
 your own--have you heard8'    ',ma8 ,o 
yes2 ,i recollect ,ma perfectly well1   
,miss ,haddon4 ,her eyes were  just a   
shade lighter than'----    ',some people
 have such wonderful memories4 ,i have  
heard of people  recollecting things    
which occurred when they were quite     
babies1' ,i  put in2 trying to speak    
lightly1 as ,i dragged the needle       
through and  through1 to the utter      
destruction of ,lilian's delicate work4 
',but ,i wasn't a baby when ,ma died1   
you know4'    ',about two years old1 ,i 
suppose8'    ',no2 ,i was over five when
 ,ma died1 ,miss ,haddon4'    ',you must

 be mistaken1 ,i think4 ,i recollect    
your aunt saying that you  were quite   
young--almost a baby1' ,i returned1     
bringing the words out  slowly and      
heavily4    ',well1 five is almost a    
baby1 isn't it8'--turning on the        
music-stool to  look at me4    ',but ,i 
think you must be mistaken in fancying  
you were as old as  five4 ,you could not
 have been much over two years and a    
half1 or  three--perhaps three1' ,i     
pleaded4 ,if what ,i feared was true1   
was ,i not  pleading for the good name  
of ,lilian's mother8    ',well1 ,i do   
think ,i ought to be allowed to know    
best about that1 ,miss  ,haddon4 ,i am  
over twenty1 and ,ma has been dead      
fifteen years4' ,then  she added1 with  
what was meant for satire3 ',but if ,i  
can't be believed  about it1 there's the
 register of my birth and ,ma's death to
 be found1  ,i suppose2 and it may not  
be all stories on her tombstone1 which  
,i must say ,pa spared no expense about4
 ,it's in the churchyard at  ,highgate1 

where ,ma was staying for change of air 
when she died1 if you  would like to go 
and see it4'    ,i folded the spoiled   
work carefully together1 methodically   
replacing  it in the basket1 first      
square1 then corner-wise1 as ,i tried to
 gather  up my scattered wits and       
prepare my face for ,lilian's eyes      
again4  ,fortunately1 ,marian ,reed     
flattered herself that she had for once 
succeeded in putting ,mary ,haddon down1
 and was in spirits accordingly1        
singing away at the top of her voice    
again4    ,i quitted the room1 and      
slowly made my way to the green chamber1
 where  ,lilian was waiting for me4     
',well1 ,mary6' she ejaculated1 turning 
a smiling happy face towards me  as ,i  
entered2 'have you come to set your     
prisoner free1 madam8'    ',yes1' ,i    
replied1 stupidly gazing at her4        
',what makes you look at me like that1  
,mary8'    ',how do ,i look8' ,i        
replied1 with an attempt at a smile4    
,but her fears were aroused4 ',is it    

anything about this8' she anxiously     
asked1 looking down at the paper in her 
hand1 and then into my face4    ',i--,i 
have been thinking the matter over1     
,lilian1 and--,i should like to  ask    
some one's advice4'    ',some one's     
advice8--,about this1 dear8' turning it 
over in her hand1  and then giving a    
wondering look at me4    ',i mean as to 
its genuineness1 ,lilian4'    ',i do not
 understand4 ,these names are plain     
enough1 and you thought  just now'----  
',oh1 any one might have written these  
names without the document being  a     
binding one1' ,i said1 catching at any  
hope4 ',to be legal1 it must  have been 
signed in ,scotland1 you know2 and there
 is no proof that it  was4'    ',but you
 hope--,mary1 do not you hope that it is
 genuine8'    ',i do not quite know what
 to hope1 dearie1' ,i replied1 with a   
would-be  careless air4    ,in her utter
 unconsciousness of the cause of my     
uneasiness1 she could  not account for  
my want of sympathy1 looking at me in   

some surprise4  ,then1 after a few      
moments' silence1 she said in a low     
grave voice3 ',i  know what to hope1    
,mary4 ,i heartily hope that ,marian's  
mother may have  been righted4'    ,not 
once did it occur to her that it might  
be at the expense of her own  mother4   
,how she would act when the whole truth 
broke upon her1 remained  to be seen4 ,i
 could not tell her whilst there seemed 
a thread of hope  to cling to2 and ,i   
tried to persuade myself that my fears  
as to the  genuineness of that paper    
might yet prove to have been groundless4
    ',i think the best plan will be for 
me to write to ,mr ,wentworth1 and  ask 
him to advise and assist us1 ,lilian4   
,he will be able to ascertain  whether  
this is a bon fide document1 and        
represents a real marriage  or not4 ,and
 until that is done1 ,i strongly advise 
you to say nothing  about having found  
the paper4'    ',dear ,mary1 do you     
think there is so much necessity for    
secrecy about  it8'    ',i do indeed1   

,lilian4' ,then1 seeing that she still  
demurred 7it  seemed to her only natural
 and right at once to make known the    
discovery of the paper1 be the          
consequences what they might71 ,i added1
  diplomatically3 ',i think it would be 
wiser not to raise ,marian's hopes      
until you are quite sure they will not  
be disappointed4 ,it is a case in  which
 disappointment might be very terrible  
for her4'    ',yes2 of course it would3 
,i did not think of that4 ,you are quite
 right1  dear cautious old darling that 
you are2 and ,i will obey you1 though ,i
  do not myself fear disappointment4'   
',then it is understood that for the    
present it is to go no further2 and  ,i 
will at once write to ,mr ,wentworth1   
inclosing him a copy of this2'  taking  
the paper from her reluctant fingers4   
',you will be very careful of it1 ,mary8
 ,recollect how much depends'----    ',o
 yes2 it will be safe enough1' ,i       
hurriedly replied1 only anxious to  make
 my escape before she could change her  

mind4    ,once in my room1 with that    
paper in my own possession1 ,i very     
quickly  had my nerves under command1   
and was ready for business1 sitting down
  to write my letter with a clear head  
and firm hand3    ',,my ,,dear ,,mr     
,,wentworth--,in looking through a      
cabinet of her  father's1 ,lilian just  
now found the original of the paper     
which ,i  have copied1 and inclose4 ,she
 sees in it only the vindication of     
,marian's mother1 and rejoices          
accordingly4 ,unknown to ,lilian1 ,i    
have  questioned ,marian as to her age  
when her mother died4 ,she insists  that
 she was over five years old1 and that  
her mother has been dead  only fifteen  
years4 ,if this be so1 and this document
 is genuine1 it  is not ,marian's mother
 who has been wronged2 and the former   
will be  righted at the expense of our  
,lilian4 ,you and ,i know that right    
will  be done1 be the cost what it may  
to her4 ,i need not say on which side   
my sympathies are4 ,i have not much     

hope2 but hasten to send the paper  for 
your consideration1 and beg you to act  
for her4 ,please go first to  ,marian's 
aunt1 ,mrs ,pratt1 ,green ,street1      
,islington2 and make sure about  the    
dates of ,marian's birth and her        
mother's death before you take  measures
 to prove the validity of the marriage4 
,i do not apologise for  asking this of 
you4 ,to do our best for ,lilian is a   
real privilege to  you and me1 and ,i   
know that it is not necessary to beg you
 to lose no  time4'    ,a telegram was  
handed to me that night at              
tea-time--',,robert ,,wentworth  to     
,,miss ,,haddon--,letter received1 and  
,i am at work4' ,i shewed it to         
,lilian1 who returned it to me with a   
nod and smile4    ,dear old ,mrs ,tipper
 looked somewhat surprised and ,marian  
curious2 but  surprised and curious they
 had to remain4 ,meantime the suspense  
was  terrible to me2 ,i was so restless 
and unlike my ordinary self1 that ,i    
could do nothing1 even in the way of    

occupying only my fingers4 ,in my       
discomfort ,i was impolitic enough to   
offend ,marian ,reed as ,i had not  yet 
done4 ,the very sight of her irritated  
me1 and her imperfections  seemed more  
glaring than ever4 ,i think ,i should   
have grudged allowing  her credit for   
having a single good quality4 ,a very   
slight event  brought my indignation to 
a climax4    ',that is ,lilian's box1'  
,i sharply exclaimed1 as she turned the 
key in  a little ,indian box on one of  
the tables1 and was turning over the    
contents4    ',i want some more of that 
purse-silk she gave me yesterday to     
finish  this chain with1' she carelessly
 replied1 as she continued her search   
roughly1 or it seemed roughly to me in  
the frame of mind ,i was just  then1    
turning over ,lilian's dainty little    
belongings4 ,i was rude enough  to take 
the box from beneath her hands and lock 
it and take the key  out4 ,i am ashamed 
to say that ,i was even conscious of    
feeling some  little gratification at   

arousing her anger4    ',well1 ,i never6
 that's a polite thing to do6' she      
angrily ejaculated4    ,it was a very   
foolish thing to do2 and on reflection1 
,i knew that it  was2 but for a moment  
it was very pleasant1 and ,i persuaded  
myself that  it was almost necessary as 
a safety-valve to my spleen--to prevent 
a  more decided exhibition of my        
feelings4    ,when presently ,lilian    
entered the room1 ,marian inquired in an
 injured  tone why she was not permitted
 to take a little more of the silk which
  had been so freely given yesterday4   
,lilian looked surprised4 ',there is not
 the slightest reason why you  should   
not1' she replied1 unconsciously taking 
the box up from where ,i  had placed it1
 and begging ,marian to help herself4   
',thank you1 dear4 ,i knew you would not
 be ill-natured1' said ,marian1  with a 
toss of the head and triumphant glance  
towards me1 as she placed  the box upon 
her lap and recommenced rummaging4    ,i
 was rightly punished for my little     

display of temper2 although ,i was      
aware that ,marian would not consider my
 punishment sufficient4 ,it was  an     
offence to be looked over for the time1 
but not forgotten as a thing  forgiven4 
,however1 as ,robert ,wentworth affirms1
 it may be just as well  that ,i should 
be occasionally taken down a little2 and
 my lesson did me  some service in the  
way of making me more careful for the   
future4          ,,the ,,good           
,,templars4      ,who has not heard of  
the ,good ,templars1 and the wonderful  
success of an  ,order which bids fair to
 rival ,freemasonry1 and is already     
established  as an ,institution in the  
country8 ,the history of an organisation
 which1  within a few years1 has        
enrolled within its ranks some two      
hundred  thousand persons in ,england   
alone1 can scarcely be without interest1
  even to those who may sympathise but  
slightly with its object or its  method 
of operation4    ,the almost universal  
desire to see some more efficient means 

adopted to  check our national curse1   
intemperance1 and to promote true       
sobriety  among the people1 must be our 
excuse for believing that every reader  
of  this ,journal will care to know     
something about the rise and progress   
of this remarkable movement4 ,we        
propose1 therefore1 to give our readers 
a brief sketch of the history and       
principles of the ,independent ,order   
of ,good ,templars1 the members of which
 are all pledged to personal  abstinence
 from all intoxicating drink1 and who   
are also associated  together with the  
avowed object of promoting the ultimate 
and universal  suppression of the liquor
 traffic1 on the ground that its        
continuance  is incompatible with the   
social and moral well-being of the      
community4    ,good ,templary took its  
rise in the state of ,new ,york as long 
ago as  the year #ahea2 and its         
ramifications spread far and wide       
throughout  the ,canadian ,dominion1    
where our troops founded a branch called

 the  ',templar ,sons of ,mars4' ,but it
 was comparatively unheard of in this   
country until #ahfh4 ,a year or two     
earlier1 a young man named ,joseph      
,malins had left ,birmingham to settle  
in ,philadelphia1 where he became       
connected with the ,order4 ,for domestic
 reasons1 ,mr ,malins was compelled  to 
return to ,england2 and having1 soon    
after his return1 conceived the  idea   
that ,good ,templary was capable of     
being made exceedingly useful in  his   
native country1 he resolved to do his   
best to establish a 'lodge'  in         
,birmingham2 which was accomplished with
 considerable difficulty  on the #hth   
,september #ahfh4 ,it was uphill work1  
for so slow were the  teetotalers of    
,england to welcome the ,american       
importation1 that twelve  months of hard
 work saw only four 'lodges' formed1 the
 total membership  not exceeding a      
hundred persons4    ,the second year of 
the new society was also one of slow    
progress2  but ,mr ,malins1 who had now 

become the ,grand ,worthy ,chief        
,templar of  ,england1 and to which post
 of honour he is annually re-elected1   
never  despaired of ultimate success1   
and with the usual characteristic       
perseverance of an ,englishman1 'kept   
pegging away' until his end was         
attained4    ,at the last annual meeting
 of the supreme governing body in       
,england1 it  was reported that on the  
#ast ,may #ahge there were three        
thousand five  hundred and seventy      
'lodges1' containing one hundred and six
 thousand  eight hundred and twenty-five
 male2 and sixty-one thousand six       
hundred  female members2 or a total of  
one hundred and sixty-eight thousand    
four hundred and twenty-five2 which has 
now increased to more than two  hundred 
thousand members4 ,these statistics1    
however1 do not include  ,scotland1     
,ireland1 and ,wales4    ,having thus   
stated the numerical strength of the    
,order1 we will  furnish a brief outline
 of the principles which form the basis 

of its  government4    ,every candidate 
for membership must give a solemn pledge
 of total  abstinence from all          
intoxicating drink1 together with a     
promise to do  all in his power to      
promote the cause of temperance2 another
 clause in  the obligation being1 that  
he will not only take no part in        
knowingly  injuring a fellow-member1 but
 will1 if he is in distress1 grant him  
such assistance as will enable him to   
tide over his difficulties4 ,in  this   
respect the ,order is identical with the
 principles of freemasonry1  which seek 
to bind man to his fellow-man with ties 
of love and  gratitude4    ,the title of
 ',good ,templars' was chosen by the    
founders of the ,order  as analogous to 
that of the ',knights ,templar' of the  
,crusades2 thereby  indicating the stern
 and unrelenting nature of the moral war
 which was  to be carried on against the
 supporters of the liquor traffic4      
,among the few preliminary tests to     
which candidates have to submit is  an  

inquiry as to whether they believe in   
the existence and power of  ,almighty   
,god as the ,supreme ,ruler and         
,governor of all4 ,a committee  of      
inquiry having reported on the          
eligibility of a candidate1 and  the    
ballot on his admission being           
favourable--four black balls being      
sufficient to reject him--he is         
initiated with an impressive ceremonial 
of some twenty minutes' duration1 and   
thus becomes invested with the  rights  
and privileges of membership4           
,singing and prayer form a principal    
part of the initiatory ceremonial1  the 
additional exercises being extempore1 at
 the discretion of the  chaplain of the 
lodge1 or else according to certain     
prescribed forms  contained in a book of
 ceremonies known as the 'ritual' of the
 order4  ,a password is framed          
quarterly1 which enables a member to    
pass the  door-keepers1 whose business  
it is to prevent the admission of       
non-members at the weekly session of the

 lodge2 and while the lodge is  sitting1
 each member wears the insignia of the  
order1 the use of which  in public      
demonstrations is compulsory upon no    
one4 ,a probationary  term of three     
months qualifies the new member for the 
second degree of  the ,order1 and a     
further term of three months to the     
third2 certain  privileges1 such as     
eligibility to sit in district or grand 
lodges1  being contingent upon the      
attainment of the higher degrees4    ,a 
subordinate lodge may be formed of any  
number of members not less  than ten1   
and each office is equally available to 
the male and female  members4 ,within   
certain prescribed limits1 each lodge   
can1 by its  by-laws1 fix its own rate  
of subscription1 minimum age of         
candidates1  c42 while it has absolute  
control over its funds1 using them for  
the  promotion of temperance principles 
in whatever way seems best to the       
majority4 ,each lodge reports its       
numerical strength and other details    

once a quarter to the district lodge    
with which it is connected1  and at the 
same time pays a tax of about twopence  
per member to the  district lodge1 to   
the sessions of which it has the right  
of choosing  representatives in         
proportion to the number of members for 
whom the  tax is paid4 ,those who have  
worthily filled certain offices in a    
subordinate lodge1 are also deemed      
qualified to sit in the district  lodge1
 but not with the power to vote as      
representatives4    ,there are about    
seventy district lodges in ,england1    
most of which have  for their boundaries
 the limits of a county electoral       
division1 such as  ,east1 ,north1 and   
,south ,devon1 c4 ,there are also many  
,good ,templars on  board our           
men-of-war1 or in seaports much         
frequented by seamen of the  royal navy2
 and these naval lodges are formed into 
a district1 of which  ,captain ,phipps1 
,r4,n4 is deputy4    ,each district     
lodge has a presiding officer bearing   

the title of  ,district ,deputy2 and the
 control of the business of the ,order  
in the  district is vested in an        
executive chosen by the lodge1 subject1 
of course1 to the votes of the          
representatives at the quarterly        
meeting4 ,from the several district     
lodges1 representatives are chosen  to  
sit in the chief governing assembly for 
,england1 and which is  known as the    
,grand ,lodge4 ,the last meeting of this
 body was held at  ,newcastle-on-,tyne  
during ,easter-week #ahgf1 and was      
presided over by  ,mr ,malins1 the      
,grand ,worthy ,chief ,templar of       
,england1 who is the only  paid officer 
of the order4 ,his salary1 or rather an 
annual grant in  recognition of his     
great services 7for it has to be voted  
every year71  is five hundred pounds4   
,on the occasion in question the        
representatives  or committee men at    
,grand ,lodge numbered between five and 
six hundred1  and as the sitting was    
public so far as the members of the     

,order were  concerned1 the capacity of 
the town-hall at ,newcastle was tried to
 its  utmost4 ,the session occupied four
 days1 during which a vast amount of    
business was done in connection with the
 ,order1 and many suggested             
improvements discussed4    ,in #ahge1   
,hengler's ,circus1 ,london1 was used   
for the meeting of ,grand  ,lodge1 and  
was filled to overflowing2 while in     
#ahgd1 ,st ,george's ,hall1  ,bradford2 
,colston ,hall1 ,bristol1 in #ahgc2 and 
the ,corn ,exchange at  ,preston in     
#ahgb were crowded in like manner4 ,but 
the assembly of each  succeeding year   
surpasses that which has preceded it    
both in numerical  strength and         
interest4    ,the internal affairs of   
the ,order are carried on during the    
year by  an executive council of eight  
members1 aided by a weekly consultation 
committee4 ,the offices of the ,grand   
,lodge occupy a prominent position  in  
the centre of ,birmingham2 and a        
considerable staff of clerks is         

required to conduct the enormous        
correspondence continually going on     
with every part of the country1 and to  
despatch temperance literature  and     
other matters requisite to carry out the
 business of district  and subordinate  
lodges4 ,to meet the cost of this       
establishment and  other outlay1 each   
district lodge remits a small quarterly 
tax1 based  upon the number of the      
members under its direction4 ,scotland  
and  ,ireland have each ,grand ,lodges  
with subordinate machinery similar  to  
that of ,england4 ,wales has two such   
organisations1 one for the              
,english-speaking1 and the other for the
 ,welsh-speaking portion of the         
community4    ,each state in ,north     
,america has also its ,grand ,lodge1 as 
also has  ,canada1 ,quebec1 ,australia1 
,new ,zealand1 ,india1 c42              
representatives  from which meet yearly 
under the designation of the ',right    
,worthy ,grand  ,lodge4' ,the last      
sitting of this supreme body was held in

 ,louisville1  ,kentucky1 during the    
month of ,may last year4 ,there are     
about sixty  ,grand ,lodges in all4     
,since the order was introduced into    
this country1 ,mr ,malins has had  the  
satisfaction of seeing the organisation 
for which he has done so  much extended 
to ,holland1 ,germany1 ,france1         
,portugal1 the ,mediterranean1  ,china1 
,japan1 ,ceylon1 ,africa1 ,india1       
,australia1 ,new ,zealand1 ,british     
,guiana1 ,barbadoes1 ,british ,honduras1
 ,bermuda1 the ,argentine ,republic1    
and many other places too numerous to   
mention4    ,the statistical returns    
from the several districts in ,england  
are being  compiled1 and it is          
understood that they shew satisfactory  
progress  so far as they have yet been  
examined4 ,some idea of the work which  
is being carried on by the ,independent 
,order of ,good ,templars may be        
gathered from the following particulars1
 gleaned from one of the annual         
,reports3 ',each lodge meets weekly1 and

 over twenty thousand public  meetings  
were held during the year2 an average of
 nearly seventy a day4'    ,of the      
,english members of the ,order1 about   
one half are estimated to  have become  
teetotalers on joining the order1 the   
rest having been  abstainers previously2
 while careful inquiries shew from      
twelve to  fifteen thousand as the      
probable number of the ,queen's subjects
 who  have been reclaimed from a life of
 intemperance4 ,there is also a         
juvenile branch1 in which over fifty    
thousand children are enrolled as       
members4    ,foremost among the         
questions which now agitate this        
remarkable society  is that of the      
proposed admission of the negro to the  
rights and  privileges of a ',good      
,templar4' ,grand ,lodge is believed to 
be in favour  of his admission to the   
,order2 though it is scarcely to be     
wondered at1  perhaps1 that many        
,templars should find themselves at     
variance with  their leaders on this    

subject4 ,we think1 however1 that ,good 
,templary  would be ennobled by         
acknowledging the rights of man all over
 the  world1 be his colour what it may1 
to participate in any movement which    
has for its object the moral and social 
improvement of mankind4    ,all honour  
and success to such a glorious movement 
for the benefit  of the human race6 ,of 
the incalculable good which has already 
been  bestowed upon thousands of        
families by the beneficent exertions of 
these ,good ,templars it is impossible  
to speak2 but its influence has  been   
felt throughout the land as if it were a
 message from ,heaven  itself2 while the
 ramifications of such a society in all 
parts of the  world1 even though it fail
 to stamp out the demon of intemperance1
 will  surely at least mitigate the     
evil1 and institute a beneficent medium 
of charitable intercourse between man   
and man4 ,again we say1 all honour  and 
success to such a glorious movement for 
the benefit of the human  race4         

,,porcelain-,,painting4      ,painting  
on porcelain has for some years past    
made such progress  amongst the         
amusements of fashionable life1 that the
 homely joys  and destiny obscure of    
those who toil for a livelihood in this 
department of the useful arts acquire a 
new interest4 ,in the group of          
,staffordshire 'pottery towns1' as they 
are called1 which lie within a  mile or 
two of each other1 and are connected by 
the somewhat exclusive  system of the   
,north ,staffordshire ,railway1 not far 
from the beautifully  wooded conical    
hill of ,cocknage1 and at an easy       
walking distance from  ,trentham ,hall1 
the magnificent seat of the             
',leveson-,gowers1' in one of  the most 
charming silvan districts of ,england1  
is ,longton1 formerly  called ,lane-end1
 with its picturesque and quiet suburb  
of ,dresden4  ,in ',burslem1' ,hanley1  
,stoke1 and ,longton itself1 the        
atmosphere may  not be quite so pure as 
one could wish2 but to find a bright and

  translucent atmosphere requires but a 
slight exertion4 ,from ,stoke to        
,newcastle-under-,lyme1 and thence to   
,woolstanton1 or to ,chesterton and     
,silverdale1 or to ,trentham--by        
,longton pool1 shining like a mirror  in
 front of the handsome ,hall1 or by cool
 sequestered ,blurton1 with  its quaint 
churchyard and umbrageous trees--the    
wayfarer passes along  lanes of         
unrivalled beauty3 in summer by         
rose-clustered cottages1 and  meadows   
where the youthful ,archie ,lovel may   
have gathered kingcups  and daisies2 and
 in the clear cold days of winter1 by   
hedges jewelled  with red berries4      
,although in back slums of these towns1 
and amongst the dissipated1  the pallid 
father1 wan mother1 and emaciated child 
may1 as elsewhere1  be occasionally seen
 creeping home2 amongst the thrifty and 
orderly1  no such lugubrious picture is 
presented2 but as a rule one sees       
healthy-looking men and women1 and      
rosy-cheeked urchins of the  true       

,english type4 ,indeed the beauty of    
delicate features and  intelligence of  
expression1 combined with physical      
vigour1 are marked  characteristics of  
the whole district1 and such as a       
stranger would not  be led to expect4   
,while my metaphorical tent was pitched 
near a pretty  little rivulet at        
,dresden1 my visits to the neighbouring 
towns and  places of beauty or interest 
were frequent1 both in winter and       
summer2  and ,i had consequently the    
best opportunities of inspecting these  
busy hives of industry1 which have so   
marvellously sprung up from the         
original germ-thought of one man1       
,josiah ,wedgwood1 whose brain-labour   
has set all these hands in motion4      
,it would be out of place to enter into 
a fully detailed account of the         
manufacture of the various wares known  
by the generic name of china2  but a few
 particulars may not be unnecessary1 as 
an introduction to  the special process 
of embellishment4 ,most of us are       

familiar with  the earlier difficulties 
in the plastic processes--from the      
potter's  wheel to the mould--with which
 ,wedgwood had to contend4 ,we know the 
components of the superior wares1 and   
have at length discovered the  ,chinese 
secret--that it is the ingredient of    
bone-dust which imparts  the            
semi-transparent quality2 while the     
properties of the shining  surface are  
well understood2 therefore it is with   
the bisque1 or  unglazed ware that we   
shall commence1 after it has been       
withdrawn from  the bottle-shaped oven  
to the dripping-house4    ,in this      
latter department1 the fresh-baked ware 
is immersed in a  silicious solution1   
and thence conveyed1 in bandbox-shaped  
seggars1  to the 'glost' 7glaze7 oven to
 be fired4 ,but should it be desired to 
ornament it with printed paper patterns 
laid upon the surface1 this  is effected
 before it is dipped4 ,the ware is now  
fired until the  glaze becomes          
transparent2 after which it is removed  

to the 'glost'  warehouse1 where the    
various articles are assorted by        
classification1  and then transferred to
 female artists skilled in the          
'stencilled  ground-laying1' as the     
process is locally termed1 of the       
metallic  colours1 each of which is     
brought to a perfectly uniform tint with
 a  'boss' or pad4    ,passing from     
their hands to the kiln1 the ware is    
again fired1 after  which it is         
transferred to the fair 'paintresses' 7a
 local word71 whose  superior           
intelligence1 or taste1 qualifies them  
to embellish it with  what they call    
'enamel' paintings of birds1 flowers1   
and other familiar  objects4 ,it is then
 fired for eight hours2 and finally     
transferred to  the gilders and         
burnishers1 who1 with their agate       
implements1 bring the  process of       
ornamentation to its last stage4    ,but
 before this has been arrived at1 many  
busy heads have been at work  in the    
selection of materials and in their     

manipulation2 for in the  work of       
ordinary painters and 'paintresses1'    
rapidity of execution1 as  well as      
artistic dexterity1 is required in order
 to earn a livelihood4  ,on an average1 
one penny is the price allowed for the  
central floral  pattern of an ordinary  
plate--such as a pink-rose with buds and
 leaves1  a convolvulus1 or any other   
simple flower4 ,each colour must be laid
 on  with firmness and precision2 and   
where the light is to fall1 as on the   
convex petal of a rose1 the effect must 
be produced by a rapid touch  of the    
finger removing the colour4 ,with a     
convolvulus1 however1 it may  be        
remarked1 the colour is dashed on       
rapidly1 and with each dash the         
hair-pencil is swept to a point1 more or
 less fine1 according to the  style of  
flower2 and with blue flowers           
especially1 the rule well  known to     
watercolourists in painting an azure sky
 is never departed  from4    ,the bisque
 or unglazed ware is now but seldom     

embellished with  painting1 for colours 
are found to have little brilliancy on  
its porous  surface2 consequently1 this 
kind of ware is chiefly used where form 
alone is the paramount consideration4   
,in the manipulation of metallic        
colours1 the superior porcelain-painter 
has to calculate the ultimate effect    
with the same care as the fresco  or    
destemper painter2 and yet it is        
surprising how limited is the fame  of  
those who decorate our drawing-room and 
dessert ware with their  artistic work1 
in which a few masterly touches in birds
 and flowers1  figures and landscapes1  
give life to the cold clay2 for with    
certain  exceptions these artists are   
not allowed even to add their initials  
to  their work4    ,considerable nicety1
 only to be acquired by practice1 is    
requisite in  mixing the metallic       
colours2 and for this purpose spirit of 
turpentine1  combined with a thick oil  
obtained from exposure to the air for a 
certain length of time1 of ordinary     

turpentine 7called fat71 is used2  but  
should more body be required1 tar is    
added4 ,the mixed colour  is then       
applied to the porcelain in the same    
manner as in ordinary  oil-painting1 but
 with one marked and important          
difference1 namely1  that in porcelain  
painting the colour must never be       
worked1 but must  be applied with a full
 brush1 carried with a clean and precise
 sweep  to lighter gradations of tint4  
,thus1 the greatest depth of colour     
indicates the first impact of the full  
charged brush4 ,inattention to  this    
dominating rule would be productive of  
clogginess and opacity4    ,lastly1 the 
brush or hair-pencil does not seem to be
 regarded as of  such importance as one 
would imagine by the ordinary artists of
 our  'pot-banks2'#a and it is not a    
little surprising1 even to one long     
accustomed to the use of the pencil1 to 
observe with what dexterity  the most   
apparently intractable tuft of hair on  
the end of a quill can  be brought into 

subjection by those who can get no      
better1 and whose  living depends upon  
their ingenuity4    ,various kinds of   
brushes are used4 ,fine lines are       
expressed with a  very long-haired thin 
camel-hair2 while ordinary subjects are 
readily  mastered with a medium size4   
,but for more careful and minute work1  
such  as heraldic-painting--as less     
liable to clog--the mounted sable 7,no4 
#a1  #b1 or #c7 is the best4    ,having 
satisfied myself that to a certain      
extent the art of painting  on porcelain
 may be readily acquired by any one of  
ordinary  intelligence2 its niceties1   
like those of wood-engraving or any     
similar accomplishment1 are nevertheless
 to be learned only by long  practice4  
,the mere application of colour within  
prepared outlines is  often supposed to 
constitute 'the art of painting1' and   
there can be  no doubt that1 according  
to dictionary definition1 it is         
painting2  but as there is no art in it1
 so is there no credit due to the       

purely mechanical action of the         
painter's hand4 ,as an amusement1 where 
practised on artistic principles1       
porcelain-painting might1 amongst       
amateurs1 lead to pleasing results2 but 
to 'take it up' merely as a  fashion of 
the day is scarcely worth the trouble1  
and would be of  comparatively little   
benefit to those who contribute         
materials4    ,,footnotes3    #a ,china 
and earthenware manufactories in        
,staffordshire are invariably  called   
,banks4          ,,the ,,strong-,,minded
 ,,woman4    ,,in ,,two                 
,,chapters4--,,chapter ,i4      ',do you
 mean to go to the ,woman's ,rights     
affair1 ,earle8' asked one  young man of
 another from out a cloud of smoke4 ,the
 two were sitting  one evening in       
,december in the smoking-room of        
,wilfred ,earle1 a rising  young artist 
of the modern school of figure-painters4
    ',yes1 ,i do1' replied the one      
addressed1 a fine-looking man of some   
five-and-thirty years1 with thoughtful  

dark-blue eyes1 a good forehead1  from  
which the curly brown locks were        
departing fast1 and a fine tawny  beard 
and moustache4 ',i shall go out of mere 
curiosity though1 for of  all offensive 
articles1 to my taste a strong-minded   
woman is the worst4  ,just imagine the  
horrible bore of being tied for life to 
a woman who  travelled about the country
 spouting on woman's rights6 ,as if all 
women were not tyrants by nature1       
without developing the art into a       
system4 ,ugh6' and ,earle shuddered4    
',i should like to see your ideal woman1
 ,earle1' said his companion4  ',you are
 such a fastidious fellow4'    ',well1  
,i suppose every man has some sort of   
ideal2 mine is a very  vague one4 ,i    
should not like a heroine of romance1   
but a comfortable  everyday wife4'      
',to darn your stockings1 let you smoke 
all over the house1 give you  good      
dinners2 eh8'    ',that's rather a low  
standard1 my good fellow4 ,if that were 
everything1  why not take a             

good-tempered domestic servant8 ,no1 ,i 
should like my  wife to be intelligent  
at least2 if not intensely intellectual1
 well  read1 graceful1 feminine4 ,i     
don't mind so much about beauty4 ,i can 
get  paid models when ,i want them4 ,one
 thing she must have--some sense of     
humour4 ,that's what ,i complain of in  
these spouting females--they are  so    
grimly in earnest6 ,in short ,i want a  
jolly1 unaffected1 sensible  girl1 who  
will believe in me1 make my friends     
welcome1 my house  comfortable1 and be a
 pleasant companion to me after hard    
work4 ,that's  what my ideal comes to1  
,jack--not a very lofty one after all4' 
',i don't know but that the clever women
 make the best housewives after  all1'  
remarked ,roberts1 puffing thoughtfully 
away4 ',my brother now--he  married a   
girl just because she was a sweet1 soft1
 amiable little  thing2 thinking that   
after knocking about the world a good   
deal1 he  should like a quiet           
comfortable home4 ,he was not violently 

in love  with ,amy1 but had a notion of 
settling down to domestic life4 ,well1  
she turned out the most incapable idiot2
 is given over to nerves1  hysterics1   
all sorts of fancies2 cries when he's   
out after ten1 faints  if he finds fault
 with her4 ,it isn't her fault--there's 
no vice in her2  she hasn't the stuff in
 her1 that's all4 ,my sister ,maude1    
again--you  remember her1 ,earle8'      
',yes4 ,a fine girl2 lots of go in her4'
    ',rather too much1 we thought4 ,she 
was a bit of a flirt--but as clever  as 
she could be4 ,well1 she married a      
quiet1 steady-going fellow we all  said 
she would henpeck4 ,i tell you1 ,will1  
they are a model couple6  ,maude makes a
 splendid wife1 and it's the pleasantest
 house to stay  in that ,i know4 ,the   
husband always says the clever women are
 the  cleverest all round4'    ',well1  
it's time we were off4 ,let's postpone  
the discussion sine die4'           99  
99       99       99       99           
,shortly after the foregoing dialogue1  

,wilfred ,earle and his friend  found   
themselves in the midst of a pretty     
considerable number of people  entering 
the doors of a certain ,literary        
,institute in one of the ,surrey        
suburbs of ,london4 ,the audience was   
mostly composed of well-dressed  people2
 but there was also a tolerable         
gathering of trades-people and  artisans
 in the back of the room4 ,earle and    
,roberts took their seat in  a corner of
 one of the windows1 intending to be    
unobserved2 but they  soon perceived a  
little lady1 of a lively appearance1    
with bobbing gray  curls and very small 
hands1 which she kept in perpetual      
motion4 ,one of  these hands--incased in
 an exquisite glove--was waving and     
beckoning  to them in an agitated       
manner4 ,simply bowing in return was no 
avail1  the waving got more energetic1  
and ,earle perceived he would have to   
obey the summons4 ,the little lady was  
not going to lose the chance of         
catching even an incipient lion2 and    

,earle was a rising man1 and was        
beginning to be talked about4           
',bother it6' he murmured2 'there's that
 bore1 ,mrs ,de ,lacy6 ,i shall have  to
 go to her4 ,she is the most persistent 
woman ,i know1 and the most  crotchety4 
,i believe woman's rights and wrongs are
 her latest craze4  ,come along1        
,roberts1 and protect me4'    ,so the   
two men made their way to the front row1
 where sat ,mrs ,de ,lacy  and her      
satellites4 ,as for ,mr ,de ,lacy1 no   
one ever thought about him4  ,he was    
,mrs ,de ,lacy's husband1 and did very  
well at the foot of the  table at       
dinner-parties1 offering good wine to   
his guests4 ,this1 by the  way1 was the 
sole point where he dared act           
independently4    ,mrs ,de ,lacy was a  
rigid teetotaler1 as well as a          
spiritualist1  mesmerist1               
anti-vaccinationist1 phrenologist1 all  
the rest of it--a  woman of theories2   
worked upon by every novelty1 and the   
easy prey of  any plausible adventurer4 

,she had her virtues1 shallow1          
conceited1  egotistical as she was4 ,she
 was kind-hearted and benevolent1 only1 
unfortunately1 her benefactions were    
generally wrongly directed4    ',here   
you are at last1 naughty man6' she      
cried1 giving ,earle both her  hands at 
once1 to his no small embarrassment1 as 
he did not know what  to do with them1  
and would gladly have passed one on to  
,roberts1 who  was trying to hide a     
smile4 ',what have you to say for       
yourself8 ,i am  very1 very angry with  
you6'    ',indeed6 ,i am deeply grieved6
 ,what have ,i done now1 ,mrs ,de       
,lacy8'    ',need you ask8 ,pray1 how   
long is it since you were in ,pembroke  
,terrace1  sir8'    ',you must really   
forgive me4 ,i have been very much      
pushed with  finishing a commission     
picture4'    ',well ,i will on two      
conditions1 grant you pardon4'    ',pray
 name them4'    ',one is that you dine  
with us to-morrow2 to meet--but ,i won't
 tell you  whom4'    ',is that a        

punishment8 ,it is a very merciful one4'
    ',ah1 you have not heard the second 
condition4 ,mr ,de ,lacy is foolish     
enough to want to have a portrait of my 
poor faded face1 and ,i only  agreed on 
condition that you painted it4'    ,it  
was as much as ,earle could do to keep  
up an expression of  complacency4 ,he   
could not refuse2 but it was no light   
penance to  him--who disliked mere      
portrait-painting at the best--to be    
condemned  to make a picture of ,mrs ,de
 ,lacy's little foolish face4 ,however1 
he  consented1 as he could not well get 
out of it4    ',now that is settled1'   
continued the lady1 'sit down here and  
be  charmed4 ,stay2 ,i do believe you   
are one of the unconverted--of the old  
school in that respect1 though your     
pictures are of the new4 ,well then1    
prepare to be converted4 ,i shall give  
you up for ever if you are not          
enchanted with my ,silvia4'    ',your   
,silvia6 ,may ,i ask who she is8'       
',look at your prospectus1 sir3 ,miss   

,stirling will address the  meeting4'   
',and is ,miss ,stirling your ,silvia8' 
',yes2 to be sure4 ,she is staying with 
me1 and---- ,oh1 ,i have let  out the   
secret of whom you are to meet6 ,she is 
the dearest1 most  delightful---- ,hush6
 ,it is time to begin4 ,the chairman is 
rising4 ,now  allow your stubborn soul  
to yield4'    ,earle felt at once amused
 and annoyed4 ,he savagely determined to
 detest  ,mrs ,de ,lacy's ',silvia4'    
,the chairman made a few introductory   
remarks2 then another gentleman1  who   
persisted in talking of 'females2' then 
a certain ,mrs ,leighton1 who  spoke    
well and pleasantly1 as even ,earle     
could not but acknowledge4  ,she did not
 say anything strikingly new2 but her   
manner was easy and  ladylike1 and she  
was sensible and straightforward4       
,when she had sat down1 the chairman    
rose and announced that3 ',miss         
,stirling will now make some remarks on 
another aspect of the  question--on the 
effects that the extension of the       

franchise to women  might be expected to
 produce on the community4'    ,earle   
had identified ,miss ,stirling with a   
tall slight figure sitting in  the      
background4 ',now for a display of      
extraordinary self-possession1'  he     
thought4    ,the lady came forward      
simply1 but not with that air of        
coolness which  he looked for4 ,miss    
,stirling might be six or seven and     
twenty4 ,she  was handsomely and        
becomingly dressed in rather a          
picturesque style1  though not in the   
least outr1 in black velvet trimmed with
 gray  fur1 made very plainly1 and      
falling in heavy graceful folds round   
her  slender figure4 ,a black velvet hat
 and long gray plume suited her  face to
 perfection2 and that face1 ,earle could
 not but acknowledge1  was a striking   
one4 ,it was perhaps not actually       
beautiful1 though the  deep soft brown  
eyes and the sweet curved mouth were    
undeniably so2  but full of character1  
and womanly withal4 ,what struck ,earle 

most1 as  being least expected1 was the 
perfect simple unconsciousness of her   
manner4 ,she was nervous2 that was plain
 enough2 her hands trembled1 her  colour
 was high1 and she spoke rather         
falteringly at first2 but there  was a  
noble directness in her honest open     
glance that said volumes  for the       
simplicity of her motive4 ,she evidently
 spoke not to display  her powers nor to
 impress herself upon her audience1 but 
because she  had a love for and belief  
in the cause she was advocating4 ,after 
speaking a minute or two1 ,miss         
,stirling threw off her nervousness4    
,her  voice--a singularly pleasant one1 
with the intonation of a well-bred      
lady--strengthened and grew animated2   
her words were well chosen and  to the  
purpose4 ,each one told1 and yet there  
was not the slightest  oratorical       
display or straining after effect4      
',very well done4 ,yes2 very well1'     
thought ,earle4 ',but ,i should like  to
 see her at home1 if such an exploded   

word forms part of a  strong-minded     
woman's vocabulary4'    ,there was a    
slight good-humoured sarcasm and irony  
underlying the  seriousness of ,miss    
,stirling's speech1 if speech it could  
be called1  which prevented it from     
becoming wearisome1 and no one was      
anxious for  her to bring what she had  
to say to a close4 ,she ended amidst    
quite a  storm of applause4    ,mrs ,de 
,lacy turned to ,earle in a high state  
of delight3 ',now1 ,mr  ,earle1 what do 
you say to her8 ,surely1 surely you are 
converted now4'    ',to what1 ,mrs ,de  
,lacy8'    ',oh6 to--to--woman's right  
to the suffrage4'    ',i did not doubt  
before that she had a right to the      
suffrage4'    ',did not you8 ,well1 now1
 ,i thought you were an enemy to woman's
  progress4'    ',i assure you1 you     
thought quite wrong4'    ',really6      
,well1 then1 what is it you object to8' 
',i have an objection--a very decided   
objection--,i own1 to women  speaking in
 public1' said ,earle emphatically4     

',hush1 hush6' breathed ,mrs ,de ,lacy2 
and turning round1 he saw ,miss         
,stirling close behind him4 ,she must   
have heard him2 and indeed a slight     
arch smile told him she had4    ',mrs   
,de ,lacy1' she said quietly1 'are you  
ready8 ,if you are1 would you  be so    
kind as to let me go now8 ,i have such a
 headache4'    ',to be sure1 dear       
one6--,good-night1 you bad prejudiced   
man6' she  whispered to ,wilfred4       
',remember to-morrow4'    ,earle watched
 the velvet dress out of the doorway1   
admiring the  graceful walk of its      
wearer1 and then he and his friend      
returned  through the cold foggy streets
 to their respective homes4           99
       99       99       99       99    
,the next evening1 when ,wilfred entered
 the ,de ,lacy's drawing-room1  he found
 a party of about twenty persons        
assembled4 ,the room was  furnished1 as 
might be expected from the character of 
its mistress1  in a heterogeneous and   
peculiar manner--a little of every      

style1  marking different periods of    
taste4 ,mrs ,de ,lacy herself was       
bobbing  about in the excited way that  
always reminded ,earle of a canary-bird 
hopping from perch to perch--a          
resemblance heightened by the cap  with 
yellow ribbons and feathers she wore1   
perched jauntily on one  side4 ,after   
having paid his addresses to the host   
and hostess1 his  eye involuntarily     
sought for ,miss ,stirling2 she sat     
rather behind the  rest1 and was well   
dressed as on the previous evening4 ,her
 costume was  of silk1 of a cloudy      
aquamarine colour1 with square-cut      
bodice4 ,her  hair1 coiled up in a large
 knot1 was adorned with natural flowers2
 the  bracelet and necklet she wore were
 of plain dead gold4    ',she looks     
uncommonly well in evening dress1'      
thought ,earle2 'not much  of the       
coat-and-waistcoat style there6 ,what   
finely formed arms and  shoulders4 ,i   
should like to paint her4'              
,ponderous1 stiff-looking ,mr ,de ,lacy 

bore down upon him and whispered        
mysteriously3 ',you are to take ,miss   
,stirling in to dinner4 ,come and be    
introduced4'    ',but isn't she rather  
formidable8' remonstrated the artist4   
',formidable6 ,dear no2 one of the      
pleasantest girls ,i know4'    ,in      
another minute ,earle found himself part
 of the procession filing  down to      
dinner1 with a shapely hand upon his    
arm4 ,after his remark of  last night he
 felt unaccountably ill at ease1 and was
 racking his brain  for something to    
say2 for ',i daren't talk weather to a  
strong-minded  woman1' he thought2 but  
when they were seated at table she      
relieved him  by saying in her          
straightforward way3 ',are you ,mr      
,earle the artist8 ,mrs  ,de ,lacy runs 
on so fast one does not carry away clear
 ideas from her4'    ',yes1 ,i am4 ,you 
did not hear then that ,i am pledged to 
paint her  portrait8'    ,as he spoke he
 made so rueful a face that ,miss       
,stirling laughed  outright1 but checked

 herself1 saying with compunction3 ',it 
is not nice  of me to laugh at my       
hostess6 ,and she really has been very  
kind to me4'    ',o yes1 she is         
good-natured enough6 ,still--in this    
instance allow me to  say--the          
obligation is more on her side than     
yours4'    ',why8 ,i don't see that4'   
',have you not found out then1 yet1 that
 our friend has a weakness for          
collecting celebrities at her house8'   
',but then ,i am not one2 so that does  
not apply4 ,i suppose1' she added1      
looking up at him with an arch          
expression1 he was quite ashamed of     
finding most winning1 'that accounts for
 you being here6'    ',do you really    
mean you do not consider yourself a     
celebrity8' he asked  rather            
sarcastically4    ',i don't say what ,i 
don't mean1' she answered coldly4 ',you 
think1 ,i  suppose1 whenever a woman    
speaks in public it is to shew herself  
off8'    ',so you bear me a grudge for  
the unlucky speech you heard last       

night8'    ,miss ,stirling coloured4    
',it is small of me to be vexed1 ,i     
know1' she  said1 after a moment's      
pause1 in her frank direct way2 'but we 
get a  good many snubs1 you must know1  
and we--or ,i1 rather--are stupid enough
  to feel somewhat sensitive4'          
',well1 please to forgive me4 ,i spoke  
principally out of contradiction  to    
,mrs ,de ,lacy4'    ',but you did       
disapprove4 ,i saw it in your face4 ,i  
believe most of  your countrymen share  
your prejudice4'    ',my countrymen8    
,what6 are you not my countrywoman8'    
',i was born and bred in ,america4 ,my  
mother is an ,englishwoman2 and we  came
 over seven years ago1 when my father   
died4 ,so you did not detect  the       
,yankee twang1 then8'    ,earle was     
taken aback4 ,this young lady seemed    
determined to unsettle  his old         
prejudices4 ,if there were one thing he 
disliked more even than  a strong-minded
 woman1 it was an ,american4 ,she was   
both1 and yet he  found it hard to      

dislike ,silvia ,stirling4    ',an      
,american6' he said4    ',yes2' and she 
smiled at his expression4 ',isn't that  
dreadful8 ,almost  worse than public    
speaking6 ,i see ,i am lost in your good
 opinion4'    ',miss ,stirling1' ,earle 
said honestly1 ',i won't conceal from   
you1 even  if ,i could1 that ,i have a  
prejudice against women taking part in  
public  affairs2 but ,i am quite willing
 to have it dispelled4 ,i must tell you 
too1 that though ,i came last night to  
scoff1 ,i ended by admiring4'    ',you  
are not flattering me8'    ',indeed ,i  
am not4 ,you are the last woman ,i      
should dare to flatter6'    ,the        
beautiful clear eyes fell under his     
earnest gaze1 and the colour  rose into 
her face1 which ,earle thought at that  
moment almost a perfect  one4    ,after 
a pause she said3 ',now1 ,i think that  
both men and women  would get on better 
if they helped each other more on common
 ground4  ,the sense of superiority on  
your side produces aggressiveness and   

self-assertion on ours4 ,why not leave  
off quarrelling about who is the  best1 
and agree to be different and yet       
friends8'    ',people say friendship is 
incompatible between men and women4'    
',people talk a great deal of nonsense1'
 she said a little positively3  ',i have
 several men-friends4'    ,somehow      
,earle felt nettled at this assertion1  
and would gladly have  done battle with 
all these disagreeable men-friends at   
once4 ,he only  said1 however3 ',i hope 
one day to be happy enough to make one  
of them2  but meanwhile1 how am ,i to   
see you again8'    ',are you not coming 
to paint ,mrs ,de ,lacy8' said ,silvia1 
with her eyes  on her plate1 but the    
faint trace of a smile on her lip4 ',i  
am staying  here1 you know6'    ',to be 
sure6' he cried eagerly2 ',i forgot     
that4 ,i'll come to-morrow and  begin4  
,but after you leave here8'    ',we live
 at ,eaglemore ,gardens1' she said      
simply4 ',i will be glad to see  you1 if
 you like to call4'    ,this calm       

invitation slightly astonished ,earle2  
he forgot that in  ,america young ladies
 receive visitors in their father's     
house4    ',thank you1' he got out in   
some confusion4    ,silvia seemed to    
read his thought4 ',my mother too1 ,i   
daresay1 will be  glad to see you2 but  
,i suppose you have very little time for
 calls1'  she said haughtily4    ,he    
recovered himself4 ',you are very1 very 
good1' he replied4 ',it would  be the   
greatest pleasure to me4'    ,for a few 
minutes there was a trace of stiffness  
in her manner1 but it  soon passed away2
 and the rest of the time they spent at 
the table was  taken up with animated   
talk on all sorts of subjects4    ,in   
the drawing-room up-stairs there was    
music2 and very soon ,mrs ,de  ,lacy    
pounced upon ,silvia1 who was           
comfortably ensconced in a corner  with 
,wilfred4    ',dear child1' she cried1  
'it is your turn now4 ,don't waste more 
time on  converting that prejudiced     
mortal4'    ,silvia looked a little bit 

annoyed1 and getting up quickly1 moved  
to  the piano1 while ,mrs ,de ,lacy     
murmured3 ',sweet girl6 ,always so      
obliging6'    ,wilfred stood behind her4
    ',what shall ,i sing8' she said1    
half to herself1 looking round4    ',you
 have ,love and ,death there1 ,i see1'  
,earle said1 stooping down4  ',please1  
not that4'    ',why not8 ,it is a great 
favourite of mine4'    ',so it is of    
mine4 ,that is the reason ,i didn't want
 you to sing it to  all these people4   
,some day ,i shall ask you for it4'     
,without replying1 she put the ,sands o'
 ,dee before her and sang4    ,earle    
waited almost breathlessly for the first
 note4 ,he was  passionately fond of    
music1 and he felt somehow as if an     
untrue or  unsweet note from ,silvia    
,stirling would have jarred him more    
than  he could bear4 ,but the voice and 
the manner of singing satisfied  his    
fastidious ear absolutely4 ,the sympathy
 which made her face so  interesting    
thrilled in the pathetic tone of her    

voice1 and ,earle had  never been       
affected by music before as he was now  
by her rendering of  this simple song4  
,as she rose from the piano1 she raised 
her eyes a moment to his3 that  strange 
meeting glance that strikes down into   
the soul1 and in which  thought seems to
 answer thought1 passed between them    
like a revelation4  ,it was only an     
instant1 but it was a momentous one to  
each4    ,wilfred ,earle walked home    
through ,dreamland4 ,he was fascinated  
past  control1 and yet was angry with   
the fascination1 and half wished for    
the spell to be broken4 ,what strange   
fate had attracted his life  suddenly   
towards this other1 against whom all his
 prejudices revolted8  ,why did those   
clear eyes haunt him so8 ,had he1 after 
all his sham  fancies1 struck on the    
true vein of love8 ,was this love1 or   
only  a half-willing fascination1 that  
had changed the face of the world       
to-night8    ',this is too absurd6' he  
exclaimed angrily4 ',here ,i have met   

just  with what ,i most disapprove of--a
 public speaker and an ,american1  and  
,i can't get rid of the idea of her6 ,i 
must go to-morrow and be                
disillusionised4'          ,,on ,,waste 
,,of ,,life4      ,what is our life     
given us for8 ,if this inquiry were     
addressed to each  one of our           
acquaintance1 what curious diversities  
of opinion would be  evinced by the     
replies1 differing as they all would    
according to the  various               
characteristics of each individual4     
,some would say their lives  were given 
them for enjoyment1 and by their actions
 lead one to believe  that they value   
them exactly in proportion to the amount
 of pleasure  they can obtain4 ,others1 
again1 seem to think life is a necessary
 evil1  which must be endured with      
philosophy and resignation2 and to these
  it never appears to occur that there  
is a higher purpose in life than  merely
 to exist4    ,a few there are--but     
these are unhappily very few--who regard

 life as a  precious gift1 every moment 
of which it is their bounden duty to    
turn  to good account4 ,to these last1  
the waste of life they see around them  
is perfectly inexplicable1 and many are 
the quiet unobtrusive efforts  they     
make1 amongst their own acquaintance1 to
 lead them to take higher  and nobler   
views of the duties of existence4 ,this1
 however1 is a most  thankless and      
generally most useless task4 ,if the    
wish for superiority  is not implanted  
by nature1 it is almost impossible to   
supply the  deficiency by art or        
argument4 ,those who are content to     
spend their  lives in idleness and      
frivolity1 can seldom be persuaded to   
alter their  mode of life by the most   
powerful logic that can be used4    ,the
 present age no doubt can boast of      
greater progress in science  and        
learning than can be claimed by the past
 generation1 and yet it  cannot be      
denied that the wish for mental         
superiority1 and the industry  necessary

 to attain it1 is only possessed by the 
comparatively few1  and that far too    
many persons are content with a kind of 
dead-level  of existence--without       
ambition or desire to excel in any way4 
,it is  nevertheless true1 and a fact   
for which we ought to be thankful1  that
 the means for intellectual cultivation 
are now more than ever  within the reach
 of all1 and are eagerly taken advantage
 of by vast  numbers2 that schools of   
art1 music1 science1 c4 are established 
in  many places1 and every encouragement
 given to study4 ,and yet there are     
hundreds who voluntarily and            
systematically neglect every            
opportunity1  and are content to spend  
their lives in ignorance and            
uselessness4    ,it is curious to note  
the line of demarcation that always     
seems to  exist between those who       
habitually waste their lives and those  
who  endeavour to redeem the time1 and  
are ambitious of cultivating and        
improving their talents to the utmost of

 their opportunities4 ,the  former often
 allude to the latter with a kind of    
pitying scorn1 and  declare that 'life  
would not be worth having1 in their     
opinion1 if they  had to spend it in    
that way4'    ,there is also a numerous 
class of persons who appear to consider 
that  intellectual pursuits1 and a      
desire to excel in them1 ought to be    
left  to those who prefer to spend their
 time in such 7to them7 laborious  and  
uninteresting occupations1 and that     
there is no law1 human or  divine1 which
 requires them to fulfil the duties of  
existence in any  other way than that   
which is recommended to them by their   
own frivolous  inclinations4 ,their     
argument is probably one which they     
consider  unanswerable--namely1 that    
their parents 'got on very well without 
all  those ideas1 and why should not    
they4'    ,certainly1 if living day     
after day in one hum-drum round of      
existence1  without one spark of        
ambition1 or one idea elevated above the

 most  ordinary intelligence1 can be    
called 'getting on1' such persons       
succeed  admirably4 ,surely1 however1   
the promptings of ,nature are sufficient
 to  prove that life is given us for    
some better purpose than to be spent  in
 contented ignorance and mental         
inactivity1 or in a hollow round of     
gaiety and amusement8    ,many times we 
have been surprised by an observation or
 a wish from  one who1 to all outward   
appearance1 was entirely devoted to a   
life of  uselessness and gaiety1 without
 a thought beyond4 ,by that one remark  
or  wish1 a gleam of light is thrown    
upon the inner workings of the mind1    
and we cannot help regretting that in so
 many cases these promptings to  do     
something different from their ordinary 
life--these first symptoms  of          
intellectual life and activity1 first   
sparks of ambition1 which  would1 if    
carefully fanned1 develop into a passion
 for excellence  and utility1 should so 
often be quenched by the fear of the    

ridicule  and discouragement that they  
will inevitably meet with in the world4 
,nothing causes so great an isolation   
from human companionship as a           
consciousness of mental superiority4    
,the sources of enjoyment and  interest 
to some are weariness and disgust to    
others whose aims are  higher1 and whose
 thoughts are deeper1 and who regard    
life as a gift to  be spent in noble    
labour1 and in improving the talents    
,god has given  them4    ,how often do  
we witness the sad spectacle of a mind  
deteriorated  by indulgence and weakened
 by excess and frivolity2 the saddest   
kind of waste of all6 ,how often does   
one see in one's own circle of          
acquaintance the vigour of the intellect
 gradually declining under the  adverse 
influences brought to bear upon it8 ,but
 here the grave question  ought to arise
 in our minds3 ,have we had anything to 
do with this  deterioration8 ,has our   
want of sympathy and encouragement      
accelerated  the fall of the lofty      

edifice8 ,could we not by timely advice1
  encouragement1 and perchance by the   
much-needed assistance1 have saved  the 
tottering pillars of the mind from      
crumbling into dust at our  feet8 ,let  
us remember that we have two important  
duties in life that  we ought to fulfil3
 one is1 to cultivate the intellect to  
the utmost  extent in our power2 and the
 other1 to guide1 assist1 and encourage 
any who1 less fortunate than ourselves1 
may be struggling under want  of        
sympathy1 want of advantages1 and       
consequent depression4 ,mental          
cultivation increases our appreciation  
of every enjoyment of life4 ,the  more  
educated the mind1 the greater our      
appreciation of higher forms of         
enjoyment4 ,with what a different eye1  
for instance1 does the botanist  look   
upon the beauties of nature1 to the     
country farmer1 who has no  idea beyond 
the probable price of wheat at the      
coming harvest6 ,how  interesting to an 
entomologist the various forms of insect

 life1 which  are regarded with apathy  
by those who are ignorant of their ways 
and  habits4 ,a cultivated mind renders 
its owner independent of many of the    
outward circumstances of life2 and if   
his time is spent in useful and         
elevating pursuits1 its tranquillity    
will be less disturbed than in the  case
 of those who are dependent upon        
exterior amusements4 ,an aim in  life   
makes ennui a thing unknown4    ,it     
seems scarcely necessary to remark that 
this part of our argument  applies only 
to those whose circumstances have placed
 them above the  necessity of manual    
labour4 ,we each have our duties in life
 to fill  according to our different    
stations2 and it would be as wrong and  
absurd in the tradesman1 clerk1 or      
mechanic to insist on spending the      
whole of his time in intellectual       
pursuits and scientific studies1 as  it 
is for those who perhaps have the       
greater part of the day at their  own   
disposal1 to waste its precious hours in

 uselessness and idleness4  ,at the same
 time1 it redounds greatly to the credit
 of those whose  avocations allow them  
but little time for self-culture1 that  
the few  leisure moments they have are  
in numerous cases devoted to useful     
study4          ,,lion ,,kings1         
,,queens1 ,,and ,,trainers4      ,the   
craving for excitement which shews      
itself in so many grades  of society1   
and under such manifold forms--some     
innocent and some  vicious--is          
strikingly displayed in connection with 
exhibitions of  wild beasts4 ,there is  
eagerness to see them because the       
animals are  savage and dangerous in    
their native forests and jungles2       
eagerness  to know how far they can be  
tamed when caged2 still more eagerness  
to  watch the perilous exploits of those
 performers who assume the majestic     
designations of lion kings and queens4  
,the training of wild beasts for        
exhibition purposes is an art requiring 
much patience and discretion to insure  

success4 ,the trainer commences  by     
feeding the animal from the outside of  
the den or cage2 then  ventures to      
enter1 keeping his face steadily towards
 the animal1  and avoiding any violence4
 ,rough usage is abstained from as much 
as  possible1 as it rouses the 'dormant 
demon' in the creature4 ,lions like     
tickling and stroking1 and may be       
tickled into submission when they  could
 not be compelled4 ,an old trainer once 
said3 ',to get a lion to lie  down and  
allow the trainer to stand on him1 is   
difficult4 ,it is done by  tickling the 
beast over the back with a small whip1  
and at the same  time pressing him down 
with one hand4 ,by raising his head1 and
 taking  hold of the nostril with the   
right hand1 and the under lip and lower 
jaw with the left1 the lion by this     
pressure loses greatly the power of  his
 jaws2 so that the man can pull them    
open1 and put his head inside  the      
beast's mouth4 ,the danger is1 lest the 
animal should raise one of  his forepaws

 and stick his claws in the venturesome 
trainer4 ,if he  does1 the man must     
stand fast for his life till he has     
shifted the paw4'    ,about sixty years 
ago1 when ,ballard's ,menagerie was     
halting on the road  one night near     
,salisbury1 a lioness escaped from one  
of the caravans1  and before she could  
be recaptured1 attacked and tore one of 
the  horses of the ,exeter mail2 but she
 was recaptured nevertheless1 by  the   
coolness and daring of the keepers4     
,soon after this1 ,ducrow1 the          
accomplished equestrian1 engaged        
,atkins's lion1 tigress1 and hybrid     
cubs as an additional attraction to his 
circus4 ,this achievement of  rearing   
the progeny of a lion and tigress was   
much talked of at the  time4 ,the novel 
family were exhibited before royalty at 
,windsor ,castle1  and then at          
,bartholomew ,fair2 where a keeper lay  
down in the den1 with  the lion on one  
side1 the tigress on the other1 and the 
cubs disporting  near him1 ending by    

lying down on the lion1 with the tigress
 lying on  the man4 ,the next excitement
 of the kind1 which from its cruelty    
could  not be endured now-a-days1 was   
connected with the once-renowned ,nero  
and ,wallace4 ,wombwell advertised1 when
 his menagerie was at ,warwick1  a      
combat between his lion ,nero and six   
bull-dogs4 ,it was a poor tame  affair1 
for none of the animals shewed any      
desire for the encounter4  ,a second    
attempt1 with ,wallace1 gave rise to    
more of that morbid  excitement for     
which such exhibitions are got up2 the  
lion killed or  disabled all the dogs1  
the last of which he carried about in   
his mouth  as a rat is by a terrier or a
 cat4 ,the affair brought money for a   
time1  and then gave place to other     
sensational exhibitions4 ,a trainer and 
performer known as ',manchester ,jack'  
was wont1 at ,bartholomew ,fair1 to     
take visitors with him into ,nero's     
cage2 many persons invested sixpence    
each in this risky adventure2 but the   

poor beast had had his native  spirit so
 quelled that the danger was perhaps not
 much after all4 ,this  ,manchester     
,jack was rather a notable fellow in the
 profession2 he  trained ,wombwell's    
lions to suffer him to sit upon them1   
keep their  mouths wide open1 c4 ,the   
newspapers more than once announced his 
death  as a victim of some savage       
animal2 but he belied them all1 and died
  quietly in his bed as a               
taverner--notwithstanding that he had   
been  credited by one paragraphist with 
having had his head bitten off by a     
lion4    ,the historically famous       
',lions in the ,tower' gradually ceased 
to be a  source of wonderment when      
,zoological ,gardens became familiar2   
and the  collection was dispersed about 
forty years ago4 ,it had been a custom  
in the old times to name the ,tower     
lions after the reigning sovereigns  of 
,europe2 and indeed the lion has        
generally been regarded as a royal      
beast4 ,lord ,mahon1 in his ,history of 

,england1 quotes a passage from  the    
,earl of ,chesterfield1 tending to shew 
that there was a bit of  superstition   
mixed up with this matter4 ,under date  
#ageh the ,earl wrote3  ',it was        
generally thought ,his ,majesty would   
have died1 and for a very  good reason2 
the oldest lion in the ,tower1 near     
about the king's age1  died about a     
fortnight ago4' ,but the king outwitted 
the lion1 by living  two years longer4  
,a printer of ballads1 not many years   
back1 tried to  make a little money by a
 smart bit of ,april ,fooling4 ,knowing 
that many  country people are still     
ignorant of the fact that the lions have
 long  been removed from the ,tower1 he 
printed penny tickets purporting to     
admit the holder to witness the annual  
ceremony of washing the lions in  the   
,tower on the ,first of ,april2 how many
 ninnies were taken in by the  trick1   
the record does not say4    ,van        
,amburgh1 the most renowned1 perhaps1 of
 all the lion-kings1 came  to ,england a

 year or two before the beginning of the
 reign of her  present ,majesty4 ,he was
 a native of ,holland1 well-formed and  
handsome2  and his collection of trained
 lions1 tigers1 c4 drew immense numbers 
of spectators4 ,van ,amburgh's cool     
daring was remarkable2 and when  ,edwin 
7afterwards ,sir ,edwin7 ,landseer      
exhibited at the ,royal ,academy  his   
picture of the lion-king in the midst of
 his trained quadrupedal  pupils1 the   
excitement spread to a class of society 
above that which  is usually supposed to
 be weak on such points4 ,van ,amburgh's
 career in  ,england continued on and   
off for some years4 ,one of his         
exhibitions  included a black tiger1 a  
colour rarely met with in that animal2  
and a  sort of drama was got up in which
 the lion-king personated ,moroff1 a    
brute-tamer4 ,among the bits of gossip  
which cannot well be traced to  an      
authentic source1 is one to the effect  
that the ,duke of ,wellington  7who is  
known to have had a liking for the      

performances of ,van ,amburgh7  once    
asked him whether he was ever afraid2 to
 which the brute-tamer  replied3 ',the  
first time ,i am afraid1 your ,grace1 or
 ,i fancy that my  pupils are no longer 
afraid of me1 ,i will give up4' ,van    
,amburgh was  killed more than once by  
the newspapers1 as ',manchester ,jack'  
had been2  but ,mr ,frost 7whose curious
 volume1 ,the ,old ,showman1 is a       
veritable  storehouse of gossip on these
 subjects7 states that the hero retired 
with a competency1 and lived till a     
recent date4    ,about the time of ,van 
,amburgh the visitors at a country fair 
were  invited to witness a man-and-tiger
 fight2 but by all accounts it  was a   
poor tame affair--it being somewhat     
doubtful whether the  quadruped really  
was a tiger4 ,almost in the same year   
too1 a bit of  sensationalism was got up
 in the form of a spectacle1 in which a 
,greek  captive was thrown into an arena
 to be devoured by wild beasts1 with    
7of course7 the due accompaniment of    

terror and agony4 ,carter the           
lion-king1 who was little if anything   
behind ,van ,amburgh in coolness1       
daring1 and presence of mind1 played in 
a drama as a lion-tamer1 drove  a pair  
of lions in harness1 and maintained a   
'desperate combat' with a  tiger4       
,directly it was found1 that the public 
were willing to pay  for admission to   
displays of this kind1 menagerie-keepers
 and  circus-proprietors sought about   
for lion-kings wherever they could  find
 them2 and as a demand usually creates a
 supply1 so was it in this  instance3   
heroes sprang up in various obscure     
corners1 each tempted by  the high      
salary offered4 ,a solatium of ten or   
fifteen pounds a week  is no trifle to a
 man in a humble station4 ,crockett1 who
 had been a  bandsman at ,sanger's      
,circus1 won fame at ,astley's          
,amphitheatre1 not  only by his         
performance before the public1 but by an
 exercise of great  courage at a        
perilous moment4 ,one night the lions   

got loose4 ,crockett1  to whose lodgings
 a messenger was quickly despatched1    
came and hastened  into the arena4 ,the 
lions were roaming about the auditorium1
 and had  just killed one of the grooms4
 ,crockett went amongst them1 and with  
only a switch in his hand1 drove or     
enticed them into their cage  without   
receiving a scratch4 ,the rumour of this
 bold and successful  achievement       
brought him offers at an augmentation of
 salary4 ,just  about a quarter of a    
century ago the proprietor of ,manders's
 ,menagerie  wanted a lion-king to      
increase the attractiveness of his      
exhibition4  ,a gingerbread stall-keeper
 offered2 but proved to be not worth his
  salt1 and the manager was disappointed
 in his hope of eclipsing a  rival      
exhibition4 ,one day a black sailor came
 to him and asked for  employment as a  
brute-tamer2 he was accepted2 and soon  
afterwards the  visitors at ,greenwich  
,fair were invited to witness the heroic
 deeds  of ,macomo the ,african         

lion-king4 ,macomo 7whatever may have   
been his  real name7 appears to have    
been a daring fellow1 well adapted for  
the  work he undertook4 ,on one occasion
 an unusually savage tiger1 newly       
purchased1 was put into a cage already  
tenanted by another tiger4 ,the  animals
 began to fight furiously4 ,macomo1     
armed only with a small  riding-whip1   
entered the cage2 both tigers turned    
fiercely upon him  and lacerated him    
severely2 but 7covered with blood as he 
was7 he  continued to whip them into    
submission4 ,not for one instant did he 
keep  his eyes off them1 and they knew  
it4 ,macomo had other narrow escapes2   
but like most of the lion-kings1 he died
 quietly in his bed at last4  ,not so   
,macartney1 an ,irishman1 whose habits  
were not sufficiently  temperate for    
this perilous kind of work4 ,he often   
turned his back on  the animals1 and was
 lacerated by them more than once4 ,at  
length1 when  exhibiting at ,bolton     
about fifteen years ago1 he attempted to

 imitate  ,macomo's lion-hunt4 ,he      
chased several lions around a large     
cage2 one  sprang at him1 seized him by 
the right hip1 and dragged him to the   
ground2 then the others joined in the   
attack4 ,the unfortunate man            
endeavoured to beat them off with a     
sword1 but lost his life in the         
attempt4    ,these exhibitions have     
varied in some of their characteristics 
from  time to time4 ,in one instance    
hyenas and tigers were trained as       
performing animals--a feat not often    
ventured upon1 as these animals  are    
less to be trusted than the lion4 ,after
 the death of ,wombwell1 his  extensive 
menagerie was divided into three        
sections--each of which  claimed1 of    
course1 to be the real successor to the 
original4 ,one  section gloried in a    
lion-king known as ,lorenzo4 ,a drama   
was got up1  with ,lorenzo and a lion as
 the performers1 representing the       
classical  story of ,androcles4 ,we all 
know the story4 ,a ,greek slave1 flying 

from  the cruel tyranny of his ,roman   
master1 plunged into a forest2 he       
encountered a lion who was pained by a  
thorn in his foot4 ,androcles  extracted
 the thorn1 and won the animal's        
gratitude4 ,being recaptured1           
,androcles was condemned to be torn to  
pieces by a lion4 ,the veritable  lion  
which he had befriended happened to be  
the one caught and brought  to the      
amphitheatre for this dread purpose4    
,the lion knew ,androcles  instantly1   
came up to him1 licked his hand1 and    
shewed unmistakable  signs of           
satisfaction4 ,this bit of classicality 
was in a humble way  imitated by        
,lorenzo and the menagerie lion4 ,a     
lion-keeper1 not a  lion-king1 was      
killed at ,astley's some fifteen or     
sixteen years ago4  ,a lion that had    
been honoured with the name of ,havelock
 one night  wrenched off the bars of his
 cage1 and with three others escaped    
into  the arena4 ,havelock sprang at the
 unfortunate keeper1 and killed him     

instantly4    ,it is one feature in     
exciting exhibitions that if men are    
attractive  when placing themselves in  
much peril1 the so-called pleasure is   
enhanced when women are the possible    
victims4 ,as it is in trapze and        
acrobatic performances1 so is it in     
those connected with the exhibition  of 
wild or semi-wild animals4 ,it is among 
the gossip of the theatres  that one    
visitor attended night after night1 in  
order that he might not  be absent when 
,van ,amburgh's head was bitten off 7as 
many expected it  would be7 by a lion2  
and so the idea that something fatal    
might happen  to one of the gentler sex 
lends an additionally unhealthy interest
 to  the scenes we are now considering4 
,as soon as lion-king exhibitions  were 
found to be profitable1 the proprietor  
of ,hilton's ,menagerie  bethought him  
of bringing forward his niece as a      
lion-queen2 he paid  her well1 the      
public paid him well1 and thus an       
impetus was given to  a new kind of     

speculation4 ,a rival soon appeared at  
another circus  or place of exhibition1 
and two lion-queens were starring before
 the  public at one time4 ,a third      
aspirant tried the enterprise once too  
often4 ,miss ,blight1 daughter of a     
member of ,wombwell's band1 was one     
evening in #ahej managing a performance 
of trained animals at a fair4  ,one of  
the tigers was sullen and wayward2 she  
incautiously struck him  with a whip2   
the animal sprang at her1 seized her by 
the throat1 and  put an end to her      
hapless existence before effective aid  
could arrive4  ,the authorities         
prohibited such exhibitions after this  
melancholy  catastrophe4 ,yet such is   
the contagion of ambition and love of a 
good  salary1 that other women were     
willing to offer their services as      
successor to the poor girl4 ,a very tame
 lion was at another menagerie  taken   
out of his cage and taught to crouch at 
the feet of a lady who  personated      
,britannia4    ,some of the animals thus

 exhibited are rather valuable4 ,when a 
menagerie was sold by auction at        
,edinburgh in #ahgb1 the lions brought  
individually eighty pounds1 ninety      
pounds1 one hundred pounds1 one  hundred
 and forty pounds1 two hundred pounds1  
and one as much as two  hundred and     
seventy pounds4 ,one of these had       
performed with ,lorenzo  in the         
spectacle of ,androcles4 ,the           
highest-priced lion was purchased  for  
the ,bristol ,zoological ,gardens2 he   
was regarded as the largest and  finest 
at that time in ,england4 ,a magnificent
 tigress was an object of  eager        
competition2 and an unusually fine      
elephant--very much renowned  as a      
'performing' elephant--brought six      
hundred pounds4 ,another  menagerie was 
sold by auction in ,london more         
recently2 the chief  interest centred   
around two lion-cubs born in the        
menagerie eighteen  months previously2  
they brought one hundred and fifty      
pounds4           99       99       99  

99       99    ,printed and ,published  
by ,w4  ,r4 ,,chambers1 #dg ,paternoster
 ,row1  ,,london1 and #cci ,high        
,street1 ,,edinburgh4           99      
99       99       99       99    ,all   
,rights ,reserved4