,illustration3 ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder ,,state ,,of ,,new ,,york--,,department ,,of ,,agriculture ,twenty-ninth ,annual ,report--,vol4 #b--,part ,,ii 99 99 99 99 99 ,,the ,,pears ,,of ,,new ,,york ,,by ,u4 ,p4 ,,hedrick ,,assisted ,,by ,g4 ,h4 ,,howe ,o4 ,m4 ,,taylor ,e4 ,h4 ,,francis ,h4 ,b4 ,,tukey ,report of the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station for the ,year #aiba ,,ii ,,albany ,j4 ,b4 ,,lyon ,,company1 ,,printers #aiba ,,new ,,york ,,agricultural ,,experiment ,,station1 ,,geneva1 ,n4 ,y41 ,october #a1 #aiba4 ,to the ,honorable ,board of ,control of the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station3 ,,gentlemen3--,i have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript of the sixth of the series of monographs on fruits1 to be entitled ,the ,pears of ,new ,york4 ,i recommend that1 under the authority of chapter #fcf of the ,laws of #aiai1 this be submitted for publication as ,part ,,ii of the report of this ,station for #aiba4 ,the wide-spread use of and frequent expressions of appreciation for the preceding books of this series are ample justification for the preparation and publication of this similar treatise on pears4 ,further1 the added years of experience and observation of ,dr4 ,hedrick and his assistants serve to bring each successive monograph to a higher state of excellence and completeness4 ,the present work is a splendid example of painstaking care in the collection and compilation of all available evidence concerning all known varieties of pears4 ,with the publication of this volume1 the series will include books on apples1 peaches1 plums1 cherries and pears1 all of our leading tree-fruits of the non-citrus type4 ,the book on grapes and the ,sturtevant's ,notes on ,edible ,plants are similar treatises published in uniform style with those dealing with tree-fruits and it is hoped that the series may eventually be extended to include similar discussions of small fruits4 ,the ,pears of ,new ,york cannot fail to find an extremely useful place in the literature of fruit-growing1 and its publication will be welcomed by the fruit growers of the ,state and by horticulturists the world over4 ,r4 ,w4 ,,thatcher1 ,director ,,preface ,the ,pears of ,new ,york is sixth in the series of books on hardy fruits being published by the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station4 ,the object and scope of these treatises have been given in prefaces of the preceding books1 and though this work does not differ from its predecessors1 for the convenience of readers the aim and the contents of the book in hand are set forth in this foreword4 ,broadly speaking1 the aim is to make ,the ,pears of ,new ,york a complete record of the development of the pear wherever cultivated up to the present time4 ,with this end in view an attempt is made3 ,to give an account of the history and uses of the pear2 to depict the botanical characters of cultivated pears2 to describe pear growing in this country and more particularly in ,new ,york2 and1 lastly1 to give in full detail the synonymy1 bibliography1 economic status1 and full descriptions of the most important cultivated pears with brief notices of varieties of minor importance4 ,the reader will want to know what considerations have governed the selection of varieties for color plates and full descriptions4 ,these are several3 7#a7 ,the value of a variety for home or commercial orchards4 7#b7 ,noteworthy new varieties4 7#c7 ,varieties desirable in breeding new pears4 7#d7 ,a few sorts are described and illustrated to show the trend of evolution in the pear4 ,in the use of horticultural names the rules of the ,american ,pomological ,society as adopted at the meeting in ,columbus1 ,ohio1 in #aiai1 have been followed4 ,with a very few varieties these rules have not been followed since the changes required by their strict observance would augment rather than diminish confusion4 ,the references given are those that have been used in ascertaining the history and economic status or in verifying the description of varieties4 ,the synonyms created by pomologists whose works we have had have been noted1 but in no case are synonyms given only when quoted by pomologists from another writer4 ,one of the chief aims of ,the ,pears of ,new ,york is to set straight in high degree the names of pears4 ,biographical sketches of men who have been most prominent in pear growing in the ,united ,states are to be found in the footnotes4 ,these are written to give in some measure the credit and honor due to those who introduced new varieties or improved their culture4 ,a knowledge of the career of these men is indispensable to a full comprehension of the industry of growing pears4 ,u4 ,p4 ,,hedrick1 ,horticulturist1 ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,page ,,preface v ,,index ,,to ,,illustrations ix ,,chapter ,i4--,,history ,,of ,,the ,,pear #a ,,chapter ,,ii4--,,species ,,of ,,pears ,,and ,,their ,,characters #eg ,,chapter ,,iii4--,,pear ,,culture #hc ,,chapter ,,iv4--,,leading ,,varieties ,,of ,,pears #abb ,,chapter ,v4--,,minor ,,varieties ,,of ,,pears #bcf ,,bibliography1 ,,references1 ,,and ,,abbreviations #ehi ,,index #eii ,,index ,,to ,,illustrations ,,portrait ,,of ,,marshall ,p4 ,,wilder ,frontispiece ,,facing ,,page ,,description ,,of ,a ,,pear #fh ,,varieties ,,andr ,,desportes #abb ,,ansault #abb ,,bartlett #abd ,,belle ,,lucrative #abf ,,beurr ,d',,anjou #abh ,,beurr ,,bosc #acj ,,beurr ,,clairgeau #acb ,,beurr ,,diel #acd ,,beurr ,,giffard #acd ,,beurr ,,hardy #acf ,,beurr ,,superfin #ach ,,bloodgood #ach ,,brandywine #adj ,,buffum #adb ,,clapp ,,favorite #adb ,,colonel ,,wilder #add ,,columbia #add ,,dana ,,hovey #adf ,,dearborn #adh ,,dorset #aej ,,doyenn ,d',,alen,,on #aeb ,,doyenn ,,boussock #aeb ,,doyenn ,,du ,,comice #aed ,,duchesse ,d',,angoul,,me #aef ,,duchesse ,d',,orl,,ans #aef ,,duhamel ,,du ,,monceau #aeh ,,early ,,harvest #aeh ,,easter ,,beurr #afj ,,elizabeth #afb ,,flemish ,,beauty #afd ,,fontenay #aff ,,frederick ,,clapp #agj ,,gansel ,,seckel #agj ,,glou ,,morceau #agb ,,guyot #agd ,,howell #agd ,,idaho #agf ,,jargonelle #agh ,,jos,,phine ,,de ,,malines #ahj ,,kieffer #ahb ,,koonce #ahd ,,lamy #ahd ,,lawrence #ahf ,,le ,,conte #ahh ,l,,on ,,leclerc 7,,van ,,mons7 #aij ,,lincoln #aij ,,lincoln ,,coreless #aib ,,louise ,,bonne ,,de ,,jersey #aid ,,madeleine #aif ,,margaret #aif ,,marie ,,louise #aih ,,mount ,,vernon #bjj ,,onondaga #bjb ,,ontario #bjb ,p4 ,,barry #bjd ,,passe ,,colmar #bjf ,,pitmaston #bjh ,,pound #bjh ,,pr,,sident ,,drouard #baj ,,pyrus ,,betulaefolia #hj ,,pyrus ,,serotina #gd ,,reeder #bab ,,riehl ,,best #bab ,,roosevelt #bad ,,rutter #bad ,,seckel #baf ,,sheldon #bah ,,souvenir ,,du ,,congr,s #bah ,,souvenir ,d',,esp,,ren #bbj ,,sudduth #bbj ,,summer ,,doyenn #bbb ,,tyson #bbb ,,urbaniste #bbd ,,vermont ,,beauty #bbf ,,vicar ,,of ,,winkfield #bbh ,,white ,,doyenn #bcj ,,wilder ,,early #bcj ,,winter ,,bartlett #bcb ,,winter ,,nelis #bcd ,,worden ,,seckel #bcd ,,the ,,pears ,,of ,,new ,,york ,,chapter ,i ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,pear ,the pear has no history if history be defined as a record of evolution4 ,even the annals of the pear1 which but state events in chronological order1 are a heap of confused facts and dates with important data missing at every turn4 ,the origin of the cultivated pear is so completely hidden in prehistoric darkness that it can never be known precisely from what wild pear it came4 ,the historian must content himself with recording what the pear was when written records began2 what the touch of time has done since the first written accounts2 and what the events and by whom directed which have aided time in making its impressions since cultivated pears have accompanied its flight4 ,happily1 it does not matter much what the pear was before husbandmen appeared on the scene4 ,but from the day the pear began to supply the needs of men1 and in its turn to require ministration from those it nourished1 its history becomes of importance to all mankind4 ,those whom it helps sustain as well as those who tend the pear1 may well ask3 ,what was the raw material when the domestication of the pear began8 ,how has this material been fashioned into the pear of the present8 ,who began domestication and who has carried it forward8 ,and1 gauged by past progress1 what further progress is possible8 ,these are questions of prime importance to those who seek to improve the pear2 they throw light on the culture of the pear2 and they are of general interest to all husbandmen1 and to all interested in the world's food supply4 ,the history of the pear is important1 as has been said1 only as it is connected with the history of man4 ,yet1 this history must begin with the wild pear4 ,,wild ,,pears ,botanists number from twenty to twenty-five species of pears1 all of which are found in the northern hemisphere of the ,old ,world1 there being no true pear native to the southern hemisphere or to the ,new ,world4 ,some ten or twelve wild pears are found in ,china1 several of which overrun the limits of ,china2 three or four are natives of ,japan2 at least one has its habitat in ,korea2 another is to be found in the western ,himalayas2 while the remainder1 some eight or ten species1 are found westward from ,turkestan1 through ,persia and ,asia ,minor into southern and western ,europe and northern ,africa4 ,from these statements as to habitats it is seen that pears grow wild over a very extended area and under quite varied conditions2 therefore1 it would be expected that the several species are quite distinct1 differing chiefly1 however1 from a horticultural point of view1 in the fruits4 ,but three of these wild species are now under common cultivation1 though it is possible that through hybridization the blood of one or two more are to be found in cultivated varieties4 ,several others have horticultural possibilities either for their fruit1 as means through which new characters may be introduced into cultivated pears1 or as stocks upon which to grow orchard varieties4 ,the three species of chief horticultural importance are ,pyrus communis ,linn41 ,p4 nivalis ,jacq41 and ,p4 serotina ,rehd4 ,the pear of common cultivation in ancient and modern orchards is ,pyrus communis1 native of southern ,europe and ,asia as far east as ,kashmir4 ,the species is now to be found naturalized in forests and byways of northern ,europe1 as it is in parts of ,america1 so that it is impossible to tell precisely what its ancient habitat was4 ,while most often to be found in mountainous regions in the great area which it inhabits1 wild pears are common enough in the forests of ,europe and western ,asia so that it is probable that most of the early inhabitants of this part of the ,old ,world enlivened their fare1 obtained with the spear or the bow1 with ready-made food from the pear4 ,the species runs into at least three botanical forms1 a dozen or more horticultural divisions and between two and three thousand orchard varieties4 ,pyrus nivalis1 the ,snow pear1 is a small tree native of southern ,europe1 more particularly of ,austria and northern ,italy1 from which region it has spread in modern times as an escape from cultivation into neighboring countries4 ,it is called ,snow pear because the fruits are not fit to eat until after snow falls4 ,the ,french call it the ,sage-leaved pear 7,poirier sauger71 from the fact that the under side of the leaves is covered with down so that the leaf resembles that of garden sage4 ,the ,snow pear is cultivated in southern ,europe1 particularly in ,france1 for the making of perry for which purpose several varieties are grown4 ,probably the ,greeks and ,romans used fruit of this species for perry so that it may be said to have had attention from man1 if not care under cultivation1 from the earliest times4 ,it is doubtful if it has been hybridized with ,p4 communis1 parent of nearly all cultivated pears4 ,the ,snow pear is not cultivated in ,america but is to be found in botanical collections4 ,from ,pyrus serotina came the ,japanese1 ,chinese1 or ,sand pears of pomologists4 ,the species is a native of central and eastern ,china and is found wild in ,japan1 but whether as a native or as an escape from cultivation it is impossible to say4 ,there are three botanical forms of the species and possibly a score of horticultural varieties cultivated for their fruits and as ornamentals4 ,of all the species of ,pyrus found in western ,asia1 this1 in the light of present knowledge1 is most closely related to the common pear1 with which it hybridizes freely4 ,we have now discovered in what countries the progenitors of cultivated pears grow spontaneously1 and are therefore ready to search for the first landmarks in the domestication of the three cultivated species4 ,what has ancient literature to say on the subject8 ,we turn first to the ,bible and find that the pear is not mentioned in sacred literature1 and that1 according to commentators on the ,sanscrit and ,hebrew languages1 there is no name in the tongues of ,biblical lands for the pear4 ,nor should we expect ancient notices of the pear in north-west ,india or ,persia1 for the pear does not flourish in hot countries4 ,the survey next turns to ancient ,greece where landmarks are at once sighted which must be put down as the earliest records of the pear1 and as such deserve full consideration4 ,,the ,,pear ,,in ,,ancient ,,greece ,in ancient ,greece we find the first landmarks and begin the history of the pear as a cultivated plant4 ,it is wrong1 however1 to assume that the beginning of the cultivation of the pear1 or of any plant1 was contemporaneous with the writing of even the oldest books4 ,mention of a cultivated plant in a book is proof that its domestication antedates the writing of the book4 ,it is not easy to imagine tribes of semi-civilized men in southern ,europe and ,asia who did not make use of the apples1 pears1 quinces1 plums1 cherries1 almonds1 olives1 figs1 pomegranates1 and grapes which grew wild in this land of gardens and orchards1 and who did not minister to their needs as husbandmen long before men wrote books4 ,names for orchard operations1 as planting1 grafting1 and pruning1 in the simplest dialects of primitive peoples1 establish the fact that husbandry long antedates writing1 as would be expected from the greater need of the one than of the other4 ,plutarch1 a ,greek writer1 ,a4,d4 #ej-abj1 enlightens us as to the early use of the pear by the ,greeks1 and also as to the ,grecian name for the fruit and tree4 ,he says in his ,greek ,questions 7#ea73 ,why do the boys of the ,argives playing at a certain festival call themselves ,ballachrades8 7,ballo1 ,i throw2 achras1 a wild pear47 ,it is because they say that those who were first brought down by ,inachus 7founder of ,argos7 from the rural districts into the plains were nourished on wild pears 7achrades74 ,but wild pears 7they say7 were first seen by the ,greeks in ,peloponnesus1 when that country was still called ,apia2 whence wild pears were named apioi4 7,apios1 a pear-tree2 apion1 a pear47 ,the pear is one of the gifts of the gods which ,homer tells us grew in the garden of ,alcinus4 ,it is certain1 therefore1 whether or not this is the earliest mention of the pear in ,greek literature1 that in ,homer's time1 nearly one thousand years before the ,christian era1 the pear was cultivated in ,greece4 ,as this garden of ,alcinus furnishes the earliest noteworthy landmarks of the pear1 and is moreover the most renowned of heroic times1 an early paradise of trees1 vines1 and herbs1 it is worth while to take a look at it with a view of discovering the status of the pear at this early date4 ,stripped of the harmonious rhyme and pleasing rhythm of ,homer's poetry1 the garden is described in ,english prose as follows3 ,and without the court-yard hard by the door is a great garden1 of four plough-gates1 and a hedge runs round on either side4 ,and there grow tall trees blossoming1 pear-trees and pomegranates1 and apple-trees with bright fruit1 and sweet figs1 and olives in their bloom4 ,the fruit of these trees never perisheth1 neither faileth winter or summer1 enduring through all the year4 ,evermore the ,west ,wind blowing brings some fruits to birth and ripens others4 ,pear upon pear waxes old1 and apple on apple1 yea1 and cluster ripens upon cluster of the grape1 and fig upon fig4 ,there too hath he a faithful vineyard planted1 whereof the one part is being dried by the heat1 a sunny plot on level ground1 while other grapes men are gathering1 and yet others they are treading in the wine-press4 ,in the foremost row are unripe grapes that cast the blossom1 and others there be that are growing black to vintaging4 ,there too1 skirting the furthest line1 are all manner of garden beds1 planted trimly1 that are perpetually fresh1 and therein are two fountains of water1 whereof one scatters his streams all about the garden1 and the other runs over against it beneath the threshold of the court-yard1 and issues by the lofty house1 and thence did the townsfolk draw water4--,these were the splendid gifts of the gods in the palace of ,alcinus4#a ,divested of the spell with which the poet's flight of imagination bewitches us1 we find that the wonderful garden of ,alcinus is1 after all1 rather trifling1 probably of small extent1 and containing an orchard1 a vineyard1 garden beds and two fountains of water1 which brings us to the conclusion that this renowned garden would cut but a sorry figure beside modern gardens2 but1 on the other hand1 we are made sure that certain fruits1 among them the pear1 were commonly cultivated in ,greece a thousand years before ,christ's time4 ,there is no hint in ,homer as to whether there were as yet varieties of pears1 or as to whether fruits were as yet pruned1 grafted1 fertilized and otherwise cared for4 ,for indications that these arts of the orchard were under practice1 we must pass on to the writings of another great ,greek1 ,theophrastus4 ,between ,homer and ,theophrastus nearly #fjj years intervene1 in all of which time traces of the pear are few and uncertain4 ,but from ,theophrastus1 to whom botanists accord the title ,father of ,botany1 we know that orcharding had been making progress1 and that the pear1 among other fruits1 must have been as well known and nearly as well cared for in his time1 #cgj-bhf ,b4,c41 as in this twentieth century4 ,all the expedients we now know to assist nature to bring pears to perfection1 save spraying and cross-pollination1 were known to ,theophrastus1 although of course the evolution from the wild state as indicated by number and diversity of kinds had not progressed so far4 ,out of one of the books of ,theophrastus1 ,enquiry into ,plants1 a very good treatise on the pear might be compiled and one better worth following than many of his more modern imitators4 ,to quote ,theophrastus at length is impossible1 but space must be given to a summary of what he says about pears4 ,theophrastus distinguishes between wild and cultivated pears and says that the cultivated forms have received names4 ,he speaks of the propagation of pears from seeds1 roots1 and cuttings and makes plain that plants grown from seed lose the character of their kind and produce a degenerate kind4 ,grafting is described4 ,the nature of the ground is said to regulate the distance for planting pears1 and the lower slopes of hills are recommended as the best sites for pear orchards4 ,root-pruning1 girdling the stems1 and driving iron pegs in the trunk and other methods of punishing trees are said to hasten the bearing time4 ,even the necessity of cross-pollination is recognized though of course the reasons for it are not known4 ,thus1 ,theophrastus says3 ,trees which are apt to shed their fruit before ripening it are almond1 apple1 pomegranate1 pear1 and1 above all1 fig and date-palm2 and men try to find the suitable remedies for this4 ,this is the reason for the process called 'caprification'2 gall-insects come out of the wild figs which are hanging there1 eat the tops of the cultivated figs1 and so make them swell4 ,the growth of the pear on various soils and in diverse situations is compared2 he makes mention of a peculiar1 red and hairy worm which infested the pear of these old ,greek orchards4 ,in ,pontus1 it is stated1 pears and apples are abundant in a great variety of forms and are excellent4 ,general diseases are enumerated as those of being worm-eaten1 sun-scorched1 and rot4 ,certain affections due to season and situation are mentioned1 as freezing1 scorching1 and injury from winds4 ,this is but a brief epitome of what ,theophrastus writes of the pomology of the ,greeks1 and only topics in which the pear is specifically mentioned are set down and not all of these4 ,by inference1 one who reads ,theophrastus might apply much more to the pear4 ,yet enough has been said to prove the point that pear culture was as well established in ,greece #cjj years ,b4,c4 as in #aijj years ,a4,d4 ,one leaves ,theophrastus1 satisfied that pear-growers of his day had about the same problems that growers have nowadays and solved them by the same sort of reasoning intelligence4 ,in crediting ,theophrastus as the earliest writer on pomology1 we may assume that there were earlier writers from whom he must have received much knowledge4 ,perhaps greater writers on botany and pomology preceded him1 since he cites older authors on the same subjects whose books have been lost4 ,his alone of the books of its kind have come down to us from ancient ,greece4 ,theophrastus was the friend and pupil of ,aristotle1 another philosopher and prince of science1 and both in turn were taught by ,plato4 ,who shall say1 then1 from whence ,theophrastus received his knowledge8 ,aristotle is said to have written two books on botany antedating the ,enquiry into ,plants of ,theophrastus1 neither of which has survived the passing centuries4 ,may not these great minds have been indebted to authors whose books and names have perished8 ,these speculations serve to remind us again that the beginnings of botany and pomology long antedate written records4 ,there were ,greeks who wrote on agriculture after ,theophrastus1 and before the ,roman treatises on farm management1 a few of which are to be mentioned in the next topic4 ,of books1 as monuments of vanished minds1 however1 there are none to indicate the activities of ,greek farmers who wrote1 but there are citations to show that ancient ,greek literature on farming was voluminous4 ,thus1 ,marcus ,terentius ,varro 7,b4,c4 #aaf-bh71 called the most learned of the ,romans1 in his eightieth year wrote a book on ,roman agriculture for the guidance of his wife in the practice of farming4 ,learned old ,varro believed in book farming1 or science with practice1 of which we hear so much nowadays4 ,he begins his treatise by invoking ,greek and ,roman deities to aid his wife1 and names fifty monographs on husbandry written by ,greeks1 in which1 he tells this early farmerette1 she will find all of the practical information she needs4 ,this is but one of several sources from which we learn that in the making of books on agriculture there was no end in the heroic days of ,greece as in modern times4 ,,the ,,pear ,,in ,,ancient ,,rome ,italy1 by common consent1 is the garden of the world1 and it would be strange if the pear had not been taken to this favored land with the earliest tillers of orchards1 or if attempts had not been made to domesticate the wild pears found in the northern mountains4 ,and so we may assume1 with no very definite proofs1 that the pear was cultivated in ancient ,rome some hundreds of years before the ,christian era4 ,in ,cato1 the first book written in ,latin on agriculture1 the pear is discussed1 and six varieties are named and described4 ,what had this illustrious ,roman1 known generally as a statesman and scholar1 to do with pomology8 ,marcus ,portius ,cato 7,b4,c4 #bce-aej71 called the elder ,cato1 besides serving ,rome in state and army1 wrote a treatise on farming1 fruit-growing1 and gardening1 which1 first of its kind in ,latin literature1 may be read with greater profit than the works of most writers of our own day in agriculture4 ,cato was preeminently the first agricultural philosopher1 and no one who has followed him has packed more shrewd agricultural philosophy in a book than he4 ,but it is as a pomologist that ,cato concerns us most at this time4 ,cato describes almost every method of propagating1 grafting1 caring for1 and keeping fruits known to twentieth-century fruit-growers4 ,he describes1 also1 many varieties of fruits1 as well as of vegetables1 grains1 and breeds of farm animals4 ,among ,cato's fruits are six varieties of pears4 ,what is of especial interest in this history is that ,cato writes as if the practices of agriculture and the plants and animals he described were not only established but ancient in his time4 ,varro1 whose standing as a ,roman writer on agriculture is noted above1 says nothing of varieties of pears1 but gives directions for grafting pear-trees1 among other methods that of inarching of which he seems the first ancient writer to take note1 thereby justifying1 in small degree1 it is true1 the appellation often given him1 the most modern of all the ancients4 ,varro also tells how pears should be stored4 ,while1 therefore1 he says nothing that helps in following the evolution of the pear1 yet his accounts of grafting and storing make plain the fact that this fruit was a standard product of the times4 ,were it worth while1 still other early ,roman treatises on husbandry might be quoted to establish the place of the pear in the agriculture of ancient ,rome1 but it is chiefly in the evolution of the fruit we are concerned and so pass from ,varro to ,pliny1 who1 in his ,natural ,history1 adds to ,cato's six varieties thirty-five new sorts1 giving a total of forty-one for the generation following ,christ4 ,pliny1 more or less discredited as a scientist because he was a compiler and1 as the men of science for science sake never forget to point out1 at all times of a utilitarian bent of mind1 makes a most important contribution to the history of the pear as a domesticated fruit4 ,indefatigable compiler as he was1 few cultivated pears of his or more ancient times could have escaped his notice1 and the thread of the utilitarian running through his ,natural ,history makes all the more important what he has to say in this study of the domestication and improvement of the pear4 ,a good authority says that there are sixty manuscript copies of ,pliny and eighty different editions1 no two of which are exactly alike4 ,allowing some latitude1 therefore1 to the translator1 ,pliny's descriptions of pears run as follows3 ,for the same reason 7as in the case of apples7 in the case of pears the name ,superba 7proud7 is given2 these are small1 but earliest ripe4 ,the ,crustumia are most pleasant to all2 next to these the ,falerna1 so called from the wine1 since they have such abundance of sap or milk1 as it is called2 among these are those which others call ,syrian from their dark color4 ,of the rest1 some are called by one name in one place and by another in another4 ,some by their ,roman names reveal their discoverers1 as the ,decimiana1 and what they call the ,pseudo-,decimiana1 derived from that2 the ,dolabelliana with their long stalk2 the ,pomponiana of protuberant 7full-breasted7 shape2 the ,liceriana2 the ,seviana and those which spring from these1 the ,turraniana1 distinguished by their length of stalk2 the ,favoniana of reddish color1 a little larger than the ,superba2 the ,lateriana2 the ,aniciana1 which ripens in late autumn and has a pleasant acid flavor4 ,the ,tiberiana are so called because the ,emperor ,tiberius was very fond of them4 ,they get more color from the sun and grow to larger size1 but otherwise are the same as the ,liceriana4 ,these bear the name of the country from which they come2 the ,amerina1 latest of all2 the ,picentina2 the ,numantina2 the ,alexandria2 the ,numidiana2 the ,greek and among them the ,tarentine1 the ,signina1 which others from their color call ,testacea 7like tiles1 or brick-colored71 like the ,onychina 7onyx7 and ,purpurea 7purple74 ,from their odor are named the ,myrapia 7myrrh-pear71 ,laurea 7laurel71 ,nardina 7nard72 from their season the ,hordearia 7barley1 at the barley-harvest72 from the shape of their neck the ,ampullacea 7flask74 ,the ,coriolana and ,bruttia have family-names 7,coriolanus1 ,brutus72 the ,cucurbitina 7gourd-pears7 are so called from their bitter taste4 ,the origin of the name is unknown in the case of the ,barbarica and the ,veneria which they call colored2 the ,regia1 which are attached to a very short stalk2 the ,patricia2 the ,voconia1 which are green and oblong4 ,virgil mentions also the ,volema1 taken from ,cato1 who names also the ,sementiva and the ,mustea4#b ,it is pertinent to inquire1 now1 as to what types of pears the ancients had4 ,such an inquiry leads up to another and much more important question3 ,have new characters appeared in pears since ,pliny wrote8 ,if so1 it may be possible that we shall be forced to assume that man's dominancy over this fruit has produced the new characters1 in which case search might be made for the key to unlock more new characters4 ,for the present1 however1 only the first question can be considered1 before going into which it is necessary to know what the most prominent characters of the pear are4 ,only those of the fruit need be named4 ,there are twenty outstanding characters which differentiate the varieties of pears now cultivated1 not taking account of those introduced by the hybridization of ,p4 communis with ,p4 serotina which has given pomology the ,kieffer-like varieties4 ,these characters are3 ,smooth or russet skin2 red1 yellow1 or green color2 large or small size2 early or late season2 long or short stem2 round1 oblate1 ovate1 and pyriform shapes2 granular1 buttery1 or breaking flesh2 sweet or acid flavor4 ,in the pears described by ,pliny so many of these characters are mentioned or may be assumed to be present from inference1 that the conclusion is forced that in the many new pure-bred pears of ,p4 communis which have come into existence since ,pliny's time1 showing a great shuffling of characters in pear-breeding1 it is doubtful whether new characters have come into being in #bjjj years4 ,this1 in turn1 forces the conclusion that if this fruit is to be greatly changed1 the change must come about through hybridization with other species4 ,another quotation from ,pliny shows that the ,romans valued pears as a medicine as well as a food1 had curious notions as to their digestibility1 and1 as with most plants1 ascribed other marvelous qualities to them4 ,thus1 ,pliny says3 ,all kinds of pears1 as an aliment1 are indigestible1 to persons in robust health1 even2 but to invalids they are forbidden as rigidly as wine4 ,boiled1 however1 they are remarkably agreeable and wholesome1 those of the ,crustumium in particular4 ,all kinds of pears1 too1 boiled with honey1 are wholesome to the stomach4 ,cataplasms of a resolvent nature are made with pears1 and a decoction of them is used to disperse indurations4 ,they are efficacious1 also1 in cases of poisoning by mushrooms and fungi1 as much by reason of their heaviness1 as by the neutralizing effects of their juice4 ,the wild pear ripens but very slowly4 ,cut in slices and hung in the air to dry1 it arrests looseness of the bowels1 an effect which is equally produced by a decoction of it taken in drink2 in which case the leaves are also boiled up together with the fruit4 ,the ashes of pear-tree wood are even more efficacious as an antidote to the poison of fungi4 ,a load of apples or pears1 however small1 is singularly fatiguing to beasts of burden2 the best plan to counteract this1 they say1 is to give the animals some to eat1 or at least to show them the fruit before starting4 ,there is in the books of these old farmer-writers a mass of sagacious teachings which can never be outlived--will always underlay the best practice4 ,followed carefully1 except in the matter of pests1 the precepts of ,cato and ,varro would as certainly lead to success as the mandates of the modern experiment stations with all the up-to-date appliances for carrying out their commands4 ,sagacity fails1 however1 in one respect in these ,roman husbandmen--all are fettered by superstitions4 ,in these old books on the arts of husbandry1 woven in with the practical precepts1 which stand well the test of science1 superstitions abound beyond present belief4 ,thus1 whenever the discourse turns to pears1 from ,diophanes1 who lived in ,asia ,minor a century before ,christ1 down through the ages in ,greece1 ,italy1 ,france1 ,belgium to the eighteenth century in ,england1 runs the superstition1 with various modifications1 that to grow the best pears you must bore a hole through the trunk at the ground and drive in a plug of oak or beech over which the earth must be drawn4 ,if the wound does not heal1 it must be washed for a fortnight with the lees of wine4 ,as the superstition waned1 the apologetic injunction usually follows1 that1 in any event the wine-lees will improve the flavor of the fruit4 ,another superstition1 current for centuries1 accepted by ,cato and ,varro1 and handed on with abiding faith almost to modern times was1 as stated by ,barnaby ,googe1 a farmer and writer subject of ,queen ,elizabeth1 if you graffe your peare upon a ,mulbery1 you shall have red ,peares4 ,stories of promiscuous grafting abound in the old books4 ,another is that if an apple be grafted on the pear1 the fruit is a pearmain4 ,after ,pliny follows a dreary and impenetrable period of #aejj years1 in which time but few new facts regarding the evolution of the pear come to light in what is now ,italy4 ,the pear is mentioned1 it is true1 by many ,roman writers1 but all copy ,theophrastus1 ,cato1 and ,pliny4 ,dioscorides1 a learned ,greek physician and botanist1 who may be said to have been the author of the first book of applied science in botany1 was the great botanical and pomological authority for the first #afjj years of the present era1 many editions of his book appeared and in several languages1 and it is he who is most often quoted by writers on fruits even until the seventeenth century1 but he adds nothing new on the pear1 and does not even extend the list of known varieties4 ,during these #afjj years a great number of voluminous commentaries on ,dioscorides appeared1 in several of which names of new pears are mentioned1 but1 with the exception of one writer1 the descriptions are so terse that the new sorts cannot be connected with older or later periods4 ,the exception is ,matthiolus 7#aeja-aegg71 but since the ,english herbalists1 in their turn1 largely copy ,matthiolus1 with valuable amplifications1 it is better to give space further on to them4 ,perhaps one more name should be mentioned among the ,roman writers4 ,messer ,pietro de ,crescenzi1 an ,italian born at ,bologna in #abcj1 wrote a book on agriculture in which the chapters on fruits are especially well written4 ,for reasons to be mentioned1 this book had a remarkable influence on the horticulture of ,europe for the next three or four centuries4 ,with the discovery of printing1 nearly two centuries after the book was written1 ,crescenzi was published in numerous editions and in several languages to the great enlightenment of pomologists on the cultivation of fruits1 but with small additions to the knowledge of the fruits themselves4 ,whether because the book was really the most serviceable of its kind in the world for four centuries1 or whether by virtue of the happy circumstance of being many times printed1 it had absolute supremacy over other agricultural texts1 is now too late to judge4 ,there is good reason to suspect that ,crescenzi's is the precedence of circumstance1 for he stole page after page from ,palladius1 of the fourth century1 who1 to be sure1 in his turn1 copied ,columella and the ,greeks4 ,most of these borrowings1 however1 meet the requirement of being bettered by the borrower that separates adoption from plagiarism4 ,one other landmark1 though a somewhat inconspicuous one1 in the history of the pear in ,italy1 is deserving brief mention4 ,toward the middle of the sixteenth century ,agostino ,gallo1 an ,italian1 wrote ,the ,twenty ,days of ,agriculture and the ,charms of ,country ,life4 ,with the fall of the ,roman ,empire in the fifth century1 agriculture was reduced to the production of the necessities of life and pomology all but perished4 ,it required a thousand years to recover from the domination of the barbarian conqueror of ,rome4 ,hence1 it is not surprising that ,gallo names but twelve varieties of pears instead of the forty-one of ,pliny4 ,gallo says that he does not name all of the summer pears1 but leaves the inference that his list is complete for autumn and winter sorts4 ,there probably was a greater number under cultivation at this time in ,italy1 but ,gallo's list shows that the number was small4 ,gallo is regarded as the restorer of agriculture in ,italy after the dark ages1 and as one of the most enlightened men of his time1 so that we may accept him as an accurate historian4 ,besides furnishing a list of the pears of his day in ,italy1 ,gallo names two that are now under cultivation--,bergamot and ,bon ,chrtien4 ,,the ,,pear ,,in ,,france ,who introduced the pear in ,france matters little4 ,the ,greeks who founded ,marseille #fjj ,b4,c4 may have done so4 ,the ,romans1 masters of ancient ,gaul for centuries1 undoubtedly planted pears at widely separated places and in earliest times of ,roman occupation4 ,or1 and quite possibly1 the original natives of the land began the domestication of the pear for1 as we have seen1 two cultivated species grow wild in what is now ,france4 ,date and manner of introduction matter less than a recognizable landmark in the history of the pear as an orchard plant in ,france4 ,there is such a landmark and a conspicuous one4 ,charlemagne1 the many-sided genius who ruled the ,franks in the ninth century1 exercised his powerful influence in behalf of agriculture during the time of his reign1 and to him is due credit for establishing the first notable landmark in the history of the pear in ,france4 ,we are well informed of ,charlemagne's various activities while in power1 for official annals were kept at the ,frankish ,court4 ,charlemagne's secretary has left a biography of his master1 and many of the ,king's ,capitularies1 or lists of laws1 are extant4 ,in these records1 agriculture is a matter of constant comment and the pear is often up for discussion4 ,one quotation serves to show that this fruit was cultivated in considerable variety in ,charlemagne's orchards4 ,in the ,capitulaire de ,villis1 ,chapter ,,lxx1 ,charlemagne is reported to have commanded his orchardists to plant pears of distinct kinds for distinct purposes4 ,that the command was of sufficient importance to be recorded in a capitulaire indicates that ,charlemagne esteemed this fruit4 ,the order runs3 ,plant pear trees whose products1 because of pleasant flavor1 could be eaten raw1 those which will furnish fruits for cooking1 and1 finally1 those which mature late to serve for use in winter4 ,there is little information in this brief command1 but it tells us that a considerable number of varieties of pears were grown in ,france in the ninth century1 and that they were of sufficient importance to hold the attention of a great and busy monarch4 ,either the culture of the pear abruptly ceased with the death of ,charlemagne or records ceased to be kept that would throw light on the agriculture of the next five centuries1 for from the tenth to the fifteenth century is an uncharted waste in the history of the pear in ,france4 ,undoubtedly pears were cultivated during this time by the monks who had the time1 the taste1 and the land for carrying on agriculture4 ,when the pear comes to light again in the happier period for pomology of the sixteenth century1 the many names of monasteries in the list of varieties suggest that the monks not only busied themselves with the culture of the fruit but greatly increased the number of kinds of pears4 ,three great minds now appeared to make ,france the leading country in the production of agricultural literature in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and all paid attention to pomology4 ,the names of ,charles ,estienne1 ,olivier de ,serres1 and ,le ,lectier in agriculture mark the departure from traditions handed down from the old ,greeks and ,romans to the beginning of a new agriculture founded on first-hand study and observation4 ,the printing-press1 it is true1 was now an invaluable ally1 but these three men were of an original bent of mind and would have been distinguished in any period before printing4 ,charles ,estienne1 the first and the least of these three early geniuses of ,french agriculture1 published several works on agriculture1 mostly compilations1 but all containing original observations1 in one of which1 his ,seminarium1 printed in ,paris in #aedj1 is a list of sixteen pears with brief descriptions of each4 ,not one of ,estienne's pears is now important1 but all appear in the histories of minor sorts in the last chapter of this text4 ,de ,serres1 known in ,france as ,the ,father of ,agriculture1 published his ,le ,thtre d',agriculture in #afjh1 a book ever to be notable in agriculture as the first to break wholly away from the #afjj years of repetition of book after book in the languages of ,europe which but copied the ancients4 ,de ,serres was a good farmer--most of his farming operations have not been improved upon2 he founded the first experimental farm of which there is record at his home near ,pradel and so became the first of a long line of modern experimenters in agriculture4 ,lastly1 ,de ,serres was a charming writer and his book rapidly ran through many editions and was translated into several languages4 ,to him must be given credit for first sounding the alluring call of back to the land which rings from nearly every page of his books4 ,here is his appeal to plant pears2 and words could hardly make it simpler1 more charming1 and more compelling3 ,there is no tree among all those planted which abounds so much in kinds of fruits as the pear tree1 whose different sorts are innumerable and their different qualities wonderful4 ,for from the month of ,may to that of ,december pears good to eat are found on the trees4 ,in considering particularly the different shapes1 sizes1 colors1 flavors1 and odors of the pear1 who will not adore the wisdom of the creator4 ,pears are found round1 long 'goderonnees'#c pointed1 blunt1 small1 and large4 ,gold1 silver1 vermillion1 and satin green are found among the pears4 ,sugar1 honey1 cinnamon1 clove1 flavor them4 ,they smell of musk1 amber1 and chive4 ,in short1 so excellent are the fruits that an orchard would not be worth while in a place where pear trees do not thrive4 ,this laudation of the pear1 in which it is made manifest that many pears of diverse shapes1 colors1 flavors1 and perfumes existed in the year #afjj1 is all that space permits from ,de ,serres1 though much could be quoted as to the care of pear orchards1 and a list of kinds could be given1 of which1 however1 the descriptions count for but little4 ,le ,lectier1 to whom we now come1 is a better authority on varieties4 ,le ,lectier1 an attorney of the king at ,orleans1 was an amateur fruit collector1 but a collector who reflected and printed his reflections4 ,he seems to have been about the first of the many collectors who1 with fruit-growing as an avocation1 have zealously sought to improve and distribute varieties1 and thereby have done as much or more for pomology than those who have made fruit-growing a vocation4 ,though ,le ,lectier collected all of the fruits of his time and country1 the pear was mistress of his passion1 a passion which gave him such pleasure that it excited others to become amateurs and emulate him4 ,the result was that a country-wide taste for pears was stimulated and a veritable craze for this fruit was started--everybody planted pears4 ,the famous collection of fruits was begun by ,le ,lectier in #aeih4 ,by #afbh1 the infatuation to plant had progressed until ,le ,lectier could send to his fellow amateurs a catalog of his possessions of fruits with the desire to exchange4 ,his offer to exchange shows all of the collector's zeal4 ,it reads as follows3 ,i beg all those who have good fruits 7not contained in the present ,catalogue7 when he obtains them to inform me of it1 so that ,i can have grafts of them in exchange for those which they have not1 but which they wish to get from me1 and which ,i will furnish them4 ,signed1 ,le ,lectier1 ,attorney of the ,king at ,orleans4 #bjth of ,december1 #afbh4 ,from ,le ,lectier's list we learn that #cjj years ago the ,french had at least #bed pears4 ,in this catalog are many pears in the pomologies of today1 but1 unfortunately without descriptions or any attempt to determine duplicates in names or varieties1 the list serves for little more than a monument for one of the first and one of the most zealous collectors of pears4 ,le ,lectier1 however1 may be said to have introduced the golden age of pomology in ,france2 for1 during historical times there seems to have been no other period in which pomology exercised the minds and hands of well-to-do people as in the century that followed ,le ,lectier4 ,even the kings of ,france took pleasure in using the spade and the pruning-knife4 ,la ,quintinye1 the best of the pomological writers of the day1 complained that the country was overwhelmed with books on pomology4 ,thus1 was ushered in the period which we may call our own in which the history of the pear may be read in books innumerable4 ,as steps in the progress of the pear1 the number of varieties may be noted as given by ,french pomologists in the modern era of pear-growing4 ,merlet1 #affg1 describes #ahg varieties2 ,la ,quintinye1 #afij1 #fg2 ,duhamel1 #agfh1 #aai2 the ,chartreuse fathers1 #agge1 #ajb2 ,tollard1 #ahje1 #abj2 ,noisette1 #ahcc1 #bch2 while ,leroy1 #ahfg1 from whom the figures just given were taken1 says that in the half century preceding1 the number of pears in ,france was quadrupled and that there are #ijj varieties for which there are #cjjj names4 ,leroy notes three events as the cause of the generous multiplication of pears in the period of which he writes3 ,the introduction of the many varieties grown by ,van ,mons and other ,flemish pomologists beginning about #ahje2 a little later1 the establishment of exchange relations with ,english nurseries2 and still later1 #ahdi1 the importation of a great number of new varieties from ,america4 ,to ,americans1 it is particularly significant to note that the great progress of the pear in ,france is due to amateur tendance and not commercial success4 ,,the ,,pear ,,in ,,belgium ,providence ordained ,belgium to produce the modern pear4 ,the evolution of the pear proceeded slowly1 indeed1 until its culture became common on the clayey and chalky soils in the cool1 moist climate of ,belgium1 where flavor1 aroma1 texture1 size1 and color reach perfection4 ,the pear was improved more in one century in ,belgium than in all the centuries that had past4 ,the part ,providence played in endowing the ,belgians with an ideal soil and climate for the pear1 is but one of two causes of the results in improving the pear in this country4 ,the other is that the ,belgians1 ever notable horticulturists1 give the pear assiduous care1 cultivate only the most approved varieties1 and in breeding1 aim ever at high quality1 so that ,belgian pear-growers1 as well as an ordained soil and climate1 must be given credit for the modern pear4 ,the early history of the pear in ,belgium follows step by step that of the pear in ,france4 ,in the sixteenth century1 botanists were numerous in the ,low ,countries1 their zeal and activity showing forth in several of the best of the early herbals4 ,these herbalists1 however1 gave scant attention to the pear4 ,dodoens1 most noted ,belgian botanist of the century1 dismissed the matter of varieties with the statement that the names change from village to village1 and that it is therefore useless to give them4 ,from this we may assume that a considerable number of pears were cultivated in ,belgium at the time ,dodoens wrote1 about the middle of the sixteenth century4 ,pear-breeding began in ,belgium about #agcj1 when ,nicolas ,hardenpont1 #agje-aggd1 a priest in his native town of ,mons1 made a large sowing of pear seed with a view of obtaining new pears of superior quality4 ,time is fleeting in breeding tree fruits1 and the ,abb ,hardenpont waited nearly #cj years before introducing his selected seedlings1 and then1 beginning in #ageh1 he introduced one new variety after another until a dozen or more new pears were accredited to him4 ,at least six of these are still grown in ,europe1 but only one1 the ,passe ,colmar1 is known in ,america4 ,but before going further with the work of the ,belgian breeders1 it is necessary to take stock of what was on hand before their time4 ,la ,quintinye1 the most noted ,french pomologist of his time1 in #afij listed #fg pear varieties4 ,the ,belgians probably had all of these4 ,what were they8 ,most of them were old sorts--some were centuries old4 ,all1 so far as their histories show1 originated by chance in garden1 orchard1 hedge row1 and forest4 ,no one seems yet to have planted seed with a view of obtaining new and better pears4 ,camerarius in #afid had made known the fact of sex in plants4 ,soon after1 experiments in hybridization began1 but no one as yet had hybridized pears4 ,lastly1 nearly all pears1 before the ,belgians began to improve them1 were crisp or breaking in flesh1 the crevers of the ,french1 while the soft-fleshed1 melting pears1 the beurrs of the ,french1 were as yet hardly known4 ,now1 mostly owing to the work of the ,belgians1 the buttery pears predominate4 ,of the means by which ,hardenpont obtained his superior pears1 there is no precise knowledge4 ,whether his new sorts were lucky chances out of a large number of promiscuous seedlings1 or whether he was a pioneer in hybridizing can never be known4 ,du ,mortier1 a distinguished ,belgian botanist1 gives the credit of hybridization to the ,abb1 basing his opinion on the fact that the characters of most of ,hardenpont's varieties are plainly a commingling of two well-known parents which could hardly be the case if they were happy chances were fate ever so kindly disposed4 ,hardenpont soon had many imitators in ,belgium4 ,indeed1 the ,belgians seem to have been quite carried off their feet by pear-breeding1 and during the first half of the nineteenth century a fad like the tulip craze of ,holland and the mulberry craze of ,america reigned in the country4 ,among the breeders are found the names of priests1 physicians1 scientists1 apothecaries1 attorneys1 tradesmen1 and gentlemen of leisure4 ,the introduction of new varieties made notable in horticulture the towns of ,mons1 ,tournaii1 ,enghien1 ,louvain1 ,malines1 and ,brussels4 ,the awarding of medals for new pears produced the horticultural sensations of the times4 ,hundreds if not thousands of new varieties were introduced1 of which many1 it is true1 have proved worthless1 others of but secondary merit1 while still others1 as we shall find1 are even now among the best pears under cultivation4 ,but the great fact1 be it remembered1 is that these amateur pear-breeders wrought in a few years a complete transformation in a fruit that had been domesticated and had been fairly stable for over #bjjj years4 ,a few names besides ,hardenpont stand out prominently and must be mentioned4 ,of these1 ,van ,mons is best known4 ,jean ,baptiste ,van ,mons1 #agfe-ahdb1 was a pharmacist1 physicist1 and physician1 one of the savants of his time1 who1 late in the eighteenth century1 under the potent spell cast by ,hardenpont's work1 began to breed pears4 ,space forbids an account of ,van ,mons' experiments4 ,suffice to say that he introduced more than two scores of pears having lasting merit1 and that in the height of his career he had in his ,nursery of ,fidelity at ,louvain1 eighty thousand seedlings4 ,van ,mons outlives in fame the ,belgian pear-breeders of his time because he propounded a theory for the origination of new varieties of plants1 and this in its turn is famed as the first complete system of plant improvement4 ,van ,mons contributed but little of direct value to plant-breeding1 but indirectly he gave a great impetus to breeding pears and to the culture of the pear1 more especially in ,america1 and we must therefore glance at his theory and trace more in detail its influence on ,american pear-growing4 ,van ,mons' theory1 in brief1 as expounded in various papers1 is3 ,a species does not vary in the place in which it is born2 it reproduces only plants which resemble itself4 ,the causes of variation are changes in soil1 climate1 or temperature4 ,whenever a species produces one or many varieties1 these varieties continue to vary always4 ,the source of all variation1 which is transmissible by sowing1 resides in the seeds4 ,the older a variety1 the less the seedlings vary1 and the more they tend to return toward the primitive form1 without being able ever to reach that state2 the younger or newer the variety1 the more the seedlings vary4 ,in putting his theory in practice ,van ,mons took the first seeds from wild plants or those little improved1 from which he grew seedlings1 and from these the seeds were taken from the first fruits to ripen for new sowings4 ,this practice he repeated generation after generation4 ,thus1 it is seen that ,van ,mons was an early apostle of selection4 ,he is said to have distributed over #djj varieties1 about #dj of which are still under cultivation4 ,it is to be feared1 however1 that ,van ,mons' theory was preconceived without experiment or even observation for a foundation4 ,he devoted a life of most admirable zeal to verifying and developing this vision of his early years with some material reward it is true1 but with a better foundation his prodigious labors would have yielded greater direct results in improving the pear4 ,still1 the indirect results1 his influence on the pomologists of two continents1 even though they did not subscribe to his theories1 was more valuable than the work of one mind and one pair of hands could possibly have been4 ,there must always be pioneers1 men who stray from beaten paths1 but pioneers seldom exert wide and deep influence at once--leave the worn path1 so to speak1 and at once construct a macadamized road--yet this was what ,van ,mons did4 ,pomologists agree that until his time no man had exerted so profound an influence on pomology4 ,his love of discovery and love of labor permeated fruit-growing in ,europe and ,america4 ,fortunately1 it was the age of the amateur fruit-grower4 ,pleasure and progress1 driven by curiosity1 counted for more than commercial success1 so that ,van ,mons' new varieties at once gave him wide fame4 ,he was made known to ,american pear-growers by ,robert ,manning who distributed his new varieties in this country and described them in the horticultural literature of the day and in his ,book of ,fruits published in #ahch4 ,later1 ,andrew ,jackson ,downing1 the brilliant genius of ,american horticulture1 published ,van ,mons' theories and described many of his new pears in his ,fruits and ,fruit ,trees1 which came from the press in #ahde4 ,thus1 ,van ,mons became the recognized authority in ,america on all matters relating to the pear4 ,indeed1 it is hardly too much to say that we owe him obligations as the founder of pear-culture in this country4 ,but the work of the ,belgians does not end with ,van ,mons4 ,there were other breeders of pears1 who1 though not to be classed with ,van ,mons as a ,titan1 lacking the quality of mind to set forth a new philosophy1 helped to enliven the impulse given by their leader to the improvement of the pear by originating new varieties4 ,chief of these are ,major ,espren1 of ,malines1 who introduced twenty of the pears mentioned in the ,pears of ,new ,york2 ,bivort1 who has twenty-three to his credit2 ,gregoire1 forty-two2 ,simon ,bouvier1 eleven2 ,de ,jonghe1 six2 and ,de ,nelis1 five4 ,while1 if the lists of varieties in the last two chapters of this text be scanned for ,belgians who introduced but one1 two1 or three new pears1 the list runs up into the hundreds4 ,labor finds its summit in the work of these ,belgian pear-breeders1 who obtained petty rewards by sifting millions of seedlings through the coarse meshes of the sieve of selection4 ,we can pardon these enthusiastic breeders with grace for over-zealousness in naming varieties obtained with such prodigious efforts4 ,,the ,,pear ,,in ,,central ,,and ,,eastern ,,europe ,the pear can be improved only where the pear-tree flourishes1 and then only when assisted by the foresight and desire of men4 ,this happy combination seems not to exist in ,europe outside of ,italy1 ,france1 ,belgium1 and ,england4 ,the pear flourishes along the ,danube1 in parts of ,austria and southern ,germany1 and along the upper ,rhine1 but the people of these regions seem to have been followers rather than leaders in developing this fruit1 having produced almost no meritorious varieties4 ,america is indebted to the vast region of central and western ,europe for but one major variety1 the ,forelle1 and this sort is of little importance4 ,pomology1 the world over1 however1 is indebted to ,germany for much valuable pomological literature4 ,cordus1 ,mayer1 ,christ1 ,diel1 ,dittrich1 ,truchsess1 ,hinkert1 ,dochnahl1 ,oberdieck1 ,engelbrecht1 ,lauche1 and ,gaucher1 all ,germans1 and ,kraft1 an ,austrian1 have been industrious compilers1 and have given pomology some of its best texts on systematic pomology4 ,cordus1 earliest ,german pomological writer1 wrote an illuminating chapter in the history of the pear1 which must be reproduced4 ,valerius ,cordus1 #aeae-aedd1 a botanical genius1 made botanical expeditions to nearly every part of ,germany1 in the course of which he made special study of the apple and the pear4 ,he described fifty pears and thirty-one apples4 ,these descriptions are noteworthy as the earliest for these fruits in ,germany4 ,cordus is called by one great botanist1 the inventor of the art of describing plants2 by another1 he is said to have been first to teach men to cease from dependence on the poor descriptions of the ancients and to describe plants anew from nature2 a third botanical authority says of him1 the first of all men to excel in plant description2 while a fourth writes of the four books of his ,historia ,plantarum truly extraordinary because of the accuracy with which the plants are described4 ,thus1 botanists accord him special distinction1 but pomologists seem not to know this resplendent systemist of the sixteenth century1 who1 as we shall see1 is especially deserving of pomological recognition4 ,cordus is entitled to honor in the history of pomology as first to print descriptions of fruits for the purpose of identifying varieties4 ,no doubt as soon as the earth ceased to furnish spontaneously the primitive luxury of ready-to-eat food in the shape of fruit1 making culture necessary1 varieties were acquired and became commodities as they are today4 ,varieties were certain to originate under cultivation1 and their value was certain to be recognized by our first ancestors1 to whom the convenience1 necessity1 and expediency of having a diversity of kinds of any fruit as well as of a means of keeping them true to kind1 must have been apparent at the beginning of fruit culture4 ,that such was the case1 the most ancient sacred and profane writings assure us4 ,varieties of the fig1 olive1 grape1 and other fruits are mentioned by all early writers on plants4 ,that varieties of fruits would not come true to seed was early known1 and propagation by cuttings1 layers1 and grafting was invented to preserve choice sorts4 ,many of the early writers name varieties1 tell from whence they came1 and some set forth a remarkable character or two1 but none give detailed descriptions4 ,cordus was first to engage in this sort of enterprise4 ,this chapter from ,cordus is important1 too1 because it makes plain that the pears grown in ,germany four hundred years ago possessed all the characters to be found in modern pears4 ,culture has increased size1 modified shapes1 augmented flavors1 brightened colors1 and softened textures1 but no characters that can be considered new or distinct1 unit characters of the plant-breeder1 have been introduced in the four centuries that have gone by4 ,the characters possessed by these ,german pears are the same1 so far as can be made out1 as those of the varieties grown by the ,greeks and ,latins nearly #bjjj years earlier4 ,from this1 the inference must be drawn that the characters of the pear have not originated under cultivation but exist in wild types4 ,new and distinct characters can come only by hybridization with another species4 ,pears within a species are changed only by a recombination of the characters possessed by the species4 ,the descriptions of varieties from ,cordus#d that follow are commended to pomologists as models of brevity and accuracy4 ,these word-pictures reproduce the pears as vividly as an artist could paint them4 ,one sees at once that ,cordus was no compiler4 ,such descriptions as ,cordus writes can be made only in the orchard with the pear in hand4 ,the domesticated pear-tree is like the wild tree in trunk1 bark1 timber1 leaves and blossoms1 but has straighter and more shapely boughs and leaves a little larger4 ,of the fruits themselves1 which we call pears1 there are innumerable kinds1 of which we will describe some that are found in ,germany1 adding also their ,german names1 which vary1 however1 in the different provinces4 ,probstbirn1 that is1 ,provost pear1 so-called from their broad base1 near the stalk end in a blunt point1 have a length of three inches1 breadth a little less4 ,their color is pale green1 speckled with green spots or dots2 they are astringent to the taste1 and by the abundance of their juice extinguish thirst4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn1 and quickly decay because of the abundance of watery and rather cold juice4 ,they are found in abundance at ,eisleben near the ,harz forest in ,saxony4 ,speckbirn1 that is1 ,lard pear1 swell in the middle with a thick belly1 from which they suddenly taper off into a point2 they have a length of more than three inches1 a width somewhat less than three inches2 they are of pale color1 and like the ,provost1 speckled with green dots1 rather mild and sweet to the taste1 dissolving in the mouth like lard1 whence they have received their name1 and with the abundance of their juice they quench thirst2 when they are peeled they give a sweet odor4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn and very easily decay4 ,kaulbirn1 that is1 ,ball pear1 have almost the roundness of a globe1 except that near the stalk they rise to a blunt and inconspicuous circle4 ,their length is scarcely two inches2 they rarely exceed this1 but in width slightly exceed their length4 ,in color they are pale green1 in taste and smell they rival the ,lard with which also they come to ripeness2 these too easily decay4 ,they are found at ,eisleben4 ,hanffbirn1 that is1 ,hemp pear1 are like the ,ball but a little larger2 they have a green color1 marked with spots or dots2 in taste they correspond to the ,ball1 but do not dissolve so readily in the mouth2 they ripen at the same time1 and are easily affected by decay4 ,these too are found at ,eisleben4 ,glockenbirn1 that is1 ,bell pear1 from a broad base narrow down to a sort of narrow neck and then end in a blunt head2 they have quite the shape of a bell1 whence they have received their name4 ,they are wholly of a yellow color spotted with dots1 in length a little less than three inches1 but in width they do not reach two inches4 ,they have no unpleasant odor1 especially when peeled2 in taste they correspond to the ,hemp1 and reach maturity at the same time1 and easily decay4 ,they grow in abundance at ,eisleben4 ,knigsbirn1 ,king's pear1 or ,regalbirn1 ,rule pear1 that is1 ,royal pear1 are large and big-bellied2 they have a length sometimes of four inches1 a width a little less2 they are of bluish-gray color1 but in that part where they have had the sun they become slightly red4 ,they are astringent to the taste and with a copious juice1 and that sweet and something like wine1 they allay thirst4 ,they ripen when the sun has entered ,libra1 and do not so easily decay4 ,klunssbirn1 that is1 ,lump pear1 are of two varieties2 both kinds1 however1 correspond proportionately in shape to the ,royal1 but are inferior to them in size4 ,there is a difference in color1 for one kind has a bluish-gray color1 the other reddish-gray4 ,they have a juice similar in flavor to the ,royal but more acid4 ,they ripen with the ,royal4 ,in ,saxony there is great abundance of them1 especially at ,hildesheim4 ,bonnebirn1 that is1 ,bonn pear1 so-called from the city of ,bonn on the ,rhine1 from which they have been transplanted into other districts4 ,they have an almost spherical shape1 except that near the stalk they end in a blunt point4 ,they are three inches in length1 a little less in width4 ,their color is on one side green or pale1 on the other1 where they have been touched by the sun1 reddish4 ,they are moderately acid to the taste1 and abound with copious juice1 rather watery1 very refreshing in effect4 ,they ripen when the sun is hastening toward ,scorpio4 ,they are abundant at ,marburg in ,hesse4 ,schmalzbirn that is1 ,butter pear1 so called because they melt in the mouth like fat or some liquid mixture2 their fruit is generally swollen at the lower end and gradually tapers to a narrow neck toward the stem4 ,like gourds they are three inches in length or often more1 but in breadth two and a half inches4 ,they have a pale yellow color1 a pleasing fragrance1 but are very acid in taste1 with the admixture of a peculiar1 winey flavor2 when insufficiently ripe and not thoroughly chewed or too greedily devoured they sometimes stick in the throat and choke the breathing2 on the other hand1 when ripe and well masticated they melt in the mouth like fat4 ,they ripen before the sun passes into ,libra4 ,they are found in ,hesse1 especially in ,frankenberg1 where there is great abundance of them4 ,junckfrauenbirn gross1 that is1 ,maiden pear1 large1 are like the ,lump pear in color and shape1 but in size somewhat smaller4 ,in taste they are powerfully astringent1 so that they irritate the throat and contract the lips into a pucker like a maiden's kiss4 ,they have a watery juice mixed as it were with sour wine4 ,they ripen at the end of summer4 ,at ,brunswick in ,saxony they are very abundant4 ,junckfrauenbirn klein1 that is1 ,maiden pear1 small1 from a swelling belly they end in a narrow neck2 they have a length a little less than three inches1 but in breadth somewhat exceed an inch and a half2 they are of beautiful color1 as if one should mix dark blue-green with reddish-purple2 they are besides speckled with dots1 acid in taste1 and in like manner are easily dissolved in the mouth4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn4 ,they are much cultivated at ,eisleben4 ,hamelsswenstebirn1 that is1 ,ram's paunch pear1 have received their name from the fact that in their swelling shape they resemble the bellies of wethers2 they swell as it were with a thick paunch2 reach three inches in length and often even more1 but less in width4 ,in color they are bluish-gray1 but slightly reddish on that side which they have turned to the sun4 ,they have a very acid flavor1 with a certain pleasantness and a winey juice4 ,they ripen at the end of summer4 ,they are found in ,hesse and neighboring districts1 and there are preferred to other pears4 ,loewenbirn1 that is1 ,lion pear1 so called from their excellence2 these are called ,hessiatica in ,thuringen and neighboring districts2 their fruit is remarkable1 holding the supremacy among all autumn fruits for duration and excellence of taste and juice4 ,they are swollen in the lower part and generally unequal2 they have a length of three inches and often greater2 in width they not rarely exceed two inches4 ,they are of greenish gray color1 slightly reddened4 ,they have an astringent taste of marked pleasantness4 ,they abound in copious juice1 winey1 sweet-smelling1 and very refreshing1 so that they speedily quench thirst2 indeed the pears themselves by their strong aromatic odor wonderfully revive the sick4 ,they ripen when the sun has entered ,libra2 finally when stored away they last for a long time4 ,they abound in ,hesse1 especially at ,marburg and likewise at ,frankenberg1 a town near ,marburg4 ,they are called ,barber's pear1 from a certain barber who first introduced them there4 ,hangelbirn1 that is1 ,hanging pear1 are equal to the ,butter in shape1 color1 and size2 they hang from a long stalk1 whence they have received their name2 in flavor they differ from the ,butter1 for their juice is not so winey nor so acid2 they have a simpler flavor1 not composed of so many qualities4 ,however1 they ripen at the same time4 ,these too are cultivated in ,hesse4 ,margarethenbirn1 that is1 ,margaret's pear1 are so called because they become ripe about ,st4 ,margaret's ,day1 when the sun is entering into ,leo4 ,they end in an oblong neck2 in length they reach three inches1 in width hardly two inches4 ,they have a reddish-blue color4 ,their pulp is tender and juicy1 of very sweet taste1 easily melting in the mouth2 they have a very pleasant smell4 ,they abound at ,brunswick in ,saxony4 ,winterbirn1 that is1 ,winter pear1 from a round shape become slightly conical2 they are less than three inches in length1 little more than two inches in breadth4 ,they have a green color1 a very hard substance1 so that they scarcely give way to the teeth4 ,in taste they are very acid and refreshing1 quenching the thirst with a watery1 sour juice4 ,they ripen late in autumn after all other fruits1 after they have been touched with frosts and cold4 ,they are found at ,frankenberg in ,hesse4 ,knochenbirn1 that is1 ,bone pear1 have received their name from their hardness2 from a swelling belly they end gradually in a short and narrow neck4 ,they rarely exceed two inches in length and an inch and a half in breadth4 ,they have a light reddish color2 they are of such hard substance that they cannot be chewed raw but only when cooked4 ,they have a very acid taste4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn4 ,they are cultivated at ,frankenberg in ,hesse4 ,augustbirn1 that is1 ,august pear1 would be almost round except that they end in a short point4 ,their length is a little more than two inches1 their width a little less4 ,they have a yellow color1 at times turning to pale red4 ,in taste they are acid1 with a peculiar sweetness of juice4 ,they ripen early in ,august1 whence they have received their name4 ,they are short-lived and do not last long4 ,they abound everywhere in ,hesse4 ,honigbirn gross1 that is1 ,honey pear1 large1 end in an oblong cone3 they are two inches and a half in length1 but in breadth hardly reach two inches4 ,they have a bluish-gray color verging on yellow1 and a surface not so smooth2 in taste they are acid and abound in sweet juice2 they ripen at the beginning of autumn1 lasting for a while4 ,they are found at ,wittenberg in upper ,saxony4 ,honigbirn klein1 that is1 ,honey pear1 small1 are of conical shape1 in length do not exceed an inch and a half1 in width are a little less2 they have a light reddish color1 a flavor very sweet and pleasant1 whence they have received their name4 ,they melt readily in the mouth of those who taste them4 ,they ripen soon after the ,august pear4 ,they abound in ,hesse4 ,muscatellerbirn1 that is1 ,musk pear1 are very small and conical1 in length a little more than an inch1 in width a little less4 ,their color is green tinged with red1 their taste most sweet and aromatic1 as if it were flavored with a little musk1 whence their name4 ,they easily melt in the mouth2 they have also a pleasing odor4 ,they ripen in ,june4 ,they are carefully cultivated in ,meissen4 ,schaffbirn1 that is1 ,sheep pear1 are like the larger ,honey in size1 shape and color1 but a little more oblong and narrow4 ,they have a very sweet flavor1 moderately astringent1 and easily dissolve in the mouth on account of the tender softness of their pulp and juice4 ,they ripen when the sun is hastening toward ,libra4 ,they are found in ,frankenberg in ,hesse4 ,waxbirn1 that is1 ,wax pear1 are big-bellied at the lower end1 at the upper end taper off into a cone2 in length sometimes exceed three inches by a little1 but in width rarely exceed two inches4 ,they have a yellow or wax-like color1 whence their name has been given them1 but on that side where they have received the sun they invite those who look upon them to eat them by their pleasing1 speckled redness4 ,they have a sweet flavor1 slightly astringent2 their pulp is soft and easily melts in the mouth4 ,they ripen when the sun has entered ,virgo2 they are short-lived and do not last long4 ,they are found at ,marburg in ,hesse4 ,rostbirn1 that is1 ,rust pear1 are big-bellied in the middle and narrow down at both ends2 in length three inches and a half1 in width two inches and a half4 ,they have a yellow color1 speckled with bluish-gray spots2 they have a very mild1 sweet flavor1 and easily melt in the mouth2 because of their extreme softness they last a very short time4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn4 ,they are cultivated at ,eisleben and neighboring towns4 ,aschbirn1 that is1 ,ash pear1 have their name because they are soft like ashes and easily dissolve in the mouth4 ,they resemble the ,rust pear in shape1 color1 quality of pulp1 and flavor2 but are a little smaller1 and more conical at one end toward the stalk1 though sometimes they become big-bellied in the middle like the ,rust4 ,they ripen with the ,rust4 ,they are cultivated at ,eisleben4 ,drinkebirn1 that is1 ,drink pear1 are so called because like a drink they drive away anybody's thirst4 ,they are swollen in the middle and end in a blunt point2 in length a little over two inches1 in width scarcely two inches4 ,their color is wholly yellow1 but they redden on that side which is exposed to the sun2 they have a sweet flavor1 tender pulp1 abounding with copious and drinkable juice4 ,they ripen with the ,rust and quickly decay just as they do4 ,they are cultivated in the country near ,eisleben4 ,eyerbirn1 that is1 ,egg pear1 have received their name from their shape1 which becomes conical at both ends like a short egg2 otherwise they do not differ much from the ,drink pear in proportion and shape4 ,they are1 however1 a little smaller1 have a yellow color speckled with dots4 ,in flavor they rival the ,rust and like them are moderately astringent2 they have a very sweet fragrance1 ripen with the ,drink pear1 and quickly decay4 ,they too are found at ,eisleben and neighboring towns4 ,pfaltzgruischbirn 7,palatinate grayish-pear71 that is1 ,palatina1 which are called ,mass pear in ,hesse1 are the most excellent of the short-lived ones1 and in like manner generally end in a cone2 in length they reach two inches and a half1 in width rarely exceed two inches4 ,their color is mid-way between saffron and reddish purple4 ,they have a tender1 juicy pulp1 an exceptionally sweet flavor1 aromatic as it were4 ,they have a most pleasing fragrance both when they are whole and when they are cut1 surpassed in excellence by no other variety of pear4 ,they ripen at the end of ,august1 when the sun has entered ,virgo4 ,they are found in the ,rhine ,valley1 in ,france1 ,hesse1 and many other regions4 ,spindelbirn or ,rautenbirn 7,rhombus pear71 that is1 ,spindle pear1 are like the ,rust in shape1 color1 and size1 but a little narrower2 in substance and flavor they differ from them1 since they consist of harder pulp and so last longer2 they have a flavor astringent and at the same time sweet4 ,they ripen with the ,rust1 and are cultivated in the country about ,eisleben4 ,zuckerbirn1 that is1 ,sugar pear1 are a little more than two inches in length1 rarely as much in width2 of greenish color2 they have a tender pulp1 melting easily in the mouth like sugar1 sweet and of pleasant flavor4 ,they ripen with the ,egg pear and do not last long4 ,they are cultivated in the country about ,eisleben4 ,packelemischbirn1 that is1 ,paclemiana1 are like the ,sugar in size and shape2 their color is green and bluish-gray2 their surface is rather rough1 their pulp hard1 juicy1 and acid4 ,they ripen with the ,sugar1 and if they receive no injury they do not easily decay1 but may last for some time1 as most others do which have hard pulp and acid taste4 ,they are cultivated in the country about ,eisleben4 ,kirchmessbirn1 that is1 ,church ,mass pear1 are round and big-bellied1 and end toward the stalk in a long1 narrow1 and much attenuated point4 ,in length they are three and a half inches1 in breadth over two inches1 though even smaller ones are produced4 ,they are yellow in color1 tender and juicy in pulp1 and like the ,palatina and ,drink in flavor4 ,they ripen in autumn and last almost until the sun enters ,sagittarius4 ,they are found at ,wittemberg4 ,knaustbirn or ,gelbe ,honigbirn 7,yellow ,honey pear71 that is1 ,bread ,crust pear1 have a broad base and are swollen and almost round1 toward the stalk ending in a short1 blunt1 and rounded point2 both in length and in breadth they sometimes exceed two inches and a half1 but rarely2 they are of yellow color1 speckled generally around the bottom2 they resemble the larger ,honey in color and acidity2 their pulp is rather hard but juicy1 stony around the seed-receptacles4 ,they have a flavor between that of the larger ,honey and the ,lion and that very pleasing4 ,they ripen in autumn and sometimes last almost to the winter solstice4 ,they are cultivated at ,wittemberg and neighboring places4 ,klosterbirn1 that is1 ,cloister pear1 swell out with uneven belly and toward the stalk become conical2 they reach three inches in length and not much less in breadth4 ,they have a yellow color1 speckled with green dots2 their pulp is rather hard and somewhat stony2 their taste mildly astringent and of slightly glutinous sweetness4 ,they ripen with the ,bread ,crust pear and last as long4 ,they are found in the country about ,wittemberg4 ,glassbirn1 that is1 ,glass pear1 are round and slightly conical2 in length they generally reach two and one-third inches1 in breadth a little over two inches2 their color is light green verging on yellow2 their flesh is tender1 juicy1 astringent to the taste1 sweet and winey2 they ripen with the ,rust a little before the beginning of autumn4 ,there is an abundant crop of them at ,eisleben and neighboring towns4 ,they last until the sun enters ,sagittarius4 ,kirchbirn1 that is1 ,church pear1 have an oblong oval shape but end in a cone rather than an oval4 ,they reach two inches in length1 in width somewhat exceed an inch and a half4 ,their color is on one side yellowish-green1 on the other1 where they have received the sun1 reddish4 ,their pulp is hard1 rather juicy1 slightly sour to the taste1 and very astringent4 ,they ripen at the end of summer and last for a long time4 ,of these too there is an abundant crop at ,eisleben4 ,quittenbirn1 that is1 ,quince pear1 like the ,cloister pear1 swell out with uneven belly1 and toward the stalk end in a short point1 like the conical ,cotonea1 but protuberant ones are also found1 whence the name was given them4 ,in breadth as well as length they exceed two inches and a third4 ,they have a green color1 a hard1 juicy pulp1 rather winey and astringent to the taste4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn and last till the winter4 ,they are found at ,eisleben4 ,parissbirn1 that is1 ,parisiana1 are round at the lower end and taper to a point at the upper end4 ,their length is two and a half inches1 their width not over two inches1 or rarely more4 ,their color on one side is yellow1 but on the other1 where they have felt the sun1 purple4 ,their pulp is juicy1 their taste pleasantly astringent4 ,they ripen with those before mentioned1 lasting into the winter4 ,there is an abundant crop of them in the country about ,eisleben4 ,weybersterbenbirn1 that is1 ,women's ,death pear1 would be round1 except that toward the stalk they end in a short1 blunt point4 ,they generally exceed two inches in breadth as well as in length4 ,they have a yellow color1 saffron towards the base1 speckled with purple dots4 ,their pulp is hard and rather stony1 with juice slightly sour to the taste and very astringent1 like the ,church pear1 with which also they ripen4 ,they last into the winter4 ,they are cultivated in the country about ,eisleben4 ,klbirn1 that is1 ,cabbage pear1 are large1 almost round1 tapering to a cone1 three inches in length and one-half to one-third of an inch less in breadth4 ,they have a pale green color1 one side slightly reddish and speckled with dots4 ,their pulp is rather hard1 juicy1 somewhat sour and very astringent to the taste1 like the ,women's ,death pear1 with which also they ripen1 and they last as long4 ,they are cultivated at ,eisleben4 ,hlpenerbirn1 that is1 ,hollow pear1 are large1 big-bellied1 uneven1 and conical2 in length they sometimes exceed two and a half inches1 in width almost equal their length4 ,their color is green2 they have a juicy pulp1 winey in taste1 slightly acid1 and more astringent than the ,brassicana4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn1 and last long into the winter4 ,there is a large crop of them in the country about ,eisleben4 ,safftbirn1 that is1 ,sap pear1 are like the ,hollow pear but a little smaller and less uneven1 of a greenish-yellow color2 their pulp is solid and when cut sheds a copious juice1 when chewed passes almost wholly into juice and very little dry substance remains2 when the juice is swallowed1 it is cool to the taste1 somewhat acid1 winey1 and astringent4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn and last for a long time4 ,they are found at ,wittemberg4 ,eierlingebirn1 that is1 ,little-egg pear1 have received their name from their oval shape2 in shape and size they are midway between the ,drink and the ,egg pear2 their color is yellow1 speckled with reddish dots on a dark background4 ,they have hard1 juicy pulp1 acid to the taste1 winey1 and astringent4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn and last for a long time4 ,they grow at ,wittemberg4 ,kruselbirn1 that is1 ,curling pear1 in shape resemble a top which boys throw upon the ground wound up with a string to make it spin4 ,in length they reach three inches1 in width two and a half4 ,their color is pale green1 speckled with many green dots or spots2 their pulp is solid1 juicy1 very astringent to the taste1 somewhat acid and pleasant4 ,they last until the sun has passed ,aquarius or ,pisces4 ,they abound in ,meissen4 ,bratbirn gross1 also called ,fregelbirn1 that is1 pears for roasting1 are about the largest of all1 for sometimes they weigh a mina 7about #ae4b ounces7 and a half2 they are of globular shape1 sometimes conical1 and frequently irregular2 of a color midway between pale green and red1 redder on one side4 ,they have a pulp with pleasant juice1 astringent1 partaking somewhat of acid4 ,they grow in ,meissen1 especially at ,leisnig and ,koldit4 ,grauchenbirn1 that is1 ,gray pear1 have received their name from their color1 since they are ash-colored and at the same time greenish4 ,they are small and of globular shape1 measuring an inch in breadth as well as in length2 in appearance are in no way different from some of the wild pears2 in taste are soft1 mild1 sweet1 with a pleasantly astringent quality2 they last till after the winter solstice4 ,they grow in the country about ,meissen and ,leipzig4 ,gelbrotebirn1 that is1 ,yellow-red pear1 have an oblong pyramidal shape1 generally reaching a length of three inches1 and a width of two inches4 ,their color on one side is yellow1 on the other saffron and purple2 their pulp is soft1 astringent to the taste1 pleasant1 slightly acid1 and watery4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn1 and last till the winter solstice4 ,they grow at ,hildesheim in ,saxony4 ,grnlingebirn1 that is1 ,green pear1 are quite large1 since sometimes they exceed three inches in length1 two inches in breadth2 they have an oblong pyramidal shape1 a green color1 a juicy pulp1 sharply astringent to the taste4 ,they ripen at the beginning of autumn1 and last till after the solstice4 ,there is a large crop of them at ,hildesheim4 ,wasserbirn1 that is1 ,water pear1 rival ,green pear in size1 they have a shape big-bellied in the middle and taper to a point at both ends1 sharper and more oblong toward the stem1 but shorter and blunter near the base4 ,their color on one side is pale1 speckled with dots1 on the other reddish1 pale on the edges4 ,they have juicy pulp1 watery and rather pleasant to the taste4 ,they become ripe with the ,green pear but do not last so long4 ,they grow at ,hildesheim4 ,kegelbirn1 that is1 ,cone pear1 have the shape of a pine cone1 and from a rather broad base end in a point2 their length is three inches1 their width two2 their color on one side green1 on the other reddish4 ,their pulp is juicy1 harsh to the taste4 ,their maturity falls at the beginning of autumn1 from which time they may last till the winter solstice4 ,they are produced at ,hildesheim4 ,,the ,,pear ,,in ,,england ,much as ,america owes ,england for fruit1 farm1 and garden crops1 she is but little indebted to her for pears4 ,varieties of pears have come to the ,new ,world almost wholly from ,belgium and ,france1 not more than three or four major sorts of ,english origin being among those now commonly grown in ,america4 ,but even though the line of march in the development of varieties scarcely touches ,england1 all ,english speaking pear-growers have received instruction as to culture and have had knowledge of continental varieties transmitted to them through ,english publications4 ,in the history of fruits in ,england1 therefore1 many gleams of light illuminate the path along which the pear has been brought from the ancients to ,america4 ,no doubt the pear was brought to ,britain before the ,roman conquest4 ,tacitus1 in the first century1 says the climate of ,britain is suitable to the culture of all fruits and vegetables except the grape and the olive4 ,pliny writes that the ,britains had the cherry before the middle of the first century1 and almost certainly the pear and other fruits were introduced with it4 ,there was1 also1 a ,saxon name for the pear1 pirige1 so philologists say1 before the fall of the ,roman ,empire4 ,the years #dc and #djg mark the beginning and the end of the ,romans and of civilization in ,britain for many centuries1 and whether or not the pear was permanently established during this time there are now no means of ascertaining4 ,the climate and soil of ,england are congenial to the pear1 however1 and no doubt wild or little cultivated trees persisted until the ,norman conquest1 the spread of ,christianity1 and the building of many monasteries with orchards and gardens as essential adjuncts4 ,even in ,england under the ,normans who came in #ajff1 not much progress was made in fruit-growing4 ,tillers of the soil were hard pressed for the necessities of life and could only with difficulty harvest a bare sustenance from the land4 ,besides1 monks and nobles preyed on the starving peasants so that at no time could the farmer be sure of reaping what he planted4 ,only these monks and nobles enjoyed luxuries4 ,but even men who boasted of titles and owned large holdings of land had little room within fortified walls and on moated islands1 which constant wars made necessary1 for fruits2 nor had they time from projects of war and the pleasures of the chase to devote to the art of agriculture4 ,fortunately1 priors and abbots were well disposed toward the good things of life1 therefore made much of fruits and vegetables1 and with abundance of leisure the monks became the only proficients of the times in gardening and orcharding4 ,moreover1 they were in constant correspondence with the continent and could ascertain what culture was needed to grow perfect fruits4 ,pear culture had its beginnings in ,england1 then1 in the monasteries established under the ,normans4 ,pressed for an exact date as to when the pear began to be cultivated in ,england1 the historians would be troubled to name one4 ,there is a plan of the monastery of ,canterbury made in #aafe which shows an orchard and a vineyard4 ,history1 moreover1 relates that armed men collected in an orchard to take hand in the murder of ,thomas ,becket in #aagj4 ,men in those days set small store by written accounts1 and history must be helped out by imagination1 and we may imagine that there were pears in this orchard4 ,pears by this time had become common1 for there are records of varieties to a considerable number and in large quantities which could have been had only from rather extensive orchards4 ,mrs4 ,evelyn ,cecil#e publishes documents from the ,record office of ,england which contain items of pears bought for ,henry ,,iii and ,edward ,i at different times in the thirteenth century1 the first date being probably for the year #abbc4 ,the pears appear to be of ,french origin1 and the varieties are ,caloels1 ,pesse ,pesceles1 ,ruler1 and ,martyns4 ,in a later memorandum1 #abib-ic1 still other varieties are named as the ,regul1 ,calwel1 ,dieyer1 ,sorell1 ,chryfall1 and ,gold ,knoper4 ,the pears were sold by the hundred and were used for desert1 though pears in syrup and pears for cider are mentioned4 ,the perusal of these documents1 printed in considerable detail in ,mrs4 ,cecil's admirable book1 enables us to fix the beginning of commercial pear culture in ,england at as early a date as #abjj4 ,passing by several other references from records and financial accounts of monasteries in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries as too vague to be of importance1 although they make certain that the pear was rather widely cultivated in ,england in these two centuries1 we come at last to a noteworthy landmark in pear history in ,england1 the introduction of the ,warden pear1 which may be put at the conveniently vague date of the end of the fourteenth century1 #achh being the first year they are mentioned4 ,warden was a name used for centuries to designate a group of pear varieties having crisp1 firm flesh and which were used for culinary purposes4 ,their history runs back to the ,cistercian ,abbey of ,warden in ,bedfordshire and to a date earlier than #achh4 ,warden pears were favorites for centuries for pies and pastries which every early cook-book contained recipes for making4 ,in the early ,english literature they are considered a distinct fruit as apples1 pears1 quinces1 wardens1 and even the herbals and early fruit books count them as distinct4 ,shakespeare's clown in ,a ,winter's ,tale says3 ,i must have saffron to colour the ,warden pies4 ,the name came to signify any long-keeping1 cooking pear and even yet is so used in parts of ,england4 ,the most noteworthy landmark is found in the discussions of pears by the ,english herbalists of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries4 ,turner1 the first of these herbalists1 in his ,herbal of #aeea1 mentions the pear but without important details1 though we may infer from what he says that the pear is now a common fruit4 ,thomas ,tusser1 in his ,five ,hundred ,points of ,good ,husbandrie1 published in #aegc1 gives a list of fruits to be set or removed in ,january in which he includes pears of all sorts1 and then as a separate item includes ,warden1 white and red1 showing that ,wardens were held as distinct from the pear and that they were prominent in the orchards of the time4 ,the century ends with ,john ,gerarde's ,herball or ,generall ,historie of ,plantes1 #aeig1 in which we are brought to the realization that the pear is no longer a probationary fruit or even to be considered a novelty or luxury but a standard food product4 ,gerarde might well be quoted in full1 but since ,parkinson1 a few years later1 contains a fuller discourse1 as one of ,gerarde's editors says1 we take but a few sentences from ,gerarde4 ,varieties by this time had become numerous4 ,gerarde1 while he names but eight1 says he knew someone who grew at the point of three score sundrie sorts of ,peares1 and those exceeding good2 not doubting but that if his minde had beene to seeke after multitudes he might have gotten together the like number of those worse kindes 444 to describe each pear apart1 were to send an owle to ,athens1 or to number those things without number4 ,eight sorts are considered worth figuring1 those accorded the honor being3 the ,jenneting1 ,saint ,james1 ,royall1 ,beugomot1 ,quince1 ,bishop1 ,katherine1 and the ,winter ,peare4 ,of these the ,katherine is given further prominence by being listed as known to all4 ,if one is to judge from number of varieties1 the pear at this time is a more general favorite than the apple1 a considerably greater number of sorts being indicated4 ,parkinson's account in his ,paradisus of #afbi1 indeed does prove to be a fuller discourse for he names and describes #fe sorts2 but these are not all for he says3 ,the variety of peares is as much or more then of apples1 and ,i thinke it is as hard in this1 as before in apples1 for any to be so exquisite1 as that hee could number up all the sorts that are to be had3 for wee have in our country so manie1 as ,i shall give you the names of by and by1 and are hitherto come to our knowledge3 but ,i verily beleeve that there be many1 both in our country1 and in others1 that we have not yet knowne or heard of2 for every yeare almost wee attaine to the knowledge of some1 we knew not of before4 ,take therefore1 according to the manner before held1 the description of one1 with the severall names of the rest1 untill a more exact discourse be had of them1 every one apart4 ,some of the names in ,parkinson's list are group names covering several varieties4 ,thus1 he says1 the ,winter ,bon ,chretien is of many sorts2 and again1 the ,winter ,bergomot is of two or three sorts2 and1 the ,winter peare is of many sorts4 ,parkinson's descriptions are brief but written with rare clearness1 and the old herbalist seems to have possessed a nicety of observation that commends him to all who have eyes for the distinguishing characters of fruits4 ,with ,parkinson our history of the pear in ,england must come to a close1 since later accounts are available to all1 and therefore as an important inventory1 and because every word is pertinent1 his account of varieties is republished4 ,the ,summer bon ,chretien is somewhat a long peare1 with a greene and yellow russetish coate1 and will have sometimes red sides2 it is ripe at ,michaelmas3 ,some use to dry them as they doe ,prunes1 and keepe them all the yeare after4 ,i have not seene or heard any more ,summer kindes hereof then this one1 and needeth no wall to nourse it as the other4 ,the ,winter bon ,chretien is of many sorts1 some greater1 others lesser1 and all good2 but the greatest and best is that kinde that groweth at ,syon3 ,all the kinds of this ,winter fruit must be planted against a wall1 or else they will both seldome beare1 and bring fewer also to ripenesse1 comparable to the wall fruit3 ,the kindes also are according to their lasting2 for some will endure good much longer than others4 ,the ,summer ,bergomot is an excellent well rellished peare1 flattish1 short1 not long like others1 of a meane bignesse1 and of a darke yellowish greene colour on the outside4 ,the ,winter ,bergomot is of two or three sorts1 being all of them small fruit1 somewhat greener on the outside then the ,summer kindes2 all of them very delicate and good in their due time3 ,for some will not be fit to bee eaten when others are well-nigh spent1 every of them outlasting another by a moneth or more4 ,the ,diego peare is but a small peare1 but an excellent well rellished fruit1 tasting as if ,muske had been put among it2 many of them growe together1 as it were in clusters4 ,the ,duetete or double headed peare1 so called of the forme1 is a very good peare1 not very great1 of a russettish browne colour on the outside4 ,the ,primating peare is a good moist peare1 and early ripe4 ,the ,geneting peare is a very good early ripe peare4 ,the greene ,chesill is a delicate mellow peare1 even melting as it were in the mouth of the eater1 although greenish on the outside4 ,the ,catherine peare is knowne to all ,i thinke to be a yellow red sided peare1 of a full waterish sweete taste1 and ripe with the foremost4 ,the ,king ,catherine is greater than the other1 and of the same goodnesse1 or rather better4 ,the ,russet ,catherine is a very good middle sized peare4 ,the ,windsor peare is an excellent good peare1 well knowne to most persons1 and of a reasonable greatnesse3 it will beare fruit some times twice in a yeare 7and as it is said7 three times in some places4 ,the ,norwich peare is of two sorts1 ,summer and ,winter1 both of them good fruit1 each in their season4 ,the ,worster peare is blackish1 a farre better peare to bake 7when as it will be like a ,warden1 and as good7 than to eate rawe2 yet so it is not to be misliked4 ,the ,muske peare is like unto a ,catherine peare for bignesse1 colour1 and forme2 but farre more excellent in taste1 as the very name importeth4 ,the ,rosewater peare is a goodly faire peare1 and of a delicate taste4 ,the ,sugar peare is an early peare1 very sweete1 but waterish4 ,the ,summer ,popperin both of them are very good dry firme peares1 somewhat spotted1 and brownish on the ,the ,winter ,popperin outside4 ,the greene ,popperin is a winter fruit1 of equall goodnesse with the former4 ,the ,soveraigne peare1 that which ,i have seene and tasted1 and so termed unto me1 was a small brownish yellow peare1 but of a most dainty taste2 but some doe take a kind of ,bon ,chretien1 called the ,elizabeth peare1 to be the ,soveraigne peare2 how truely let others judge4 ,the ,kings peare is a very good and well tasted peare4 ,the peare ,royall is a great peare1 and of a good rellish4 ,the ,warwicke peare is a reasonable faire and good peare4 ,the ,greenfield peare is a very good peare1 of a middle size4 ,the ,lewes peare is a brownish greene peare1 ripe about the end of ,september1 a resonable well rellished fruit1 and very moist4 ,the ,bishop peare is a middle sized peare1 of a reasonable good taste1 not very waterish2 but this property is oftentimes seene in it1 that before the fruit is gathered1 7but more usually those that fall of themselves1 and the rest within a while after they are gathered7 will be rotten at the core1 when there will not be a spot or blemish to bee seene on the outside1 or in all the peare1 untill you come neare the core4 ,the ,wilford peare is a good and a faire peare4 ,the ,bell peare a very good greene peare4 ,the ,portingall peare is a great peare1 but more goodly in shew than good indeed4 ,the ,gratiola peare is a kinde of ,bon ,chretien1 called the ,cowcumber peare1 or ,spinola's peare4 ,the ,rowling peare is a good peare1 but hard1 and not good before it bee a little rowled or bruised1 to make it eate the more mellow4 ,the ,pimpe peare is as great as the ,windsor peare1 but rounder1 and of a very good rellish4 ,the ,turnep peare is a hard winter peare1 not so good to eate rawe1 as it is to bake4 ,the ,arundell peare is most plentifull in ,suffolke1 and there commended to be a verie good peare4 ,the ,berry peare is a ,summer peare1 reasonable faire and great1 and of so good and wholesome a taste1 that few or none take harme by eating never so many of them4 ,the ,sand peare is a reasonable good peare1 but small4 ,the ,morley peare is a very good peare1 like in forme and colour unto the ,windsor1 but somewhat grayer4 ,the peare pricke is very like unto the ,greenfield peare1 being both faire1 great1 and good4 ,the good ,rewell is a reasonable great peare1 as good to bake as to eate rawe1 and both wayes it is a good fruit4 ,the ,hawkes ,bill peare is of a middle size1 somewhat like unto the ,rowling peare4 ,the ,petworth peare is a winter peare1 and is great1 somewhat long1 faire1 and good4 ,the ,slipper peare is a reasonable good peare4 ,the ,robert peare is a very good peare1 plentiful in ,suffolke and ,norfolke4 ,the ,pound peare is a reasonable good peare1 both to eate rawe1 and to bake4 ,the ,ten ,pound peare1 or the hundred pound peare1 the truest and best1 is the best ,bon ,chretien of ,syon1 so called1 because the grafts cost the ,master so much the fetching by the messengers expences1 when he brought nothing else4 ,the ,gilloflower peare is a winter peare1 faire in shew1 but hard1 and not fit to bee eaten rawe1 but very good to bake4 ,the peare ,couteau is neither good one way nor other4 ,the ,binsce peare is a reasonable good winter peare1 of a russetish colour1 and a small fruit3 but will abide good a long while4 ,the ,pucell is a greene peare1 of an indifferent good taste4 ,the blacke ,sorrell is a reasonable great long peare1 of a darke red colour on the outside4 ,the red ,sorrell is of a redder colour1 else like the other4 ,the ,surrine is no very good peare4 ,the ,summer ,hasting is a little greene peare1 of an indifferent good rellish4 ,peare ,gergonell is an early peare1 somewhat long1 and of a very pleasant taste4 ,the white ,genneting is a reasonable good peare1 yet not equall to the other4 ,the ,sweater is somewhat like the ,windsor for colour and bignesse1 but nothing neare of so good a taste4 ,the bloud red peare is of a darke red colour on the outside1 but piercing very little into the inner pulpe4 ,the ,hony peare is a long greene ,summer peare4 ,the ,winter peare is of many sorts1 but this is onely so called1 to bee distinguished from all other ,winter peares1 which have severall names given them1 and is a very good peare4 ,the ,warden or ,luke ,wards peare of two sorts1 both white and red1 both great and small4 ,the ,spanish ,warden is greater than either of both the former1 and better also4 ,the peare of ,jerusalem1 or the stript peare1 whose barke while it is young1 is as plainly seene to be stript with greene1 red1 and yellow1 as the fruit it selfe is also1 and is of a very good taste3 being baked also1 it is as red as the best ,warden1 whereof ,master ,william ,ward of ,essex hath assured mee1 who is the chiefe keeper of the ,kings ,granary at ,whitehall4 ,hereof likewise there is a wilde kinde no bigger than ones thumbe1 and striped in the like manner1 but much more4 ,the ,choke peares1 and other wilde peares1 both great and small1 as they are not to furnish our ,orchard1 but the ,woods1 ,forrests1 ,fields1 and ,hedges1 so wee leave them to their naturall places1 and to them that keep them1 and make good use of them4 ,three hundred years have played havoc with the pears ,parkinson knew4 ,none are known in ,america1 and unless the ,pound of ,parkinson is the ,pound of today1 not a half dozen are found in current lists in ,england4 ,parkinson's ,catherine1 ,winter ,bon ,chretien1 ,windsor1 ,bergamot1 possibly the ,pound1 and his ,gergonell1 the ,jargonelle of today1 are about all the names that would be recognized by modern pear-growers4 ,the pear shows far fewer familiar names at the end of three centuries than ,parkinson lists of apples1 plums1 cherries1 or even the peach in ,europe4 ,dropping old varieties can only be interpreted as improvement in the pear4 ,the pear1 it seems certain1 has been more profoundly changed for the better through the touch of man's hand than the other fruits named since ,parkinson wrote4 ,for this1 pomology has the ,belgians to thank4 ,pear culture seems to have reached its height1 if it be judged by its literature and by the number of varieties cultivated1 early in the nineteenth century4 ,the ,belgians' passion for pears was no doubt the chief stimulus1 for the ,belgian breeders spread their offerings with generous hand throughout ,england4 ,in #ahbf1 the catalog of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london listed #fbb pears4 ,pomology in ,england was then1 and is now as compared with ,america1 an art of the leisure classes4 ,this has been an advantage and a disadvantage to the pear in ,england4 ,the advantage is that when fruit is grown for pleasure many varieties are grown to add novelty to luxury so that the fruit is thereby more rapidly improved and its culture brought to greater perfection4 ,the disadvantage is that those who grow fruit for market find a poorer market for their wares since those who should be their best customers supply their own wants4 ,for the reason1 therefore1 that the ,english take delight in growing their own fruit1 pear-growing is not the great commercial enterprise that it is in ,america4 ,pear-growing in ,england differs from that of ,america in another respect4 ,the pear-tree in ,england is built as much as planted4 ,in many plantations each tree has a precise architectural form4 ,the plants are trained into fans1 cordons1 espaliers and u-forms on walls2 or as pyramids1 globes1 or vases in the open2 sometimes in fantastic shapes to suit the fancy of the grower2 and now and then as a hedge or border4 ,the undisciplined standards of ,america are hardly known1 though what the ,english call a standard seems to be increasing4 ,this difference in training is due in part to the necessity of meeting different climatic conditions1 and in part to greater devotion on the ,englishman's part to the art of gardening--the use of the shears1 the knife1 and the billhook give the gardener greater scope4 ,the pear-tree in ,england is often decorative as well as useful4 ,,the ,,pear ,,in ,,america ,the pear is a popular fruit in ,america1 but its culture as a commercial product is limited to a few favored localities4 ,from the earliest records of fruit-growing in ,america the pear has been grown less than the apple and peach and scarcely more than the cherry and plum4 ,in ,europe1 it is a question if the pear is not more commonly grown than the apple1 and is much more common than the plum and the peach1 the last-named fruit being grown out of doors for most part only in southern ,europe4 ,pears are more varied in size1 shape1 texture1 and flavor of flesh than others of the hardy tree-fruits1 and in length of season exceed all others excepting the apple4 ,varieties of pears1 possibly1 have the charm of individuality more marked than varieties of its orchard associates4 ,the trees1 where environment permits their culture1 are not difficult to grow1 and attain greater size1 produce larger crops1 and live longer than any other hardy fruit4 ,why1 then1 is the pear not more popular in ,america8 ,conditions of climate1 pests1 season of ripening1 taste1 and trade prevent the expansion of pear-culture on this side of the ,atlantic4 ,the climate in most parts of ,america is uncongenial to the pear4 ,pears from the ,european stock1 to which most varieties grown in ,america belong1 thrive only in relatively equable climates1 and do not endure well the sudden and extreme variations in climate to which most parts of this continent are subject4 ,extremes of heat or cold1 wetness or dryness1 are fatal to the pear4 ,in ,north ,america1 therefore1 commercial pear-culture is confined to favored localities on the ,atlantic seaboard1 about the ,great ,lakes1 and on the ,pacific slope4 ,even in these favored regions1 pears sent to market come largely from the plantations of specialists4 ,on the ,atlantic seaboard1 ,european pears are products of commerce only in southern ,new ,england and ,new ,york1 westward through ,ohio on the shores of ,lake ,erie1 and in the southern lake regions of ,michigan4 ,away from these bodies of water to the ,pacific1 varieties of ,european pears refuse to grow except with the utmost care in culture and selection of sites4 ,on the ,pacific slope1 in the hardy-fruit regions1 the pear reaches its highest development in the ,new ,world4 ,oriental pears1 or varieties having ,oriental blood1 as ,kieffer and ,le ,conte1 are grown in every part of ,america where the culture of hardy fruits is attempted4 ,liability to loss by pests is a great detriment to the popularity of the pear in ,america4 ,the insect pests of pears are numerous4 ,codling-moths attack the fruit wherever the pear is grown in ,america1 and can be kept down only by expensive arsenical sprays4 ,the psylla1 while irregular in its outbreaks1 is most damaging and hard to control when it appears4 ,these are the chief insect enemies1 but a dozen others take more or less toll from tree or fruit4 ,foliage and fruit are attacked by several parasitic fungi1 of which pear-scab is most troublesome1 requiring treatment wherever the pear is grown1 and under favorable conditions for the fungus preventives often fail to give the fruits a fair cheek4 ,but of all diseases pear-blight is the most serious1 its effects and virulency being such as to give it the popular name fire-blight4 ,it is caused by a bacterium which cannot be checked by sprays1 and must be combatted with expensive and unsatisfactory sanitary measures1 such as cutting out branches and trees1 so drastic as to make impossible commercial cultivation of pears in regions where climate favors the disease4 ,pears compete with apples more than with any other fruit1 but are at a disadvantage with this near relative in having a much shorter period during which the fruits can be used4 ,varieties of the two fruits begin to ripen at nearly the same season1 but there are few sorts of pears in season later than ,december1 and these are of poorer quality than the fall varieties2 while apples are abundant and of prime quality four or five months later1 and may be kept until early apples usher in a new season4 ,during most of its season1 also1 the pear must compete with the perishable summer and autumn plums and peaches1 so luscious and delectable that the firmer and less highly flavored pome-fruits suffer in comparison4 ,still another reason why the pear is not a popular dessert fruit in ,america is that1 of all fruits1 the varieties of this one are the most variable in quality of the product4 ,sorts that should produce pears of highest quality bear fruits poor or indifferent in texture and flavor in unfavorable seasons1 on unsuitable soils1 or under neglect4 ,good pears can be grown only when environmental factors are favorable and under the most generous treatment4 ,extensive cultivation of the ,kieffer and its kin for canning has hindered the cultivation of pears for the fruit-stand and to grace the table as a dessert fruit4 ,so common has the ,kieffer become that many of the present generation are hardly aware that the pear may be a delicious fruit to eat out of hand4 ,lastly1 the pear falls short of the apple as a commercial product because it is not nearly so satisfactory to handle as a commercial crop4 ,pears are more difficult to pack1 and do not stand transportation as well as apples4 ,they cannot be kept in cold storage nearly as long1 and decay more quickly when brought into warmer temperatures4 ,the demand for evaporated pears is slight in comparison with that for evaporated apples1 and although perry1 the expressed juice of pears1 is quite as refreshing as cider1 this by-product of the fruit is little known in ,america4 ,as a prepared product1 the pear surpasses the apple only as a canned fruit4 ,failing in comparison with the apple1 as a commercial product1 pears are largely left to fruit connoisseurs1 and with these a generation ago the pear was the fruit of fruits1 many splendid collections of it having been made in regions where pears could be grown4 ,with the expansion of commercial fruit-growing1 collections of pears1 and with them many choice varieties1 have gone out of cultivation--more is the pity--and pear-growing has expanded least of all the fruit industries in the ,united ,states4 ,with this brief discussion of the present status of pear-culture in this country1 we can proceed to trace the history of the pear with more exactness by reason of knowing its limitations under ,american conditions4 ,the peach is the only hardy fruit that belongs to the heroic age of ,spanish discovery in the ,new ,world4 ,pears1 apples1 plums1 and cherries came to the new continent with the ,french and ,english4 ,the early records of fruit-growing in ,america show that the pear came among the first luxuries of the land in the ,french and ,english settlements from ,canada to ,florida4 ,pioneers in any country begin at once to cultivate the soil for the means of sustenance4 ,naturally1 cereals and easily-grown nutritious vegetables receive attention first as giving more immediate harvests and more sustaining fare to supplement game and fish4 ,agriculture and gardening usually precede orcharding1 and this was the case in early settlements in ,america1 but not long4 ,the first generation born in colonial ,america knew and used all of the hardy fruits from ,europe2 as many records attest1 and of which there is confirmatory proof with the pear in many ancient pear-trees of great size near the old settlements1 some of which were planted by the first settlers from ,europe4 ,of pears1 many notable trees planted by the hands of the first ,english and ,french who crossed the seas to settle the new country were conspicuous monuments in various parts of ,america in the memory of men still living1 if1 indeed1 some of the old trees themselves are not still standing4 ,of these ancient pear-trees1 ,new ,england furnishes the most notable monuments to mark the introduction of this fruit in the ,new ,world4 ,fortunately1 their histories have been preserved in several horticultural annals1 and of these accounts the fullest and best is by ,robert ,manning1 ,jr41 in the ,proceedings of the ,american ,pomological ,society for #ahge1 pages #ajj to #ajc4 ,manning's notes throw so much light on the early history of the pear in ,new ,england1 as well as upon the varieties then grown1 that they are published in full4 ,the ,endicott ,pear4 ,the tradition in the ,endicott family is that this tree was planted in #afcj4 ,it is said that the trees constituting the original orchard came over from ,england in ,june1 in the ,arabella with ,governor ,winthrop1 or in one of the other ships of the fleet arriving at ,salem in ,june4 ,the farm on which the tree now stands1 not having been granted to ,endicott until #afcb1 it is not probable that the trees were planted there before that time1 but they might have been at first set in the ,governor's town garden at ,salem1 where the ,rev4 ,francis ,higginson1 on his arrival in the summer of #afbi1 found a vine-yard already planted4 ,the tradition further states that the ,governor said that the tree was of the same date with a sun-dial which formerly stood near it4 ,this dial1 after having passed through the hands of the ,rev4 ,william ,bentley1 ,d4,d41 is now in the ,essex ,institute in ,salem1 and bears the date #afcj1 with the ,governor's initials4 ,the farm1 which early bore the name of ',orchard1' was occupied and cultivated by the ,governor and his descendants for #ahd years1 from #afcb to #ahaf1 and was held solely by the original grant until #ahbh1 a period of #aif years4 ,under these circumstances the history of the tree is more likely to have been handed down correctly than if the estate had changed hands4 ,it is certain that ,governor ,endicott was early engaged in propagating trees1 for in a letter to ,john ,winthrop in #afdd1 he speaks of having at least #ejj trees burnt by his children setting fire near them1 and1 in a letter to ,john ,winthrop1 ,jr41 a year later1 of being engaged to pay for #aejj trees4 ,as early as #agfc the tree was very old and decayed4 ,it was very much injured in the gale of #ahjd4 ,in the gale of #ahae it was so much shattered that its recovery was considered doubtful4 ,it was injured again in a gale about #ahdc4 ,for the last fifty years it has been protected by a fence around it4 ,in #ahcg it was eighty feet high by measurement and fifty-five feet in the circumference of its branches1 and does not probably vary much from these dimensions now4 ,two suckers have sprung up on opposite sides of the tree1 which bear the same fruit as the original1 proving it to be ungrafted4 ,it stands near the site of the first mansion of the ,governor1 on a slope where it is somewhat sheltered from the north and north-west winds4 ,the soil is a light loam1 with a substratum of clay4 ,grafts taken from the old tree grow very vigorously4 ,from a pomological point of view1 the fruit is of no value4 ,it is hardly of medium size1 roundish1 green1 with more or less rough russet1 very coarse1 and soon decays4 ,it may be of interest to state that the farm on which the old tree stands is again in the ,endicott name1 having lately been purchased by a descendant of the ,governor4 ,the tree stands in the town of ,danvers originally a part of ,salem4 ,for further facts concerning this tree1 see the ,transactions of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society for #ahcg1 and also an article by ,charles ,m4 ,endicott1 a descendant of the ,governor1 in ,hovey's ,magazine of ,horticulture1 vol4 xix1 p4 #bed1 ,june1 #ahec1 from which the above account has been mainly derived4 ,each of these articles is illustrated with a cut of the pear4 ,the ,orange ,pear4 ,this tree is owned by ,capt4 ,charles ,h4 ,allen1 and stands in his yard on ,hardy street1 ,salem4 ,the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,bentley1 who died about #ahbj1 investigated the history of this tree and found it to be then #ahj years old1 which would make it now #bce years old4 ,the trunk is hollow1 nine feet five inches in circumference in the smallest part near the ground2 just below the limbs it is several inches more4 ,the tree is more than forty feet high1 and the limbs are supported by shores4 ,it was grafted in the limbs1 as a branch fifteen or twenty years old1 shooting out several feet higher than a man's head1 produces ',button' pears1 and a large limb1 part of which was ',button' which grew out still higher up1 was blown off several years ago4 ,in the very favorable pear season of #ahfb it bore thirteen and a half bushels of pears4 ,it bears in alternate years1 having produced eight and a half bushels in #ahgc4 ,the brittleness of the limbs of old pear trees is well known1 yet ,capt4 ,allen1 with a care worthy of imitation1 gathers every pear1 excepting about a dozen specimens1 by hand4 ,this variety was1 until the introduction of the modern kinds1 highly esteemed4 ,it is above medium size1 averaging fifty-six pears to the peck1 globular obtuse pyriform1 covered with thin russet1 juicy when gathered early and ripened in the house2 of pleasant flavor but rather deficient in this respect4 ,it is ripe about the middle of ,september4 ,it was considered by my father a native1 and was called by him the ,american ,orange1 and after examination of the descriptions and plates1 ,i cannot think it the same as the ,orange ,rouge or ,orange d',automne of ,duhamel1 ,decaisne1 and ,leroy4 ,the ,hon4 ,paul ,dudley1 ,esq41 of ,roxbury1 in some ',observations on some of the ,plants in ,new ,england with remarkable ,instances of the ,power of ,vegetation1' communicated to the ,royal ,society of ,london 7,i quote from the ',philosophical ,transactions1' abridged1 ,london1 #agcd1 ,vol4 ,,vi1 ,part ,,ii1 p4 #cda71 says3 ',an ,orange ,pear ,tree grows the largest1 and yields the fairest fruit4 ,i know one of them near forty ,foot high1 that measures six ,foot and six ,inches in ,girt1 a ,yard from the ,ground1 and has borne thirty ,bushels at a ,time1 and this ,year ,i measured an ,orange pear1 that grew in my own ,orchard1 of eleven ,inches round the ,bulge4' ,if this is1 as believed1 of native origin1 it is the oldest ,american fruit in cultivation1 unless we except the ,apple pear1 which is probably of about the same date4 ,this is small1 oblate1 of pale yellow color1 ripening in ,august4 ,it is quite distinct from the ,poire ,pomme d',hiver1 of ,leroy1 and ,i think also from the ,poire ,pomme d't1 of the same author4 ,i had supposed the variety to be extinct1 but last year discovered in a garden in ,salem the remnant of an old tree with a trunk four feet in diameter1 and still producing fruit4 ,the ,orange pear tree which produced the specimens exhibited1 was inherited by the present owner from his father1 to whom it came from his wife4 ,it had descended to her almost from the first settlement of ,salem1 but partly in the female line1 so that the name of the owner sometimes changed4 ,the house on the estate was built in #ahab1 having replaced one which was pulled down after standing #aej years4 ,within the period of a generation there were standing in ,salem several trees of the ,orange pear1 some of which were reputed to be more than two centuries old1 and all of which were undoubtedly very ancient1 but they are all now gone except ,capt4 ,allen's1 the last one having been blown down in the winter of #ahgd-ge4 ,i have heard a tradition that this last mentioned tree was one of several imported from ,england and planted in gardens at intervals on the northerly side of the principal street in ,salem4 ,this tradition may or may not be true with regard to these trees1 but it would not apply to the ,allen tree1 for the height at which it was grafted forbids the idea that it was imported from ,england in a grafted state4 ,the ,anthony ,thacher ,pear4 ,this tree stands near the meadows about a fourth of a mile north of the ,universalist church in ,yarmouth1 where ,anthony ,thacher's house formerly stood4 ,it is a large1 rotten-hearted old tree4 ,it has lost nearly all its old branches1 but has thrown out many new ones4 ,the late ,judge ,george ,thacher1 who1 if now living1 would be #abj years old1 inquired into its history1 and made the matter certain that it was planted by ,anthony ,thacher about #afdj4 ,it is believed to be a grafted tree1 as it contracts two or three inches at about a foot and a half from the ground4 ,it is taken good care of and will probably last many years4 ,it is now owned by the heirs of ,james ,c4 ,hallet4 ,there are other trees of the same kind in the vicinity1 but their age cannot be proved4 ,the fruit is of medium size1 ovate pyriform1 green1 changing to yellow at maturity1 of tolerable quality1 ripening early in ,september4 ,for the specimens exhibited1 as well as the facts above noted1 ,i am indebted to the kindness of ,amos ,otis1 ,esq41 of ,yarmouth ,port1 who had made the local history of ,cape ,cod his study for the last fifty years1 and who died much lamented on the #aith of ,october last4 ,anthony ,thacher came from ,england in #afce1 and after residing in ,marshfield1 removed to ,yarmouth in #afci1 being one of the three original grantees of land in that town4 ,the late ,dr4 ,james ,thacher1 of ,plymouth1 author of the ',american ,orchardist' 7published in #ahba71 was a descendant of ,anthony in the sixth generation4 ,anthony ,thacher accompanied his cousin1 ,rev4 ,john ,avery1 in that disastrous voyage of which ,whittier has perpetuated the memory in his ballad1 ',the ,swan ,song of ,parson ,avery4' ,anthony ,thacher got ashore on ,thacher's ,island1 the headland of ,cape ,ann1 and gave name to the island4 7,see ,whittier's ',home ,ballads' and ,young's ',chronicles of the ,first ,planters of ,massachusetts1' p4 #dhe47 ,i endeavored1 but without success1 to obtain fruit from the pear tree planted at least as early as #afej1 by ,governor ,prence1 or ,prince1 at ,eastham1 on ,cape ,cod1 and now owned by ,capt4 ,ezekiel ,doane4 ,it is known as the ,fall pear4 ,it is about the size of a hen's egg1 tapering towards both ends1 green1 nearly covered with thin russet1 of inferior quality1 but not as coarse as the ,endicott4 ,in #ahcf it was a flourishing1 lofty tree1 producing an average of fifteen bushels of fruit4 ,it consisted of two stems1 branching from the ground1 the larger of which was blown down in the great storm of ,april1 #ahea4 ,the portion now remaining is thirty-five feet high4 ,it is a natural tree and has not failed of bearing for twenty years4 ,it stands in low ground4 ,the ,pickering or ,warden ,pear4 ,this tree was grafted on the #aith of ,april1 #agge1 the day the battle of ,lexington was fought1 and must have been at that time a small tree4 ,it is called by the owner the ,uvedale ,warden or ,pickering pear1 which are synonyms of the ,uvedale's ,st4 ,germain or ,pound1 but it is entirely distinct from that variety1 being much smaller as well as otherwise different4 ,it resembles1 and very probably is identical with1 a variety which ,i have known as the ,english ,warden1 but which ,i do not find described in any pomological work1 and have not seen for years4 ,it is of medium size1 turbinate1 light yellow1 with a dull brownish cheek1 in use in winter1 for cooking only4 ,paul ,dudley says1 in the paper above quoted1 ',i have a ,warden ,pear ,tree that measures five ,foot six ,inches round4' ,the ,pickering tree contracts suddenly at about a foot from the ground1 where it must have been grafted4 ,it shows no sign of being grafted elsewhere4 ,below the point of grafting1 it is full two feet in diameter and is about twenty-five feet high4 ,it stands in a low1 moist place4 ,the top was much injured by the great gale of ,september1 #ahfi1 losing several large limbs1 but the tree is on the whole in good preservation4 ,in the same garden is a tree probably as old or older1 believed to be a ,messire ,jean4 ,the estate1 now much circumscribed from its original extent1 on which this tree stands1 has been in the same family since #afdb1 having been purchased in that year by ,john ,pickering1 who came from ,england in #afcg1 and built the house1 now standing and occupied by the owner1 in #afea4 ,it is on ,broad street1 ,salem4 ,the tree was grafted by ,john ,pickering1 of the fifth generation4 ,the ,hon4 ,timothy ,pickering1 eminent for his incorruptible integrity and immovable firmness1 who successively held the offices of ,adjutant-general and ,quartermaster-general in the ,revolutionary army1 and of ,postmaster-general1 ,secretary of ,war1 and ,secretary of ,state in the ,cabinet of ,president ,washington1 and continued to hold the last named office under ,president ,adams1 was a brother of ,john4 ,at the breaking out of the ,revolution he was ,colonel of the ,essex regiment1 and on the day when this tree was grafted by ,john ,pickering1 who was an invalid1 his more vigorous brother mustered his regiment and marched to intercept the retreating ,british troops4 ,timothy ,pickering was also interested in agriculture1 having been ,secretary of the ,philadelphia ,society for ,promoting ,agriculture1 the oldest agricultural society in the ,united ,states1 and after his return to ,massachusetts1 was the first ,president of the ,essex ,county ,agricultural ,society4 ,the estate on which the old pear tree stands was devised by ,john ,pickering1 who died unmarried1 to his nephew ,john1 son of ,timothy1 the most eminent ,american philologist of his time4 ,on his death1 it descended to his son ,john1 the present owner1 to whom ,i am indebted for the facts here stated1 as well as for the specimens of fruit exhibited at ,chicago last ,september4 ,out of an embarrassing number of references in regard to the early introduction of the pear in ,new ,england one may choose the following3 ,francis ,higginson1 writing in #afbi1 notes that pears are under cultivation in ,new ,england4#f ,in the same year1 a memorandum of the ,massachusetts ,company shows that seeds of pears1 with those of other fruits were sent to the colony4#g ,trees from these seeds grew amazingly fast in the virgin soils of the colony1 for ,john ,josselyn1 who made voyages to ,new ,england in #afch and #afci1 writing in his ,new ,england ,rarities ,discovered1 notes that fruit trees prosper abundantly enumerating1 among others1 those of the pear4#h ,josselyn further says the ,kernels sown or ,succors planted produce as fair and good fruit1 without grafting1 as the trees from which they were taken1 and that the ,countrey is replenished with fair and large ,orchards4 ,as early as #afda a nursery had been started in ,massachusetts and no doubt was selling pear-trees4 ,these probably came from seeds1 for trees were not imported until in the next century4 ,varieties were few then as for many years later4 ,in #agbf1 ,paul ,dudley1 one of the ,chief ,justices of ,massachusetts1 in a paper in the ,philosophical ,transactions1 says1 ,our apples are without doubt as good as those of ,england1 and much fairer to look to1 and so are the pears1 but we have not got all the sorts4 ,in another paragraph1 ,justice ,dudley gives the following account of several varieties of pears in these first orchards in ,new ,england4 ,he says3#i ,an ,orange ,pear ,tree grows the largest and yields the fairest ,fruit4 ,i know one of them near forty ,foot high1 that measures six ,foot and six ,inches in ,girt1 a ,yard from the ,ground1 and has borne thirty ,bushels at a ,time3 and this year ,i measured an ,orange ,pear1 that grew in my own ,orchard1 of eleven ,inches round the ,bulge4 ,i have a ,warden ,pear ,tree1 that measures five ,foot six ,inches round4 ,one of my ,neighbors has a ,bergamot ,pear ,tree that was brought from ,england in a ,box1 about the ,year #afdc1 that now measures six ,foot about1 and has borne twenty-two ,bushels of fine ,pears in one ,year4 ,about twenty years since1 the ,owner took a ,cyon1 and grafted it upon a common ,hedge ,pear2 but the ,fruit does not prove altogether so good1 and the ,rind or ,skin1 is thicker than that of the ,original4 ,thus1 early in the history of ,massachusetts1 the pear was largely planted and became a prominent fruit4 ,these early plantations grew so well that no doubt they inspired the horticulturists of the first half of the nineteenth century1 of which the names of ,dearborn1 ,hovey1 ,kenrick1 the two ,mannings1 and ,wilder are notable in the history of the pear in this country1 to undertake the popularization of this fruit by extensive culture1 by breeding new varieties1 and by the introduction of the best pears from ,europe4 ,their work1 as we shall see later1 gave pear-growing its first great impetus in ,america4 ,until the middle of the last century1 the pear industry in ,america centered in ,massachusetts2 and most of the new varieties which originated in this country and nearly all of the introductions from abroad came from that state4 ,the pear was not neglected in the other ,new ,england states as the horticultural records of all attest1 but its history in the several states is so similar in time and events that the account of its early culture in ,massachusetts suffices for the whole region4 ,it must1 however1 be noted that the pear was introduced in ,maine at a very early date1 probably by the ,french4 ,in an orchard on the east bank of the ,sheepscot1 below ,wiscasset ,bay1 a venerable pear-tree stood until early in the nineteenth century of such girt and height that it was supposed to be more than #bjj years old4 ,of the planting of this orchard there are no records nor traditions4 ,the most reasonable supposition was that the trees had been planted there by the ,french in one of the several attempts of ,france to colonize the coast of ,maine4#aj ,this introduction of the ,french in the history of the pear in the ,new ,world1 brings us to a discussion of the part they took in bringing this fruit to ,america4 ,the debt to ,france for early horticulture in ,america rests largely on tradition1 but in the case of the pear1 there are such substantial proofs of it in ancient pear-trees of enormous size found on the sites of old ,french settlements1 that though there are no written records1 and even the people and their habitations have disappeared1 it is certain that the seeds from which these venerable trees sprang were planted by early ,french explorers or missionaries4 ,the first plantings of pears made by the ,french were in ,canada4 ,history and tradition1 substantiated by ancient trees1 make certain that this fruit was planted by the first ,french settlers in ,nova ,scotia1 ,cape ,breton1 ,prince ,edward ,island1 in favored situations bordering on the ,st4 ,lawrence1 and on the islands in this river1 notably the ,island of ,montreal4 ,later plantations of fruit were set in the ,niagara region and along the ,detroit river4 ,no new varieties seem to have come from these early plantings in ,canada1 but they demonstrated that pear-growing was possible4 ,the history of the pear in ,america cannot be written without making note of the magnificent specimens of this fruit standing until recent years--a few may still be found--about the old ,french settlements in ,michigan1 ,indiana1 and ,illinois4 ,these are offspring of seeds brought from ,france4 ,a century ago the ,french habitants in ,detroit had a tradition as to the manner in which these pears were introduced4 ,the legend ran that an emigrant from ,france brought three pear seeds in his vest pocket1 which1 planted on the banks of the ,detroit river1 became the parents through suckers and seeds of the gigantic old pear-trees that have long been such striking landmarks of the towns and farms on the ,detroit river4 ,no doubt these trees are the remains of orchards in which there were apples1 and possibly some plums and cherries1 of which the shorter-lived trees long since disappeared1 while the pears1 flourishing in a green old age1 are the sole remaining relics of the old ,french settlements of this region4 ,the writer herewith puts on record another account of these truly remarkable pears as he saw them in #ahii4 ,all of these ancient ,french pears are of the same type1 but the fruits vary slightly1 indicating that the trees were grown from seeds1 although some may have come from sprouts since many of the trees throw out sprouts abundantly4 ,the pears are of medium size1 usually turbinate1 and lemon-yellow is the predominating color4 ,the ripening season runs from late summer to early winter4 ,the flesh is melting1 juicy1 usually mildly sweet1 spicy1 not high in quality for dessert but excellent for all culinary purposes4 ,but the most remarkable characters of these ,french pears are the great size of the trees and their vigor1 healthfulness1 productiveness1 and longevity4 ,the trees have the majestic port of a century-old elm or oak4 ,they attain a height of eighty feet2 a girt of eight or ten feet is not uncommon1 while one monarch measured by the writer fell a few inches short of eleven feet in circumference three feet from the ground4 ,the leaves are small but abundant1 and are of the luxuriant green color that betokens great vigor4 ,the trees have attained immunity to blight1 but the fruits are inviting prey to codling-moth when that insect is rife4 ,in these rich river-bottom lands the trees almost annually load themselves with fruit1 a crop of from forty to fifty bushels on one tree not being uncommon4 ,no one knows the age of most of these ancient lichen-covered giants1 although one which stood until a few years ago was known to have been planted within the pickets of the palisaded fortress of ,detroit in #agje4 ,a generation or two ago1 these ,french pears were very common about the ,french settlements of ,michigan and ,canada in this region but they have been disappearing fast1 until it is doubtful if any of those set by ,french habitants can be found now4 ,the pears possessed no commercial value1 and were replaced by named varieties better known by fruit-growers and nurserymen4 ,it is doubtful if the trees of the newcomers will ever attain the age1 size1 vigor1 and productiveness of these oldtimers of the ,french1 characters which make them noteworthy in the history of the pear in ,america4 ,pear-trees of enormous size survive on other sites of old ,french settlements in the ,united ,states to show what notable horticulturists the early missionaries of this people were1 who1 we are many times told in the early records1 usually surrounded their missions and homes with trees of the apple1 peach1 pear1 and cherry4 ,pear-trees very like those found about the ,french settlements in ,canada and ,michigan still grow in the rich intervale lands of the ,wabash and ,mississippi in ,indiana1 ,illinois1 and ,missouri4 ,vincennes1 ,indiana1 was settled by the ,french in #agjb2 ,kaskaskia and ,cahokia1 ,illinois1 about #afhe2 ,st4 ,louis1 ,missouri1 in #agfd4 ,these may be set down as approximate dates in which horticulture began in these inland regions4 ,when the ,english conquered these settlements they found giant pear-trees which persisted well into the last century1 the second generation of which were scattered far and wide in the river settlements of this region4 ,tradition says that a ,monsieur ,girardin1 a native of ,france1 planted a pear orchard from seeds he brought with him at ,cahokia about #aghj1 from which came the ,prairie du ,pont pear1 a small1 roundish1 lemon-colored fruit similar to the ,french pears of ,detroit1 borne on an immense blight-proof tree4 ,no doubt the variety could still be found in this part of the ,mississippi valley4 ,one wishes that the ,american-born descendants and the conquerers of these early settlers from ,normandy were as energetic in forwarding horticulture as the first settlers4 ,after the invasion of the ,english and later the ,americans1 there is little evidence of progress in horticulture in this region1 until the early years of the nineteenth century4 ,another famous pear-tree of the ,middle ,west is worthy of notice as an evidence of early interest in horticulture4 ,this tree1 known as the ,ockletree pear1 from the name of its owner1 has acquired fame as the largest pear-tree of which there is record4 ,the tree was a seedling brought from ,pittsburgh1 ,pennsylvania1 in #ahjd1 and was planted in an orchard at ,vincennes1 ,indiana4 ,it bore a number of record-breaking crops1 the largest of which was #adj bushels of pears borne in #ahcg4 ,in #ahee1 the trunk measured ten and one-half feet in circumference at the smallest place below the limbs2 the top was estimated to have a spread of #ge feet4 ,the tree gained its great port and productiveness from spread of branch rather than height1 which was estimated to be only #fe feet4 ,the variety was unknown1 but the fruit was said to be somewhat inferior in quality4 ,this monarch of its species was struck by a tornado in #ahfg which stripped off its branches and caused the death of the tree a few years later4 ,another living monument marked the beginnings of pear-culture in ,america until #ahff1 when the trunk1 little more than a shell1 was broken down by a dray1 having furnished shade and shelter in a ,new ,york garden for #bbj years4 ,this garden was laid out by the redoubtable ,peter ,stuyvesant who took the reins of government in ,new ,amsterdam in #afdg1 at which time this pear-tree was planted4 ,the pear was a ,summer ,bon ,chrtien1 said to have been imported from ,holland in a tub4 ,stuyvesant's garden1 kept in a high state of cultivation by forty or fifty negro slaves1 was called the ,bouwery1 now the ,bowery1 and the pear-tree in it stood at what is now the corner of ,third ,avenue and ,thirteenth ,street4 ,no doubt other pears were imported from ,holland at the same time1 and from these and seeds and sprouts1 this fruit was started in the ,dutch settlements up and down the ,hudson1 where the pear even to this day is a favorite fruit1 finding here a more congenial soil and climate than in any other part of ,america4 ,soon after ,governor ,stuyvesant planted his bowery of fruits1 flowers1 and vegetables1 the ,french laid out orchards in the vicinity of ,new ,york ,city4 ,after the revocation of the ,edict of ,nantes in #afhe1 many ,huguenots fled to ,america4 ,in #afhi1 some of these ,french emigrs settled at ,new ,rochelle1 ,new ,york1 and on ,long ,island4 ,the trees grown by the ,huguenots were usually grafted1 the parent plants having been brought from ,france4 ,no doubt1 it was from these importations that ,white ,doyenn1 ,brown ,beurr1 ,st4 ,germain1 ,virgouleuse1 and many other old ,french sorts that seem to have been in ,america from time immemorial came4 ,however1 the pear1 in common with other fruits1 was more largely grown from seeds in these pioneer days than from buds or grafts4 ,fruits were known and grown as species and not as varieties almost wholly in ,america until the nineteenth century4 ,the sale of budded or grafted trees began in ,new ,york1 so far as records show1 with the establishment of a nursery at ,flushing1 ,long ,island1 in #agcj1 by ,robert ,prince4 ,this nursery afterwards became the famous ,linnaean ,botanic ,garden4 ,at what date ,prince began to offer grafted pears for sale cannot now be ascertained1 but advertisements appearing in #agfg1 #agga1 and #agij offer named varieties at these dates4 ,the following is a list of pears offered by the ,princes in #agga3aa ,bergamot ,russelet ,catharine ,early sugar ,vergalieu ,baurre vert ,july ,winter baurre ,monsier ,jean ,baurre de roy ,trom valette ,green chissel ,french primative ,swan's egg ,winter bon cretan ,colmar ,easter bergamot ,cressan ,amber ,spanish bon cretan ,chaumontelle ,large bell ,citron de camis ,la ,chassaire ,summer bergamot ,hampden's bergamot ,autumn bergamot ,doctor ,uvedale's ,st4 ,germain ,amozelle ,large winter1 weighs near two pounds ,lent ,st4 ,germain ,pear wardens ,brocaus bergamot ,empress ,winter bergamot ,large summer baking ,jargonelle ,the black pear of ,worcester or ,parkinson's warden ,roussilon ,the skinless ,cuissemadam ,green catharine ,coincident with the establishment of nurseries selling named varieties of pears another event of prime importance to pear-growers occurred4 ,pear-blight became epidemic in the orchards along the ,hudson1 and while it must have been noticed before1 its ravages at this time brought it prominently to the attention of pear-growers4 ,the disease seems to have been first mentioned by ,william ,denning who described it in the ,transactions of the ,society for the ,promotion of ,agriculture for #agid 7pt4 #b1 p4 #bai7 in an article on the decay of apple-trees4 ,denning says that he first saw the malady in orchards on the highlands of the ,hudson in #aghj attacking apples1 pears1 and quinces4 ,he gives a good description of the disease1 but says it is caused by a borer in the trunk which he found after much labor4 ,from ,denning's discovery until ,burrill a hundred years later1 in #ahhb1 discovered a cause of the disease and suggested a preventive1 every treatise on the pear speculates on the cause and cure of pear-blight1 a disease which has been and is the terror and despair of growers of this fruit4 ,philadelphia was another center of pear-growing in the early settlements of the country4 ,the ,quakers1 settling in ,pennsylvania in #afhb1 planted all of the hardy fruits2 which were soon1 as we are several times told1 a great asset to the colony4 ,no results worthy of note seem to have come from these early plantings until nearly a half century later when ,john ,bartram#ab founded1 in #agbh1 what became a famous botanic garden4 ,the ,bartram ,botanic ,garden became almost at once the clearing house for native and foreign fruits and plants1 and to it came several varieties of pears for distribution throughout the colonies4 ,here1 the first variety of the pear to originate in ,america of which we have definite record1 came into existence4 ,this was the ,petre pear raised by ,bartram1 from seeds sent him from ,england by ,lady ,petre4 ,the seed was planted in #agce near the stone house which ,bartram built with his own hands4 ,the tree still stands1 somewhat stricken with its two centuries1 but withal a noble specimen seemingly capable of breasting the blows of age for many years to come4 ,the pear industry of the eastern ,united ,states is confined to the regions in which the history of this fruit has been traced1 and most if not all of the varieties that originated in this country until the middle of the nineteenth century came from the importations to these ,french1 ,dutch1 and ,english settlements4 ,there is little profit1 therefore1 in attempting to trace further the history of pear-culture on the ,atlantic seaboard in colonial times4 ,pears were grown in the states south of ,pennsylvania1 for many references are found in the colonial records of the southern states1 but they bring out no new facts to illuminate the history of this fruit in ,america4 ,the ,quakers and ,swedes grew pears in the regions watered by the ,delaware1 and the ,english in ,maryland1 ,virginia1 and ,north ,carolina all planted pears with the other hardy fruits only to find that they so quickly succumbed to unfavorable climate and the blight as to be unprofitable4 ,the ,bergamy and ,warden1 in particular1 are mentioned as varieties of this fruit grown in the colonial period of the southern colonies4 ,perhaps one1 at least1 of these lesser centers of pear-growing somewhat to the south of the pear regions in which there are now commercial plantations should receive notice4 ,in #agid1 ,william ,coxe1#ac ,burlington1 ,new ,jersey1 began planting experimental orchards4 ,coxe was acquainted with the leading pomologists of ,europe and his own country1 and collected the best varieties of tree-fruits to be found in the ,united ,states1 ,england1 and ,france4 ,in #ahag1 he published his ,view of the ,cultivation of ,fruit ,trees1 and the ,management of ,orchards and ,cider1 etc41 the first ,american book on pomology4 ,this pioneer pomologist described #fe varieties of pears1 most of which he had grown at one time or another on his own place1 and names #ba other sorts that were grown in his and neighboring states4 ,coxe seems to have been the first nurseryman to import new varieties from the ,old ,world4 ,to ,coxe1 more than to any other one man1 the regions adjacent to the ,delaware are indebted for the early development of fruit-growing both for pleasure and profit1 and the whole country is indebted to him for the introduction of many fine fruits4 ,a new phase in the history of the pear began soon after the ,revolutionary war4 ,until this time1 and until well into the next century1 tree-fruits were nearly all seedlings4 ,the pears of the country until as late as #ahcj were for most part seedlings1 the fruits varying greatly in size1 shape1 color1 and flavor4 ,according to the accounts of the times1 the product was so hard of flesh and so astringent in flavor as to be fit only for cooking and perry4 ,indeed1 the great object in growing apples1 pears1 and peaches was the making of cider1 perry1 and peach-brandy4 ,good eating pears were few indeed4 ,but beginning in a small way with ,coxe in ,new ,jersey1 as noted1 a little later with ,william ,kenrick1 ,newton1 ,massachusetts1 and still later with ,robert ,manning1 ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 the importation of ,european varieties of fruits became an important part of the nursery business4 ,the importation of pears became an obsession with ,manning1 his nursery alone importing several hundred varieties4 ,manning's work must have a more extended notice4 ,in #ahbc1 ,robert ,manning established a pomological garden at ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 to collect and test as many varieties of fruits as he could obtain1 native and foreign1 with the intention of propagating and distributing those which proved most worthy4 ,in furthering this great project he entered into correspondence with the leading pomologists of ,europe1 and from them secured trees and cions1 which1 with native sorts1 brought his collection up to #bjjj varieties of fruits at the time of his death in #ahdb4 ,more than half of the varieties planted by ,manning were pears4 ,this1 it will be remembered1 was the period in which ,belgian1 ,french1 and ,english pomologists were making pears a specialty1 and led by ,van ,mons1 the ,belgian scientist1 had succeeded in putting almost a new pear flora in the hands of fruit-growers4 ,manning grew in ,america nearly all of ,van ,mons' introductions1 received direct from the originator1 and many acquisitions from other ,european pomologists as well1 notably many varieties from ,robert ,thompson of the ,london ,horticultural ,society4 ,manning was one of the most careful observers amongst ,american pomologists1 and to him pear-growers are indebted for the first full and accurate descriptions of the fruits grown in his time in this country4 ,these were published in #ahch in his ,book of ,fruits4 ,american pomologies before and many since were compilations4 ,manning made his descriptions first-hand and described no fruit not actually identified beyond a reasonable doubt of its genuineness4 ,after ,manning1 one might well scan the work of several eminent ,american pomologists who made pears a specialty4 ,robert ,manning1 ,jr41 continued the work of his father with this fruit and the two ,downings1 ,wilder1 ,barry1 and ,thomson found the pear the most interesting of the fruits which they grew4 ,to all of these men1 pomologists are indebted for the introduction of many new and choice pears2 for the identification of varieties2 for the correction of the nomenclature of this fruit2 for testing hundreds of seedlings and native and foreign varieties2 and for the distribution of pears throughout the whole country4 ,a history of the pear in ,america requires some mention of its introduction in the ,pacific states since that region is now the greatest center of the pear industry in the country1 and the home of several notable varieties4 ,franciscan monks established missions in ,california at about the time the colonies on the eastern coast were fighting for their independence4 ,to these they brought the cultivated plants of ,europe and among them the pear4 ,vancouver1 in #agib1 found all of the hardy fruits growing at ,santa ,clara and the mission of ,san ,buena ,ventura1 ,california4 ,robinson1 a little later1 describes extensive orchards connected with the mission of ,san ,gabriel in which there were pears in abundance4 ,in #ahdf1 ,edwin ,bryant found at the mission of ,san ,jose six hundred pear-trees bearing fruit in great abundance and full perfection4 ,the missions were secularized in #ahcd1 and the orchards fell into decay4 ,but the pear and the vine withstood neglect1 drouth1 and the browsing of cattle to furnish food to the ,argonauts of '#di4 ,but little came of these early plantings that affects the present industry of growing pears in ,california either as to methods of culture or the introduction of new varieties4 ,as an example of the remarkable recuperative power of the pear1 however1 the orchard which ,bryant described in #ahdf at the ,san ,gabriel ,mission is noteworthy4 ,an enterprising pioneer1 ,w4 ,m4 ,stockton1 grafted over the old orchard in #ahed to improved varieties1 and by pruning1 cultivation1 and irrigation succeeded in rejuvenating it so that the orchard became a profitable commercial plantation--the first commercial pear orchard in ,california4 ,there are other instances given in the early accounts of fruit-growing in ,california in which the youth of old pear-trees was renewed by generous treatment1 showing that the pear in a congenial soil and climate is most self-assertive in maintaining life4 ,it could hardly be otherwise than that the health and vigor of these old trees stimulated the planting of fruits by the gold-seekers who rushed to this region in #ahdi4 ,meanwhile1 orcharding had been established as an avocation4 ,in the rich ,willamette ,valley in ,oregon1 where the growing of wheat and cattle was the vocation1 the plantations of hardy fruits made by ,henderson ,lewelling1 near ,portland1 ,oregon1 in #ahdg1 included pears and marked the beginning of pear-culture in ,oregon4 ,lewelling's venture1 so pregnant with results in pomology for the ,pacific ,northwest1 has been described in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york1 and needs no detailed description here4 ,it is mentioned only to call attention to it as another landmark in the history of the pear4 ,the padres began the cultivation of the pear at the missions4 ,the pioneers of '#dg in ,oregon and '#di in ,california started a new era in the cultivation of this and other tree-fruits by introducing named and improved varieties and extending their cultivation along the coast from ,british ,columbia to ,lower ,california4 ,so far1 the plantings were fruit gardens1 not orchards4 ,the era of commercial fruit-growing began in the year #ahfi in which the first fresh fruits were sent east by rail1 the shipment amounting to thirty-three tons1 mostly pears and apples4 ,this event marks the beginning of a great industry in growing pears on the ,pacific slope for the fresh fruit market1 and was followed shortly by the introduction of canning and evaporation to use up the surplus product4 ,the special demands of these three more or less distinct industries called for new varieties1 and ,american pomology has been enriched by a score or more varieties of pears from this great pear region4 ,an event which has had a profound influence on pear-growing in the whole country was the introduction of ,oriental pears and their hybrids4 ,the mongrel offspring of the ,oriental with the ,european pear were unfortunate in regions where pure-bred ,european sorts can be grown1 but in vast tracts of the ,united ,states1 as almost the whole of the ,south and the ,middle ,west1 only hybrids of the two species find a congenial environment1 and here varieties with ,oriental blood became a great asset4 ,the introduction of these pears1 also1 has greatly stimulated the canning of this fruit in regions where fruit-preserving is an industry4 ,it was hoped that these hybrids could be used successfully as stocks upon which ,european varieties could be worked1 but the stocks have not proved satisfactory1 and their use is decreasing4 ,the ,oriental1 ,chinese1 or ,sand pear came into ,america from ,asia by the way of ,europe4 ,the importation into ,europe was made by the ,royal ,horticultural ,society of ,london in #ahbj4 ,there seems to be no record of when these pears reached ,america1 but they were growing in the ,prince ,nursery as early as #ahdj under the names ,chinese pear and ,sha ,lea4 ,here1 or in one of several nurseries to which it was sent by ,prince1 the ,oriental seems to have hybridized with the ,european pear1 the product being the ,le ,conte1 which came to notice in #ahdf and is the first of these hybrids on record4 ,the ,kieffer fruited first in #ahgc and proved to be much better than ,le ,conte except in certain parts of the ,south4 ,the ,garber1 another valuable hybrid1 came to notice about #ahhj4 ,there are now1 perhaps1 two score of these hybrids1 with new ones coming from time to time4 ,these hybrid pears1 while not blight-proof1 are more immune to blight than the ,european varieties1 and pear-breeders are hybridizing the two species with the hope of obtaining a variety with the fruit of the ,european type on a tree of the ,oriental type4 ,several promising seedlings bred with this combination in view have been announced1 and the number of these hybrids is certain to be increased as time goes on4 ,the advent of ,russian pears in the ,united ,states must also be mentioned as a notable event in the history of this fruit4 ,russian pears are hardy strains of ,pyrus communis grown from time immemorial in ,russia4 ,the fruits of these ,russian varieties are low in quality1 but the trees are much hardier than those of strains coming from more southern parts of ,europe4 ,some seventy or eighty of these hardy pears have been imported from ,russia1 the first shipment coming in #ahgi from ,st4 ,petersburg4 ,for a few years importations followed rapidly1 and fruit-growers in cold regions had high hopes of being able to grow pears in competition with growers in more favored regions4 ,the fruits turned out to be so poor in quality and the trees so subject to blight1 however1 that the cultivation of all but a few varieties has ceased4 ,of the whole number1 ,bessemianka1 possibly1 is the only one worthy of comparison with the pears of southern ,europe1 and this sort is rated as poor where the southern pears are grown4 ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1#ad ,ames1 ,iowa1 and ,charles ,gibb1 ,montreal1 ,canada1 were the two men most instrumental in bringing these pears to ,america4 ,the chief import of these brief records of the origin and history of cultivated pears in several countries is to show the evolution of this fruit4 ,it is hoped that the chapter will furnish inspiration for further amelioration of the pear1 and that it contains facts that will be helpful in the future development of this fruit4 ,the men1 times1 and places have historical and narrative interest to pomologists2 but these are quite secondary to the knowledge of what the raw material was from which our pear flora has been fashioned1 and the methods of domestication that were employed4 ,this chapter is only a sketch--the briefest possible outline of how the leading types of pears came to be1 and how and when they came to ,america4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,species ,,of ,,pears ,,and ,,their ,,characters ,the pear belongs to the great order ,rosaceae1 the ,rose ,family4 ,there are about ninety genera in this family1 the most important of all botanical groups to growers of hardy fruits1 of which ten or twelve bear pome-fruits4 ,of the genera whose fruits are pomes1 only two contain important hardy fruits1 namely1 ,pyrus1 to which belong apples1 crab-apples1 and pears2 and ,cydonia1 the quince4 ,three other genera are of lesser importance1 but must be named to show their relationship to the pear4 ,these are ,mespilus1 the medlar1 grown in ,europe but little known in ,america2 ,chnomeles1 the ,japanese quince1 well known as an ornamental1 the fruits of which are used for conserves2 and ,amelanchier1 the ,juneberry1 a common fruit in ,american forests4 ,one other genus in this family has possibilities for domestication but is not yet cultivated for its fruits in ,america4 ,this is ,cratgus1 comprising the hawthorns and thorn-apples1 the fruits of which are edible and several species of which are cultivated in various parts of the world as food plants4 ,nearly every botanist who has attempted to classify plants has grouped the pome-fruits according to a plan of his own4 ,there are1 therefore1 several classifications of genera and species of the pomes1 in consequence of which the nomenclature is badly confused4 ,a century ago the tendency was for botanists to put in the genus ,pyrus the apple1 pear1 crab-apple1 quince1 medlar1 sorbus1 and chokeberry4 ,the modern tendency is to segregate these fruits in distinct genera in accordance with common names4 ,as a rule the differences which suggest a distinct common name suffice for a botanical division4 ,the pear and apple1 however1 are usually kept together in ,pyrus1 and botanists generally agree that separation in species is sufficient1 or1 at most1 that the separation should not be greater than in two sections of the genus4 ,happily1 the difficulties of classification in botany trouble little or not at all in pomology1 as each of the pome-fruits constitutes a distinct pomological group4 ,the distinguishing characters of ,pyrus are3 ,woody plants1 trees or shrubs1 with smooth or scaly bark4 ,leaves simple1 or sometimes lobed1 alternate1 usually serrate1 deciduous1 with deciduous stipules which are free from the petiole4 ,flowers perfect1 regular1 borne in compound terminal cymes2 torus urn-shaped1 adnate to the ovary and inclosing it with thick1 succulent flesh at maturity2 calyx-lobes #e1 acuminate and reflexed1 persistent in some and deciduous in other species2 petals #e1 white1 pink or red1 inserted on the thickened border of the disk2 stamens #ae to #bj1 in three rows2 styles #b to #e1 free or united below2 carpels #b to #e1 inferior1 crowned by the styles1 usually #b-seeded4 ,fruit an ovoid or pyriform pome2 seeds two in each cell1 brown or brownish1 lustrous1 mucilaginous on the outer surface4 ,the genus comprises fifty to sixty species in the north temperate zone of the three continents4 ,the largest number is found in south-central and eastern ,asia4 ,in ,north ,america1 ,pyrus is represented by five species1 while eight or nine species inhabit ,europe4 ,in several of the species there are many natural varieties4 ,the two sections of ,pyrus1 given the rank of genera by some authors1 are distinguished as follows3 #a4 ,apples 7,malus74 ,flowers pink1 rose-color1 red or sometimes white1 borne in fascicles or subumbellate clusters on short spurs or lateral branchlets2 ovary #c- to #e-;celled2 styles more or less united at the base4 ,fruit more or less globular with a distinct depression at both ends1 the flesh without grit cells1 rounded at the base4 ,the species in this section number #cj to #dj1 of which not more than a half dozen are domesticated4 #b4 ,pears 7,pyrus74 ,flowers white1 few1 borne in corymbs on short spurs or lateral branchlets2 ovary #e-;celled2 styles usually free4 ,fruit usually pyriform1 sometimes subglobose1 usually conical at the base1 the flesh usually bearing grit cells when ripened on the tree4 ,the species number #ae to #bj of which but two are truly domesticated1 but several others give promise of value for stocks and possibly for their fruits4 ,,the ,,structural ,,botany ,,of ,,the ,,pear ,a major purpose in ,the ,pears of ,new ,york is to describe varieties of pears so that their faults and merits can be seen1 and that varieties may be identified4 ,it is apparent at once that one cannot describe accurately nor understand the descriptions of others unless acquainted with the organs of tree and fruit--one must know the form and structure of the whole plant4 ,a study of the organs of plants is structural botany4 ,plant descriptions are portraitures of the plant's organs1 and structural botany thus becomes the foundation of systematic pomology1 with a study of which1 as concerns the pear1 we are to be chiefly concerned in the following pages4 ,we must1 therefore1 pay some attention to the structural botany of the pear4 ,a pear is one of the pome-fruits4 ,what is a pome8 ,a pome is variously defined by students of structural botany4 ,the most conspicuous part of the apple1 pear1 or quince1 the best-known pome-fruits1 is the outer1 fleshy1 edible part4 ,this succulent part is said by some botanists to be the thickened calyx2 others say that it is the enlarged receptacle4 ,some botanists believe that a pome consists of two to five drupe-like fruits1 each drupe called a carpel1 each of which contains one or more seeds4 ,these drupes1 if they are rightly so-named1 are held together by a fleshy receptacle4 ,the best definition seems to be that a pome is a fleshy fruit of which the compound ovary is borne within and connected to the receptacle4 ,,characters ,,of ,,pear-,,trees ,pome-fruits are all woody plants1 shrubby or tree-like1 of which the pear is always a tree4 ,the value of the variety and the recognition of it usually depend on characters of the fruits1 but the trees are nearly as distinct as the fruits1 are always helpful in identification1 and in the absence of fruit must be relied upon to identify a variety4 ,also1 and even more important1 the pear-grower must know whether the plant is manageable in the orchard1 for which purpose he must have a description of the chief characters of the tree4 ,size and habit of tree4--,size of tree is a very reliable character to determine varieties of pears4 ,the ,winter ,nelis pear is dwarf as compared with other pears4 ,size varies greatly with environment1 it must be remembered in using this character4 ,the terms large1 small1 and medium are commonly used to designate size4 ,vigor1 which may be defined as internal energy1 must not be confused with size4 ,small trees may be as vigorous as large ones4 ,the term habit of growth1 as used by pomologists1 has reference to the form of the top4 ,in describing the tops of pear-trees a number of self-explanatory terms are used1 such as pyramidal1 upright-spreading1 drooping1 tall1 low1 dense1 open-topped1 and round-topped4 ,many if not most varieties of pears may be told by the form of the top4 ,one can tell ,bartlett or ,clapp ,favorite at a glance by their upright branches2 as one can1 also1 ,beurr d',anjou and ,beurr ,superfin by their wide-spreading branches2 or ,winter ,nelis pear by its drooping branches4 ,depending upon the form of the top1 a variety is easy or difficult to manage in an orchard4 ,constitutional characters4--,hardiness1 productiveness1 susceptibility to pests1 adaptability to diverse soils and climates are vaguely supposed to be dependent on the constitution of the tree4 ,pomologists very generally refer to these characters as constitutional4 ,they speak of the constitution as the aggregate of the vital powers of a variety4 ,horticulturally1 hardiness is ability to withstand cold4 ,obviously1 hardiness is of utmost importance in characterizing the value of a variety to the pear-grower1 and degree of hardiness is of some use in identifying pears4 ,bartlett and ,beurr ,bose are relatively tender to cold1 ,tyson is hardy1 and ,flemish ,beauty is very hardy4 ,less important1 but still of some importance1 is the ability to withstand heat1 a character possessed in varying degrees by varieties of pears4 ,productiveness1 age of bearing1 regularity of bearing1 certainty of bearing1 and longevity are constitutional characters that must be noted in full descriptions4 ,all help to determine the value of a variety1 and all aid more or less in classification4 ,for most part1 these are inherent characters and are influenced but little by environment4 ,the degree of susceptibility of a variety to fungous diseases and insect pests is a valuable cultural character1 but has little use in identifying or classifying pears4 ,there are great variations in varieties of pears to the dreaded pear-blight3 ,bartlett1 ,beurr ,bose1 ,beurr d',anjou1 and ,clapp ,favorite are among the varieties most susceptible2 ,kieffer1 ,seckel1 and ,winter ,nelis are among those least susceptible to blight4 ,kieffer and related hybrids are somewhat immune to ,san ,jose scale1 but are very susceptible to psylla4 ,flemish ,beauty and ,white ,doyenn are so badly attacked by the scab-fungus that it is almost impossible to grow them in eastern ,america4 ,some of these constitutional characters are much modified by care and environment1 as all are more or less4 ,care and local environment often make it possible to grow varieties in special localities1 although some varieties are inherently adapted to a greater number of diverse conditions than others4 ,bartlett1 ,seckel1 and ,kieffer have in common as one of their most valuable characters adaptability to a great diversity of soils and climates4 ,trunk and branch4--,the trunk does not count for much in descriptions of varieties4 ,the height of the trunk usually depends on the whims of the pruner4 ,whether stout or slender is sometimes noteworthy4 ,the bark may be smooth or shaggy4 ,color of bark is often a valuable diagnostic character1 especially in young trees4 ,many if not most varieties of pears can be identified in nursery rows by an expert nurseryman from the color of the bark4 ,seckel1 ,sheldon1 and ,beurr d',anjou have remarkably distinctive color as young trees4 ,the branches of pear-trees are often reliable guides in identifying varieties in orchard or nursery1 especially when trees are leafless and fruitless4 ,the twisting1 drooping branches of ,winter ,nelis serve to identify that variety at any time4 ,the zigzag branches of ,beurr d',anjou and ,bloodgood are typical4 ,the branches of ,beurr ,superfin are rough and shaggy4 ,those of ,dorset and ,fox are slender4 ,the branches of several well-known pears are spiny4 ,a glance through the technical descriptions in ,chapter ,,iv shows that branches and branchlets are variously colored4 ,the branchlets may be stout or slender1 long-jointed or short-jointed1 pubescent or glabrous1 straight or zigzag4 ,the angle at which branchlets are set is often characteristic4 ,the epidermis may be smooth or covered with scarf-skin4 ,lastly1 the size1 shape1 color1 number1 and position of the corky cells or lenticels on young wood is most important in identifying trees after leaves have fallen4 ,leaf-buds and leaves4--,size1 length1 and shape of leaf-buds are helpful in identifying varieties when the trees are dormant4 ,there is considerable difference in the length of buds of different varieties1 and they may vary in thickness2 some are plump1 others are slender4 ,the shape can usually be described as acute1 pointed1 obtuse1 or conical4 ,if the bud lies close to the twig1 it is said to be appressed2 if it stands from the twig at a considerable angle1 it is free4 ,in some varieties the leaf-scar is conspicuous2 in others1 it is inconspicuous4 ,while leaves vary much in accordance with the condition of the plant which bears them1 yet they offer a number of valuable distinguishing characters4 ,it is important in making use of leaves to take only those borne on free-growing twigs1 as those growing on luxuriant water-sprouts on the one hand1 or on slow-growing spurs on the other are seldom typical4 ,the size of the leaf is a most valuable determinant of varieties of pears4 ,length and breadth should be given in figures4 ,the shape should be depicted in carefully chosen words4 ,the body of the leaf is usually ovate or oval1 but these shapes must nearly always be modified by broad or narrow1 long or short4 ,the apex requires a descriptive word or two2 as1 taper-pointed1 acute1 or obtuse4 ,thickness and texture are sometimes noteworthy4 ,the texture is usually described as stiff1 leathery1 or pliant4 ,sometimes the leaves are flat2 sometimes folded upward1 and rarely they are folded downward4 ,the color of both the upper and lower surfaces is often important2 and the amount of pubescence1 if present1 must always be noted on the two surfaces4 ,the autumnal tint is a marked characteristic in some varieties4 ,the margins offer valuable evidence for identification in the character of the serrations which are usually distinct in a variety4 ,sometimes glands and hairs are found on the margins1 in which case they are usually noteworthy4 ,the time of appearance and the fall of leaves are life events that distinguish some varieties4 ,leaves are many in some sorts2 few in others4 ,the length1 thickness1 color of the petiole and whether it is smooth1 pubescent or channeled are usually worth noting4 ,the presence and the size and color of stipules are often important enough to record4 ,the petioles of pear leaves are larger and slenderer than those of the apple1 and the foliage of a pear-tree has something of the tremulous habit of the aspen and other poplars4 ,the leaves have a gloss that distinguishes them at once from those of the apple-tree4 ,as a rule1 the foliage of the pear drops earlier in the autumn than that of the apple4 ,when the leaves of pears open in the spring they are folded along the midrib1 and are covered with snow-white wool1 but at full maturity no trace of this woolly covering remains4 ,the amount and texture of this covering on the leaves of different varieties vary greatly1 although it is doubtful if this character is of much use for taxonomic purposes4 ,flower-buds and flowers4--,it is not possible to distinguish flower-buds from leaf-buds by their external appearance as certainly as might be wished for the purposes of ascertaining what the crop will be and that pruning and budding may be done more intelligently4 ,as a rule1 however1 the flower-buds are larger1 plumper1 and have a blunter point4 ,the flower-buds are much like leaf-buds in color--usually a dark brown4 ,they may be readily told by their contents when examined under a microscope4 ,time of opening is a mark of distinction with varieties that bloom very early or very late1 but the flowers of most varieties of pears open at approximately the same time4 ,the flowers of pears give small opportunity to identify varieties but are useful4 ,the petals in most of the flowers of varieties of ,p4 communis meet or lap at the widest point1 which is a short distance from the point of attachment4 ,occasionally a variety has the petals widely separated4 ,easter ,beurr1 ,vermont ,beauty1 and ,dana ,hovey are examples of varieties with widely-separated petals4 ,round and broadly-oval petals meet or lap1 long narrow petals are usually separated4 ,the size1 shape1 and color of the petals offer the best means of identification from flowers4 ,the length1 thickness1 and amount and kind of pubescence on the styles may distinguish varieties4 ,the styles of the ,howell pear are abnormally short4 ,the number of flowers in a cluster1 and whether the cluster is dense or loose are important4 ,the character of the fruit-spurs is nearly always noteworthy4 ,the calyx-tubes1 calyx-lobes1 and pedicels differ materially4 ,these structures in the flower1 while offering decisive evidence in identification1 are seldom used by pomologists because character of plant and fruit may be studied during a much longer time and are of greater cultural importance4 ,in the blooming season1 length1 diameter1 and the pubescence of stamens may be noted1 but much more important taxonomically is the position of the stamens on the calyx-tube in the mature fruit4 ,these organs1 or remnants of them1 persist in the ripened fruits1 as will be noted in the discussion of characters of the fruit4 ,lastly1 some varieties may be told during the blooming season by the distribution of the blossoms on the tree4 ,the flowers of many varieties are borne on the periphery of the tree1 and give the plant an aspect by which one may recognize the variety at once4 ,if a variety is not noteworthy in the characters for which the fruit is grown--those which appeal to the senses of taste and sight--it has small chance of being cultivated long or widely4 ,hence1 especial attention is paid to descriptions of the fruit4 ,some pomologists describe varieties only from the fruit1 saying little or nothing about the plant4 ,,fruit-,,characters ,,of ,,pomes ,season and use4--,perhaps season is the first1 and certainly it is one of the most important characters to be noted in the ripened fruit4 ,by season is meant the period in which a variety is in proper condition for use4 ,unless otherwise stated1 season has reference to the period during which fruit is in condition in ordinary storage1 as it is understood that cold-storage greatly prolongs the natural season4 ,the terms summer1 fall1 and winter1 sometimes modified by early or late1 give the season with sufficient accuracy4 ,keeping quality and shipping quality1 both dependent on several factors1 are usually mentioned in connection with season4 ,rather closely connected with season is use4 ,the uses for which a variety is particularly suited should always be indicated4 ,thus1 a market variety is one suitable for the general market2 a local market sort is one which does not stand handling well enough for the general market but is acceptable in local trade4 ,a variety for dessert or table is suitable for eating in the uncooked state2 cooking or kitchen varieties are desirable for culinary purposes4 ,size and shape of fruit4--,of external characters of pears1 size is important if several typical specimens can be examined1 but is often misleading because under the stress of environment abnormal specimens may be produced4 ,gradations in size are expressed by the terms large1 medium1 and small1 modified by very1 above1 and below4 ,used in connection with size1 uniform signifies that the fruit of a variety runs fairly even in the same size4 ,shape is the most important character in describing the fruit4 ,it may be used with immature as well as mature specimens4 ,in determining the shape of the fruit1 the pear should be held opposite to the eye perpendicular to the diameter from stem to calyx2 or the fruit may be cut longitudinally at its widest diameter4 ,the shape of the body of the pear is usually described first1 followed by a description of the narrow part bearing the stem1 if this neck is prominent enough to be noteworthy4 ,a pear is pyriform when the curve formed by the body and neck is concave2 turbinate1 or top-shaped1 when the body is nearly round with a short neck4 ,the neck may be long or short1 distinct or obscure1 obtuse or acute4 ,sheldon is typically turbinate2 ,beurr d',anjou1 ,beurr ,bose1 and ,bartlett are all pyriform4 ,a graphic record should accompany a description of the fruit to show size and shape4 ,a simple outline drawing serves the purpose4 ,the stem4--,varying as little as any other character of the pear1 the stem is much used in identification4 ,it may be long and slender1 as in the ,beurr ,bose2 short and thick1 as in ,doyenn du ,comice2 fleshy1 as in ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey2 clubbed1 when enlarged at the end2 and lipped when the flesh forms a protuberance under which the stem is inserted4 ,the stems of pears are often set obliquely as in ,beurr ,clairgeau2 or are crooked or curved as in ,howell4 ,in a few varieties the stems are channeled4 ,the stems of some pears have distinguishing colors1 those of others are pubescent4 ,in some pears1 as ,souvenir d',espren1 there are bud-like projections on the stem4 ,the length of the stem in pears is a reliable diagnostic character only when it is known from what part of the flower-cluster the fruit was developed4 ,for1 as a rule1 the nearer the flower to the tip of the raceme in the pear1 the shorter the stem on the fruit4 ,cavity and basin4--,the cavity1 the depression in which the stem is set1 offers several marks which greatly enhance the value of a description of any of the pears4 ,the cavity may be acute or obtuse2 shallow1 medium1 or deep2 narrow1 medium1 or broad2 smooth or russeted2 furrowed1 ribbed1 angular1 or uniform2 or it may be lipped as described under stem4 ,the color of the skin within the cavity is sometimes different from that without1 and there may be radiating lines1 rays1 or streaks4 ,the basin1 the depression in which the calyx is set1 is as important as the cavity in classifying pears and is described by the same terms4 ,the furrows in the basin are sometimes indistinct and are then called wavy4 ,the skin around the calyx-lobes may be wrinkled1 plaited1 folded1 or corrugated4 ,rarely1 there are fleshy protuberances about the calyx-lobes called mammiform appendages4 ,calyx-lobes4--,the withered calyx-lobes persist in some pears and not in others4 ,they persist in ,european pears1 but are deciduous in the edible-fruited ,asiatic species4 ,the calyx-lobes may be open1 partly open1 or closed in varieties of the fruits in which they are persistent4 ,in some varieties the segments are separated at the base2 in others1 united4 ,the lobes may lie flat on the fruit or may stand erect4 ,when upright1 if the tips incline inward the lobes are said to be connivent2 if inclined outward1 they are reflexed1 or divergent4 ,the lobes may be broad or narrow1 with tips acute or accuminate4 ,characters of the skin4--,the skin of all pears offers several most valuable features for classification4 ,of these characters1 color is the most important4 ,perhaps no character of fruits varies more in accordance with environment than the color1 yet the color itself and the way in which it is distributed on the fruit1 serve to make this character a fairly safe distinguishing mark for most varieties of pears4 ,the ground-color of pears is the green or yellow-green of chlorophyll1 usually with an over-color of tints and shades of yellow or red4 ,the over-color may be laid on in stripes1 splashes1 or streaks2 as a blush2 may mottle the surface2 or may be a single color1 in which case the fruit is said to be self-colored4 ,in nearly all varieties of colored pears1 it is not an uncommon anomaly to find trees under some conditions bearing green fruits4 ,usually1 in pears1 the color is laid on solidly2 very few varieties have striped or splashed fruits4 ,the skin may be thick or thin1 tough or tender4 ,in a few varieties it is relatively free from the flesh1 but with most clings tightly4 ,the surface of the skin is often waxy or oily4 ,this character must not be confused with waxen which refers to the glossy appearance of the skin4 ,some pears have an unbroken russet surface as ,beurr ,bose and ,sheldon4 ,or1 the surface may be rough because of minute russet dots or netted veins4 ,with many sorts1 the cavity alone is russeted4 ,sometimes the russet of the cavity is spread out in radiating lines4 ,nearly all pears have few or many dots on the skin1 notes on which may enhance the value of a description4 ,these may be obscure or conspicuous1 large or small1 raised or sunken4 ,if visible under the epidermis1 they are said to be submerged4 ,when star-like1 they are called stellate4 ,if surrounded by a halo of lighter color1 they are said to be areolar4 ,in some varieties1 the dots are elongated4 ,very often the dots are russeted4 ,the roughened outer skin1 called scarf-skin1 gives a distinguishing appearance to a few pears4 ,cutting pears to show the internal structure4--,when varieties cannot be distinguished from external marks1 there are several very reliable characters that can be made use of in the internal anatomy of the fruits4 ,to study these it is necessary to make a longitudinal and a transverse section of the pear4 ,to make an accurate examination of the internal structure1 the sectioning must be done with a keen1 thin knife1 with a steady hand1 and a good eye4 ,in making the longitudinal section the knife should pass through the center of the calyx1 showing the remnants of styles and stamens2 through the middle of the core cell1 showing the outline of the core cavity2 and through the middle of the stem4 ,a true record cannot be obtained1 unless the organs named are divided fairly accurately in halves4 ,in making the transverse section1 the knife should pass through the widest diameter of the fruit1 cutting the core in half4 ,if the core is not in the center of the fruit1 trial cuts to locate it must be made that it may be halved exactly4 ,the stamens1 calyx-tube1 and styles4--,after halving the fruit longitudinally1 the first organs to be studied are the stamens1 the position of which furnishes reliable taxonomic data in apples and is occasionally worth noting in pears4 ,passing from the stamens to the calyx-tube1 it will be found that the shape of this structure is of some use in separating varieties1 although it is exceedingly variable in accordance with the size of the pear1 and is materially altered by abnormalities in the fruit4 ,the base of the styles in some varieties develop into fleshy tissue which alters the shape of the calyx-tube4 ,the calyx-tube may be cone-shaped1 funnel-shaped1 or urn-shaped4 ,when funnel-shaped1 the broad upper part is called the limb2 the narrow lower part1 the cylinder4 ,in some varieties the remnants of the styles are often more or less fleshy and form a point1 called the pistil point1 which projects into the calyx-tube4 ,the core4--,the position of the core in the fruit is often a valuable means of distinguishing varieties4 ,if close to the stem1 the core is said to be sessile2 if at the center of the pome1 it is median2 when distant from the stem1 distant4 ,the cell containing seed1 called a carpel1 is morphologically a modified leaf1 which1 by folding together and by union of its edges forms a closed receptacle4 ,in some varieties1 the carpels are open2 in others closed4 ,if the tip of the carpel is indented1 it is said to be emarginate2 if long and pointed1 mucronate4 ,in shape1 carpels may be round1 cordate1 obcordate1 elliptical1 oblong1 elongated1 ovate1 or obovate4 ,in the cores of most pomes there is a central cavity called the core cavity1 sometimes spoken of as the axial sac which may be either narrow1 wide1 or lacking4 ,this is a character of much importance and reliability in pears4 ,when the carpels extend quite to the axis of the fruit1 they are said to be axile and there is no core cavity2 when distant from the axis1 they are abaxile and a core cavity is formed4 ,sometimes the carpel is lined on the inner surface with a white substance1 when it is said to be tufted4 ,in some pears1 there are many fine hairs in the core-cavity in which case the cavity is said to be tufted4 ,the limits of the core are marked by a line in most pome-fruits--usually very distinct in apples and quinces--which in most varieties of pears is indistinct4 ,the area enclosed by this line may be large or small and may be variously shaped4 ,when the core-line joins the calyx-tube along the sides1 it is said to be clasping2 when the two ends of the line meet at the base of the calyx-tube1 the expression core-lines meeting is used4 ,the core-line in pears is nearly always1 if not always1 clasping and very often it is a more or less thickened area of grit-cells4 ,seeds4--,seeds are characteristic in all varieties of pears and might well be used more generally than is the case in classification4 ,the number is exceedingly variable in different varieties4 ,the usual number is two in each cell1 but often there are three or more and occasionally they are missing4 ,seeds vary greatly in different varieties in size1 shape1 and color1 and differences in these characters are as constant as are those of any other organ of the fruit4 ,number1 size1 shape1 and color of seeds should be noted with care in every technical description of a pear4 ,the point of the seed1 also1 is worth noting2 it may be acute1 acuminate1 or obtuse4 ,like the carpels1 the seeds are often tufted4 ,there are several so-called seedless pears1 but all of these occasionally contain some seeds4 ,very often seedlessness is brought about by lack of proper pollination4 ,an occasional fruit without seeds is found in nearly all varieties1 but these fruits are usually more or less abnormal in size or shape4 ,flesh4--,most pears may be identified from the flesh-characters without a glance at any other part of fruit or plant4 ,flavor1 odor1 and texture of flesh are distinct in almost every variety1 and appeal more strongly to the senses of taste and smell than characters measured by the eye do to the sight4 ,unfortunately1 flavors1 odors1 and textures are difficult to describe4 ,all characters of the flesh vary greatly in accordance with conditions of growth1 soil and climate having a profound influence on texture1 flavor1 and quality4 ,it is important1 also1 in describing the flesh to have the fruit at the proper stage of maturity1 and as immaturity verges into maturity and maturity into decay almost imperceptibly1 each condition affecting the flesh1 it is not surprising that differences of opinion may be many in judging the flesh-characters of a fruit4 ,in cutting a pear the color of the flesh is first noted4 ,it may be nearly white1 as in ,flemish ,beauty2 tinged with yellow1 as in ,tyson2 greenish-white as in ,bartlett2 or tinged with red1 as in ,josphine de ,malines4 ,pears with red flesh are occasionally found1 but no standard varieties have flesh of this color4 ,sanguinole1 grown more or less in ,europe1 has flesh of a wine-red color4 ,very often the texture of pear-flesh is marred by grittiness to which some varieties are much more subject than others4 ,in most cases1 however1 the grit-cells are abnormal1 and a discussion of their presence and cause belongs under the head of diseases in another chapter4 ,one determines the nature of the texture by cutting the fruit1 through pressure by the fingers1 and by eating4 ,the texture may be coarse or fine2 tender or tough2 crisp1 breaking1 melting1 or almost buttery2 dry or juicy4 ,flavor and quality4--,pears are readily divided into two classes as to flavor2 they are either sweet or sour4 ,the qualifying terms mildly and very are often used with sweet and sour4 ,subacid1 tart1 and sprightly are sometimes most expressive4 ,austere refers to a flavor more or less sour with some astringency4 ,the flavor may often be put down as astringent4 ,all varieties have a more or less distinct aroma4 ,rich and refreshing are words often found in the rather extensive vocabulary necessary to describe the flavor of this fruit4 ,quality is that combination of texture1 flavor1 and aroma which makes a fruit pleasant to the palate4 ,quality is rated by common consent of pomologists by five grades3 ,poor1 fair1 good1 very good1 and best4 ,it should be noted that good in this rating signifies a fruit of but medium quality4 ,illustration3 ,,pear ,the characters of pears are graphically shown on the opposite page in a descriptive form filled out for ,bartlett in a description of this variety for ,the ,pears of ,new ,york4 ,this is1 however1 but a skeleton1 and most of the characters must be more fully described than a form like this permits4 ,few pomologists in these days have the temerity to offer a description compiled in whole or in part4 ,descriptions are worth while only when made from living specimens before the eyes of the describer4 ,,species ,,of ,,pears ,the foregoing pages discussing the characters of pears were preparation for a proper understanding of descriptions of pears4 ,a discussion of the species which constitute or may constitute forms for cultivation either for their fruit or as stocks upon which to grow edible pears logically follows4 ,edible pears fall into two well-marked groups3 ,those coming from ,europe and northwestern ,asia1 occidental pears2 and those coming from eastern and northeastern ,asia1 oriental pears4 ,,occidental ,,pears ,in this group belong the thousands of varieties under common cultivation in ,europe1 the ,united ,states1 and in temperate regions settled by ,europeans4 ,these pears are distinct from oriental pears in place of origin1 and by fairly well-marked botanical characters4 ,thus1 the leaves of these occidental pears are crenate-serrate and entire and never setose-serrate2 and the calyx is persistent on the fruits4 ,for most part1 the fruits of the two divisions are quite distinct1 especially in shape1 but no constant line of cleavage can be found in the pears4 ,there are several species of these occidental pears grown for their fruits or as ornamentals4 ,only one1 however1 is of great importance4 ,this is ,p4 communis1 to a discussion of which we now come4 #a4 ,,pyrus ,,communis ,linnaeus4 #a4 ,linnaeus ,sp4 ,pl4 #dgi4 #agec4 #b4 ,loudon ,arb4 et ,frut4 ,brit4 #b3hhj4 #ahch4 #c4 ,schneider ,laubholzk4 #a3ffa4 #aijf4 ,tree vigorous1 attaining a height of #ej ft4 and a diameter of #b ft41 usually with an upright1 oblong1 or pyramidal1 compact top2 bark on trunk of mature trees rough1 with large persistent scales2 branches usually stout1 thorny1 variously colored1 overlaid with scarf-skin2 branchlets glossy1 smooth1 glabrous1 with more or less conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds prominent1 plump1 obtuse or pointed1 mostly free2 leaf-scars conspicuous4 ,leaves #b to #d in4 long1 #a to #b-a_/b in4 wide1 oval or oblong-ovate1 thin1 hard or leathery1 veiny2 upper surface dark green1 glabrous2 lower surface light green1 glabrous2 both surfaces downy as the leaves open2 apex acuminate2 margins crenate-serrate or entire1 never setose-serrate2 teeth often tipped with small glands2 petiole #a to #b in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds larger and plumper than leaf-buds2 borne on fruiting spurs in dense or loose clusters of #d to #aj2 flowers showy1 #a in4 across1 white or sometimes with tinge of pink2 calyx persistent or rarely deciduous2 styles distinct to the base1 sometimes downy2 stamens #ae to #bj2 pedicels #a in4 long1 slender1 sometimes pubescent4 ,fruits exceedingly variable under cultivation2 varying from #a in4 in length and diameter to #c in4 in diameter and #e to #f in4 in length2 variously shaped1 as pyriform1 turbinate1 round-conic1 or round-oblate2 green1 yellow1 red1 or russet1 or combinations of these colors2 flesh white1 yellowish1 sometimes pink or wine-red1 rarely salmon-colored2 flesh firm1 melting1 or buttery and when ripening on the tree with few or many grit-cells4 ,seeds #a to #c in a cell1 sometimes abortive or wanting1 large1 brown1 or brownish1 often tufted at the tips4 ,pyrus communis1 the common pear1 as stated in the preceding chapter1 is a native of southern ,europe and southwestern ,asia as far east as ,kashmir4 ,the species is a frequent escape from cultivation1 multiplying from seed distributed by animals and by human agencies1 and is now to be found naturalized in forests and byways of the temperate zones wherever pears are cultivated in orchards4 ,the pear is not as hardy as the apple1 and is1 therefore1 less generally grown4 ,it refuses to grow in the warmest and coldest parts of the temperate zones1 but is a favorite orchard1 dooryard1 and roadside plant in all mid-temperate regions4 ,the species comes from regions or localities where the climate is mild and equable1 neither very hot nor very cold1 and grows in moist1 cool1 and rather heavy soils4 ,these predilections cling to cultivated pears wherever grown1 and pure-bred varieties do not thrive under other conditions4 ,wild or cultivated1 the pear is a deep-rooted plant1 a fact that must be taken into consideration in selecting orchard sites4 ,on shallow soils pears thrive better on the shallow-rooted quince4 ,few cultivated fruits have changed more under domestication than the common pear4 ,the trees under cultivation are larger and much more vigorous1 and the fruits in the best orchard varieties--the consummation of the breeder's art--would by no one be considered the same species if the two were found in the wild4 ,the pears from truly wild trees in the ,old ,world are small1 nearly round1 hard1 gritty1 sour1 and astringent4 ,fruits from the run-wild trees from the chance transport of seeds in this country are scarcely more attractive to either eye or palate4 ,the product of these wild trees can hardly be called edible fruits4 ,cultivated varieties seem to have been evolved1 until the advent of ,le ,conte and ,kieffer1 only by cultivation and selection4 ,all plants are improved more rapidly under hybridization than selection1 and now that the hybridization of this pear with other species is in full swing1 we may expect1 for the ,new ,world at least1 a new pear flora in the immediate future4 ,the pear supplies man not only an important article of food but also a refreshing drink4 ,perry1 the expressed juice of pears1 is a common drink in all ,european countries4 ,it is used somewhat as a fruit-juice1 but chiefly as a fermented beverage4 ,pear-juice is fermented in open casks and at the end of fermentation contains from six to twelve per cent of alcohol4 ,in parts of ,england and ,france1 special varieties are grown in considerable numbers for perry-making4 ,the wood of the pear is hard1 heavy1 and close grained1 for which qualities it is esteemed by turners and engravers and for fuel4 ,a mature pear-tree is a beautiful ornamental1 and few forest trees are nobler or more picturesque than an old specimen of this species with its great size and irregular1 pyramidal top4 ,a pear-tree has much merit for shade as well as an ornamental4 ,pears are easy of culture and propagation1 subjects to be discussed in full in the next chapter4 ,a few words as to propagation are in place here to show the affinities of this species with other species and genera4 ,the common pear readily inter-grafts with other pears1 and its cions may be made to grow1 though with difficulty1 on the apple4 ,a most noteworthy fact with this fruit is that though not easily grafted on the apple and some other pears1 it unites readily with the quince and the hawthorn1 both of which belongs to distinct genera4 ,the common pear hybridizes freely with the oriental pear1 but whether with other species does not appear4 ,there are no records of the pear hybridizing with the apple1 but there are trustworthy accounts of hybrids with the quince and with sorbus4 ,the classical name of the pear was ,pirus1 changed to ,pyrus by ,tournefort1 after which it was adopted by ,linnaeus1 who established the genus and united with it the ,malus and ,cydonia of ,tournefort4 ,fortunately there is no confusion in the botanical nomenclature of this fruit4 ,botanists agree1 without notable divergence of opinion1 on the generic and specific names of this fruit4 ,there are several well-marked botanical varieties of ,pyrus communis as well as a number of horticultural forms4 ,the most prominent of these must be noted4 ,,pyrus ,,communus ,,pyraster ,linnaeus #a4 ,linnaeus ,sp4 ,pl4 #dgi4 #agec4 ,this variety1 rather common in parts of ,europe1 is similar to the type in foliage but has globose fruits4 ,the leaves differ somewhat in being more rounded and in having margins more serrate4 ,the plant is often very thorny4 ,some botanists believe this form to be only an escape from cultivation4 ,,pyrus ,,communis ,,sativa ,de ,candolle #a4 ,de ,candolle ,prod4 #b3fcd4 #ahbe4 ,this name is applied to the cultivated pear in its many pomological forms4 ,the trees are usually larger than those of the wild pears and are without thorns4 ,they differ also in having larger leaves1 and larger and better-flavored fruits4 ,,pyrus ,,communis ,,cordata ,hooker #a4 ,hooker1 ,j4 ,d4 ,stud4 ,flora #aca4 #ahgh4 #b4 ,p4 cordata ,desvaux ,obs4 ,pl4 ,anjou #aeb4 #ahah4 ,this botanical variety is a spiny shrub or shrub-like tree4 ,the leaves are smaller than those of the species1 #a in4 in width1 suborbicular to ovate1 subcordate at the base4 ,flowers smaller4 ,fruit globose or slightly turbinate1 very small1 #a_/b in4 in diameter2 calyx persistent4 ,the species is a native of western ,france and is found in ,devon and ,cornwall1 ,england4 ,this species is said to propagate itself freely from root-suckers which suggests that it might be tried as a dwarfing stock for the common pears4 ,,pyrus ,,communis ,,longipes ,henry #a4 ,henry ,trees ,gt4 ,brit4 ,ire4 #f3aefa4 #aiab4 #b4 ,p4 longipes ,cosson and ,durien ,bull4 ,soc4 ,bot4 ,france4 #b3caj4 #ahee4 ,the tree is small with a few spines4 ,the leaves are about #b in4 long and #a in4 wide1 ovate1 acuminate1 subcordate1 glabrous1 finely and crenately serrate1 on long slender petioles4 ,this variety differs little from var4 cordata in its fruit except in the deciduous calyx4 ,it is found along the mountain streams of ,algeria4 ,,pyrus ,,communis ,,mariana ,willkomm #a4 ,linnaea #be3be4 #aheb4 #b4 ,p4 bourgaeana ,decaisne ,jar4 ,fruit4 i4 t4 #b4 #ahga4 ,this is a small tree found in the ,sierra ,morena in ,spain4 ,the leaves are ovate1 #a in4 in length1 rounded at the base1 on very long1 slender petioles4 ,the pear is very small with a persistent calyx4 #b4 ,,pyrus ,,nivalis ,jacquin #a4 ,fl4 ,austr4 #b3 #d1 t4 #ajg4 #aggd4 ,tree small1 stout1 without thorns2 young shoots thickly covered with white wool4 ,leaves oval or obovate1 #b to #c in4 long1 #c_/d to #a-a_/d in4 wide1 crenate at the base1 entire1 upper and lower surfaces covered with white wool when young1 nearly glaucous and the upper surface shining when mature4 ,flowers white1 #a-a_/b in4 across1 clustered4 ,fruit roundish1 yellowish-green1 borne on a stalk as long or longer than the fruit1 acid or becoming sweetish at full maturity4 ,this pear is a native of eastern ,europe and ,asia ,minor and is often found in ,france as an escape from the orchard4 ,the tree1 which sometimes attains a height of fifty feet1 is said to be a handsome ornamental4 ,the species is sometimes under cultivation in ,france for the fruits which make very good perry1 and when bletted1 as is the medlar1 are suitable for dessert4 ,in ,austria and adjoining parts of ,germany1 the species is somewhat cultivated for the same purposes as in ,france under the name ,schnee birn or ,snow pear1 because not fit to eat until snow falls4 ,this pear might have value to hybridize with common pears for the improvement of their fruit4 ,botanists are not quite certain of the botanical standing of ,p4 nivalis4 ,by some botanists it is considered a cultivated form of ,p4 elagrifolia ,pallas4 ,by others it is thought to be a cross of which ,p4 communis is one parent4 ,p4 salvifolia ,de ,candolle is either closely allied to or identical with this species4 ,p4 kotschyana ,boissier differs from ,p4 nivalis chiefly in having smaller and harder fruits4 ,p4 elagrifolia ,pallas is distinguished by some botanists from ,p4 kotschyana only by its spiny branches--not a constant character4 #c4 ,,pyrus ,,auricularis ,knoop #a4 ,pomol4 #b3ch4 #agfc4 #b4 ,p4 irregularis ,muenchhausen ,hausvater #e3bdf4 #aggj4 #c4 ,p4 pollveria ,linnaeus ,mant4 #b3bdd4 #agga4 #d4 ,p4 bollwyleriana ,de ,candolle ,fl4 ,france ,suppl4 #e3ecj4 #ahae4 ,a tree #cj to #ej ft4 high1 forming a round head2 branchlets and buds downy4 ,leaves ovate or oval1 #c to #d in4 long1 #b to #b-a_/b in4 wide2 pointed1 irregular1 and coarsely and sometimes doubly toothed2 upper surface glossy1 dark green1 with glands on the midrib1 glabrous at maturity1 downy when young2 lower surface permanently covered with gray tomentum2 stalk #a to #a-a_/b in4 long1 woolly4 ,flowers white1 nearly #a in4 across1 #e to #bj in tomentose corymbs2 sepals covered with pure white wool on both surfaces2 styles #b to #e1 united and tomentose at the base2 stamens rosy red4 ,fruit pyriform1 #a to #a-a_/b in4 in diameter2 stalk #a to #a-a_/b in4 long1 reddish yellow2 flesh yellow1 sweet4 ,this tree is an interesting hybrid between ,p4 communis and the whitebeam1 ,p4 aria4 ,it was first noticed at ,bollweiler1 ,alsace1 and was first mentioned by ,j4 ,bauhin in #afai4 ,it is propagated by grafts as few of the seeds are fertile and these do not come true to name4 ,it bears fruit very sparingly1 none being produced in some seasons4 ,besides the species that have been named there are several other occidental pears named by ,european botanists which may be looked for in botanic gardens4 ,some of these might have value for work in hybridization but it is doubtful4 ,of these1 ,p4 heterophylla ,regel and ,schmalhausen 7,act4 ,hort4 ,petropol #e3pt4 ii1 #eha4 #ahgh7 is a small thorny tree from the mountain valleys of ,turkestan4 ,p4 amygdaliformis ,villars 7,cat4 ,meth4 ,jardin ,strasbourg #cbc4 #ahjg7 is a spiny shrub or small tree1 bearing small worthless fruits2 a native of arid soils in the regions of olives in southern ,europe4 ,p4 salicifolia ,pallas 7,itin4 #c3gcd4 #aggf7 is a small spiny tree from the ,crimea1 ,caucasas1 and ,armenia2 the fruit has little or no value4 ,p4 syriaca ,boissier 7,diag4 ,nov4 ,pl4 ,orient #aj3a4 #ahdi7 is a thorny1 shrubby tree from ,syria1 ,asia ,minor1 and ,kurdistan4 ,a review of botanical literature shows several other names of doubtful species of ,pyrus which seem more likely to be hybrids or abnormal escapes from orchards4 ,there are1 also1 many names which seem to be synonyms4 ,material and literature at hand do not enable the author to make certain of these1 even if any sufficiently worthy purpose could be served in a pomological text4 ,,oriental ,,pears ,the oriental pears have been brought to ,america in comparatively recent years1 chiefly as ornamentals and for blight-resistant stocks2 but hybrids of at least one species of this group1 ,p4 serotina1 with the common pear have given many valuable orchard varieties4 ,the ,chinese and ,japanese cultivate several species for their fruits4 ,these pears constitute a group quite distinct in aspect of tree and fruit1 but no characters not in occidental species are found in all species of the oriental group4 ,the most constant differences1 besides region of origin1 are found in the leaves and the calyx4 ,the leaves in most species are markedly acuminate and their margins are sharp-serrate or setose-serrate4 ,the calyx falls from the fruit in the species now cultivated for food1 but does not in two species promising for stocks4 ,illustration3 ,,pyrus ,,serotina #d4 ,,pyrus ,,serotina ,rehder #a4 ,rehder ,proc4 ,amer4 ,acad4 ,arts ,sci4 #ej3bac4 #aiae4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 attaining a height of #bj to #ej ft41 the branches becoming glabrous4 ,leaves ovate-oblong1 sometimes ovate1 #c to #e in4 long1 rounded at the base and rarely subcordate or cuneate1 long-acuminate1 sharply setose-serrate1 with partially appressed seratures2 when young1 villous1 or lower surface cobwebby1 but becoming glabrous4 ,flowers white1 borne in #f to #i flowered umbellate-racemose clusters2 glabrous or somewhat tomentose and borne on slender pedicels2 calyx-lobes triangular-ovate and long-acuminate1 #a_/d to #a_/b in4 long1 glandulose-denticulate2 petals oval1 short-clawed1 #c_/d in4 long2 stamens about #bj2 styles #d or #e1 glabrous4 ,fruit subglobose1 russet-brown2 stalk slender2 calyx deciduous4 ,this oriental pear has been referred to ,p4 sinensis ,lindley 7not ,poiret7 by botanists and horticulturists since its introduction in ,europe nearly one hundred years ago until #aiae when ,rehder1 discovering that the true ,p4 sinensis had been lost to cultivation1 proposed the name ,p4 lindleyi for one group and ,p4 serotina for another group of ,chinese pears passing under ,lindley's original species1 ,p4 sinensis4 ,this species comes from central and western ,china1 where the fruits are used for food under the name1 with that of other brown-fruited species1 of tang-li4 ,american pomologists are interested in the type species as a possible source of blight-resistant stocks for varieties of the common pear4 ,stocks of this species1 however1 grown on the ,pacific slope have not proved satisfactory because difficult to bud1 and very susceptible to leaf-blight1 and because they are not as resistant to pear-blight as an ideal stock should be4 ,rehder1 an authority on oriental pears1 gives two botanical varieties4 ,his var4 stapfiana differs from the type in bearing pyriform fruits2 leaves with less appressed serratures2 and petals with attenuate claws4 ,so far as now appears it is of no greater value to pomology than the type4 ,the other botanical variety which ,rehder describes1 var4 culta1 is of great importance in pomology and must have detailed consideration4 ,,pyrus ,,serotina ,,culta ,rehder #a4 ,rehder ,prod4 ,amer4 ,acad4 ,arts ,sci4 #ej3bcc4 #aiae4 #b4 ,p4 sinensis ,hort4 ,not ,lindley nor ,poiret4 #c4 ,p4 japonica ,hort4 ,not ,thunberg4 #c4 ,p4 sieboldi ,carrire ,rev4 ,hort44 #aaj4 #ahhj4 #e4 ,p4 sinensis culta ,makino ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3fi4 #aijh4 ,tree large1 vigorous2 top spreading1 drooping1 open2 trunk thick1 shaggy2 branches stout1 zigzag1 greenish-brown1 with a slight covering of scarf-skin marked with many conspicuous1 elongated lenticels2 branchlets slender1 with long internodes1 brownish-red1 tinged with green and with thin1 ash-gray scarf-skin1 glabrous1 with many unusually conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds sharply pointed1 plump1 thick at the base1 free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #d-a_/h in4 long1 #b-e_/h in4 wide1 thick1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin tipped with very fine reddish-brown glands1 finely serrate2 petiole thick1 #b in4 long1 lightly pubescent1 greenish-red4 ,flower-buds thick1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on very short spurs2 flowers with a disagreeable odor1 bloom in mid-season1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 averaging #g buds in a cluster2 calyx-lobes long1 narrow1 acuminate1 glandular1 reflexed1 lightly pubescent within and without2 petals broadly oval1 entire1 apex rounded2 pistils #d or #e1 from a common base1 longer than the stamens1 pubescent at base2 stamens #a_/d in4 long1 with dull red anthers2 pedicels #a-a_/b in4 long1 slender1 thinly pubescent1 pale green4 ,fruit ripe ,february-,march2 #b-a_/d in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 round1 slightly pyriform1 irregularly ribbed1 with unequal sides2 stem #a-a_/b in4 long1 curved1 slender2 cavity acute1 deep1 narrow1 furrowed1 lipped2 calyx deciduous2 basin shallow1 wide1 obtuse1 gently furrowed or wrinkled2 skin tough1 smooth1 waxy2 color lemon-yellow1 with russet lines and nettings and many russet specks2 dots numerous1 small1 conspicuous1 brownish-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 very granular1 crisp1 tough1 juicy1 with a peculiar aroma unlike that of the common pear2 poor in quality4 ,core large1 open1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds roundish1 of medium size1 wide1 plump1 obtuse4 ,the ,sand pear differs from the type in fruit and foliage4 ,the pears are much larger and are commonly apple-form as shown in the accompanying plate1 but trees bearing pyriform fruits are not unknown4 ,the leaves are larger and broader4 ,rehder1 who separated this form from its species1 writes1 ,the ,japanese pear cultivated under the name ,madame ,von ,siebold may be considered as representing the type of this variety4 ,these pears are known to pomologists under several names2 as ,chinese ,sand1 ,sand1 ,japanese1 ,hawaii1 ,sha ,lea1 ,gold ,dust1 ,mikado1 and ,diamyo1 although it is possible that the last three are hybrids4 ,the pear illustrated and described in this text as a representative of this botanical variety came from seed sent from ,manchuria4 ,the pears are attractive in appearance1 keep well1 and are palatable in culinary preparations1 but are possessed of a gritty flesh and potato-like flavor which debar them as dessert fruits in all regions where the common pear can be grown4 ,the several varieties of var4 culta now in ,america came from ,japan where the species must have been early introduced from ,china as this is now the most common fruit of the ,japanese with the exception of the persimmon4 ,in ,china and ,japan there are a number of pomological varieties1 which1 however1 differ from each other less than varieties of the ,european pear4 ,the fruits of the several varieties grown in ,america are often mistaken for apples1 from which they are distinguished by their deciduous calyxes1 rough1 dry skins1 long stems1 juicy1 gritty flesh1 and insipid potato-like flavor4 ,seedlings of var4 culta fail as stocks for ,european varieties in the same characters in which the species is unsatisfactory4 ,this oriental pear hybridizes freely with the common pear1 and it is for this purpose that it is most valuable in ,america4 ,several of these hybrids are important commercial varieties in ,north ,america of which ,kieffer1 ,le ,conte1 and ,garber1 in the order named1 are the best known and the most useful4 ,sterility is a common attribute of hybrids1 but the hybrids between these two species are not more sterile than varieties of the parents4 ,these hybrids are stronger and more rapid in growth than the common pear and are more productive and more resistant to blight4 ,the pears are more pyriform and of much better flavor than those of the oriental parent4 ,the calyx of hybrid fruits is sometimes persistent and sometimes deciduous4 ,the hybrids do not make good stocks and intergraft but poorly with the common pear4 ,of all pear-trees1 these are handsomest in growth when in perfect health and make excellent ornamental trees4 ,the strong1 clean growth1 luxuriant green foliage1 beautifully tinted in the autumn1 resembles the oriental rather than the occidental parent4 ,it is doubtful whether hybrid trees will attain the great size of those of the common pear1 and they seem to succumb to the ills of old age rather more quickly than those of the ,european parent4 ,the hybrid pears seem less well liked by the pestiferous ,san ,jose scale than the common pear4 ,the first flush of popularity having passed1 hybrid pears have found their proper place in ,american pomology4 ,they belong to the ,south and ,middle ,west where the common pear is illy adapted to the climate4 ,in the ,north and on the ,pacific slope1 pear-growers are wisely planting varieties the fruits of which are better in quality4 #e4 ,,pyrus ,,ussuriensis ,maximowicz #a4 ,p4 ussuriensis ,maximowicz ,bull4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,petersb4 #ae3acb4 #aheg4 #b4 ,p4 sinensis ,decaisne ,bull4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,petersb4 #ai3agb4 #ahhc4 #c4 ,p4 simonii ,carrire ,rev4 ,hort4 #bh4 #ahgb4 fig4 #c4 #d4 ,p4 sinensis ussuriensis ,makino ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3fi4 #aijh4 ,rehder says of ,p4 ussuriensis1#ae ,this species differs from the allied species chiefly in the short stalk of the globose fruit with persistent calyx1 in the broad1 often nearly orbicular1 strongly setosely serrate leaves and in the lighter yellowish-brown branches2 the flower clusters are1 owing to the short stalks1 rather dense and hemispherical1 the petals are obovate and rather gradually narrowed toward the base2 the styles are distinctly pilose near the base4 ,wilson1#af describing the vegetation of ,korea1 says of this species3 ,pyrus ussuriensis is abundant and this year is laden with fruit4 ,on some trees the fruit is wholly green1 on others reddish on one side2 the length of the peduncle varies and the same is true of the leaf-structure2 the calyx is persistent or deciduous often on fruits on the same branch4 ,the habitat of this species is northern and northeastern ,china and eastern ,siberia4 ,manchuria1 ,korea1 ,amurland1 and ,ussurri are named as regions in which it is most commonly found4 ,a glance at the map shows that this habitat is in the far north for pears1 and it might well be suspected that this would be one of the hardiest of all pears1 and this proves to be the case4 ,horticultural varieties are reported by ,chinese explorers1 some of which have been introduced by the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture4 ,these no doubt have some value in the most northern fruit regions of ,america and if not for their fruits1 they may prove useful in hybridization4 ,but it is as a possible stock resistant to blight that the species has received most attention in this country4 ,reimer1 of ,oregon1 found this species to be very resistant to fire-blight and at first thought it might prove to be a valuable stock4 ,following ,reimer's experiments much was said of it as a promising new stock1 and the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture gave it a thorough trial from the results of which they discouraged its use4 ,the tree proved to be a slow grower2 very subject to leaf-blight1 therefore unable to hold its leaves during the growing and budding season1 difficult to use in budding as the tough bark did not slip easily1 and but a small number of the buds took4 ,according to ,galloway1#ag however1 the ,kuan li or ,chinese water pear1 which he says belongs to the ,ussuriensis group1 is one of the most promising pear stocks4 ,both for its fruits and as a stock1 this species is likely to receive much attention in the ,united ,states for some time to come4 ,the difficulty at present1 as we have found at this ,station1 is to get seeds or budding wood true to name of the forms of the species that seem to be most desirable4 #f4 ,,pyrus ,,serrulata ,rehder #a4 ,p4 serrulata ,rehder ,proc4 ,amer4 ,acad4 ,arts ,sci4 #ej3bcd4 #aiae4 ,chinese ,saw-leafed ,pear4 ,this species1 according to ,rehder1 is closely related to ,p4 serotina but differs from it chiefly in its serrulate1 not setosely serrate1 generally broader1 leaves1 in the smaller flowers with usually three or four styles1 and in the shorter sepals and smaller fruit4 ,this pear was first found by ,e4 ,h4 ,wilson in #aijg in western ,hupeh4 ,the province of ,hupeh is #hjj or #ijj miles west and south of ,shanghai4 ,the pears in this location grow in thickets at an altitude of #djjj to #ejjj feet4 ,reimer found the species at ,ichang1 in ,hupeh1 at elevations of #cjjj to #cgjj feet4 ,its occurrence at these altitudes indicates that it is a hardy form4 ,whether the species is likely to be valuable for its fruits1 or for hybridization1 does not appear1 but ,galloway1#ag reporting on it as tested by the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture1 says that it is affected but slightly by leaf-blight1 holds its foliage well in hot summers1 and has a long budding season4 ,these statements indicate that it is worth trying as a stock4 ,illustration3 ,,pyrus ,,betulaefolia #g4 ,,pyrus ,,betul,,folia ,bunge #a4 ,p4 betulfolia ,bunge ,mem4 ,sav4 ,etr4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,petersb4 #b3aja4 #ahcc4 #b4 ,decaisne ,jard4 ,fruit4 #a3bj4 #ahgb4 #c4 ,carrire ,rev4 ,hort4 #cah4 #ahgi4 figs4 #fh1 #fi4 #d4 ,sargent ,gard4 ,for4 #g3bbd4 #ahid4 fig4 #ci4 ,tree vigorous1 upright-spreading1 tall1 open-topped1 hardy2 trunk stocky1 shaggy1 and rough2 branches thick1 dull brownish-red1 thickly coated with gray scarf-skin1 sprinkled with numerous small1 raised lenticels2 branchlets slender1 willowy1 long1 with long internodes1 dull reddish-brown1 with gray scarf-skin1 heavily pubescent1 with small1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 flattened1 pointed1 free4 ,leaves #d in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 thick1 stiff2 apex taper-pointed2 margin sharply and coarsely serrate2 teeth tipped with small1 reddish-brown glands2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long1 slender1 pubescent1 tinged red4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on long spurs2 flowers open late1 with a rather unpleasant odor1 showy1 #a-c_/af in4 across1 white1 in dense clusters1 #ac buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-e_/af in4 long1 slender1 pubescent1 pale green2 calyx-tube pale green mingled with white pubescence1 dark greenish-yellow within1 campanulate1 thickly pubescent2 calyx-lobes greenish within and with white pubescence1 short1 narrow1 acuminate1 tipped with very small1 sharp1 reddish-brown glands1 heavily pubescent within and without1 reflexed2 petals separated at the base but with meeting cheeks1 round-oval1 entire1 with short1 narrow claws1 white at the base2 anthers deep pinkish-red2 filaments short1 shorter than the petals2 styles #b to #c2 pistils glabrous1 usually as long as the stamens2 stigma very small4 ,fruit russet1 heavily dotted1 the size of a small grape2 calyx deciduous2 pears hanging until the following spring4 ,the above description was made from a plant grown from seed obtained from the ,arnold ,arboretum in #aijj1 that institution having obtained the species from the mountains near ,peking in #ahhb4 ,this pear has been collected by various explorers in the regions about ,peking1 especially to the north and east1 and is not uncommon in these parts of ,china4 ,the small pears are without value for food1 but the trees are promising stocks4 ,while ,reimer reports the species as susceptible to fire-blight in ,oregon1 it has not proved particularly so on the grounds of this ,station nor elsewhere in the ,east4 ,the seedlings are also free from leaf-blight4 ,the young plants grow vigorously from seed or cuttings2 are capable of being budded throughout a long season2 they make a good union with other pears in ,china according to ,reimer2 and the variety is so common in ,china that there is little difficulty in getting seed true to name4 ,the tree is a handsome ornamental4 #h4 ,,pyrus ,,calleryana ,decaisne #a4 ,p4 calleryana ,decaisne ,jard4 ,fruit4 #a3h4 #ahgb4 ,rehder#ah says of this species1 ,pyrus calleryana is a widely distributed species and seems not uncommon on mountains at an altitude of from #ajjj to #aejj m4 ,it is easily recognizable by its comparatively small crenate leaves1 like the inflorescence glabrous or nearly glabrous1 and by its small flowers with two1 rarely three styles4 ,when unfolding most specimens show a loose and thin tomentum on the under side of the leaves which usually soon disappears1 but in ,no4 #affb from ,kuling even the fully grown leaves are loosely rusty tomentose on the midrib beneath4 ,in ,no4 #dae;a the leaves are longer1 generally ovate-oblong1 the pedicels very long and slender1 about #c to #d cm4 long and the sepals are mostly long-acuminate4 ,the fruit of ,no4 #eef;a is rather large1 about #a to #a4d cm4 in diameter1 but a fruit examined proved to be two-celled4 ,this species is reported from various places in ,china with western ,hupeh as the chief habitat4 ,reimer1#ai of ,oregon1 reports this as a most promising stock for the common pear1 and ,galloway1#bj of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture1 says that ,of all the pears tested and studied this remarkable species holds out the greatest promise as a stock4 ,in ,america it stands the cold as far north as the ,arnold ,arboretum1 near ,boston1 and endures summer heat as far south as ,brooksville1 ,florida4 ,the plant is reported as vigorous under nearly all conditions4 ,galloway reports that it can be budded from ,july #a to ,september #a at ,washington4 ,all kinds of pears take well upon it2 the seeds are easily obtained1 easily grown1 and run remarkably uniform4 #i4 ,,pyrus ,,ovoidea ,rehder #a4 ,proc4 ,am4 ,acad4 ,arts ,sci4 #ej3bbh4 #aiae4 #b4 ,p4 sinensis ,hemsley ,jour4 ,linn4 ,soc4 #bc3beg4 #ahhg1 in part4 ,not ,poiret nor ,lindley4 #c4 ,schneider ,ill4 ,handb4 ,laubholzk4 #a3ffc4 #aijf4 fig4 #cfd c-d4 #d4 ,p4 simonii ,hort4 ,not ,carrire4 ,rehder1 who established this species1 says of it3 ,this species seems to be most closely related to ,p4 ussuriensis ,maximowicz which differs chiefly in the broader orbicular-ovate or ovate leaves1 in the lighter colored branches1 and in the short-stalked subglobose fruit with the persistent sepals spreading4 ,the shape of the fruit of ,p4 ovoidea is very unusual and quite distinct from any pear ,i know2 the fruit is exactly ovate1 broad and rounded at the base and tapering from the middle toward the truncate apex1 as figured by ,schneider 7fig4 #cfd d74 ,this may1 however1 not be a specific character and the shape of the fruit may vary in other specimens referable to this species4 ,the ,chinese material which ,i have seen and which might belong here is very meagre4 ,the ,fokien specimen is in young fruit which suggests a more pyriform shape1 though tapering toward the apex and showing the same kind of persistent calyx2 the serration of the leaves is more minute and more accumbent4 ,the ,yunnan specimen is in flower and differs somewhat in the more copious tomentum of the leaves and of the inflorescence and in the shorter1 nearly entire calyx-lobes4 ,it is not known when and whence this species was introduced4 ,possibly it was sent in the early sixties from northern ,china by ,g4 ,e4 ,simon1 or by ,a4 ,david a little later from the same region or from ,mongolia to the ,museum in ,paris and was afterwards distributed by ,decaisne4 ,this species is of importance to pear-growers as a stock4 ,discussing it as a stock1 ,reimer#ai says3 ,this species ranks second only to ,pyrus ussuriensis in blight resistance4 ,during #aiae we were unable to get the disease to develop more than four inches even in vigorous growing shoots of this species4 ,during the very favorable season of #aiaf vigorous shoots would blight down as much as fifteen inches4 ,as soon as it reached the hard wood of the previous season it would stop4 ,all the inoculations into one and two-year-old trunks have failed to develop the disease4 ,the trees are vigorous growers1 and produce medium sized fruit1 which is egg-shaped1 and has a persistent calyx4 ,this species is a native of northern ,china1 and was formerly known as ,pyrus simonii4 #aj4 ,,pyrus ,,variolosa ,wallich #a4 ,cat4 ,no4 #fhj4 #ahbh4 ,reimer1#ba now a leading authority on blight-resistant stocks1 writes of ,p4 variolosa3 ,this species is one of the most promising types in our collection4 ,the tree is a beautiful1 vigorous1 upright grower4 ,it makes a good union with cultivated varieties1 and should prove valuable as a stock for top-working4 ,this species1 while not immune to blight1 is very resistant4 ,during the summer of #aiae a large number of innoculations were made into the tips of young branches1 and these usually would blight back for a distance of three to five inches4 ,during #aiaf1 a very favorable season for pear blight1 the disease would extend down young branches as much as from twelve to eighteen inches1 and in one case as much as two feet4 ,seventy-seven inoculations were made into the trunks of two-year-old trees4 ,all but seven of them failed to develop the disease4 ,in the successful infections1 only small superficial cankers were produced4 ,in these cankers a new cambium would readily form1 and the entire wound would heal over perfectly in a short time4 ,the origin of this species1 or type1 is still a matter of dispute4 ,it has been confused with ,pyrus pashia of northern ,india1 from which species it is very distinct4 ,pyrus variolosa produces medium sized1 pear-shaped fruits1 which have a persistent calyx4 ,it is possible that this is not a distinct species1 but a hybrid4 ,if this should prove to be the case1 it probably will not come true to type from seeds4 ,this matter will be determined by a study of the seedlings of this type4 ,if this does not come true to type from seeds1 the seedlings may be of little value for root stocks4 ,if this should prove to be the case1 it will1 nevertheless1 be of value as a stock for top-working1 when propagated by budding or grafting on some other root system4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,pear ,,culture ,the common pear or some of its hybrids with the oriental pear is grown for a home supply of fruit1 if not for the markets1 in every part of ,north ,america where hardy fruits thrive except in the extreme north and south4 ,but commercial pear-growing on this continent is confined to a few regions1 and in these is profitable only in carefully selected situations4 ,perhaps the culture of no other fruit1 not even of the tender peach nor of the capricious grape1 is more definitely determined by environment than is that of the pear4 ,a study of the regions in ,america in which pears are successfully grown for the markets furnishes clews to the proper culture of this fruit in ,new ,york1 and shows with what regions this ,state must compete in growing pears for the markets4 ,the location of the pear regions in ,america is readily determined by figures showing the number of trees and their yield in the various fruit regions of the country4 ,,pear ,,statistics ,,for ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,new ,,york ,six states produced over #fe per cent of the pears grown in the ,united ,states in #aiai4 ,the census of #aibj shows that in the preceding year the total crop of the country was #ad1baa1cdf bushels1 of which ,california produced #c1ieb1ibc bushels2 ,new ,york1 #a1hcj1bcg bushels2 ,washington1 #a1gbh1gei bushels2 ,oregon1 #gfa1jfc bushels2 ,texas1 #fcg1djj bushels2 and ,missouri1 #dcj1hbh bushels4 ,trees in all other states yielded #d1hgj1acf bushels4 ,there were according to this census #ad1fdf1iie bearing trees and #f1jea1hde not of bearing age4 ,the yield of fruit was #fj per cent greater than in #aiji2 the number of bearing trees #c per cent less2 and the number of non-bearing trees #bh per cent less4 ,compared with other tree-fruits1 according to this census1 the pear occupies fourth place in value of product1 the apple1 peach 7including the nectarine71 and plum 7including the prune71 in order named1 outranking the pear4 ,probably the orange1 grape1 and strawberry yield greater value to the country than the pear1 although the acreage of each of these three fruits is smaller4 ,commercial production cannot be segregated from the total1 but without question the increase in plantings is due to commercial activities2 for the development of the canning industry1 refrigerator service1 and better transportation have greatly stimulated trade in this fruit4 ,in the states in which pear-growing is a commercial industry1 commercial orchards are confined to localities in which climate1 soil1 and transportation combine to favor the pear4 ,in ,new ,york1 for example1 pears are grown for market on a large scale in only ten of the sixty-one counties4 ,these1 with the number of trees in each1 according to the last census are as follows3 ,niagara1 #fbj1gdc2 ,monroe1 #chd1cgd2 ,orleans1 #cgg1cga2 ,columbia1 #cjh1bih2 ,wayne1 #cje1bci2 ,ulster1 #cjd1aeh2 ,greene1 #bjh1hhe2 ,oswego1 #aed1egf2 ,ontario1 #aba1icd2 ,orange1 #if1def4 ,over #gg per cent of all the pear-trees in the ,state are in these counties1 and #gi per cent of the pears grown in the ,state are produced in these ten counties4 ,the production of pears in ,new ,york for the eleven-year period from #aiji to #aiai1 inclusive1 show the increase and fluctuation in the production of pears in the ,state for this period4 ,the figures for #aiji and #aiai are from the thirteenth and fourteenth census reports1 while those of the intervening years are estimates from the ,bureau of ,crop ,estimates of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture4 ,the yields run in bushels for the eleven years as follows3 #a1cdc1jjj1 #a1ecj1jjj1 #a1hhf1jjj1 #a1abh1jjj1 #b1jaf1jjj1 #a1bih1jjj1 #a1cge1jjj1 #a1fge1jjj1 #a1gjh1jjj1 #a1ceb1jjj1 and #a1hcj1bcg4 ,bartlett and ,kieffer are conspicuous leaders among varieties in number of trees and in production for the whole country4 ,in the great commercial pear-growing regions of ,new ,york and ,california1 ,bartlett is the favorite variety1 but ,kieffer is grown largely also1 especially for canners4 ,in the ,south and in the ,mississippi ,valley1 ,kieffer is the leading variety because it is relatively resistant to blight and withstands extremes in climate better than other varieties4 ,for many years after its introduction about #ahgj1 ,kieffer was over-praised by both fruit-growers and nurserymen4 ,fruit-growers liked it because of its resistance to blight and great productiveness1 and nurserymen preferred it to other sorts because it is the easiest of all varieties to grow in the nursery4 ,it is1 however1 so universally condemned for its tasteless fruits that it is losing its popularity1 and is not now as largely planted in competition with ,bartlett as it once was4 ,seckel1 ,clapp ,favorite1 ,winter ,nelis1 ,beurr d',anjou1 ,beurr ,bosc1 ,howell1 ,sheldon1 ,beurr ,clairgeau1 and ,garber for the ,south1 are the standard varieties following ,bartlett and ,kieffer in popularity4 ,bartlett is far in the lead of commercial varieties in ,new ,york4 ,at present1 ,kieffer probably holds second place in this ,state1 but its popularity is fast waning and ,seckel is nearly as commonly planted1 if1 indeed1 it does not now surpass ,kieffer in number of trees4 ,clapp ,favorite1 ,beurr d',anjou1 ,beurr ,bosc1 ,beurr ,clairgeau1 ,duchesse d',angoulme1 ,howell1 ,lawrence1 ,sheldon1 ,vermont ,beauty1 and ,winter ,nelis are all planted more or less in commercial orchards1 and are the favorites for home use4 ,all of these varieties are susceptible to blight1 are a little too tender to cold1 and have other faults of tree and fruit1 so that pear-growers in ,new ,york anxiously look forward to better varieties4 ,it is hardly too much to say that pear-growing can never become a great industry in ,new ,york until better varieties take the place of the unreliable sorts that must be planted now4 ,to some extent1 man-governed agencies determine where pears may be grown profitably if the planter is growing for the markets4 ,pears do not keep long and are easily bruised1 and transportation must not take too great toll2 therefore1 handling facilities must be suitable1 markets must not be distant1 and transportation must be cheap and efficient4 ,but in the culture of this fruit1 natural agencies outrank those depending on man1 two of which determine very largely where pears are to be grown commercially in both the country and the state4 ,these two1 climate and soil1 have been mentioned before1 but must now be discussed somewhat in detail4 ,,climate ,the ideal climate for a cultivated plant is one in which the plant thrives as an escape from cultivation wholly independent of care from man4 ,the apple1 cherry1 plum1 and peach are often found wild in one or another part of ,america1 but the pear almost never4 ,the pear does not naturally become inured to the ,american climate1 and in the orchard is not well acclimated even in the varieties which have originated in the country4 ,in particular1 as a young tree and until well advanced toward maturity1 the pear shows the bad effects of maladjustment to climate1 but as an old tree it seems to be far less susceptible to the extremes of climate to which fruit trees are subjected in most parts of ,america4 ,both of the two chief constituents of climate1 temperature and rainfall1 are determinants of regions and sites in pear-growing4 ,extremes in temperature1 more particularly of cold1 are the only phases of temperature that pear-growers need consider in ,new ,york4 ,the pear is not nearly as hardy as the apple1 and ,bartlett1 the foremost variety in the ,state1 is almost as tender to cold as the peach4 ,the limits of commercial pear-culture are set in this ,state by the winter climate4 ,the pear cannot be grown profitably where the temperature often falls below -#ae ,f41 for while winter-killing of the wood does not always occur at this temperature it sometimes does1 and even occasional injury to the tree is almost fatal to the profitable growing of fruit4 ,fruit-buds of the pear are a little more tender to cold than the wood1 and a season's crop is often ruined when the temperature drops to -#aj ,f4 ,pears in the nursery are more tender to cold than trees in the orchard1 and unless the wood is thoroughly mature or protected by a heavy covering of snow1 nursery stock is likely to be injured by any temperature below zero4 ,the injury of nursery stock is manifested in the well-known black heart of young pear-trees subjected to severe cold4 ,happily1 there is some flexibility in the constitutions of varieties of pears1 as with all fruits1 and a degree of cold that will kill a variety under one set of conditions may not under another4 ,while1 therefore1 it is not safe for commercial fruit-growers to gamble with the weather1 those who grow pears for their own use may do so with the expectation of losing trees or crop now and then but of having them in most seasons4 ,a little can be done to prevent winter injury by carefully selecting sites protected from prevailing winter winds1 and by planting on warm soils on which the wood matures more thoroughly than on cold soils4 ,careful cultural methods1 especially the use of cover-crops1 may be helpful4 ,not much can be done in the way of coddling pear-trees from cold4 ,they cannot be laid down as is sometimes done with peach-trees1 nor can they be grown low enough1 even as dwarfs1 to count on much protection from deep snow4 ,happily1 also1 there are varieties of pears endowed with constitutions fitted for very different climates4 ,varieties of pears from central and northern ,russia show remarkable capacity in resisting cold1 heat1 dryness1 strong winds1 and other peculiarities of the climate of the ,great ,plains1 and some of them can be grown in the coldest agricultural regions of ,new ,york4 ,a few hybrids1 as ,kieffer1 ,le ,conte1 ,garber1 ,douglas1 and others of their kind can be grown in the ,gulf ,states where the common pear cannot withstand the hot summers4 ,cincinis1 ,le ,conte1 and ,garber thrive as far south as central ,florida and southern ,texas4 ,there is considerable variation in the hardiness of the common pear4 ,tyson1 ,flemish ,beauty1 and ,beurr ,superfin are much hardier than ,bartlett1 ,seckel1 or ,clapp ,favorite1 and may be chosen to extend the culture of this fruit to any part of ,new ,york in which the ,baldwin apple can be grown4 ,it is most surprising to find occasionally these hardiest of the common pears growing in some of the coldest parts of the ,state1 usually as demonstrations not only of superior inherent hardiness but also of hardiness brought about by conditions which enable the trees to enter the winter with unimpaired constitutions4 ,the pear is seldom injured by heat in the summers of ,new ,york4 ,occasionally fruit and foliage suffer from long-continued heat in the dry weather of a hot summer4 ,more often the trunks of pear-trees are injured by a blazing sun in late winter or early spring1 especially when the sun's rays are reflected by ice or snow and strike the tree intensified4 ,indeed1 sun-scald so produced is one of the common troubles of the pear in ,new ,york4 ,with the pear1 as with all other fruits1 there is a sum total of heat units above a certain temperature1 put by most experimenters at about #dc ,f41 the awakening point of growth1 necessary to carry the crop from blossoms to proper maturity4 ,of the number of units necessary to mature a crop little is known4 ,many varieties do not ripen in ,new ,york in a cold season1 but come to perfect maturity in warm seasons4 ,a study of phenology would throw much light on the failure of pears to ripen properly4 ,the average date at which the last killing frost occurs in the spring helps to determine the limits in latitude and altitude at which the pear can be grown in ,new ,york4 ,the pear blossoms early1 and while both in bud and blossom the reproductive organs seem able to stand more cold than those of the peach and sweet cherry1 yet even in the most favored regions for growing this fruit in ,new ,york a crop is occasionally lost from killing frosts1 and there are few years in which frost does not take toll in some part of the ,state4 ,damage from frost must be expected when the commonly recognized precautions in selecting frost-resistant sites are not recognized4 ,little or nothing can be done in ,new ,york to prevent injury from frost once trees have been set4 ,windbreaks1 whitewashing1 smudging1 and orchard-heaters are all failures in frost-fighting in this ,state4 ,the pear-grower should know how the blooming time of the varieties of pears he plants agrees in time with spring frosts4 ,to do this he must have weather data and must know the approximate date of blooming of varieties4 ,he ought also to be able to synchronize three of these phases of climate--spring frosts1 fall frosts1 and the length of the summer--with the ripening dates of varieties4 ,data as to the average dates of spring and fall frosts can be obtained from the nearest local weather bureau4 ,the accompanying table gives the blooming and ripening dates of pears grown at the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station4 ,blooming and ripening dates vary in different parts of the ,state1 and to make use of the data from this ,station the grower must compare the latitude1 altitude1 and local environment of his orchard with those of the ,station4 ,data for the ,station is as follows3 ,,blooming ,,season ,,and ,,season ,,of ,,ripening ,,of ,,pear-,,varieties ,blooming season ,ripening season ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,very ,early ,mid- ,late,very,very ,early ,mid- ,late,very early season lateearly season late ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,abraham 99 ,alamo 99 99 ,andr ,desportes 99 99 ,ansault 99 99 ,appert 99 99 ,bartlett 99 99 ,belle ,lucrative 99 99 ,beurr d',anjou 99 99 ,beurr d',arenberg 99 ,beurr ,bosc 99 99 ,beurr ,clairgeau 99 99 ,beurr ,diel 99 99 ,beurr ,giffard 99 99 ,beurr ,hardy 99 99 ,beurr de ,jonghe 99 ,beurr ,superfin 99 ,bihorel 99 99 ,bloodgood 99 99 ,bordeaux 99 99 ,buffum 99 99 ,canner 99 99 ,chamogea 99 ,cincincis 99 99 ,clapp ,favorite 99 99 ,cocklin 99 99 ,colonel ,wilder 99 99 ,columbia 99 99 ,craig 99 99 ,dana ,hovey 99 99 ,dearborn 99 99 ,diamyo 99 99 ,dorset 99 99 ,douglas 99 99 ,doyenn d',alenon 99 99 ,doyenn ,boussock 99 99 ,doyenn du ,comice 99 99 ,duchesse d',angoulme 99 99 ,duchesse d',orlans 99 99 ,duhamel du ,monceau 99 99 ,early ,harvest 99 99 ,easter ,beurr 99 99 ,eastern ,belle 99 99 ,elizabeth 99 99 ,fitzwater 99 99 ,,blooming ,,season ,,and ,,season ,,of ,,ripening ,,of ,,pear-,,varieties -- ,continued ,blooming season ,ripening season ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,very,early ,mid- ,late,very ,very,early ,mid- ,late,very early season lateearly season late ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,flemish ,beauty 99 99 ,fontenay 99 99 ,fox 99 99 ,frederick ,clapp 99 99 ,french 99 99 ,gansel-,seckel 99 99 ,garber 99 ,glou ,morceau 99 99 ,golden ,russet 99 99 ,grand ,isle 99 99 ,guyot 99 ,hemminway 99 99 ,howell 99 99 ,japan 99 99 ,jargonelle 99 99 ,jones 99 99 ,josphine de ,malines 99 99 ,kieffer 99 99 ,koonce 99 99 ,krull 99 99 ,lady ,clapp 99 99 ,lamartine 99 99 ,lamy 99 99 ,lawrence 99 99 ,lawson 99 99 ,le ,conte 99 99 ,lon ,leclerc 7,van ,mons7 99 99 ,lemon 99 99 ,liegel 99 99 ,lincoln 99 99 ,lincoln ,coreless 99 99 ,longworth 99 99 ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey 99 99 ,louvenjal 99 99 ,lucy ,duke 99 99 ,madeline 99 99 ,magnate 99 99 ,margaret 99 99 ,marie ,louise 99 99 ,mongolian 99 99 ,mount ,vernon 99 99 ,nickerson 99 99 ,ogereau 99 ,olivier de ,serres 99 99 ,onondaga 99 99 ,osband 99 ,p4 ,barry 99 99 ,peffer 99 99 ,pitmaston 99 99 ,,blooming ,,season ,,and ,,season ,,of ,,ripening ,,of ,,pear-,,varieties -- ,concluded ,blooming season ,ripening season ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,very,early ,mid-,late,very ,very,early ,mid-,late,very early season lateearly season late ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,pound 99 99 ,prsident ,drouard 99 99 ,prsident ,mas 99 ,raymond 99 99 ,reeder 99 99 ,riehl ,best 99 99 ,ritson 99 99 ,romain 99 99 ,roosevelt 99 99 ,rossney 99 ,russet ,bartlett 99 99 ,rutter 99 99 ,seckel 99 99 ,seneca 99 99 ,sha ,lea 99 99 ,sheldon 99 ,siebold 99 99 ,souvenir de 99 ,congrs 99 99 ,souvenir d',espren 99 99 ,sudduth 99 99 ,summer ,beauty 99 ,summer ,doyenne 99 99 ,treyve 99 99 ,triumph 99 99 ,tyson 99 99 ,ulm 99 99 ,vermont ,beauty 99 99 ,white ,doyenn 99 99 ,wilder ,early 99 99 ,winter ,bartlett 99 99 ,winter ,nelis 99 99 ,worden ,seckel 99 99 ,the latitude of the ,smith ,astronomical ,observatory1 a quarter of a mile from the ,station orchards1 is #db #eb' #df4b2 the altitude of the orchards is from five hundred to five hundred and twenty-five feet above the sea level4 ,the soil is a loamy but rather cold clay2 the orchards lie about a mile west of ,seneca ,lake1 a body of water forty miles in length and from one to three and one-half miles in width and more than six hundred feet deep4 ,the lake has frozen over but a few times since the region was settled1 over a hundred years ago1 and has a very beneficial influence on the adjacent country in lessening the cold of winter and the heat of summer and in preventing early blooming4 ,the blooming period is that of full bloom4 ,the data were taken from trees grown under normal conditions as to pruning1 distance apart1 and as to all other factors which might influence the blooming period4 ,there is a variation of several days between the time of full bloom of the different varieties of pears4 ,these differences can be utilized in selecting sorts to avoid injury from frost4 ,in using blooming-time data it must be kept constantly in mind that varieties of fruits may not bloom in the same relative time4 ,in very warm or very cold springs the usual relations of blooming-time may be upset4 ,rainfall1 moisture1 and cloudiness are most important in growing pears4 ,england1 ,belgium1 and northern ,france1 regions where the pear finds the climate most congenial1 have much cool1 moist1 cloudy weather with much less variation in temperature than is the case in the ,united ,states4 ,the climate of ,new ,york and the states bordered by the ,great ,lakes where most of the pears of eastern ,america are grown1 is cooler1 moister1 and cloudiness is more prevalent than in other eastern states4 ,the summer climate of the ,pacific slope is not moist but is equable and1 in the best pear orchards1 moisture is supplied abundantly by irrigation4 ,from these considerations we may assume that the pear requires more moisture than most other fruits4 ,the pear in ,new ,york more often suffers from too little than from too much rain4 ,the exception is when pears are in bloom1 at which time the crop is sometimes lost or badly injured by cold1 wet weather4 ,warm1 moist weather is favorable to both fire-blight and the scab fungus1 the two most dreaded diseases of the pear4 ,several other weather problems should be studied before selecting a region as a site for a pear-orchard4 ,the direction1 force1 and frequency of prevailing winds both in winter and summer are important considerations4 ,unfavorable winds in winter favor winter-killing2 in blooming time prevent the proper setting of fruit2 and at ripening time make many windfalls4 ,hail storms are more frequent in some parts of ,new ,york than in others and may be a deterrent in selecting a site4 ,lastly1 drouths1 so fatal to the pear1 are more common in some parts of the ,state than in others4 ,,locations ,,and ,,soils ,,for ,,pears ,pears thrive in a great diversity of soils1 provided1 almost always1 that there is depth for proper root-run4 ,a few varieties may be grown in comparatively shallow soils1 but most pears are deep-rooted4 ,the common pear is rather averse to sand1 gravels1 and light soils in general1 and does best in rather heavy loams1 clays1 and even in silts4 ,many varieties show preferences for the several types of loam and clay1 and the commercial grower must see to it that the varieties he plants are suited in their particular soil preference4 ,hybrids between the common pear and the oriental pear--the ,kieffer and its kin--grow well in much lighter soils than pure-bred sorts of the common pear1 and1 as a rule1 find sands and gravels more to their liking than clays and heavy loams4 ,pears will stand rather more water in the soil than any other of their orchard associates1 but a soil water-soaked for any great length of time in the growing season is a poor medium in which to grow pears4 ,if1 therefore1 a soil is not sufficiently dry naturally it must be tile-drained4 ,pear soils must be fertile4 ,all varieties of this fruit refuse to produce good crops in soils lacking an abundance of the several chemical elements of plant nutrition4 ,even the light soils on which ,kieffer1 ,garber1 and ,le ,conte seem to do best must be well stored with plant-food4 ,this means that good pear land is costly4 ,soils that grow good pears usually grow good farm crops4 ,pears planted in a poor soil do not live but linger4 ,who has not seen short-wooded1 rough1 malformed1 dwarfed1 starved trees which have come to their wretched condition because planted on land not fertile enough for this fruit8 ,the land-skinner who grows grass in his orchard usually comes to grief quickly4 ,pears start best in a virgin soil from which the forest has not been long removed2 on the other hand1 they are often hard to start on senile soils even though they have been heavily fertilized4 ,plenty of humus seems to stimulate pears4 ,there is a prejudice against soils too rich1 some holding that on overly rich land the growth is soft and sappy and therefore a good medium for the multiplication of the blight bacteria4 ,this is mostly prejudice1 but certain it is that culture and fertility should not be so managed that the growth continues late1 and the trees go into the winter soft and tender to cold4 ,soils seem to have a profound influence on the flavor and texture of pears4 ,in uncongenial soils the fruits are often so sour or astringent1 dry or gritty1 that the product is poor in quality2 whereas the pears of the same variety in a soil to which it is suited are choicely good4 ,a few varieties1 as ,bartlett1 ,clapp ,favorite1 and ,seckel1 grow well and produce fine fruit in a great diversity of soils1 but most sorts do so much better in one soil than in another that it becomes a matter of prime importance in pear-growing to discover the particular adaptations of the varieties to be planted4 ,to discover an ideal soil for a variety is about the highest desideratum in pear-growing4 ,some varieties are made to grow in uncongenial soils by grafting them on stocks better adapted to the soil4 ,thus1 on certain soils some pears grafted on quince stocks do better than on pear roots4 ,this is a great field of future discovery and one in which discoveries are being made as experimenters try new stocks to secure greater resistance to blight4 ,in all of this work1 pear-growers must know not only how well the stock resists blight1 but also how well the cion takes to the stock and the stock thrives on various soils4 ,the pear is easy to suit in matter of site for the orchard so far as lay of land is concerned4 ,altitude1 exposure1 slope1 and local climate1 all so important in choosing sites for the more tender peach1 plum1 and sweet cherry1 need receive little consideration in planting the pear4 ,a site somewhat higher than the surrounding country gives the two great advantages of soil drainage and air drainage4 ,good air drainage is a prime requisite with pears1 as it helps to reduce the danger from frost1 and neither pear-scab nor fire-blight are as virulent as on trees planted on sites where there is little movement of air4 ,rolling land1 so often recommended for all fruits1 seems not to be essential for pears1 as many splendid orchards of this fruit are on flat lands1 which1 however1 usually have an elevation above the surrounding country on one or more boundaries4 ,the influence of large bodies of water1 so favorable to the peach1 is not as necessary with the pear1 although the best pear regions in the ,state are near the ,great ,lakes1 the ,finger ,lakes1 or along the ,hudson4 ,there are no successful pear-orchards in the ,state surrounded by higher land4 ,frosts1 freezes1 pear-blight1 and fungi would soon play havoc with pear-trees in such a situation4 ,the shelter of hills1 forests1 or of apple-orchards1 provided they do not shade the pear-orchard too much1 may be a valuable adjunct to a site4 ,such shelter1 however1 is desirable only when so situated as to protect against unseasonable winds and storms4 ,tree and fruit suffer greatly when loaded branches are whipped about by strong winds4 ,the advantages of artificial windbreaks1 whether of evergreen or deciduous trees1 are usually more than offset by disadvantages4 ,the direction in which land slopes is greatly over-emphasized by horticultural writers if orchards in ,new ,york are considered4 ,the only important aspect of exposure for pears in this ,state is that the land slope toward the water when near a large body of water that the orchard may secure in full the effects that come from planting trees near the water4 ,economic considerations are becoming more and more important in choosing sites for all fruits in ,new ,york4 ,transportation facilities1 including good roads1 markets1 labor1 and packing and selling organizations are now more important in the pear regions of the ,state than the natural determinants of soil and climate1 since these are so favorable in any of the fruit regions in which pears are largely grown4 ,natural advantages are more common than man-made ones1 and the pear may be grown on vast areas of ,new ,york lands so far as climate and soil are concerned1 but which are wholly unsuited because the economic factors are unfavorable4 ,sites for pear-orchards should be sought for in localities where there are pears enough grown for a central packing association2 near a shipping center where the haul is short and over good roads2 the freight service should be prompt1 regular1 and efficient1 with low freight and good refrigerator service2 labor should be abundant and not too expensive2 and the markets should be several and so located that they are not controlled by growers in regions more advantageously situated4 ,the pear-grower is becoming more and more concerned with the kind of stock upon which his trees are grafted4 ,one or more of several objects is sought in working a pear on roots other than its own4 ,the stock may be chosen1 and most often is1 with the single purpose in view of perpetuating a variety2 it may be selected to dwarf or magnify the size of the cion2 very often the stock is better adapted to the soil than the cion would be on its own roots2 the quality of the fruit is sometimes improved by the stock2 lastly1 some stocks are much more resistant to fire-blight than others4 ,it is this last character of the stock that is now receiving most attention4 ,stock and cion are united either by budding or grafting1 with budding coming more and more in use4 ,more than with any other fruit1 double-working is used in propagating pears4 ,for example1 the quince stock is often preferred to a pear stock4 ,but some varieties of pears do not unite well with the quince1 in which case a sort which makes a good union with the quince is first budded or grafted on the stock1 and when this cion has grown to sufficient size1 it is top-worked to the desired variety4 ,according to the size of the mature plant1 pear-trees are designated as dwarfs and standards1 the difference in size being brought about by the stock4 ,dwarf trees are usually grown on quince stocks2 standards1 on pear stocks4 ,dwarfing pear-trees is an old practice1 having been in use in ,europe at least #cjj years4 ,during this time the use of quince stocks to dwarf the pear has been a common practice in ,france and ,england4 ,for a century1 dwarfing the pear by growing it on the quince has been common in ,america4 ,dwarfing is recommended to secure several effects4 ,dwarf trees are more manageable than standard trees when the orchard area is small2 dwarfing stocks are shallow rooted1 and dwarfs1 as a rule1 do not need a soil so deep as do standard trees2 pears grown on quince stocks are often larger1 handsomer1 and better in flavor and texture than those grown as standards2 the trees come in bearing earlier4 ,dwarf pears1 never very common on this continent1 are not planted as much now as they were some years ago4 ,at one time1 orchards of these dwarfs were a familiar sight in ,new ,york4 ,a dwarf orchard and even a dwarf tree is now seldom seen4 ,the faults that have driven them out of ,new ,york are3 ,the stocks used in dwarfing are not uniform1 consequently the trees vary in vigor1 health1 habit of growth1 and in time of maturity2 nurserymen find that the stocks vary greatly in ease of propagation either from cuttings or layers2 the quince stocks are of several varieties1 difficult and expensive to obtain and1 therefore1 the orchard trees are expensive2 dwarf trees require much more care in pruning1 training1 and cultivation than do standard trees2 the cost of producing pears in a dwarf orchard is greater than in a plantation of standard trees1 and the fruit does not command a much higher price2 dwarf trees are commonly rated as less hardy than standard trees and are much shorter-lived2 left to themselves1 or if planted too deep1 the cions take root and the trees are but half dwarf4 ,some of the objections to dwarf trees could be done away with by obtaining a variety of the quince which would dwarf the pear satisfactorily1 which could be grown easily from cuttings or layers1 and upon which most pears could be easily worked4 ,a quince of this description is not in sight4 ,there is great difference of opinion among growers as to what varieties may be successfully grown on quince stocks4 ,probably all will agree that the following1 few indeed1 are the best dwarfs in ,america3 ,beurr d',anjou1 ,duchesse d',angoulme1 ,howell1 ,lawrence1 ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey1 ,elizabeth1 and ,white ,doyenn4 ,all other sorts1 if to be grown on dwarfs1 grow better when double worked4 ,almost all of the pears grown in ,america1 as has been said1 are standard trees4 ,the stocks for these standard pears are nearly all imported from ,europe under the name ,french stocks1 although on the ,pacific slope seedlings of oriental species are being used more and more4 ,the ,french stocks are seedlings of vigorous forms of the common pear1 ,p4 communis4 ,efforts to grow stocks of this species in ,america usually fail because leaf-blight is so destructive as to make their culture unprofitable4 ,leaf-blight can be controlled by spraying1 but other deterrents1 as high price of labor and losses from dry summers1 added to the cost of spraying1 make ,american-grown stocks expensive4 ,stocks raised in this country are usually seedlings from imported seed4 ,seedlings of the ,sand pear1 ,p4 serotina1 and its hybrids have been tried extensively in the ,south and ,west to obtain cheap stocks more resistant to pear-blight than the ,french stock1 but they do not seem to be much more resistant to blight1 and many of the best varieties do not take on these stocks1 so that they are generally considered a failure4 ,new types of stocks are needed badly4 ,the ideal stock must be vigorous and hardy2 fairly immune to leaf-blight and fire-blight2 it must come from a species which seeds freely1 and the seedlings from which are uniform2 this ideal stock must be adapted to all pear-growing regions in the country2 a large percentage of the seedlings must make first-class stocks2 the budding season must be long2 congeniality with all cultivated varieties must be great or very nearly perfect2 the consort of stock and cion must make a long-lived tree4 ,quince stocks are obtained from cuttings or mound-layers4 ,layering is considered the better method of the two4 ,stocks from the oriental hybrids1 of the ,kieffer and ,le ,conte type1 are often grown from cuttings in the ,south4 ,these are made in the spring from mature wood of the preceding year's growth1 and are treated much as are grape and currant cuttings4 ,long cuttings1 a foot in length if possible1 should be used4 ,these stocks are of little value for varieties of the common pear1 but are better than ,french stocks for the oriental hybrids1 since these1 in the ,south at least1 usually overgrow ,french stocks4 ,own-rooted trees of these oriental hybrids are often grown from cuttings4 ,while of doubtful utility1 stocks from other genera may be used for the pear4 ,some of the thorns are occasionally used as dwarfing stocks4 ,the mountain ash is sometimes used to adapt pears to light sandy soils4 ,occasionally one hears of pears grafted on sorbus4 ,the pear on the apple is short-lived1 but old apple-trees top-worked to pears sometimes give abundant crops for a few years4 ,apple roots may be used as a nurse for pear cions4 ,to be successful1 the pear cion should be long1 when1 if grafted on short apple-roots and set deeply1 the pear sends out roots and eventually becomes own-rooted4 ,,pear ,,orchards ,,and ,,their ,,care ,perhaps no tree-fruit is more exacting in care than the pear4 ,young trees1 in particular1 must be well cared for and more or less coddled if any factor in environment is adverse4 ,almost any young orchard of this fruit becomes moribund if the owner settles down to self-satisfied complacency4 ,as the trees come into full bearing1 the several items of culture need not be so intensive4 ,a perfect pear-orchard is about the consummation of good fruit-growing4 ,but a perfect orchard of this fruit is seldom to be found1 for1 sooner or later1 blight is certain to take its toll4 ,because of blight1 the culture of no other fruit is attended with more frequent or keener disappointments4 ,today a man may walk in his orchard with adoration1 as an artist walks in a beautiful landscape4 ,tomorrow1 blight may blast the fairest trees4 ,pear-growing1 thus1 becomes a good deal of a gamble1 and the boundaries within which a fruit-grower's ambitions must be confined as to acreage must be more closely drawn than with other fruits4 ,in most pear regions1 the risks are too great to venture all in the culture of this fruit4 ,it is an uphill task to grow pears on land not well fitted before planting4 ,a young pear-tree is about the least self-assertive of any of the tree-fruits4 ,for the first year or two young pears seem to have almost no internal push1 and are unable to get much of a start out of any but land in the best of tilth4 ,a bare1 stony1 starved soil is no place for a young pear4 ,the ground should be well tilled almost or quite to the depth the trees are to be planted1 otherwise the roots seek the upper layers of earth where there is least resistance and food is most available4 ,if the drainage is faulty1 subsequent treatment is well-nigh useless4 ,sometimes retentive soils in which drainage is good most of the year but slow at planting time may be brought into condition by plowing a back-furrow along the line of each row in the direction of surface drainage to carry away the surface water4 ,under no circumstances should a tree be planted in a hole in which water is liable to stand about the roots4 ,if possible1 the land should be prepared a year in advance by putting in a hoed crop1 after which it should be plowed deeply in the fall and pulverized well in the spring1 and the trees planted as promptly as possible4 ,land suitable for growing pears does not need to be fertilized for young trees4 ,it is not too much to say that land which will not grow good wheat or corn is hardly fit for pears1 although lighter soils fertilized as the trees come in bearing grow some varieties very well2 but even on these the young trees will start as well without as with fertilizers4 ,commercial fertilizers1 at least1 are not wanted by young trees4 ,stable manure1 usually priceless in orchard regions1 often puts an atmosphere in an orchard not to be had by any other means1 chiefly1 probably1 because it helps to put the land in good tilth rather than because of the plant food supplied4 ,present practices in the use of fertilizers for mature pear-trees are very diverse4 ,until experiments in fertilizing pears are carefully carried out1 the pear-grower may well follow the practices of apple-growers1 since a considerable number of long-time experiments have thrown light on the fertilizer requirements of apples in the several great fruit regions of the country4 ,the pear1 however1 requires a richer soil than the apple2 but1 on the other hand1 it is pretty well agreed that the blight bacterium finds readier entrance and a better medium in which to grow in the soft wood of a luxuriant growth than in the more compact wood of slow growths4 ,whatever fertilizer is used should be applied early to promote early growth and so permit thorough ripening of wood well in advance of severe cold4 ,many growers maintain that blight is less virulent in orchards laid down to grass4 ,it is doubtful if this is true and if true the produce is so scant and the pears so small that an orchard grown in grass is about as often a liability as an asset4 ,when the pear is set in grass1 however1 nitrate of soda applied very early in the season in liberal amounts is a necessary adjunct to the grass-mulch4 ,in any pear orchard1 when the foliage is off color1 small1 sparse1 or hangs limp1 nitrate of soda is a sovereign rejuvenator4 ,this discussion may be closed with advice as to how one may know when his trees need fertilizers4 ,if the trees are vigorous1 bearing well1 the fruits of proper size1 the foliage a luxuriant green1 the growth plump1 the buds turgid1 he may well assume that his trees need no additional plant-food4 ,if the trees are not in the condition of well-being indicated1 one ought to be well assured that drainage1 tillage1 and health are as they should be before applying expensive and uncertain fertilizers4 ,nothing is more satisfactory than making sure that one is not putting chemicals in the ground for nothing in the use of fertilizers4 ,a simple experiment to obtain positive evidence as to whether a pear-orchard needs fertilizers is easily carried on and gives assurance where before there was doubt4 ,the following is an example of such an experiment3 7#a7 ,acid phosphate to give about #ej pounds of phosphoric acid to the acre applied to one plat2 7#b7 phosphate as above and muriate of potash to give #ajj pounds of potash to the acre on another plat2 7#c7 phosphate and muriate as above and nitrate of soda and dried blood to give #ej pounds of nitrogen per acre on a third plat2 7#d7 six tons of stable manure on a fourth plat2 and 7#e7 one plat left unfertilized as a check4 ,planting practices vary so greatly from place to place and from time to time1 and each method at the place and time seems so justifiable1 that one can hardly advocate particular methods and can only state what they are4 ,thus1 pears have been set in accordance with all of several planting plans1 and at distances ranging from sixteen to twenty-five feet apart4 ,at present1 pear-orchards are usually laid out in meridians and parallels at intervals of eighteen and twenty feet2 when the first distance is used1 one hundred and thirty-four trees are planted to the acre2 if the second1 one hundred and eight trees4 ,it is patent to the eye of every passer-by that these distances are more often too small than too great4 ,certainly on rich soils and with varieties the trees of which are spreading1 the distance might often better be put at twenty-two or twenty-four feet4 ,a poorly-colored pear is usually a poorly-flavored pear2 and color and flavor are largely dependent on sunshine and air which are hardly to be had in closely-planted trees4 ,perfect alignment is imperative for convenience in working and pride of appearance4 ,dwarf trees in ,new ,york should be set at least fifteen feet apart each way1 one hundred and ninety-three trees to the acre1 although it is a common practice to set them closer4 ,until recently one of the discouragements in pear-growing was the failure of fruit to set1 even though the trees bore an abundance of blossoms4 ,the discovery that failure was often due to self-sterility in a variety1 and that it was necessary to set another variety near-by to furnish pollen to fertilize the self-sterile blossoms has removed much of the uncertainty in growing pears4 ,we now know that self-sterility has a most important economic aspect in the planting of pears4 ,some of the varieties most profitable when planted to secure cross-pollination1 are so unfruitful as to be quite unprofitable when a tree stands alone or when the variety is set in a solid block with no other sort near4 ,under most conditions ,bartlett and ,kieffer1 the mainstays of ,american pear-culture1 both need pollen from another variety to insure a full set of fruit4 ,under some conditions both may be sufficiently self-fertile4 ,from these two statements it is seen that self-sterility is not a constant factor in a variety4 ,self-sterility and self-fertility are greatly influenced by the condition under which a variety is grown4 ,thus1 a variety is often self-sterile in one locality and not in another4 ,occasionally ,bartlett1 usually nearly or quite self-sterile1 and other varieties as well1 set fruit one season and not the next4 ,all pears1 the ,bartlett in particular1 seem to have a greater degree of self-sterility in eastern pear regions than on the ,pacific slope4 ,in general1 the better the adaptation of a variety to its environment the better it sets fruit with its own pollen4 ,it is obvious1 therefore1 that it is not possible to give lists of self-sterile and self-fertile varieties4 ,such lists can be made out only for regions and localities4 ,some varieties1 however1 more often fail to set fruit because of self-sterility than others4 ,among standard pears1 ,bartlett1 ,beurr d',anjou1 ,beurr ,clairgeau1 ,clapp ,favorite1 ,howell1 ,kieffer1 ,lawrence1 ,sheldon1 and ,winter ,nelis appear to be most often self-sterile4 ,beurr ,bosc1 ,flemish ,beauty1 and ,seckel are usually self-fertile4 ,a self-sterile variety usually sets fruit when another variety is at hand to supply pollen4 ,several considerations determine the selection of varieties to interplant4 ,thus1 the two varieties must blossom at the same time if cross-pollination is to be effective4 ,the table on pages #hh to #ij shows the sorts that bloom at the same time1 or nearly enough so to make cross-pollination possible4 ,under normal conditions1 the blooming time of varieties overlaps sufficiently for cross-pollination excepting those that bloom very early and very late4 ,if the table is used for regions much to the north or to the south of this ,station1 allowance must be made for a shorter blooming period the farther north2 a longer one the farther south4 ,that varieties of pears have sexual affinities is another consideration that merits some attention4 ,that is1 one variety will fertilize another sort very well1 while pollen from a third may not be at all acceptable4 ,affinities can be determined only by hand crossing4 ,probably the importance of affinities is over-rated4 ,the distance between varieties set for cross-pollination must not be too great--not more than two or three rows apart4 ,for convenience in harvesting1 varieties should be selected in relation to ripening4 ,only commercial varieties should be interplanted1 as the wastage is too great if comparatively worthless sorts are set to fertilize a standard commercial variety4 ,some disadvantages attend the setting of mixed orchards of pears1 and these must be weighed and overcome as far as possible4 ,there are many current statements to the effect that all varieties1 whether self-sterile or self-fertile1 are more fruitful and produce better fruit with foreign pollen than with their own4 ,to old pear-growers1 this seems to be putting it rather strong1 but the statements come from accurate experimenters and observers and should have consideration4 ,cross-pollination1 be it remembered1 is not a cure-all for failures to set fruit4 ,unseasonable weather1 lack of vitality in trees1 various fungi1 and no doubt other agencies1 may be the cause of unfruitfulness4 ,as to commercial varieties1 the tale is soon told4 ,only a half-dozen sorts are generally planted in ,new ,york orchards4 ,these1 about in order of importance1 are3 ,bartlett1 ,kieffer1 ,seckel1 ,beurr ,bosc1 ,beurr d',anjou1 and ,winter ,nelis4 ,to this short list may be added the following grown more or less for local markets3 ,clapp ,favorite1 ,sheldon1 ,beurr ,clairgeau1 ,lawrence1 ,howell1 ,tyson1 and ,mount ,vernon4 ,a list for the home orchard should include all of these and many more to be chosen from the major varieties described in ,chapter ,,iv4 ,the pear flora of the country changes very slowly1 and there are now almost no new sorts on general probation in the country4 ,perhaps with no other tree-fruits is it more important to begin with good trees1 as even with the best it is often difficult to get a good start toward a pear-orchard4 ,black-heart1 caused by winter-killing1 is a sign that must be heeded1 and a tree badly blackened in its pith1 especially if the surrounding wood is discolored1 should be discarded4 ,crown-gall on tap roots affects the tree deleteriously4 ,trees marked by hail or insects are often worthless4 ,other marks that commend or condemn trees are3 ,a short stocky plant is better than a tall spindling one4 ,a tree with many branches is better than one with few branches4 ,the roots should be much branched rather than sparsely branched4 ,a tree with smooth1 bright bark is better than one with rough1 dull bark4 ,both trunk and branches should be plump and show no signs of shrivelling4 ,a poor pear-tree in the nursery seldom makes a good tree in the orchard4 ,there is great variation in varieties as the trees come from the nursery1 a fact to be considered4 ,in ,new ,york1 two-year-old trees are best4 ,a good deal of the success that attends the culture of the pear depends on properly setting the young trees and the right care of the young plants4 ,it is superfluous to discuss these operations in detail1 but a statement as to proper setting and care will serve as reminders4 ,in this ,state1 pear-trees should always be set in the spring4 ,a young pear-tree should be set in the soil about as deep as it stood in the nursery2 in light soils the roots might well be planted a little deeper1 and in heavy soils not quite so deep4 ,the soil must be packed firmly about the roots--best done by tramping4 ,watering is necessary only when the land is parched with drought4 ,when necessary1 water should be used liberally4 ,puddling the roots by dipping them in thin mud before planting serves very well for watering4 ,the surface soil should always be left loose4 ,rank manure about the roots of young trees is plant infanticide4 ,during the tender nonage of the young pear1 cultivation should be intensive2 insects and fungi should be kept off2 and plants that refuse to grow well must be marked for discarding4 ,a catch-crop grown between the rows of pears is a profitable adjunct to the pear-orchard for the first four or five years4 ,few indeed are the pear-orchards in ,new ,york that cannot be made to sustain themselves for the first few years by inter-cropping4 ,the crops should be hoed crops1 such as potatoes1 cabbage1 beans1 tomatoes1 and nearly all crops in demand at the canneries4 ,along the ,hudson1 small-fruits are often planted in young pear-orchards1 but in ,western ,new ,york these are not looked upon with favor4 ,grass and grain are deadly in a young pear-orchard1 and no right-minded man would plant them there4 ,this brings us to cultivation4 ,cultivation should be the rule2 sod mulch1 the exception1 in growing pears in ,new ,york4 ,after pear-trees come into bearing they may be made to produce crops if kept in sod4 ,the grass in sodded orchards should be kept closely mown to form a mulch about the trees4 ,commercial fertilizers as well as mulch are needed in sodded orchards1 and of the several chemical fertilizers nitrogen is most requisite4 ,the man who grows pears in sod must not expect as much fruit1 as the crop is lessened in both number and size of the pears4 ,on the other hand1 the pears may be better colored1 and the trees may be freer from blight4 ,tillage is begun in the spring by plowing the land4 ,this operation is followed by cultivation with smoothing-harrow1 weeder1 or cultivator4 ,there are several reliable guides to tell when and how often a pear-orchard should be cultivated4 ,when the soil becomes dry it should be tilled4 ,a heavy rain should always be followed by the cultivator to prevent the formation of a crust on the surface4 ,at this time1 he tills twice who tills quickly4 ,cultivate when there are clods to be pulverized4 ,usually a pear-orchard should be cultivated once in two or three weeks until time to sow the cover-crop in midsummer4 ,the depth to till is governed by the season and the nature of the soil4 ,heavy soils need deep stirring2 light soils1 shallow stirring4 ,till moist soils deeply2 dry soils1 lightly4 ,the time to stop tillage depends on the soil1 the climate1 and the season4 ,the fruit should be nearly full sized when tillage is stopped and the cover-crop sown4 ,the cover-crop seed is covered the last time the cultivator goes over the orchard4 ,clover1 vetch1 cow-horn turnip1 rape1 oats1 rye1 and buckwheat are all used as cover-crops in this ,state4 ,combination crops are not popular because of too great cost of seed4 ,the quantity of seed sown is the same as when the crops are grown as farm crops4 ,the crops must be changed from time to time in whatever rotation seems most suitable for the soil4 ,the weather-map must be watched at sowing time to make sure of a moist seed-bed4 ,whatever the crop1 it should be plowed under in the fall or early spring1 and under no circumstances should it stand late in the spring to rob the trees of food and moisture4 ,in moist1 hot seasons1 the cover-crop should be sown earlier than in seasons of slow growth1 when1 possibly1 it acts as a deterrent to blight1 and certainly makes more certain thorough ripening of the new wood4 ,the double nature of pruning must be kept in mind whenever a pruning tool is taken in the pear-orchard4 ,fruit-trees are pruned to increase the quantity and quality of the crop--this is pruning proper2 and to give the trees such form that they are easily managed in the orchard--this is training4 ,pruning tools are used first when the trees are set1 and they should be used every year thereafter as long as the tree lives4 ,the pruning at setting time is particularly important with the pear1 since newly set pears are slow and uncertain in starting1 and linger in growth for a year or two after going into the orchard4 ,the pruning is much the same as with other trees1 but must be done with a little greater care4 ,the top of the young plant must be pruned to enable the injured root-system to supply the remaining branches with water4 ,the less the roots are injured1 the less the top need be cut4 ,some cut back all of the branches2 some remove whole branches and do not head back those that remain4 ,the latter is the better plan for this reason3 ,the top buds on branches are largest and develop first1 and the newly set tree will grow best if it develops a large leaf-surface before hot dry weather sets in4 ,young trees usually have surplus branches2 remove those not needed1 leaving three1 four1 or rarely five to form the framework of the tree4 ,a pear so pruned will start growth and acquire vigor more quickly than if all branches are cut back4 ,a choice must be made when planting as to whether the tree is to be low- or high-headed4 ,the habit of growth of varieties differs so greatly that there can be no rule to determine how high the head of a tree should be started4 ,one can generalize to this extent3 ,the heads of varieties with spreading tops should be started higher than those having an upright or pyramidal top4 ,without question1 the choice should be for a low-headed pear-tree4 ,the trunks of pear-trees suffer terribly from blight and sun-scald4 ,the less trunk and the more it is shaded by branches1 the less the tree suffers from these two troubles4 ,also1 low trees are more easily sprayed and pruned2 the crop is more easily thinned and harvested2 crop and tree are less subject to injury by frost2 the top is more quickly formed2 and a low-headed tree bears fruit soonest4 ,by low-headed is meant a distance from the ground to the first limb of two feet4 ,two shapes of tops are open to choice--the open-centered and the close-centered4 ,in the open-centered1 or vase-form top1 the tree consists of a short trunk1 surmounted by four or five main branches ascending obliquely4 ,in the close-centered top1 the trunk is continued above the lower branches and forms the center of the tree4 ,the close-centered pear-tree produces more fruit and is most easily kept to its shape4 ,no doubt it is best for most varieties4 ,the open-centered tree1 with its framework of several main branches1 has the advantage when trees are attacked by blight1 since if one or two branches are destroyed by the disease a part of the tree may still be saved4 ,the head should never be formed by two central leaders forming a crotch1 as the trunk is liable to split and ruin the tree4 ,for several years after planting1 the pear needs to be pruned only to train the tree to the height of head determined upon and to form the top4 ,exceptions are the sorts which produce few branches and thus form straggling heads4 ,this defect is overcome by cutting back some of the branches in the spring1 an operation which increases the number of branches4 ,a few other sorts1 as ,winter ,nelis and ,white ,doyenn1 have drooping1 twisting1 wayward branches which can be trained into manageable shape only by cutting back or tying the branches in place4 ,pear-growers as a rule prune young trees too much4 ,over-pruning increases the growth of wood and leaf too greatly1 and thus delays the fruiting of the plant4 ,a good deal might be said about the use and abuse of heading-in pears--that is1 cutting back the terminal growths from year to year4 ,dwarf pears must be headed-in severely to keep the trees down1 but standard trees should be headed-in only to make the tops thicker and broader--a desirable procedure with some varieties4 ,old trees often need to be pruned to increase their vigor4 ,such pruning is often spoken of as pruning for wood4 ,when the tops of pear-trees have dead and dying wood1 when the seasonal growth is short and slender1 when the crops are small and the pears lack size1 or when trees are weakened by disease1 a healthy condition may oftentimes be restored by severely cutting back some branches and wholly removing others4 ,in such pruning the following rules ought to be observed3 ,weak-growing varieties are pruned heavily2 strong-growing kinds1 lightly4 ,varieties which branch freely need little pruning2 those having few and unbranching limbs should be pruned closely4 ,in cool1 damp climates1 trees produce much wood and need little pruning2 in hot dry climates1 growth is scant and trees need much pruning4 ,rich1 deep soils favor growth2 trees in such soils should be pruned lightly4 ,in light or shallow soils1 trees produce few and short shoots2 the pruning of trees on such soils should be severe4 ,a good deal is said about pruning for fruit4 ,it is doubtful1 however1 whether unfruitful pear-trees can be made more fruitful by the pruning recommended for this purpose4 ,when barrenness is caused by the production of wood and foliage at the expense of fruit-buds1 as possibly sometimes happens1 summer-pruning may check the over-production of growth and cause flower-buds to form4 ,there seems to be no definite experiments to prove this theory in ,america1 nor do pear-growers generally practice this kind of pruning which has been preached so long and so often4 ,to follow the rules in this operation1 summer-pruning should be done when the growth for the season has nearly ceased4 ,if done earlier1 the shoots cut back start again and the pruning has been useless4 ,if done too late1 there is too little time for the production of fruit-buds4 ,in the unequable climate of this country it is most difficult to know when to prune in the summer to meet the requirements of the theory urged so strongly by ,european pomologists4 ,a weighty objection to summer-pruning in ,america is that the wounds might and probably would become centers of infection for blight4 ,there is no attempt to give a full discussion of pruning in this text4 ,such details as making the cut1 covering the wounds1 pruning paraphernalia1 filling cavities and the amount to prune1 belong to texts on pruning4 ,perhaps two minor details important in growing pears should be mentioned4 ,suckers or water-sprouts form so freely on branches of pears that they often seriously devitalize the tree1 and usually are centers of blight4 ,they should therefore be removed promptly whenever and wherever found4 ,the time to prune the pear is important4 ,if the work is done too early in the winter1 injury may result to the tissues near the wound from cold or from checking4 ,if done late in the spring when sap is flowing1 the wound becomes wet and sticky and is a suitable place for the growth of fungi and the blight bacterium4 ,the pear is as easily grafted as any other pome1 and the operation is more certain and more often desirable than with any of the stone-fruits4 ,almost any method of grafting used with orchard fruits is successful with the pear4 ,but the pear is not often grafted in this ,state after the tree has been set in the orchard4 ,the great objection is that the vigorous growth made by grafts is nearly always nipped by blight4 ,possibly the lack of affinity between different varieties is more pronounced than with other pomes4 ,the common ,european varieties cannot be inter-worked without experimental knowledge of how one variety will grow on another1 and it is almost impossible to intergraft common varieties with the oriental hybrids4 ,the temptation is strong in this ,state to graft such sorts as ,bartlett and ,seckel on ,kieffer4 ,this combination is seldom successful2 nor1 as a rule1 can other ,european pears be grafted on ,kieffer1 although some growers have succeeded fairly well in growing ,seckel on ,kieffer4 ,thinning the fruit is not a common practice in pear-growing in this ,state4 ,there is no doubt but that much might be done to improve pears in both size and quality by thinning1 for be it remembered that large size of fruit and high quality are usually correlated in pears4 ,thinning often saves the vigor of the tree1 and it is often good orchard management to destroy insect- or disease-infected fruit by thinning4 ,the objection is high cost4 ,most growers1 however1 find that it pays to thin4 ,thinning is usually done as soon as possible after the ,june drop4 ,it is most difficult to tell1 when thinning1 what will prove superfluity at harvest4 ,a skilled grower adjusts the size of the crop to the variety1 the vigor of the tree1 fertility and moisture in the ground1 the season1 and insects and fungi4 ,thinning should begin in the winter with the removal of what seem to be superfluous branches1 for even at this time fruit-prospects for the ensuing season are fore-shadowed4 ,,harvesting ,,and ,,marketing ,fruit-growing is made up of several quite distinct phases of activity2 as1 propagation1 culture1 pruning1 pests1 harvesting1 and marketing4 ,treated in detail1 each of these several operations constitutes matters quite sufficient for separate treatises4 ,in a manual such as this only outlines of present practices are in place4 ,perhaps of all deciduous fruits the pear needs as particular attention in the various operations which conduct it from the orchard to the table as any other1 if1 indeed1 it is not the most difficult of hardy fruits to handle after it leaves the orchard4 ,the several operations that should be treated in a discussion of handling the pear crop1 no matter how brief1 are picking1 grading1 packing1 storing1 shipping1 and marketing4 ,the time of picking is most important in handling pears4 ,pears are picked1 especially for the markets1 long before they are ready to eat out of hand4 ,so harvested1 almost without exception1 all pears acquire higher quality than when they ripen on the tree4 ,moreover1 when the necessary percentage of sugars and solids has developed to give full flavor the pears are too easily bruised to be shipped4 ,just how green pears can be harvested and afterward have the rich shades of red and yellow and the delectable flavor of ripe pears develop seems not yet to have been determined4#bb ,no doubt the stages of development differ somewhat with the variety4 ,in ,new ,york1 the generally accepted rule is to pick when the stem parts readily from the branch if the fruit is lifted4 ,some wait until there is a perceptible yellowing of the maturer fruits2 others until full-grown1 wormy specimens are ripe2 still others until the seeds begin to change color4 ,but on the ,pacific slope and for the cannery in this ,state1 pears are picked when much greener than in any of the conditions named and yet seem to ripen well4 ,as a matter of economy1 the fruits should be left until they attain nearly or quite full size4 ,the directions just given apply more particularly to the main-crop pears and early and fall sorts4 ,winter pears in this ,state should be left on the trees until in danger from freezing4 ,even so1 the season is too short for some choice winter sorts4 ,no matter what the season1 pears should be shipped before they reach edible condition4 ,a few of the winter pears1 suitable only for culinary purposes1 never soften1 and change color little or not at all4 ,picking pears is not the delicate business that picking the stone-fruits is1 but yet must be done with considerable care as a bruise provides a place for subsequent decay4 ,few picking appliances are needed1 but these should be carefully chosen to insure speed and careful handling of the fruit4 ,a full complement of ladders is necessary1 and the picking receptacle1 either bag1 basket1 or bucket1 should be chosen to fulfill most conveniently its purpose and yet not be a source of danger to the fruit4 ,from the picking receptacle1 the pears go to the crate or barrel for carriage to the packing-house2 for1 unless the fruit is going to the cannery1 pears should be graded and packed in the packing-house4 ,grading pears is a more difficult operation than grading apples1 as mechanical graders have proved of little use1 and the work must be done by hand4 ,only good fruit is worth grading4 ,it follows1 that the higher the price and the more special the market1 the more carefully should the pears be picked and graded4 ,pears are usually graded in ,new ,york into firsts1 seconds1 and culls4 ,the ,state has no law governing the grading and packing of pears as it has of apples and peaches1 so that pear-growers must establish their own grades4 ,by common consent of growers and dealers1 ,grade ,i consists of pears of one variety1 full sized1 well formed1 free from dirt1 skin-breaks1 worms1 scale1 scab or other damage caused by insect or disease1 hail pecks1 or mechanical injuries4 ,grade ,,ii differs from ,grade ,i only in that the pears may not be of full size nor perfect in form4 ,a leeway of five to ten per cent is allowed for variation incident to grading and handling4 ,culls are pears which do not meet the requirements of the foregoing grades4 ,in putting up grades every effort is made to keep the fruit in a package uniform in size4 ,at the beginning of the season the sizes are gauged by putting the pears through rings of the diameter desired4 ,but packers soon become expert in sizing1 and with a little practice perform the work quickly and accurately without rings4 ,of the larger pears1 such as ,bartlett1 ,clapp ,favorite1 ,beurr ,bosc1 and ,beurr d',anjou1 fruits are hardly worth putting in a good package that do not measure two and one-fourth inches through the shorter axis4 ,grading and sizing pears are greatly neglected1 and most of the crop goes to the market in this ,state wretchedly packed1 for which reason maximum prices are seldom received4 ,the industry can never compete successfully with western pear-growing until higher standards are adopted in putting the ,new ,york crop on the market4 ,in common with grading and sizing1 packages are neglected in marketing ,new ,york pears4 ,some growers pack in bushel baskets2 a few send the crop to market in half-bushel baskets2 a large size of the ,climax basket is occasionally seen in the markets filled with summer pears or small ,seckels2 a keg holding about a bushel or more is less used2 a pear barrel holding a peck less than an apple barrel was formerly more used than now2 ,kieffer is often sent to the market in apple barrels4 ,a very few ,new ,york growers ship in boxes1 but these are few indeed4 ,in all excepting the boxes1 the pears1 having been graded1 are carefully put in the packages1 sometimes in layers and sometimes hit or miss1 but the package is always faced4 ,good grades are usually labeled1 though the same attention is not given to labeling pears that is given in putting up apples4 ,truth is1 the packing of pears in ,new ,york is a decade or two behind the packing of apples4 ,the commercial pear-grower now stores his pears in cold storage if he keeps them any length of time after harvesting4 ,a few varieties1 of which ,beurr ,bosc is most notable1 do not keep well in cold storage1 but most of the mainstays in the pear industry keep fairly well in artificial cold4 ,there is1 however1 much to be learned about the commercial storage of pears4 ,there seems to be little information that can be relied upon as to how low the temperature should go2 how humid the atmosphere should be2 how long the pears can be kept in good condition2 and how different varieties behave under these several conditions4 ,perhaps a word should be said as to how the pear can be ripened best in the home4 ,after harvesting1 the pears should be placed in a cool sweet-smelling fruit-room in shallow boxes or spread upon shelves to acquire in time full flavor and color4 ,most pears part with their moisture readily1 and the pear-room must not be open to draughts which usually cause the fruits to become hard and leathery or to shrivel4 ,if the pears are to be kept long1 wrapping in paper helps to prevent shriveling4 ,nearly all pears ripen perfectly in cool or cold storage1 but a few late winter sorts ripen better if brought into a temperature of #fj or #gj for two or three weeks before their season4 ,a large part of ,new ,york's pear crop is canned in commercial canneries4 ,canners usually pay high prices1 and the crop1 when sold to them1 need not be so carefully picked1 packed1 and otherwise handled4 ,it is a mistake to assume that pears for the cannery can be shaken from the tree or handled roughly otherwise4 ,neither do the canners want the poor grades1 after the good pears have been sent to the market4 ,large sizes are usually preferred1 and the fruits must be well formed1 free from serious insect1 fungous1 or mechanical injuries1 and at a particular stage of maturity which the canner specifies4 ,the profits in selling to canners are usually more certain1 and are often quite as great as in selling on the markets4 ,the cannery is a splendid safety valve to the pear industry in this ,state4 ,pears are not dried commercially in ,new ,york as they are in ,california1 although it would seem that here in the center of the apple-drying industry of the world pears might also be dried with profit4 ,most of the pear crop of this region is now sold to local buyers or on consignment to city dealers4 ,co-operative methods are just beginning and promise much4 ,there are several reasons why the pear1 even more than the apple1 which is more and more going to the markets through co-operative associations1 should be handled by organizations of growers4 ,thus1 an association could load a car quickly1 which few individual growers can do2 pears are not now1 but would be1 graded and packed under one standard2 more favorable transportation rates would be secured2 and1 most important of all1 the pear crop would be distributed to the great markets of the country without the disastrous competition that attends individual marketing4 ,if the pear industry is to grow in the ,state1 pears must be largely marketed through the central packing associations that are now being rapidly organized to sell fruits4 ,no reliable data can be obtained to show what the costs are in growing pears in this ,state4 ,it would be hard to obtain such data1 for pear-growing is now a game of chance from start to finish4 ,good pear-lands are not hard to obtain1 and the risks to tree and crop attendant on weather are not great1 but the trees are everywhere subject to blight2 which1 despite the recommendations of plant pathologists1 cannot be controlled1 and which annually destroys thousands of trees1 ruins others1 and sooner or later upsets calculations of costs and profits in almost every pear-orchard in the ,state4 ,other pests1 as psylla1 the scab-fungus1 and codling-moth beset the pear and make profits uncertain4 ,when all goes well1 the costs are about the same as in growing apples1 while the profits are somewhat greater4#bc ,but with blight to contend with1 most of the economic factors are inconstant1 and calculating costs and profits is guessing pure and simple4 ,,diseases ,,of ,,the ,,pear ,the pear is attacked by a half dozen or more diseases in ,new ,york1 of which two1 at least1 need treatment every year1 in every orchard1 and on nearly every variety4 ,one1 pear-blight1 is about the most malignant of the diseases of the orchard1 for which there is no antidote and no alleviation or preventive except by the most drastic sanitary measures4 ,the other1 pear-scab1 is always present but not always destructive1 although some varieties are always injured by it4 ,the scab1 however1 is amenable to treatment and at its worst only destroys fruit and foliage1 seldom endangering the life of the tree4 ,the four or five other diseases of the pear in ,new ,york are of minor importance and are readily controlled by the treatment necessary to keep in check the scab-fungus4 ,pear-blight merits attention first4 ,pear-blight is a malignant bacterial disease1 very contagious1 usually virulent and so terrible in its consequences as to warrant the common name fire-blight4 ,no part of the tree is exempt from destruction by the malign bacterium that causes blight of the pear4 ,root1 trunk1 branch1 leaf1 flower1 and fruit are all attacked1 turn black and wither under the disease4 ,few plant diseases produce more disastrous results4 ,the pear competes with the apple in importance in ,europe where blight is unknown4 ,in ,america it is a poor fourth to the apple1 peach1 and plum1 and takes fourth place instead of second because of the ravages of blight4 ,about the most important discovery to be made in pomology is a race of blight-resistant pears4 ,failing in this1 if the pear-industry is to grow1 or even continue in its present magnitude1 blight-resistant stocks must be found4 ,the symptoms of pear-blight are so characteristic that the disease cannot be confounded with any other malady or condition of the tree4 ,it appears earliest in the season on the blossoms causing blossom-blight4 ,attacked by blight1 the blossoms wilt1 and after the petals fall1 fruit and spur show the characteristic blackening of the disease4 ,blossom-blight may escape the attention of the pear-grower1 but twig-blight1 a succeeding form of the disease1 can escape no one who has the sense of sight4 ,no other disease of the pear brings on such palpable destruction to the tree as twig-blight4 ,no other disease causes such comfortless despair to the grower4 ,twig1 branch1 or tree1 as the case may be1 in all affected parts1 turns black1 the leaves droop1 seeming to show the effects of fire4 ,a marked symptom is1 if there can be doubt of those given1 that the blackened foliage clings most tenaciously to the dead branches4 ,twig-blight is the most common manifestation of the disease4 ,another form of the blight appears as a canker on the trunk and large branches--canker-blight or body-blight4 ,these cankers are dark1 smooth1 and sunken1 with definite margins marked by a crevasse in the winter2 but as spring comes on the advancing margins become raised and more or less indefinite4 ,occasionally an opaque liquid oozes from lenticels newly attacked4 ,on branches1 the cankers usually surround a smaller offshoot1 sucker1 or spur4 ,the disease spreads with great rapidity1 by reason of which it is easily told from winter-killing4 ,injury from cold is also more general1 and the foliage browns rather than blackens4 ,pear-blight is an ,american disease1 the history of which was briefly given on page #ea4 ,until recently it was confined to regions east of the ,rocky ,mountains1 but since about #aijj it has been a virulent epidemic on the ,pacific slope as well1 and is now found from coast to coast wherever pears are grown in ,north ,america4 ,it seems not to be found in the pear regions of other continents4 ,it attacks the apple1 quince1 and other pomes as well as the pear1 and plant pathologists declare it to be the most destructive disease attacking the pome-fruits4 ,trees in the nursery suffer as well as those in the orchard4 ,every variety of the pear bearing edible fruit is attacked4 ,fortunately1 some sorts are more immune than others4 ,kieffer1 ,seckel1 ,winter ,nelis1 and ,duchesse d',angoulme are most resistant of standard varieties1 while ,bartlett1 ,clapp ,favorite1 and ,flemish ,beauty are little resistant4 ,pear-blight is caused by a bacterium1 ,bacillus amylovorous1 the discovery of which by ,burrill in #ahgg as a cause of this disease is one of the landmarks in plant pathology4 ,the organisms are dormant during the winter1 which they pass in the margins of blight-cankers where moisture is sufficient to keep them alive4 ,with the return of vegetative growth1 some sort of fermentation seems to set in and drops of a thick1 opaque liquid ooze out of the margins of blight-cankers4 ,these contain countless numbers of the blight bacteria which may swarm into the healthy tissues adjoining1 or be carried by any one of the great number of kinds of insects which visit trees at flowering time to the pear-blossoms1 to growing tips1 or to wounds in tender bark4 ,the pruner with his tools may be an unwilling agent in carrying the bacteria from tree to tree4 ,the organisms now multiply apace1 killing tissues wherever they find entrance and causing the several manifestations of the disease described under symptoms4 ,were it not that the bacteria are killed by sunlight and even brief periods of drying1 the life of the plants attacked would be the only limits of the disease unless checked by man4 ,theoretically1 pear-blight can be controlled4 ,practically1 pear-growers fail to control it4 ,control consists in orchard sanitation whereby the bacterium causing the disease is kept out of the orchard4 ,this proves all but impossible in the average orchard4 ,sometimes1 without doubt1 the virulency of the disease is lessened4 ,possibly1 if all the recommendations of plant pathologists could be put in practice1 pear-growers would more often succeed in keeping blight down1 but the necessary sanitary measures require such watchful care and so great an expense that few pear-growers can carry out the program for controlling this disease4 ,of those who have studied methods of control and have given advice on the subject1 ,hesler and ,whetzel#bd are as reliable as any and we quote herewith their recommendations3 ,in attempting to control fire-blight1 the following important points should be borne in mind3 7#a7 ,that the disease is caused by bacteria which gain entrance to the host tissues only through wounds1 or punctures by insects1 into succulent1 rapidly growing tissues1 or through the nectaries of the blossoms4 7#b7 ,that insects of several kinds are the usual agents of inoculation4 7#c7 ,that practically all pome fruit-growing sections in ,north ,america are infested1 and therefore there is always a source from which the bacteria may be disseminated4 7#d7 ,that all known varieties of the hosts1 on which the blight organism occurs1 are more or less susceptible2 while some show resistance1 none are wholly immune4 ,therefore control consists chiefly in the elimination of the pathogene from the infected trees4 ,this is accomplished by a strict application of the following operations3 7a7 ,inspect all pear trees in the autumn and again in the early spring before the blossoms open1 and cut out and treat all cankers in the body and main limbs4 ,with a sharp knife1 or draw-shave1 remove all the diseased tissue1 wash the wound with corrosive sublimate 7one tablet to one pint of water71 and1 when dry1 paint the wound with coal-tar or lead paint1 preferably the former4 ,the wound-dressing will need renewal every year or so4 7b7 ,throughout the summer1 beginning with the fall of blossoms1 make an inspection every few days of the young trees4 ,break out the blighted spurs and cut out diseased twigs1 making the cut at least six inches below the diseased portion4 ,disinfect the cuts with corrosive sublimate4 7c7 ,remove all watersprouts from the trees two or three times during the season4 7d7 ,in the nursery remove the blossom-buds1 particularly of the quinces4 ,here inspection must be frequent1 particularly in susceptible stock1 in order to keep the disease under control4 ,it is often necessary to inspect certain blocks daily1 the diseased twigs being cut out as soon as observed4 ,when budded stock of the first year becomes affected1 the trees should be dug out1 since cutting below the diseased area causes the trunk of the young tree to be crooked and therefore not marketable4 7e7 ,control the insects4 ,the real point of attack lies in this phase of the problem4 ,scab 7,venturia pyrina ,aderh471 after blight1 is the best-known and most prevalent disease of the pear in ,new ,york4 ,like blight1 it is found wherever pears are grown in ,north ,america1 and also wherever pears are grown in foreign countries4 ,it attacks the pear at all ages from the youngest to the oldest plant4 ,twigs1 leaves1 flowers1 and fruit suffer4 ,a closely related and very similar fungus attacks the apple and causes the apple-scab1 but the two fungi are not the same and do not spread from the one fruit to the other4 ,the name describes the disease at maturity so that all may know it4 ,black1 canker-like lesions spot the fruit1 leaf1 and twig4 ,these are most characteristic on the pear4 ,the scabs first appear on the fruit as olive-green velvety spots2 the young fruits may drop2 if they persist1 growth may cease1 the skin crack1 or the fruit be distorted2 the fruit-stalk is often shriveled4 ,the scab shows on the leaves much as on the fruit and usually attacks the lower surface4 ,on the twigs the scab is not so conspicuous1 but appears as a small round spot which may or may not slough off and be replaced by healthy bark4 ,young twigs are most often attacked1 in which case the scabby spots suggest scale insects4 ,pear-scab is caused by a fungus4 ,the chief life events of this fungus must be known to control the disease4 ,the organism passes the winter in leaves on the ground4 ,in the spring1 the spores which have matured in the spore-cases are forcibly discharged1 and1 being very light1 are carried hither and thither by the wind so that some of them reach the opening flower and leaf-buds4 ,if moisture and heat are sufficient1 the spores germinate1 and an infection is started4 ,a foothold secured1 the germ-tubes branch and form a dense mycelium--the velvety layer visible to the unaided eye4 ,from these masses of mycelium spore-stalks arise in great numbers bearing countless spores which by one agent and another are carried to other leaves1 twigs1 or blossoms for new infections4 ,new infections continue throughout the growing season4 ,the black scab spots on fruit and leaf are corky layers of tissue formed to heal the wounds made by the fungus which has ceased to grow vigorously in these scabs4 ,the fungus may pass the winter on the twigs as well as in fallen leaves4 ,different varieties resist the scab-fungus differently4 ,flemish ,beauty and ,summer ,doyenn are most susceptible and in seasons favorable to the fungus seldom present fruits with a clean cheek no matter how careful the treatment4 ,pruning off badly infected twigs and plowing under scabby leaves are good sanitary measures4 ,in ,new ,york1 two applications of lime and sulphur at the summer strength1 if applied annually1 are usually sufficient to control the fungus4 ,the first of these applications should be made when the blossoms show color1 a few days before they open4 ,the second should be put on when most of the petals have fallen4 ,in seasons favorable to the scab1 a third application two weeks after the second may be the means of saving the crop4 ,the spread of the disease is greatly favored by damp warm weather4 ,pear-growers are plagued by two leaf-spots1 one of which is also known as leaf-blight4 ,the leaf-spot here to be discussed 7,mycosphrella sentina 7,fr47 ,schroet47 is sometimes called the ashy leaf-spot4 ,the disease is not often seriously troublesome in ,new ,york1 but is capable of doing great damage in both the nursery and orchard4 ,the spots which give name to the disease are conspicuous enough1 but even when present in great numbers are often not seen by the pear-grower until there is a premature dropping of the leaves in ,august or earlier4 ,the trees often put out new growths1 with the result that the wood does not ripen and the tree is left in no condition to stand the cold of winter in this northern climate4 ,as with nearly all diseases of plants1 some varieties suffer more than others4 ,sheldon1 ,seckel1 and ,flemish ,beauty are more injured than ,kieffer1 ,lawrence1 and ,mount ,vernon4 ,nursery stock is more often injured the second than the first year set4 ,only the leaves suffer4 ,the fungus first shows its work in minute purplish spots on the upper surface of the leaf4 ,the mature spots measure about one-sixth of an inch in diameter1 are angular in shape1 with well-defined margins1 and have an outer zone of brownish-purple1 with a grayish center4 ,late in the season1 dots1 the spore-cases of the fungus1 appear in the gray central area4 ,the fungus passes the winter in diseased leaves which fall to the ground in late summer4 ,from these leaves spores are discharged into the air to be carried to the leaves after growth begins in the spring4 ,the disease is usually controlled by the sprays necessary every year to keep pear-scab in submission4 ,in the nursery1 two-year-old trees are sprayed just after the new leaves open and twice thereafter at two-week intervals4 ,one-year-olds seldom need to be sprayed4 ,leaf-blight 7,fabra maculata 7,lev47 ,atk47 is a common and destructive fungus in pear-nurseries in ,new ,york and is sometimes troublesome in orchards4 ,the quince suffers even more than the pear from this fungus4 ,in the nursery1 leaves and twigs are attacked1 and in the orchard the pears themselves sometimes suffer4 ,the disease appears in the spring as minute1 reddish-brown circular spots on the upper surface of the leaves1 but the fungus penetrates through to the lower surface as the disease progresses4 ,eventually the color changes to dark brown1 and later a coal-black1 raised spot appears in the center4 ,the spots sometimes run together4 ,young leaves shrivel under the attacks of the fungus2 while old ones1 if badly diseased1 turn yellow and drop prematurely4 ,twigs and leaf-stalks are frequently girdled1 and the lesions are more elongated4 ,the spots are similar on the fruits to those on the leaves4 ,the fungus spends the winter in fallen leaves4 ,in the spring the spores are discharged from the fruiting organs of the fungi and are carried to the tender leaf or twig of the pear or quince4 ,the parasite begins growth at once and in about a month a new crop of spores develop4 ,this fungus grows on various other pome-fruits which complicates remedial measures4 ,the treatment recommended for leaf-spot should control leaf-blight4 ,as are all tree-fruits in ,new ,york1 the pear is attacked by crown-gall 7,bacterium tumefaciens ,smith ,townsend74 ,this disease1 however1 is seldom a serious menace to orchard trees this far north1 but the vigor of nursery stock is sapped when the galls girdle the tap-root or the stem at the collar4 ,moreover1 trees affected by crown-gall are barred in most states by inspection laws so that nurserymen can ill afford to produce gall-infected trees4 ,it is a wise precaution not to plant badly diseased trees4 ,the galls are tumor-like structures on the roots of the plant1 or often at the juncture of root and stem4 ,they vary from the size of a pea to that of a large egg1 forming at maturity rough1 knotty1 dark-colored masses4 ,another form of the disease appears as a dense tangle of hair-like roots arising from callous-like galls4 ,this form passes under the name hairy root4 ,neither preventive nor cure is known4 ,orchard or nursery should not be planted on ground known to have been infected as the disease is highly contagious4 ,the brambles1 especially raspberries1 are common carriers of crown-gall1 and none of the brambles should be planted as inter-crops in pear-orchards4 ,brown-blotch 7,leptothyrium pomi 7,mont4 ,fr47 ,sacc4 var47 is another fungus which is sometimes troublesome4 ,the fungus causes reddish blotches on the fruit which coalesce into rusty-brown patches often covering the whole surface of the pear4 ,here1 again1 the ,kieffer suffers most although fruits of other varieties are often disfigured by the blotch4 ,the disease is most common on heavy soils and in densely shaded trees4 ,pruning to let in the sun is usually sufficient to keep the fungus in check1 but a late application of lime and sulphur is often necessary4 ,black mold 7,fumago vagans ,fr471 a fungus which grows in the honey-dew exuded by the nymphs of the pear-psylla1 sometimes causes a sooty covering of the pears which spoils their sale4 ,twigs and leaves are also covered with thin superficial growth of the fungus somewhat to the detriment of growth4 ,the remedy is obvious--control the psylla4 ,pink-rot 7,cephalothecium roseum ,cda47 sometimes does much damage to pears in common or cold storage4 ,the fungus seems able to enter the skin of pears only through injuries1 and when reasonable care is used in handling the fruit the rot does little damage4 ,not infrequently it is found on fruits unpicked1 having entered the skin through ruptures made by pear-scab1 black-spot1 or other fungi4 ,this1 of course1 seldom happens in well-sprayed orchards4 ,,insects ,,attacking ,,the ,,pear ,several insect pests are very destructive to pear-trees1 as many more are often troublesome1 while perhaps in addition to the dozen that must always or occasionally be combatted some thirty or forty more have been listed as pear-pests4 ,young pear-trees are very susceptible to injuries of any kind and if beset by any of the common insect pests do not prosper4 ,as the trees come to maturity1 life and vigor of the tree may not be endangered by any but two or three of the worst pests1 but the crop is always cut short by infestations of insects on any part of the plant which interferes with the normal life of the tree4 ,the pests most destructive to the pear in ,new ,york1 about in order of importance1 are ,san ,jose scale1 psylla1 codling-moth1 pear-slug1 and pear-leaf blister-mite4 ,san ,jose scale 7,aspidiotus perniciosus ,comstock7 is particularly harmful to tree and fruit of the pear4 ,the pears1 possibly1 are malformed more and show the scales with their discoloration more plainly than the product of any other fruit-tree4 ,a scale-infested pear-tree is easily recognized4 ,dead and dying twigs or branches and moribund trees are evidences of the dreaded pest4 ,examination shows the moribund parts to be covered with myriads of minute scales which give the infected bark a scurfy1 ashy look4 ,a reddish discoloration is discovered if the bark be cut or scraped4 ,a foothold gained on trunk or branch1 fruit and foliage are soon infected4 ,reproduction is continuous throughout the summer1 and the scales increase by leaps and bounds4 ,smooth-barked young trees succumb within three or four years if the insects are unchecked2 the rougher-barked old trees survive the pest indefinitely1 although the vigor is lessened to the point of unproductiveness in many old orchards4 ,pear-growers find the lime-sulphur solution applied in the dormant season the most effective spray in combating ,san ,jose scale4 ,several insect enemies of the scale help to keep the pest down4 ,a quarter-century ago1 it was feared that the pear industry of the ,state might be ruined by ,san ,jose scale1 but no energetic fruit-grower now fears the pest4 ,next to ,san ,jose scale1 psylla is the most feared pest of the pear in ,new ,york4 ,indeed1 this insect is much more difficult to combat successfully than scale1 and were it as wide-spread1 the pear industry in ,new ,york would be hard hit4 ,the psylla is a minute1 sucking insect1 wingless in its immature stages1 but winged and very active as an adult4 ,they are nearly related to plant-lice1 and like them suck the juices of the buds and new leaves4 ,like plant-lice also they reproduce very rapidly4 ,the immature insects secrete a sticky honey-dew which becomes blackened with a fungus1 and the presence of this blackish1 sticky substance on foliage and branches is usually the first indication of the pest4 ,the adult is about one-tenth inch long1 with four membranous wings1 the body dark in color and showing brownish-black markings4 ,seen through a hand lens1 the mature insects look like tiny cicadas4 ,the adults hibernate in crevices of the bark1 and at the time buds are swelling in the spring come out to lay their eggs4 ,the eggs hatch in two or three weeks1 and there may be four or five broods in a season4 ,the pest is best controlled by spraying with such contact insecticides as tobacco extract both to kill the hibernating insects and later the immature psylla4 ,the winter strength of lime-sulphur solution will kill the eggs4 ,the apple-worm1 the larva of the codling moth 7,carpocapsa pomonella ,linnaeus71 destroys great quantities of pears year in and year out in ,new ,york1 causing greater monetary loss to pear-growers than any other insect pest4 ,the worm and its work scarcely need description--all know wormy apples and pears and the agent of the mischief4 ,a pinkish-white1 fleshy worm eats a cavity within the pear1 usually through and around the core1 and then eats its way out to the surface1 after which it finds suitable shelter in a crevice of the bark and spins its cocoon4 ,about the time apples blossom the larvae transform into small brown pupae1 from which small moths emerge in two or three weeks4 ,the moths are coppery-brown1 small1 with a wing expanse of about three-quarters inch1 and very inconspicuous as they rest during the day on the bark of the pear-tree which they closely resemble2 they fly only at dusk4 ,the moth lays its eggs on leaves or the fruit itself and the young larvae immediately begin work on the nearest pear4 ,control consists in spraying with arsenate of lead4 ,two and sometimes three sprayings are necessary4 ,the most important spraying is made just after the blossoms fall1 while the calyx-cup is still open1 so that the poison will lodge in the blossom-end of the upturned pear4 ,codling moth was once a most serious pest of the pear1 but is now easily kept under control by seasonal applications of arsenate of lead4 ,the pear-slug 7,caliroa cerasi ,linnaeus71 a generation ago1 before spraying was common1 did much damage to the pear in ,new ,york1 but is now a negligible pest except in the orchards of the indifferent or slothful since it is easily controlled by spraying4 ,the slugs are small1 dark green shiny creatures which eat the surface of the leaves of pear1 cherry1 and plum4 ,they devour the upper surface of the leaf leaving the veins and the tissues of the lower surface1 which turn brown so that the infested tree has the aspect of having been scorched by fire4 ,the slugs molt and finally lose their shiny coat and dirty green color1 the full-grown larvae becoming clear yellow4 ,the adult is one of the numerous saw-flys4 ,eggs are laid within the tissues of the leaves4 ,there are two or three generations in a season4 ,the slugs are most common in the hottest part of the summer or late in the summer4 ,this pest is easily kept in check by applications of arsenate of lead4 ,the foliage of the pear1 in common with that of the apple1 is often seriously injured by a mite 7,eriophyes pyri ,pgst47 which burrows into the tissues of the leaves4 ,the mites attack the young leaves causing reddish blisters which turn black4 ,the blisters are thickened spots which are found to have a corky texture4 ,the young fruits are sometimes attacked1 in which case they are badly malformed4 ,the mites are of microscopic size and can be seen only by the aid of a magnifying glass4 ,they hibernate under the scales of the leaf-buds1 and are thus ready to attack the young leaves as soon as they unfold1 which they do by eating their way in from the under side and then by their work cause the characteristic swellings4 ,as they mature1 the mites come out and move to new places and start more colonies4 ,in the autumn1 they find their way to the maturing buds and go into winter quarters4 ,an application of lime-sulphur solution at winter strength usually disposes of the mites2 that put on for ,san ,jose scale suffices for this pest also4 ,summer sprays do not reach the mites as they are then hidden within the leaves4 ,the pest was once a serious menace to the pear1 but with the advent of winter spraying has become of small importance4 ,of the numerous other insects which occasionally become serious pests of the pear1 at least twenty have been troublesome at one time or another in ,new ,york4 ,space does not permit a description of these minor pests--they are named as a matter of record4 ,it is not necessary to give remedies for them1 as all are controlled by the treatment of major pests which in most orchards need annual applications of one spray or another4 ,several scale insects1 other than ,san ,jose scale1 are more or less pestiferous in the pear-orchards of this ,state2 commonest of these is the oyster-shell1 which not infrequently does serious damage to young and unhealthy trees4 ,the scurfy scale found chiefly on the apple sometimes becomes a pest on the pear4 ,a hemispherical scale1 about one-twelfth of an inch in length1 known as the terrapin scale1 now and then infests the pear1 but is seldom if ever harmful4 ,as a rule1 the treatment for ,san ,jose scale keeps all other scales in check1 but all are more difficult to kill than the ,san ,jose and in cases of troublesome infestations may require drastic treatment with a contact insecticide4 ,a great number of chewing insects1 as distinguished from sucking insects1 defoliate the pear when given an opportunity1 but are kept in check by the treatment for codling moth4 ,the much-dreaded browntail moth and gypsy moth now have a foothold in the ,state1 but as yet can hardly be called pests although their advent threatens the pear industry as it does all other orchard industries4 ,the bud-moth1 seldom seen in well-cared-for orchards1 is sometimes a vexatious visitor in pear-orchards4 ,three species of caterpillars1 all most striking in appearance1 the larval stages of tussock moths1 infest pear-trees4 ,these are the white-marked tussock moth1 the rusty tussock moth1 and the definite-marked tussock moth4 ,the pear-tree has its share of borers4 ,a small1 dark brown beetle1 about one-third of an inch in length1 the apple twig-borer1 sometimes does considerable damage to young shoots of the pear4 ,the flat-headed apple-tree borer works in the sap wood of the pear as in the apple4 ,the shot-hole borer1 a tiny insect1 eats a small round hole in the trunk of the pear1 as it does also in several fruits1 but does little damage except in devitalized trees4 ,the shot-borer1 a tiny black beetle1 one-tenth of an inch long1 bores into twigs or small branches and sooner or later causes their death4 ,none of these borers are very harmful on the pear in ,new ,york1 but all must be reckoned with occasionally4 ,all are difficult to control4 ,the pear thrips attack the newly opening flower- and leaf-buds and when the insect1 a small winged creature with sucking mouth-parts1 is abundant much damage is done4 ,this pest in ,new ,york is chiefly confined to the ,hudson ,river ,valley4 ,the ,european grain aphis1 closely related to the destructive apple aphis1 is sometimes a serious pest on pears4 ,both of these pests are comparatively easily controlled by timely applications of contact insecticides4 ,lastly1 there are several chewing insects which feed on the leaves of the pear1 which1 unless checked1 sometimes become major pests for a season or two in an orchard here and there4 ,all of them1 fortunately1 are controlled by the arsenical poisons which are necessary to keep the codling moth down4 ,the pests are3 ,cigar case-bearer1 green fruit worm1 pistol case-bearer1 and oblique-banded leaf-roller4 ,with these1 as with most of the other pests of the pear1 cultivation to keep down all foreign vegetation1 and orchard sanitation1 consisting chiefly of the destruction of infested fruit1 foliage1 or wood1 are essential preventives4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,leading ,,varieties ,,of ,,pears ,,andr ,,desportes #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3abg1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3ea1 fig4 #abb4 #ahgh4 #c4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ach1 fig4 #aijf4 ,this old ,french sort is sparingly grown in ,new ,york1 and is still listed by a few ,american nurserymen4 ,the pears are handsome and very good in quality1 but they quickly soften at the center and neither keep nor ship well4 ,while usually of medium size1 or sometimes large1 the pears often run small4 ,the variety is well worth planting in a collection1 but has no value in a commercial plantation1 and there are many better sorts for home orchards4 ,illustration3 ,,andr ,,desportes ,the parent tree of this variety grew in the seed beds of ,m4 ,andr ,leroy1 the well-known authority on pomology1 at ,angers1 ,france4 ,m4 ,leroy obtained it in #ahed from pips of ,williams' ,bon ,chrtien1 or as it is better known here1 the ,bartlett pear4 ,he named it after the son of ,m4 ,baptiste ,desportes1 manager of the business department of his establishment4 ,the vigor and high quality of the fruit were quickly appreciated1 and the variety was soon disseminated far and wide4 ,tree characteristically upright and vigorous1 rapid-growing1 hardy1 productive2 branches slender1 smooth1 light brown overlaid with thin1 grayish scarf-skin1 marked with small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 with short internodes1 reddish-brown1 slightly streaked toward the tips with ash-gray scarf-skin1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous1 with numerous small1 but very conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 pointed1 plump1 appressed4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-e_/h in4 wide1 ovate1 stiff1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandular1 slightly crenate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds or on short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 occasionally tinged pink1 in dense clusters1 averaging #i flowers per cluster2 pedicels #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in ,august2 medium in size1 #b-g_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical1 uniform2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 dotted with russet1 often lipped2 calyx small1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed1 symmetrical2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth2 color dull greenish-yellow1 dotted and marbled with reddish-brown1 blushed on the sunny side2 dots numerous1 small1 light colored1 obscure2 flesh tinged with yellow1 fine1 tender and melting1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds small1 wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,ansault ,,ansault #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahhc4 #b4 ,can4 ,hort4 #bd3ded1 fig4 #bafi4 #aija4 ,bonne du ,puits-,ansault4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dhf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ast ,app4 #abc1 fig4 #ahgb4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cd4 #ahgg4 ,well grown1 the fruits of ,ansault rival those of ,seckel in quality4 ,in particular1 the flesh is notable1 and is described by the term buttery1 so common in pear parlance1 rather better than that of any other pear4 ,the rich sweet flavor1 and distinct but delicate perfume contribute to make the fruits of highest quality4 ,unfortunately1 the pears are not very attractive in appearance4 ,they are small1 and the green coat1 nearly covered with russet dots and markings1 is dull1 though enlivened somewhat at full maturity by a rich yellow4 ,the tree in good pear soils is vigorous1 productive1 bears annually1 and is not more subject to blight than that of the average variety4 ,while not at all suitable for commercial orchards1 ,ansault should find a place in every collection of pears for home use4 ,the pear ,bonne du ,puits-,ansault was raised from seed in the nurseries of ,m4 ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,france4 ,the parent tree bore fruit in #ahfc1 and ,m4 ,leroy states that the name which it bears is that of the enclosure where it was first raised4 ,it was propagated in #ahfe4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society first listed this variety in its catalog in #ahgg1 and in #ahhc shortened the name to its present form4 ,tree large1 upright-spreading1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk stocky1 shaggy2 branches thick1 dull brownish-red1 tinged with green and heavily covered with greenish scarf-skin1 with numerous raised lenticels2 branchlets long1 reddish-brown1 with traces of gray scarf-skin1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few inconspicuous1 small1 slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds plump1 pointed1 nearly free4 ,leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves numerous1 #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 ovate or broadly oval1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin finely serrate1 with small1 reddish1 sharp-pointed glands2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 slender1 glabrous4 ,fruit-buds large1 conical1 plump1 free2 flowers #a-a_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #g to #i flowers in a cluster2 pedicels #e_/h in4 long1 thick1 greenish1 lightly pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,september and early ,october2 medium in size1 #b-c_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 uniform1 obtuse-obovate-pyriform1 irregular2 stem #e_/h in4 long1 short1 thick2 cavity obtuse1 russeted1 furrowed1 ribbed2 calyx partly open1 large2 lobes acute2 basin somewhat abrupt1 furrowed and wrinkled2 skin roughened with russet markings and dots2 color pale yellow1 considerably russeted about the basin and cavity with russet dots1 with scattered flecks and patches of russet2 dots numerous1 small1 russet2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular at the center1 melting and tender1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality good to very good4 ,core closed1 axile1 the core-lines clasping2 calyx-tube long1 narrow1 funnel-shaped2 seeds rather short1 plump1 obtuse4 ,illustration3 ,,bartlett ,,bartlett #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ccd1 fig4 #acd4 #ahde4 #b4 ,horticulturist #b3afi4 #ahdg-dh4 #c4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #bi4 #ahdh4 #d4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3aa1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #e4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #c3cej1 ,pl4 #ahec4 #f4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #aij1 #bgf1 fig4 #ff4 #aheh4 #g4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fff1 fig4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #adh1 fig4 #aiad4 ,williams' ,bon ,chrtien4 #i4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cej4 #ahca4 #aj4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3acg4 #ahca4 #aa4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffd4 #ahhd4 ,williams' ,apothekerbirne4 #ab4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aha4 #ahef4 ,bon ,chrtien ,williams'4 #ac4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #af1 ,pl4 #af4 #ahfc4 #ad4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bc1 fig4 #aj4 #ahff-gc4 ,williams4 #ae4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3geh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,williams ,christbirne4 #af4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #ah1 ,pl4 #ah4 #ahhb4 #ag4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bih4 #ahhi4 ,bartlett leads all other pears in number of trees in ,new ,york1 and vies with ,kieffer for the greatest number in ,america4 ,its fruits are more common and more popular in ,american markets than those of any other pear4 ,when the characters of the variety are passed in review1 although several poor ones of fruit and tree appear1 the popularity of ,bartlett with growers and sellers1 if not with consumers1 seems justified4 ,as with the leading variety of any fruit1 the preminently meritorious character of this one is its great adaptability to different climates1 soils1 and situations4 ,thus1 ,bartlett is grown with profit in every pear-growing region in ,america and in all is grown in greater quantities than any other sort excepting1 perhaps1 the notorious ,kieffer4 ,another character which commends this variety to pear-growers is fruitfulness--barring frosts or freezes1 the trees bear full crops year after year4 ,moreover1 the trees are very vigorous1 attain large size1 bear young1 live long1 are easily managed in the orchard1 and thrive on both standard and quince stocks4 ,the pears are large1 handsome1 of good but not of the best quality1 and keep and ship remarkably well4 ,bartlett is not without serious faults1 however4 ,the trees blight badly1 and are not much above the average in resistance to blight1 the black plague of the pear4 ,neither are they as hardy to cold or to heat as those of some other varieties4 ,they are scarcely hardier to cold than those of the peach1 and cannot withstand the summer heat of the southern1 or of the ,mississippi ,valley states4 ,another serious defect of the trees is that1 more than those of any other standard variety1 their blossoms require cross-fertilization4 ,the fruits are satisfactory in all characters excepting quality4 ,there are many better-flavored pears4 ,the fruits lack the rich1 perfumed flavor of ,seckel on one hand1 and the piquant1 vinous taste of ,winter ,nelis on the other4 ,but the pears are much above the average in quality1 and since no other variety is so easily grown1 nor so reliable in the markets1 ,bartlett promises long to continue its supremacy for home and commercial plantations4 ,after ,kieffer1 it is the most desired of all pears by the canning trade4 ,bartlett is the parent of several other well-known varieties1 and of many sorts of small importance4 ,this pear was found as a wilding by a ,mr4 ,stair1 a schoolmaster at ,aldermaston1 ,berkshire1 ,england4 ,from him it was acquired by a ,mr4 ,williams1 a nurseryman at ,turnham ,green1 ,middlesex1 and as it was propagated and distributed by him it became known by his name1 although it is still known as ,stair's pear at ,aldermaston4 ,it was brought to this country in #agig or #agii by ,james ,carter of ,boston for ,thomas ,brewer who planted the variety in his grounds at ,roxbury1 ,massachusetts1 under the name of ,williams' ,bon ,chrtien1 by which name it was then and still is known both in ,england and ,france4 ,in #ahag ,enoch ,bartlett1 ,dorchester1 ,massachusetts1 became possessed of the ,brewer estate1 and not knowing its true name allowed the pear to go out under his own4 ,henceforth it was known in ,america as ,bartlett4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added this variety to its catalog-list of fruits in #ahdh4 ,tree medium in size1 tall1 pyriform1 upright1 hardy1 very productive2 branches stocky1 smooth1 reddish-brown overlaid with ash-gray scarf-skin1 with few lenticels2 branchlets short1 with short internodes1 reddish-brown1 glossy1 smooth1 glabrous1 with conspicuous lenticles4 ,leaf-buds short1 obtuse1 pointed1 mostly free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-b_/e in4 wide1 oval1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin tipped with small dark red glands1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 conical1 pointed1 free2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters averaging #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long1 slender1 slightly pubescent4 ,fruit matures in ,september2 large1 #c-c_/h in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 tapering toward the apex1 symmetrical1 uniform2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long1 often curved1 thick2 cavity small1 usually lipped1 with thin1 overspreading streaks of light russet1 acute1 shallow2 calyx partly open2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acute2 basin very shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 furrowed and wrinkled2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth1 often dull1 the surface somewhat uneven2 color clear yellow1 with a faint blush on the exposed cheek1 more or less dotted with russet and often thinly russeted around the basin2 dots many1 small1 conspicuous1 greenish-russet2 flesh fine-grained although slightly granular at the center1 melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 vinous1 aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 wide1 funnel-shaped2 seeds wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,belle ,,lucrative ,,belle ,,lucrative #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cfd4 #ahca4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ace4 #ahda4 #c4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3da1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #aheb4 #e4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #aid1 fig4 #fh4 #aheh4 ,fondante d',automne4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #chg1 fig4 #afh4 #ahde4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egh4 #ahhd4 ,seigneur4 #h4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3e1 ,pl4 #ahei4 #i4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #bh1 ,pl4 #bh4 #ahfc4 #aj4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #ba1 fig4 #i4 #ahff-gc4 ,bergamote ,lucrative4 #aa4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bdg1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,seigneur d',espren4 #ab4 ,guide ,prat4 #ei1 #cjc4 #ahgf4 ,esperen's ,herrenbirne4 #ac4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bab4 #ahhi4 #ad4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #cg1 ,pl4 #he4 #ahid4 ,lucrative4 #ae4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahhi4 ,this good old pear has been a standard autumn sort for nearly a century4 ,the internal characters of both flesh and flavor are nearly perfect1 but externally much more might be desired as to shape and size4 ,in flesh and flavor1 the fruits are of the ,bergamot type--fine-grained1 buttery1 juicy1 and sugary1 with a musky taste and perfume4 ,the fruits are not as large as is desirable1 and are variable in shape and color1 external defects which a rather handsome color offsets in part4 ,the trees are more satisfactory than the fruits4 ,they bear enormously and almost annually on either standard or dwarfing stocks2 they are very vigorous1 with a somewhat distinct upright-spreading habit of growth2 are hardier than the average variety of this fruit2 and are rather more resistant to blight than the average variety4 ,the fruits are too small for a good commercial product1 but their delectable flavor and luscious flesh make them as desirable as any other pear for home use2 besides which the trees grow so well1 and are so easily managed that the variety becomes one of the very best for the home planter4 ,belle ,lucrative is of ,flemish origin4 ,in #ahca it was growing in the ,london ,horticultural ,society's gardens at ,chiswick1 and was then described by ,lindley as another of the new ,flemish pears4 ,it had been taken to ,england by a ,mr4 ,braddick who received the cions from ,m4 ,stoffels of ,mechlin4 ,by some writers it is considered probable that it originated with ,m4 ,stoffels1 but the leading ,belgian and ,french writers say that it was raised by ,major ,espren1 also of ,mechlin1 about #ahbg4 ,in this country it first fruited in the ,pomological ,garden of ,robert ,manning1 ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 in #ahce or #ahcf4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added the variety to its fruit catalog-list in #aheb under the name ,belle ,lucrative4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense-topped1 rapid-growing1 hardy1 productive2 branches smooth1 grayish-brown mingled with red1 covered with scarf-skin1 with numerous elongated lenticels2 branchlets slender1 short1 light brown1 glossy1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 appressed4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 stiff2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin finely serrate1 tipped with very small1 sharp glands2 petiole #b in4 long4 ,flower-buds conical1 pointed1 plump1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers with an unpleasant odor1 showy1 #a-a_/b in4 across1 average #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/af in4 long1 thick1 thinly pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,september and ,october2 medium in size1 #b-c_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 obovate1 conical1 with sides unequal2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long2 cavity very shallow and narrow1 or lacking1 the flesh drawn up about the base of the stem2 calyx open1 large2 lobes long1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 smooth2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth2 color dull greenish-yellow1 thickly sprinkled with small1 russet dots1 often overspread with russet around the basin2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 firm1 fine-grained1 crisp1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet2 quality very good4 ,core closed1 abaxile2 calyx-tube long1 narrow1 funnel-shaped2 seeds narrow1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,beurr ,d',,anjou ,,beurr ,d',,anjou #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #acf4 #ahda4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cfj4 #ahde4 #c4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3fa1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #aheb4 #e4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #e3a1 ,pl4 #ahff4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgi1 fig4 #ahfi4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eaj4 #ahhd4 ,anjou4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahhc4 ,winter ,meuris4 #i4 ,lucas ,tafelbirnen #aga1 fig4 #ahid4 ,nec plus ,meuris4 #aj4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cba1 fig4 #bad4 #aijh4 #aa4 ,guide ,prat4 #di1 #bhb4 #ahie4 ,beurr d',anjou is a standard market pear for late fall and early winter1 its season lasting until well into ,january even in common storage4 ,as an early winter pear1 it has no superior and few equals in appearance and quality of fruit4 ,in appearance1 the pear is of distinct type--large1 very uniform1 the sides slightly unequal1 smooth of skin1 yellow1 marked and dotted with russet1 faintly blushed1 and borne on a very short1 thick stem4 ,a fruit of this variety can never be mistaken for that of another4 ,the internal characters are scarcely less notable than the external ones4 ,the yellowish-white flesh is firm but tender1 slightly granular1 very juicy1 sweet1 spicy1 with a rich1 vinous flavor4 ,uniformity of shape and the smooth skin are marked and constant characters4 ,in common with all varieties1 the fruits of this pear are not always up to their best1 but they are never poor in quality4 ,the trees are vigorous1 hardy1 fairly free from blight1 grow rapidly and come in bearing early1 but have the serious fault of being uncertain croppers4 ,in ,europe and ,america1 the trees thrive on the quince1 and the variety is rated by all as a splendid one for dwarfing4 ,of all winter pears1 none is more valuable for commercial or home orchards than ,beurr d',anjou4 ,in particular1 it is recommended for ,new ,york1 where1 possibly1 it is more at home than in any other part of ,america4 ,beurr d',anjou is an old ,french pear the origin of which is obscure1 although it is supposed to have originated in the vicinity of ,angers4 ,early in the nineteenth century it was introduced into ,england by ,thomas ,rivers1 noted author and pomologist4 ,the variety was introduced into this country by ,colonel ,wilder#be of ,boston about #ahdb1 and first fruited with him in #ahde4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,beurr d',anjou to its list of fruits recommended for general cultivation in #aheb4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 spreading1 hardy1 an uncertain bearer2 trunk smooth2 branches slightly zigzag1 covered with gray scarf-skin over reddish-brown1 with few small lenticels2 branchlets long1 with long internodes1 reddish-brown tinged with green1 smooth1 glabrous1 with many conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 obtuse1 nearly free4 ,leaves #c-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 elongated-oval1 thin1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin nearly entire or crenate2 petiole #b in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical1 plump1 free2 flowers #a-c_/h in4 across1 showy1 in dense clusters1 from #h to #ab buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a_/b in4 long1 very thick1 pubescent1 green4 ,fruit ripe ,november to early ,january2 large1 #c-a_/b in4 long1 #c in4 wide1 uniform in size1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 with surface irregular in outline1 sides slightly unequal1 uniform in shape2 stem #a_/b in4 long1 short1 very thick and woody2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 russeted and furrowed1 usually lipped2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 smooth1 symmetrical and regular2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth1 dull2 color yellow1 clouded with russet around the basin and occasionally with very fine russet lines and markings2 dots many1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 but slightly granular1 tender1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet and spicy1 with a rich1 aromatic flavor2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed2 core-lines clasping2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acuminate1 tufted at the tips4 ,,beurr ,d',,arenberg#bf #a4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #e3djf4 #ahbd4 #b4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cib4 #ahca4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3ea4 #ahca4 #d4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ahh4 #ahcb4 #e4 ,ibid4 #aef4 #ahda4 #f4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #gaf1 fig4 #b4 #ahdd4 #g4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dbc1 fig4 #aie4 #ahde4 #h4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #ea4 #ahdh4 #i4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3a1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #aj4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ic1 ,pl4 #aheb4 #aa4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3afa1 fig4 #gi4 #ahff-gc4 #ab4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eaj4 #ahhd4 ,orpheline d',enghien4 #ac4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3ce1 ,pl4 #ahee4 #ad4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh1 #bib4 #ahgf4 ,in favorable locations this pear seems to possess all of the characters which constitute a first-class fruit2 but1 notwithstanding1 although it has been in the country nearly a century1 it is now scarcely to be found in the nurseries1 and orchard trees are becoming rare4 ,the fruits are distinguished by their refreshing1 vinous taste and long-keeping qualities4 ,very often1 however1 they do not ripen in eastern ,america1 and when not properly ripened the pears are highly acidulous and so astringent as to be almost intolerable to the taste4 ,the frequency with which these poor fruits are borne1 always on heavy1 cold clays and in cold climates1 coupled with rather small1 short-lived trees1 condemn the variety for most pear regions in the ,east4 ,in the far ,west1 the crop ripens better1 and the pears are splendid winter fruits4 ,the merits of the variety are so varying in ,new ,york that it is not now worth while attempting to bring it into new life4 ,beurr d',arenberg1 in the opinion of some ,european writers1 holds first place among the pears produced by ,french and ,belgian pomologists4 ,unfortunately1 ,beurr d',arenberg and ,glou ,morceau are often mistaken the one for the other4 ,beurr d',arenberg was raised by ,monseigneur ,deschamps1 ,abb of the ,orphan ,hospital1 ,enghien1 ,belgium4 ,at about the same time1 ,m4 ,noisette1 a nurseryman of ,paris1 sent out ,glou ,morceau1 which he had procured from the gardens of the ,duc d',arenberg1 under the name ,beurr d',arenberg1 so that there were two distinct varieties in cultivation under the same name4 ,the true ,beurr d',arenberg of the ,abb ,deschamps came to this country about #ahbg1 having been sent over by ,thomas ,andrew ,knight1 ,president of the ,london ,horticultural ,society1 to the ,hon4 ,john ,lowell of ,boston4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society recommended this variety for cultivation in #ahdh1 but in #ahga the name disappeared from the ,society's catalog4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 upright1 very hardy and very productive2 trunk and branches medium in thickness and smoothness2 branchlets slender1 short1 light brown mingled with green1 smooth1 glabrous1 with numerous1 small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars with prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #c in4 long2 #a-c_/h in4 wide2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandless1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-g_/h in4 long4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 sharply pointed1 free1 singly on short spurs4 ,fruit ripe ,december to ,january2 large1 obovate-pyriform1 ribbed2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 fleshy at the base1 obliquely inserted2 cavity lacking1 drawn up in an oblique lip about the stem2 calyx small1 closed2 lobes short1 sometimes lacking2 basin deep1 smooth2 skin roughish1 thick1 uneven2 color yellow1 with patches and tracings of russet especially around the calyx end2 dots numerous1 cinnamon-russet2 flesh white1 very juicy1 melting1 vinous or acidulous2 quality very good4 ,core large2 seeds large1 roundish1 plump4 ,illustration3 ,,beurr ,,bosc ,,beurr ,,bosc #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #afa4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ceh1 fig4 #aeb4 #ahde4 #c4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,cong4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #bi1 #ea4 #ahdh4 #d4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3fe1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #e4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3gi1 ,pl4 #aheg4 #f4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cbj1 fig4 #ahfg4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ead4 #ahhd4 ,bosc's ,butterbirne4 #h4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ajj4 #ahef4 ,beurr d',apremont4 #i4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #bf1 ,pl4 #bf4 #ahfc4 #aj4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #b1 #fe1 fig4 #abi4 #ahff-gc4 #aa4 ,guide ,prat4 #dh1 #bcj4 #ahie4 ,bosc4 #ab4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahhc4 ,bosc's ,flaschenbirne4 #ac4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #ge1 ,pl4 #ge4 #ahhc4 #ad4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ahh4 #ahhi4 #ae4 ,deut4 ,obstsorten #b3 ,pt4 #e1 ,pl4 #aijf4 ,the fruits of ,beurr ,bosc merit unqualified praise4 ,they are nearly flawless in every character4 ,the pears at once receive approbation from all who see them by virtue of their uniquely beautiful color and shape1 in which characters they are wholly unlike any other pear4 ,the shape is pyriform1 with a very long1 tapering neck1 perfectly symmetrical and unequalled in trimness of contour4 ,the color is a dark rich yellow overspread with cinnamon-russet1 with here and there a spot of the yellow ground color visible4 ,the quality is rated by all as very good or best2 the ,seckel alone surpasses it as a dessert fruit in the estimation of most pear fanciers4 ,the flesh1 while slightly granular1 is tender and melting or almost buttery1 very juicy1 with a rich piquant flavor and a pleasing aroma4 ,the fruits seldom crack1 scab1 or mildew4 ,the characters of the tree fall far short of those of the fruits4 ,nurserymen complain that it is difficult to propagate the trees as they make a poor growth in the nursery and come to transplanting age with a root system of two or three prongs almost devoid of fibrous roots4 ,the trees must be humored in soil and climate1 and under favorable conditions make but moderate growth as young plants4 ,established trees in suitable soils1 however1 surpass most of their neighbors in size and luxuriance of foliage4 ,very old trees have a nobility of aspect possessed by few other pears4 ,while slow in coming in bearing1 after fruiting begins the trees bear regularly and abundantly4 ,the variety does not succeed well on the quince unless double-worked4 ,unfortunately1 the trees are tender to cold and somewhat too susceptible to blight4 ,beurr ,bosc has long been a favorite in the pear regions of ,europe and ,america1 and its culture in this country may be recommended for the home1 for local and general markets1 and for exportation4 ,this pear is a native of ,belgium1 having been raised from seed in #ahjg by ,dr4 ,van ,mons1 the renowned pomologist of ,louvain1 and was in the first instance named by him ,calebasse ,bosc in honor of ,m4 ,bosc1 a distinguished ,french naturalist4 ,in #ahbj1 it was received at the garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london under the name ,beurr ,bosc1 and ,robert ,thompson1 at that time ,director of the gardens1 thought it best to retain this name4 ,the variety was early introduced into ,france4 ,about #ahcb or #ahcc1 ,robert ,manning and ,william ,kenrick received cions in the ,united ,states from ,van ,mons and from the ,london ,horticultural ,society4 ,the variety was cataloged by the ,american ,pomological ,society at its first meeting in #ahdh4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 hardy1 productive1 not an early bearer2 trunk stocky2 branches smooth1 brownish1 covered with ash-gray scarf-skin1 with large lenticels2 branchlets brownish1 tinged with gray1 glossy1 smooth1 nearly glabrous1 with slightly raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds obtuse1 pointed1 appressed2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-g_/h in4 wide1 ovate1 thick1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely crenate2 petiole #a-a_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 conical1 pointed1 free2 flowers open early1 #a-a_/b in4 across1 showy1 in dense clusters1 from #aj to #bj buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 slightly pubescent1 light green4 ,fruit ripe in late ,october and ,november2 large1 #c-c_/h in4 long1 #b-c_/d in4 wide1 uniform in size1 acute-obovate-pyriform1 with a very long1 tapering neck1 uniform in shape and very symmetrical2 stem #a-a_/b in4 long1 curved2 cavity very obtuse or lacking1 occasionally very shallow and narrow1 wrinkled1 russeted1 with a fleshy ring folded up around the stem1 slightly lipped2 calyx open1 small2 lobes short1 broad1 obtuse2 basin very shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 smooth1 symmetrical2 skin slightly granular1 tender1 roughened by russet1 dull2 color dark yellow1 overspread with thick1 dark russet1 laid on in streaks and patches1 with a cheek of solid russet2 dots small1 light russet1 obscure2 flesh yellowish-white1 slightly granular1 tender and melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 with a rich1 delicious1 aromatic flavor2 quality very good to best4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds wide1 short1 plump1 obtuse4 ,illustration3 ,,beurr ,,clairgeau ,,beurr ,,clairgeau #a4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3gc1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3ajc1 ,pl4 #ahed4 #c4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #hje4 #ahed4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccg4 #ahfj4 #e4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #aa1 ,pl4 #aa4 #ahfc4 #f4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3ci1 fig4 #bf4 #ahff-gc4 #g4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ab3baa4 #ahfg4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cce1 fig4 #ahfg4 #i4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgh4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #abga4 #ahgc4 #aa4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eag4 #ahhd4 ,clairgeau's ,butterbirne4 #ab4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3abg4 #ahef4 #ac4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #g1 ,pl4 #g4 #ahhb4 #ad4 ,deut4 ,obstsorten #c3 ,pt4 #i1 ,pl4 #aijg4 ,clairgeau4 #ae4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahhc4 ,beurr ,clairgeau is one of the mainstays in ,american pear-growing1 and is an especially valuable variety in ,new ,york4 ,it maintains its place among standard varieties chiefly because of splendid tree-characters1 as the fruits1 while handsome1 are not of the best quality4 ,the tree is second only to that of ,buffum in vigor1 health1 and productiveness1 and is nearly as handsome as an ornamental4 ,it does equally well on quince or pear stock1 although the ,europeans maintain that the product is better on the dwarfing stock4 ,on either stock1 the trees bear young and annually4 ,the fruits are large1 smooth1 symmetrical1 and uniform in shape1 with a handsome ground color of rich yellow at maturity and a bright crimson cheek4 ,but here praises end1 for the deceptive cheek of the ,clairgeau is proverbial in pear-growing1 the handsome coat covering rather coarse1 granular flesh which is sometimes very good but more often commonplace4 ,the core is very large1 and the flesh surrounding it often rots or softens prematurely4 ,the fruit is more suitable for cookery than dessert4 ,the pears are heavy and often drop before maturity1 and the trees should not be set in wind-swept situations4 ,despite these demerits of the fruits1 the variety is well worth planting in commercial orchards for late markets4 ,the original tree of ,beurr ,clairgeau appears to have grown by chance about #ahcj with ,pierre ,clairgeau1 ,nantes1 ,france4 ,m4 ,clairgeau's first account of it was given in #ahdh when he exhibited fruit4 ,the reputation of the variety seems to have been at once established1 for ,j4 de ,jonghe and others combined and purchased the stock of about #cjj trees grafted on quince4 ,together with the parent tree1 these were the same year removed to ,brussels1 and in #aheb the pear was placed on the market4 ,thus it happened that a ,french pear was first distributed by ,belgian growers4 ,the variety was introduced in ,america about #ahed4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed it upon its list of recommended fruits in #ahfj4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 unusually upright1 dense1 slow-growing1 hardy1 productive1 a regular bearer2 trunk slender1 shaggy2 branches smooth1 slightly zigzag1 ash-gray almost completely overspreading reddish-brown1 with many lenticels2 branchlets thick1 short1 with short internodes1 greenish-brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds conical1 pointed1 appressed2 leaves very numerous1 #c in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 broadly oval1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin glandless1 finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long1 glabrous2 stipules rudimentary or lacking4 ,flower-buds medium to long1 conical1 pointed2 flowers #a-a_/b in4 across1 showy1 in dense clusters1 averaging #g buds to a cluster2 pedicels #e_/h in4 long1 thick1 pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit in season1 late ,october and ,november2 large1 #c-e_/h in4 long1 #b-e_/h in4 wide1 uniform in size1 roundish-acute-pyriform1 with a long1 tapering neck1 symmetrical1 uniform in shape2 stem #a_/b in4 long1 short1 very thick and fleshy2 cavity obtuse1 very shallow and narrow1 fleshy around the base of the stem1 russeted1 lipped2 calyx open1 large2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 broad1 acute or acuminate2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 furrowed1 often compressed2 skin thick and granular1 tough1 smooth1 glossy2 color yellow1 with bright red blush2 dots many1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh white1 quite granular1 firm at first but becoming at maturity tender and melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet1 aromatic1 with a rich1 vinous flavor2 quality variable1 good to best4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,beurr ,,diel ,,beurr ,,diel #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #a3ai1 ,pl4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #c3aca1 ,pl4 #ahcj4 #c4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cib4 #ahca4 #d4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ahi4 #ahcb4 #e4 ,ibid4 #aef4 #ahda4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cfj1 fig4 #aec4 #ahde4 #g4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #hef4 #ahde4 #h4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3gg1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bca4 #ahed4 #aj4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #g1 ,pl4 #g4 #ahfc4 #aa4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3acg1 fig4 #fg4 #ahff-gc4 #ab4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cdi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #ac4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fhf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #ad4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eah4 #ahhd4 #ae4 ,guide ,prat4 #bcd4 #ahie4 ,diel's ,butterbirne4 #af4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #aaj4 #ahbe4 #ag4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 #aa3 ,no4 #h1 ,pl4 #h4 #ahhb4 #ah4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bjc4 #ahhi4 ,diel4 #ai4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahhc4 ,the catalogs and text-books supply ,beurr ,diel with several virtues which ,nature denies it as the variety grows in ,new ,york4 ,as grown in the eastern ,united ,states1 the pears are dull and unattractive even at maturity when the pale lemon color is brightest4 ,when the tree is happily situated as to soil and care1 the quality of its product is excellent1 its fruits being delicious and ranking among the very best1 but when illy suited to soil1 climate or care1 the flesh is coarse1 the flavor insipid and astringent1 bringing the quality down to second or third rate4 ,the pears keep and ship well4 ,the tree is hardy1 uncommonly vigorous and fruitful1 but very subject to blight2 it is characterized by its long twisting branches which need to be pruned back heavily4 ,the variety is still being planted1 but there are better autumn pears4 ,this variety came from a chance seedling found near ,brussels in #ahje by ,m4 ,meuris1 head gardener for ,dr4 ,van ,mons4 ,being unnamed and of fine quality1 ,van ,mons dedicated it to his ,german friend1 ,diel1 one of the most distinguished ,german pomologists4 ,van ,mons sent cions of the variety to the ,london ,horticultural ,society in #ahag4 ,in #ahbc1 ,thomas ,andrew ,knight sent cions to the ,massachusetts ,agricultural ,society whence it became disseminated generally throughout the ,united ,states4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed this variety upon its fruit catalog-list in #ahed4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 spreading1 open-topped1 slow-growing1 hardy1 productive2 trunk slender1 smooth2 branches slender1 twisting1 reddish-brown mingled with grayish scarf-skin1 with few lenticels2 branchlets with short internodes1 dark reddish-brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds obtuse1 free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 oval1 thick1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical1 rather plump1 free2 flowers open early1 nearly #a-c_/h in4 across1 showy1 in dense clusters1 #g or #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long1 pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit ripe in ,november2 large1 #c in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 uniform in size1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 often irregular and usually with sides unequal2 stem #a-a_/d in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 very narrow1 russeted1 furrowed and uneven1 often lipped2 calyx partly open1 large2 lobes separated at the base1 broad1 acute2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 furrowed and uneven2 skin very thick and granular1 somewhat roughened by russet markings and by dots2 color lemon-yellow1 with a faint pinkish-red blush and markings and flecks of russet2 dots many1 russet1 very conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 becoming tender and melting1 quite granular around the core1 very juicy1 sweet1 aromatic and rich2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 often abortive1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,beurr ,,giffard ,,beurr ,,giffard #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #fi4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ah3dcc1 fig4 #cj4 #aheb4 #c4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3fi1 ,pl4 #aheg4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bca4 #aheh4 #e4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #a1 ,pl4 #a4 #ahfc4 #f4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3ci1 fig4 #ah4 #ahff-gc4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cfi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #h4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fhi4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eba4 #ahhd4 #aj4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #cgd1 fig4 #aijd4 ,giffard's ,butterbirne4 #aa4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bee4 #ahha4 #ab4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #eg1 ,pl4 #eg4 #ahhc4 ,giffard4 #ac4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #dae4 #ahfc4 #ad4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ch4 #ahhc4 ,this is one of the few summer pears with a distinctly vinous flavor1 which1 with the crisp and tender flesh1 makes it one of the most refreshing of summer fruits4 ,the pears are larger than those of most other sorts of its season1 somewhat like those of ,beurr ,clairgeau in shape and color1 and ripen at a time--just before ,clapp ,favorite--when good pears should be in demand for home and market4 ,the fruits keep well for summer pears1 and are remarkable for their small cores4 ,the trees1 while in no way remarkable1 are quite up to the average in all characters1 and surpass most of their orchard associates in hardiness and fruitfulness4 ,the variety is desirable for both home and commercial orchards4 ,this early summer pear was found as a chance seedling in #ahbe by ,nicolas ,giffard1 ,foussires1 ,france4 ,in #ahdj1 ,m4 ,millet1 president of the ,society of ,horticulture of ,maine-et-,loire1 wrote the first description of it in the ,bulletins of the ,society4 ,it was introduced in ,america about #ahej1 and in #aheh was added to the fruit catalog-list of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,tree of medium size1 vigorous1 spreading1 open-topped1 hardy1 productive2 branches reddish-brown1 nearly covered with gray scarf-skin1 with long and narrow1 large lenticels2 branchlets slender1 new growth willowy1 long1 reddish-brown1 smooth1 glabrous except near the tips of the new growth1 with conspicuous1 raised1 round lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 stiff2 apex taper-pointed2 margin entire1 sometimes slightly pubescent2 petiole #b-a_/b in4 long1 slender1 reddish-green2 stipules very long and slender4 ,flower-buds small1 plump1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #c_/d in4 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,august2 variable in size1 averages #c in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 obovate-acute-pyriform2 stem #c_/d in4 long2 cavity lacking1 the flesh closing up symmetrically around the stem except when drawn up in a lip2 calyx open1 small2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 accuminate2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 almost smooth1 symmetrical2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth2 color dull greenish-yellow1 with a dotted1 dull red blush1 often without blush2 dots numerous1 small1 greenish and russet1 very conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular at the center1 melting1 very juicy1 vinous1 highly aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core small1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube narrow1 funnel-shaped2 seeds plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,beurr ,,hardy ,,beurr ,,hardy #a4 ,barry ,fr4 ,garden #cad4 #ahea4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dff4 #aheg4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ff4 #ahfb4 #d4 ,pom4 ,france #b3 ,no4 #df1 ,pl4 #df4 #ahfd4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #aa1 fig4 #d4 #ahff-gc4 #f4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cgi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eba4 #ahhd4 #h4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #cgh1 fig4 #aijd4 ,hardy4 #i4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #dfc4 #ahfc4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ch4 #ahhc4 ,gellert's ,butterbirne4 #aa4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #ch1 ,pl4 #gh4 #ahid4 ,beurr ,hardy is one of the good autumn pears4 ,both fruit and tree commend it4 ,the fruits are usually large2 are handsome in appearance2 and the flesh and flavor are exceptionally fine4 ,thus1 the flesh1 while a little granular at the core1 is melting1 juicy1 and richly aromatic1--as truly luscious as in any other pear4 ,unfortunately the fruits do not keep well1 having a tendency to soften at the core as maturity advances4 ,when poorly grown or not properly ripened1 the pears are sometimes a little astringent1 and there is always a smack of astringency4 ,the trees1 while not large1 are vigorous1 hardy1 productive1 and healthy except in being a little susceptible to blight4 ,this is a favorite pear with nurserymen to bud or graft on the quince1 ,japanese pear stocks1 or other stocks1 since it makes a perfect union with any of those in common use4 ,the tree is one of the best dwarfs1 also1 for its own crop4 ,wherever pears are grown1 this is a good dessert sort1 and in many regions it is a valuable fruit for commerce4 ,beurr ,hardy does especially well in ,new ,york and in eastern ,united ,states4 ,this is a ,french pear raised about #ahbj by ,m4 ,bonnet1 ,boulogne-sur-,mer1 ,france4 ,in #ahcj1 it was acquired by ,m4 ,jean-,laurent ,jamin1 a nurseryman near ,paris1 who named it in honor of ,m4 ,hardy1 ,director and ,professor of ,arboriculture at the ,garden of the ,luxembourg4 ,it was propagated1 made known1 and distributed by ,m4 ,jamin between #ahdj and #ahde4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,beurr ,hardy to its list of recommended fruits in #ahfb4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright1 dense-topped1 hardy1 productive2 trunk stocky2 branches smooth1 dull brown overspread with gray1 marked more or less with scarf-skin1 with very numerous large1 elongated lenticels2 branchlets thick1 greenish-brown1 glossy1 smooth1 glabrous1 with numerous small1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds conical1 pointed1 plump1 usually free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 stiff2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin tipped with small glands1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 free1 singly or in small clusters on short spurs2 flowers #a-a_/d in4 across1 well distributed1 average #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 pubescent1 reddish-green4 ,fruit in season1 late ,september and early ,october2 large1 #c in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 uniform1 obtuse-pyriform1 with a rather long neck1 symmetrical2 stem #g_/h in4 long1 thick1 slightly curved2 cavity obtuse1 very shallow and narrow1 russeted1 often uneven and gently furrowed1 lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes broad1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed2 skin granular1 tender1 russet2 color dull greenish-yellow1 overspread with thin1 brownish-russet1 without blush2 dots numerous1 russet1 small1 very conspicuous2 flesh granular1 melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet1 richly aromatic and somewhat vinous2 quality very good to best4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,,beurr ,,de ,,jonghe #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bh3beh4 #aheg4 #b4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #adg1 fig4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3gc1 fig4 #dc4 #ahff-gc4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fhc4 #ahfi4 #e4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #cb3djh4 #ahgg4 #f4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebb4 #ahhd4 #g4 ,guide ,prat4 #fd1 #bcb4 #ahie4 #h4 ,garden #di3bbe4 #ahif4 ,de ,jonghe's ,butterbirne4 #i4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bja4 #ahhi4 ,a prime requisite in any pear of best quality is that there be no disagreeable after-taste in the flesh4 ,the fruits of almost none of the winter pears meet this requirement4 ,almost all have more or less astringency in the after-taste4 ,but the fruits of this variety are wholly free from this astringency and are1 moreover1 so sweet and rich that they are nearly as delectable as those of ,seckel1 the standard of excellence in quality4 ,the pears ripen at ,geneva in ,january and may be kept for a month or six weeks at a season when there are few other sweet1 rich pears1 the fruits of nearly all other pears of this season being vinous and piquant4 ,the trees are hardy and productive1 but are slow in coming in bearing1 rather small1 and not at all self-assertive and must be coddled somewhat4 ,they are reported by many to do better on quince than on pear stocks4 ,the variety is desirable only for the amateur4 ,according to ,mas1 the ,french pomologist1 ,m4 de ,jonghe mentioned this pear in a pamphlet on new varieties published in #ahfe4 ,it was described in the ,magazine of ,horticulture in #aheg as a new variety4 ,in ,gardener's ,chronicle1 #ahff1 ,m4 de ,jonghe said that he saw this pear first in #aheb at ,uccle1 ,belgium4 ,the seedling had been planted there two years before4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 spreading1 slow-growing1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk slender1 shaggy2 branches reddish-brown overspread with thick scarf-skin2 branchlets thick1 curved1 short1 with very short internodes1 smooth except for the raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short2 leaf-scars with prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 thick2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin glandular1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 reddish-green4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 very plump1 free2 flowers #a-a_/d in4 across1 #g or #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a_/b in4 long1 thick4 ,fruit ripe ,december to ,january2 medium in size1 #c in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 very regular2 stem short1 thick1 inserted obliquely2 cavity very shallow or none1 the flesh often drawn up in a lip on one side of the stem2 calyx small1 open2 basin shallow2 skin thin2 color dull yellow1 thickly overspread with a pale1 brownish-russet1 often with traces of a russet-red blush2 dots numerous1 small1 dull russet2 flesh nearly white1 fine-grained1 melting1 buttery1 pleasant flavored1 aromatic1 sweet2 quality very good4 ,illustration3 ,,beurr ,,superfin ,,beurr ,,superfin #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3h1 #ace4 #ahed4 #b4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #e3 #hh4 #ahee4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfe4 #aheg4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bca4 #aheh4 #e4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dcb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #f4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebi4 #ahhd4 ,hochfeine ,butterbirne4 #g4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #ei1 ,pl4 #ei4 #ahhc4 #h4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #dg1 ,pl4 #fj4 #ahid4 ,superfin4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dj4 #ahhc4 ,tender in skin and delicate in flesh1 the product of this variety is not for the markets1 but that of few other sorts so admirably supplies those who want choicely good fruits4 ,the pears are not as attractive in appearance as might be wished1 but are hardly surpassed in flavor in their season4 ,the flesh is notable for juiciness1 rich vinous flavor1 and pleasant perfume4 ,the trees are large1 healthy even as regards blight1 very productive1 and are easily suited as to soils4 ,the trees do not bear early1 but are regular in bearing after this life event begins4 ,in ,europe1 the variety is commonly and successfully grown as a dwarf1 and the pear-growers of a generation ago in ,america recommend this variety as one of the good sorts to work on the quince4 ,the variety is a valuable one for home orchards1 especially in ,new ,york where it grows exceptionally well4 ,beurr ,superfin was raised from a bed of pear seeds made at ,angers1 ,france1 by ,m4 ,goubault1 a well-known pomologist1 in #ahcg4 ,the parent tree so produced bore fruit in #ahdd and the ,committee of the ,horticultural ,society of ,maine-et-,loire was requested to report on its merits1 which it did in that year1 and ,m4 ,millet1 president of the society1 named it ,beurr ,superfin4 ,it was introduced in ,america about #ahej4 ,the variety was placed on the fruit catalog-list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #aheh4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense-topped1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk stocky1 rough2 branches thick1 rough and shaggy1 zigzag1 dull brownish-red1 overspread with gray scarf-skin1 sprinkled with numerous elongated lenticels2 branchlets slender1 light brown1 glossy1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 appressed or free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #a-g_/h in4 wide1 stiff2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin tipped with small glands1 coarsely serrate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds conical1 pointed1 plump1 free1 singly on short branches and short spurs4 ,fruit matures in ,october2 large1 #c-a_/d in4 long1 #b-c_/d in4 wide1 roundish-oblate1 with a short1 thick1 rounded neck1 symmetrical2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long1 very thick1 curved2 cavity very shallow and narrow or lacking1 the flesh tapering into the stem or wrinkled in a fleshy fold about the base of the stem1 often lipped2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 broad1 narrow2 basin narrow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed1 symmetrical2 skin very granular1 tender1 smooth2 color yellow1 netted and streaked with light russet1 often with a slight brownish-russet cheek2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular1 melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet yet with a rich1 brisk1 vinous flavor1 aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,bloodgood ,,bloodgood #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #c3ad4 #ahcg4 #b4 ,manning ,book of ,fruits #fe4 #ahch4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3cff1 fig4 #ca4 #ahdc4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ccb1 fig4 #acb4 #ahde4 #e4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #ea4 #ahdh4 #f4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3aha1 fig4 #hi4 #ahff-gc4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ddi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #h4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ecb4 #ahhd4 ,bloodgood's ,sommerbirne4 #i4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ahf4 #ahhi4 ,bloodgood has long been a standard summer pear in ,america4 ,it surpasses any ,european associate of its season in both fruit- and tree-characters4 ,in particular1 the fruits are meritorious for flesh of fine texture1 which1 though a little granular1 is melting and juicy1 and has a rich1 sweet1 perfumed flavor4 ,complaints appear in the horticultural press that the quality is exceedingly variable4 ,the reports of poor flavor may arise from the fact that the quality is always poor if the fruit is not picked as soon as full grown and ripened indoors4 ,the season in ,new ,york is ,august4 ,the trees are resistant to blight1 healthy1 bear young and regularly1 are long-lived1 and attain large size1 although in some situations they are but medium in size4 ,the variety has little or no value in commercial plantations1 but is prized in every collection for home use4 ,the origin of this pear is unknown1 but it is supposed to be a native of ,new ,york4 ,it seems to have been brought to notice about #ahce by ,james ,bloodgood of the nursery firm of ,bloodgood and ,company1 ,flushing1 ,long ,island4 ,according to ,robert ,manning1 the variety was listed in ,prince's ,catalogue for #ahcg as ,early ,beurr4 ,after being introduced by ,bloodgood and ,company1 it was speedily recognized as one of the most valuable native sorts4 ,the variety was placed upon the fruit catalog-list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahdh4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 upright1 dense1 slow-growing1 productive2 trunk medium in thickness and smoothness2 branches zigzag1 reddish-brown partly overspread with grayish scarf-skin1 marked with few small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 very long1 with long internodes1 reddish-brown1 the new growth greenish1 with a brown tinge1 glossy1 smooth1 with small1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds broad at the base1 small1 short1 sharply pointed1 free2 leaf-scars with prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #b-a_/d in4 long1 #a-c_/h in4 wide1 oval1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/d in4 long1 slender1 tinged red2 stipules few1 variable in size and shape1 tinged red4 ,flower-buds medium in size and length1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on short spurs2 flowers early1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #g or #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels often #g_/h in4 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit matures in late ,august2 medium in size1 #b-a_/h in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 roundish-pyriform to acute-pyriform1 symmetrical1 uniform1 with equal sides2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick2 cavity russeted1 lipped1 drawn up in fleshy folds about the stem2 calyx open1 small2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 broad1 obtuse2 basin narrow1 obtuse1 smooth1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tough1 roughish2 color bright yellow1 with patches and nettings of russet1 producing a mottled russet effect2 dots many1 small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 flesh tinged yellow1 granular1 melting1 buttery1 rich1 very juicy1 sweet1 highly flavored1 aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core small1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 narrow1 conical2 seeds small1 short1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,brandywine ,,brandywine #a4 ,horticulturist #c3aff1 figs4 #be and #bf4 #ahdh-di4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ae3ajf4 #ahdi4 #c4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3ea1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3dej1 fig4 #cj1 #ahec4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bca4 #aheh4 #f4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dif1 fig4 #ahfg4 #g4 ,pom4 ,france #d3 ,no4 #afj1 ,pl4 #afj4 #ahfg4 ,were it not that ,tyson is better in both tree and fruit1 ,brandywine1 which ripens its crop with that of ,tyson1 could be put down as about the best pear of its season4 ,tyson is the better variety1 however1 in almost every soil and situation1 and ,brandywine has a place in ,american pear flora only because the pears have a distinct flavor which gives them the charm of individuality4 ,the flesh is neither sweet nor perfumed1 as is that of most pears at this season1 but has the piquant smack of some of the winter pears which makes the fruits particularly refreshing4 ,the tree is vigorous1 with a handsome pyramidal top1 but is not remarkable otherwise4 ,sometimes it is unproductive4 ,the variety is worth planting for the sake of diversity in home orchards4 ,the original tree1 a chance seedling1 was found on the farm of ,eli ,harvey1 ,chaddsford1 on the banks of the ,brandywine ,river1 ,pennsylvania4 ,this parent tree began to bear about #ahbj1 but in #ahce wind broke it down near the surface of the ground4 ,the present tree is a sucker from the original1 and first fruited in #ahdd4 ,this fact accounts for its not sooner having become known to cultivation4 ,dr4 ,brinckl of ,philadelphia showed the fruits first at a meeting of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahdh when it received high commendations4 ,in #aheh the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,brandywine to its list of recommended fruits4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 very upright1 dense-topped1 productive2 branches long1 olive-gray1 sprinkled with roundish lenticels2 branchlets slender1 curved1 with short internodes1 brownish-red overspread with scarf-skin1 glabrous1 with few small1 obscure lenticels4 ,leaf-buds medium in size and length1 pointed1 free4 ,leaves small1 long-ovate2 apex taper-pointed2 margin serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 plump1 conical1 free1 singly on spurs and as terminal buds2 flowers #g_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a_/b in4 long1 slender1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripens in late ,august and early ,september2 medium in size1 #b-c_/d in4 long1 #b-a_/b in4 wide1 variable in shape but generally obovate-pyriform2 stem #a-a_/b in4 long1 fleshy1 curved1 obliquely attached2 cavity lacking1 the flesh drawn up in a wrinkled fold about the base of the stem2 calyx large1 open2 lobes short1 entire2 basin small1 shallow1 usually smooth2 skin roughish2 color greenish-yellow1 blushed with red on the sunny side1 marked with tracings of russet especially near the cavity2 dots numerous1 large1 conspicuous1 russet2 flesh whitish1 or faintly tinged with yellow1 granular1 melting1 juicy1 aromatic1 vinous2 quality good to very good4 ,core small2 seeds few1 small1 dark brown4 ,illustration3 ,,buffum ,,buffum #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aff4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3cjj1 fig4 #ae4 #ahdd4 #c4 ,ibid4 #af3big4 #ahej4 #d4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3ai1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #aheb4 #f4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #f3cjj1 ,pl4 #ahef4 #g4 ,ibid4 #be3ajd1 fig4 #ahgj4 #h4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #ha1 fig4 #ci4 #ahff-gc4 ,buffam4 #i4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cef1 fig4 #aej4 #ahde4 ,without deserving a high place among pears1 ,buffum has several meritorious characters which should keep it in the list of standard varieties4 ,the variety must depend chiefly on its tree-characters for approbation1 and in these it excels nearly all of its orchard associates4 ,the trees are remarkably vigorous1 nearly free from blight1 very productive1 although they have a tendency to bear biennially2 and by virtue of great size1 symmetrical1 pyramidal form1 dark green1 glossy foliage1 and sturdy1 ruddy wood in winter1 they are among the most ornamental of all fruit trees4 ,in full leaf1 a ,buffum tree might easily be taken for a ,lombardy poplar4 ,the quality of the fruits is very variable4 ,at times the flesh is rich1 aromatic1 melting1 and very good2 again1 the pears may be insipid or even illy flavored1 devoid of perfume1 coarse in texture1 and poor4 ,the fruits are never large and often run small4 ,to attain good quality1 the pears must be picked early and ripened in a moderately cool fruit-room4 ,the culture of ,buffum is on the wane1 chiefly for the reason that its fruits ripen with those of ,seckel and fail in competition1 as the ,seckels are nearly as large and much better in quality4 ,but because of its admirable tree-characters the variety should not be lost4 ,some confusion exists as to the origin of ,buffum4 ,some writers state that the original tree stood on the grounds of ,prescott ,hall1 ,newport1 ,rhode ,island4 ,hovey1 however1 in his ,fruits of ,america1 #ahea1 says that the variety originated in the garden of ,david ,buffum1 ,warren1 ,rhode ,island1 shortly after the advent of the nineteenth century4 ,in the opinion of ,downing the variety came from seed of ,white ,doyenn4 ,soon after the founding of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahbh1 ,robert ,manning exhibited specimens of the ,buffum pear1 and through him the variety became known in the vicinity of ,boston from which place it was disseminated throughout the country4 ,buffum was added to the fruit-list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #aheb4 ,tree vigorous1 very upright1 dense1 hardy1 almost immune to blight1 very productive2 branches shaggy1 zigzag1 reddish-brown1 overspread with grayish scarf-skin1 with numerous small lenticels2 branchlets short1 reddish-brown1 tinged with green and streaked with grayish scarf-skin1 smooth1 glabrous1 with conspicuous1 small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 appressed2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 oval1 thin1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin glandular1 finely serrate2 petiole #b-a_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on short spurs and branchlets2 flowers #a-a_/b in4 across1 showy1 in dense clusters1 #f to #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 slender1 pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit ripe in late ,september and ,october2 medium in size1 #b-a_/d in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 with unequal sides2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 very thick2 cavity obtuse1 very shallow1 narrow1 russeted1 gently furrowed1 often lipped2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 obtuse2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed2 skin thick1 very tough and granular1 smooth except for the russet markings1 dull2 color deep brownish-yellow1 with a bright reddish blush on the exposed cheek toward the basin2 dots many1 small1 brownish or russet1 conspicuous2 flesh white1 tinged with yellow1 firm1 granular1 stringy toward the center1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed2 core-lines clasping2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,clapp ,,favorite ,,clapp ,,favorite #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ej4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahfg4 #c4 ,pom4 ,france #d3 ,no4 #agj1 ,pl4 #agj4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #e4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #deb4 #ahig4 ,favorite de ,clapp4 #f4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bjg1 fig4 #ajb4 #ahff-gc4 ,clapp's ,favourite4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edh4 #ahhd4 #h4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #acd1 #dfb1 fig4 #aijd4 ,clapp's ,liebling4 #i4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #ca1 ,pl4 #df4 #ahid4 ,clapp ,favorite is by universal consent the standard late summer pear to precede ,bartlett1 which it much resembles in size1 shape1 color1 and flavor4 ,in most regions in the ,united ,states and ,canada where pears are largely grown for the market1 ,clapp ,favorite is the first pear to be put on the market4 ,the season is usually a week or sometimes ten days before that of ,bartlett4 ,the chief fault of the fruits is that they soon soften at the center after ripening1 to obviate which they should be picked at least ten days before they would ripen on the tree4 ,this softening at the core debars the fruit from distant markets1 and makes it suitable only for local trade4 ,the illustration of the whole fruit in the accompanying plate is so foreshortened by the camera that size and shape are not shown correctly1 but the half-fruit illustrates the size and shape very well4 ,the fruits are usually a little larger than those of ,bartlett4 ,except in one particular1 the trees of ,clapp ,favorite are as nearly perfect as those of any variety in ,american orchards4 ,the weak character1 unfortunately1 is a most important one1 and all but debars the variety from some regions in which pear-growing is a large industry4 ,the weakness is susceptibility to blight4 ,no standard pear goes down so quickly as this one when blight is epidemic4 ,two good characters of the trees redeem the variety from failure because of blight4 ,after those of ,flemish ,beauty and ,tyson1 the trees of this variety show greater hardihood to cold than those of any other standard sort2 and of all pears grown in ,america1 ,kieffer not excepted1 the trees of ,clapp ,favorite are most fruitful4 ,other merits of the tree are large size1 great vigor1 longevity1 and earliness and regularity in bearing4 ,the variety shows a predilection for heavy soils1 and the trees may be set on the heaviest clays4 ,clapp ,favorite is grown satisfactorily on dwarf as well as standard stocks4 ,the variety is a desirable one wherever pears are grown1 and is one of the half-dozen leading sorts in ,new ,york4 ,clapp ,favorite was raised by ,thaddeus ,clapp1 ,dorchester1 ,massachusetts1 but the date of its origin is uncertain4 ,it was favorably mentioned as a promising new fruit at the meeting of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahfj4 ,by some writers this pear is supposed to be a cross between ,flemish ,beauty and ,bartlett1 but this supposition cannot be proved4 ,the variety was early introduced into ,england and ,france where it almost immediately received favorable commendation4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society first listed ,clapp ,favorite in its fruit-catalog in #ahfg4 ,tree large1 upright-spreading1 round-topped1 very productive2 trunk stocky1 rough2 branches characteristically shaggy1 zigzag1 reddish-brown overspread with gray scarf-skin1 marked by few small1 roundish1 raised lenticels2 branchlets short1 dull reddish-brown1 tinged with green1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds medium in size1 short1 conical1 pointed2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 oval1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandular1 finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on short spurs and branches2 flowers very showy1 #a-e_/h in4 across1 large1 well distributed1 averaging #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-c_/af in4 long1 lightly pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,august and early ,september2 large1 #d in4 long1 #c-a_/d in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 tapering slightly toward the apex1 symmetrical2 stem #a-a_/d in4 long1 very thick1 curved1 fleshy2 cavity very shallow1 narrow1 lipped1 with a fleshy ring around the stem2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acuminate1 usually erect and very stiff2 basin shallow1 wide1 obtuse1 corrugated and wrinkled2 skin thick1 tough1 smooth1 glossy2 color pale lemon-yellow1 mottled and dotted with bright red1 deepening in highly colored specimens to a crimson blush1 with occasional faint traces of russet2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 very granular and gritty at the center1 tender and melting1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 rich1 vinous1 aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 narrow1 funnel-shaped2 seeds medium in size and width1 plump4 ,illustration3 ,,colonel ,,wilder ,,colonel ,,wilder #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 ,pt4 #b4 #aai4 #ahge4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app4 #adf1 fig4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bc4 #ahha4 #d4 ,me4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aad4 #ahia4 ,colonel ,wilder originated in ,california and was once a favorite there1 but is now reported as being little planted4 ,at one time it was prominent in eastern orchards because of its late season and large1 handsome1 well-flavored fruits4 ,the variety came in competition with ,beurr d',anjou1 however1 the season and fruits of the two being similar1 but the trees of ,colonel ,wilder were so greatly outmatched by those of ,beurr d',anjou that this variety is less and less planted in the ,east4 ,perhaps it is worth preserving in pear collections for the sake of variety4 ,this pear originated from seed sown by ,bernard ,s4 ,fox1 ,san ,jose1 ,california1 about #ahgj4 ,it was named after ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder1 ,boston1 ,massachusetts4 ,just prior to his death ,mr4 ,fox1 in a letter to the editor of the ,rural ,press1 wrote of three pears1 ,p4 ,barry1 ,fox1 and ,colonel ,wilder1 as follows3 ,the list of pears is already large1 and1 unless something extremely good is offered1 there is no use adding to it4 ,but1 after many years of trial here and elsewhere1 ,i claim now1 that1 at their respective times of ripening1 there are no large pears superior to them in size1 flavor1 and good shipping qualities4 ,tree medium in size1 spreading and drooping1 open-topped1 hardy1 an uncertain bearer2 trunk shaggy2 branches stocky1 roughish1 reddish-brown nearly covered with gray scarf-skin1 marked with many lenticels2 branchlets slender1 willowy1 light brown1 with a slight reddish tinge1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few small1 slightly raised1 obscure lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 sharply pointed1 free or slightly appressed4 ,leaves #b-a_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/d in4 wide1 narrow1 short1 oval1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin glandless1 finely serrate2 petiole #b-a_/d in4 long1 slender1 pale green or yellowish1 sometimes with a tinge of pink2 stipules light greenish-yellow1 with a pink tinge4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on very short spurs2 blossoms open very late2 flowers #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #g or #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a_/b in4 long1 pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit in season1 late ,december to ,february2 large1 #c in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 uniform in size1 ribbed1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 with unequal sides2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity small1 obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 furrowed1 occasionally lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 abrupt1 usually smooth1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tough1 rough1 dull2 color light yellow1 often with a faint orange-red blush on the exposed cheek1 with nettings and markings of russet2 dots numerous1 small1 grayish and russet-colored1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 granular around the core1 melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet1 aromatic1 with a musky flavor2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,columbia ,,columbia #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #b3cg4 #ahcf4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aei4 #ahda4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3 #beb1 fig4 #ae4 #ahdc4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dcj1 fig4 #aih4 #ahde4 #e4 ,horticulturist #a3bj1 #dhj1 fig4 #i4 #ahdf-dg4 #f4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3ag1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ff4 #ahfb4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ehi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #i4 ,pom4 ,france #d3 ,no4 #adj1 ,pl4 #adj4 #ahfg4 #aj4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbe4 #ahfi4 ,once a favorite in eastern ,united ,states1 ,columbia is planted now only in collections4 ,the variety never was a leader as far north as the pear regions of ,new ,york and ,massachusetts1 but when pear-growing was being attempted in the southern states in the middle of the last century1 before the advent of ,kieffer1 ,garber1 and ,le ,conte1 ,columbia was the most dependable sort for the ,south4 ,the pears are not attractive in appearance1 nor remarkably good in quality1 but the trees are vigorous1 healthy1 and very fruitful1 although they come in bearing late4 ,the variety is above the average in both fruit and tree1 and is too valuable to be discarded4 ,this variety must not be confused with the ,columbia now listed in many catalogs1 the proper name of which is ,barseck4 ,the original seedling grew on the farm of a ,mr4 ,casser in ,westchester ,county1 thirteen miles from ,new ,york ,city4 ,in #ahce1 ,bloodgood and ,company1 nurserymen of ,flushing1 ,long ,island1 secured fruit from the original tree1 which was then fifteen inches in diameter1 and sent it to the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,later1 the variety was propagated and distributed by the ,bloodgood ,nursery4 ,columbia was added to the fruit-catalog of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahfb4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk stocky1 roughish2 branches thick1 rough1 shaggy1 dull brownish-red overspread with much gray scarf-skin1 marked with roundish lenticels2 branchlets short1 light brown intermingled with green1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few very small1 slightly raised1 lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 usually appressed4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 long-oval1 thin2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin finely serrate1 usually tipped with very small glands2 petiole #b-a_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on short spurs2 blossoms late2 flowers #a-c_/d in4 across1 very showy1 in dense clusters1 #i to #ab buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long1 very thick1 pubescent1 light green4 ,fruit ripe from late ,november to ,january2 large1 #c in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 uniform in size1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 broad at the middle1 unequal sides1 uniform in general shape2 stem #a in4 long1 curved1 thick2 cavity obtuse1 very shallow and narrow1 smooth2 calyx partly open1 large2 lobes narrow1 acuminate2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 wrinkled2 skin thick1 granular1 tough1 roughish1 dull2 color yellowish-green1 frequently with a dotted1 dull red blush on the exposed cheek2 dots many1 of various colors1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 granular1 rather tough1 very juicy1 sweet1 aromatic and rich2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube wide1 conical2 seeds narrow1 very long1 often flattened and abortive1 acuminate4 ,illustration3 ,,dana ,,hovey ,,dana ,,hovey #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahia4 ,dana's ,no4 #af4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3eda4 #ahec4 #c4 ,ibid4 #bj3acf4 #ahed4 ,dana's ,hovey4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #be3bjb1 fig4 #aj4 #ahei4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahfb4 #f4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #aaia1 fig4 #ahff4 #g4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcj4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eef4 #ahhd4 #i4 ,garden #di3bbf4 #ahif4 ,danas ,hovey4 #aj4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #dg3fg1 fig4 #ci4 #aiaj4 ,dana ,hovey is a delicious little dessert pear1 so juicy1 sweet1 and rich that it is a veritable sweetmeat4 ,the fruits are so similar to those of ,seckel that the variety is sometimes called ,winter ,seckel4 ,dana ,hovey is one of the best pears to succeed ,seckel4 ,the fruits come in season about the middle of ,november and keep six weeks in ordinary storage4 ,the flavor is that of ,winter ,nelis with a smack of ,seckel4 ,if the fruits are picked early and kept in a dry1 cool place they ripen early in ,december with a rich1 golden color strewn with russet4 ,it is in the same class with ,seckel as to size of fruit1 although the pears average larger and are more uniform in size from different trees and in different seasons4 ,the pears are also more brightly colored than those of ,seckel4 ,superiority in size and color makes the fruits of this variety much more attractive than those of the better-known ,seckel4 ,the trees are hardy1 vigorous1 and thrive on various soils but are only moderately productive and are somewhat susceptible to blight1 falling far short of those of ,seckel in these characters1 for which reason the last-named variety is the better for commercial plantations4 ,dana ,hovey is one of few winter pears with fruits of high quality1 and thus is very desirable for home plantations and ought to have value in commercial plantations4 ,francis ,dana1 ,roxbury1 ,massachusetts1 was an indefatigable raiser of new fruits1 there being no fewer than sixteen varieties of pears with the prefix ,dana's1 of which the one under notice is the best of all4 ,it was introduced to the public about #ahed under the name of ,dana's ,hovey in honor of ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey1 the well-known nurseryman of ,boston and author of ,the ,fruits of ,america4 ,dana ,hovey is so similar to ,seckel that the latter is supposed to be one of its parents4 ,the variety was added to the ,american ,pomological ,society's fruit-list in #ahfb4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 rapid-growing1 productive2 trunk stocky2 branches reddish-brown mingled with green which is almost completely overspread with gray scarf-skin1 marked by few small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 short1 light brown mingled with green1 marked with ash-gray at the tips1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 scattering1 slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 usually appressed4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandless or with few reddish glands1 finely serrate2 petiole short1 stocky1 #a-a_/b in4 long1 glabrous4 ,flower-buds short1 conical but obtuse at the apex1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on short spurs2 flowers #a-a_/b in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #c_/d in4 long1 slender1 thinly pubescent4 ,fruit matures in late ,october and ,november2 medium in size1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical1 uniform2 stem #a_/b in4 long1 slender2 cavity abrupt1 shallow1 very small1 narrow1 slightly lipped2 calyx partly open1 small2 lobes short1 narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 smooth1 symmetrical2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth2 color golden-yellow at maturity1 covered with thin russet2 dots numerous1 small1 greenish-russet2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular at the center1 tender and melting1 juicy1 sweet1 highly perfumed2 quality of the best4 ,core large1 closed1 abaxile2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds wide1 short1 plump1 obtuse4 ,illustration3 ,,dearborn ,,dearborn #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahhc4 #b4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #aee4 #aiad4 ,dearborn's ,seedling4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aed4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ccf1 fig4 #ace4 #ahde4 #e4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #ea4 #ahdh4 #f4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3fc1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #g4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #ccf4 #ahei4 #h4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3ag1 fig4 #g4 #ahff-gc4 #i4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3g1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,once a favorite1 ,dearborn is now nearly lost to cultivation1 and few or no nurserymen grow the trees4 ,it is too good a variety to be lost1 however1 because of splendid fruit- and tree-characters4 ,the fruits ripen early and are of good quality1 though hardly as richly flavored as those of ,elizabeth which ripen at the same time4 ,unfortunately the pears run small1 but they are attractive in shape and color4 ,in season1 the crop succeeds that of ,bloodgood and precedes that of ,bartlett4 ,the trees are almost flawless1 and therefore are well adapted to home orchards where fruits cannot receive the care of skilled hands4 ,besides being almost free from blight1 the trees are hardy1 vigorous1 and very productive4 ,the variety has many valuable qualities for a summer pear in home orchards4 ,this pear was found growing in a border of shrubs in #ahah at ,brinley ,place1 ,roxbury1 ,massachusetts1 the home of ,general ,h4 ,a4 ,s4 ,dearborn1#bg first president of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,in #ahca1 ,general ,dearborn first exhibited fruit of the variety at the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society where it was named ,dearborn's ,seedling in honor of the originator4 ,this variety should not be confused with a pear raised by ,van ,mons of ,belgium and named by him ,dearborn4 ,the ,dearborn of ,van ,mons is larger and ripens later than the ,american ,dearborn1 and was long since taken from lists of pears recommended for cultivation in ,america4 ,dearborn was included in the ,american ,pomological ,society's first fruit-catalog in #ahdh1 where it was called ,dearborn's ,seedling4 ,in #ahhc1 the ,society shortened the name to ,dearborn4 ,since #ahia1 the name has failed to appear in the catalogs of this ,society4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 spreading1 tall1 very productive2 trunk stocky2 branches thick1 zigzag1 reddish-brown partly covered with a heavy1 gray scarf-skin1 marked by many reddish-brown lenticels2 branchlets slender1 very long1 with long internodes1 older wood brown1 new growth greenish1 nearly covered with reddish-brown1 mottled with ash-gray scarf-skin1 smooth1 glabrous becoming pubescent near the tips of the new growth1 with numerous small1 brownish1 round1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds very small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 thin2 apex obtusely-pointed2 margin with very fine dark tips1 finely and shallowly serrate2 petiole tinged red1 #a-c_/d in4 long1 glabrous4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #i or #aj buds in a cluster2 pedicels #c_/d in4 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,august2 small1 #b in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 uniform1 roundish-pyriform1 with a slight neck1 symmetrical1 uniform2 stem #a in4 long1 slender2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 thinly russeted1 often slightly lipped2 calyx open1 large2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin very shallow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed and wrinkled1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 very tough1 smooth1 dull2 color pale yellow1 with russet specks2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh white1 slightly granular at the center1 tender and melting1 very juicy1 sweet but spicy1 aromatic2 quality good4 ,core large for the size of the fruit1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,dorset ,,dorset #a4 ,ellwanger ,barry ,cat4 #f1 fig4 #ahie4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ag1 fig4 #aijj4 #c4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aah4 #aijj4 #d4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bbj4 #aijb4 ,dorset has been on probation in ,new ,york for twenty-five years1 and its status is not yet decided4 ,the fruits resemble those of ,seckel in shape and color1 but are larger and come in season later4 ,these external resemblances to ,seckel have given it the name ,late ,seckel1 which1 however1 is a misnomer1 as a taste of the two fruits at once makes plain4 ,dorset is not nearly as richly flavored as ,seckel4 ,the tree-characters are all very good4 ,since there are few good late pears to follow ,seckel1 there may be a place for ,dorset4 ,dorset was raised from seed by ,lemuel ,clapp1 ,dorchester1 ,massachusetts1 but the exact date of origin is unknown4 ,the variety was introduced by ,ellwanger and ,barry1 ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 in #ahie4 ,during the next ten years it was placed on trial by several state experiment stations1 and soon gained a reputation for the characters noted in the preceding paragraph4 ,tree small1 spreading1 very productive1 a regular bearer2 trunk slender1 shaggy2 branches slender1 smooth1 reddish-brown mingled with dull ash-gray1 marked with many large lenticels2 branchlets slender1 dark brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with large1 raised1 lenticels4 ,leaf-buds medium to small1 conical1 pointed1 free4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 oval1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin crenate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical1 pointed1 free2 blossoms open very early2 flowers often #a-c_/h in4 across1 showy1 in dense clusters1 from #h to #ab buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 or less in length1 pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit matures in ,december2 medium in size1 #b-c_/d in4 long1 #b-a_/b in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 with unequal sides2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 curved1 cavity almost lacking1 obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 furrowed1 compressed1 often lipped2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 acute2 basin narrow1 obtuse or often quite abrupt1 gently furrowed2 skin thick1 smooth2 color dull greenish-yellow1 marked with a dull bronze-red blush on the exposed cheek2 dots many1 small1 grayish and russet1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 granular at the center1 tender1 very juicy1 very sweet and aromatic2 quality good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute1 broad at the base4 ,,douglas #a4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fc4 #aijh-ji4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #gj3ei1 fig4 #bd4 #aiaa4 #c4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yearbook #bfg1 ,pl4 #d4 #aiab4 #d4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #gb3deh1 fig4 #adf4 #aiac4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #da1 #db4 #aiae4 ,in regions where blight and heat make pear-growing precarious1 and only pears with oriental blood1 as ,kieffer1 ,garber1 and ,le ,conte1 can be grown1 ,douglas1 which belongs with the pears just named1 might well be tried4 ,certainly it is better in flavor than any other variety of its class4 ,the trees come in bearing remarkably early1 and are as productive as those of ,kieffer1 though hardly as large or as vigorous4 ,the trees are inclined to overbear1 in which case the fruits run small4 ,the variety has little to recommend it for ,new ,york1 but those who grow ,kieffer might put it on probation with the hope of growing a fruit passably fair for dessert4 ,douglas is a seedling of ,kieffer crossed1 it is believed1 with ,duchesse d',angoulme by ,o4 ,h4 ,ayer1 ,lawrence1 ,douglas ,county1 ,kansas1 about the year #ahig4 ,it fruited first in #aijb and attracted the attention of ,a4 ,h4 ,griesa1 also of ,lawrence1 who propagated it in #aijg1 and sent out specimens of it for appraisement in ,october1 #aiaj1 when it was very favorably reported on by many prominent horticulturists4 ,in accordance with ,mr4 ,griesa's suggestion1 it was named ,douglas after the county of its origin4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 upright1 very productive2 trunk slender1 smooth2 branches slender1 dull brownish-red1 mottled with gray scarf-skin2 branchlets medium in thickness and length1 smooth1 glabrous1 sprinkled with numerous raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 long1 pointed1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 thick2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandless1 finely and shallowly serrate2 petiole #a-e_/h in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical1 plump1 free2 flowers #a-a_/d in4 across1 white or occasionally with a faint tinge of pink1 #aa or #ab buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-e_/h in4 long4 ,fruit matures in ,october2 large1 #c-a_/d in4 long1 #b-c_/d in4 wide1 obovate-pyriform1 tapering at both ends like the ,kieffer2 stem #a-e_/h in4 long1 slender2 cavity deep1 narrow1 compressed1 often lipped2 calyx small1 partly open2 basin furrowed2 skin thick1 tough2 color pale yellow1 heavily dotted and sometimes flecked with russet2 dots numerous1 small1 light russet or greenish2 flesh tinged with yellow1 firm but tender1 granular1 very juicy1 sweet yet with an invigorating flavor2 quality good4 ,core closed1 axile2 calyx-tube short1 wide2 seeds long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,doyenn ,d',,alen,,on ,,doyenn ,d',,alen,,on #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bac4 #ahef4 #b4 ,ibid4 #bca4 #aheh4 #c4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3ae1 ,pl4 #ahfj4 #d4 ,pom4 ,france #b3 ,no4 #dg1 ,pl4 #dg4 #ahfd4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3bc1 fig4 #aj4 #ahff-gc4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gdb4 #ahfi4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ee1 fig4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #bj3ace4 #ahga4 #i4 ,guide ,prat4 #fa1 #bfd4 #ahgf4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efd4 #ahhd4 ,marmorirte ,schmalzbirne4 #aa4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fe4 #ahef4 ,dechantsbirne von ,alenon4 #ab4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bja4 #ahhi4 ,this old ,french pear is worth planting1 if the trees can be obtained1 because of its very late fruits and long season4 ,the pears come in season under ordinary conditions in ,december and keep until ,march4 ,the fruits are not remarkable for either taste or appearance1 but are good for a winter product when there is little competition with other varieties4 ,the pears are admirably adapted for culinary purposes4 ,in some seasons the pears fail to ripen1 and the variety should be planted only on warm soils and in situations where the season is warm and long4 ,tree and fruit have a family resemblance to ,easter ,beurr2 the latter1 however1 is generally a better pear than this one4 ,this variety is much grown in ,europe on the quince1 and in the various fanciful forms ,europeans make use of in training fruit trees4 ,doyenn d',alenon is reported to be a wilding discovered by the ,abb ,malassis near ,alenon1 ,orne1 ,france1 and propagated by ,m4 ,thuillier1 a nurseryman at ,alenon4 ,there was1 however1 a pear of the same name and season found at ,orlans in #afbh1 in the orchard of ,le ,lectier1 the renowned pomologist4 ,it is probable that the pear which ,m4 ,thuillier propagated was the one found many years previously by ,le ,lectier4 ,the variety must have been introduced into ,america between #ahdj and #ahej1 as it was mentioned by the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahef as one of the promising new pears4 ,in #aheh1 the ,society added the variety to its fruit-catalog1 but discontinued recommending it in #ahig4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 upright1 dense-topped1 productive2 trunk thick1 shaggy2 branches stocky1 reddish-brown lightly covered with gray scarf-skin2 branchlets slender1 curved1 short1 with short internodes1 light brown1 with a faint reddish tinge1 smooth1 pubescent near the tips of the new growth1 with numerous small1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 sharply pointed1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars with prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/h in4 wide1 thin2 apex taper-pointed2 margin with few glands1 coarsely serrate2 petiole #b-e_/h in4 long1 glabrous1 with tinge of red1 slender4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on short spurs2 flowers early1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #e_/h in4 long1 lightly pubescent4 ,fruit ripe ,december to ,february2 #b-g_/h in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 medium in size1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical1 uniform2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 symmetrical1 often slightly lipped1 small2 calyx open1 large2 lobes not separated at the base1 broad1 narrow2 basin narrow1 abrupt1 smooth1 symmetrical2 skin very thick1 tough1 roughish2 color dull greenish-yellow1 with a faint orange blush on the exposed cheek1 marked with many brown and russet dots and netted with russet2 dots numerous1 small1 brownish-russet1 inconspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular at the center1 tender and melting1 juicy1 aromatic1 with a lively vinous flavor2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,doyenn ,,boussock ,,doyenn ,,boussock #a4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ca1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #baj4 #ahef4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gdb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,doyenne ,boussock ,nouvelle4 #d4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #adc4 #ahda4 ,beurr de ,mrode4 #e4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3ha1 ,pl4 #aheg4 ,doyenn de ,mrode4 #f4 ,pom4 ,france #b3 ,no4 #hf1 ,pl4 #hf4 #ahfd4 #h4 ,guide ,prat4 #fd1 #bff4 #ahgf4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #aga1 fig4 #hd4 #ahff-gc4 ,doyenn ,boussock4 #i4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eh1 fig4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efd4 #ahhd4 ,boussock4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahhc4 ,doppelte ,philippsbirne4 #ab4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bjd4 #ahhi4 #ac4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #cc1 ,pl4 #fa4 #ahid4 ,this old ,belgian pear is a leader in the second rank of commercial pears in this country4 ,if the fruits were better in quality and kept a little longer1 the variety would take rank among the best commercial pears1 for the fruits are handsome and the trees are nearly flawless4 ,as the color-plate shows1 there are few pears more attractive than this one1 but the briskly acid flavor is not pleasing to many1 and the fruits become soft at the center soon after ripening4 ,the pears are above medium in size and are sometimes large or very large4 ,the seeds are often abortive4 ,the trees are very large and vigorous1 as hardy as those of any other pear to cold1 less susceptible to blight than most of their orchard associates1 and are remarkable for their prominent buds and large1 thick1 glossy-green leaves1 which turn deep red in the autumn4 ,on some soils the trees do not hold their crop well1 and it is always best to plant them where there is some protection against heavy winds4 ,the trees are prodigious bearers1 and fruit regularly1 characters which make the variety desirable for local markets4 ,this pear is supposed to have been raised by ,van ,mons at the beginning of the nineteenth century4 ,it was placed on sale at ,brussels about #ahai4 ,the variety was first given the name ,doyenn de ,mrode in honor of the ,comt de ,mrode of ,waterloo1 ,belgium4 ,in #ahcf1 however1 the name was changed to ,doyenn ,boussock4 ,the catalog of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london shows that it was received in ,england in #ahdb4 ,william ,kenrick1 on his return from ,europe in the spring of #ahda1 brought the variety to ,america4 ,in #ahef the ,american ,pomological ,society added this pear to its fruit-list4 ,tree very large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 tall1 hardy1 productive2 trunk thick1 shaggy2 branches stocky1 shaggy1 grayish-brown2 branchlets long1 with long internodes1 light brown tinged with red1 overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few elongated1 raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 sharply pointed1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars with prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #c-a_/b in4 long1 #a-g_/h in4 wide1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin very finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds small1 long and narrow1 conical1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers early1 showy1 #a-e_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long1 thick1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in ,september2 large1 #c in4 long1 #b-c_/d in4 wide1 uniform1 obtuse-obovate-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem #a in4 long1 very thick2 cavity obtuse1 rather shallow1 broad1 often russeted1 furrowed1 lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 broad1 acute2 basin shallow1 wide1 obtuse1 gently furrowed and wrinkled2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth except for the russet nettings2 color pale yellow1 occasionally with a mottled pinkish-red blush on the exposed cheek1 more or less netted with russet2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh white1 tender and melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 briskly acid2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube very short1 wide1 broadly conical2 seeds black1 narrow1 long1 flattened1 often abortive4 ,illustration3 ,,doyenn ,,du ,,comice ,,doyenn ,,du ,,comice #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ah3afh1 fig4 #af4 #aheb4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3dg1 ,pl4 #ahfj4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahfb4 #d4 ,pom4 ,france #b3 ,no4 #eh1 ,pl4 #eh4 #ahfd4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #g1 fig4 #b4 #ahff-gc4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gdd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #g4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ag3ddj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efe4 #ahhd4 #aj4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ddg1 ,pl4 #aijh4 ,beurr ,robert4 #aa4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dah1 fig4 #ahfg4 #ab4 ,ibid4 #b3gge4 #ahfi4 ,comice4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahhc4 ,vereins ,dechantsbirne4 #ad4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bic4 #ahhi4 #ae4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #fh1 ,pl4 #cf4 #ahid4 #af4 ,deut4 ,obstsorten #e3 ,pt4 #ad1 ,pl4 #aiji4 ,this pear has been esteemed long and justly for the beauty and high quality of its fruits4 ,if its tree-characters were better the variety would take high place in commercial orcharding as well as for the home orchard1 to which it is now almost wholly confined4 ,the fruits are very large1 smooth except for russet markings1 clear handsome yellow at maturity1 sometimes brightened by a delicate blush1 with yellow1 fine-grained flesh which is tender1 melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 piquant1 perfumed4 ,the quality is so good that the fruits of this variety are called by many the best of all pears4 ,the list of faults for the trees is as long as the list of merits for the fruits4 ,the young trees make a poor growth in the nursery2 young or old1 the trees must be humored in soil1 climate1 and care2 they are subject to blight2 while usually productive1 they are not always so even where vigorous1 healthy1 and hardy2 lastly1 they are a little below the average in hardihood to cold4 ,the variety is seldom at home in ,new ,york1 but where it thrives1 as on the ,pacific slope1 it is a valuable commercial pear1 and is always worthy a place in the home orchard or in the collection of the pear-fancier4 ,in ,europe1 it is reported as doing especially well on the quince4 ,the parent tree of ,doyenn du ,comice was taken from the first seed bed made in the fruit-garden of the ,comice ,horticole1 ,angers1 ,department of ,maine-et-,loire1 ,france4 ,in ,november1 #ahdi1 it produced its first fruit1 which was at once so highly esteemed that it was named ,doyenn du ,comice4 ,it was placed on the market with unusual promptitude and rapidly distributed in foreign lands1 reaching ,america about #ahej4 ,the variety was recommended for general cultivation by the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahfb4 ,tree vigorous1 characteristically upright1 dense1 usually productive2 branches smooth1 dull gray mingled with greenish-brown1 marked with large lenticels2 branchlets long1 brown tinged with red1 glabrous1 with many small1 slightly raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 medium to long1 conical1 pointed1 nearly free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 oval1 leathery2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long4 ,flower-buds short1 conical1 free2 blossoms open late2 flowers #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 about #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 slender1 pubescent1 light green4 ,fruit ripe in late ,october and ,november2 large1 #c in4 long1 #b-c_/d in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform or roundish1 with unequal sides2 stem #a-a_/d in4 long1 very thick1 usually curved2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 russeted and wrinkled1 often with a fleshy ring around the base of the stem2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin medium to wide1 obtuse1 often furrowed2 skin tough and granular1 smooth except for the russet markings1 dull2 color clear yellow1 often with a very faint russet-red blush on the exposed cheek1 the surface heavily covered with large patches and nettings of attractive russet2 dots many1 very small1 dark brown1 obscure2 flesh tinged strongly with yellow1 fine-grained near the outside but granular toward the core1 melting1 tender1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet and vinous1 aromatic2 quality very good to best4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 rather plump1 acute1 often abortive4 ,illustration3 ,,duchesse ,d',,angoul,,me ,,duchesse ,d',,angoul,,me #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aga4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cha4 #ahde4 #c4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3ba1 ,pl4 #ahec4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahfb4 #e4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #ag1 ,pl4 #ag4 #ahfc4 #f4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #b1 #gi1 fig4 #acf4 #ahff-gc4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ih1 figs4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #bd3bf4 #ahgc4 #i4 ,guide ,prat4 #ei1 #bfg4 #ahgf4 #aj4 ,hist4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #ahbi-gh4 #bbd4 #ahhj4 #aa4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efi4 #ahhd4 ,duchess of ,angoulme4 #ab4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cga4 #ahca4 ,angouleme4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahhc4 ,herzogin von ,angoulme4 #ad4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #df1 ,pl4 #dc4 #ahid4 ,the fruits of ,duchesse d',angoulme excite admiration and wonder by their enormous size4 ,they may always be known by their great size1 squat pyriform shape1 and uneven knobby surfaces4 ,well grown1 the pears have other virtues than size1 as the flesh is buttery and melting with a rich and delicious flavor2 but poorly grown1 and on unfavorable soils1 the flesh is granular1 coarse-grained1 but half-melting and nearly devoid of the richness that characterizes the fruits in happier situations4 ,size shrinks also when poorly grown1 so that one may say that a small pear of this variety is seldom fit for dessert and too insipid for a good product in cookery4 ,the trees are vigorous1 hardy1 and healthy1 bear abundantly under favorable conditions1 and succeed either as a standard or a dwarf4 ,possibly it is best grown as a dwarf1 and in ,america at least is more often worked on the dwarfing quince than on the pear4 ,in fact1 this variety is the favorite dwarf-pear for garden and home orchard1 and commercial orchards of dwarfed trees of it are not uncommon4 ,on either stock1 the tree makes a beautiful1 symmetrical pyramid1 comes in bearing early1 and bears regularly4 ,this variety is more popular in ,new ,york than in any other part of ,america1 and while less planted than formerly1 is still regarded as a standard late autumn variety4 ,it is a particularly desirable sort for the pear-fancier4 ,the original tree of ,duchesse d',angoulme was a wilding growing in a garden near ,angers1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,france4 ,about #ahjh1 ,m4 ,audusson1 a nurseryman at ,angers1 appreciating the beauty and excellent quality of the pear1 obtained the right to propagate it4 ,in #ahab he began selling trees of the variety under the name of ,poire des ,eparonnais4 ,in #ahbj1 ,m4 ,audusson sent a basket of the fruit to the ,duchesse d',angoulme with a request for permission to name the pear in her honor1 a request which was granted4 ,at the exhibition of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society held in #ahcj1 ,samuel ,g4 ,perkins showed a specimen which measured eleven and three-tenths inches4 ,it was the only one that grew on the tree1 and was considered to be the first fruit of this variety produced in ,america4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,duchesse d',angoulme to its catalog-list of fruits in #ahfb4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense-topped1 slow-growing1 usually hardy1 productive2 trunk thick2 branches stocky1 shaggy1 zigzag1 dull reddish-brown overspread with scarf-skin1 marked with small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 short1 dull light brown1 streaked with gray scarf-skin1 smooth1 glabrous1 with many small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 nearly free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-e_/h in4 wide1 oval1 thick1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin marked with minute dark brown glands1 crenate or nearly entire2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly or in small clusters on short branches and spurs2 flowers #a-c_/h in4 across1 #g or #h buds in each cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 slender1 lightly pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit ripe ,october to ,november2 large1 often very large1 #d in4 long1 #c in4 wide1 uniform in size1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 with irregular and uneven surface and with sides often unequal2 stem frequently #a-a_/b in4 long1 very thick1 curved2 cavity acute1 deep1 furrowed1 irregular1 often lipped2 calyx partly open1 small2 lobes short1 narrow1 acute2 basin medium to deep1 abrupt1 furrowed and uneven1 often corrugated2 skin thick1 granular1 roughened with russet2 color dull yellow1 streaked1 spotted and netted with dull russet2 dots numerous1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh white1 firm becoming somewhat melting and quite tender when fully mature1 granular1 juicy1 sweet1 rich and delicious when fully mature2 quality good to very good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds small1 narrow1 flat1 acute1 very often abortive4 ,illustration3 ,,duchesse ,d',,orl,,ans ,,duchesse ,d',,orl,,ans #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #adc4 #ahda4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahfb4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gdi4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egj4 #ahhd4 ,duchess of ,orleans4 #e4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ia1 ,pl4 #ahea4 ,saint-,nicolas4 #f4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #cc1 ,pl4 #cc4 #ahfc4 #g4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cdc1 fig4 #aijf4 ,beurr de ,saint-,nicolas4 #h4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #acg1 fig4 #fg4 #ahff-gc4 #i4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dbf1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,butterbirne von ,saint-,nicolas4 #aj4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aia4 #ahhi4 ,in the middle of the last century this pear was heralded as one of the best of the ,french varieties which were then coming to this country in great numbers1 but it is now almost lost to cultivation4 ,while in no way remarkable1 the variety is too valuable to be discarded4 ,as the color-plate shows1 the fruits are prepossessing in appearance4 ,the pears are bright yellow1 with a brilliant cheek1 the whole fruit being more or less mottled with golden russet4 ,few pears are smoother of skin or more symmetrical in shape1 and the fruits are more uniform in size than those of most varieties4 ,the quality1 as well as the appearance1 is pleasing4 ,while the flesh is a little dry and not as rich in flavor as that of most other varieties of its season1 it is so crisp and refreshingly piquant in contrast to the sweeter1 buttery pears with which it ripens1 its season being just after that of ,bartlett1 that the variety finds favor with all who like pears4 ,the variety fails in its tree-characters4 ,thus1 the trees are late in coming in bearing2 are not very vigorous2 are somewhat tender to cold2 and do not resist blight well4 ,the variety has little value for commercial places1 but if the trees can be obtained1 is well worth planting in the home orchard4 ,this pear is a chance seedling found by ,m4 ,maurier near ,angers1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,france1 nearly a century ago4 ,it was propagated by ,m4 ,flon1 a nurseryman of ,angers and fruited first in #ahci4 ,in ,england and ,america the variety has been chiefly known as ,duchesse d',orlans1 but many ,french horticulturists have used the name ,saint-,nicolas4 ,the variety was added to the fruit-catalog list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahfb1 but was dropped from the list in #ahga4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 spreading1 moderately productive2 trunk slender1 shaggy2 branches medium in thickness and smoothness1 reddish-brown partly overspread with thin gray scarf-skin1 with few indistinct lenticels2 branchlets short1 with short internodes1 light brownish-red mingled with green and partly covered with thin1 gray scarf-skin1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous1 with conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds long1 narrow1 sharply pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide2 apex taper-pointed2 margin tipped with small1 brownish glands1 coarsely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long1 glabrous1 reddish-green4 ,flower-buds long1 conical1 sharply pointed1 free1 singly on numerous short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-c_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #g buds in a cluster1 the petals widely separated at the base2 pedicels #g_/af in4 long1 slender1 lightly pubescent4 ,fruit matures in late ,september and ,october2 medium in size1 #b-g_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem #a in4 long1 thick2 cavity lacking1 the flesh drawn up in a symmetrical fold about the stem2 calyx small1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acute2 basin very shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 smooth or slightly wrinkled2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth2 color yellow overlaid with a red blush1 faintly mottled with golden russet2 dots numerous1 whitish or russet1 conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 firm1 granular1 crisp1 juicy1 subacid2 quality good4 ,core small1 closed1 axile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 conical2 seeds long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,duhamel ,,du ,,monceau ,,duhamel ,,du ,,monceau #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aad1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app4 #adf1 fig4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aah4 #ahha4 ,duhamel's ,butterbirne4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bjg4 #ahhi4 ,duhamel4 #e4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bda4 #aijc4 ,the unattractive little fruits of this pear would have small value were it not for the fact that they are delicious in quality and come into edible condition late4 ,the fruits are of the type of those of ,winter ,nelis1 differing in shape somewhat1 but are even better in quality and keep longer4 ,the fruits are further distinguished by a musky taste and perfume1 which make them especially agreeable to those who like rich1 sweet1 perfumed pears4 ,the trees1 while in no characters remarkable1 are better than most of their orchard associates1 and far superior to the unmanageable trees of ,winter ,nelis with which this variety must compete4 ,after a probationary period of a half century in ,america1 ,duhamel du ,monceau has not found favor with commercial orchardists1 but pear fanciers value it for its delectable late-keeping fruits4 ,nurserymen find the trees rather difficult to grow4 ,duhamel du ,monceau was obtained from seed by ,andr ,leroy1 the eminent author and pomologist at ,angers1 ,france4 ,in naming the variety1 ,m4 ,leroy said that his purpose was to do honor to the memory of the illustrious professor who filled an important place in pomology1 and who1 in giving us the ,trait des arbres fruitiers published in #agfh1 rendered and still renders valuable services to horticulturists4 ,the original tree began to fruit in #ahfb and was cataloged by ,leroy in #ahfe4 ,the variety seems to have been described first in ,america by ,downing in #ahgf4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 dense1 hardy2 trunk stocky2 branches thick1 zigzag1 dull brownish-red1 covered with ash-gray scarf-skin1 marked with numerous large lenticels2 branchlets very thick1 short1 with short internodes1 brownish-red1 tinged with green1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous1 with many conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds long1 obtuse1 appressed2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-g_/h in4 wide1 long1 folded lengthwise with the margins curled under1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin entire or coarsely crenate2 petiole #b in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 blossoms open late2 flowers #a in4 across1 well distributed1 averaging #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-c_/af in4 long1 slender1 pubescent1 pale green4 ,fruit ripe ,october to ,november2 above medium in size1 #c-a_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/b in4 wide1 uniform in size1 roundish-pyriform or at times oblong-pyriform1 symmetrical1 with equal sides2 stem #a in4 long1 slightly curved1 thick2 cavity lacking1 the stem being attached to the smooth1 flat surface2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 obtuse or acute2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed1 small2 skin thin1 tender1 roughened by the russet skin1 dull2 color greenish-yellow overspread with solid russet1 or splashed1 spotted and sprinkled with russet1 the cheek often solid russet2 dots many1 small1 russet1 obscure because of the russet color1 slightly raised2 flesh yellowish-white1 granular especially around the core1 melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 vinous2 quality very good4 ,core variable in size1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds elongated-oval1 wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,early ,,harvest ,,early ,,harvest #a4 ,neb4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abi4 #ahij4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bdc4 #aijc4 ,chambers4 #c4 ,horticulturist #be3bfc1 fig4 #ahgj4 #d4 ,tilton ,jour4 ,hort4 #h3bic4 #ahgj4 #e4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aeg4 #ahgd4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cb4 #ahge4 #g4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #agd4 #ahha4 #h4 ,can4 ,hort4 #bf3acj4 #aijc4 #i4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #aea1 fig4 #aiad4 ,the fruits of ,early ,harvest are so poor in quality and rot at the core so soon after ripening1 that the variety is hardly worth growing in ,new ,york1 where there are many better pears of its season4 ,to offset these defects1 the pears are large and handsome for early fruits1 and the trees are healthy and regular and heavy bearers4 ,the pear is characterized by a thick1 fleshy stem and a large closed core4 ,nurserymen report that the tree is difficult to propagate1 and fruit-growers find that it is slow in coming in bearing2 the growth is usually straggling and difficult to manage in nursery or orchard4 ,the variety is more popular in the ,middle ,west than in any other part of the country4 ,this variety appears to have been brought to ,middletown1 ,kentucky1 from ,maryland by ,captain ,william ,chambers about #ahjj1 with several other varieties4 ,according to the rules of pomological nomenclature1 this pear should be called ,chambers as it was first known4 ,the name ,early ,harvest was given the variety by ,kentucky growers because of its extreme earliness1 and became so closely associated with the variety that today it is the only one with which the public is familiar4 ,in #ahge this variety was added to the fruit catalog-list of the ,american ,pomological ,society under the name ,chambers4 ,tree large1 very vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense-topped1 very hardy1 productive with age1 long-lived2 trunk very stocky1 shaggy2 branches thick1 shaggy1 zigzag1 dull reddish-brown mingled with green and heavily covered with grayish scarf-skin1 marked with numerous1 large1 elongated lenticels2 branchlets very thick1 straight1 long1 with long internodes1 dull olive-green mingled with light brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with numerous very conspicuous1 raised lenticels1 variable in size4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 obtuse1 appressed2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #c-a_/h in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide2 apex very abruptly pointed2 margin glandless1 varying from finely serrate to entire2 petiole #a-e_/h in4 long1 slender4 ,flowers open early1 showy1 #a-a_/h in4 across1 well distributed1 average #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 thinly pubescent4 ,fruit ripens in ,august2 large1 #c-a_/b in4 long1 #c in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem very thick1 fleshy at its juncture with the cavity2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 often slightly wrinkled and drawn up in fleshy folds around the base of the stem2 calyx small1 open2 lobes short1 obtuse2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 slightly wrinkled2 skin thin1 smooth2 color pale yellow1 more or less overspread on the exposed cheek with a pinkish blush1 with stripes of carmine2 dots numerous1 small1 greenish-russet1 obscure2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 granular1 crisp1 somewhat tough1 variable in juiciness2 quality poor4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube very long1 narrow2 seeds wide1 short1 plump1 obtuse4 ,illustration3 ,,easter ,,beurr ,,easter ,,beurr #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #b3gh1 ,pl4 #ahbi4 #b4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cig4 #ahca4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #afj4 #ahda4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dbe1 fig4 #aif4 #ahde4 #e4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #afh1 fig4 #ahde4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3gc4 #ahej4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aeg4 #ahed4 #h4 ,ibid4 #ff4 #ahfb4 #i4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gea1 fig4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egb4 #ahhd4 #aa4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #aei1 figs4 #aiad4 ,bergamote de la ,pentecte4 #ab4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3da1 ,pl4 #ahef4 ,doyenn d',hiver4 #ac4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3dc1 fig4 #bh4 #ahff-gc4 #ad4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gb1 fig4 #ahfi4 #ae4 ,guide ,prat4 #fa1 #bfe4 #ahgf4 ,beurr ,roupp4 #af4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3hg1 fig4 #bcf4 #ahgi4 ,winter ,dechantsbirne4 #ag4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cjj4 #ahhi4 #ah4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #ga1 ,pl4 #cd4 #ahid4 ,the fruit-books of ,europe have so much to say in praise of ,easter ,beurr that the variety has been tried time and time again in ,america1 but nearly always with unfavorable results4 ,the variety grows well only in comparatively warm climates and on light1 warm1 limy soils1 and refuses to ripen its crop in any others4 ,there are occasional places in eastern ,america where ,easter ,beurr can be well grown1 but for most part it is at home only on the ,pacific slope4 ,the fruits are of first rate excellence when at their best1 and add much to the winter supply of pears1 the product of few other winter pears surpassing that of this sort from ,january to ,march in regions where it does well4 ,the pears are excellent shippers1 keep well in common or cold storage1 so that where the variety succeeds it is valuable for home1 and distant and foreign markets4 ,the trees are in every way satisfactory except that they bloom a little earlier than other sorts1 and are somewhat more susceptible to the scab fungus in both fruit and foliage than a commercial variety should be4 ,although a little too susceptible to blight1 the trees are above the average in immunity1 and are hardy1 vigorous1 and productive4 ,the variety is well worth planting in soils and climates where the crop matures properly4 ,in the gardens of the ,capucin ,monastery at ,louvain1 ,belgium1 there was1 about #ahbc1 an old pear tree known to the monks as the ,pastorale de ,louvain1 which attracted the attention of ,van ,mons4 ,he propagated the pear and in due course distributed it4 ,by the year #ahec1 it was to be found pretty generally in the gardens of ,belgium under the name of ,pastorale4 ,since that time it has been very widely disseminated1 but unfortunately has received a confusing variety of names1 ,leroy mentioning twenty-four and ,mathieu fifty-five4 ,the leading authorities1 however1 of ,england and this country have uniformly adopted the name ,easter ,beurr4 ,it was received in the former country soon after its first dissemination1 and it was brought to this country not later than #ahcg4 ,since #ahfb1 ,easter ,beurr has appeared in the list of pears recommended for general cultivation by the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 slow-growing1 hardy2 branches reddish-brown overspread with gray scarf-skin1 sprinkled with inconspicuous lenticels2 branchlets variable in length1 with short internodes1 greenish-brown mingled with red1 rough1 glabrous1 with small1 round1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 very short1 obtuse1 free4 ,leaves #b-a_/h in4 long1 #a-a_/h in4 wide1 thin2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin finely serrate1 the teeth very short1 tipped with red2 petiole #b in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers #a-a_/d in4 across1 occasionally tinged with pink in the bud1 becoming white when open1 well distributed1 average #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #c_/d in4 long1 slender1 pubescent4 ,fruit in season late ,december to ,february2 #c in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 obovate-pyriform1 with a short1 thick neck2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 woody2 cavity acute1 very deep1 narrow1 furrowed1 uneven1 compressed2 calyx open2 lobes narrow1 acute2 basin deep1 narrow1 abrupt1 furrowed and wrinkled2 skin thick1 tough1 roughened by the dots1 the surface uneven2 color yellow1 marked with many russet dots and with patches and veinings of russet1 often with a dull brownish-red blush2 dots numerous1 small1 very conspicuous1 russet2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular near the center and toward the calyx1 tender and melting1 juicy1 buttery1 sweet1 with a rich1 pleasant flavor1 very aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,elizabeth ,,elizabeth #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3eg4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ac3fc1 fig4 #f4 #ahdg4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3abf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bc4 #ahig4 ,manning's ,elizabeth4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #che4 #ahde4 #f4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3da1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bca4 #ahed4 #h4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #haj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,elizabeth de ,manning4 #i4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3aje1 fig4 #ea4 #ahff-gc4 #aj4 ,guide ,prat4 #ic1 #bfi4 #ahgf4 ,nina4 #aa4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbc4 #ahhd4 #ab4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #beh4 #ahhi4 ,elizabeth is among the best summer pears for eastern ,america1 either for home consumption or for the markets4 ,the characters which commend it are3 handsome1 well-flavored fruits2 and vigorous1 hardy1 productive trees1 which are as resistant to blight as those of any other ,european pear1 and which come in bearing early and bear annually4 ,faults are3 the fruits are small1 a fault that can be overcome somewhat by thinning2 they are a little coarse in texture of flesh1 which is a little too gritty2 and the flavor1 while good for an early pear1 is not as sweet and rich as might be desired4 ,the trees are nearly flawless1 failing1 if at all1 in not attaining as great size as some other inhabitants of pear orchards4 ,the crop is often borne in clusters--a defect by reason of which the fruits are so often small4 ,but even with these defects1 we must end as we began with the statement that this is one of the best summer pears4 ,in the year #ahai1 ,van ,mons established his famous nursery at ,louvain1 ,belgium1 and in the years #ahcj and #ahca he sent from there two consignments of pear cions to the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society1 both of which were unfortunately lost in turn on the way4 ,three years later1 ,kenrick1 ,manning1 and ,dearborn1 ,massachusetts horticulturists1 requested him to forward another collection4 ,in the successive springs of #ahce and #ahcf1 he sent two more collections which safely arrived in due course1 though a large proportion of the cions died4 ,these collections comprised originally about #aej named and #ajj seedling unnamed varieties1 and ,van ,mons granted ,manning permission to name any of the latter that might prove worthy of cultivation4 ,no4 #aed of these1 ,mr4 ,manning#bh named ,elizabeth 7,van ,mons74 ,later on it was disseminated as ,manning's ,elizabeth1 and soon after the name was shortened to i4 ,the variety was placed in the fruit-list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahed4 ,tree small1 upright1 dense-topped1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk slender2 branches brownish-green1 partly overspread with thin1 gray scarf-skin1 marked by conspicuous1 oval lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long1 reddish-brown mingled with green1 new growth exceptionally red1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous except on the younger wood1 with obscure1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 stiff2 apex variable2 margin almost entire2 petiole #b in4 long1 slender1 reddish-green2 stipules very small and slender when present4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers early1 showy1 #a-e_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 lightly pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,august2 small1 #b-c_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/b in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical1 uniform2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity acuminate1 shallow1 narrow1 symmetrical1 often lipped2 calyx large1 almost closed2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed and wrinkled2 skin tough1 characteristically rough1 glossy2 color bright yellow1 with a lively1 red cheek1 mottled with brownish1 minute specks2 dots numerous1 very small1 conspicuous1 russet or brown2 flesh tinged with yellow1 slightly granular under the skin1 strongly granular at the center1 tender and melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 vinous1 aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,flemish ,,beauty ,,flemish ,,beauty #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #c3abh1 ,pl4 #ahcj4 #b4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cgc4 #ahca4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #chf1 fig4 #afg4 #ahde4 #d4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #ea4 #ahdh4 #e4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ea1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egh4 #ahhd4 ,belle de ,flanders4 #h4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #agb4 #ahcb4 ,fondante des ,bois4 #i4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3da1 ,pl4 #aheh4 #aj4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #be1 ,pl4 #be1 #ahfc4 #aa4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #b1 #ee1 fig4 #abd4 #ahff-gc4 #ab4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aff1 fig4 #ahfi4 #ac4 ,guide ,prat4 #eh1 #bgb4 #ahgf4 #ad4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #dab1 fig4 #aijd4 ,holzfarbige ,butterbirne4 #ae4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bce4 #ahhi4 #af4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #di1 ,pl4 #ch4 #ahid4 ,at one time ,flemish ,beauty was a leading commercial variety in the pear regions of eastern ,america1 but it has been supplanted by other varieties because the toll of blighted trees is too great1 and the fruits are too often disfigured by the scab fungus4 ,perhaps the latter is the greater fault as in some seasons no applications of spray give the pears a clean cheek1 and they are blackened1 scabbed1 cracked and malformed with this fungus4 ,not infrequently the scab-infected foliage drops before the crop matures4 ,to offset these defects1 the trees have to their credit great vigor1 unusual fruitfulness and as great hardihood to cold as those of any other variety4 ,the trees do not come in bearing early1 and are not suitable for dwarfing as they overgrow the quince stock4 ,the fruits are nearly perfect if scab-free and properly matured4 ,to make sure of perfect maturity1 the pears must be picked as soon as they attain full size and be permitted to ripen under cover4 ,so treated1 a bright-cheeked ,flemish ,beauty is as handsome as any pear1 and is almost unapproachable in quality2 the flavor is nicely balanced between sweetness and sourness1 very rich1 and has a pleasing muskiness4 ,blight and scab condemn tree and fruit for commercial orchards1 but a lover of good pears should combat these troubles for the sake of the choice fruits4 ,the parent tree of this variety is said to have been a wilding found in a wood near ,alost1 ,east ,flanders1 ,belgium1 about the beginning of the nineteenth century4 ,it was cultivated under the ,flemish name of ,bosc ,per or ,pear of the ,woods4 ,about #ahaj1 the propagation of the variety was taken up by ,van ,mons who introduced it a few years later under the name ,fondante des ,bois by which name it was known in ,europe for many years4 ,lindley1 writing in #ahca1 described this variety under the name ,flemish ,beauty1 and it appeared then to be in pretty general cultivation in ,england4 ,styling it ,barnard1 ,hovey wrote1 in #ahea1 that ,flemish ,beauty had been known in ,dorchester1 ,massachusetts1 for nearly twenty years1 so that it is to be inferred that the variety was introduced to this country prior to #ahcj and possibly by some one by the name of ,barnard4 ,the rapid distribution of this pear was promoted by ,van ,mons who gave numerous grafts of it to his friends and correspondents4 ,the fact that the variety has over sixty synonyms may be taken as some testimony to its popularity and excellence4 ,at the first meeting of the ,american ,pomological ,society held in #ahdh1 ,flemish ,beauty was placed in the list of pears recommended for general cultivation1 a place it has since retained4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 spreading1 with drooping branches1 hardy1 productive2 trunk smooth2 branches thick1 shaggy1 bright reddish-brown1 with dull gray scarf-skin1 large lenticels2 branchlets thick1 short1 with short internodes1 reddish-brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with many large1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 long1 obtuse1 pointed1 nearly free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #c-a_/b in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 oval1 thick1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long1 usually slender4 ,flower-buds very large1 long1 conical or pointed1 very plump1 free2 flowers #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 usually #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/d in4 long1 slender1 slightly pubescent1 light green4 ,fruit ripe in late ,september and early ,october2 large1 nearly #b-c_/d in4 long1 #b-a_/b in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 roundish or obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical1 with nearly equal sides2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long1 thick2 cavity acute1 shallow to deep1 narrow1 slightly russeted1 a little furrowed2 calyx open2 lobes partly separated at the base1 short1 obtuse2 basin shallow1 narrow1 abrupt1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tough1 roughish1 dull2 color clear yellow1 overspread on the exposed cheek with a dotted and marbled red blush2 dots numerous1 russet1 small1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 becoming melting and tender1 granular1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic1 with a slight musky flavor2 quality very good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds rather long1 plump1 acute4 ,,fondante ,,de ,,no,l #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ba3bfg1 fig4 #i4 #ahee4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3fg1 ,pl4 #ahei4 #c4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #ad1 ,pl4 #ad4 #ahfc4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3fe1 fig4 #ci4 #ahff-gc4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfd4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehj4 #ahhd4 ,belle aprs ,nol4 #g4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dei4 #ahee4 ,weihnachtsbirne4 #h4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fb4 #ahef4 #i4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bif4 #ahhi4 ,belle de ,nol4 #aj4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bji1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,it is doubtful whether this rather rare ,european pear can be purchased from ,american nurserymen now1 but possibly it may be had1 and at least it could be re-propagated from old trees4 ,the fruit is distinguished by its trim1 top-shaped form and handsome coat1 usually enlivened with a dull color on the sunny side4 ,the flesh1 while gritty near the core1 is tender1 juicy1 buttery1 very rich1 sweet1 and aromatic4 ,it is just the pear for those who prefer sweetness to vinousness or piquancy1 and who object to even a trace of astringency4 ,the trees1 while only medium in size1 are vigorous1 hardy1 healthy1 and productive4 ,if the variety grows elsewhere as well as it does on the grounds of the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station it is too good to be lost4 ,the fruits are in season and at their best for ,christmas4 ,this pear was raised from seed by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,belgium4 ,the tree fruited first in #ahdb and was given the name ,fondante de ,nol to indicate the day on which it was tasted for the first time4 ,in #ahfb a pear called ,souvenir d',espren1 attributed to seed grown by ,berckmans1 a noted ,belgian horticulturist living in the ,united ,states1 was put forth1 but after examination there did not appear to be any difference in either the fruit or the wood of this tree from that of the variety grown by ,major ,espren4 ,because the name ,souvenir d',espren appears in connection with ,fondante de ,nol1 the variety has been confused with another pear which was raised by ,major ,espren and named ,souvenir d',espren4 ,the two1 however1 are entirely distinct and the last-named sort has long been known and is still found growing in certain pear orchards of the eastern ,united ,states4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 upright1 hardy1 productive2 trunk thick1 smooth2 branches brownish-green1 nearly covered with gray scarf-skin2 branchlets slender1 with long internodes1 smooth1 glabrous1 marked with conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 long1 conical1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #c-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandless1 finely serrate2 petiole #b-g_/h in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/b in4 across1 white often tinged pink on the edges of the petals1 average #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long4 ,fruit matures ,december to ,january2 large1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b-c_/d in4 wide1 roundish-turbinate1 irregular2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 woody1 obliquely set2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 furrowed1 often lipped2 calyx small1 nearly closed2 basin narrow1 obtuse1 furrowed2 skin roughened by russet dots and patches2 color dull greenish-yellow1 with many dots1 flecks and patches of russet1 often with a faint trace of brownish-red on the sunny side2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 rather conspicuous2 flesh white1 gritty only near the core1 tender1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 highly aromatic2 quality good to very good2 core large1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide2 seeds large1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,fontenay ,,fontenay #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ch4 #ahhc4 ,jalousie de ,fontenay ,vende4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cif1 fig4 #agc4 #ahde4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahfb4 ,belle de ,esquermes4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3ace4 #ahed4 ,jalousie de ,fontenay4 #e4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #dd1 ,pl4 #dd4 #ahfc4 #f4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjc4 #ahff4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #b1 #aeg1 fig4 #age4 #ahff-gc4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bie1 fig4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,guide ,prat4 #fd1 #bha4 #ahgf4 ,birn von ,fontenay4 #aj4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bae4 #ahhi4 #aa4 ,lucas ,tafelbirnen #hg1 fig4 #ahid4 ,the reader will discover no noteworthy characters in the description of this pear2 nor does the accompanying illustration make the variety particularly alluring1 although the color-plate scarcely does the fruits justice in either size or color4 ,the variety is to be found in many old orchards in eastern ,america1 but was long since relegated by pear-growers to the limbo of nurserymen's catalogs4 ,the only reason for giving it a place in ,the ,pears of ,new ,york is that the variety was once prominent1 and references to it and comparisons with it are so common in horticultural literature that pear-growers are certain to want to know something about it4 ,as the following description shows1 the variety is but mediocre in tree and fruit4 ,early in the eighteenth century ,m4 ,lvque1 an architect1 acquired possession of an estate near ,fontenay1 ,france4 ,a number of pear seedlings were growing upon this property1 one of which was so good as to attract ,m4 ,lvque's attention and he began propagating it in #ahbh4 ,later he distributed cions of the variety to his friends under the name ,poire de ,fontenay4 ,soon afterward the name was changed to ,jalousie de ,fontenay1 ,leroy took the variety to the garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers about #ahce1 from which place it was still more widely disseminated4 ,it soon found its way to ,america where it gained early popularity4 ,in #ahfb the ,american ,pomological ,society listed this variety in its fruit-catalog under the name ,jalousie de ,fontenay1 but shortened the name1 in #ahhc1 to ,fontenay4 ,in #ahii1 however1 the name disappeared from this catalog and has never been replaced4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright1 dense-topped1 hardy2 trunk slender1 smooth2 branches slender1 brown mingled with green1 partly covered with thin1 gray scarf-skin2 branchlets thick1 long1 with short internodes1 light brownish-green1 faintly tinged with red1 dull1 the new growth pubescent near the ends1 smooth1 with numerous1 conspicuous1 small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds very small1 short1 sharply pointed1 free2 leaf-scars with large1 prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 very thick2 apex taper-pointed2 margin almost glandless1 finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long1 variable in size1 glabrous2 stipules very slender1 tinged red4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers late1 showy1 #a-c_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #e_/h in4 long1 lightly pubescent4 ,fruit matures in ,october2 small1 #b-e_/h in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 oblong-acute-pyriform1 symmetrical1 with equal sides2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 curved2 cavity lacking1 the flesh folded around the base of the stem1 often lipped2 calyx partly open2 lobes broad1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 slightly wrinkled1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tough1 smooth2 color dull yellowish-green1 netted and patched with russet1 with a tinge of red on the exposed cheek2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 flesh strongly granular at the center1 tender and melting1 very juicy1 subacid2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 narrow1 funnel-shaped2 carpels emarginate2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,,forelle #a4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #e3djh1 ,pl4 ,,xvii4 #ahbd4 #b4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #c3aab1 ,pl4 #ahcj4 #c4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cii1 #ahca4 #d4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3acj4 #ahca4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #chi1 fig4 #afi4 #ahde4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3cci1 fig4 #bg4 #ahdg4 #g4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfe4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ahc1 figs4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aae1 fig4 #eh4 #ahgb4 ,forellenbirne4 #aj4 ,christ ,handb4 #ead4 #ahag4 #aa4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ab4 #ahef4 #ab4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #bc1 ,pl4 #bc4 #ahhb4 ,florelle4 #ac4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #ac4 #ahbh4 ,trout ,pear4 #ad4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #hjd1 fig4 #ahdf4 ,the pear fancier prizes ,forelle for its singularly handsome and distinctive fruits1 which are also of very good quality4 ,forelle pleases the eye as well as any pear for bright colors1 and is distinguished among fruits of its kind by its trout-like specklings from which comes the name ,forelle1 the ,german name for trout4 ,looks do not belie taste for the flesh is delicate and buttery1 is highly flavored1 and satisfies those who regard high quality a prime requisite in a pear4 ,the trees are very satisfactory in warm soils and exposures1 but fail in heavy clays and cold climates4 ,the variety is worth growing for its beautiful and distinctive fruits4 ,nothing is very certainly known of the origin of this pear1 but it seems highly probable that it had its birth in northern ,saxony at the beginning of the eighteenth century4 ,from ,germany it was taken to ,flanders1 and from there introduced into ,england4 ,in the latter country1 it was first fruited by ,thomas ,andrew ,knight1 ,president of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london1 who1 in #ahbc1 sent cions to the ,honorable ,john ,lowell1 ,president of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,forelle became quite widely disseminated in the eastern ,united ,states during the first half of the eighteenth century1 and was considered by many pomologists a pear of merit4 ,at the present time1 however1 the variety has almost disappeared from cultivation4 ,its place has been filled by ,vermont ,beauty1 a pear introduced from ,vermont more than forty years ago4 ,it is not improbable that these two varieties are identical4 ,vermont ,beauty may be the old ,german pear renamed4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright1 very hardy and very productive2 branches few1 dark brownish-red1 sprinkled with numerous lenticels2 branchlets long1 pubescent on the youngest shoots4 ,leaves small1 flat1 roundish-ovate2 flowers open early4 ,fruit ripens ,november to ,december2 medium in size1 #c in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 with a neck variable in length2 stem #a in4 long1 slender2 cavity shallow1 oblique1 narrow1 often lipped2 calyx small1 open2 lobes broad2 basin shallow1 narrow1 abrupt2 skin smooth2 color yellow1 more or less overlaid with red1 deepening to rich crimson next to the sun1 profusely covered with grayish-russet dots which are margined or rayed with crimson2 dots numerous1 large and small1 russet or grayish2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 although slightly granular at the center1 melting1 buttery1 juicy1 aromatic1 with a rich1 vinous flavor2 quality good4 ,core medium in size2 seeds nearly black1 of medium size4 ,,fox #a4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bde4 #aijc4 #b4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3abc4 #aijh4 ,b4 ,s4 ,fox4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app4 #aed4 #ahgf4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #db1 fig4 #ahgg4 #e4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bb3cfi4 #ahhj4 #f4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #agj4 #ahhc4 ,fox seems to have failed in the pear-growing regions of ,america1 in spite of its having several excellent characters in both fruit and tree4 ,the fruits are not quite attractive enough to sell on the markets or to grace the table of the amateur1 their rough1 russet skins detracting greatly from their appearance4 ,when the skin is removed1 however1 a better late fall pear cannot be found4 ,the flesh is white1 fine in texture1 very juicy1 melting1 and has a brisk1 vinous flavor and a pleasant aromatic smell and taste that at once place the quality very high4 ,the trees are but mediocre in the prime characters of a good orchard plant1 and condemn the variety for any purpose other than the collector's plantation4 ,fox is one of many seedlings originated by ,b4 ,s4 ,fox1#bi ,san ,jos1 ,california4 ,most of these seedlings were raised from seed of ,belle ,lucrative and ,fox is among this number4 ,the exact date of origin cannot be determined1 but it is assumed to have been in the early seventies4 ,the variety is considered to be one of the best of ,fox's seedlings4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 upright-spreading1 round-topped1 moderately productive2 trunk slender2 branches stocky1 smooth1 greenish-brown overspread with grayish scarf-skin2 branchlets thick1 short1 with short internodes1 zigzag1 glabrous1 sprinkled with small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds long1 obtuse1 pointed1 free4 ,leaves #b-a_/h in4 long1 #a-a_/d in4 wide1 thick2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin nearly entire to finely serrate4 ,flower-buds conical1 pointed1 free2 flowers open early4 ,fruit ripens ,october to ,november2 large1 #c-a_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 oblong-obovate-pyriform2 stem #a-a_/b in4 long1 very thick1 curved1 obliquely set2 cavity very shallow or lacking1 the flesh folded up around the base of the stem2 calyx closed or slightly open1 variable in size2 lobes much separated at the base1 short1 broad1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 very small1 furrowed and compressed2 skin thick1 granular1 tough1 roughened by the russet dots2 color russet-yellow1 often with a russet-red blush on the side next to the sun1 almost entirely overspread with russet2 dots numerous1 conspicuous1 russet2 flesh white1 granular near the core1 melting1 very juicy1 sweet mingled with a brisk1 vinous flavor1 richly aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed2 calyx-tube short1 wide2 seeds wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,frederick ,,clapp ,,frederick ,,clapp #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app4 #adh1 fig4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 ,pt4 ,,ii1 #id4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cd4 #ahgg4 #d4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bde4 #aijc4 ,clapp ,no4 #bb4 #e4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ij4 #ahgb4 #f4 ,ibid4 ,pt4 ,,ii1 #aec4 #ahgd4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ch1 #ff1 #aai4 #ahge4 ,frederick ,clapp has a place on the pear list1 because it is one of the few good varieties with acidulous fruits4 ,the refreshing1 piquant flavor1 the tender1 melting1 very juicy flesh1 and the bright lemon-yellow color with only a trace of red give sufficient charm and character to the fruits to make the variety desirable in every collection of good pears4 ,the fruits come in season with those of ,beurr ,superfin1 and surpass them in quality at least4 ,the trees are vigorous and healthy and form open1 shapely1 wide-spreading heads that commend them for orchard management4 ,they grow with rapidity and vigor1 come in bearing early1 and are unusually fruitful4 ,the variety is seldom planted in commercial orchards1 but it has a welcome place in every home orchard fortunate enough to have it4 ,this pear was raised about #ahgj by ,lemuel ,clapp1 ,dorchester1 ,massachusetts1 brother of ,frederick and ,thaddeus ,clapp1 all of whom were the producers of large numbers of pear seedlings1 several of which have been named4 ,in all probability this variety is a cross between ,urbaniste and ,beurr ,superfin4 ,at various exhibitions and meetings of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in the years #ahgb1 #ahgd1 #ahge1 and #ahgf it was shown and favorably reported on1 and in #ahge received high praise in a report of the ,massachusetts ,state ,fruit ,committee to the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,in #ahgg the latter ,society added ,frederick ,clapp to its list of fruits recommended for general cultivation4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 with open top1 hardy2 trunk thick1 shaggy2 branches stocky1 shaggy1 zigzag1 dull reddish-brown1 overspread with thick ash-gray scarf-skin1 marked with many small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 dull reddish-brown1 tinged with green1 smooth except for the lenticels1 glabrous1 with many small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical or pointed1 plump1 usually free4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 ovate1 stiff2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate1 tipped with very fine1 sharp-pointed1 reddish-brown glands2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 slender1 glabrous4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free2 flowers cup-shaped1 often with a disagreeable odor1 #a in4 wide1 averaging #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 thick1 pubescent1 pale green4 ,fruit ripe in ,october2 medium in size1 more than #b in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 variable in size1 roundish or obovate1 irregular in shape2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick2 cavity variable in outline and smoothness1 often with a fleshy fold drawn up around the base of the stem2 calyx open2 lobes short1 broad1 obtuse2 basin deep1 wide1 abrupt1 usually smooth1 symmetrical2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth2 color lemon-yellow1 often marked with flecks and mottlings of russet2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 flesh with a very faint tinge of yellow1 fine1 tender1 melting1 characteristically juicy1 sweet1 with a rich sprightliness2 quality very good4 ,core closed1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube very short1 wide1 broadly conical2 carpels obovate2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,gansel ,,seckel ,,gansel ,,seckel #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ejb4 #aheg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ggj4 #ahfi4 ,gansel-,seckle4 #c4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #bj3cj1 fig4 #ahga4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehe4 #ahhd4 #e4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #crd ,ser4 #bc3dfd4 #ahia4 #f4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #agg4 #aibj4 ,there are no good reasons why this pear should be grown1 it having received much more attention than it deserves during the half century it has been in ,america4 ,perhaps it suffices to say that the fruits and trees are in no way equal1 except in size of fruit1 to those of ,seckel1 with which variety it would compete1 although the crop ripens a little later4 ,while the pears are larger than those of ,seckel1 the yield is not as great as the trees do not bear as regularly1 nor abundantly4 ,the fruits are not as well flavored1 nor as attractively colored4 ,the variety is still offered by many nurserymen1 most of whom1 however1 condemn it with faint praise4 ,according to ,bunyard1 ,gansel ,seckel was raised from seed a century ago by a ,mr4 ,williams of ,pitmaston1 ,worcester1 ,england4 ,it was obtained by crossing ,seckel with ,gansel ,bergamot1 whence its name4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 upright-spreading1 variable in yield2 branches slender1 zigzag1 sprinkled with numerous lenticels2 branchlets thick1 light reddish-brown mingled with green1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 roundish1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #b-a_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide2 apex taper-pointed2 margin tipped with few reddish glands1 coarsely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free2 flowers open early1 #a-a_/d in4 across2 pedicels #a_/b in4 long4 ,fruit ripens in late ,october and ,november2 small to medium1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 irregular1 oblate-pyriform2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 stout2 cavity variable in width1 shallow1 irregular2 calyx small1 closed2 lobes erect1 acute2 basin variable in width1 deep2 skin roughened with russet1 uneven2 color pale yellow1 overspread with thin cinnamon-russet1 sometimes faintly blushed on the exposed cheek2 dots distinct1 cinnamon-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 melting1 buttery1 juicy1 highly aromatic1 with a rich perfume1 sweet1 but without the spicy flavor of the ,seckel2 quality very good4 ,,garber #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahia4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bdg4 #aijc4 #c4 ,chico ,nur4 ,cat4 #ab4 #aijd4 #d4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dha4 #aiac4 ,garber's ,hybrid4 #e4 ,black ,cult4 ,peach and ,pear #bbi1 #bdb4 #ahhf4 #f4 ,harcourt ,fla4 ,fruits #bee4 #ahhf4 #g4 ,hood ,cat4 #be4 #aije4 ,a few trivial differences separate ,garber from ,kieffer--the fruits of both are poor4 ,the pears ripen a week or two earlier than those of ,kieffer1 are a little rounder1 flatter at the ends1 and some say are a little better in quality--certainly they are no worse to eat out of hand4 ,the tree is hardy to heat and cold1 and is much planted in the southern states1 and in the ,mississippi ,valley1 ,north and ,south4 ,the variety might be sparingly planted in ,new ,york as an ornamental4 ,garber is one of many seedlings of the ,chinese ,sand pear1 raised by ,j4 ,b4 ,garber1 ,columbia1 ,pennsylvania1 sometime previous to #ahhj4 ,it is supposed to be of hybrid origin4 ,the variety was added to the ,american ,pomological ,society's list of recommended fruits in #ahia where it has since remained4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 hardy1 productive with age2 branches smooth1 zigzag1 reddish-brown partly covered with grayish scarf-skin2 branchlets thick1 with long internodes1 smooth1 glabrous1 sprinkled with small1 round1 very conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed and with curved tips1 appressed4 ,leaves #c-a_/b in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 thick2 apex taper-pointed2 margin with very minute and reddish tips1 finely serrate2 petiole #b-a_/d in4 long1 thick4 ,flower-buds small1 conical1 sharply pointed1 free4 ,fruit ripe ,september to ,october2 large1 usually roundish-oblong and tapering toward both ends2 stem #a in4 long1 stout1 obliquely set2 cavity small1 narrow1 often deep and furrowed2 calyx variable in size1 partly open2 lobes slender2 basin broad1 abrupt1 deep1 furrowed2 color pale yellow1 often with a brownish-red blush on the exposed cheek2 dots small1 numerous1 russet2 flesh white1 granular1 crisp but tender1 juicy1 neither sweet nor sour but with a peculiar1 pleasant flavor2 quality inferior4 ,illustration3 ,,glou ,,morceau ,,glou ,,morceau #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ba3adc4 #ahee4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ejc4 #aheg4 #c4 ,ibid4 #ggc4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehf4 #ahhd4 #e4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #crd ,ser4 #ad3bjc4 #ahhg4 #f4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #agh4 #aibj4 ,gloux ,morceau4 #g4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #bnd ,app4 #e3f4 #ahbd4 #h4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aid4 #ahcb4 ,hardenpont's ,winter ,butterbirne4 #i4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #ajd4 #ahbe4 #aj4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ii4 #ahef4 #aa4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #aa1 ,pl4 #aa4 #ahhb4 #ab4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bca4 #ahhi4 ,glout ,morceau4 #ac4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #djj4 #ahca4 #ad4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #gaf1 fig4 #a4 #ahdd4 #ae4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dcg1 fig4 #bja4 #ahde4 #af4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3e1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #ag4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cbe4 #ahed4 #ah4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahfb4 ,beurr d',hardenpont4 #ai4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #ab1 ,pl4 #ab4 #ahfc4 #bj4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3e1 fig4 i4 #ahff-gc4 #ba4 ,guide ,prat4 #fj1 #bdf4 #ahgf4 #bb4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #cgj1 fig4 #aijd4 ,beurr d',arenberg4 #bc4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cja1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this old winter pear is nearly lost to cultivation1 but is worth growing because of the high quality of the fruit and because the pear comes in season in early winter when there are few others4 ,the pears are not attractively colored1 although in this character the illustration does not do the fruit justice4 ,the fruits are rich and sugary without the least trace of acid1 but when poorly grown are often astringent4 ,all agree that the quality is better in fruit from dwarf trees in which form the variety grows very well2 and that it is better1 also1 when grown on heavy soils than on light ones4 ,the fruits keep and ship remarkably well4 ,the trees are neither very large nor vigorous1 but are usually productive4 ,the variety is in disrepute in many localities because the crop does not always ripen well4 ,the ,abb of ,mons1 ,m4 ,hardenpont1 a pioneer in pear-raising and a worthy forerunner of ,van ,mons1 raised this pear from seed about #agej in his garden at ,mons1 ,belgium4 ,the variety was introduced into ,france in #ahjf by ,louis ,noisette1 who had found it in the gardens of the ,duc d',arenberg4 ,in ,france it was known1 therefore1 as ,beurr d',arenberg1 and consequently became much confused with the true ,beurr d',arenberg raised by ,monseigneur ,deschamps4 ,in order to overcome this confusion the name of the variety raised by ,m4 ,hardenpont was changed by a number of prominent ,frenchmen to ,beurr d',hardenpont1 but the variety has always been grown under both names in ,france4 ,in #ahbj1 ,m4 ,parmentier of ,enghien1 ,belgium1 sent this pear to ,england under the name ,glou ,morceau4 7,glou1 in the ,walloon language1 meaning delicious or dainty2 morceau1 ,french1 morsel or bit2 hence1 the translation may be ,delicious ,morsel or ,dainty ,bit47 ,glou ,morceau has long been the popular name of the variety in ,england and ,america although1 as ,bunyard says1 ,it is regrettable that the memory of the pioneer of ,pear raising1 l',abb ,hardenpont1 is not commemorated in this fruit4 ,glou ,morceau was brought to ,america within a few years after its introduction in ,england and rapidly found favor here as attested by leading ,american pomologists4 ,in #ahfb the ,american ,pomological ,society added the variety to its catalog-list of fruits under the name ,glou ,morceau as it has since remained4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 spreading1 dense-topped1 rapid-growing1 productive2 trunk stocky2 branches thick1 reddish-brown1 nearly covered with gray scarf-skin1 marked with numerous large lenticels2 branchlets slender1 short1 light greenish-brown1 overspread with gray scarf-skin1 smooth1 glabrous1 with numerous1 small1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 very short1 pointed1 plump1 appressed4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 thick1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin occasionally with very few1 small glands1 coarsely or finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long1 thick1 glabrous1 greenish4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers late1 showy1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #h to #aa buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit matures ,november to ,december2 large1 #c-a_/h in4 long1 #b-c_/d in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 irregular1 sides unequal1 somewhat ribbed2 stem #g_/h in4 long1 thick and woody1 curved2 cavity deep1 narrow1 russeted1 deeply furrowed1 compressed1 lipped2 calyx open2 lobes long1 narrow1 acute2 basin deep1 smooth1 broadly furrowed2 skin tender1 very gritty1 dull1 roughened by russet2 color pale greenish-yellow1 covered with large and small patches and mottlings of light russet2 dots numerous1 small1 conspicuous1 light russet2 flesh tinged with yellow1 fine-grained except near the core and under the skin1 tender1 buttery1 sweet1 with a rich1 pleasant1 aromatic flavor1 astringent near the skin2 quality good to very good4 ,core closed1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 broad1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,guyot ,,guyot #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3aci4 #aijh4 ,dr4 ,jules ,guyot4 #b4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #ga1 ,pl4 #ga4 #ahhc4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efb4 #ahhd4 #d4 ,ga4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ed4 #ahib4 #e4 ,garden #eb3bdh4 #ahig4 #f4 ,deut4 ,obstsorten #e3 ,pt4 #e1 ,pl4 #aijf4 #g4 ,garden #gc3efd1 fig4 #aiji4 ,docteur ,jules ,guyot4 #h4 ,lucas ,tafelbirnen #gc1 fig4 #ahid4 #i4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bcd4 #aijf4 ,the fruits of ,guyot bear strong resemblance to those of ,bartlett1 but differ in being larger and rather more handsomely colored1 ripen a little earlier1 have coarser flesh1 and are very differently flavored4 ,the product can seldom compete with that of ,bartlett1 or even with that of ,clapp ,favorite with which it ripens1 because its season is exceedingly transitory4 ,unless picked quite green and ripened indoors1 the pears rot at the center1 and even when ripened under the best conditions quickly become mealy and insipid4 ,taken at the proper moment1 the pears are better flavored than those of ,bartlett1 as they are richer and have a more delicate taste and perfume than the musky fruits of ,bartlett4 ,the trees are quite as satisfactory as those of ,bartlett1 unless1 possibly1 they fall short somewhat in productiveness4 ,the variety is well worth planting in collections for its early1 handsome1 well-flavored fruits4 ,guyot was raised in the nurseries of the ,baltet ,brothers1 ,troyes1 ,france1 about #ahgj4 ,within the next decade it was quite widely distributed in ,france and ,england where it has since been esteemed as a pear of the ,bartlett type4 ,it was first brought to ,america about #ahhe4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright1 hardy1 productive1 a regular bearer2 branches brownish1 overlaid with thick scarf-skin1 marked by small1 round1 indistinct lenticels2 branchlets slender1 very long1 curved1 with long internodes1 reddish-brown mingled with green1 smooth1 glabrous1 sprinkled with raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 very short1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #b-g_/h in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandular1 variable in serration2 petiole #b in4 long1 thick1 reddish-green4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers open late1 showy1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 from #e to #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripens in early ,september2 large1 #c-a_/d in4 long1 #b-e_/h in4 wide1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 irregular1 with unequal sides2 stem #a-a_/d in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 slightly russeted1 drawn up on one side of the stem in a prominent lip2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 broad1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 furrowed2 skin very thin1 tender1 roughish2 color yellow1 more or less mottled and with traces of russet1 with a red blush on the exposed cheek2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 granular1 tender1 moderately juicy1 sweet mingled with sprightliness1 aromatic2 quality good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,howell ,,howell #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ae3fi1 fig4 #ab4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3ge1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #baj4 #ahef4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #eaj1 fig4 #aheg4 #e4 ,hoffy ,n4 ,am4 ,pom4 #a3 ,pl4 #ahfj4 #f4 ,pom4 ,france #c3 ,no4 #aje1 ,pl4 #aje4 #ahfe4 ,howell's ,seedling4 #g4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3eai4 #ahdh4 ,howell is everywhere condemned by faint praise4 ,the variety is a little too good to be discarded and not quite good enough to be generally recommended4 ,its characters in tree and fruit are faulty by reason of their mediocrity4 ,after having said that the trees are not above the average in vigor1 healthfulness1 hardiness1 and fruitfulness1 it remains only to be said that their spreading tops make them desirable orchard inhabitants and handsome dooryard ornamentals4 ,the fruits cannot be praised for attractive appearance or good quality1 but they are preminently meritorious in that they are probably more often uniform in appearance1 quality1 and freedom from the ravages of the scab fungus than those of almost any other pear4 ,these qualities make ,howell a most estimable variety for the home orchard where intensive care cannot be given4 ,the variety further commends itself to amateur growers1 because the trees bear early1 annually1 and abundantly4 ,howell seems to be better suited to the middle western states than to the eastern states4 ,in #ahbi or #ahcj1 ,thomas ,howell1 ,new ,haven1 ,connecticut1 planted in his garden seeds from a variety of pear known locally as the ,jonah1 a hard and tough winter sort which seldom matures sufficiently to be regarded as a dessert fruit4 ,one of the trees resulting from these seeds came into bearing in #ahdb or #ahdc4 ,specimens were exhibited in ,faneuil ,hall by the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahdh and were considered to be of the first class and worthy of cultivation in every place where the soil and climate are congenial4 ,in #ahef1 the ,howell pear was recommended for general cultivation by the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 spreading1 open-topped2 trunk thick2 branches stocky1 reddish-brown1 overspread with gray scarf-skin1 with few small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 short1 dull reddish-brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with a few large1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 long1 conical1 free4 ,leaves #b in4 long1 #a-a_/h in4 wide1 oval1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate1 hairy1 tipped with very minute glands2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical1 rather plump1 free2 flowers open early1 #a-c_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 from #g to #ae buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/af in4 long1 pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit ripe in late ,september and ,october2 medium in size1 #b-c_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 round-obovate1 symmetrical2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 straight2 cavity obtuse1 very shallow and narrow1 often with almost no cavity1 smooth1 symmetrical2 calyx open1 small2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 obtuse2 basin obtuse1 slightly furrowed1 nearly symmetrical2 skin smooth1 dull2 color pale lemon-yellow1 marked on the side exposed to the sun with a trace of blush and with patches and tracings of russet2 dots many1 small1 russet1 very conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm but tender1 granular1 melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 with a rich1 somewhat brisk1 almost vinous flavor1 aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core rather large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds long1 plump1 acute1 frequently abortive4 ,illustration3 ,,idaho ,,idaho #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #egb1 ,pl4 ,,ii4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ab3b1 fig4 #a1 ,pl4 #ahhi4 #c4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #cda4 #ahhi4 #d4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #dgg1 fig4 #fia4 #ahig4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahii4 #f4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #fj4 #aija4 #g4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bdi4 #aijc4 ,there is much difference of opinion as to the value of ,idaho in ,america4 ,without question1 the variety is of considerable worth in parts of the ,pacific ,northwest1 and especially in regions where hardihood is a prime requisite4 ,there1 presumably1 the fruits are larger and better flavored than in the ,east4 ,as the accompanying plate shows1 the pears are only medium in size on the grounds of this ,station1 but they are attractive in color and of excellent taste4 ,the core is small1 and the seeds are often abortive and sometimes wanting4 ,the flesh is tender1 buttery and almost free from granulation1 with a rich1 sweet1 vinous flavor which make the rating for this fruit good to very good4 ,in many regions the pears are large1 rough1 and gross--sometimes a facsimile of ,duchesse d',angoulme4 ,the trees are dwarf and fruitful to a fault so that the pears often run small2 they are hardier than those of almost any other pear and bear annually4 ,to offset these good characters1 however1 the trees have the fatal fault of blighting1 so that the variety is of value only in regions where blight is not an annual scourge of this fruit4 ,idaho was raised from seed of an unknown variety about the year #ahfg by a ,mrs4 ,mulkey1 ,lewiston1 ,idaho1 and1 having been propagated by the ,idaho ,pear ,company1 was first brought to public notice in the autumn of #ahhf by ,john ,h4 ,evans of ,lewiston4 ,in #ahhh it was introduced to ,europe and was shown at the congress of fruit growers held at ,geneva1 ,switzerland1 in #ahii4 ,idaho is included in the ,american ,pomological ,society's list of fruits recommended for general cultivation1 having been added to this list in #ahii4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk smooth2 branches slender1 smooth1 reddish-brown overspread with much gray scarf-skin1 sprinkled with many small lenticels2 branchlets dull brownish-red1 overlaid with scarf-skin1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-d_/e in4 wide1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin glandular1 finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long4 ,flower-buds short1 conical1 very plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/h in4 across1 in dense racemes1 average #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit matures in late ,september and ,october2 medium in size1 #b in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 roundish1 slightly pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 slightly curved2 cavity acute1 narrow1 furrowed1 slightly lipped2 calyx closed2 lobes broad1 acute2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 somewhat furrowed2 skin thick and granular1 tough1 roughish2 color dull lemon-yellow1 tinged with green1 dotted and streaked with russet1 splashed with russet patches2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh dull white1 tinged with yellow1 firm1 tender1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 rich1 almost vinous2 quality good to very good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds wide1 acute4 ,,jargonelle #a4 ,knoop ,pomologie #aja1 fig4 #agga4 #b4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #ahc1 fig4 #ac4 #ahag4 #c4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #c3ajh1 ,pl4 #ahcj4 #d4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cda4 #ahca4 #e4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3cfc1 fig4 #cj4 #ahdc4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #geh4 #ahfi4 ,gergonell4 #g4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 pargne4 #h4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3acc4 ,pl4 ,,vii4 #agfh4 #i4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #aha1 fig4 #aj4 #ahag4 #aj4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3aeb4 #ahca4 #aa4 ,pom4 ,france #b3 ,no4 #he1 ,pl4 #he4 #ahfd4 #ab4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3ai1 fig4 #h4 #ahff-gc4 #ac4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ace1 fig4 #ahfi4 #ad4 ,guide ,prat4 #fb1 #bfi4 #ahgf4 ,sparbirne4 #ae4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aca4 #ahef4 #af4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bhf4 #ahhi4 ,wlsche ,birne4 #ag4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3add4 #ahef4 ,at one time the best second early pear1 ,jargonelle is now little grown in ,america1 native varieties having crowded it out4 ,the crop ripens two or three weeks before that of ,bartlett1 so that the pears come on the market with those of ,bloodgood and ,dearborn1 which1 for most situations1 are better sorts4 ,the fruits are as attractive as any of their season and are unique in shape and in having a long1 curved stem4 ,the quality leaves much to be desired4 ,the flesh is coarse1 rather gritty1 and the flavor lacks the rich sugary taste on the one hand1 or the refreshing piquancy on the other hand1 of good pears4 ,the fruits rot at the core and the season is short4 ,the crop should be picked early and ripened in the house4 ,the trees are large1 vigorous and sometimes very productive1 but are coarse1 untidy bearers1 especially when young1 and are often uncertain in bearing4 ,after setting the faults against the merits of this variety1 one must conclude that is it too worthy to discard1 but hardly good enough for a recommendation for other than the home orchard or in the plantings of collectors4 ,jargonelle is a patriarch among pears1 being one of the oldest of all varieties4 ,its name appears to be derived from ,jargon1 anciently ,gergon1 a corruption of ,groecum2 whence ,merlet1 writing in #afge1 infers that the ,jargonelle was the ,pyrum ,tarentinum of ,cato and ,columella1 the ,numidianum ,groecum of ,pliny1 and the ,groeculum of ,macrobius4 ,so far as we know the earliest mention of the ,jargonelle in ,england is by ,john ,parkinson1 who1 writing in #afbi1 mentions sixty-five varieties of pears1 among them being the ,peare ,gergonell4 ,stephen ,switser1 who wrote in #agca1 also names it4 ,the vitality of the ,english ,jargonelle is remarkable2 the trees1 it is said1 often live for #bjj years4 ,in ,scotland the variety is cultivated as far north as pears will grow4 ,william ,coxe1 ,burlington1 ,new ,jersey1 writing in #ahag of the ,jargonelle1 said1 ,this pear has not been much cultivated in ,america1 and almost always under false names4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 spreading1 open-topped1 rapid-growing1 hardy1 very productive1 long-lived2 trunk shaggy2 branches reddish-brown overlaid with heavy gray scarf-skin1 with large lenticels2 branchlets slender1 short1 reddish-brown overlaid with gray1 new growth brownish1 dull1 smooth1 with numerous small1 raised1 very conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 appressed or free4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin tipped with few small1 black glands1 finely serrate2 petiole #c in4 long1 slender1 tinged with red1 glabrous2 flower-buds small1 very short1 conical1 plump1 singly on short spurs2 flowers late1 showy1 #a-a_/b in4 across1 in dense clusters1 from #h to #ad buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-c_/h in1 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,august2 large1 #c-c_/h in4 long1 #b-c_/af in4 wide1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 with an acute neck2 stem characteristically long and curved1 #a-e_/h in4 long2 cavity lacking1 the flesh folding up around the base of the stem1 russeted1 lipped2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 broad1 acute2 basin very shallow and narrow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed1 compressed2 skin smooth2 color yellow1 with a bright blush laid thinly over the exposed cheek in streaks and splashes2 dots numerous1 greenish-russet1 very small1 obscure2 flesh yellowish-white1 granular under the skin1 gritty at the center1 melting1 very juicy1 subacid1 aromatic1 vinous2 quality very good4 ,core large1 open1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 narrow1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,jargonelle ,,jargonelle 7,,french7 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3abc4 #agfh4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3aed4 #ahca4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cci4 #ahde4 #d4 ,ibid4 #gfg4 #ahfi4 #e4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cjc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bcg4 #ahhi4 ,bellissime d't4 #g4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bjc1 ,pl4 ,,xlii4 #agfh4 #h4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3aic1 fig4 #ie4 #ahff-gc4 #i4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3baf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #aj4 ,guide ,prat4 #gj1 #bce4 #ahgf4 ,cuisse ,madame4 #aa4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #aha1 fig4 #aa4 #ahag4 ,red ,muscadel4 #ab4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cdf4 #ahca4 ,bassin4 #ac4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dia4 #ahhd4 ,schnste ,sommerbirne4 #ad4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bhj4 #ahhi4 ,this old sort1 very different from ,jargonelle1 is worthy of description only to distinguish it from the much better and older pear of the same name4 ,a generation ago this ,french ,jargonelle was much grown in ,america1 but has given way to better sorts4 ,the pears are handsome1 but are poor in quality and are edible only a day or two after maturity as they quickly rot at the center and become dry and mealy toward the periphery4 ,the name ,jargonelle is used in ,france to denote a group of pears4 ,this fact accounts for the confusion which exists among the names and synonyms of several varieties of this class4 ,the ,french ,jargonelle is said to have originated in ,anjou1 a former province in ,france1 where it was much cultivated and highly esteemed toward the end of the fifteenth century4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 the younger branches inclined to droop1 very productive2 branches stocky1 dark reddish-brown2 branchlets often curved and drooping1 short1 sprinkled with elongated1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 conical1 appressed4 ,leaves oval1 enlarged at the base2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin coarsely serrate2 petiole long1 thick4 ,flower-buds large1 long-conic2 flowers medium in size4 ,fruit ripens in ,august and ,september2 medium to sometimes large1 #c-a_/b in4 long1 #b-a_/b in4 wide1 obtuse-pyriform to oblong-pyriform2 stem #a in4 long1 slender1 obliquely inserted2 cavity obtuse1 very shallow2 calyx small1 open2 lobes long1 projecting2 basin variable in depth1 small1 irregular1 furrowed2 skin smooth1 glossy2 color lemon-yellow1 blushed with red on the sunny side1 occasionally marbled with thin orange-russet about the neck2 dots light greenish or russet2 flesh white1 coarse1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality good4 ,core large2 seeds dark brown1 small1 narrow1 long1 often abortive4 ,illustration3 ,,jos,,phine ,,de ,,malines ,,jos,,phine ,,de ,,malines #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dfa4 #ahee4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahfb4 #c4 ,pom4 ,france #b3 ,no4 #ej1 ,pl4 #ej4 #ahfd4 #d4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ad3fg4 #ahfh4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gic1 fig4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3caj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #g4 ,guide ,prat4 #fa1 #bhb4 #ahgf4 #h4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #crd ,ser4 #e3efe1 fig4 #if4 #ahhb4 #i4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eii4 #ahhd4 #aj4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahb4 #aibj4 ,josphine von ,mecheln4 #aa4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ic4 #ahef4 #ab4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bci4 #ahhi4 #ac4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #ej1 ,pl4 #ca4 #ahid4 ,malines4 #ad4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahig4 ,this is another of the few good winter pears4 ,the fruit-characters are so distinctive and meritorious that the variety should be grown in every home orchard1 and it possesses much merit for commercial plantations4 ,the fruits have a marked peculiarity4 ,cut through the shaded yellow-russet skin1 flesh with a faint1 rosy tint is displayed4 ,several red or rosy-fleshed pears are grown in ,europe1 but this is the only one described by ,american pomologists4 ,the tree also1 has a marked peculiarity2 it thrives amazingly well on the white-thorn as well as on pear and quince stocks4 ,but it is the quality of the fruits that commends the variety most highly4 ,the flesh is buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 and perfumed--pleasing in every character that gratifies the palate4 ,the season is exceedingly variable1 and is given by different pomologists from ,december to ,march and ,january to ,may4 ,the fruits are not very pleasing in appearance1 but the accompanying illustration scarcely does them justice in either size or color4 ,in the orchard1 the trees are satisfactory1 but the nurserymen find them rather difficult to grow1 this1 no doubt1 being the chief reason for the apparent neglect of this splendid pear4 ,the trees thrive in almost any soil or situation suitable to pears1 and are everywhere prodigiously fruitful1 hardy1 and resistant to blight4 ,the variety deserves wider recognition than it now receives4 ,this pear originated about #ahcj in the seed beds of ,major ,espren1 the well-known pomologist of ,mechlin 7,malines71 ,belgium1 who named it ,josphine de ,malines in honor of his wife4 ,it was introduced in ,america prior to #ahej1 and in #ahfb was added to the fruit-list of the ,american ,pomological ,society1 a place it has since retained4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 spreading1 tall1 dense-topped1 rapid-growing1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk stocky2 branches thick1 shaggy1 reddish-brown overlaid with gray scarf-skin1 marked with few lenticels2 branchlets thick1 dull reddish-brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds short1 obtuse1 plump1 appressed4 ,leaves #b-a_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/d in4 wide1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds short1 plump1 free2 flowers early1 #a-c_/h in4 across1 white1 occasionally tinged with pink1 well distributed1 average #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #c_/d in4 long1 slender1 thinly pubescent4 ,fruit ripe ,december to ,february2 medium in size1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 turbinate1 inclined to truncate2 stem long1 very thick2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 slightly furrowed2 calyx large1 open2 lobes short1 broad1 obtuse2 basin narrow1 obtuse1 smooth2 skin thick1 tough1 dull2 color pale greenish-yellow1 netted and patched more or less with russet2 dots numerous1 small1 brown or russet1 conspicuous2 flesh light salmon1 granular1 melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet1 slightly aromatic2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide2 carpels pyriform2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acuminate4 ,illustration3 ,,kieffer ,,kieffer #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bb3di1 fig4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ch4 #ahhc4 #c4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #crd ,ser4 #ab3aca4 #ahhf4 #d4 ,garden #fh3cih4 #aije4 #e4 ,ibid4 #fi3fh4 #aijf4 #f4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhc4 #aiac4 #g4 ,country ,gent4 #hd3bf1 fig4 #aiai4 ,kieffer's ,hybrid4 #h4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #ahgi4 ,keiffer4 #i4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #agi4 #ahha4 #aj4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdj4 #ahhi4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #agh4 #aiji4 ,although the most pretentious cheat in the orchard1 ,kieffer is grown more commonly than any other pear in ,north ,america4 ,its popularity can be accounted for only by accepting ,barnum's dictum that ,americans love to be fooled4 ,pears are grown to eat1 but those of ,kieffer are fit to eat only in culinary preparations1 dire necessity alone compelling their consumption uncooked4 ,yet1 pleased by a bright cheek and a fair form1 regardless of the potato-like flavor1 people buy and eat ,kieffer pears and persist in doing so4 ,there are several reasons why ,kieffer is popular4 ,no pear has been advertised so widely and so unqualifiedly1 growers of trees often supplying virtues to the variety which ,nature denies it1 because of all pears the trees of ,kieffer are most easily grown4 ,besides this virtue in the trees there are several others that commend the variety more highly4 ,thus1 of all pears grown in ,america1 the trees are uniformly the most vigorous1 fruitful1 endure heat best1 are least susceptible to blight1 and withstand best the ravages of ,san ,jos scale4 ,there are several faults1 however2 the trees are tender to cold1 in some soils refuse to set fruit1 are often self-sterile1 and sometimes with the best of care bear only pears of small size4 ,worthless for dessert1 much can be said for the fruits of ,kieffer for culinary preparation4 ,cooking removes the disagreeable natural taste of the raw pear1 and leaves a good product4 ,canned1 the pears retain their shape1 color1 and flavor well2 therefore1 and because white and inviting1 canned ,kieffers are preferred by commercial canners4 ,use in the cannery is the true place for ,kieffer pears in regions where better sorts can be grown for dessert4 ,now that the first flush of popularity is past1 it would seem a wise precaution on the part of pear-growers to grow this fruit chiefly for the cannery1 supplying the demands for dessert pears with worthier varieties1 although as long as consumers buy it to eat out of hand1 growers cannot be blamed for growing it in commercial orchards4 ,the seed parent of ,kieffer was the ,sand pear of ,china4 ,peter ,kieffer1#cj who lived at ,roxborough1 near ,philadelphia1 for many years grew the ,chinese ,sand pear and sold the trees for ornamental purposes4 ,in his garden there were also trees of ,bartlett4 ,among chance seedlings1 ,mr4 ,kieffer observed one of peculiar growth which he saved4 ,this tree bore fruit first in #ahfc4 ,later1 it was exhibited at the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society1 and finally at the ,centennial ,exposition where in #ahgf it was named ,kieffer4 ,the variety was added to the fruit-list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahhc4 ,tree of medium size1 vigorous1 upright1 dense-topped1 hardy1 very productive2 branches slender1 nearly smooth1 reddish-brown1 covered with dull ash-gray scarf-skin1 marked with few small lenticels2 branchlets medium to long1 reddish-brown mingled with green1 smooth1 slightly pubescent1 with numerous1 large1 raised1 very conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 obtuse1 slightly pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 oval1 thick1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin often finely serrate2 petiole #a-g_/h in4 long4 ,flower-buds conical to pointed1 free2 flowers open early1 #a-e_/h in4 across1 fairly well distributed1 varying from #c to #aa buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long1 thick1 very slightly pubescent1 green1 rarely tinged red4 ,fruit matures in late ,october and ,november2 above medium to large1 #b-c_/d in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 oval1 narrowing at both ends1 symmetrical1 uniform2 stem #a in4 long1 thick2 cavity very small1 smooth2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 nearly smooth2 skin thick1 tough1 smooth2 color yellow1 blushed with dull red on the exposed cheek2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 very granular and coarse1 crisp1 juicy1 not sweet1 often astringent2 quality poor4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds wide1 plump1 acute4 ,,kingsessing #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3dej4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ai3dec1 #eaf1 fig4 #cb4 #ahec4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bca4 #aheh4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gie4 #ahfi4 ,a summing up of the characters of ,kingsessing1 as is so often the case with varieties of fruits1 makes it appear a most desirable sort4 ,nevertheless1 its culture does not make headway4 ,growers rate it as a good pear1 but will not grow it1 for the reason1 no doubt1 that it has no outstanding characters for any region1 season1 or purpose4 ,as the pears grow on the grounds of the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station they are a little under size for a good commercial fruit1 and while the sweet1 perfumed flavor is pleasant1 it lacks individuality4 ,the variety is grown chiefly along the ,atlantic ,coast from ,long ,island to ,maryland4 ,this is a natural seedling which sprang up in the family burial ground of ,isaac ,leech1 ,kingsessing1 a suburb of ,philadelphia1 about #ahcc4 ,the tree first fruited about #ahdc4 ,dr4 ,brinckl1 who introduced the variety1 thought from its close resemblance to ,chapman that it was probably a seedling from it1 or of its parent1 the ,petre1 as trees of both these varieties stood in the vicinity of the ,kingsessing4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed ,kingsessing on its fruit-list in #aheh but dropped it in #ahii4 ,tree very large and vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense-topped1 rapid-growing1 hardy1 medium in yield2 trunk very thick2 branches very stocky1 grayish-brown1 sprinkled with numerous large lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 glossy1 smooth1 glabrous1 with numerous rather small1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 long1 conical1 free4 ,leaves #b-a_/d in4 long1 #a-c_/h in4 wide2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin glandular1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 conical1 free4 ,fruit ripens in ,september and ,october2 medium in size1 #b-c_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform2 stem #a_/b in4 long1 thick1 usually curved1 fleshy at the point of insertion in the fruit2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 slightly furrowed1 occasionally lipped2 calyx partly open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 gently furrowed1 usually symmetrical2 skin granular1 tender1 roughish2 color yellow1 sprinkled and netted with russet1 with a thin brownish-red blush on the exposed cheek2 dots numerous1 grayish or russet1 small1 conspicuous2 flesh white1 granular1 tender and melting1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,koonce ,,koonce #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aei4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ee4 #ahie4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahig4 #d4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bea4 #aijc4 #e4 ,chico ,nur4 ,cat4 #ab4 #aijd4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #da4 #aiji4 #g4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #afh4 #aiad4 ,koonce is a popular early variety grown rather commonly in nearly every pear region in the ,united ,states4 ,it is listed by nearly all nurserymen4 ,its tree-characters are more notable than those of its fruits4 ,the trees make a splendid showing in the nursery and are hardy and productive in the orchard1 although of but medium size and rather straggling at maturity4 ,the pears are better in quality than those of ,early ,harvest or ,lawson1 with which it often competes1 but are hardly as attractive in appearance1 being rather small and often irregular in shape4 ,the color is unusually bright1 especially on the red cheek4 ,the pears decay quickly after maturity and are suitable only for home and local markets4 ,this pear originated in southern ,illinois but no one seems to know by whom1 or at what time1 or in what locality in the ,state4 ,the variety has been grown for more than thirty years4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,koonce to its list of fruits in #aiji4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 upright-spreading1 scraggly1 open-topped1 hardy1 productive2 trunk shaggy2 branches zigzag1 dark brownish-red1 covered with thick grayish scarf-skin1 with few lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 with long internodes1 dull light brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 sprinkled with small1 raised1 elongated lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 appressed2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 stiff2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandular1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long4 ,flower-buds short1 obtuse or conical1 plump1 free2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #e buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 slender1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripens in ,august2 medium in size1 #b-c_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 with unequal sides2 stem #a-a_/d in4 long1 thick2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 compressed1 lipped or often drawn up in a wrinkled fold about the base of the stem2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin obtuse1 gently furrowed2 skin thick1 tough1 roughish2 color pale greenish-yellow1 with a dull reddish-brown blush spreading over the exposed cheek2 dots numerous1 very small1 greenish-russet1 conspicuous2 flesh whitish1 granular especially at the center1 medium tender1 juicy1 aromatic1 sweet but vinous2 quality good4 ,core small1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds small1 narrow1 short1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,lamy ,,lamy #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3afa4 #aijh4 ,comte de ,lamy4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ada4 #ahda4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cga1 fig4 #aeh4 #ahde4 #d4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #bj1 fig4 #ahdf4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbg4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ch3cei1 fig4 #eb4 #ahhj4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eec4 #ahhd4 ,poire ,dingler4 #h4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3fi1 ,pl4 #ahed4 ,beurr ,curtet4 #i4 ,pom4 ,france #b3 ,no4 #gg1 ,pl4 #gg4 #ahfd4 #aj4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cda1 figs4 #ahfg4 #aa4 ,guide ,prat4 #fe1 #bdc4 #ahgf4 ,curtet's ,butterbirne4 #ab4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bjj4 #ahhi4 ,as the history shows1 this is an old ,european pear which had its probationary period in ,america many years ago1 and which never got out of the limbo of nurserymen's catalogs and collections4 ,on the grounds of the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station1 however1 the pears are so handsome and so delectable in quality that the variety seems quite worth while describing and illustrating among the major sorts4 ,it is a splendid pear for the home orchard1 but the tree is not large nor robust enough for a commercial plantation4 ,a few nurserymen still list it4 ,this variety was raised from seed about #ahbh by ,m4 ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,belgium4 ,it was first named ,beurr ,curtet in honor of ,m4 ,curtet1 a physician and professor at ,brussels4 ,the ,london ,horticultural ,society first obtained the variety under the name ,comte de ,lamy1 by which name it has best been known in ,england4 ,lamy was early introduced to ,america where trees have long been found in collections4 ,tree small1 spreading1 open-topped1 hardy1 productive2 trunk slender1 shaggy2 branches slender1 shaggy1 dull brown1 overspread with thick scarf-skin1 sprinkled with numerous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 curved1 short1 with short internodes1 brown changing to reddish-brown on the newer growth1 glossy1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate to nearly entire1 tipped with few minute glands2 petiole #a-g_/h in4 long1 pinkish4 ,flower-buds large1 thick1 long1 conical1 very plump1 free1 singly as lateral buds or on very short spurs2 flowers late1 very showy1 #a-c_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #e_/h in4 long1 thick1 lightly pubescent4 ,fruit matures in late ,october and early ,november2 medium in size1 #b-a_/h in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 often irregular and with unequal sides2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long1 thick2 cavity almost lacking1 very obtuse and shallow1 narrow1 russeted1 often lipped2 calyx open2 lobes broad1 acute2 basin rather deep1 obtuse or abrupt1 gently furrowed1 compressed2 skin thin1 smooth except for the russet dots1 dull2 color yellow1 with a solid1 dark red blush on the exposed cheek2 dots numerous1 large1 brownish-russet1 very conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular at the center1 tender and melting1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 with a faint1 vinous flavor1 pleasantly aromatic2 quality good to very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 very wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,lawrence ,,lawrence #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #afi4 #ahda4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #d4 #ahdc4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3bab4 #ahdd4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ddb4 #ahde4 #e4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3dcb1 fig4 #bi4 #ahdf4 #f4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3ac1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bcj4 #ahed4 #h4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ddj1 fig4 #aheg4 #i4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #dhj4 #ahig4 ,there is great diversity of opinion as to the value of ,lawrence for a market pear1 but no one denies it a place as one of the very best early winter pears for the home orchard4 ,a generation ago it was held in high esteem as a market pear1 but the more showy ,kieffer1 kept in cold storage1 has elbowed the less conspicuous ,lawrence off the fruit-stands and almost out of the markets4 ,the tree is hardy1 moderately vigorous and fruitful1 an early1 annual1 and uniform bearer1 and has the reputation of being one of the longest lived of all pear trees4 ,the fruits are of but medium size1 but are shapely in form1 trim in contour1 and are distinctive in shape because of the rounded1 truncate stem end4 ,in color1 the pear is a bright1 clean lemon-yellow marked with patches of russet and faintly blushed on the side to the sun4 ,no yellow pear is more attractive4 ,the fruits come in season in early winter and have the excellent character of keeping well under ordinary care for a full month or longer4 ,the melting flesh abounds with a rich1 sugary1 perfumed juice1 by virtue of which it is justly esteemed as the best-flavored pear of its season4 ,lawrence finds congenial soils and climates in nearly every part of ,new ,york1 and should have a place in every home orchard in the ,state4 ,lawrence is a native of ,flushing1 ,long ,island1 and was first introduced to growers by ,wilcomb and ,king of ,flushing1 who sent specimens of it in #ahdc to the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society1 saying that it appeared to be a cross between the old ,saint ,germain and ,white ,doyenn1 as it resembles both of them in wood1 foliage1 and fruit1 and there is no other variety in the neighborhood4 ,the variety rapidly found favor among pear growers and was soon widely disseminated4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,lawrence to its fruit-catalog in #ahed4 ,tree of medium size1 vigorous1 spreading1 with drooping branches1 very hardy1 productive2 trunk shaggy2 branches smooth1 zigzag1 reddish-brown mingled with ash-gray scarf-skin1 with numerous large lenticels2 branchlets reddish-brown1 glossy1 smooth1 glabrous1 with slightly raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds short1 obtuse1 plump1 nearly free4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/d in4 wide1 oval1 leathery2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long1 slender2 stipules rudimentary4 ,flower-buds hardy1 conical or pointed1 free2 flowers open early1 #a-c_/h in4 across1 in rather dense clusters1 from #h to #ab buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 lightly pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit ripe ,november to ,december2 medium in size1 #b-e_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 generally symmetrical2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 slightly curved2 cavity small1 obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 russeted1 furrowed and irregular1 often lipped2 calyx large1 partly open2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 broad1 acute2 basin wide1 obtuse1 furrowed and sometimes corrugated2 skin thick and granular1 tough1 roughish2 color lemon-yellow1 marked with occasional patches of russet and with a faint russet-red blush on the exposed cheek2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 granular1 tender and melting when fully mature1 juicy1 rich1 sweet2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,,lawson #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #dc3fea1 fig4 #che4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bg3bhb4 #ahhe4 #c4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #dd3fic4 #ahhe4 #d4 ,gard4 ,for4 #e3dad4 #ahib4 #e4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #bb4 #ahib4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahii4 #g4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #afh4 #aiad4 #h4 ,cal4 ,com4 ,hort4 ,pear ,grow4 ,cal4 #g3bff1 fig4 #fg4 #aiah4 ,comet4 #i4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bg3add4 #ahhe4 ,cometbirne4 #aj4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aih4 #ahhi4 ,of all early pears1 the fruit of ,lawson best satisfies the eye for bright colors4 ,it is as brightly colored as the brilliant ,vermont ,beauty or as ,mount ,vernon4 ,another outstanding character is the small core1 which1 though the pears ripen early and quickly1 seldom softens unduly4 ,the pears are sometimes nearly or quite seedless4 ,unfortunately1 the fruits are often irregular in shape1 and in quality are never more than mediocre4 ,the tree is fairly healthy1 vigorous1 hardy1 and free from blight1 and is characterized by its tall1 upright growth4 ,although grown for more than a hundred years in ,new ,york1 the variety has never made headway in this ,state1 but seems to be attracting much attention on the ,pacific slope4 ,this pear originated on the farm of a ,mr4 ,lawson in ,ulster ,county1 ,new ,york1 about #ahjj1 judging from the appearance of the original tree which was standing in #aijj4 ,the variety was introduced toward the end of the nineteenth century under the name ,comet by reason of its color1 so that it is sometimes known as ,lawson ,comet4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,lawson to its fruit-catalog in #ahii4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright1 dense-topped1 very productive2 branches slender1 zigzag1 reddish-brown overlaid with grayish scarf-skin1 marked with numerous raised1 large lenticels2 branchlets slender1 very long1 with characteristically long internodes1 rough1 zigzag1 marked with numerous large1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin glandless1 serrate2 petiole #b in4 long4 ,flowers early1 showy1 #a-a_/b in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #f or #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 thick4 ,fruit ripens in ,august2 large1 #b-c_/d in4 long1 #c-a_/d in4 wide1 varies from obovate-obtuse-pyriform to globular-obtuse-pyriform1 with unequal sides2 stem #g_/h in4 long1 thick1 curved1 woody2 cavity very small and narrow1 often with a lip drawn up around one side of the stem2 calyx partly open2 lobes narrow1 often reflexed2 basin narrow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth2 color pale yellow1 overspread on the exposed cheek with a bright red blush2 dots numerous1 small1 greenish or russet1 obscure2 flesh whitish or often salmon-color1 firm1 tough1 medium juicy1 lacking sweetness2 quality poor4 ,core unusually small1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide2 seeds short1 wide1 plump1 obtuse1 few in number4 ,illustration3 ,,le ,,conte ,,le ,,conte #a4 ,ga4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #h1 #bi4 #ahgh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cjc4 #ahgi4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ch4 #ahhc4 #d4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bg3bhb4 #ahhe4 #e4 ,ga4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ee4 #ahhe4 #f4 ,black ,cult4 ,peach ,pear #bcd4 #ahhf4 #g4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhd4 #aiac4 #h4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #afi4 #aiad4 ,le ,conte is a hybrid between the ,chinese ,sand pear and a ,european sort1 therefore similar in parentage to ,kieffer which it greatly resembles in both tree and fruit4 ,the fruits are rather poorer in quality than those of ,kieffer1 if that be possible for an edible fruit1 and the tree is in no way superior to that of its better-known rival1 but seems to succeed better in warm climates and light soils4 ,there is1 therefore1 a place for ,le ,conte in the ,south1 and possibly on parts of ,long ,island1 if a pear is wanted for culinary purposes only4 ,the fruits sometimes rot badly at the core1 and should usually be harvested as soon as they attain full size4 ,the trees are more susceptible to blight than those of ,kieffer4 ,in the ,south1 the trees are often1 if not usually1 propagated from cuttings4 ,le ,conte originated in ,america1 and is probably a hybrid between the ,chinese ,sand pear and some native4 ,it is supposed to have been carried from ,philadelphia to ,georgia about #ahej by ,major ,le ,conte1 and has since been extensively cultivated in the southern ,states for northern markets4 ,in #ahhe it was recommended by the ,georgia ,horticultural ,society for cultivation in the middle region of that ,state4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,le ,conte to its fruit-catalog in #ahhc4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright1 very productive1 a regular bearer2 branches strongly zigzag1 brownish-red mingled with green and covered with scarf-skin2 branchlets thick1 reddish-brown mingled with green1 smooth1 pubescent on the new growth which later becomes glabrous1 with numerous very small1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 long-ovate or long-oval1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole pale green1 glabrous4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on very short spurs2 flowers open very early1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #g to #aj buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 slender1 lightly pubescent1 pale green4 ,fruit ripe late ,october to ,november2 large1 #c-a_/af in4 long1 #b-e_/h in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 roundish-oval1 tapering at both ends1 ribbed1 symmetrical2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long1 very thick1 often curved2 cavity obtuse1 very shallow and narrow1 smooth1 slightly furrowed and wrinkled1 often compressed2 calyx partly open2 lobes usually dehiscent1 separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acute2 basin usually very deep1 abrupt1 gently furrowed2 skin thick1 tough1 smooth2 color pale yellow1 occasionally marked with russet2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh white1 firm1 granular1 stringy1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 with a strong and disagreeable flavor2 quality poor4 ,core very large1 closed1 axile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 broadly conical2 seeds large1 #b in each carpel1 wide1 long1 very plump1 acute4 ,,le ,,lectier #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdf4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 #c4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dff4 #ahii4 #d4 ,garden #ei3ad1 #ic1 #abd4 #aija4 #e4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #dbj1 fig4 #aijd4 #f4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bhg1 fig4 #aijf4 ,in size and beauty of fruit1 ,le ,lectier surpasses most of its associates1 and the quality is first rate in soils and climates to which the variety is suited4 ,unfortunately the tree1 while very satisfactory in some situations1 is capricious to both soils and climates1 and is seldom at home on this side of the ,atlantic4 ,the season is ,december and ,january1 when good pears are scarce1 and it would seem that the fine1 large fruits of this pear would be most acceptable for either home or market if it could be made to thrive4 ,in ,europe1 it grows best on warm1 rich soils4 ,auguste ,lesueur1 a horticulturist at ,orlans1 ,france1 obtained this late winter pear about #ahhb as a cross between ,bartlett and ,fortune4 ,it was named after ,le ,lectier1 the great pomologist of ,orlans1 who was growing in the year #afbh about #bfj varieties of pears4 ,the variety was introduced about #ahhi4 ,in ,france1 ,le ,lectier has been described as greatly superior in flavor1 aroma1 and sweetness to varieties of the same class having established reputations4 ,in #ahid1 the ,royal ,horticultural ,society of ,london recommended this variety for cultivation in ,england4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright1 dense-topped1 very productive2 trunk and branches medium in thickness and smoothness2 branchlets thick1 curved1 light brownish-red1 tinged with green and overspread with grayish scarf-skin1 glabrous1 sprinkled with numerous raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds very small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #b-g_/h in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 thick2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandular1 finely serrate2 petiole #b-a_/d in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/b in4 across1 #h or #aj buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long4 ,fruit ripens ,december to ,january2 large1 elongated-obovate-pyriform1 often with a narrow neck2 stem slender1 rather short1 enlarged at both ends1 inserted obliquely2 cavity irregular1 often lipped2 calyx variable in size1 partly open2 basin variable in size1 abrupt1 irregular2 skin glossy1 thin1 with uneven surface2 color yellow1 mottled and faintly blushed on the exposed cheek with yellowish-bronze2 dots inconspicuous1 small2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasantly aromatic2 quality very good4 ,illustration3 ,l,,on ,,leclerc 7,,van ,,mons7 ,l,,on ,,leclerc 7,,van ,,mons7 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #c4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dai1 fig4 #aib4 #ahde4 #c4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3i1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #d4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3ea1 ,pl4 #aheg4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gj4 #ahfb4 #f4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #bi1 ,pl4 #bi4 #ahfc4 #g4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #aj3cff4 #ahff4 #h4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #abg1 fig4 #fb4 #ahff-gc4 #i4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gbb1 fig4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #crd ,ser4 #a3egc1 fig4 #ajc4 #ahhj4 #aa4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cfa1 fig4 #aijf4 ,van ,mons ,butterbirne4 #ab4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #fe1 ,pl4 #fe4 #ahhc4 #ac4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bib4 #ahhi4 ,a century ago this pear was being heralded in ,europe as the best of all pears1 and shortly afterward was introduced into the ,united ,states with highest praise4 ,the variety is still popular in ,europe1 but its reputation there is not sustained here4 ,the pear deserves a place among major varieties only because it fills a particular niche in the pear season1 the crop coming in season between late fall and early winter at a time when there are few other good varieties4 ,were it not for one serious fault1 however1 the variety might take high rank in ,america4 ,the fault is great susceptibility to the scab fungus4 ,after ,flemish ,beauty1 no other variety suffers as much both in fruit and foliage4 ,well grown in a congenial environment1 on standard or quince stock1 the pears are often as large as those of ,duchesse d',angoulme1 with which they compare rather closely in shape4 ,on well-grown specimens1 also1 the color is rich and beautiful4 ,the flavor is sprightly and refreshing1 which1 with good flesh-characters1 give the variety high rank for quality4 ,there are no remarkable characters in the trees to recommend them1 although they are quite up to the average in all characters either on pear or quince stocks4 ,they are said to prefer a rich1 deep soil4 ,the variety is suitable only for collections4 ,this pear was obtained by ,m4 ,lon ,leclerc1 a distinguished pomologist living at ,laval1 ,france1 who dedicated it to his friend ,van ,mons4 ,desiring to couple his own name with that of his friend1 he gave it the name of ,van ,mons ,lon ,leclerc1 by which appellation it has been known by most authors4 ,the variety first fruited in #ahbh4 ,there has been a good deal of confusion as to the identity of this pear1 owing to the fact that ,van ,mons raised a pear in #ahaf which he dedicated to ,lon ,leclerc4 ,the proper name of the latter pear is ,lon ,leclerc de ,laval4 ,there is also a ,lon ,leclerc de ,louvain4 ,the variety under discussion was fruited in this country previous to #ahdc by ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added the variety to its fruit-catalog in #ahfb but dropped it in #ahfi4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 spreading1 open-topped1 productive2 trunk shaggy2 branches roughish1 reddish-brown1 overspread with heavy1 dull scarf-skin1 with conspicuous1 numerous1 large lenticels2 branchlets very slender and curved1 short1 with short internodes1 light brown streaked with gray and tinged with green1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous1 with numerous small1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds very small1 short1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #a-a_/b in4 long1 #c-a_/d in4 wide1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandless1 entire2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 glabrous1 reddish-green4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense racemes1 #g or #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #e_/h in4 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,september and ,october2 large1 #c-c_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 oblong-pyriform1 tapering to a very long1 narrow neck2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity very small1 compressed1 usually lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 broad1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tough1 roughened by russet specks2 color dull yellow1 covered with dots and tracings of russet and occasionally with a faint russet-red blush2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh granular under the skin1 nearly melting1 juicy1 subacid or with a peculiar sprightliness2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 narrow1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,lincoln ,,lincoln #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hh4 #ahde4 #b4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aif1 ,pls4 #ahid4 #c4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ada4 #ahid4 #d4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #db4 #ahhi4 #e4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #dh3ged1 figs4 #bge and #bgf4 #ahhi4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cf4 #ahii4 #g4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bec4 #aijc4 ,nearly a hundred years old without having received favorable mention from pear growers1 ,lincoln has been brought from the limbo of lost fruits in recent years to take high rank in the list of pears for the ,mississippi ,valley4 ,the variety is spoken of in such superlative terms for that region that judging from its behavior in ,new ,york1 it would seem that western pear-growers give it attributes which ,nature denies it4 ,at best1 in the ,east1 the fruits are but mediocre in appearance and quality1 falling below those of a dozen other varieties of the same season whether judged by the eye or the palate4 ,in ,illinois and ,missouri1 however1 the fruits are spoken of as the handsomest and best4 ,these are not regions in which many good pears grow1 since the cold of winter1 heat of summer1 and pear-blight take toll from all but pears of the strongest constitution4 ,lincoln seems to possess a constitution to withstand these ills4 ,at its best1 the fruits of ,lincoln seem comparable to those of ,bartlett1 which the western admirers of the variety say it resembles4 ,in ,new ,york1 comparisons of the fruits are all in favor of ,bartlett1 as are the trees in all characters excepting hardiness to heat and cold1 and resistance to blight4 ,the variety is valuable only in the ,middle ,west4 ,this pear had its origin in a seedling grown in the spring of #ahce by ,mrs4 ,maria ,fleming1 ,corwin1 ,illinois1 ,the original tree proved to be a vigorous grower as well as a heavy cropper1 and was ultimately given the name of ,lincoln4 ,augustine and ,company of ,normal1 ,illinois1 propagated and distributed the variety about #ahie4 ,young trees of the variety appear to be vigorous growers1 free from blight and of high quality4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,lincoln to its list of fruits in #ahii4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk stocky1 smooth2 branches zigzag1 greenish-brown1 partly overspread with thin gray scarf-skin1 marked on the younger wood with very numerous large1 round lenticels2 branchlets slender1 very long1 willowy1 brownish-green overlaid with thin gray1 dull1 the new growth reddish-green1 with numerous large1 roundish1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds very small1 short1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #c-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 stiff2 apex variable2 margin glandless1 finely serrate2 petiole #b-e_/h in4 long1 glabrous1 tinged with red2 stipules very long and slender1 pinkish4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers #a-c_/h in4 across1 well distributed1 average #e buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long1 slender1 pubescent4 ,fruit matures in late ,august and ,september2 medium in size1 about #b-a_/d in4 in length and width1 roundish1 with an obtuse neck1 tapering very slightly2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long1 slender2 cavity a slight1 narrow depression1 occasionally lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 acuminate2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 smooth1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tender1 roughish2 color yellow1 sprinkled with few russet lines and nettings2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 firm1 coarse and granular1 tender1 very juicy1 sweet1 aromatic1 pleasing but not richly flavored2 quality good4 ,core unusually large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 very wide1 long1 plump1 acuminate4 ,illustration3 ,,lincoln ,,coreless ,,lincoln ,,coreless #a4 ,parry ,cat4 #i1 fig4 #ahia4 #b4 ,ann4 ,hort4 #ahe4 #ahib4 #c4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #acg4 #ahid4 #d4 ,ibid4 #eb1 #agh4 #ahif4 #e4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #fd3bef4 #aije4 ,the product of ,lincoln ,coreless is worthless for dessert1 and but a coarse makeshift for culinary purposes4 ,the variety receives attention only because the pear is a monstrosity and a curiosity4 ,the fruits are enormous in size1 outweighing all other pears unless it be those of the ,pound4 ,they are unique in having a very small core and few or sometimes no seeds4 ,they are further characterized by very late maturity1 ripening later than those of any other pear on the grounds of this ,station and keeping until ,april4 ,while usually rather dull greenish-yellow in color1 the cheek is often enlivened by a bright blush which makes the fruits rather attractive despite their grossness4 ,the catalogs describe the trees as blight proof1 but they blight on the grounds of this ,station4 ,the variety is worth growing only as an interesting curiosity4 ,according to ,william ,parry1 ,parry1 ,new ,jersey1 ,lincoln ,coreless originated in ,lincoln ,county1 ,tennessee1 near the ,alabama line1 about #ahcj4 ,the original tree was rated as productive and free from blight1 and young trees propagated from it have been unusually healthy and vigorous4 ,the variety was introduced about #ahij by ,william ,parry4 ,tree small1 vigorous1 upright1 very dense1 pyramidal1 hardy1 an uncertain bearer2 trunk shaggy2 branches smooth1 zigzag1 reddish-brown mingled with ash-gray1 marked with small lenticels2 branchlets short to medium1 dull brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 obtuse1 plump1 appressed4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-e_/h in4 wide1 elongated-oval1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 reddish2 stipules very long4 ,flower-buds short1 obtuse1 plump1 free2 flowers #a-c_/d in4 across1 very large and showy1 average #f buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-e_/h in4 long1 thick1 pubescent1 pale green4 ,fruit ripe in ,february2 very large1 #d-c_/d in4 long1 #c in4 wide1 uniform in size1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 somewhat ribbed1 with unequal sides2 stem #a-c_/h in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 russeted1 furrowed1 often lipped2 calyx open1 large2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acute2 basin very shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 furrowed2 skin very thick1 tough1 coarse and granular1 smooth1 dull2 color greenish-yellow1 with a handsome blush on the cheek exposed to the sun2 dots many1 brownish-russet1 very conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 very firm1 granular at the core1 crisp1 tough1 medium juicy1 rather bitter and astringent2 quality poor4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 wide1 conical2 seeds few1 narrow1 often abortive1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,louise ,,bonne ,,de ,,jersey ,,louise ,,bonne ,,de ,,jersey #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #adh4 #ahda4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #aheb4 #c4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bah1 fig4 #ha4 #aheh4 ,louise ,bonne of ,jersey4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cig1 fig4 #agd4 #ahde4 #e4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ci1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #f4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ch3afa1 fig4 #bf4 #ahhj4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjf4 #ahhd4 ,gute ,louise von ,avranches4 #h4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ach4 #ahef4 #i4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bbi4 #ahhi4 ,bonne ,louise d',avranches4 #aj4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3bi1 ,pl4 #aheh4 #aa4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #ba1 ,pl4 #ba4 #ahfc4 #ab4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #fg1 fig4 #cb4 #ahff-gc4 #ac4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dhb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #ad4 ,guide ,prat4 #bhf4 #ahgf4 ,louise4 #ae4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bc4 #ahig4 #af4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #agj1 fig4 #aiad4 ,now known in ,america as ,louise1 a name given it by the ,american ,pomological ,society1 this variety is described under the name given it in ,england to distinguish it from at least eight other varieties having ,louise as the whole or a part of the name4 ,the pear is an old one1 having many excellent qualities of fruit and tree1 which1 however1 are not sufficiently above the average to give it high place in the list of pears for the market4 ,the pears are medium to large1 handsome1 of excellent quality1 and keep and ship well4 ,these qualities have given it some preminence as a pear for the export trade4 ,the trees are precariously hardy and somewhat subject to blight1 but very vigorous1 productive1 and long-lived4 ,in ,europe1 the testimony of prominent pomologists agrees that the fruits are better and the trees more productive when worked on the quince1 and in ,america the variety is considered one of the best for dwarfing4 ,this pear is a standard one for home collections1 and finds favor in many commercial orchards in ,new ,york4 ,the parent tree of this pear was raised from seed about #aghj by ,m4 de ,longueval1 ,avranches1 ,normandy4 ,some authorities say that the variety was first named ,bonne de ,longueval2 others1 that ,m4 de ,longueval immediately dedicated the pear to his wife and called it ,bonne ,louise de ,longueval4 ,later still1 the ,pomological ,congress adopted the name of ,bonne ,louise d',avranches1 by which it became more generally known1 though in ,england1 it rather unfortunately became widely disseminated as ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey1 having1 presumably1 found its way there through the ,channel ,islands4 ,the variety was brought to the ,united ,states early in the nineteenth century1 and in #aheb was entered in the recommended list of fruits of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,in #ahig1 this ,society shortened the name to ,louise4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 very tall1 dense-topped1 hardy1 productive1 long-lived2 trunk stocky2 branches slightly zigzag1 reddish-brown mingled with very dark grayish scarf-skin1 with numerous raised lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long1 dark reddish-brown1 nearly smooth1 glabrous1 with few small1 slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds pointed1 semi-free4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 much curled under at the margins1 oval1 leathery2 apex slightly taper-pointed2 margin glandless1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds small1 conical or pointed1 free2 flowers with a disagreeable odor1 #a-a_/b in4 across1 white or tinged with pink along the edge of the petals1 averaging #f buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/b in4 long1 slender1 pubescent1 light green4 ,fruit matures in ,october2 medium to large1 #b-g_/h in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 oblong-pyriform1 somewhat irregular1 with unequal sides2 stem #a in4 long1 slender1 usually curved2 cavity obtuse1 very shallow and very narrow1 furrowed and wrinkled1 often lipped1 the flesh folded up around the stem2 calyx open1 large2 lobes broad1 acute2 basin obtuse1 furrowed and uneven2 skin granular1 smooth2 color pale yellow1 marked on the exposed cheek with a dull red blush and with streaks of russet2 dots numerous1 small1 grayish or russet1 conspicuous2 fruit yellowish-white1 somewhat granular1 tender and melting1 very juicy1 sweet and vinous1 aromatic1 rich2 quality very good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,,lucy ,,duke #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aec4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fe4 #ahhi4 #c4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #bb1 ,pl4 #ahib4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #cfd3ahb4 #aiac4 ,why ,lucy ,duke is neglected is hard to see4 ,tree and fruit are highly praised1 ,charles ,downing thought the pear not quite so fine as a first-class ,seckel1 but ,i must aver it is not far behind4 ,the pear has a rich1 juicy1 spicy1 melting flesh that makes it one of the best4 ,in form1 the fruits resemble those of ,bartlett1 which is probably one of the parents2 they are of but medium size1 but are of a beautiful golden-russet color1 which makes them as handsome as the handsomest4 ,the skin is thick and the pears stand shipping well4 ,the variety can be recommended for home and local markets1 but the trees are a little too unproductive and too irregular in bearing for commercial orchards4 ,the tree is hardy but only moderately vigorous and resembles ,winter ,nelis1 supposed to be the other parent1 in habit of growth4 ,the variety is relatively free from blight4 ,lucy ,duke was grown about #ahhj by ,mrs4 ,lucy ,duke1 ,beaufort ,county1 ,north ,carolina1 from seed of a ,bartlett pear which she had received from ,california1 ,its tree-characters are so nearly like those of ,winter ,nelis that the other parent is supposed to be that variety4 ,lucy ,duke was introduced about #ahib by ,j4 ,van ,lindley1 ,pomona1 ,north ,carolina4 ,tree medium to large1 variable in vigor1 upright becoming slightly spreading1 dense-topped1 hardy1 productive2 trunk shaggy2 branches thick1 zigzag1 marked by numerous elongated lenticels2 branchlets strongly curved1 with short internodes1 dark brownish-red mingled with green1 mottled with scarf-skin1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 elongated or roundish1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 usually free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-c_/h in4 wide1 thin2 margin occasionally glandular1 finely serrate or entire2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 pointed1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers open late1 with an unpleasant odor1 #a-e_/h in4 across2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long4 ,fruit ripens in late ,october and ,november2 medium in size1 acute-pyriform to oblong-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem short1 thick1 curved2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 russeted1 often wrinkled and occasionally lipped2 calyx large1 open1 rounded and with a deeply-set center2 basin obtuse1 smooth1 symmetrical2 skin very tough1 roughened with thick russet2 color greenish-yellow1 usually entirely overspread with solid1 dark russet1 changing to golden russet on the cheek exposed to the sun1 with mottlings and flecks of russet2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 rich1 juicy1 sweet2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 axile2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 broadly conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,madeleine ,,madeleine #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3abd1 ,pl4 ,,iv4 #agfh4 #b4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #b3ea1 ,pl4 #ahbi4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3ac4 #ahca4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cda1 fig4 #ach4 #ahde4 #e4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #ea4 #ahdh4 #f4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cca1 fig4 #ahed4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3ei1 fig4 #bh4 #ahff-gc4 #h4 ,guide ,prat4 #fb1 #bhg4 #ahgf4 ,sainte ,madelaine4 #i4 ,knoop ,pomologie #gf1 ,tab4 #a1 fig4 #agga4 ,grne ,sommer-,magdalene4 #aj4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aej4 #ahef4 #aa4 ,lucas ,tafelbirnen #dg1 fig4 #ahid4 ,citron des ,carmes4 #ab4 ,pom4 ,france #c3 ,no4 #aja1 ,pl4 #aja4 #ahfe4 #ac4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3efc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #ad4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edh4 #ahhd4 #ae4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bab1 fig4 #aijf4 ,grne ,magdalene4 #af4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bbh4 #ahhi4 ,madeleine has long been a dependable summer variety1 the crop of which ripens just before that of ,bloodgood4 ,many consider it the best very early summer pear1 and if the product alone were to be considered it might well be called the best1 but1 unfortunately1 the faults of the trees more than offset the virtues of the fruits4 ,the pears are attractive in appearance1 and very good in quality2 but their season is short1 their skins are tender1 and the flesh quickly softens at the core4 ,while the trees are productive1 they are not resistant to blight1 do not hold their crop well1 are tender to cold1 and are short-lived4 ,the variety is worth planting only for the sake of succession in crop1 and in large collections of pears4 ,the variety is recommended on the ,pacific slope for local markets4 ,the ,madeleine pear is of ancient and somewhat uncertain origin4 ,it was cultivated by ,m4 ,le ,lectier in his garden at ,orlans in #afbh1 but previously no other author had made mention of it1 though ,m4 ,leroy1 writing in #ahfg1 deemed it presumable that it had originated in ,france4 ,besides its original names this pear has been known by some fifty others in different localities and at different times1 but ,madeleine is now its recognized name in this country4 ,in ,england1 it is known as the ,citron des ,carmes4 ,when and by whom it was introduced to ,america is not clear1 but it was a standard variety as early as #ahca when ,prince first described it4 ,at the national convention of fruit-growers held in #ahdh1 ,madeleine was recommended for general cultivation1 and ever since this time the variety has appeared in the fruit-catalog of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 open-topped1 tender1 productive2 trunk shaggy2 branches zigzag1 light greenish-brown covered with gray scarf-skin2 branchlets slender1 long1 reddish-brown mingled with green1 mottled with ash-gray near the tips1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 very short1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 thin2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandless1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long1 glabrous1 reddish-green4 ,flower-buds small1 thick1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 distributed as lateral buds or on very short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-c_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #aa buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/d in4 long1 slightly pubescent4 ,fruit ripens in early ,august2 inferior in size1 #b-a_/h in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 roundish-obtuse-pyriform2 stem #a-a_/b in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity very shallow and narrow1 or lacking1 the flesh folded in a lip on one side of the stem2 calyx partly open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed1 symmetrical2 skin thin1 smooth1 very tender2 color dull green1 occasionally with a faint1 dotted1 brownish blush2 dots numerous1 greenish1 obscure2 flesh slightly tinged yellow1 granular at the center1 tender and melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 vinous2 quality good to very good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds wide1 short1 plump1 acuminate4 ,illustration3 ,,margaret ,,margaret #a4 ,horticulturist #ba3agb1 #bde1 fig4 #hj4 #ahff4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #haa4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ce1 #cf4 #ahij4 #e4 ,guide ,prat4 #fh1 #bgi4 #ahie4 ,mary4 #f4 ,horticulturist #ba3gh1 figs4 #dc and #dd4 #ahff4 ,the fruits of ,margaret are early and attractive in color and shape4 ,this is about all that can be said for them1 as they run small in size1 and in neither flesh nor flavor can they compete with the product of several other varieties of the same season4 ,the trees are hardly more desirable than the fruits1 since they are tender to cold1 blight badly1 and are short-lived1 seldom attaining full size4 ,despite these defects of fruit and tree1 the variety is a one-time favorite still rather commonly planted4 ,better summer pears can be found for ,new ,york1 and for almost every part of the country4 ,in the middle of the nineteenth century1 ,christopher ,wiegel1 a ,german nurseryman of ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 planted some seeds which he believed to have been from a ,seckel pear4 ,out of the trees grown from these he selected two for further trial because of their early coming into bearing1 their upright1 vigorous habits of growth1 profuse bearing1 and good quality of fruit4 ,in #ahff1 ,mr4 ,wiegel named one of these ,mary but later changed the name to ,margaret4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 spreading1 somewhat drooping1 open-topped1 productive2 trunk shaggy2 branches brown mingled with much red1 overspread with thin gray scarf-skin1 marked by numerous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long1 with long internodes1 light reddish-brown1 streaked with ash-gray scarf-skin1 glossy1 smooth1 glabrous except on the newer growth1 with numerous small1 roundish1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 very short1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 thin2 margin tipped with few pinkish glands1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long1 green2 stipules of medium size4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-c_/d in4 long1 large1 in dense clusters1 #f or #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long1 thick1 pubescent4 ,fruit matures in late ,august and early ,september2 medium in size1 #c in4 long1 #b-c_/d in4 wide1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 irregular2 stem #a-a_/d in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity acuminate1 deep1 narrow1 russeted1 furrowed and compressed1 often with a pronounced lip2 calyx open1 large2 lobes separated at the base1 broad1 acute1 reflexed2 basin deep1 abrupt1 furrowed1 often compressed2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth2 color dull greenish-yellow1 often with a deep but dull reddish-brown blush and occasional patches of russet2 dots numerous1 small1 green or russet1 obscure2 flesh fine under the skin but granular and gritty near the center2 tender1 buttery1 very juicy1 faintly vinous1 slightly aromatic2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 wide1 funnel-shaped2 seeds large1 wide1 plump1 obtuse or acute4 ,illustration3 ,,marie ,,louise ,,marie ,,louise #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #c3abb1 ,pl4 #ahcj4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,mag4 #a3aca4 #ahca4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #agi4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cii4 #ahde4 #e4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3cg1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #f4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ei4 #ahef4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gj4 #ahfb4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cii1 fig4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,guide ,prat4 #ei1 #bhg4 #ahgf4 #aj4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #ch1 ,pl4 #ch4 #ahhb4 #aa4 ,hogg4 ,fruit ,man4 #fac4 #ahhd4 #ab4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bea4 #ahhi4 ,marie-,louise ,delcourt4 #ac4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #ai1 ,pl4 #ai4 #ahfc4 #ad4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #afc1 fig4 #hj4 #ahff-gc4 ,the fruits of ,marie ,louise are among the perfections of ,nature1 and were the tree more certain in bearing and less fastidious as to environment and care1 the variety would rank as one of the best of all pears4 ,pomologists generally agree that its fruits are the finest flavored of their season4 ,the flesh is tender and melting1 very juicy1 and the flavor is a most delectable commingling of refreshing piquancy and scented sweetness4 ,in shape1 the pears resemble those of ,beurr ,bosc1 having the same trim contour1 but the color is very different--rich yellow1 netted and sprinkled with russet1 and sun-flecked with red on the sunny side4 ,the fruit is somewhat susceptible to the scab fungus1 and even the most careful spraying fails to give it a fair cheek in some seasons4 ,the trees are hardy but only moderately vigorous1 somewhat susceptible to blight1 rather uncertain in bearing1 and vary much from season to season in abundance and quality of product4 ,not at all suited for a commercial plantation1 ,marie ,louise is one of the choicest sorts for a home collection or in the hands of a pear fancier4 ,the ,abb ,duquesne1 ,mons1 ,belgium1 raised this pear from seed in #ahji and dedicated it to ,marie ,louise1 the second consort of ,napoleon the ,first4 ,the ,abb passed the pear on to ,van ,mons1 who in #ahaf sent it without a name to a ,mr4 ,braddick of ,thames ,ditton1 ,england1 where in time it became one of the best-known pears4 ,thomas ,andrew ,knight sent cions of the variety from ,england to ,john ,lowell1 ,roxbury1 ,massachusetts1 in #ahbc1 whence it became widely disseminated in ,america4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed ,marie ,louise in its list of fruits in #ahfb4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 spreading1 open-topped1 hardy1 productive2 trunk slender2 branches dark reddish-brown mingled with thin gray scarf-skin1 marked with many large lenticels2 branchlets very slender and very short1 with short internodes1 light brown1 tinged with brownish-red1 glossy1 smooth1 glabrous1 with very small1 slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 sharply pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/d in4 wide1 narrow1 short1 oval or somewhat elongated1 leathery2 apex obtusely or slightly taper-pointed2 margin glandless1 entire2 petiole #b in4 long1 greenish1 glabrous1 slender4 ,flower-buds small1 conical1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds or on short spurs2 flowers very showy1 #a-c_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #g to #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels often #a-a_/h in4 long1 slender1 slightly pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit ripe in late ,september and early ,october2 above medium in size1 #c-a_/h in4 long1 #b-e_/af in4 wide1 variable in size1 oblong-pyriform1 irregular1 usually with sides unequal2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity very small and one-sided1 russeted1 often lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin obtuse1 considerably furrowed2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth1 dull2 color yellow1 netted and sprinkled with russet especially on the exposed cheek2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 somewhat obscure2 flesh yellowish-white1 granular1 tender1 buttery1 very juicy1 aromatic1 with a rich1 vinous flavor2 quality very good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 narrow1 conical2 seeds wide1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,mount ,,vernon ,,mount ,,vernon #a4 ,am4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #c3add1 figs4 #ahfh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hah4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,horticulturist #bd3cfg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,ibid4 #bf3cfa4 #ahga4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahga4 #f4 ,horticulturist #bg3bjd4 #ahgb4 #g4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bef4 #aijc4 ,as a distinct type1 and because the pears ripen at a season when there are few other varieties of this fruit1 ,mount ,vernon has a prominent place in the list of worthy ,american pears4 ,the top-shaped form and reddish-russet color give the pear a unique appearance1 and with the greenish-yellow1 granular1 spicy1 piquant flesh constitute very distinct characters in its quality4 ,unfortunately1 the russet color is not well brought out in the accompanying color-plate4 ,lack of uniformity in shape and size are the chief defects in the appearance of the pears4 ,the variety is valuable because it ripens its crop in early winter from which time1 under good conditions1 it may be kept until mid-winter1 a season in which there are few good pears4 ,the trees are unusually satisfactory in most of the characters of importance in a good pear-tree4 ,the tree is vigorous but the head is small1 with numerous1 short1 stocky branches1 many of which droop4 ,the aspect given the top by these peculiarities is quite distinct4 ,the variety is worthy when a winter pear is wanted whether for home or market4 ,this pear1 which is very distinct from any other variety1 originated from a chance seedling in the garden of ,samuel ,walker1 ,roxbury1 ,massachusetts1 at the end of the first half of the nineteenth century4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 spreading1 with many drooping branches1 dense-topped1 hardy1 productive1 long-lived2 trunk stocky2 branches thick1 shaggy1 reddish-brown1 overcast with gray scarf-skin1 marked by few large lenticels2 branchlets thick1 with short internodes1 grayish-brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with a few large1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds variable in shape1 usually free4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 oval1 medium to thick1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin crenate1 tipped with rudimentary glands2 petiole #a-a_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical or pointed1 free2 flowers #a-c_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #g to #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #c_/d in4 long1 slender1 lightly pubescent1 pale green1 with a faint tinge of red4 ,fruit ripe in late ,october and ,november2 medium in size1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 uniform in size1 roundish-obtuse-pyriform1 irregular1 with unequal sides1 variable in shape2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 usually curved2 cavity obtuse1 very shallow and narrow1 russeted1 furrowed1 often very heavily lipped1 so that the stem appears to be inserted under a fleshy enlargement2 calyx open2 lobes short1 narrow1 acute to acuminate2 basin narrow1 obtuse1 smooth1 usually symmetrical2 skin granular1 roughened by russet1 dull2 color light russet overspreading a greenish-yellow ground1 with a brownish-red blush on the exposed cheek1 dotted and netted with russet2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 flesh white1 with a faint tinge of yellow1 often with a green tinge under the skin1 granular1 tender and melting1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic1 with a vinous tendency2 quality good to very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds variable in size1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute1 many abortive4 ,,olivier ,,de ,,serres #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3fg1 fig4 #dj4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees4 ,am4 #hbb4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dgg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,tilton ,jour4 ,hort4 #i3cgg1 fig4 #ahga4 #e4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #caf4 #ahha4 #f4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #crd ,ser4 #d3ae1 fig4 #d4 #ahhb4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbd4 #ahhd4 #h4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #eh1 ,pl4 #ea4 #ahid4 #i4 ,deut4 ,obstsorten #e3 ,pt4 #ae1 ,pl4 #aiji4 ,this variety is rated in ,europe as a delicious late-winter pear1 and the pomological writers of the last century give it all of the virtues on this side of the ,atlantic ascribed to it by ,europeans4 ,a closer study of the variety as grown in ,america shows that it does not possess the merits in this country given it by the ,french and ,english4 ,the quality of the pear as grown in ,new ,york is below that of several other sorts of its season4 ,the flesh is coarse and gritty and the flavor is mediocre4 ,the tree-characters are good1 but are not sufficiently good to offset the faults of the fruits4 ,olivier de ,serres was raised from seed of ,fortune about the middle of the nineteenth century by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,france4 ,it fruited a few years later1 but did not receive attention until about #ahfb4 ,at that time it was brought to the notice of the ,french ,society of ,horticulture1 and was pronounced a fruit of merit4 ,at the suggestion of ,m4 ,boisbunel1 it was named after the illustrious ,frenchman1 ,olivier de ,serres1 who in ,france is called ,the ,father of ,agriculture4 ,it was brought to ,america about #ahfe4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 dense-topped1 upright-spreading1 productive2 trunk and branches marked with numerous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 short1 curved1 with short internodes1 light reddish-brown1 tinged with green1 sprinkled with scattering1 inconspicuous1 very small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 sharply pointed1 free2 leaf-scars with prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/d in4 wide2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandular1 finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 sharply pointed1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers with an unpleasant odor1 showy1 #a-i_/af in4 across2 pedicels #a in4 long1 thinly pubescent4 ,fruit ripens ,january to ,march2 medium in size1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b-c_/d in4 wide1 roundish-obtuse-pyriform1 truncate at both ends1 irregular in outline2 stem variable in length1 averaging #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 enlarged at the top1 curved2 cavity broad1 slightly furrowed2 calyx large1 slightly open2 basin variable in depth1 furrowed2 skin tender2 color greenish-yellow1 partly overspread with cinnamon-russet and sometimes with a dull blush on the exposed cheek2 flesh whitish1 variable in texture1 juicy1 varying from sweet to a brisk1 vinous flavor2 quality poor unless grown under the most favorable conditions4 ,illustration3 ,,onondaga ,,onondaga #a4 ,horticulturist #a3cbb1 fig4 #gg4 #ahdf-dg4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bca4 #aheh4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #agi1 fig4 #hh4 #ahff-gc4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbc4 fig4 #ahfi4 #e4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dhj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,guide ,prat4 #gd1 #bib4 #ahgf4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbe4 #ahhd4 ,swan's ,orange4 #h4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3bdc1 fig4 #ai4 #ahdg4 #i4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ba1 ,pl4 #ahea4 ,some seventy or eighty years ago this pear was widely introduced under the names ,onondaga and ,swan's ,orange1 and for a generation and more was much grown in eastern pear regions4 ,it has now practically passed from cultivation in commercial orchards1 but is still to be found in collections and home plantings4 ,the fruits are large1 handsome1 and of very good quality1 resembling those of ,bartlett in flavor and with even better flesh-characters4 ,the trees are vigorous1 hardy1 fruitful--almost ideal in every character but one4 ,the tree is so susceptible to blight that the variety can never have commercial value in ,american orchards4 ,whether or not it is worth planting in home orchards depends upon the planter's willingness to suffer loss from blight4 ,it seems impossible to trace this variety to its ultimate source4 ,we know1 however1 that ,henry ,case1 ,liverpool1 ,new ,york1 cut a graft during the winter of #ahjf from a tree growing on land of a ,mr4 ,curtiss at ,farmington1 ,connecticut4 ,in the spring of the same year1 ,mr4 ,case grafted this cion into a tree about three miles west of ,onondaga ,hill1 ,new ,york1 and in #ahjh moved the tree to ,liverpool where it grew and bore fruit4 ,many grafts were taken from this tree before it died in #ahbc4 ,up to this time1 the variety appears to have received no name nor had it been generally disseminated4 ,we hear nothing further of it until about #ahdj when it was brought to notice by a ,mr4 ,swan of ,onondaga ,hollow1 who exhibited specimens of the variety in ,rochester4 ,ellwanger and ,barry were so impressed with the fruit that they secured cions and propagated it under the name ,swan's ,orange which they changed later to ,onondaga4 ,onondaga was given a place in the ,american ,pomological ,society's fruit-catalog in #aheh4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 spreading1 open-topped1 very productive2 branches zigzag1 reddish-brown1 overspread with thin gray scarf-skin1 marked with many large lenticels2 branchlets slender1 short1 light brown1 tinged with green and lightly streaked with ash-gray scarf-skin1 dull1 smooth1 the new growth slightly pubescent1 with small1 raised1 pinkish lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 sharply pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #c-a_/af in4 long1 #a-a_/d in4 wide1 narrow1 oval1 stiff1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin coarsely but shallowly serrate1 tipped with many reddish glands2 petiole #a-g_/h in4 long1 light green mingled with red2 stipules often lacking but when present very small1 pale green4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on very short spurs2 blossoms #a-a_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #g to #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit ripe in early ,october2 above medium to large1 #b-c_/d in4 long1 #b-a_/b in4 wide1 ovate or obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical1 with unequal sides2 stem #e_/h in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity a slight depression1 with a fleshy enlargement at one side of the stem2 calyx closed2 lobes narrow1 acute2 basin narrow1 obtuse1 furrowed1 uneven2 skin granular1 tender1 smooth1 dull2 color pale yellow1 with few lines of russet and with many russet spots2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish1 granular both near the skin and at the center1 melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 aromatic1 with a sweet1 rich1 vinous flavor2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 conical2 seeds narrow1 long1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,ontario ,,ontario #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bjj1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ebi4 #aheg4 #c4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #g3aab1 fig4 #aheg4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bc3aaj1 fig4 #c4 #aheg4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #b1 #he1 fig4 #aci4 #ahff-gc4 #f4 ,horticulturist #bc3cca1 fig4 #ajb4 #ahfh4 #g4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbd4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #dfc1 fig4 #fgb4 #ahig4 ,this variety was introduced nearly seventy years ago with the expectation that the crop would follow that of ,bartlett and be in as great demand4 ,while the variety did not come up to expectations1 it seems to have been too good to discard1 and is to be found in many collections in ,new ,york4 ,the fruits are of the type of ,bartlett1 but are smaller and usually lack the blush found on the fruits of ,bartlett4 ,the trees are very satisfactory4 ,the variety fails chiefly in the small size of the fruits1 although these are not as small as the rather poor specimens illustrated in the accompanying plate1 which were grown on the grounds of this ,station where the pears run below the average4 ,this variety was raised from seed of ,canandaigua in the nurseries of ,w4 and ,t4 ,smith1 ,geneva1 ,ontario ,county1 ,new ,york1 and was first introduced at the meeting of the ,american ,pomological ,society1 ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 in #ahef4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 open-topped1 hardy1 productive2 trunk stocky2 branches thick1 roughish1 dull reddish-brown1 overspread with dark ash-gray scarf-skin1 marked by small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 very short1 with short internodes1 light brown mingled with green1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 free4 ,leaves #b in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 oval1 thin1 leathery1 slightly curled under along the margins2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin glandular toward the apex1 very finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical or pointed1 plump1 free1 singly or in small clusters on short branches or very short spurs2 flowers #a-a_/h in4 across1 in a scattering raceme1 from #h to #aj buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/d in4 long1 slender1 pubescent1 light green4 ,fruit in season from the middle to the last of ,september2 medium in size1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-g_/h in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 oblong-pyriform1 with sides usually unequal2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 often russeted and lipped2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acute2 basin shallow to medium1 obtuse1 gently furrowed1 sometimes compressed2 skin smooth1 dull2 color pale yellow1 with small patches and streaks of light-colored russet2 dots numerous1 very small1 russet1 obscure2 flesh whitish1 with a yellow tinge at the core1 granular1 firm but tender1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly aromatic2 quality good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,p4 ,,barry ,p4 ,,barry #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ch4 #ahge4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #b;d ,app4 #aeb1 fig4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ah4 #ahhb4 #d4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #cdj4 #ahhi4 #e4 ,ellwanger ,barry ,cat4 #bj4 #ahib4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ag1 #fh4 #ahie4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #da4 #aiji4 #h4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bgc4 #aiai4 ,the fruits of ,p4 ,barry are among the latest of all the pears grown on the grounds of the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station4 ,they do not ripen here until mid-winter and then keep until spring4 ,a serious defect is that they sometimes refuse to ripen but shrivel until decay sets in late in the spring4 ,to make certain that the pears ripen properly1 the fruit-room must not be too cold4 ,the pears are excellent in flavor1 have good flesh-characters1 and when properly ripened are excelled in quality by no other winter pear4 ,the variety should have a place in the collection of every pear fancier to extend the season for this fruit1 and commercial pear growers might find it a profitable sort for local market4 ,unfortunately1 the trees are small1 fastidious as to environment1 and somewhat uncertain in bearing4 ,bernard ,s4 ,fox1 ,san ,jose1 ,california1 raised many pears from seed of ,belle ,lucrative4 ,among these seedlings was one which fruited in #ahgc and was named ,p4 ,barry1 in honor of ,patrick ,barry1#ca an eminent nurseryman and horticulturist of ,rochester1 ,new ,york4 ,of many scores of seedlings raised by ,mr4 ,fox only this one1 ,fox1 and ,colonel ,wilder were considered by the originator to be worthy of propagation4 ,all these received ,wilder medals from the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahge and #ahha4 ,in #aiji1 this ,society added ,p4 ,barry to its catalog-list of fruits4 ,tree variable in size1 lacking in vigor1 spreading1 open-topped1 unusually hardy1 medium in productiveness2 trunk slender2 branches stocky1 zigzag1 reddish-brown mingled with gray scarf-skin1 marked with large lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long1 with long internodes1 reddish-brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few small1 very slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical1 free4 ,leaves #a-c_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/h in4 wide1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin finely serrate1 tipped with few glands2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 somewhat obtuse1 free2 flowers open late1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 well distributed1 averaging #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 slender1 slightly pubescent1 pale green4 ,fruit matures in late ,december to ,february2 variable in size1 averaging #b-c_/d in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 irregular1 with unequal sides2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity obtuse1 narrow1 furrowed1 compressed1 often lipped2 calyx small1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 obtuse2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 smooth and regular2 skin variable in smoothness1 dull2 color rich yellow1 many specimens almost entirely overspread with russet or with russet coating around the cavity and with russet nettings and patches2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 sweet1 juicy1 with a rich1 vinous1 aromatic flavor2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,passe ,,colmar ,,passe ,,colmar #a4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #e3daj4 #ahbd4 #b4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #djc4 #ahca4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3aja4 #ahca4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ddd1 fig4 #bje4 #ahde4 #e4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ahe1 fig4 #ahde4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ae3dde1 fig4 #ci4 #ahdi4 #g4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ihi4 #ahfa4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gj1 #ahfb4 #i4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #b1 ,pl4 #b4 #ahfc4 #aj4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3aba1 fig4 #ei4 #ahff-gc4 #aa4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dii1 figs4 #ahfi4 #ab4 ,guide ,prat4 #fj1 #bic4 #ahgf4 #ac4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbg4 #ahhd4 #ad4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #dcf1 fig4 #aijd4 ,preul's ,colmar4 #ae4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #ajd4 #ahbe4 ,regentin4 #af4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ajc4 #ahef4 #ag4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bfh4 #ahhi4 #ah4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #fa1 ,pl4 #hh4 #ahid4 ,little known in ,america1 this is one of the standard winter pears in ,england4 ,the fruits are exceedingly sugary1 mildly spiced with cinnamon1 a flavor so unique1 especially when compared with the piquant flavor most common in winter pears1 that the variety is worth growing where it succeeds for the sake of diversity4 ,the chief fault of the variety is variability of product4 ,on unsuitable soils and under indifferent care1 the pears are unattractive and poor in quality4 ,the accompanying illustration1 it is to be feared1 shows the variety at its worst rather than at its best1 since it does not thrive on the heavy1 cold clay of the ,station lands4 ,under conditions at this ,station1 the flesh is crisp and gritty1 rather than buttery and fine as it seems to be under more suitable conditions4 ,the trees are very vigorous on standard stocks and heavy soils1 with the result that the fruits are many but small and poor2 checking vigor by dwarfing on quince or planting on poor soil suits the variety4 ,the trees are hardy and as free as the average pear from blight4 ,the variety is a good winter sort for home or market4 ,this variety was raised in #ageh at ,mons by the ,abb ,hardenpont1 the ,belgian priest and horticulturist4 ,extensively cultivated in ,belgium1 it acquired a great diversity of names in different localities4 ,from that country it passed first to ,germany toward the end of the eighteenth century1 and early in the nineteenth was taken to ,france4 ,soon after the close of the ,napoleonic wars1 about #ahag1 it was received in ,england4 ,within a few years after its introduction in ,england1 the variety found its way to ,america where1 for a time1 it was quite extensively grown4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,passe ,colmar to its fruit-list in #ahfb but dropped it in #ahii4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright1 tall1 rapid-growing1 productive2 trunk slender2 branches medium in thickness and smoothness1 reddish-brown almost entirely overspread with thick1 gray scarf-skin1 marked by large1 conspicuous lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 light brown mingled with green1 dull1 smooth1 pubescent only near the ends of the new growth1 sprinkled with few small1 raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds short1 plump1 free1 thick at the base2 leaf-scars with prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin tipped with few small glands1 finely serrate to nearly entire2 petiole #b in4 long1 glabrous1 pinkish-green4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 thick1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly as lateral buds or on very short spurs2 flowers late1 showy1 #a-c_/d in4 across1 unusually large1 in dense clusters1 average #f buds in a cluster2 pedicels #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 thinly pubescent4 ,fruit ripe ,december to ,january2 medium in size1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 somewhat irregular2 stem #a in4 long1 very thick2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 russeted1 slightly furrowed2 calyx partly open2 lobes separated at the base1 rather narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 gently furrowed2 skin thick1 granular1 tender1 roughish2 color greenish-yellow1 sprinkled with reddish-brown and russet patches and nettings2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular1 tender1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet1 vinous1 aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,pitmaston ,,pitmaston #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #bf3abi1 fig4 #befd4 #aijc4 #b4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #agc1 fig4 #aiad4 ,pitmaston ,duchesse d',angoulme4 #c4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #aajh1 fig4 #ahfd4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ee4 #ahga4 ,pitmaston ,duchess4 #e4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ah3aa1 fig4 #ahgj4 #f4 ,tilton ,jour4 ,hort4 #g3bci1 fig4 #ahgj4 #g4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ch3bja1 fig4 #cj4 #ahhj4 #h4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fca4 #ahhd4 #i4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #d3fjh4 #ahhh4 #aj4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #aif1 #fea4 #aijj4 #aa4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aic4 #aibj4 ,although this fine old ,english pear has more than ordinary merit1 it seems to be little grown in ,america4 ,in appearance1 the pears are unsurpassed4 ,the accompanying color-plate shows the shape and color very well1 but not the size1 as1 well grown1 the pears are larger4 ,from the illustration1 all must agree that the pears are handsome1 fruits of few other sorts being so alluring in shape and color4 ,on warm soils or in warm seasons1 the flavor is choicely good giving the pears a rating of good to very good2 but in cold soils and seasons1 the flavor is often austere1 or even acid and astringent4 ,the season prolongs that of ,bartlett1 and as the fruits are flavored very differently1 being more piquant and refreshing1 and are ordinarily larger and handsomer1 ,pitmaston ought to make a good market variety where it thrives4 ,the subacid flavor makes this one of the very best pears for culinary purposes4 ,such reports as are at hand state that the fruits keep and ship well4 ,the variety seems not to have been grown widely in ,america1 so that one cannot speak with assurance of the tree-characters2 but on the grounds of this ,station1 the trees have fewer faults than those of most of the standard varieties4 ,they are hardy1 vigorous1 fairly immune to blight1 and while but moderately productive1 bear annually1 and the large size of the fruits makes them high yielders4 ,the variety should be put on probation by those who grow for the markets1 and is well worthy a place in all home orchards4 ,pitmaston was raised by ,john ,williams at ,pitmaston1 near ,worcester1 ,england1 in #ahda4 ,it has been generally stated that it originated from a cross between ,duchesse d',angoulme and ,glou ,morceau1 although an old gardener1 who was employed by ,mr4 ,williams1 stated that there was no record whatever of its parentage1 but that it was the best of a number of seedlings4 ,for some time it was known as the ,pitmaston ,duchesse d',angoulme on account of the theory of its derivation in part from the ,duchesse d',angoulme2 but in #ahgj its name was simplified in ,england to ,pitmaston ,duchess4 ,in #ahgd it obtained a first-class certificate from the ,royal ,horticultural ,society1 ,england4 ,in this country it was first fruited by ,john ,saul1 ,washington1 ,district of ,columbia1 in #ahgj1 and was noted and illustrated by ,elliott in the ,rural ,new ,yorker under the name ,pitmaston ,duchesse d',angoulme4 ,although favorably mentioned several times by the ,american ,pomological ,society1 the variety has never received a place in the ,society's fruit-catalog4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 spreading1 dense-topped1 moderately productive2 trunk stocky1 shaggy2 branches thick1 slightly zigzag1 reddish-brown1 overlaid with very dark grayish scarf-skin1 marked with numerous large lenticels2 branchlets long1 dull1 dark reddish-brown1 roughish1 glabrous1 with numerous small1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds short1 obtuse1 appressed2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds short1 conical1 pointed1 free2 flowers showy1 #a-c_/d in4 across1 well distributed1 average #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in ,october2 large1 #c-c_/d in4 long1 #c in4 wide1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 often curved2 cavity very shallow and very narrow1 or lacking1 the flesh drawn up in a wrinkled fold around the base of the stem1 often lipped2 calyx closed1 large2 lobes long1 broad1 acute2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 furrowed and wrinkled2 skin thin1 granular1 smooth1 tender1 dull2 color pale lemon-yellow1 dotted and somewhat patched with light russet especially around the stem1 without blush2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 somewhat granular1 melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 piquant and vinous2 quality good to very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds narrow1 long1 flat1 acute1 very often abortive4 ,illustration3 ,,pound ,,pound #a4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bji1 fig4 #fc4 #ahag4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3adi4 #ahca4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aea4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dde4 #ahde4 #e4 ,ibid4 #hce4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahga4 #g4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #cbf1 #cch1 #cdd4 #ahhi4 ,pickering4 #h4 ,langley ,pomona #acc1 ,pl4 #ga1 fig4 #a4 #agbi4 ,union4 #i4 ,miller ,gard4 ,kal4 #ca1 #ed4 #agcd4 #aj4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #b3 ,pt4 #a4 #ahjg4 ,uvedale's ,st4 ,germain4 #aa4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #dac4 #ahca4 #ab4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gj4 #ahfb4 #ac4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #feg4 #ahhd4 #ad4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #crd ,ser4 #ac3dfe4 #ahhf4 #ae4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #bjb4 #aibj4 ,bruderbirne4 #af4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adh4 #ahef4 ,winter ,bell4 #ag4 ,watson ,am4 ,home ,gard4 #djd1 fig4 #bfd4 #ahei4 ,belle ,angevine4 #ah4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #igi4 #ahfj4 #ai4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3ca bis1 fig4 #bb4 #ahff-gc4 #bj4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ach4 #ahfi4 #ba4 ,guide ,prat4 #fa1 #bcc4 #ahgf4 ,schne ,angevine4 #bb4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bgi4 #ahhi4 ,pound is grown in collections for its monstrous fruits1 which have few virtues other than large size4 ,the pears not infrequently weigh three pounds1 and one is noted in the next paragraph weighing four pounds1 nine ounces4 ,the pears are coarse in form1 texture and flavor--but one degree better in flavor than the potato-like fruits of ,kieffer and even more sappy4 ,the pears keep well and are said to be fairly good for culinary purposes4 ,the trees are unusually satisfactory1 because of which the variety should make a good parent from which to breed4 ,the name ,pound has been applied to a number of varieties1 notably ,black ,worcester1 ,angora1 ,verulam1 and others4 ,the variety now known as ,pound in ,america is more generally known in ,europe as ,belle ,angevine or ,uvedale's ,st4 ,germain4 ,this sort appears to have been raised by a ,dr4 ,uvedale1 who was a schoolmaster at ,eltham1 ,england1 in #afij4 ,miller in his ,dictionary1 in #agbd1 speaks of him as a ,dr4 ,udal of ,enfield1 a curious collector and introducer of many rare exotics1 plants and flowers1 and ,bradley1 in #agcc1 speaks of the pear as ,dr4 ,udale's great pear1 called by some the ,union pear4 ,william ,robert ,prince mentions the ,pound pear in #ahca saying that it often weighs from twenty-five to thirty ounces1 and one was exhibited in ,new ,jersey about four years since1 weighing forty and a half ounces4 ,in #ahgj1 according to ,wickson1 a ,pound pear sent from ,sacramento to the late ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder1 ,president of the ,american ,pomological ,society1 weighed four pounds and nine ounces4 ,in #ahfb1 the ,american ,pomological ,society added this variety to its fruit-catalog under the name ,uvedale's ,st4 ,germain1 but in #ahga changed the name to ,pound4 ,the name continued to appear in the ,society's catalogs until #aiji when it was dropped4 ,tree medium in size1 upright1 dense-topped1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk stocky1 shaggy2 branches thick1 shaggy1 zigzag1 dull reddish-brown1 heavily covered with gray scarf-skin1 marked with many large lenticels2 branchlets short1 with short internodes1 brownish-red1 mottled with gray scarf-skin1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few small1 elongated lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 long1 conical or pointed1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #d-a_/d in4 long1 #c-c_/d in4 wide1 ovate1 thin1 stiff2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandular1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical or pointed1 very plump1 free1 usually singly on short spurs2 flowers open early1 #a-c_/h in4 across1 large1 well distributed1 average #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/b in4 long1 pubescent1 pale green4 ,fruit matures in ,february2 large1 #d in4 long1 #b-g_/h in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 with unequal sides2 stem long1 thick1 curved2 cavity obtuse1 very shallow1 narrow1 russeted1 furrowed1 drawn up in a fleshy ring about the stem2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 obtuse2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 slightly furrowed1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tough1 with patches of russet1 dull1 roughened by the dots and by the russet markings2 color golden-yellow1 often marked on the exposed cheek with a bronze or pinkish blush2 dots numerous1 russet1 very conspicuous2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 granular1 very tough1 subacid1 inferior in flavor2 quality very poor4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 carpels pear-shaped2 seeds very large1 brownish-black1 wide1 long1 acuminate4 ,illustration3 ,,pr,,sident ,,drouard ,,pr,,sident ,,drouard #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #be3dca4 #ahhf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ea4 #ahie4 #c4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cca1 fig4 #aijf4 ,prsident ,drouard4 #d4 ,lucas ,tafelbirnen #baa1 fig4 #ahid4 ,drouard4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ce4 #ahii4 #f4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bda4 #aijc4 #g4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,sp4 ,bul4 #bg3bb4 #aijc4 ,prsident ,drouard has been on probation in the ,united ,states for nearly thirty years1 but does not seem to be in great demand in any part of the country4 ,in the pear-growing region of ,new ,york to which it first came1 it is scarcely known4 ,the accompanying description shows that the fruits contain all of the requisites of a good pear4 ,the flesh is juicy1 melting1 saccharine1 rich1 and perfumed4 ,the trees1 however1 are not satisfactory4 ,they lack vigor1 blight badly1 and are niggardly in bearing4 ,with these faults1 there is no place for the variety in commercial plantations1 but it may well be planted in home orchards and in collections4 ,prsident ,drouard is a chance seedling found in the suburbs of ,pont-de-,ce1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,france1 by ,m4 ,olivier1 gardener at the ,fruit-,garden at ,angers4 ,it was sent out by ,m4 ,louis ,leroy of ,angers and was described in #ahhf as a new pear4 ,it seems to have been introduced in this country by ,charles ,a4 ,green1 ,rochester1 ,new ,york4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added the variety to its list of fruits under the name ,drouard in #ahii4 ,tree of medium size1 spreading1 open-topped1 usually hardy2 branches reddish-brown1 nearly covered with gray scarf-skin1 marked with small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 greenish-brown mingled with red1 dull1 smooth1 pubescent on the new growth1 with numerous small1 brownish1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars with very prominent shoulders2 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 oval1 thick1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandless or with but few glands1 entire or closely serrate2 petiole glabrous1 greenish1 thick1 #a-e_/h in4 long1 tinged red2 stipules very short1 tinged with pink4 ,flower-buds short1 conical1 very plump1 free1 arranged singly on short spurs2 flowers #a-c_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #f to #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long1 lightly pubscent1 greenish4 ,fruit in season from late ,november to ,december2 large1 #c-a_/b in4 long1 #c in4 wide1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 with unequal sides1 uniform in shape2 stem #a in4 long1 very thick and woody2 cavity obtuse1 deep1 irregular1 furrowed1 usually lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin deep1 abrupt1 usually smooth but sometimes gently furrowed2 skin thick1 tough1 rough1 dull2 color clear lemon-yellow1 with nettings and streaks of russet2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 flesh tinged with yellow1 very granular at the core1 tender and melting1 buttery1 juicy1 aromatic1 sweet2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute1 occasionally abortive4 ,illustration3 ,,reeder ,,reeder #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dj4 #ahhc4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bfj4 #aijc4 ,reeder's ,seedling4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aej4 #ahfg4 ,doctor ,reeder4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gci1 fig4 #ahfi4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahga4 ,docteur ,rhder4 #f4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #hg4 #ahhi4 ,reeder is another of the pears too good to discard1 and not quite good enough to give an ardent recommendation4 ,in quality1 the fruits rank but little below those of ,seckel2 are about the same size as grown under average conditions2 but are even duller and less attractive in color than the modest fruits of ,seckel1 which is probably one of its parents4 ,the fruits have a place in the home and markets as a pear to follow ,seckel1 the crop coming in season just after that of ,seckel passes out4 ,the trees do poorly in the nursery1 as they make but a short1 slender growth until well established in the orchard1 after which they become of medium size but very vigorous4 ,the branches droop as do those of ,winter ,nelis1 the other parent1 although not so markedly4 ,the variety is as nearly blight-proof as either of its parents4 ,reeder is a seedling raised about #ahee by ,dr4 ,henry ,reeder1 ,varick1 ,new ,york1 from seed of ,winter ,nelis4 ,the parent tree stood near a ,seckel and it is considered that ,reeder is a cross between the two varieties4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added the variety to its fruit-catalog in #ahga under the name ,doctor ,reeder1 but in #ahhc changed the name to ,reeder4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 spreading1 drooping1 open-topped1 productive2 branches zigzag1 reddish-brown partly overspread with gray scarf-skin1 sprinkled with numerous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 willowy1 long1 reddish-brown mingled with gray1 the new growth reddish-green1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous except near the tips of the new growth1 with few very small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/d in4 wide1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin crenate to nearly entire2 petiole #b in4 long1 tinged with red2 stipules few1 very small1 reddish-green4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #c_/d in4 long1 slender4 ,fruit ripe in ,october and ,november2 small1 #a-c_/d in4 long1 #a-g_/h in4 wide1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 slightly ribbed and irregular2 stem #a-a_/d in4 long1 slender1 curved2 cavity a very small depression in which is inserted the base of the stem1 symmetrical2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 narrow1 reflexed1 acuminate2 basin very shallow and narrow1 smooth2 skin thick1 smooth1 tender2 color dull greenish-yellow1 mottled and streaked with russet1 blushed faintly on the exposed cheek with brownish-red2 dots few1 small1 obscure1 greenish or russet2 flesh white1 granular toward the center but fine-grained near the skin1 tender1 somewhat stringy1 very juicy1 aromatic2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 narrow1 funnel-shaped2 seeds unusually large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,riehl ,,best ,,riehl ,,best #a4 ,stark ,bros4 ,cat4 #ah4 #aiab4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ee4 #aiaf4 ,riehl ,best is described among the major varieties because it is as nearly blight-proof as any other ,european pear4 ,it might well be tried in localities where standard sorts cannot be raised because of blight1 and is worth growing in breeding work as a parent to obtain blight-resistant varieties4 ,the pears are rather unattractive in appearance1 but are excellent in quality4 ,the flesh is juicy1 tender1 vinous1 free from grittiness and seldom rots at the core4 ,the trees1 besides being nearly free from blight1 are hardy to heat and cold1 and bear annually4 ,the fruits fall far short of those of standard varieties in ,new ,york4 ,this pear was discovered by ,edwin ,h4 ,riehl1 ,godfrey1 ,illinois1 and was introduced by ,stark ,brothers1 ,louisiana1 ,missouri4 ,mr4 ,riehl says3 ,the farm on which the original tree stood was owned by a pioneer nurseryman who evidently imported from ,france a number of varieties1 some perhaps without name4 ,riehl ,best trees and several hundreds of other varieties represent the remains of three old orchards planted fifty years ago4 ,trees of other varieties are ruined by blight while ,riehl ,best is in perfect health and bears every season4 ,from this history it is probable that ,riehl ,best is an old ,european pear renamed4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 dense-topped1 rapid-growing1 productive2 trunk stocky2 branches thick1 light reddish-brown1 overspread with thin scarf-skin1 marked with large1 conspicuous1 numerous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 often willowy1 long1 greenish-brown1 dull1 smooth1 pubescent only near the ends of the new growth1 sprinkled with small1 slightly raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars with prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 thick2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin glandless1 variable in serrations2 petiole #b in4 long4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers #a-e_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #f buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 lightly pubescent4 ,fruit ripens in ,october2 medium in size1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 obovate-conic-pyriform1 irregular1 with unequal sides2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long2 cavity very shallow and narrow when present1 or lacking1 the flesh drawn up in a lip on one side of the stem2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 broad1 obtuse2 basin obtuse1 furrowed2 skin thick1 roughened with russet2 color dull yellow1 largely overlaid with patches of russet1 marked with distinct russet dots and with a faint trace of a pinkish-red blush on the cheek next the sun2 dots numerous1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular under the skin1 tender1 moderately juicy1 vinous2 quality good4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 carpels ovate2 seeds medium in size1 width1 and plumpness1 obtuse4 ,illustration3 ,,roosevelt ,,roosevelt #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #cg3bdc1 fig4 #ib4 #aije4 #b4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ded4 #aije4 #c4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #ed3hbf1 fig4 #ceb4 #aije4 #d4 ,bunyard ,cat4 #dc4 #aiac-ad4 #e4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aie4 #aibj4 ,this variety is still on probation in ,america1 with the chances strongly against it proving worthy to bear the name of the man after whom it was called4 ,on the grounds of the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station1 the fruits are too small1 too poorly colored1 and too poor in quality to compete with those of a score of other sorts of the same season4 ,the core is remarkably small1 and the seeds are few and small1 but these are insufficient merits to count against the several defects named4 ,the tree is robust and generally satisfactory4 ,the variety may not be at its best on the grounds of this ,station1 as in ,europe it was heralded as a most remarkable sort--one destined to bring about a revolution in pear-growing4 ,it may be worth further trial in ,new ,york4 ,this pear was introduced in #aije by the noted ,french pomologist ,charles ,baltet1 ,troyes1 ,france1 after he had tested it for several years4 ,he named it after ,president ,roosevelt4 ,the variety was approved at ,horticultural ,congresses in ,paris1 ,lyons1 and ,orlans1 as well as by the ,royal ,horticultural ,society of ,london4 ,it was received in ,america shortly after its dissemination in ,france4 ,tree medium to large1 vigorous1 very upright1 dense-topped1 rapid-growing1 productive2 trunk slender1 smooth2 branches slender1 smooth1 glossy reddish-brown1 mottled and overlaid with gray scarf-skin1 marked with numerous small1 raised lenticels2 branchlets characteristically thick1 with blunt ends1 long1 with short internodes1 dull reddish-brown mingled with gray scarf-skin1 smooth1 glabrous1 with many large1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds long1 conical1 sharply pointed1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars with prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-c_/h in4 wide1 stiff2 apex taper-pointed2 margin usually glandless1 finely serrate to almost entire2 petiole #b in4 long1 slender1 curved4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical1 pointed1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers with a disagreeable odor1 early1 showy1 #a-e_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/h in4 long1 thick1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripens in late ,september and ,october2 medium in size1 about #b-g_/af in4 in length and width1 roundish-obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem #a in4 long1 thick2 cavity very shallow1 or lacking1 faintly lipped2 calyx very open1 large2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 wide1 obtuse1 smooth1 symmetrical2 skin unusually thick1 tough1 smooth1 dull2 color pale lemon-yellow1 mottled and netted with russet1 with a faint blush2 dots numerous1 small1 light russet1 obscure2 flesh light salmon1 fine-grained except at the center which is granular1 tender and melting1 very juicy1 mildly sweet1 without much character2 quality medium4 ,core small1 closed1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 very wide1 conical2 carpels cordate2 seeds wide1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,rutter ,,rutter #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aea4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,rutter does not seem to have made a very high place for itself in the country at large1 but about ,geneva1 ,new ,york1 it is a most excellent late autumn variety4 ,the pears are good or very good in quality1 rather attractive1 keep well1 ship well1 and sell well to those who know the variety4 ,the trees have a combination of good characters that commend them most highly4 ,thus1 they are comparatively immune to blight1 enormously productive1 bear early1 grow rapidly1 live long1 and are hardy4 ,the fruits hang exceptionally well to the trees1 so that the variety is a valuable one for exposed situations4 ,rutter can be recommended for both home and market plantations4 ,this variety was raised by ,john ,rutter1 ,west ,chester1 ,pennsylvania1 from seed of ,lon ,leclerc 7,van ,mons7 about sixty years ago4 ,it was approved by the ,committee on ,new ,native ,fruits of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahfg4 ,this ,society placed the variety on its list of recommended fruits in #ahfi4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 dense-topped1 rapid-growing1 productive2 trunk stocky2 branches thick1 reddish-brown1 covered with gray scarf-skin1 sprinkled with very conspicuous lenticels2 branchlets long1 light brown mingled with green and streaked with ash-gray scarf-skin1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds long1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #c-c_/h in4 long1 #a-e_/h in4 wide1 thick1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin nearly glandless1 almost entire2 petiole #b in4 long1 glabrous1 reddish-green4 ,flower-buds medium in size and length1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers very showy1 #a-c_/h in4 across1 almost in racemes1 #f or #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/d in4 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit matures in late ,october and early ,november2 large1 #c-a_/h in4 long1 #c in4 wide1 roundish-obtuse-pyriform1 with a very thick1 blunt neck1 with unequal sides2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 woody2 cavity acuminate1 unusually large1 deep1 russeted1 occasionally furrowed and wrinkled1 slightly lipped2 calyx small1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acute2 basin deep1 obtuse1 smooth1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 gritty1 roughish1 dull2 color yellow1 overspread with light russet1 mottled and flecked with russet2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh whitish1 granular at the center1 tender and melting1 juicy1 aromatic1 sweet but refreshing2 quality good to very good4 ,core small1 closed1 abaxile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 conical2 seeds small1 roundish1 plump1 obtuse4 ,illustration3 ,,seckel ,,seckel #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3aci4 #ahca4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ahc4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #gjh1 fig4 #ahdb4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dae1 fig4 #ahh4 #ahde4 #e4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #ea4 #ahdh4 #f4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3cc1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #g4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3deg1 fig4 #cd4 #ahec4 #h4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #bi1 fig4 #ac4 #ahff-gc4 #i4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fef1 figs4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,guide ,prat4 #fc1 #cjc4 #ahgf4 ,seckle4 #aa4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #ahi1 fig4 #be4 #ahag4 #ab4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #c3bef1 ,pl4 #i4 #ahbj4 #ac4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #b3gb1 ,pl4 #ahbi4 #ad4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,eng47 #a3dhh4 #ahcc4 #ae4 ,pom4 ,france #b3 ,no4 #fd1 ,pl4 #fd4 #ahfd4 #af4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #crd ,ser4 #d3abh4 #ahhb4 #ag4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdd4 #ahhd4 #ah4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aig4 #aibj4 ,seckel is an ,american pear distinct in type from any ,european variety4 ,among the several hundred pears that are grown on this side of the ,atlantic1 ,seckel stands almost alone in vigor of tree1 productiveness1 and immunity to blight1 and is equalled by no other variety in high quality of fruit4 ,if the fruits were larger1 ,seckel would challenge the world as a pear for the markets as it now does as a pear for the home orchard4 ,after ,bartlett and the disreputable ,kieffer1 it is now more grown than any other variety in ,america1 everywhere being used as the standard for excellence4 ,the fruits are small1 not highly colored1 but attractive because clean and trim in contour4 ,but it is the flesh-characters that give the fruits their high standing4 ,the flesh is melting1 juicy1 perfumed and most exquisitely and delicately flavored1 with the curious character of having much of its spicy1 aromatic flavor in the skin1 which should never be discarded in eating4 ,the reddish-brown color of the fruit is another distinguishing character of ,seckel4 ,unlike most other dessert pears1 the fruits of this one are excellent for culinary purposes4 ,still another distinctive character is that the fruits do not lose much in quality by ripening on the tree4 ,besides being nearly iron-clad in resistance to blight and very productive1 the trees are almost as hardy as those of any other pear1 and are remarkable for their large1 low1 compact1 broadly pyramidal tops4 ,the tree is further distinguished by its short-jointed1 stout1 olive-colored wood1 and its habit of bearing fruits in clusters on the ends of the branches4 ,the trees do best in fertile soils which must not be a heavy clay4 ,its blossoms are markedly self-fertile4 ,there are several faults of fruit and tree4 ,the fruits are small and do not keep after maturity2 it costs twice as much to pick them as it does the large-fruited ,bartlett2 fruit and foliage are susceptible to scab2 the pears are too small for commercial canning2 and the trees are late in coming in bearing4 ,with these several faults1 however1 ,seckel is usually a profitable commercial variety as a well-grown crop almost always commands a fancy price4 ,for the home orchard1 ,seckel has no rival in any part of ,north ,america where ,european varieties are grown4 ,toward the close of the eighteenth century1 there lived in ,philadelphia a well-known sportsman and cattle dealer known as ,dutch ,jacob4 ,every autumn1 upon returning from shooting excursions1 ,dutch ,jacob distributed among his neighbors pears of exceedingly delicious flavor4 ,the place of their growth he kept secret4 ,in time1 a tract of land south of ,philadelphia was disposed of in parcels1 and ,dutch ,jacob secured the ground on which his favorite pear tree stood1 a neck of land near the ,delaware river4 ,shortly afterwards this land became the property of a ,mr4 ,seckel1 who gave the pear his name and introduced it4 ,later1 the property was added to the estate of ,stephen ,girard1 and the original tree long remained vigorous and fruitful4 ,the new variety was soon widely disseminated and everywhere became popular4 ,as early as #ahai1 ,dr4 ,hossack of ,new ,york sent trees of the variety to the ,london ,horticultural ,society1 whence it was later distributed in ,england4 ,there is much difference of opinion as to the spelling of the name of this pear4 ,coxe1 who lived in ,philadelphia and probably knew the introducer of the pear1 writing in #ahag1 spelled the name ,seckle4 ,english pomologists have followed ,coxe4 ,nearly all of ,coxe's contemporaries1 however1 spelled it ,seckel1 the spelling now in common use4 ,at the first meeting of the ,american ,pomological ,society1 held in #ahdh1 ,seckel was recommended for general cultivation and the variety has ever held its place among the pears recommended by the ,society4 ,tree large and very vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense-topped1 hardy1 very productive1 long-lived2 trunk very stocky2 branches thick1 reddish-brown mingled with dull gray scarf-skin1 covered with small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 dark reddish-brown1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 obtuse or pointed1 appressed2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 oval1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long2 stipules very long when present4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 free2 flowers #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #g or #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #e_/h in4 long1 slender1 lightly pubescent1 light green1 slightly streaked with red4 ,fruit ripe in ,october2 small1 #b-a_/d in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 obovate1 symmetrical2 stem #a_/b in4 long1 short1 thick1 often curved2 cavity obtuse1 with a very shallow1 narrow depression1 symmetrical2 calyx small1 partly open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 variable in width1 acute2 basin very shallow and narrow1 strongly obtuse1 symmetrical2 skin smooth1 dull2 color yellowish-brown1 lightly marked with pale russet and often with a lively russet-red cheek2 dots numerous1 very small1 russet or grayish2 flesh white1 with a faint tinge of yellow1 slightly granular1 melting1 buttery1 very juicy2 sweet1 with an exceedingly rich1 aromatic1 spicy flavor2 quality very good to best4 ,core small1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 conical2 seeds small1 short1 not very plump1 obtuse4 ,illustration3 ,,sheldon ,,sheldon #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3beb1 fig4 #be4 #ahea4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aea4 #ahed4 #c4 ,ibid4 #baj4 #ahef4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ddd1 fig4 #aheg4 #e4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cdg4 #ahei4 #f4 ,hoffy ,n4 ,am4 ,pom4 #a3 ,pl4 #ahfj4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #b1 #aai1 fig4 #aef4 #ahff-gc4 #h4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hee1 fig4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ffb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,were the fruits alone to be considered1 ,sheldon would take rank as one of the best of all pears4 ,the fruits please both the eye and the palate4 ,those of no rival in season surpass them either in appearance or in characters that satisfy taste4 ,while not large1 the fruits are of sufficient size to meet the demands of a good dessert pear4 ,the shape is a perfect turbinate1 truncated at the base of the fruit1 usually very symmetrical1 and the fruits run uniform in shape4 ,in color1 the pears are distinctive in their russeted skin1 with a handsome ruddy cheek4 ,the accompanying color-plate does not do justice to the fruit in illustrating size1 shape1 or color4 ,the flesh is melting and juicy1 and deserves1 more than that of almost any other pear1 the adjective luscious4 ,the flavor is sweet1 vinous1 and highly perfumed4 ,the fruits keep well1 ship well1 and sell well during their season1 and are esteemed both for dessert and for culinary purposes4 ,the list of faults in the trees is as long as the list of virtues in the fruits4 ,the trees1 while large1 vigorous1 and hardy1 blight as badly as any pear-tree in the orchard1 are reluctant in coming in bearing1 niggardly in production1 and seldom hold their crop well4 ,with these faults of the tree1 ,sheldon is not a commercial variety of high rank1 but the splendid fruits make it worth growing by the pear-fancier1 in the home orchard1 or for the markets where the faults of the trees are not too marked4 ,the variety grows better in ,new ,york1 possibly1 than in any other part of the ,united ,states4 ,this pear is a native of the town of ,huron1 ,new ,york4 ,the original tree stood on the premises of ,major ,sheldon1 having sprung from seed brought by his father from ,washington1 ,new ,york1 about #ahae4 ,the fruit was first exhibited at the ,pomological ,convention in ,syracuse in the autumn of #ahdi4 ,in #ahed1 ,sheldon was mentioned by the ,american ,pomological ,society as promising well1 and in #ahef it was given a place in the ,society's fruit-catalog4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 rapid-growing1 hardy1 moderately productive2 trunk stocky2 branches thick1 reddish-brown1 overlaid with dull gray scarf-skin1 marked with large lenticels2 branches thick1 dull brown1 glabrous1 with numerous slightly raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 above medium in length1 obtuse or somewhat pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/d in4 wide1 oval1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long4 ,flower-buds conical or pointed1 free2 flowers #a-a_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #ac or #ad buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a_/b in4 long1 thick1 pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit matures in ,october2 large1 #b-c_/d in4 long1 #b-a_/b in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 turbinate1 often with a tendency to oblateness1 symmetrical2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 nearly straight2 cavity obtuse1 deep1 slightly furrowed1 occasionally lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes very broad1 obtuse2 basin wide1 obtuse1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 granular1 tender1 roughish2 color dull greenish-yellow1 with a brownish-red blush1 overspread with russet nettings and streaks2 dots numerous1 small1 russet2 flesh whitish1 somewhat granular1 tender and melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 and vinous1 with a rich and pleasantly aromatic flavor2 quality very good to best4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds acute4 ,illustration3 ,,souvenir ,,du ,,congr,s ,,souvenir ,,du ,,congr,s #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3 ,no4 #afb1 ,pl4 #afb4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cd4 #ahge4 #c4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #cg1 ,pl4 #ahge4 #d4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ch3abj1 fig4 #ai4 #ahhj4 #e4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdg4 #ahhd4 #f4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cej1 fig4 #aijf4 ,andenken an den ,congress4 #g4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bcg4 #ahha4 #h4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #afh4 #ahhi4 #i4 ,deut4 ,obstsorten #f3 ,pt4 #af1 ,pl4 #aiaj4 ,souvenir4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahig4 #aa4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #agi4 #aiad4 ,very similar to ,clapp ,favorite and ,bartlett1 and not as good as either in fruit-characters1 ,souvenir du ,congrs hardly merits a place in ,american pomology4 ,the crop ripens between those of the two sorts with which it has been compared1 and the fruits are larger and often handsomer4 ,the fruits are said to be larger and of better quality when the tree is double-worked on the quince4 ,the tree is remarkable for vigor1 hardihood to cold1 and healthfulness2 and bears so abundantly that the crop must be thinned to prevent breaking of branches4 ,the variety grows especially well in ,new ,york1 and is deserving a place in home orchards and in fruit-collections4 ,the accompanying color-plate illustrates the size1 shape1 and color of this pear remarkably well4 ,souvenir du ,congrs owes its origin to ,m4 ,franois ,morel1 ,lyons1 ,france4 ,m4 ,morel grafted one of his pear-trees with cions taken from several other varieties1 including ,bartlett1 and from the tree thus grafted he obtained fruit1 seeds of which he sowed in #aheb4 ,one of the resultant trees bore fruit in #ahfc1 and the pears had so many earmarks of ,bartlett that it was at once assumed to be a seedling of that variety4 ,the tree continued to do well and in due course the variety was judged to be worthy of dissemination by the ,rhne ,horticultural ,society4 ,later1 ,m4 ,morel dedicated the new pear to the ,pomological ,congress of ,france4 ,the variety was introduced in the ,united ,states about #ahgj4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed ,souvenir du ,congrs on its fruit-catalog list in #ahge4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 very productive2 branches zigzag1 dull reddish-brown1 heavily overspread with ash-gray scarf-skin1 marked by small1 raised lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 reddish-brown1 overspread with dull gray mingled with green1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few small1 slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #a-g_/h in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 roundish-oval1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin tipped with very few glands1 finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 glabrous1 tinged with red4 ,flower-buds short1 conical or pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on very short spurs or branchlets2 flowers with a disagreeable odor1 #a-a_/h in4 across1 pinkish-white as the buds unfold1 becoming whitish1 in dense clusters1 #f to #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 heavily pubescent1 light green4 ,fruit ripe in ,september2 large1 #c-g_/af in4 long1 #b-aa_/af in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 oblong-acute-pyriform1 symmetrical1 with unequal sides2 stem #a in4 long1 short1 thick1 curved2 cavity obtuse1 almost lacking1 very shallow1 narrow1 russeted1 slightly furrowed1 often with the stem inserted beneath a pronounced irregular lip2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 acute2 basin wide1 obtuse and flaring1 slightly furrowed1 symmetrical1 smooth except for the thick1 russet covering2 color yellow1 with a reddish blush on the exposed cheek1 covered with nettings of russet and yellow patches2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh white1 with a faint tinge of yellow1 firm1 granular1 tender1 very juicy1 sweet1 with a musky flavor2 quality good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,souvenir ,d',,esp,,ren ,,souvenir ,d',,esp,,ren #a4 ,barry ,fr4 ,garden #cah4 #ahea4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #heg4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,tilton ,jour4 ,hort4 #f3ad1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,downing1 in #ahfi1 noted this old ,french pear as one of the best for either amateur or commercial grower1 and at that time it was rather widely planted4 ,now1 however1 growers seldom set it4 ,the trees are vigorous1 hardy1 healthy1 and productive1 and the fruits are attractive in appearance and rather good in quality1 but neither tree nor fruit rise much above mediocrity1 and the variety has no outstanding character to give it individuality4 ,the crop comes in season in ,december1 the pears keeping well until ripe1 after which they quickly decay4 ,the variety is worth planting only for the sake of diversity4 ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,belgium1 raised this pear from seed about the middle of the nineteenth century4 ,the name ,souvenir d',espren was at one time applied to ,fondante de ,nol in consequence of which confusion has existed as to the identity of the two sorts4 ,the pear reached ,america about #ahej4 ,tree medium in size1 upright1 slightly spreading1 dense-topped1 productive2 branches reddish-brown overlaid with thin scarf-skin1 marked with very conspicuous but scattering lenticels2 branchlets very thick and long1 with long internodes1 light brown mingled with green1 dull1 glabrous1 sprinkled with small1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds very small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-e_/h in4 wide2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin uneven1 finely serrate2 petiole #b-e_/h in4 long1 tinged red4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers open late1 showy1 #a-c_/h in4 across1 average #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/d in4 long1 slender4 ,fruit ripe the last of ,november and ,december2 large1 #c-a_/b in4 long1 #b-e_/h in4 wide1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 the surface uneven2 stem #a-a_/d in4 long1 slender2 cavity very obtuse and shallow or lacking1 the flesh drawn up about the base of the stem in a lip2 calyx partly open1 small2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 wrinkled2 skin thick1 roughened with russet2 color greenish-yellow1 mottled and patched with russet1 sprinkled with many russet dots and often with russet overspreading nearly the entire surface2 dots numerous1 russet1 small2 flesh yellowish1 very granular near the center1 firm1 crisp but tender1 juicy1 with a pleasant1 aromatic1 vinous flavor2 quality good to very good4 ,core large1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds small1 short1 plump1 acute1 light brown4 ,illustration3 ,,sudduth ,,sudduth #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #add1 ,pl4 #ahid4 #b4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ada4 #ahid4 #c4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ai3abf1 figs4 #icf and #icg4 #ahif4 #d4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #ai3ajh4 #ahif4 #e4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #i4 #ahig4 #f4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bfd4 #aijc4 ,sudduth has little to recommend it for ,new ,york or eastern pear regions1 but it is a standard sort in parts of the ,mississippi ,valley4 ,the characters which give it a place in the pear flora of the region just named are remarkable freedom from blight1 hardiness to cold and heat1 capacity to withstand drought1 early bearing1 and great productiveness4 ,the fruits are neither attractive in appearance nor high in quality--hardly fit for dessert1 being but a grade or two better than the disreputable ,kieffer4 ,like those of the ,kieffer1 however1 the fruits do very well for all culinary purposes4 ,they do not keep well as they soften at the center soon after becoming edible4 ,the trees are said to be nearly as hardy as those of the wild crab-apple4 ,the variety is desirable only where hardiness and freedom from blight are prime requisites4 ,the ,sudduth pear was introduced about #ahie1 although the parent tree was at that time fully seventy years old4 ,it originated from seed planted by ,thomas ,constant in #ahbj1 in ,sangamon ,county1 ,illinois4 ,later1 ,judge ,stephen ,a4 ,logan of ,springfield1 ,abraham ,lincoln's first law partner1 acquired the property on which the tree stood and from him ,titus ,sudduth bought the place in #ahfb4 ,sudduth was so impressed with the fruit that he had trees propagated by ,augustine and ,company1 ,normal1 ,illinois1 and disseminated under his name4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright becoming quite spreading1 open-topped1 hardy1 productive2 trunk stocky1 shaggy2 branches thick1 smooth1 dull reddish-brown1 almost entirely covered with gray scarf-skin1 sprinkled with numerous large1 raised lenticels2 branchlets slender1 curved1 long1 with long internodes1 dull reddish-brown1 overspread with thin gray scarf-skin which is mingled with green1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous1 with conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 pointed1 appressed1 somewhat flattened4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-e_/h in4 wide1 thin1 velvety2 apex taper-pointed2 margin glandless1 finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long1 slender1 tinged red1 glabrous4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers late1 #a-a_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 thick1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,september and ,october2 medium or below in size1 #b-a_/d in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 roundish-oblate1 slightly conical toward the apex2 stem #g_/h in4 long1 slender2 cavity acute1 deep1 narrow1 smooth1 sometimes lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 acute2 basin very shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 occasionally wrinkled2 skin thin1 tough1 smooth1 dull2 color light green1 without blush2 dots very small1 russet or greenish1 very obscure2 flesh greenish-white1 firm1 crisp1 rather dry1 subacid2 quality medium to poor4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube wide1 conical2 carpels ovate2 seeds variable in size1 wide1 flat1 obtuse4 ,illustration3 ,,summer ,,doyenn ,,summer ,,doyenn #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dj4 #ahhc4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fea4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #ahj1 fig4 #aiad4 ,doyenn d't4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ccf4 #ahde4 #e4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ejh1 fig4 #ahdg4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3ff1 fig4 #h4 #ahdg4 #g4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ei1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #aheb4 #i4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #c3dia1 fig4 #ahec4 #aj4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gdb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,sommerdechantsbirne4 #aa4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bj4 #ahef4 ,doyenn de ,juillet4 #ab4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #ac4 ,guide ,prat4 #eg1 #bff4 #ahgf4 ,juli ,dechantsbirne4 #ad4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bci4 #ahhi4 #ae4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #ea1 ,pl4 #ajh4 #ahid4 ,the extremely early and highly flavored fruits1 which are borne in prodigious quantities1 make this a very desirable pear for the home garden4 ,the fruits have no value for the markets1 as they are small1 do not keep well1 and are unattractive4 ,the tree1 while never large1 is of medium size1 comes in bearing early1 is hardy1 and is as free as most of its orchard associates from blight4 ,both fruit and foliage suffer badly from pear-scab1 and no amount of spraying can give the fruits a fair cheek in seasons when this fungus is epidemic4 ,van ,mons is supposed to have originated this variety about #ahjj as ,diel mentioned it among his best pears in #ahab4 ,summer ,doyenn was first brought to the notice of ,american pomologists by ,william ,kenrick1 who compiled a description of it as early as #ahcf4 ,it does not1 however1 appear to have been introduced until #ahdc4 ,it was recommended for general culture in the ,united ,states by the ,american ,pomological ,society in #aheb4 ,tree variable in size1 upright1 vigorous1 very productive2 trunk slender2 branches slender1 slightly zigzag1 brownish1 overlaid with gray scarf-skin1 marked with numerous conspicuous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long1 light brown mingled with green1 the new growth tinged with red1 smooth1 glabrous except near the ends of the new growth1 with numerous raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 sharply pointed1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars with prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #b-g_/h in4 long1 #a-a_/h in4 wide1 thin1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-c_/d in4 long1 tinged with pink4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 plump1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/d in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #g to #i buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/d in4 long1 slender1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in early ,august2 small1 #a-a_/b in4 long1 #a-e_/h in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long1 slender2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 slightly furrowed1 often lipped2 calyx small1 closed2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 furrowed2 skin thin1 smooth1 tender1 waxen yellow1 washed or blushed with bright red1 deepening on the exposed cheek to crimson2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 flesh tinged with yellow1 fine-grained1 tender and melting1 juicy1 variable in flavor and quality1 pleasantly sprightly under favorable conditions2 quality variable1 good under the best conditions4 ,core closed1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 narrow1 urn-shaped2 carpels roundish-ovate2 seeds small1 narrow1 flat1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,tyson ,,tyson #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3dcc1 fig4 #cj4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,horticulturist #a3dcc4 #ahdf-dg4 #c4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #ea4 #ahdh4 #d4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3cc1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ddd1 fig4 #aheg4 #f4 ,ibid4 #hgj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gaj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #ccc4 #ahha4 #i4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #ie1 ,pl4 #ie4 #ahhc4 #aj4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #ahb1 fig4 #aiad4 ,tyson competes with ,clapp ,favorite as the precursor of the pear season which is really opened by ,bartlett4 ,in every character of fruit and tree excepting size and color of fruit1 ,tyson excels ,clapp ,favorite4 ,the quality of the fruit far excels that of ,clapp ,favorite and it is better than that of ,bartlett4 ,indeed1 of commonly grown pears1 the characters of flesh and flavor are second only to those of the fruits of ,seckel4 ,the flesh is melting and juicy1 with a spicy1 scented sweetness that gives the fruit the charm of individuality4 ,the pears keep longer and ship better than those of ,clapp ,favorite2 their season in ,new ,york is from the middle of ,august to the middle of ,september4 ,unfortunately1 the pears are but medium in size1 and are often poorly colored1 both of which defects appear on the fruits of this variety as grown on the grounds of this ,station and shown in the accompanying illustration4 ,the tree is the most nearly perfect of that of any pear grown in ,america--the ,kieffer1 praiseworthy only in its tree1 not excepted4 ,the tree is certainly as hardy as that of any other variety1 if not hardier1 and resists better than that of any other sort the black scourge of blight4 ,add to these notable characters large size1 great vigor1 and fruitfulness1 and it is seen that the trees are nearly flawless4 ,the only fault is1 and this a comparatively trifling one1 that the trees are slow in coming in bearing4 ,tyson is the best pear of its season for the home orchard1 and has much merit for commercial orchards4 ,were the fruits larger1 it would rival ,bartlett for the markets4 ,no other variety offers so many good starting points for the pear-breeder4 ,tyson originated as a wilding found about #agid in a hedge on the land of ,jonathan ,tyson1 ,jenkintown1 ,pennsylvania4 ,the tree first bore fruit in #ahjj4 ,the pears proved to be so good that ,mr4 ,tyson distributed cions among his neighbors1 but the variety was not generally disseminated4 ,about #ahcg1 a ,doctor ,mease of ,philadelphia sent cions to ,b4 ,v4 ,french1 ,braintree1 near ,boston1 who in turn distributed them among his friends4 ,the variety fruited here about #ahdb1 and the fruit was exhibited before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society under the name ,tyson4 ,in #ahdh1 at the ,national ,convention of ,fruit-,growers1 ,tyson was recommended for general cultivation1 and since that date the name has appeared continuously in the catalogs of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,tree very large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 tall1 dense-topped1 hardy1 productive2 trunk very stocky1 rough2 branches thick1 dull reddish-brown1 overspread with gray scarf-skin1 with few lenticels2 branchlets slender1 short1 light brown mingled with green1 smooth1 glabrous1 sprinkled with few small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 appressed or free4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 thin2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin finely and shallowly serrate2 petiole #a-e_/h in4 long4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers medium in season of bloom4 ,fruit matures in late ,august2 medium in size1 #b-a_/h in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 roundish-acute-pyriform1 with unequal sides2 stem #a-c_/d in4 long1 curved2 cavity very shallow1 obtuse1 roughened1 usually drawing up as a lip about the base of the stem2 calyx open1 small2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 flaring1 slightly furrowed1 compressed2 skin tough1 smooth1 slightly russeted1 dull2 color deep yellow1 usually blushed2 dots numerous1 very small1 obscure2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular around the basin1 otherwise rather fine-grained1 tender and melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core small1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube1 short1 wide1 conical2 seeds medium in size and width1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,urbaniste ,,urbaniste #a4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #e3daa4 #ahbd4 #b4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #chd4 #ahca4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ahf4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3aca1 fig4 #ahdd4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dag1 fig4 #aij4 #ahde4 #f4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #fh1 fig4 #ahdg4 #g4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3ba1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #aheb4 #i4 ,pom4 ,france4 #a3 ,no4 #cb1 ,pl4 #cb4 #ahfc4 #aj4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #aic1 fig4 #ie4 #ahff-gc4 #aa4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hga1 fig4 #ahfi4 #ab4 ,guide ,prat4 #ei1 #cjh4 #ahgf4 #ac4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #feg4 #ahhd4 ,urbanister ,smling4 #ad4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aaf4 #ahef4 ,poire des ,urbanistes4 #ae4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gab1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,coloma's ,herbst ,butterbirne4 #af4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aig4 #ahhi4 #ag4 ,lucas ,tafelbirnen #aji1 fig4 #ahid4 ,urbaniste is another variety desirable for home use because of its highly-flavored fruits--so sweet1 rich1 perfumed1 and luscious as to be a natural sweetmeat4 ,the fruits are of but medium size and not particularly handsome1 but the taste excels the looks4 ,the flesh is as tender1 sweet1 juicy1 and as delicately perfumed as that of ,seckel or ,white ,doyenn1 but with a distinct flavor and scent which give the fruits the added charm of individuality4 ,the crop ripens in ,october1 in a season when there are many other pears1 but the fruits stand comparison with those of any other variety and are welcome additions to the fruit-basket4 ,the trees have several defects1 chief of which is tardiness in coming in bearing1 to remedy which grafting on the quince is recommended4 ,they are also susceptible to blight1 and are not as hardy as might be wished4 ,of all pears1 the tree of this variety is one of the handsomest--clean and tidy1 slender and graceful1 yet robust and productive4 ,fruit and tree make this a valuable variety for home plantings4 ,urbaniste originated as a wilding in the gardens of the religious order of ,urbanistes1 ,mechlin1 ,belgium4 ,after the suppression of this order in #aghc1 their gardens remained uncultivated for some time and produced new seedlings of considerable merit4 ,the beauty of one of these attracted the attention of ,count de ,coloma1 a well-known pomologist1 who acquired this property in #aghf1 and in due course propagated and disseminated the variety under the name ,urbaniste4 ,early in the nineteenth century1 ,count de ,coloma sent specimens of the pear to the ,london ,horticultural ,society1 which organization afterwards distributed it in ,england about #ahbc4 ,thomas ,andrew ,knight sent cions to ,john ,lowell1 ,roxbury1 ,massachusetts1 through whom it became disseminated in the ,united ,states4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,urbaniste to its fruit-catalog list in #aheb4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 slow-growing1 productive with age2 trunk slender1 shaggy2 branches stocky1 shaggy1 zigzag1 reddish-brown1 overspread with gray scarf-skin1 sprinkled with numerous lenticels2 branchlets long1 reddish-brown mingled with grayish scarf-skin1 smooth1 zigzag1 glabrous1 marked with conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 obtuse1 semi-free4 ,leaves #b-a_/d in4 long1 #g_/h in4 wide1 thin1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds short1 variable in shape1 free4 ,fruit ripe in late ,october and early ,november2 medium in size1 #b-c_/h in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 with unequal sides2 stem #e_/h in4 long1 short1 thick2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 faintly russeted1 furrowed1 slightly lipped2 calyx open2 lobes separated at the base1 narrow1 obtuse2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 slightly furrowed2 skin thick1 tough1 roughened by the russet nettings1 dull2 color pale yellow1 often with a faint russet-red blush on the exposed cheek and marked with nettings and patches of russet2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular especially around the core1 tender and melting1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasantly aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds medium in size and width1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,vermont ,,beauty ,,vermont ,,beauty #a4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fe4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,ibid4 #agf4 #ahij4 #c4 ,ibid4 #acd4 #ahia4 #d4 ,can4 ,hort4 #af3ahd4 #ahic4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cg4 #ahii4 #f4 ,ellwanger ,barry ,cat4 #ah4 #aijj4 #g4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bfg4 #aijc4 ,the fruits of ,vermont ,beauty elicit praise from all who see or taste them4 ,the bright-cheeked pears are as alluring to the eye as those of any other1 and are almost as delectable as those of ,seckel1 which they resemble in shape1 but are larger and handsomer4 ,of all pears1 those of this variety 7or of ,forelle1 with which it may be identical7 best satisfy the eye for bright color4 ,the crop ripens a little later and keeps longer than that of ,seckel1 and for these reasons1 and because of the handsome appearance1 should sell better4 ,the pears will probably be most used to grace the table and for dessert1 but the somewhat more sprightly flavor makes them better suited for all culinary purposes than those of ,seckel4 ,the trees are scarcely less satisfactory than the fruits4 ,they are preminent among their kind by virtue of large size1 rapidity of growth1 productivity1 and hardiness1 the region from which the variety came bespeaking greater hardihood to cold than that possessed by the average variety4 ,the trees rejoice in vigor and health as do those of almost no other variety1 and while hardly as productive as those of ,seckel1 yet because of greater size the pears fill the basket nearly as quickly4 ,vermont ,beauty is one of the best of the pears of its season1 and deserves a place in the orchards of the country for home and market4 ,vermont ,beauty is supposed to have originated in the nursery of ,benjamin ,macomber1 ,grand ,isle1 ,vermont1 more than forty years ago4 ,macomber maintained a small nursery1 and this pear was one of several hundreds planted for stock4 ,the tree was budded in the usual manner1 but the bud failed to grow1 and the original tree was allowed to stand without another budding4 ,after the variety fruited1 it attracted so much attention that ,macomber propagated it4 ,later1 it was introduced by ,w4 ,p4 ,rupert and ,son1 ,seneca1 ,new ,york4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society1 recognizing its worth1 added the variety to its fruit-catalog in #ahii4 ,there has long been doubt in the minds of the writers as to whether ,vermont ,beauty is distinct from ,forelle4 ,careful comparison has been made of the fruit- and tree-characters of the two sorts1 and it is found that they are so closely allied as to be indistinguishable4 ,it is possible that a tree of the old ,german pear may have found its way into ,macomber's nursery and received the new name4 ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense-topped1 hardy1 productive2 trunk stocky1 shaggy2 branches zigzag1 reddish-brown1 thinly overspread with gray scarf-skin1 with numerous large lenticels2 branchlets very thick1 long1 reddish-brown mingled with green1 thickly covered with ash-gray scarf-skin near the tips1 smooth1 glabrous except near the ends of the new growth1 sprinkled with numerous small1 roundish1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 free4 ,leaves #b-c_/d in4 long1 #a-c_/h in4 wide1 leathery2 apex abruptly-or taper-pointed2 margin glandless1 finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long1 glabrous1 slender1 pinkish-green4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers characteristically small1 average #a in4 across1 in dense clusters1 about #f buds in a cluster1 the petals unusually small2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 slender1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,october and ,november2 medium in size1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b in4 wide1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 curved2 cavity extremely small or lacking1 the flesh folded up around the base of the stem1 occasionally lipped2 calyx small1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 smooth1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tough1 smooth or with slight russet markings2 color clear pale lemon-yellow1 with a broad and brilliantly blushed cheek1 fading at the sides into pinkish-red dots2 dots numerous1 very small1 light russet1 conspicuous2 flesh tinged with yellow1 granular at the center but fine-grained near the skin1 tender and melting1 very juicy1 with a rich1 vinous flavor2 quality very good4 ,core closed1 axile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,vicar ,,of ,,winkfield ,,vicar ,,of ,,winkfield #a4 ,card4 ,chron4 #bj1 fig4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3abi1 #bfi4 #ahdc4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ddh1 fig4 #bjh4 #ahde4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #aheb4 #e4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cdd1 fig4 #ahed4 #f4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #g3dad4 #ahfd4 #g4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hge1 fig4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffj4 #ahhd4 ,vicar4 #i4 ,mawe-,abercrombie ,univ4 ,gard4 ,bot4 #aggh4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dj4 #ahhc4 #aa4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #ahc4 #aiad4 ,clion4 #ab4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aei4 #ahda4 ,le ,cur4 #ac4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3dg1 ,pl4 #ahea4 ,cur4 #ad4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #ah1 ,pl4 #ah4 #ahfc4 #ae4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3faj1 fig4 #ahfg4 #af4 ,guide ,prat4 #fa1 #bfa4 #ahgf4 #ag4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #cif1 fig4 #aijd4 #ah4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bba1 fig4 #aijf4 ,pastorenbirne4 #ai4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bfb4 #ahhi4 #bj4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #ei1 ,pl4 #di4 #ahid4 ,though large and handsome1 the pears of this variety vary so much in quality1 often being wretchedly poor1 that trees of it are now seldom planted in ,america4 ,the variety is not liked1 also1 because the trees blight badly4 ,the fruits1 besides being large and handsome1 keep well1 and are excellent for all culinary purposes4 ,they are in season from ,november to ,january4 ,the pears have a strong musky smell1 and are more or less astringent4 ,the quality depends largely on the soil1 and is best when the trees stand in a deep1 warm loam4 ,the fruits are long-pyriform1 usually one-sided1 and are further characterized by the peculiarity that the calyx is not in line with the axis1 as in other pears1 but is on one side1 generally opposite to that in which the stalk is inserted as shown in the accompanying illustration4 ,the trees1 barring susceptibility to blight1 are about all that could be desired--large1 vigorous1 handsome1 and thrive both as standards and dwarfs4 ,many old trees of largest size of this variety are still to be found in ,new ,york1 but young stock is now seldom set4 ,in #agfj1 this pear was found as a wilding by a ,french curate at ,villiers-en-,brenne4 ,in due course it was introduced into ,england by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,l4 ,rahm1 ,vicar of ,winkfield1 in ,berkshire1 and from this circumstance it lost its proper name1 ,cur or ,le ,cur1 and wrongly acquired that by which it is now known here and in ,england4 ,the variety was introduced to ,america early in the nineteenth century4 ,it was placed on the list of recommended fruits by the ,american ,pomological ,society in #aheb4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense-topped1 hardy1 very productive1 long-lived2 trunk and branches stocky2 branches zigzag1 greenish-brown overspread with grayish scarf-skin1 with lenticels variable in number and size2 branchlets curved1 thick1 long and willowy1 with long internodes1 light greenish-brown which is mingled with red on the newer growth1 smooth1 glabrous except near the ends of the new growth1 sprinkled with conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 free4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #b-a_/d in4 wide1 thick1 leathery2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin tipped with minute scattering glands1 finely serrate2 petiole variable in length1 pinkish-green2 stipules short1 tinged with pink4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on very short spurs4 ,fruit ripe ,december to ,january2 large1 #d-a_/d in4 long1 #c in4 wide1 oblong-pyriform1 with a long1 tapering neck1 with unequal sides2 stem #a-a_/h in4 long1 slender1 curved2 cavity lacking1 with stem obliquely set without a depression and often with a fleshy fold around the base in the form of a lip2 calyx large1 open2 lobes long1 unusually broad1 obtusely pointed2 basin very shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 smooth1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tough1 smooth1 dull2 color pale yellow1 often with a faint trace of a brownish-red blush over the exposed cheek1 marked with light russet around the calyx1 and occasionally with russet flecks scattered over the surface2 dots numerous1 small1 conspicuous1 brownish-russet2 flesh white1 granular only near the center1 tender and melting1 juicy1 somewhat astringent or with a sprightly muskiness1 with no pleasant aroma2 quality inferior for dessert but good for cooking4 ,core small1 closed1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 narrow1 funnel-shaped2 carpels long-oval2 seeds large1 long1 not very plump1 often abortive4 ,illustration3 ,,white ,,doyenn ,,white ,,doyenn #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #b3fj1 ,pl4 #ahbi4 #b4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #che4 #ahca4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3dc4 #ahca4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cgh1 fig4 #afb4 #ahde4 #e4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #ea4 #ahdh4 #f4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3he1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #g4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #d3aeh1 ,pl4 #ahed4 #h4 ,ibid4 ,n4 ,s4 #f3djf4 #ahef4 #i4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hhj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffc4 #ahhd4 ,warwicke4 #aa4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,doyenn4 #ab4 ,langley ,pomona #acb4 #agbi4 #ac4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bje1 ,pl4 ,,xliii4 #agfh4 #ad4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #b3 ,pt4 #a4 #ahjg4 #ae4 ,brookshaw ,pom4 ,brit4 #b3 ,pl4 #di4 #ahag4 #af4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #b3age1 ,pl4 #ib4 #ahbc4 #ag4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eb1 fig4 #ahfi4 #ah4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ea4 #ahih4 ,virgalieu4 #ai4 ,prince ,cat4 #agga4 ,white ,beurr4 #bj4 ,mawe-,abercrombie ,univ4 ,gard4 ,bot4 #aggh4 ,weisse ,herbst ,butterbirne4 #ba4 ,christ ,handb4 #eaa4 #ahag4 #bb4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #ajj4 #ahbe4 #bc4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3hd4 #ahef4 #bd4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #af1 ,pl4 #af4 #ahhb4 #be4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bif4 #ahhi4 ,saint-,michael4 #bf4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #aia1 fig4 #ch4 #ahag4 ,doyenn ,blanc4 #bg4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #e3ace4 #ahbd4 #bh4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aba4 #ahda4 #bi4 ,pom4 ,france #a3 ,no4 #gd1 ,pl4 #gd4 #ahfc4 #cj4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #b1 #ai1 fig4 #ajf4 #ahff-gc4 #ca4 ,guide ,prat4 #fc1 #bfd4 #ahgf4 #cb4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bcf1 fig4 #aijf4 ,thorp4 #cc4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #eec4 #aheg4 #cd4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bd3eaf4 #aheh4 ,bonne-,ente4 #ce4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ecb4 #ahfj4 ,this ancient and world-renowned pear1 its fruits the most delectable of any that come from a pear orchard1 is now rarely planted in ,america4 ,it is being discarded because the small and comparatively unattractive fruits fail to satisfy commercial demands4 ,in the middle of the last century1 when there was almost a mania for the best of the ,european pears1 when fruits were judged by the palate rather than the eye as now1 ,white ,doyenn was one of the most commonly planted varieties4 ,proof of its popularity at home and abroad is found in the great number of names under which it has been grown4 ,a more serious fault than small and unattractive pears is that the fruits and foliage are inviting prey to the scab-fungus1 which often cracks and scabs the pears and defoliates the trees4 ,except in susceptibility to scab1 the trees are nearly perfect when grown in the soil which they prefer--a rich clay1 heavy rather than light4 ,on such a soil1 tree and fruit attain perfection4 ,the accompanying illustration shows this pear at its best in color and size--a handsome fruit rather than the unattractive product so often seen4 ,grown in a light soil1 and when scab is unchecked1 the fruits are small1 green1 cracked1 and cankered--intolerable to sight and taste4 ,unfortunately1 also1 the trees are ravaged by blight when that disease is epidemic4 ,the faults named have made the variety an outcast1 but it should still receive attention for the superb quality of its fruits where scab and blight can be controlled4 ,this pear is one of the oldest of all varieties4 ,it is impossible to state whether it originated in ,france or was brought to that country from ,italy4 ,a ,german1 ,henri ,manger1 who studied the origin of fruits1 states in his ,systematische ,pomologie1 #aghj1 that the ,white ,doyenn originated with the ,romans2 he considered it to be their ,sementinum4 ,agostino ,gallo1 #aeei1 called the variety ,pera ,ghiacciuola4 ,in #affj1 ,claude ,saint-,etienne described a ,poire de ,neige4 ,both of these descriptions represent ,white ,doyenn4 ,in the sixteenth century and for part of the seventeenth1 the name ,ghiacciuola was accepted for the variety in ,france with the synonym ,saint-,michel4 ,leroy states that ,le ,lectier1 in his catalog of the fruit trees which he grew at ,orlans in #afbh1 changed the name to ,giaccole de ,rome1 and ,nicholas de ,bonnefonds modified it in the first edition of his ,jardinier ,francais1 #afeb1 to ,giacciola di ,roma4 ,english pomologists have mentioned this pear under a variety of names since early in the seventeenth century4 ,the names ,poire ,doyenn and ,white ,doyenn have been most generally applied to it4 ,the date of its introduction to ,america is not known1 but it was probably brought to this country by the earliest ,french settlers4 ,the first ,american catalogs mentioned the variety1 and it was extensively grown in the vicinity of ,new ,york and ,long ,island where it was commonly called the ,virgalieu pear4 ,in the neighborhood of ,boston1 the name ,saint-,michael was applied to it2 while around ,philadelphia it was called the ,butter ,pear4 ,for nearly a century1 however1 the variety has been most generally known in this country as ,white ,doyenn4 ,at the ,convention of ,fruit-,growers held in ,new ,york1 in #ahdh1 ,white ,doyenn was included in a short list of pears recommended for general cultivation4 ,since that date1 the ,american ,pomological ,society has given the variety a place in its fruit-catalog4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 vasiform1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk stocky1 somewhat smooth2 branches thick1 dark gray1 with many large lenticels2 branchlets thick1 reddish-brown1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 very slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds obtuse1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-c_/d in4 wide1 flattened1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds large1 long1 conical or pointed1 free2 flowers early1 #a-a_/h in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #g or #h buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 slender1 pubescent1 light green4 ,fruit matures in early ,october2 medium in size1 #b-a_/d in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 uniform1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick1 slightly curved2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 russeted1 usually symmetrical2 calyx small1 open or closed2 lobes short1 narrow1 obtuse2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 nearly smooth1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tough1 smooth1 dull2 color clear pale yellow1 with a small1 bright red blush on the exposed cheek2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 granular1 firm at first but becoming melting when fully ripe1 juicy1 sweet1 with a rich1 aromatic flavor2 quality very good4 ,core closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds wide1 plump1 obtuse4 ,illustration3 ,,wilder ,,early ,,wilder ,,early #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ab3bhf1 fig4 #gc4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ac3bea1 ,pl4 #ahij4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #cg4 #ahii4 #d4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bfh4 #aijc4 ,early ,wilder4 #e4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahif4 ,wilder4 #f4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #ahc1 fig4 #aiad4 ,this is one of the good1 early pears for the markets4 ,it is more highly prized in the ,mississippi ,valley than in ,new ,york and the ,eastern states where summer pears are raised in greater variety4 ,the pears are very attractive in size1 shape1 and particularly in the bright lemon-yellow color1 with a flaming cheek to the sun1 the whole pear being characteristically marked with small1 russet dots set in a pinkish circle4 ,of all summer pears the fruits of this one seem least inclined to rot at the center1 and usually keep longer and ship better1 although the skin is tender and bruises easily4 ,the flesh is buttery1 moderately juicy1 sweet and rich1 with a faint1 pleasant perfume4 ,the fruits are small but are usually larger than those of the well-known ,seckel1 and are edible almost to the very center4 ,the tree is large1 vigorous1 prodigiously productive1 as healthy as any1 and a remarkably handsome ornamental4 ,despite this catalog of virtues1 ,wilder ,early is not largely planted in ,new ,york4 ,wilder ,early is a chance seedling found by ,charles ,a4 ,green1 ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 about #ahhd1 in ,chautauqua ,county1 ,new ,york4 ,at the time of its discovery the tree was already in bearing4 ,the variety was named after ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder1 ,president of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,the name first appeared in the fruit-catalog of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahii4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 dense-topped1 rapid-growing1 hardy1 very productive2 branches zigzag1 reddish-brown overspread with gray scarf-skin1 with numerous lenticels2 branchlets thick1 very long1 light greenish-brown1 lightly streaked with ash-gray scarf-skin1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous except near the tips of the new growth1 sprinkled with many conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds small1 short1 pointed1 appressed2 leaf-scars prominent4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #a-g_/h in4 wide1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin very finely serrate2 petiole #b in4 long1 glabrous4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 singly on short spurs2 flowers late1 #a-c_/af in4 across1 white or tinged with pink1 in dense clusters1 average #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a_/b in4 long1 pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in late ,august2 large1 #b-c_/d in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 oblong-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 very thick2 cavity acute1 narrow1 russeted and with rays of russet extending over the sides1 slightly compressed1 rarely lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 long1 narrow1 acuminate2 basin very shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 wrinkled2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth1 dull2 color pale lemon-yellow1 with a pinkish blush on the exposed cheek often deepening to dark pink2 dots characteristically distinct1 very numerous1 small1 russet or russet-red2 flesh white1 stringy1 tender and melting1 buttery1 moderately juicy1 sweet1 faintly aromatic2 quality good4 ,core small1 closed1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube long1 narrow1 conical2 seeds long1 narrow1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,winter ,,bartlett ,,winter ,,bartlett #a4 ,ore4 ,bd4 ,hort4 ,rpt4 #db4 #ahie4 #b4 ,ore4 ,nur4 ,cat4 #ai4 #aijc4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #da4 #aiji4 #d4 ,cal4 ,com4 ,hort4 ,pear ,grow4 ,cal4 #g3 ,no4 #e1 #bgh1 fig4 #id4 #aiah4 ,winter ,bartlett is heralded from the ,pacific ,coast as a winter variety bearing fruits similar to those of ,bartlett4 ,as the fruits grow in ,new ,york there is a suggestion of ,bartlett in the shape1 color1 and flavor of the fruits1 but in size1 as the color-plate shows1 the newcomer falls far short of the older pear4 ,the season is ,december and ,january1 a time when there are a half-dozen other good pears1 and since this one has no outstanding characters to make it notable1 it is doubtful if it will outlive a brief period of probation in eastern orchards4 ,the westerners say that the tree is very resistant to blight1 a statement neither proved nor disproved in the ,east as yet4 ,the variety is worth trying in a small way in ,new ,york4 ,this pear seems to have originated at ,eugene1 ,oregon1 some time prior to #ahhj1 and to have been introduced by ,d4 ,w4 ,coolidge of ,eugene1 although it must have been grown to some extent before ,mr4 ,coolidge brought it to the front4 ,because of its resemblance to ,bartlett1 it is assumed that it is a seedling of that variety4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,winter ,bartlett to its catalog of fruits in #aiji4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 scraggly1 open-topped1 hardy1 productive2 branches stocky1 smooth1 light-brown overlaid with gray scarf-skin1 with few lenticels2 branchlets thick1 curved1 long1 with long internodes1 brownish-red1 streaked with gray scarf-skin1 glossy1 smooth1 glabrous1 sprinkled with conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds large1 long1 conical1 pointed1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars with very prominent shoulders4 ,leaves #c-a_/d in4 long1 #a-c_/h in4 wide1 stiff2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole #b-a_/d in4 long4 ,flower-buds conical1 plump1 free1 singly on spurs variable in length2 flowers very late1 #a-a_/b in4 across1 in dense clusters1 average #e buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a in4 long1 thick1 thinly pubescent4 ,fruit ripe in ,december and ,january2 large1 #c in4 long1 #b-c_/h in4 wide1 oblong-obovate-pyriform2 stem #a in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity narrow1 shallow1 smooth1 oblique2 calyx small1 nearly closed2 lobes short2 basin small1 shallow1 irregular2 skin uneven in surface2 color yellow1 splashed with russet and often blushed on the exposed cheek with bright red2 dots numerous1 small1 brownish-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine-grained1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant-flavored2 quality good to very good4 ,core small1 nearly closed1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide2 seeds large1 long1 plump1 obtuse4 ,illustration3 ,,winter ,,nelis ,,winter ,,nelis #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #c3abf1 ,pl4 #ahcj4 #b4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #dji4 #ahca4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aii4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3abg4 #ahdd4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dej1 fig4 #bjh4 #ahde4 #f4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #bj1 fig4 #ahde4 #g4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #ea4 #ahdh4 #h4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ae1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #i4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hhd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cci4 #ahha4 #aa4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3 ,no4 #di1 ,pl4 #di4 #ahhb4 #ab4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffg4 #ahhd4 #ac4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cja4 #ahhi4 #ad4 ,deut4 ,obstsorten #e3 ,pt4 #ae1 ,pl4 #aiji4 ,la ,bonne ,malinoise4 #ae4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #d3bgf4 #ahbb4 #af4 ,ibid4 #e3djh4 #ahbd4 ,thouin4 #ag4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bc4 #ahef4 ,bonne de ,malines4 #ah4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3gg1 ,pl4 #aheh4 #ai4 ,pom4 ,france #b3 ,no4 #ec1 ,pl4 #ec4 #ahfd4 #bj4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dhd1 figs4 #ahfg4 #ba4 ,guide ,prat4 #fj1 #beb4 #ahgf4 #bb4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bjb4 #aijf4 ,nlis d',hiver4 #bc4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3bi bis1 fig4 #ba4 #ahff-gc4 ,winter ,nelis is the standard winter pear in the ,united ,states4 ,both fruits and trees possess several serious faults1 but these are outmatched by virtues which make the variety preminent in its season4 ,the fruits are small and are often so poorly colored as to be unattractive1 but well grown they are sufficiently large for dessert fruits and are very handsome in a much-russeted coat and a ruddy cheek4 ,flesh and flavor are the chief assets of the fruits4 ,the flesh is tender1 melting1 juicy1 luscious1 with a rich1 sweet1 aromatic flavor--one of the most delectable of all pears4 ,the fruits keep1 ship1 and sell well4 ,the season is from ,christmas to ,march1 but the pears can be kept until late spring in cold-storage4 ,the trees begin badly1 for no variety is more difficult to grow well in the nursery4 ,they thrive only on standard stocks1 refusing to do well on the quince unless double worked4 ,in the orchard1 the trees are among the unmanageables4 ,they are small or of but medium size1 with straggling1 wayward tops with habits of growth so self assertive that no art nor skill of the pruner can bring the branches under control4 ,the limbs are always crooked2 some bend inward toward the main stem1 some are upright1 some droop1 and no two behave in quite the same way4 ,notwithstanding the illy-shaped tops1 the trees are often enormously productive so that the crop usually requires thinning4 ,they bear almost annually2 come in bearing young2 are fairly hardy2 and are adapted to almost any soil or situation provided1 only1 that the soil is fertile or well fertilized4 ,they are as nearly immune to blight as those of any other ,european pear4 ,the trees are characterized by two marked peculiarities3 the old wood is thickly set with small1 short spurs2 and they are about the latest of all their kind in leafing out in the spring4 ,there is no better winter pear for either the commercial pear-grower or the amateur1 and the variety grows especially well in ,new ,york4 ,winter ,nelis was raised from seed by ,jean ,charles ,nlis1 ,mechlin1 ,belgium1 early in the nineteenth century4 ,it was introduced into ,england by the ,london ,horticultural ,society under the name ,la ,bonne ,malinoise4 ,subsequently this name was cancelled and that of ,winter ,nelis adopted1 the name which had been given the variety by ,van ,mons in honor of the originator4 ,in #ahbc1 ,thomas ,andrew ,knight1 ,president of the ,london ,horticultural ,society1 sent cions of the variety to ,john ,lowell1 ,roxbury1 ,massachusetts1 who1 in his turn1 shared them with ,robert ,manning1 ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 whence the sort was very generally disseminated in this country and attained great popularity4 ,at the ,national ,convention of ,fruit-,growers held in ,new ,york in #ahdh1 ,winter ,nelis was included in a short list of pears recommended for general cultivation4 ,for more than half a century the name has appeared in the fruit-catalogs of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,tree medium in size and vigor1 spreading1 hardy1 very productive2 trunk stocky2 branches thick1 zigzag1 reddish-brown mingled with gray scarf-skin1 marked with small lenticels2 branchlets with short internodes1 reddish-brown1 dull1 smooth1 glabrous1 with numerous raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaf-buds medium to large1 long1 conical or pointed1 free4 ,leaves #c in4 long1 #a-a_/h in4 wide1 elongated-oval1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin varies from crenate to serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 slender4 ,flower-buds conical or pointed1 free2 flowers open late1 #a-c_/d in4 across1 #f or #g buds in a cluster2 pedicels #g_/h in4 long1 rather slender1 lightly pubescent1 greenish4 ,fruit ripe late ,november to early ,january2 medium in size1 #b-a_/d in4 long1 about #b-a_/d in4 wide1 uniform in size and shape1 roundish-obovate to obtuse-obovate-pyriform1 quite symmetrical except for the unequal sides2 stem #a-c_/h in4 long1 thick1 curved2 cavity obtuse1 shallow1 narrow1 russeted1 gently furrowed1 occasionally lipped2 calyx large1 open2 lobes separated at the base1 short1 broad1 acute2 basin shallow1 obtuse1 lightly furrowed1 symmetrical2 skin thick1 tender1 roughened with much russet1 dull2 color yellow with a tinge of green1 dotted with grayish-russet and with many russet streaks and patches on the exposed cheek which is usually blushed with bright red2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish-white1 quite granular at the center and underneath the skin1 tender and melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core large1 closed1 axile1 with clasping core-lines2 calyx-tube short1 wide1 conical2 seeds large1 wide1 long1 plump1 acute4 ,illustration3 ,,worden ,,seckel ,,worden ,,seckel #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #ej3hhh1 figs4 #cbf and #cbg4 #ahia4 #b4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #dfe1 fig4 #fge4 #ahig4 #c4 ,franklin ,davis ,nur4 ,cat4 #bc4 #aija4 #d4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bfh4 #aijc4 #e4 ,banker ,cat4 #ai4 #aiae4 ,worden4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #da4 #aiji4 ,possibly no pear has been more widely advertised during the last quarter-century than ,worden ,seckel4 ,nurserymen and pear-growers alike describe it as a better variety than ,seckel1 and say that it ought to take the place of that good old sort of which it is a seedling4 ,but it is not driving ,seckel out in most pear regions1 though in many it is considered the more profitable pear of the two4 ,it is a splendid pear1 but falls short of ,seckel in not being quite as dependable in different soils and climates2 the trees are not as vigorous1 though just as productive in many places1 they are not quite as resistant to blight1 and the fruits are not as high in quality4 ,on the other hand1 the pears are larger and handsomer4 ,well grown1 the fruits of ,worden ,seckel are voluptuously handsome in form and color4 ,the pears are smooth1 glossy1 trim of contour1 well turned1 unusually uniform1 with a beautifully blushed cheek on a handsome green and yellow background4 ,the accompanying illustration does not do the pear justice in size or color and shows a lack of symmetry not usually present4 ,when the crop is thinned so that the fruits attain their largest size1 no pear is handsomer or will bring a higher price on the fruit-stands4 ,the crop comes in with ,seckel1 but keeps longer1 lasting until ,december in cold-storage4 ,the tree is very hardy and bears young1 but does poorly in the nursery4 ,commercial growers should give this variety a thorough test1 and amateurs everywhere will find it worth planting4 ,worden ,seckel1 as its name suggests1 is a seedling of ,seckel1 raised by ,sylvester ,worden1 ,minetto1 ,oswego ,county1 ,new ,york1 about #ahha4 ,smiths and ,powell1 ,syracuse1 ,new ,york1 placed it on the market about #ahij4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added the variety to its fruit-list in #aiji4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 rapid-growing1 very productive2 trunk thick2 branches reddish-brown1 nearly covered with thin1 gray scarf-skin1 marked with numerous lenticels2 branchlets short1 with internodes variable in length1 light greenish-brown1 dull1 glabrous except near the ends of the new growth1 sprinkled with numerous small1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaf-buds very small1 short1 pointed1 appressed4 ,leaves #b-a_/b in4 long1 #a-a_/b in4 wide1 thick1 leathery2 apex taper-pointed2 margin tipped with few minute glands1 finely or coarsely serrate2 petiole #a-a_/b in4 long1 glabrous1 slender1 tinged with red2 stipules very small when present4 ,flower-buds small1 short1 conical1 sharply pointed1 plump1 free1 singly on very short spurs2 flowers showy1 #a-a_/b in4 across1 in dense clusters1 #h or #aj buds in a cluster2 pedicels #a-a_/d in4 long1 slightly pubescent4 ,fruit ripe late ,september to ,october2 medium in size1 #b-a_/b in4 long1 #b-a_/h in4 wide1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 symmetrical2 stem #c_/d in4 long1 thick2 cavity very shallow and obtuse or lacking1 the flesh folded up around the base of the stem and often lipped2 calyx open1 large2 lobes narrow1 acute2 basin shallow1 narrow1 obtuse1 smooth or gently furrowed1 symmetrical2 skin thin1 tender1 smooth1 glossy2 color pale golden-yellow1 blushed on the exposed cheek with solid bright red1 becoming almost crimson in highly colored specimens2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 flesh yellowish-white or dull white1 fine-grained near the skin1 granular at the center1 tender and melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 characteristically spicy and aromatic2 quality very good4 ,core closed1 axile1 with meeting core-lines2 calyx-tube conical2 carpels ovate2 seeds wide1 plump1 obtuse4 ,,chapter ,v ,,minor ,,varieties ,,of ,,pears ,a4 ,j4 ,cook4 #a4 ,cal4 ,com4 ,hort4 ,pear ,grow4 ,cal4 #g3,no4 #e1 #bdg1 figs4 #be to #ca4 #aiah4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #acd4 #aibj4 ,seedling of ,bartlett which originated with ,j4 ,e4 ,hassler1 ,placerville1 ,cal41 and was introduced by ,loma ,rice ,nursery in #aiaf4 ,tree similar to ,bartlett but branches more slender and whip-like1 vigorous4 ,fruit medium to very large1 shaped like ,bartlett but irregular1 yellow2 flesh rather coarse2 flavor sweet1 pleasant2 ,dec4 ,aarer ,pfundbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahd4 #ahef4 ,a ,german ,pound pear originated in ,nassau1 ,hesse1 about #ahbf4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 smooth1 greenish-yellow turning to light yellow1 often blushed and dotted densely with light brown and covered with patches of russet2 fleshy pulpy1 semi-melting1 sweet and musky2 ,oct4 ,abb ,ftel4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aff4 #ahhi4 ,calebasse ,abb ,ftel4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #fa4 #ahie4 ,fruit very large1 very elongated1 bright red on the side next the sun2 flesh melting1 very juicy1 sugary2 first2 ,nov4 ,abb ,prez4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3hc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fed4 #ahfi4 ,the parent tree of this variety was found in a garden of the ,abb ,prez1 ,lectoure1 ,department ,gers1 ,fr4 ,it was grafted and distributed in #ahei4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 flattened at both ends1 yellowish-green1 dotted and streaked with russet2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 delicately perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,abbott4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3dgb4 #ahed4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fed4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed by ,mrs4 ,t4 ,abbott1 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,first fruited in #ahde or #ahdf4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 inclining to pyriform1 smooth1 deep green changing to yellow1 strewed all over with gray and crimson dots1 with blush of crimson on the side to the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 slightly coarse and gritty1 with a rich1 sweet and slightly perfumed flavor2 second2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,abdon ,birne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3de4 #ahef ,fruit small1 short1 obtuse1 ventriculous2 skin smooth and tender1 lemon-yellow with a soft1 rosy blush2 flesh granular1 semi-melting1 sweet1 with an aroma of cinnamon2 first for dessert2 ,july and ,aug4 ,abele de ,st ,denis4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dei4 #ahee4 ,described in #ahee as a comparatively new or recently introduced pear in ,england4 ,fruit large2 excellent for dessert4 ,abercromby4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fed4 #ahfi4 ,a wilding found in ,tallapoosa ,county1 ,ala4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 greatest breadth at center2 skin rough1 greenish-yellow1 russeted1 with a mottled1 red cheek2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 moderately juicy1 sweet1 slightly vinous2 good2 ,aug4 ,achalzig4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahj4 #ahef4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dfg4 #ahhd4 ,a ,russian variety sent from the ,crimea into ,europe by a ,mr4 ,hartwiss1 superintendent of the royal garden at ,nikita1 where it originated in #ahea4 ,fruit large1 abruptly pyramidal1 green changing at maturity to lemon-yellow1 strewn with white and gray dots2 flesh yellowish1 rather gritty1 melting1 sweet1 rich2 good2 ,oct4 ,achan4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3acj4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dfg4 #ahhd4 ,this well-known ,scotch dessert pear is probably of ,norwegian origin4 ,it is suitable only to a northern climate4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate but often obovate when grown to a large size1 greenish-yellow on the shaded side1 strewed with gray-russet patches and dots2 on the exposed cheek it is of a dull1 ferruginous red2 flesh tender1 buttery1 sugary1 juicy1 with a rich1 aromatic flavor2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,acidaline4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afd4 #ahef4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dfh4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,it was in #ahcc sent to the ,horticultural ,society of ,paris under the number #abec and acquired the name ,acidaline from its extreme acidity4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate1 shining bright green changing to yellow-green at maturity1 mottled with red on the side next the sun and dotted all over with reddish-brown specks2 flesh whitish-yellow1 semi-buttery1 semi-melting1 gritty around the middle1 sourish1 very juicy2 third for dessert1 first for cooking2 ,oct4 ,acme4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahie4 ,raised by ,a4 ,block1 ,santa ,clara1 ,cal4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 yellow1 russeted1 red cheek2 flesh breaking1 melting1 juicy and vinous4 ,adams4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3dfd1 fig4 #ba4 #ahed4 #b4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3ia1 ,pl4 #ahea4 ,raised from seed of ,seckel planted in #ahcf by ,dr4 ,h4 ,adams1 ,waltham1 ,mass4 ,it first bore fruit in #ahdh4 ,fruit large1 obovate-pyriform1 yellow1 shaded with crimson2 flesh white1 vinous2 first2 early ,sept4 ,adlade de ,rves4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dfi4 #ahhd4 ,madame ,adlade de ,rves4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3ig1 fig4 #ahee4 ,a seedling1 found about #ahej in the gardens of the ,society ,van ,mons1 ,belgium4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate2 skin smooth1 bright green changing to lemon-yellow1 dotted with fawn and marked with brown-black patches1 slightly colored with reddish-brown on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 full of sugary juice1 vinous1 well perfumed2 first2 late ,oct4 ,adle ,lancelot4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3hf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3ie1 fig4 #add4 #ahgh4 ,alexandre ,bivort obtained this pear in #ahea at ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit variable in size but generally above medium1 turbinate1 swelled1 obtuse1 greenish-yellow1 dotted all over and streaked with russet and often covered with black stains2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 rather soft1 melting1 gritty at center2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 with a delicate1 buttery flavor2 first4 ,adle de ,saint-,denis4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3he1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dfi4 #ahhd4 ,adle4 #c4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 #cef4 #ahhb4 ,raised by ,m4 ,guraud1 ,saint-,denis1 near ,paris1 about #ahdj4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 strongly dotted and marked with fawn-colored russet2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 rather gritty around core1 sugary1 acidulous2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,admirable4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #be3bjg1 fig4 #ac4 #ahei4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fee4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,francis ,dana1 ,boston1 ,mass41 and first exhibited before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahec4 ,mr4 ,dana considered it one of his best seedlings4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular-oval1 largest diameter in middle1 tapering to each end1 rather swollen on one side1 smooth1 fine1 yellow at maturity1 with a circle of russet at the base of the stem and more or less traced and thickly dotted with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 slightly coarse1 melting1 buttery1 with a delicious perfume2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,admiral ,farragut4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fee4 #ahfi4 ,farragut4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,raised by ,dr4 ,shurtleff1 ,boston1 ,mass41 and fruited first in #ahfb4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with many dots and mottled with fawn1 blushed on the sunny side2 flesh fine1 melting1 subacid1 refreshing2 good1 handsome but rather lacking in quality2 late ,sept4 ,admiral ,foote4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,originated in ,brookline1 ,mass4 ,first fruited in #ahfb or #ahfc4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 green2 flesh melting1 fine1 with juice abundant1 exceedingly rich1 sweet1 vinous2 first2 ,sept4 ,adolphe ,cachet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3hh1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained from seed in the trial grounds of ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,france1 and first fruited in #ahfd4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 irregular1 very bright brilliant yellow1 dotted with russet and stained similarly on the side next the sun and around the stem2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 gritty at center1 juicy1 sugary1 acid1 fresh1 with a delicious savor of musk2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,adolphe ,fouquet4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3fg1 fig4 #bbf4 #ahgi4 ,raised by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit nearly medium1 turbinate-conic1 uniform in contour1 water-green dotted with grayish-brown1 often freely russeted1 changing at maturity to dull citron-yellow2 flesh white1 with slight yellowish tint1 rather fine1 buttery1 melting1 with juice sufficient1 sugary and vinous2 good2 ,oct4 ,adolphine ,richard4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3bah4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3hi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,reported by ,m4 ,bivort in the garden of the ,van ,mons ,society1 ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,bel4 ,fruit small or medium1 pyriform-obtuse1 golden yellow1 spotted1 striped and mottled with russet2 flesh whitish1 firm1 without grit1 semi-melting1 wanting in quality1 with sugary juice1 acidulous1 aromatic1 without any after-flavor2 second2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,aehrenthal4 #a4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 #aa3 ,no4 #ea1 ,pl4 #ea4 #ahhc4 ,dedicated by ,dr4 ,diel of ,stuttgart to the ,baron von ,aehrenthal of ,prague sometime previous to #ahcc4 ,fruit medium1 ventriculous-obovate-pyriform1 bright green passing to yellow2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 buttery1 aromatic2 good2 mid-,sept4 ,agathe de ,lescourt4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ij1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,agathe de ,lescours4 #b4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ci1 fig4 #cjh4 #ahhj4 ,origin obscure4 ,cultivated in ,france in the middle of the last century and believed to have been introduced there from ,belgium4 ,fruit medium and frequently very large1 obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 dotted and streaked with russet2 flesh white1 sweet1 rather insipid2 second2 mid-,sept4 ,agla ,adanson4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ia1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,adanson ,apothekerbirne4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aha4 #ahef4 ,obtained from seed by ,van ,mons in #ahaf4 ,fruit small1 pyriform but irregular1 obtuse1 greenish-yellow1 finely dotted with russet1 and washed with bright rose on the cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 coarse1 breaking1 with sufficient juice1 scarcely any sugar but full of perfume and flavor2 third2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,agla ,grgoire4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3fi1 fig4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ib1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained from seed about #aheb by ,x4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 and placed on the market in #ahee4 ,fruit below medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform and often nearly round1 dark green changing to yellow at maturity2 flesh melting1 sugary1 semi-fine and melting2 juice abundant1 vinous1 with an agreeable perfume2 first2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,agns4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ahc1 fig4 #ege4 #ahha4 ,raised by ,m4 ,pariset1 ,curciat-,dongalon1 ,fr4 ,first report of it given in #ahfi4 ,fruit medium or nearly large1 turbinate-pyriform1 even in outline1 bright lively green sprinkled with brown dots all over1 changing at maturity to clear yellow on the shaded side and warm gold on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 altogether melting2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 sugary1 pleasantly perfumed2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,agricola4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd4 #ahie4 ,attributed to ,mortillet1 #ahgc4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 intense green1 changing to decided yellow2 flesh very fine1 melting1 highly aromatic2 ,sept4 ,tree vigorous and prolific4 ,recommended for wind-exposed situations4 ,ah-,mon-,dieu4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ic1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dgj4 #ahhd4 ,this pear has had various names and is of ancient and obscure origin4 ,ah-,mon-,dieu is attributed to the exclamation of those words by ,king ,louis ,,xiv1 who when visiting his gardens saw this pear tree heavily laden with fruit4 ,fruit small1 obovate1 lemon-yellow1 dotted with russet1 washed with lively rose on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 breaking1 not very juicy nor sugary1 but full of perfume and flavor2 good1 but does not keep long after being gathered2 ,sept4 ,agua de ,valence 7,see page #bej74 ,aigue4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ie1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this variety is thought to have originated in the commune of ,saint-,germain1 ,vende1 ,fr41 where the trees are to be found in abundance from #ajj to #bjj years old4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 generally a little pointed at the top1 bronzed all over and rough to the touch1 wrinkling freely at maturity2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 breaking1 somewhat gritty2 juice sufficient1 acidulous1 deficient in sugar1 almost insipid and sometimes having a delicate1 musky flavor2 third for dessert1 second for kitchen use1 but very variable2 ,nov4 to ,mar4 ,aiken4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3fi1 fig4 #ce4 #ahgb4 ,this is believed to be an ,american variety4 ,mas received it from ,downing and thought it had been raised in the suburbs of ,aiken1 ,s4 ,c4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 entirely covered with a fine russet on which are some dots1 but at maturity the russet changes to a rich gold and the cheek next the sun sometimes becomes blushed2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 free from granulations at the center1 fairly sugary and vinous2 not first class but good for preserving2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,aime ,ogereau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3if1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised in the nurseries of ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,it fruited for the first time in #ahfb4 ,fruit medium or small1 obovate-obtuse1 lemon-yellow1 sprinkled with brown dots1 seldom colored on the sun-exposed side2 flesh white1 melting1 remarkable especially for its extreme fineness2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 flavored with a delicious savor of musk2 first2 mid-,sept4 ,aime ,adam4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ge4 #ahie4 ,raised by ,simon ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit rather large1 obtuse-pyriform2 skin fawn2 flesh yellowish1 semi-melting1 sugary1 sprightly2 third2 latter half of ,oct4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,akatsupo4 #a4 ,am4 ,gard4 #ab3aj1 fig4 #f4 #ahia4 ,japanese and common in neighborhood of ,tokio4 ,it is rather elongated in shape compared with other ,japanese varieties1 and heavily speckled with large dots2 ,aug4 ,alamo4 #a4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bcb4 #aijc4 ,originated by ,a4 ,l4 ,bruce1 ,grayson ,county1 ,tex4 ,fruit medium to large1 pale yellow1 blushed with red2 flesh buttery1 melting2 early4 ,albertine4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aae4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3aca1 fig4 #dej4 #ahhj4 ,this seedling1 raised by ,van ,mons1 was sent by him to ,poiteau1 author of the ,pomologie ,francaise1 who1 in #ahcc1 named it after his wife4 ,fruit small1 pyriform-obovate2 skin rather thick1 firm1 water-green1 sprinkled with numerous very small gray-brown specks1 the basic green changing to bright lemon-yellow on the side next the sun2 flesh yellow1 very fine1 dense1 buttery1 melting2 juice abundant1 vinous1 perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,alexander4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ddi4 #aheg4 ,originated at the village of ,alexander1 ,genesee ,county1 ,n4 ,y41 from seed planted about #ahbj by a ,mrs4 ,churchill4 ,it was shown at the ,fruit ,growers' ,society ,exhibition held at ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y41 on ,sept4 #ac1 #ahee4 ,although very similar to ,gray ,doyenn1 it is distinct4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 yellowish-green1 nearly overspread with cinnamon-russet except in the shade1 and having occasionally a faint brownish blush in the sun2 flesh white1 rather coarse and somewhat gritty at the center1 melting and very juicy1 sugary2 very good2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,alexander ,lucas4 #a4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soct4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bh3cff4 #ahhf4 ,beurre ,alexandre ,lucas4 #c4 ,bunyard ,cat4 #cg4 #aiac-ad4 ,this pear was found in a forest in the department of ,loire-et-,cher1 ,fr41 in #ahga4 ,it was imported to the ,united ,states by ,ellwanger ,barry1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 but never widely disseminated4 ,fruit large1 golden yellow at maturity2 flesh half-melting1 juicy1 vinous2 quality good2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,alexandre ,bivort4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3cg1 fig4 #be4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ig1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,obtained in #ahdh by ,louis ,berckmans and named after ,alexandre ,bivort1 founder of the ,society of ,van ,mons1 in ,belgium4 ,fruit small to medium2 the two types are spherical1 or turbinate inclining to pyriform1 respectively2 skin smooth1 shining green changing to yellow1 dotted with russet2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 tender1 full of juice1 sugary1 with perfume of almond2 variable in quality2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,alexandre ,chomer4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #afg4 #ahhi4 ,raised by ,m4 ,liabaud2 introduced in #ahhg4 ,fruit large2 in form similar to ,bartlett shortened1 clear green passing into yellow at maturity2 flesh very fine1 melting1 juicy2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,alexandre de la ,herche4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #afg4 #ahhi4 ,raised by ,m4 ,sannier who named it after ,m4 de la ,herche1 a merchant of ,beauvais1 ,oise1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 sometimes slightly cylindrical2 flesh fine1 with a pleasant perfume2 late ,oct4 ,tree is fairly vigorous and very fruitful and resisted the phenomenal frost in ,france in the winter of #ahgi-hj4 ,alexandre ,lambr4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3id1 fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dgb4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons which did not fruit until #ahdd1 two years after the death of the great pomologist4 ,fruit medium1 oblate1 obtuse-pyriform1 bright yellowish-green1 sprinkled with minute russety dots and slight markings of russet1 brownish-red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 a little soft1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 acid1 free from grit and possessing a delicate1 musk flavor2 ,nov4 ,alexandre de ,russie4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cfc4 #ahca4 ,raised by ,m4 ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 and named in honor of the ,emperor ,alexander of ,russia4 ,fruit above medium1 rather pyramidal1 with an uneven surface1 light green changing to yellowish-green1 with a tinge of brownish-red on the side exposed to the sun where also it is somewhat stained with a fine1 pale brown-russet1 either in streaks or patches2 flesh white1 gritty1 very juicy1 buttery1 with a rich1 aromatic flavor4 ,a good dessert pear2 late ,oct4 ,alexandrina4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #be3da1 #ejb1 fig4 #ej4 #ahei4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bg1 fig4 #ab4 #ahff-gc4 ,raised by ,m4 ,bivort1 ,haelen and ,louvain1 ,bel4 ,published in #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 rather variable1 globular-ovate1 bright green changing to a fine yellow at maturity1 tinged with crimson on the side next the sun1 strewed irregularly with minute1 russet dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine-grained1 melting1 juicy1 sugary and perfumed2 ,sept4 ,alexandrine ,douillard4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3da1 fig4 #ahed4 ,raised by ,m4 ,douillard1 ,nantes1 ,fr41 first harvested in #ahdi2 placed in commerce in ,november1 #aheb4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 turbinate or ovate2 skin smooth and glossy1 citron-yellow at maturity1 nearly covered with russet-fawn1 stained with dark brown and dotted with black and gray2 flesh white1 fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sugary and deliciously perfumed2 excellent2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,alexandrine ,mas4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3hi1 fig4 #ea4 #ahff-gc4 ,this pear came from a seed of the ,passe ,colmar sown by ,m4 ,mas in #ahej4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 irregular1 with protuberances1 obtuse1 bright green changing at maturity to pale yellow1 covered with very numerous and regularly spaced small1 dark brown spots2 flesh whitish1 transparent1 melting2 juice sufficient and rich in sugar1 perfumed after the manner of ,passe ,colmar2 first2 ,apr4 and ,may4 ,alfred de ,madre4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,a new variety sent out in #ahie by ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 yellow1 dotted with fawn1 carmined on the side next the sun2 flesh semi-melting1 sweet1 acidulous1 with a very agreeable perfume2 ,oct4 ,alice ,payne4 #a4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #bc4 #ahib4 ,originated about #ahdc near ,salem1 ,n4 ,c4 ,in #ahib the original tree was still growing when the variety was introduced by ,j4 ,van ,lindley1 ,pomona1 ,n4 ,c4 ,fruit medium to large1 yellow-white2 good2 winter4 ,allerton4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 and submitted by him to the fruit committee of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahff1 it having first fruited in #ahfb4 ,fruit large and handsome1 long-pyriform1 bright yellow2 flesh fine-grained1 high flavor1 rather acid2 always markets well2 late ,oct4 ,alliance franco-russe4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #aaf4 #aijj4 ,raised from seed by ,florimond ,robitaill1 a horticulturist at ,sclin1 ,fr41 and placed on the market1 in #ahig4 ,recommended for trial by amateurs in #aijj by the ,president of the ,pomological ,society of ,france4 ,fruit medium to large1 obovate-pyriform1 rather similar to the ,duchesse d',angoulme1 pale yellow sprinkled with red dots1 deeper yellow on the side next the sun1 and mottled with fawn and numerous russet dots at the base2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 agreeably perfumed2 almost very good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,alouette4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aja1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a chance seedling found by ,andr ,leroy in #ahej in the commune of ,saulg-l',hpital1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr4 ,the parent tree appeared at that time to be about #hj years old4 ,the fruit was introduced in #ahee4 ,fruit small1 nearly obtuse1 globular-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 sprinkled with ash-colored spots1 and slightly washed with carmine on the side toward the sun2 flesh coarse1 white1 breaking and rather gritty2 second2 mid-,sept4 ,alpha4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3abc4 #ahdc4 ,raised by ,van ,mons1 ,louvain1 ,bel41 and named and described in the ,london ,horticultural ,society's catalog of fruits in #ahdb4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 slightly oblong2 skin smooth1 yellowish-green on the shaded side1 and pale brown speckled with minute reddish dots on the cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 buttery2 second quality dessert2 ,oct4 ,tree well adapted for standard or half-standard4 ,alphonse ,allegatire4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,described by ,simon-,louis ,brothers1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie1 as a new variety4 ,fruit large1 clear yellow passing to butter-yellow at maturity2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting1 sugary2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,alphonse ,karr4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ajb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3ahg1 fig4 #aij4 #ahgh4 ,raised in the seed beds of ,major ,espren4 ,it was dated #ahdi and in #ahec was included among trees of the ,society ,van ,mons4 ,fruit above medium1 pyriform-obtuse1 depressed at the base1 golden yellow1 dotted and veined with fawn1 stained with the same tint round the stem and calyx2 flesh whitish1 very fine1 very melting1 free from grittiness1 juicy1 fresh1 sugary1 acidulous1 delicately perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,amadotte4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ajd1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3cg1 fig4 #dii4 #ahha4 ,the ,amadotte is of ancient origin and more than one variety appears to have borne the name4 ,the one here described is that discussed by ,le ,lectier1 #afbj4 ,fruit medium and sometimes larger1 pyriform-ovate1 variable1 orange-yellow1 marbled and dotted with fawn1 especially around the calyx and the stalk1 and generally washed with carmine on the side of the sun2 flesh slightly yellow1 fine1 buttery1 gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 sweet1 with a slight flavor of musk2 third for eating as dessert1 second for cooking2 ,oct4 to ,jan4 ,amande ,double4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cec4 #ahde4 ,walker4 #b4 ,ibid4 #hgg4 #ahfi4 ,the name ,amande signifies almond and has reference to its flavor4 ,amande ,double is a seedling of ,van ,mons which probably derives its qualifying name from the fact that it has double kernels4 ,in #ahcd-e ,van ,mons sent it to ,robert ,manning of ,salem1 ,mass41 under the number #ace1 and how it acquired the name of ,walker in this country is not known4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 slightly obtuse1 golden yellow1 slightly dotted with fawn1 washed with carmine on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 gritty at center1 juice sufficient1 sugary1 slightly acid1 with a delicious flavor of almond2 first2 late ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,amandine4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aji1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained about #aheg by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 from a seed-bed made in #ahdf4 ,it was presented to the ,horticultural ,society of ,rouen1 ,september #ai1 #aheh4 ,fruit medium to small1 pyriform1 obtuse1 having one side more swelled than the other1 greenish-yellow1 speckled with fawn2 flesh very white1 semi-fine1 melting1 rarely gritty2 juice abundant1 sugary1 full of flavor2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,ambrette4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #aca1 fig4 ,,iv4 #agbi4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3ahf1 ,pl4 ,,xxxi4 #agfh4 ,ambrette d',hiver4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aab1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a ,french dessert pear of ancient but uncertain origin4 ,it was mentioned by ,m4 ,le ,lectier of ,orlans in #afbh in his catalog1 and was shown by him to have been cultivated under the name of ,trompe-,coquin4 ,it has also been thought to be the pear ,myrapia mentioned by ,pliny1 and to have been so named because of the myrrh-like perfume4 ,the name ,ambrette was given to the variety on account of its musk-like flavor1 resembling the scent of the flower which in ,france is called ,ambrette4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-oval1 tapering toward stalk1 yellowish-olive2 flesh yellowish or greenish-white2 formerly held in high esteem but now ranking only as second-rate2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,ambrette d't4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aaa1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this variety was first mentioned in #afbh by ,le ,lectier under the name ,besi de ,mouillres4 ,fruit small1 spherical1 narrowing a little at the summit1 yellowish1 often rough to the touch1 speckled with gray dots and always washed with clear brownish-red on the side next the sun2 flesh dull white1 breaking1 containing some grit around the core2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 acidulous1 rather delicately musky2 second2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,ambrosia4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ad3cbf1 fig4 #ahfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #agg4 #ahhd4 ,switser1 writing in ,england in #agbd1 said that this variety was introduced to that country from ,france among that noble collection of fruit that was planted in the ,royal ,gardens in ,st4 ,james's ,park soon after the ,restoration1 but is now cut down4 ,no ,french author1 however1 appears to mention it under this name4 ,it was formerly to be found in many old ,english gardens but now seems to have dropped out of favor4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 greenish-yellow1 slightly russeted and covered with small1 gray specks2 flesh buttery and in ,england possessing a high flavor1 melting1 rich1 sugary1 perfumed2 first for dessert2 ,sept4 but does not keep long4 ,amde ,leclerc4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aac1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised by ,lon ,leclerc1 ,laval1 ,mayenne1 ,fr4 ,it first bore fruit in #ahdi4 ,fruit medium1 conic-cylindrical1 often irregular in form and bossed1 pale yellow1 dotted1 streaked and veined with russet2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting2 second2 ,feb4 ,amlie ,leclerc4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #b1 #a1 fig4 #ig4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aad1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this excellent pear was raised by ,lon ,leclerc1 ,laval1 ,mayenne1 ,fr4 ,the original tree first bore fruit in #ahej1 and appeared then to be #ab years old4 ,introduced to this country about #ahfh4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 somewhat uneven in outline1 obtuse1 pale yellow1 dotted and veined with russet and washed with rose-carmine on the cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 full of juice1 sugary1 acidulous1 perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,america4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #be3bje1 fig4 #ab4 #ahei4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #feh4 #ahfi4 ,it was said of ,francis ,dana1 the indefatigable pomologist of ,boston1 that he saved the seed of all good pears that he ate1 and that from these he produced sixteen new1 good varieties of which ,america was one4 ,it is a handsome pear and in #ahei was considered an important acquisition because it ripens in the early part of the winter when the number of choice varieties is limited4 ,fruit very large1 globular-ovate1 somewhat angular1 with an uneven surface1 dull greenish-yellow1 much clouded with dull russet1 and sprinkled heavily with large russet dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather coarse1 semi-melting1 sugary1 buttery1 pleasant1 rich in flavor and having a refreshing aroma2 good2 keeps well2 ,dec4 ,amie ,verdier4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dj4 #ahga4 ,one of a collection of #db new varieties of pears exhibited by ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder at the annual exhibition of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahga1 for which ,mr4 ,wilder obtained the first prize for new pears4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 inclining to turbinate1 yellow1 with brownish-red cheek and some traces of russet2 flesh white1 very melting1 juicy and rich4 ,promised to be fine4 ,amiral4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aae1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dgh4 #ahhd4 ,cardinale4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3ij4 #ahca4 ,a fine old ,french pear of unknown origin but mentioned by ,olivier de ,serres in his ,thetre d'agriculture in #afjj4 ,fruit large1 pyramidal1 rather uneven in outline1 dark greenish-yellow and washed with brilliant red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 tender1 melting1 free from grit1 very juicy1 rich and perfumed with anis2 first rate dessert pear2 seeds usually abortive2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,amiral ,ccile4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aag1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dgh4 #ahhd4 ,admiral ,ccile4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aff4 #ahhi4 ,raised by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 nurseryman at ,rouen1 from seed sown in #ahdf2 fruited for the first time in #aheh4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 yellowish-green changing to lemon-yellow1 thickly dotted and mottled with gray-russet2 flesh fine1 whitish1 melting1 gritty at core1 juicy1 sweet and delicately perfumed2 first rate dessert pear2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,amir ,joannet4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3abe1 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dgh4 #ahhd4 ,an ancient pear written of in #affj by ,claude ,mollet4 ,it bears the name of ,joannet because in some parts of ,france it ripens about ,st4 ,john's ,day1 the #bdth of ,june4 ,fruit small1 regularly pyriform1 slightly obtuse1 smooth1 pale greenish-yellow changing to a deep waxen-yellow1 washed with pale rose2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 tender1 juicy1 sugary1 impregnated with a perfume of musk1 quite agreeable2 second2 ,june and ,july4 ,amlisberger ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #gb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear found in ,switzerland and first published in #ahhe4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 yellowish-green changing at maturity to light yellow1 dotted with dark russet2 excellent but not good for transportation2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,amour4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3abj1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,trsor4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bcf4 #agfh4 ,m4 ,duhamel du ,monceau styled this the largest of all pears and sufficiently sweet to be eaten raw by those whose taste is not too exacting1 but very good for cooking and far superior to the ,catillac and ,pound pears4 ,origin obscure4 ,fruit very large2 form like that of the quince1 much swelled at the middle1 extremely mammillate at each pole2 skin rough to the touch1 dull yellow1 dotted1 striped and mottled with fawn and showing some brownish spots2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 free from grit1 juicy1 very saccharine and well perfumed2 second for dessert1 first for the kitchen2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,amstettner ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #cj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,lower ,austria2 perry pear4 ,fruit rather large1 long-pyriform1 obtuse1 somewhat irregular1 smooth1 bright green turning yellow at maturity2 flesh whitish1 rather granular and sometimes rather bitter2 ,oct4 ,ananas4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ecb4 #ahag4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3abb1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,ananas was originally introduced to ,holland from ,france where it had been cultivated for many years under the name ,de ,bouchet1 a name given to it during the reign of ,louis ,,xiv1 #afdc-agae1 by ,la ,quintinye1 ,director of the ,royal ,gardens4 ,fruit medium2 form rather variable1 generally globular1 height and breadth being equal2 color bright green changing to yellowish-green at maturity1 with some tinge of red on the side next the sun1 strewed with brown-russet dots2 flesh white1 melting1 somewhat gritty1 juicy1 sugary2 first for dessert2 ,sept4 ,ananas de ,courtrai4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3ac1 fig1 #ahed4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3abd1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,ananas de ,courtray4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3gi1 fig4 #dj4 #ahgb4 ,the origin of this variety is unknown1 but it is believed to have been a chance seedling raised at ,courtrai1 ,flanders1 as ,m4 ,six1 who established himself in that town in the business of a gardener about the year #aghd1 found it already extensively grown there4 ,fruit large1 pyramidal and often inclining to oval1 bright yellow changing to lemon-yellow and much dotted and splashed with light-colored russet2 flesh white1 fine1 juicy1 well perfumed and with a flavor suggestive of cinnamon and musk2 very good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,ananas d't4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhj4 #ahhd4 ,this is not the ,dutch variety of ,knoop but rather the type known in the ,british ,isles as ,ananas d'te or ,king ,william ,pear4 ,fruit above medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellowish-green with brownish tinge next the sun and covered with large1 rough1 brown-russet dots2 flesh delicate1 buttery1 melting1 with a pleasant1 perfumed flavor2 first2 mid-,sept4 ,andouille4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3abf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3aaa1 fig4 #ddj4 #ahhj4 ,the origin of this variety is unknown beyond the fact that it was cultivated near ,montfaucon1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr41 previous to #ahej4 ,at first it was known as the ,polyforme owing to its very variable shape but was subsequently given its present name which is that of a twist of tobacco4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 conic-pyriform1 but often irregular and variable1 sometimes much swelled below the middle1 mammillate around the calyx1 yellow1 washed with fawn2 flesh white1 rather fine and buttery1 gritty1 melting2 juice sweet and perfumed2 second2 late ,sept4 ,andrew ,murray4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hj4 #ahie4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 yellow2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy2 good2 end of winter and spring4 ,tree fertile and moderately vigorous4 ,andrews4 #a4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ig1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dea1 fig4 #aheg4 ,samuel ,downer introduced this pear soon after the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society was organized in #ahbi4 ,he stated that it originated in ,dorchester1 and that the original tree was purchased about #fj years ago by ,john ,andrews of ,boston4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform1 one-sided1 pale yellowish-green1 with a dull red cheek2 flesh greenish-white1 full of juice1 melting1 having a vinous flavor2 first2 early ,sept4 ,ange4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3ach4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aca1 fig4 #ahfg4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhj4 #ahhd4 ,this is one of the most ancient varieties in ,france4 ,at a very early date it was dedicated to the ,angels and later to the ,virgin ,mary and was known by the two names simultaneously from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century4 ,fruit small to medium1 variable but generally more globular-turbinate than oblong or ovate1 deep green changing to yellow1 dotted with gray1 washed with red-brown on the side to the sun2 flesh white1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 having a strong perfume of anis2 first for dessert and also for preserves2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,angel4 #a4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #fic4 #ahig4 ,originated at ,ghent1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit large1 handsome2 poor1 early4 ,angeline4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3acd4 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons1 #aheb4 ,fruit medium1 often rather ovate1 light green changing to light yellow1 somewhat blushed1 finely dotted2 flesh very fine1 white1 buttery1 sweet1 tartish1 juicy2 first for table and market2 late ,aug4 ,the tree is best grown as a dwarf4 ,anglique de ,bordeaux4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bad1 ,pl4 ,,xlvii1 fig4 #e4 #agfh4 #b4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cia4 #ahca4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3acc1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,st4 ,martial4 #d4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3gi4 #ahca4 ,henri ,manger thought this pear identical with the pear ,liceriana or ,liciniana of which ,pliny spoke and which bears the name of ,licinius1 the ,roman tribune and consul4 ,in #afij ,jean ,merlet described a pear under the name ,anglique which appears to be the same1 and said it was much esteemed in ,languedoc under the name ,saint-,martial4 ,it remains that its origin is ancient and uncertain1 though it seems quite likely1 as ,m4 ,leroy thought1 that it originated in ,languedoc1 ,gironde1 ,fr4 ,switser considered it was introduced into ,england about #agjh4 ,for upwards of #ajj years it was grown there under the name ,saint ,martial4 ,it does not appear when it was first brought to this country4 ,fruit above medium to large1 obtuse-pyriform1 uneven in outline1 glossy green changing as it ripens to pale yellow or greenish-yellow1 the whole strewed with brown dots and a few patches of russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 sweet and sugary1 breaking1 agreeable1 not rich in perfume2 second for dessert and cooking2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,anglique ,cuvier4 #a4 ,mathieu ,norm4 ,pom4 #afi4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gb4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium1 acute-pyriform1 almost entirely covered with fawn on a yellow ground2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,anglique ,leclerc4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #aa3acg1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3g1 fig4 #ajj4 #ahgh4 ,this variety was raised from seed by ,lon ,leclerc1 ,laval1 ,mayenne1 ,fr41 about #ahdh4 ,fruit medium and often large1 regular1 long-ovate1 greenish-yellow1 shaded with pale rose on the cheek next the sun and dotted with russet2 flesh white1 very closely grained1 melting1 rough or gritty round the core1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 having a delicate aroma2 first2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,anglique de ,rome4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bci4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3acf1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,with the exception of ,m4 ,duhamel du ,monceau1 no pomologist of the sixteenth or seventeenth century mentioned this pear4 ,henri ,manger writing in #aghc1 thought it identical with the pira ,tiberiana1 a variety which ,pliny tells us was a favorite with the ,emperor ,tiberius4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 obtuse-pyriform1 darkish yellow1 dotted with fine gray spots1 always washed with rose on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 a little coarse1 gritty around the core1 full of rich1 sugary juice2 second2 ,oct to ,dec4 ,angleterre d',hiver4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aih4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ach1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,according to ,leroy this variety was grown in ,france in the middle of the seventeenth century1 its grafts having been brought from ,england4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 pale yellow1 spotted with fawn and slightly washed with red2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 rather gritty around the core1 juicy1 sugary1 with a sweet and agreeable flavor2 a good kitchen pear2 ,dec4 to ,mar4 ,angleterre ,nain4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3adj1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffa4 #ahfi4 ,this variety was raised from seed in #ahcb at ,paris by ,edouard ,sageret4 ,it appeared first under the name ,angleterre parfume and was so published in #ahce1 but for some reason was renamed4 ,fruit rather above than below medium1 turbinate1 obtuse1 swelled and always more enlarged on one side than on the other2 skin rough to the touch1 dull green1 uniformly dotted with clear russet2 flesh whitish1 fine1 breaking1 gritty at the center2 juice abundant1 fresh1 sweet1 with a musky savor2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,angobert4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3adb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffa4 #ahfi4 ,gobert4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aia4 #agfh4 ,toward the end of the eighteenth century1 #aghj-hc1 ,henri ,manger claimed that he had identified the ,angobert with the ,signina or ,testacea of ,columella and ,pliny4 ,fruit very large1 variable but generally obovate-pyriform1 distorted1 enlarged around the calyx end1 dull yellow1 dotted and streaked with fawn1 washed with red on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 coarse1 juicy1 sweet1 having a rather agreeable after-flavor of musk2 third for the table but first for the kitchen4 ,angoisse4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ade1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,winter ,bon ,chretien4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fff4 #ahhd4 ,this is one of the most ancient ,french pears having been described in the year #ajid in a chronological manuscript attributed to ,geoffroy1 the ,prior of the ,benedictine monastery of ,vigeois in the ,diocese of ,limoges1 in which it was stated to have derived its name from the village of ,angoisse in the old ,province of ,limonsin1 ,fr4 ,fruit small to medium1 turbinate1 obtuse1 swelled1 golden-yellow1 dotted1 marbled with fawn and washed with brownish-red on the side to the sun2 flesh whitish1 slightly melting1 coarse1 always very gritty at the center2 juice excessively abundant1 acidulous1 sugary2 third for dessert1 second for cooking1 first for cider2 ,dec4 to ,apr4 ,angora4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3adg1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ce1 fig4 #cjf4 #ahhj4 ,this is a member of a group of pears rather loosely termed ,pound ,pears4 ,by some authors ,angora is given as a synonym for ,belle ,angevine or ,uvedale's ,st4 ,germain4 ,in an account of a voyage he undertook in #agjj on command of ,king ,louis ,,xiv of ,france1 ,m4 ,tournefort1 the noted botanist1 states that he saw at ,beibasas1 ,asia ,minor1 the pears known in ,constantinople as ,angora4 ,in #ahcb1 ,lon ,leclerc imported it into ,france from ,constantinople1 having obtained it with difficulty through the ,french ,ambassador at the ,golden ,horn4 ,fruit above medium to large1 pyriform1 obtuse1 swelled around the center1 rather irregular in form2 skin thick1 hard to cut1 pale yellow1 finely dotted with fawn and bearing some patches of fawn2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 semi-melting1 gritty at the center2 juice plentiful and rich in sugar after the manner of sweet wine1 little perfume2 second2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,angoucha4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3dc1 fig4 #ejb4 #ahha4 ,originated in the ,department of the ,aube1 ,france4 ,in the arrondisements of ,troyes and ,bar-sur-,seine it is also called ,courte queue i4 e4 ,short ,stem2 and by ,m4 ,baltet-,petit1 it was described in the ,annales de ,flore et ,pomone1 under the name ,belle ,chaouce1 the name of the canton where it was very generally cultivated4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-conic-ovate1 regular in contour1 dark green sprinkled with numerous regularly spaced1 brown dots often comingled under a cloud of russet of same color1 at maturity the green becomes an intense yellow1 the russet golden1 and on the side of the sun is a wash of light orange-red2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 dense1 breaking2 juice sufficient and rich in sugar2 good for cooking1 winter4 ,anna ,audusson4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #c3,no4 #aaj1 ,pl4 #aaj4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3adi4 #ahfg4 ,anna ,audisson4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffa4 #ahfi4 ,in #ahbh or #ahcj1 ,m4 ,audusson1 a nurseryman at ,angers1 ,fr41 obtained this variety from a bed of mixed seeds4 ,fruit medium or rather less1 single or in pairs1 rarely in clusters1 turbinate-obtuse1 always rather swelled1 irregular1 yellowish-green dotted with fawn and splashed with reddish markings on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 buttery1 fine1 melting1 often mealy1 gritty around the core1 juicy1 acidulous1 only slightly saccharine or perfumed2 third2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,anna ,nelis4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aej4 #ahfg4 ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 raised this pear from a bed of mixed seeds made in #ahce4 ,it was first reported in #ahdi4 ,fruit second quality for dessert2 maturity ,apr4 to ,may4 ,anne de ,bretagne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #afi4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd4 #bbj4 #ahie4 ,anne of ,brittany4 #c4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #e3ah4 #ahhi4 ,on trial with ,simon-,louis ,brothers1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 #ahie4 ,fruit medium to large1 yellow1 glossy1 sometimes colored with vermilion where exposed to the sun2 flesh fine1 melting1 slightly acidulous2 first2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,anthony ,thacher4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajb4 #ahge4 #b4 ,ind4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #db4 #ahge4 ,one of four varieties exhibited by ,robert ,manning at the ,chicago meeting of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahge as the ,centennial ,pears4 ,the fruit grew upon a tree which was #bce years old that season4 ,fruit medium in size1 ovate-pyriform1 green1 changing1 to yellow at maturity2 of tolerable quality2 ripening early in ,sept4 ,antoine4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ahj1 fig4 #egb4 #ahha4 ,a seedling raised by ,m4 ,pariset in ,france in #aheb and first published in #ahfg4 ,fruit large1 nearly cylindrical1 truncated at both ends2 bright green sown with numerous large1 brown dots1 a network of russet covering most of the surface1 the basic green passing at maturity to lemon-yellow1 the russet changing to gold1 with the side next the sun often sprinkled with small specks of blood-red2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting yet a little gritty near the core1 full of saccharine juice richly perfumed2 first2 mid-winter4 ,antoine ,delfosse4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cbj1 #cca1 #ccb4 #aijh4 ,raised by ,m4 ,grgoire of ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 about #ahgj4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 truncated1 dull green passing into dull yellow1 covered with fawn spots2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 exquisite2 late ,nov4 ,antoinette4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pat4 ,off4 ,rpt4 #cig4 #aheh4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hb4 #ahgf4 ,the parent tree was found in the commune of ,camsegret1 ,fr41 and is not to be confused with ,beurr ,antoinette1 another and probably earlier variety4 ,fruit medium size1 handsome2 flesh perfumed2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,in the report of the ,department of ,agriculture for #aheh it was said in ,massachusetts to make a handsome pyramidal tree1 promising well4 ,anversoise4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd4 #ahie4 ,introduced by ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel41 prior to #ahie4 ,fruit rather large and very similar to ,marie-,louise2 flesh fine1 juicy1 sugary1 pleasantly perfumed2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,the tree is moderately vigorous and very prolific4 ,apfelblttrige ,azerolbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aig4 #ahef4 ,an apple-leaved variety2 ,german4 ,fruit small1 globular1 yellow1 blushed with red2 flesh white1 rather gritty1 sweet1 melting2 seedless2 third for dessert1 first for kitchen2 ,aug4 ,apothekerbirne4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bch4 #ahha4 ,to be found in the ,rhine country and especially at ,nremberg4 ,fruit medium2 ovate1 smooth and shining1 green changing to yellow1 often with some light russet1 and numerous russet dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 breaking1 very tender1 sweet1 with an aroma of cinnamon and sweet flavor2 very good for household purposes2 ,oct4 ,apple4 #a4 ,griffing ,bros4 ,cat4 #ab1 fig4 #aiji4 ,said to have originated near ,palatka1 ,fla41 from a ,japanese sort and introduced about #aiji4 ,fruit large1 roundish1 light green becoming lemon-yellow2 flesh white1 crisp1 juicy2 ripens with ,le ,conte4 ,apple ,pear4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3ahca4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffb4 #ahfi4 ,poire-,pomme4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3agc1 fig4 #hg4 #ahgb4 ,this variety is of ancient but unknown origin4 ,several varieties have been described under this name1 but the pear here described is the ,german variety spoken of by ,j4 ,v4 ,sickler about #ahjj and extensively grown in the environs of ,sachsenburg and ,kanneburg4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-oblate1 not regular1 olive-yellow1 much dotted and russeted1 and moderately washed with brownish-red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 watery1 fine and melting1 granular around the core1 without much perfume2 second2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,appoline4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3afa1 fig4 #cfi4 #ahhj4 ,obtained from seed by ,president ,parigot of ,poitiers in #ahde4 ,it was propagated by ,m4 ,larclause but the date of its first introduction is unknown4 ,fruit rather small1 nearly round or globular-ovate in form2 color rather deep and dull green with a few small dots1 and some traces of brown russet on both the summit and the base of the fruit2 flesh white1 tinted with green1 fine1 very melting1 a little gritty about the core1 full of sugary juice1 slightly acid with an agreeable flavor4 ,agua de ,valence4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3be1 fig4 #cig4 #ahhj4 ,m4 ,mas received this pear from ,adrien ,snclauze1 a nurseryman at ,bourg-,argental1 ,loire1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 irregular1 globular1 bright green passing to lemon-yellow1 speckled with large and numerous deep green spots which are the more apparent on the side next the sun1 well-exposed fruits washed with blood-red round the spots which become yellowish2 flesh white1 fine1 tender1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 ,aug4 ,aqueuse d',esclavonie4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3fc1 fig4 #abh4 #ahgh4 ,count ,bressler1 ,fernsee1 ,hung41 sent this variety in #ahdb to ,liegel4 ,two years later ,mas received it from ,mr4 ,hartwill1 ,director of the gardens at ,nikita in the ,crimea1 ,rus41 under the name ,achalzig ,i4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 acute-pyriform2 color pale green1 sown with numerous and distinct very small dots of a deeper shade2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 melting1 gritty around the core1 abundant sweet juice1 sugary1 but without any appreciable perfume2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,aqueuse de ,meiningen44 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3gg1 fig4 #bca4 #ahgi4 ,this variety is cultivated in the neighborhood of ,meiningen1 central ,germany1 but its origin appears to be unknown4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 globular1 turbinate1 very regular in contour2 skin thick1 very bright green sprinkled with numerous small dots of a darker shade1 changing at maturity to pale yellow and more golden on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 melting1 fairly juicy1 saccharine and only slightly perfumed2 third2 ,sept4 ,arabella4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3acd4 #ahef4 ,a seedling from ,van ,mons1 #aheb4 ,fruit below medium1 pale green1 slightly rough1 much dotted with greenish cinnamon-russet2 flesh whitish1 very fine1 sweet1 vinous2 first for dessert2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,arbre ,courb4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #fh4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,pom4 ,france #b3,no4 #ei1 ,pl4 #ei4 #ahfd4 ,krummholzige ,schmalzbirne4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fg4 #ahef4 ,bivort1 successor of ,van ,mons in the ,society's gardens at ,louvain1 stated that this variety was gained by ,van ,mons about #ahcj4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform2 skin rough to the touch1 being considerably covered with rough1 scaly russet2 color bright yellow or greenish-yellow1 freely dotted with russet spots2 flesh white1 rather fine1 melting1 juicy1 gritty around the core2 a dessert pear1 but hardly first-rate2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,archduke of ,austria4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #c3ej4 #ahcg4 ,manning in the ,pomological ,notices in the ,magazine of ,horticulture said3 ,this tree bears well every year2 the fruit is handsome1 but very dry and of inferior quality4 ,ripe in ,september4 ,it may prove to have been received under a wrong name4 ,archiduc ,charles4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aec1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised by ,m4 ,duval1 ,hainaut1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium to large1 short-pyramidal1 bright yellow in ,france1 brown-red next the sun1 covered with large1 dark-brown russet dots and patches2 flesh fine1 yellowish-white1 juicy1 with a very agreeable savor2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,archiduc d't4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aee1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,ognonet4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3ace1 ,pl4 ,,viii4 #agfh4 ,an old ,french variety described under various names at different times and places1 the earliest being by ,merlet in #afge4 ,it acquired the synonym of ,ognonet in the eighteenth century from its swelled onion-like form4 ,fruit small1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform2 pale lively green changing to yellowish-green as it ripens and covered with dark red next the sun with numerous russety dots and some patches of russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 juicy1 gritty1 sugary1 acid1 with a slight flavor of anis2 second2 ,july and ,aug4 ,archiduc ,jean d',autriche4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aei4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ba3adf4 #ahee4 ,originated by ,van ,mons about #ahag and characterized by him as admirable2 otherwise undescribed4 ,archiduchesse d',autriche4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhc4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular-turbinate1 green1 yellowish-green when ripe1 blushed with brownish-red1 dots and stains of cinnamon-russet2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 slightly gritty at core1 juicy1 sugary and rather rich flavor2 second rate dessert2 ,sept4 ,arendt ,dechantsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obsikunde #b3ib4 #ahef4 ,raised from seed by ,van ,mons at ,louvain1 ,bel4 ,reported in #ahcc4 ,fruit small1 globular1 uniformly greenish-yellow1 thickly dotted2 flesh aromatic1 vinous2 first for dessert2 late ,nov4 ,argent4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aef1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,adrianus ,junius1 a ,dutch botanist of the sixteenth century1 identified the pear of silver or the money pear with the ,nardina of the ,romans1 though his contemporary1 ,jacques ,dalechamp of ,normandy in his ,histoire des plantes1 #aehe1 connected it with the ,liceriana mentioned by ,pliny4 ,nardina or ,nard was an ointment smelling strongly of musk and lavender1 from which the ancient pear no doubt took its name1 but the flesh of ,argent does not give out any such aroma4 ,henry ,manger writing in #aghc thought that the ,poire d',argent which we have today is the ,liceriana of ,pliny1 agreeing with ,dalechamp4 ,fruit small2 form globular-obtuse-pyriform but usually mammillate at the summit1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet all over2 flesh dead white1 fine and melting1 juicy1 gritty at core2 quality second2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,argusbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gc4 #ahef4 ,raised from seed by ,von ,muckenheim in ,barmen1 ,rhenish ,prussia1 in #ahcb4 ,fruit medium1 light green to citron-yellow without any red blush but rust-colored on the cheek next the sun1 densely spotted with fine brown dots1 without perfume2 flesh granular1 melting1 acidulous1 sweet1 with cinnamon savor2 second for dessert1 first for kitchen use2 late ,oct4 ,arkansas4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3be4 #aijh4 ,arkansas ,mammoth4 #b4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cg4 #ahif4 ,it has been suggested that this may be the ,uvedale's ,st4 ,germain or ,pound pear4 ,fruit large1 long1 obtuse-pyriform1 tapering at both ends1 green1 tinged with yellow1 very much marked with dots and patches of russet2 stem medium long1 stout1 curved1 inserted without cavity2 calyx large1 open2 basin shallow2 flesh white1 moderately juicy1 tough but crisp1 astringent2 quality poor2 a late keeper4 ,arlequin ,musqu4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3aje1 fig4 #ahec4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aeh1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed by ,van ,mons and noted in his catalog of #ahbe under the number #agcg4 ,fruit large1 globular-obovate1 even and regular in outline1 dull or olive-green which changes to lemon-yellow on maturity1 dotted all over with brown spots1 washed with fawn on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 very sweet1 acid1 rather gritty around the core1 juicy and having a savory perfume1 sometimes of musk2 second2 in ,france ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,arlingham ,squash4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhd4 #ahhd4 ,an ,english pear deriving its name from the village of ,arlingham4 ,it is in demand for the making of perry in the neighborhood of ,hereford1 ,eng4 ,fruit globular1 acute-pyriform1 rather irregular in outline1 dark green1 with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun1 a good deal russeted all over2 flesh white1 juicy1 crisp1 aromatic4 ,armand ,prvost4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhd4 #ahhd4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate1 narrowing from the bulge to the calyx2 even and regular in contour2 a fine golden-yellow1 with an orange cheek minutely dotted with russet2 flesh half-melting1 juicy1 without much flavor2 poor2 ,oct4 ,armnie4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aei1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hb1 #bca4 #ahgf4 ,believed to have originated in ,asia4 ,merlet wrote of it in #afge and in #afij when it had probably only recently been introduced into ,france4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 slightly flattened at the base and nearly always mammillate at the summit1 clear green1 passing into greenish-yellow at maturity1 dotted all over with brown-russet and streaked with the same around the calyx2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 tender1 semi-breaking1 gritty at the center1 with juice sufficient1 sugary1 slightly musky1 savory2 second for dessert1 first for cooking2 ,feb4 to ,may4 ,arnold4 #a4 ,ind4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajc4 #ahib4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bdi4 #ahic4 #c4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #adb4 #ahih4 ,raised from seed by ,arnold ,frazier1 ,dansville1 ,ind4 ,the name ,arnold was conferred upon it at the meeting of the ,indiana ,horticultural ,society1 ,december1 #ahib1 and in ,november1 #ahic1 it received a first class certificate of merit from the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,in #ahih1 at the ,december meeting of the ,illinois ,state ,horticultural ,society it was reported a winter pear of good quality1 apparently not ripe at this season2 of local origin2 a good keeper2 an abundant bearer1 and was recommended for trial in the experiment station of the ,state4 ,fruit medium size1 oblong-pyriform1 yellow russeted2 flesh buttery1 juicy1 melting2 good2 very late4 ,arthur ,bivort4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3he1 fig4 #dbg4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3afj1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed by ,van ,mons who died in #ahdb4 ,the variety did not fruit till #ahej4 ,fruit above medium1 pyramidal1 very long1 obtuse1 even and regular in contour1 yellowish-green1 slightly dotted with fawn1 washed with pale red on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 a little coarse1 juicy1 melting1 sugary1 acid1 delicately perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,arthur ,chevreau4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ci4 #aiaf4 ,arthur ,chevreau of ,montreuil1 a distinguished ,french horticulturist1 obtained this variety and exhibited it to the ,horticultural ,society of ,france in ,december1 #aiae4 ,it was described in the ,journal of the ,society after official testing and approval4 ,fruit large to very large1 long and regular in form1 very slightly bossed2 stem short and set obliquely1 greenish-yellow passing to dark yellow1 sprinkled with large1 russet dots2 flesh rather fine2 firm1 very juicy1 slightly acidulous1 with a very agreeable flavor2 good or very good4 ,arundell4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,a very old ,english pear described by ,parkinson as most plentiful in ,suffolke1 and there commended to be a verie good peare4 ,aspasie ,aucourt4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd4 #ahie4 ,origin unknown but thought to be ,european4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obtuse1 pale yellow2 flesh fine1 melting1 very juicy1 primrose in color1 saccharine1 slightly perfumed2 one of the best of its season for the private garden2 late ,july and ,aug4 ,aston ,town4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ceb4 #ahca4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhe4 #ahhd4 ,an old ,english variety raised at ,aston in ,cheshire1 and largely cultivated there and in the neighboring counties1 especially that of ,hereford4 ,fruit medium sized1 globular-turbinate1 pyriform1 pale green but changing on ripening to pale yellow1 covered with numerous gray-russety specks2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 buttery1 and full of a most excellent saccharine1 perfumed juice2 it is a rich highly-flavored pear of the first rank2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,a peculiarity of its growth is a tendency of the branches to twist4 ,audibert4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3afc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,belle ,audibert4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3aai4 #ahca4 ,an old ,french pear raised in the ,department of ,bouches-des-,rhone1 ,fr41 previous to the year #ahad4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 extensively dotted with fawn1 washed with tender rose on the side next the sun and often bearing some small brownish stains on the shaded side2 flesh very white1 fine1 juicy1 melting1 sugary1 vinous1 slightly acid1 wanting in perfume2 third as a fruit for dessert but first for the kitchen4 ,augier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #afd1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3aai1 fig4 #ahhj4 ,raised in #ahbh by ,m4 ,feraut1 ,cognac1 ,chareute1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 ovate-pyriform1 sometimes a little deformed1 but more often regular in its contour1 dark green1 spotted with blackish-gray dots which are both numerous and prominent2 flesh white1 rather fine1 breaking1 with abundant sweet juice1 often too astringent2 medium2 late winter4 ,augustbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ef4 #ahef4 ,meiningen1 in central ,germany1 #ahdg2 classed among the ,zuckerbirne or sugar pears4 ,fruit small1 obtuse-conic1 greenish-yellow turning to yellow1 often having a shining blush1 gray and green dots2 flesh semi-melting1 gritty near the core1 honey-sweet2 second for dessert1 first for kitchen and market2 ,aug4 ,auguste de ,boulogne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aff1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3agi1 fig4 #dgd4 #ahhj4 ,probably a seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit small1 globular-ovate1 bossed and generally contorted1 clear yellow dotted with fawn around the stem and calyx2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 extremely melting1 very gritty around the core1 juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 with an excellent buttery flavor2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,auguste ,droche4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd4 #ahie4 ,fruit rather large1 globular1 acute-pyriform1 somewhat obovate2 flesh fine1 melting2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,auguste ,jurie4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #a3,no4 #d1 ,pl4 #d4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3fa1 fig4 #bi4 #ahff-gc4 ,raised from a seed of the ,beurr ,giffard sown at the ,school of ,horticulture1 #ahea4 ,fruit small1 growing in clusters1 sometimes ovate1 sometimes short-pyriform1 pale green speckled with numerous gray dots1 lemon-yellow at maturity1 washed with deep blood red1 shaded with violet on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 slightly veined with yellow1 fine1 buttery2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 vinous1 musky2 first2 ,aug4 ,auguste von ,krause4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3abg4 #ahef4 ,raised from seed by ,van ,mons2 fruited in #aheb4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-conic2 skin rough1 greenish turning to yellow2 flesh very juicy2 good2 late ,oct4 ,auguste ,miguard4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #be4 #ahif4 ,introduced in ,france by ,m4 ,grgoire4 ,fruit rather large1 oblong1 somewhat resembling ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey in shape and color1 yellow1 with dull red cheek on the sunny side2 flesh melting1 vinous1 very juicy and of a pleasing flavor2 first2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,auguste ,royer4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3aa1 fig4 #ahee4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3afh1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised by ,van ,mons and when brought under the notice of the royal ,commission of ,pomology in #ahec it was given the name of the ,president of the ,commission4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 one side being habitually more swelled out than the other2 color dull yellow1 dotted with gray1 and almost entirely covered with fawn2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 gritty around the core1 sugary1 acid1 with pleasant perfume2 first2 ,nov4 ,tree very vigorous4 ,augustine4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aaj4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3ahi1 fig4 #ic4 #ahff-gc4 ,originated by ,van ,mons1 #ahbc4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 light green changing to yellowish-green1 blushed with rose on the side next the sun1 dotted with gray-green specks2 flesh nearly white1 slightly veined with yellow1 fine1 melting1 full of sweet juice1 delicately perfumed and refreshing2 good2 early ,aug4 ,augustine ,lelieur4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3afi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3dc1 fig4 #caj4 #ahhj4 ,this variety is considered to be of ,belgian origin4 ,leroy received it from the garden of the ,society of ,van ,mons1 ,louvain1 in #ahed1 and ,mas received it at ,bourg from a nurseryman at ,wetteren1 ,east ,flanders1 in #ahei4 ,fruit above medium1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 a little swelled1 bossed1 stalk bearing spines and implanted obliquely1 greenish-yellow1 russet and brown spots1 stripes of fawn around the stalk2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 gritty1 sufficiently juicy1 sugary1 acid and delicate in flavor2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,augustus ,dana4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffc4 #ahfi4 ,originated by ,francis ,dana of ,boston1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium to rather large1 globular-obtuse and varying from acute-pyriform to obtuse-pyriform1 yellow1 russeted2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 ,aurate4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3abb1 ,pl4 ,,iii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bf4 #ahef4 ,this ancient ,french pear appeared under the name ,muscat de ,nancy in ,le ,lectier's ,catalogue de son verger et plant in #afbh1 and was sold in ,nancy over #cjj years ago4 ,it is extensively grown in ,germany in the valleys of the ,rhine and in the plains of ,coblenz and ,mayence under the name of ,petit-,muscat rouge1 ,muscat d't1 ,goldbirne1 etc4 ,fruit small1 growing in clusters1 turbinate1 ventriculous1 obtuse1 regular in contour1 dark green at first1 dotted with fawn1 streaked with brownish-red in the cavity and washed with rose where exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 juicy1 generally gritty1 saccharine1 vinous1 delicately musky2 first2 late ,aug4 ,auray4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aga1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this was a chance seedling which originated in ,brittany4 ,leroy states that he cultivated it in ,anjou and first entered it in his catalog in #ahea4 ,fruit rather large1 ovoid1 often more swelled on one side than on the other1 bronze1 with some greenish dots and patches1 the skin rough to the touch2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 gritty around the core2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 vinous1 sometimes astringent and sometimes also delicate and perfumed2 second only on account of its variability1 for in the same season it may produce some exquisite fruit1 some only good and some only medium in quality4 ,autocrat4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #crd ,ser4 #c3bfj4 #ahha4 ,described in the ,journal of ,horticulture1 ,london1 as a new and very large pear ripening at the end of ,october4 ,it was a seedling from ,beurr ,capiaumont and is very hardy1 robust and free1 and quite distinct in growth and fruit4 ,autumn ,bergamot 7,english74 #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #c3abj1 ,pl4 #ahcj4 #b4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ceb4 #ahca4 ,the ,english ,autumn ,bergamot or ,common ,bergamot is a distinct variety and not synonymous with the ,bergamotte d',automne of ,france4 ,writing in the early part of the eighteenth century1 ,switzer stated1 and his statement was endorsed by ,lindley in #ahca1 that the ,autumn ,bergamot was introduced into ,england in the days of ,julius ,caesar1 that it was possibly the ,assyrian ,pear of ,virgil1 and was in that case to have been found in the once celebrated and famous gardens of ,alcinus4 ,this is a doubtful conjecture1 though without doubt the variety is of very ancient origin4 ,fruit small1 globular-obtuse1 yellowish-green1 dull brown where exposed to the sun and profusely speckled with gray russet2 flesh greenish-white1 tender1 melting1 somewhat gritty at the core1 juicy1 and of a rich flavor2 a dessert pear of first quality2 ,oct4 ,tree vigorous1 prolific1 forms a handsome standard and succeeds on either quince or pear4 ,autumn ,colmar4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cfc4 #ahca4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhg4 #ahhd4 ,de ,bavay4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #a1 #age1 fig4 #hf4 #ahff-gc4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ahd1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this seedling of ,van ,mons was described in #ahcj in the ,london ,horticultural ,society's ,garden as a new ,flemish pear4 ,it was received there from ,van ,mons without a name and so became known in the collection as ,autumn ,colmar from a fancied resemblance of its flavor to that of the old ,colmar4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 rounded at the base1 lemon-yellow1 strewed with dots and patches of russet2 flesh coarse1 sweet1 juicy1 astringent1 rather gritty at the core2 second2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,autumn ,josphine4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #bj3bi1 fig4 #ahga4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhh4 #ahhd4 ,obtained from seed of ,josphine de ,malines by ,w4 ,e4 ,essington1 ,ribbesford ,house1 ,bewdley1 ,eng4 ,it first produced fruit in #ahfi4 ,fruit large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform2 somewhat flattened at the crown1 greenish-yellow when quite ripe1 russeted in patches1 flesh yellowish1 with pale salmon tinge like that of ,josphine de ,malines1 tender1 fine-grained1 very juicy1 juice rich1 sugary1 aromatic2 first1 though a little uncertain2 ,oct4 ,autumn ,nelis4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #abd4 #ahfd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffd4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhh4 #ahhd4 ,graham ,autumn ,nelis4 #d4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #e3cca4 #ahfc4 ,raised from seed by ,f4 ,j4 ,graham1 ,cranford1 ,eng41 about #aheb and exhibited before the ,british ,pomological ,society in #aheh under the name ,graham's ,bergamot4 ,it was granted a first class certificate from the ,royal ,horticultural ,society4 ,prior to being placed on the market in #ahfc it was renamed ,autumn ,nelis because of the similarity of the tree and fruit to ,winter ,nelis4 ,fruit rather above medium and equal to a large ,winter ,nelis1 obovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 almost entirely covered with brown-russet2 flesh yellowish1 very tender1 melting and buttery1 with abundance of rich1 aromatic1 sugary juice and having an exquisite flavor2 a first class dessert fruit2 ,oct4 ,avocat ,allard4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3agc4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ai3bhd1 #cbh4 #ahgj4 ,raised from seed of ,doyenn ,gris in #ahdb by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit small to medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 lemon-yellow1 much marbled and spotted with russet2 flesh yellowish-white and melting2 juice very abundant1 rich1 spicy and very delicious2 first rate for cooking2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,avocat ,nlis4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3agc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3dg1 fig4 #cab4 #ahhj4 ,originated from the seed beds of ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 in #ahdf4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 compressed toward the summit1 golden-yellow1 dotted and veined with fawn or russet1 slightly colored on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 apt to be gritty around the core1 sweet and perfumed2 second-rate2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,avocat ,tonnelier4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ai4 #ahic4 ,the parent tree of ,avocat ,tonnelier was raised at ,nancy1 ,fr41 about the year #ahdh4 ,fruit medium and above1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 swelled at base1 good yellow-orange at maturity1 finely dotted with rose2 flesh very dense1 white1 slightly tinted1 melting or slightly breaking1 juicy1 very sugary1 of sweet savor1 rather recalling that of ,bon ,chrtien d',hiver2 first for cooking2 all winter4 ,ayer4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yearbook #dbh1 ,pl4 #eb4 #aiaa4 ,originated about #ahhj from a chance seedling which sprang up in a vineyard owned by ,o4 ,h4 ,ayer1 ,sibley1 ,kan4 ,it came into bearing about #ahhh4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 light greenish or pale lemon-yellow1 frequently having a light scarlet blush on the exposed side1 and numerous minute russet dots2 flesh whitish or yellowish-white1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 juicy2 very good2 ,july and ,aug4 ,aylton ,red4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhi4 #ahhd4 ,a perry pear cultivated in ,herefordshire1 ,eng41 and described as growing in popularity4 ,fruit small1 globular1 turbinate2 skin covered with rough1 russet dots4 ,azerole4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3agd1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,azerole is an ancient pear though the date and the circumstances of its origin are unknown4 ,jean ,bauhin mentioned it in his ,historia ,plantarum published in #afej4 ,fruit very small1 oblong or turbinate1 yellowish-orange1 very finely dotted with fawn1 and blushed on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 fine1 soft1 perfumed1 rather gritty around the core1 juicy1 sugary2 third2 ,sept4 ,baguet4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ae1 fig4 #bjj4 #ahgi4 ,the origin of this pear is uncertain but a bulletin of the ,society of ,van ,mons1 #ahff1 placed the name of ,baugniet in parenthesis1 suggesting thereby that it was raised by ,m4 ,baugniet in ,belgium4 ,fruit large to very large1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 very bright green with grayish dots passing on ripening to bright lemon-yellow2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 rather buttery1 fair amount of sweet juice1 acidulous1 sprightly2 of good quality when its acidity is not too much developed2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,bakholda4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ag3bia4 #ahid4 ,described as a new ,canadian variety in #ahid4 ,fruit large2 oblong1 yellow2 flesh subacid2 middle season4 ,baking4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3bh4 #aijh4 ,originated in ,massachusetts2 an old baking variety4 ,season late4 ,baldschmiedler4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #gd1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear found in ,switzerland and the ,austrian ,tyrol4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-conic1 greenish changing at maturity to yellow1 dotted and speckled with russet2 flesh granular1 white and aromatic2 good for transportation2 beginning of ,oct4 ,balduinsteiner ,kinderbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afe4 #ahef4 ,originated in ,nassau1 ,ger4 ,published in #ahjf by ,diel4 ,fruit small2 ovate1 light straw-yellow changing to lemon-yellow at maturity1 finely dotted1 and russeted on the side next the sun2 flesh firm1 breaking1 juicy1 very musky2 first for kitchen use and market2 beginning of ,oct4 for two weeks4 ,balosse4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3agf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 #cfb4 #ahhb4 ,for many centuries ,balosse has been grown in ,france on the banks of the ,marne1 especially in the neighborhood of ,chlons where there existed in #ahfb a specimen which was considered to be more than #cjj years of age4 ,on account of its abundant crops yielded without cultivation1 the tree has been a favorite with the farmers of ,france4 ,fruit moderate size1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 orange-yellow dotted with fawn1 washed with dull red on the side to the sun2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 breaking1 gritty1 juicy1 saccharine2 second for the table1 first for the kitchen2 ,jan4 to ,april4 ,balsambirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ae4 #ahef4 ,raised from seed in the old ,german duchy of ,franconia in #ahja4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellow1 blushed and russeted2 flesh firm1 juicy1 mild and tender1 musky2 first for dessert and household2 ,aug4 ,bankerbine4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cdi4 #ahed4 ,said to be of foreign origin4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 greenish-yellow1 with small1 russet dots2 flesh breaking1 coarse2 ,oct4 ,banks4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,dr4 ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 which first fruited in #ahfc4 ,fruit #b-c_/d in4 in diameter1 turbinate1 rich yellow1 with sunny side bright red2 flesh melting1 juicy1 very sweet1 with much character2 keeps remarkably for an early pear1 valuable for its great beauty and fine qualities and time of ripening2 ,aug4 ,baptiste ,valette4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #he4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium2 flesh white1 buttery1 very fine1 melting1 juicy2 matures early in the season4 ,tree vigorous1 fertile1 and pyramidal in form4 ,barbancinet4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3abf4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3agg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,found by ,leroy in #ahdi in the commune of ,saulg-l',hpital1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr41 and was introduced by him in #aheb4 ,fruit medium1 long1 slightly obtuse1 irregular pyriform1 contorted at the upper end1 greenish1 mottled and dotted with fawn1 washed with rose on the side to the sun2 flesh greenish1 melting1 fine1 rather gritty around the core2 juice sufficient1 acidulous1 saccharine1 with a pleasant buttery flavor2 first2 ,sept4 ,barbe ,nlis4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3fc1 fig4 #cj4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3agh1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 obtained this variety in #ahdh4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-turbinate-obtuse1 bright greenish-yellow dotted with gray and fawn1 the basic green becoming lemon-yellow at maturity and washed with purple-red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 very melting2 juice saccharine1 acidulous1 and agreeably perfumed2 first2 ,aug4 ,barker4 #a4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #aba4 #aheg4 ,an ,american variety introduced about #ahef4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 greenish-yellow2 medium quality both for table and kitchen use2 coarse2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,barland4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #dad1 #ahca4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhi4 #ahhd4 ,the parent tree of this variety grew in the parish of ,bosbury1 ,hereford1 ,eng41 and about #ahcj was supposed to be #bjj years old4 ,it appears to have been extensively cultivated as early as #afgd4 ,fruit small1 obovate1 dull green1 much covered with gray russet2 first class for perry2 autumn4 ,barnadiston4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #aic4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3dgb4 #ahea4 ,the original tree grew in the grounds of ,kedington ,hall1 ,eng4 ,the fruit was stated to be of good quality1 and to keep till ,june1 being about the size and form of a large ,swan ,egg4 ,in ,september1 #ahea1 ,messrs4 ,hovey ,co4 exhibited it at the twenty-third annual exhibition of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,baron ,deman de ,lennick4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3agi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh1 #bcb4 #ahgf4 ,the parent tree was raised in the grounds of the ,society ,van ,mons at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,bel4 ,in #ahef it was admitted by their pomological committee and was named after ,baron ,deman de ,lennick4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 generally mammillate at summit1 brilliant yellow1 dotted and mottled with fawn2 flesh whitish1 a little coarse1 melting1 gritty around the core2 juice excessively abundant1 saccharine1 vinous1 acidulous1 and delicately perfumed2 second2 ,nov4 and beginning of ,dec4 ,baron ,leroy4 #a4 ,garden #fb3chg4 #aijb4 #b4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #acb4 #aijd4 ,poire ,baronne ,leroy4 #c4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #fa4 #ahhi4 ,raised from seed of ,louise-,bonne de ,printemps in #ahei2 first published in #ahfi and placed in commerce in #ahga4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-oval1 dark green passing to bright yellow2 flesh fine1 white1 juicy1 very melting1 sugary1 with an agreeable flavor and perfume2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,baron ,trauttenberg4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hb4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 globular1 golden-yellow1 spotted with russet2 flesh rose-tinted1 juicy1 perfumed and of delicate flavor2 first2 ,nov4 ,baron ,treyve4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #if4 #ahgc4 ,exhibited at the annual meeting of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society1 ,aug41 #ahgc1 by ,w4 ,c4 ,strong1 the ,president4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 russeted with cinnamon2 flesh juicy1 melting1 very sweet2 good to very good2 medium early season2 shows a disposition to rot at the core4 ,baronne de ,mello4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3 ,pt4 #b1 #acg1 fig4 #afe4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ahj1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a variety said to have been raised by ,van ,mons about #ahcj4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-turbinate1 tapering on one side with a dipping curve toward the stalk1 sometimes the surface is bossed but generally even2 color yellow-green1 dotted with gray and mottled with russet2 flesh yellowish-white or greenish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 gritty at the center2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 rich1 vinous1 delicately acid2 first2 ,oct4 ,baronsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adc4 #ahef4 #b4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bdb4 #ahha4 ,baron d'hiver4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #hb1 #bcb4 #ahgf4 ,grningen1 ,saxony1 #ahai4 ,fruit rather large2 globular-conic1 uneven1 light yellow changing to golden-yellow1 finely dotted2 flesh breaking1 fine1 often semi-melting1 sweet1 highly aromatic2 third for dessert1 first for culinary use2 ,jan4 to ,april4 ,barry4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aha4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffe4 #ahfi4 ,this variety was found in his nurseries but was not originated by ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,it bore fruit first in #ahea and was then dedicated to ,p4 ,barry1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit medium to large1 long1 nearly cylindrical1 narrowed toward the stalk1 contorted1 greenish-yellow1 dotted1 streaked and stained with fawn1 washed with bright red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 rather gritty at the center1 extremely juicy1 saccharine1 vinous and deliciously perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,barseck4 #a4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #age4 #ahij4 ,bar ,seckel4 #b4 ,can4 ,hort4 #af3ahd4 #ahic4 ,columbia4 #c4 ,chase ,bros4 ,cat4 #ae4 #aijg4 ,originated with ,jacob ,moore1 ,brighton1 ,n4 ,y41 as a cross between ,bartlett and ,seckel4 ,tree hardy1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit above medium in size1 oblong-pyriform2 skin yellow shaded with bright red2 flesh juicy1 melting1 with a pleasant vinous flavor2 quality good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,barthlemy du ,mortier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #he4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin in #ahhf4 ,fruit large and handsome2 flesh buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 with a fine aroma2 first2 ,nov4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 holding its fruit well4 ,bartram4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #e3cie4 #ahci4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffg4 #ahfi4 ,a chance seedling which originated in the grounds of ,miss ,ann ,bartram1 ,philadelphia4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 pale lemon-yellow1 with numerous russet dots and occasional russet markings on the side2 flesh white or greenish-yellow1 fine grained1 melting1 rich1 slightly vinous2 very good2 ,sept4 ,bartranne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ah1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,believed to have originated in the garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers1 ,fr41 date unknown4 ,fruit small1 globular1 obtuse-pyriform1 very irregular2 bright yellow1 sprinkled with russet dots1 and often stained with large patches of fawn2 flesh white1 fine1 juicy1 melting1 containing some grit around the core2 juice excessive1 not much sugar or flavor2 third2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,baseler ,sommer-,muskatellerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cd4 #ahef4 ,raised in ,switzerland1 #ahji4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 tender skin1 of a uniform yellow-green1 dotted with green1 often flecked with russet2 fresh semi-melting1 tender1 aromatic2 first for table1 culinary uses and market2 ,july4 ,basiner4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3aee1 fig4 #eeh4 #ahha4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dia4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,m4 ,j4 de ,jonghe1 ,brussels1 in #ahde and first produced fruit in #aheg4 ,hogg1 the ,english pomologist1 described it as one of the best very late pears ,i have met with4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 greenish-yellow much covered with pale cinnamon-brown russet1 distributed in patches1 particularly around the stalk and in dots which are interspersed with green dots over the surface2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine-grained1 breaking1 sweet1 saccharine1 wanting in perfume2 good for kitchen use and recommended on account of its extraordinarily long season1 spring into the summer4 ,baudry4 #a4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bcd4 #aijc4 #b4 ,ont4 ,dept ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #adg4 #aiad4 ,bon ,chretien ,fred ,baudry4 #c4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahic4 ,listed as a promising winter pear in ,ontario1 ,can4 ,fruit large1 oblong-pyriform1 yellowish with russet patches2 flesh yellow1 tender1 granular at the center1 juicy1 sweet1 with a pleasant flavor2 quality good2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,beacon4 #a4 ,ellwanger ,barry ,cat4 #bj4 #ahib4 #b4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #acb1 #def4 #aijd4 ,fruit medium1 long-ovate1 very regular1 smooth and shining1 pale green1 some russet1 turning yellow1 with a brown cheek2 flesh firm1 sweet2 not first1 but passable for its season2 late ,july4 ,beadnell4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #fib4 #aheb4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #ceg4 #ahed4 ,raised by ,john ,beadnell1 ,west ,green ,road1 ,tottenham1 ,middlesex1 ,eng41 and fruited for the first time about #ahdj4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate1 even and regular in outline1 bright green1 with a dull red cheek where exposed to the sun2 on ripening the basic green becomes yellow and the dull red crimson2 where the two colors blend there are some stripes of crimson and on the colored side are numerous minute1 gray dots2 flesh melting1 extremely juicy1 sweet and richly flavored2 a fine early pear2 late ,sept4 but does not keep long4 ,beau de la ,cour4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3aji1 fig4 #ece1 #ahha4 ,mentioned in the ,bulletin of the ,society ,van ,mons in #ahee4 ,fruit small or nearly medium1 globular-ovate1 even in outline1 light green covered with very numerous dark green spots changing at maturity to a brilliant pale yellow1 though the spots remain green but less visible2 the side next the sun is stained with vermilion2 flesh coarse1 dry1 very saccharine1 musky2 good for cooking2 ,aug4 ,beau ,prsent d',artois4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ahe1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3age1 fig4 #hh4 #ahgb4 ,present ,royal of ,naples4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #d3cie4 #ahch4 ,prvost1 who died at ,rouen in #ahdi1 wrote of this pear that he considered it identical with the ,prsent royal de ,naples which it is said obtained its name from the fact that the ,king of ,naples about the end of the eighteenth century sent a number of these pears to ,prince ,charles of ,wrttemberg to remind him to forward a promised white stag4 ,fruit large1 by error classed by some as a ,pound pear1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 covered with patches and dots of brown russet2 flesh melting1 juicy1 sweet1 and agreeably flavored and perfumed2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,beaufort4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aec4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #cf4 #ahii4 ,raised by ,lucy ,duke1 ,beaufort ,county1 ,n4 ,c41 about #ahhd probably from seed of ,winter ,nelis crossed with ,bartlett4 ,it is a twin of ,lucy ,duke1 having been raised from seed of the same pear4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular-obovate1 dull green changing to yellow-green1 russeted and dotted2 flesh firm and sweet2 first2 late ,oct4 ,beauvalot4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3a1 fig4 #ig4 #ahgh4 ,this variety was obtained by ,m4 ,sageret from seed beds made from #ahaf to #ahbj4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-turbinate-pyriform2 skin thick1 rough to the touch1 firm1 intense green sown with spots of greenish-brown1 at maturity turning more yellow and the side next the sun golden2 flesh white1 slightly tinged with yellow1 fine1 melting2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 but sometimes having little flavor2 second2 ,nov4 ,beier ,meissner ,eierbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3eb4 #ahef4 ,disseminated in ,saxony and ,bavaria in #ahbc4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-acute1 often ventriculous-conic1 somewhat uneven1 yellow-green changing to light yellow1 no blush but often dotted with red2 flesh coarse-grained1 semi-melting1 sweet1 with a rose-water savor2 third for dessert1 first for household and market2 early ,sept4 ,belle ,angevine4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ahh1 #ahi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,the ,belle ,angevine described by ,leroy is a very beautiful pear1 brilliant in color1 of large size and handsome shape1 but1 unfortunately1 not good for dessert and only second class for the kitchen4 ,properly ,belle ,angevine is a synonym of ,pound or ,uvedale's ,st4 ,germain1 yet ,leroy holds this ,belle ,angevine as distinct4 ,belle des ,arbrs4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #agb4 #ahhi4 ,introduced by ,m4 ,houdin1 ,chteaudun1 ,fr41 about #ahgf4 ,fruit very large1 of beautiful form1 slightly washed with rose2 flesh fine and smooth2 first for cooking2 ,mar4 to ,june4 ,belle de ,beaufort4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #he4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,louis ,leroy of ,angers and on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,tree fairly vigorous1 a good grower4 ,fruit very large1 of beautiful form and color2 ,oct4 to ,nov4 ,belle ,bessa4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3abj4 #ahca4 #b4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 #cfc4 #ahhb4 ,the editors of the ,new ,duhamel1 #ahbe1 said of this pear that it was of recent origin and as it had not been previously named they dedicated it to ,m4 ,bessa as a testimony of satisfaction for the assiduity evinced by him in the completion of the designs of that work4 ,in ,le ,bon ,jardinier it is classed among pears remarkable for their size4 ,fruit large1 globular1 the two extremities diminishing very perceptibly1 especially that next the stem1 very light green faintly approaching yellow at full maturity and interspersed by some small1 russet specks2 flesh somewhat firm1 bland and agreeable1 not highly flavored2 ,nov4 to ,dec4 ,belle de ,bolbec4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aji4 #ahgf4 ,a ,french pear on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,reported at that time to be rather large and of first quality1 but in #ahie it was placed by the firm on their list of varieties of doubtful or small merit2 ,oct4 to ,nov4 ,belle et ,bonne de ,he4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ace4 #ahda4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3afe4 #ahdb4 ,fruit medium2 flesh melting and perfumed2 of superior excellence2 ripens at ,paris in ,sept4 ,belle et ,bonne de la ,pierre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aig1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ha1 fig4 #bcc4 #ahgi4 ,this variety was obtained by ,m4 ,a4 de la ,farge1 ,salers1 ,fr41 at the foot of the mountains of the high ,auvergne2 it first bore fruit in #ahfa4 ,fruit medium1 sometimes rather large1 globular or ovate1 with protuberances1 always larger on one than on the other side1 yellow-ochre dotted with gray and some stains of brown russet2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 scented1 without grit2 juice sufficient1 acidulous1 extremely saccharine1 full of delicate flavor2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,belle de ,brissac4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aib1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,jean-,henri ,benoist1 ,brissac near ,angers1 ,fr41 obtained this variety from seed in #ahcb or #ahcc4 ,fruit medium to large1 oblong1 extremely obtuse and ventriculous1 always having one side more enlarged than the other1 with pale yellow skin1 thick and rough to the touch1 dotted with russet and much covered with brown patches2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 rather gritty2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 acidulous1 perfumed2 second for dessert1 first for cooking2 ,feb4 to ,april4 ,belle de ,bruxelles sans ,pepins4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aic1 #aid1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,notwithstanding its name this variety is not certainly of ,belgian origin4 ,it was known in ,normandy at the beginning of the nineteenth century under the name ,fanfareau4 ,in ,germany it was cultivated before #aghi where it was called ,grosse-,bergamotte d't4 ,it appears most probably to have been of ,german origin4 ,fruit large and sometimes medium1 spherical1 depressed at both poles1 generally more swelled on one side than on the other1 yellow-green dotted and streaked with russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 interspersed with greenish specks1 slightly gritty at the center1 free from seeds or core2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 acidulous1 slightly musky2 second for the reason that it so easily becomes soft2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,belle de ,craonnais4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aie1 #aif1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this variety originated in the neighborhood of ,craon in ,mayenne1 ,fr4 ,it was listed in the collection of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers in #ahdh1 and in the following year was propagated for commerce by ,a4 ,leroy4 ,fruit large but sometimes smaller1 oblong-pyriform1 irregular1 obtuse1 golden-yellow1 sown with gray dots more numerous and larger on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 juicy1 rather gritty about the core2 juice abundant1 sweet and musky1 without much savor2 second for the table1 first for cooking2 ,dec4 to ,march4 ,belle de la ,croix ,morel4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hc4 #ahgf4 ,mentioned in the ,revue ,horticole of #ahfh4 ,fruit large1 pyriform-ventriculous1 greenish-yellow2 flesh semi-melting1 juicy1 of an agreeable flavor2 first2 ,dec4 ,belle de ,dcembre4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,a very large and superb fruit2 good to eat raw but first class for cooking4 ,listed as a new variety in #ahie4 ,belle de ,fron4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aih4 #ahfg4 ,probably originated in the town of ,fron near ,avesnes1 ,fr41 and was considered to be a new fruit by the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers in #ahdj4 ,fruit large to very large1 globular-turbinate1 bossed1 one side always more swelled than the other1 yellowish-green1 dotted with gray1 and stained with patches of brown-russet2 flesh white1 coarse1 semi-melting2 juice sufficient1 fresh1 sugary1 vinous1 and with a very agreeable tartness2 second2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,belle du ,figuier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3aii1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed in #ahfj by ,m4 ,robert1 ,angers1 ,fr41 and submitted to the ,horticultural ,society of ,maine-et-,loire in ,december1 #ahfa1 when it was declared excellent4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 regular in form1 but with protuberances1 often depressed at the base1 greenish-russet1 rough to the touch and covered with well-marked fawn dots2 flesh fine1 white1 very melting and very juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 aromatic2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,belle-,fleurusienne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bjj1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dic4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,m4 ,alexandre ,bivort in #ahdi at ,saint-,rmy1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyramidal2 skin smooth and somewhat shining1 greenish-yellow1 the whole surface being thickly strewed with large russet dots and specks1 and washed with rose on the side next the sun2 first2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,belle ,fondante4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ded4 #aheg4 ,originated by ,robert ,manning1 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium1 pyramidal-turbinate2 skin pale yellow1 clouded with green1 irregularly patched with russet especially around the eye2 flesh juicy1 buttery1 very fine grained1 rich1 with some astringency2 ,oct4 ,belle de ,forts4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hc1 #bcd4 #ahgf4 ,esperen ,waldbirne4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bab4 #ahhi4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 bright green2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,belle de ,guasco4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3eg1 fig4 #abe4 #ahgh4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bjb1 #bjc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,cultivated in the garden of the ,society of ,van ,mons in ,belgium but did not originate there4 ,it was sent out from there to ,france for further distribution in #ahec4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 lemon-yellow1 greenish on the shaded side and washed with vermilion on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 vinous1 acid2 third2 late ,aug4 and early ,sept4 ,belle ,gurandaise4 #a4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #adc1 fig4 #aijf4 #b4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #acf1 ,pl4 #aijg4 ,m4 ,dion1 ,gurande1 ,fr41 sowed in #ahfi a bed of mixed seeds from which he obtained the variety here described4 ,it first fruited in #ahic and was placed on the accepted list by the ,pomological ,society of ,france in #aijd14 ,fruit large1 ovate1 lemon-yellow1 often covered with fawn2 flesh fine1 very saccharine1 juicy1 with a slight perfume of orange blossom2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,belle ,hugevine4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dei4 #ahee4 ,fruit large and handsome2 of excellent quality2 ,mar4 and ,april4 ,belle ,isle d',angers4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #did4 #ahhd4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oval1 almost entirely covered with a coat of greenish dark brown russet which is very fine and smooth to the touch and covered with large1 gray dots2 on the shaded side the greenish-yellow ground-color is exposed1 covered with large1 russet dots2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 semi-buttery1 very juicy1 sweet and slightly perfumed2 second or third2 ,dec4 ,belle d',ixelles4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3bah4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hc4 #ahgf4 ,first reported by ,millet4 ,on trial with the ,society ,van ,mons in #ahfj4 ,fruit large1 golden-yellow skin2 flesh very melting and perfumed2 ,oct4 ,belle de ,juillet4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aji4 #ahgf4 ,gained by ,m4 ,lampe at ,pecq1 ,bel41 about #ahgj1 and reported to be superior to all other early pears and in particular to ,beurr ,giffard2 fruit handsome and delicious1 ripening about mid-,july4 ,belle ,julie4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cej4 #ahed4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bjd1 #bje1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,alexandrine ,hlie4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #ha4 #ahgf4 ,raised by ,van ,mons and fruited first in #ahdb4 ,fruit medium1 long-obovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 much patched and netted with russet1 dotted with bright fawn2 flesh rather greenish-yellow1 coarse1 semi-melting1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 with a fine perfume2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,belle de ,kain4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hc4 #ahgf4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 pyriform-truncate1 brilliant lemon-yellow2 flesh semi-melting2 a good market variety4 ,belle de ,lorient4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bje1 #bjf1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,belle de l',orient4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffh4 #ahfi4 ,this variety was growing in the old garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers about #ahce1 and probably originated in the environs of ,lorient1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 oblong-ovate-pyriform1 bossed at the summit1 greenish-yellow1 dotted all over with large and numerous specks of fawn2 flesh wanting in fineness1 half-breaking1 white1 gritty1 fairly juicy1 without perfume1 sourish2 second for the kitchen2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,belle de ,malines4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bjg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,received by ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 from ,belgium in #ahfc as a new variety and without statement of its origin4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 ventriculous1 having one side larger than the other1 bright yellow1 dotted1 streaked and stained with russet1 washed with delicate rose on the side next the sun2 fresh dull white1 semi-fine1 melting1 gritty at center2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 fresh1 saccharine1 musky2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,belle de ,martigny4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3dca4 #ahdb4 ,exhibited by ,mantel at the first annual meeting of the ,new ,york ,horticultural and ,floricultural ,society1 held in ,new ,york1 ,september1 #ahdb4 ,one fruit of this variety was reported as weighing #i oz4 ,belle-,moulinoise4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bjh1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed by ,groler-,duriez1 ,lille1 ,fr42 it was placed on the market in #ahfd4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 somewhat ventriculous and bossed1 greenish1 rough to the touch1 spotted with russet1 washed with dark rose on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 firm1 scented1 breaking1 juice extremely abundant1 saccharine1 musky1 with a delicious flavor2 first2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,belle de ,noisette4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ag1 fig4 #cic4 #ahhj4 ,a ,french pear of unknown origin4 ,fruit large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 short and thick1 attaining its greatest breadth around its center2 skin thick and rather rough1 at first green sown with dots of grayish-brown1 numerous and scattered regularly2 at maturity the green passes into lemon-yellow and the side next the sun is clouded with red2 flesh white1 rather fine1 breaking1 with a small amount of sugary juice1 acid and slightly perfumed2 suited only for culinary purposes2 keeps well through the winter2 the tree is equally vigorous on quince or pear stock4 ,belle ,picarde4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #aef1 ,pl4 #ahhh4 ,originated in the village of ,charmes1 ,aisne1 ,fr41 in the middle of the last century4 ,fruit large to very large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 orange-red and speckled especially on the sunny side2 flesh white1 melting1 very sugary2 juice rather abundant1 sweet and of a pleasant flavor2 good for dessert but specially recommended for cooking2 being large and attractive in appearance is well adapted for the market2 ,dec4 to ,june4 ,belle ,rouennaise4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3baj1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ai3cbh4 #ahgj4 ,raised from seed by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,it gave its first fruit in #ahef4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 bossed around calyx1 sides unequal2 color greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet1 veined with fawn around the stem and often covered with russet markings2 flesh semi-fine1 white1 juicy1 melting1 gritty at the core1 refreshing1 sweet1 acid1 possessing a delicious flavor2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,belle de ,stresa4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #eh4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3bac4 #ahgi4 ,a wild seedling found at ,stresa1 on ,lake ,maggiore1 ,italy4 ,fruit nearly medium1 ovate1 rather short and thick1 or pyriform1 olive-green1 washed with dark brownish-red on the side next the sun2 flesh buttery1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 and with a delicate and refreshing perfume2 handsome and of first quality2 late ,aug4 ,belle ,sucre4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hc4 #ahgf4 ,schne ,zuckerbirne4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bhj4 #ahhi4 ,published in ,germany previous to #ahgf2 origin unknown4 ,fruit large1 variable in form2 of a beautiful lemon-yellow1 almost entirely washed with red2 flesh semi-melting1 very saccharine2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,belle de ,thouars4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #igi4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bab1 #bac1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,probably originated at ,thouars1 ,fr4 ,about #ahci the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers received a pear called ,coulon de ,saint-,marc which was propagated under that name1 but was proved to be identical with ,belle de ,thouars4 ,it was subsequently propagated and sold by a nurseryman at ,jersey1 and acquired the name of ,belle de ,jersey4 ,fruit medium to large1 long-obtuse-pyriform at both ends1 somewhat bossed at summit2 skin at first brownish-olive changing to a ferruginous brown as the fruit approaches maturity1 somewhat rough1 with russet dots2 flesh white1 firm1 or half-breaking1 with little juice and an acidulated1 sugary flavor2 good only for kitchen use2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,belle ,williams4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aaj4 #ahfb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffi4 #ahfi4 ,of foreign origin1 possibly ,english4 ,tree vigorous1 very erect1 hardy2 young wood olive1 slightly yellow1 glossy4 ,fruit medium to large1 oblong-pyriform1 with a groove or sunken line from stem to calyx1 yellowish1 with marblings and tracings of russet2 stem long1 curved1 set in a slight depression by a lip2 calyx partially closed2 flesh whitish1 not juicy or rich2 good for cooking2 ,dec4 to ,mar4 ,bellissime d',automne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bad4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dif4 #ahhd4 ,first mentioned by ,merlet under the name of ,belle-et-,bonne in #afge4 ,it lost its original name and became known by that of ,bellissime d',automne4 ,fruit variable in size but more medium than small2 long-acute-pyriform1 occasionally slightly obtuse2 skin smooth and shining1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with fawn on the shaded side and extensively washed with red-brown or fine1 deep crimson on the side exposed to the sun1 with stripes of the same color around the stalk2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting2 juice plentiful1 sweet1 with an aromatic flavor2 second as a dessert fruit1 but useful for culinary purposes2 ,oct4 ,bellissime d',hiver4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bcd4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dif4 #ahhd4 ,an old ,french pear described by ,duhamel du ,monceau in #agfh4 ,by some1 ,merlet is believed to refer to it in #afij when writing of the ,bellissime d',hiver de ,bur1 but this latter is regarded by ,leroy as synonymous with ,belle ,angevine4 ,fruit very large1 larger than the ,catillac1 globular1 turbinate1 mammillate2 skin smooth1 thick1 green changing to dark yellow1 washed on the side of the sun with a beautiful tint of bright carmine1 strewed all over with large brown-russet dots2 flesh white1 fine grained1 crisp1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 musky2 one of the very best culinary pears2 all the winter till ,may4 ,belmont4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3aga1 fig4 #dgj4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dif4 #ahhd4 ,an ,english cooking pear raised about the year #ahdj by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,downton ,castle1 ,eng4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oval1 even and regularly shaped2 skin rather rough to the touch1 covered with a coating of somewhat rough russet except on the shaded side where it is greenish-yellow1 and marked with patches and dots of dark-brown russet2 on the side next the sun it shows a coppery-red glow2 flesh yellowish1 rather coarse1 sugary1 vinous1 finely flavored like ,swan ,egg2 almost first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beman4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #bf3ad4 #aijc4 #b4 ,ibid4 #bh3bai4 #aije4 ,originated at ,newcastle1 ,ontario1 ,can41 by ,e4 ,c4 ,beman4 ,tree productive4 ,fruit large1 juicy and delicious2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,benadine4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aji4 #ahef4 ,raised from seed at ,oberlausitz1 ,ger4 ,published in #ahba4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 medium ventriculous1 yellow1 sprinkled all over with spots of yellow-ochre2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 delicate and full of aroma2 first for dessert2 ,sept4 ,benoist ,nouveau4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cfg4 #ahei4 #b4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3cd4 #aijh4 ,distributed by ,ellwanger ,barry of ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 about #ahej as a new foreign variety4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 greenish-yellow with brown cheek1 dull russet marblings and indistinct brown specks2 flesh breaking1 juicy1 rather astringent2 requires careful ripening2 ,feb4 to ,april4 ,benoit ,caroli4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,introduced by ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel41 as a new variety in #ahie4 ,fruit medium yellow1 finely dotted1 washed with reddish-brown on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 greenish toward the upper part1 buttery1 almost melting1 saccharine and pleasantly perfumed2 ,dec4 ,bensell4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3cd4 #aijh4 ,originated by a ,mr4 ,bensell1 ,philadelphia4 ,fruit large1 globular1 yellow2 flesh buttery1 sweet1 juicy1 acidulous2 late4 ,benvie4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3acj4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,hogg4 ,fruit ,man4 #dig4 #ahhd4 ,a dessert pear adapted to the climate of ,scotland where in some districts it produces immense crops of excellent fruit4 ,fruit small1 obovate1 yellow-green1 sometimes tinged with dull1 dingy red on the side next the sun1 almost entirely covered with thin1 delicate gray russet and thickly strewed with russety dots2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 juicy1 perfumed2 good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,bquesne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bbj4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dig4 #ahhd4 ,the origin of this ancient pear is unknown1 though ,henri ,heissen1 a ,german author1 describing it in #afij called it the ,bquesne of ,anjou4 ,fruit medium to rather large and handsome1 long-obtuse-pyriform2 skin of a fine bright golden-yellow on the shaded side1 encrimsoned on the side next the sun1 strewed all over with russet dots which give it a rough feel2 flesh white1 dry1 semi-breaking1 sweet1 slightly perfumed1 gritty round the core2 an excellent cooking pear2 ,oct4 to ,jan4 ,bergamot de ,chantilly4 #a4 ,brookshaw ,pomona #b3,pl4 ,,xlviii4 #ahag4 #b4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3fc1 ,pl4 #ca4 #ahbc4 ,a variety known in ,covent ,garden ,market1 ,london1 in #ahbc4 ,the fruit was classed as superior and fetched #i pence apiece4 ,size medium1 roundish-obtuse-pyriform1 yellow with some blush on the side next the sun2 flesh buttery1 of excellent flavor2 ,sept41 not a keeping pear4 ,bergamot ,louvain4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ba3ahe4 #ahee4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 yellow1 with russet specks2 on the sunny side the specks are red1 some blotches of russet2 flesh white1 tender1 rather dry1 with a pleasant flavor2 ,oct4 ,bergamot ,seckel4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fga4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,william ,pitmaston1 ,eng4 ,fruit medium or below in size2 roundish1 regular2 color reddish-brown1 dotted with russet2 flesh white1 juicy1 sugary1 having all the spicy flavor of the ,seckel4 ,bergamot ,winter4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #aca1 ,pl4 #fg4 #agbi4 ,included in ,langley's list of the best kinds of pears in ,england in #agbi4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obtuse2 ,sept4 ,bergamote ,arsne ,sannier4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #agd4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cdc4 #aijh4 ,probably of ,french origin4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 globular-oblate1 or onion-shaped1 water-green clearing on maturity to ,indian-yellow1 clouded with ochre2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 slightly acidulous1 with a characteristic aroma2 first2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,bergamote d',automne ,panache4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bbe1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,bergamotte ,suisse4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eje4 #ahhd4 ,a variegated form of the ,french ,bergamotte d',automne4 ,merlet1 who described it in #afge in his ,abrg des bons fruits1 named it ,bergamote ,suisse1 indicating thereby the country of its origin4 ,fruit medium1 roundish and flattened1 somewhat inclining to turbinate1 regular1 and having the summit always a little mammillate1 color olive-yellow1 occasionally slightly tinged with dull red1 spotted all over with large1 fawn dots1 and beautifully striped longitudinally with large bands of brownish-green passing into bright green on the side shaded from the sun2 flesh white1 melting and buttery1 sugary1 acidulous2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,bergamote ,balicq4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #agd4 #ahhi4 ,bergamotte ,ballicq4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #he1 #bbc4 #ahie4 ,belgian4 ,fruit medium2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 saccharine2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,bergamote ,boussire4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bbg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised by ,van ,mons and fruited for the first time in #ahdd4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 regular1 greenish-yellow1 dotted and veined with fawn and clouded with reddish-brown around the stem2 flesh whitish1 half-fine1 melting1 very gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 vinous1 sugary and slightly aromatic2 second2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,bergamote ,hamdens4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #aca1 ,pl4 #fe1 fig4 #c4 #agbi4 ,fruit medium1 oblate2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,bergamote de ,hollande ,panache4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bde4 #ahfg4 ,amoselle panache4 #b4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 #cfc4 #ahhb4 ,of interest on account of the curious variegation of its fruit and wood4 ,the fruit differs from that of the ,bergamotte d',holland in the variegated green brown of its skin2 flesh deficient in juice and wanting in delicacy and leaves an unpleasant taste behind2 second for cooking2 ,dec4 to ,april4 ,bergamote ,philippot4 #a4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cgj4 #aijh4 ,described by ,baltet as1 ,a beautiful fruit1 grey and bronzed2 good for stewing4 ,bergamote ,rose4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bef1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this curious variety was raised by ,a4 ,bivort from seed beds in the garden of the ,society ,van ,mons and first bore fruit in #ahdh4 ,it is endowed with so pronounced a scent of rose that the producer hoped from it and another variety called ,parfum de ,rose it might be possible to create a new class of pears4 ,fruit small1 oblate1 bronze1 strewed with grayish-white dots1 some brownish stains1 scaly2 flesh white stained with carmine1 scented1 rather coarse1 breaking1 seldom gritty2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 having an odor and flavor similar to that of roses2 third2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,bergamotte d',anvers4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #he4 #ahie4 ,introduced by ,daras de ,naghin of ,antwerp 7,anvers71 ,bel4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 true ,bergamot shape1 green changing to yellow at maturity2 flesh white2 fine1 buttery1 sweet and well perfumed2 ,dec4 ,bergamotte d',automne4 #a4 ,duhamel4 ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3afe1 ,pl4 ,,xxi4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bbc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,rote ,bergamotte4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bga4 #ahhi4 ,authorities fail to agree on the origin of this pear4 ,benedictus ,curtius1 a ,florentine author writing in #aecf1 thought it had birth at ,bergamo in ,lombardy4 ,but in #afdd1 ,jean ,bodaeus1 a ,dutch physician1 in his translation of the ,historia ,plantarum of ,theophrastus1 states that the ,bergamote came from ,asia1 whence the ,romans had imported it to ,italy and that it was known to them as the ,pirum ,regium or pear of ,kings4 ,if it originated in ,asia1 the probability is that its birth-place was ,pergamum1 a village of ,asia ,minor between the gean and ,marmora seas4 ,this view was accepted in the eighteenth century by such authorities as ,lacour1 ,henri ,manger and ,mnage1 and later by ,leroy4 ,fruit medium2 variable but usually globular-oblate1 greenish-yellow1 dotted and striped with russet1 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 generally gritty1 sweet1 savory2 first2 ,oct4 to ,jan4 ,bergamotte ,bouvant4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,listed as a new variety in #ahie4 ,fruit medium2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 well sweetened and pleasantly perfumed2 ,apr4 and ,may4 ,bergamotte ,bufo4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bbh1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dih4 #ahhd4 ,krten ,bergamotte4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdd4 #ahhi4 ,le ,lectier says this pear was cultivated at ,orleans in #afbh under the name of ,crapant or ,toad on account of the rough character of its skin4 ,it was also known in ,germany in #afij under this latter name and as ,oignon rosat by reason of its shape and the perfume of its juice4 ,in #ahdf in ,france1 because of the supposed inelegance of the word crapant1 its name was changed to ,bufo1 the ,latin name of a toad4 ,fruit above medium1 globular-oblate1 even and regular like a true ,bergamot2 skin rough1 dark yellow1 dotted and marbled with fawn and usually also bearing some large brown stains2 flesh white1 melting1 fine2 juice sufficient1 vinous1 acidulous1 sugary1 savory1 recalling the scent of the rose2 excellent dessert pear2 late ,oct4 ,bergamotte ,bugi4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #aca1 ,pl4 #df4 #agbi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3i1 fig4 #bic4 #ahhj4 ,bergamote du ,bugey4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bbi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this is a pear of ancient and uncertain origin4 ,it has a large number of synonyms4 ,claude ,saint-,etienne1 writing in #affj1 and ,la ,quintinye1 in #afij1 two of the best describers of this pear1 each called it by the name ,bugi4 ,its synonym1 ,pera ,spina1 attributed to ,merlet1 appears to indicate an ,italian origin to it4 ,fruit medium and sometimes larger1 globular-turbinate1 generally very regular1 clear olive-green1 covered with large1 fawn dots intermingled with brownish patches2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-melting1 semi-fine1 seldom gritty2 juice sufficient1 sprightly1 saccharine but occasionally acid1 with some perfume2 second for dessert1 first for cooking2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,bergamotte de ,coloma4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dii4 #ahhd4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-obovate2 skin greenish-yellow1 becoming bright yellow when it ripens1 and with a pale tinge of red on the side next the sun1 the whole surface covered with large1 pale1 brown-russet dots1 with patches of russet around the calyx and stalk2 flesh yellowish-white1 fairly juicy1 rather gritty1 with a brisk but not rich flavor2 quality inferior2 late ,oct4 ,bergamotte de la ,cour4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gf4 #ahef4 ,belgian1 #ahbh4 ,fruit fairly large1 globular-flattened1 uneven in form1 light green turning to light lemon-yellow1 often rather blushed with brownish-red on the sunny side1 without any scent2 flesh melting1 delicate1 very juicy2 very good for the table1 second for kitchen4 ,bergamotte de ,darmstadt4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gf1 #bcf4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3be1 fig4 #bje4 #ahgi4 ,germany4 ,probably it obtained its name from having been raised in the suburbs of the city of ,darmstadt4 ,fruit rather small or nearly medium1 globular or globular-cylindrical1 and equally obtuse at both ends1 yellow-green all over2 flesh buttery1 juicy1 with a ,bergamot scent2 first2 ,nov4 ,bergamotte de ,donauer4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3aai1 fig4 #beb4 #ahgi4 ,this pear was found in a garden in the suburbs of ,coburg1 ,saxe-,coburg-,gotha1 ,ger4 ,fruit medium or large1 globular-obtuse1 sometimes a little conical1 and often somewhat irregular in outline1 very light green1 dotted with fine points and with some brown-yellow spread around the summit and the calyx2 flesh white1 half-fine1 buttery or half-buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 a little vinous2 quality only second2 ,sept4 ,bergamotte ,double4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hc1 #bcf4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium1 nearly round1 greenish-yellow2 flesh semi-melting1 juicy2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,bergamotte ,dussart4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3ci1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgj4 #ahfi4 ,obtained at ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 by ,dussart1 a gardener2 published in #ahbi4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 yellow-ochre1 with gray dots and traces of russet2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 vinous1 sugary1 acidulous and aromatic2 first2 ,dec4 to mid-,jan4 ,bergamotte ,espren4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3ge1 fig4 #aheg4 ,bergamotte d',espern4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgj4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed about #ahcj by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,of his many pears this was the most valuable4 ,it is a most delicious late pear and a good successor to ,winter ,nelis4 ,fruit medium1 frequently above1 round1 flat at base1 mammillate at summit1 and often bossed near stalk2 skin rough to the touch1 dull greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet1 streaked with russet around the stalk and often marked with blackish stains2 flesh yellowish1 fine-grained1 quite melting1 very juicy and sugary1 with a pleasant aroma2 mid-,feb4 to ,april4 ,bergamotte ,espren ,souvenir de ,plantires4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hc4 #ahie4 ,produced by ,simon-,louis ,bros41 nurserymen1 ,metz1 ,lorraine4 ,the foliage of this variety is margined with yellow and does not scorch from the sun4 ,the tree is not vigorous4 ,bergamotte d't4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3afa4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bcg4 #ahfg4 ,summer ,franc ,ral4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cdd1 fig4 #ada4 #ahde4 ,bergamotte d't is of ancient and unknown origin4 ,le ,lectier wrote of it in #afbh as cultivated under the name of ,milan de la ,beuverire4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate or globular1 bossed1 narrowed towards the top which is usually mammillate1 pale green slightly yellowish on the shaded side and tinted with tender rose color on the cheek exposed to the sun1 and dotted all over with fawn2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting1 rarely very gritty2 juice abundant1 rather tart1 saccharine1 with a very savory flavor2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,bergamotte d't de ,lubeck4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hc1 #bcg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ig1 fig4 #ccg4 #ahhj4 ,this variety is very much grown in the environs of ,lubeck1 ,ger4 ,fruit medium1 nearly round1 color at first of a water-green1 nearly covered with a russet of gray-brown2 when ripening the russet brightens and some dots of whitish-gray become visible2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 compact1 buttery1 rather gritty near the core1 sugary and juicy2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,bergamotte ,fertile4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hc1 #bcg4 #ahgf4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling2 ,belgium1 #ahbh4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 symmetrical1 uniform light lemon-yellow all over1 russeted2 skin scentless2 flesh granular1 melting1 sweet1 aromatic2 second for dessert1 first for kitchen and market2 late ,sept4 ,bergamotte la ,gantoise #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #he4 #ahie4 ,raised from seed of the ,bergamotte ,espren1 which it surpasses in size and quality1 by ,dervaes ,bros41 ,wetteren1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 generally round2 color green sprinkled with brown dots1 passing into yellow on ripening2 flesh white1 very melting1 juicy1 slightly perfumed2 first2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,bergamotte ,heimbourg4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ba3ahi4 #ahee4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #aei1 fig4 #agf4 #ahff-gc4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,reported for the first time in #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic2 skin rough to the touch1 olive-yellow1 dotted1 veined and stained with russet and slightly washed with pale red on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 rather gritty at center2 juice sufficient1 acidulous1 sugary1 delicately perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,bergamotte ,hrault4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #he4 #ahie4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #aea1 fig4 #aijf4 ,obtained from seed in #ahfj by ,m4 ,a4 ,hrault1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,first fruited in #ahgj4 ,fruit large1 although sometimes only medium in size1 irregular roundish-obconic and angular in outline2 stem short to medium1 thick and fleshy1 usually obliquely inserted in cavity2 calyx small1 open or semi-closed2 skin rather glossy1 pale yellow1 dotted with red2 flesh whitish1 slightly gritty at the center1 fine-grained1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 with delicate aroma2 very good2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,bergamotte ,hertrich4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fa1 #bcg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3g1 fig4 #bib4 #ahhj4 #c4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #crd ,ser4 #b3dc1 fig4 #i4 #ahha4 ,raised from seed of ,fortune by ,herr ,hertrich1 a merchant at ,colmar1 ,ger4 ,it fruited first in #ahec and was placed in commerce in #aheh4 ,fruit below medium1 ,bergamot-shaped1 inclining to roundish-turbinate or obovate1 even in outline1 furrowed at stalk1 grass-green ground seen through much ash-gray russet1 with some brownish tinge on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 with a greenish tinge under the skin1 fine1 melting1 rich flavor1 juicy and aromatic2 delicious and a good keeper4 ,bergamotte-d',hiver de ,furstenzell4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd1 #bcg4 #ahgf4 ,probably of ,german origin4 ,fruit large1 conic-obtuse1 yellow1 lightly washed with red2 flesh very juicy2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,bergamotte d',hollande4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3agj4 #agfh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dcj4 #ahde4 ,origin ancient and uncertain1 but as the first name by which it was known was ,bergamote d',alenon1 pomologists have deemed it to be ,french4 ,fruit medium and often larger1 globular-flattened2 olive-green turning as it ripens to clear yellow1 dotted and streaked with russet1 washed with brown on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 rather gritty1 coarse-grained1 semi-breaking1 pleasantly flavored2 second for the table but good for cooking2 ,march to ,june4 ,bergamotte ,jars4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3ic1 fig4 #de4 #ahff-gc4 ,raised by ,m4 ,nrard1 near ,lyons1 ,fr4 ,fruit small or nearly medium1 oblate1 shaped very much like an apple1 much depressed at base and summit1 pale yellow2 flesh buttery1 white1 fine1 melting1 rich in sugar1 and well perfumed and vinous2 altogether first class2 ,nov4 ,bergamotte de ,jodoigne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bdf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ejb4 #ahhd4 ,raised from seed by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 in #ahec4 ,fruit below medium or small1 ,bergamot-shaped1 slightly mammillate at the summit1 flat at base1 yellow1 sprinkled all over with russet dots1 the yellow passing to orange on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 rather gritty at center1 juicy1 sweet1 and with an agreeable perfume2 its greatest merit is its long keeping2 ,mar4 to ,may4 ,bergamotte ,klinkhardt4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3adi1 fig4 #dei4 #ahhj4 ,raised by ,van ,mons and entered in his catalog for #ahbc4 ,fruit small or medium1 globular-ovoid1 sometimes ovoid-pyriform1 usually a little irregular in outline2 skin slightly thin and tender1 dull green with some indistinct dots1 traces of russet irregularly disposed1 but more condensed about the base and summit2 flesh white1 rather fine1 buttery1 melting1 with abundant sugary and perfumed juice2 first class except that it ripens too quickly2 early ,oct4 ,bergamotte ,laffay4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aeg1 fig4 #age4 #ahgh4 ,origin uncertain1 though it is not unlikely that it was raised by ,m4 ,laffay1 a nurseryman at ,paris4 ,fruit small or nearly medium1 globular-ovate-obtuse1 green1 sprinkled with very numerous small1 dark-green spots2 flesh white1 tinged with green1 fine1 melting1 a little gritty at the center1 full of juice1 saccharine1 acidulous1 wanting in perfume2 second1 but keeps well2 all winter4 ,bergamotte ,lesble4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bdf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3dg1 fig4 #abj4 #ahgh4 ,a chance seedling found in a vineyard by ,narcisse ,lesble1 ,president of the ,horticultural ,society of ,tours1 ,fr41 in #ahdc4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 swelled1 obtuse1 bossed at summit1 golden-yellow1 dotted with fawn1 showing some russet markings and lightly washed with pale rose on the side turned to the sun2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 melting1 slightly gritty around the core2 juice extremely abundant1 sugary1 agreeably perfumed leaving an after-flavor of anis2 first2 ,oct4 ,bergamotte ,liabaud4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,liabaud4 ,on trial with ,simon-,louis ,bros4 of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,fruit above medium1 globular-flattened1 yellow-green1 washed with gray-fawn on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 saccharine1 vinous2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,bergamotte ,mico4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ejb4 #ahhd4 ,fruit above medium1 globular1 rather like a small ,easter ,beurr1 greenish-yellow1 covered with freckles and dots of cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh coarse-grained1 gritty1 wanting in flavor2 inferior2 late ,nov4 ,bergamotte de ,millepieds4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bdi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3ajg1 fig4 #aej4 #ahgh4 ,raised by ,m4 ,goubault1 near ,angers1 ,fr4 ,first reported in #aheb4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate or sometimes globular-pyriform1 olive-green1 sprinkled with brownish dots and streaked with fawn around the calyx and stem1 changing to pale yellow1 with a glow on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 tender1 buttery1 melting1 richly flavored2 first2 ,sept4 in ,fr42 ,nov4 in ,america4 ,bergamotte ,nicolle4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3adi1 fig4 #eee4 #ahha4 ,raised from seeds of ,flemish ,beauty in #ahdi by ,m4 ,nicolle1 a member of the ,society of ,horticulture of ,rouen4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 attaining its greatest circumference around the middle1 depressed at each pole1 bright green sprinkled with distinct red dots1 some russet patches2 flesh white1 slightly yellowish1 fine1 very melting2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,bergamotte ,oeuf de ,cygne4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ee1 fig4 #ejh4 #ahha4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 globular1 more or less depressed at both base and summit1 regular in outline1 largest circumference around the middle1 bright green1 sprinkled with gray or greenish-gray dots2 flesh white1 tinted and veined with yellow1 fine1 melting1 rather gritty about the core1 with abundant1 sweet juice1 delicately perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,bergamotte d',oisan4 #a4 ,horticulturist #ac3ahi4 #aheg4 ,published in ,england in #aheg in the ,london ,illustrated ,news1 and described as a large pear weighing between two and three pounds1 found in ,algeria1 and exhibited in ,london4 ,bergamotte de ,parthenay4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france4 #d3,no4 #adf1 ,pl4 #adf4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3e1 fig4 #dhc4 #ahha4 ,a chance seedling found in a wood on the outskirts of ,parthenay1 a town in the ,department of ,deuz-,svres1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 globular-turbinate1 obtuse1 often irregular in outline1 greatest circumference around the middle1 dull green1 sprinkled with large1 fawn dots1 regular and evenly spaced1 changing to greenish-yellow and more golden on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 semi-melting2 juice fairly abundant1 saccharine and without perfume1 often astringent2 first for cooking4 ,bergamotte ,picquot4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fga4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aca1 fig4 #afb4 #ahgh4 ,a ,french pear of uncertain origin4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic1 very clear green changing to yellow1 sprinkled with numerous indistinct dots of grayish-brown2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 sugary2 good1 first if its season were more prolonged2 ,oct4 ,bergamotte ,ploskui4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahhj4 ,a variety grown on the ,northern plains of the steppes of ,russia where the summer is fully as dry and hot as that of ,iowa and the winter far more severe4 ,on trial at the ,college ,farm1 ,ames1 ,iowa1 in #ahhj4 ,it seems to unite well with the apple when root- or top-grafted4 ,bergamotte ,poiteau4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3ba1 fig4 #ajg4 #ahgh4 ,poiteau 7des ,franais7 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ech1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this variety came from a seed bed made by ,m4 ,poiteau1 ,fr41 and was first reported in #ahea4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obtuse1 irregular in outline1 golden yellow1 sown with very numerous and extremely fine gray and brown dots1 generally washed with dull red on the side next the sun2 flesh very white1 fine1 melting1 watery2 juice very saccharine1 slightly acid and musky1 agreeable2 first2 ,oct4 ,bergamotte ,pomme4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd4 #ahgf4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-oblate1 dull yellow2 flesh very juicy1 vinous2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,bergamotte du ,quercy4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aac1 fig4 #eg4 #ahgb4 ,mas obtained grafts of this pear about #ahdg from the ,duke of ,arenberg2 he had seen a quotation from ,van ,mons catalog of #ahbc in which it was described4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 nearly globular1 rather obtuse at the two ends1 regular in outline1 attaining its greatest thickness at the middle2 skin slightly thickened1 very pale green1 sown with very small1 brown dots scattered irregularly2 flesh quite white1 fine1 firm yet melting1 streaming with sweet juice1 more or less perfumed according to the season2 end of ,sept4 ,bergamotte ,reinette4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bed1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3ic1 fig4 #adc4 #ahgh4 ,raised by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 nurseryman at ,rouen1 ,fr41 who introduced it in #aheg4 ,fruit small1 ,bergamot-shaped2 skin at first bright green1 marked with large1 russet patches but changing to yellow as it ripens2 flesh half-tender1 with abundant sweet juice which has a brisk acidity1 like the ,reinette apple2 quality hardly first-rate and variable1 but to be recommended for its early and long season2 late ,aug4 ,bergamotte de ,rouen4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large2 recommended as being of good quality by the ,society of ,horticulture of ,rouen2 ,april to ,june4 ,the tree is vigorous and fertile4 ,bergamotte ,rouge4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3afb1 ,pl4 ,,xix1 fig4 #f4 #agfh4 #b4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ccd4 #ahca4 ,this pear is of ancient and unknown origin4 ,it was mentioned by ,le ,lectier in #afbh1 ,merlet in #afge1 and ,duhamel in #agfh1 but without history4 ,fruit rather large1 globular1 acute-pyriform1 irregular1 mammillate at calyx1 greenish-yellow1 washed with brownish-red on the side next the sun1 and marked with stripes of the same color1 the whole covered with fine1 delicate1 cinnamon-colored russet1 sprinkled with large1 gray dots2 flesh white1 coarse1 melting1 gritty2 juice sufficient1 with a slight musky perfume1 sugary2 first for both table and kitchen2 ,sept4 ,bergamotte ,rouge de ,mayer4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ahi1 fig4 #bhg4 #ahgi4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,jahn of ,meiningen2 it has a strong resemblance to the ,bergamotte ,rouge of ,duhamel4 ,fruit medium1 sometimes pyriform-ovoid1 and sometimes turbinate-ovoid1 bright green1 sprinkled with numerous very small dots of blackish-gray2 on ripening the ground-green passes into dull yellow1 sometimes colored with intense blood-red on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 half-melting1 with not much juice1 sugary1 little perfume2 of beautiful appearance1 and recommended for household use2 ,aug4-,sept4 ,bergamotte ,sageret4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fga4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3abi1 fig4 #cec4 #ahhj4 ,m4 ,sageret obtained this ,bergamotte from seed2 he first reported it in #ahcj4 ,fruit medium1 nearly spherical1 symmetrical in outline2 skin rather fine and thin1 water-green1 sprinkled with very many and prominent1 large dots becoming when ripe more yellow and the cheek next the sun golden2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 rather gritty near the core2 juice sufficient1 not very saccharine1 deficient in perfume2 a good second-rate dessert pear2 ,oct4 to ,jan4 ,bergamotte ,sanguine4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3fe1 fig4 #bbe4 #ahgi4 ,entered in catalog of ,m4 ,jahn1 #ahfd4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 globular-turbinate1 regular in contour1 greatest circumference around middle1 slightly pointed at base1 obtuse at summit2 color dull water-green1 generally covered with a thick coating of a dark reddish-violet which on ripening assumes a more vivid tone on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 speckled with red1 coarse1 semi-melting1 gritty at the core1 not much juice2 only second2 interesting for amateurs on account of its remarkable color of violet red so dark as to be almost black2 ,sept4 ,bergamotte ,sannier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ec4 #ahie4 ,produced by ,m4 ,arsne ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,it is said to have resisted the severe freeze in ,france in the winter of #ahgi-hj4 ,fruit medium in size1 globular-conic2 color green2 flesh semi-fine1 melting1 juicy and of delicious flavor2 first2 end of winter and spring4 ,bergamotte ,silvange4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #fe1 fig4 #ca4 #ahff-gc4 ,silvange4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ffd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,bergamotte ,silvange was found in the woods of the ,metz district1 ,lorraine1 about the middle of the eighteenth century4 ,the fruit is very variable in form and quality so that writers have been led to speak of three sorts of pears called ,silvange--the yellow1 the long1 and the green4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate or obovate or of ,bergamot shape2 skin rough1 bright green on the shaded side1 darker where exposed to the sun1 sprinkled with large1 gray dots and stained with dark patches2 flesh tinged with greenish-white near the center and yellowish-green near the skin1 tender and melting1 full of perfumed juice1 saccharine1 acidulous and possessed of an exquisite flavor2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,bergamotte de ,souchait4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ii1 fig4 #dcd4 #ahhj4 ,of uncertain origin1 though ,mas suggests that it may have been raised in ,germany4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 pale green1 strewn with large1 brown dots and stained with some patches of russet2 on ripening the basic green becomes lemon-yellow and warm gold1 the side next the sun being washed with vermilion on which are some grayish dots2 flesh yellowish1 half-tender1 half-breaking1 dry1 sugary and highly perfumed with musk2 second or third2 ,july and first of ,aug4 ,bergamotte de ,soulers4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3afh1 ,pl4 ,,xliv1 fig4 #a4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ejd4 #ahhd4 ,bonne de ,soulers4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dhg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this pear is an old ,french dessert fruit the first mention of which was by ,merlet in #afge who described it as a species of winter ,bergamotte of good flavor and long keeping4 ,fruit medium1 long-obovate1 almost oval2 skin smooth1 shining1 pale greenish-yellow1 covered with dots of fawn and faintly tinged with brick-red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 tender1 melting1 free from granulations1 juicy1 saccharine1 slightly acidulous1 with a characteristic and pleasant flavor2 in ,france1 of first quality and considered superior to ,easter ,beurr2 in ,england only second1 being too tender for the climate2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 or ,apr4 ,bergamotte de ,stryker4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #fi1 fig4 #cc4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bfa1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this variety is generally attributed to ,m4 ,parmentier1 ,enghien1 ,bel4 ,fruit small1 globular1 slightly flattened at the base and mammillate at the summit1 yellow-ochre1 finely dotted with bright gray and stained with russet patches2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 semi-melting and very full of juice which is watery1 sweet and pleasantly aromatic2 first in ,france1 second in ,england2 end of ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,bergamotte ,suisse ,rond4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3hf1 #acd1 ,pl4 #agga4 ,this pear resembles the ordinary ,autumn ,bergamot except in color which is green at first1 becoming yellow as it attains maturity1 streaked with yellow and red4 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,bergamotte ,tardive ,collette4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #agf4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,raised from a seed of ,doyenn d',alenon previous to #ahgj and judged by the ,horticultural ,society of ,rouen1 ,fr41 to be of good quality2 ,apr4 to end of ,june4 ,bergamotte ,thuerlinckx4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3adi1 fig4 #aga4 #ahgh4 ,this pear was distributed by the ,society ,van ,mons in whose bulletins it was published in the years #aheg-eh-fj and #ahfb1 though without any statement as to its origin4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 globular-turbinate1 obtuse1 of largest circumference at center1 very pale green1 sprinkled with numerous very small points of fawn2 on ripening the basic green changes to very pale yellow1 whitish and usually a little golden on the sunny side1 without any trace of red2 flesh quite white1 half-fine1 half-melting1 without grit at the core1 very juicy1 sugary and perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,bergamotte de ,tournai4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd1 #bch4 #ahgf4 ,beurr ,vert de ,tournai4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dch1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,dupont1 at ,tournai1 ,bel41 from pips of ,glou ,morceau in #ahcj4 ,fruit large1 globular-ovate1 bossed at summit1 olive-green passing into pale green on the shady side1 covered with gray-russet dots2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 sweet1 without any pronounced aroma2 second quality2 ,oct4 and beginning of ,nov41 often extending to ,dec4 ,bergamotte de ,tournay4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ce1 fig4 #djb4 #ahhj4 ,obtained from seed by ,m4 du ,mortier1 president of the ,horticultural ,society of ,tournay1 ,fr41 and approved by the ,society in #aheg4 ,fruit rather small1 ovoid1 short and swelled1 obtuse at the summit1 bright green1 and sprinkled with dots of a very rich green2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 buttery1 melting1 rather granular near the core2 juice abundant1 richly sugared and perfumed2 first2 beginning of ,sept4 ,bergamotte ,volltragende4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bdb4 #ahha4 ,german4 ,fruit turbinate-obtuse1 typical ,bergamot1 smooth skin1 yellowish-green turning to golden-yellow1 without russet2 flesh whitish1 soft and melting1 often half-melting1 agreeable and sweet and of ,bergamot flavor2 good for the table and very good for the kitchen2 mid-,sept4 ,bergbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #fj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear growing in the mountains of ,switzerland and the ,austrian ,tyrol4 ,fruit small to medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 greenish-yellow1 much sprinkled with russet speckles and dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 almost fine2 first half of ,oct4 ,bergen4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dec4 #aheg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3adc1 fig4 #gb4 #ahgb4 ,a chance seedling found at ,new ,utrecht 7now part of ,brooklyn71 ,l4 ,i4 ,fruit large1 elongated-obtuse-pyriform1 sides often not symmetrical1 angular2 skin smooth1 waxen1 lemon-yellow flushed with crimson and fawn where exposed to the sun and thickly sprinkled with brown and crimson dots2 flesh whitish1 veined with yellow1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 with a sweet1 aromatic flavor1 delicately perfumed2 good to very good2 end of ,sept4 ,berlaimont4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #acb4 #ahbe4 ,belgium2 a ,van ,mons seedling2 #ahbe4 ,fruit large1 ventriculous-conic1 bossed1 yellow-green1 with dull blush1 with numerous green-brown dots2 flesh buttery1 juicy1 mild and tender2 first for table and household use2 mid-,sept4 ,bernard4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #eaa4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bfb1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a ,french pear1 probably originated in the middle of the last century1 for it was growing at ,lyons in #ahee4 ,fruit below to medium1 globular1 mammillate and deeply depressed at both base and crown1 golden-yellow1 dotted and veined with fawn1 slightly tinged with pale rose where exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 tart1 very delicate and savory2 first2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,berriays4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bfc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fib4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 raised this variety from seed in #ahfa4 ,fruit medium1 sometimes larger1 oblong1 ventriculous1 obtuse1 bossed2 color pale lemon-yellow1 thickly sprinkled with greenish-russet dots2 flesh very white1 melting1 juicy1 rather gritty around the core1 refreshing1 sweet1 acidulous1 with a delicate aroma2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,bertrand ,guinoisseau4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd4 #ahgf4 ,bertrand ,guinoisseau was obtained by ,m4 ,flon1 ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahfh1 and was first exhibited in the ,united ,states by ,colonel ,m4 ,p4 ,wilder4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-oblate2 skin smooth1 yellow2 flesh fine1 very melting and excessively juicy2 first2 end of ,nov4 ,berzelius4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #acb4 #ahbe4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahg4 #ahef4 ,attributed to ,van ,mons4 ,fruit below medium1 short-conic1 bossed and uneven1 lemon-yellow1 densely spotted and partly covered with russet1 thick skinned2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 coarse grained1 sweet1 rather musky2 third for the table1 good for culinary and market purposes2 early summer4 ,besi de ,caen4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bfd1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,the word ,besi or ,bezy is of ,breton origin and signifies a wild pear4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 often distorted and generally more swelled on one side than the other1 green1 strewn with russet dots and touched with fawn around the stem2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 perfumed1 juicy1 melting1 rather gritty around the center2 first2 beginning of ,mar4 to end of ,apr4 ,besi de ,caffoy4 #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #c4 #ahjg4 ,a wilding discovered in the forest of ,caffoy1 ,britanny1 ,fr4 ,fruit small1 oblong1 yellowish1 spotted with red2 flesh melting2 juice very rich2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,the fruits are produced in large clusters at the extremity of the shoots4 ,besi-,carme4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd1 #bch4 #ahgf4 ,on trial with ,simon-,louis ,bros4 of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit large to very large2 flesh melting2 first2 ,mar4 to ,may4 ,besi ,dubost4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3bi1 fig4 #ac4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bfh1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained from a seed of ,echasserie by ,m4 ,pariset1 ,curciat-,dongalon1 ,fr4 ,it first bore fruit in #ahde4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 very obtuse and swelled1 generally a little bossed1 golden-yellow1 dotted and striped with russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 juicy1 gritty around the core2 second2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,besi ,espren4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3ia1 fig4 #dd4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bga1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 about #ahch4 ,fruit medium to large2 form varies from long turbinate-obtuse-pyriform to obovate-pyriform1 with contorted outline1 greenish-yellow1 dotted all over with bright russet and occasionally washed with a deep tinge of red2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 perfumed2 first1 but does not keep long2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,besi ,goubault4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bgb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ejf4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,m4 ,goubault near ,angers1 ,fr41 and submitted to the notice of the ,horticultural ,society of ,maine-et-,loire in #ahdf4 ,fruit large or sometimes medium1 globular1 bossed1 flattened at the base1 mammillate at the summit1 with sides unequal1 greenish-yellow1 dotted and streaked with russet2 flesh very white1 very fine1 melting1 containing some small grits around the center2 juice extremely abundant1 saccharine1 perfumed and having a delicate and agreeable flavor2 first2 ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,besi de ,grieser de ,bhmenkirsch4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ic1 fig4 #cce4 #ahhj4 ,said to have been obtained in the ,swabian ,alps1 ,s4 ,w4 ,ger4 ,fruit nearly medium1 ovoid-pyriform1 obtuse1 bright green1 sprinkled with very small and numerous gray dots2 flesh white2 fine1 buttery2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 and delicately perfumed2 good2 ,aug4 ,besi d',hry4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aci4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ejf4 #ahhd4 ,kmmelbirne4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3g4 #ahef4 ,a wilding discovered in the forest of ,hry or ,hric in ,brittany in the sixteenth century4 ,the ,bretons presented a basket of this fruit to ,king ,henry ,,iv on his visit to ,brittany in #aeih4 ,fruit medium1 globular2 skin thin1 very smooth1 bright green at first1 changing when it ripens to pale yellow1 with blush of red on the side next the sun1 strewed with very minute points2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting1 generally gritty2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 with somewhat of a ,muscat perfume2 first-rate cooking pear2 ,oct4 to ,jan4 ,a good bearer in rich soil4 ,besi ,liboutton4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgh4 #aheh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bgg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,origin uncertain1 but it was cultivated in the garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahdd4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 regular in form1 resembling an apple1 deeply depressed at either pole1 green turning slightly yellow at maturity1 sprinkled with large dots and some fawn-colored stains2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting1 gritty2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 vinous1 rather pleasantly perfumed2 second2 mid-,aug4 to mid-,sept4 ,besi de ,mai4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bgh1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised by ,j4 de ,jonghe1 ,brussels1 from a seed bed made in #ahde4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 rather uneven and irregular in its outline1 bossed1 greenish1 streaked and dotted with brown fawn2 flesh fine1 white1 melting1 rather gritty2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 acid1 richly flavored2 first2 ,apr4 and ,may4 ,besi de ,moncondroiceu4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3fe1 fig4 #cba4 #ahhj4 ,according to ,oberdieck1 this variety was brought to him from the ,chteau of ,herrenhausen near ,hanover4 ,fruit small1 globular-ovoid1 or irregularly round1 often higher on one side than on the other1 pale green1 sown with points of gray-fawn2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting1 a little granular about the core1 juicy1 sugary1 not much perfume2 quality good but unstable1 depending much on the season2 ,oct4 ,besi de ,montigny4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bjg1 ,pl4 ,,xliv1 fig4 #f4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bgi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gja4 #ahfi4 ,the origin of this pear is ancient and uncertain4 ,the monks of the ,chartreuse at ,paris1 however1 propagated and described it in #ageb and ,duhamel du ,monceau again wrote of it in #agfh4 ,fruit medium1 obovate but variable1 one type being pyriform1 ventriculous2 color greenish-yellow1 smooth1 shining1 sprinkled with exceedingly fine dots of fawn and russeted around both stem and calyx2 flesh white1 tender1 buttery1 semi-melting1 gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 having a pleasant1 musky flavor2 first2 end of ,sept4 occasionally to ,nov4 ,besi de la ,motte4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bjf1 ,pl4 ,,xliv1 fig4 #e4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ejg4 #ahhd4 ,first reported by ,la ,quintinye1 the creator of the fruit gardens of ,louis ,,xiv of ,france1 as having been found by him at the end of ,october1 #afhe4 ,tree hardy1 vigorous1 a prolific bearer4 ,fruit above medium to large1 globular1 more swelled generally on one side than on the other1 greenish-yellow or bright green1 sprinkled with large russet dots2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 buttery1 slightly gritty2 juice very abundant and full of sugar1 savory and delicate2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 and sometimes later4 ,besi de ,naghin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,simon-,louis of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,fruit above medium1 apple-shaped2 in character it is an improvement on the ,chaumontel but its flesh is less firm1 finer and more piquant2 its perfume is similar1 and it has less bitterness than is often found in the older fruit2 ,jan4 ,besi de la ,pierre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bhc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a gain of ,a4 de la ,farge1 ,salers1 ,fr41 from a bed of mixed seeds made in #ahdg4 ,fruit medium and often less1 ovate1 regular in form1 slightly swelled and bossed1 lemon-yellow1 partly covered with dots1 marblings1 and stains of fawn especially around the eye and the stem2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice extremely abundant1 saccharine1 vinous1 very delicate2 first2 all ,oct4 to mid-,nov4 ,besi de ,quessoy4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bhe1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ejh4 #ahhd4 ,bezy de ,caissoy4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3agh1 ,pl4 ,,xxix4 #agfh4 ,merlet stated in #afge that this variety was said to have been found originally in the forest of ,quessoy near ,saint-,brieuc4 ,it was known locally as the ,rousette or the ,petit ,boeur d',hiver and was propagated at the beginning of the seventeenth century4 ,fruit borne in clusters1 small1 globular or ovate2 skin rough1 yellowish-green1 much russeted2 flesh white1 delicate1 melting1 gritty around the core1 aromatic and savory2 second2 ripens in succession from ,nov4 or ,dec4 till ,feb4 ,besi de ,saint-,waast4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bhf1 #bhg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,bezi ,vaet4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gjb4 #ahfi4 ,van ,mons was of the opinion that the ,besi de ,saint-,waast originated at the ,benedictine ,abbey of ,saint-,vaast1 ,fr4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate1 obtuse1 narrowing toward the stalk but variable2 skin thick1 yellow1 dotted with fawn1 extensively washed with red-brown on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh rather white1 fine1 semi-breaking1 very juicy1 rather gritty at the center1 saccharine1 acid1 with a pleasant aroma suggestive of the ,chaumontel2 a first-class dessert pear in ,europe but hardly more than a good second-rate fruit in this country2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,besi ,sans ,pareil4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gh1 #bdj4 #ahgf4 ,besi ,incomparable4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bge1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,besi ,sanspareil4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gjb4 #ahfi4 ,bonnefonds mentioned this pear in #afea under the names of ,san-,pair or ,nonpareille1 as also did ,saint-tienne in #affj and ,olivier de ,serres in #afjh4 ,introduced to this country about the year #ahej4 ,fruit medium1 spherical or globular-oval1 generally rather symmetrical1 lemon-yellow1 slightly greenish1 dotted and mottled with fawn1 blushed with brownish-red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 rather melting1 very juicy1 vinous1 saccharine1 sourish1 having an extremely agreeable aroma2 first2 ,oct4 to ,feb4 ,besi ,tardif4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bhh1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3eg1 fig4 #eji4 #ahha4 ,raised in #ahde by ,m4 ,goubault1 ,angers1 ,fr41 this variety was described in #ahdf1 and in #ahdg was declared by the ,horticultural ,society of ,maine-et-,loire to be worthy of cultivation4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular1 bossed1 greenish-yellow1 dotted1 and russeted2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 slightly gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 sugary1 astringent2 third or sometimes second2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,besi de ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ec1 fig4 #cae4 #ahhj4 ,a ,belgian variety1 cataloged in #ahfd by ,m4 ,jahn4 ,whether it was obtained by ,van ,mons or merely dedicated to him is unknown4 ,fruit small1 globular-conic1 more or less short1 regular in outline1 bright green1 sown with numerous small1 gray-green spots2 flesh white1 rather granular1 buttery1 a little gritty at the core1 with abundant1 sweet juice1 acid1 distinct perfume2 good2 ,nov4 ,besi des ,vtrans4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3abg1 fig4 #fb4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bhi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,veterans4 #c4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #gaf4 #ahig4 ,raised from seed by ,van ,mons about #ahcj4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 clear yellow1 very much dotted with grayish-brown specks of different sizes2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 fine1 buttery1 with sufficient sweet juice1 slightly acid2 second for dessert1 but first for stewing2 ripens in ,oct4 and lasts occasionally even till ,apr4 ,the tree is a prolific bearer4 ,besi de ,vindr4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bia1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,was cultivated in the garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers in #ahch4 ,fruit small1 globular1 rather more swelled on one side than on the other1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet and streaked with russet about the calyx1 and marked with brownish-fawn about the stem2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting and containing some grits around the core2 juice sweet1 not acid1 rather savory2 second2 ,oct4 ,besi de ,wutzum4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3aai1 fig4 #edj4 #ahha4 ,of uncertain origin4 ,fruit rather small1 globular1 regular in contour1 largest circumference around center1 forming short point at stem1 pale green1 sown with many fawn dots2 on ripening the green changes to pale yellow and the sun-exposed side becomes golden and washed with red2 flesh white1 tinted with yellow1 semi-fine1 melting1 rather gritty about the center1 juicy1 sugary2 second2 ,oct4 ,bessemianka4 #a4 ,mont4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec1 fig4 #ahha-b4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hc4 #ahhb4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dj4 #aiji4 ,a ,russian variety recommended for cultivation by the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,it grows in ,europe from the ,gulf to the ,volga as far north as ,moscow and ,kazan and is the most widely-known and most largely-grown pear in central ,russia4 ,j4 ,l4 ,budd says1 ,this is beyond all doubt a true hybrid with a wild pear of ,russia as the parent tree4 ,the name means seedless1 and it is rare1 indeed1 that more than the rudiment of a seed can be found4 ,tree upright2 leaves large1 dark1 thick1 very slightly crenate1 almost entire1 stands aridity well4 ,fruit large1 round-obovate1 greenish-yellow1 with some russety-brown2 flesh gritty at the core1 juicy1 with few or no seeds1 mild1 pleasant2 early ,oct4 ,best ,favorite4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #agh1 #ahf4 #ahif4 #b4 ,j4 ,v4 ,cotta ,cat4 #ab1 fig4 #ahih4 ,from ,winnebago ,county1 ,ill4 ,fruit medium1 bronze-yellow1 melting1 juicy2 good2 ripening in ,sept4 ,bettina4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3abd1 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons1 first published in #ahea4 ,fruit medium1 conic or ventriculous-turbinate1 acute1 symmetrical in contour1 green changing to lemon-yellow1 dotted and flecked with russet1 often covered with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 very fine1 excellent2 first for dessert2 ,oct4 ,betzelsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aid4 #ahef4 ,a perry pear grown in ,austria and ,germany4 ,fruit rather large1 globular1 diminishing acutely to the stalk1 grass-green1 sprinkled with dark gray spots2 flesh greenish-white1 dense1 juicy2 very good for household use and perry2 suitable for long-distance transport2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,betzy4 #a4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #djd4 #aijh4 ,a small1 ,french fruit1 good for market and household use1 for cooking1 preserving1 or the making of wine4 ,beurr ,adam4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bib1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a rather poor ,french dessert pear known for #bej years4 ,fruit below medium1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 dark greenish-yellow1 fawn1 dotted with russeted1 and washed with carmine on the cheek next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 veined with pale green1 melting1 sweet1 fairly juicy1 acidulous and aromatic2 second1 apt to rot at the core when ripe2 ,aug4 to ,oct4 ,beurr ,ad4 ,papeleu4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #agh4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,raised from seed of ,glou ,morceau1 and placed on the market by ,dervaes ,brothers1 ,wetteren1 ,bel41 in #ahhh4 ,fruit long1 bright green2 flesh white1 sugary1 very melting2 ,mar4 ,beurr d',adenaw4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hd4 #ahgf4 ,found in the garden of the ,convent of ,schwarzenbruck4 ,fruit large1 rather uneven1 yellow2 flesh buttery and pleasantly perfumed2 good2 through the winter4 ,beurr ,alexandre ,lucas4 #a4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 #ceh4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #ah3baf4 #ahhi4 ,the parent tree was a wilding found in #ahcf in a wood of the ,department of ,loir-et-,cher1 ,fr41 and in foliage and growth much resembles ,doyenn ,boussock4 ,fruit large to very large1 handsome1 pyriform1 clear green1 dotted with maroon or chestnut-colored spots2 flesh fine1 melting1 perfumed1 juicy1 in flavor superior perhaps to ,doyenn ,boussock2 first2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,beurr ,allard4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bic1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,from the ,horticultural ,society of ,maine-et-,loire whose ,committee named it in #aheb4 ,fruit below to medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 dotted and mottled with russet2 flesh whitish1 fine1 soft1 melting1 not gritty1 reddish under the skin1 with very sugary juice1 perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,amand4 #a4 ,lucas ,tafelbirnen #aag4 #ahid4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #fa1 #bbh4 #ahie4 ,raised by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium to large1 variable in form1 globular1 narrowing toward the upper part and somewhat distorted near the stem1 which is placed at right angles to the long axis of the fruit1 bossed2 skin fine1 shining1 greenish-yellow changing to a translucent canary-yellow2 flesh white1 very fine1 altogether melting1 and of a sweet1 delicious and pronounced flavor of almond2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr d',amanlis4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bid1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eji4 #ahhd4 ,pomologists differ as to the origin of this pear4 ,probably it takes its name from ,amanlis1 a village near ,rennes1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 rather uneven in contour1 bright green changing to yellowish-green1 lightly washed with red-brown on the cheek exposed to the sun1 dotted and marbled with fawn-russet2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 melting1 tender1 rich1 very juicy1 sugary1 some acidity1 agreeably perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,beurr ,ananas4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eaj4 #ahhd4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 regular in outline1 yellow1 with red blush on side next the sun1 and streaks of crimson2 flesh yellowish1 semi-buttery1 melting1 very juicy and sweet1 with a strong odor of musk2 inferior2 end of ,oct4 ,beurr d',angleterre4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aig4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3big1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,angleterre4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dha4 #ahhd4 ,the first description of this pear was given by ,le ,lectier1 ,orlans1 in #afbh4 ,the probability is that it was imported to ,france by ,le ,lectier early in the seventeenth century from ,england4 ,it is grown extensively around ,paris for the supply of the markets where it is in very general demand in ,september4 ,fruit medium1 acute-pyriform1 bright green-yellow1 dotted very regularly with small1 russet spots2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary and richly flavored2 good dessert pear2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,antoine4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ahj1 fig4 #egb4 #ahha4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bii1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised at ,lyons1 ,fr41 by ,m4 ,nrard1 nurseryman1 in #ahbb from a bed of seeds of ,white ,doyenn4 ,fruit about medium size1 oblong-obovate-pyriform2 color yellowish-green2 flesh granulated1 very melting1 rich in sugar2 early ,sept4 ,beurr ,antoinette4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3fa1 fig4 #ahei4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cjj1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a gain of ,alexandre ,bivort at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,bel41 in #ahdf4 ,fruit medium1 sometimes larger1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform2 golden-yellow1 dotted and mottled with brown1 stained with fawn around the stem and often colored on the side next the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 acid1 sugary1 aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,aqualine4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aaf4 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons published in #ahcc4 ,fruit medium1 long-obtuse-oval1 light green turning to yellow-green1 dotted with whitish-gray2 flesh semi-fine1 white1 extremely juicy2 first class for all purposes2 end of ,dec4 ,beurr de l',assomption4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cjc1 figs4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,pom4 ,france #d3 ,no4 #aff1 ,pl4 #aff4 #ahfg4 ,m4 ,ruilli de ,beauchamp1 ,goupillre1 ,nantes1 ,fr41 obtained cions of a pear raised by an amateur4 ,these grafts gave fruit in #ahfc4 ,j4 ,j4 ,thomas wrote briefly of it in the ,american ,fruit ,culturist in #ahhe4 ,fruit very large1 pyramidal-obtuse1 but rather variable1 undulating and bossed1 lemon-yellow1 dotted and streaked with russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 juicy1 slightly gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 vinous and delicately perfumed2 first in ,france1 rather disappointing in ,england2 ,aug4 ,beurr ,audusson4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cje1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed by ,anne-,pierre ,audusson1 ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahcc or #ahcd4 ,fruit below medium1 pyriform1 slightly obtuse1 even in contour1 greenish1 sprinkled with large dots of brown and blushed on the side next the sun2 flesh semi-fine1 whitish1 rather melting1 gritty at the center2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 having little flavor or perfume2 third2 end of ,aug4 ,beurr des ,augustins4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,originally described in the ,pomone tournaisienne which is suggestive that the neighborhood of ,tournai1 ,bel41 was the place of its birth4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse2 flesh buttery1 very juicy2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr ,aunnire4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgg4 #ahei4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cjh1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,generally attributed to ,van ,mons4 ,fruit below medium and often small1 conic-obtuse-pyriform1 lemon-yellow1 finely dotted with brown-russet1 washed with bright rose on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 gritty at center2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 agreeable2 second2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr d',automne de ,donauer4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3agc1 fig4 #efg4 #ahha4 ,liegel said he had received this variety as having come from seed beds of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 regular in contour1 bright green2 flesh white1 tinted with yellow1 melting1 abounding in rich1 sugary water1 vinous and pleasantly perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr d',avoine4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cji1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ahc1 fig4 #chj4 #ahhj4 ,m4 ,tuerlinckx1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 raised this variety4 ,the date of its first fruiting is not known with certainty but it was probably about #ahdi4 ,fruit medium to rather large1 oblong-cylindrical1 irregular1 flattened at base2 color greenish-yellow1 dotted with minute brown points2 flesh white1 coarse1 generally gritty1 very juicy1 sugary2 second as a dessert fruit but first for stewing4 ,beurr d',avril4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ff4 #aiaa4 ,raised from seed by ,ernest ,baltet and shown before the ,pomological ,society of ,france at ,lyons in ,march1 #aiji2 it received great praise4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 green changing to yellow on ripening2 flesh color of fresh butter1 fine and melting1 sugary1 perfumed1 vinous2 good2 ,mar4 to ,may4 ,beurr ,bachelier4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #b3,no4 #di1 ,pl4 #di4 #ahfd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgc4 #ahfi4 ,this splendid pear was obtained by ,louis-,franois ,bachelier1 commune of ,cappellebourg1 ,canton of ,bourbourg1 ,fr41 in #ahde4 ,fruit large1 oblong-turbinate1 very obtuse and swelled1 mammillate at summit1 greenish-yellow1 with brown dots1 russeted and streaked with fawn around the stalk2 flesh white1 fine1 melting2 juice very abundant1 sweet1 acid1 vinous1 delicate and aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,beurr ,backhouse4 #a4 ,garden #eb3cji4 #ahih4 #b4 ,ibid4 #gf3db1 #ed4 #aiab4 ,raised by ,james ,backhouse1 ,york1 ,eng41 about #ahfb4 ,fruit large1 juicy and richly flavored2 though larger it much resembles ,beurr d',amanlis2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,beurr ,bailly4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3caa1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgc4 #ahfi4 ,raised from a seed bed of pips of a ,doyenn made about #ahcf by ,m4 ,bailly1 a nurseryman near ,lille1 ,fr4 ,the parent tree first fruited in #ahdh4 ,fruit large1 long1 assuming generally that of the ,calebasse1 bossed1 irregular2 color golden-yellow1 sown all over with greenish-gray dots and streaked with fawn around the calyx2 flesh exceedingly white and fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 somewhat gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 sugary1 lacking much perfume but delicate2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,baltet ,pre4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aji4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3dg1 fig4 #ejd4 #ahha4 #c4 ,garden #eb3cef1 #cig4 #ahig4 ,baltet ,senior4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aga4 #ahhi4 ,obtained by ,baltet ,brothers1 ,troyes1 ,fr41 about #ahfe4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 yellowish-green2 flesh very fine1 melting1 juicy and richly flavored2 first1 there are few pears of better quality4 7,gard4 #eb3cef47 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,baud4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3a1 fig4 #aic4 #ahgi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eab4 #ahhd4 ,attributed to ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium to small1 obovate1 lemon-yellow1 thickly mottled with cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh whitish1 sometimes veined with yellow1 fine1 buttery1 melting2 juice abundant and sugary1 agreeable but not a remarkable flavor2 hardly first-rate2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,beauchamp4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #def4 #aheg4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #aac1 fig4 #ee4 #ahff-gc4 ,attributed by ,van ,mons in his catalog of #ahbc to ,m4 ,beauchamp4 ,fruit medium to large2 globular1 bossed1 pale yellow1 dotted with fawn1 strongly carmined on the side next the sun2 flesh fine1 white1 excessively melting2 juice sugary1 perfumed1 having a buttery flavor1 delicate and agreeable2 first2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,beaulieu4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgc4 #ahfi4 ,fruit globular-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 very much russeted2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 buttery1 melting1 vinous2 good2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,beek4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3fi1 fig4 #eae4 #ahha4 ,whether this variety originated in the outskirts of ,beek1 a town of the ,rhine1 or whether it came from the neighborhood of the town of ,beek in the ,pays-,bas is uncertain4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 obtuse1 bright green1 sown with numerous strongly marked gray-green dots1 russeted at summit and base2 flesh white1 melting2 juice abundant and sugary2 third-rate for the table but quite useful for the kitchen2 ,sept4 ,beurr des ,bguines4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cad1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3acc1 fig4 #afc4 #ahgh4 ,a posthumous gain of ,van ,mons at ,louvain4 ,its first fruit was gathered in #ahdd4 ,fruit below medium size2 oblate1 more enlarged on one side than the other2 skin entirely covered with a crust of cinnamon-brown russet2 flesh greenish-white1 rather coarse1 very juicy and sweet1 richly flavored1 with perfume of the ,seckel2 quite a good pear2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,bennert4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3ai1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cae1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained from the seed beds of ,van ,mons at ,louvain subsequent to his death in #ahdb4 ,it first bore fruit in #ahdf4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 sides uneven2 color golden-yellow1 striped1 veined and stained with fawn1 dotted with fawn around the stem and washed with reddish-brown on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting containing gritty concretions around the core2 juice abundant1 acid1 vinous1 with delicate aroma2 first1 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,beurr ,benoist4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cfj4 #ahei4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #ce1 fig4 #af4 #ahff-gc4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgd4 #ahfi4 ,found on a farm at ,brissac1 ,fr41 and propagated by ,auguste ,benoist about the middle of the last century4 ,fruit large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform2 skin pale yellow-green strewed with dots and patches of pale brown-russet1 the fundamental yellow-green passing1 on ripening to bright yellow and the side well exposed to the sun often being tinted with orange-red2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 melting1 acidulous and very juicy1 perfumed with a distinct ,seckel aroma2 first2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,berckmans4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3caf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgd4 #ahfi4 ,gained by ,alexandre ,bivort1 ,louvain1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium or above1 long1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 yellow-ochre1 generally covered with streaks and markings of fawn2 flesh whitish1 fine1 very melting1 seldom gritty2 juice excessive1 perfumed2 refreshing and delicate2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr de ,biseau4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #bb3caa1 fig4 #ahgb4 ,raised by ,a4 de ,biseau d',hauteville1 ,binche1 ,bel41 and sent by him in #ahga to the ,royal ,horticultural ,society of ,london where the ,fruit ,committee awarded it a first class certificate4 ,fruit above middle size1 oblong1 unshapely and undulating in its outline2 skin entirely covered with a thick coat of smooth1 dark cinnamon-brown russet2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 buttery and sweet with a rich flavor and excellent bouquet2 first2 ,apr4 and ,may4 ,beurr ,blanc ,dor4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ic1 fig4 #dca4 #ahhj4 ,the first description of this pear was given in #ahci by ,dittrich2 its origin is uncertain4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic1 pale water-green1 dotted with gray-brown1 the green becoming at maturity a beautiful1 warm1 golden-yellow with the side next the sun washed with bright vermilion-red2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-buttery1 sugary and perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,blanc de ,nantes4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cag1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ca1 fig4 #dji4 #ahhj4 ,according to ,prvost1 writing of this pear in #ahde1 it probably came from ,brittany or ,anjou4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate-ovate or turbinate-spherical1 yellowish-green1 dotted with gray1 mottled with fawn1 and occasionally slightly colored with tender rose on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 gritty1 semi-melting2 juice rather deficient1 saccharine1 but wanting in flavor and generally acid2 third2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,beurr ,boisbunel4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cah1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ead4 #ahhd4 ,raised at ,rouen1 ,fr41 from a bed of mixed seeds in #ahce by ,l4 ,m4 ,boisbunel2 first fruited in #ahdf4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse or obovate1 greenish-yellow1 some russet2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 melting1 and gritty2 juice plentiful1 sweet1 little perfume1 refreshing but generally rather harsh2 second and often third2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,bollwiller4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cai1 figs4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ead4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,baumann ,brothers1 ,bollweiler1 near ,colmar1 ,alsace4 ,propagated in #ahdb4 ,fruit medium to large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 golden-yellow1 dotted with gray and brown and washed with tender rose on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh very white1 tender and melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 fresh1 exceedingly savory2 first2 ,mar4 to end of ,may4 ,beurr de ,bordeaux4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dfc4 #ahee4 ,recommended in #ahee by ,thomas ,rivers1 a well-known ,english authority1 as a very productive standard2 fruit of medium size and first quality2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,bourbon4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cbb4 #ahfg4 ,raised by ,m4 ,parigot1 a magistrate at ,poitiers1 ,fr42 it came from a bed sown with various seeds in #ahde4 ,fruit of first quality2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr de ,brme4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,published in ,germany4 ,fruit small or medium1 globular-turbinate1 greenish-yellow2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy2 first2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,bretonneau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cbb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eae4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow much covered with brownish-russet and washed with carmine on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 acid1 sweet1 vinous1 slightly perfumed2 quality variable according to locality1 but generally second rather than first2 ,march to ,may4 ,beurr de ,brign4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3ic1 fig4 #dg4 #ahgb4 ,poire des ,nonnes4 #b4 ,horticulturist #g3ead4 #aheb4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dfc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a wilding found in the commune of ,brign1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr4 ,it was introduced in #ahcb4 ,fruit below medium or medium1 globular-oblate1 bossed round the summit1 pale yellow shaded with tender green1 sprinkled with large1 gray-russet dots and some brownish stains2 flesh whitish1 very fine1 melting2 juice exceedingly abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 having a musky perfume1 delicious2 first2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,bronz4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #eg1 fig4 #bg4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cbd1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,raised by ,van ,mons at ,louvain and published by him in #ahbc under the number #cbh4 ,it was received in ,germany soon after and named ,beurre ,bronz4 ,fruit medium to small1 ovate1 greenish-bronze1 marbled with bright green on the shady side and entirely bronzed and dotted with russet on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh firm1 juicy1 sugary and aromatic2 first2 end of ,oct4 ,beurr de ,brou4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3a1 fig4 #dha4 #ahha4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons grown about #ahbe4 ,fruit small or medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 very pale green1 strewn with numerous minute points of gray-green2 on ripening1 the side next the sun becomes golden and the rest of the skin yellow2 flesh white1 melting1 with abundant juice1 sugary1 agreeable2 a fruit of good quality and ships well2 end of ,sept4 ,beurr ,brougham4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cbe1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ech4 #ahhd4 ,raised from seed in #ahca or #ahcb at ,downton ,castle1 ,hereford1 ,eng41 by ,thomas ,andrew ,knight4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 inclining to oval1 yellowish-green1 covered with large1 brown-russet specks2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender and juicy1 gritty at center2 juice sweet1 vinous1 perfumed2 second and often first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,bruneau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cbf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3aa1 fig4 #aheg4 ,bergamotte ,crassane d',hiver4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger4 #a3ai1 fig4 #h4 #ahff-gc4 ,raised at la ,bourdiniere1 in the commune of ,chateau ,thibaut1 ,fr41 first reported about #ahcj4 ,fruit above medium1 globular-turbinate1 very obtuse and swelled1 deeply depressed at each end1 yellow-orange1 dotted with gray and red-brown2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-melting1 rather gritty2 juice abundant1 acidulous1 sugary1 vinous1 slightly perfumed1 often sour2 second2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,beurr de ,bruxelles4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cbg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,originated in ,brabant1 ,bel41 and first reported by ,louis ,noisette1 ,paris1 ,fr41 in #ahac4 ,fruit above medium1 very long1 bossed1 rather obtuse and always swelled round the calyx2 skin rough to the touch1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with bright brown and washed with rose on the side of the sun2 flesh very white1 fine1 semi-melting1 generally gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 more or less perfumed1 refreshing and very agreeable2 first2 beginning of ,sept4 ,beurr ,burnicq4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger4 #c3,pt4 #a1 #aja1 fig4 #di4 #ahff-gc4 ,from a seed bed of ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 first published in #ahdf4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform2 skin rough from a thick covering of russet1 strewed with gray specks but showing some of the yellow of the ground color1 often of a rather somber red color on the sunny side2 flesh slightly greenish1 very fine1 melting1 sugary1 juicy1 perfumed2 quality in ,france first2 end of ,sept4 ,beurr du ,bus4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 yellow1 stained with fawn2 flesh buttery1 melting1 aromatic2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,beurr ,bymont4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cfc4 #ahei4 ,of foreign origin2 described by ,elliott as new in #ahei4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate-truncate1 russety2 flesh juicy1 sweet1 perfumed2 said to be very good to best2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,beurr de ,caen4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eae4 #ahhd4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 narrow1 long1 yellow1 heavily covered with brown-russet2 flesh coarse2 inferior2 ,feb4 ,beurr ,capiaumont4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ccj1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fhb4 #ahfi4 ,a handsome ,flemish pear raised from seed by ,m4 ,capiaumont1 ,mons1 ,bel41 in #aghg4 ,fruit medium1 long-obtuse-pyriform1 clear yellow1 with cinnamon-red cheek and strewed with specks and markings of fawn2 flesh white1 with greenish filaments1 fine-grained1 buttery1 melting2 juice abundant1 sweet1 aromatic2 first quality2 good for dessert and also for the kitchen2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,caty4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cca1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained about #aheh by a ,doctor ,hlin1 ,ronquieres1 ,bel4 ,fruit under medium1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 mammillate at summit and one side generally more bulged than the other1 dull yellow1 dotted and veined with bright brown2 flesh fine1 melting1 a little gritty at center2 juice plentiful1 sourish1 sweet1 savory2 first2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,beurr ,caune4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,fruit rather large1 water-green1 touched with dull carmine2 flesh melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulated1 recalling the agreeable perfume and acidity of the ,beurr ,gris2 first2 ,sept4 ,beurr du ,cercle ,pratique de ,rouen4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ccb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eaf4 #ahhd4 ,from a seed bed made by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 in #ahde4 ,fruit rather below medium size1 pyramidal but much longer on one side than on the other2 skin rough to the touch1 lemon-colored1 much covered with bronze-russet and strewed with gray dots2 flesh greenish1 fine1 juicy1 melting1 very gritty1 sweetish acid and of a very delicate flavor2 first2 end of ,sept4 ,beurr du ,champ ,corbin4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ei1 fig4 #dad4 #ahhj4 ,obtained by ,jacques ,jalais from a bed of mixed seeds made in #ahdf4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovoid1 water-green1 sown with large1 round dots2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 buttery1 semi-melting1 with abundant juice1 sugary and having a rather agreeable perfume4 ,beurr ,charron4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ccd1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eaf4 #ahhd4 ,raised from seed at ,angers1 ,fr42 fruited in #ahch by ,m4 ,charron4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet2 flesh tender1 juicy1 watery1 melting2 juice very abundant1 sweet1 vinous1 refreshing1 deliciously perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,chatenay4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ccd1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a ,french pear raised in the commune of ,dou-la-,fontaine1 ,maine-et-,loire1 by ,pierre ,chatenay in #ahdf4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 bossed and contorted1 yellowish-green1 washed with bright red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 highly perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,chaudy4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,fruit very large1 pyriform1 bossed1 bright green changing to pale yellow at maturity2 flesh fine1 melting1 very juicy1 perfumed2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,beurr ,christ4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3adc1 fig4 #afh4 #ahgh4 ,described in the ,van ,mons ,catalog under the number #aci2 dedicated to the ,german pomologist ,christ4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 rather bossed in its outline1 bright green1 numerous small dots of gray-brown2 quality good2 flesh fine1 buttery2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,citron4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgf4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3acc1 fig4 #fg1 #ahgb4 ,from a ,van ,mons' seed bed4 ,fruit small or medium1 ovate1 somewhat globular1 lemon-yellow2 flesh white1 fine1 breaking2 juice sufficient1 wanting in sugar1 acidulous1 without appreciable perfume2 not of first quality but of some value on account of its prolonged period of maturity2 ,jan4 to end of winter4 ,beurr ,clotaire4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ccg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,the wilding1 parent-tree of this variety was found in #ahed by ,m4 ,clot1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 obtuse1 generally narrowed toward the summit1 yellow-ochre color1 much dotted with greenish-russet2 flesh whitish1 fine1 watery1 melting1 gritty round center2 second2 ,sept4 ,beurr de ,coit4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bdc1 fig4 #abj4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbb4 #ahfi4 ,originated with ,colonel ,coit1 near ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 dull green1 sprinkled with numerous large brown points2 flesh semi-fine1 whitish1 veined with yellow1 buttery1 melting1 rich in sugary water1 vinous and perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,colmar4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3fg1 fig4 #ahec4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eag4 #ahhd4 ,beurr d',enghien4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3bc1 fig4 #dib4 #ahha4 ,raised in ,belgium by ,van ,mons before #ahbc4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 bossed1 irregular1 obtuse at both ends1 smooth1 yellow1 dotted with brown and fawn1 with a tinge of orange-red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 crisp1 melting1 juicy1 some grit around the core2 juice abundant1 sugary1 slightly perfumed2 a dessert pear of first quality2 mid-,oct4 to ,dec4 ,beurr ,coloma4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cci1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eag4 #ahhd4 ,obtained by ,count ,coloma1 probably at ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate1 obtuse1 much reduced at both extremities2 skin thin and tender1 at first a lively green changing to golden-yellow on ripening1 much russeted2 flesh white1 fine1 dense2 juicy1 semi-melting1 gritty at center1 sugary and vinous flavor2 second2 end of ,sept4 ,beurr du ,comte ,marcolini4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aae4 #ahef4 ,upper ,italy1 #ahci4 ,fruit medium1 long1 medium ventriculous1 shining pale green changing to whitish-green2 flesh acidulous1 sweet1 and aromatic2 second2 end of ,oct4 ,beurr de ,conitz4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3ajc1 fig4 #eb4 #ahgb4 ,a ,german variety at one time grown a good deal in the neighborhood of ,danzig1 where it was known by the name ,fondante de ,conitz4 ,fruit medium to large1 conic-pyriform1 lemon-yellow1 washed with lively red2 flesh white1 fine1 very melting1 very sugary1 pleasantly scented2 good2 middle of ,aug4 ,beurr ,copretz4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eag4 #ahhd4 ,fruit below medium1 oval1 regular in outline2 skin smooth1 greenish-yellow1 having large patches and dots of russet2 flesh greenish-white1 coarse-grained1 juicy and sugary1 having but little flavor2 inferior2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,dalbret4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cdc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fgh4 #ahfi4 ,this variety was obtained by ,van ,mons prior to #ahcb4 ,fruit medium or above1 elongated-pyriform1 rather indented and irregular1 golden or greenish-yellow1 dotted all over1 mottled and spotted with bright red2 flesh white1 fine1 juicy1 melting1 perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,beurr ,daras4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #he4 #ahgf4 ,distributed by ,m4 du ,mortier1 ,tournai1 ,bel41 who said that its fruit was very large1 always of first quality2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,beurr ,daviss4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dfj4 #ahee4 ,fruit medium1 obovate2 good2 ,jan4 and ,feb42 somewhat resembling the ,passe ,colmar1 but keeps better4 ,beurr ,defays4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cdd1 figs4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eah4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,franois ,defays near ,angers1 ,fr42 fruited first in #ahci or #ahdj4 ,fruit large1 pyramidal-obtuse1 pale golden yellow1 with large1 brown dots1 and an orange tinge on side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 delicate1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous2 first2 end of ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,beurr ,degalait4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #he4 #ahgf4 ,probably produced in the ,tournai district1 ,bel41 fruit medium1 turbinate1 greenish-yellow1 very juicy2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,delannoy #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #ga1 fig4 #cd4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cdf1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained by ,alexandre ,delannoy1 nurseryman1 near ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,it was first made known in #ahdh4 ,fruit medium or large1 turbinate-obtuse1 bossed1 one side generally more enlarged than the other1 greenish-yellow1 finely dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 fine1 juicy1 melting1 a little gritty around the core1 sugary1 acid1 with a really exquisite savor2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,delbecq4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #eh1 #bcb4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium1 conic-pyriform1 lemon-yellow2 flesh very fine1 melting1 sweet2 first2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,dlicat4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3ag1 fig4 #aje4 #ahgh4 ,thought by ,mas to have been raised by ,m4 de ,jonghe1 ,brussels4 ,fruit small1 rather long-turbinate1 even in contour1 bright1 clear green1 covered with extremely small and numerous fawn dots2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 with abundant1 sweet juice1 perfumed4 ,beurr ,derouineau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cdh1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eah4 #ahhd4 ,raised from seed in #ahdj by a gardener named ,derouineau near ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit small1 obovate2 skin rough to the touch1 bronze1 but brightening somewhat on the shady side and turning to yellow2 flesh white1 delicate1 melting1 juicy1 sweet and aromatic2 hardly first-class2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,dilly4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3 ,no4 #aga1 ,pl4 #aga4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aei1 #bdd4 #ahgf4 ,obtained about #ahdh by ,m4 ,v4 ,dilly near ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform-globular1 obtuse2 skin thick1 rather rough and wrinkled1 green changing to yellow1 washed with dull red2 flesh greenish1 very fine1 melting2 juicy1 sugary1 perfumed2 very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,beurr ,docteur ,pariset4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3agg1 fig4 #efi4 #ahha4 ,produced from a chance seedling in #ahef and cultivated by ,m4 ,pariset1 ,ain1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 conic-obtuse-globular or nearly globular1 water-green1 sprinkled with numerous very large1 brown dots2 flesh fine1 buttery1 melting2 juice abundant and perfumed2 somewhat like ,beurr ,diel which it surpasses in quality2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,doux4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ceb1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,cultivated in ,france in the middle of the last century2 its origin is unknown4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular-turbinate1 bossed1 rough1 yellowish-green1 dotted all over with gray specks1 extensively tinged with vermilion on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 melting1 gritty at center1 juice sufficient and very sweet1 vinous1 sourish2 third2 ,sept4 ,beurr van ,driessche4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dcd1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained from seed in #aheh by ,m4 van ,driessche1 a horticulturist at ,ledeberg1 near ,ghent1 ,bel4 ,fruit rather large1 oblong-obtuse1 dull yellow2 flesh semi-melting1 sugary and of a delicate savor1 vinous and acid juice2 first2 ,feb4 to ,may4 ,beurr ,driessen4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ba3adf4 #ahee4 ,driessen's ,pomeranzenbirne4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aeg4 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons1 #ahcd4 ,fruit large1 roundish1 yellow1 with a strong1 reddish blush2 flesh whitish-yellow1 semi-melting1 rather sour and sweet2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,beurr ,dubuisson4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #bj3ghi4 #ahif4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #agg1 fig4 #aijf4 ,obtained about #ahcb by ,isidore ,dubuisson1 a gardener near ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,fruit rather large1 oblong1 obtuse at base1 flat at summit1 greenish-yellow on shaded side1 often washed with red on the side exposed to the sun1 marked all over with russet spots and veinings2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 melting1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 acid1 perfumed2 very good2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,beurr ,duhaume4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eai4 #ahhd4 ,fruit turbinate1 evenly shaped2 skin yellow but almost entirely covered with brown-russet1 some red and orange on side exposed to the sun2 flesh firm1 breaking1 very juicy1 sweet1 rich1 vinous2 first2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,beurr ,dumont4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cec1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eai4 #ahhd4 ,obtained from a seed-bed by ,joseph ,dumont1 ,esquelmes1 ,bel4 ,it first bore fruit in #ahcc4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-oval1 greenish-yellow1 speckled with brownish-russet on the shaded side and entirely washed with reddish-brown on the side of the sun2 flesh juicy1 melting1 and richly flavored and aromatic2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr ,dumortier4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #c3,no4 #ajj1 ,pl4 #ajj4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ced1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,attributed to ,van ,mons1 about #ahah4 ,fruit above medium1 turbinate1 more or less elongated1 obtuse1 bossed1 yellowish-green1 dotted and mottled with russet1 and often tinged with pale rose on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 melting or semi-melting according to climate2 juice very abundant1 acidulous1 sugary1 with a delicious1 perfumed flavor2 first2 ,sept4 to ,dec4 ,beurr ,dupont4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eai4 #ahhd4 ,fruit small1 pyriform-curved1 sides unequal1 rich golden-yellow1 speckled with patches of cinnamon russet2 flesh tender1 melting1 juicy and sweet1 without perfume and only a sweet-water flavor2 second2 end of ,oct4 ,beurr ,duquesne4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebj4 #ahhd4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 yellowish-green changing to yellow1 tinged with red next the sun1 covered with heavy1 brown dots2 flesh white1 tender1 melting1 sugary1 rich2 a good dessert pear2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,durand4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cee2 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ic1 fig4 #bci4 #ahgi4 ,came from a seed bed made by ,m4 ,goubault near ,angers1 ,fr41 and was reported in #ahed4 ,fruit above medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 long1 golden-yellow1 dotted and mottled with fawn2 flesh very white1 fine1 melting1 full of sugary1 vinous juice1 and having a pleasant flavor2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,beurr ,duval4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cef1 figs4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebj4ahhd4 ,this variety was found among a collection of seedlings raised by ,m4 ,duval1 ,hainaut1 ,bel41 some time before #ahbc4 ,fruit medium to large2 short-pyramidal1 bossed1 greenish-yellow1 covered with large1 greenish-gray freckles and large1 dark brown patches1 often washed with red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish1 melting and juicy1 sugary and aromatic2 first2 ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,beurr d',ellezelles4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aji4 #ahgf4 ,a ,belgian pear sent out before #ahgf4 ,fruit flesh very fine1 juicy1 sweet1 perfumed1 musky2 an exquisite pear2 ,oct42 tree never blighted4 ,beurr pine4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cei1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,m4 ,bivort was the first to describe this pear which he did in #ahej2 it was disseminated from ,belgium4 ,fruit above medium1 long-obtuse-pyriform1 even in contour2 skin rough1 lemon-yellow1 mottled with fawn1 heavily washed with brown-russet on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting1 gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 vinous and saccharine1 with a delicate1 acid flavor2 second2 ,nov4 ,beurr d',espren4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dfj4 #ahee4 ,fruit large2 good2 tree hardy1 healthy and succeeds well on quince stock2 ,jan4 ,beurr d',esquelmes4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gg4 #ahie4 ,raised by ,joseph ,dumont at ,esquelmes near ,toumai1 ,bel4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-obovate or ,doyenn-shaped1 yellowish-green1 washed with fawn2 flesh fine1 melting2 good2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,eugne ,furst4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large2 flesh melting2 of first quality2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,fauve de ,printemps4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ace1 fig4 #cef4 #ahhj4 ,raised by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 sometimes turbinate-conic1 sometimes conic-ovate1 water-green1 speckled with numerous brown points1 changes to bright lemon-yellow on ripening2 flesh yellowish-white1 buttery1 sweet1 generally musky2 good2 end of spring4 ,beurr ,favre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cfj1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised by ,franois ,maisonneuve1 ,nantes1 ,fr42 it was first reported in #ahde4 ,fruit below medium1 long-pyriform1 obtuse1 often mishapen1 one side always longer than the other1 yellow-ochre2 flesh whitish1 semi-melting1 sweet1 acid1 juicy2 second1 sometimes third2 beginning of ,oct4 ,beurr ,fenzl4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3afi1 fig4 #aha4 #ahgh4 ,first recorded by ,denis ,henrard1 a horticulturist at ,liege1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-globular1 or turbinate-pyriform1 irregular in contour1 pale and dull green1 speckled with dots of gray-green or green1 on ripening becomes lemon-yellow or gold and washed with vermilion on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 melting1 sweet1 refreshing2 first-class2 ,nov4 ,beurr de ,fvrier4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3ic1 fig4 #ahei4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cfa1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a seedling raised by ,m4 ,boisbunel at ,rouen1 ,fr41 in #ahde4 ,fruit medium to large1 oval-pyriform1 enlarged toward its summit1 green passing into yellow-green on ripening1 finely dotted with gray2 flesh very fine1 greenish-white1 very melting1 buttery2 juice abundant1 sugary-acid1 a little musky1 very agreeable2 first2 mid-,jan4 to early ,mar4 ,beurr ,fidline4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cfb1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed in #ahfa by ,robert and ,moreau1 horticulturists at ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit below medium1 ovate1 green1 much dotted with russet2 flesh yellowish1 melting2 juice abundant1 sugary and refreshing and delicately perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr ,flon4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cfc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #bc3cjh1 #ddf1 fig4 #eg4 #ahhe4 ,obtained at ,angers by ,m4 ,flon2 fruited for the first time in #aheb4 ,fruit rather large1 turbinate1 very obtuse1 bossed1 usually having one side larger than the other2 skin harsh to the touch1 thick1 lemon-yellow1 entirely covered with red-gray spots1 largely marbled and spotted on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 rather delicate1 tender1 slightly gritty2 juice abundant1 sweet1 aromatic1 endowed with an agreeable and delicate acid flavor2 first2 mid-,sept1 to mid-,oct4 ,beurr ,fouqueray4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #bd3fbb4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,fouqueray1 and introduced before #ahhe4 ,fruit very large1 oblong1 obtuse-pyriform1 olive-green1 speckled with brown spots2 flesh white1 tender1 melting1 sweet and perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,gambier4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3aai1 fig4 #eh4 #ahff-gc4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,gambier1 ,rhode ,sainte-,gense1 ,bel42 cataloged first in #ahfb4 ,fruit medium to rather large1 obovate-pyriform1 bright lemon-yellow1 washed with red2 flesh white1 slightly veined with yellow1 fine1 buttery1 melting2 juice abundant1 sweet1 perfumed2 below first2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,beurr ,gaujard4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gb1 #bdd4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-globular1 yellow1 covered with fawn russet2 flesh fine1 semi-melting1 a distinctive and very pronounced perfume2 ,sept4 and early ,oct4 ,beurr ,van ,geert4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ge1 #bdi4 #ahgf4 ,obtained by ,jean ,van ,geert1 ,senior1 horticulturist at ,ghent1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate1 lively yellow1 washed with vermilion2 flesh very juicy1 acidulous2 a good fruit of brilliant coloring2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,gendron4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cfe1 figs4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fhh4 #ahfi4 ,raised in the nurseries of ,m4 ,gendron at ,chteaugontier1 ,fr42 gave its first fruit in #ahdi4 ,fruit large1 variable1 oblong-turbinate or nearly globular1 but always irregular1 bossed1 obtuse and contorted1 yellowish1 speckled with brown1 mottled with fawn around the calyx and stalk1 lightly tinged with vermilion on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 coarse1 firm1 breaking1 granular round the pips2 juice sufficient1 acidulous1 sugary2 second2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,beurr de ,germiny4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,first mentioned in ,pomone tournaisienne4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 dull yellow2 flesh fine1 buttery1 sugary1 very juicy1 vinous2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr de ,ghlin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cfg1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebj4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,m4 ,fontaine de ,ghlin1 ,mons1 ,bel41 in #aheh4 ,fruit large1 globular-ovate irregular in form and bossed1 pale yellow1 much covered with fawn-russet2 especially on the sun-exposed side2 flesh yellowish1 melting2 juice most abundant1 with a rich and delicious perfume2 first2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,beurr ,gilles4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahgf4 ,on trial at the ,experiment ,farm1 ,agassiz1 ,b4 ,c41 in #aijj4 ,fruit large1 pyramidal1 brilliant yellow2 flesh very fine1 very juicy1 sugary1 aromatic2 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr ,goubault4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cgj1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eba4 #ahhd4 ,obtained from seed in #ahdb by ,m4 ,goubault1 a nurseryman near ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 inclining to turbinate1 green even when ripe1 uniformly sprinkled with grayish dots2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 aromatic2 first-class2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,graue ,herbst4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bef4 #ahha4 ,fruit variable in form1 long and globular1 sometimes long and pyriform1 light green turning to golden-green2 flesh whitish1 soft1 melting1 sugary with muscatel flavor2 a very good dessert and good cooking pear2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,grtry4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,distributed by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 brown-russet2 of good quality2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,gris4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aif1 ,pl4 #ch4 #agfh4 #b4 ,pom4 ,france #b3,no4 #fh1 ,pl4 #fh4 #ahfd4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cga1 fig4 #ahfg ,brown ,beurr4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ech4 #ahhd4 ,a very old ,french pear mentioned by ,olivier de ,serres1 #afea2 ,c4 ,mallet1 #afeb2 ,claude ,st4 tienne1 #afgj2 and ,merlet1 #afij4 ,it was mentioned by ,rea in #afee as being cultivated in ,england under the name of ,boeure de ,roy4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate2 color of skin varies very much1 but usually yellowish-green1 nearly covered with thin brown or olive-russet and tinged with reddish-brown on the side next the sun2 flesh greenish-white under the skin1 yellowish at center1 melting1 tender1 buttery1 with a rich1 musky and subacid flavor4 ,beurr-,gris d',enghien4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aji1 #bde4 #ahgf4 ,a ,belgian variety raised previous to #ahgj4 ,a handsome and good fruit1 the flesh having a delicious flavor2 ,mar4 ,beurr de ,grumkon4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #acc4 #ahid4 ,fruit large to very large1 very irregular1 obtuse-pyriform1 bossed1 tolerably convex2 skin smooth1 green1 washed with light brown2 flesh whitish1 melting1 juicy2 first2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,grumkower4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #beg4 #ahha4 ,of ,belgian origin2 described early in the nineteenth century4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 light green turning to greenish-yellow2 flesh whitish1 granular1 with a somewhat cinnamon flavor2 very good2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,hamecher4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cgf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eba4 #ahhd4 ,this was one of the last seedlings raised by ,van ,mons and ripened its first fruits in ,october1 #ahdg4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular-ovate1 bossed at the stem and depressed at the summit1 rather irregular1 one side being much longer than the other1 greenish-yellow1 mottled with russet2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acid1 slightly perfumed2 second1 at times1 third2 early ,sept4 ,beurr d',hardenpont d',automne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cgg1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fhc4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ie1 fig4 #ccf4 #ahhj4 ,this pear has often been confused with ,glou ,morceau but erroneously2 both were raised by ,van ,mons1 but they differ in form and other characteristics4 ,this variety was obtained from seed by ,van ,mons about #ahjb4 ,fruit medium to large1 long-pyriform-obtuse1 pale yellow1 covered with large1 bronze dots and patches of russet2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 melting1 generally gritty2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinous1 very aromatic2 first2 end of ,sept4 ,beurr ,hennau4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3c1 fig4 #dhb4 #ahha4 ,probably ,belgian4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform2 bright green1 speckled with light brown dots2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 sweet and rather vinous2 good2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,henri ,courcelle4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #d3fjb4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #eb4 #ahie4 ,raised by ,arsne ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 from seed of ,bergamotte ,espren which it resembles in form4 ,fruit medium to small1 oblong-pyriform1 grayish-green2 flesh very fine and of a distinctive and exquisite flavor2 first2 winter and spring2 very fruitful4 ,beurr ,hillereau4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,fruit large1 pale yellow1 ensanguined on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh medium fine1 very melting2 first2 ,dec4 ,beurr d',hiver4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ecd4 #ahfj4 ,introduced to ,france by ,louis ,noisette from ,brabant1 ,netherlands1 in #ahjf4 ,fruit green1 does not change on ripening2 flesh melting1 sugary1 perfumed2 good2 ,jan4 ,beurr d'hiver de ,dittrich4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,fruit rather large1 conic1 yellowish-green2 flesh buttery1 perfumed2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,beurr d',hiver de ,kestner4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebb4 #ahhd4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 with a very long1 straight stalk obliquely inserted1 greenish1 covered with pale russet2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 not juicy and rather disagreeable than otherwise2 handsome but worthless2 mid-,dec4 ,beurr de ,hochheim4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahgf4 ,of ,german origin4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 clear green2 flesh buttery1 of a flavor recalling that of the ,beurr ,gris2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr ,hudellet4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ie1 fig4 #bdj4 #ahgi4 ,origin uncertain1 but probably it was raised from seed by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-conic1 regular in form1 water-green1 speckled with very dark green spots2 flesh whitish1 rather fine1 buttery1 sufficiently juicy and sugary1 vinous and agreeable2 medium2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,jalais4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3chj1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fib4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed by ,jacques ,jalais1 ,nantes1 ,fr42 it was made known in #ahdh1 and the ,horticultural ,society of ,nantes awarded it a silver medal in #ahfa4 ,fruit large1 globular-obovate-pyriform2 skin oily1 golden-yellow1 finely dotted1 striped and veined with brown-russet1 reddened on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 generally gritty round the core1 with vinous1 sweet1 savory1 perfumed juice2 first2 ,sept4 to mid-,oct4 ,beurr ,jean ,van ,geert4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cha1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebb4 #ahhd4 ,raised from seed by ,jean ,van ,geert1 a nurseryman at ,port de ,bruxelles1 ,bel41 and placed on sale in #ahfd4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 curving toward the stalk1 bright yellow1 dotted and marbled and striped with fawn1 washed with vermilion on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting1 juicy1 granular around the core2 first1 but of rather variable character2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,kennes4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3chc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebb4 #ahhd4 ,from seed sown by ,van ,mons2 yielded its first fruit in #ahde4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellow-ochre1 dotted with gray specks1 brick-red on the side next the sun2 flesh yellow1 coarse1 semi-melting1 juicy1 sweet1 and highly perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,kenrick4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3fd4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fib4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling from ,van ,mons1 named in honor of ,william ,kenrick1 the ,american pomologist4 ,fruit large and handsome1 sometimes smaller1 turbinate1 greenish-yellow1 with indistinct russet spots2 flesh buttery1 juicy1 sweet2 good1 but variable2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,knight4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3che1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,obtained from seed by ,van ,mons and sent to the ,london ,horticultural ,society in #ahag bearing the name of ,knight in honor of ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 who was at that time ,president of the ,society4 ,fruit medium or above2 form varying from globular-ovate to globular-turbinate1 always deeply depressed at the lower end and usually swelled near the stalk1 yellow-green1 dotted all over with fawn and extensively colored with dark carmine on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 melting2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 refreshing1 possessing a delicious perfume2 first2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,knox4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3chg1 figs4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebc4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,van ,mons before #ahai4 ,fruit large2 form varies from true turbinate to globular-turbinate1 bossed and contorted1 smooth1 shining pale green in shade1 tinged with red on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting1 juicy1 of agreeable flavor2 second for eating1 first for the kitchen4 ,beurr de ,koninck4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #ig1 fig4 #ade4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3chh1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained by ,van ,mons and dedicated to ,laurent-,guillaume de ,koninck4 ,fruit small to nearly medium1 globular-turbinate1 or turbinate-obtuse1 somewhat bossed1 olive-yellow1 dotted and mottled with russet and on the side of the sun entirely covered with a clear brown wash2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine1 melting1 watery1 generally gritty2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 vinous1 and only slightly perfumed2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,kossuth4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ah3bie1 fig4 #ba4 #aheb4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3chi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,received by ,andr ,leroy about #ahdi among numerous varieties sent him by many persons for trial4 ,fruit large1 variable in form but always turbinate1 swelled at central circumference1 surface very uneven1 rough2 skin thin1 dull yellowish-green1 traced and freckled with gray or bronze1 dotted with specks of the same color2 flesh whitish1 very fine1 melting1 buttery1 sugary2 juice abundant1 slightly acidulated2 an excellent fruit of first quality2 mid-,sept4 ,beurr de ,lad4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #acc4 #ahid4 ,included about #ahic by ,m4 ,lucas1 director of the ,pomological ,institute of ,reutlingen1 ,ger41 in his list of #ajj best pears4 ,season ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr ,lagasse4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ga4 #ahie4 ,a ,french variety which resisted the great frost of #ahgi-hj4 ,fruit medium1 oval-pyriform1 yellowish-green3 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy2 good2 late ,sept4 ,beurr ,lamoyeau4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebc4 #ahhd4 ,fruit large1 long-pyriform1 golden-yellow1 speckled with russet1 crimsoned on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 fine-grained1 rather firm1 sweet1 with a watery juice2 inferior2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,langelier4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebc4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,rn ,langelier1 ,jersey1 ,british ,channel ,islands1 about #ahdj4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 pale greenish-yellow1 crimson blush on the side next the sun1 covered with russet dots2 flesh tender1 buttery and melting1 with rich and vinous flavor2 excellent2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,beurr de ,lederbogen4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ea1 fig4 #bah4 #ahgi4 ,the parent tree of this variety was found about #ahbi in the garden of ,m4 ,lederbogen near ,magdeburg1 ,prussia4 ,fruit nearly medium1 globular1 conic1 regular in form1 clear bright green1 speckled with numerous and regularly spaced1 very fine1 brown dots2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 with abundant1 rich1 sugary juice1 delicately scented4 ,beurr ,lefvre4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gii4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebd4 #ahhd4 ,this variety was distributed by ,m4 ,lefvre of ,mortefontaine near ,paris in #ahdf4 ,fruit large1 obovate and sometimes oval1 greenish-yellow on the shaded side and much covered with russet1 but brownish-orange on the side next the sun1 with some streaks of red2 flesh white1 rather gritty at the core1 melting1 juicy1 rich1 aromatic and delicious1 soon decays at the core2 middle and end of ,oct4 ,beurr de ,lenzen4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf1 #bdg4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 meadow-green2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy2 first2 ,oct42 tree vigorous4 ,beurr ,liebart4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cdb1 figs4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ajg1 fig4 #bdf4 #ahgi4 ,beurr ,liebart was raised from seed by ,van ,mons before #ahag and was dedicated to an amateur pomologist4 ,fruit large1 globular-ovate but rather variable in form1 clear yellow1 dotted uniformly and streaked with brown-russet1 extensively carmined on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 hard and breaking1 rather gritty at the center2 juice sufficient1 with little sugar and generally acid and without perfume2 second or third2 end of ,sept4 ,beurr de ,lindauer4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,fruit large or very large1 long-ovate1 greenish passing into yellow2 flesh melting1 very fine1 sugary1 agreeable perfume2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr ,loisel4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cia1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,loisel1 ,fauquemont1 ,province of ,limburg1 ,holland1 and was distributed in ,france in #ahec4 ,fruit under medium1 conic-obtuse1 always bossed1 dark olive-yellow1 dotted with fawn around the stem1 streaked with pale red around the calyx1 and washed with rose on the sun-exposed side2 flesh white1 melting1 the juice being abundant1 acid1 sweet1 vinous and very delicate2 first2 beginning of ,oct4 ,beurr de ,longre4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gi4 #ahie4 ,a ,belgian variety4 ,fruit small1 globular1 yellow-russeted2 flesh melting1 very sugary2 of good quality2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,beurr de ,luon4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3ga1 fig4 #ahei4 ,beurr ,gris d',hiver ,nouveau4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cgd1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,pomologists are agreed that this pear originated about #ahcj at ,luon1 ,vende1 ,fr4 ,fruit above medium to rather large1 globular1 irregular1 bossed1 and always more extended on one side than on the other2 skin thick and wrinkled1 grayish-green1 and reddened on the sunny side and stained with large patches of fawn2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 melting1 gritty especially around the core2 juice extremely abundant1 sugary1 vinous1 aromatic2 first2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,beurr ,luizet4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit4 ,man4 #ebd4 #ahhd4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 pale yellow1 speckled with russet dots2 flesh tender1 buttery1 melting1 sweet1 with watery juice2 inferior2 ,oct4 ,beurr de ,mans4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebd4 #ahhd4 ,cultivated in ,england prior to #ahfc4 ,fruit small1 roundish-ovate2 green1 changing to yellow1 streaked and crimsoned on side next the sun2 flesh yellow1 crisp1 very juicy1 with a rich sweetness2 excellent2 end of ,august4 ,beurr ,mauxion4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bc3bei4 #aheg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fic4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling found in a garden at ,orbigny1 ,indre-et-,loire1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 inclining to pyriform1 clear yellowish-green1 with reddish spots in the shade1 clear yellow in the sun1 marbled and spotted with red1 washed at maturity on fruits well exposed with golden red-brown on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 melting2 juice very abundant1 with a savory perfume1 and rich in sugar2 first2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,menand4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cic1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebe4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 and fruited first in #ahfc4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 pale lemon-yellow1 strewed with brown dots2 flesh tender1 white1 melting2 juice sufficient1 buttery1 sweet2 first2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,millet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cid1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebe4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahdg4 ,fruit below medium1 obovate1 dark grass-green1 much covered with russet2 flesh whitish1 tender2 juice plentiful but watery2 first2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,moir4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #hc1 fig4 #dj4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cie1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,a wilding found at ,saint-,aubin-de-,luign1 near ,angers1 ,fr41 about #ahcf4 ,fruit medium or above1 turbinate-pyriform1 slightly obtuse1 bossed and slightly contorted1 greenish-yellow1 covered in part with pale markings of russet and dots of brown-russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 watery1 granular at the center2 juice excessive in amount1 sweet1 sugary1 aromatic and having a very delicate savor2 first2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,mondelle4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #adc1 fig4 #gj4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cif1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,m4 ,bavay1 ,vilvorde1 ,bel41 propagated this variety about #ahej2 origin unknown4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 ventriculous1 regular in form1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with fawn and nearly covered with marblings of russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 compact1 melting1 granular at the core2 juice very abundant1 very saccharine1 savory1 possessing a highly agreeable1 musky perfume2 first2 all ,sept4 ,beurr de ,mons4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fhd4 #ahfi4 ,foreign2 of small value as it rots at the core4 ,fruit small1 globular-obovate1 yellowish1 with a shade of brownish-red in the sun1 many green and gray dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 juicy1 astringent2 poor2 ,aug4 ,beurr de ,montgeron4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3ge1 fig4 #cf4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cig1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,in #ahcj ,m4 ,guyot found this pear in the commune of ,saint-,leger1 ,department of ,cher1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium and below1 obovate-obtuse or globular-turbinate1 smooth to touch1 shining1 golden-yellow1 dotted with fawn1 vermilioned extensively on the side next the sun2 flesh fine1 semi-melting1 rather gritty around the core2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 vinous1 with little perfume2 second1 but first rarely1 when the juice is highly perfumed2 end of ,aug4 ,beurr ,morisot4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3g1 fig4 #d4 #ahgb4 ,a hardy ,french pear of unknown origin1 but published in ,m4 de ,bavay's ,catalog1 #ahee-ef4 ,fruit large1 globular-conic1 bright yellow all over2 flesh white1 semi-melting2 juice abundant1 sweet1 slightly acid1 of refreshing savor2 good2 toward end of winter and spring4 ,beurr de ,mortefontaine4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cii1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,beurr ,beaumont4 #b4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3hi4 #ahea4 ,obtained from seed about #ahjd by ,m4 ,lefvre1 a ,frenchman4 ,it is quite probable that this is identical with ,beurr ,lefvre1 although slight differences appear in the descriptions4 ,fruit large1 often very large1 globular-turbinate or spherical1 generally irregular2 skin rough1 bronze1 sprinkled with large1 scaly dots of gray1 and with brick-red stains on the cheek next the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 doughy1 very gritty around the core2 juice deficient1 acidulous1 vinous2 third for dessert1 second for kitchen2 end of ,aug4 and early ,sept4 ,beurr de ,mortillet4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #de4 #ahie4 ,of unknown origin but obtained shortly before #ahie1 probably in ,france4 ,fruit large or very large1 turbinate-pyriform1 tender green1 dotted with russet1 generally blushed on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 very fine-grained1 buttery1 melting1 juicy2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,beurr ,motte4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dja1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised about #ahec at ,roubaix in the ,department of the ,nord1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-pyriform1 having always one side longer than the other1 bronze1 dotted with russet1 washed with grayish-green on the side not exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 sugary1 with a very agreeable1 buttery flavor2 second2 ,nov4 ,beurr des ,mouchouses4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3i1 fig4 #c4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3djb1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this pear was procured from seed by ,m4 ,rongiras near ,prigueux1 ,dordogne1 ,fr4 ,the tree ripened its fruit for the first time in #ahda4 ,fruit above medium1 globular-turbinate1 very obtuse and much swelled1 dark olive-yellow1 stained with russet around the stem and dotted with the same color1 tinted with brownish-red on the cheek next the sun2 flesh whitish1 a little coarse1 melting1 watery1 rarely very gritty2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 vinous and with a savory aroma2 second2 ,aug4 ,beurr de ,naghin4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #adb4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #db3ddd1 fig4 #ahb4 #aijg4 ,obtained about #ahdj by ,m4 ,norbert ,daras de ,naghin1 ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,fruit above medium1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 yellowish-green1 more or less covered with minute1 blackish spots2 flesh white1 melting1 agreeable flavor1 aromatic1 juicy1 free from grit4 ,beurr de ,nantes4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3ag1 fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3dg1 fig4 #bb4 #ahff-gc4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3djc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,m4 ,franois ,maisonneuve1 ,nantes1 ,fr41 found this wilding and first published it in #ahde4 ,fruit medium and often larger1 oblong1 very obtuse1 generally bossed and a little contorted2 very variable in both size and form2 color tender green or yellowish-green1 dotted and slightly mottled with fawn and sometimes colored with dull red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 free from grit2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 acidulous1 without any pronounced perfume2 second2 early ,sept4 ,beurr de ,nesselrode4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh1 #bdg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aia1 fig4 #aib4 #ahgh4 ,originated in the ,crimea4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 bright green dotted with bright brown specks2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 buttery1 melting1 abundant1 with sugary juice1 a subtle perfume1 and distinct flavor2 good2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,obozinski4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #gg4 #ahie4 ,beurr ,obozinski was listed by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis in #ahgf as a recent gain of ,m4 ,grgoire of ,jodoigne1 ,brabant1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 truncate-turbinate2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine1 deficient in juice and sugar1 perfumed2 fairly good2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,oudinot4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3eaf4 #ahec4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3djf4 #ahfg4 ,published by ,leroy in #ahdi4 ,fruit above medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 swelled1 irregular and bossed1 rough to the touch1 dull grayish-yellow1 dotted with clear brown1 slightly blushed on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 very fine and melting1 free from grit2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinous1 of an exquisite flavor2 first2 ,sept4 ,beurr de ,paimpol4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3djg1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fie4 #ahfi4 ,beurr de ,paimpol was a wilding found in the commune of ,plowbazlance1 ,cotes-du-,nord1 ,fr41 in #ahbe4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 ventriculous1 regular in contour2 skin rough1 thick1 grass-green1 sprinkled with numerous gray-russet dots especially around the stem2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 granular around the center1 juicy1 saccharine1 vinous1 with an agreeable flavor2 second2 ,sept4 ,beurr de ,palandt4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahgf4 ,a ,german variety4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellow1 covered with cinnamon-russet2 flesh fine1 melting2 first2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,pauline4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,the variety is supposed to have originated in the neighborhood of ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 pyramidal1 bright yellow2 flesh fine1 buttery1 very juicy2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,pauline ,delzent4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ea1 fig4 #cad4 #ahhj4 ,raised by ,m4 ,lefvre-,boitelle at ,amiens1 ,fr41 about #ahej4 ,fruit large1 conic-ovate1 sombre green and speckled with many large1 gray-brown points2 flesh whitish1 slightly tinted with green under the skin1 buttery1 melting1 rather granular at the core1 sweet1 juicy1 vinous2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,payen4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3djh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,adrien ,papeleu at ,wetteren near ,ghent1 ,bel41 who disseminated it in #ahdf4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 grayish-russet1 covered with strongly marked1 whitish specks2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice sweet and musky4 ,beurr ,perran4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #ai3bji1 fig4 #bh4 #ahif4 #b4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #cb3ia1 fig4 #ad4 #ahif4 ,this variety was imported into ,england by the ,worcester ,nurseries about #ahff1 but was not much heard of until #ahif when it was exhibited before the ,royal ,horticultural ,society and was awarded a certificate of merit4 ,fruit large1 globular-obtuse1 irregular surface1 pale yellow but nearly covered with russet spots and blotches2 in season immediately after ,christmas and keeps till end of ,feb42 for such a season the flavor is rich and good1 flesh very melting4 ,beurr ,philippe ,delfosse4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dji1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eah4 #ahhd4 ,from a bed of seeds made in #ahcb by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 golden yellow1 dotted1 striped and marbled with fawn2 flesh buttery1 whitish1 very melting1 slightly gritty at core2 juice very abundant1 acidulous1 sugary1 delicately perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,beurr ,pointill de ,roux4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3daj1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ajg1 fig4 #ecd4 #ahha4 ,alexandre ,bivort described this pear in #ahea and said that it had been raised by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 long-turbinate-obtuse1 meadow-green1 mottled and dotted with russet2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 gritty around the core2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 having little perfume2 second2 ,oct4 ,beurr de ,popuelles4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,a ,belgian variety4 ,fruit medium1 green1 russeted2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr ,preble4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3fj4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fie4 #ahfi4 ,a native variety raised from seed by ,elijah ,cooke1 ,raymond1 ,me4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate1 greenish-yellow1 mottled with russet and green spots2 flesh white1 buttery and melting1 with a rich1 high flavor2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,prcoce4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dac1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebf4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,m4 ,goubault1 a nurseryman at ,mille-pieds1 near ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahej4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 obtuse at stalk1 yellowish-green1 specked with russet1 slightly reddened on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 delicate1 melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinous1 sometimes disagreeably astringent2 moderate2 ,aug4 ,beurr ,pringalle4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fj4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,clestin ,pringalle1 nurseryman near ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 oval-oblong1 gray2 flesh very fine1 buttery1 melting1 sweet and aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr de ,quenast4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3ae1 fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dad1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,appears to have originated at the village of ,quenast1 ,brabant1 ,bel41 but the date and circumstances of its origin are unknown4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 slightly obtuse1 bossed1 bright yellow-green1 sprinkled with large dots of russet and some patches of darker russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 gritty around the core1 saccharine1 acidulous1 of good flavor2 second2 late ,sept4 ,beurr de ,ramegnies4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahgf4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate-pyriform1 yellowish-green1 stained with fawn and washed with red2 flesh buttery1 very juicy2 first2 ,oct4 ,beurr de ,rance4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3de4 #ahee4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebf4 #ahhd4 ,bon-,chrtien de ,rance4 #c4 ,pom4 ,france #c3,no4 #ajg1 ,pl4 #ajg4 #ahfe4 ,obtained from seed by ,abb ,hardenpont at ,mons1 ,bel42 the first fruiting of the parent tree was in #agfb4 ,fruit medium to large2 oblong-ovate1 rounded at the stalk1 usually ventriculous and bossed2 skin very rough1 dark green1 bronzed1 dotted and mottled with gray2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine1 sometimes coarse1 semi-melting1 very juicy1 always a little astringent but aromatic and vinous2 first2 ,feb4 to ,may4 ,beurr ,reine4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dag4 #ahfg4 ,a ,belgian variety cultivated in the ,royal fruit orchards of ,vilvorde-lez-,bruxelles in #ahej4 ,fruit very large1 especially on espalier and pyramid2 obovate1 often approaching the form of the ,beurr ,diel2 second2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,richelieu4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fif4 #ahfi4 ,fruit large2 obtuse-pyriform-truncate2 skin greenish1 inclining to yellow1 sprinkled with dots2 flesh buttery1 juicy1 melting1 with a fine1 sweet1 aromatic flavor1 sometimes astringent2 good to very good2 ,dec4 ,beurr ,roland4 #a4 ,gard ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #a3che4 #ahhg4 ,raised by ,m4 ,roland and described as a new seedling in #ahhg4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 regular1 olive1 much russeted2 flesh melting1 sugary1 fragrant2 ,mar4 ,beurr ,romain4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cfd4 #ahde4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dbj1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,of uncertain origin2 described by ,diel in #ahjb4 ,fruit medium or below1 variable in form from obovate-pyriform to oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow tinged with russet-red next the sun and covered with numerous dark gray spots2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting1 almost free from grit1 juicy1 acidulous1 saccharine1 with a slight and pleasant taste of anis2 variable in quality2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,beurr ,rome ,gaujard4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fe4 #ahie4 ,of ,belgian origin4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform1 green covered with brown-russet1 changing to yellowish-green on ripening2 flesh white1 rather firm1 melting1 perfumed2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,beurr ,rose4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ebh4 #ahfj4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 yellow washed with rose2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 sweet2 end of ,oct4 ,beurr ,rouge d',automne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dba1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised about #aghj by the ,chartreuse monks at ,paris4 ,fruit medium and often below1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 yellow-ochre1 dotted and stained with fawn around the calyx and washed with brownish-red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine or coarse1 melting1 rarely very juicy1 granular at center1 sugary1 vinous1 little perfume2 quality variable4 ,beurr ,royal de ,turin4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #ba3ggi4 #ahhd4 ,originated in ,italy4 ,fruit large1 globular1 irregular1 yellow1 dotted with green2 flesh melting1 white1 sugary1 pleasantly acidulous4 ,beurr de ,saint-,amand4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3c1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dbc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained from seed by ,m4 ,grgoire1 near ,fleurus1 ,bel41 in #ahec4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovoid1 very obtuse1 bright green passing to golden-yellow and stained with orange-red on the sunny side when ripe2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 some grit around the seeds2 juice vinous1 sweet1 aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 ,beurr de ,saint ,arnaud4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3bai4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fhe4 #ahfi4 ,a ,belgian variety1 originated #ahec2 probably identical with ,beurr de ,saint-,amand4 ,fruit small or medium2 globular-acute-pyriform1 golden-yellow1 marked with orange-red at maturity1 striped with brownish-red in the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery2 juice abundant1 sugary1 perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,beurr ,saint-,aubert4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,probably ,belgian4 ,fruit medium1 oval1 lemon-yellow1 speckled with fawn2 flesh very melting1 sugary and perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,saint-,franois4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,fruit rather large1 oval-oblong1 sombre yellow2 flesh very melting1 sugary1 delicious1 ,nov4 ,beurr ,saint-,marc4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dbe1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a ,french pear of uncertain origin4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-ovate1 greenish-yellow2 washed with rose2 flesh dense1 very juicy1 of exquisite flavor1 sweet and acid2 first2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,tree vigorous4 ,beurr ,samoyeau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dbh1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3abi1 fig4 #beg4 #ahgi4 ,a seedling of ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr42 fruited in #ahfc4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate1 slightly obtuse1 one side always more swelled than the other2 skin greenish-yellow1 sprinkled with large1 russet spots and some stains of fawn1 partly scaly2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 rather granular above and below the core2 juice fair in amount1 saccharine1 with a delicate perfume and highly agreeable1 buttery flavor2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,beurr ,scheidweiller4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebh4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons1 named by him after ,m4 ,scheidweiller1 ,professor of ,botany at ,ghent1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 bright pea-green1 strewed with minute1 russet dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 sweet1 very juicy2 an agreeable pear1 of moderate merit2 end of ,oct4 and early ,nov4 ,beurr ,seutin4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahj4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fig4 #ahfi4 ,attributed to ,van ,mons and first published in #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 inclining to oval1 irregular or angular1 light green turning yellowish at maturity1 sprinkled with dots and speckles of russet1 sometimes shaded with dull crimson2 flesh coarse1 not very juicy1 semi-melting2 third for dessert1 first for cooking2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,beurr de ,silly4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,fruit rather large2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,tree fertile4 ,beurr ,six4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dbi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed about #ahde by a gardener named ,six at ,courtrai in ,belgium4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 smooth1 pea-green changing to yellow2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 melting1 firm1 buttery1 very juicy2 first2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,beurr ,soulange4 #a4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #d3ha1 fig4 #ahed4 ,imported from ,brussels to this country before the middle of the last century4 ,fruit medium to large1 acute-pyriform1 pale1 clear yellow at maturity with some traces of russet2 flesh melting and very juicy1 with a rich and sugary flavor and a particularly pleasant aroma2 very good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,spence4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebi4 #ahhd4 ,this name has been given to several varieties4 ,the true ,beurr ,spence was raised by ,van ,mons who described it as follows3 ,fruit shape and size of ,brown ,beurr4 ,skin green1 handsomely streaked and marked with reddish-brown and reddish-purple4 ,flesh tender1 juicy1 sugary1 and perfumed2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,stappaerts4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3abe1 fig4 #fa4 #ahff-gc4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit small to medium1 nearly spherical or conic-spherical2 skin thick and firm1 pale green sprinkled with large1 brownish dots regularly spaced1 turning to dull1 pale yellow and rather golden where exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-breaking2 juice moderate in amount1 very saccharine1 highly perfumed1 agreeable2 second2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,beurr ,steins4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3age1 fig4 #cgf4 #ahhj4 ,cataloged by ,m4 ,jahn in #ahfd4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 regular in form1 green1 usually entirely or nearly covered with a fine coating of russet of a yellowish-brown1 sown with very small and numerous gray dots2 flesh whitish1 fine1 semi-buttery2 juice sufficient1 sweet and agreeable2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,sterckmans4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3ea1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebi4 #ahhd4 ,doyenn ,sterckmans4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3hi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sterckmans at ,louvain1 ,bel41 before #ahbj4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 delicate greenish-yellow1 largely washed with crimson on side next the sun1 some traces of russet2 flesh white1 with a greenish tinge1 semi-melting1 buttery1 rich1 sugary1 vinous1 fine aroma2 first2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,beurr de ,stuttgardt4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dcj1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained from seed at ,stuttgart1 ,wrttemberg1 ,ger41 in #ahfc4 ,fruit medium1 long-ovoid1 obtuse1 yellow-ochre1 sown with points of gray-russet and some brownish patches1 generally colored with pale rose on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 possessing an extremely delicate flavor2 first2 ,sept4 ,beurr ,sucr4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3aji1 fig4 #bdg4 #ahgi4 ,considered to be a seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit small1 ovate-pyriform1 pale green1 speckled with brown dots1 large and prominent2 flesh greenish-yellow1 melting1 rather gritty at the core2 juice rich in sugar1 having the consistency of a syrup1 from which the fruit received its name2 good2 ,oct4 ,beurr ,thoury4 #a4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #acb4 #aheg4 ,said to have been exhibited before the ,cincinnati ,horticultural ,society1 #ahee1 by ,f4 ,r4 ,elliott1 of ,cleveland4 ,tree handsome1 vigorous4 ,fruit medium to above1 round1 obtusely turbinate1 buttery1 juicy2 good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,beurr ,triguer4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ah3aej4 #aheb4 ,a small1 roundish formed pear1 of a yellow color1 dotted with red spots1 that has a short stem1 and is sweet and juicy1 of a half-breaking texture4 ,beurr de ,ulm4 #a4 ,lucas ,tafelbirnen #ajc4 #ahid4 ,a ,german pear published in the middle of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit medium1 roundish1 sometimes rather oval1 yellowish-green1 on ripening bright yellow2 flesh yellowish-white1 soft1 melting1 very agreeable2 end of ,oct4 ,beurr ,vanille4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fb4 #ahie4 ,disseminated by ,m4 ,proche1 a pomologist at ,slonpno1 ,bohemia4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 russet1 with yellow and red on the sunny side2 flesh fine1 melting1 very sugary and juicy2 first2 autumn4 ,beurr ,varenne de ,fenille4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3ec1 fig4 #cc4 #ahff-gc4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,pariset1 ,curciat-,dongalon1 ,fr4 ,fruit rather large1 globular but irregular1 pale green2 flesh fine1 very melting1 buttery1 abundant1 with sweet juice and well perfumed1 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,beurr ,vauban4 #a4 ,cat4 ,con4 ,pom4 ,france #aie1 fig4 #aijf4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,a4 ,varet in #ahfg4 ,fruit rather large to large1 pyriform-obtuse1 very irregular1 mammillate at crown1 bossed at base1 bright green1 russeted2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 with an agreeable perfume2 very good2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,beurr ,vert d't4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dce1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,a ,prussian variety the exact place of origin of which is obscure4 ,fruit medium and often below medium1 obovate-pyriform1 contorted near the stem which is set obliquely to the axis of the fruit2 skin rough1 bright green in the shade1 yellow-green in the sun1 entirely covered with large1 gray1 round dots and some patches of russet2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 with little juice1 which is very sweet and musky2 third class2 end of ,aug4 ,beurr ,vert ,tardif4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3ic1 fig4 #ec4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dcg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a variety well known in ,belgium and ,germany in the seventeenth century4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 very regular1 generally obtuse1 pale green1 dotted and striped with fawn2 flesh white1 buttery1 semi-melting2 juice sufficient1 vinous1 little perfume2 second2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,beurr ,wamberchies4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ai3gjf4 #ahhc4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hh4 #ahie4 ,fruit rather large1 roundish-obovate1 dotted1 deep green passing into yellow on ripening2 flesh melting1 with abundant1 sugary juice1 completely devoid of pips and grit2 excellent2 ,may and ,june4 ,beurr de ,wetteren4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dci1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ecj4 #ahhd4 ,originated in ,louis ,berckman's garden at ,heyst-op-den-,berg1 ,bel41 and is supposed to have been one of the seedlings raised by ,major ,espren1 some of whose trees ,berckmans obtained after the former's death4 ,it was disseminated about #ahdh4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-pyriform1 lemon-yellow and shining1 covered with large1 russet spots1 washed with dull red next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 coarse-grained1 buttery1 well sweetened and flavored1 juicy2 very good2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,beurr ,winter4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dfj4 #ahee4 ,raised by ,rivers of ,sawbridgeworth1 ,eng41 from seed of the ,easter ,beurr2 must not be mistaken for either the ,black ,achan or ,chaumontel for each of which the name ,beurr ,winter is synonymous4 ,fruit large2 flesh very rich flavor and vinous2 excellent2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,beurr ,witzhumb4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aij4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,ibid4 #aeh4 #ahda4 ,possibly one of ,van ,mons' seedlings4 ,fruit oval1 knobby1 three and a half inches in diameter2 skin rough1 green1 brownish-red or dark brown next the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-transparent1 melting1 perfumed2 ,dec4 ,beurr ,woronson4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3bcd4 #ahed4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aeh4 #ahfj4 ,this pear1 which has been known as ,beurr ,woronson1 ,beurr ,woronzow1 ,beurr ,woronzon1 and ,woronson1 is credited to ,m4 ,de ,hartwiss of either ,france or ,belgium4 ,tree very productive4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 attractive1 juicy2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,beurr ,zotman4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3fi1 fig4 #cbc4 #ahhj4 ,cataloged by this name by the ,society of ,van ,mons1 though ,m4 ,jahn cataloged it in #ahfd under the name ,franz-,madame von ,duves4 ,fruit small or rather small1 like ,calebasse in form1 bright green1 sprinkled with dots of greenish-gray1 the green passing at maturity to bright lemon-yellow and washed on the side next the sun with a beautiful tender rose2 flesh white1 rather delicate1 juicy1 sweet2 second1 but its very fine appearance should merit it a place2 ,july4 ,beyer ,martinsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bh4 #ahef4 ,raised in ,saxony in #ahaf4 ,fruit medium1 light green changing to lemon-yellow1 with reddish blush1 scaly2 flesh very juicy2 good2 beginning of ,aug4 ,beymont4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #hie4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgd1 fig4 #aheg4 ,may be identical with ,beurr ,bymont4 ,fruit about medium1 oblate1 even1 and handsomely shaped2 golden-yellow next the sun1 greenish-yellow in the shade1 russeted around the stalk2 flesh tender1 not very juicy2 an inferior fruit2 ,nov4 ,bezi ,blanc4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #aed4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cia4 #ahed4 ,of foreign origin4 ,fruit large1 oblong-pyriform1 yellowish2 quality very similar to ,bartlett1 though hardly so good1 but it is two weeks earlier2 ,aug4 ,bezi de ,naples4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cee4 #ahed4 ,origin unknown1 presumably ,european and ,italian4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-obovate1 light yellowish-green1 with blotches and stripes of darker hue1 some russet patches and dots2 flesh fine1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet2 first2 end of ,sept4 ,bied-,charreton4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hh4 #ahie4 ,a ,french variety distributed from ,nantes before #ahie4 ,fruit medium to large1 coppery-colored2 flesh semi-fine1 melting1 juicy1 and has a delicate aroma2 ,oct4 ,bierbaumer ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #gf4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-turbinate2 skin fine1 greenish-yellow1 covered with small dots and specklings1 slightly blushed2 flesh yellow-white1 firm1 juicy2 early half of ,oct4 ,big ,productive4 #a4 ,burbank ,cat4 #b4 #aiba4 ,said to be a large fall pear1 a cross between ,bartlett and ,le ,conte4 ,bijou4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fi4 #ahie4 ,a ,french variety obtained by ,m4 de ,mortillet4 ,fruit small or medium1 long1 pale yellow1 tinged with red2 flesh melting1 juicy1 very refreshing2 first half of ,sept4 ,bill ,campbell4 #a4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #bb4 #ahib4 ,said to have been originated in ,alabama by a colored man of the same name from seed of ,duchesse d',angoulme4 ,claimed to resemble its parent very much but to be larger and better in quality4 ,binsce4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,described by ,parkinson1 #afbi1 as a good winter pear1 of russet color1 and a small fruit but a good keeper4 ,birne von ,turschud4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aeg4 #ahef4 ,a ,levantine variety introduced into ,germany in #ahcc4 ,fruit medium1 smooth1 yellow1 without any redness or russet2 flesh savorless1 granular1 breaking2 ,oct4 ,bishop ,thumb4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bcg4 #ahed4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dda1 figs4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gjb4 #ahfi4 ,a long1 oddly-shaped ,english pear of variable color and quality1 rated as an excellent dessert pear by some2 placed on the list of rejected fruits by the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,tree hardy1 very abundant bearer4 ,fruit rather large1 oblong1 narrow1 pyriform1 undulating2 color dark yellowish-green1 covered with numerous large1 russety dots and having a russet-red cheek2 calyx small1 open2 stalk attached with no depression2 flesh greenish-yellow1 melting1 juicy1 vinous2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,bivort ,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ee4 #ahef4 ,a ,belgian seedling1 #ahea4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 smooth1 green changing to yellow1 with bright red cheek2 flesh melting1 vinous1 sweet and agreeable2 good2 beginning of ,sept4 ,black ,hawk4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #a3dcg4 #ahde4 ,exhibited before and reported on at various times by the ,massachusetts and ,new ,haven ,horticultural ,societies as a baking variety4 ,probably a seedling of ,governor ,edwards4 ,black ,huffcap4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eca4 #ahhd4 ,a well-known perry pear cultivated in ,herefordshire and ,worcestershire1 ,eng4 ,fruit quite small1 pyriform or oblong-ovate1 olive-green on the shaded side and covered with dull rusty red on the sun-exposed side2 flesh yellowish-green1 firm and very gritty4 ,black ,sorrel4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,described by ,parkinson in #afbi as a reasonable great long peare1 of a darke red colour on the outside4 ,black ,worcester4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dbi4 #ahde4 #b4 ,ibid4 #gjb4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eca4 #ahhd4 #d4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fruits #afj4 #aibj4 ,worster4 #e4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,black ,pear of ,worcester4 #f4 ,langley ,pomona #acc1 ,pl4 ,,lxxi1 fig4 #b4 #agbi4 ,livre4 #g4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bce4 #agfh4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cdf4 #ahfi4 ,iron ,pear4 #i4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #agd4 #ahdi4 ,the ,romans cultivated a ,pound ,pear during the first century of the ,christian era4 ,in #afeb ,claude ,mollet describes a ,pound ,pear4 ,several subsequent writers describe the same pear as ,livre1 ,de ,livre1 or ,poire de ,livre4 ,in ,worcester1 ,eng41 in the sixteenth century a pear known as ,black ,worcester1 ,black ,pear of ,worcester1 or ,parkinson's ,warden came under general cultivation as a ,warden or baking pear of which it forms the type4 ,these two pears appear to be identical4 ,mas makes ,black ,worcester a synonym of ,de ,livre1 ,hogg states that they very much resemble each other1 the authors of ,guide ,pratique de l',amateur de ,fruits list them as synonymous1 and ,bunyard says that he believes that they are almost certainly identical4 ,black ,worcester is retained as the name of the variety because it is now most commonly used4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy1 bears well as a standard2 young shoots dark yellow-olive1 diverging2 branches inclining downward with the weight of the fruit4 ,fruit large1 obovate2 skin thick1 green1 rough1 nearly covered with dark russet1 occasionally with a dull tinge next the sun2 calyx small1 nearly closed1 set in a wide and rather deep basin2 stem about an inch long1 very stout1 woody1 inserted without depression2 flesh pale yellow1 hard1 crisp1 coarse1 flavorless1 rather gritty2 a good cooking pear2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,blackeney ,red4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eca4 #ahhd4 ,a second-rate perry pear much used in ,herefordshire1 ,eng4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 greenish-yellow1 more or less deep red on the side next the sun2 flesh firm1 crisp1 juicy and mildly acid4 ,blanquet ,anastre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ddc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gjc4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,m4 ,goubault1 a nurseryman at ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahdj4 ,fruit small1 pyriform but rather variable1 form oblong to turbinate-ovoid1 but always rather more swelled on one side than on the other2 color pale green in the shade1 dotted with gray but passing to greenish-yellow on the sun-exposed side which is also generally colored with vermilion2 flesh white1 half-fine1 granular and breaking1 juicy1 sugary1 with a delicate and characteristic aroma2 second2 ,july4 ,blanquet ,long4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bag1 fig4 #ajg4 #ahff-gc4 ,obtained in the garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr4 ,fruit small1 long-ovate1 bright green passing at maturity to pale yellow1 washed with blood-red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 almost buttery1 with abundant1 sweet juice1 refreshing and perfumed2 good2 early ,july4 ,blanquet ,longue ,queue4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aca4 #agfh4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bcc1 fig4 #ae4 #ahff-gc4 ,of very ancient and unknown origin1 mentioned by various ,french authors of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries4 ,fruit small1 ovate-pyriform1 bossed and corrugated at summit1 smooth1 pale yellow1 slightly streaked with tender rose on the sun-touched cheek2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 seldom gritty1 juicy1 acidulous1 sweet1 with a slightly musky and delicate perfume2 second2 end of ,july and ,aug4 ,blanquet ,prcoce4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ddf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ai1 fig4 #dij4 #ahha4 ,this is an ancient and probably ,german variety4 ,fruit small1 long-pyriform1 very pale green changing to canary-yellow2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 granular2 juice moderate in amount1 sweet1 acid1 musky2 second2 early ,july4 ,blanquet de ,saintonge4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ddg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,its name indicates that it was raised in the ,basse ,saintonge1 ,fr4 ,fruit small1 oblong-obovate2 bright lemon-yellow1 dotted with grayish-white2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 rather melting2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 generally vinous1 with some aroma2 second2 end of ,aug4 ,blanquette de ,toulouse #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bbi1 fig4 #aac4 #ahff-gc4 ,origin unknown1 through its name suggests ,toulouse1 ,fr4 ,fruit small1 short-pyriform1 bright green passing on ripening to pale yellow1 carmined on the side next the sun1 with numerous gray dots2 flesh white1 granular1 semi-melting1 with abundant sweet juice2 a fruit of good quality for the season2 middle of ,july4 ,bleeker ,meadow4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cee1 fig4 #adi4 #ahde4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3cci1 fig4 #cc4 #ahdh4 ,found in a meadow by ,aaron ,feaster1 ,bucks ,county1 ,pa41 about #aghc4 ,fruit small or medium1 globular1 very regular2 skin smooth1 bright clear yellow1 sprinkled with crimson dots on the side next the sun2 flesh very white1 firm1 with a musky and spicy taste1 but mostly remains crisp and hard2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,blessed4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3ei4 #aijh4 ,described by ,dr4 ,mease in ,domestic ,encyclopedia1 #ahjd4 ,fruit small2 very good2 medium early4 ,blickling4 #a4 ,bunyard ,cat4 #ci4 #aiac4 ,named from ,blickling ,hall1 ,norfolk1 ,eng41 and supposed to have been introduced by monks from ,belgium4 ,fruit greenish and russety2 flesh melting1 of rich flavor2 excellent2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,block4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3ei4 #aijh4 ,originated by ,a4 ,block1 ,santa ,clara1 ,calif41 before #aijh4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate2 green-yellow1 russeted2 flesh melting2 season medium4 ,blodget4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3baf4 #ahcb4 ,raised from seed by ,david ,blodget1 ,camden1 ,me41 about #ahjj4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform2 flesh melting1 juicy1 with a pleasant1 vinous flavor2 ,sept4 ,blumenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aed4 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons1 ,bel41 #ahbe4 ,fruit small1 roundish-turbinate-obtuse1 lemon-yellow1 washed with red on the sunny side2 flesh half-melting2 good2 end of ,aug4 ,blutbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aic4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #bah1 fig4 #aiac4 ,published in ,germany in #agie and regarded as a perry pear in ,austria4 ,it is known as the ,flesh-pear in ,upper and ,lower ,austria and also as the ,sanguinol in the former4 ,fruit small1 globular-pyriform1 obtuse1 greenish-yellow1 strongly blushed on the sun-exposed side2 flesh yellowish-white1 flushed with red especially on the side next the sun1 rather coarse1 subacid1 little aroma2 third2 ,oct4 ,bocksbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cd4 #ahef4 ,originated in ,saxony #ahcc4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 light yellow and blushed slightly on the side of the sun2 flesh aromatic2 good2 ,aug4 ,bdiker ,dechantsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ie4 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons1 ,belgium1 #aheb4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 green turning to greenish-yellow1 speckled uniformly with russet spots2 flesh yellowish-white1 very soft and delicate2 very good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,bogenkerin4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aie4 #ahef4 ,originated in ,wrttemberg1 #ahbc4 ,fruit medium1 oblique1 sides unequal1 grass-green changing to light yellow1 russeted2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,bhmische frhe ,jakobsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dg4 #ahef4 ,originated in ,bohemia1 #aheb4 ,fruit small1 yellowish-green1 streaked with russet2 flesh yellowish1 vinous2 good2 end of ,july for two weeks4 ,boieldien4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,a cross between ,crassane and ,louise-bonne ,sannier4 ,fruit medium to large2 flesh very fine and perfumed2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,bolarmud4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aaf4 #ahef4 ,an oriental variety introduced in #ahcc4 ,fruit fairly large1 ventriculous-turbinate1 of a uniform light green1 blushed with red2 tolerably sweet2 ,dec4 ,bollweiler ,butterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gj4 #ahef4 ,a seedling raised by ,bollweiler in ,alsace1 #ahea4 ,fruit medium1 short-turbinate1 green changing to greenish-yellow1 somewhat blushed1 thick-scaled2 flesh melting1 sweet2 ,apr4 ,bologna4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3ei4 #aijh4 ,originated by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 yellow2 good2 late4 ,bon-,chrtien d',auch 7,calvel74 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ecc4 #ahhd4 ,although bearing the same name this pear is quite distinct from the ,bon-,chrtien d',auch which is regarded as synonymous with the ,bon-,chrtien d',hiver1 since the pear here discussed ripens in ,july and ,august4 ,fruit large to very large1 like ,calebasse in form1 one side sometimes more swollen than the other1 green becoming yellow on approaching maturity1 bright vermilion on side exposed to the sun2 flesh breaking2 juice rich and sugary2 good2 ,july4 ,bon-,chrtien d',automne4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #aca4 #agbi4 #b4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3hb1 ,tab4 ,,ii1 fig4 #agga4 ,listed by ,langley as ready to be gathered ,aug4 #bj4 ,knoop stated in #agga that it had the same qualities as the ,bon ,chrtien d't but that it ripens a little later4 ,fruit large2 flesh soft and friable1 but juicy1 pleasant and aromatic4 ,bon-,chrtien ,bonnamour4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #gf4 #ahih4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #aif1 fig4 #aijf4 ,raised in #ahie by ,m4 ,guillot1 ,rhne1 ,fr41 and placed on the market in #ahih4 ,fruit large to very large1 of typical ,bartlett form1 rather contracted at the lower end and obliquely hollowed around the stalk1 smooth1 shining1 and covered with fawn-russet and often tinted on the side next the sun2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 perfumed2 first class4 ,bon-,chrtien d',espagne4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3baf1 ,pl4 #df4 #agfh4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3aca1 fig4 #fd4 #ahff-gc4 ,spanish ,warden4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdh4 #ahhd4 ,the origin of ,bon-,chrtien d',espagne or ,spanish ,warden is ancient and uncertain4 ,merlet described it in #afge1 and so did ,la ,quintinye1 in #afib4 ,it was well known2 for ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 gave it some forty synonyms in their #ahie catalog4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 very ventriculous in its lower half where it is more or less bossed1 the upper part narrows to an obtuse end2 skin thick1 greenish-yellow changing to yellow1 dotted and marked with fawn-russet1 and highly colored with vivid red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 coarse1 breaking1 juicy1 with a pleasant1 brisk flavor and musky aroma2 third for the table1 first for the kitchen2 ,nov41 ,jan4 and even ,mar4 ,bon-,chrtien d't4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bag1 ,pl4 ,,xlvii1 fig4 #d4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3deg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,origin ancient and unknown but was cultivated in ,french gardens about the end of the sixteenth century1 being mentioned by ,olivier de ,serres in #afjj1 and by ,le ,lectier of ,orlans in #afbh4 ,it has been cultivated all over ,europe for over three centuries and has consequently acquired a number of synonyms4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 irregular in form1 yellow1 with orange blush on side next the sun1 and strewed with green specks2 flesh yellowish1 crisp1 coarse-grained1 very juicy and of a rich1 sweet and pleasant flavor2 second2 early ,sept4 ,bon-,chrtien ,fondant4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gjd4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3aac1 fig4 #ecg4 #ahha4 ,bon-,chrtien de ,bruxelles4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dec1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,an ancient ,flemish pear which must not be confounded with pine d't although ,bugiarda has been used as a synonym for both4 ,fruit large1 oblong-pyriform1 green1 sprinkled with small dots of deep green1 the fundamental green changing to lemon-yellow on maturity2 flesh whitish1 very melting and juicy1 sweet1 delicately perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,bon-,chrtien ,frdric ,baudry4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hh4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium or large2 flesh fine1 sweet1 perfumed2 first2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,bon-,chrtien d',hiver4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bab1 ,pl4 ,,xlv4 #agfh4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3bc bis1 fig4 #ah4 #ahff-gc4 ,bon-,chrtien d',auch4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ecc4 #ahhd4 ,a volume might be filled with a record of the endeavors to determine the origin of this pear4 ,as to its great antiquity all are agreed4 ,it is established that it was imported into ,france from ,italy in #adie by ,charles ,,viii on his conquest of the kingdom of ,naples1 but whether it was the ,crustuminum of the ,romans or whether it received its name at the beginning of ,christianity remains uncertain4 ,one explanation of the name was that ,franois de ,paul1 the founder of a monkish order1 being called to the court of ,louis ,,xi for the recovery of his health1 was styled by that monarch le bon ,chrtien1 and that he brought with him from ,calabria some of this fruit which henceforth acquired the name it bears4 ,that suggestion1 however1 is evidently erroneous as ,saint ,franois de ,paul's visit to the ,king at ,tours took place in #adhc whereas this pear was introduced to ,france in #adie4 ,it is thought not improbable that the name is derived from the ,greek panchresta1 meaning all good1 of which the ,latin ,crustuminum of the ,romans may also be a derivation4 ,fruit large and sometimes very large1 variable in form1 irregularly pyriform or obovate-turbinate1 rather rough to the touch1 dull greenish-yellow1 some brown next the sun1 and strewed with small1 russet dots2 flesh whitish1 crisp1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic and vinous2 a dessert pear of merit1 first class for cooking2 ,dec4 to ,mar4 ,bon-,chrtien d',hiver ,panach4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dfg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,striped ,bon ,chrtien4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ahd4 #ahcc4 ,a variegated form of ,bon ,chrtien d',hiver propagated by ,louis ,noisette at ,brunoy1 ,seine-et-,oise1 ,fr41 in #ahjb4 ,it differs only from its type in the coloring of its skin which is bright green1 finely dotted and stained with brownish-red and covered with large1 yellow streaks extending from the stalk to the calyx1 and in its flesh being more melting4 ,bon-,chrtien ,mathieu ,joseph ,lamarche4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3ii1 fig4 #ahee4 ,said to have been raised about the middle of the eighteenth century in a ,belgian monastic garden4 ,fruit large1 irregular-pyriform1 rough to the touch1 bright green1 striped with russet and sprinkled with black dots1 becoming rich golden-yellow on maturity2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting2 juice very abundant1 with a delicate savor of the peach and the aroma of the raspberry2 first2 end of ,oct4 ,bon-,chrtien ,prevost4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hh4 #ahie4 ,fruit large2 flesh semi-melting1 juicy and has a very pleasant perfume2 first2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,bon-,chrtien du ,rhin d',automne4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aci1 fig4 #aff4 #ahgh4 ,diel stated that he received this variety from the neighborhood of ,dietz in the ,duchy of ,nassau without any account of its origin4 ,fruit large1 ovate-pyriform1 bossed and irregular1 sides unequal1 bright green1 dotted with gray points1 passing to bright lemon-yellow on ripening1 with some red coloring on the fruits more exposed2 flesh white1 rather fine1 semi-buttery1 firm1 with sufficient sweet juice which is vinous1 acidulous and perfumed4 ,bon-,chrtien ,ricchiero4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #aci1 fig4 #aff4 #ahff-gc4 ,obtained by ,m4 de ,mortillet1 ,meylan1 ,fr42 first published in #ahfe4 ,fruit medium to large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 pale green1 sown with brown spots2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 melting1 a little gritty at the core2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinous1 highly scented2 first2 ,oct4 ,bon-,chrtien ,vermont4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hh4 #ahie4 ,a cross between ,rousselet de ,reims and la ,belle ,angevine obtained by ,m4 ,sannier4 ,fruit large2 form that of ,belle ,angevine2 flesh fine1 juicy1 scented and sweet2 ,oct4 ,bon-,chrtien de ,vernois4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dfi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,henrard1 nurseryman at ,liege1 ,fr41 about #ahdj4 ,fruit large1 varying in form between ovate and turbinate-obtuse1 bossed1 greenish-yellow1 touched with olive-russet and dotted with bright brown specks2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 rather gritty at center2 juice abundant1 sweet1 astringent and slightly aromatic2 second2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,bon ,gustave4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #fi4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dga1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,from a seed bed of ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 but it did not bear fruit till #ahdg4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 mammillate1 bright green1 marbled with russet2 flesh greenish-yellow1 buttery1 sweet1 perfumed2 first2 beginning of winter4 ,bon ,parent4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dgb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aag1 fig4 #aee4 #ahgh4 ,raised by ,simon ,bouvier of ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 in #ahbj4 ,fruit medium1 regular pyriform1 bossed at summit1 smooth1 lemon-yellow1 dotted with gray-russet1 washed with reddish-brown on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 vinous1 aromatic2 hardly first2 ,oct4 ,bon-,roi-,ren4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dgc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed by ,leroy and bore fruit first in #ahfd4 ,fruit medium to large1 ovate1 irregular1 bossed1 lively green1 sprinkled all over with dark gray dots and vermilioned on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine and dense1 watery1 excessively melting1 and a little gritty2 juice abundant1 sweet1 vinous1 with a delicious perfumed taste2 first2 ,oct4 ,bon ,vicaire4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hh4 #ahie4 ,the fruit of this variety resembles that of the ,vicar of ,winkfield and the tree1 of moderate vigor1 is similar to that of the ,duchesse d',angoulme4 ,fruit large or very large1 long and like ,calebasse in form1 yellow1 vermilioned on the sunny side2 flesh very fine1 melting2 ,sept4 ,bonne d',anjou4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dgd1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed by ,leroy in #ahfd at ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium and sometimes large1 ovate1 irregular and much bossed1 bright yellow1 speckled all over with dark gray spots and washed with vermilion on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine and dense1 exceedingly melting1 a little gritty2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinous1 refreshing1 deliciously perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,bonne-,antonine4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dge1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,there is a great similarity between this variety and ,beurr ,flon4 ,the origin is obscure4 ,the ,society of ,van ,mons distributed it before #ahgf without description4 ,fruit large and often enormous1 long-conic1 obtuse1 slightly bossed and generally somewhat contorted at the summit1 dull golden-yellow1 mottled and dotted with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 dense1 very melting1 almost free from granulations2 juice abundant1 refreshing1 sugary1 with an exceedingly pleasant after flavor of anis2 first2 mid-,oct4 ,bonne de ,beugny4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bhj4 #aiaa4 ,a chance seedling1 found at ,sainte-,catherine-de-,fier-,bois1 ,fr41 by ,m4 ,chivert in #ahge4 ,fruit large to very large1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 yellow1 washed with russet especially round the stalk2 flesh melting1 juicy1 sweet1 and agreeably perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 to ,jan4 ,bonne ,carmlite4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hh4 #ahgf4 ,distributed from ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,fruit semi-melting2 like ,calebasse in form2 ,mar4 and ,apr4 ,bonne de la ,chapelle4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bca1 fig4 #aad4 #ahff-gc4 ,a wilding found by ,jacques ,jalais1 ,nantes1 ,fr41 in #ahde4 ,it was described in this country by ,downing in #ahfi4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 short and swelled1 rather irregular in contour1 green1 sprinkled with dots of a deeper shade of green1 some russet blush on the exposed side2 flesh a little greenish1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 with abundant sweet juice1 first2 end of ,aug4 ,bonne ,charlotte4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dgg1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gje4 #ahfi4 ,obtained from seed in the garden of the ,society of ,van ,mons at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 in #ahdi4 ,fruit medium1 variable in form1 but usually simply pyriform1 bossed1 pale yellow1 with green dots1 lightly washed with purple on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 rather fine1 more buttery than melting1 sugary2 juice sufficient and slightly musky2 good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,bonne d',eze4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3gc1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,pom4 ,france #a3,no4 #cd4 ,pl4 #cd4 #ahfc4 ,brockworth ,park4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ece4 #ahhd4 ,a wilding found at ,eze in the ,touraine1 ,fr41 by ,dupuy about #aghh4 ,fruit large1 often medium1 long-ovate-obtuse2 skin rather thick1 oily1 lemon-yellow or golden1 dotted and stained with bright russet2 flesh white1 very fine and melting2 juice excessively abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 having an exquisite aroma2 first2 all ,sept4 ,bonne de ,jalais4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dhj1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained from seed in #aheg at ,nantes1 ,fr41 by ,jacques ,jalais4 ,fruit small1 globular-ovate1 bossed1 one side always more enlarged than the other2 skin rough1 pale yellow1 dotted with clear brown and stained with russet markings2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting1 sometimes a little dry1 slightly gritty at center2 juice sufficient1 very sugary and having an agreeable flavor2 second2 latter half of ,sept4 ,bonne-,jeanne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dha1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,origin unknown1 but in the middle of the nineteenth century it was extensively cultivated in the environs of ,paris4 ,fruit medium to small1 pyriform-obtuse1 depressed at crown and stem1 yellow-ochre1 dotted and mottled with fawn and washed on the exposed side with brick-red or brilliant-violet-red2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine1 and semi-melting1 rather dry1 very sweet and with a not unpleasant taste of fennel2 third1 middle of ,aug4 ,bonne ,sophia4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gjf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 pale greenish-yellow1 with a red cheek1 a few patches and nettings of russet and numerous small1 brown dots2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 sweet and slightly perfumed2 very good2 ,oct4 ,bonne ,thrse4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dhh1 fig4 #bie4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gig4 #ahfi4 ,probably originated by ,nlis1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 previous to the year #ahcd4 ,fruit medium1 regular1 roundish-oval1 greenish-yellow1 marbled with dull red at the stalk2 stalk short1 straight2 calyx small1 open2 flesh white1 juicy1 highly aromatic1 sweet1 melting2 first2 ,oct4 ,bonne des ,zoes4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dfc4 #ahee4 ,described as a recent introduction in ,england in #ahee4 ,fruit medium2 first2 ,sept42 tree productive1 making a good standard4 ,bonners4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ea4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,ibid4 #aai4 #ahgc4 ,originated in ,hancock ,county1 ,ga41 and was known in #ahfi in ,washington ,county1 of that state1 as the ,pop pear4 ,fruit has a peculiar almond flavor2 very good2 ,sept4 ,bonneserre de ,saint-,denis4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dij1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,an exquisite pear raised from seed by ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahfc4 ,fruit medium or above1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 regular in outline2 a second type of the variety is rather contorted and bossed2 color greenish-yellow1 dotted1 striped and stained with russet2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 granular about the core2 juice plentiful1 sweet1 acid1 and endowed with a delicious perfume2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,bonnet ,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ee4 #ahef4 ,a ,belgian variety attributed to ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium to small1 long and convex1 beautiful yellow1 flushed with red on the side of the sun2 flesh melting and sweet2 first2 ,sept4 ,boutoc4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fi4 #ahie4 ,a very ancient variety cultivated in the ,gironde1 ,fr41 and often called ,poire d',ange4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse1 short1 lemon-yellow1 stained with gray and red2 flesh fine1 melting2 good2 end of ,aug4 ,bordine ,musk4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #aca4 #agbi4 ,considered one of the best pears in ,england in the early part of the eighteenth century4 ,fruit small1 globular1 musky2 end of ,june for very short season4 ,bouchamp4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3fd4 #aijh4 ,a chance seedling in the garden of ,m4 ,penneton4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 green1 yellow-russeted2 flesh delicate1 juicy1 buttery1 melting1 sweet1 vinous1 perfumed2 season medium4 ,boucquia4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3acd1 fig4 #c4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cee4 #ahde4 ,a ,flemish variety originated by ,van ,mons who sent cions of it to ,manning in #ahcf4 ,it bore fruit for the first time in the ,pomological ,garden1 ,salem1 ,mass41 in #ahda4 ,fruit large1 oval1 largest in the middle1 tapering towards each end1 pale yellow1 tinged with pale red on the side next the sun1 covered with blackish specks and some patches of russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 melting1 sweet1 rich1 somewhat astringent at times1 perfumed2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,bourdon de ,roi4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ecf4 #ahhd4 ,fruit small1 globular1 yellowish-green1 changing to clear yellow1 with some dark red blush next the sun2 flesh white1 very tender1 semi-melting1 of a refreshing1 sweet1 vinous and musky flavor2 first2 ,nov4 ,bouvier d',automne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dia1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons1 said to have been tasted by ,bivort for the first time in #ahde4 ,fruit below medium1 ovate-obtuse-pyriform1 golden-yellow1 speckled with large dots of bright brown1 mottled with fawn and generally bronzed on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine and semi-melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 and having a delicate aroma2 second2 ,oct4 ,bouvier ,bourgmestre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dib1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ecg4 #ahhd4 ,raised from a seed bed made in #ahbd by ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 bright yellow1 covered with small1 gray dots1 washed with fawn at each end2 flesh very white and fine1 melting1 juicy1 gritty around the core1 vinous and sugary2 second2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,bouviers ,herbstbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fe4 #ahef4 ,originated by ,van ,mons1 #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 oval1 obtuse1 green turning to yellow1 marbled with dark brown and speckled2 flesh semi-buttery1 aromatic1 sweet2 first2 latter half of ,oct4 ,bowdoin4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #c3dh4 #ahcg4 ,raised from seed in the neighborhood of ,boston1 ,mass41 early in the nineteenth century4 ,fruit large2 skin thick2 second2 ,sept4 ,bowne ,winter ,russet4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgb4 #aheh4 ,originated at ,flushing1 ,long ,island1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit large1 greenish-yellow2 good2 ,jan4 ,boyken ,june4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajh4 #ahgc4 ,believed to have originated on the lower ,james ,river1 ,va4 ,on trial and well regarded in #ahgc4 ,fruit medium1 beautifully colored2 good1 may be shipped in early ,july1 keeping qualities good1 but rather deficient in flavor4 ,braconot4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3did1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,from a seed bed made in #ahdj or #ahda by ,leclerc in his garden at pinal1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obtuse1 much swelled1 bossed2 skin greasy1 golden-yellow1 speckled all over with grayish-brown1 washed with red on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 semi-melting1 gritty around the core2 juice moderate in amount1 sweet1 acid and deliciously perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,brandes4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3die1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised by ,van ,mons1 ,louvain1 ,bel42 first reported in #ahah4 ,fruit below medium1 long-ovate-obtuse1 greenish-yellow1 dotted and marbled with russet and extensively washed with russet around the stem2 flesh white1 fine1 excessively melting1 gritty at center2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 musky2 first2 mid-,nov4 to mid-,dec4 ,braunrote ,speckbirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ahi4 #ahhi4 ,poire de ,lard ,brune4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ade1 fig4 #eec4 #ahha4 ,a ,german variety cultivated in ,hanover where it is also known under the names ,poire ,pendante and ,poire ,bourree de ,hambourg4 ,fruit medium or nearly large1 obovate-pyriform1 bright green1 with very numerous dots of darker green but usually no trace of russet4 ,on ripening1 the fundamental green becomes bright yellow1 brightened with reddish-brown on the side next the sun2 early ,sept4 ,braunrothe ,frhlingsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3d4 #ahef4 ,of ,belgian origin4 #ahcb4 ,fruit medium1 entirely covered with brown-russet2 good2 winter to ,march first4 ,braunrothe ,sommerrusselet4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3db4 #ahef4 ,rousselet d't ,brun ,rouge4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3ec1 fig4 #be4 #ahff-gc4 ,probably of ancient ,german origin4 ,published at ,nassau1 #ahjd4 ,fruit small1 obtuse-conic1 regular in outline1 summit flat1 smooth1 pale green changing to bright greenish-yellow and extensively washed on the side next the sun with dull brownish-red on which are yellow-gray dots so prominent as to be rough to the touch2 flesh yellow-white1 rather breaking1 melting1 gritty around the core1 sweet1 refreshing1 having the perfume characteristic of the ,rousselet2 first2 ,aug4 ,brederode4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cg4 #ahef4 ,seeding of ,van ,mons1 #ahag4 ,fruit medium1 long-turbinate1 light greenish-yellow changing to light lemon-yellow1 slightly russeted2 flesh granular1 softish1 very sweet2 end of ,sept4 and early ,oct4 ,bremer ,butterbirne4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bdg4 #ahha4 ,raised from seed by ,herr ,neuburg in ,bremen1 ,ger4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 green1 turning to yellow-green and yellow on ripening2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 finely granular1 musky2 ,dec4 ,brewer4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gjh4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3a1 fig4 #bhi4 #ahhj4 ,origin uncertain1 but probably ,american4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform2 skin thin1 tender1 bright green dotted with very small1 brown specks2 flesh white1 translucent1 melting2 juice sweet1 very abundant1 delicately and agreeably perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,brewster4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #df4 #ahff4 ,a seedling fruited by ,dr4 ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff of ,brookline1 ,mass41 in #ahfe4 ,fruit medium1 yellow1 melting and juicy2 ,nov4 ,brialmont4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dih1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,origin uncertain1 but it was described in the catalog of the ,society of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 mammillate at summit1 yellowish-green1 covered with dots and patches of gray russet2 flesh very white1 dense1 fine1 semi-melting1 some grit about the core2 juice abundant1 sweet and perfumed2 second2 ,oct4 ,brielsche ,pomeranzenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bb4 #ahef4 ,orange de ,briel4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3dg1 fig4 #djh4 #ahhj4 ,attributed to ,holland about #ahab by ,dochnahl4 ,fruit small or nearly small1 globular-turbinate1 sides uneven 7,dochnahl71 even contour 7,mas71 green passing at maturity to bright lemon-yellow1 washed on the side next the sun with a beautiful vermilion1 covered with numerous minute dots of fawn which change to yellow on the sunny side2 flesh whitish1 rather fine1 semi-buttery1 gritty1 not very juicy1 saccharine2 first4 ,briffaut4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #cfg4 #ahfc4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 smooth1 shaded side green1 other red2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 melting1 sweet1 perfumed2 it is one of the most beautiful fruits of the summer1 brilliant in coloring1 but it decays rapidly2 ,aug4 ,brindamour4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eja1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,originated in the ,department of the ,vienne1 ,fr41 at the beginning of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-turbinate1 rough to the touch1 bronzed1 dotted with fawn1 some bright green around the stem1 and marbled with the same color on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 soft1 melting2 juice extremely abundant1 sweet1 acidulous and very pleasantly perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 to the end of ,jan4 ,bringewood4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3abd4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ac3aec4 #ahdg4 ,a foreign variety1 probably ,english4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellowish-brown1 almost covered with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 somewhat gritty around the core1 otherwise buttery1 rich2 first2 end of ,oct4 to beginning of ,dec4 ,british ,queen4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #c3edf4 #ahfb4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ecg4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,thomas ,ingram from seed of ,marie ,louise at ,frogmore1 ,eng41 and first distributed in #ahfc4 ,fruit large1 obovate-pyriform1 bossed1 golden1 much covered with cinnamon-colored russet1 encrimsoned on side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine-grained1 buttery1 melting1 rich1 sugary1 having the flavor of the ,marie ,louise2 first2 ,oct4 ,broncirte ,winterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gj4 #ahef4 ,raised by ,van ,mons at ,louvain1 #ahec4 ,fruit medium to small1 obtuse-ventriculous1 entirely covered with russet but somewhat blushed on the side next the sun2 flesh very sweet2 first2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,bronx4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gaj4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,james ,r4 ,swain1 ,bronxville1 ,n4 ,y41 about #ahej4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 netted and stained with russet2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly perfumed flavor2 very good2 first half of ,sept4 ,bronze ,boisselot4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hh4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium2 flesh very melting1 and of excellent flavor1 sugary2 first2 ,oct4 ,bronze d',enghien4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3aga1 fig4 #cgd4 #ahhj4 ,disseminated by the ,society of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 well swelled around the center1 golden-yellow1 dotted and stained with light bronze2 flesh fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 acidulous2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,brookline4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahff4 ,a seedling pear fruited by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 in #ahfb4 ,fruit above medium1 turbinate1 brown-russet2 flesh sweet1 juicy and buttery1 with high flavor2 very fine2 ,oct4 ,broom ,park4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #bji1 fig4 #ahde4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ech4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,thomas ,andrew ,knight at ,downton ,castle1 ,herefordshire1 ,eng42 it first bore fruit in #ahca4 ,fruit small1 globular-obovate2 skin green and rough1 largely covered with brown-russet2 on the side next the sun it is tinged with dull red2 flesh yellowish1 melting1 juicy1 rich1 with something of a melon flavor combined with pineapple4 ,this singular commixture of flavors is its principal characteristic2 an excellent dessert pear2 ,jan4 ,brough ,bergamot4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ech4 #ahhd4 ,a variety which succeeds well in the ,north of ,england4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate tapering into the stalk2 skin rough1 yellowish-green1 very much covered with brown-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather coarse-grained1 saccharine1 very juicy1 with a rich and highly perfumed flavor2 first2 ,dec4 ,brugmans4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #d3cie1 #ahch4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ajj4 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons1 #ahba4 ,in ,september1 #ahch1 it was exhibited among ninety varieties by ,manning1 before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 light green changing to light yellow at maturity1 sometimes rather blushed2 flesh aromatic and sweet2 mid-,nov4 for three weeks4 ,brumbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3i4 #ahef4 ,originated in ,odenwald1 ,ger41 #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 light yellow turning to lemon-yellow1 striped with bright red2 good2 ,sept4 and beginning of ,oct4 ,brune ,minme4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hh4 #ahgf4 ,fruit rather large2 first quality for cooking2 ,nov4 and ,dec2 of doubtful merit4 ,tree vigorous and fertile1 well suited for exposed situations4 ,brunet4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3i1 fig4 #dhe4 #ahha4 ,found growing wild at ,houga1 ,department of ,gers1 ,fr41 about #ahbf4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 very bright green1 dotted with numerous small1 gray specks2 at maturity the basic green passes to pale yellow1 a little warmer on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting2 juice plentiful1 sweet and agreeably musky2 fair2 end of ,aug4 ,brsseler ,herbstbergamotte4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gf4 #ahef4 ,raised by ,van ,mons in #ahbe4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-turbinate1 yellowish-green changing on maturity to lemon-yellow all over2 flesh granular1 soft1 vinous and strongly musky2 good2 ,nov4 ,brute ,bonne4 #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,kal4 #bjf4 #agcd4 ,franzosische ,zapfenbirne4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aci1 #ahef4 ,fruit medium1 thin-skinned1 grass-green all over1 flushed red on the side next the sun2 flesh somewhat musky1 sweet1 acidulous2 good2 end of ,oct4 ,bryan ,edwards4 #a4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #af3cie4 #ahbf4 ,a seedling found growing early in the nineteenth century in the neighborhood of ,southampton1 ,eng41 by ,bryan ,edwards4 ,fruit globular-turbinate1 pale green changing at maturity to pale yellow2 flesh melting1 rich1 sweet1 pleasantly perfumed2 of considerable excellence2 beginning of ,nov4 ,buchanan4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aad4 #ahfi4 ,submitted for examination to the ,fruit ,committee of the ,american ,pomological ,society in ,january1 #ahfi1 by ,isaac ,buchanan of ,new ,york4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 dull yellow1 with considerable russet2 flesh a little coarse-grained1 melting1 juicy1 gritty next the core1 moderately sweet1 and of good flavor4 ,buffalo4 #a4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #aea4 #aheg4 ,of foreign origin2 an early and abundant bearer2 flesh a little coarse1 but buttery1 juicy1 sugary and sprightly4 ,bunte ,mannabirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ajf4 #ahef4 ,a variegated form of the ,french ,colmar d',hiver or ,colmar4 ,fruit greenish-yellow1 with reddish-brown stripes2 in other respects similar to its type4 ,buntebirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ajf4 #ahef4 ,originated in ,hanover1 ,ger41 #aheb4 ,fruit medium to small1 greenish-yellow turning to bright1 light yellow2 flesh fine1 flushed1 sweet2 good2 mid-,sept4 and ,oct4 ,burchardt ,butterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aad4 #ahef4 ,considered by ,dochnahl to be a seedling raised in #ahcc4 ,fruit medium1 rather variable1 globular-ovate1 uniformly bright lemon-yellow1 sprinkled with fine russet2 flesh rather yellowish1 semi-melting1 aromatic1 sweet2 first2 all ,oct4 ,buree ,winter4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #aca4 #agbi4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 somewhat depressed at both stalk and calyx1 speckled all over2 may be gathered early in ,september and in season ,feb4 to ,apr42 first class4 ,burgoyne4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3fh4 #aijh4 ,fruit large1 oblong-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 blushed with russet2 flesh melting1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 season medium4 ,burkett4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #add4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bcf4 #aiaa4 ,reported to the ,illinois ,horticultural ,society in #ahhj by ,c4 ,s4 ,capps of ,mt4 ,pulaski who described it as a miserable apology for a pear1 though exempt from blight4 ,it was mentioned in a communication to the ,american ,pomological ,society in #aiaa by ,charles ,g4 ,patten1 ,charles ,city1 ,iowa1 as a variety which originating in ,illinois had resisted blight for a period of forty-five years in ,south ,iowa4 ,it has been suggested that this and ,sudduth may be the same4 ,burlingame4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ae3cdd4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gaa4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seeds of pears planted in #agij4 ,in #ahcj ,dr4 ,s4 ,p4 ,hildreth1 ,marietta1 ,ohio1 sent a description of the pear to the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society which named it after ,mrs4 ,burlingame of ,marietta who had originally saved the seeds4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-oblate1 pale yellow1 blushed with red on the sun-exposed side and covered with small1 russet specks2 flesh white1 coarse1 melting and juicy1 rich1 sugary1 perfumed2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,burnett4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aci4 #ahda4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gab4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,joel ,burnett1 ,southborough1 ,mass41 in the early half of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 pale yellow1 with much iron-russet and flushed on side next the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 rather coarse-grained but rich1 musky1 juicy1 sweet2 excellent2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,butt ,pear4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eci4 #ahhd4 ,a pear grown in ,england especially around ,ledbury1 ,herefordshire1 for the production of perry4 ,fruit small1 globular-obovate1 lemon-color1 strewed with minute1 russety dots2 flesh yellowish1 coarse-grained1 granular1 acidulous4 ,butterartige ,bergamotte4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gi4 #ahef4 ,no4 #cc in the ,van ,mons collection1 #ahcd4 ,fruit small1 long-globular1 dark yellow1 much covered with red-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-melting1 sweet1 firm1 aromatic1 suitable for espalier2 beginning of ,nov4 ,bttner ,sachsische ,ritterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bc4 #ahef4 ,poire de ,chevalier de ,buttner4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ade1 fig4 #bfe4 #ahgi4 ,according to ,diel this variety originated in the environs of ,halle1 ,prussia4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 globular-turbinate or globular-ovate1 often irregular in contour1 a lively green sprinkled with dots of gray-green changing to brilliant lemon-yellow at maturity1 well-exposed fruits being extensively washed with brownish-red2 flesh white1 tinted yellow under the skin1 a little coarse1 semi-breaking1 fairly juicy1 more or less perfumed according to the season2 quality inconstant2 ,aug4 ,cabot4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3bad4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3bih1 #bii1 fig4 #ahdd4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gab4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed of ,beurr ,gris planted in #ahba or #ahbb by ,j4 ,s4 ,cabot1 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 slightly irregular2 skin rough1 bronze-yellow1 almost covered with cinnamon-russet1 some marbling of red on the side next the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 breaking1 juicy1 with a rich1 subacid flavor2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,cadeau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ejg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,mainly cultivated in the neighborhood of ,angers1 ,fr41 where it probably originated4 ,fruit small1 globular-ovate1 one side always more swelled than the other2 skin thick1 greenish-yellow or pale yellow1 dotted and striped with gray-brown2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 very granular1 wanting in juice1 sugary1 not much flavor2 third2 end of ,july4 ,cadet de ,vaux4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #acb4 #ahbe4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gab4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ejh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,it is claimed that ,van ,mons originated this variety4 ,tree very productive1 an early and heavy bearer4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 ochre-yellow1 dotted with brown and shaded with fawn and pale red in the sun2 stem short1 large1 curved2 calyx large2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 breaking1 sweet1 juicy1 perfumed2 good2 ,dec4 to ,mar4 ,caen de ,france4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3ajb4 #ahec4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ba3ahh4 #ahee4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #eb4 #ahfi4 ,synonymous with ,no4 #ea of ,van ,mons4 ,it was introduced into this country in #ahcd by ,r4 ,manning1 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,fruit large1 pyriform2 skin thick1 yellow1 overspread with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-melting1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous1 with a little astringency1 slightly aromatic2 one of the very best of the late varieties1 keeps without trouble1 and may be put in barrels to ripen1 and can be depended on from ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,caesar4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3ih4 #ahcb4 ,extensively cultivated in the ,french ,department of ,lorraine in the early part of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit large1 obovate-pyriform1 smooth1 pale yellow in the shade1 deeper next the sun and sometimes slightly tinged with red1 sprinkled with minute specks2 flesh very white1 breaking1 of a rich and rather musky flavor2 on maturing becomes soft rapidly2 ,dec4 ,caillot ,rosat 7,english74 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edj4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aia4 #ahhi4 ,this is not the ,caillot ,rosat of the ,french which in ,england is known as the ,summer ,rose4 ,fruit above medium1 pyriform1 smooth1 greenish-yellow1 with a brownish-red cheek and streaks of brighter red on the side next the sun2 flesh tender1 very juicy1 sweet1 perfumed2 good2 ,aug4 ,caillot ,rosat 7,french74 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eji1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gb1 #bed4 #ahgf4 ,summer ,rose4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #feb4 #ahhd4 ,an ancient ,french pear of unknown origin4 ,writing of it in #aehf ,jacques ,dalchamp thought it identical with the pear ,nard1 of the ,greeks4 ,this1 however1 has not been substantiated2 but the pear was in early times spread generally through ,france under a variety of local names4 ,one ,jehan de ,meung1 a poet born near ,orlans in #abhj1 wrote of it1 as also did ,gilles ,mnage in #afid who said it was a kind of pears so called because of their hardness1 their whiteness and their taste of rose4 ,it is probable that it takes its name ,cailleau1 ,calliot1 ,caillou1 ,caillorosar1 ,caillot1 from the caillou1 a pebble1 because of the grit with which it is filled4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 yellowish1 with stains of fawn-russet1 washed with tender rose on the side of the sun and streaked with the same color around the stem2 flesh white1 scented1 a little coarse1 semi-melting1 always gritty around the core2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 acid1 musky2 second2 ,sept4 ,calbasbirn4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #dig4 #ahag4 ,graue ,flaschenbirne4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adj4 #ahef4 ,originated in ,holland in #ageh4 ,fruit large1 gourd-shaped1 irregular1 bossed1 yellow1 with grayish-russet1 becoming golden and washed with red2 flesh yellowish-white1 soft1 granular1 somewhat woody1 musky1 sweet2 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,calebasse4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eab1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gab4 #ahfi4 ,termed by ,downing a very grotesque looking ,belgian fruit4 ,leroy considered it to have been raised in ,brabant1 ,holland1 early in the eighteenth century by ,herman ,knoop1 a ,dutch horticulturist4 ,fruit medium1 long gourd-shaped1 crooked and undulating in outline2 skin rough1 dull yellow1 with thin1 gray russet on the shaded side becoming cinnamon- and orange-russet next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 crisp1 juicy and sweet2 second2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,calebasse d',anvers4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin of ,antwerp1 ,bel41 and recommended in #ahie by ,simon-,louis ,brothers1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 as combining all the qualities requisite to render it a fruit suitable for commerce4 ,fruit large1 long1 more or less contracted at its center1 canary-yellow1 dotted with brown specks and stained with fawn at the summit2 flesh rather fine1 free from granulations1 juicy1 sugary and savory2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,calebasse de ,bavay4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3ce1 fig4 #bd4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ead1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed at ,mechlin1 ,bel41 and distributed in #ahdi by ,m4 ,tuerlinckx4 ,fruit rather large1 long-pyriform1 contracted at summit1 concave on one side1 the lower end being bent2 color yellowish-green2 flesh white1 very fine2 juice abundant1 sweet1 acid1 having a delicate perfume2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,calebasse ,boisbunel4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #da4 #ahga4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #fe4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,boisbunel of ,rouen1 ,france4 ,fruit large1 like ,calebasse in form1 greenish-yellow1 washed with red2 flesh fine1 yellowish-white1 melting1 very sweet2 first quality2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,calebasse ,bosc4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eae1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edj4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #afb4 #aibj4 ,a chance seedling found in #ahai by ,van ,mons in the garden of ,m4 ,swates at ,linkebeeke near ,brussels1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium to large1 long-conical2 skin rough to the touch and entirely covered with brown-russet1 sprinkled with darker russet dots2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet and agreeably flavored2 second2 ,oct4 ,calebasse ,delvigne4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #ada1 fig4 #fi4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eag1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,mas thinks ,calebasse ,delvigne was raised in ,belgium and ,leroy considers it to have originated in ,france4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellow1 strewed with cinnamon-colored russet and richly colored with red on the sun-exposed side2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather coarse-grained1 melting1 juicy1 sweet and fine flavor1 strong musky aroma2 second to first2 ,oct4 ,calebasse d't4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eah1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edj4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling obtained by ,major ,espren of ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,fruit above medium and sometimes larger1 long-pyramidal1 obtuse1 a little contorted at base1 greenish-yellow1 covered with brown-russet and with numerous russet spots2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 rather gritty at center1 sugary1 slightly acid and having a delicate perfume2 a good early pear2 ,sept4 ,calebasse ,fondante4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #adj4 #ahda4 ,described by ,kenrick in #ahda as a new variety by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit very much lengthened1 bossed1 uniformly red2 flesh melting1 sugary1 agreeable2 ,oct4 ,calebasse d',hiver4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #fi4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3afa1 fig4 #dfe4 #ahhj4 ,obtained by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 and described in #ahdh as a new fruit4 ,fruit large1 turbinate or ovate-pyriform and long1 dark green1 sprinkled with brown dots1 the dark green becoming at maturity pale yellow and golden on the side of the sun2 flesh semi-melting1 white2 juice abundant1 sweet1 and without any appreciable perfume2 good for the purposes of the kitchen4 ,calebasse ,kickx4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi1 #bed4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eda4 #ahhd4 ,this is ,no4 #eij in the ,van ,mons catalog and was a seedling first described in #ahbc4 ,fruit below medium1 obovate1 rather uneven in outline1 light greenish-yellow turning to lemon-yellow1 with some patches of very thin1 pale1 cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh whitish1 coarse-grained1 semi-melting1 sweet1 with an agreeable perfume2 inferior1 becoming pasty in the middle of ,october2 early ,oct4 ,calebasse ,leroy4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eai1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3age1 fig4 #bhj4 #ahgi4 ,raised by ,van ,mons about #ahcj and published for the first time in the ,catalogue ,systematique of ,diel in #ahcc4 ,fruit medium1 conic-pyriform1 somewhat contracted around the middle1 bright green1 stained with russet patches and sown with some gray dots and generally blushed with pale red on the side of the sun2 first2 ,sept4 ,calebasse ,oberdieck4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bhe4 #ahha4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ebj1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a seedling raised by ,leroy at ,angers1 ,france2 it first fruited in #ahfc4 ,fruit large1 very long1 like ,calebasse in form1 more or less obtuse1 bossed2 color orange-yellow1 very finely dotted with brown1 marked with some fawn and blackish patches2 flesh white1 extremely fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 fresh1 sugary1 aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 ,calebasse d',octobre4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #da4 #ahga4 #b4 ,horticulturist #bg3ajb4 #ahgb4 ,received by the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society from ,m4 ,alexandre ,bivort of ,belgium and tested ,november1 #ahga4 ,fruit medium1 acute-pyriform1 long2 skin smooth1 pale yellow1 traced with russet1 with a fine ruddy tint on one side2 flesh yellowish-white1 melting1 juicy and buttery1 fine-grained2 flavor vinous1 rich1 aromatic1 sprightly1 with a slight astringency4 ,calebasse ,rose4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3abc1 fig4 #edb4 #ahha4 ,of uncertain origin4 ,fruit medium or rather large2 obovate-pyriform1 usually rather irregular or bossed in its outline1 bright green1 sown with dots of darker green2 on ripening the fundamental green changes to a pale lemon-yellow1 sometimes washed with rose2 flesh whitish1 buttery1 melting1 sufficient sweet juice1 acidulous2 good2 ,oct4 ,calebasse ,tougard4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3ie1 fig4 #ahee4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eba1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,tougard4 #c4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #dae4 #ahfc4 ,a posthumous seedling of ,van ,mons1 first fruited in #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellowish1 covered with spots and patches of rough brown-russet2 flesh has a pink tinge1 half-melting1 juicy1 sugary and has a pleasant flavor2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,calebasse ,verte4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ebb1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,attributed to ,van ,mons1 date unknown1 as also whether from ,brussels or ,louvain4 ,fruit medium to large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 bossed1 bright green1 sprinkled with russet dots1 veined with grayish-brown around the calyx and stem2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 melting2 juice sweet1 abundant1 acid1 agreeable2 first2 ,oct4 ,calhoun4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #e4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aa3beb4 #ahde4 ,raised by ,governor ,edwards1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 and submitted by him to the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahdc4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 obliquely oblate1 yellowish1 shaded with dull crimson1 russetted2 flesh white1 coarse1 granular1 buttery1 melting1 pleasant2 good2 ,oct4 ,caliorosa4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ah3aea4 #aheb4 ,described among new varieties of fruits4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with brown specks2 not juicy1 indifferent4 ,calixte ,mignot4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hh4 #ahie4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 greenish1 dotted with russet1 passing to yellow at maturity2 flesh very fine1 melting1 buttery1 juicy2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,calvillebirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gb4 #ahef4 ,originated by ,van ,mons1 #ahbe4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-conic1 light green changing to lemon-yellow1 washed with red on the sun-exposed side2 flesh fine1 granular1 sweet1 juicy1 melting1 vinous and musky2 good2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,calvin4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3ga4 #aijh4 ,originated by ,calvin ,throop in ,washington1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform yellow1 blushed and striped2 flesh buttery1 juicy1 melting2 good2 medium4 ,camak4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #b3cbj4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gj4 #ahie4 ,originated with ,j4 ,camak1 ,athens1 ,ga41 and first reported in #ahfj4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellowish-green1 slightly washed with carmine2 flesh fine1 juicy1 sugary2 good2 ,sept4 ,cambacrs4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ebc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,distributed by ,charles ,baltet1 ,troyes1 ,fr41 about #ahfa1 without any specification of origin4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 one side generally more swelled than the other1 golden yellow1 dotted and marbled with russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice very abundant and very sweet1 refreshingly acidulous1 with a delicate aroma2 first2 ,oct4 ,camerling4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ebd1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh4 #ahgf4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons which first bore fruit in #ahdb4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 bossed and somewhat swelled2 skin thick1 wrinkled1 yellow-ochre1 dotted with russet1 much washed with gray-bronze and clouded with brown-red on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 often doughy2 juice sweet1 agreeable2 more frequently third than second class2 ,oct4 ,camille de ,rohan4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edb4 #ahhd4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 green changing to yellow-green on ripening1 with numerous russety dots2 flesh white1 with a pinkish tinge1 fine-grained1 melting1 vinous and of good flavor2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,canandaigua4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3cf1 #aec4 #ahej4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gad4 #ahfi4 ,judge ,atwater of ,canandaigua1 ,new ,york1 brought cions of this pear from ,connecticut in #ahjf4 ,it was exhibited at the ,pomological ,congress in ,new ,york in #ahdi under the name ,catherine but there being already one or more pears known by that name it was deemed well to change its name to avoid confusion4 ,fruit medium1 irregular1 elongated-acute-pyriform1 lemon-yellow1 sometimes red on the sunny side2 flesh white1 fine1 melting and buttery1 sugary1 high flavor2 handsome and excellent2 ,sept4 ,canning4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #dfj4 #ahee4 ,fruit large1 resembling ,easter ,beurr but the habit of the tree is more robust and hardy2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,canourgues4 #a4 ,mas4 ,le ,verger #b3gg1 fig4 #cg4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ebf1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a wilding found about the beginning of the nineteenth century by ,m4 ,lauzeral1 ,monestier1 ,fr4 ,fruit small1 long-ovate1 often more curved on one side than on the other1 smooth and shining1 bright yellow1 sown with small dots of grayish-brown1 colored with pale rose on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting2 juice very abundant1 vinous1 sugary1 refreshing and aromatic2 first2 ,july4 ,cantelope4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #d3bca1 #dff4 #ahch4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gad4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,governor ,edwards of ,new ,haven and presented to the ,horticultural ,society of ,new ,haven in ,september1 #ahch1 when it was reported to be worthy of cultivation4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 pale yellow1 sometimes blushed in the sun2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 breaking1 wanting in juice2 good for cooking2 ,oct4 ,canton4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3gb4 #aijh4 ,originated in #ahhc in ,madison ,county1 ,miss4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 green to yellow1 blushed2 flesh breaking1 juicy1 sprightly2 very good2 season medium4 ,capsheaf4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #c3eb4 #ahcg4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3gg1 fig4 #ahei4 ,introduced by ,s4 ,h4 ,smith1 an amateur horticulturist of ,rhode ,island where it was already much cultivated in #ahcg4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 deep yellow1 with patches and traces of cinnamon-russet2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 not highly flavored but very sweet and agreeable2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,capucine ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ebh1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ade1 fig4 #cfa4 #ahhj4 ,obtained by ,simon ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 a friend of ,van ,mons1 to whom he dedicated the variety in #ahbh4 ,fruit above medium1 oval-pyriform1 bright green1 dotted all over with fawn and slightly bronzed on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish or greenish1 fine1 semi-melting1 crisp1 rich1 sugary2 juice very abundant1 vinous1 having a delicate aroma2 good to very good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,carasi4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hj4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cgc4 #aijh4 ,this is a perry pear1 widely distributed in ,europe under variations of the same name4 ,on the farms of ,brie1 ,france1 it is known as the ,carisi1 the fruit being medium size or rather large1 the juice perfumed1 without color1 rich in tannin4 ,in the neighborhood of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 it is called ,carasi and in the district of ,auge1 ,france1 ,carisy4 ,bunyard and ,thomas in their joint work1 ,the ,fruit ,garden1 mention ,carisie-,gros and ,carisie-,petit as varieties for perry making1 and they are probably two variations of the same pear1 as too are the ,carisi rouge and ,carisi blanc of ,france4 ,the ,carasi1 or ,rote ,carisi1 of ,austria is a beautiful fruit1 large to very large1 irregular in outline1 pyriform1 swelled at middle1 somewhat truncated2 skin tough1 green1 turning to lemon-yellow1 richly blushed on the sunny side1 dotted with red2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 very juicy1 subacid1 aromatic2 ,oct4 ,cardinal ,georges d',ambroise4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,raised from ,beurr ,clairgeau crossed with ,beurr ,henri ,courcelle4 ,fruit medium1 curved1 pyriform1 the form of ,beurr ,clairgeau2 flesh very fine1 juicy1 sugary2 delicious2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,carleton4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #df4 #ahff4 ,this is one of the forty-five seedlings fruited by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 between the years #ahfb and #ahff4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 light green2 flesh melting1 juicy1 slightly acid2 good bearer1 markets well2 ,oct4 ,carmel4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #acd4 #aibj4 ,originated with ,n4 ,w4 ,crawford1 ,east ,carmel1 ,o41 and introduced by him about #ahej4 ,tree hardy1 productive2 fruit russet2 flesh juicy1 excellent2 ripens early4 ,carminbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ej4 #ahef4 ,locality of origin ,nassau1 western ,germany1 #ahab4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 sides unequal2 pronounced lemon-yellow1 carmined on the side of the sun2 good2 ,aug4 ,caroline ,hogg4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edc4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,nicholson ,dict4 ,gard4 #c3ea4 #aijj4 ,a seedling from ,john ,mannington1 ,uckfield1 ,sussex1 ,eng41 which first fruited in #ahgj4 ,fruit below medium1 ,bergamot-shaped1 even and regular2 skin covered with a thick1 rather deep brown-russet1 reddish on side exposed to the sun2 flesh very tender1 melting1 rich1 vinous1 with plenty of finely perfumed juice2 first quality1 reminiscent in shape and flavor of ,winter ,nelis2 ,dec4 ,carrire4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ajdf4 #ahff4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ebi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,in #ahff the original tree was still existing at ,poncet1 ,fr41 being then about #bjj years old4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 golden-yellow1 dotted with brown-gray on the shaded side and bright yellow on the side of the sun1 washed with brilliant red2 flesh yellowish-white1 breaking1 rather dry1 sweet1 acidulous1 agreeable1 without perfume2 second2 ,july and ,aug4 ,cartheurserbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3i4 #ahef4 ,french1 #ahde4 ,fruit very large1 ovate-pyriform1 bossed1 green1 changing to yellow1 lightly blushed in the sun2 flesh soft2 winter4 ,casimir4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ahe1 fig4 #egg4 #ahha4 ,a seedling from ,beurr de ,luon1 raised in #ahei by ,m4 ,pariset1 ,curciat-,dongalon1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform2 skin thin1 tender1 bright green1 sprinkled with numerous round1 brown dots2 on ripening the green becomes lemon-yellow1 lightly washed with red-brown on the exposed side2 flesh a little yellow1 fine1 melting1 gritty around the core1 juice sugary1 abundant1 vinous1 acidulous and perfumed2 good2 ,nov4 ,cassante du ,comice4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #bj3cj1 fig4 #ahga4 ,raised from seed by the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers1 ,fr41 and distributed by ,leroy of that city about #ahgj4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate or ,bergamot-shaped1 dull yellow1 much covered with rough1 brown-russet which leaves large patches of the ground color apparent2 flesh yellowish1 coarse-grained1 crisp1 very juicy1 with a rich1 sweet1 sugary flavor2 first2 ,sept4 ,cassante de ,mars4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3ge1 fig4 #dd4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ecj1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a little-known seedling raised by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 about #ahdj4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 orange-yellow1 dotted1 stained and marbled with fawn1 bronzed on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 breaking1 gritty about the core2 juice abundant1 vinous1 sugary1 rather aromatic1 richly flavored2 second2 winter and spring4 ,cassel4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #acd4 #aibj4 ,probably a cross between ,duchesse d',angoulme and ,kieffer4 ,introduced by ,cassel ,nursery1 ,cleveland1 ,o41 about #aiad4 ,tree strong1 upright1 productive4 ,fruit large1 resembling ,duchesse d',angoulme in shape1 rich lemon-yellow2 flesh yellowish1 white1 fine-grained1 rich1 juicy1 sweet2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,cassolette4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3afj1 ,pl4 ,,xviii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #c3 #ahjg4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eca4 #ahfg4 ,an ancient pear deriving its name from an imagined resemblance to a perfuming-pot4 ,numerous synonyms have been locally given to it4 ,fruit small1 globular1 pyriform1 whitish-green1 sprinkled evenly all over with small dots2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 very tender2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 slightly musky2 second2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,cassolette 7,knoop74 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3ajd1 #ace1 ,pl4 #e4 #agga4 ,this is not the same variety as the ,cassolette described by ,leroy4 ,fruit medium1 long-obtuse-pyriform2 skin rather rough1 brown or grayish on the fundamental green1 on ripening becomes a little yellow2 flesh soft1 melting1 with a very pleasant flavor2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,castelline4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3aea1 ,pl4 #aea4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ecb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #di4 #ahie4 ,a ,belgian variety obtained in #ahce by ,florimond ,castelain near ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-pyriform1 yellowish-green1 much covered with russet and speckled with fawn-russet1 colored with dull red on the side of the sun2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice sugary1 acidulous and agreeably perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,catherine ,gardette4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gae4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #fig4 #ahig4 ,from ,w4 ,d4 ,brinckl1 ,philadelphia1 in #aheg4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 yellow1 freely dotted with red spots on the sun-exposed side2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 buttery1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 ,catherine ,lambr4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ecd1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gaf4 #ahfi4 ,one of the last seedlings raised by ,van ,mons in his nursery at ,louvain4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 covered with russet dots on the shaded side and blushed with tender rose on the sunny side2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 seldom gritty1 having an exquisite savor recalling the perfume of the rose2 very good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,catherine ,royal4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #aca1 ,pl4 ,,lxii1 fig4 #e4 #agbi4 ,king ,catherine4 #b4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,catherine ,royal is mentioned by ,langley as one of the best kinds of ,pears in ,england1 and is without doubt the ,king ,catherine ,pear described earlier by ,parkinson4 ,fruit medium in size1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform2 ,july and ,aug4 ,catillac4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bcc1 ,pl4 ,,lviii1 fig4 #d4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ece1 fig4 #ahfg4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gaf4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #afb4 #aibj4 ,grand ,monarque4 #e4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3abe1 #acf1 fig4 #agga4 ,this old ,french baking pear with over sixty synonyms is supposed to have been found near ,cadillac in the ,gironde4 ,bonnefond in #affe in the ,jardinier ,franois first described it under this name4 ,the great size of the ,catillac has often caused it to be confused with the ,pound pear1 and the latter's name has been applied as a synonym for the ,catillac1 but the two are distinct4 ,tree stout1 vigorous1 spreading1 productive2 leaf large1 round1 downy1 serrate4 ,fruit very large1 broadly turbinate1 dull green to yellow1 with brownish-red blush2 stem stout1 an inch long1 in a small cavity2 calyx open1 in a moderately deep1 ribbed basin2 flesh hard1 rough2 one of the best of stewing pears1 cooking a deep red2 ,nov4 to ,mar4 ,catinka4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ecg1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ede4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,major ,espren from seed at ,mechlin1 ,bel41 about #ahde4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 lemon-yellow1 thickly covered with large cinnamon-colored freckles and tracings of russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 juicy1 sugary1 with a rich1 full flavor perfumed with rose2 good2 late autumn4 ,cavaignac4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3if4 #ahef4 ,raised by ,van ,mons1 #aheb4 ,fruit medium2 skin rough1 green changing to yellowish-green1 blushed with red on the sun-exposed side2 devoid of scent and flavor2 ,sept4 ,cavelier de la ,salle4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,raised from seed of ,olivier de ,serres fertilized with ,vice-,president ,delbe2 described in #ahie as a new variety4 ,fruit medium1 having the appearance of ,olivier de ,serres2 flesh extra fine1 juicy1 sugary1 delicious1 agreeably perfumed2 ,dec4 ,tree rather vigorous and very fertile1 forming beautiful pyramids4 ,cedarmere4 #a4 ,horticulturist #ah3bgi1 fig4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gaf4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed by ,william ,c4 ,bryant1 the poet1 at his country seat at ,roslyn1 ,n4 ,y41 about #ahfj4 ,fruit small1 globular-obovate1 sides unequal1 pale greenish-yellow1 with small russet dots and nettings2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 fine-grained1 aromatic2 very good2 ,aug4 ,cels ,butterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aac4 #ahef4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling1 #ahjd4 ,fruit medium1 long1 obtuse1 golden-yellow1 washed with reddish-brown2 ,sept4 ,century4 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gg4 #ahhc4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,stayman1 ,leavenworth1 ,kan41 before the ,missouri ,horticultural ,society in #ahhc stated that the ,century pear had stood over a hundred years at its home in ,pennsylvania1 had borne well and at that time showed no blight or disease4 ,he also said it appeared to be blight-proof at ,carthage1 ,mo4 ,cerise ,brune4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium1 regular in form1 greenish1 passing into yellow at maturity1 speckled with brown dots2 flesh white1 rather astringent1 with a savor at once sour and sweet2 ,july and ,aug4 ,cerise ,double4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 slightly swollen about the middle1 pale green changing to yellow on ripening1 lightly dotted with brown2 flesh white1 breaking1 with a slightly astringent flavor2 ,aug4 ,cerruttis ,durstlsche4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aid4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ha4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse2 yellow2 flesh breaking1 very juicy1 scented2 good for cooking2 ,sept4 ,certeau4 #a4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #djd4 #aijh4 ,baltet remarks of this pear that with it1 in common with ,catillac and certain other varieties1 the flesh becomes red when cooked4 ,baltet also points out that pears with a gray skin are generally good for kitchen use4 ,certeau d',automne4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #c3,no4 #aaa1 ,pl4 #aaa4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ff4 #ahie4 ,described in #affa by ,bonnefond1 in #afij by ,merlet and by ,la ,quintinye in #agcj1 but its place and time of origin are unknown4 ,fruit small to medium1 growing in clusters1 long-pyriform1 yellow1 washed with brilliant orange-red and dotted with gray2 flesh white1 not fine1 breaking1 juicy1 sugary1 having a perfume of the ,rousselet2 good for kitchen use2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,certeau d't4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eci1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,in the sixteenth century this variety was also called the pear of ,champagne1 coming as it did1 according to ,charles ,estienne1 from that district in #aedj4 ,its name may be referred to the ,latin word certo signifying constant or certain4 ,fruit above medium1 long1 variable1 sometimes rather like ,calebasse in form but more usually obtuse-conic1 bright yellow though a little greenish1 dotted all over with gray-brown and widely carmined on the side opposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine and melting2 juice sufficient2 saccharine1 seldom much perfumed but with a delicate flavor2 second2 ,aug4 ,certeau d',hiver4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3edj1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bdh4 #agfh4 ,certeau d',hiver1 like ,certeau d't1 originated1 ,charles ,estienne1 writing in #aedj1 tells us1 in the environs of ,vitry-le-,franais1 in the ,french champagne country4 ,fruit medium and sometimes less1 long-turbinate1 swelled and contracted at summit1 sometimes gourd-like in form1 bright yellowish-green1 dotted with fawn1 washed with brown-red on side touched by the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 semi-breaking1 gritty and somewhat astringent2 juice abundant1 sugary1 perfumed2 third2 ,dec4 to ,apr4 or ,may4 ,cesile4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #adj4 #ahda4 ,tree hardy1 productive2 fruit large1 globular1 flattened at the apex1 red-russeted2 flesh buttery2 very good2 ,oct4 ,chaigneau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3edb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #eg4 #ahie4 ,from a seed bed made in #ahdh by ,jacques ,jalais1 a nurseryman at ,nantes1 ,fr41 first published in #aheh4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 yellowish-green1 dotted with brownish-gray2 flesh white1 melting2 juice acidulous1 sugary1 refreshing1 aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 ,chair-a-,dame4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aef1 ,pl4 ,,xvi4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3edc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,le ,lectier possessed in his garden at ,orlans at the beginning of the seventeenth century two strains of the ,chair-a-,dame4 ,one he called ,chere-a-,dame tres-hastine1 and the other ,chere-a-,dame4 ,the first is very early in its ripening and the second much later4 ,fruit medium or less1 oblong-pyriform1 bossed1 fairly regular2 skin thin1 bright yellow-green1 very finely dotted with gray-russet and extensively carmined on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking or semi-melting1 watery1 gritty at center2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 vinous1 rarely very aromatic1 sometimes slightly acid2 second2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,chamness4 #a4 ,clingman ,cat4 #h4 #aiba4 ,originated with a ,mr4 ,chamness of ,timpson1 ,tex41 possibly as a cross between ,kieffer and ,bartlett1 and was introduced in #aiac4 ,fruit medium1 smooth1 yellow2 flesh melting1 juicy1 tender1 sweet2 ripens last of ,august4 ,champ ,riche d',italie4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bcb4 #agfh4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #abd4 #ahda4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3edd1 fig4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ede4 #ahhd4 ,probably of ,italian origin4 ,diel of ,stuttgart devoted many pages of his ,kernobstsorten to it in #ahje at which time he had received it from the neighborhood of ,paris1 though it had already been known for a long while at ,berlin4 ,fruit above medium and often large1 pyriform1 always rather swelled below the central circumference1 contracted at the summit which is often nearly acute1 greenish on the shady side1 yellow-ochre on the face exposed to the sun1 dotted all over with brown specks2 flesh whitish1 semi-melting or breaking1 rather fine1 free from grit1 juicy1 sweet and perfumed2 first rate for cooking and compotes but third for dessert4 ,champagner ,bratbirne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi1 #bef4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #h1 fig4 #aiac4 ,much valued in ,germany for making champagne and perry4 ,it was grown in ,baden1 ,wrttemberg1 and ,hesse in #agig4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 even in outline1 light green turning yellow without any blush1 speckled with brown-russet and finely dotted2 flesh white1 coarse1 nearly breaking2 first for perry2 autumn4 ,chancelier de ,hollande4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ca1 fig4 #dif4 #ahha4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium to large1 obovate-pyriform2 skin rather thick and firm1 becoming a little greasy1 bright green speckled with green-gray dots2 on ripening the original green becomes yellow and washed with red on the exposed side2 flesh whitish1 a little green under the skin1 rather coarse1 gritty at the center1 semi-melting2 juice plentiful1 rich in sugar1 acidulous1 slightly perfumed1 agreeable2 third2 ,nov4 ,chancellor4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3fe4 #ahec4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gag4 #ahfi4 ,said to have originated in ,germantown1 ,pa41 on the grounds of a ,mr4 ,chancellor4 ,at the ,second ,session of the ,american ,pomological ,congress in #ahec it was placed on the list of pears that promised well4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 sometimes blushed on the exposed side1 dotted2 flesh white1 juicy1 buttery1 melting1 sugary1 perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,chantry4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3abe4 #ahdc4 ,published in the ,london ,horticultural ,society's ,catalogue of ,fruits1 #ahdb4 ,fruit medium size1 globular1 brown and russet2 buttery2 second2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,chaploux4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3afi1 fig4 #hc4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3edg4 #ahfg4 ,distributed from nurseries at ,vilvorde-lez-,bruxelles1 ,bel41 in #ahei4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 acute1 the stem being perpendicular to and continuous with the fruit2 color dark green1 touched with brown russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 veined with green1 fine1 buttery1 very sugary2 first quality for cider and for drying2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,chapman4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3hd4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gag4 #ahij4 ,originated in ,philadelphia or its vicinity4 ,shown at the exhibition of the ,pennsylvania ,horticultural ,society held at ,philadelphia1 ,september1 #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 yellow1 with brown and green dots2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 astringent2 ,sept4 ,chaptal4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3edg4 #ahfg4 ,raised in ,paris by ,michel-,christophe ,hervy1 about #ahjj4 ,fruit very large1 oblong1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 yellow-ochre1 dotted with greenish-brown1 marbled with fawn1 washed with dark red on the side facing the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 gritty at the center2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 acidulous2 second4 ,charles ,bivort4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3edi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3aea1 fig4 #dfj4 #ahhj4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons fruited prior to #ahdb4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate-obtuse2 bright green changing to orange-yellow at maturity1 marbled and dotted with bright brown1 and clouded with olive-russet on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 gritty at core2 juice rather wanting1 sugary1 vinous2 second2 ,oct4 ,charles ,cogne4 #a4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #cfg4 #aijd4 #b4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cde1 fig4 #bdg4 #aijh4 ,raised at ,troyes1 ,fr4 ,fruit large or rather large1 obtuse-pyriform2 skin pinkish-yellow1 lightly dotted with brown2 flesh slightly granulous1 sweet1 perfumed1 juicy1 with a very agreeable flavor2 first2 ,feb4 and longer4 ,charles ,ernest4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bib4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cbh1 fig4 #bbd4 #aijh4 #c4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #afc4 #aibj4 ,obtained by ,charles and ,ernest ,baltet1 nurserymen of ,troyes1 ,fr41 and placed in commerce in #ahgi4 ,fruit large1 shortened pyriform1 obtuse1 golden-yellow1 encrimsoned on the side next the sun1 dotted with gray on the bright side and with green on the shaded2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 rich1 perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,charles ,frederickx4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3a1 fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eej1 fig4 #a4 #ahfg4 ,in #ahdj or #ahda this pear was raised in the ,van ,mons nursery at ,louvain1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate-pyriform1 slightly obtuse and bossed1 golden-yellow1 dotted and veined with fawn1 shaded and mottled with red in the sun2 flesh white1 buttery1 sweet1 melting1 juice sufficient1 sugary1 very savory and musky2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,charles de ,guelin4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #ce3gi4 #aijd4 ,described in the ,bulletins d',arboriculture1 ,january1 #aijd4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 smoky-brown2 flesh yellowish-white1 melting1 perfumed and juicy2 good2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,charles ,smet4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dhj4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eea1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit large1 globular1 greenish-yellow1 fine1 dark green spots1 stained with blackish-brown around the stalk2 flesh white1 coarse1 breaking1 gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 with not much flavor2 second2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,charles van ,hooghten4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3dgb4 #ahea4 #b4 ,horticulturist #h3cj1 fig4 #ahec4 ,fruit large1 even1 roundish-oval1 yellow1 netted and patched with russet and with many russet dots2 stem slender1 fleshy at insertion2 calyx open2 basin shallow2 flesh white1 coarse-grained1 gritty1 not very juicy1 sweet1 rich1 with a musky perfume2 good2 ,oct4 ,charles ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3bie4 #ahej4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bch4 #ahed4 #c4 ,hogg ,fr4 ,man4 #edf4 #ahhd4 ,belgian1 about #ahdg4 ,at the second session of the ,congress of ,fruit ,growers in #ahej this pear was placed on the rejected list1 as also it was again by the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahed4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate-obtuse1 smooth1 bright green1 strewed with some minute dots2 flesh yellowish1 rather coarse-grained1 with a cold acidity and not much flavor2 of small merit2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,charli ,basiner4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edf4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi4 #ahie4 ,a production of ,j4 de ,jonghe of ,brussels1 ,bel41 about #aheg4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 pale green1 dotted and clouded with brown-russet changing as it ripens to yellowish-green2 flesh white1 juicy and sugary2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,charlotte de ,brouwer4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3cc4 #ahee4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #ajg1 fig4 #eb4 #ahff-gc4 ,one of ,major ,espren's seedlings raised at ,mechlin1 ,bel41 and reported on in #ahce4 ,fruit medium and above1 globular-ovate1 yellow ground of skin almost entirely covered with a coating of light brown-russet except on the shaded side2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 semi-melting2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 vinous1 acid and very astringent2 second2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,charlotte de ,roucourt4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aid4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi4 #ahie4 ,distributed by ,daras de ,naghin of ,antwerp1 ,bel41 about #ahhj4 ,fruit medium1 obovate or obtuse-pyriform2 flesh melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 perfumed2 ,mar4 and ,apr4 ,charnock4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edg4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aid4 #ahhi4 ,a ,scotch dessert pear4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 greenish-yellow in the shade and dark1 dull red on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 semi-buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 ,sept4 ,chat ,brul4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bdg4 #agfh4 #b4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #c3 #ahjg4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eee1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,duhamel du ,monceau writing in #agfh mentions two varieties bearing the name ,chat ,brul or ,burnt ,cat4 ,of these the second is the ,chat ,brul described under that name by ,leroy1 ripening in ,november and the first is the ,dutch variety ,kamper ,venus1 ripening late in the winter4 ,each of these has been known also as ,kamper ,venus4 ,fruit medium1 globular-pyriform1 smooth1 shining1 pale yellow where shaded1 and washed with red where exposed to the sun2 flesh very white1 rather coarse1 breaking2 juice rather wanting1 rarely very sweet1 generally without perfume2 good only for cooking2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,chattanooga4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahff4 ,originated at ,brookline1 ,mass41 by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff2 fruited first in #ahfc4 ,fruit medium to large1 truncate1 dark green2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,chaudfontaine4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ei1 fig4 #eaj4 #ahha4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ha4 #ahie4 ,disseminated by ,m4 ,galopin1 a nurseryman at ,liege1 ,bel41 in #ahfe4 ,fruit large or rather large1 pyriform1 a little swelled1 water-green almost entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet1 changing to pale yellow on maturity and the russet to golden on the side to the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-breaking1 full of juice1 sweet and musky2 good for household use2 ,oct4 ,chaumontel4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gah4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #afc4 #aibj4 ,besi de ,chaumontel4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aii1 ,pl4 ,,xl4 #agfh4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bff1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,merlet writing in his ,l',abrg des bon fruits of #afge said that the ,chaumontel pear originated from a wilding growing at ,chaumontel1 ,fr4 ,in #agfe ,duhamel du ,monceau saw the parent tree1 at that time more than a century old1 bearing a fine crop4 ,fruit large2 form variable1 but always long1 obtuse1 bossed1 pyriform1 yellow or yellowish-green in the shade1 dotted with numerous brownish-red spots and brownish-red or deep rich red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 buttery1 rich and sugary2 juice abundant1 vinous1 highly perfumed2 a high class dessert pear4 ,chaumontel ,gras4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dfh1 fig4 #ahhh4 ,in #ahde seed of the ,chaumontel was sown from which was obtained in #ahei fruit whose seed was in turn sown4 ,a seedling grown from this latter seed bore fruit1 which was reported about #ahge as follows3 ,fruit large or very large1 obtuse-pyriform1 swelled1 bossed1 bright yellow1 very much covered with fine dots and gray marblings and on the sun-touched side often tinted with carmine or brick-red more or less intense2 flesh white or yellowish1 semi-fine1 crisp1 very melting1 juicy1 rich1 sugary1 perfumed2 spring4 ,chaumontel ,swan ,egg4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #e3cjd4 #ahci4 ,raised by ,john ,williams1 ,pitmaston1 ,eng41 from seed of ,chaumontel impregnated with the pollen of ,swan ,egg4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 russet2 flesh rich and sugary2 ,oct4 ,chaumontelle d't4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #abjg4 #ahgc4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ij4 #ahgf4 ,presumably a ,french pear1 having been received in ,england from ,orlans in the autumn of #ahga4 ,fruit large or very large2 flesh semi-melting or juicy1 sugary and of a distinct perfumed flavor4 ,chelmsford4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #f3ah4 #ahdj4 #b4 ,ibid4 #g3afi4 #ahda4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gai4 #ahfi4 ,originated on the farm of ,zaccheus ,wright1 ,chelmsford1 ,mass41 early in the nineteenth century4 ,it has been known also under the names ,tyngsboro and ,mogul ,summer4 ,fruit of the largest size1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 yellow1 red cheek2 flesh coarse1 sweet2 good for cooking2 ,sept4 ,cher ,dames 7,knoop74 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3aje1 #ace1 ,pl4 ,v4 #agga4 ,this pear although illustrated by ,knoop under the name ,chair ,dame is not identical with the variety described under that name in this work or by ,leroy4 ,fruit medium1 somewhat oblong1 diminishing toward the stalk and becoming acute1 globular in lower half1 flattened around the calyx which is not deeply sunken2 when ripe the skin is uniformly yellow and blushed on the side of the sun with a beautiful red2 flesh soft1 rather gritty1 succulent and of a very agreeable flavor2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,cherroise4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eeg1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3afi1 fig4 #dfi4 #ahhj4 ,this wilding was found in a wood in the ,commune of ,cherr1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr41 and was first propagated about #ahdh4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-obtuse1 mammillate2 skin rough to the touch1 yellow-ochre1 with patches of fawn-colored russet1 washed when ripe with a blush of vermilion red on the side of the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 breaking2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 rather savory2 second2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,chesill4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,mentioned by ,john ,parkinson in #afbi as a delicate mellow pear1 even melting as it were in the mouth of the eater1 although greenish on the outside4 ,chilton4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised and fruited by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 and exhibited to the ,fruit ,committee of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahff4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 brown-russet2 flesh sweet1 juicy and buttery1 with high flavor2 described by the promoter as very fine2 ,oct4 ,china4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ajie4 #ahfg4 ,of ,chinese origin4 ,reported in #ahfg to be full of promise in ,queenstown1 ,australia1 and to have been growing in the neighboring ,british ,colony of ,new ,south ,wales for many years4 ,fruit large1 many weighing #af or #ag ounces2 shape variable1 breadth being sometimes as great as the length1 warm yellow ground dotted all over with russet2 flesh crisp1 juicy1 sweet1 the skin having something of a musky pineapple flavor2 a handsome1 fragrant fruit2 first for cooking2 a good keeper2 summer4 ,chio4 #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #c3 #ahjg4 ,commonly called1 according to ,miller1 the ,little ,bastard ,musk ,pear to distinguish it from the ,little ,musk ,pear4 ,fruit small1 roundish1 yellow when ripe1 with a few streaks of red on the side next the sun2 juice musky2 good2 ,july4 ,choak-pear4 #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #c3 #ahjg4 ,the fruit of this pear is so acrid that it produces a choking sensation4 ,its flesh is red and it is rarely cultivated4 ,choisnard4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eei1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hj4 #ahie4 ,found growing wild in the environs of ,ormes-,sur-,vienne1 ,fr41 about #ahaj4 ,fruit above to medium1 pyramidal-obtuse1 rather wrinkled1 dark yellow1 dotted with fawn1 large gray marblings which pass to dark brown on the exposed side2 flesh yellowish1 semi-melting1 semi-fine1 gritty at core2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 tartish1 savory1 with a delicate1 musky flavor2 first2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,cholwell4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3dea4 #ahdg4 ,an ,english variety first described by the ,london ,horticultural ,society in #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 curved pyramidal2 skin smooth1 thin1 yellowish-green in the shade and partly tinged and obscurely streaked with dull red next the sun where it is also speckled with pale dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 melting1 buttery1 very sugary and rich1 musky2 ,oct4 ,christmas4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book4 #cga4 #ahei4 ,originated in ,cincinnati1 ,o41 and described as new in #ahei4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-rounded1 rough1 bronzed1 russety2 flesh a little gritty1 juicy1 sweet2 very good2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,christmas ,beurr4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aeh4 #ahgd4 ,a seedling of the ,white ,doyenn shown in the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society's rooms in #ahgd4 ,fruit full medium size1 ovate-pyriform1 dull green1 with thin russet towards the stem and sometimes sprinkled with red next the sun2 flesh rather gritty at core1 juicy and rich2 very good to best2 ,dec4 ,church4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bc3aab1 fig4 #e4 #aheg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ai4 #ahfi4 ,vanilla4 #c4 ,watson ,am4 ,home ,gard4 #cgf1 fig4 #bce4 #ahfj4 ,reported by ,downing to have originated on land belonging to ,trinity ,church at ,new ,rochelle1 ,n4 ,y41 hence its name2 but ,dr4 ,brinckl1 in the second reference1 says that it was believed to be a seedling raised by an old ,huguenot settler1 and that the original tree still existed on the premises of ,l4 ,p4 ,miller1 and was presumed to be nearly #ajj years old4 ,in #ahei ,dr4 ,brinckl and ,prince and ,ferris expressed the opinion that it was identical with ,platt's ,bergamot and ,mr4 ,colt thought the ,clark pear of ,hartford was also the same4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 irregular1 green becoming yellow at maturity1 with minute dots2 flesh fine1 very buttery1 melting1 with a very rich1 sweet and highly perfumed flavor2 first2 ,sept4 ,chypre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3efa1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ega4 #ahhd4 ,duhamel in #agfh1 ,poiteau in #ahdh and ,dr4 ,hogg in #ahhd make this pear synonymous with ,early ,rousselet4 ,leroy regards it as a separate variety4 ,it is an ancient pear of uncertain origin4 ,it was described by ,merlet in #afge and was cultivated even earlier by ,le ,lectier in his garden at ,orlans4 ,probably it originated at the beginning of the seventeenth century1 but whether it took its name from the ,island of ,cyprus or the cypress tree seems uncertain4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 bright grayish-green1 stained with brownish-red on the side of the sun2 flesh dense1 rather coarse1 semi-breaking2 juice abundant1 vinous1 sugary1 with a perfume recalling cinnamon2 first as an early pear2 ,july and ,aug4 ,cincincis4 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ab4 #ahgd-e4 #b4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dea1 #dgi1 figs4 #adi1 #aed4 #aiac4 ,this oriental pear1 possibly of ,french origin1 was received from ,new ,york by ,s4 ,f4 ,smith1 ,marietta1 ,o41 in #ahed4 ,it is the parent of numerous seedlings fruited by ,mr4 ,smith4 ,fruit medium to small1 oval1 fairly regular1 light greenish-russet1 with numerous brown dots2 skin slightly rough2 flesh yellowish-white1 juicy1 breaking1 crisp2 devoid of flavor1 poor2 ,oct4 ,cincincis ,seedling4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dgi4 #aiac4 ,introduced by ,william ,parry and very closely resembles1 if it is not identical with1 ,cincincis4 ,fruit medium to large1 oblong1 largest at stem end1 tapering to blossom end1 smooth1 creamy-yellow2 flesh tender1 crisp1 juicy1 lacking quality4 ,cincinnatus4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dgi4 #aiac4 ,an oriental seedling produced by ,s4 ,f4 ,smith from seed of ,cincincis4 ,folette ,smith1 son of the originator1 says1 ,the tree is vigorous1 hardy1 productive2 fruit resembles ,cincincis in color and shape but is quite distinct in quality2 juicy1 subacid1 rich2 flesh gritty4 ,cinquantime ,anniversaire4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi4 #ahie4 ,raised by ,m4 ,grgoire of ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 who considered it one of his best gains4 ,fruit small to large2 ,nov4 ,cire4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3efc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh4 #ahgf4 ,wachsbirne4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahg4 #ahef4 ,one of ,major ,espren's gains at ,mechlin1 ,bel41 about #ahdj4 ,fruit large1 long-conic1 obtuse1 much swelled around the calyx2 skin waxy yellow1 bright1 rather thick1 slightly tinged with rose on the side of the sun and some small stains of dark maroon2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 extremely granular about the center2 juice sufficient but wanting in perfume and in sweetness2 third2 ,feb4 ,cit ,gomand4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gd4 #ahie4 ,a gain of ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,brabant4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-ovate1 yellow with dots2 flesh melting1 juicy2 good2 ,oct4 ,citrina4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahff4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbj4 #ahfi4 ,one of ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff's seedlings4 ,first fruited in #ahfb4 ,fruit medium1 short-pyriform1 bright yellow1 lumpy and nodular2 flesh nearly white1 coarse1 gritty at core1 of a pleasant1 peculiar flavor2 ,sept4 ,citron4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #d3bca4 #ahch4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbj4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of the late ,governor ,edwards4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 greenish1 shaded with dull crimson2 flesh greenish1 rather coarse1 juicy1 melting1 sugary1 vinous1 musky2 good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,citron d',hyver4 #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #c3 #ahjg4 ,fruit medium to large1 in shape and color very like an orange or citron2 flesh hard and dry1 gritty2 good baking pear2 ,dec4 to ,mar4 ,citron de ,saint ,paul4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eff4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3bi1 fig4 #bjg4 #ahgi4 ,from a seed bed of ,m4 de la ,farge in the ,commune of ,salers1 ,cantal1 ,fr4 ,it was first published in #ahef4 ,fruit below medium1 ovate1 obtuse and bossed1 golden-yellow1 dotted all over with bright green2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 rather gritty2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 sweet and deliciously perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,citron de ,sierentz4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3ajc1 #ace1 ,pl4 ,v4 #agga4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3aja1 fig4 #dce4 #ahhj4 ,the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers received some grafts of this variety in #ahcf with the information that it originated in the small village of ,sierentz1 near ,mulhausen1 ,alsace4 ,knoop1 however1 describing it in #agga under the name of ,citron de ,sirne gives it various ,flemish synonyms4 ,fruit small to medium1 turbinate or globular-ovate and slightly pyriform1 bright yellow or greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet and some brownish-fawn markings passing often to olive-brown and slightly vermilion on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 coarse1 breaking1 juicy1 sugary1 acid1 savory2 second2 ,july and ,aug4 ,citronne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3efh1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ga1 #bde4 #ahie4 ,this is practically identical with the pear found by ,diel and described by him in #ahjf under the name ,rothbackige ,citronatbirne4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 bossed at summit1 lemon-yellow1 dotted with russet and washed on the sun-exposed side with delicate rose2 flesh white1 fine1 dense1 very melting1 gritty about the core2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 slightly acid1 aromatic1 savory1 leaving a slight flavor of musk2 first2 ,sept4 ,clap4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbj4 #ahfi4 ,originated by ,captain ,william ,clap of ,massachusetts4 ,fruit below medium1 acute-pyriform1 yellowish-green1 with brownish blush in the sun2 flesh whitish1 buttery1 juicy1 aromatic2 ,aug4 ,clara4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3eh4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,ibid4 #af3bie4 #ahej4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbj4 #ahfi4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling placed on the list of ,rejected ,fruits at the second session of the ,congress of ,fruit ,growers at ,new ,york in #ahej4 ,fruit medium1 long1 light green1 with some russet spots and patches2 flesh white1 juicy1 good1 rather too acid2 ,oct4 ,clara ,durieux4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3adi1 fig4 #ge4 #ahgb4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh4 #ahgf4 ,a seedling of ,von ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 bright green1 with dots of darker green1 becoming golden-yellow on maturity1 washed with red on the sun-kissed side2 flesh whitish1 rather fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous1 perfumed2 ,oct4 ,claretenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aie4 #ahef4 ,northern ,germany1 first reported in #aggc4 ,fruit large1 roundish-turbinate1 often unequal sides1 bossed1 yellow1 somewhat blushed2 flesh granular1 sweet and astringent2 good2 ,sept4 ,clark4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3eah4 #ahec4 #b4 ,ibid4 #bd3abf4 #aheh4 ,origin uncertain2 cultivated in ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,the pear bears a good deal of resemblance in form1 texture1 flavor and seed to the ,autumn ,bergamot of ,col4 ,carr4 ,fruit above medium1 short-pyriform or turbinate1 as broad as it is high2 flesh rather coarse1 very tender1 melting1 juicy1 with a refreshing and agreeable flavor2 desirable2 ,oct4 ,clarksville4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #acd4 #aibj4 ,original tree about #ij years old4 ,introduced by ,sunny ,slope ,nursery1 ,hannibal1 ,mo4 ,claude ,blanchet4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ed4 #ahie4 #b4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #dje4 #aijh4 ,a gain of ,claude ,blanchet1 ,vienne1 ,fr41 and listed in the ,journal de la ,societe ,nationale et ,centrale d',horticulture de ,france in #ahhc4 ,fruit small or medium2 ovate-obtuse and rather swelled1 green washed with yellow2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 juicy1 sugary and acidulous2 good2 ,aug4 ,claude ,mollet4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ij4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 oval-shortened2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,clay4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #e4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aa3dcg4 #ahde4 #c4 ,downing4 ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gba4 #ahfi4 ,one of ,governor ,edwards' seedlings1 exhibited before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahdc4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-oblate1 sometimes pyriform1 waxen-yellow1 blushed with crimson and sprinkled with brown or crimson dots2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 granular1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 ,oct4 ,clmence de ,lavours4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3ga1 fig4 #db4 #ahff-gc4 ,a wilding found in the ,commune of ,lavours1 ,department ,ain1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 lemon-yellow2 flesh melting1 perfumed2 first2 winter4 ,clmence van ,rumbeck4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fb4 #ahie4 ,presumably ,dutch4 ,fruit medium or large1 nearly round1 maroon-russet on yellow2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 melting2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,clment ,bivort4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3efi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained by ,alexandre ,bivort1 director of the nurseries of the ,society ,van ,mons at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 in the gardens of the ,company1 and first placed on the market in #aheh4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 orange-yellow1 sprinkled with some gray dots1 clouded with fawn especially on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous and sourish1 with a strong1 agreeable perfume of anis2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,clementine4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3acf4 #ahef4 #b4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ajch1 fig4 #ahei4 ,seedling of ,van ,mons1 #ahcc4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 golden-yellow1 with dots of reddish-brown1 slightly reddened on side next the sun2 flesh white1 moderately fine-grained1 melting2 juice abundant and perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,clinton4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3fj4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ag3bfc4 #ahea4 ,seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit large1 light yellow2 flesh soft1 buttery and good but not high flavored2 ,nov4 ,cloche de ,wittenberg4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ij4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 turbinate-obovate1 dark lemon-yellow1 lightly washed with red2 flesh breaking2 for kitchen use2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,coit ,beurr4 #a4 ,horticulturist #ai3aaj1 figs4 #a1 #b4 #ahfd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,colonel ,coit1 near ,cleveland1 ,o4 ,fruit medium1 obovate inclining to pyriform1 yellow1 deeply covered with russet1 covered with dots which become crimson on exposed side1 cheek often crimson2 flesh buttery1 juicy1 spicy1 melting1 rich1 vinous2 very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,cole4 #a4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bci4 #aijc4 ,originated at ,detroit1 ,kan41 and variously known as ,cole's ,seedless1 ,cole's ,pear1 ,cole's ,coreless and ,cole's ,seedless and ,coreless4 ,fruit medium1 globular approaching acute-pyriform2 color lemon-yellow1 thickly sprinkled with minute russet dots2 stem medium long1 stout1 inserted in a very small cavity2 calyx small1 open1 in a small1 shallow basin2 flesh white1 a little granular1 moderately juicy1 sweet1 pleasant aroma2 good4 ,often sold as seedless but frequently shows seeds4 ,cole ,winter4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #cg4 #ahie4 ,received from ,horticultural ,gardens1 ,victoria1 ,australia1 by ,t4 ,j4 ,garden1 ,gardenia1 ,va4 ,fruit medium1 short1 pyriform1 having a well-defined suture-like groove running from stem to calyx2 color yellow1 russeted2 stem medium1 in a small cavity2 calyx large1 open2 flesh white1 tender1 melting1 juicy1 sprightly2 very good2 autumn4 ,collins4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3bee1 fig4 #bfa4 #ahea4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ah3adi4 #aheb4 ,raised from seed of the ,white ,doyenn on the farm of a ,mr4 ,collins in ,watertown1 ,mass41 and introduced in #ahdh4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 rather flattened1 when ripe greenish-yellow1 with a fine blush in the sun and speckled with russet dots2 flesh white1 fine1 brisk1 melting1 juicy1 vinous1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,colmar4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bbb1 ,pl4 ,l4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3egb1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a highly esteemed pear of ancient and probably ,belgian origin4 ,merlet mentions it in #afij and ,la ,quintinye in #agcj4 ,fruit above medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 smooth1 pale green changing to yellow-ochre on ripening and sometimes washed with pale red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 semi-melting1 watery1 tender1 with a rich1 sugary flavor2 juice very abundant1 acidulous1 and deliciously perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 to ,mar4 ,colmar d',alost #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3egd1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from a seed bed made in #ahdj by ,m4 ,hellinckx1 a nurseryman at ,alost1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 oblong1 very obtuse1 enlarged on one side1 bright green in the shade1 yellowish-green on the side exposed to the sun1 dotted with brown specks and covered with patches of fawn2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 gritty at the center1 sweet1 vinous1 acidulous1 savory3 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,colmar d',arenberg4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3c1 fig4 #ahee4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ege1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,attributed to ,van ,mons and thought to have originated in #ahba4 ,fruit very large2 form rather variable1 obovate1 uneven and bossed in outline1 yellow-ochre on the shaded side and russeted on the exposed face2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-melting1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly aromatic2 a handsome but coarse pear2 ,oct4 ,colmar ,artoisenet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3egg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,found by ,simon ,bouvier in the garden of ,m4 ,artoisenet at ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium to above1 turbinate-obtuse1 greenish-yellow1 dotted and marbled with gray-russet on the shady side and entirely stained with fawn on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 semi-melting2 juice rather wanting1 little sugar1 delicate2 second2 ,nov4 ,colmar d',automne ,nouveau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3egh1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3de1 fig4 #ejc4 #ahha4 ,originated in the garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers2 first reported in #ahea4 ,fruit above medium1 conic-obtuse but sometimes almost cylindrical1 russet-gray1 lightly and uniformly clouded with orange-yellow2 flesh white1 fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sugary and strongly aromatic1 occasionally a little acid2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,colmar ,bretagne4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edi4 #ahhd4 ,growing in the gardens of the ,caledonian ,horticultural ,society in ,edinburgh1 ,scot41 before #ahhd4 ,fruit medium pyramidal1 swollen on one side2 skin smooth1 deep1 clear yellow1 tinged with green on the shaded side and bright vermilion on the side of the sun1 covered all over with small1 russety dots2 flesh sweet1 crisp1 juicy and agreeably flavored2 dessert fruit2 ,oct4 ,colmar ,charni4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3dc1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3egi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #edi4 #ahhd4 ,in #ahed this ancient pear was introduced into the gardens of the ,society of ,van ,mons at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 oval1 dull yellow1 dotted1 veined and stained with fawn1 with a vermilion blush on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 very fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous1 having a delicious aroma2 first2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,colmar ,daras4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ij4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ej4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,daras de ,naghin of ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 long and pyramidal1 brilliant lemon-yellow1 mottled with fawn2 flesh very melting and juicy1 very sugary2 first2 winter4 ,colmar ,delahaut4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3ba1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eha1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 curved-pyriform1 rather variable1 greenish-yellow in the shade1 brownish-yellow on the side of the sun1 dots and patches of pale brown-russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 wanting in juice1 sugary1 vinous1 aromatic2 second2 ,jan4 ,colmar ,demeester4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ehb1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eej4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling raised by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 somewhat obovate1 even and regular in outline1 greenish-yellow1 rather heavily dotted and with some small patches of brown-russet2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 semi-melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 with an agreeable if often a rather cloying flavor2 a second class dessert pear2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,colmar ,dewez4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aib4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #e3cie4 #ahci4 ,originated near ,brussels1 ,bel41 about #ahbe1 and in #ahci was shown by ,r4 ,manning at the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,flesh white1 tender and very melting2 juice abundant1 mild1 with an agreeable aroma4 ,colmar pine4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #ii1 fig4 #adf4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbe4 #ahfi4 ,beurr pine4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cei1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,origin uncertain1 possibly one of ,van ,mons' seedlings1 distributed by ,m4 ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit above medium1 long-obtuse-pyriform1 ventriculated in its lower part1 symmetrical1 pale green changing at maturity to lemon-yellow1 mottled with fawn-russet and strongly washed with brownish-russet on the side opposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting1 gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 vinous and saccharine1 with an acidulous flavor2 second2 ,nov4 ,colmar d't4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #hge1 #iac4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ehc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,attributed to ,van ,mons about #ahbe4 ,fruit small1 obovate or globular-obovate1 smooth1 shining1 greenish-yellow becoming quite yellow when ripe1 sprinkled with brown dots1 having in some seasons and places a cheek red and almost transparent2 flesh yellowish1 very melting2 juice excessively abundant1 of honey sweetness1 rich flavor1 acidulous1 pleasantly aromatic2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,colmar ,flotow4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3fe1 fig4 #dag4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gi1 #bdf4 #ahie4 ,named by ,oberdieck1 who received it unnamed from ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic1 green1 with numerous very small1 brown dots changing to dull lemon-yellow on maturity2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 buttery2 juice plentiful1 sweet and delicately perfumed2 good2 winter4 ,colmar-,hirondelles4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aea1 fig4 #gf4 #ahgb4 ,a product of the ,van ,mons seed beds1 catalogued in #ahbc4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform and somewhat swelled around the middle1 green1 speckled with brown dots1 changing to bright lemon-yellow on ripening1 the exposed side being blushed with a beautiful red2 flesh yellow1 semi-fine1 semi-melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinous and slightly perfumed2 second4 ,colmar de ,jonghe4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbd4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gb4 #ahie4 ,j4 de ,jonghe of ,belgium originated this variety and said of it1 ,tree hardy1 robust1 vigorous and productive1 rather upright2 young wood nut brown1 with a few gray specks4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 bright yellowish-green1 washed with brown2 flesh yellowish1 very fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,colmar de ,mars4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ehf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3aci1 fig4 #bfb4 #ahgi4 ,grown from seed by ,m4 ,nerad1 ,jr41 nurseryman at ,lyons1 ,fr41 in #ahec4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 golden-yellow1 dotted1 veined and slightly rayed with russet2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 firm though melting1 scented2 juice abundant1 refreshing1 sugary1 savory and having a slight taste of musk2 first2 ,may4 ,colmar du ,mortier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 bright lemon-yellow2 flesh salmon1 very fine1 very melting1 very sugary2 first2 ,feb4 ,colmar ,navez4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ehf1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eea4 #ahhd4 ,raised from seed by ,m4 ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,the first fruits were yielded in #ahcg4 ,fruit large1 globular-obovate1 yellowish-green1 slightly dotted with gray1 clouded with brown-russet1 and often washed with brick-red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 rather fine1 semi-melting2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 acidulous1 savory1 having an aroma suggestive of musk and anis2 first2 ,oct4 ,colmar ,neill4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hba4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eea4 #ahhd4 ,from a seed bed made by ,van ,mons in #ahae4 ,fruit very large1 obovate1 smooth1 glossy1 pale yellow1 sprinkled all over with russety dots and stained with some markings of cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh white1 buttery1 sweet1 juicy1 vinous and of a musky flavor2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,colmar ,sirand4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3agh1 fig4 #egj4 #ahha4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #fc4 #ahie4 ,from a seed bed of ,winter ,nelis made in #ahef by ,m4 ,pariset1 ,curciat-,dongalon1 ,department ,ain1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 globular-pyriform2 skin thin and tender1 pale green1 with brown dots1 yellow when ripe2 flesh slightly yellow1 fine1 melting1 having a decided scent of musk and rose2 first2 ,dec4 ,colmar ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aib4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eea4 #ahhd4 ,colmar des ,invalides4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ehd1 fig4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbe4 #ahij4 ,raised at ,enghien1 ,bel41 in #ahjh by ,m4 ,duquesne1 a friend of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 irregular2 skin thick1 dark green changing to yellow-green and washed with red on the side of the sun2 flesh yellowish1 buttery and melting1 gritty about the core2 juice watery2 a cooking pear2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,colmart4 #a4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bjj4 #ahag4 #b4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3hc4 #aijh4 ,an old variety resembling ,bon-,chrtien d',hiver4 ,fruit large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform2 stalk planted in a deep hollow1 bossed2 skin smooth1 green1 dotted with brown spots1 inclines to yellow on maturity2 flesh yellowish1 very fine1 buttery and melting2 juice very sweet and sprightly2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,coloma ,carmeliterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr ,obstkunde #b3ab4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aig4 #ahhi4 ,one of ,count ,coloma's ,belgian seedlings1 #ahbh4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 covered all over with dark brown-russet1 with a dark blush when ripe2 good for transportation2 ,dec4 ,colorado ,seedless4 #a4 ,stark ,bros4 ,cat4 #cj4 #aiac4 ,originated near ,paonia1 ,col4 ,tree vigorous1 healthy1 hardy1 productive2 fruit large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform2 skin smooth1 dull greenish-yellow1 with green and russet dots and a distinct reddish blush2 core small2 seeds few1 usually abortive2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather fine-grained1 tender1 melting1 juicy1 aromatic2 good2 ,oct4 ,colore de ,juillet4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3dc1 fig4 #bj4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ehi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 about #aheg4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 regular2 skin oily1 bright yellow1 dotted with gray and dark red1 vermilion on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine and semi-breaking2 juice never abundant1 sweetish1 wanting in sugar and perfume2 second2 ,july4 ,columbia4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbe4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eeb4 #ahhd4 ,the original tree grew on the farm of a ,mr4 ,casser1 ,westchester ,county1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate1 smooth1 fine1 pale green or golden-yellow when ripe1 with sometimes a soft orange tinge on its cheek and dotted with small1 gray dots2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 sweet1 perfumed2 hardly good2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,commandant ,belaieff4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dfc4 #aijf4 ,placed on the market as a new pear by ,m4 ,bruant1 ,poitiers1 ,fr41 in #aijf4 ,fruit large1 wrinkled and reddened all over2 flesh rather fine1 juicy1 very sugary1 strongly scented2 first2 end of ,dec4 ,commissaire ,delmotte4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3ae1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eia1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,gained by ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel42 ripened first in #aheb or '#ec4 ,fruit medium and above1 globular-turbinate-obtuse1 slightly bossed2 skin wrinkled1 lemon-yellow1 dotted and veined with fawn1 shaded with gray-russet and with numerous very small1 blackish-gray stains2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 gritty at core2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acid1 with a delicate scent2 second2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,commodore4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3fj4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #egj4 #aheg4 ,van ,mons seedling ,no4 #abah4 ,fruit medium1 very regular1 obovate1 round and full at the crown1 yellow1 with patches of red and russet2 flesh buttery1 melting1 rich1 sweet and good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,compotbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afd4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aih4 #ahhi4 ,of ,french origin1 attributed to #afge4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 pale yellow1 entirely covered with fine1 cinnamon-colored russet1 becoming a dark golden green on ripening2 good2 ,feb4 ,compote d't4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ajg1 fig4 #cdb4 #ahhj4 ,mas states he received this variety in ,france from ,t4 ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth1 ,eng4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 bright green1 speckled with brown dots1 turning to pale yellow on ripening2 flesh white1 rather fine1 semi-buttery2 juice scarcely sufficient but sugary1 a little acid1 slightly perfumed4 ,comprette4 #a4 ,horticulturist #b3agd4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbf4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eeb4 #ahhd4 ,a ,flemish seedling4 ,it was exhibited by ,m4 ,p4 ,wilder1 ,president of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society at the ,society's meeting in #ahdd4 ,fruit small1 obtuse-pyriform1 smooth1 greenish-yellow1 becoming lemon-yellow1 strewed with patches and dots of russet2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 not of high merit2 ,nov4 ,comstock4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cic4 #ahei4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbg4 #ahfi4 ,an ,american variety which originated in ,dutchess ,county1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 smooth and glossy1 bright yellow1 with crimson cheek2 flesh white1 crisp and when well ripened has a sweet and sprightly flavor2 a coarse1 cooking pear2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,comte ,canal de ,malabaila4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3aci1 fig4 #ceh4 #ahhj4 ,origin uncertain1 but probably ,german4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-ovate or nearly conic1 bright green1 with brown dots1 changing to lemon-yellow and rather golden on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 sufficient sweet juice1 agreeable2 first2 through the winter4 ,comte de ,chambord4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bae1 fig4 #aijf4 ,found at ,nantes1 ,fr41 towards the end of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 enlarged at the summit1 narrowed at base1 yellow2 flesh white1 very fine1 very melting and juicy1 sugary and perfumed2 very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,comte d',egmont4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eeb4 #ahhd4 ,fruit small1 obovate or turbinate1 lemon-yellow1 entirely covered with dots of a fine reddish-brown russet1 which in some parts are so dense as to form an irregular patch particularly around the calyx2 flesh yellow1 melting1 rather gritty1 very rich1 sugary1 delicious2 first2 ,nov4 ,comte de ,flandres4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eib1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbg4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eeb4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons though it did not bear fruit till #ahdc4 ,fruit very large1 obtuse-pyriform1 mammillate at each end1 rough to the touch1 yellowish-green1 heavily covered with cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 extremely melting1 juicy1 perfumed1 sugary1 quite devoid of seeds2 of the highest merit2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,comte de ,lambertye4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #edb4 #ahid4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi4 #ahie4 ,from seed of the ,beurr ,superfin sown by ,m4 ,tourasse2 exhibited at ,paris and ,lyons in #ahid1 and obtained from the ,pomological ,congress of ,lyons a first class certificate4 ,fruit globular-turbinate1 blonde or light colored1 dusted over with golden russet2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sprightly2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,comte ,lelieur4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #dg4 #ahie4 #b4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cje1 fig4 #ahi4 #aijh4 ,gained by ,ernest ,baltet1 nurseryman at ,troyes1 ,fr41 in #ahfe4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-oval1 yellow1 dotted with fawn and washed with carmine2 flesh fine1 very juicy1 sugary1 with a delicious aroma2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,comte de ,meladore4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dj4 #ahga4 ,one of a collection of forty-two new varieties of pears exhibited by ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder at the ,exhibition of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahga4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellow1 with reddened cheek2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 tolerably juicy4 ,comte de ,morny4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dj4 #ahga4 ,exhibited by ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder among a collection of #db new varieties of pears at the ,exhibition of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahga4 ,fruit medium1 short-acute-pyriform1 yellowish1 with a red cheek a little obscured with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 juicy1 sweet and high flavored4 ,comte de ,paris4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbg4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eec4 #ahhd4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate-obtuse1 yellowish-green thickly dotted all over with large1 gray-russet dots and patches1 with an orange blush next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 brisk1 sweet1 aromatic2 good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,comtesse d',alost4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eid1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,origin uncertain1 but it was being cultivated in ,france in #ahdj and in ,germany in #ahed4 ,fruit medium1 long-conic1 rough to the touch1 russeted1 finely dotted with gray and partially covered with large1 longitudinal stains2 flesh yellowish-white1 close-grained1 very melting2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 acidulous and having a very aromatic savor2 first2 ,nov4 ,comtesse de ,chambord4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3ac1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eif1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,from seeds of ,winter ,nelis sown in #ahdg by ,president ,parigot1 ,poitiers1 ,depart4 ,vienne1 ,fr41 and fruited for the first time in #ahee4 ,fruit medium and above1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform2 skin rough1 wrinkled1 very bright green1 sprinkled with dots of greenish-gray1 brilliant yellow on the side touched by the sun1 and sometimes washed with bright red2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 very melting1 buttery1 gritty at core2 juice most abundant1 sugary1 refreshing1 vinous and delicately aromatic2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,comtesse ,clara ,frijs4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aih4 #ahhi4 ,danish4 ,fruit medium to large1 pale yellow1 dotted2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 perfumed2 good2 ,aug4 ,comtesse de ,grailly4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3afe1 fig4 #hc4 #ahgb4 ,introduced by ,eugne des ,nouhes1 near ,pouzanges1 ,vende1 ,fr41 in #ahfg4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic1 flattened at the two poles1 very bright green changing to a beautiful lemon-yellow on ripening1 golden on the side of the sun1 sprinkled with numerous fawn dots2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 rather granular at the core1 with abundant sweet juice and a delicate perfume2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,comtesse de ,paris4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bdb1 fig4 #hi4 #ahih4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bah1 fig4 #aijf4 ,obtained by ,w4 ,fourcine1 ,dreux1 ,fr41 about #ahic4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 bent toward stem1 greenish-yellow1 tinted with fawn around the stem and calyx and dots of russet over the rest of the skin2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 extremely juicy1 very sugary1 mild flavor2 good2 ,dec4 ,condorcet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eig1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,of unknown origin2 named after the ,marquis of ,condorcet4 ,fruit below medium or small1 turbinate1 acute and undulating at base1 but sometimes somewhat obtuse and mammillate1 always mammillate at crown1 bright yellow1 dotted1 streaked and patched with russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 slightly gritty at core2 juice enough1 sugary1 aromatic1 rather savory2 second2 ,sept4 ,conference4 #a4 ,nicholson ,dict4 ,gard4 #c3ea4 #aijj4 #b4 ,garden #fb3cfg1 fig4 #aijb4 #c4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aff4 #aibj4 ,named after the ,national 7,british7 ,pear ,conference of #ahhe4 ,originated by ,rivers1 the ,english pomologist1 and introduced in #ahid4 ,it is now grown in enormous quantities in ,england for market purposes and is said to be one of the most regular cropping varieties4 ,tree a moderate grower1 very productive4 ,fruit medium to above1 slightly long-gourd-shaped1 even1 smooth1 shining green1 dotted with russet2 stem long1 woody2 calyx open in a shallow basin2 flesh pale yellow1 slight pinkish tinge1 melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,congrs de ,gand4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gc4 #ahie4 ,a ,belgian variety distributed by ,daras de ,naghin of ,antwerp4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 fawn color2 flesh white1 melting2 good2 ,oct4 ,congrs ,pomologique4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eih1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees4 ,am4 #gbh4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 #ahed4 ,fruit above medium1 turbinate1 globular and bossed2 skin rough1 olive-yellow1 slightly dotted with brown1 more or less clouded with pale red on the cheek next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 having a pleasant flavor of musk2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,conkleton4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3he4 #aijh4 ,raised in ,texas from seed of ,le ,conte4 ,cataloged as new in #aijb4 ,conklin4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbh4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,westchester ,county1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit medium large1 oblate-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow sprinkled with green and brown dots1 russeted2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 half melting1 sweet1 juicy2 good2 ,sept4 ,connecticut4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgb4 #aheh4 ,raised in ,connecticut4 ,fruit medium1 oblate1 yellowish-green2 quality poor4 ,conseiller de ,hollande4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eed4 #ahhd4 ,fruit large1 pyramidal1 golden-yellow1 much covered with rather rough1 cinnamon-colored russet1 with a warm orange glow on the sun-exposed side1 with some streaks of crimson1 and some green specks and large dots on the shaded side2 flesh firm and crisp1 yellowish1 not melting1 deficient in juice1 sweet and with a musky aroma2 handsome but third rate2 ,oct4 ,conseiller ,ranwez4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eii1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eed4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,van ,mons2 it fruited in #ahda4 ,fruit large1 pyramidal1 bright green1 covered with fawn dots1 becoming yellow within a day or two of its ripening2 flesh fine-grained1 half-buttery1 tender2 juice plentiful1 sugary1 vinous and delicately perfumed2 good but variable2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,constant ,claes4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh1 #bfj4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ia1 fig4 #ebf4 #ahha4 ,a ,belgian variety distributed in #ahfc by de ,jonghe4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 conic-pyriform2 skin thin and slender1 pale green1 washed on ripening with light orange-red2 flesh white1 fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sweet1 vinous and pleasantly scented2 first2 ,sept4 ,cooke4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dhd4 #aheg4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cgb4 #ahei4 ,place of origin1 ,king ,george ,county1 ,va4 ,introduced by ,h4 ,r4 ,roby1 ,fredericksburg1 ,va4 ,fruit rather large1 irregularly pyramidal1 pale-yellow2 flesh juicy1 buttery1 melting1 sweet1 rich1 vinous2 mid-season4 ,copia4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dee4 #ahee4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ega4 #aheg4 #c4 ,ibid4 #gbi4 #ahfi4 ,originated about the middle of last century at ,philadelphia4 ,fruit large1 yellow1 with specks of russet1 broad-turbinate2 flesh sugary1 rather coarse1 somewhat resembling the ,beurr ,diel in flavor2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,cornlie ,daras4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi4 #ahie4 ,distributed by ,daras de ,naghin of ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 lemon-yellow2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary and well perfumed2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,cornemuse4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #cce4 #ahfb4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3fjb1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this is one of the most ancient ,french pears and was cultivated in #afbh at ,orlans1 ,le ,lectier tells1 under the name ,chair de ,fille but a little later under that of ,cornemuse1 it being described by ,claude ,saint-,etienne in #afgj4 ,fruit below medium1 long1 somewhat gourd-shaped1 narrow and undulating towards the stem1 golden-yellow1 shining1 speckled with gray dots on the shaded side and with dull yellow on side exposed1 and also extensively washed with carmine on the same side2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 semi-melting2 juice abundant1 acidulous1 sugary and aromatic2 first2 ,july4 ,cornewell4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ei4 #aheh4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3fd4 #ahfj4 ,a variety of unknown origin which about #ahcj-e was disseminated by the ,vermont grafters who travelled the country setting grafts for those who desired4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 greenish-yellow1 much russeted1 and with many dark and purple specks2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 melting1 juicy1 vinous1 spicy and rather astringent2 good2 ,sept4 ,coter4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3adi4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbi4 #ahfi4 ,one of ,van ,mons' seedlings4 ,fruit medium1 varying from obtuse to acute-pyriform1 light green or yellowish with russet dots and patches2 flesh whitish1 tender1 juicy1 vinous2 good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,coule-,soif de ,cerutti4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ae1 fig4 #bif4 #ahhj4 ,origin unknown but was named after a druggist named ,cerutti of ,camburg1 ,saxe-,meiningen1 ,ger41 who propagated it in the environs of that village4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 very bright green1 speckled with dots of bright brown1 changing to yellow on ripening2 flesh whitish1 a little transparent1 coarse1 semi-melting2 juice very plentiful1 sugary1 refreshing2 good2 ,sept4 ,courte-queue d',automne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3fjc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahgf4 ,raised by ,leroy in his nurseries at ,angers1 it bore its first fruit in #ahfc4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 irregular1 one side usually less swelled than the other1 bright green1 dotted with brown1 much stained with russet and blushed with tender rose on the exposed side2 flesh white1 very fine1 semi-melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 having a delicate scent and a most agreeable tartish flavor2 first2 ,oct4 ,courte-queue d',hiver4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #bfj4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ff4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 gray2 flesh fine1 very melting1 sugary and perfumed1 slightly musky2 ,mar4 to ,may4 ,cousin ,blanc4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3acc1 fig4 #cee4 #ahhj4 ,of ,flemish origin4 ,cataloged by ,m4 ,jahn1 #ahfd4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic1 very pale green1 sprinkled with very fine points of fawn2 flesh white1 slightly tinted with yellow1 semi-fine and melting1 fairly full of richly saccharine juice having a fresh and pleasant flavor of almond4 ,couteau4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,mentioned by ,john ,parkinson in #afbi in a list of pears grown in ,england at that time as a pear that is neither good one way nor other4 ,craig4 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #agg1 fig4 #ahhe-hf4 ,early ,butter of ,indiana4 #b4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #aed4 #aheg4 ,one of several seedling pear trees brought from ,vincennes1 ,ind41 by ,john ,wright and planted at ,vevay1 ,ind41 in #ahjd4 ,fruit very small1 globular-acute-pyriform1 pale lemon-yellow1 with faint indication of blush and many minute1 russet dots2 flesh white1 juicy1 rather firm1 pleasant2 fair1 becomes mealy when fully ripe2 ,june4 ,craig ,favourite4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eed4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #aii4 #ahhi4 ,a valuable autumn dessert pear in ,scotland2 raised in the neighborhood of ,perth1 for which climate it is admirably adapted4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-turbinate1 yellowish-green in the shade1 almost entirely covered with thin russet which is again covered with dots and patches of coarser russet and next the sun dull red1 streaked with livelier red1 mottled with orange and thickly strewed with large1 gray-russety dots2 flesh white1 semi-buttery1 juicy1 sugary1 perfumed2 dessert2 ,sept4 ,crassane4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aff1 ,pl4 ,,xxii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gbh4 #ahfi4 ,bergamotte ,crassane4 #c4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3fa1 fig4 #ahed4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bca1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,an ancient pear of obscure origin4 ,in the middle of the seventeenth century it was introduced for cultivation in ,france by ,la ,quintinye1 gardener to ,king ,louis ,,xiv4 ,it appears to have derived its name from the ,latin word crassus which signifies thick4 ,some authorities have suggested it was named after the celebrated ,roman ,consul ,marcus ,lucinius ,crassus who1 with ,julius ,caesar and ,pompey1 formed the first triumvirate1 and who died #ec ,b4,c4 ,the balance of authority is in favor of its having had a ,french origin4 ,by ,belgian and some ,french and ,german writers it is known as the ,bergamotte ,crassane4 ,fruit medium and above1 globular1 bossed1 flattened at extremities1 bright greenish-yellow1 veined and dotted with fawn2 flesh buttery1 melting1 tender1 of a rich sugary flavor and perfume2 a dessert pear of formerly high reputation but rather superseded2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,crassane ,libotton4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3ac1 fig4 #g4 #ahgb4 ,according to the catalog of ,van ,mons this is a gain of a ,m4 ,libotton and is probably ,belgian4 ,fruit small1 almost a globe1 depressed at both poles2 skin thick1 intense green1 dotted with black spots1 sometimes blushed on ripening2 flesh white1 semi-fine and melting1 sweet1 vinous1 agreeably perfumed2 suitable for large orchards2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,crassane du ,mortier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gg4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,b4 ,c4 ,mortier in ,france4 ,fruit rather large1 turbinate1 yellow marked with green2 flesh very melting and juicy2 first2 ,nov4 ,crawford4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cce4 #ahde4 #b4 ,ibid4 #gbi4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #aci4 #aijh4 ,chalk4 #d4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #afc4 #aibj4 ,this tree1 probably of ,scotch origin1 grows to a large size in the orchards of ,kent1 ,eng41 and is often planted on the windy sides of plantations as a protection to other trees4 ,tree stout1 remarkably productive4 ,fruit below medium1 obovate1 pale green1 with faintest red blush2 stem stout1 medium short1 fleshy2 calyx open1 in a shallow basin2 flesh nearly white1 mealy1 sweet1 juicy2 flavor nil2 ,aug4 ,crede ,kegelfrmige ,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dh4 #ahef4 ,a ,german variety cultivated in ,hesse and ,franconia in #ahbh4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 covered with cinnamon-russet1 somewhat blushed2 flesh granular1 sweet1 with an agreeable cinnamon flavor2 good2 ,sept4 ,crede ,sommerrusselet4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dg4 #ahef4 ,reported from ,upper ,hesse1 ,ger41 in #ahcc4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 light yellow1 blushed with light red2 flesh soft1 aromatic2 very fruitful1 excellent2 ,sept4 ,crisco4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bhh4 #ahic4 ,a seedling of ,seckel raised in ,north ,carolina by ,robert ,crisco4 ,fruit roundish1 below medium in size1 greenish-yellow1 nearly covered with russet2 dots numerous2 calyx small1 closed1 in a moderately deep basin2 stem medium1 stout1 fleshy at base2 cavity small2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 juicy1 mild subacid1 almost sweet2 good to very good4 v,crnivka4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a ,russian wild pear4 ,fruit small1 globular1 rather acute toward stalk1 yellowish-green1 with some brown-russet2 flesh white1 agreeable2 a good wild pear2 ,sept4 ,crocker4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yearbook1 #dig1 ,pl4 ,,lx4 #aije4 ,originated in an orchard planted by gold miners near ,loomis1 ,cal41 about #ahej and known locally as ,crocker ,bartlett4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 somewhat angular1 golden-yellow1 netted and russeted2 stem medium to long1 slender1 obliquely inserted2 calyx small1 closed1 in a deep1 abrupt basin2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 juicy1 mild subacid to sweet2 very good2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,croft ,castle4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3fj4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ac3aed4 #ahdg4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #aba1 fig4 #aeg4 #ahff-gc4 ,raised by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 former ,president of the ,london ,horticultural ,society4 ,fruit medium1 globular at the stalk end1 greenish-yellow1 covered with large1 brown dots and russet markings2 flesh whitish1 a little gritty but melting1 juicy1 rich1 sugary1 and perfumed2 an excellent dessert pear2 ,oct4 ,cross4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #g3acb1 fig4 #h4 #ahda4 #b4 ,ibid4 #bj3ach4 #ahed4 ,originated with a ,mr4 ,cross1 ,newburyport1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 smooth1 deep yellow1 red on the sunny side1 covered with russet dots1 patches of russet around the eye2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 juicy1 of a rich1 spicy flavor2 a handsome and excellent fruit2 ,dec4 ,crouch4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcj4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,colchester1 ,conn4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 inclining to oblate1 pale yellow1 netted and patched with russet1 many russet dots2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good2 ,sept4 ,crow4 #a4 ,john ,s4 ,kerr ,cal4 #aa4 #ahih4 ,described by ,john ,s4 ,kerr1 ,sherman1 ,tex41 as new in his catalog of #ahih4 ,fruit said to be like ,bartlett in shape and color2 finest flavor2 ,sept4 ,cullem4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3afe1 fig4 #bge4 #ahgi4 ,from ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform-ovate1 tender1 green1 dotted with fine specks of brown-fawn passing to pale whitish-yellow on ripening1 with the cheek exposed to the sun blushed with red and golden hues2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather transparent1 firm and yet melting2 abundant juice with flavor recalling that of the old ,white ,doyenn2 good in quality1 but a poor bearer2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,cumberland4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #afh4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3ejh4 #ahfj4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3fjh1 figs4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcj4 #ahfi4 ,alexandre ,bivort and ,m4 de ,jonghe declared that this variety was one of ,van ,mons' seedlings while ,downing1 ,kenrick and ,manning affirmed it to be a native of ,cumberland1 ,r4 ,i4 ,the conflicting opinion is explained by the fact that the ,cumberland of the first parties is really ,henkel4 ,fruit large1 obovate-pyriform1 pale yellow on the shaded side and greenish-yellow on the side of the sun1 dotted with gray-russet and having some russet patches2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 dense1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 rather pleasantly flavored1 slightly perfumed2 second2 ,sept4 ,cur d',oleghem4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3fac1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3aga1 fig4 #bgh4 #ahgi4 ,probably of ,belgian origin1 having been described by ,bivort in #aheb and placed in the ,general ,list of fruits cultivated in the garden of the ,society of ,van ,mons in #aheg4 ,fruit small1 globular1 bossed1 larger on one side than on the other1 greenish-yellow1 dotted all over with russet and extensively washed with the same around the stem2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 gritty at center2 juice scanty1 little sugar1 no perfume1 very acid2 third2 ,oct4 ,cushing4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3add4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcj4 #ahfi4 ,a native pear which originated on the farm of ,col4 ,washington ,cushing1 ,hingham1 ,mass4 ,it was introduced to notice at the first annual show of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahbi4 ,fruit medium1 somewhat variable according to cultivation and soil1 obovate-obtuse1 light greenish-yellow1 sometimes blushed with dull red on the sunny side and sprinkled all over with russety dots2 flesh fine1 white1 melting1 juicy1 agreeably sprightly1 rich2 very good1 among the best autumn pears2 ,sept4 ,czernowes4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ag1 fig4 #dhi4 #ahha4 ,of unknown origin4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obovate or pyriform-obovate1 often bossed2 when ripe is a brilliant lemon-yellow1 with some dots except on the side of the sun which is tinged with light orange-red2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 with abundant sugary juice1 slightly musky1 agreeable2 first2 ,sept4 ,d',amboise4 #a4 ,decaisne ,naudin ,man4 ,amat4 ,jard4 #d3dfd4 ,fruit medium1 oblate or turbinate1 greenish-yellow1 washed with very bright red1 marked with brown around the stem2 flesh very white1 sweet1 without scent4 ,d',arad4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ahg1 fig4 #chb4 #ahhj4 ,a ,hungarian variety2 probably originated in the ,county of ,arad in the west of ,transylvania4 ,fruit medium1 an almost perfect ellipsoid2 skin rather thick1 water-green1 often nearly covered with brown-russet2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 buttery1 melting1 full of richly saccharine juice1 vinous and perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,d',auch4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cig4 #ahca4 #b4 ,decaisne ,naudin ,man4 ,amat4 ,jard4 #d3dgc4 ,this pear greatly resembles ,colmar in almost every respect and has often been confused with it4 ,it is1 however1 more full next the stalk and arrives at maturity somewhat later and its flesh has a higher flavor4 ,d',auch was introduced into ,england before #ahag by the ,duke of ,northumberland4 ,fruit very large1 long1 bossed1 irregular1 obtuse2 skin a lively yellow washed with orange-red2 flesh breaking1 sweet2 not high in quality4 ,d',oeuf4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aeg4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dgj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #ee1 #bef4 #ahie4 ,a ,swiss pear largely grown in the neighborhood of ,basle4 ,the botanist ,valerius ,cordus described it in #aefa4 ,fruit small1 oval1 greenish-yellow1 strewed with gray-russet dots1 more or less tinged with red on the side of the sun2 flesh white and semi-fine1 semi-breaking or melting1 rich1 sugary1 musky2 juice abundant2 second2 ,aug4 ,daimyo4 #a4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abi4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aje4 #ahie4 ,a ,japanese variety4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-pyriform1 clear yellow with minute pale or brownish dots2 stem long1 curved1 slender1 set in a slight depression2 calyx open1 in a shallow basin2 flesh white1 coarse1 crisp2 poor2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,dallas4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aa3beb4 #ahde4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcj4 #ahfi4 ,in #ahdc this1 one of ,governor ,edwards' seedlings raised at ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 was exhibited to the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 dull yellow1 thickly interlaced with cinnamon-russet sprinkled with crimson and russet dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 buttery1 juicy1 aromatic2 good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,dame4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3a1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bjj4 #ahfi4 ,for two and a half centuries this variety has been known in the ,department of ,maine-et-,loire under the name of ,dame1 though in one district it bore the name of des ,buhards4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 mammillate around calyx2 skin rough1 grass-green1 dotted with fawn at each end and sprinkled with gray specks2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 tender1 semi-melting1 gritty2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 acidulous1 rather well flavored2 third2 ,sept4 ,dame-verte4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3c1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aci1 fig4 #gj4 #ahgb4 ,attributed to ,van ,mons about the beginning of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit above medium1 obtuse-conic1 skin thick1 yellowish-olive1 sprinkled with green dots changing to bright yellow and on the side of the sun occasionally touched with crimson2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather coarse1 semi-melting1 rather gritty at the center1 with plenty of sweet juice1 acid but rather savory2 second2 ,aug4 ,darimont4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cfi4 #ahca4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3bjj4 #ahcb4 ,a ,flemish pear new in the early part of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 tapering somewhat toward the stalk1 yellowish-gray-russet1 sprinkled with numerous scabrous specks2 flesh white1 gritty1 melting1 with a saccharine1 slightly musky and somewhat astringent juice2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,darlington4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gca4 #ahfi4 ,an ,american variety2 origin unknown4 ,fruit large1 oblate-obtuse-pyriform1 pale yellow1 some crimson at times on the side of the sun1 nettings and patches of russet and russet dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 sweet2 moderate quality2 rots at core2 ,sept4 ,dathis4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3d1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin not clear1 but it was cultivated in ,france before the middle of the last century4 ,fruit large1 turbinate and very swelled1 one side being often more so than the other1 bright yellow passing to grayish-yellow on the cheek touched by the sun1 dotted with green2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 half-breaking1 gritty at center2 juice deficient1 sugary2 second2 ,oct4 ,david4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahgf4 ,fruit rather coarse1 of handsome pyramidal form1 yellowish-green washed with purple2 flesh breaking2 first quality for cooking purposes2 ,apr4 and ,may4 ,david d',angers4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3f1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed by ,andr ,leroy in #ahfe4 ,fruit medium to large1 turbinate-obtuse1 rather pentagonal1 mammillate at calyx1 bright yellow1 finely dotted with fawn2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 savory1 pleasantly perfumed2 first2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,davis4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bc3ajg #aheg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gca4 #ahfi4 ,a seedless native pear found about #ahcg by a ,mr4 ,davis1 six miles from ,philadelphia1 on the ,westchester ,road4 ,fruit small2 variable in form1 sometimes globular1 usually obtuse-pyriform1 yellowish1 much russeted2 flesh buttery1 aromatic1 melting1 sweet1 rather coarse1 somewhat vinous2 good2 ,oct4 ,de ,cerciaux4 #a4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cgc4 #aijh4 ,a variety good for perry and for drying4 ,the juice is amber-colored1 perfumed and of an agreeable flavor2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,de ,chasseur4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3hi1 fig4 #ada4 #ahgh4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons which produced fruit in #ahdb4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform-ovate1 slightly obtuse2 skin rather thick and tough1 pale green1 sprinkled with gray-brown dots1 becoming at maturity bright yellow1 a good deal shaded with brown-russet2 flesh white1 slightly tinged with green1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice plentiful1 sweet1 pleasantly perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,de ,croixmare4 #a4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cgb4 #aijh4 ,a good perry pear cultivated in ,france4 ,fruit small1 very good1 especially for the manufacture of alcohol2 has little tannin4 ,the juice is colorless2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,de ,duvergnies4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #dfc4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aai1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,kstliche ,van ,mons4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3abd4 #ahef4 ,originated by ,van ,mons2 fruited in #ahba4 ,downing describes this pear under the name ,delices ,van ,mons and gives as a synonym ,delices de ,mons1 but since these names are also synonyms of ,viconte de ,spoelberg1 a very different variety1 the name originally given by ,van ,mons is to be preferred4 ,fruit medium and often larger1 obtuse1 long-ovate1 regular and bold in contour2 surface uneven1 slightly constricted near the top1 and slightly mammillate2 skin thin1 rough to the touch1 lemon-yellow1 dotted all over with greenish-gray1 generally vermilioned on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine or semi-fine1 melting1 granular around the core2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 vinous1 sourish1 with a peculiar and delicious aroma2 first2 ,oct4 ,de ,fer4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aeb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,according to ,leroy this pear is at least four centuries old and originated in ,germany1 where ,cordus described it about #aedd under the name of ,pear of ,os4 ,fruit above medium and often large2 form variable1 at times prolonged like ,calebasse1 more generally turbinate-ovate or turbinate-globular2 stem obliquely planted2 skin slightly wrinkled1 bright yellowish-green1 more or less vermilioned on the side next the sun1 covered with large1 gray dots and some streaks of brown-russet2 flesh very white1 semi-fine1 hard and breaking1 lacking in juice1 sweetish1 deficient in perfume2 third2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 or ,apr4 ,de ,fosse4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aia1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a very ancient ,french variety mentioned by ,le ,lectier in his catalog of #afbh4 ,fruit below medium and often small1 globular-turbinate1 clear yellow dotted and netted with russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 firm1 semi-breaking1 scented2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous2 very musky2 second or third2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,de ,lamartine4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cbe1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,lamartine4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,bivort1 director of the nurseries of the ,society of ,van ,mons and first reported in #ahej4 ,fruit small1 globular or turbinate1 flattened1 often irregular and bossed1 olive-green1 dotted and very much covered with russet2 flesh white1 coarse1 melting1 generally gritty around the core2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 musky and delicate2 second1 or third when the flesh is excessively gritty2 ,nov4 ,de ,louvain4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cfc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcd4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,von ,mons in #ahbg and published in #ahcd4 ,fruit above medium1 obtuse-turbinate1 clear grass-green or dull yellow1 much covered with fine dots of gray-russet and stains of russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine and semi-melting2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 vinous1 with a delicate flavor and perfume of musk2 second2 ,sept4 ,de ,prtre4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aij4 #agfh4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3aca4 #ahdc4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eej1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a very old ,french pear just mentioned by the pomologist ,le ,lectier of ,orlans and for a long while known under the names of ,caillout1 ,caillolet and ,caillot d',hiver4 ,le ,lectier cultivated it in #afjj and cataloged it in #afbh4 ,in #aheh ,decaisne coupled with it the ancient name of ,carmelite4 ,fruit below medium1 spherical but sometimes a little elongated and narrowed toward the upper part2 skin rather thick1 clear brown-russet dotted all over on the side exposed to the sun with whitish points1 but with ash-gray points on the other side2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 gritty at center2 juice moderate in amount1 saccharine1 acidulous1 more or less musky2 second or third for dessert1 first for compotes2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,de ,rachinquin4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #agj4 #ahcb4 ,produced by ,m4 ,noisette4 ,fruit round1 compressed1 rough1 brown2 flesh melting buttery1 sugary1 highly flavored2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,delcange4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large2 flesh melting2 first quality2 ,sept4 ,dlices de la ,cacaudire4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3i1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,gained by ,count ,eugne des ,nouhes in #ahdf near ,pouzauges1 ,vende1 ,fr4 ,fruit above medium1 long-conic1 slightly obtuse1 mammillate at crown and irregular in contour1 bright yellow1 dotted with gray and greenish specks1 colored with carmine on the cheek next the sun2 flesh very white and fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 acidulous1 sugary1 aromatic1 rather savory2 second2 ,july and ,aug4 ,dlices de ,charles4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gd1 #bfb4 #ahgf4 ,wredow4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hhf4 #ahfi4 ,raised in #ahbf by ,simon ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-pyriform but inconstant in contour1 dark lemon-yellow1 dotted with russet2 flesh white1 fine1 very melting1 buttery1 sweet1 juicy1 vinous and with a delicious tartness2 good to very good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,dlices de ,chaumont4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3acc1 fig4 #edg4 #ahha4 ,fruit rather large1 conic-ovate1 olive spotted with gray2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 wanting in juice1 very sweet2 second1 cooking4 ,dlices ,everard4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eeh4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,gabriel ,everard1 ,tournay1 ,fr41 in #ahdj4 ,it was sent to ,england in #ahfe and received a first-class certificate from the ,royal ,horticultural ,society in #ahge4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 smooth1 shining1 bright yellow1 much speckled and marked with russet2 flesh salmon tint1 tender1 buttery1 melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 delicious flavor and fine perfume2 ,oct4 to ,feb4 ,dlices de ,froyennes4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eeh4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,isidore ,degaud1 ,froyennes1 ,tournay1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 oval1 yellow covered with fawn-colored russet2 flesh tender1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary and perfumed1 vinous2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,dlices d',hardenpont4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #ii4 #ahbe4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eeh4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,abbe ,hardenpont1 ,mons1 ,bel41 in #agei4 ,there has been much confusion between this and ,dlices d',hardenpont d',angers and the ,archiduc ,charles and ,charles of ,austria4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate-obtuse2 skin smooth1 bright green changing to yellow1 with pale brown-russet dots2 flesh white1 tender1 buttery1 melting1 rich1 sweet1 perfumed2 good2 ,nov4 ,dlices d',hiver4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3fa1 fig4 #dae4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #bf3baj4 #ahhf4 ,distributed by ,m4 ,dauvesse1 ,orlans1 ,fr41 early in the latter half of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit large2 form variable from elongate-pyriform to globular-pyriform with short stalk set obliquely2 skin thick1 green1 heavily dotted2 flesh moderately fine1 full of sugary juice1 acid and delicately perfumed2 ,dec4 to ,jan4 ,dlices de ,huy4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ef1 #bea4 #ahie4 ,fruit large1 conic-pyriform1 yellowish-green2 flesh greenish-yellow1 juicy1 pleasantly perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,dlices de ,jodoigne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ae1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eei4 #ahhd4 ,obtained by ,simon ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 in #ahbf4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 irregular1 slightly obtuse and larger on one side of the axis than the other1 grass-green on the shaded side and reddish-gray on the exposed face1 covered with numerous very fine dots of fawn2 flesh white1 firm1 breaking1 sweet1 juicy1 refreshing and aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 ,dlices de ,ligaudires4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fj4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium1 of the style of ,white ,doyenn1 but the stem thicker and shorter2 flesh fine1 melting2 first2 ,oct4 ,dlices de ,lovenjoul4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3fe1 fig4 #aheh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcd4 #ahfi4 ,jules ,bivort4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ae1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons in whose catalog of #ahbh it is ,no4 #eba4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow washed with orange-red1 speckled all over with russet dots2 color variable2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 semi-buttery2 juice abundant1 sugary1 with an acid flavor and delicious perfume1 rich2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,dlices de la ,meuse4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgi4 #aheh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3af1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,laurent de ,bavay1 ,director of the ,royal ,nurseries of ,vilvorde1 near ,brussels1 sent this pear out in #ahej4 ,fruit medium and above1 ovate1 irregular1 bossed1 more enlarged on one side than the other1 greenish-yellow1 very finely speckled with green and brown dots2 flesh dirty white1 coarse1 breaking1 gritty at center2 juice variable in amount1 moderately sweet1 acid1 musky2 second2 ,feb4 ,dlices de ,naghin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ij4 #ahie4 ,fruit rather large1 turbinate1 yellow1 washed with fawn2 flesh very juicy1 very sweet2 an exquisite pear2 ,nov4 ,dlices de ,saint-,mdard4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gj4 #ahie4 ,sent out from ,belgium4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 shining yellow touched with russet2 flesh fine1 melting1 sweet2 good quality2 ,sept4 ,dlices de ,tirlemont4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ij4 #ahie4 ,first placed in commerce by ,h4 ,millet1 nurseryman at ,tirlemont1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium or large2 flesh melting2 first2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,dlicieuse de ,grammont4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ib4 #ahgf4 ,raised by ,m4 de la ,croix d',ogimont1 ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 delicate yellowish-green2 flesh white1 very juicy2 first2 end of ,aug4 ,dlicieuse de ,swijan4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ij4 #ahie4 ,distributed by ,baron de ,trauttenberg1 ,prague1 ,bohemia4 ,tree very fertile and suitable for cold and mountainous climates4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 yellowish-green1 dotted2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 sugary2 very good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,dlisse4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gb4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 of even contour1 much covered with fawn-russet2 flesh fine1 melting1 very juicy2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,delpierre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ag1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gj1 #beb4 #ahie4 ,a wilding found in the ,canton of ,jodoigne1 ,brabant1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 ovate-obtuse-pyriform1 wrinkled1 thick1 olive-green clouded with dark yellow2 flesh greenish-white1 coarse1 semi-melting2 juice acid1 rather sweet1 vinous1 abundant2 second2 ,sept4 ,delporte ,bourgmestre4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ij4 #ahie4 ,fruit rather large1 yellowish2 first2 ,mar4 and ,apr4 ,democrat4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #be3fi4 #ahei4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcd4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling originated in ,pennsylvania and introduced as new in #ahei4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular-obovate1 greenish-yellow with nettings and patches of russet and dotted with russet and brown spots2 flesh semi-melting1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant good2 ,sept4 ,demorest4 #a4 ,wash4 ,nurs4 ,cat4 #e4 #aiba4 ,reported as luscious1 larger1 later and a better keeper than ,bartlett4 ,dempsey4 #a4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #aee4 #aiad4 ,a ,canadian pear produced from a seed of ,bartlett fertilized with ,duchesse d',angoulme4 fruit large1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 smooth1 yellowish-green with brownish-red cheek in sun2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 tender1 almost melting1 with sweet1 delicious flavor2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,denis ,dauvesse4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium to large1 long-pyriform2 flesh fine1 melting1 pleasantly perfumed2 ,sept4 ,des ,chartreux4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3aga1 fig4 #hd4 #ahff-gc4 ,origin uncertain4 ,fruit small or nearly medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 light green1 speckled with dots of a very deep green1 washed with light red on the sunny side2 flesh slightly yellow1 fine1 more firm than breaking2 juice sugary1 acidulous1 slightly perfumed2 second2 ,aug4 ,des ,deux ,soeurs4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #dfc4 #ahfc4 ,the original tree was found in the garden of the ,misses ,knopp of ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 lemon-yellow2 flesh melting1 juicy1 sugary1 slightly astringent but wanting in perfume and flavor2 grown both in ,belgium and ,france2 not first class4 ,dsir ,cornlis4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ah1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efj4 #ahhd4 ,the parent tree was from seed sown by ,van ,mons2 first bore fruit in #ahdg4 ,fruit large1 oblong-oval1 obtuse2 skin very fine1 pale yellow and often orange-yellow1 dotted and netted with greenish-gray2 flesh very tender1 buttery1 melting2 juice plentiful1 sugary1 deliciously perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,dessauer ,weissbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ce4 #ahef4 ,north ,german1 #ahjd4 ,fruit medium1 smooth1 pale greenish-yellow changing to citron yellow1 sometimes rather lightly blushed2 flesh fine1 somewhat soft1 sweet1 aromatic2 good2 ,aug4 ,deutsche ,augustbirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bjb4 #ahhi4 ,d',aout ,allemande4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3fe1 fig4 #eac4 #ahha4 ,a ,german variety much cultivated in ,saxony4 ,fruit small1 ovate2 skin rather thick1 dull green1 sprinkled with small and numerous gray dots1 becomes yellow on ripening and somewhat blushed in the sun2 flesh green and veined with green1 semi-fine1 buttery2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 vinous1 acid1 pleasant2 good2 ,aug4 ,deutsche ,glasbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fi4 #ahef4 ,german1 #ahaa4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 bent toward stalk1 uniformly light yellow1 blushed with russety-red on the side of the sun2 flesh sweet2 good2 ,sept4 ,deutsche ,kmmelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aeg4 #ahef4 ,german1 #ahjb4 ,fruit small1 globular1 dirty yellow1 washed with russet2 flesh very tender1 sweet1 strongly aromatic and perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,deutsche ,muskateller4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #ajf4 #ahbe4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bjb4 #ahhi4 ,muscat ,allemand d',hiver4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dci1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,german ,muscat4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggb4 #ahfi4 ,an old pear of uncertain origin4 ,la ,quintinye mentioned it without description in #afij1 but in #agfh ,duhamel du ,monceau gave a careful description to distinguish between it and ,royale d',hiver which it somewhat resembles4 ,fruit medium or above1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 pale yellow1 speckled with numerous large1 gray dots2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 granular1 sweet1 slightly astringent2 second2 ,mar4 to ,may4 ,deux ,ttes4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bdd4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,zwibotzenbirne4 #c4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #afb4 #ahbe4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cjc4 #ahhi4 ,one of the most ancient pears cultivated in ,france4 ,charles ,estienne described it in #aecj in his ,seminarium1 under the name ,pyra ,bicipitia or ,poir a ,deux-,testes4 ,it takes its name from its large and oval calyx being placed on two prominences4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular1 somewhat turbinate1 pale yellowish-green in the shade1 blushed on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 coarse1 breaking1 juicy1 slightly perfumed1 but often having an unpleasant acidity2 an indifferent dessert fruit2 ,aug4 ,devergnies4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3eg1 fig4 #aheh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,obtained from seed in #ahag in ,hainaut by ,m4 ,devergnies of ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 much corrugated at summit1 olive-green1 nearly covered with gray-russet and slightly clouded with orange-red on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 buttery2 juice abundant1 acidulous1 sugary1 aromatic2 second2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,dewey4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ee4 #ahih4 #b4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhj1 fig4 #afj4 #aiac4 ,an oriental pear1 in form resembling ,kieffer4 ,fruit medium1 conical to globular-oval1 rusty green with faint blush2 skin rough2 flesh white1 juicy1 coarse1 gritty1 fibrous2 quality poor2 ,oct4 ,dhomme4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3be1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling raised by the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers1 ,fr42 it first bore fruit in #aheh4 ,fruit medium and often larger1 long-ovate1 bossed1 one side always larger than the other1 bright green1 finely dotted and much mottled with russet2 flesh white1 firm1 fine1 melting1 slightly gritty2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 devoid of perfume2 second2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,dickerman4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cgf4 #ahei4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcf4 #ahfi4 ,dikeman4 #c4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #gjj4 #ahig4 ,obtained by ,s4 ,d4 ,pardee1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 often irregular in outline1 yellowish1 bright cinnamon on the sunny side1 covered with minute dots2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 sugary1 perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,diego4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,described by ,john ,parkinson in #afbi as a small pear growing in clusters1 excellent1 and musky in flavor4 ,dienstbotenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bjj4 #ahef4 ,dutch1 #ahjg4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 light greenish-yellow turning to bright yellow1 with only an indistinct red blush1 if any2 flesh granular1 aromatic and sweet2 good2 ,oct4 ,dieudonn ,anthoine4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3he1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,dieudonn ,anthoine at ,ecaussines-d',enghien1 ,bel41 and bore fruit at ,brussels in #ahej4 ,fruit medium and above1 globular1 slightly turbinate1 bossed1 flattened at both ends1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with brown1 mottled with russet1 becoming at maturity a brilliant yellow1 washed with vermilion on the side of the sun2 flesh very white and very fine1 breaking2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 often astringent and only slightly perfumed2 second2 ,oct4 ,diller4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cf4 #aheb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcf4 #ahfi4 ,this pear was approved at the ,american ,pomological ,congress in #aheb1 where it was reported to have been imported from ,germany by the ,diller family many years previously1 but considered by others to be a native of ,pennsylvania4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-ovate1 cinnamon-russet2 flesh somewhat granular1 whitish1 buttery1 melting2 juicy with a fine aromatic flavor2 good to very good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,diman4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahff4 ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 submitted this among other seedlings to the ,fruit ,committee of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahff4 ,fruit #b-a_/b in4 in diameter1 russet1 with red cheek2 flesh breaking1 melting1 very sweet and juicy2 ripens soundly2 all ,oct4 ,this pear has improved1 year by year1 in size and character2 first-rate4 ,directeur ,alphand4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #ag3ech4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ed4 #ahie4 ,sent out in #ahhj by ,messrs4 ,croux and ,son1 ,chatenay1 ,seine1 ,fr4 ,fruit very large1 oblong-pyriform1 yellowish-green passing into golden-green1 dotted and splashed with red2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 generally gritty toward the center1 sugary2 very good for ornament and stewing2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,directeur ,hardy4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #edb4 #ahid4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ejj1 fig4 #aec4 #ahid4 ,from the seed beds of ,m4 ,tourasse and promoted by ,m4 ,baltet of ,troyes1 ,fr4 ,it was submitted to the ,tasting ,committee of the ,pomological ,society of ,france in #ahid and declared to be very good4 ,fruit large or medium1 turbinate1 elongated1 obtuse1 slightly bent1 golden-yellow1 washed with red on the exposed side2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 slightly perfumed2 ,sept4 ,directeur ,tisserand4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #g4 #aijj4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,a4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 from ,beurr d',hardenpont fertilized with ,doyenn du ,comice2 introduced in #aijj4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 ovate-turbinate2 skin fine1 shining1 colored in the sun2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 having a peculiar flavor2 good2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,directeur ,varenne4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #f4 #ahig4 ,a cross between ,easter ,beurr and ,bergamote ,espren1 introduced by ,m4 ,arsne ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,fruit large to very large1 approaching ,easter ,beurr in form and color2 stem short2 flesh very fine1 juicy1 with a slight aroma4 ,dirkjes ,peer4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3be1 fig4 #ac4 #ahgb4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ib4 #ahgf4 ,dutch4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic1 lemon-yellow streaked with brownish-red2 flesh whitish1 semi-breaking1 agreeably acid and sugary2 second2 good for household use2 ,aug4 ,dix4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3adb4 #ahca4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gcg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated in the garden of ,madame ,dix1 ,boston1 ,mass42 it bore first in #ahbf4 ,fruit large1 oblong or long-pyriform2 skin rough1 green1 the exposed fruit becoming deep yellow when ripe1 marked with distinct russet dots and sprinkled with russet around the stalk2 flesh melting1 rich1 juicy1 of a fine flavor and by some thought to be superior to the ,st4 ,germain2 very good to best2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,dixie4 #a4 ,griffing ,bros4 ,cat4 #ai1 fig4 #aiae4 ,originated in southern ,georgia as a chance seedling1 possibly a cross between ,le ,conte and the ,sand ,pear2 and was introduced in #aiad by ,griffing ,brothers of ,florida4 ,fruit medium to above1 roundish1 slightly oblong1 light green1 sweet1 sprightly2 ,aug4 ,doat4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bi1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ai1 fig4 #bjb4 #ahgi4 ,the parent tree was noticed by ,m4 ,doat in his garden near ,fleurance1 ,gers1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 like ,calebasse in form2 skin rough to the touch1 bright yellow dotted with fawn2 flesh yellowish-white or greenish1 semi-melting1 gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 vinous1 sugary1 rather aromatic2 second2 ,sept4 ,docteur ,andry4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ca1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efa4 #ahhd4 ,raised in the nurseries of ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,jr41 at ,rouen1 ,fr41 in #ahdi4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 ,bergamot-shaped1 bright yellow all over1 with dots of russet around the stalk1 and sprinkled with small brown specks2 flesh very white1 fine1 melting1 somewhat gritty at center1 juicy1 sugary1 with a delicate taste of musk2 first2 ,nov4 ,docteur ,bnit4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ca1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed by ,van ,mons in #ahdj4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 larger on one side than the other1 wrinkled1 bronzed all over1 dotted with bright grayish-green2 flesh whitish1 dense1 semi-melting1 veined with greenish-yellow2 juice sufficient1 rather sugary1 vinous1 slightly aromatic2 third2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,docteur ,bourgeois4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fb4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 apple-shaped1 lemon-yellow2 flesh fine1 somewhat granular at center1 juicy1 with agreeable perfume4 ,docteur ,bouvier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gch4 #ahfi4 ,an excellent ,french pear suitable for a mild climate4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate-pyriform1 greenish1 more yellow at maturity1 sprinkled1 shaded and dotted with russet1 sometimes with slight crimson and fawn on exposed cheek2 flesh rather coarse1 melting1 juicy1 vinous1 having but little perfume2 good to very good2 ,dec4 to ,mar4 ,docteur ,capron4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #fb1 #bee4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,van ,mons in #ahdb4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 ovate1 lemon-yellow2 flesh melting1 yellow1 buttery1 sugary1 juicy1 of good flavor and scented with almond2 first2 ,nov4 ,docteur ,chaineau4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahie4 ,fruit rather large2 flesh melting2 first2 ,oct4 ,docteur ,delatosse4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahie4 ,fruit exquisite2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,resisted the severe frost of #ahgi-hj4 ,docteur ,gromier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 ,first published in #ahgc4 ,fruit medium2 flesh very fine1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 with an aroma of mingled rose and musk2 first2 ,oct4 ,docteur ,joubert4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #efa4 #ahic4 ,baltet ,brothers1 ,troyes1 ,fr41 introduced this pear in #ahic4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform1 clear green passing to pale yellow1 dotted with fawn1 rosy on the side of the sun2 flesh melting2 juice abundant1 with a sugary taste and having a pleasant perfume2 autumn4 ,docteur ,koch4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3g1 fig4 #aif4 #ahgi4 ,raised from seed by ,andr ,leroy in #ahfd4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 bossed1 irregular1 lemon-yellow1 finely dotted and reticulated with russet1 lightly washed with reddish-brown on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 firm1 melting1 rather gritty about the core1 full of sugary juice1 acid and pleasantly perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,docteur ,lentier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gd1 #bef4 #ahie4 ,from seed sown in #ahdg by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,brabant4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 somewhat elongated1 smooth1 greenish or lemon-yellow1 splashed and dotted with cinnamon-russet2 flesh whitish1 fine-grained1 tender1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 exceedingly rich1 sweet and perfumed2 first1 of the highest merit2 ,oct4 ,docteur ,lindley4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dj4 #ahga4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh4 #ahgf4 ,shown at the annual exhibition of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahga4 ,fruit above medium1 broadly turbinate1 yellow1 tinged with red and slightly traced with russet2 flesh white1 buttery1 sweet1 highly flavored2 very good2 ,nov4 ,docteur ,meniere4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ch1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed by ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr42 fruited first in #ahfd4 ,fruit large1 cylindrical1 slightly ovate2 skin wrinkled1 bright yellow1 dotted with greenish-gray and partly covered with russet markings2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 slightly acid1 agreeably-perfumed flavor2 ,sept4 ,docteur ,nlis4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3hg1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #abi1 fig4 #afa4 #ahff-gc4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel42 first published in #ahdg4 ,fruit above medium or small1 turbinate-obtuse1 generally much more curved on one side than the other1 clear dark lemon-yellow1 thinly dotted with russet2 flesh yellowish1 fine-grained1 very tender1 melting1 juicy and sweet1 rather aromatic2 second2 ,sept4 ,docteur ,p4 ,bruzon4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dfc4 #aijf4 ,placed on the market as a new variety in #aijf by ,m4 ,bruant1 ,poitiers1 ,fr4 ,fruit very large1 greenish-yellow1 dotted and mottled with russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine but very juicy1 very melting1 sugary1 pleasantly perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,docteur ,pariset4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 nearly cylindrical1 golden lemon-yellow2 flesh buttery1 melting1 juicy1 sugary and perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,docteur ,pigeaux4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ib4 #ahgf4 ,from a seed bed of ,major ,espren of ,mechlin1 ,bel41 placed on the market in #ahfd4 ,fruit above medium and often rather large1 globular-ovate1 yellow tinged with rose2 flesh fine1 melting2 good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,docteur ,trousseau4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3hi1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gch4 #ahfi4 ,one of the last of the seedlings of ,van ,mons2 fruited in #ahdh4 ,fruit large1 pyriform-obtuse1 yellowish-green1 dotted with bright fawn and stained with brown-russet around the stem2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 very juicy and aromatic2 first2 ,nov4 ,doctor ,bachmann4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aij4 #ahfg4 ,produced at the ,pomaria nurseries1 ,south ,carolina1 from seed and reported to the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahfg4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 green with dull red cheek2 flesh juicy1 vinous and refreshing4 ,doctor ,engelbrecht4 #a4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 #aa3,no4 #gj1 ,pl4 #gj4 #ahhb4 ,german4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform-elongated1 nearly smooth1 shining1 green1 clouded with greenish-yellow2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 softish1 melting1 sweet1 vinous1 with an agreeable cinnamon flavor4 ,doctor ,hogg ,bergamot4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efb4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,t4 ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth1 ,eng41 from seed of ,gansel ,late ,bergamot2 received a first-class certificate from the ,royal ,horticultural ,society in #ahgh4 ,fruit produced in great clusters1 small1 size of ,seckel1 obovate1 even in outline1 grass-green1 with a dull brownish cheek1 changing to deep yellow and bright red cheek with an orange glow2 flesh melting1 remarkably sweet like honey1 with a brisk acidulous flavor and perfume of lemon2 one of the richest flavored pears2 ,sept4 ,doctor ,hoskins4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #dd3bja1 #bjc1 figs4 #abj1 #aba4 #ahhe4 ,according to correspondence with ,j4 ,t4 ,macomber of ,adams1 ,vt41 this variety is a seedling of ,flemish ,beauty4 ,it is said to be medium to above in size1 roundish-obtuse1 pyriform1 pale yellow1 red on the sunny side and very good in quality4 ,doctor ,howe4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app4 #adf4 #ahgf4 ,originated in garden of ,dr4 ,john ,t4 ,howe1 ,birmingham1 ,conn41 about #ahij4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 inclining to pyriform1 somewhat obtuse1 greenish changing to light yellow1 netted and patched with russet dots2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 rich1 slightly-vinous flavor2 promising in #ahij2 ,oct4 ,doctor ,turner4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #baj4 #ahfb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gdj4 #ahfi4 ,a pear of ,connecticut origin4 ,tree of good growth1 moderately spreading1 rather an early and regular although not an over-abundant bearer2 young wood a dark olive-brown4 ,fruit large1 oblong-pyriform1 with blunt neck2 skin pale yellow1 sometimes with a slight blush and thickly sprinkled with green and brown dots1 a few traces of russet2 stalk long1 curved1 set in a slight depression by a ring or lip2 calyx closed2 basin rather small2 flesh white1 juicy1 half melting1 slightly vinous1 somewhat astringent2 good2 ,aug4 ,dodge4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhj1 fig4 #afa4 #aiac4 ,a hybrid-oriental variety4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform1 narrowing rapidly to the stem1 greenish-yellow1 profusely dotted2 skin thin but tough1 russeted near stem2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 tender1 free from grit2 fair2 ,oct4 ,doktorsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fa4 #ahef4 ,german1 from the ,rhine country1 #ahcc4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 smooth1 light-yellow without russet1 slightly blushed on side next the sun2 flesh agreeable1 sweet2 good2 ,oct4 ,donatienne ,bureau4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahie4 ,on trial in #ahie at ,simon ,louis's grounds at ,metz1 ,lorraine4 ,fruit large1 ovate-long1 bright yellow stained with brown2 flesh fine2 first4 ,dones4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ib4 #ahgf4 ,fruit small2 flesh melting1 juicy2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,donville4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3db1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bjd4 #ahhi4 ,an old ,french pear mentioned first by ,merlet in #afge4 ,fruit medium to large1 pyriform-obtuse1 bright yellow when ripe1 washed with dark red on the side of the sun2 flesh-yellowish1 semi-fine or coarse1 breaking2 juice deficient1 sweet1 no perfume2 first for kitchen use2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,doppelttragende gelbe ,muskatellerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aa4 #ahef4 ,originated in ,thuringia1 ,ger41 #ahjc4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 symmetrical1 light greenish-yellow2 flesh breaking1 soft1 mild1 tender1 aromatic2 good2 ,aug4 ,drell ,herbst ,muskateller4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3if4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3a1 fig4 #che4 #ahhj4 ,fruit nearly medium1 ovate-pyriform1 pale yellow sprinkled with very small1 very numerous and regularly-spaced fawn dots usually free from any trace of russet2 at maturity the yellow passes into clear lemon-yellow and on well-exposed fruits is washed with vermilion2 flesh white1 rather fine1 breaking1 dense1 not juicy but sugary and perfumed2 good for culinary purposes2 winter4 ,dorothe ,nouvelle4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ib4 #ahgf4 ,belgian2 highly recommended4 ,fruit of first quality2 ,oct4 ,tree very fertile4 ,dorothe ,royale ,nouvelle4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ci1 fig4 #ejj4 #ahha4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 green changing to pale yellow1 some russet markings and speckled with grayish dots2 flesh whitish1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 delicious2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,dorr4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #aed4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #dba4 #ahei4 ,originated in ,new ,hampshire4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 pale yellow1 blushed with red2 flesh rather coarse1 deficient in juice1 sweet1 pleasant2 cooking or eating2 ,aug4 ,dorschbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #adh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small1 obtuse-turbinate1 somewhat globular1 green changing to yellow when ripe1 dotted with yellow-brown and marked with cinnamon-russet1 blushed on the sun-exposed side2 flesh tough1 light yellow1 very astringent1 subacid and very juicy2 ,oct4 ,dosoris4 #a4 ,horticulturist #bb3hh4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajj4 #ahfi4 ,found in a field at ,glen ,cove1 ,l4 ,i1 about #ahff4 ,fruit full medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 when ripe a beautiful yellow with two-thirds bright scarlet2 flesh sweet1 juicy1 agreeable1 though deficient in flavor2 beginning of ,aug42 good but not first quality4 ,double d',automne4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #di4 #ahca4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3aca4 #ahdc4 ,fruit medium1 ,bergamot-shaped1 entirely cinnamon-russet1 through which a little green appears1 with numerous small1 gray specks2 flesh white1 breaking1 rather gritty but mellow2 juice saccharine4 ,new in #ahca and considered promising but in #ahdc was discarded by the ,london ,horticultural ,society4 ,double-,fleur4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3agg4 #agfh4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3abc1 fig4 #bed4 #ahgi4 ,double ,blossom4 #c4 ,langley ,pomona #acb4 #agbi4 #d4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #dab1 #ahca4 ,of ancient and unknown origin4 ,mentioned by ,nicholas de ,bonnefonds in #afea in his first edition of the ,jardinier ,francais1 by ,merlet in #afge and ,claude ,saint-,etienne in #affj4 ,worth growing for ornament1 its large1 double flowers1 with from twelve to fifteen petals1 being very handsome4 ,fruit above medium1 globular or globular-turbinate1 generally enlarged on one side more than on the other1 green but yellow when ripe1 dark red or pale purple on the side of the sun2 flesh greenish1 semi-fine1 quite crisp1 juicy1 sweet1 rather sugary2 excellent culinary pear2 ,feb4 to ,may4 ,double de ,guerre4 #a4 ,garden #ef3dbf4 #ahii4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #afg4 #aibj4 ,introduced into ,england from ,mechlin1 ,bel41 about #ahce4 ,tree hardy1 productive4 ,fruit medium to above1 pyriform1 tapering to the stem1 yellow-brown speckled with russet2 stem short1 stout1 generally obliquely inserted2 calyx open in a shallow basin2 flesh yellow1 firm1 slightly acid2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,double-,plouvier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin and age uncertain4 ,fruit above medium1 long-ovate1 more or less bossed1 greenish1 dotted all over with gray-russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 scented2 juice moderate but sugary2 first for the kitchen2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,double ,rousselet4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3ba1 fig4 #aheh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 about #ahde4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 regular in contour2 skin fine1 tender1 green but almost entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet2 when ripe the russet becomes more golden and warmer in tint on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting1 with abundant sugary juice1 vinous1 very agreeable2 first2 ,oct4 ,dow4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ib4 #aheh4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cgg4 #ahei4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gda4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,dr4 ,eli ,ives1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 in the middle of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate1 acutely pyriform1 sometimes turbinate2 skin rough1 yellowish-green1 with russet patches and dots2 flesh white1 buttery1 juicy1 melting1 vinous flavored sometimes slightly astringent2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,dowler4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #d3aic4 #ahch4 ,exhibited before the ,london ,horticultural ,society in #ahch1 under the name of ,dowler's seedling4 ,a small winter pear1 described as one of the best and a good keeper4 ,downton4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dee4 #ahee4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ej1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,downton ,castle1 ,eng41 about #ahdj4 ,fruit medium or above1 oval1 somewhat irregular1 greenish-yellow changing to lemon-yellow1 a good deal russeted particularly on the side next the sun where it is completely covered and assumes a reddish-brown tinge2 flesh whitish1 not quite melting but tender1 fine1 free from grit1 agreeably acidulous1 sweet and juicy1 with some taste of orange2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,doyen ,dillen4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3bg1 fig4 #ahec4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ea1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,from seed sown by ,van ,mons at ,louvain in #ahbg4 ,fruit medium to large1 pyriform-conic1 yellow1 much covered with dots and patches of russet2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 free from grit2 juice rather abundant1 sweet1 rich and pleasantly perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,doyenn ,bizet4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahie4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 very fertile4 ,fruit large2 good2 ,mar4 to ,june4 ,doyenn ,blanc ,long4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #bg1 fig4 #ab4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gd4 #ahie4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit medium1 growing often in bunches1 pyriform2 skin thin1 fine1 bright green changing to brilliant yellow1 golden on the side next the sun1 with some bright red shading2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 musky2 first2 ,oct4 ,doyenn ,boisnard4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahie4 ,fruit rather large2 first2 ,dec4 ,doyenn ,boisselot4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bje4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,garden #ej3dje4 #ahif4 ,a little-known pear1 large in size1 some of the fruit weighing a pound1 ,bergamot in form1 maturing about ,christmas4 ,doyenn de ,bordeaux4 #a4 ,pom4 ,fr4 #d3,no4 #aej1 ,pl4 #aej4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin unknown but cultivated in the environs of ,bordeaux about #ahbj4 ,fruit large1 globular1 flattened at each end2 skin thick1 wrinkled and oily1 golden-yellow sown with large dots of greenish-russet and marbled with the same1 some orange-red on side next the sun2 flesh very white1 coarse1 breaking1 gritty at center2 juice sufficient1 sweet2 third for dessert1 first for compotes2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,doyenn ,bouyron4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahie4 ,distributed from ,bordeaux1 ,fr4 ,fruit of the size1 form and color of the ,doyenn ,gris2 flesh fine1 juicy1 somewhat acid2 ,aug4 ,doyenn du ,cercle4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gdb4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ei1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling obtained by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 a nurseryman at ,rouen1 ,fr42 first published in #aheg4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-globular1 varying to irregular-ovate1 pale yellow covered with very fine gray dots and stained with fawn1 often encrimsoned on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 very melting1 scented2 juice abundant1 sweet1 highly vinous1 with a delicate1 tartish flavor2 first2 ,nov4 ,doyenn ,cinq ,pans4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #be3acb4 #ahii4 ,a cross effected in #ahgi between ,duchesse de ,bordeaux and ,easter ,beurr by ,m4 ,herault4 ,fruit medium1 rather globular1 smooth1 yellow1 spotted and flecked with fawn2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 with an aroma of ,pelargoniums2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,doyenn ,defays4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #gc1 fig4 #ce4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fb4 #ahfi4 ,doyenn d',effay4 #c4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dfa4 #ahee4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,franois-,andr ,defays in the field of ,saint ,martin1 near ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit about medium1 globular-obovate or ,doyenn-shaped1 bossed at the stalk end and generally larger and longer on one side1 yellow1 much covered with cinnamon-russet on the side next the sun2 flesh tender1 buttery1 melting1 very juicy1 rich1 sugary1 vinous1 with musky aroma2 one of the best2 ,dec4 ,doyenn ,downing4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eff4 #ahhd4 ,a wilding found in a garden near ,angers1 ,fr41 by ,franois ,desportes1 the noted nurseryman1 in #ahea2 it was named after ,a4 ,j4 ,downing4 ,fruit medium1 globular or ovate1 mammillate1 one side always larger than the other1 pale yellow1 dotted and marbled with russet2 flesh very white1 tender1 semi-melting2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 acidulous1 with a pleasant flavor of anis2 ,sept4 ,doyenn ,flon ,ain4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fe1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #acc1 #ahid4 ,obtained from seed by ,m4 ,flon1 senior1 of ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahei4 ,fruit large1 globular1 generally mammillate at summit1 greenish-yellow and yellowish-brown on the side of the sun1 marbled and dotted with brown2 flesh white1 fine1 very melting1 juicy1 sugary1 slightly tartish1 with a pronounced flavor of roses2 first2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,doyenn ,fradin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ic4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3cc1 fig4 #dja4 #ahhj4 ,regarded as a gain of ,m4 ,parigot of ,poitiers4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 depressed at both extremities1 water-green1 dotted with brown1 becoming citron-yellow on ripening2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 gritty at core1 full of sweet juice1 vinous and richly perfumed4 ,doyenn ,georges ,boucher4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dif1 fig4 #aijf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #aig4 #aijg4 ,came from a seed bed of ,doyenn du ,comice made in #ahhd4 ,fruit large and very large1 globular-turbinate1 bossed at the extremities2 skin rather thick1 dark yellow1 sprinkled with small dots and marbled with fawn1 russeted and reddened on the sunny side2 flesh yellowish-white1 juicy1 sugary2 very good2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,doyenn ,goubault4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ff1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eff4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,m4 ,goubault1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate1 inclining to pyriform1 pale yellow with russet markings and dots2 flesh melting1 sugary1 vinous and highly perfumed2 rich and excellent2 ,jan4 ,doyenn de la ,grifferaye4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fh1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3aa1 fig4 #aih4 #ahgi4 ,obtained by ,m4 le ,gris1 ,angers1 ,fr42 gave its first fruit in #ahec4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-oblate1 very obtuse and irregular1 greenish-yellow1 finely dotted with russet and brown1 stained with fawn2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 full of sweet and perfumed juice2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,doyenn ,gris4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bjh1 ,pl4 ,,xlvii1 fig4 #a4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,doyenn ,gray4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gde4 #ahfi4 ,red ,doyenn4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fce4 #ahhd4 ,an ancient pear attributed to the garden of the ,chartreux ,monastery at ,paris about the middle of the eighteenth century4 ,fruit medium and above1 globular1 flattened at each extremity2 skin rather thin and wrinkled1 yellow-ochre1 nearly covered with cinnamon-colored russet1 so that little of the true color is visible1 brownish-red toward the sun2 flesh white1 tender1 melting1 very buttery1 rich and delicious2 one of the best dessert pears2 ,oct4 ,doyenn ,guillard4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,described as a new variety by ,simon-,louis ,bros41 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,fruit rather glossy1 brown1 slightly dotted with green2 flesh almost fine1 white1 very juicy1 vinous2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,doyenn des ,haies4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ga1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a wilding found on the property of ,m4 ,bardi1 ,bwalt1 ,canton of ,montastruc1 ,haute-,garonne1 ,fr41 and first reported in #ahee4 ,fruit medium1 globular or globular-turbinate1 flat at base1 mammillate at summit1 pale yellow1 dotted and stained with fawn1 blushed with tender rose on the side toward the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 rather gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 sweet1 very sugary1 tasting of musk2 second2 ,oct4 ,doyenn ,hudellet4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #aja1 fig4 #adg4 #ahff-gc4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,jules ,hudellet at ,ceyzeriat near ,bourg1 ,ain1 ,fr42 it was first published in #ahfg4 ,fruit medium1 globular-cylindrical1 regular outline1 bright green sprinkled with dots of gray-brown1 passing to pale yellow1 with some red on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 full of sweet juice1 slightly musky2 first2 ,nov4 ,doyenn ,jamin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ge1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3aca1 fig4 #ced4 #ahhj4 ,gained by ,jamin ,durand1 nurserymen at ,bourg-la-,reine1 near ,paris1 in #ahei from seed4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-conic or turbinate-ovate1 irregular1 greenish-yellow changing to yellow and washed with rose on the sunny side1 dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 buttery1 full of sweet juice1 vinous1 astringent1 without much perfume2 second2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,doyenn de ,lorraine4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ag1 #bja4 #ahgi4 ,received by ,diel1 the eminent ,german pomologist1 from a nurseryman at ,metz under the name of ,doyenn d',austrasie by which it is mostly known to ,german authors4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 depressed at each pole1 water-green1 with gray-brown dots1 bright citron-yellow when ripe and golden on the side next the sun or sometimes washed with red2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 semi-buttery2 juice plentiful1 sweet and slightly perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,doyenn ,louis4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,seedling of ,van ,mons1 previous to #ahbj4 ,fruit small1 turbinate-obtuse1 regular in form1 dark yellow1 strewn with numerous gray-brown dots and carmined on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 gritty at center2 juice abundant1 sugary1 lacking in flavor2 third2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,doyenn de ,montjean4 #a4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bdc1 fig4 #aijf4 ,obtained in #ahdh by ,m4 ,trottier1 ,montjean1 ,department of ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr41 and first published in #aheh4 ,fruit large to very large1 ovate1 nearly equally rounded at its two poles2 skin thin and rough1 yellow1 much russeted2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting1 very juicy1 with a slightly vinous and sweet flavor1 perfumed2 very good2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,doyenn ,nrard4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bcg1 fig4 #aag4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #fh4 #ahie4 ,obtained in #ahej by ,m4 ,bonnefoy1 a nurseryman at ,saint-,genis-,laval1 near ,lyons1 ,fr4 ,fruit small1 globular-conic1 yellowish-white1 marbled with bright red2 flesh semi-breaking1 very sugary2 good2 ,aug4 ,doyenn ,nouveau4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dfa4 #ahee4 ,fruit medium1 obovate2 flesh tender and juicy2 excellent2 ,apr4 ,doyenn ,perrault4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium1 rather oblate1 resembling ,easter ,bergamot with a long stalk2 flesh fine1 firm1 melting2 first2 winter4 ,doyenn ,picard4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ic4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium2 flesh melting2 first2 ,aug4 ,doyenn ,rahard4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahie4 ,fruit large or very large2 flesh fine1 melting1 very sweet2 ,dec4 to ,jan4 ,doyenn de ,ramegnies4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #bj3he4 #ahhc4 ,raised by ,m4 ,norbert ,bouzin of ,ramegnies-,chin near ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 turbinate and very symmetrically shaped2 olive-brown1 russeted2 flesh fine1 buttery1 vinous2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,doyenn ,robin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ha1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised in #ahdj at ,angers1 ,fr41 by a gardener named ,robin4 ,fruit large1 globular-ovate1 yellowish1 dotted and stained with bright russet2 flesh melting1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous1 aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 ,doyenn ,rose4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3hb1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ba1 fig4 #bii4 #ahhj4 ,from a seed bed made in #ahbj by ,edouard ,sageret1 author of ,pomologie physiologique2 it bore fruit first in #ahcj4 ,fruit above medium1 globular1 irregular1 yellow-ochre on the shaded side and beautiful rose on the side of the sun2 flesh very white1 semi-melting1 granular2 juice scarcely sufficient1 little perfume or flavor2 second2 ,oct4 ,doyenn ,saint-,roch4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3hc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,largely grown in the ,gironde1 ,fr41 in the middle of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit above medium and sometimes larger1 globular but variable1 pale yellow dotted with russet passing to bright yellow on the side next the sun1 where it is lightly washed with carmine2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting or slightly breaking1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 of delicate flavor2 second2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,doyenn de ,saumur4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3hd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a ,french pear of uncertain origin but known in the districts of ,saumur and ,lyons early in the nineteenth century4 ,fruit medium and below1 very variable in form1 from ovate-elongated to turbinate-obtuse1 bossed and swelled1 pale greenish-yellow1 dotted with gray-russet especially on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting1 juicy1 perfumed1 having an after-taste of musk2 first2 ,sept4 ,doyenn ,sentelet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3hf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3acg1 fig4 #afe4 #ahgh4 ,a gain of ,van ,mons1 #ahbc4 ,fruit about medium or below1 turbinate-ovate-obtuse1 often irregular1 deep rich yellow1 much mottled and speckled with cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous2 good2 ,oct4 ,doyenn ,sieulle4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3hg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efg4 #ahhd4 ,from a seed bed of ,jean ,sieulle1 ,vaux-,praslin1 ,fr42 it was placed on the market in #ahae4 ,fruit above medium to medium1 often globular and often ,doyenn-shaped1 deep rich yellow ground1 mottled and speckled with cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh very white1 fine1 semi-melting2 juice sufficient1 acidulous1 sweet1 with an agreeable almond flavor2 variable1 from second to first2 ,nov4 ,drapiez4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3abe4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dfa4 #ahee4 ,of ,belgian origin4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 pale green1 very much marbled with gray2 flesh tender1 sweet1 acidulous1 strongly perfumed2 a very excellent autumn fruit2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,drone4 #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #c4 #ahjg4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3be4 #ahca4 ,fruit middle sized1 globular1 light green dotted with darker shade of same color2 flesh white1 breaking1 full of sweet1 musky juice2 ,aug4 ,du ,breuil ,pre4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3afa1 fig4 #gi4 #ahff-gc4 ,alphonse ,du ,breuil obtained this variety from seeds of ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey sown in #ahdj4 ,fruit medium1 nearly a true sphere1 slightly depressed at the two poles1 lemon-yellow1 much russeted and at maturity mottled with blood-red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy2 first2 ,sept4 ,du ,mirror4 #a4 ,baltet ,trait4 ,cult4 ,fr4 #cgb4 #aijh4 ,a first-class ,french perry pear1 grown in the ,haute-,savoie1 yielding from #hjj to #ajjj litres of perry per tree2 the beverage is clear1 very sweet1 rather sparkling1 and becomes stronger with age4 ,du ,roeulx4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ib4 #ahie4 ,tree hardy4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 short1 yellow1 mottled with fawn2 flesh yellowish1 very melting1 juicy and sugary1 with an exquisite aroma2 first2 ,sept4 ,dubrulle4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ic1 #bfg4 #ahgf4 ,fruit rather large1 globular1 yellowish-green and gray mottled with fawn2 flesh melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 highly perfumed and of a luscious flavor2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,duc ,alfred de ,croy4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3afc1 fig4 #cgj4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efg4 #ahhd4 ,propagated and disseminated by ,m4 de ,jonghe1 ,brussels4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 regular and handsome1 smooth1 yellowish-green1 washed with pale brown on side next the sun2 flesh white1 tinted with green1 not very juicy1 but buttery1 rich and with a fine spicy flavor and perfume2 excellent2 ,nov4 ,duc d',aumale4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ia1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efh4 #ahhd4 ,a product of the ,van ,mons nursery at ,louvain where it first fruited in #ahdg4 ,fruit small1 turbinate-obtuse-pyriform2 skin rough1 greenish-yellow mottled all over with cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh whitish1 melting and juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,duc de ,brabant4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ib1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3bg1 fig4 #did4 #ahha4 ,sent by ,van ,mons as ,no4 #de to ,simon ,bouvier in ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 in #ahbg4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform-obtuse1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet1 marbled with fawn1 sometimes washed with red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 semi-breaking2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 acidulous2 good2 sometimes second2 ,oct4 ,duc de ,morny4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ie1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efh4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 and first published in #ahfb4 ,fruit large1 long-obtuse-pyriform1 bossed1 green1 mottled and dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 tender1 melting1 very juicy1 too acid1 little sugar or perfume2 second2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,duc de ,nemours4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3if1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efh4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,van ,mons at ,louvain in #ahbe4 ,fruit large and handsome1 obovate1 narrowing abruptly1 bright greenish or lemon-yellow1 even-dotted with russet and gray specks1 sometimes reddened on cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 melting1 rich1 sweet1 sprightly1 juicy1 perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,duchesse d',angoulme ,bronze4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 ,duchess ,bronze4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,a sub-variety of ,duchesse d',angoulme found in a garden of ,m4 ,weber1 ,dijon1 ,fr41 and introduced in #ahgc4 ,fruit large to very large1 differs from type by its skin being red-brown or bronze1 this feature being perfectly constant2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary2 first2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,duchesse d',angoulme ,panache4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ajb4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efi4 #ahhd4 ,a variegated form of ,duchesse d',angoulme1 the wood1 leaves and fruit being mottled with yellow and green4 ,in #ahdh it was attributed to ,m4 ,audusson1 who originated ,duchesse d',augoulme1 but ,leroy claims that it proceeded from his nursery in #ahdj4 ,duchesse ,anne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ajb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised in #ahfa by ,jacques ,jalais1 ,nantes1 ,fr4 ,fruit above medium1 like ,calebasse in form1 meadow-green1 slightly yellowish1 dotted with gray2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 melting2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 acidulous1 perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,duchesse d',arenberg4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ajc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ce1 fig4 #dih4 #ahha4 ,although distributed from the ,royal ,nurseries at ,vilvorde-lez-,bruxelles without mention of origin its name suggests ,belgium4 ,fruit medium and often larger1 turbinate-obtuse-oblate1 greenish-yellow passing to bright green on the side of the sun1 dotted with gray-russet2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 melting1 juicy1 gritty around the core2 sugary1 perfumed1 rather sour2 second2 ,aug4 ,duchesse de ,berry d't4 #a4 ,leroy ,dic4 ,pom4 #b3ajd4 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #efi4 #ahhd4 ,raised in a seed bed in the ,commune of ,saint-,herblain1 ,department of ,loire-,inferieure1 ,fr41 in #ahbg4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 yellow1 dotted with dark gray2 flesh very white1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 aromatic2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,duchesse de ,bordeaux4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aje1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egj4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aga4 #aibj4 ,beurr ,perrault4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3acc1 fig4 #fe4 #ahff-gc4 ,bordeaux4 #e4 ,cal4 ,com4 ,hort4 ,pear ,grow4 ,cal4 #g3,no4 #e1 #bdb4 #aiah4 ,m4 ,secher1 in the ,commune of ,montjean1 ,department of ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr41 bought in #ahej from ,m4 ,perrault1 ,montrevault1 some pear trees4 ,ten years passed away and then one of the trees produced the excellent fruit here described4 ,m4 ,secher invited many persons to taste it1 in particular ,,mm4 ,perrault and ,baptiste ,desportes4 ,later the variety fruited with ,m4 ,perrault and was named by him ,beurr ,perrault4 ,secher affirmed he had properly given the variety the name of ,duchesse de ,bordeaux4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright4 ,fruit large1 roundish-pyriform2 skin thick1 very tough1 rough1 greenish-yellow1 with mottlings and patches of russet2 stem rather long1 thick1 set in a moderately deep1 acute cavity2 calyx large1 open1 placed in a moderately deep basin2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 granular1 juicy1 mild2 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,duchesse de ,brabant4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ajg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egj4 #ahhd4 ,a posthumous seedling of ,van ,mons1 which gave its first fruit in #ahec4 ,fruit medium1 short-pyriform-obtuse2 skin thin1 smooth1 shining1 greenish-yellow2 flesh yellowish-white1 buttery1 melting2 juice abundant1 sweet1 savory2 good2 ,oct4 ,duchesse de ,brabant 7,de ,capeinick74 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ag1 fig4 #big4 #ahhj4 ,this variety1 obtained by ,m4 ,capeinick1 received medals at ,brussels and at ,tournai in #ahec4 ,fruit medium1 regular pyriform1 bright green and speckled with dots of gray-green1 becoming lemon-yellow at maturity1 washed with blood-red on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 rather fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 refreshing2 first2 ,sept4 ,duchesse de ,brissac4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ajh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,came from a seed bed of ,auguste ,benoist1 ,brissac1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr41 and ripened for the first time in #ahfa4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 rather irregular1 bright greenish-yellow1 spotted with russet2 flesh yellowish1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 aromatic2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,duchesse ,grousset4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ia4 #ahie4 ,fruit large1 elongated1 very obtuse at base2 bright yellow1 speckled with brown dots2 flesh fine1 very melting1 rather granular at center2 ,dec4 ,duchesse ,hlne d',orlans4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aji1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,from a seed bed made at ,louvain1 ,bel41 in #ahci by ,van ,mons2 it first fruited in #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 always somewhat distorted1 one side being longer than the other1 yellowish-green1 dotted and mottled with gray and russet1 carmined on the cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 melting1 very juicy1 acidulous1 sugary1 good flavor2 first2 ,sept4 ,duchesse d',hiver4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gdi4 #ahfi4 ,tardive de ,toulouse4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fic1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,barthre1 ,sr41 a nurseryman of ,toulouse1 ,fr41 found this pear in #ahde near ,calmont on one of his travels through southern ,france4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 characteristically small and pyramidal4 ,fruit large1 roundish-pyriform1 light yellow2 flesh white1 juicy2 matures in winter and late spring4 ,although not a pear of highest quality it is worthy of notice because of its large size and long keeping4 ,duchesse ,hybrid4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dha4 #aiac4 ,form resembles ,kieffer1 lemon-yellow2 flesh coarse2 poor2 ,oct4 ,duchesse de ,mars4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aaj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egj4 #ahhd4 ,origin uncertain2 generally attributed to ,belgium4 ,fruit medium1 obovate but variable1 yellowish-green1 russeted2 flesh buttery1 white1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 perfumed1 well flavored2 first class dessert pear2 ,nov4 ,duchesse de ,mouchy4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aab1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,from a wilding noted in #ahfb by the cur of ,breteuil1 ,oise1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 turbinate-obtuse1 bright olive-yellow1 dotted with gray-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 a little coarse1 semi-breaking1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 slightly perfumed2 second2 ,apr4 and ,may4 ,duchesse ,prcoce4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aac1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,came from a seed bed of ,duchesse d',angoulme made in #ahej by ,andr ,leroy4 ,fruit large and often very large1 ovate1 golden-yellow1 sprinkled with large greenish dots1 slightly carmined on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh very white1 breaking or semi-melting1 with seeds usually absent1 juicy1 sweet2 flavor agreeable2 second2 ,aug4 ,duchovaya4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahhg4 ,scented4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bcb4 #ahhe4 ,a ,central-,russian pear4 ,fruit medium to above1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellow1 russeted2 flesh coarse1 sweet1 juicy2 poor2 mid-season4 ,dudley4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3ajg4 #aijh4 ,originated with ,mr4 ,dudley1 ,boston ,highlands1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium long2 very good2 mid-season4 ,dumon-,dumortier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aae1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,from the ,van ,mons seed beds4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 yellowish-green1 dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 very fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 deliciously perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,dundas4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3fj4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,ibid4 #i3acb1 fig4 #ahdc4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gej4 #ahfi4 ,disseminated by ,van ,mons in #ahcd in which year it was sent to ,america to both ,r4 ,manning and ,w4 ,kenrick4 ,this pear is known in ,europe mostly under the names of ,rousselet ,jamin1 ,henri ,nicaise and ,hliote ,dundas or ,hloise ,dundas4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 greenish-yellow or yellow-ochre1 dotted with brown and gray and washed with beautiful carmine on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 with green veins1 between breaking and melting2 juice insufficient2 very handsome but wanting in quality2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,dunmore4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3aed4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ah3aei1 fig4 #aheb4 ,one of the best seedling pears raised by ,thomas ,andrew ,knight1 ,downton ,castle1 ,wiltshire1 ,eng4 ,it first fruited in #ahbb being then reported in this country by ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate2 skin slightly rough1 yellowish-green1 with russet patches1 brownish-red tinge next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 melting1 rich1 subacid1 juicy1 sprightly1 vinous1 perfumed and aromatic2 excellent2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,dupuy ,charles4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aah1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gej4 #ahfi4 ,louis ,berckmans1 ,augusta1 ,ga41 raised this pear in #ahdg from seed sent from ,ghent1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium to above1 like ,calebasse in form1 rough to the touch1 bright green1 dotted with russet2 flesh greenish-white1 very fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous2 flavor delicate and slightly musky2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,durandeau4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3abi4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 #aaa4 #ahfb4 ,de ,tongres4 #c4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3ae1 fig4 #ahee4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dhi4 #aheg4 ,originated from seed with ,charles ,louis ,durandeau1 ,tongres-,notre-,dame1 a village in ,hainaut1 ,bel41 probably about #ahbe4 ,tree fairly vigorous1 pyramidal1 an early and abundant bearer4 ,fruit medium large1 obovate-pyriform1 generally irregular2 skin thin1 covered with fine golden russet1 blushed with carmine on the exposed cheek2 flesh yellowish-white1 buttery1 very juicy1 vinous1 sprightly1 with an exquisite aroma and of first quality2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,dure4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gea4 #ahhd4 ,a wilding found by ,isaac ,hicks1 ,westbury1 ,n4 ,y41 and introduced by him before #ahfi4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-acute-pyriform1 pale yellow1 dotted and patched with russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-melting1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly musky2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,durst-,lsche4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aee4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 #ahji4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 greenish-yellow turning to yellow2 flesh breaking1 soft1 honey-sweet and aromatic2 good2 ,sept4 ,early ,ely4 #a4 ,tex4 ,nursery ,cat4 #aj4 #aiac4 ,originated on the grounds of ,silas ,ely of ,sherman1 ,tex41 and was introduced by the ,texas ,nursery ,company about #aijf4 ,said to be small1 yellow and good for both table and market4 ,early ,green ,sugar4 #a4 ,j4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #ea4 #aiba4 ,fruit large1 yellow1 blushed2 ,june4 ,easter ,bergamot4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gea4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egb4 #ahhd4 ,bergamote de ,pques4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bej1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,an old ,french pear of which ,merlet wrote in #afge1 calling it ,bergamote de ,pasques or the ,la ,grillire4 ,this variety was early known in ,england according to ,switzer who saw trees of it at ,hampton ,court growing against a wall said to have been erected by ,queen ,elizabeth and which had every appearance of having stood there since that time4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 narrowing toward the stalk1 grayish-green1 dull1 changing to pale yellow1 thickly dotted with brown2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 gritty1 breaking2 juice sweet1 acid1 with not much perfume or flavor2 second only1 on account of its extreme lateness2 ,mar4 to ,may4 ,eastern ,belle4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cb4 #ahgj4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ast ,app41 #abf1 fig4 #ahgb4 ,this pear originated with ,henry ,mc,laughlin1 ,bangor1 ,me4 ,tree hardy1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit of medium size1 obovate-pyriform2 skin pale yellow1 with nettings and patches of russet and many russet dots1 occasionally blushed with bright red2 flesh whitish-yellow1 coarse at center1 juicy1 half-melting1 sweet1 rich1 with a peculiar piquant aroma2 good2 ,sept4 ,echasserie4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3ahg1 ,pl4 ,,xxxii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gec4 #ahfi4 ,walnut4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ij4 #ahef4 ,besi de l',echasserie4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bfi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,the wilding from which this variety was derived was probably noticed about #affj and ,la ,quintinye before #afij spoke of it as having been in ,french gardens for twenty years4 ,it appears to have been a native of ,anjou1 where there are three places bearing the name given to it4 ,probably it had been locally cultivated under other names for a long time previous to its official recognition4 ,fruit medium to small1 globular-oval but variable1 always obtuse and bossed2 skin rough to the touch1 lemon-yellow dotted with fawn and with some patches of grayish-brown russet2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 with very small grits around the core2 juice extremely abundant1 acidulous1 saccharine1 with an after-taste of musk1 very agreeable2 first2 ,nov4 through ,jan4 ,edle ,sommerbirne4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cbg4 #ahha4 ,germany and ,holland4 ,fruit small1 pyriform and somewhat long-gourd-shaped1 smooth yellowish-green changing to yellow at maturity1 with reddish-brown on the side next the sun1 dotted and speckled with gray2 flesh fine1 semi-melting1 with a sweet1 agreeable1 aromatic flavor of rose2 good for dessert and first for kitchen use2 ,aug4 ,edward ,seedling ,st4 ,germain1 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ged4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3aee1 fig4 #dfb4 #ahhj4 ,raised by ,dr4 ,w4 ,d4 ,brinckl1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 globular-pyriform-obtuse1 a little irregular in form1 with its greatest diameter at the center2 skin somewhat thick and tender1 intense green at first1 sprinkled with grayish-black dots changing at maturity to bright citron-yellow1 some russet nettings and patches2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 slightly granular yet melting1 full of saccharine juice1 acidulous and delicately perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,effie ,holt4 #a4 ,j4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #ed4 #aiac4 ,said to have originated on the farm of ,l4 ,w4 ,holt near ,burlington1 ,n4 ,c42 introduced by ,j4 ,van ,lindley ,nursery ,company about #aijg4 ,tree healthy1 thrifty4 ,fruit large1 greenish-yellow2 flesh light yellow1 rich1 juicy2 season about the same as ,duchesse d',angoulme4 ,eliot ,early4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #eb4 #ahga4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #ea3fjb1 figs4 #bdb1 #bdc4 #ahib4 ,said to have been raised by ,judge ,charles ,eliot of ,windsor1 ,ontario1 ,canada1 from a cross between ,madeleine and ,doyenn d'te4 ,tree strong1 vigorous1 hardy1 an early and productive bearer4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 pale greenish-yellow1 brownish-red next the sun2 stem long1 slender1 curved2 cavity small1 russeted2 calyx closed or partially open2 base small2 flesh whitish1 half-fine1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly perfumed2 good to very good2 ,july4 lisa d',heyst4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3ii1 fig4 #ef4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3abe1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,major ,espren of ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,fruit small but sometimes medium1 ovate1 with an irregular outline1 grass-green1 dotted and stained with clear fawn2 flesh greenish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 very gritty around the core2 juice sweet1 abundant1 sugary1 slightly perfumed1 little flavor2 second2 ,mar4 ,elizabeth 7,edwards74 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #e4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3dda1 fig4 #cd4 #ahdf4 ,this pear was raised at ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 by ,governor ,edwards#cb and was first exhibited in #ahde4 ,fruit of medium size1 roundish-obtuse-pyriform1 slightly angular2 skin smooth1 pale lemon-yellow1 profusely sprinkled with very small1 pale russet dots and a few grayish-russet patches2 flesh white1 somewhat coarse1 melting1 very juicy1 slightly subacid1 with a vinous flavor2 ,oct4 ,elizabeth ,maury4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app41 #adg4 #ahgf4 ,a chance seedling on the ground of ,reuben ,maury1 ,charlottesville1 ,va4 ,fruit small1 oblate1 slightly elevated1 pale greenish-yellow1 sometimes with a shade of brown in the sun1 with many greenish dots2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 tender1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly vinous2 ,aug4 ,ellis4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #cj3cgj1 fig4 #ac4 #ahfd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gee1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed of ,seckel in #ahdc by ,annie ,e4 ,ellis1 ,new ,bedford1 ,mass4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy1 prolific4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 truncate1 slightly uneven1 greenish-yellow1 patched and mottled with russet1 sprinkled with many russet dots2 stem rather long1 rather stout1 set in a small cavity2 calyx large1 open2 basin uneven1 slight2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly vinous1 aromatic2 very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,ellis 7,new ,york71 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gef4 #ahfi4 ,downing says that there is another pear under the name of ,ellis grown in western ,new ,york1 entirely distinct from ,ellis4 ,the fruit is described as medium1 acute-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 shaded with crimson-red in sun1 with very small brown dots2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 vinous1 often astringent1 disposed to rot at the core2 good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,emerald4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gef4 #ahfi4 ,belgian4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 pale green1 with pale brownish-red next the sun and covered with russety dots2 flesh white1 melting1 buttery1 richly flavored1 subacid1 vinous2 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 mile d',heyst4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aca1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #agc4 #aibj4 ,a seedling raised by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 which fruited in #ahdg4 ,fruit medium and often larger1 ovate1 rather long1 irregular1 generally with sides unequal1 bossed1 bronzed1 dotted with fine specks2 flesh greenish1 fine and dense1 melting1 scented1 free from grit2 juice very abundant1 refreshing1 sugary1 slightly acid but very agreeably perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,enfant ,nantais4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #baj4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ib4 #ahie4 ,originated by ,m4 ,grousset of ,nantes1 ,fr4 ,tree vigorous and productive4 ,fruit large1 conic1 gray2 flesh fine1 buttery1 juicy1 aromatic but very slightly tart2 ,oct4 ,enfant ,prodigue4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #che4 #ahde4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3acc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,rousselet ,enfant ,prodigue4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdf4 #ahfi4 ,verschwenderin4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bic4 #ahhi4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling of about #ahcj4 ,fruit medium to large1 ovate but variable1 greenish-yellow1 largely obscured with cinnamon-colored russet1 more or less carmined on the side of the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 dense1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 aromatic1 acidulous1 astringent2 second2 ,sept4 pine d't4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ach1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #geh4 #ahfi4 ,an old pear grown in the gardens of the ,monastery of ,chartreux1 ,paris1 and stated in the catalog of that institution1 of #agcf1 to be identical with the pear ,bugiarda of ,italy4 ,this ,leroy has shown to be an error1 the ,bugiarda being the pear known in ,france as ,trompeur4 ,le ,lectier appears to have grown it in #afbh in his famous gardens at ,orlans1 though under the name of ,poire d',espine4 ,fruit above medium1 pyriform1 more or less obtuse1 bright green1 finely dotted with gray-russet and lightly colored with tender rose on the side of the sun2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary and musky2 a moderately good autumn pear2 ,sept4 pine d't ,rouge4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id1 #bgj4 #ahgf4 ,rother ,sommerdorn4 #b4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #ajh4 #ahbe4 ,french1 #ahje4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 slightly bossed1 light grass-green turning to yellow-green1 dark blush1 dotted2 flesh finely-grained2 juice somewhat deficient1 aromatic2 good for the table1 kitchen and market2 ,sept4 pine d',hiver4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #acb4 #agbi4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3ahd1 ,pl4 ,,xliv1 fig4 #c4 #agfh4 ,winter ,thorn4 #c4 ,bradley ,gard4 #aii4 #agci4 #d4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #daj4 #ahca4 ,a very old ,french pear1 reported as early as #afge4 ,tree healthy1 although not a strong grower1 and bears well4 ,fruit medium to above1 roundish-obovate1 smooth1 green becoming yellowish and irregularly covered with grayish-brown dots2 stem rather long1 fleshy at base1 inserted without depression2 calyx small1 open1 set in a rather shallow basin2 flesh whitish1 melting1 tender1 buttery1 with a sweet and agreeable musky flavor2 a dessert pear2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 pine de ,jernages4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium2 first2 ,mar4 pine du ,mas4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #a3,no4 #ca1 ,pl4 #ca4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dab1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,belle ,epine ,dumas4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ffh4 #ahfi4 ,dumas4 #d4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #de3dhj1 figs4 #bib1 #bic4 #ahhf4 ,a wilding found about #agfj by a ,m4 ,chemison in the forest of ,rochechouart near ,mas1 ,department of ,haute-,vienne1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 lively yellow or lemon-yellow1 finely dotted with brown and washed with carmine on the sun-exposed cheek2 flesh white1 fine1 tender1 melting1 sweet1 gritty at center1 juicy1 acid1 musky2 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 pine ,royale4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #geh4 #ahfi4 ,of ,french origin4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellowish1 blushed with bright red on the side next the sun2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous2 ,oct4 pine-,royale de ,courtray4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3abg1 fig4 #bef4 #ahgi4 ,origin not clear though mentioned in the ,bulletin of the ,society of ,van ,mons in #aheh4 ,fruit medium or large1 pyriform-obtuse1 green sprinkled with numerous brown dots1 changing to pale yellow at maturity1 with some red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 buttery1 juicy1 sugary1 pleasant2 handsome and good for transportation2 ,aug4 ,ermsinde4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fi4 #ahef4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3adc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a chance seedling found in the garden of ,m4 ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 and reported in #ahea4 ,fruit above medium1 in form variable from pyramidal to turbinate1 lemon-yellow1 dotted and marked with brown-russet1 and blushed with dark red on the exposed cheek2 second2 early ,oct4 ,ernestine ,auzolle4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #geh4 #ahfi4 ,of ,french origin4 ,fruit small1 globular-pyriform1 sometimes acute-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with a shade of brown in the sun1 often netted and patched with russet2 flesh rather coarse1 yellowish1 moderately juicy1 semi-melting1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,eseme4 #a4 ,ia4 ,soc4 ,hort4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahhj4 ,cultivated on the northern steppes of ,russia and introduced to this country by ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,iowa in #ahhj4 ,esperine4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3gc1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gei4 #ahfi4 ,by ,van ,mons from an undated seed bed2 it was first reported in #ahbf and dedicated to ,major ,espren1 the enthusiastic and distinguished pomologist of ,mechlin4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-ovate1 yellow with greenish tinge1 much dotted with greenish-gray-russet1 clouded with tender rose on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 full of juice1 sugary1 vinous1 refreshing1 perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,esperione4 #a4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #efa4 #ahhe4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 slightly pyriform1 yellow1 juicy1 melting1 perfumed2 ,sept4 ,essex4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gei4 #ahfi4 ,originated in the garden of ,w4 ,flack1 ,essex1 ,n4 ,y41 before #ahfi4 ,fruit below medium1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with many brown and green dots1 marbled with carmine in the sun2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 granular1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 ,esther ,comte4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ci1 fig4 #djd4 #ahhj4 ,cataloged by ,dauvesse of ,orlans in #aheg4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform1 bright green changing to yellow1 dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 rather fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 sugary1 delicately perfumed2 good2 winter4 ,estranguillon4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3adf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,according to ,charles ,estienne1 #aecj1 this pear was at that time well known to ,french gardeners4 ,first rate for making perry4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 yellowish1 dotted with gray and slightly tinted with rose on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 breaking or semi-melting1 very juicy1 without perfume2 ,sept4 ,esturion4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gei4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3da1 fig4 #dje4 #ahhj4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit rather small1 conic1 pale green changing to yellow1 tinged with light red on the side of the sun2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sweet and perfumed4 ,eugne ,appert4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3adh1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #acj4 #ahha4 ,raised from seed by ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 and first gave fruit in #ahfb4 ,it was introduced to this country about #ahha1 in which year it was described as of very superior quality and one of the best of the kinds recently introduced4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 bossed1 unequal1 grass-green1 with grayish stains and large dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 very fine and melting1 very full of sugary1 acidulous juice1 having an exquisite aroma2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,eugne ,furst4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3afg1 fig4 #dfh4 #ahhj4 ,a gain of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic1 very obtuse1 green changing to lemon-yellow1 dotted with brown and more or less washed with red-brown on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 with a characteristic perfume2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,eugne ,maisin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahgf4 ,under trial in the nurseries of ,simon-,louis ,bros4 of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit medium2 skin rough and grayish2 flesh melting2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,eugne des ,nouhes4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3adh1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3fe1 fig4 #abi4 #ahgh4 ,m4 ,parigot1 ,president of the ,imperial ,court of ,poitiers1 ,fr41 obtained this variety which he dedicated in #ahef4 ,fruit above medium1 obtuse-turbinate1 dark yellow1 dotted and stained with gray-russet1 slightly vermilioned on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 melting1 juicy1 vinous1 sweet1 delicately perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,eugne ,thirriot4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahgf4 ,produced and placed on the market in #ahfh by ,thirriot ,bros4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 pale greenish-yellow2 flesh melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 sugary1 perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,euratsfelder ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #gh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular2 skin smooth1 light yellow when ripe1 sprinkled with rather fine dots1 and russet speckles2 flesh rather white1 not very coarse1 agreeably subacid1 very juicy2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,eureka4 #a4 ,a4 ,m4 ,augustine ,cat4 #de4 #aiaf4 ,according to correspondence with ,a4 ,m4 ,augustine1 ,normal1 ,ill41 the introducer of this pear1 it was fruited in #aijj by a ,mr4 ,dickinson of ,eureka1 ,ill42 a chance cross between ,seckel and ,kieffer and shows characteristics of both parents4 ,tree reported similar to ,kieffer in leaf1 habit of growth and resistance to and recovery from blight4 ,fruit medium1 shaped like ,seckel2 skin delicate1 waxy1 bright yellow1 slightly russeted1 with a bright red cheek2 flesh flavor of ,seckel1 more solid1 longer keeper4 ,eva ,baltet4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cab1 fig4 #ahih4 ,from a seed bed of ,bartlett fertilized with ,flemish ,beauty4 ,it was exhibited at the ,international ,exhibition of ,st4 ,petersburg in #ahic4 ,fruit very large1 pyriform-truncated2 skin fine1 light cream passing into yellow1 dotted with brown1 extensively blushed with bright carmine2 flesh white1 fine1 juicy1 sugary and aromatic2 first2 ,nov4 but variable4 ,excellente de ,moine4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ei1 fig4 #cah4 #ahhj4 ,distributed by ,burgomaster ,rossy of ,schnburg1 in ,moravia1 ,austria1 in #ahce4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 globular-ovate1 grass-green1 dotted with gray-green specks2 flesh white1 rather greenish especially just under skin1 buttery1 juicy1 delicately perfumed2 good2 latter half of ,august4 ,excelsior4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aeh4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gei4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,francis ,dana1 ,boston1 ,mass41 raised about #ahfj4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with some russet and many brown dots2 flesh juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,eyewood4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3adi1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gei4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight about #ahbb at ,downton1 ,wiltshire1 ,eng4 ,fruit medium1 globular2 skin very thick1 greenish-yellow1 tinged with brown next the sun1 much covered with pale brown-russet and large dots2 flesh yellowish1 very tender and melting1 juicy1 sweet1 with a sprightly1 vinous flavor and fine aroma2 first1 but sometimes has too little perfume2 ,oct4 ,fall4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajb4 #ahge4 ,a natural tree planted at least as early as #afej by ,gov4 ,prince at ,eastham1 on ,cape ,cod4 ,fruit about the size of a hen's egg1 tapering towards both ends1 green1 nearly covered with thin russet1 of inferior quality4 ,in #ahcf it was a flourishing1 lofty tree1 producing an average of fifteen bushels of fruit4 ,fall ,beurr d',arenburg4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aai4 #ahge4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #age4 #ahha4 ,exhibited by ,asahel ,foote1 ,williamstown1 ,mass41 at the ,boston meeting of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahge as one of his seedlings4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 inclining to obtuse-pyriform1 pale greenish-yellow1 tinged with orange where well exposed1 sometimes blushed on the cheek next the sun1 slightly patched and netted and much dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 vinous1 musky2 very good2 ,oct4 ,famenga4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ei4 #ahdd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gei4 #ahfi4 ,a foreign variety exhibited in #ahdc by ,r4 ,manning1 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 greenish-yellow2 ,sept4 ,faurite4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #fi4 #ahdh4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate1 yellow1 shining1 tinged with red next the sun1 and having numerous reddish dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-melting1 slightly perfumed2 keeps nearly a year4 ,fauvanelle4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #adf4 #aiaa4 ,considered by ,m4 ,chasset1 ,secretary-general of the ,pomological ,society of ,france1 to be the finest of all cooking pears4 ,fruit long-pyriform1 bright green1 largely covered with fawn1 and rayed or washed with red on the sun-exposed cheek2 flesh yellowish-white1 very sugary1 giving a good red wine tone to the cooked fruit1 with an agreeable aroma2 very good for kitchen use4 ,favorite ,joanon4 #a4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bei1 fig4 #aijf4 ,obtained in #ahcc by ,m4 ,joanon1 at ,saint-,cyr-an-,mont-d',or1 ,rhne4 ,fruit medium to large1 turbinate2 skin smooth1 bright yellow1 dotted with gray1 flushed with rose at maturity2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 acidulous1 perfumed2 very good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,favorite ,morel4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 ,obtained from a seed of ,bartlett by ,m4 ,morel1 a nurseryman at ,lyons1 ,fr41 in #ahgd4 ,fruit rather large1 obtuse-pyriform1 suggesting in form a long ,bartlett1 somewhat bossed in outline2 skin a little rough1 passing from greenish-yellow to golden-yellow1 mottled with fawn2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 compact1 juicy1 fresh1 vinous1 acidulous2 first2 ,oct4 ,feast4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gei4 #ahfi4 ,originated with ,samuel ,feast1 ,baltimore1 ,md41 from seed of ,seckel4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with brown dots2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 ,flix de ,liem4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aea1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gei4 #ahfi4 ,a posthumous variety from the seedlings of ,van ,mons at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 #ahec4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate1 generally obtuse1 greenish-yellow1 very much mottled with dirty or dusky brown1 much speckled bronze-russet on side next the sun and some traces of crimson streaks2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 slightly perfumed2 second2 early ,nov4 ,flix ,sahut4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #aea4 #aijb4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,from ,passe ,colmar crossed with ,bartlett by ,arsne ,sannier2 new in #aijb4 ,fruit similar in appearance to ,passe ,colmar2 flesh fine1 juicy1 melting1 sugary1 with a very agreeable perfume2 very good2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,ferdinand ,gaillard4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,fruit large or very large2 skin smooth1 brilliant yellow all over2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 tender1 very melting1 juicy1 very sugary2 good or very good2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,ferdinand de ,lesseps4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aed1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,andr ,leroy in #ahfd4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 not very regular1 bright yellow1 extensively washed and marbled with brown-russet2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting2 juice very abundant1 acidulous1 very sugary1 with an exquisite flavor2 first2 early ,oct4 ,fertility4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #a3eee1 fig4 #ajj4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #agd4 #aibj4 ,raised by ,t4 ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth1 ,eng41 in #ahge1 from ,beurr ,goubault4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 even and regular1 entirely covered with a bright cinnamon coat of russet1 tinged with orange on the side next the sun2 flesh semi-melting or crackling1 very juicy1 sweet1 with a rich1 highly-perfumed flavor2 good2 ,oct4 ,figue4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3ahc4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egf4 #ahhd4 ,the pear described under this name by ,duhamel in #agfh is quite different from the pear ,figue d',alenon with which it has been confused1 the ,green fig of ,biedenfeld or ,longue ,verte of ,leroy4 ,origin uncertain4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 green and next the sun of a dull dark red1 entirely covered with numerous dots and patches of brown-russet2 flesh white1 tender1 buttery1 melting2 juice sweet1 sugary1 perfumed2 excellent early dessert pear2 ,sept4 ,figue d',alenon4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aef1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #de3bcc1 figs4 #aej1 #aea4 #ahhf4 ,obtained about #ahbi near ,alenon1 ,department ,orne1 ,fr4 ,fruit above medium1 sometimes large1 long1 very similar to the fig in form and color2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine and melting1 sugary1 acidulous and perfumed2 first but requiring a favorable soil and climate2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,figue de ,naples4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egg4 #ahhd4 ,this has been confused with ,figue d',alenon but is a distinct variety4 ,fruit above medium1 oblong1 greenish-yellow1 entirely covered with thin1 delicate russet1 dark reddish-brown on the side next the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 buttery1 melting1 with a rich1 sugary flavor2 excellent2 ,nov4 ,figueira4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dfc4 #aijf4 ,a variety introduced as new in #aijf by ,m4 ,bruant1 ,poitiers1 ,fr4 ,fruit of good size1 having rather the form of a large fig1 brilliant yellow1 colored with purple on the side of the sun1 of magnificent appearance2 flesh very white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 very sugary1 with an agreeable perfume2 first1 one of the best of the season2 ,july and ,aug4 ,fin ,juillet4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dgg1 fig4 #afi4 #ahih4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,hrault1 ,angers1 ,fr41 from ,beurr ,giffard crossed with ,joyau de ,septembre in #ahgi4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 ovate1 enlarged at center1 russeted all over2 flesh fine1 very melting1 rather subject to mellowness1 excessively juicy1 very sugary1 slightly acidulous and with a delicate1 musky savor2 good2 ,aug4 ,fin-,or d',orleans4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3afj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,fine ,gold of ,summer4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfj4 #ahfi4 ,an old pear mentioned by the earliest ,french writers4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 swelled1 obtuse1 golden-yellow1 dotted with carmine on the shaded side and bright red on the other cheek2 flesh greenish1 semi-fine and melting1 juicy1 sugary1 sourish1 rather delicate2 second2 ,aug4 ,fin-,or de ,septembre4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aef4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egg4 #ahhd4 ,under the names of ,finor and ,finoin ,claude ,saint-,etienne wrote of this pear in #afgj4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform-obtuse1 yellowish-green speckled with brown-fawn dots1 orange-yellow and brick-red on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 tender1 semi-breaking2 juice moderate1 sugary1 slightly acid1 without pronounced perfume2 third2 ,oct4 ,fitzwater4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gc4 #ahie4 ,originated in ,new ,york4 ,it resembles ,lawrence4 ,fruit small1 obtusely pyriform1 yellow partly covered with russet2 flesh very fine-grained and melting2 fair2 winter4 ,flemish ,bon ,chrtien4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfa4 #ahfi4 ,bon-,chrtien de ,vernois4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3dfi1 figs4 #ahfg4 ,of ,flemish origin4 ,it was widely propagated in ,england in #ahdj4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 green changing to yellow2 flesh yellowish-white1 crisp1 sweet1 perfumed2 an excellent stewing pear2 ,nov4 to ,mar4 ,fleur de ,neige4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3afc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,henri ,van ,mons4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghb4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,van ,mons between #ahcj and #ahce4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform1 narrowed toward the stalk1 greenish-yellow1 stained with russet and washed with dark brick-red on the cheek next the sun and dotted with carmine and maroon2 stem long1 slender2 calyx open in a small basin2 flesh white1 melting1 abounding in sugary juice1 with a pleasant perfume2 good to very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,florent ,schouman4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfb4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aec1 fig4 #gg4 #ahgb4 ,a posthumous gain of ,van ,mons propagated by the ,society ,van ,mons4 ,fruit nearly large1 globular-turbinate1 clear green1 speckled with large1 round1 gray-brown spots2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 sugary2 juice abundant1 vinous1 acidulous2 good2 ,oct4 ,florida ,bartlett4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,sp4 ,bul4 #cj3bh4 #aije4 ,received for trial in ,michigan in #aijj from ,stark ,bros41 ,louisiana1 ,mo4 ,fruit large1 roundish-oval1 tapering at both ends1 yellow1 with dark brown dots2 flesh greenish1 firm1 juicy1 half-breaking1 granular1 mild1 almost sweet1 perfumed2 fair2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,fluke4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #agd4 #aiji4 #b4 ,ibid4 #bhi4 #aiaj4 ,disseminated by ,n4 ,k4 ,fluke4 ,reported as hardy1 blight-resistant and better than ,kieffer4 ,fondante ,agrable4 #a4 ,horticulturist #d3hc4 #ahed4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahgf4 ,belgian2 described as new in #ahed by ,m4 ,p4 ,wilder4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 dull yellowish-green slightly russeted2 flesh tender1 juicy and melting1 pleasant1 refreshing1 with a delicate aroma2 very good2 ,aug4 ,fondante ,albert4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #ha1 fig4 #acg4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfb4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,albert ,boucqueau1 ,belgium4 ,it was propagated in ,france in #ahec4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic1 depressed at the poles1 green turning to yellow1 with large dots and markings of fawn1 flesh white2 semi-fine1 breaking1 granular about the center2 juice deficient1 but delicate1 vinous and aromatic2 second2 ,sept4 ,fondante d',angers4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3gi1 fig4 #ebj4 #ahha4 ,origin unknown1 probably ,french4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 turbinate2 skin fine yet a little firm1 clear green1 dotted with greenish-gray1 passing to yellow at maturity2 flesh white1 fine1 entirely melting2 juice abundant and sugary1 vinous1 acidulous2 first2 ,oct4 ,fondante de ,bihorel4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #edg4 #ahhh4 ,fruited in ,france about #ahff from seed of a common ,french country pear4 ,tree hardy4 ,fruit small or medium1 pyriform1 deep green passing to bright yellow1 speckled with gray dots1 touched with carmine on the side of the sun2 flesh delicate1 melting1 buttery1 without grit2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 acid1 well perfumed2 quality good2 ,july4 ,fondante de ,brest4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3afi1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egi4 #ahhd4 ,mentioned by ,claude ,saint-,etienne in #afgj under the name of ,inconnue du ,chesneau4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 ovate-pyriform1 more or less swelled1 smooth1 shining1 bright green changing to yellowish-green on the shaded side as it ripens1 and red1 mottled dark blood-red next the sun1 covered with small gray dots2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 breaking1 gritty1 juicy1 sugary1 perfumed1 rose-water flavor2 second2 ,oct4 ,fondante de ,charleville4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ib4 #ahie4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 regular in outline1 of a beautiful color2 flesh melting1 buttery1 of an agreeable flavor2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,fondante de ,charneau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3agj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #egi4 #ahhd4 ,a wilding found by ,m4 ,lgipont growing on his property at ,charneau1 in the ,province of ,lige1 ,bel41 at the beginning of the last century4 ,fruit large1 sometimes very large1 pyriform but uneven in outline1 pale greenish-yellow1 thickly dotted with large gray specks and sometimes vermilioned on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 very melting1 juicy1 scented1 sugary and rich2 excellent2 ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,fondante de ,cuerne4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3e1 fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #age4 #aibj4 ,this variety was found by ,reynaert ,beernaert in the environs of ,courtrai1 ,bel41 but the time of its first production is unknown4 ,fruit large1 conic-pyriform1 rather irregular in outline1 lemon-yellow1 with numerous ash-gray dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine and melting1 rather gritty about the core1 very juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 slightly aromatic2 second2 ,sept4 ,fondante des ,emmures4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 ,obtained from a seed of ,doyenn ,boussock by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 and placed on the market in #ahgc4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 clear yellow1 dotted with gray2 flesh yellowish1 sugary1 perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,fondante d',ingendal4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfc4 #ahfi4 ,belgian4 ,raised by ,m4 ,gambier and first published in #ahef4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 touched with gray and with red2 flesh fine1 melting2 good to very good2 ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,fondante de ,ledeberg4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahie4 ,belgian4 ,raised about #ahij4 ,fruit pale green1 dotted with brown2 flesh very melting1 white and slightly perfumed2 first2 ,mar4 and ,apr4 ,fondante de la ,maitre-cole4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3age1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfd4 #ahfi4 ,produced in the gardens of ,robert ,moreau1 growers at ,angers1 ,fr42 first tested in #ahfa4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 golden or orange-yellow1 dotted and mottled with fawn2 flesh fine1 yellowish1 breaking1 juicy1 vinous1 sugary and perfumed2 second2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,fondante de ,malines4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3bji4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3i1 fig4 #aheh4 ,raised by ,major ,espren at ,mechlin 7,malines71 ,bel41 in #ahdb4 ,fruit large1 globular-turbinate1 smooth1 of a deep golden-yellow with a crimson cheek in the sun1 spotted with crimson dots2 flesh white1 a little coarse1 buttery1 juicy1 sugary1 tart1 good but somewhat variable2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,fondante de ,mars4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3agg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin uncertain4 ,fruit above medium1 globular1 irregular1 more or less bossed2 skin rough1 greenish1 mottled and dotted with brown2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 breaking1 granular1 wanting in juice and sugar2 third2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,fondante de ,moulins-,lille4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3agh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,obtained in #aheh by ,m4 ,grolez-,duriez1 ,rouchin-lez-,lille1 ,fr41 from a seed of the pear ,napoleon4 ,fruit above medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 pale greenish-yellow2 flesh white1 coarse1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 with a delicious flavor2 first2 ,nov4 ,fondante de ,nees4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehj4 #ahhd4 ,fruit large1 long-obovate1 fine deep yellow1 mottled and dotted all over with pale brown-russet2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 lacking sufficient juice1 with a sprightly flavor2 second2 ,oct4 ,fondante du ,panisel4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #c3,no4 #ib1 ,pl4 #ib4 #ahfe4 ,dlices d',hardenpont d',angers4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ac1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,delices d',angers4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eeh4 #ahhd4 ,raised about #agfb by the ,abb ,hardenpont1 ,mons1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular or conic-ovate2 skin rough1 thick1 tender1 green1 almost entirely covered with marblings of olive-gray and dark green1 the basic green changing to golden-yellow1 and the stains to a russet-fawn on the side of the sun2 flesh citrine1 fine or semi-fine1 melting1 very juicy1 with a sugary flavor and a very agreeable perfume2 very good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,fondante des ,prs4 #a4 ,horticulturist #i3hj1 fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3agi1 #ahj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,belgische ,pomeranzenbirne4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr ,obstkunde #b3aei4 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons1 ,belgium1 #ahej4 ,fruit turbinate1 inclining to pyriform1 broad across the middle1 yellowish-green changing to clear lemon-yellow1 sometimes tinged with red next the sun2 flesh white1 melting1 sweet1 juicy1 aromatic2 very good2 ,oct4 ,fondante de la ,roche4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ahj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehj4 #ahhd4 ,found on the property of ,m4 ,chesneau of la ,haugrenire1 in the ,commune of ,sainte-,gemmes-sur-,loire and named by the ,horticultural ,society of ,maine-et-,loire4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 irregular1 clear russet1 washed with tender rose on the exposed cheek2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 aromatic1 with an agreeable musky taste2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,fondante de ,rome ou ,sucr ,romain4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3de1 fig4 #djb4 #ahhj4 ,origin uncertain4 ,fruit under medium1 conic-pyriform1 bright green changing to a beautiful golden-yellow1 washed on the side of the sun with crimson-red2 flesh yellowish1 somewhat coarse1 breaking1 sweet and juicy2 second2 ,aug4 ,fondante de ,saint-,amand4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahgf4 ,belgian4 ,fruit medium1 nearly spherical1 orange-yellow slightly touched with russet2 flesh fine1 sugary1 perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,fondante-de-,septembre4 #a4 ,horticulturist #ae3fh4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3acc1 fig4 #bei4 #ahgi4 ,gained by ,van ,mons about #ahbd or somewhat later4 ,fruit medium1 globular-pyriform1 dull green1 speckled with very fine brown dots1 changing to yellow and crimson at maturity2 flesh green1 transparent1 very fine and melting1 semi-buttery1 full of sugary juice1 pleasant and perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,fondante ,sickler4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3ag1 fig4 #i4 #ahgb4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eha4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 sometimes a little pyriform2 skin rather thick and firm1 clear green1 speckled with dots of a darker shade1 passing when ripe to lemon-yellow and golden on the side of the sun1 without any tinge of red2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 semi-buttery1 gritty about the core2 juice sufficient1 sugary and musky2 second2 ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,fondante de ,thines4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ahe1 fig4 #cha4 #ahhj4 ,distributed by the ,society of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 very bright green changing to pale yellow1 with a rosy blush2 flesh white1 with a tinge of yellow1 very melting1 plenty of sugary juice1 with a delicate and agreeable flavor of musk2 good2 ,oct4 ,fondante ,thirriot4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #dg1 #bff4 #ahie4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #age4 #aibj4 ,obtained in #aheh by ,m4 ,thirriott1 ,charleville1 ,ardenne1 ,fr4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform1 pale greenish-yellow1 dotted with gray-brown2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 juicy1 with an excellent flavor2 first2 ,dec4 ,fondante ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3bhi1 fig4 #ae4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eha4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,van ,mons and introduced to this country by ,r4 ,manning1 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 somewhat depressed2 skin thin1 delicate1 smooth1 removable like that of an orange when the pear is fully ripe and having a peculiar perfume and flavor1 very agreeable to some persons2 pale yellow1 mottled with thin cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 buttery1 sweet1 melting1 juicy1 with a musky perfume2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,fondante de ,wollmet4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eha4 #ahhd4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit has some resemblance both in shape and color to ,beurr de ,rance1 has the same coarseness of flesh1 which has a greenish tinge under the skin1 very juicy1 rather crisp1 with a fine brisk1 vinous flavor2 excellent2 ,nov4 ,fontarabie4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ahb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a ,french pear mentioned by ,le ,lectier of ,orlans in #afbh1 and ,merlet in #afge4 ,fruit above medium1 turbinate1 obtuse1 enlarged around the center1 bright yellow1 dotted with fine points of russet and extensively carmined on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 breaking1 gritty at core1 juicy1 sugary1 with an after-taste of musk2 second1 cooking only2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,foote ,seckel4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ii4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfe4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed of ,seckel by ,asahel ,foote1 ,williamstown1 ,mass4 ,fruit small1 oblate1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellow tinged with brownish-crimson on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 juicy1 melting1 sugary1 slightly vinous2 very good2 ,sept4 ,ford4 #a4 ,ford ,seed ,co4 ,cat4 #eb1 fig4 #aiad4 ,originated with ,m4 ,p4 ,ellison1 ,naples1 ,n4 ,y41 and was introduced by the ,ford ,seed ,company about #aiad4 ,the tree is reported as healthy1 a rapid grower1 and an early and productive bearer2 the fruit is similar in appearance to ,bartlett and as large1 practically free from seeds1 with no core to speak of1 rich1 sweet1 juicy1 ripening three weeks later than ,bartlett4 ,forme de ,bergamotte ,crassane4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ahf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gff4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons which gave its first fruits in #ahdd4 ,fruit above medium1 turbinate1 slightly obtuse1 yellowish-green1 speckled with large gray-russet dots2 flesh yellowish1 rather fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 aromatic2 good2 early ,nov4 ,forme de ,curtet4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3i1 fig4 #aja4 #ahgh4 ,a gain of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit small1 exactly turbinate2 skin fine1 thin1 bright green1 sprinkled with very small grayish-green dots1 changes on ripening to lemon-yellow1 lightly tinged with red2 flesh white1 semi-fine and breaking2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 slightly perfumed2 second2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,forme de ,dlices4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #chh4 #ahde4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehb4 #ahhd4 ,a ,flemish pear4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 yellow1 almost entirely covered with rather rough brown-russet2 flesh tender1 buttery1 melting1 with a rich1 sweet flavor2 an excellent dessert pear2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,fortune4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #adc4 #ahff4 ,one of ,dr4 ,shurtleff's seedlings raised at ,brookline1 ,mass42 first fruited in #ahff4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 golden-yellow1 with russet spots2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy and very sweet2 first2 ,oct4 ,fortune4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dcf4 #ahde4 ,bergamotte ,fortune4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3bi1 fig4 #aheg4 ,fortune de ,printemps4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ahh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a ,belgian wilding found near ,enghien in ,hainaut2 disseminated about #ahcj4 ,fruit small1 globular or globular-turbinate2 skin rough to the touch1 deep yellow1 covered with flakes and lines of brown-russet2 flesh semi-melting1 juicy1 sweet2 a cooking pear2 ,may and ,june4 ,fortune ,boisselot4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ahg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised from a bed of seeds of ,fortune by ,auguste ,boisselot1 ,nantes1 ,fr42 it gave its first fruit in #ahfa4 ,fruit large or above medium1 turbinate1 very obtuse and enlarged around center2 skin thick and rough1 greenish-yellow or yellow-ochre2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 gritty around the core1 juicy1 sugary1 delicate1 somewhat aromatic2 first2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,fortune ,suprieure4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aij4 #ahfi4 ,this was obtained by ,m4 ,flon1 ,angers1 ,fr41 about #ahej from a bed of seeds of ,fortune4 ,in #ahed ,m4 ,flon submitted it to the ,horticultural ,society of ,maine-et-,loire which found its flesh very fine1 very melting1 agreeably perfumed and more free from acidity than the old pear ,fortune1 and therefore gave it the name ,fortune ,suprieure2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,fourcroy4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aib1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,van ,mons about #ahaj4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform2 skin thick1 rather rough to the touch1 yellow or yellowish-green1 covered with gray-russet dots2 flesh white1 very sugary1 agreeably perfumed2 good and sometimes first2 winter4 ,fouron4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ace1 fig4 #edh4 #ahha4 ,french4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 dark olive-green1 dotted with grayish-white spots1 large and numerous2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 melting1 with abundant sugary juice1 vinous1 sprightly and musky2 good2 ,oct4 ,franc-,ral4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3ahj4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aid1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,franc ,ral d',hiver4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gff4 #ahfi4 ,mentioned by ,charles ,estienne in #aedj1 and other ,french authorities of the seventeenth century4 ,fruit above medium and often larger1 globular-turbinate and bossed1 golden-yellow1 strewed with large russet dots1 and some brownish-red patches2 flesh very white1 breaking1 juicy1 hardly sweet1 rather acid1 without perfume2 first for cooking2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,frances4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aa3beb4 #ahde4 ,a seedling raised by the ,hon4 ,h4 ,w4 ,edwards of ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 and first published in #ahde4 ,similar to ,virgouleuse1 rather large1 and not so sweet4 ,franchimont4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gff4 #ahfi4 ,supposed ,french origin4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-oblate1 yellow shaded with red in the sun1 netted and patched with russet1 many russet dots2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 semi-melting1 sweet1 slightly aromatic2 good or very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,franchipanne4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3baj1 ,pl4 ,,xlvii1 fig4 #b4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehb4 #ahhd4 ,frangipane4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aif1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this is the ,franchipanne of ,duhamel but not of ,merlet1 #afij1 as ,hogg and ,leroy prove4 ,its origin is uncertain4 ,fruit medium or above1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellowish-green or lemon-yellow1 dotted and veined with russet1 dark deep red next the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 juicy1 tender1 buttery1 perfume supposed to resemble ,frangipani1 a scent invented by the ,marquis of that name2 a dessert pear2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,francis4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,dr4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 which fruited in #ahfb4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate2 skin tough and rather liable to crack1 dark green2 flesh fine-grained1 white and delicate1 with a flavor inclining to that of ,white ,doyenn2 first2 ,nov4 ,francis ,dana4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hj4 #ahgg4 ,one of several seedling plants given by ,francis ,dana to ,eliphalet ,stone who in #ahgg showed its fruit4 ,fruit medium1 globular-acute-pyriform1 clear lemon-yellow1 with tracings of thin russet2 flesh buttery1 juicy1 good quality but not up to best2 ,sept4 ,franois ,hutin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ib4 #ahie4 ,fruit very large1 long-turbinate1 dark yellow2 flesh fine1 white1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acid2 ,oct4 ,frangipane d',hiver4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3aje1 fig4 #ecc4 #ahha4 ,origin unknown4 ,is not to be confused with ,franchipanne1 a smaller ball pear4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 much swelled at center2 skin thin1 intense green1 sprinkled with numerous dots of a darker shade1 changing to lemon-yellow at maturity1 with some blush of brown-red or orange-red2 flesh white1 breaking1 not very sweet1 somewhat acidulous1 with an aromatic flavor2 suitable for kitchen use2 all through the winter4 ,frankenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agc4 #ahef4 ,wrtemberg1 ,germany1 #ahcj4 ,fruit medium1 oval-obtuse1 variable1 bossed1 grass-green changing to golden-yellow1 blushed with reddish-brown2 flesh whitish1 breaking1 fairly soft1 very aromatic1 acidulous1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 ,frankfurter ,birne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ade4 #ahef4 ,baden1 ,germany1 #ahdg4 ,fruit large1 variable in form1 often oblique1 dirty yellow1 brilliant red on the sun-touched side2 flesh breaking1 coarse-grained1 very sweet and juicy2 good2 ,sept4 ,frau ,louise ,goethe4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #be3acb4 #ahii4 ,raised from a seed of ,bergamotte ,espren1 in the ,horticultural ,school of ,geisenheim in #ahhb4 ,fruit medium1 ,bergamot-shaped2 skin thick1 coarse1 dark green1 covered with fine warts1 becoming a clouded yellow when ripe1 with russety patches2 flesh clouded yellow1 sometimes salmon colored1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic1 with an aroma reminiscent of the orange2 winter4 ,frederic ,leclerc4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aih1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehc4 #ahhd4 ,raised in #ahdf at ,ghent1 ,bel41 by ,louis ,berckmans4 ,fruit below medium1 short-pyriform-obtuse1 one side always less curved than the other1 greenish-yellow1 dotted1 striped1 veined and stained with fawn2 flesh whitish1 fine1 semi-melting1 slightly gritty2 juice sugary1 rich2 second and sometimes first when its juice is abundant2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,frdric de ,wurtemberg4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #agc4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3aii1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,mdaille d',or4 #c4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3ia1 fig4 #ahec4 ,herbstsylvester4 #d4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 #b3,no4 #hb1 ,no4 #hb4 #ahhc4 ,van ,mons raised this variety from seed of the fourth generation about #ahab and named it ,sylvester d',hiver after a secretary by the name of ,sylvester4 ,upon the request of ,frederick ,i1 ,king of ,wrttemburg1 the pear was dedicated to that monarch and named ,frdric de ,wurtemberg4 ,still further confusion arose in ,america when ,knight of ,england sent to the ,hon4 ,john ,lowell of ,massachusetts this fruit1 by mistake1 under the name of ,capiaumont4 ,it was cultivated in the vicinity of ,boston by that name for some time4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 an early and excellent bearer2 leaves roundish1 broad1 flat1 entire4 ,fruit large1 one-sided1 obtuse-pyriform1 deep yellow1 marbled and dotted with red on the shaded side and of a most beautiful1 bright crimson next the sun2 stem medium1 sometimes appearing a continuation of the fruit2 calyx medium1 partially open1 placed even with the surface2 flesh white1 fine1 juicy1 melting1 sweet and when in perfection buttery and good2 ,sept4 ,frederica ,bremer4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3bd1 fig4 #a4 #ahej4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3ha1 fig4 #ahei4 ,introduced by ,j4 ,c4 ,hastings of ,oneida ,co41 ,n4 ,y41 in #ahdh at the exhibition of the ,pomological ,convention of ,new ,york4 ,fruit above medium1 globular-turbinate2 skin very smooth1 shining1 dull green reminding one of many poor pears but on ripening becomes a fine citron1 dotted with brown-russet and slightly colored with red on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 sweet and vinous1 slightly perfumed2 one of the best2 ,oct4 ,fremion4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gc4 #ahef4 ,french1 #ahjg4 ,bergamot type4 ,fruit small1 globular1 symmetrical1 light green changing to light lemon-yellow1 faintly blushed2 flesh agreeable1 buttery1 gritty near the center1 aromatic1 sweet1 acidulous2 good2 ,oct4 ,frensdorff rothe ,flaschenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adj4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,bel41 #ahcc4 ,fruit medium1 smooth and shining1 light yellow1 blushed2 flesh very juicy1 sweet1 with flavor of cinnamon2 good2 ,sept4 ,florimond ,parent4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3afd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfb4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons raised about #ahdf4 ,fruit large1 long1 more or less obtuse1 always contracted near the summit and much swelled in its lower part1 dark yellow clouded with pale green1 dotted and mottled with fawn and slightly washed with dark violet-red on the side exposed to the sun1 sometimes also covered with small1 black and scaly stains2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 rather melting1 gritty at center2 juice abundant1 sweet1 sugary1 wanting in perfume2 third2 ,sept4 ,frhe ,backhausbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afa4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,bel41 #ahjf4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 yellowish1 light green changing to pale yellow1 often blushed2 flesh granular1 rather astringent1 sourish1 musky1 good for any situation2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,frhe ,schweizer ,bergamotte4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gf4 #ahef4 #b4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bda4 #ahha4 ,holland1 #ahjd4 ,fruit fairly large1 variable in form1 often ovate1 ventriculous-turbinate1 and often pyriform1 yellowish-light green changing to lemon-yellow1 sprinkled with green and yellow-gray dots1 marked with russet and often with fine yellow-gray russet on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh snow-white1 buttery1 melting1 very juicy1 acidulous and aromatic2 first2 ,aug4 ,fuller4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #cjb4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bac4 #ahig4 ,originated in ,madison1 ,o41 about #ahhe4 ,fruit similar in size1 form and season to ,beurr ,giffard but not quite so good4 ,it is1 however1 claimed that it is a better grower and less liable to crack2 greenish-yellow2 ,aug4 ,fullero4 #a4 ,montreal ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hb4 #ahhf4 ,fruit rather large1 greenish1 with some dull red on the sunny side2 first2 early summer4 ,fulton4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3bad4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gfh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated on the farm of a ,mr4 ,fulton in ,brunswick1 ,me4 ,exhibited before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahbi4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 dark yellow1 russeted2 flesh1 if picked and matured in the house1 buttery1 melting1 full of rich juice4 ,if allowed to remain on the tree it becomes breaking1 dry and without flavor4 ,a peculiarity of this pear first discovered by ,manning in #ahdj is that the fruits after they have attained half their size1 are in good eating condition after lying a day or two2 second2 ,oct4 ,fuse d',automne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bjc1 figs4 #ahfi4 ,origin ancient and obscure1 but probably the neighborhood of ,eisleben1 ,saxony4 ,fruit often above medium and often much less1 very long1 conic1 bossed1 golden-yellow or clear yellow1 rather greenish1 dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 exempt from grit2 juice rather lacking1 sweet2 third2 ,sept4 ,fuse d',hiver4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bje1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,first described by ,merlet in #afij4 ,fruit above medium and sometimes less1 long and bossed1 somewhat obtuse1 wrinkled1 clear green1 freely dotted1 mottled with gray-russet2 flesh white1 semi-melting2 juice abundant1 rather sugary1 slightly acid1 without pronounced scent2 third2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,gabourell ,seedling4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bhj4 #aheh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bjh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated in early half of last century4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 bossed1 mammillate1 yellowish-green1 speckled with gray dots2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 breaking1 gritty2 juice rather lacking1 sweet1 vinous1 slightly perfumed2 third2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,gakovsky4 #a4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bdf4 #aijc4 ,introduced from ,russia in #ahgi4 ,tree extremely hardy4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 stem long2 flesh dingy white1 fine-grained1 buttery1 juicy1 mild1 vinous1 but not rich2 good4 ,galston ,muirfowl ,egg4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehc4 #ahhd4 ,scotch4 ,fruit below medium1 short-obovate1 flattened at calyx1 greenish-yellow1 covered with thin1 pale-brown russet1 mottled with red on the side of the sun2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 sweet and juicy1 with a peculiar aroma2 excellent2 ,sept4 ,gans4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #cij1 ,pl4 ,,vii4 #ahia4 ,found by ,joseph ,gans in a wood near ,cheviot1 ,o41 in #ahga4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 yellow1 with faint brownish cheek on sunny side2 stem slender1 rather long1 in a slight depression2 calyx open1 in a shallow basin2 flesh tender1 melting1 juicy2 ,aug4 ,gnsekopf4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adh4 #ahef4 ,north ,german1 #aggc4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 smooth and shining1 green1 changing to yellow1 with brownish-red blush2 flesh breaking1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,gansel ,bergamot4 #a4 ,brookshaw ,pomona #b3,pl4 ,l4 #ahag4 #b4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #a3ce1 ,pl4 #ahbh4 ,diamant-peer4 #c4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3ib1 #ace4 #agga4 ,bergamote ,gansel4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bci1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed of ,autumn ,bergamot by ,lieutenant-,general ,gansel near ,colchester1 ,eng41 in #agfh4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 greenish-yellow on the shaded side1 reddish-brown on the side of the sun1 dotted and marbled with russet1 sometimes washed with red2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 a little gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinous1 slightly musky and acid2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,gansel ,late ,bergamot4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cfi4 #ahed4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bid4 #ahff4 ,bergamotte ,tardive de ,gansel4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #abe1 fig4 #fa4 #ahff-gc4 ,gansel ,late ,bergamot was raised from seed by a ,mr4 ,williams1 ,pitmaston1 ,eng4 ,fruit similar in shape and size to ,gansel ,bergamot1 green1 thickly covered with russet dots and freckles which sometimes form patches1 yellow-green when ripe1 flesh white1 rather coarse and gritty1 not very juicy nor melting in ,england2 in ,france and ,america1 however1 it seems to become more juicy1 melting and rich1 vinous and highly perfumed2 good to very good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,garnier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bji1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,besi ,garnier4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ejf4 #ahhd4 ,from a seed bed made by ,m4 ,garnier1 ,bouvardire1 near ,nantes1 ,fr42 first published in #ahea4 ,fruit large1 pyriform-obtuse1 skin rough1 thick1 green1 orange-yellow when ripe1 washed with brick-red on the side of the sun2 dotted and mottled with brown-russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 rather granular1 juicy1 sugary2 second4 ,garnons4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #afa4 #ahda4 ,fruit large1 oblong1 greenish-yellow1 flesh buttery and excellent2 second2 ,jan4 ,gassenbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aej1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 symmetrical in contour1 green changing to yellow at maturity1 covered with gray-brown russet1 dotted with brown-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather coarse texture1 very juicy and subacid2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,gaston du ,puys4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ic4 #ahie4 ,distributed by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting1 sufficiently sweet and perfumed2 good2 ,nov4 ,gaudry4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehe4 #ahhd4 ,fruit small1 globular-ovate1 even in outline1 straw-colored1 covered with russet dots and patches2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 brisk1 vinous and sweet1 with a pleasant rose-water flavor2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,gant4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bhj4 #aheh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3baj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,probably of ,french origin4 ,cataloged in this country by ,t4 ,w4 ,field in #aheh4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate2 skin wrinkled1 thick1 dark green speckled with gray-russet and almost entirely stained with brown2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 breaking1 watery1 very gritty around the core2 juice sugary1 vinous1 slightly perfumed2 third4 ,gefleckte ,pomeranzenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aef4 #ahef4 ,hesse1 ,germany1 #ahcc4 ,fruit small1 globular1 flattened at poles2 skin rough1 yellow1 often green1 marbled with russet1 blushed1 dotted with russet2 semi-melting1 granular1 very aromatic2 ,sept4 ,gefleckte ,sommerrusselet4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3db4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,bel41 #ahjg4 ,fruit small1 globular1 shortened1 blunt1 symmetrical2 skin rough1 often entirely covered with russet and blushed2 flesh very juicy1 coarse-grained1 sweet and acid1 melting and aromatic2 first2 ,sept4 ,gefundene4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ia4 #ahef4 ,belgian1 ,van ,mons1 #ahcc4 ,fruit small1 light yellow1 often entirely covered with russet1 free from dots2 flesh fine1 strongly aromatic1 with scent of cinnamon1 sweet2 ,sept4 ,geigenschnabel4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aie4 #ahef4 ,wrttemberg1 ,ger41 #ahcj4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 uneven in outline1 entirely covered with yellowish-gray russet2 good2 ,oct4 ,geishirtle4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #edh4 #ahag4 ,fruit large1 shaped like ,winter ,rousselet1 green with brownish-red blush on the sun-touched side2 flesh soft1 breaking1 sweet1 juicy1 with perfume of the ,rousselets2 ,aug4 ,gelbe frhe ,sommerapothekerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agg4 #ahef4 ,of ,french origin1 #ahjg4 ,fruit medium and above2 skin glazed and smooth1 greenish-yellow changing to lemon-yellow1 with red blush on the side of the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 gritty1 soft2 good2 ,aug4 ,gelbe ,frsten-,tafelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ed4 #ahef4 ,widely diffused in ,germany4 ,probably originated in that country about #agff4 ,fruit medium1 rather shortened-pyriform1 whitish-yellow changing to golden-yellow1 with pale blush1 green dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 mild1 breaking1 full of juice and sugar2 first2 ,sept4 ,gelbe ,heckenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afa4 #ahef4 ,grown along the ,rhine1 ,germany4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 broad1 light green changing to yellowish-green1 often lightly blushed1 russeted2 flesh greenish-white1 rather granular1 acid1 vinous1 breaking2 first2 ,sept4 ,gelbe ,holzbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #hj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic2 skin firm1 shining yellow when ripe1 speckled with numerous green markings and finely dotted with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 granular1 very juicy1 astringent1 subacid2 good for transportation2 ,oct4 ,gelbe ,landlbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aeb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small to medium1 long-pyriform1 rather obtuse2 skin firm1 green turning yellow1 dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 very juicy1 astringent and subacid2 good for transportation2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,gelbe langstielige ,alantbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adj4 #ahef4 ,german ,rheinland4 ,fruit medium and above1 somewhat gourd-shaped2 skin smooth and thin1 uniformly lemon-yellow1 somewhat marked with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 wanting in juice1 sweet1 aromatic2 third for table1 good for market2 ,sept4 ,gelbe ,laurentiusbirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bah4 #ahhi4 ,saint-,laurent ,jaune4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ci1 #bab4 #ahgi4 ,this pear was known in ,saxony early in the nineteenth century4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 uniform in contour1 its largest diameter being below the center2 skin rather thick1 green at first sprinkled with dots of gray-green changing at maturity to bright citron-yellow1 golden on the side of the sun of fruits well exposed1 washed with a blush of dull red2 flesh white1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 gritty near the core1 juicy1 sweet1 saccharine1 but little flavor2 second2 ,aug4 ,gelbe ,leutsbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ajf1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a ,lower-,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small1 long-pyriform1 diminishing to the stalk1 sides unequal2 light green turning yellow when ripe1 russet dots2 flesh juicy and subacid2 first for keeping and transportation2 ,oct4 ,gelbe ,scheibelbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #hb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian pear producing a good and clear perry4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular1 flattened at both poles1 green changing to yellow at maturity1 dotted with grayish-white2 flesh yellow-white1 coarse-grained1 with a sweet and acid flavor2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,gelbe ,wasserbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ab1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown in ,lower ,austria4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-obtuse but diminishing toward stalk in upper part1 yellow-green1 slightly blushed on the sun-touched side1 and speckled on the shaded side with dark green dots2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 very sweet and slightly acidulous2 good for transportation2 ,sept4 ,gelbmostler4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ajh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry or wine pear grown in ,austria and northern ,switzerland4 ,fruit medium to fairly large1 globular and diminishing rather acutely to the stalk1 greenish-yellow changing to light yellow1 often slightly blushed1 speckled with russet dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse-grained1 juicy1 very astringent1 quickly becomes over-ripe2 ,sept4 ,gemeine ,kochbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aed1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small1 globular-conic1 green changing to greenish-yellow at maturity1 occasionally with a dark red blush on the sun-exposed side2 flesh yellowish-white1 very juicy1 saccharine1 astringent and acidulous2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,gemeine ,pfundbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahg4 #ahef4 ,upper-,austria1 #ahea4 ,fruit above medium1 globular-turbinate1 medium convex1 bossed1 green turning to light yellow2 flesh breaking1 wanting in juice1 sweet2 third for dessert1 best for culinary use2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,gnral de ,bonchamp4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3baa1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,horticulturist #cj3b4 #ahge4 ,a seedling found on the estate of ,m4 ,panneton1 ,coteau1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 variable in form1 oblong-pyriform or globular-turbinate1 dull greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet2 flesh white1 melting1 buttery1 fine-grained1 juicy1 sweet1 rich1 aromatic2 good to first2 ,aug4 ,gnral ,bosquet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bac1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggj4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,flon-,grolleau1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,the seed bed from which the tree sprang was made in #ahde4 ,fruit large1 conic1 very long1 rather swelled at the base and narrowed at the upper end2 skin thick1 grass-green1 dotted and mottled with fawn and often bearing some small brownish stains2 flesh whitish1 fine1 semi-melting or melting1 rather granular at center2 juice abundant1 sweet1 vinous1 delicate2 second2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,gnral ,canrobert4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bad1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggj4 #ahfi4 ,from a bed of the seeds of ,saint-,germain made about #ahdc by ,m4 ,robert1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 long-conic and irregular1 golden-yellow1 dotted1 marbled and stained with russet1 washed with brown around the calyx and stem2 flesh white1 fine1 melting and juicy1 the juice being abundant1 sweet1 acid1 rich and aromatic2 first1 though very exceptionally second when it has no flavor2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,gnral ,delage4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3aee1 fig4 #bgj4 #ahgi4 ,a gain of ,van ,mons about #ahbc4 ,fruit medium1 conic-pyriform1 clear green1 speckled with gray1 changing to pale yellow at maturity1 tinged with dark red on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 full of slightly sugary juice1 refreshing and somewhat musky4 ,gnral ,dutilleul4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bae1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehe4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium to large1 pyramidal1 uneven in outline1 deep golden yellow1 extensively washed with bright crimson where it is exposed to the sun2 flesh firm1 not very juicy1 sweet1 of good flavor2 good2 ,sept4 ,gnral ,duvivier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bag1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,beurr ,duvivier4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #fhh4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 in #ahde4 ,fruit medium1 long-conic1 slightly obtuse1 greenish-yellow1 finely dotted and reticulated with russet1 washed sometimes with dark red on the side facing the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 semi-melting1 watery1 not gritty2 juice plentiful1 sugary1 acidulous1 aromatic1 delicate2 first2 ,mar4 ,general ,kearney4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 which fruited in #ahfb4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 greenish-yellow2 flesh fine-grained1 juicy1 of rather high flavor2 a good market pear2 ,sept4 ,general ,lamoricire4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ah3bif1 fig4 #bb4 #aheb4 ,according to ,leroy this name is synonymous with ,beurr ,citron4 ,mas1 however1 thought that ,beurr ,citron was quite different4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyramidal1 greenish-yellow1 much reticulated and spotted and patched with russet2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 melting1 tender1 buttery2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinous and perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,general ,sherman4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahff4 ,a seedling of ,dr4 ,shurtleff's submitted to the committee on fruits of the ,horticultural ,society of ,massachusetts in #ahff4 ,fruited in #ahef4 ,diam4 #b-c_/d in42 flesh white1 melting1 breaking and juicy2 ,november to ,december1 turbinate4 ,general ,taylor4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3ge1 #bfi4 #ahed4 ,introduced by ,l4 ,n4 ,rogers1 ,baltimore1 ,md41 the original tree having been found by him at ,franklin1 ,md41 in #ahed4 ,fruit medium or under1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 yellow but practically all cinnamon-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 granular1 buttery1 melting1 sweet1 highly flavored2 good to very good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,gnral ,thouvenin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ic4 #ahie4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit medium1 greenish2 flesh rather yellow1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 very sugary and pleasantly perfumed2 ,dec4 ,gnral ,totleben4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3eg1 fig4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #agg4 #aibj4 ,m4 ,fontaine de ,ghlin1 ,mons1 ,bel41 raised this variety from a seed bed made in #ahci4 ,fruit large or very large1 pyriform1 slightly contorted1 one side often rather longer than the other1 yellow1 covered with dots and patches of russet2 flesh tinted with salmon-rose1 melting1 juicy1 with a rich1 sugary and perfumed juice2 excellent2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,general ,wauchope4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #cj3dgd1 fig4 #add4 #aija4 ,raised about #ahhh by ,charles ,ross1 gardener to ,captain ,carstairs1 ,welford ,park1 ,newbury1 ,eng41 from a cross of ,nec ,plus ,meuris and ,duchesse d',angoulme4 ,fruit moderate size1 obtuse-pyriform1 very regular1 yellowish-green1 with fine spotting2 flesh soft1 free from grit1 rich1 sweet1 somewhat of the flavor ,nec ,plus ,meuris2 ,dec4 ,gensbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #cb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry and wine pear4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 diminishing toward the stalk from the center2 skin tolerably fine and shining yellow when ripe1 densely and finely dotted with russet2 flesh white1 coarse-grained1 juicy1 subacid1 astringent2 ,sept4 ,george ,augustus4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ia4 #ahgb4 ,a seedling exhibited to the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahgb by ,francis ,dana4 ,fruit similar to ,winter ,nelis1 but larger and more oblong1 and not quite so rich4 ,georges ,delebecque4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahie4 ,raised from seed of ,josphine de ,malines and distributed by ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 having some resemblance to ,urbaniste1 yellow1 dotted with fawn and bronzed around the stem2 flesh sometimes very salmon-colored1 melting1 with a slight perfume of rose2 a good pear for the amateur2 tree of moderate vigor and very fertile2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,gerando4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bc3afa1 fig4 #i4 #aheg4 ,received by ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey in #ahde from ,m4 ,jamin of ,paris4 ,fruit large1 globular-obovate2 skin rather rough1 dull greenish-russet1 with a mottled yellow and light russet tinge when mature1 thickly covered with conspicuous dark russet specks2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 melting and juicy1 rich1 sugary and slightly perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,grardine4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aai1 fig4 #aef4 #ahgh4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 early in the nineteenth century4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 more or less short and swelled1 reducing to a point at the top2 skin thick1 firm1 intense green dotted with large brown specks1 changing to dark yellow at maturity1 with golden-russet on the side of the sun and some red blush2 flesh white1 rather fine1 buttery1 melting1 gritty about the center1 full of rich sugary juice1 vinous and highly scented2 ,nov4 ,gerdessen4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3fa1 fig4 #bbc4 #ahgi4 ,according to ,diel1 this variety was obtained by the ,pastor ,gerdessen of ,weigsdorf1 in the ,oberlausitz1 ,ger4 ,fruit rather small or nearly medium1 almost spherical1 even in contour1 the greatest diameter being at the center1 intense and somber green1 without any russet2 flesh yellow1 rather fine1 buttery2 juice sufficient in quantity and richly saccharine1 vinous and highly perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,gerippte ,pomeranzenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aef4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,bel41 #ahcc4 ,fruit small1 orange-form1 ribbed1 a good yellow1 lightly blushed with red2 flesh juicy1 semi-melting1 cinnamon-flavored1 sweet2 second for dessert1 good for the market2 ,sept4 ,gernrder ,pomeranzenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afj4 #ahef4 ,central ,germany1 #aggc4 ,fruit small1 flattened1 green changing to yellowish1 faintly blushed1 speckled with gray2 flesh greenish-white1 tender2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,gestreiffe ,winter-,apothekerbirne4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #acb4 #ahbe4 ,fruit large2 form that of ,bon-,chrtien d't1 light yellow1 streaked1 aromatic1 sugary2 good2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,ghellinck de ,walle4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #aa3bd4 #ahib4 ,raised in the garden of ,m4 ,ghellinck de ,walle near ,ghent1 ,bel41 described as new4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate1 yellowish1 speckled with russet2 flesh creamy-white1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 slightly acid and delicately perfumed4 ,said by ,m4 ,pynaert to be one of the best autumn pears2 ,nov4 ,gibb4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhb4 #aiac4 ,raised from seed sent by ,charles ,gibb from ,mongolia to ,prof4 ,budd at ,ames1 ,ia4 ,said to be very hardy and productive1 coming into bearing when young4 ,fruit about the size of ,bartlett1 pyriform1 nearly equal to ,bartlett in quality1 according to ,prof4 ,budd4 ,seems to be of a better quality than most oriental pears4 ,gilain4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ga4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3cc1 fig4 #aac4 #ahgh4 ,a gain of ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 pale green changing to yellow1 a warm gold and sometimes red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 rather gritty near the core2 juice sufficient1 sugary and perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,gilles ,gilles4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bbb1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bai4 #ahhi4 ,girogile4 #c4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #agg4 #aibj4 ,a ,french pear of very ancient and uncertain origin4 ,jean ,bauhin in his ,historia ,plantarum1 #aehj1 wrote of a pear which appears to be identical with this and said that in ,burgundy it was styled a ,poire de ,livre or ,pound ,pear4 ,le ,lectier in his catalog of #afbh and ,merlet as well as ,claude ,saint-,etienne and ,la ,quintinye also mention it though spelling it variously4 ,fruit large to very large1 nearly spherical2 calyx large1 open1 set in deep basin2 skin thick1 pale dull green1 washed with brown-red on the face exposed to the sun1 much covered with thin brown-russet2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine and semi-breaking1 rarely gritty1 very juicy1 saccharine and sweet1 without much perfume1 occasionally spoiled by too much acerbity2 third2 cooking2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,giram4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3aea1 fig4 #gd4 #ahff-gc4 ,a wilding found on the estate of ,giram at ,uryosse1 ,fr41 and propagated by ,dr4 ,doat4 ,fruit nearly medium1 pyriform1 sometimes rather turbinate2 skin thick and firm1 green1 sprinkled with large dots of greenish-brown1 becomes yellowish-green at maturity and blushed with red on the sun-exposed side2 flesh very fine1 tender1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary and agreeably perfumed2 first2 ,aug4 ,girardon4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bbe1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,according to ,diel this pear was raised in ,paris by a ,m4 ,girandoux whose name ,leroy identifies with ,girardon4 ,it seems to have dated from about the beginning of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 flattened and deeply depressed at both poles1 one side rather less swelled than the other2 skin wrinkled1 yellowish-green1 dotted with clear brown and almost entirely mottled and reticulated with dark russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 rather granular2 juice very abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 very musky2 second2 late ,sept4 ,glace d',hiver4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3fg1 fig4 #cbb4 #ahhj4 ,winter ,eisbirne4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cjj4 #ahhi4 ,belgian4 ,fruit medium1 globular-conic2 skin rather thick1 a lively green sprinkled with brown dots1 changing to lemon-yellow1 often golden on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 breaking2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 without appreciable perfume2 good2 end of winter4 ,glastonbury4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #bb3gc1 #ii1 #abf4 #ahgb4 #b4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #adj4 #aijd4 ,the ,benedictine of the ,english or ,glastonbury pear1 apparently originated as a wilding with ,w4 ,g4 ,l4 ,lovell1 ,glastonbury1 ,eng41 but ,bunyard believes it to be an old sort introduced by the monks4 ,grafts were first taken from the tree in #ahfb4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate1 russeted2 flesh yellowish1 melting1 juicy1 aromatic2 ,oct4 ,gleck4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ic4 #ahie4 ,distributed by ,m4 ,niemetz1 ,winnitsa1 ,russia1 and on trial with ,simon-,louis ,bros4 at ,metz in #ahie4 ,fruit medium or large1 green changing to yellow at maturity2 flesh rather tart in flavor1 juicy1 good for drying as it diminishes little in volume2 it makes good cider2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,gliva4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahhj4 ,a ,russian pear imported by ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 from the northern steppes where the summers are fully as dry and hot as ours and the winter far more severe4 ,it shows marked traces of the ,chinese forms of the pear in shape1 serration1 thickness and size of leaf and in the peculiar enlarged character of the scaly1 terminal buds4 ,gloire de ,cambron4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bbf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggb4 #ahfi4 ,probably derives its name from the famous ,abbey of ,cambron near ,mons in ,hainaut1 ,bel4 ,it was in ,france early in the nineteenth century4 ,fruit below medium1 acute-pyriform1 generally rather contorted in the lower part1 yellow-ochre in color1 dotted with very fine gray-russet points2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 dry and gritty1 sweet and rather delicate in flavor2 third2 ,nov4 ,gloward4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bhj4 #aheh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bbh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,possibly of ,english origin4 ,it was cultivated in the garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahch4 ,fruit medium and above2 form rather variable but always ovate1 more or less long1 irregular1 bossed1 clear green sprinkled with grayish dots and a little stained with russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 watery1 some grit around the core2 juice sugary1 very refreshing1 rather savory2 second2 ,oct4 ,gnoico4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bbi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,italian1 with the place of its origin in the old principality of ,parma4 ,fruit below medium1 long1 obtuse-pyriform1 whitish-gray on the shaded side1 very clear dull green on the other face1 dotted with russet1 washed occasionally with fawn around the stalk and partially covered with a light bluish efflorescence2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 dense1 breaking or semi-breaking1 watery1 almost exempt from grit2 juice abundant and sugary1 with a flavor of anis2 ,aug4 ,goat-herd4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3aca4 #aijh4 ,on trial in the experimental orchard at ,agassiz1 ,b4 ,c41 in #aijj4 ,fruit small1 acute-pyriform1 green1 russeted1 flesh red1 buttery1 juicy1 subacid2 mid-season4 ,gogal4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,originated by ,n4 ,e4 ,hansen1 ,brookings1 ,s4 ,d41 from ,parrot crossed by ,pyrus ovoidea1 and introduced by him in #aiai4 ,gold ,dust4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhb4 #aiac4 ,fruit of ,bergamot shape1 with slender stem2 skin very rough2 ,oct4 ,gold ,nugget4 #a4 ,stark ,bros4 ,cat4 #bh1 fig4 #aiaf4 ,this pear originated with ,f4 ,h4 ,davis1 ,esmeralda1 ,cal41 in the early seventies4 ,a few years ago ,stark ,bros41 ,louisiana1 ,mo41 secured control of the variety and introduced it to the trade in #aiaf4 ,tree vigorous1 healthy1 productive2 fruit large1 roundish-obovate-pyriform2 skin thick2 flesh fine-grained1 juicy1 with a honey-sweet flavor2 ripens late4 ,goldbirne4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #edd4 #ahag4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dh4 #ahef4 ,austrian1 #ahea4 ,fruit small1 conic1 beautiful light yellow2 skin thin1 light red blush2 flesh semi-breaking1 sweet1 with muscatel flavor2 best2 beginning of ,oct4 ,goldbordirte ,holzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aif4 #ahef4 ,classed by ,dochnahl among varieties of special character4 ,the tree has its leaves bordered with gold4 ,fruit small2 flesh firm1 insipid4 ,golden ,bell4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahff4 ,a seedling fruited by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 in #ahfb4 ,tree prolific4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 golden-yellow2 flesh fine1 with good flavor2 ,sept4 ,golden ,beurr of ,bilboa4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #agg4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ii1 ,pl4 #ahea4 ,beurr ,dor de ,bilboa4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3cea1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,imported to this country from ,bilboa1 ,spain1 in #ahba by ,j4 ,hooper1 ,marblehead1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium to large1 obovate-pyriform1 golden-yellow1 speckled evenly with small1 brown dots1 and slightly marked with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 very buttery1 vinous and excellent flavor2 first2 ,sept4 ,golden ,june4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,originated with ,joe ,houghlin1 near ,bloomfield1 ,ky41 and introduced by ,sunny ,slope ,nursery1 ,hannibal1 ,mo4 ,tree reported about #ge years old4 ,fruit said to have a small core1 to be delicious and to ripen about ,june #bjth4 ,golden ,knap4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehg4 #ahhd4 ,grown extensively in the orchards of the border countries of ,scotland4 ,the name is a corruption of ,golden ,knob1 the shape being that of a small knob4 ,fruit very small1 globular-turbinate1 russety1 of no particular merit4 ,golden ,queen4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehg4 #ahhd4 ,raised at the ,royal ,gardens1 ,frogmore1 near ,windsor1 ,eng41 and was first exhibited in #ahgb4 ,fruit small1 obovate1 straw-colored1 strewed with a few minute dots2 flesh very tender and extremely juicy1 sweet and highly perfumed2 a delicious pear but when ripe speedily rots at the core2 ,sept4 ,golden ,russet4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehg4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling raised at the ,royal ,gardens1 ,frogmore1 near ,windsor1 ,eng41 and first exhibited in #ahfc2 entirely distinct from ,japan ,golden ,russet1 which bears the same name as a synonym4 ,fruit small1 obtuse-obovate1 bright cinnamon-russet2 flesh yellow1 fine-grained1 buttery and melting1 juicy1 sweet and with a flavor resembling that of ,marie ,louise2 an excellent little pear2 ,oct4 ,goldwrther ,lederbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aef1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small to medium1 turbinate1 diminishing rather acutely to the stalk1 green covered with dark brown-russet2 flesh yellow-green1 coarse1 saccharine1 with an unpleasant acidity2 very good for transport2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,gnnersche ,birne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bh4 #ahef4 ,hesse1 ,ger41 #ahjf4 ,fruit almost medium1 turbinate1 light green changing to greenish-yellow1 often with a rather pale blush2 flesh granular and rather coarse2 second2 ,sept4 ,goodale4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #afc1 figs4 #aiad4 ,raised by ,e4 ,goodale1 ,saco1 ,me41 from seed of the ,mc,laughlin4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 green1 yellowing at maturity1 shaded with crimson and fawn in the sun1 slightly netted and patched with russet and sprinkled with small russet dots2 flesh white1 fine1 rather gritty at core1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant1 perfumed1 slightly vinous2 fair for dessert2 first for market2 ,oct4 ,got4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bhj4 #aheh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bca1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin unknown4 ,according to ,leroy this variety has been cultivated in ,belgium ever since #ahee4 ,fruit above medium2 form rather variable1 passing from long-conic and slightly obtuse to ovate1 a little swelled2 skin rough1 fine1 dark green2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking or semi-melting1 granular around the core2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 aromatic1 rather delicate2 second2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,governor ,carver4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahff4 ,fruited in #ahfc by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff from seed4 ,fruit ,diam4 #c in42 flesh firm and very rich in flavor2 keeps perfectly until ,june or ,july of following year1 and ripens well2 fine flavor1 and a valuable pear4 ,turbinate4 ,grabenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aei4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #fd1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a ,german and ,austrian pear1 common in middle ,franconia4 ,fruit small to medium1 turbinate or conic2 skin smooth1 shining1 yellow-green turning yellow1 with green marblings1 sometimes slightly blushed1 dotted2 flesh whitish1 coarse-grained1 breaking1 juicy1 saccharine1 without any perceptible acid2 mid-,oct4 ,graf ,moltke4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3,no4 #hj1 ,pl4 #hj4 #ahhb4 ,named after ,a4 ,von ,moltke1 a ,prime ,minister of ,denmark1 #ahej4 ,fruit rather large1 irregular in form although handsome2 skin rough1 yellowish-green covered with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 aromatic2 quality variable2 a table fruit2 ,oct4 ,grand ,bretagne4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3hc1 ,tab4 ,,ii4 #agga4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggd4 #ahfi4 ,origin ,french or ,belgian4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-obovate1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with brown2 flesh fine1 juicy1 buttery and melting2 moderately good2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,grand ,isle4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app41 #agf1 fig4 #ahha4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #dd3bdb1 figs4 #ace1 #acf4 #ahhe4 ,raised by ,benjamin ,macomber1 ,grand ,isle1 ,vt4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 somewhat alternate in bearing4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-oblong1 straw color1 covered with many small russet dots2 stem medium long1 rather slender2 calyx small1 open1 in a small basin2 flesh whitish1 half-fine1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly vinous2 very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,grand-,soliel4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bcc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehh4 #ahhd4 ,introduced by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 in the early half of the nineteenth century4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 more or less bossed2 skin rough to the touch1 yellow1 almost covered with gray-russet1 blushed with red on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 rather stringy1 melting1 vinous1 sugary1 with a particularly delicate aroma2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,grant4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahff4 ,a seedling fruited by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass1 in #ahfb4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform2 greenish-yellow2 flesh sweet1 fine1 rich2 first2 ,oct4 ,graslin4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #c3,no4 #ajf1 ,pl4 #ajf4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gge4 #ahfi4 ,a wilding found in the ,commune of ,fle1 ,sarthe1 ,fr42 introduced about #ahdj4 ,fruit large1 oblate1 somewhat irregular1 larger on one side than the other1 yellow-ochre1 dotted and marbled with gray-russet1 and stained with large markings of fawn2 flesh fine1 white1 veined with greenish-yellow1 very melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 perfumed1 delicate2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,grasshoff ,leckerbissen4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cje4 #ahha4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bbb4 #ahhi4 ,german4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 often rather ovate1 inclined or bent at the head2 skin smooth1 grass-green changing to yellow-green1 thickly dotted1 not much russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather gritty around the core1 melting1 fine1 juicy1 good flavor2 very good for dessert and good for household use2 early ,oct4 ,gratiola4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,the ,gratiola peare is a kinde of ,bon ,cretien1 called the ,cucumber peare1 or ,spinola's peare4 ,graue ,herbstrusselet4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3db4 #ahef4 ,german1 ,upper ,hesse1 #ahjb4 ,fruit medium1 ventriculous1 uneven1 rough1 entirely covered with russet1 changing at maturity to dull red on the side next the sun2 flesh very juicy1 coarsely granular and woody1 sugary and musky2 first for household purposes2 ,sept4 ,graue ,holzbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aaj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown throughout ,austria under various names4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 diminishing toward the stalk2 skin firm1 rough1 grayish-green turning at maturity to a dirty greenish-yellow1 dotted with grayish-brown-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse-grained1 very juicy1 astringent and subacid2 mid-,oct4 ,graue ,honigbirn4 #a4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 #b3 ,no4 #hd1 ,pl4 #hd4 #ahhc4 ,german4 ,published by ,oberdieck in #ahfe4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate2 skin thin1 rough1 yellowish-green or yellow1 blushed1 and dotted and marked with cinnamon-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine grained1 breaking1 tender1 semi-melting1 sweet1 with an aromatic flavor of cinnamon4 ,graue ,pelzbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aeh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an excellent ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 inclining to pyriform2 skin firm1 rough1 yellow ground when ripe1 with cinnamon-brown-russet marking and grayish-brown dots1 blushed on the sun-exposed side2 flesh whitish1 coarse grained1 very juicy1 subacid1 with very little aroma2 ,oct4 ,graue ,speckbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahh4 #ahef4 ,reported from ,germany1 #ahja4 ,fruit large1 long1 broad1 conic1 yellow1 strongly and thickly dotted with gray2 calyx small2 stem fleshy2 flesh granular1 somewhat aromatic1 sweet2 third2 ,sept4 ,graue ,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dj4 #ahef4 ,dutch1 #ageh4 ,fruit small1 rather oviform1 smooth1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with green2 flesh yellowish1 semi-breaking1 melting1 very sweet1 vinous1 juicy2 second for dessert1 good for the market2 ,aug4 ,grazbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ahd1 fig4 #aiac4 ,grazbirne is a variety of wild pear well distributed in ,lower ,austria4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 regular in form1 green1 dotted and heavily marked with russet2 flesh subacid1 vinous1 astringent1 wanting in juice2 inferior2 early ,oct4 ,great ,cassolette4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3cb4 #ahca4 ,there appear to be several varieties of ,cassolette three or four of which bear the synonym of ,lechfrion4 ,the ,cassolette is so named from its resemblance to a small vessel made of copper and silver in which pastilles were burnt4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 #b-a_/f inches in height and #b-a_/d inches in breadth1 entirely light green even at maturity1 dotted all over with numerous green specks2 flesh melting1 of a very peculiar acid flavor which however1 is not disagreeable when the fruit is ripe2 ,aug4 ,great ,citron of ,bohemia4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gge4 #ahfi4 ,fruit small1 oblong1 yellow2 flesh sugary1 juicy1 a little coarse-grained1 having little flavor2 ,sept4 ,great ,mammoth4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bci1 #bdj4 #ahfi4 ,grown in pioneer days in ,indiana1 ,illinois1 and neighboring states4 ,green ,chisel4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #acb4 #agbi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehh4 #ahhd4 ,guenette4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bfa1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the origin of this ancient early summer variety is unknown1 but it was described by ,mawe and ,abercrombie in #aggh1 and was also mentioned by ,philip ,miller in #agcd as being still in prime in ,july in ,england4 ,under the name of ,guenette it was described by ,merlet in articles written in #afge1 and #afij and appears to have been well known in ,english and ,french gardens4 ,hogg deems ,chisel to be a corruption of the ,french name ,choiseul4 ,fruit small or very small1 growing in clusters1 globular-turbinate1 green or rarely yellowish-green1 with sometimes a brownish tinge next the sun1 sprinkled with small russet dots2 flesh white1 slightly green1 fine1 semi-breaking1 sweet1 slightly gritty around centre2 juice ample in amount1 sugary1 acid1 slightly aromatic2 second2 ,aug4 ,green ,mountain ,boy4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #chf4 #ahei4 ,a native variety4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 or obovate-pyriform1 golden yellow1 with russety-brown specks2 flesh yellowish1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 very good2 ,oct4 ,green ,pear of ,yair4 #a4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #d3bad4 #ahbb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggf4 #ahfi4 ,green ,yair4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit4 ,man4 #ehi4 #ahhd4 ,an old ,scotch pear raised at ,yair on the ,tweed1 ,peeblesshire4 ,fruit below medium1 obovate1 smooth1 dark green changing to yellow1 patched and dotted with russet2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sugary2 good2 ,sept4 ,grgoire ,bordillon4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bcg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #agh4 #aibj4 ,raised by ,leroy in #ahee from seed of ,graslin1 and fruited for the first time in #ahff4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 rather larger on one side than the other1 pale yellow on shaded side and dark yellow on the exposed cheek1 mottled1 striped1 and dotted with brown2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 very melting1 very juicy and sugary2 first2 ,aug4 ,grey ,good-,wife4 #a4 ,mawe-,abercrombie ,univ4 ,gard4 ,bot4 #aggh4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 brown-red1 moderately tender and of good flavor2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,grise-,bonne4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bde4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bch1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,franzsische ,gute ,graue ,sommerbirne4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3af4 #ahef4 ,the ,dutch pomologist ,pierre ,van den ,hoven writing in the middle of the eighteenth century affirmed that the ,grise-,bonne was the ,sucre ,grise de ,hollandaise and the ,pirum ,falernum of the ,romans4 ,it may be noted that in #aehf ,jacques ,dalchamp thought he had found the ,falernum in the ,french ,autumn ,bergamote2 and1 again1 in #aghc ,henri ,manger declared it to be still cultivated under the name ,bourdon1 the ,orange ,musque2 similarly ,sickler wrote in #ahjb that the ,bergamote d't appeared to him to be the ,falernum4 ,fruit medium2 form variable1 sometimes irregular-turbinate1 long and ventriculous1 at other times regular-turbinate1 clear green1 russeted with gray1 clouded with pale yellow on the shaded side and covered with large dots of golden or orange-yellow2 flesh white1 fine1 dense1 semi-breaking1 watery1 free from grit2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 musky2 second2 ,aug4 ,groom ,prince ,royal4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ed1 #afa4 #ahda4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ehi4 #ahhd4 ,bergamotte liza ,mathews4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bce1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,princesse-,royale4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3efa4 #ahfi4 ,a ,mr4 ,groom1 a nurseryman at ,clapham near ,london1 introduced this pear in #ahda4 ,fruit medium1 globular or ,bergamot-shaped1 greenish-brown1 with a tinge of yellow and slight traces of gray-russet2 flesh melting1 buttery1 sometimes rather gritty1 sweet1 vinous1 perfumed2 a good second-rate pear2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,gros ,blanquet ,long4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bda1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,large ,blanquet4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjb4 #ahhd4 ,kreiselfrmige ,blankette4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdd4 #ahhi4 ,this is one of a group of pears which in the seventeenth century were designated by various pomologists with names such as ,blanquet longue queue1 ,blanquet d'hiver1 etc4 ,their origin is ancient1 possibly ,roman4 ,the variety here described is the largest of the ,blanquettes and was said by ,olivier de ,serres in #afjj to be also named de ,florence from which it might be adduced that it came originally from ,tuscany4 ,fruit below medium and often small1 obtuse-pyriform1 smooth1 of a beautiful yellow color1 dotted with bright green and sometimes carmined on the cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 sweet1 full of sugary juice possessing a musky-anis flavor2 a dessert pear1 second2 ,july and ,aug4 ,gros ,blanquet ,rond4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bdb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,an ancient dessert pear mentioned by ,claude ,saint-,etienne in the seventeenth century and by ,mawe and ,abercrombie in their ,universal ,gardener and ,botanist in #aggh4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-ovate1 pale yellow covered with very fine russet dots1 more or less washed with rose on the side of the sun2 flesh yellow-white1 breaking1 rather coarse1 almost exempt from grit2 juice abundant1 sugary1 sourish1 musky2 third for dessert2 ,sept4 ,gros-,hativeau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bde1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this pear has been supposed to belong to a class identified with the ,pira ,hordearia of ,columella and of ,pliny1 and was mentioned by various ,french and ,german writers from the sixteenth century onward2 if its origin is not clear it is at any rate one of the three varieties of the pear bearing the name of ,hativeau in the seventeenth century1 ,h4 blanc1 or ,bergamotte d't1 and the ,petit-,h4 being the other two4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate-obtuse2 skin fine1 yellowish-green1 delicately dotted with olive-gray1 washed with bright vermilion on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 breaking1 gritty2 juice rarely abundant1 sugary1 astringent and slightly aromatic2 third2 end of ,july4 ,gros ,loijart4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3abf4 #ahdc4 ,fruit large1 irregular-obovate1 green and yellow2 flesh breaking1 tough but neither gritty nor austere2 for cooking purposes2 ,apr4 and ,may4 ,gros ,lucas4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bdf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the fruit garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers1 ,fr4 was formed in #ahcb and the ,gros ,lucas soon afterwards appeared in its catalog4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-ovate-globular1 irregular and much bossed2 skin rather thick1 yellow1 sprinkled with very small dots of green color1 stained with patches of russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 semi-breaking1 spongy1 gritty at the center2 juice rather deficient1 without perfume or much sugar2 second1 but good for kitchen use2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,gros ,muscat ,rond4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bdh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,although the origin of this variety is doubtful it is almost certainly ,french4 ,diel received it from ,holland but ,german pomologists appear to have regarded it as ,french4 ,claude ,saint-,etienne described it in #afgj4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 mammillate at summit1 one side always more convex than the other1 grayish-green on the shaded side and pale yellow on that exposed to the sun1 dotted and slightly stained with gray-russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine and semi-breaking1 watery1 rarely very gritty2 juice plentiful1 very saccharine1 acidulous and aromatic2 second2 ,aug4 ,gros ,rousselet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bej1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eij4 #ahhd4 ,roi d't4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdc4 #ahfi4 ,mentioned by ,rea as being cultivated in ,england in #affe under the name of ,great ,russet of ,remes1 under which name it was also known in ,france1 there being known these two varieties1 the ,gros ,rousselet de ,rheims and the ,petit-,rousselet4 ,father ,rapin1 a ,french ,jesuit1 who wrote in #afff the poem ,hortorum1 mentioned the pears of ,rousselet in the ,valley of ,amiterne at the foot of the ,apennines4 ,in #aghc the ,german pomologist ,henri ,manger wrote that he believed the ,french ,rousselet was none other than the ,roman ,favonianum mentioned by ,pliny4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellowish or bright green changing to bright lemon-yellow1 covered with numerous small brown spots1 red on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 semi-melting1 semi-breaking1 rich in sugary and perfumed juice2 variable in quality1 requires a warm1 sheltered position2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,gros ,rousselet d',aout4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3ec1 fig4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggf4 #ahfi4 ,rousselet d',aout4 #c4 ,pom4 ,france #b3,no4 #hc1 ,pl4 #hc4 #ahfc4 ,this was one of the first seedlings raised by ,van ,mons and is #bja in his catalog of #ahbc4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellow washed with rose-red2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 with an agreeable perfume2 a very good early fruit1 ripening in ,august in ,belgium4 ,gros ,trouv4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahgf4 ,this seedling was found by ,gabriel ,everard in a garden at ,tournai1 ,bel4 ,fruit very large1 fusiform1 washed with red on the side next the sun2 flesh breaking2 first for kitchen purposes2 keeps until the autumn of the year following4 ,grosse ,eisbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahh4 #ahef4 ,reported in #ahjb4 ,fruit medium1 onion-shaped2 skin very smooth1 shining and greasy1 yellowish-green changing to light citron-yellow1 often somewhat blushed2 flesh coarse1 solid and dry2 third for the table1 first for culinary use2 ,oct4 ,grosse ,figue4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie1 #bgh4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellow stained with brown2 flesh semi-melting1 juicy1 well perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,grosse gelbe ,weinbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3di4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 #ahje4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 obtuse-conic1 often turbinate1 light lemon-yellow1 dotted with fine brown spots1 somewhat russeted2 flesh extremely juicy1 vinous1 mingled sweet and sour2 third for dessert1 very good for the kitchen4 ,grosse-,herbst-,bergamotte4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afi4 #ahef4 ,reported in middle ,germany1 #ahjf4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 round1 yellowish-green1 russeted1 speckled with gray dots2 flesh breaking1 firm1 white1 juicy1 sweet2 third for dessert1 good for household use2 ,oct4 ,grosse ,landlbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbiren #ff1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown throughout ,austria4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 otherwise short-pyriform2 skin smooth1 shining1 yellow when ripe1 blushed on the side opposed to the sun1 sprinkled with numerous dots of cinnamon-brown2 flesh coarse-grained1 yellow-white1 very juicy1 sweet1 astringent and without aroma2 excellent2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,grosse ,leutsbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aab1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 green covered all over with gray-russet2 flesh very juicy1 astringent1 saccharine1 with a sourish after-taste2 good for transportation2 ,oct4 ,grosse-,louise4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bec1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a chance seedling found in a garden of the town of ,tourcoing1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 conic-turbinate-obtuse1 bossed and generally mammillate at summit1 yellow1 slightly greenish1 dotted all over with russet and having some small brown stains2 flesh white1 very fine1 dense1 free from grit2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 sweet1 delicately perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,grosse ,mostputzer4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aad1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown throughout ,austria4 ,fruit medium but variable in size1 globular1 turbinate1 otherwise pyriform2 skin firm1 leaf-green turning bright yellow at maturity1 with large russet dots2 flesh yellow-white1 coarse-grained1 very juicy1 subacid and strongly astringent2 very good for transportation on account of its prolonged season of maturity2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,grosse ,petersbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afh4 #ahef4 ,reported in ,thuringia1 #ahjd4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-conic1 yellow1 blushed1 some russet1 dotted with green1 thin-skinned2 flesh sweet1 deficient in juice2 third for dessert1 good for household use1 good for the market4 ,grosse ,poire d',amande4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3ig1 fig4 #ahef4 ,grosse ,angleterre de ,noisette4 #b4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ebd4 #ahfj4 ,belgian4 ,fruit large1 long-conic or obtuse-pyramidal1 grayish-green becoming yellow at maturity1 slightly bronzed on the side next the sun1 speckled all over with numerous brown dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 buttery2 juice very plentiful1 sugary2 flesh sweet and tasting strongly of almond2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,grosse ,poire de ,vitrier4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3ajg4 #ahca4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 yellow1 with red blush1 perfumed2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,grosse ,queue4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3beg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this variety probably originated about #afec when ,nicolas de ,bonnefond named it in his ,jardinier francais4 ,in #afge1 however1 ,merlet gave a rather complete description of it and a few years later it was admitted by ,la ,quintinye into the orchard of ,louis ,,xiv at ,versailles4 ,fruit medium1 rather variable1 always globular in the lower part1 bossed and more or less conic near the summit1 a little wrinkled especially on the side next the sun1 olive-yellow1 finely rayed and dotted with clear green1 and washed with carmine on the exposed face2 flesh very white1 semi-fine1 breaking or semi-melting1 juice deficient1 sweet mingled with sourness1 musky2 third2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,grosse ,rommelter4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahgf4 ,a ,french pear valued for perry making4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 green2 first for perry2 ,oct4 ,tree very vigorous1 extraordinarily fertile and succeeding everywhere4 ,grosse schne ,jungfernbirne4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #abd4 #ahbe4 ,german4 ,reported #ahje4 ,fruit below medium1 ventriculous-pyriform1 sides rather unequal2 skin extremely smooth1 light yellowish-green turning to greenish-yellow1 often washed with a slight brownish blush2 second for dessert1 first for the kitchen2 end of ,aug4 for two weeks4 ,grosse ,september ,birne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bbf4 #ahhi4 ,belle de ,septembre4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3baa1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,an old variety originated in ,prussia and cultivated chiefly in the north of ,germany and especially in ,pomerania4 ,fruit above medium and sometimes large1 oblong or globular-turbinate1 generally having unequal sides1 pale yellow1 stained with fawn1 finely dotted with gray and sometimes washed with brown-red on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh greenish1 fine1 semi-melting1 rarely gritty2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 perfumed1 delicate but rather astringent2 second2 end of ,sept4 ,grosse ,sommer-,zitronenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bd4 #ahef4 ,reported in ,saxony in #ahjc4 ,fruit medium1 long-turbinate1 sides uneven2 skin extremely shining1 light green changing to lemon-yellow1 spotted with gray1 rather rust-colored on the side next the sun2 flesh coarse1 melting1 rather yellow in the interior1 very aromatic1 tender and juicy2 first for dessert1 household and market2 end of ,aug4 for #ad days4 ,grosse ,sommersirene4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3di4 #ahef4 ,holland1 #ahjd4 ,fruit small1 ventriculous-pyriform1 smooth1 shining lemon-yellow1 without any russet1 watery1 with a tart sweetness2 third for dessert2 best for market4 ,grosse spte ,weinbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aif4 #ahef4 ,switzerland4 ,reported first in #ahdh4 ,fruit above medium1 ventriculous-turbinate1 green-yellow1 blushed with a brownish tint1 spotted with white1 and marked with russet2 flesh coarse-grained1 very juicy1 astringent1 vinous and sourish2 very good for perry2 ,oct4 ,grosser ,roland4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3d4 #ahef4 ,first reported from ,treves1 ,prussia1 in #ahja4 ,one of the group of ,volema or ,pound ,pears4 ,fruit large1 bent and uneven in form1 light green changing to yellowish1 blushed2 flesh breaking1 aromatic1 juicy2 first for household use2 ,sept4 ,groveland4 #a4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bdh4 #aijc4 ,a native variety grown in ,alabama and southeastern ,states4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with brownish cheek1 washed1 netted and speckled nearly all over with russet2 flesh creamy-white1 tender1 buttery1 juicy1 vinous2 good2 autumn4 ,grubbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aaf1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit rather large1 irregular in form1 diminishing toward the stem almost acutely1 yellow-green slightly blushed1 dotted and speckled with russet2 flesh coarse-grained1 juicy1 astringent1 saccharine and with an agreeable flavor2 good for keeping and transporting2 ,oct4 ,grumkow4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bfj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,discovered by ,m4 ,koberstein at ,rgenwald1 ,basse-,pomerania1 ,prussia4 ,diel1 first to describe it1 placed its origin at about #ahjf4 ,fruit medium1 very irregular1 long1 pyramidal1 always obtuse1 contorted and much warted1 pale green1 sprinkled with a few gray specks1 more or less colored with brown-red on the sunny side2 flesh whitish1 fine1 breaking1 or semi-breaking2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 with a musky flavor2 second2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,grunbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aj4 #ahef4 ,a ,german pound pear4 ,originated in ,wrttemberg and reported in #ahcj4 ,fruit medium1 long1 sides unequal1 dark green1 with dark red blush on ripening2 flesh greenish-white1 breaking1 granular1 glutinous1 juicy1 aromatic2 first for kitchen2 ,aug4 ,grne ,confesselsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aic4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 #agig4 ,fruit small1 obtuse-conic1 grass-green changing to yellowish-green1 green dots2 flesh yellow1 firm1 insipid2 second for table1 good for household2 ,may to ,aug4 ,grne frhe ,gewurzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cb4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 #ahaf4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 yellowish grass-green often rather blushed1 very fine spotting1 thick-skinned2 flesh granular1 semi-melting1 aromatic1 musky2 second for dessert1 good for domestic and market use2 early ,sept4 for #h days4 ,grne frstliche ,tafelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ace4 #ahef4 ,wetterau1 #agig4 ,fruit small1 globular1 thin-skinned1 light green changing to yellowish-green1 seldom blushed2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 full of flavor2 first for table and market2 ,aug4 ,grne gesegnete ,winterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agd4 #ahef4 ,holland1 #ahjb4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 light green changing to yellowish-green1 dotted with small brown specks2 flesh coarse-grained near centre1 breaking1 juicy1 very sweet2 good for culinary use2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,grne langstielige ,winterhirtenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3hc4 #ahef4 ,said to be a ,belgian variety1 published by ,diel in #ahjb4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 bossed1 dark green changing to light green1 a rather brownish blush1 fine gray dots2 flesh greenish-white1 buttery1 melting2 first for table and household2 ,feb4 ,grne ,pfundbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3f4 #ahef4 ,poire ,livre ,verte4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aa1 fig4 #ajb4 #ahgh4 ,a ,german ,rhineland ,pound pear1 #ahbf4 ,fruit very large1 regular in form1 five inches long by three and a half broad1 uniform green turning to yellow-green1 covered with dense star-like brown spots2 flesh breaking1 juicy1 aromatic2 first for kitchen2 ,oct4 ,grne ,pichelbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aah1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear extensively grown under a variety of names throughout ,austria4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 shining dark green1 yellowish when ripe1 white dots2 flesh coarse-grained1 yellow-white turning more yellow on ripening1 juicy and astringent2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,grne ,sommer-,bergamote4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3i4 #ahef4 ,saxony1 #ahjc4 ,a ,volema or ,pound pear4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 dark green changing to yellowish-green1 blushed with streaks of brown2 flesh glutinous1 juicy1 aromatic2 first for household2 ,sept4 ,grne ,sommer-,citronenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aef4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 #ahda4 ,fruit small1 ventriculous1 rather variable1 shining light green becoming a uniform light greenish-yellow1 russeted with gray1 specked with gray dots2 flesh granular near the centre1 melting1 acid1 sweet1 strongly scented with musk2 first for table and household4 ,grne ,wiedenbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #abj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown throughout ,austria4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 otherwise short-pyriform1 irregular2 skin smooth1 shining green turning greenish-yellow when ripe1 with numerous very fine green dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 juicy1 not particularly firm when ripe1 astringent1 sourish and saccharine2 mid-,oct4 for fourteen days4 ,grne ,winawitz4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #abb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown under a variety of names in ,upper and ,lower ,austria4 ,fruit medium1 long-ovate1 greatest diameter at its center1 light green turning yellowish at maturity1 covered with russet and green dots2 flesh yellowish1 coarse and juicy1 saccharine1 astringent2 good for transport2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,grnmostler4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #hd1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear widely distributed in ,switzerland and ,austria4 ,fruit fairly large1 globular-oblate1 ventriculous1 one side larger than the other2 flesh greenish-white1 coarse1 juicy1 saccharine and acidulous2 mid-,oct41 for about two weeks4 ,gulabi4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ic4 #ahie4 ,sent out and recommended as one of the best sorts in the ,caucasus by ,m4 ,niemetz of ,winnitza in the former ,government of ,polish-,russia4 ,the varieties of the ,caucasus are for the most part highly saccharine1 rather coarse1 and the vegetation very vigorous4 ,guntershauser ,holzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aif4 #ahef4 ,wrttemberg1 ,ger41 #ahdh4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 uniform whitish-green1 russet dots2 flesh fine-grained1 very juicy1 vinous1 astringent1 sweet2 good2 ,oct4 ,gustave ,bivort4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggf4 #ahfi4 ,french4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 pale yellow1 with stains and nettings of russet1 blushed on side next the sun2 flesh white1 juicy1 semi-melting1 sweet1 slightly perfumed2 good or very good2 ,aug4 ,gustave ,bourgogne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bfb1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggf4 #ahfi4 ,gained by ,van ,mons at ,louvain about #ahdj4 ,fruit large or medium1 turbinate-ovate1 flattened at both poles1 whitish-green1 speckled with fine fawn dots1 some bronze-green on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 almost melting2 juice very abundant and sugary1 delicately perfumed1 refreshing1 and agreeable2 second for both eating and cooking2 ,sept4 ,gustin ,summer4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ege4 #aheg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ggf4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,new ,jersey4 ,fruit small1 globular1 yellow1 sweet without much flavor2 ,sept4 ,gute ,grne4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ebd4 #ahag4 ,german4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 green changing to yellowish1 blushed2 flesh tender1 melting2 beginning of ,sept4 for several weeks4 ,habichtsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adf4 #ahef4 ,rhineland4 ,described by ,diel in #ahjd4 ,fruit very large1 #e in4 x #c in41 hook-nosed or like the beak of a bird1 crooked1 uniformly light green1 densely speckled with light brown dots and marked with russet2 flesh coarse-grained1 semi-melting1 breaking2 third for table and good for cooking2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,hacon ,incomparable4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #bj4 #ahda4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eia4 #ahhd4 ,about the year #agib a ,mrs4 ,rayner sowed the seeds of a ,rayner's ,norfolk ,seedling at ,norfolk1 ,eng4 ,subsequently1 about #ahad1 one of the resultant trees was propagated from grafts by a ,mr4 ,hacon of the same place4 ,the hardy and productive tree renders it particularly valuable for climates similar to that of ,england4 ,the blossoms bear the sharpest frosts without injury but the tree cannot be made to bear until it is eight to ten years old4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 flattened and depressed at both poles1 pale yellowish-green1 covered with numerous russety spots and markings2 flesh yellowish-white1 melting1 buttery with a rich1 vinous1 sweet1 musky flavor2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,haddington4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3bgd4 #ahdg4 ,in #ahbh ,j4 ,b4 ,smith1 a farmer near ,haddington1 ,philadelphia1 raised this pear from seed of a ,pound pear4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with a brownish cheek and minute russet dots and patches2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 aromatic2 texture varies1 some being quite melting1 others inclined to break2 good2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,haffner ,butterbirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bcj4 #ahhi4 ,beurr ,haffner4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #gg1 fig1 #cg4 #ahff-gc4 ,a variety found as a chance seedling near ,nuremberg1 ,bavaria1 by the ,brothers ,haffner2 first published in #ahed by ,biedenfeld4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform1 pale yellow1 speckled and stained with russet2 flesh white1 sometimes a little yellow1 rather granular but fine1 slightly gritty at center1 full of sugary1 vinous juice1 and has a perfume similar to that of the ,beurr ,gris2 good2 ,oct4 ,hagar4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggg4 #ahfi4 ,french1 according to ,downing4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 pale yellow1 shade of red in sun1 some russet2 flesh coarse1 dry1 sweet2 poor2 ,oct4 ,haight4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggg4 #ahfi4 ,an ,american variety4 ,fruit medium1 globular-pyriform1 yellow1 shaded and mottled with red in the sun1 with small brown dots and traces of russet2 flesh white1 pink at center1 a little coarse1 breaking1 juicy1 sweet and pleasant2 good2 ,oct4 ,hallische gelbe ,honigbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adi4 #ahef4 ,saxony4 ,fruit small1 oblate1 flattened1 sides unequal1 yellowish-green changing to light yellow2 flesh breaking1 coarse-grained1 very juicy and sweet2 second for dessert1 good for kitchen2 ,sept4 ,hamburg4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ad3ab1 fig4 #b4 #ahia4 ,russian4 ,fruit medium1 yellow-green2 flesh juicy1 perfumed2 ,sept4 ,hamburger ,birne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3e4 #ahef4 ,a ,north ,german ,pound pear2 published in #ahaf4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate or conic-obtuse1 light green changing to light yellow1 with dark russet markings2 flesh breaking1 juicy1 aromatic2 first for the kitchen2 ,oct4 ,hamilton4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggg4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,south ,carolina1 where it is said to be of good quality4 ,fruit medium1 oblate2 skin rough1 yellowish1 some stains and numerous dots of russet2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 wanting in juice2 ,nov4 ,hammelsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agj4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 #agid4 ,fruit below medium1 ovate1 yellow-green changing to citron-yellow1 numerous small dots1 thick-skinned2 flesh granular1 sweet2 third for dessert1 not of much value for culinary use4 ,hamon4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bfd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggg4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,m4 ,nrard1 a nurseryman at ,vaise near ,lyons1 ,fr41 from seed sown by him in #ahcd4 ,fruit medium1 irregular-ovate1 often a little bossed1 pale green1 covered with large fawn dots2 flesh slightly greenish1 coarse1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acerb1 with an agreeable flavor2 second2 ,aug4 ,hampden ,bergamot4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eia4 #ahhd4 ,an old variety of uncertain origin and possessing many synonyms4 ,fruit large1 globular1 narrowing abruptly to the stalk1 even and regular in outline1 pale greenish-yellow1 with traces of thin russet and greenish dots1 sometimes a tinge of brownish-red next the sun2 flesh white1 rather coarse-grained1 buttery1 sweet1 agreeable2 handsome1 but hardly more than second class2 ,sept4 ,hampton ,bergamot4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggh4 #ahfi4 ,originated with ,w4 ,c4 ,hampton1 ,mount ,victory1 ,ohio4 ,fruit small1 globular-oblate1 yellow1 netted and sprinkled with russet and green dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 juicy1 semi-melting1 vinous2 good2 ,sept4 ,hampton ,cluster4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggh4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,w4 ,c4 ,hampton1 ,mount ,victory1 ,ohio4 ,fruit borne in clusters1 very small1 globular1 greenish-yellow1 shaded with dull red on the sun-exposed side1 netted with russet2 flesh juicy1 melting1 sweet2 very good2 ,sept4 ,hampton ,virgalieu4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #chh1 fig4 #ahei4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggh4 #ahfi4 ,originated with ,w4 ,c4 ,hampton1 ,mount ,victory1 ,ohio1 from a seed of the ,white ,doyenn4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy and productive4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 or slightly obtuse-pyriform1 yellowish-green at maturity1 with many russet dots and marblings of russet1 the latter becoming reddish-brown in the sun2 flesh white1 buttery1 juicy1 rich1 vinous1 brisk2 core small2 very good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,hancock4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,a seedling fruited by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 in #ahfa4 ,fruit #d-a_/b in4 long1 #c in4 wide1 obovate1 light green2 flesh breaking and juicy1 a great bearer1 and an excellent cooking pear1 always sells readily2 ,sept4 ,hangelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ade4 #ahef4 ,holstein1 published #aghh4 ,fruit large1 long-gourd-shaped1 yellow-green1 yellow on the sunny side2 flesh breaking1 coarse-grained1 fairly juicy1 sweet2 third for dessert1 good for kitchen2 ,nov4 to ,apr4 ,hannover'sche ,jakobsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agb4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3,no4 #bg1 ,pl4 #bg4 #ahhb4 ,hanover1 ,prussia1 #ahea4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 dull grass-green changing to yellow1 with a brownish blush1 dotted with green on the yellow and with bright yellow on the flush2 flesh whitish1 fine1 sweet1 becoming mealy when over ripe2 third for dessert1 good for culinary use and market2 ,july4 ,hannover'sche ,margarethenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dj4 #ahef4 ,hanover1 ,prussia1 #ahea4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 light green turning to light yellow2 flesh yellowish-white1 breaking1 soon becoming mealy when ripe2 second for table1 good for kitchen use2 end of ,july for #b weeks4 ,hanover4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggi4 #ahfi4 ,from ,hanover ,furnace1 ,n4 ,j4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-obovate1 green1 with dull green-russet markings1 and a brown cheek2 flesh greenish-yellow1 exceedingly melting and juicy2 flavor pleasant1 good2 ,oct4 ,hardenpont frhe ,colmar4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ajj4 #ahef4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #if1 #bhj4 #ahgf4 ,this is not the ,passe ,colmar of ,hardenpont1 although regarded as such by ,dochnahl4 ,it ripens in ,august and ,september whereas ,passe ,colmar is in season during ,november and ,december4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 a beautiful uniform yellow2 flesh fine-grained1 musky2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,harigelsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agb4 #ahef4 ,wrttemberg1 #ahcj4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-conic1 light green changing to golden yellow1 with a dark blush2 flesh rather astringent1 sweet1 breaking1 aromatic2 third for table1 not of much account for cooking2 ,oct4 ,harnard4 #a4 ,n4 ,j4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aa4 #ahgg4 ,shown before the ,new ,jersey ,state ,horticultural ,society in #ahgg4 ,said to be a seedling from the farm of ,john ,harnard1 ,springfield1 ,n4 ,j41 and to have originated about #cj years previously4 ,a cooking pear1 valued for its regular and abundant bearing and keeping qualities4 ,harris 7,georgia74 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggi4 #ahfi4 ,disseminated from ,georgia4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-obtuse to obovate-acute-pyriform1 pale yellow1 deep red in the sun1 many green and brown dots2 flesh whitish1 buttery1 not juicy1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 ,harris 7,massachusetts74 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aec4 #ahgd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app41 #adi1 fig4 #ahgb4 ,raised by ,lemuel ,clapp1 ,dorchester1 ,mass41 from ,urbaniste crossed with ,beurr ,bosc4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate-pyriform1 resembling ,beurr ,hardy2 stem medium long2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine grained1 very tender1 melting1 juicy1 rich1 vinous1 spirited1 aromatic2 very good to best2 ,oct4 ,harrison ,large ,fall4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ege4 #aheg4 ,rushmore4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fjh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a fine old baking pear of ,american origin4 ,fruit large1 irregular1 inclined1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 pale yellow with a red cheek2 ,aug4 to ,oct4 ,hartberger ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ad1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown in ,hungary and ,austria4 ,fruit medium1 globular and irregular1 somewhat acute toward the stalk1 dark green turning to yellow-green1 finely dotted and much covered with russet2 flesh greenish-white1 abnormally large core and seeds1 firm and juicy2 ,oct4 ,harte ,neapolitanerin4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aib4 #ahef4 ,although cultivated mainly at ,naples1 ,italy1 in the middle of the last century and called the pear of ,naples1 it appears to have been first published in ,france in #ahjb4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 medium ventriculous1 light green changing to lemon-yellow1 blushed2 flesh firm1 sweetish1 aromatic2 very good for culinary uses2 ,jan4 to summer4 ,harvard4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3deg4 #ahee4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggi4 #ahfi4 ,belle de ,flushing4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bja1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,originated at ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,in #ahea it was taken from ,america to ,france without a label by ,parsons1 a nurseryman at ,flushing1 ,n4 ,y41 and was named ,belle de ,flushing by ,leroy4 ,fruit rather large1 oblong-pyriform1 russety olive-yellow1 with a brownish-red cheek2 in ,france it seems to develop a vivid red on the side exposed to the sun1 finely dotted with fawn2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 tender1 melting1 slightly gritty2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous and agreeably musky2 second2 a fine commercial variety2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,harvest4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggi4 #ahfi4 ,an ,american variety4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 pale yellow1 tinged with brown-red on exposed side1 brown and green dots2 flesh whitish1 not very juicy or melting1 but sweet1 pleasant2 good2 ,july4 ,hassler4 #a4 ,cal4 ,com4 ,hort4 ,pear ,grow4 ,cal4 #g3,no4 #e1 #bfj1 figs4 #eb1 #ec4 #aiah4 ,originated as a chance seedling with ,j4 ,e4 ,hassler1 ,placerville1 ,cal4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with russet dots2 calyx open3 basin large1 deep1 irregular2 stem heavy1 medium long1 inclined in a deep cavity2 flesh1 fine1 juicy1 buttery1 pleasant2 very good2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,hausemerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aid4 #ahef4 ,german1 published #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 light green changing to whitish-yellow1 blushed1 with brown spots2 flesh firm1 somewhat aromatic2 good for kitchen use2 ,dec4 to ,mar4 ,hautmont4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bff1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin unknown but was propagated in the ,garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers in #ahdj4 ,fruit medium1 long-turbinate1 yellowish-green spotted with russet and washed with rose-carmine on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 breaking1 juicy1 gritty at center2 second for dessert1 first for stewing2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,hawaii4 #a4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hd4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhb4 #aiac4 ,a ,japanese pear2 date of introduction unknown4 ,fruit medium1 apple-shaped1 light lemon-yellow1 with rough1 russet dots2 flesh hard1 gritty1 wanting in flavor1 subacid2 ,oct4 ,hawes ,winter4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ejf4 #aheg4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #chi4 #ahei4 ,originated on the farm of the ,hawes family in ,king and ,queen ,county1 ,virginia4 ,fruit large1 globular1 slightly flattened1 dull yellow at maturity1 with russet spots2 flesh a little coarse1 very juicy1 rich1 sweet1 vinous2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,hawkesbill4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,the ,hawkes bill peare is of a middle size1 somewhat like unto the ,rowling pears4 ,hays4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahdd4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bch4 #ahed4 ,exhibited1 from the ,pomological ,garden1 ,salem1 ,mass41 at the sixteenth annual meeting of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society1 ,september1 #ahdd4 ,placed on the rejected list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahed4 ,heathcot4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3dch1 fig4 #cc4 #ahdf4 ,raised in #ahab on the estate of ,governor ,gore in ,waltham1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 greenish-yellow becoming lemon-yellow1 very few dots and a few russet streaks1 slightly browned on the sunny side2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 very melting1 buttery and juicy2 in flavor it is rich1 sprightly1 juicy and excellent1 with little perfume2 ,oct4 ,hebe4 #a4 ,horticulturist #ba3aih1 fig4 #hd4 #ahff4 ,raised by ,william ,sumner of ,pomaria1 ,s4 ,c4 ,fruit large2 specimens have often weighed #bh ounces1 #f of fair size of this pear generally weigh #h lbs41 globular1 obovate1 with irregular protuberances1 lemon-yellow inclined to greenish1 dotted with russet specks and blotches2 flesh melting1 sprightly1 buttery1 slightly vinous1 has no matured seeds1 and seldom forms seeds at all2 ,dec4 in ,south ,carolina4 ,hedwig von der ,osten4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bca4 #ahhi4 ,hedwige d',osten4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3agc1 fig4 #ahc4 #ahgh4 ,herr ,schmidt1 ,blumberg1 received this variety from ,van ,mons under ,number #ea and dedicated it to the daughter of a zealous pomologist of his country4 ,fruit rather large1 long-pyriform1 rather deformed in contour1 water-green changing to dull pale yellow1 usually rather golden on the face next the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 buttery1 very melting1 very juicy and delicately perfumed2 good for amateurs2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,hegeman4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghj4 #ahfi4 ,hagerman4 #b4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #bge4 #ahfg4 ,originated on the farm of ,andrew ,hegeman1 ,north ,hempstead1 ,long ,island4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 rather variable in form and color1 greenish-yellow1 netted and dotted with russet2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,heilige ,angelika-,birne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ajh4 #ahef4 ,coblenz1 #agib2 published by ,diel1 #ahjf4 ,fruit rather large1 obtuse-conic1 with unequal sides1 pale green changing to light yellowish-green1 dotted with rusty gray1 and rather russeted on the side touched by the sun2 flesh whitish1 with light green veinings1 fine-grained1 buttery2 first for dessert and household use2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,hlne ,grgoire4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3gi1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bgj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,xavier ,grgoire1 a tanner at ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 obtained this pear in #ahdj from a bed of the seeds of the pear ,pastorale4 ,fruit large or very large1 ovate1 inclined to be contorted at times1 smooth1 shining1 dotted and veined with russet1 stained with the same around the stem and calyx2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 semi-buttery1 green under the skin1 free from grit1 full of sweet juice1 delicate and possessed of an exquisite buttery flavor2 first2 early ,oct4 ,hellmann ,melonenbirn4 #a4 ,koch ,deut4 ,obst4 #dha4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3,no4 #ci1 ,pl4 #ci4 #ahhb4 ,german2 first published in #ahfj4 ,fruit large1 globular-obtuse1 very variable2 skin thick1 dark green becoming citron-yellow at maturity1 large russet dots1 slightly washed with red on the sunny side2 flesh yellowish-white1 melting1 agreeably sweet and vinous1 very juicy and having a muscatel flavor2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,hemminway4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3adc4 #aijh4 ,madame ,hemminway4 #b4 ,ellwanger ,barry ,cat4 #ah4 #aijj4 ,introduced by ,ellwanger and ,barry4 ,american4 ,fruit large1 obovate-blunt-pyriform1 green turning yellow1 russeted2 stem long1 thick1 in a small1 narrow cavity2 flesh yellowish1 melting1 sweet1 juicy2 good2 ,oct4 ,henkel4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3fa1 fig4 #e4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gha1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,henkel d',automne4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bgb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,van ,mons raised this pear before #ahcd and in #ahce or #ahcf it was introduced at ,boston by ,kenrick and ,manning4 ,this is the ,cumberland of the ,belgians4 ,fruit rather large1 broad-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 netted and patched with russet1 sprinkled with green and brown dots2 stem rather stout1 inclined1 inserted by a ring or lip2 calyx partially open2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 rich1 slightly vinous2 very good to best2 ,sept4 ,henri ,bivort4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3dfb4 #ahed4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bgc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,poire ,henri4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3acg1 fig4 #fg4 #ahff-gc4 ,issued from the last seed beds made at ,louvain by ,van ,mons and bought in #ahdd by ,bivort who transplanted the seedlings to ,geest-,saint-,rmy near ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit large or above medium1 obtuse-pyramidal1 smooth1 olive-yellow1 dotted with brown1 striped and mottled with greenish russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 semi-buttery1 rather melting1 rarely very gritty1 juice plentiful1 sweet1 acid1 aromatic and delicate2 first2 end of ,aug4 ,henri ,bouet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bgd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,obtained in #ahfa by ,henri ,bouet1 a nurseryman at ,fougereuse1 ,deux-,svres1 ,fr41 from ,duchesse d',angoulme fertilized by ,jargonelle 7,french74 ,fruit large1 turbinate-ovate1 bossed1 mammillate at crown and generally somewhat contorted1 pale yellow1 dotted and striated with fawn1 spotted with greenish-russet around stalk2 flesh very white and fine1 melting1 gritty around the core1 extremely juicy1 sugary1 perfumed1 acidulous and possessing a delicious flavor2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,henri de ,bourbon4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bcb4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3fd4 #aijh4 ,published in ,germany in #ahha4 ,in ,experimental ,orchard at ,agassiz1 ,b4 ,c41 #aijj4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 green changing to yellow1 some brown2 flesh juicy1 melting1 sweet2 good to very good2 mid-season4 ,henri ,capron4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bge1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eib4 #ahhd4 ,stated by ,baron ,biedenfeld in #ahed to have issued from a seed bed of ,van ,mons1 it was propagated by the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers in #ahdh4 ,fruit medium1 long-ovate-acute passing at the top into the stem2 skin rough to the touch1 gray-green1 clouded with dark yellow and dotted with russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting or semi-melting1 inclined to decay before falling1 very juicy1 sugary1 aromatic1 often rather astringent2 variable in quality2 ,sept4 ,henri ,decaisne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 #cfb4 #ahhb4 ,on trial with ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 handsomely washed with vermilion at maturity2 flesh melting1 and of agreeable flavor2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,henri ,desportes4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bgf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghb4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 it fruited first in #ahfb4 ,fruit large or below1 turbinate-obtuse1 ventriculous1 strongly bossed1 generally irregular and much less curved on one side than the other2 skin thick1 orange-yellow dotted with gray-russet1 slightly vermilioned on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 very melting2 juice abundant1 vinous1 sugary2 first2 ,aug4 ,henri ,grgoire4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ic4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,simon-,louis at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf1 and in #ahie and was very much recommended by the firm in both of those years4 ,fruit medium2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,henri ,ledocte4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahgf4 ,one of ,m4 ,grgoire's seedlings4 ,fruit medium size2 flesh melting2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,henri ,quatre4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3agc1 fig4 #f4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bgg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,henry the ,fourth4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghb4 #ahfi4 ,on the authority of ,diel it appears that this pear was originated by ,m4 de ,witzthumb before #ahae1 and was afterward described by the ,vicomte ,vilain ,,xiv1 mayor of ,ghent under ,napoleon ,i4 ,fruit below medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 rather variable1 often contorted and always has one side larger than the other1 greenish-white1 becoming deep lemon-yellow as it reaches maturity1 much covered with fine cinnamon-russet on which are small greenish dots2 flesh yellowish1 coarse or semi-fine1 breaking1 gritty at center1 very rich1 sweet1 juicy and with an aromatic flavor2 good2 ,oct4 ,henrietta4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #d3bca4 #ahch4 #b4 ,ibid4 #dhg1 fig4 #db4 #ahdg4 ,a seedling of ,governor ,edwards1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,fruit a medium-sized and pretty pear1 obovate1 inclining to oval1 tapering towards each end and rather obtuse at the stem2 skin fair1 smooth1 dull yellow1 tinged with red in the sun2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 melting1 juicy2 good2 ,sept4 ,henriette4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3cg1 fig4 #aheh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eic4 #ahhd4 ,raised from seed by ,simon ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 and produced its first fruit in #ahbe4 ,fruit small or medium1 globular-turbinate2 skin rough1 almost entirely washed with russet1 colored and stained with red-brown1 carmined on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 rather fine1 melting1 full of sugary juice1 of an agreeable perfume4 ,henriette ,van ,cauwenberghe4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aga1 fig4 #hf4 #ahgb4 ,from ,lievin ,van ,cauwenburghe1 a business man at ,audenarde1 ,bel41 where it bore fruit for the first time about #ahbg4 ,fruit medium or nearly large1 pyriform-ovate1 globular1 a little bossed2 skin rather thick and firm1 pale water-green and whitish1 dotted with gray-brown specks2 at maturity it becomes dull or orange-yellow and golden on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 abounding in sweet juice1 vinous and pleasantly perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,henry 7,connecticut74 #a4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #b3age1 fig4 #g4 #ahde4 ,a seedling raised by the ,hon4 ,h4 ,w4 ,edwards1 ,governor of ,connecticut and described by him to the ,pomological ,society of ,new ,haven in #ahde4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 green turning to yellow1 with a coppery blush2 flesh juicy1 melting and exceedingly rich and sweet1 not surpassed by any in richness2 ,sept4 ,henry 7,illinois74 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cjb4 #ahie4 #b4 ,phoenix ,nurs4 ,cat4 #ac4 #aijf4 ,originated from ,french pear seed planted in #ahga by ,henry ,c4 ,henry1 ,effingham ,county1 ,ill4 ,said to be a hardy and long-keeping pear of good quality4 ,fruit large1 resembling ,bartlett in shape and flavor4 ,herbelin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium1 having the appearance of ,bartlett2 flesh fine1 a little dense1 very sugary2 ,sept4 ,herbin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat44 #if4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,baltet ,trait4 ,cult4 ,fr4 #cfj4 #aijh4 ,a ,french winter pear cultivated particularly at ,saint-,erme1 ,department ,aisne4 ,fruit medium1 long1 red2 first2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,herborner ,schmalzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahi4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,bel4 ,published by ,diel in #ahjf4 ,fruit medium1 nearly pyriform2 skin smooth1 with fine scales1 light yellow turning to citron-yellow1 without russet2 flesh granular1 gritty1 sweet and acid2 good for kitchen use2 ,sept4 ,herbst-,citronenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aef4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 published in #ahaj4 ,fruit small1 globular1 yellow-green changing to citron-yellow1 dotted with green1 lightly blushed2 flesh yellowish-white1 breaking1 acidulous1 sweet2 second for dessert1 first for culinary use2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,herbst-,klppelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aei4 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons1 #aheb4 ,fruit small1 turbinate-ventriculous1 sides unequal1 green turning to yellowish1 blushed on the sunny side with brown2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 semi-melting2 second for the table1 first for the kitchen2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,herbsteierbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aij4 #ahef4 ,thuringia and ,saxony2 earliest report #ahja4 ,fruit small1 somewhat swelled1 green-yellow1 dotted with dark green1 often strongly blushed with brown1 with yellow dots2 flesh greenish-white1 sweet2 third for the table1 very good for kitchen use2 ,sept4 ,herbstlanger4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #cf1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear growing in the ,voralberg and in ,switzerland4 ,fruit large1 long-pyriform1 almost like ,calebasse in form1 greenish-yellow changing to lemon-yellow1 finely dotted2 flesh yellow-white1 juicy1 saccharine1 with a slightly aromatic flavor2 ,sept4 ,hricart4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3hg4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghc4 #ahfi4 ,cions of this variety were received in #ahcd and #ahce by ,manning and ,kenrick from ,van ,mons of ,belgium4 ,it was placed on the list of rejected fruits by the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahed4 ,tree vigorous and productive4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 often rather oblong1 yellow1 russety2 stem medium long1 rather slender1 set in a small cavity2 basin shallow2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 buttery1 not rich1 peculiarly aromatic1 gritty1 slightly astringent2 good2 ,sept4 ,hricart de ,thury4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3ajb4 #ahec4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghc4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bha1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,thury ,schmalzbirne4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ff4 #ahef4 ,raised from seed by ,van ,mons and dedicated to ,m4 ,hricart de ,thury1 president of the ,society of ,horticulture of ,france4 ,tree a good grower1 rather pyramidal1 neither an early nor a profuse bearer4 ,fruit medium or above1 obtuse-ovate-pyriform1 yellow1 thinly shaded with red in the sun1 slightly netted1 thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 stem long1 rather slender1 curved1 set in a small cavity2 calyx closed1 set in a small1 uneven1 basin2 flesh white1 not very juicy1 slightly astringent2 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,herkimer4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghc4 #ahfi4 ,originated on the farm of ,s4 ,earl1 ,herkimer1 ,new ,york1 previous to #ahfi4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular-oblate1 pale greenish-yellow1 clouded with dull red in the sun2 flesh white1 rather coarse-grained at center1 juicy1 sweet1 melting and agreeable2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,herr ,late ,winter4 #a4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aag4 #ahhj4 ,described as a new fruit in #ahgi by ,barry4 ,it was raised by ,a4 ,g4 ,herr of ,louisville1 ,ky4 ,fruit medium to large1 good in quality and a long keeper1 sometimes until ,may and ,june of the following year4 ,hert4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3ade1 fig4 #ga4 #ahff-gc4 ,from ,thomas ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth1 near ,london1 ,eng4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 ovate-pyriform2 skin thick1 firm1 very pale green1 sprinkled with gray-brown dots1 citron-yellow when ripe and often golden on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting1 sufficient juice which is sugary1 refreshing1 agreeable2 good1 for the season2 end of winter and spring4 ,hessenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adf1 #ahef4 ,german2 ,hesse1 #ahae4 ,fruit medium and above1 curved1 thin-skinned1 greenish-yellow changing to yellow1 with a vivid blush1 often mottled with yellowish-brown2 flesh sweet1 juicy1 becoming mealy2 second for dessert1 first for kitchen2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,hessle4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eic4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahj4 #aibj4 ,hessle is an old ,english pear1 and takes its name from the village of ,hessle in ,yorkshire where it was first discovered4 ,fruit rather small1 turbinate1 greenish-yellow1 much covered with large russety dots1 giving it a freckled appearance2 flesh nearly white1 tender1 with an agreeable1 aromatic juice2 a good market-garden pear2 ,oct4 ,hewes4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3bfi4 #ahed4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ic4 #aheb4 ,raised at ,brandywine1 ,del41 from seed of the ,white ,doyenn which it much resembles though smaller4 ,in #aheb it was in possession of ,aaron ,hewes and was said then to have been in bearing about #bh years4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 yellow2 ,sept4 ,heyer ,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ee4 #ahef4 ,sucre d',heyer4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3he1 fig4 #bce4 #ahgi4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling sent in #ahch to his friend ,herr ,heyer1 a grafter at ,luneburg1 ,hanover1 ,ger4 ,fruit medium1 long-turbinate1 sides unequal1 slightly bossed1 light green turning to yellow1 often flushed with vermilion1 speckled with russet2 second for the table1 first for kitchen2 ,sept4 ,hilda4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahie4 ,distributed by ,daras de ,naghin of ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit resembles ,josphine de ,malines2 flesh yellowish-white tinted with green near the stalk1 melting1 very juicy1 having the flavor of the ,beurr ,gris2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,hildegard4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agb1 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons2 published in #aheb4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-ventriculous1 light green turning yellow1 washed with brown1 sometimes rusty red on the side of the sun2 flesh fine1 free from grit1 very sweet2 very good for general household use2 all winter to ,april4 ,hildesheimer ,bergamotte4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #acb4 #ahbe4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #ac1 fig4 #e4 #ahff-gc4 ,bergamote d',hildesheim4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bdb1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,central ,germany1 #ahbe4 ,fruit medium1 oblate1 medium-ventriculous1 sides unequal1 light green turning to citron-yellow1 without any red blush but a good deal russeted3 flesh melting1 very juicy2 a good dessert pear2 end of ,sept4 for #b weeks4 ,hildesheimer ,spte ,sommerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahi4 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,cludius1 ,hildesheim1 ,ger41 #ahba4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform-ventriculous1 sides unequal1 yellowish-green1 washed with rusty russet on the side of the sun2 flesh rosaceous1 spongy1 sweet1 wanting in flavor2 third for table1 first for culinary use2 ,sept4 ,hildesheimer ,winterbirn4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #dif4 #ahag4 ,german4 ,fruit medium1 ,bergamot-shaped1 of excellent flavor2 ,nov4 to ,mar4 ,hingham4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghc4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,hingham1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 pale yellow1 tinged with red on the side next the sun1 freely dotted with brown specks2 flesh whitish1 melting1 juicy1 vinous2 good2 ,oct4 ,hirschbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #af1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear1 raised from a wilding in ,styria4 ,fruit one of the larger perry or wine pears1 globular and ,bergamot in form1 greenish-yellow1 brownish-red flush on the side opposed to the sun1 brown dots2 flesh yellow-white1 fairly firm1 juicy2 good2 ,oct4 ,hirsenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cf4 #ahef4 ,middle ,rhineland1 ,germany1 #ahjb4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 rounded at the top1 sides unequal1 light green turning yellowish1 often rather brown-blushed1 some russet markings2 flesh fine-grained1 very juicy2 second for the table1 first for the kitchen2 ,aug4 ,hitzendorfer ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #hf1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit large1 globular1 somewhat like ,bergamot in form1 light green1 blushed with a beautiful brown-red on the cheek next the sun1 tender1 dotted2 flesh greenish-white1 firm and very juicy2 end of ,sept4 for two weeks4 ,hoe ,langer ,hoe ,liever4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3ic1 ,tab4 ,,iii4 #agga4 ,dutch4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 somewhat ventriculated toward the lower end1 often rather deformed1 pale green or yellowish-white2 flesh fine1 gritty1 juicy1 agreeable1 savory1 when eaten exactly at the right time1 otherwise it is insipid2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,hofsta4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3ade4 #aijh4 ,sweden4 ,c4 ,gibb called it a fine culinary variety4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform2 good2 mid-season4 ,holland ,green4 #a4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #aij1 fig4 #bf4 #ahag4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #acg4 #ahcb4 ,an old variety described by ,william ,coxe in #ahag1 and stated by him to have been imported from ,holland by ,william ,clifton of ,philadelphia4 ,it was sometimes called the ,holland ,table pear4 ,fruit rather large1 irregular or turbinate in form1 green1 with numerous indistinct spots and small cloudings of russet2 flesh melting1 sprightly1 greenish-white and juicy2 thought much of at the beginning of the nineteenth century1 but considered by ,manning to be worthless in this country4 ,was discarded by the ,london ,horticultural ,society before #ahcg2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,hollndische ,butterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3acf4 #ahef4 ,north ,germany1 #ahjd1 at ,bremen4 ,fruit medium or below1 sides unequal1 light yellow changing to golden-yellow at maturity1 blushed with cinnamon on the sunny side and speckled with brown dots2 flesh white1 melting1 buttery1 juicy and full of flavor2 first for dessert2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,hollndische ,gewrzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ad4 #ahef4 ,holland1 #ahdi4 ,fruit medium1 ventriculous-turbinate1 covered with rough russet2 flesh semi-melting1 very juicy and aromatic2 second for the table1 very good for cooking2 end of ,sept4 ,hollndische ,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cc4 #ahef4 ,possibly of ,dutch origin but reported in ,thuringia1 #agii4 ,fruit small1 globular but variable1 light yellow1 blushed and dotted with yellowish specks becoming greenish at maturity1 thin-skinned2 flesh breaking1 musky1 aromatic2 third for dessert1 first for kitchen2 ,aug4 ,holmer4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eid4 #ahhd4 ,a well-known perry pear in ,herefordshire1 ,eng4 ,fruit very small1 globular-turbinate1 even and regular in outline1 dull greenish-yellow when ripe1 and thickly covered with russet dots1 so as to form a kind of crust on the surface2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 crisp1 and very astringent4 ,homestead4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app41 #aej4 #ahgf4 ,raised by ,asahel ,foote1 ,williamstown1 ,mass41 from seed of ,white ,doyenn4 ,fruit medium or above1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 often pale yellow when fully matured1 sometimes a shade of brownish-red where exposed1 slightly netted and patched with russet and many russet dots2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse around the core1 semi-fine1 melting1 sweet1 juicy1 slightly vinous and aromatic2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,honey4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3baf4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghd4 #ahfi4 ,deux ,fois ,l',an4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,although known in this country as ,honey1 its original ,european name is ,deux ,fois l',an1 or ,two ,times a ,year1 on account of its flowering twice in the season1 the second crop ripening in ,september or ,october4 ,it is of ancient and uncertain origin1 but ,le ,lectier at ,orlans possessed it in his immense orchard in #aeih1 and ,merlet described it in #afge4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular-pyriform1 rarely very obtuse1 generally much swelled in the lower part1 diminishing abruptly toward the stem1 rather bright greenish-yellow1 stained and dotted with gray chiefly on the side exposed to the sun where it is also rayed and washed with carmine2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 granular around the core2 juice sufficient1 sugary and possessing a pleasant1 musky flavor2 ,aug4 ,honey 7,russia74 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ba4 #ahhg4 #b4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3adf4 #aijh4 ,introduced from ,russia in #ahgi under the ,russian name ,gliva ,medovaya4 ,fruit small1 globular-pyriform1 yellow1 blushed red2 flesh coarse1 juicy1 sweet2 mid-season4 ,honey ,dew4 #a4 ,stark ,bros4 ,cat4 #ee4 #aiba4 ,originated by ,mr4 ,raabe of ,illinois and introduced by ,stark ,bros4 in #aiba4 ,fruit large1 roundish1 golden-yellow1 almost covered with rich russet2 flesh tender1 crisp1 very juicy1 sweet2 early fall4 ,honigbergamotte4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gh4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 #ahcc4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 symmetrical2 skin smooth1 uniformly greenish-yellow1 brownish-red on the side next the sun2 flesh semi-melting1 aromatic2 second for dessert2 first for general culinary uses2 ,sept4 ,honnelbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ch1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown in ,lower ,austria4 ,fruit fairly large1 long-pyriform2 skin rather smooth and shining1 greenish-yellow changing to yellow2 flesh whitish1 coarse-grained1 very juicy1 saccharine1 rather astringent and feebly aromatic2 ,oct4 ,hoosic4 #a4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aaf4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,ag4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #aff4 #aiad4 ,raised by ,a4 ,foote1 ,williamstown1 ,mass41 from seed of ,hacon ,incomparable1 and distributed by him about #ahgj4 ,fruit large to very large1 obtuse-pyriform1 somewhat one-sided1 yellow1 with russet dots and light red blush in the sun2 flesh fine1 white1 tender1 moderately juicy1 with a rich almond flavor2 quality ranking as best for all purposes2 first class for near market2 ,oct4 ,hopfenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aij4 #ahef4 ,hesse1 ,germany1 #ahja4 ,fruit small1 obtuse-conic2 skin smooth1 pale yellow1 blushed with a dark glow2 flesh rosy1 fine1 acid1 juicy2 third for the table1 first for kitchen2 end of ,aug4 ,hosenschenk4 #a4 ,horticulturist #h3deh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghd4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed about the year #ahjc by ,john ,schenk1 ,weaver ,township1 ,pa4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-oblate1 light yellowish-green1 rarely blushed2 flesh rather coarse1 tender1 juicy1 melting1 slightly vinous1 with a mild and pleasant flavor2 first2 end of ,aug4 ,housatonic4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app41 #aea4 #ahgf4 ,originated in the garden of ,john ,j4 ,howe1 ,birmingham1 ,conn4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-pyriform2 surface uneven1 greenish-yellow1 with many green and brown dots2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 juicy1 melting1 rich1 vinous2 ,nov4 ,houser4 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ch4 #ahif4 ,a native pear reported to the ,missouri ,state ,horticultural ,society in #ahif4 ,hovey4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bhd1 figs4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghd4 #ahfi4 ,propagated by ,andr ,leroy in #ahec and dedicated by him to the ,american pomologist ,hovey4 ,fruit medium or above1 conic-pyriform or turbinate-obtuse-pyriform1 variable but always very long2 skin fine and very smooth1 bright yellow1 finely dotted with gray and stained with patches of russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 melting1 watery and slightly granular2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 and possessing a musky perfume2 first2 ,nov4 ,howard4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghe4 #ahfi4 ,disseminated by ,d4 ,w4 ,coit1 ,norwich1 ,conn4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 pale yellow1 with patches of russet and thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 rich1 slightly perfumed1 pleasant2 very good2 ,sept4 ,howe ,winter4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgc4 #aheh4 ,said to have originated in ,virginia4 ,fruit large1 globular1 yellow-russeted2 good2 late4 ,hubert ,grgoire4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 ,in the trial orchards of ,simon-,louis ,bros4 at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit rather large2 first2 ,jan4 ,huffcap4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #dae4 #ahca4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3bji4 #ahcb4 ,of several varieties of the ,huffcap perry pears such as the ,brown1 ,red1 and ,yellow1 growing in ,herefordshire1 ,eng41 this is the best4 ,fruit middle sized1 ovate1 pale green marked with gray russet4 ,hffel ,bratbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3c4 #ahef4 ,upper ,hesse1 ,prussia1 #ahai4 ,a variety of the ,volema class4 ,fruit large1 broad-turbinate1 with unequal sides1 light green turning to yellowish1 often faintly blushed1 numerous russet spots2 flesh aromatic1 breaking1 juicy2 first for household use2 ,dec4 to ,apr4 ,huggard4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3adg4 #aijh4 ,originated at ,whitby1 ,ontario1 ,can41 from ,beurr ,clairgeau crossed with ,beurr d',anjou4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellow with red blush2 flesh sweet1 juicy1 good2 medium late4 ,huguenot4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cid4 #ahde4 ,originated by a ,mr4 ,johonnot of ,salem1 ,mass4 ,rejected by the ,american ,pomologica4 ,society1 ,october1 #ahej4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 smooth1 pale yellow1 sprinkled with large spots of bright red2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 semi-breaking1 sweet but wanting in flavor and juice2 poor2 ,oct4 ,huhle de ,printemps4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3aei1 fig4 #cfh4 #ahhj4 ,this pear was received in ,france by ,m4 ,papeleu from ,m4 ,hartwiss1 director of the ,imperial ,gardens at ,nikita1 ,southern ,russia1 about #ahfj4 ,fruit medium1 cylindrical-ovate1 rather in form like a small cask or keg1 even in contour2 skin thick1 firm1 more or less intense green1 dotted with brownish-gray specks1 very small and numerous and mingled with small strokes of russet over nearly all the surface2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 rather gritty near the core1 sufficiently juicy1 with a refreshing and agreeable flavor2 cooking2 end of winter4 ,hull4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3dcb4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,ibid4 #aj3baa4 #ahdd4 ,the original tree was found in ,swansey1 ,mass41 about #ahae4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 yellowish-green1 russeted1 some dull red on the sunny side2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 melting1 juicy1 gritty at core1 pleasantly perfumed2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,hungerford ,oswego4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghf4 #ahfi4 ,from ,oswego1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 yellow1 with brown dots2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 gritty1 sweet2 good2 ,oct4 ,hunt ,connecticut4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3cje4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ege4 #aheg4 ,an ,american cooking pear4 ,rejected by the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahed4 ,fruit medium1 oblate1 yellowish-green1 coarse1 dry1 and sweet4 ,huntington4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bc3aaa1 fig4 #d4 #aheg4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3aee1 fig4 #gf4 #ahff-gc4 ,a wilding found by ,james ,huntington1 ,new ,rochelle1 ,n4 ,y4 ,in #aheg it was considered to be #bj or #cj years old4 ,fruit under medium1 globular-obovate1 yellow1 with numerous russet dots and sometimes a red cheek2 flesh fine texture1 buttery1 slightly vinous1 with a delicate aroma2 very good2 ,sept4 ,hurbain d',hiver4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eid4 #ahhd4 ,fruit small1 ,bergamot-shaped1 even and handsome in outline1 fine golden yellow in the shade1 strewed and mottled with patches of thin cinnamon-colored russet1 with a patch of russet around the stalk1 washed with bright red on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 melting1 rather coarse1 juicy1 sweet1 without much perfume2 second2 ,nov4 ,hussein ,armudi4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eid4 #ahhd4 ,an oriental pear1 published in #ahcb4 ,fruit below medium1 obovate1 smooth1 bright green at first changing to greenish-yellow1 strewed with russety dots of brown and some traces of russet2 flesh whitish1 gritty at core1 tender1 melting1 very juicy1 with a rich1 vinous1 sweet flavor2 first for table2 ,sept4 ,hutcherson4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3adh4 #aijh4 ,reported in the experimental orchard at ,agassiz1 ,b4 ,c41 in #aijj4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow2 flesh melting1 juicy1 sweet2 mid-season4 ,huyshe ,prince ,consort4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #ab3hi1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahj4 #aibj4 ,fruited in #ahfd by the ,rev4 ,john ,huyshe of ,cullompton1 ,devon1 ,eng41 from ,beurr d',arenberg fertilized by ,passe ,colmar4 ,fruit very large1 oblong1 uneven and bossed in outline1 grass-green becoming sometimes yellowish-green1 thickly covered with large russet dots2 flesh yellow1 with a greenish tinge1 melting1 rather crisp1 very juicy1 sweet1 vinous1 with a very powerful and peculiar flavor unlike any other pear2 a first quality1 delicious fruit2 ,nov4 ,huyshe ,prince of ,wales4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ea4 #ahfd4 #b4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #a3cib1 fig4 #gb4 #ahhj4 ,huyshe ,bergamot4 #c4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #d3hcf1 fig4 #a4 #aheg4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bd3bgf4 #aheh4 ,of the same origin as ,huyshe ,victoria4 ,first fruited in #ahef and named ,huyshe ,bergamot but later changed to ,huyshe ,prince of ,wales4 ,fruit large1 globular-oval1 even in outline1 lemon-yellow covered with a finely reticulated cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 melting1 juicy and richly flavored2 first2 end of ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,huyshe ,princess of ,wales4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #h4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahj4 #aibj4 ,this pear1 first fruited in #ahfc1 is of the same origin as ,huyshe ,victoria4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 even in outline1 abrupt at the stalk1 lemon-yellow sprinkled with patches1 veins and dots of pale cinnamon-russet2 flesh of a deep yellow1 fine1 very melting1 abundantly juicy1 richly flavored and highly aromatic2 very excellent2 ,nov4 ,huyshe ,victoria4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #d3gf4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aha4 #aibj4 ,victoria4 #c4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #hcf1 fig4 #b4 #aheg4 ,victoria d',huyse4 #d4 ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3cc1 fig4 #dig4 #ahha4 ,rev4 ,john ,huyshe1 a clergyman at ,clysthydon ,rectory1 near ,cullompton1 ,devon1 ,eng41 raised1 about #ahcc1 three plants from pips of one fruit from ,marie ,louise1 hybridized with ,gansel ,bergamot4 ,of these three plants one produced fruit in #ahed or #ahee and was named ,huyshe ,victoria4 ,the other two fruited in subsequent years and were named ,huyshe ,prince of ,wales and ,huyshe ,princess of ,wales1 respectively2 these three together with a fourth1 ,huyshe ,prince ,consort1 being known as the ,royal ,pears4 ,tree vigorous1 spreading1 very productive4 ,fruit medium in size1 ovate-pyriform or ovate-acute-pyriform1 yellow1 freckled and veined with thin1 smooth cinnamon-russet2 stem medium in length1 stout1 generally inclined and inserted without depression2 calyx open2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 melting1 vinous2 good to very good2 ,nov4 ,hyacinthe du ,puis4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ic4 #ahie4 ,in trial orchards of ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,fruit medium2 flesh rather fine1 salmon tinted1 savory1 juicy2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,ickworth4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aid4 #ahcb4 ,originated by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,president of the ,london ,horticultural ,society1 who in #ahcb sent cions to ,mr4 ,lowell and the ,massachusetts ,agricultural ,society4 ,fruit melting1 rich1 rose-flavored2 ,mar4 and ,apr4 ,ida4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 ,on trial with ,messrs ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 ,doyenn-shaped1 yellowish-green washed with red-brown2 flesh buttery2 first2 ,oct4 ,ilinka4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahie4 #b4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #cf3cfh4 #aijd4 ,this variety was published by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie as having been received by them from ,m4 ,niemetz1 ,winnitza1 ,european ,western ,russia4 ,fruit medium to large1 yellow1 blushed with red on the side of the sun2 medium quality2 end of ,july4 ,impriale ,feuilles de ,chne4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bbh1 ,pl4 ,,liv4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bhg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,oak-,leaved ,imperial4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbb4 #ahfi4 ,impriale4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eif4 #ahhd4 ,the origin of this pear is unknown but it was propagated by the ,chartreux ,monks of ,paris in #ageb4 ,the tree is very vigorous and hardy and the leaves are singular in that1 due to their peculiar indenting and puckering1 they have the appearance of being sinuated like those of the oak4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 irregular1 mammillate at the summit and always having one side larger than the other1 dull yellow1 covered with large reddish dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 juicy1 gritty at center1 sugary1 almost without perfume2 first for cooking1 third for dessert2 ,feb4 to ,may4 ,incommunicable4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cgf4 #ahca4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3aca4 #ahdc4 ,flemish4 ,in a list of pears grown in ,france and the ,netherlands sent by ,joseph ,parmentier to the ,london ,horticultural ,society in #ahbd4 ,fruit above medium1 pyramidal and compressed toward the stalk1 pale grass-green1 thickly sprinkled with small gray-russety specks2 stem short1 stout1 inclined2 flesh yellowish-white1 tinged near the core with a light shade of orange1 a little gritty1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 with a slight musky perfume2 latter half of ,oct4 ,incomparable de ,beuraing4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 ,a ,french pear1 presumably1 published first by ,grgoire and on trial in the trial-orchard of ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis in #ahgf4 ,fruit very large2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy2 of rather good quality2 ,nov4 ,indian ,queen4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cb4 #ahgj4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ff4 #ahge4 ,exhibited by ,henry ,mc,laughlin1 ,bangor1 ,me41 before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahgj4 ,fruit rather large1 long-pyriform1 greenish-yellow with a brown cheek2 flesh coarse1 semi-melting1 sweet1 not rich1 insipid2 good for market only2 ,sept4 ,infortune4 #a4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3fi1 fig4 #aca4 #ahgh4 ,said to have been shown at the ,exhibition of ,gotha1 ,ger41 in #aheg4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-ovoid1 ordinarily regular in contour2 skin rather thick1 clear green spotted with gray specks1 round1 small1 numerous2 at maturity the basic green becomes a dull pale yellow and golden on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine and melting1 gritty round the core2 juice sufficient and sweet2 second2 ,aug4 ,ingnieur ,wolters4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium2 flesh fine1 very sugary1 perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,innomine4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3bac4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aee4 #ahcb4 ,raised by ,van ,mons who in #ahca sent cions of it to the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,fruit over #d inches in length and nearly #c-a_/b in breadth1 rather pyramidal1 swollen at the middle2 skin light green1 mottled with pale fawn color1 partially yellow at maturity2 flesh delicate1 melting1 sweet1 and full of a pleasant odor2 good2 between summer and autumn4 ,international4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahie4 ,reported in the trial orchards of ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,fruit medium2 first2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,iris ,grgoire4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bc3aee4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bij1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling raised by ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 it fruited for the first time in #ahec4 ,fruit variable in size1 sometimes below medium1 long-conic1 swelled at base1 bossed1 and corrugated at apex1 a clear golden-yellow1 finely dotted and streaked with gray1 washed with fawn at either pole2 flesh white1 semi-fine and melting1 rather dry and gritty2 juice insufficient1 sweet1 having a pleasant aroma2 second or even third when especially deficient in juice2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,isabella4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #df4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass42 it fruited first in #ahff4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 light green blushed with red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 juicy1 sprightly1 agreeable2 ,oct4 ,isabelle de ,malves4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ha1 fig4 #cbi4 #ahhj4 ,this pear is ,no4 #dc in ,les fruits du jardin ,van ,mons by ,m4 ,bivort but is stated by ,mas to have been obtained by ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit small or nearly medium1 fig-like in form1 i4 e41 ovate-conic1 regular in contour1 a lively green speckled with gray dots1 some russet around each pole2 at maturity the green becomes yellowish2 flesh whitish1 melting1 juicy1 vinous1 refreshing2 first2 end of ,july and early ,aug4 ,island4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgc4 #aheh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghh4 #ahfi4 ,originated with ,cornelius ,bergen on ,bergen ,island adjoining ,long ,island about #ahdh4 ,fruit medium1 short-pyriform inclining to turbinate1 often turbinate or ,bergamot-shaped1 pale yellow1 netted1 sprinkled1 and patched with russet1 covered thickly with small brown spots and slightly shaded with crimson where exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 a little granular1 juicy1 melting1 with a sprightly1 perfumed1 somewhat aromatic flavor2 very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,italienische ,winterbergamotte4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gd4 #ahef4 ,italy1 #ahai4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 slightly bossed1 light green changing to yellowish-green1 often blushed with brown1 speckled with numerous fine1 brown dots2 flesh yellowish1 coarse-grained1 juicy1 melting and sweet2 third for the table1 first for kitchen2 ,apr4 and ,may4 ,ives4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgc4 #aheh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghh4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,dr4 ,eli ,ives1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,fruit small to medium1 rather globular1 greenish1 brownish-red cheek2 flesh melting1 sugary1 juicy2 good2 ,sept4 ,ives ,august4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghh4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,dr4 ,eli ,ives4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 green1 with a brownish-red cheek2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-melting1 juicy1 rather astringent2 good2 ,aug4 ,ives ,bergamotte4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgc4 #aheh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghh4 #ahfi4 ,originated by ,dr4 ,eli ,ives4 ,fruit medium or small1 globular1 greenish-yellow with some traces of russet2 flesh rather coarse1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 vinous2 good2 ,sept4 ,ives ,seedling4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgc4 #aheh4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cib4 #ahei4 ,raised by ,dr4 ,eli ,ives4 ,fruit nearly medium1 rather globular1 greenish-yellow1 shaded with crimson2 flesh whitish1 coarse and granular1 melting1 juicy1 with a refreshing sugary flavor1 perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,ives ,virgalieu4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgc4 #aheh4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cib4 #ahei4 ,raised by ,dr4 ,eli ,ives4 ,fruit below medium1 pyriform1 greenish blushed with dull crimson2 flesh whitish1 granular1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous1 buttery and melting2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,ives ,winter4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ege4 #aheg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ghi4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,dr4 ,eli ,ives4 ,fruit medium1 depressed-pyriform1 yellowish1 sprinkled with russet spots2 flesh white1 coarse1 granular2 cooking2 ,dec4 ,ives ,yale4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghi4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,dr4 ,eli ,ives4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 mammillate at base of stem1 dull greenish-yellow1 blushed with brownish-crimson in the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 moderately juicy2 good2 early ,aug4 ,jablousky4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bh4 #ahef4 ,originated at ,wittenberg1 ,ger41 in #agii4 ,fruit small1 nearly round1 symmetrical2 skin smooth and polished1 greenish-yellow turning to light waxy yellow1 often slightly blushed2 flesh semi-melting and rather coarse1 having a musky aroma2 second for the table1 first for culinary uses1 first for market2 ,sept4 ,jackson4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #eab4 #aheg4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cib4 #ahei4 ,origin1 ,new ,hampshire4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 short-pyriform1 pale yellow1 somewhat russeted2 flesh white and juicy1 brisk1 vinous2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,jackson ,elizabeth4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghi4 #ahfi4 ,originated with ,s4 ,s4 ,jackson1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 tinged with crimson on the sunny side and thickly dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant and slightly aromatic2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,jacqmain4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bib1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,from ,simon ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 about #ahce4 ,fruit above medium1 long-turbinate1 obtuse1 swelled at middle circumference1 smaller on one side than the other2 skin rugose1 thick1 greenish1 dotted with clear gray and sometimes vermilioned on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 gritty2 juice sufficient1 sugary without any pronounced perfume2 third2 ,oct4 ,jacques ,chamaret4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bic1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,from the last seed beds made at ,laval1 ,france1 in #ahcg or #ahch by ,lon ,leclerc4 ,fruit above medium1 turbinate1 slightly obtuse1 mammillate at base1 bossed at summit1 clear yellow1 dotted and stained with russet2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting1 watery1 rather granular at center2 juice abundant1 sweet1 very sugary and perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,jacques ,mollet4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 ,published by ,boisbunel in #ahff4 ,fruit medium or large1 oblong2 first2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,jakobsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ae4 #ahef4 ,reported from ,wetterau4 ,fruit medium1 long1 green1 changing to yellow1 some brown-russet and very fine dots2 flesh very sugary1 balsamic1 mild and tender2 first for dessert1 domestic and market uses2 ,sept4 ,jalousie4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3baa1 ,pl4 ,,xlvii1 fig4 #c4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eif4 #ahhd4 ,this is one of the oldest ,french pears1 having been mentioned by the naturalist ,dalchamp before #aehf and thought by him to have come from the ,romans4 ,merlet mentioned it in #affg4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate and sometimes obtuse-pyriform2 skin rough to the touch1 yellowish-green1 very much covered with cinnamon-colored russet1 ruddy on the sun-exposed side1 and singularly marked with conspicuous1 lighter-colored specks1 which are slightly raised2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 sourish1 having a pleasant flavor2 hardly first class2 ,oct4 ,jalousie de la ,role4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium2 flesh fine1 very melting1 very sugary2 delicious2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,jalousie ,tardive4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3big1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin unknown1 but it was among the first trees planted in the garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr41 on its creation in #ahcc4 ,fruit large1 variable1 long-turbinate1 more or less obtuse1 or very long-ovate1 bossed and contorted1 depressed at both poles1 clear russet extensively washed with red-brown2 flesh breaking2 first for cooking2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,jalvy4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3bii1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,fruit above medium1 long1 slightly obtuse1 swelled at the middle1 contracted at both ends especially at the summit2 skin rough to the touch1 yellowish-green1 dotted and reticulated with gray1 washed with clear brown-russet on the side next the sun and bearing some black stains2 flesh whitish1 fine1 semi-melting1 free from grit1 but apt to rot quickly2 juice abundant1 refreshing1 sugary2 second2 ,jan4 ,jaminette4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aie4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,pom4 ,france #c3,no4 #aaf1 ,pl4 #aaf4 #ahfe4 ,from a seedling in the garden of ,m4 ,pyrolle early in the nineteenth century4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-obtuse1 pale yellowish-green1 dotted and reticulated all over with gray-russet2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 vinous and aromatic on light soils1 but insipid and without perfume on clayey and humid land2 first2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,jansemine4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #bga4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cjb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the origin of ,jansemine is unknown but it has been cultivated in the neighborhood of ,bordeaux for some #cjj years4 ,fruit below medium or rather small1 short-turbinate or globular-conic1 grass-green1 dotted with gray-russet and clouded with clear maroon on the side of the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine1 granular at the center1 slightly breaking1 juicy1 sugary and pleasantly perfumed2 rather good1 but not first2 ,july4 ,japan4 #a4 ,horticulturist #bc3ga1 fig4 #cd4 #ahfh4 ,raised by ,gideon ,ross1 ,westfield1 ,n4 ,j41 from seeds found in the trunk of his nephew who died on his way from ,japan4 ,fruit medium1 oblate2 skin rough1 reddish-russet-yellow with large light-colored specks2 flesh coarse1 gritty1 firm1 with a consistence and flavor much like that of a delicate quince2 of no value for dessert2 ,oct4 to ,feb4 ,japan ,golden ,russet4 #a4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ggj4 #aijc4 ,golden ,russet4 #b4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhb1 fig4 #afb4 #aiad4 ,canners ,japan4 #c4 ,huntsville ,nurs4 ,cat4 #e4 #aiae4 ,said to closely resemble ,gold ,dust and ,japan ,wonder4 ,tree very hardy and a young bearer1 often blossoming the first year and setting the fruit the second4 ,fruit large to medium1 apple-shaped1 rather flat1 regular1 light lemon-yellow1 with many fine dots1 russeted1 especially about the stem2 flesh juicy1 aromatic1 slightly sweetish2 poor2 texture coarse2 ,oct4 ,japan ,wonder4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhc4 #aiac4 ,japanese1 introduced to this country by ,doctor ,whitaker1 who says of it3 the fruit is rather flat1 large1 apple-like2 color light yellow1 with many white dots covering the entire surface2 flesh white1 brittle1 juicy1 poor in quality4 ,tree an open grower4 ,japanese ,sand4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhc4 #aiac4 ,fruit medium1 apple-shaped1 lemon-yellow1 with russet dots2 flesh hard1 flavor much like ,daimyo2 poor2 late ,oct4 ,jargonelle d',automne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit medium1 fusiform1 long1 yellow1 sometimes washed with red2 flesh very fine1 very melting and juicy2 excellent2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,jaune ,htive4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #bhb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bdd4 #agfh4 ,gelbe ,frhbirne4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3da4 #ahef4 ,french4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 flattened at the lower end1 obtuse at the apex1 yellow-green2 flesh white1 coarse1 sprightly1 slightly perfumed2 juice deficient2 of value only on account of its early season2 ,july4 ,jaune de ,merveillon4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ahi1 fig4 #eha4 #ahha4 ,an old ,french variety4 ,fruit very small1 turbinate1 pale green1 free from dots or marks1 changing at maturity to pale yellow1 golden on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 tinted with yellow beneath the skin1 fine1 semi-breaking1 possessing sufficient juice1 sugary1 and refreshing1 with an agreeable perfume of musk2 good2 beginning of ,july4 ,jean ,baptist4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fa4 #ahef4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cje1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling raised at ,ath1 ,hainaut1 ,bel42 first described in #ahcc4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-conic2 skin rough1 grass-green1 spotted with clear brown and stained with gray-russet2 flesh yellowish1 semi-melting and semi-fine1 juicy1 sugary1 scented and delicate2 second for the table1 first for culinary purposes2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 7,leroy72 ,jan4 and ,feb4 7,dochnahl74 ,jean-,baptiste ,bivort4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3de1 fig4 #aheh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghj4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,geest-,saint-,rmy in #ahdg4 ,fruit rather large1 regular turbinate1 bright green becoming partially yellow at maturity1 marked and dotted with gray-russet2 flesh white1 melting1 buttery1 juicy1 sugary and highly aromatic2 ,nov4 ,jean-,baptiste ,dediest4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3bc1 fig4 #cif4 #ahhj4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,brabant2 first reported in #ahci4 ,fruit medium1 globular2 flesh fine1 juicy1 sugary2 good2 spring until ,july4 ,jean ,cottineau4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #fh4 #ahie4 ,on trial in the orchards of ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf and rated by them in #ahie as a third-class summer pear4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 yellowish-green1 spotted with red on the sun-exposed side2 flesh white1 sugary2 good2 mid-,aug4 ,jean ,laurent4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #id4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis at ,metz in #ahie4 ,tree of remarkable fertility2 suitable for large orchards4 ,fruit small or medium2 flesh breaking2 first for culinary purposes2 ,dec4 to ,june4 ,jean ,sano4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel41 and on trial in the orchards of ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,fruit medium or rather large2 flesh semi-fine1 very sugary and aromatic2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,jean de ,witte4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #g3bhf4 #ahda4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cjg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,passe ,colmar ,franois4 #c4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3g1 fig4 #ahfj4 ,raised at ,brussels early in the nineteenth century by ,m4 ,witzthumb1 director of the ,botanical ,garden4 ,fruit below but sometimes up to medium1 globular or turbinate1 irregular1 surface bossed and undulated1 greenish1 dotted and marbled with a more or less gray-russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 extremely juicy1 sugary1 perfumed1 with a buttery flavor1 quite delicious2 first2 ,dec4 ,jeanne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie1 having been received by them from ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit large or very large1 oblong-obovate2 flesh semi-melting1 nearly breaking1 juicy1 sugary and aromatic2 ,nov4 ,jeanne d',arc4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #eah1 fig4 #aijd4 ,obtained by ,a4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 from a seedling of ,beurr ,diel fertilized with the ,doyenn du ,comice4 ,placed in commerce in #ahic1 and recommended by the ,pomological ,society of ,france ten years later4 ,fruit large1 obtuse1 rather of the aspect of the ,duchesse d',angoulme2 skin slightly rough1 pale lemon-yellow1 tinted with rose on the side exposed to the sun1 speckled with rose1 some marks of fawn color2 flesh white1 granular about the core1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 agreeable1 only slightly perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,jefferson4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gia4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aai4 #ahgc4 ,in a ,report from ,georgia to the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahgc1 ,p4 ,barry wrote of a ,jefferson pear as a native of ,alabama and an early summer fruit4 ,downing gives the following description of a pear of the same name originating in ,mississippi4 ,fruit large1 roundish-obtuse-pyriform1 straw-color1 shaded with red in the sun1 and dotted with small green dots2 flesh white1 not juicy1 sweet1 coarse1 decays quickly at core1 not highly flavored2 ,aug4 ,jersey ,gratioli4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eih4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahb4 #aibj4 ,in the ,island of ,jersey this is known as the ,gratioli and was at the beginning of the nineteenth century grown in ,england under that name4 ,but as ,gratioli is the ,italian name of ,bon ,chrtien d't1 the name was changed in ,england to ,jersey ,gratioli4 ,fruit above medium1 globular-obovate1 greenish-yellow1 covered with large1 rough1 russet spots1 tinged with pale brown next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 very melting1 rich1 sugary1 vinous1 sprightly2 a dessert pear of the highest excellence4 ,jerusalem4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,the peare of ,jerusalem1 or the stript pear1 whose barke while it is young1 is as plainly seene to be stript with greene1 red1 and yellow1 as the fruit it selfe is also1 and is of a very good taste3 being baked also1 it is as red as the best ,warden1 whereof ,master ,william ,ward of ,essex hath assured mee1 who is the chiefe keeper of the ,king's ,granary at ,whitehall4 ,jeschil ,armudi4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #acc4 #ahda4 ,a ,turkish variety1 probably of small value4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 greenish-yellow2 flesh sweet1 perfumed2 mid-season4 ,jewel4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,originated with ,captain ,bankhead near ,edgewood1 ,mo41 about #ahfj4 ,said to be productive and not to have blighted4 ,jewess4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3caa1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eih4 #ahhd4 ,from a seedling raised by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 and so named because the tree grew on a wall fronting the ,rue des ,juifs 7street of the ,jews74 ,it first fruited in #ahdc4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 always a little bossed and more swelled on one side than on the other1 uniformly pale yellow1 dotted1 veined1 and mottled with gray-russet and often slightly roseate on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary and rich2 first2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,john ,cotton4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cb4 #ahfb4 #b4 ,ibid4 #de4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 and fruited in #ahfb4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate1 green2 flesh fine-grained1 slightly acid2 good market pear1 ripens well and bears abundantly2 ,sept4 ,john ,griffith4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gia4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,westchester ,co41 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with numerous brown dots1 nettings and patches of russet2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 wanting in juice1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good2 ,sept4 ,john ,monteith4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eih4 #ahhd4 ,a good quality pear esteemed highly in ,perthshire1 ,scotland4 ,fruit medium1 angular toward the calyx where it becomes rather foursided2 skin bright green changing to yellowish-green at maturity2 flesh greenish-yellow1 melting1 buttery1 sweet and pleasantly flavored2 good4 ,john ,williams4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aaa4 #ahgc4 #b4 ,ibid4 #cg1 #acf4 #ahge4 ,an old ,american variety but not propagated until about #ahgj4 ,in #ahge it was reported to be the best winter pear for ,tennessee4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 clear yellow washed with red2 flesh white1 very juicy1 sugary1 vinous and perfumed2 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,johonnot4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #agg4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3dhd1 fig4 #dj4 #ahdg4 ,raised by ,george ,s4 ,johonnot1 ,salem1 ,mass41 and first came unto bearing about #ahbc4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 irregular1 swollen on one side1 hardly tapering to the stem2 skin slightly rough1 very thin1 pale greenish-yellow1 partially covered with dull russet1 and a little browned on the sunny side2 flesh white1 coarse1 melting and very juicy1 rich1 brisk1 with a delicious1 musky aroma2 core large and slightly gritty2 good2 ,sept4 ,joie du ,semeur4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahie4 ,issued from a seed bed of ,josphine de ,malines1 which fruit it resembles in size and form1 and was disseminated by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,flesh fine1 melting1 saccharine and aromatic2 ,nov4 ,jolie ,lille de ,gust4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gib4 #ahfi4 ,belgian4 ,fruit small1 globular1 acute-pyriform1 pale yellow shaded with crimson2 flesh white1 coarse1 dry2 of no value except for its beauty2 ,sept4 ,joly de ,bonneau4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eii4 #ahhd4 ,first published by de ,jonghe4 ,fruit medium or above1 curved obovate1 pale green1 strewed with spots and veins of brown-russet2 flesh reddened1 or white with a pink tinge1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous2 first2 ,dec4 ,jonah4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ae3gj4 #ahdi4 ,known early in the last century in the city of ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 and said to be one of the parents of ,howell4 ,fruit1 a very hard and tough winter pear1 producing enormous crops every year that seldom becomes mellow and fit for dessert fruit1 but when it does1 it is very good1 being full of rich1 subacid1 slightly astringent juice4 ,jones4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #eae4 #aheg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #gi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,kingsessing1 near ,philadelphia4 ,fruit medium or below1 pyriform1 broad at calyx1 tapering to the stem which meets it by a fleshy junction2 yellow shaded with russet1 bright cinnamon on the sunny side2 flesh coarse1 granular1 buttery1 sugary1 brisk and vinous2 very good2 were it a little larger would be one of the most valuable2 ,oct4 ,joseph ,lebeau4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 ,originated by ,dr4 ,nelis4 ,fruit large2 flesh melting2 first2 ,mar4 and ,apr4 ,joseph ,staquet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cji1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gic4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,bivort from a seed bed made at ,fleurus1 ,bel41 in #ahdd4 ,fruit medium1 often smaller1 pyriform1 somewhat obtuse2 skin fine1 tender1 dull green passing to dark yellow1 dotted1 veined and stained with fawn2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 with a rather delicate aroma2 second2 end of ,aug4 and early ,sept4 ,josphine de ,binche4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 ,described in #ahfi4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 bright yellow ground washed with brown2 flesh semi-melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 with an exquisite flavor2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,josphine de ,maubrai4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #ah3ahc4 #ahhb4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary2 first2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,josephsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aff4 #ahef4 ,austrian4 ,published in #ahai4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-conic1 light green turning to yellowish1 often somewhat blushed2 flesh granular1 semi-melting1 sweet2 third for table1 first for kitchen2 ,sept4 ,joyau de ,septembre4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #eja1 fig4 #aeb4 #ahig4 ,obtained by ,a4 ,hrault1 ,angers1 ,fr41 and first published in #ahgj4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 obtuse1 curved1 golden yellow at maturity1 slight greenish near the summit1 dotted with gray and often marbled with bronze-russet2 flesh white1 fine1 free from grit1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 pleasantly acid and perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,judge ,andrews #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gid4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,pennsylvania4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 yellowish1 traced and mottled with red in the sun2 flesh coarse1 breaking1 dry2 of no value2 ,sept4 ,jules d',airoles 7,grgoire74 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aje1 fig4 #ec4 #ahgb4 ,raised by ,m4 ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel1 and first published in #aheg4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 spherical but somewhat irregular1 often a little bossed or deformed in contour2 skin rather firm and rough to the touch1 bright green speckled with very numerous1 irregular1 blackish dots2 at maturity the basic green becomes whitish-yellow2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 buttery1 melting1 gritty at center2 juice abundant1 sugary1 slightly acid and perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,jules d',airolles 7,leclerc74 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cab1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eii4 #ahhd4 ,obtained in #ahcf by ,lon ,leclerc1 ,laval1 ,mayence1 ,fr4 ,fruit rather large1 long-conic1 greenish-yellow washed with carmine2 flesh semi-melting1 very sugary1 juicy and perfumed2 first2 beginning of winter4 ,jules ,blaise4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cae4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gc4 #ahgf4 ,stated to have been a gain of ,m4 ,millet1 ,nancy1 ,fr41 and to have been known also as the ,bonne-,gris de ,nancy4 ,fruit small or medium1 pyriform1 mottled and dotted all over with fawn2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 perfumed1 refreshing2 first2 ,oct4 ,jules ,delloy4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjj4 #ahhd4 ,fruit rather small1 globular-obovate1 yellow covered with speckles and network of cinnamon-russet2 flesh melting1 pasty1 flavorless2 inferior2 ,dec4 ,julie ,duquet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3caf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,chlons-sur-,marne1 ,fr41 about the year #ahfj4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 dark yellow stained and dotted with fawn2 flesh whitish1 breaking1 granular2 juice sufficient1 insipid2 third for dessert1 second for the cuisine2 end of ,apr4 to end of ,june4 ,julienne4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cdj4 #ahde4 #b4 ,ibid4 #gid4 #ahfi4 ,a beautiful and productive fruit and profitable for the market4 ,fruit medium but varying on different soils1 obovate1 regularly formed1 very smooth1 skin fair1 clear bright yellow all over2 flesh white1 rather firm at first1 semi-buttery1 sweet1 moderately juicy1 rich1 sprightly2 should be gathered a few days before ripe and kept in the house2 ,aug4 ,juvardeil4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cag1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,juvardeil1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr42 its age is unknown4 ,fruit below medium though occasionally rather larger1 turbinate1 regular in form1 slightly obtuse1 swelled at the base1 pale yellow1 evenly dotted with russet and slightly tinged with rose on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine and breaking1 gritty about the core2 juice plentiful1 sugary1 acidulous and scented2 second2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,kaestner4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahgf4 ,belgian4 ,raised by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium to small1 oval1 lemon-yellow1 without russet1 small light brown spots2 skin scentless2 flesh fine-grained1 melting1 very juicy1 acid1 sweet and aromatic2 good2 ,sept4 ,kalchbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #dj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown throughout ,austria and the ,northern ,tyrol though under various names4 ,fruit fairly large to very large1 long-pyriform1 crooked toward the stalk2 skin smooth and shining1 green turning lemon-yellow at maturity1 with a rather shining red blush1 fine green dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 very juicy1 saccharine1 aromatic1 rather astringent1 slightly acid2 among the richest of the wine pears2 ,sept4 ,kalmerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ec4 #ahef4 ,dutch1 published #ageh4 ,fruit large1 conic1 slightly obtuse1 yellow flecked with brown2 flesh rather tender and succulent1 sweet and agreeable2 second for table1 first for culinary use2 ,aug4 ,kamper-,venus4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cjj4 #ahha4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3di1 fig4 #eje4 #ahha4 ,camperveen4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eef1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,of ancient and unknown origin4 ,the ,kamper-,venus has been cultivated in ,holland for some centuries and a ,dutch writer1 ,de ,lacour1 writing in #ageb1 said1 as ,m4 ,leroy thinks1 that the ,romans possessed it and called it the ,pear of ,venus4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 obovate1 smooth1 shining1 very pale green1 sprinkled with dark brown spots2 at maturity the green changes to a beautiful bright lemon-yellow1 marbled on the side of the sun with red2 flesh white1 rather fine1 firm1 melting2 juice abundant1 vinous1 acidulous1 perfumed2 first class for kitchen use2 winter4 ,kathelenbirne4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cja4 #ahha4 ,german4 ,fruit small1 in form of an orange and ,bergamot2 surface polished1 grass-green becoming rather golden1 russeted1 without any red blush2 flesh yellowish-white1 juicy1 aromatic2 best for household use2 ,oct4 and ,nov41 #f weeks4 ,katy4 #a4 ,pearfield ,nursery ,cat4 #e4 #aiaj4 ,said to have originated at ,new ,ulm1 ,tex41 and to be a seedling of ,le ,conte4 ,it is reported that the tree is a rapid1 upright grower1 and an early and abundant bearer2 and that the fruit resembles ,howell in size1 shape1 and color1 and is very juicy1 buttery and refreshing1 with a pleasant vinous flavor4 ,keiser4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cgg4 #ahca4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 gradually tapering from the middle to the stalk1 pale green becoming yellowish-green1 thickly sprinkled with small1 gray-russety specks1 and russet around the stalk2 flesh greenish-white1 a little gritty1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 without any particular flavor2 keeps some weeks from mid-,oct42 hardy1 and bears plentifully upon an open standard4 ,kelsey4 #a4 ,horticulturist #bc3cfc1 fig4 #ajf4 #ahfh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gid4 #ahfi4 ,about #ahec a pear seedling came up in the garden of ,william ,kelsey1 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 and was named ,kelsey4 ,fruit above medium to large1 globular-obovate1 surface uneven1 dull green becoming yellow at maturity1 traces of russet all over the fruit1 many small dark green spots2 flesh greenish-yellow1 melting1 sweet1 buttery1 juicy1 vinous1 slightly aromatic2 good2 ,oct4 to ,feb41 ripening gradually4 ,kennedy4 #a4 ,cal4 ,bd4 ,hort4 ,rpt4 #gd4 #ahia4 #b4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3aef4 #aijh4 ,originated by ,general ,bidwell1 ,rancho ,chico1 ,cal4 ,fruit globular-oblate1 small1 russet2 flesh tough1 gritty2 mid-season4 ,kentucky4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,sp4 ,bul4 #bg3bb4 #aijd4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 obovate1 yellow1 russeted2 flesh white1 melting1 granular1 mild2 very poor2 ,sept4 ,kenyon4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ebc4 #aijd4 ,originated at ,mc,gregor1 ,iowa1 about #ahid4 ,fruit #b to #b-a_/b inches in diameter1 globular1 begins to drop in ,september or ,october and then apparently of no account1 but if picked then and properly cared for until the middle of ,november or later1 changes in color from a dark green to a golden yellow or straw color and is tender1 juicy1 and sweet1 with a very fine flavor4 ,kermes4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ada4 #ahef4 ,raised by ,van ,mons1 #ahbg4 ,fruit medium2 gourd-shaped1 green becoming yellowish-green1 speckled with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-melting1 full of juice2 second for dessert1 first for domestic use2 ,sept4 ,kilwinning4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3aca #ahdc4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjj4 #ahhd4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 dark green1 strewed all over with gray dots1 with some patches of russet1 brownish-red next the sun1 changing at maturity to yellowish-green and a livelier red2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 pleasant1 with a strong perfume2 second2 ,oct4 ,king4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gid4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,oswego1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular-oblate-pyriform1 greenish-brown in the sun1 with many green and brown dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,king ,edward4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cai1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fja4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahb4 #aibj4 ,an ,english variety cataloged by the ,horticultural ,society of ,london in #ahdb4 ,fruit enormous1 sometimes #e-a_/b in4 long and #c-a_/b wide1 pyriform1 gradually tapering to the stalk2 skin smooth and shining1 of a beautiful grass-green changing to yellow1 speckled with dark green dots on the shaded side1 red on the exposed cheek2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 melting1 very juicy1 sweet and acidulous1 with a slight rose-water perfume2 good for cooking2 ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,king ,seedling4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gie4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ggj4 #aijc4 ,origin uncertain but probably ,american4 ,fruit medium1 oblate1 uneven1 yellowish-green1 rough2 flesh granular1 whitish-green1 juicy1 sugary1 aromatic1 perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,king ,sobieski4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3aef1 #bcb4 #aijh4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellow1 with red blush2 flesh juicy1 sweet1 perfumed2 good2 mid-season4 ,kirtland4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3aab4 #ahej4 #b4 ,horticulturist #d3dgf1 fig4 #dji4 #ahej4 ,in #ahai ,professor ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 raised several trees on his farm in ,poland1 ,ohio1 of which this is one4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 rich crimson-russet1 varying to a dull green2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 rich1 sweet1 aromatic2 first2 ,sept4 ,klein ,landlbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #fh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear known as ,landlbirne in ,lower ,austria1 ,green ,landlbirne in ,upper and ,lower ,austria1 and by other names in ,upper ,austria and ,istria4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular or turbinate and very even in contour1 leaf-green changing to greenish-yellow when ripe1 densely sprinkled with very fine russet spots2 flesh whitish1 fine-grained1 juicy1 astringent1 saccharine1 acidulous2 good for transportation2 end of ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,kleine ,fuchselbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #afj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a pear used for perry in ,lower ,austria4 ,fruit small1 turbinate to ovate1 very regular in contour1 yellow when ripe1 covered with cinnamon-russet and finely dotted with green specks1 some red on the sunny side2 flesh white1 tolerably fine1 juicy1 highly saccharine1 only slightly astringent1 very aromatic2 ,sept4 ,kleine gelbe ,bratbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3da4 #ahef4 ,rhineland4 ,reported in ,diel in #ahab4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 pale yellow-green turning to waxy yellow1 dotted with fine1 green specks2 flesh granular1 very juicy1 sweet2 second for table1 first for kitchen2 ,aug4 ,kleine gelbe ,hessenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ca4 #ahef4 ,hesse1 ,ger4 ,reported in #ahjd by ,diel4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 symmetrical1 yellowish light-green changing to lemon-yellow1 very fine dots2 flesh breaking1 white1 granular1 wanting in juice2 first for culinary use2 ,sept4 ,kleine gelbe ,maukelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ca4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bda4 #ahhi4 ,hesse1 ,ger4 ,published by ,diel in #ahjd4 ,fruit small1 round-ovate1 symmetrical1 smooth1 light green changing to yellowish green1 often lightly blushed2 flesh snow white1 buttery1 semi-melting1 musky1 aromatic2 first for the table1 household and market purposes2 ,sept4 ,kleine gelbe ,sommer-,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ci4 #ahef4 ,german4 ,published by ,sickler1 #ahja4 ,fruit medium1 variable in form1 obtuse-conic1 greenish-yellow turning to yellow1 with very minute green and gray specks2 flesh semi-breaking1 very white1 very sweet2 second for table1 first for cuisine1 good for market2 ,aug4 ,kleine gelbe ,sommermuskatellerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bi4 #ahef4 ,petite ,bergamotte ,jaune d't4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ahe1 fig4 #bhe4 #ahgi4 ,nassau4 ,published by ,diel1 #ahje4 ,fruit very small1 turbinate1 shining skin1 lemon-yellow1 seldom blushed1 very finely dotted with light green2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 semi-melting1 musky1 aromatic2 first for household1 good for market2 mid-,july4 ,kleine grne ,backbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahi4 #ahef4 ,german4 ,published by ,diel1 #ahjb4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 symmetrical1 light green turning to yellow-green1 very finely dotted1 rather russeted2 flesh glutinous1 very sugary1 aromatic2 first for household use2 end of ,sept4 for two weeks4 ,kleine ,lange ,sommer-,muskatellerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ci4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bda4 #ahhi4 ,petite ,muscat ,long d't4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3aea1 fig4 #bfh4 #ahgi4 ,thuringia1 ,ger41 #agih4 ,fruit small1 sometimes ovate-turbinate1 sometimes conic-ovate1 regular in contour2 skin thick and firm1 clear green at first1 sprinkled with dots of a darker shade changing to lemon-yellow with the dots little visible1 orange-red on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 tinted with yellow1 rather fine1 semi-buttery1 very sugary and musky2 moderately good2 early ,aug4 ,kleine ,leutsbirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bda4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #afb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown in ,upper ,austria under the name of ,holzbirne and by that of ,kleine ,leutsbirne and other names in ,lower ,austria4 ,fruit below medium1 variable in form1 mostly long-obtuse-pyriform1 gray-green with dark green streaks downward from the stalk1 changing to yellow-green when ripe1 densely covered with minute dots2 flesh whitish1 moderately fine1 juicy1 acidulous1 saccharine1 unusually astringent2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,kleine ,pfalzgrafin4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #efc4 #ahag4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3df4 #ahef4 ,petite ,comtesse ,palatine4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3e1 fig4 #aie4 #ahgh4 ,appears to be an ancient and perhaps ,roman variety4 ,reported in ,germany in #agid4 ,fruit small1 conic-ovate or ovate-pyriform1 water-green dotted with small brown points2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 breaking1 gritty near the center2 juice sufficient and rich in sugar and perfume2 good for the table1 and first class for all the purposes of the cook2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,kleine ,pfundbirne4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #eei4 #ahag4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahf4 #ahef4 ,wetterau1 ,ger41 #aghi4 ,fruit large1 globular-turbinate1 grass-green changing to yellowish-green1 rough1 dotted with gray2 flesh tender1 pleasant1 good for household2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,kleine runde ,haferbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afb4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 ,ger41 #ahjd4 ,fruit small1 globular1 light green changing to pale lemon-yellow1 strongly blushed with dark red1 dotted2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse-grained1 rather astringent1 sourish2 good for cooking1 early ,sept4 ,kleine schlesische ,zimmbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3df4 #ahef4 ,german4 ,published #ahja4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 yellow-green with vivid red blush1 finely dotted with gray and yellow-green2 flesh breaking1 very aromatic and sweet2 second for table1 first for cooking2 ,aug4 ,kleine ,sommer-,zuckerratenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ca4 #ahef4 ,rhineland1 #ahje1 ,dr4 ,diel4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 often rather conic1 yellow-green turning to lemon-yellow1 with dark red blush2 flesh gritty1 sugary1 aromatic2 second for dessert1 first for kitchen2 ,sept4 ,kleine ,zwiebelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aga4 #ahef4 ,reported in ,thuringia1 #ahai4 ,fruit small1 bulbous or globular-turbinate1 lemon-yellow1 blushed1 dotted with gray1 splashed with gray-russet2 flesh whitish1 sweet1 firm1 breaking1 juicy2 good for culinary use2 autumn4 ,kloppelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3h4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdb4 #ahhi4 ,hesse1 ,ger4 ,reported by ,diel1 #ahje4 ,one of the ,volemas4 ,fruit medium1 almost round1 yellowish-white1 changing to lemon-yellow with pale blush2 flesh breaking1 aromatic1 juicy1 perfumed2 second for table1 first for cooking2 ,dec4 ,knabenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cb4 #ahef4 ,german4 ,published by ,diel1 #ahje4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 swelled1 sides unequal2 skin polished1 light green changing to greenish yellow1 often has a dark blush1 green dots2 flesh granular1 very juicy1 sweet and acid2 second for dessert1 first for household2 end of ,aug4 ,knausbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agb4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdb4 #ahhi4 #c4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #db1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown under a variety of names in ,austria and ,germany4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 sides unequal1 greenish light-yellow1 washed and streaked with reddish-brown2 flesh yellow-white1 breaking1 astringent1 saccharine1 with little flavor or aroma2 third for the table1 but good for cooking use1 perry or drying2 end of ,sept4 ,knechtchensbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3b4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 ,ger41 #agig4 ,fruit small1 round pear-shaped1 yellow1 russet dots1 blushed2 flesh firm1 insipid2 good for cooking2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,knight4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3ddi4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gif4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,william ,knight of ,cranston1 ,r4 ,i41 and first exhibited before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahce4 ,fruit medium1 oblate-pyriform1 yellowish pale-green with grayish specks2 flesh melting1 juicy1 sweet1 rich1 aromatic2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,knollbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ahf1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear of ,swiss origin introduced into ,austria about #ahhe4 ,fruit medium to rather large1 long-ovate2 skin leaf-green turning to yellow-green at maturity1 half the fruit on the sun-exposed side often being a dark brown-red2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 very juicy1 saccharine and astringent2 good for transporting2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,knoops ,simmtbirne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih1 #bhc4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdb4 #ahhi4 ,poire ,canelle4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3adc1 fig4 #eeb4 #ahha4 ,origin uncertain1 possibly ,dutch4 ,dr4 ,diel received it from ,harlem under the name of ,franse ,canneel-,peer4 ,knoop described under the name ,fondante de ,brest1 a variety to which he gave the synonym ,franse ,canneel-,peer1 but it is not the ,fondante de ,brest of ,duhamel and other ,french authors4 ,fruit medium1 nearly short-conic1 and sometimes conic and somewhat pyriform2 skin fine and thin1 clear green sown with numerous small1 brown dots changing to dull yellow2 flesh white1 slightly tinted with yellow1 buttery or semi-buttery1 gritty around the core1 juice sufficient1 sweet and perfumed2 good for eating raw and very good for cooking2 ,sept4 ,kolmasbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #afd1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small1 globular or longish-pyriform1 smooth1 shining1 dirty greenish-yellow1 golden on the sun-exposed side1 dotted with red2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 very juicy1 saccharine1 astringent2 late ,sept4 ,kolstuck4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3aac1 fig4 #dda4 #ahhj4 ,koolstock4 #b4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3aeh4 #aijh4 ,origin unknown4 ,reported on trial at the ,experiment ,station1 ,agassiz1 ,b4 ,c1 in #aijj4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 obtuse-conic-pyriform1 rather like ,calebasse in form1 often a little irregular in contour1 clear green on which1 in parts1 are visible very small specks of gray-black2 at maturity the basic green changes to pale yellow and the cheek exposed to the sun is extensively washed or flamed with bright vermilion2 medium early4 ,knig ,karl von ,wrttemberg4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdb4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,lucas ,tafelbirnen #bci1 fig4 #ih4 #ahid4 ,roi ,charles de ,wurtemberg4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #fa4 #ahie4 ,obtained about #ahhf by ,herr ,mller1 gardener to the ,king of ,wrttemberg4 ,fruit large to very large1 oval1 bossed1 obtuse1 pale yellow1 speckled with russet and brown dots2 flesh fine1 nearly melting1 agreeably perfumed1 juicy1 good for dessert and is decorative for the table2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,knigliche ,weissbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ce4 #ahef4 ,holland1 #ahjd4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-conic1 rounded at the apex1 regular2 skin shining1 smooth1 light green turning to greenish-yellow1 green dots2 flesh breaking1 white1 sweet1 aromatic1 fairly melting2 second for dessert1 first for cuisine2 early ,sept4 ,knigsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adb4 #ahef4 ,north ,german1 #aggc4 ,fruit large1 sides unequal1 smooth1 light green turning to yellow1 dotted with fine gray2 flesh breaking1 tender1 sweet2 second for table1 first for household2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,konstanzer ,langler4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #dd1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown in the ,voralberg1 ,austria1 and in ,bavaria1 ,baden and other parts of ,germany4 ,fruit medium to large1 long-pyriform1 greenish1 speckled with brownish-red dots and patches of russet2 flesh greenish-white1 juicy1 of a saccharine and acidulous flavor2 end of ,sept4 ,kraft ,sommer ,bergamotte4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdd4 #ahhi4 ,bergamotte d't de ,kraft4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahie4 ,fruit small1 spherical-oblate1 fine1 bright yellow2 flesh breaking1 sugary2 end of ,aug4 and beginning of ,sept4 ,krauelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afb4 #ahef4 ,reported in ,holstein1 ,ger41 #aghh4 ,fruit small1 globular1 wrinkled and uneven2 flesh granular1 sweet1 wanting in juice2 third for dessert1 good for culinary use2 ,nov4 to ,whitsuntide4 ,kreiselfrmige ,flegelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3e4 #ahef4 ,upper ,hesse1 ,ger41 #ahjf4 ,reported by ,diel4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 entirely covered with russet1 with very dark dots1 breaking1 fragrantly scented2 first for household2 ,jan4 ,kriegebirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3b4 #ahef4 ,switzerland1 ,schwaben1 published #ahjd4 ,fruit small1 globular1 yellow-green1 shining1 dark blush with gray specks2 first for household and market2 ,oct4 ,krivonogof4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #bg3bia4 #ahid4 ,originated in the ,province of ,toula1 ,russia4 ,tree very hardy4 ,fruit of good quality4 ,krockhals4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aja4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 #ahjf4 ,published by ,diel4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 bent or acutely sloping1 lemon-yellow1 cinnamon-russeted1 often having a dark blush1 heavily dotted2 flesh rather white1 granular1 buttery1 melting1 juicy and extremely aromatic2 first for table and cooking2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,krull4 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cf1 #aab4 #ahij4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,pom4 ,man4 #b3beb4 #aijc4 ,krull ,winter4 #c4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhh4 ,originated on the farm of ,mr4 ,krull1 ,st4 ,charles1 ,mo41 about #ahjh1 and brought to notice by ,c4 ,t4 ,mallinckrodt in #ahhh4 ,fruit type of ,lawrence1 medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 green with a tinge of yellow2 stem short1 thick1 in a shallow cavity2 calyx open1 in a shallow basin2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 granular1 tough1 rather dry1 sweet1 flat2 poor to above2 keeps into winter4 ,krummgestielte ,feigenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aia4 #ahef4 ,saxony1 #ahjg4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 thick-skinned1 yellow-green with brown blush and rather rust-colored on the side next the sun1 speckled with very fine dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 glutinous1 very sweet1 wanting in flavor2 third for dessert1 first for domestic use2 ,oct4 ,kuhfuss4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bde4 #ahhi4 ,pied-de-,vache4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ce1 fig4 #baj4 #ahgi4 ,the origin of this pear1 probably ,german1 is not definitely known1 but according to ,oberdieck it was cultivated in almost all the large gardens of ,hanover1 and bore the name of ,pfundbirn or ,pound ,pear at ,hildesheim1 ,gttingen and ,cassel4 ,fruit large1 globular-turbinate2 skin rather thick1 of an intense green1 speckled with dots of a darker shade1 the green turning to yellow at maturity2 flesh white1 tinted with green1 coarse1 semi-melting2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous and refreshing2 good2 ,aug4 ,kurskaya4 #a4 ,neb4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cj4 #ahij4 ,introduced from ,russia in #ahgi4 ,fruit oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 brownish-green changing partially to deep yellow when fully ripe2 stem set in a narrow1 shallow depression2 calyx open in a rather wide1 smooth basin2 flesh nearly white1 tender1 not very juicy1 nearly sweet2 fair2 ,oct4 ,l',inconnue ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3fg4 #ahea4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eif4 #ahhd4 ,unbekannte ,von ,mons4 #c4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #ccd4 #ahha4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 rough to the touch1 greenish-yellow1 covered with large gray dots and patches of cinnamon-russet2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 very juicy1 rich and sugary1 with an agreeable aroma2 first2 ,feb4 ,l',inconstante4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3fc1 fig4 #ecj4 #ahhj4 ,inconstant4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ghh4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling raised either by ,van ,mons or by his successor1 ,bivort4 ,fruit medium1 conic or conic-pyriform1 a little variable in form2 skin thin1 tender1 pale green1 sprinkled with very small and inconspicuous dots of gray fawn2 on ripening the basic green changes to clear yellow1 often preserving a green tint on the side next the sun1 sometimes tinted with light red2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 very melting1 rather granular near the core2 juice abundant1 saccharine and more or less perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,la ,barnaise4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #id4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,p4 ,tourasse1 ,pau1 ,basses ,pyrnes1 ,fr4 ,fruit above medium or large1 well colored2 flesh melting1 juicy2 first2 ,nov4 ,la ,cit ,gomand4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aje1 fig4 #adi4 #ahgh4 ,attributed by ,van ,mons to ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit small1 short-obtuse-turbinate1 usually regular in outline1 very clear green1 whitish1 speckled with very small dots not clearly visible2 at maturity the basic color changes to pale yellow1 slightly golden or washed with a suggestion of red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 rather fine1 semi-buttery2 juice slightly deficient1 sugary1 faintly perfumed2 second2 end of ,sept4 ,la ,france4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #c;d ,ser4 #bg3cej4 #aijj4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,fr4 #bhb1 fig4 #aijf4 ,obtained by ,claude ,blanchet1 ,vienne1 ,isere1 ,fr41 about #ahfd4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 globular-conic1 irregular1 strongly bossed1 greenish1 sometimes pale yellow1 freely dotted with gray2 flesh white1 fine or nearly fine1 very melting2 juice very saccharine1 perfumed2 very good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,la ,moulinoise4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gig4 #ahfi4 ,a foreign variety1 probably ,french4 ,fruit large1 oblong-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 partially netted and patched with russet and thickly sprinkled with brown-russet dots2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly vinous2 first2 ,sept4 ,la ,quintinye4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3egj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised from a bed made in #ahdf by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 a nurseryman at ,rouen1 ,fr42 first published in #ahfj4 ,fruit above medium or sometimes less1 globular1 irregular1 bossed1 sides unequal1 pale yellow1 thickly dotted and shaded with gray-russet1 and sometimes reddened on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 slightly aromatic but agreeably tart2 second and sometimes first when the flesh is well perfumed2 ,mar4 to ,may4 ,la ,savoureuse4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3be1 fig4 #ai4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gig4 #ahfi4 ,probably of ,german origin4 ,fruit nearly medium1 globular-oblate1 intense green with greenish-brown dots2 flesh greenish-white1 buttery1 sweet1 fine1 agreeably refreshing1 perfumed like the ,bergamots1 a little gritty around the center1 third2 all winter4 ,la ,solsticiale4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 ,reported on trial in the orchards of ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,fruit rather large1 elongated1 obtuse1 yellowish tinted with russet2 flesh saffron in hue1 semi-breaking1 very sugary and strongly perfumed2 ,may to ,july4 ,la ,vanstalle4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #agh4 #ahcb4 ,fruit perfectly pyramidal2 highly colored with red2 of medium size2 flesh granulous1 becoming insipid1 and finally soft2 it keeps till the middle of ,october4 ,i did not find this fruit excellent2 it is however1 better than the ,doyenn1 7,st4 ,michael74 ,lacroix4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #c;d ,ser4 #a3ddb4 #ahhg4 ,published in ,revue ,horticole in #ahhg4 ,fruit medium1 regular pyriform1 yellow blushed and spotted with red on the exposed side2 flesh white1 flavor said to be like that of ,easter ,beurr2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,lady ,clapp4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #agh4 #ahif4 #b4 ,ellwanger ,barry ,cat4 #ag4 #aijj4 ,fruit large1 yellow2 flesh juicy1 melting1 vinous2 first2 ,sept41 following ,bartlett4 ,lafayette4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gif4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ac1 fig4 #aii4 #ahgi4 ,originated in ,connecticut4 ,fruit small1 globular-pyriform1 pale yellow1 stained with russet1 passing at maturity to lemon-yellow and the russet becoming golden1 numerous dots of gray-brown2 flesh yellowish1 rather fine1 melting1 slightly gritty at the core1 buttery1 very juicy1 sweet but lacking flavor2 medium2 ,oct4 ,lahrard4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cbd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin uncertain1 but attributed to ,van ,mons4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 mammillate at summit1 sometimes rather elongated but generally more swelled at the middle1 thin-skinned1 yellow-ochre or greenish-yellow1 vermilioned on the face exposed to the sun1 dotted with fine specks and stains of gray especially around the calyx2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 rather granular around the core2 juice abundant1 very sugary1 acid1 and having an exquisite savor2 first2 ,oct4 ,lammas4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #dah4 #ahca4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fja4 #ahhd4 ,originated possibly in the ,highlands of ,scotland1 being recommended for that district by ,lindley4 ,grown also in ,england4 ,fruit below medium1 pyramidal1 regular pale yellow1 streaked with red next the sun2 flesh melting1 tender1 juicy1 agreeable2 good2 ,aug4 ,lmmerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ed4 #ahef4 ,german4 ,franken1 ,bavaria1 #ahji4 ,fruit below medium1 ovate-conic1 whitish-green2 flesh hard1 juicy1 somewhat aromatic1 and sweet and acid2 third for table1 first for cooking and market2 ,july4 ,lancaster4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aai4 #ahge4 ,a seedling grown by ,t4 ,s4 ,lancaster1 ,gloucester1 ,mass41 and exhibited in #ahge4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-pyriform1 yellow1 with brown-russet2 flesh coarse1 juicy1 buttery2 hardly good2 late autumn4 ,landsberger ,malvasier4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3abf4 #ahef4 ,raised by ,burchardt at ,landsberg1 ,ger41 #ahea4 ,fruit medium1 often large1 conic1 even sides1 dark yellow1 speckled with russet dots2 flesh rather white1 buttery1 melting2 very valuable1 first for dessert and market2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,langbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3b4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bde4 #ahhi4 ,d',ane4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3abi1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,switzerland and ,germany1 #ahjd2 particularly popular in the former country where it is very generally cultivated1 and often known as the trangle4 ,fruit medium or above1 very long1 like ,calebasse in form1 greenish-yellow turning to lemon-yellow1 somewhat blushed1 and speckled with dots of greenish-gray2 first for culinary use2 end of ,aug4 ,lange gelbe ,bischofsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adj4 #ahef4 ,holland1 #ahjd4 ,fruit medium1 oblong2 sides unequal2 skin smooth1 yellowish-green turning to light yellow1 sometimes slightly blushed1 dotted with yellow2 flesh spongy1 lacking juice1 glutinous1 sweet and scented with rose2 third for table1 first for kitchen and market2 end of ,aug4 ,lange ,gelbe ,muscatellerbirne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #fh4 #ahie4 ,german4 ,tree vigorous1 fertile1 resisted the phenomenal frost in ,europe #ahgi-ahhj4 ,fruit small1 yellow1 dotted with carmine2 of moderate quality2 second half of ,aug4 ,lange ,grne ,winterbirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bde4 #ahhi4 ,longue ,verte d',hiver4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3acg1 fig4 #edi4 #ahha4 ,a ,german variety cultivated especially in ,saxony and ,thuringia4 ,fruit medium or nearly so1 conic-pyriform1 often rather deformed1 one side being longer than the other at either end2 skin firm1 water-green1 sprinkled with numerous indistinct dots regularly spaced1 the basic green changing to greenish or yellowish-white2 flesh white1 rather fine1 semi-melting2 juice plentiful1 sweet1 sugary1 agreeable but wanting in perfume2 good2 autumn and early winter4 ,lange ,mundnetzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aab1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdf4 #ahhi4 ,thuringia1 #agid4 ,fruit medium1 ventriculous1 grass-green turning to greenish-yellow1 often faintly blushed1 dotted with green2 very good for dessert1 good for household and market2 ,aug4 ,lange ,sommer-,bergamotte4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ci4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 #agid4 ,fruit below medium1 long-turbinate1 yellow-green turning to whitish-yellow1 rough1 heavily dotted with brown1 slightly russeted1 thick-skinned2 flesh yellowish-white1 breaking1 granular becoming glutinous2 first for table2 ,aug4 ,lange ,wasserbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #df1 fig4 #aiac4 ,this perry pear is found spread throughout ,upper and ,lower ,austria4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 very regular in contour2 skin fine1 smooth1 shining1 yellow-green when ripe1 very densely dotted with fine spots1 some cinnamon-brown russet around the stem and calyx2 flesh whitish1 coarse-grained1 juicy1 sweet but insipid and without aroma2 ,sept4 ,langstieler4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aga4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdf4 #ahhi4 ,switzerland1 ,baden and ,wrttemberg1 published #ahcj4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 grass-green1 russeted on the side next the sun1 gray dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine-grained1 tartish2 third for the table1 first for cider and culinary use2 ,oct4 ,suitable for every situation4 ,langstielige ,pfaffenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dc4 #ahef4 ,germany4 ,published by ,diel in #ahbe4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 otherwise conic2 skin rough and entirely covered with cinnamon-colored russet1 often faintly blushed2 second for table2 third for household2 ,sept4 ,langstielige ,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ada4 #ahef4 ,german4 ,published by ,diel1 #ahcc4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform or even gourd-shaped1 light green changing to light yellow1 without russet or red blush1 semi-melting1 fine1 juicy1 sweet1 with cinnamon flavor2 second for dessert1 first for culinary use2 ,nov4 ,lansac4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bda1 ,pl4 ,,lvii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cbf1 #cbg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjb4 #ahhd4 ,herbstbirne ohne ,schale4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3hf4 #ahef4 ,originated at ,haz near ,tours1 ,fr4 ,merlet described it in #affg4 ,in the catalog of the ,chartreuse ,fathers1 ,paris1 there occurs in #agcf the following passage4 ,the ,pear de ,lansac1 or ,dauphin1 which many authors name ,satin 444 was presented for the first time to ,louis ,,xiv 444 by ,madame de ,lansac4444 ,as ,king ,louis ascended the throne in #afch the pear would seem to have been originated between that year and #aheg1 the year in which ,madame de ,lansac died4 ,fruit medium1 sometimes less1 globular-turbinate1 dull yellow1 sprinkled with numerous minute1 russet dots2 flesh fine1 yellowish-white1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 rich1 aromatic1 with an after-flavor of anis2 second1 but first when the flesh is well perfumed2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,large ,duchess4 #a4 ,ala4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #cj3ab4 #ahia4 ,a variety of ,oriental type planted at the ,agricultural ,experiment ,station at ,auburn1 ,ala41 in #ahhe4 ,it was reported in #ahia as free from blight1 and still on trial4 ,larissa4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3eag4 #ahec4 ,submitted to the ,pennsylvania ,horticultural ,society in #ahec as a seedling by a ,mr4 ,ladd of ,philadelphia4 ,fruit small1 obovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 a good deal russeted1 with a mottled red cheek2 flesh rather dry1 saccharine and pleasant2 scarcely good4 ,laure ,gilbert4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 ,distributed by ,m4 ,gilbert1 ,antwerp1 ,bel41 in #ahhf4 ,the fruit bears much resemblance to that of the ,chaumontel1 but its flesh is much more melting and its flavor more sprightly2 ,oct4 ,laure de ,glymes4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cbh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the parent tree was raised from a seed bed made by ,van ,mons in #ahbg at ,louvain4 ,fruit ovate1 or more or less globular and swelled1 nearly always mammillate at summit2 skin thick1 bronzed1 having on the side next the sun some orange-yellow2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 watery1 gritty about the core2 juice sufficient1 sweet1 vinous1 perfumed2 second2 ,sept4 ,laxton ,bergamot4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #bf3dig4 #ahhf4 #b4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #ac3cci4 #ahhg4 ,a new seedling pear shown by a ,mr4 ,laxton1 ,bedford1 ,eng41 at the ,royal ,horticultural ,society's meeting at ,south ,kensington in ,october1 #ahhf4 ,tree fertile and the fruits are not easily blown off by the wind4 ,fruit small1 exceedingly juicy and rich2 a delicious pear4 ,le ,breton4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gih4 #ahfi4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 obtuse-pyriform1 irregular1 yellow1 netted and patched with russet1 with numerous russet dots2 flesh yellowish1 rather coarse at core1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 good2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,le ,brun4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3ejc1 fig4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahc4 #aibj4 ,m4 ,gueniot1 nurseryman at ,troyes1 ,fr41 sowed seeds the plants from which fruited in #ahfb4 ,one of these he named ,le ,brun4 ,fruit above medium to large1 oblong-conic1 slightly obtuse and generally bossed and rather contorted about the summit1 bright yellow1 sprinkled with bright brown spots1 and largely stained with fawn about calyx and stem and often also on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 and dense1 melting1 seldom gritty and rarely has seeds2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 savory but often with an excessive taste of musk1 spoiling its delicacy2 first2 end of ,sept4 ,le ,congo4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 ,distributed by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel41 and in the trial orchards of ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,tree vigorous and fairly prolific4 ,fruit medium2 flesh semi-fine1 very saccharine and highly scented2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,le ,lecher4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #d3ccd4 #ahhh4 ,this seedling1 raised by ,a4 ,lesuer1 ,ypres1 ,bel41 resulted from ,bartlett fertilized with ,fortune4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 yellow1 spotted with drab spots2 flesh white1 juicy1 sugary1 brisk and perfumed1 free from grit2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,leclerc-,thouin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ccj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,m4 ,andr ,leroy at ,angers1 ,fr41 and fruited first in #ahfg4 ,fruit above medium1 conic1 very obtuse and generally more curved on one side than on the other2 skin uneven1 clear yellow1 clouded with green and partially covered with russet on which appear small specks of gray2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 watery1 very melting1 granular around the core2 juice sugary1 vinous and slightly acid1 perfumed flavor2 first2 ,sept4 ,lederbirne4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hi4 #ahde4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #bjb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 truncated-pyriform1 somewhat bossed and irregular in outline1 leaf-green turning greenish-yellow1 gray russet dots1 blushed on the sunny side2 flesh yellow-white1 coarse-grained1 very juicy1 subacid2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,lee4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cge4 #ahed4 ,originated at ,salem1 ,mass4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-oval1 greenish-russet1 brown in the sun2 flesh white1 coarse1 juicy1 good2 ,sept4 ,lee ,seckel4 #a4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #efe4 #ahhe4 ,fruit medium to large1 obovate1 rich russet2 flesh buttery1 rich1 perfumed2 very good2 ,sept4 ,lger4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 ,obtained from a seed bed of ,winter ,nelis by ,m4 ,sannier4 ,tree of moderate vigor1 fertile and suitable for all forms of culture4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate2 flesh fine1 acidulous2 ,oct4 ,lehoferbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #abf1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear widely distributed in ,upper and ,lower ,austria under various names4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular-pyriform1 leaf-green turning yellow at maturity1 dotted and marked with russet1 well-exposed fruit blushed2 flesh yellow-white1 coarse-grained1 very juicy1 astringent1 saccharine1 acidulous2 mid-,oct4 and keeps in storage till end of ,nov4 ,leipziger ,rettigbirn4 #a4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3,no4 #ib1 ,pl4 #ib4 #ahhc4 ,radis de ,leipsick4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3abe1 fig4 #fa4 #ahff-gc4 ,leipsic ,radish4 #c4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms4 ,rpt4 #cgi4 #aijb4 ,originated at ,duben near ,leipsic1 ,saxony4 ,it was published by ,diel in #ahjg4 ,fruit small1 nearly spherical or spherical-ovate1 a little more constricted at the stem end then toward the calyx1 light green turning to yellow-green and slightly golden on the cheek next the sun1 brown around the summit1 and with numerous light brown dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 buttery1 juicy1 very pleasantly perfumed1 having a slight ,bergamot flavor2 good for dessert1 first for cuisine2 ,aug4 to ,oct4 ,lemon 7,massachusetts74 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahff4 ,a seedling of ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass42 first fruited in #ahfb4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 yellow4 ,lemon 7,russia74 #a4 ,ind4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hb4 #ahhf4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #agj4 #ahid4 ,imported from ,russia in #ahgi4 ,it was reported in #ahid to have fruited in ,iowa1 and collectively with some other varieties was described as generally 'off' in color1 coarse1 some of them leathery and corky1 and all without melting qualities or flavor4 ,lenawee4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajf4 #ahef4 #b4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bgc4 #aheh4 ,origin unknown4 ,distributed in ,lenawee ,county1 ,mich41 in #ahef2 it was named by the ,adrian ,horticultural ,society4 ,at that time it was supposed to have been introduced from western ,new ,york some twenty-five years previously4 ,fruit medium to large1 oblate-pyriform1 one side generally being larger than the other2 surface frequently irregular1 lemon-yellow1 with small russet specks1 washed with bright vermilion on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 buttery1 with a high and peculiar1 aromatic flavor2 very good2 early to mid-,aug4 ,leochine de ,printemps4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3bcf4 #ahed4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahgf4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 yellow1 netted and patched with russet1 sprinkled with russet dots2 flesh melting1 white1 firm1 not very juicy2 a beautiful and good fruit2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,lon ,dejardin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahgf4 ,obtained at ,boussoir1 ,maubeuge1 ,nord1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 ventriculous1 resembles the ,beurr ,bollwiller1 semi-melting1 juicy1 sugary1 refreshing2 good for its season2 ,may and ,june4 ,lon ,grgoire4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3fc1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fah1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this variety was gained by ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 and was fruited first in #aheb4 ,fruit large1 sometimes medium1 oblong-obtuse-pyriform1 sometimes more or less globular1 dull yellow1 dotted and marbled with fawn on its shaded side and entirely stained with grayish-russet on the exposed face1 becoming pale yellow and golden at maturity2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 semi-melting1 sweet1 watery1 acidulous1 vinous1 agreeable2 second1 inconstant in quality1 sometimes good2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,lon ,leclerc pineux4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ccc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,in the bulletin of the ,society ,van ,mons1 #aheg1 this variety is stated to have been obtained by ,van ,mons1 though some doubt has been raised as to its origin4 ,fruit large1 ovate-pyriform1 often rather contorted2 skin rough1 thick1 grayish-yellow1 finely dotted with russet and stained with the same around the calyx and stalk and sometimes clouded and streaked with red on the face exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 breaking1 granular at the center2 juice sufficient1 vinous and sugary2 third for dessert1 first for cooking2 ,nov4 ,lon ,leclerc de ,laval4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #c3,no4 #ii1 ,pl4 #ii4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjc4 #ahhd4 ,this1 which is different from ,lon ,leclerc 7,van ,mons71 was obtained at ,louvain in #ahbe by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit large1 turbinate-obtuse-pyriform1 yellow-ochre1 finely dotted with gray-russet and marked with some tracing of russet1 occasionally washed with a little red2 flesh very white1 semi-melting or semi-breaking1 watery1 gritty1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly perfumed2 third for dessert1 first for stewing2 ,jan4 to ,may4 ,lon ,recq4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie1 who received it from ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit large or nearly large1 pyriform1 lemon-yellow when ripe2 flesh fine1 slightly acid1 sugary1 perfumed2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,lon ,rey4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ccf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,in #ahef1 ,m4 ,rey1 ,toulouse1 ,fr41 sowed seeds of the best ,french pears1 and in the following year selected the most promising seedlings1 one of which received the name ,lon ,rey4 ,fruit medium and sometimes rather larger1 turbinate1 very round in its lower part1 and conic-obtuse at the top1 golden-yellow1 finely dotted and stained with fawn and nearly always washed with tender rose on the face exposed to the sun2 flesh very white and fine1 melting1 free from grit2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 having a delicious flavor2 first2 ,oct4 ,lonce de ,vaubernier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gb4 #ahgf4 ,tree vigorous on quince1 very fertile4 ,fruit rather large1 ovate1 very pale green1 touched with russet and washed with dark carmine2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 dense1 of a highly agreeable flavor2 third2 second half of ,sept4 ,lonie4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 of ,doyenn form1 globular-obovate2 flesh melting1 sugary2 good4 ,lonie ,bouvier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ef4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,simon ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,tree vigorous on quince1 fertile4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 whitish-yellow blushed with orange-red2 flesh fine1 very melting and juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 perfumed2 a very beautiful and excellent fruit2 ,sept4 ,lonie ,pinchart4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjj4 #ahfi4 ,described in #ahfi as a new ,belgian variety4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 greenish-yellow1 much covered1 netted1 and patched with yellow-russet and minute russet dots2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 sweet1 melting2 very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,lontine ,van ,exem4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aha1 fig4 #ahg4 #ahgh4 ,obtained by ,henri ,grgoire1 ,beurechin1 ,bel4 ,fruit small1 turbinate or conic-turbinate1 very clear green changing to pale yellow at maturity1 dotted with specks of darker green2 some clear russet covers the calyx and the summit1 and the side next the sun becomes golden2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 full of juice rich in sugar and perfume of the almond2 ,oct4 ,leopold ,i4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #eah4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cch1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a posthumous gain of ,van ,mons which gave its first fruit in #ahdh4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 regular1 swelled in the lower part1 obtuse1 grass-green1 often yellowish1 dotted1 streaked1 and stained with russet2 flesh white1 with some yellow tinge1 fine1 very melting1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous1 aromatic and delicate2 good to very good2 ,nov4 ,leopold ,riche4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hja4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjc4 #ahhd4 ,one of ,m4 de ,jonghe's seedlings4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate1 yellow1 thickly sprinkled with large cinnamon-russet dots2 flesh rather coarse-grained1 crisp1 buttery1 melting2 juice abundant1 rich1 thick and sugary1 with a fine almond flavor2 a very richly flavored pear2 ,nov4 ,lepine4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hja4 #ahfi4 ,tree of moderate growth but very productive4 ,fruit small1 oblate1 yellowish1 shaded with crimson1 slightly russeted2 flesh coarse1 granular1 melting1 juicy1 brisk1 vinous1 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,lesbre4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #dae4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cci1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed at ,boulogne-sur-,mer1 before #ahch1 by ,m4 ,bonnet4 ,fruit medium or above1 turbinate1 very obtuse and swelled1 nearly always mammillate at the top2 skin rough1 olive-yellow1 sprinkled with many large russet dots and small brownish stains2 flesh white1 fine and melting1 juicy1 rather granular at the core2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinegary1 with a delicate scent of anis2 first2 end of ,aug4 ,levard4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cdj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,grown on the seed beds of ,m4 ,leroy1 ,antwerp1 ,bel41 and fruited in #ahfc4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-turbinate1 irregular1 bossed and always less swollen on one side than on the other2 color yellowish-green1 dotted with brown and fawn1 and entirely covered with bronze-russet on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 melting and juicy1 gritty around the core1 sugary1 acidulous1 musky and very rich in flavor2 first2 ,nov4 ,levester ,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agb4 #ahef4 ,hanover1 #aheb4 ,fruit small1 obtuse-turbinate1 sides unequal1 light green changing to greenish-yellow1 often streaked with red and finely dotted with greenish-russet2 flesh fine1 deficient in juice1 granular near the center1 highly aromatic2 first for household and market purposes2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,lewes4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,described by ,john ,parkinson in #afbi1 in ,england1 as brownish greene pears1 ripe about the end of ,september1 a reasonable well rellished fruit1 and very moist4 ,lewis4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3adj4 #ahca4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hja4 #ahfi4 ,originated on the farm of ,john ,lewis1 ,roxbury1 ,mass41 about #ahaa4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 obovate1 obtuse1 dark green in autumn1 pale green at maturity1 with numerous russet specks2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather coarse1 melting1 juicy and rich in flavor1 with a slight spicy perfume2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,lexington4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ahg4 #ahif4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bec4 #aijc4 ,originated in ,kentucky and is said to resemble ,bartlett1 but to ripen two weeks earlier4 ,hardy and free from blight1 but described as too poor in quality4 ,liberale4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ba3eai4 #ahee4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hja4 #ahfi4 ,belgian4 ,introduced to this country as a new variety about #ahej4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyramidal or truncate-pyriform2 skin fair1 smooth1 yellowish-green1 very thickly dotted with large1 conspicuous1 russety specks1 and patched with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 a little coarse1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 rich1 with a peculiar almond1 aromatic perfume2 a very handsome and fine fruit2 ,oct4 ,liegel ,honigbirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdh4 #ahhi4 ,poire de ,miel de ,liegel4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3dg1 fig4 #bd4 #ahgb4 ,origin uncertain1 probably ,german4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform2 skin fine and smooth1 at first pale green turning to pale yellow1 more golden on the side next the sun and very rarely touched with rose2 flesh yellow1 fine1 melting1 full of sugary juice1 vinous1 and with a distinct savor of musk2 first2 ,oct4 ,lieutenant ,poidevin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cdd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjd4 #ahhd4 ,flon-,grolleau1 a ,frenchman1 obtained this variety in #ahec4 ,fruit large1 obovate and undulating2 skin fine1 yellow-ochre dotted with gray2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 gritty around the center1 sugary1 vinous2 second for dessert1 first for cooking2 ,mar4 and ,apr4 ,limon4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3eg4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjb4 #ahfi4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling4 ,fruit rather small1 obovate1 yellow1 with a faint red cheek2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting and juicy1 with a sprightly flavor2 very good2 mid-,aug4 ,linzer ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ahh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear taking its name from the town of ,linz near ,hauptstadt in ,upper ,austria4 ,fruit medium1 globular to pyriform1 yellow1 strongly carmined on the sun-exposed side and dotted with red2 flesh yellow-white1 coarse-grained1 with a saccharine1 astringent flavor2 ,oct4 ,livingston ,virgalieu4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjc4 #ahfi4 ,an old variety1 grown to some extent along the ,hudson ,river4 ,fruit globular-obovate1 greenish-yellow1 patched and dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 nearly melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good2 ,sept4 ,locke4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #c3eb4 #ahcg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ddb4 #ahde4 ,raised from seed in the garden of ,james ,locke1 ,west ,cambridge1 ,mass41 in #ahcj4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 full at the crown1 ending obtusely at the stem2 skin fair1 slightly rough1 yellowish-green changing to lemon-yellow when ripe1 spots of darker hue mingled with russet1 tinged with red on the sunny side2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 melting and juicy1 rich1 sweet and perfumed2 good2 ,dec4 ,lodge4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #agh1 #agi4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjc4 #ahfi4 ,a native of ,pennsylvania and understood to have originated near ,philadelphia4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 tapering to the stem and larger on one side than on the other1 greenish-brown1 the green becoming a little paler at maturity and much covered with patches of dull russet2 flesh whitish1 a little gritty at the core1 juicy1 melting1 with a rather rich flavor1 relieved by a pleasant acid2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,loire-de-,mons4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aji1 fig4 #aea4 #ahgh4 ,a gain of ,m4 ,loire1 at ,mons1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 or globular-turbinate1 usually regular in contour2 skin rather fine and tender1 clear and bright green1 sprinkled with gray-green dots2 at maturity the green becomes clear lemon and golden on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 very melting1 full of juice1 acidulous1 delicately perfumed2 first2 end of ,sept4 ,london ,sugar4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cdc4 #ahca4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fje4 #ahhd4 ,english4 ,much cultivated in ,norfolk for the ,norwich market4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate1 pale green approaching lemon-yellow at maturity1 with a slight brownish tinge2 flesh tender1 melting2 juice saccharine and of a rich1 musky flavor2 an excellent early fruit2 end of ,july4 ,long ,green4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjc4 #ahfi4 ,belgische ,zapfenbirne4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aci4 #ahef4 ,longue-,verte4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cdi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,grne ,lange ,herbstbirne4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bbh4 #ahhi4 ,this ,french pear is distinct from the ,verte ,longue which is synonymous with ,verte ,longue d',automne1 though these two pears have been confused and have various names in common4 ,it has been cultivated in ,france for the last #ajj years4 ,longue ,verte has ten ,french synonyms4 ,fruit above medium1 very long1 fig-like in form1 narrowed from middle to stalk1 acute1 grass-green passing to brownish-green on the face exposed to the sun1 uniformly sprinkled with dots of gray-russet2 flesh greenish-white1 fine or semi-fine1 melting1 rather granular around the seeds2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 sweet1 with a characteristic perfume1 often very slight2 second2 ,sept4 ,long ,green of ,autumn4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjd4 #ahfi4 ,verte-,longue d',automne4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gbi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,lange grne ,herbstbirne4 #c4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #aab4 #ahbe4 ,the ,long ,green of ,autumn1 better known abroad as the ,verte-,longue d',automne or ,verte-,longue1 must be distinguished from the ,long ,green or ,longue-,verte4 ,it is of very ancient origin and mentioned in the catalog1 published by ,le ,lectier1 ,king's ,attorney1 in #afbh1 of the immense nursery he created in #aeih4 ,the ,german author ,henri ,manger1 #aghc1 considered the ,verte-,longue identical with the ,viridium of ,pliny4 ,fruit medium to large1 turbinate1 slightly obtuse1 often larger on one side than on the other1 green clouded with pale yellow1 speckled with large gray spots and very rarely blushed on the exposed side2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 very full of a saccharine1 well-flavored1 musky juice2 first when its juice is well perfumed1 but rather variable2 ,oct4 ,long ,green of ,esperin4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjd4 #ahfi4 ,belgian4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-ovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 blushed with crimson on the cheek next the sun1 patched and netted with russet1 with numerous brown dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 juicy1 semi-melting1 vinous2 good2 ,sept4 ,longland4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #dae4 #ahca4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fje4 #ahhd4 ,a very old ,english perry pear chiefly grown in ,herefordshire4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 even1 rather handsomely shaped1 bright gold1 tinged and mottled all over with a lively russety orange1 the side next the sun having a pale red cheek2 flesh yellow1 very astringent4 ,longue du ,bosquet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cdh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling raised by ,leroy4 ,it was reported in #ahfc4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 elongated1 regular1 obtuse and round at the top1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with gray1 washed with brown at the extremities2 flesh greenish1 semi-fine1 melting1 rather gritty at the center2 juice abundant1 very saccharine1 acidulous and deliciously perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,longue-garde4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahgf4 ,on trial in the orchards of ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 highly perfumed2 in season until ,may4 ,longue-,sucre4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3di1 fig4 #bag4 #ahgi4 ,either ,german or ,austrian4 ,cataloged by ,jahn in #ahfd4 ,fruit nearly medium1 conic-pyriform1 dark green1 dotted with gray-brown1 changing to pale yellow1 clouded with red on the side of the sun1 speckled with whitish-gray2 flesh whitish1 fine1 breaking1 deficient in juice and sugar1 acidulous1 with an unpleasant perfume2 third2 end of ,aug4 ,longueville4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fje4 #ahhd4 ,much grown in the ,south of ,scotland4 ,it has been conjectured that the tree was brought to ,scotland from ,france by ,douglas when ,lord of ,longueville in the fifteenth century4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 regular in outline and handsome1 greenish-yellow1 with a tinge of pale red next the sun1 covered with numerous gray-russet specks1 so numerous sometimes as to appear like network2 flesh yellowish1 breaking1 tender1 very juicy1 sweet and richly flavored2 good4 ,longworth4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #agb4 #ahib4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #da4 #aiji4 ,originated at ,dubuque1 ,iowa4 ,its great hardiness and freedom from blight make it valuable in breeding for the ,north though its fruit is not of such quality as to recommend it where choice varieties can be grown4 ,fruit medium to large1 obtuse-ovate1 green turning to yellow2 good2 mid-season4 ,lorenzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dg4 #ahef4 ,saxony1 #ahjc4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-conic1 light green1 blushed with dark brown on the sunny side changing to light yellow1 washed with vivid red1 green dots and some cinnamon-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 melting1 rather gritty around the center2 first for kitchen and market1 second for dessert2 ,sept4 ,loriol de ,barny4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cea1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a gain of ,leroy from his seed beds at ,angers1 ,fr42 it fruited for the first time in #ahfb4 ,fruit medium or above1 very long ovate-pyriform1 often bossed in its contour2 skin thin1 yellow-ochre1 speckled with minute gray dots and showing some stains of russet2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 almost free from grit2 juice very abundant and sugary having a delicate aroma2 first2 end of ,aug4 and beginning of ,sept4 ,lothrop4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #df4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass42 it first fruited in #ahff4 ,fruit diameter #b-a_/b in41 yellow with russet2 flesh white1 with good flavor2 mid-,sept4 ,loubiat4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih1 #bhe4 #ahgf4 ,this variety bears the name of the owner of the parent tree living in the ,dordogne4 ,fruit large1 of handsome appearance2 flesh yellow2 third1 yet of good quality for its season2 spring until ,july4 ,louis ,cappe4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahgf4 ,a seedling of ,easter ,beurr and of similar quality4 ,on trial in the orchards of ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,tree very fertile and vigorous4 ,fruit medium to large1 ,bergamot in form2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,louis ,grgoire4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3adg1 fig4 #gb4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjf4 #ahhd4 ,m4 ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 obtained this pear from a seed bed made in #ahcb4 ,fruit below medium1 obtuse-turbinate1 irregular in form1 much larger on one side than on the other1 rather rough to the touch1 greenish-yellow1 dotted and mottled with russet and generally stained with fawn on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 juicy1 sugary1 highly acid1 often rather astringent1 slightly musky1 and sometimes rather delicate2 second and sometimes third when the astringency of its juice is too pronounced2 ,oct4 ,louis ,noisette4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahgf4 ,published by ,boisbunel in #ahfg4 ,tree very vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-turbinate2 flesh fine1 very melting and very juicy1 sugary and sprightly2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,louis ,pasteur4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bbc4 #aiji4 ,obtained by ,arsne ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,fruit smooth and fine1 clear yellow1 strongly washed with fawn on one face and covered with patches of the same color on the other side2 flesh yellowish-white1 the yellow being more noticeable near the skin1 very fine1 melting1 and sugary1 sprightly and perfumed2 very good2 ,dec4 ,louis-,philippe4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #afi4 #ahda4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ced1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin uncertain1 though it was described by ,prvost1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 in #ahdh4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 very obtuse and very irregular in form1 swelled1 especially on one side on its lower half2 skin rough and bronzed all over on a basis of gray-green1 sprinkled with numerous large1 prominent1 brownish dots2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-breaking2 juice not abundant1 more or less acid1 wanting in sugar1 slightly perfumed2 second2 early ,oct4 ,louis ,van ,houte4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh4 #ahgf4 ,classed by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 with varieties of doubtful or little merit4 ,louis ,vilmorin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cee1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ast ,app41 #abh4 #ahgb4 ,originated from seed of ,beurr ,clairgeau about #ahfc by ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,tree vigorous1 rather spreading1 very productive4 ,fruit medium to large1 pyriform1 variable1 yellow1 netted and dotted with russet1 sometimes shaded with red2 stem short1 curved2 calyx large1 open2 basin medium1 uneven1 russeted2 flesh white1 half fine1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly perfumed2 good to very good2 ,dec4 ,louise-,bonne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ceg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjf4 #ahhd4 ,merlet the ,french pomologist was the first to write of this pear in #afge4 ,fruit above medium1 variable in form1 ovate-obtuse and swelled in lower half1 or long-pyriform1 narrowed toward the stalk2 skin thick1 smooth1 bright green changing as it ripens to yellowish-green1 strewed with small dots and some markings of russet2 flesh greenish-white1 coarse1 semi-melting1 gritty at center1 juicy1 only slightly saccharine1 generally sweetish and deficient in perfume2 variable for dessert1 but first for compotes2 ,dec4 ,louise ,bonne d',avanches ,panache4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjg4 #ahhd4 ,a variegated form of ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey1 the wood and fruit being marked with golden stripes4 ,it originated as a bud sport4 ,louise-,bonne de ,printemps4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cei1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjd4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 and first published in #aheg4 ,fruit above medium1 long obtuse-pyriform1 regular in contour1 mammillate at summit and slightly bossed at base1 yellow-ochre1 dotted with greenish-gray2 flesh semi-fine and semi-melting1 white1 gritty around the center1 very juicy1 rarely sugary1 slightly sweet and slightly aromatic2 grafted on pear and trained on espalier in a good situation it is a pear of high merit2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,louise ,bonne ,sannier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bia1 fig4 #aijf4 ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 obtained this pear2 it was first reported in #ahfh4 ,fruit rather small or medium1 oval1 obliquely obtuse near the stem1 dark yellow1 touched with bright red2 flesh yellow1 juicy1 melting1 remarkably saccharine1 sprightly and perfumed2 good to very good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,louise de ,boulogne4 #a4 ,barry ,fr4 ,garden #cag4 #ahea4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cfa4 #ahfi4 ,described by ,barry in #ahea among new and rare pears1 recently introduced1 that give promise of excellence4 ,leroy wrote of it as a seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit large1 breaking1 keeps through the winter4 ,louise ,dupont4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3ei1 fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bc3cja4 #aheg4 ,louise ,dupont was the product of one of the last seedlings raised by ,van ,mons and was harvested for the first time in #ahec4 ,fruit rather large1 sometimes of ,doyenn form but usually longer and more turbinate2 skin thin1 dull green passing to golden yellow at maturity1 colored with russet-fawn on the sunny side1 dotted and marked with fawn all over2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 full of juice1 saccharine and well perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,louise d',orlans4 #a4 ,horticulturist #a3adj4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3ce1 fig4 #ahec4 ,from seed sown by ,van ,mons in #ahbg at ,louvain and first bore fruit in #ahdc4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obtuse2 skin is of a fine bronzed-green1 covered with gray speckles2 flesh very white1 fine grained and very melting2 juice exceedingly rich1 sugary and delicious2 early ,nov4 ,louise de ,prusse4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cfb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,van ,mons and published by him in ,september1 #ahcb1 but it had already been reported in #ahbf4 ,fruit large1 turbinate-obtuse1 more or less long1 considerably swelled toward its lower end2 skin thick and rough1 yellow-ochre clouded with green1 speckled with fine gray dots and stained with light brown around the calyx and stem2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking or semi-breaking1 granular at center2 juice abundant1 very saccharine1 acidulous1 pleasantly perfumed2 second2 ,sept4 ,louison4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3hf4 #ahca4 ,french4 ,fruit large1 oblong and almost conical1 terminated obtusely2 skin delicate and smooth1 sometimes washed on the sunny side1 and in other cases pretty deeply tinged with red1 speckled with brownish-red dots1 the other side being of a beautiful yellow1 scattered with specks of russet2 flesh very white1 melting1 full of very pleasant juice1 slightly perfumed but not of high flavor2 early ,oct4 ,lovaux4 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dh4 #ahga4 ,reported by the ,committee on ,foreign ,fruits of the ,ohio ,state ,horticultural ,society as a new variety which they recommended4 ,fruit large to medium1 juicy1 sweet1 melting2 good2 ,sept4 ,lbecker ,prinzessin ,birne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdi4 #ahhi4 ,princesse de ,lubeck4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahgf4 ,german2 extensively cultivated about ,lubeck1 ,ger4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 beautiful yellow1 extensively covered with brilliant crimson2 flesh breaking1 juicy2 good2 beginning of ,aug4 ,lubin4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ahg1 fig4 #egi4 #ahha4 ,a seedling found by ,m4 ,pariset of ,curciat-,dongalon1 ,ain1 ,fr42 first reported in #ahfi4 ,fruit medium1 conic-pyriform1 regular in its contour1 obtuse1 having its largest circumference well below its middle2 skin fine1 delicate1 at first a clear and bright green1 sprinkled with very numerous round1 small1 brown dots only very slightly visible on the side of the sun2 at maturity the basic green passes to lemon-yellow1 with a golden hue on the exposed side2 flesh whitish1 very fine1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 slightly vinous1 acidulous2 good2 winter4 ,lucie ,audusson4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3,no4 #agb1 ,pl4 #agb4 #ahfe4 ,obtained by ,alexis ,audusson1 ,angers1 ,fr42 first published in #ahfa4 ,fruit large1 long1 nearly cylindrical1 obtuse and slightly narrowed toward the stem1 grass-green1 finely dotted and speckled with fawn-colored russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine or semi-fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinous1 delicately perfumed2 first2 mid-,nov4 to end of ,dec4 ,lucien ,chaur4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,arsne ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,tree healthy1 vigorous and adaptable for all forms of growth4 ,fruit medium1 grayish-yellow2 flesh melting1 juicy1 fine and sugary2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,lucien ,leclercq4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cff1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjf4 #ahfi4 ,from a seed bed made by ,van ,mons in #ahbi1 but it did not bear fruit till after his death in #ahdd4 ,fruit below medium and sometimes rather larger1 globular-ovate1 regular1 rarely bossed1 pale yellow on the shaded side and darker yellow where exposed1 dotted all over with fine gray and green spots2 flesh white1 coarse1 semi-melting and juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 and aromatic1 very gritty around the core2 second2 latter half of ,aug4 ,lucn ,hative4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ebe4 #ahfj4 ,tree vigorous and productive4 ,fruit medium1 elongated1 pale green2 flesh semi-melting1 sugary1 moderately perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,lucy ,grieve4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjg4 #ahhd4 ,english2 bore fruit first in #ahgc4 ,named in honor of the little girl who planted and tended the seed1 but died before the tree fruited4 ,fruit large1 oval1 rather uneven in outline1 bossed around the waist and about the calyx1 lemon-yellow1 with occasionally a brownish-red blush on the side next the sun1 sprinkled with cinnamon-colored dots2 flesh white1 tender1 melting1 very juicy and richly flavored2 first2 ,oct4 ,luola4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,said to be a cross between ,seckel and ,dana ,hovey originated by ,w4 ,c4 ,eckard1 ,watervliet1 ,mich41 about #aijg4 ,fruit very small1 globular1 greenish-yellow1 with faint blush1 very rich2 excellent2 ,oct4 ,lutovka4 #a4 ,me4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fb1 #fc4 #ahii4 ,russian4 ,introduced in #ahhb4 ,fruit large2 good2 mid-season4 ,lutzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aij4 #ahef4 ,german1 published in #ahja4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-conic1 dull greenish-yellow1 slightly blushed1 strongly dotted1 marked with russet1 and covered with rusty russet on the sun-exposed side2 flesh granular1 gritty near center1 semi-melting1 aromatic2 first for culinary uses2 ,sept4 ,luxemburger ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #abh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear widely distributed in ,france1 ,luxemburg1 ,germany and ,austria4 ,fruit large1 globular-oblate1 like ,bergamot in form1 gray-green turning yellow-green when ripe sprinkled with large russet dots and specklings2 flesh whitish1 coarse-grained1 unusually juicy1 astringent and sweet flavor2 end of ,sept4 ,lycurgus4 #a4 ,horticulturist #ab3cfe4 #aheg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated with ,george ,hood1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 from seed of ,winter ,nelis4 ,the tree is productive1 and of rather spreading growth4 ,fruit small1 oblong-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 much covered with thin brownish-russet1 many large grayish dots2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 rich1 rather aromatic1 having some perfume2 first1 one of the best in quality of late winter pears2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,lydie ,thirard4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjf4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ii4 #ahgf4 ,originated from a seed of ,crassane by ,jules ,thirard1 ,bethel1 ,fr4 ,fruit rather large1 ,bergamot-shaped1 clear green1 dotted2 flesh fine1 very melting1 sugary1 perfumed2 first2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,lyerle4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahig4 ,raised by a ,mr4 ,lyerle1 ,union ,county1 ,ill41 in #ahha from seed of ,bartlett4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellowish-green1 with numerous patches of russet2 flesh sugary2 good2 early ,july1 four weeks ahead of ,bartlett4 ,lyon4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjg4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,newport1 ,r4 ,i4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate or ,doyenn-shaped1 yellow1 thick and smooth skin1 finely dotted1 blushed2 flesh coarse1 a little gritty at core1 vinous2 very good2 ,oct4 ,mace4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ej4 #ahfj4 ,francis ,dana showed this among other seedlings of his to the ,fruit ,committee of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahfj4 ,fruit medium1 oval1 russet2 flesh has something of the honeyed sweetness as well as some external resemblance to ,dana ,hovey4 ,machlnder ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #dh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 green turning to yellowish-green1 russeted2 flesh granular1 green under the skin1 subacid2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,mackleroy4 #a4 ,south4 ,nurs4 ,cat4 #d4 #aiba4 ,this variety1 introduced by the ,southern ,nursery ,company1 ,winchester1 ,tenn41 in #aiba1 is said to have been brought to ,tennessee by ,davis ,mackleroy from ,south ,carolina over #ajj years ago4 ,mc,laughlin4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3fb4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ac3bea4 #ahdg4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,in ,october1 #ahca1 ,general ,wingate of ,portland1 ,me41 stated ,that a person in ,oxford ,county1 many years since raised a number of pear trees from seeds1 all of which produced inferior fruit1 with the exception of one tree2 and from that tree1 the scions were taken and engrafted by a ,mr4 ,mc,laughin1 of ,scarborough4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform2 skin slightly rough1 bright cinnamon-russet1 tinged with brownish-red on the sunny side1 with some traces of a bright yellow ground on the shaded side2 flesh yellowish1 rather coarse1 melting1 juicy1 rich1 sugary2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,macomber4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #dd3bfc1 figs4 #ade1 #adf4 #ahhe4 ,raised by ,j4 ,t4 ,macomber1 ,grand ,isle1 ,vt4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 green changing to yellow1 blushed2 flesh buttery1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 very good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,mc,vean4 #a4 ,horticulturist #i3cdj4 #ahed4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjg4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,monroe ,county1 ,n4 ,y41 about #ahej or earlier4 ,fruit large1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 yellow1 with nettings and patches of russet1 and numerous green and brown dots2 flesh coarse1 not juicy1 or melting1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 ,madame ,alfred ,conin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cga1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahfg4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 obtuse1 much swelled around central circumference1 fairly regular1 clear yellow often covered all over with a layer of bronze on which are scattered1 uniformly1 numerous grayish-brown dots1 scarcely visible2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 watery1 rarely gritty around the center2 juice abundant1 sugary1 with an extremely delicious perfume2 first2 late ,sept4 ,madame ,andr ,leroy4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cgb1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjh4 #ahhd4 ,obtained from his seed beds by ,m4 ,andr ,leroy at ,angers1 ,fr43 first published in #ahfb4 ,fruit medium to large1 long-conic1 slightly obtuse1 irregular1 more or less misshapen1 yellowish-green1 entirely dotted1 especially at its extremities1 with small points and slight patches of gray2 flesh greenish-white1 fine or semi-fine1 very melting1 slightly granular at center1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 with a very delicate flavor2 first2 end of ,sept4 ,madame ,antoine ,lormier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #eg4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit medium or large1 regular pyriform1 yellow1 dotted2 flesh fine1 melting1 very sugary2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,madame ,appert4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cgc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjh4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,m4 ,andr ,leroy at ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahfa4 ,fruit medium1 long pyriform1 slightly obtuse1 largest circumference around its middle1 much reduced at the extremities1 especially at the summit1 yellow1 with gray-russet1 and numerous fawn-colored dots on the side of the sun and around the stem2 flesh whitish1 fine1 very melting1 rarely gritty1 juicy1 sugary1 with a delicate flavor of almond1 acidulous2 first2 early ,oct4 ,madame ,arsne ,sannier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium to large2 flesh sugary1 slightly perfumed and of a pleasant flavor2 ,oct4 ,madame ,ballet4 #a4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bib1 fig4 #aijf4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,ballet1 nurseryman at ,parenty1 ,fr41 and was placed on the market in #ahid4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 yellow1 dotted with gray1 and brightened with a rose blush on the side next the sun2 very good2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,madame ,baptiste ,desportes4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cgd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fjh4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling from the nurseries of ,andr ,leroy at ,angers1 ,fr41 which ripened for the first time in #ahfc4 ,fruit above medium1 globular-ovate1 rather regular1 often a little bossed about the base2 skin rather fine1 yellow-ochre1 mottled1 stained1 and dotted with gray-russet2 flesh fine or semi-fine1 melting1 excessively juicy1 saccharine1 vinous1 with a very agreeable flavor2 first2 early ,oct4 ,madame ,blanchet4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gf4 #ahie4 ,fruit medium1 greenish-yellow covered with fawn2 flesh fine1 buttery1 of a delicate flavor2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,madame ,bonnefond4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #ace1 fig4 #afd4 #ahff-gc4 ,obtained in #ahdh by ,m4 ,bonnefond1 ,rhne1 ,fr41 and placed on the market for the first time in #ahfg4 ,fruit large1 like ,calebasse in form1 often irregular in contour2 skin fine1 delicate1 clear yellow-green1 sprinkled with very small points of darker green2 flesh white1 slightly greenish under the skin1 fine1 very melting and juicy1 delicately perfumed2 very good2 end of autumn4 ,madame ,charles ,gilbert4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,fruit medium sized1 having much in common with ,winter ,nelis2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,madame ,chaudy4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #ah3baa4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bif1 fig4 #aijf4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,chaudy at ,chaponost1 ,rhne1 ,fr41 from a seed bed made in #ahfa4 ,fruit large1 sometimes of the form of the ,bartlett1 generally turbinate1 swelled and bossed in its circumference2 skin slightly rough1 pale yellow1 dotted with gray1 reddened on the side next the sun1 marbled and washed with clear fawn around the two ends2 flesh rather white1 granular at center1 rather fine1 melting1 very juicy1 saccharine1 and agreeably acid and perfumed2 very good2 ,nov4 ,madame ,cuissard4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cge1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,cuissard and ,barret1 nurserymen at ,ecully-les-,lyon1 ,fr41 obtained this variety in #ahfe and placed it on the market in #ahfg4 ,fruit above medium1 oblong and obtuse1 swelled at its lower part and generally more enlarged on one side than on the other2 skin fine1 golden-yellow1 sprinkled with large gray dots and some russet markings1 and more or less stained with clear brown around the stem2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 gritty at the center2 juice deficient2 rather savory1 but slightly acerb2 second2 mid-,aug4 ,madame ,delmotte4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aci4 #ahga4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3gc1 fig4 #acc4 #ahgh4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 dull green dotted with greenish-gray2 flesh white1 or slightly tinted with yellow1 very fine1 buttery1 melting1 full of sweet juice1 delicately perfumed4 ,madame ,ducar4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cgf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjh4 #ahfi4 ,this was a posthumous gain of ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 dating from #ahdf4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 regular in form1 slightly undulating around the summit2 skin fine1 rather dull yellow1 finely dotted and streaked with fawn2 flesh white1 coarse1 semi-melting1 very gritty2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 sweet1 almost without perfume but having a certain delicacy of taste2 second2 end of ,aug4 ,madame ,duparc4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3adi1 fig4 #bfg4 #ahgi4 ,gained by ,m4 ,bessard-,duparc1 near ,savenay1 ,fr41 and fruited first about #ahde4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-obtuse-pyriform1 regular in contour2 skin rather thick1 lively green1 speckled with indistinct darker green spots1 the green becoming brighter at maturity1 a rather dense russet sometimes covering the calyx and the summit2 flesh white1 coarse1 semi-buttery1 gritty around the core2 juice rather deficient1 sugary and only slightly scented2 indifferent2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,madame ,durieux4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cgg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fji4 #ahhd4 ,a variety which came from the seed beds of ,van ,mons but did not fruit till #ahde4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 rather ,bergamot-shaped1 grayish or greenish-yellow1 covered with patches of thin cinnamon-colored russet1 yellowish1 semi-fine1 very melting1 buttery1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 ,madame lisa4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3ca1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised in the seed beds of ,van ,mons and first bore fruit in #ahdh4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 often rather irregular in its upper half1 greenish-yellow passing to lemon-yellow at maturity1 with numerous small blackish-gray dots2 flesh white1 a little yellow next the skin1 fine1 melting1 free from grit1 full of rich saccharine juice1 vinous2 first2 ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,madame lisa ,dumas4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ai1 fig4 #bih4 #ahhj4 ,a seedling raised by ,m4 ,bonnefoy1 near ,lyons1 ,fr4 ,he disseminated it in #aheg4 ,fruit medium1 conic-ovate1 regular in contour2 skin thick1 at first whitish-green speckled with grayish-black dots1 changing to pale yellow1 and more golden on the side next the sun2 sometimes stains of rough brown-russet are dispersed over its surface2 flesh white1 only slightly firm without being breaking1 rather gritty around the center1 full of sugary juice1 vinous and refreshing2 handsome and of good quality2 ,aug4 ,madame ,ernest ,baltet4 #a4 ,baltet ,trait4 ,cult4 ,fr4 #cag1 fig4 #bjh4 #aijh4 ,french4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 reddish-brown-yellow1 with light russet2 flesh very fine1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 sprightly2 very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,madame ,favre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cgi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,favre1 president of the section of ,arboriculture of the ,agricultural ,society of ,shalon-sur-,marne1 ,fr42 it first fruited in #ahfa4 ,fruit above medium and often larger1 globular surface unequal and bossed2 skin rough1 greenish-yellow1 dotted1 streaked1 marbled1 stained with gray-russet and vermilioned on the cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 very sugary1 vinous1 deliciously perfumed2 first2 end of ,aug4 ,madame ,flon4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ii4 #ahgf4 ,published by ,m4 ,flon in #ahfh4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 yellow and gray-russet2 flesh very melting and juicy1 saccharine1 sprightly1 perfumed2 first2 end of ,dec4 ,madame ,grgoire4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3ig1 fig4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hji4 #ahfi4 ,obtained in #ahfj by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 and was published the same year4 ,fruit medium to large1 long-oval1 obtuse2 skin greasy1 clear green becoming yellow at maturity1 marked with gray-russet1 especially around the stem1 and some dots of whitish-gray2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 perfumed and acidulous2 good or very good2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,madame ,henri ,desportes4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3chj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fji4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr42 first fruited in #ahfc4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 uneven in outline1 yellow1 covered with russety dots and patches2 flesh yellowish-white1 very fine and very melting1 seldom gritty1 very juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 with a decided aroma and delicious flavor2 excellent2 first2 ,oct4 ,madame ,loriol de ,barny4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cha1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ib4 #ahgb4 ,raised by ,leroy in #ahff at his nurseries at ,angers1 ,fr41 from seed of ,bartlett4 ,fruit large1 ovate and nearly cylindrical1 always rather irregular1 clear yellow clouded with green1 more or less streaked and mottled with russet1 covered with large1 grayish-brown or greenish dots and often stained with fawn around the calyx and stem2 flesh yellowish-white1 excessively melting and fine1 juicy1 rarely gritty1 sugary1 perfumed1 with a tart flavor and a delicate and agreeable after-taste of musk2 first2 ,nov4 ,madame ,ly-,baltet4 #a4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cja1 fig4 #aijf4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahe4 #aibj4 ,obtained by ,ernest ,baltet1 nurseryman at ,troyes1 ,fr42 placed on the market in #ahgg4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 turbinate1 obtuse1 swelled1 truncated at base2 skin fine1 green or yellow-green all over1 dotted with russet and touched with fawn2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary and perfumed2 very good2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,madame de ,madre4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ie4 #ahie4 #b4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #cj3bga4 #aija4 ,sent out by ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel41 who raised it from ,dlices d',hardenpont1 in #ahha4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 rather elongated1 contracted at the lower end terminating in an oblique cone at the base1 compressed on two sides at the narrow end1 rounded at the upper end1 citron-yellow lightly speckled with rust-red2 flesh amber-white1 very delicate1 melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 with a pleasant perfume1 nutty and rather spicy2 very good2 ,oct4 ,madame ,millet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3chb1 fig4 #ahfb4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #faj4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,charles ,millet of ,ath1 ,bel41 in #ahdj4 ,fruit large1 short-obovate or turbinate1 rather uneven in its outline2 flesh tender1 semi-melting1 juicy1 richly flavored2 first2 ,mar4 and ,apr4 ,madame ,morel4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ii4 #ahgf4 ,published by ,m4 ,morel in #ahgb4 ,fruit large2 flesh very fine1 compact1 very melting1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 sprightly2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,madame ,planchon4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ii4 #ahgf4 ,belgian4 ,fruit large or very large1 in form similar to ,bartlett1 golden yellow dotted with russet2 flesh granular1 very juicy2 cooking2 end of ,oct4 and beginning of ,nov4 ,madame ,du ,puis4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #adg4 #ahia4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bih1 fig4 #aijf4 ,a gain of ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel41 in #ahgh4 ,fruit rather large or large1 long1 obtuse-pyriform1 rounded at lower end1 yellow but nearly covered with smooth fawn-russet2 flesh very fine1 melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 sprightly and perfumed2 very good2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,madame de ,roucourt4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #eh4 #ahie4 ,distributed by ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium to large1 yellowish1 dotted with dark brown2 flesh fine1 saccharine1 perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,madame ,stoff4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #b3bbj4 #ahhg4 ,obtained from seed by ,m4 ,stoff4 ,fruit large or medium1 regular-pyramidal1 olive-green speckled with red2 flesh fine1 melting1 buttery1 delicate and brisk in flavor2 ,feb4 ,madame ,torfs4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahie4 ,described as a new variety and distributed by ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel41 in #ahie4 ,fruit medium to large1 greenish-yellow1 sprinkled with patches of fawn-russet2 flesh fine and juicy1 white around center1 clouded with green toward the skin1 very sugary2 ,oct4 ,madame ,treyve4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3chc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahe4 #aibj4 ,souvenir de ,madame ,treyve4 #c4 ,pom4 ,france #b3,no4 #fc1 ,pl4 #fc4 #ahfd4 ,from seed sown in #ahdh by ,m4 ,treyve1 ,trvaux1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 obtusely obovate1 bossed and always very much swelled around its lower part1 greenish-yellow1 dotted1 streaked1 and often touched with fawn on the shaded side1 but brilliantly encrimsoned on the side exposed to the sun and dotted on that side with gray2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 very juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 with a delicate and fine aroma2 first1 a delicious dessert pear2 ,sept4 ,madame ,vazille4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3chd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #faj4 #ahhd4 ,from the seed beds of ,m4 ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr42 first fruit in #ahff4 ,fruit above medium1 conic-obtuse1 fairly regular in outline but always having one side larger than the other2 skin thick1 somewhat uneven1 bronzed all over1 sprinkled with dots widely apart and only slightly visible2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting or semi-melting1 very juicy1 saccharine1 vinous1 having a very pleasant flavor2 first2 ,sept4 ,madame ,vert4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3che1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin uncertain1 but it was first sent out by ,m4 de ,jonghe1 ,brussels1 ,bel41 and then extensively propagated in ,france4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 irregular1 yellowish-green1 much washed with brown-fawn and speckled with small ashen-gray dots2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 granular at center2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 with a somewhat savory perfume and after taste of anis2 second1 variable2 from end of ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,madame ,von ,siebold4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aae4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhe4 #aiac4 ,japan4 ,the following description was made on the grounds of ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis ,bros41 ,metz1 ,lorraine3 ,madame ,von ,siebold4--,fruit very large1 rounded1 a little narrow toward the cavity1 where it is angular2 truncated at the base and indented at the circumference4444 ,skin rather smooth1 of a pretty brown color1 dotted with large gray specks which are very regular and very apparent4 ,flesh white1 slightly yellowish1 medium fine1 crisp1 juicy1 sweet1 perfumed like quinces1 almost eatable raw4 ,the most beautiful of the ,japanese--,simon-,louis ,frres4 ,madeleine d',angers4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3chf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,from the environs of ,segr or of ,beaupreau1 districts in the same department 7,maine71 where it has been generally grown for #aej years4 ,fruit medium and sometimes below1 conic and very elongated1 somewhat contorted at the upper end1 grass-green passing to greenish-yellow on the part near the stalk and dotted with gray-russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine or coarse1 rather melting1 watery and gritty2 juice abundant1 sugary1 more or less acid1 and only slightly perfumed2 third2 end of ,july4 ,mademoiselle ,blanche ,sannier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahie4 ,a ,french variety4 ,fruit large1 oblong-pyriform2 flesh fine1 melting1 perfumed1 juicy2 ,oct4 ,mademoiselle ,marguerite ,gaujard4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,gaujard at ,ghent1 ,fr42 described as a new variety in #ahie4 ,fruit oblong1 rather gourd-shaped in form1 covered with gray-russet and slightly blushed on the exposed side2 flesh melting1 of a sprightly taste1 perfumed2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,mademoiselle ,solange4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #ae3abj4 #ahhh4 ,described by the ,fruit ,committee of the ,royal ,horticultural ,society of ,england in #ahhg as a new variety4 ,fruit small1 nearly globular1 green1 juicy and of good flavor4 ,magherman4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaj4 #ahgf4 ,tree very vigorous1 beautiful in aspect and extremely fertile4 ,fruit large or very large1 long-pyriform1 regular in outline1 yellow streaked with carmine2 flesh yellowish1 excessively melting and very juicy1 sugary and having an exquisite perfume2 first2 second half of ,sept4 ,magnate4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #faj4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahf4 #aibj4 ,a seedling raised by ,rivers of ,sawbridgeworth1 ,eng41 from ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey prior to #ahhj4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 even and symmetrical in outline1 yellow covered with rather dark brown-russet1 thickly strewed with large russet freckles1 blushed and streaked with crimson2 flesh yellow1 tender1 melting1 rather gritty at the core1 richly flavored1 and with a slight perfume of rose-water2 very good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,magnolia4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #da4 #aiji4 #b4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhd4 #aiac4 ,an oriental hybrid which originated in southern ,georgia4 ,fruit large1 globular to pyriform1 smooth1 yellowish-russet1 with numerous irregular dots2 flesh white1 crisp1 tender1 juicy1 mild1 subacid2 fair2 three or four weeks later than ,kieffer in the ,south4 ,malconnatre d',haspin4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #haj4 #ahfi4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy and productive4 ,fruit large1 globular-obovate1 dull yellow1 with brownish-red cheek1 stippled with coarse dots1 and russeted at the calyx2 flesh juicy1 tender1 and melting1 rich1 subacid1 perfumed2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,malvoisie de ,landsberg4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aga1 fig4 #ahb4 #ahgh4 ,obtained by ,judge ,burchardt1 ,landsberg1 ,brandenbourg1 ,ger4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform1 more or less swelled1 even in contour1 but often irregular in form2 skin somewhat firm1 at first water-green1 dotted with gray1 the green changing to yellow and the side next the sun being at maturity slightly washed with rosy red2 flesh white1 rather fine1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 acidulous1 having a sprightly and somewhat musky flavor2 good2 ,oct4 ,manchester4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #haj4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 yellow1 with traces and numerous dots of russet2 flesh white1 moderately juicy1 semi-melting1 sweet1 agreeable2 good2 ,oct4 ,mandelblttrige ,schneebirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aii4 #ahef4 ,a ,french wilding2 published #ahaj4 ,tree dwarf4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 green1 smooth2 flesh firm1 astringent2 winter4 ,manning4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff of ,brookline1 ,mass4 ,fruited in #ahff4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 yellow with russet streaks and dots2 flesh fine-grained1 white1 juicy1 with a rich1 pleasant flavor2 first2 ,sept4 ,mannsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahg4 #ahef4 ,wrttemberg1 ,ger41 #ahcj4 ,classed among the ,pound pears or ,libralia4 ,fruit large1 globular-turbinate1 dull green changing to yellowish-green1 blushed1 both ends covered with russet1 rusty dots2 third for table1 first for kitchen2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,mansfield4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #haa4 #ahfi4 ,a native variety of uncertain origin4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 yellowish-green1 with considerable russet and many green and brown dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 buttery1 melting1 sweet1 a little astringent2 good2 ,sept4 ,mansuette4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bbj1 ,pl4 ,,lviii1 fig4 #a4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #faa4 #ahhd4 ,solitaire4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #ecd4 #ahag4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit large1 long-obovate1 irregular1 obtuse1 pale green1 spotted with brown and much covered with the same color on the shaded side1 and tinged with red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 moderately fine1 inclined to grow soft1 juicy1 pleasantly acid and well flavored2 a dessert pear2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,mansuette ,double4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3chh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this ,french cooking pear was first described in #ahje4 ,fruit sometimes considerable1 rather variable in form1 often conic1 obtuse1 very swelled in the lower part and slightly bossed1 sometimes very long ovate having one side near the base larger than the other1 dark yellow1 much covered with cinnamon-russet and large dots of ashy gray2 flesh greenish-white1 coarse1 juicy1 semi-breaking or breaking1 very gritty at the core2 juice abundant1 deficient in sugar1 wanting in perfume1 often too acid2 second2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,marasquine4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3abc1 fig4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ii4 #ahgf4 ,raised by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 regular-pyriform1 tender green1 sprinkled with grayish dots1 golden at maturity2 flesh very white1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 slightly gritty at the center2 juice sufficient1 having a characteristic perfume2 end of ,aug4 ,march ,bergamot4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #haa4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #faa4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,president of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london4 ,fruit small or medium1 globular1 green or yellowish-brown1 partially covered with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 buttery1 slightly gritty at the core1 but very rich2 in ,europe it is a dessert pear of high merit2 in this country1 however1 it seems to be of small worth2 ,mar4 and will keep later4 ,marchal de ,cour4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cij1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fab4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons of which he sent grafts to ,alexandre ,bivort1 five months before his death1 in ,april1 #ahdb4 ,fruit large1 sometimes very large1 oblong-pyriform or obtuse-turbinate1 one side always smaller than the other1 thickly encrusted with russet so that but little of the yellow ground is visible2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 gritty at center1 extremely juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,marchal ,dillen4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cia1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fab4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,van ,mons in #ahah and was published by him in #ahbj4 ,fruit very large1 obtuse-obovate1 yellowish-green1 mottled with patches and dots of brown-russet2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 very saccharine1 having a very agreeable flavor of vinegar and musk2 first1 an excellent dessert pear2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,marchal ,pelissier4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ebc4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cic4 #ahfi4 ,this pear was raised by ,m4 ,flon1 ,senior1 the well-known horticulturist1 of ,angevin1 ,fr41 in #ahde4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 yellow1 blushed with red on the side next the sun2 flesh tender1 juicy2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,marchal ,vaillant4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cic1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fab4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling of ,m4 ,boisbunel of ,rouen1 ,fr41 gained in #ahfd4 ,fruit very large1 obovate1 uneven in outline1 yellowish-green1 mottled and dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 rather fine1 semi-melting2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 vinous1 richly flavored and musky2 an excellent pear2 mid-,dec4 to end of ,jan4 ,margarethenbirne4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #aai4 #ahbe4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cj4 #ahef4 ,german4 ,reported in #aghi4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 greenish-yellow and heavily dotted with green1 seldom blushed2 flesh semi-breaking1 juicy and aromatic2 third for dessert1 first for kitchen and market2 mid-,july4 ,marguerite d',anjou4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cid1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,flon1 ,angers1 obtained this from a seedling in #ahfc4 ,fruit above medium1 irregular-ovate1 and bossed1 more enlarged on one side than on the other and often slightly contorted1 clear yellow1 slightly tinted with pale rose on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 dense1 melting1 watery1 free from grit2 juice abundant1 highly saccharine1 acidulous1 possesses a delicious flavor recalling the perfume of the violet2 first2 ,oct4 ,marguerite ,chevalier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ii4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium1 nearly spherical1 almost entirely covered with fawn-russet2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sprightly2 good2 end of autumn4 ,marguerite ,marillat4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #de4 #ahie4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahf4 #aibj4 ,similar to ,souvenir du ,congrs but of brighter golden hue1 obtained by ,m4 ,marillat1 ,craponne1 near ,lyons1 ,fr41 #ahgd4 ,fruit large1 pyriform-turbinate1 pale yellow touched with fawn-russet1 blushed with red on the side next the sun1 sometimes a rich golden yellow at maturity2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 very juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 aromatic1 slightly musky1 very rich2 second2 early ,sept4 ,maria4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit rather large1 oblong-ovate2 flesh yellowish1 very agreeable2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,maria de ,nantes4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3ci1 fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hab4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,m4 ,garnier near ,nantes1 ,fr41 and reported in #ahec4 ,fruit nearly medium1 globular-turbinate or oval-turbinate1 greenish-yellow covered with fawn-russet2 flesh fine1 buttery1 melting2 juice saccharine1 highly perfumed1 and acidulous2 first2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,maria ,stuart4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fi4 #ahef4 ,belgian1 #ahea4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling4 ,fruit large1 conic1 bent1 with unequal sides1 lemon-yellow1 covered densely with gray dots1 lightly russeted2 very good for all purposes2 ,oct4 ,marianne de ,nancy4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cif1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hab4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons who sent cuttings of it a few days before his death to ,m4 ,millot1 a pomologist at ,nancy1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-turbinate1 very regular and even in contour1 grass-green1 stained with brown-russet2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting or semi-melting2 juice abundant1 very sugary1 acidulous2 second1 though sometimes first when its flesh is very melting and its juice full of flavor2 mid-,aug4 ,marie ,benoist4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cig1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahg4 #aibj4 ,obtained from seed by ,auguste ,benoist1 ,brissac1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr41 in #ahec4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 very irregular1 obtuse and mammillate at the summit1 globular at the base and generally much more enlarged on one side than on the other1 clear green1 dotted and veined with russet1 stained with fawn especially around the calyx and stem2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 a little gritty2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 vinous1 delicately perfumed2 first2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,marie ,guisse4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cih1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fac4 #ahhd4 ,grown from seed of ,st4 ,germain in #ahcd1 near ,metz1 ,lorraine4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-oblong-pyriform1 surface uneven1 yellow1 with shades of red in the sun1 and large1 dull dark specks2 flesh yellowish-white1 granular1 melting1 sweet1 vinous2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,marie ,henriette4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit small or medium1 globular2 flesh granular1 very juicy and sugary2 first2 ,oct4 ,marie ,jallais4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahgf4 ,obtained by ,jules ,buneau1 #ahfh4 ,fruit medium1 form variable2 flesh melting1 juicy1 very sugary and perfumed1 of a sprightly flavor2 first2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,marie ,louise ,nova4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #djj4 #ahde4 #b4 ,ibid4 #hac4 #ahfi4 ,sent by ,van ,mons to ,mr4 ,manning1 and though in some seasons very good1 it cannot compare with ,marie ,louise4 ,fruit medium1 regular-acute-pyriform1 yellow1 with a brownish-red cheek2 flesh at first melting1 juicy1 but quickly decays2 good2 end of ,sept4 ,marie ,louise d',uncle4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ajfj1 #aagi4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahg4 #aibj4 ,marie ,louise d',uncle is a seedling of ,marie ,louise raised by ,m4 ,gambier1 a neighbor and contemporary of ,van ,mons4 ,it produced its first fruits in #ahdf4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform1 pale cinnamon-colored russet1 rather similar to ,marie ,louise2 flesh very fine1 very melting1 buttery1 saccharine1 very juicy and richly flavored2 good to very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,marie ,mottin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,fruit large2 flesh melting2 first2 ,oct4 ,marie ,parent4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dja1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #had4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,bivort1 director of the nurseries of the ,society ,van ,mons at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,bel41 from a seed bed formed in #ahdd from seeds of the last generation of ,van ,mons' seedlings4 ,fruit above medium1 oblong1 more or less cylindrical and bossed1 or turbinate1 very much swelled at the base and bossed at either extremity2 skin fine ochre or golden yellow1 dotted and stained with russet1 washed with brick-red on the cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting or semi-melting1 containing numerous small grits around the core1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 perfumed2 first2 ,oct41 often till ,dec4 ,marietta4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhd4 #aiac4 ,an oriental hybrid4 ,tree is said to be inclined to grow tall1 with a single main stem4 ,fruit light yellow1 with red blush2 ,oct4 ,mariette de ,millepieds4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3djc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fad4 #ahhd4 ,a very late pear which came from the seed beds of ,maurice ,goubalt1 a nurseryman in the suburbs of ,angers1 ,fr41 fruiting after his death1 in #ahed4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 irregular and bossed or turbinate1 slightly obtuse1 one side larger than the other1 rough to the touch1 rather thick1 yellowish-green1 washed with dark russet on the cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting1 juicy and scented1 refreshing1 sugary1 acidulous1 having an exquisite flavor2 first2 ,mar4 often till ,may4 ,markbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ajc4 #ahef4 ,mid-,germany1 #agig4 ,fruit fairly large1 ventriculous1 faint light green turning to pale green1 often blushed and dotted with greenish-gray specks and marked with russet2 flesh white1 fairly soft1 buttery1 melting1 full of flavor2 very good for the table and good for culinary purposes2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,marksbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afb4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 ,ger41 #agii4 ,fruit small1 globular1 flattened1 greenish-yellow1 speckled with yellowish-gray and greenish dots2 flesh firm1 breaking1 juicy and acidulous2 first for household2 ,sept4 ,marmion4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #had4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3bi1 fig4 #aaa4 #ahgh4 ,according to the ,bulletin of the ,socit ,van ,mons this was either obtained or propagated by ,m4 ,bivort in ,belgium4 ,fruit nearly medium1 turbinate1 dull water-green1 sprinkled with numerous and rather large brown spots1 the basic green passing at maturity to lemon-yellow and warmly golden on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 rather fine1 breaking1 fairly juicy1 saccharine and sprightly2 dessert2 ,sept4 ,marquise4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bba1 ,pl4 ,,xlix4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fad4 #ahhd4 ,of ,french origin4 ,merlet described it in #afge in his ,abrg des bons fruits4 ,fruit above medium1 turbinate1 globular in the lower part1 conic and slightly obtuse in the upper1 bright green changing to yellowish1 with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun1 thickly covered with dots1 which are green on the shaded side and brown or gray on the other2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 full of sugary juice1 slightly acid and musky1 and very delicate2 a good dessert pear2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,marquise de ,bedman4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #had4 #ahfi4 ,foreign4 ,fruit medium or below1 roundish-pyriform1 pale greenish-yellow1 with a few traces and patches of russet and many green and brown dots2 flesh white1 sweet1 rather firm2 good2 ,sept4 ,marsaneix4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3djf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a cooking pear of no particular merit which originated at the market town of ,marsaneix1 ,department of ,dordogne1 ,fr41 and was cultivated on the farms of that country in the middle of the eighteenth century4 ,fruit small1 globular1 regular in form2 skin rough1 entirely russeted1 dotted with yellowish-gray2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 breaking1 scented1 gritty2 juice abundant but deficient in sugar1 insipid2 second and for cooking only2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,marshall4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #agi4 #ahha4 ,said to have originated on the farm of ,william ,marshall1 ,cambridge1 ,n4 ,y41 some years previous to #ahha4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 inclining to obtuse-pyriform1 yellow1 netted and patched with russet over nearly the whole surface and thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 juicy1 semi-melting1 slightly vinous and slightly aromatic2 very good2 end of ,sept4 ,marshall ,wilder4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3djg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,horticulturist #bg3aej4 #ahgb4 ,originated in the nurseries of ,m4 ,leroy at ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahff4 ,fruit large1 long-conic1 very irregular1 somewhat like ,calebasse in form1 more or less bossed2 skin rough1 clear green slightly yellowish1 dotted with gray-russet1 marbled with brown and scaly2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine or semi-fine1 juicy1 very melting1 sugary1 deliciously perfumed and refreshing2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,martha ,ann4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3edg4 #ahej4 ,a seedling raised by ,francis ,dana1 ,roxbury1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium or below1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 yellowish-green1 with patches and dots of russet2 flesh coarse1 juicy1 astringent2 poor2 ,oct4 ,martin4 #a4 ,kans4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aga4 #ahhf4 ,originated in ,cowley1 ,kans41 and reported as a new fruit and a good substitute for the ,vicar of ,winkfield4 ,fruit medium to large1 oblate-pyriform1 irregular1 greenish changing to yellowish-white1 smooth2 flesh firm1 fine grained1 buttery1 juicy2 fair2 ,jan4 ,martin-,sec4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3djh1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fae4 #ahhd4 ,trockener ,martin4 #c4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #baf1 fig4 #aiac4 ,hogg tells us that this and the ,martin ,sire are among the earliest varieties known to have been grown in ,england1 for they are mentioned among the fruits delivered into the ,treasury by the fruiterer of ,edward ,i in #abib4 ,in #aecj ,charles ,estienne of ,paris wrote of it as being cultivated in ,france and affirmed the ,pears of ,saint ,martin were so named because their time of ripening coincided with the ,festival of that ,saint4 ,again1 in #afge ,merlet in his ,abrg des bons fruits spoke of the ,martin-,sec of ,provins or of ,champagne4 ,fruit medium or above1 long-pyriform-obtuse1 regular in form1 yellowish and russeted1 dotted with gray points and extensively washed with carmine on the face exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 very breaking1 rather dry1 but sweet and perfumed1 very gritty when grafted on quince2 third2 mid-,nov4 to ,feb4 ,martin-,sire4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3ade1 ,pl4 ,,xix1 fig4 #e4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3daj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fae4 #ahhd4 ,this pear1 sometimes known as ,lord ,martin ,pear1 was grown in ,england in the thirteenth century4 ,by ,claude ,saint-tienne in #afbh it was mentioned under two of its most ancient names1 ,martin-,sire and ,ronville4 ,in the eighteenth century ,mayer in the ,pomona franconica said the name ,martin-,sire which was the most generally recognized of its many names originated from a former ,lord of ,ronville whose name was ,martin4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 obtuse and very regular2 skin fine1 smooth and shining1 bright green changing to a fine deep yellow1 dotted and marked with fawn1 carmined on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 breaking1 fairly juicy1 sweet1 perfumed and often with an after-taste of musk2 more fit for stewing than dessert2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,marulis4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3chh4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cig4 #ahed4 ,foreign4 ,fruit small1 globular1 greenish-yellow2 poor2 ,sept4 ,mary 7,case74 #a4 ,downing4 ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hae4 #ahfi ,originated in the grounds of ,william ,case1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 slight blush in the sun and many minute brown dots2 flesh white1 juicy1 almost buttery1 sweet and acid2 very good2 last of ,july4 ,mary 7,van ,mons74 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3daa1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling obtained by ,van ,mons1 which gave its first fruit at ,brussels about the year #ahah4 ,fruit medium and often above medium1 ovate1 obtuse1 rather regular but generally a little depressed on one side at the calyx1 yellow-ochre stained with fawn-brown around the stem and sprinkled with light marblings and large dots of green and russet1 very numerous around the base2 flesh whitish1 very fine1 melting2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 with a vinegary flavor both delicate and refreshing2 first2 mid-,oct4 ,mascon ,colmar4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ajf4 #ahef4 ,originated from seed at ,nassau1 ,ger41 #ahbe4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-conic1 distorted in form1 light green turning yellowish-green at maturity1 free from any red blush1 but much russeted and dotted2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 full of flavor2 good for dessert and culinary purposes2 ,feb4 ,masselbacher ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aic4 #ahef4 ,a perry pear4 ,wrttemberg1 ,ger41 #ahdg4 ,fruit small1 almost a sphere1 green turning to yellow1 much covered with russet2 flesh firm1 granular1 acidulous2 very good for perry and good for household use2 end of ,sept4 and early ,oct4 ,masuret4 #a4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cgd4 #aijh4 ,one of the best ,french perry pears suitable for commercial and amateur growers2 good for the production of sparkling perry2 juice clear and very full of perfume2 end of ,nov4 ,mather4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hb4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hae4 #ahfi4 ,the ,mather pear originated with ,john ,mather1 ,jenkintown1 ,pa41 from seed planted by him about #ahaj4 ,fruit below medium1 obovate1 yellow1 with occasionally a red mottled cheek and russeted at the insertion of the stem2 flesh rather coarse1 buttery1 of delicate flavor and agreeable2 good2 ,aug4 ,mathilde4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ee4 #ahef4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling1 #aheb4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 greenish changing to greenish-yellow1 blushed1 and speckled with gray dots2 flesh semi-melting1 granular1 sweet1 vinous2 second for dessert1 first for kitchen and market purposes2 end of ,aug4 for #ad days4 ,mathilde ,gomand4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahgf4 ,published by ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium2 skin russeted2 flesh melting2 first2 ,jan4 ,mathilde ,recq4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit1 flesh fine1 very saccharine and highly perfumed2 ,nov4 ,mathilde de ,rochefort4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,tree vigorous1 forming good pyramids4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 covered with russet2 flesh fine1 melting1 very juicy and sugary2 ,dec4 ,matou4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dad1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a variety1 known also as ,chat-,grill and ,chat-,rti in ,france and which must not be confounded with the ,chat-,brl1 already described1 which ripens in ,december4 ,its origin is unknown4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform and enlarged around central circumference1 golden-yellow1 dotted and marbled with gray-russet1 washed with carmine on the face exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 breaking1 watery1 very granular at the center2 juice rather abundant1 rarely very saccharine1 astringent1 almost devoid of perfume2 third2 mid-,aug4 ,matthews4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hb4 #aijc4 #b4 ,hopedale ,nurs4 ,cat4 #ag4 #aiac4 ,brought from ,new ,jersey about #ahce by a ,mr4 ,chiever and planted at ,delavan1 ,ill4 ,tree long-lived1 a late bearer4 ,fruit medium to large1 apple-shaped1 green turning yellow1 sweet1 juicy2 ,oct4 to ,feb4 ,maud ,hogg4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #bj3cj4 #ahga4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fae4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,john ,mannington1 ,uckfield1 in the ,weald of ,sussex1 ,eng42 bore fruit in #ahga for the first time4 ,fruit above medium1 oblong-obovate2 skin entirely covered with a crust of warm brown-russet like that of the ,beurr ,gris1 and has a slight orange glow on the side exposed to the sun1 very much like the ,chaumontel1 no yellow or ground color visible2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender and buttery1 very juicy1 sweet1 richly flavored2 a dessert pear of the first quality2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,maude4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahgf4 ,a ,french perry pear abundantly cultivated in the ,haute-,savoie1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 grayish-green washed with red2 flesh coarse1 remarkably juicy4 ,maurice ,desportes4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dae1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this came from the seed beds of ,m4 ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 and first fruited in #ahfc4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-conic1 yellow1 dotted with gray1 blushed on the sunny side2 stem long1 rather stout1 continuous with the fruit2 calyx small1 open1 in a large cavity2 flesh white1 rather fine and rather melting1 slightly granular1 juicy1 sweet2 first2 ,sept4 ,mausebirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ach4 #ahef4 ,hanover1 ,ger41 #aheb4 ,fruit medium to large1 variable in form1 distorted1 bossed2 skin fine1 greenish turning to yellow when ripe1 almost entirely covered with cinnamon-russet1 sprinkled with green spots2 flesh yellowish-white1 sweet and scented with rose2 first for the table and kitchen use2 ,oct4 ,mayflower4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,dr4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 which fruited first in #ahfc4 ,fruit short diameter #b-a_/b inches1 long diameter #c inches2 flesh rather dry and firm2 skin yellow1 with red cheek2 keeps soundly without extra care until ,may4 ,a most prolific bearer4 ,short pyriform4 ,maynard4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #eb4 #aheg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #hae4 #ahfi4 ,origin unknown but thought to have been first grown in ,lancaster ,county1 ,pa4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 yellow with russet dots and a crimson cheek2 flesh white1 juicy and sugary2 moderately good2 end of ,july4 ,mayr frhzeitige ,butterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aac4 #ahef4 ,reported at ,gratz1 ,styria1 ,austria1 #ahcc4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-pyriform1 uniformly light yellow1 slightly russeted on the side next the sun1 often with no russet2 flesh white1 soft1 melting1 full of flavor1 keeps well2 first for dessert1 good for culinary use and market2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,max4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gc4 #ahie4 ,a seedling of ,flemish ,beauty grown in ,ohio4 ,fruit medium1 globular-pyriform1 yellow brightly blushed1 flavor vinous1 subacid2 good2 ,sept4 in ,ohio4 ,mecham4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aie4 #ahfg4 ,a seedling pear reported from ,st4 ,george1 ,utah1 in #ahfg4 ,fruit very large1 bright green1 ripens in ,oct4 ,medaille d't4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahgf4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 ovate-pyramidal1 lemon-yellow2 flesh semi-breaking1 very juicy1 highly perfumed2 ,aug4 ,medofka4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ag3bib4 #ahid4 ,russian4 ,fruit very small1 conical1 clear yellow2 flesh very melting1 agreeable4 ,meissner ,grossvatersbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cd4 #ahef4 ,reported to be of ,saxon origin1 #ahcc4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 almost entirely covered with light brown-russet1 and sprinkled with round red spots2 flesh juicy1 semi-melting1 having a strong aroma of cinnamon4 ,meissner ,hirschbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3g4 #ahef4 ,saxony1 #ahjc4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 bossed1 pale light green changing at maturity to light lemon-yellow1 often washed extensively with dark blood-red1 numerous reddish dots1 scentless2 flesh breaking1 juicy1 aromatic2 first for household and market2 ,aug4 ,meissner langstielige ,feigenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afg4 #ahef4 ,saxony1 #ahje4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 ventriculous and flat1 crooked1 somewhat uneven1 light green changing to yellowish-green1 often blushed with dark red1 without dots1 marked with russet2 flesh yellowish-green white1 coarse-grained1 sweet1 firm1 breaking2 third for dessert1 first for kitchen2 ,oct4 ,meissner ,liebchensbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afg4 #ahef4 ,german1 chiefly found in ,saxony4 ,fruit small1 globular-ventriculous-conic2 skin shining1 lemon-yellow1 becoming highly polished1 strongly dotted with round red spots1 often marked with fine russet on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse-grained1 firm1 breaking1 wanting in juice2 third for the table1 first for kitchen and market4 ,meissner ,zwiebelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cd4 #ahef4 ,saxony1 #ahcc4 ,fruit small1 globular1 light yellow1 speckled with numerous fine russety spots2 flesh often melting1 with musky aroma1 fine-grained2 first for table and very good for culinary purposes2 end of ,aug4 for three weeks4 ,mlanie ,michelin4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ee1 fig4 #dab4 #ahhj4 ,gained by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,junior1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform1 even in contour2 skin rather thick1 whitish-green1 sprinkled with fairly numerous and rather large green spots1 scarcely visible and often absent altogether2 when ripe the basic green takes a more yellow tone on the side of the sun1 and in the case of well-exposed fruits is blushed with a very light rosy red2 flesh whitish1 slightly tinted with green1 tender1 a little soft1 melting1 full of sweet juice and delicately perfumed2 good2 mid-,july4 ,mellish4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hae4 #ahfi4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-pyriform1 pale yellow1 netted1 patched and dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,melon4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3gg1 ,tab4 #a4 #agga4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dag1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,of ,dutch origin2 first described in the ,pomology of ,knoop in #agff4 ,fruit medium1 typically pyriform1 slightly obtuse1 regular in outline1 sometimes a little uneven and crooked1 greenish-yellow when ripe and more or less marked with black1 or dark brown1 stains1 of poor appearance2 flesh delicate and gritty1 rather succulent and savory but having no particular flavor1 not sprightly nor does it justify its name2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,melon de ,hellmann4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3hc1 fig4 #ccj4 #ahhj4 ,grown by ,m4 ,hellmann1 ,meiningen1 ,ger4 ,fruit large1 spherical1 even in outline1 intense green passing to decided yellow when ripe and warmly golden on the side of the sun1 numerous dark green spots2 flesh white1 coarse1 semi-breaking2 juice sugary1 perfumed and agreeable2 second1 good for cooking2 ,sept4 ,mnagre ,sucre de ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3abg1 fig4 #afj4 #ahgh4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons who distributed it without name4 ,fruit medium1 conic-turbinate2 skin thick1 at first very clear green sprinkled with gray dots1 numerous1 very small but clearly visible2 towards maturity the green changes to brilliant lemon-yellow and warmly golden on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-buttery and distinctly perfumed with clove2 ,oct4 ,mendenhall4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hh4 #aijj4 ,mentioned as one of the newer varieties of pears1 having given its first ripe specimens on ,july #eth1 #aijj4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 yellow1 much better in quality than ,early ,harvest4 ,meresia ,nevill4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #faf4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling of ,john ,mannington1 ,uckfield1 ,sussex1 ,eng42 first fruited in #ahgb4 ,fruit below medium1 roundish-obovate or oval1 even and regular in outline1 entirely covered with thick1 dark-brown russet2 flesh semi-melting1 crisp1 juicy1 sweet1 with a rich vinous flavor2 an excellent dessert pear2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,merlet #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dah1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,merlet came from the nurseries of ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr42 it fruited first in #ahfa4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 slightly obtuse and bossed2 skin smooth1 fine and shining1 yellowish-green1 delicately dotted with gray2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine1 melting1 watery1 granular around the core2 juice abundant and saccharine1 refreshing and having a highly delicate flavor2 first2 ,aug4 ,merriam4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ebd4 #aheg4 #b4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #bhd4 #ahfg4 ,originated at ,roxbury1 ,mass42 popular in ,boston in #ahfg4 ,fruit large1 globular1 somewhat flattened at base and crown1 smooth1 rich yellow1 covered with pale russet around the stem and calyx1 and netted with russet all over2 flesh yellowish1 rather coarse1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 perfumed1 very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,mruault4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ahd1 fig4 #egf4 #ahha4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,pariset from a seed bed of the ,easter ,beurr made in #ahef4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 shortened and thick1 water-green sown with dots of fawn-brown1 more often almost wholly covered with russet of fawn color2 on ripening the basic green changes to an intense lemon-yellow1 the russet clears1 and the side next the sun becomes golden2 flesh whitish1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 without grit2 juice abundant1 rich in sugar1 delicately perfumed with musk2 first2 throughout winter4 ,merveille de ,moringen4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahgf4 ,originated in the environs of ,moringen1 ,ger41 where it is very well thought of4 ,tree large1 very fertile1 resisted the phenomenal frost of #ahgi-ahhj in ,europe4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 a beautiful lemon-yellow2 flesh breaking2 for cooking2 ,oct4 ,messire ,jean4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3agc1 ,pl4 ,,xxvi4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #faf4 #ahhd4 ,of ancient and untraceable origin1 but mentioned by ,venette1 ,rochelle1 ,fr41 in #afgh and #afhc4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 sometimes slightly obovate1 surface slightly bossed2 skin rough1 thick1 dark green1 passing to buff1 washed with dark red on the side of the sun1 strewed with speckles of darker russet2 flesh white1 slightly tinged with lemon1 rather fine1 breaking1 juicy1 richly saccharine1 perfumed1 sprightly2 good1 either for dessert or kitchen use2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,messire ,jean ,goubault4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dbb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this variety dates from #ahdg and came from a seed bed of ,m4 ,goubault1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit large or medium1 turbinate1 more or less globular1 often irregular1 bossed and much larger on one side than on the other2 skin fine and wrinkled and entirely reddened and dotted with large grayish spots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 always doughy and containing some grit around the core2 juice rather scanty1 sugary1 tart1 slightly perfumed and very agreeable2 second2 ,nov4 ,michaelmas ,nelis4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #cj3bgb1 fig4 #hb4 #aija4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahh4 #aibj4 ,a seedling from ,winter ,nelis1 which ,messrs4 ,bunyard1 nurserymen1 ,maidstone1 ,eng41 found by chance in a cottage garden1 and sent out in #aija4 ,it was given an award of merit at a meeting of the ,fruit ,committee of the ,royal ,horticultural ,society in ,october1 #aijb4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 very shapely1 light greenish skin1 somewhat russety2 flesh white1 melting1 very little grit1 juicy and of delicious flavor2 end of ,sept4 ,michaux4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #f3de4 #ahdj4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bci4 #ahed4 ,origin not clear but ,r4 ,manning1 ,salem1 ,mass41 stated that he had received it from a town in ,alsace1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 nearly globular-pyriform1 light yellowish-green changing to yellow1 with a slight blush of red2 flesh white1 coarse1 semi-buttery1 juicy1 sweet2 second2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,mignonne d't4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 and placed in commerce in #ahgd4 ,fruit medium to large1 like ,calebasse in form2 skin glossy and yellow1 finely dotted and streaked with gray-russet2 flesh fine and melting2 ,aug4 ,mignonne d',hiver4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #haf4 #ahfi4 ,an old ,belgian variety4 ,fruit medium1 obovate to oblong-ovate-pyriform1 light yellow1 mostly covered with thick1 rough russet1 and veined with crimson and fawn2 flesh yellowish1 rather granular1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 vinous1 aromatic2 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,mikado4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aae4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3ddi1 #dhd4 #aiac4 ,among the most successful importers of oriental plants was ,freiherr ,v4 ,siebold who maintained a nursery and botanic garden in ,leyden1 ,holland1 during the first half of the nineteenth century4 ,of the pears imported by him1 ,mikado was one4 ,this was procured from ,von ,siebold's nursery in #ahgc by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-ovoid2 skin rough to the touch1 yellowish-olive1 dotted with gray specks2 flesh white1 fine1 breaking1 rather juicy1 perfumed1 with a pronounced quince flavor1 subacid2 poor1 uneatable raw2 end of ,sept4 ,milan d',hiver4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dbd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a very old pear described in #afge by ,merlet1 the ,french pomologist4 ,fruit large1 globular-turbinate1 usually mammillate at the summit and very regular2 skin thick and rough to the touch1 gray-russet1 sprinkled around the stalk with large whitish-gray dots2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 semi-melting1 granular at the core2 juice rarely plentiful1 only slightly saccharine1 acidulous1 feebly aromatic2 third2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,milan de ,rouen4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dbe1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fag4 #ahhd4 ,gained by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr42 distributed in #ahei4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 a little conic toward the summit1 slightly bossed and one side less swelled than the other2 skin thick1 dull yellow1 dotted and streaked with fawn1 much stained with gray around the stem2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 and semi-melting1 juicy1 rather granular at the core1 sugary2 juice aromatic1 often spoiled by an unpleasant acerbity2 second2 end of ,aug4 ,miller4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dbf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed by ,andr ,leroy2 first reported in #ahfd4 ,fruit medium and sometimes larger2 in form it passes from rounded conic to globular1 slightly flattened especially at the base2 skin rough to touch1 bronzed all over1 dotted with russet1 and dotted and mottled with greenish-yellow2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 a little granular at the core1 juicy1 sugary1 sourish1 with a delicious aroma2 first2 ,oct4 ,millot de ,nancy4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dbg1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,produced in the nurseries of ,van ,mons at ,louvain2 first reported in #ahdc4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 very obtuse1 more or less regular and bossed1 often rather globular1 yellow-ochre dotted with gray-russet1 mottled with olive-brown1 sometimes washed with clear fawn on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting or semi-melting1 gritty at the center2 juice rarely abundant1 but very saccharine1 aromatic and full of flavor1 sometimes a little too acid2 second2 ,oct4 ,milner4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3aha4 #aijh4 ,cataloged by ,silas ,wharton in #ahbd under the name of ,milner's ,favorite4 ,fruit small1 pyriform2 good4 ,mima ,wilder4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aeb4 #ahgd4 #b4 ,ibid4 #abj4 #ahge4 ,a seedling of ,colonel ,wilder1 in a collection of new pears shown by him in #ahgd4 ,in ,november of the following year it was found to have retained its previous good quality4 ,ministre ,bara4 #a4 ,ga4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #di4 #ahib4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahie4 ,a gain of ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,it was exhibited by ,p4 ,j4 ,berckmans of ,augusta1 ,georgia1 before the ,georgia ,state ,horticultural ,society in #ahib and #ahic4 ,ministre ,pirmez4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,published by ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium to large2 flesh melting2 first2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,ministre ,viger4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #aac4 #aija4 ,raised by ,messrs4 ,baltet of ,troyes1 ,fr41 from seed of the ,pierre ,tourasse4 ,it was much noticed at the ,international ,exhibition at ,paris in #aijj4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 bossed1 tender yellow clouded with ochre1 washed with rosy gray and salmon on the side next the sun1 with speckles of fawn2 flesh fine1 melting1 very juicy1 saccharine1 with perfume noticeable on the skin1 and flavor recalling that of the ,duchesse d',angoulme2 mid-,dec4 to mid-,jan4 ,minot ,jean ,marie4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahgf4 ,a seedling of ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 shortened1 covered with russet on a yellow foundation2 flesh yellowish1 breaking1 very juicy1 sugary2 first2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,missile d',hiver4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #afi4 #ahda4 ,a foreign variety recommended by ,m4 ,dalbret and ,m4 ,jamin1 well known pomologists4 ,fruit large1 buttery1 valuable according to ,m4 ,jamin2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,mission4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gc4 #ahie4 ,originated at the old mission near ,capistrano1 ,california4 ,fruit medium1 acutely pyriform1 long1 yellow1 nearly covered with russet2 flesh very fine and buttery2 very mild or sweet2 ripe in ,sept4 in southern ,california4 ,mr4 ,hill's ,pear4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #acb1 ,pl4 ,,lxiii1 figs4 #b1 #d4 #agbi4 ,mentioned by ,batty ,langley1 ,twickenham1 ,eng41 as bearing two crops in the year4 ,fruit rather small1 obtuse-pyriform1 usually distorted at the upper end1 grows in clusters2 in #agbg the first crop matured on ,aug4 #bd1 and the second crop on ,oct4 #a4 ,mitchell ,russet4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ebe4 #aheg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #hag4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,belleville1 ,ill4 ,fruit medium or small1 obovate inclining to conic2 skin rough1 dark russet1 thickly covered with gray dots2 flesh juicy1 melting1 rich and highly perfumed1 astringent2 scarcely good2 ,oct4 ,mitschurin4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ag3bib4 #ahid4 ,probably ,russian4 ,fruit very large2 a good kitchen fruit2 mid-season4 ,moccas4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #gag4 #ahda4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fag4 #ahhd4 ,raised from seed by ,thomas ,andrew ,knight1 ,downton ,castle1 ,eng4 ,fruit medium1 oval1 uneven1 and bossed in outline1 lemon-colored1 marked with patches and veins of thin pale brown-russet and strewed with russet dots2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 melting1 tender1 full of rich vinous juice1 musky in flavor2 a delicious dessert pear4 ,mollet ,guernsey ,beurr4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #cf1 #he4 #ahdb4 ,raised from seed by ,charles ,mollet of ,guernsey1 ,channel ,islands1 who died in #ahai4 ,fruit medium1 obovate or somewhat pyramidal1 with a remarkable fleshy extension of about #a_/b inch at the insertion of the stalk1 surface of the pear uneven1 yellow1 but much obscured with ferruginous russet1 sometimes equally scattered1 but often disposed in broad1 longitudinal stripes2 flesh yellowish1 very melting1 buttery1 with a rich ,chaumontel flavor though distinct2 ,dec4 ,monarch4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cab4 #ahff4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahh4 #aibj4 ,knight ,monarch4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gif4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,thomas ,andrew ,knight1 ,downton ,castle1 ,eng41 in #ahcj4 ,bunyard says3 ,tree easily recognized in winter by its very large oval buds1 which stand out like those of a red currant4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 yellowish-green1 much covered with brown-russet and strewed with gray-russet specks2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 melting and very juicy1 with a rich1 vinous1 sugary1 and agreeably-perfumed flavor2 first1 one of the most valuable2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,monchallard4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dbi1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahi4 #aibj4 ,found about #ahaj by ,m4 ,monchallard at ,valeuil1 ,dordogne1 ,fr4 ,fruit above medium to large1 long-obovate1 very obtuse2 skin delicate1 yellow1 clear and dull1 speckled uniformly with greenish dots and often washed with dark red on the cheek next the sun2 flesh very white1 fine or semi-fine1 extremely melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 slightly aromatic and of delicious flavor2 first2 end of ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,mongolian4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bae4 #ahif4 #b4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhb4 #aiac4 ,considered by ,budd of ,iowa to be the best of the oriental varieties yet tested in this country4 ,obtained from seed at ,ames1 ,iowa4 ,fruit medium to large1 globular-oval1 narrowing at both ends1 with its greatest diameter near the middle1 similar to ,kieffer in shape1 inclined to ridging near the apex1 greenish1 with blushed cheeks and russet dots2 flesh tender1 melting1 juicy2 good when ripened indoors4 ,monseigneur ,affre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dcj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fah4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,van ,mons though the tree did not produce fruit until #ahde1 three years after his death4 ,fruit medium1 form variable1 globular-obtuse-truncate1 pyriform1 greenish-yellow2 flesh white1 reddish under the skin1 very melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulous1 aromatic1 with a fine flavor2 first2 ,nov4 ,monseigneur des ,hons4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dca1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,gibey-,lorne1 ,troyes1 ,fr41 raised this pear from seed in #ahef4 ,fruit below medium and often small1 usually turbinate1 rather long and obtuse1 but sometimes cylindrical and bossed1 olive-green dotted with russet on the shaded side1 golden on the exposed face1 sometimes blushed with carmine2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 aromatic2 second2 end of ,aug4 ,monseigneur ,sibour4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dcb1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hag4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 from a bed made by ,xavier ,grgoire2 it dates from #ahee4 ,fruit above medium but often less1 ovate1 swelled in its lower half1 yellowish-green1 dotted1 marbled and streaked with gray-russet and more or less washed with brown-fawn on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 semi-melting1 juicy1 containing numerous grits around the core2 juice saccharine1 vinous and aromatic2 second2 end of ,oct4 ,moon4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3ahc4 #aijh4 ,cultivated by ,silas ,wharton in #ahbd4 ,its synonyms1 ,moon's ,pound1 and ,pound1 ,moon's1 are significant of its size4 ,fruit described by ,ragan as medium sized1 yellow2 flesh melting1 juicy2 good2 late4 ,moorcroft4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fai4 #ahhd4 ,often called in ,england the ,malvern pear1 being much grown about that place2 esteemed for perry4 ,fruit small1 globular1 even and regular in outline1 greenish-yellow on the shaded side1 and with a brownish tinge on the side next the sun1 strewed all over with large ashy gray freckles of russet2 flesh breaking4 ,moorfowl ,egg4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cfa4 #ahca4 ,muirfowl ,egg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fai4 #ahhd4 ,an old ,scotch dessert pear partaking somewhat of the character of ,swan ,egg4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 dull green changing to yellow-green1 mottled with red next the sun1 and thickly strewed with pale brown-russety dots2 flesh yellowish1 semi-buttery1 tender1 sweet and with a slight perfume2 ,oct4 ,morel4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ba3aea4 #ahee4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dcd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,propagated by ,alexandre ,bivort1 successor of ,van ,mons1 and can be traced earlier than #ahdc4 ,fruit below medium or small1 ovate1 sensibly hexagonal1 flattened at either extremity1 and one side usually more enlarged than the other1 yellowish-green1 dotted and marbled with russet2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 breaking1 rather granular at the center2 juice abundant1 wanting in sweetness1 insipid and of a very unpleasant astringency2 second1 but good only for cooking2 ,apr4 ,morgan4 #a4 ,horticulturist #ad3bej1 fig4 #ahei4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #be3eda4 #ahei4 ,originated on the farm of a ,mr4 ,morgan in ,new ,hanover ,county1 ,north ,carolina4 ,fruit large1 oblate varying to obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 speckled with gray-russet intermingled with some tracery of the same2 flesh white1 a little gritty1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly vinous2 very good1 nearly best2 ,oct4 ,morley4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,mentioned in ,parkinson's list of orchard pears as a very good peare1 like in forme and colour unto the ,windsor but somewhat grayer4 ,morosovskaja4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahhj4 ,mentioned in a paper read by ,mr4 ,j4 ,l4 ,budd before the ,horticultural ,society of ,iowa in #ahhj4 ,it is a ,russian variety1 having gritty1 thorn-like wood4 ,moskovka4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3ahd4 #aijh4 ,a ,russian variety said to be largely grown for cooking4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 juicy2 early season4 ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agc4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,ger41 #ahjb4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 sides rather unequal1 whitish-yellow skin changing to lemon-yellow1 without any blush1 dotted indistinctly1 russeted2 flesh yellow1 breaking1 coarse-grained1 juicy1 aromatic1 sweet2 third for dessert1 but first for cooking and perry2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,moyamensing4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3bgd4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hah4 #ahfi4 ,supposed to be a native4 ,the original tree stood in #ahdg in the garden of ,j4 ,b4 ,smith of ,philadelphia4 ,fruit medium1 variable in form1 some globular1 others obovate1 uniform light yellow1 with patches and dots of russet2 flesh whitish1 buttery1 melting1 coarse1 sweet2 with a rich1 spicy and delicious flavor2 good to best2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,mrs4 ,seden4 #a4 ,garden #gf3cf1 figs4 #aiab4 ,a cross between ,seckel and ,bergamotte ,espren2 exhibited by ,james ,veitch and ,sons1 ,chelsea1 ,eng41 before the ,royal ,horticultural ,society in ,january1 #aiab1 and received an award of merit4 ,fruit small1 round1 yellow1 toning to a bright crimson on the sunny side2 flesh is free from the grittiness which sometimes characterizes the fruits of ,bergamotte ,espren2 the flavor is remarkably fine2 ,jan4 ,muddy ,brook4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahff4 ,a seedling from ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff of ,brookline1 ,mass41 which fruited in #ahfb4 ,fruit diameter #b-a_/d inches1 short pyriform2 skin dark green2 flesh white1 melting and juicy1 with good flavor2 great bearer and good market pear2 ,sept4 ,muir ,everbearing4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,originated with ,hal ,muir1 ,bloomfield1 ,ky41 about #ahgj4 ,reported as delicious2 ,august to ,november4 ,mungo ,park4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afj1 #ahef4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahgf4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons named after the celebrated ,scotch voyager4 ,fruit small1 turbinate-pyriform or globular-ovate1 very pale green sprinkled with fawn dots1 very small1 numerous1 and feebly visible1 the basic green passing at maturity to pale whitish-yellow and becoming a little golden on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting1 free from grit1 full of sugary juice1 sprightly and agreeably perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,munz ,apothekerbirne4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #cj3cgj4 #ahia4 ,presumably ,german4 ,a medium-sized pear1 obovate1 oblong1 with a stalk rather more than an inch long1 continuous with the fruit1 yellowish2 flesh white2 of good flavor2 ,aug4 ,muscadine4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #a3cfd4 #ahce4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hah4 #ahfi4 ,the original tree is supposed to have grown on the farm of a ,dr4 ,fowler near ,newburgh1 ,n4 ,y41 and the pear was introduced to notice by ,downing4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 regular in form1 pale yellowish-green1 thickly sprinkled with brown dots2 flesh white1 buttery1 semi-melting1 with an agreeable rich1 musky flavor2 good to very good1 a valuable late summer variety2 end of ,aug4 and beginning of ,sept4 ,muscat ,allemand d',automne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dcg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bef4 #ahhi4 ,found in the ,horticultural ,society's ,garden at ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahcc4 ,its origin is uncertain but the name indicates that it came from ,germany4 ,fruit medium and sometimes below1 rather variable in form1 from long-pyriform1 slightly obtuse and regular in contour1 to irregular-ovate and strongly bossed1 somber yellow1 dotted with clear gray1 extensively washed with russet1 and vermilioned on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 rather granular1 watery2 juice abundant and saccharine1 vinous1 musky and almost always marred by too great an acidity2 second2 ,oct4 ,muscat ,fleuri d't4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aba4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dda1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,known at ,orlans at the end of the sixteenth century under the name ,muscat longue queue4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate or turbinate slightly ovate1 olive-yellow finely dotted with fawn and washed with red-brown on the cheek next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 musky2 second2 end of ,july4 ,muscat ,robert4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3abj1 ,pl4 ,,ii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hah4 #ahfi4 ,this pear was mentioned by ,le ,lectier in #afbh and by la ,quintinye in #afij under the name of ,pucelle de ,saintonge4 ,its name of ,muscat ,robert dates from about #afgb and ,merlet wrote of it in #afge as the ,amber ,pear or ,muscat ,robert4 ,it has also been widely known as the ,amber ,pear4 ,fruit small1 globular1 very round in all its lower part but slightly conic at its other extremity where it is a little wrinkled1 yellowish-green1 finely and uniformly dotted with olive-brown and sometimes rather carmined on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 breaking or semi-breaking1 inclined to rot before ripe1 granular1 very juicy1 sugary1 very musky2 second2 mid-,july4 ,muscat ,royal4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3abj4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ddd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,an old ,french pear growing in kitchen garden at ,versailles planted about #afgj by ,la ,quintinye for ,louis ,,xiv4 ,it was then called ,muscat fleuri d',autumne or ,muscat longue queue1 on account of its long stem4 ,fruit small1 globular in its lower half but somewhat conic-obtuse in its upper half2 skin fine1 grayish-yellow1 dotted with clear brown and partly covered with russet which often passes into brownish-red of a somber hue on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting or semi-melting1 watery1 rather granular round the seeds2 juice abundant1 very saccharine1 more or less acid and having a pleasant flavor2 second2 ,sept4 ,muscat ,royal de ,mayer4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bbe1 fig4 #aaa4 #ahff-gc4 ,this is the ,muscat ,royal described by the ,german ,mayer in his ,pomona ,franconia1 #aggi1 and by ,diel in #ahjd1 and must not be confused with the ,muscat ,royal of ,duhamel4 ,fruit small or nearly medium on a pruned tree1 globular-turbinate1 largest circumference around the middle1 very obtuse2 skin thick1 green1 covered with a sort of white bloom which dulls it1 sprinkled with numerous round1 whitish-gray dots1 especially apparent on the side next the sun where they are nearly white2 at maturity the green brightens somewhat2 by the time it becomes yellow the fruit is already over ripe2 flesh greenish1 coarse1 gritty at the core1 semi-buttery1 fairly full of sugary juice1 with an agreeable musky flavor2 third1 should be eaten promptly on ripening2 end of ,july4 ,muscat ,roye4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3acd4 #ahca4 ,fruit small1 oblong2 skin rough to the touch1 yellowish-green on the shaded side1 and of a pleasant red next the sun2 flesh breaking and perfumed2 end of ,aug4 ,muscatelle4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ddh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,one of the last gains of ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 who died in #ahdg4 ,fruit small1 nearly globular or globular-conic1 at first water-green dotted with numerous round points brown in color1 changing to lemon-yellow2 flesh yellowish1 transparent1 semi- or nearly melting1 full of sugary juice strongly scented with musk2 first2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,musette d',anjou4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ddf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,claude ,saint-tienne wrote of this pear briefly in #afhg1 being the first writer to mention it4 ,probably it originated in the old province of ,anjou4 ,its name and form recall the rural bag-pipes which the ,breton country folk play1 and dance to4 ,fruit below medium1 very elongated1 flattened at its extremities1 constricted at the middle1 the upper part being often bent so as to make it resemble the musical instrument after which it is named1 lemon-yellow or yellow-ochre1 dotted uniformly with gray and brown points2 flesh white1 coarse and breaking1 watery and gritty2 juice sufficient1 rarely very saccharine1 more or less astringent1 slightly perfumed1 and with a disagreeable after-taste2 third2 ,sept4 ,musette de ,nancy4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fba4 #ahhd4 ,fruit large1 pyramidal and handsome1 with an uneven and undulating outline1 shaped like ,beurr de ,rance1 lemon-yellow covered with a fine1 warm1 orange-brown or bright cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather crisp like the texture of ,passe ,colmar2 juice abundant1 rich1 saccharine and very finely perfumed2 first2 end of ,oct4 and beginning of ,nov4 ,muskateller-,bergamotte4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ba4 #ahef4 ,origin uncertain1 probably ,german4 ,fruit small1 globular1 light grass-green changing to yellowish-green1 uniform in color1 washed with brown on the side exposed to the sun1 strongly dotted with brown2 flesh melting1 extremely musky2 first for the table2 ,oct4 ,muskingum4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #aec4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hai4 #ahfi4 ,origin uncertain1 but probably either ,ohio or ,connecticut is its native habitat4 ,fruit medium1 globular to obovate1 greenish-yellow1 with dark specks and much russet2 flesh breaking1 yellow-white1 with many dark specks and much russet1 juicy1 sprightly1 vinous1 pleasantly perfumed1 aromatic flavor2 good2 middle and last of ,aug4 ,muskirte ,wintereirbirne4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ejh4 #ahag4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3eg4 #ahef4 ,a ,dutch variety1 published in #ahja4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 medium ventriculous2 skin fine and smooth1 light straw-yellow changing to a waxy lemon-yellow and often washed with a golden blush2 flesh semi-breaking1 sweet1 having a musky aroma2 second for dessert1 first for household2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,musque d',espren4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ddh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,major ,espren2 probably first reported in #ahde4 ,fruit medium1 variable in form1 passing from ovate rounded at each end to ovate nearly cylindrical and more or less bossed2 greenish-yellow1 dotted and streaked with russet2 flesh whitish1 fine1 breaking1 perfumed2 juice very abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous and very musky in flavor and agreeable2 first2 beginning of ,feb4 and through ,mar4 ,mussette4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afi4 #ahef4 ,a ,normandy perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 rather long-pyriform2 skin a dirty greenish-yellow changing to brown-green2 flesh gritty1 juicy1 sweet1 sharp and vinous2 good for household use1 first class for perry2 end of ,oct4 ,mtzchensbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afb4 #ahef4 ,german1 #ahjg4 ,fruit small1 in clusters1 short-turbinate1 upper end flat1 greenish-yellow1 covered with cinnamon and dotted2 flesh whitish-yellow1 tender1 sweet1 vinous2 third for dessert1 first for culinary use2 ,oct4 ,naegelgesbirn4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hj4 #ahgf4 ,a ,rhenish-,prussian perry pear which is exceedingly prolific but produces a perry of inferior quality4 ,nain ,vert4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #iad4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dej1 fig4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #cb3bef4 #ahif4 ,this strange variety was obtained from seed by ,m4 de ,nerbonne1 in the commune of ,huill 7,maine-et-,loire71 ,fr41 and first fruited in #ahci4 ,the tree forms a bush between #c and #d feet high2 it is remarkable for its dwarf habit1 and its erect1 thick1 fleshy branches1 ,fruit medium and sometimes larger1 globular1 irregular1 but variable in form2 skin thin1 slightly rough1 yellowish-green1 uniformly covered with large gray-russet dots2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 rather dry2 juice deficient1 sugary1 sweet1 almost without perfume2 third2 ,oct4 ,napa4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahie4 ,originated in ,california and was introduced by ,leonard ,coates in #ahhf4 ,fruit very large1 mid-season4 ,naples4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dea1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fba4 #ahhd4 ,this old variety known in ,france for many centuries and described by ,claude ,saint-tienne in #afgj was also known as the ,feuille de chne or ,oak leaf4 ,its name indicates that it came from ,italy4 ,henri ,manger said in #aghj that it appeared to him to be identical with the pear ,picentia described by ,pliny4 ,fruit medium and often less1 turbinate-obtuse much swelled at central circumference1 and more or less bossed at both extremities1 olive-yellow or bright green at first1 changing to a beautiful lemon-yellow1 finely dotted with fawn1 brownish-red next the sun1 changing to bright red as the ground color changes2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-breaking1 almost free from grit2 juice plentiful1 sweet and sugary1 possessing usually a slight after-taste of anis2 second2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,napoleon4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hai4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahi4 #aibj4 ,napoleon ,i4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dec1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,napoleon ,butterbirne4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #beg4 #ahhi4 ,napoleon was raised in #ahjh by ,m4 ,liard1 a gardener at ,mons1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 swelled toward the base2 skin thin1 smooth1 bright green changing to greenish-yellow1 covered with numerous brown dots1 seldom blushed2 flesh white and fine1 tender1 melting1 rather granular1 very juicy1 with a very saccharine1 refreshing and aromatic flavor2 first1 a valuable dessert pear2 mid-,oct4 or nearly ,nov4 to ,dec4 ,napoleon ,savinien4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3ga1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hai4 #ahfi4 ,obtained in the garden of the ,society ,van ,mons at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,bel41 in #ahed4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-ventriculous or pyriform-ventriculous1 acute at the top which passes into the stalk2 greenish-yellow1 dotted with gray-russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 juicy and perfumed1 saccharine2 juice musky1 delicate2 ,oct4 to ,mar42 the long period of its ripening is its very valuable quality4 ,napoleon ,,iii4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3deg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbb4 #ahhd4 ,the seedling which bore this beautiful fruit came from the seed beds of ,andr ,leroy4 ,it was first reported in #ahfd4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 obtuse1 uneven1 deep yellow1 dotted and streaked with russet1 and marked with numerous brownish stains2 flesh white1 fine1 juicy and vinous1 saccharine1 tastes sourish2 an excellent pear1 first2 ,sept4 ,naquette4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3aji1 fig4 #ec4 #ahff-gc4 ,under the name ,naquette this pear was described by ,claude ,saint-tienne in #afgj4 ,after that time it appears to have been classed in the ,caillot family with the name ,caillot4 ,later still it received among other names that of ,bergamot ,early 7,lindley7 and ,bergamote ,prcoce 7,calvel74 ,fruit medium or smaller1 spherical1 flattened at both poles2 skin thin1 smooth1 grass-green dotted with fawn1 when ripe clouded with yellow on the shaded side and washed or streaked with red on the cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 rather transparent1 fine1 melting1 full of sugary juice1 acidulous1 pleasantly perfumed1 very delicate2 first2 mid-,aug4 ,nassau ,ehre4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dg4 #ahef4 ,belgian1 #ahbc4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 blushed1 somewhat streaked with vermilion1 slightly russeted2 flesh semi-breaking1 fine1 cinnamon-flavored1 sweet2 second for dessert1 first for household use2 end of ,aug4 ,naudin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahgf4 ,published in the ,revue ,horticole1 ,fr41 in #ahfi4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 grass-green stained with gray2 flesh extremely melting1 very juicy1 pleasantly relieved with a fresh savor2 first2 ,aug4 to ,oct4 ,naumkeag4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #adi4 #ahda4 ,originated at ,salem1 ,mass41 by ,george ,johonnot2 derives its name from the old ,indian name of ,salem4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 yellow-russet2 flesh juicy1 melting but rather astringent in flavor2 good2 ,oct4 ,navez ,peintre4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbb4 #ahhd4 ,received by ,hogg1 the ,english pomologist1 from ,m4 ,papeleu1 ,wetteren1 ,bel41 in #aheg4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 even and regular in form1 yellowish-green on the shaded side and marked with bands of brown-russet1 but with a blush of brownish-red next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 melting1 very juicy1 piquant and sugary1 with a fine aroma2 a very fine pear2 end of ,sept4 ,neapolitan4 #a4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #b3,pl4 #gb4 #ahbc4 ,described by ,brookshaw in #ahbc as a valuable acquisition to ,english collections4 ,fruit thin-skinned1 green changing to yellow when quite ripe1 rich in flavor1 and so juicy that it cannot be pared without a considerable quantity of the juice running from it2 ,nov4 ,nec ,plus ,meuris4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbb4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #ahi4 #aibj4 ,this is not the ,nec ,plus ,meuris of ,france which is our ,beurr d',anjou4 ,the origin is uncertain4 ,fruit small1 round-oval1 uneven1 greenish-yellow1 nearly covered with rough brown-russet2 stem very short1 stout1 continuous with the fruit2 calyx large1 open1 in a small basin2 flesh pale1 yellow1 melting1 deliciously perfumed2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,nectarine4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbb4 #ahhd4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 yellow covered with large dots and patches of pale brown-russet2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 rich1 with a fine1 brisk1 acidulous flavor and agreeable aroma2 first-rate1 with a good deal of the character of the ,passe ,colmar2 ,oct4 ,negley4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3bfg1 #cig4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbj4 #ahfi4 ,introduced in #ahfj by ,j4 ,s4 ,negley1 ,pittsburg1 ,pa4 ,fruit above medium1 obtusely obovate1 nearly regular1 sometimes a perfect pyriform1 rich lemon shaded with bright crimson in the sun1 sprinkled with minute brown-russet dots2 flesh white1 a little coarse1 moderately melting1 juicy1 richly saccharine1 vinous1 slightly aromatic2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,new ,bridge4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3bjd4 #ahcb4 ,described in the ,london ,horticultural ,society's catalog in #ahcb as having been produced in the ,horticultural ,garden at ,chiswick4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate1 dull gray covered with thin gray-russet1 and light1 lively1 shining brown on the sunny side2 flesh melting1 a little gritty1 with a sugary juice1 but without flavor2 ,oct4 ,new ,haven4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #c3cbg4 #ahcg4 ,a seedling raised in the garden of ,dr4 ,ives1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,it was said to partake of the habit of ,white ,doyenn1 to be a good cropper1 and of excellent quality4 ,new ,meadow4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbc4 #ahhd4 ,a perry pear1 grown in ,herefordshire1 ,england4 ,fruit very small1 turbinate1 covered with brownish-gray russet1 and a brownish cheek next the sun4 ,newhall4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cg4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbj4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,f4 and ,l4 ,clapp1 exhibited before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahfg4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 inclining to oval1 surface rather uneven1 yellow at maturity1 with some traces of russet1 occasionally blushed on the side next the sun2 flesh melting1 buttery1 tender1 very juicy1 sweet1 with a musky aroma2 very good2 ,oct4 ,newtown4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbj4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,newtown1 ,long ,island4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 lemon-yellow1 netted and patched with russet2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 semi-melting1 sweet1 and pleasant2 good2 ,sept4 ,nicholas4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aj4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling shown by ,messrs4 ,f4 and ,l4 ,clapp in ,november1 #ahfi4 ,fruit medium1 obovate2 skin thin1 yellow2 very juicy and highly flavored4 ,nickerson4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbj4 #ahfi4 ,originated from seed planted at ,readfield1 ,me4 ,fruit large1 oblong-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with a dull red cheek on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 vinous1 sweet2 good2 ,oct4 ,nicolas ,eischen4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahgf4 ,reported in #ahgf by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis as on trial in their nurseries at ,metz1 ,lorraine4 ,it was said to be a beautiful fruit1 speckled and very musky like the ,bartlett1 but more perfumed2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,niell d',hiver4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3ahi4 #aijh4 ,shown at a meeting of the ,cincinnati ,horticultural ,society in #ahee4 ,a late variety1 acid in flavor4 ,nikitaer ,grne ,herbst-,apothekerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahb4 #ahef4 ,bon-,chrtien de ,nikita4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #bhb4 #ahie4 ,german1 published #aheb4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 light green changing to light green-yellow1 without any blush1 numerous fine dots1 russeted on the sun-exposed side2 flesh yellowish-white1 sweet1 vinous2 first for household purposes2 ,oct41 eight weeks4 ,niles4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3gf4 #ahed4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hba4 #ahfi4 ,this variety was imported from ,france about #ahej by the ,hon4 ,j4 ,m4 ,niles1 ,hartford1 ,conn41 without a name4 ,it was consequently designated ,niles4 ,some pomologists have considered it to be the ,easter ,beurr1 but it appears to be more oblong in form1 more yellow in color1 to have a longer stem and to be earlier in time of maturity4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellow thickly covered with russet dots2 flesh juicy1 buttery1 sweet and pleasant2 ,dec4 ,niochi de ,parma4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahgf4 ,a summer variety highly esteemed in ,piedmont1 ,italy4 ,it is suitable for cultivation on a large scale and is hardy1 having resisted the phenomenal ,european frost of #ahgi-ahhj4 ,noir ,grain4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ahj4 #ahcb4 ,a variety very highly esteemed in ,flanders in the early part of the last century4 ,fruit is of medium size and matures in ,sept41 the flesh being buttery as is indicated by its synonym ,beurr noire graine4 ,noire d',alagier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #if4 #ahie4 ,a ,caucasian variety sent out by ,m4 ,niemetz1 ,winnitsa1 ,podolia1 ,russia4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,the fruit is said to resemble ,winter ,nelis1 gray1 bronze-russeted1 rough2 flesh fine1 juicy4 ,nonpareil4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hba4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling raised by ,judge ,livingston1 of ,new ,york4 ,fruit globular-oblate1 russety-yellow1 mostly overspread and shaded with red in sun1 and bright fawn-russet in shade2 flesh yellowish-white1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 perfumed2 ,nov4 ,nordhuser ,winter-,forellenbirne4 #a4 ,deutschland ,obst4 #b3,pt4 #f1 ,pl4 #aijf4 ,a ,north ,german variety of the ,forelle or ,trout ,pear4 ,it is known as the ,winter ,forelle or ,northern ,forelle4 ,fruit medium1 conic-obtuse2 skin smooth and shining1 greenish-yellow1 speckled and washed with red on the side next the sun1 dotted all over on the shaded face with fine brownish-red2 flesh white1 melting1 sweet1 aromatic and agreeable2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,norfolk ,county4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff of ,brookline1 ,mass41 and submitted by him to the ,fruit ,committee of the ,horticultural ,society of that state in #ahff4 ,fruit1 long diameter #c-c_/d inches1 short diameter #c-a_/d inches1 long turbinate1 green with dots1 good grain1 juicy1 with pleasant flavor1 ripens well1 a handsome fruit and large bearer2 ,oct4 #aa4 ,normnnische ,ciderbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #afh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,this pear was found growing wild in ,normandy1 ,fr41 and in ,upper ,austria1 and is excellent for making perry and for distillation4 ,fruit very small1 turbinate1 greenish-yellow covered with cinnamon-russet and ashy-gray dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather dry1 sweet but with some sprightliness2 ,sept4 ,notaire ,lepin4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ddi4 #ahhi4 ,notaire ,lepin was obtained by ,m4 ,rollet1 a horticulturist at ,villefranche1 ,rhne1 ,fr41 about #ahfj and was placed on the market in #ahgi4 ,fruit large or very large1 variable in size1 obtuse-pyramidal but variable1 skin fine1 somewhat rough to the touch1 yellow1 dotted with russet1 marbled with fawn1 flesh white1 granular around the core1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 saccharine1 slightly but agreeably perfumed2 its quality very variable1 rather good1 and rarely very good2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,notaire ,minot4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dfe1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hba4 #ahfi4 ,a posthumous gain of ,van ,mons of only very moderate merit4 ,it fruited in nurseries at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 in #ahdd4 ,fruit medium1 rather variable in form1 but usually irregular ovate-globular or very obtuse-turbinate and ventriculous2 skin thick and rather rough1 grass-green1 dotted all over with fawn and blushed with dark red on the side of the sun2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 very gritty around the core2 juice insufficient1 saccharine1 aromatic1 having a disagreeable astringency2 third2 ,oct4 ,nouveau ,doyenn d',hiver4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3i1 fig4 #e4 #ahgb4 ,stated by ,diel to have been a gain of ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 spherical or spherical-conic1 slightly depressed at the two poles1 even in its outline2 skin thick and firm1 of a very clear green1 sprinkled with small brown dots regularly placed in a characteristic manner2 at maturity the basic green passes to pale yellow and the side next the sun becomes a little golden2 flesh white1 rather fine1 compact1 breaking or semi-breaking2 juice deficient1 saccharine but wanting in perfume2 not very desirable2 end of winter4 ,nouveau ,poiteau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dff1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aij4 #aibj4 ,according to ,leroy this was a seedling of ,van ,mons raised in his nursery at ,louvain from a bed made in #ahbg4 ,fruit large and sometimes enormous1 oblong or irregular-ovate1 always much bossed1 swelled around the middle and often more so on one side than on the other1 grass-green1 covered with numerous fawn dots1 and with some squamose patches of brown-russet on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 greenish near the core1 very fine1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 savory2 first2 ,oct4 ,nouvelle ,agla4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahgf4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,brabant4 ,fruit medium1 long-obtuse-oval1 dark yellow touched with fawn2 flesh fine1 juicy2 first2 end of autumn4 ,nouvelle ,fulvie4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3ei1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aij4 #aibj4 ,belle de ,jarnac4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3bjc1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,a gain of ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,first reported in #ahed4 ,fruit large or very large1 pyramidal-pyriform1 strongly bossed1 lemon-yellow when ripe1 colored with vivid red on the side exposed to the sun1 marked and dotted with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 very fine1 melting1 buttery2 juice very abundant1 sugary1 having an exquisite perfume2 good2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,nussbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afb4 #ahef4 ,schwarben1 ,thuringer ,wald1 ,ger41 #ahjj4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 green1 thick skin2 flesh firm1 breaking1 vinous and acidulous2 first for household2 end of ,aug4 ,nypse4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahgf4 ,a winter pear received by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 from ,italy1 and on trial in that firm's orchards in #ahgf4 ,oakley ,park ,bergamotte4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3aeb4 #ahdg4 ,raised from seed by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,downton ,castle1 ,eng4 former ,president of the ,london ,horticultural ,society4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 greenish-yellow1 with russet2 flesh buttery1 melting2 good2 ,oct4 ,ochsenherz4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahe4 #ahef4 ,coeur-de-,boeuf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ij1 #beh4 #ahgf4 ,south ,germany1 #ahja4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 crooked1 light green turning to lemon-yellow1 almost entirely blushed with dull light red1 dotted with green2 flesh pulpy and tender1 not juicy1 very sweet and musky2 third for table1 first for household and market2 end of ,oct4 ,ockletree4 #a4 ,hist4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #cg4 #ahhj4 ,this was a seedling brought from ,pittsburg1 ,pa41 in #ahjd and planted near ,vincennes1 ,ind4 ,in #ahcg it produced #adj bushels of pears1 the largest crop recorded from it4 ,in #ahee it measured ten and one-half feet in circumference at the smallest place below the limbs1 seventy-five feet across the top1 and sixty-five feet in height4 ,in #ahfg it was split down by a tornado1 and seven or eight years later the trunk also died4 ,it took its name from ,mr4 ,ockletree its owner4 ,the fruit was of inferior quality4 ,octave ,lachambre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dfi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,octave ,lachambre1 ,loudon1 ,vienne1 ,fr41 found this variety in the orchard of the ,chteau of ,gurinire about #ahbe4 ,m4 ,lachambre propagated it and offered it to ,leroy who placed it on the market in #ahfj4 ,fruit medium or less1 globular-ovate1 bossed1 flattened at the top1 and always smaller on one side than on the other1 dull yellow1 finely dotted and streaked with russet1 slightly mottled with fawn on the cheek exposed to the sun and around the calyx and stalk2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting or semi-melting1 rather granular around the core2 juice extremely abundant1 acidulous and saccharine1 more or less aromatic but always full of flavor2 first2 ,may4 ,oesterreichische ,muskatellerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bd4 #ahef4 ,austria1 #ahea4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 medium ventriculous2 skin thick1 greenish-yellow1 somewhat blushed with brown and without russet2 flesh firm1 somewhat gritty1 very melting and juicy2 first for dessert1 household and market2 ,sept4 ,oeuf de ,woltmann4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bba1 fig4 #aji4 #ahff-gc4 ,of ,german origin4 ,fruit small to medium1 exactly ovate1 bright green1 sprinkled with numerous dots1 some gray and some dark green2 at maturity the basic green changes to pale yellow the dots becoming less visible and on well-exposed fruits the side next the sun is slightly blushed with earthy-red on which are some dots of whitish-gray2 flesh very white1 semi-fine1 semi-breaking1 sugary1 with a refreshing and agreeable perfume2 good2 end of ,july4 ,ogereau4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #agg3ci4 #ahii4 ,believed to be ,european4 ,fruit obovate-oblong-pyriform1 yellow blushed with red1 some russet2 flesh white1 buttery1 vinous1 medium quality1 for market2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,ognon4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #gj4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,gilbert1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular1 irregular1 green covered with russet2 third class2 ,sept4 ,ognonnet4 #a4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cge4 #aijh4 ,a cider pear used in ,france for the production of alcohol by distillation4 ,oignon4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dgc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aia4 #aibj4 ,this is a variety which ,leroy found cultivated in the western ,departments of ,france which he thought might be the same as the pear called by ,le ,lectier in #afbh ,oignon d't de ,bretagne4 ,in ,england it is one of the most fertile pears grown4 ,fruit above medium1 spherical1 much flattened at both ends and often smaller on one side than on the other2 skin thick and rough1 gray-fawn1 entirely covered with large grayish dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 breaking1 rather granular around the core2 juice moderate in amount1 sweet1 saccharine1 only slightly perfumed2 second2 end of ,sept4 ,oignonet de ,provence4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dgd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the origin of this pear is unknown1 but it was propagated by ,m4 ,urbain ,audibert1 a nurseryman near ,tarascon in the ,south of ,france4 ,in #ahab ,m4 ,audibert sent it to ,m4 ,loiseleur-,deslongchamps who later published at ,paris the ,nouveau ,duhamel4 ,in this work it was described and illustrated in #ahae4 ,fruit small1 globular or ovate1 decidedly rounded2 skin fine and thin1 grass-green1 covered with small gray dots1 generally speckled with fawn and washed with clear reddish-russet on the side of the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 fine or semi-fine1 melting1 gritty at the center2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 vinegary1 with a rather agreeable taste of anis2 second2 end of ,july4 ,oken4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ba4 #ahef4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dge1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,winter ,oken4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffh4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons which fruited about #ahbf4 ,fruit medium1 nearly globular or globular-ovate2 skin fine1 tender1 pale green sprinkled with gray1 extensively stained with fawn and slightly vermilioned on the side next the sun2 flesh very white and fine1 melting1 watery1 rather granular around the core2 juice abundant1 saccharine and having an exquisite aroma2 first2 mid-,oct4 to end of ,nov4 ,oldfield4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3baj4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbd4 #ahhd4 ,this is one of the most popular ,english perry pears1 and took its name from the field where it was raised near ,ledbury in ,herefordshire4 ,fruit small1 globular1 even and regularly formed2 skin uniform yellow1 covered with minute dots1 and with a patch of russet around the stalk2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 breaking and very astringent4 ,olivenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahh4 #ahef4 ,german ,rhineland1 #ahjf4 ,fruit medium or small1 globular-turbinate1 dark olive-green turning to dull yellowish1 dotted1 and somewhat blushed with brownish-red2 flesh white1 fine1 cinnamon-flavored1 gritty toward center2 third for dessert1 first for household2 ,nov4 ,oliver ,russet4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3bab4 #ahdd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #egi4 #aheg4 ,oliver ,russet originated about #ahcb and was shown before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in the autumn of #ahdc by ,g4 ,w4 ,oliver1 ,lynn1 ,mass41 in whose garden the parent tree was found growing4 ,fruit medium or below1 obovate1 obtuse2 skin fair cinnamon-russet on a yellow ground1 with a blush2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 melting1 juicy without much flavor2 ,oct4 ,one-third4 #a4 ,iowa ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bai4 #ahgi4 ,reported to be growing on the ,iowa ,state ,college ,farm and to have been called ,one-third1 from the fact that it is the third generation from seeds originally sown in ,wisconsin4 ,oneida4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbc4 #ahfi4 ,originated in western ,new ,york4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular1 pale yellow1 partially netted and patched with light russet2 flesh white1 coarse1 juicy1 semi-melting1 agreeable2 good2 ,sept4 ,onion4 #a4 ,mawe-,abercrombie ,univ4 ,gard4 ,bot4 #aggh4 ,la ,grosse ,oignonette4 #b4 ,brookshaw ,pomona #b3,pl4 ,,liii4 #ahag4 ,the ,onion1 or ,la ,grosse ,oignonette1 is a rare pear and is distinct from ,oignonet de ,provence4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 brown-skinned2 flesh sweet1 well flavored but rather dry1 and when too ripe becomes pithy2 ,sept4 ,orange1 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,a seedling fruited by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff of ,brookline1 ,mass41 in #ahfb4 ,fruit diameter #c-a_/b inches1 globular2 skin tough and bright yellow1 with dots2 flesh fine-grained1 keeps well and is a good cooking pear2 end of ,dec4 ,orange-,bergamot4 #a4 ,bradley ,gard4 #aii4 #agci4 #b4 ,brookshaw ,horticultural ,repository #a3fc1 ,pl4 #ca4 #ahbc4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbe4 #ahhd4 ,of ,english origin4 ,tree hardy1 free bearer1 succeeding on either pear or quince stock4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate2 skin smooth1 pale green changing to yellow or yellow-green at maturity1 blushed with dull red on the side next the sun1 strewed with whitish-gray dots2 flesh white1 semi-melting1 juicy1 with a sweet1 orange flavor2 dessert pear2 early ,sept4 ,orange d',hiver4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3add1 ,pl4 ,,xix1 fig4 #d4 #agfh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbd4 #ahfi4 ,winter ,pomeranzenbirne4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #ejg4 #ahag4 ,winter ,orange4 #d4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cij4 #ahca4 ,this is a very old pear1 probably of ,french origin4 ,tree rather vigorous1 said to be a late but heavy bearer4 ,fruit medium1 round1 somewhat flattened at base and apex1 bright yellow1 covered all over with numerous brown dots and lined with russet2 stem medium long1 stout1 inserted in a small1 oblique cavity2 calyx small1 open1 set in a small1 round1 very shallow depression2 flesh white1 rather gritty1 firm1 crisp1 very juicy1 with a pleasant1 slightly musky1 aromatic flavor2 a good cooking pear and a fair dessert pear2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,orange ,mandarine1 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dhc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbe4 #ahhd4 ,raised from seed by ,leroy at ,angers1 ,fr41 and fruited first in #ahfc4 ,fruit below medium and sometimes a little larger1 globular1 rather regular in outline1 more or less mammillate at the summit1 pale yellow1 passing to clear russet on the cheek exposed to the sun1 and covered with minute brown dots2 flesh white1 very fine and very melting1 slightly gritty at the center2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 endowed with an exquisite perfume2 first2 ,oct4 ,orange ,musque4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3adj1 ,pl4 ,x4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbe4 #ahhd4 ,mskierte ,pomeranzenbirne4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bee4 #ahhi4 ,this is an old pear of uncertain origin1 though probably ,french or ,italian4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 more or less bossed1 flattened at both ends though sometimes rather conic and obtuse at the top2 smooth skin punctured like an orange1 yellow-green changing to fine lemon1 with a lively red next the sun but rather variable2 flesh white1 coarse1 breaking1 gritty at center2 juice not very abundant1 rather saccharine1 sweet1 possessing a musky flavor and perfume2 quality variable1 on the whole1 good2 end of ,aug4 ,orange ,rouge4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3ada4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dhf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,red ,orange4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcf4 #ahhd4 ,an old variety of obscure origin4 ,henri ,manger wrote in #aghc that it appeared to him to be the ,favonianum ,rubrum mentioned by ,pliny1 but it appears according to ,m4 ,leroy more likely to have originated at ,poitiers1 and to be the ,rousette or ,orange du ,poitou or ,poire de ,poitiers4 ,fruit medium1 round1 even1 regular or inclining to turbinate2 skin thick1 clear grayish-yellow1 clouded with green on the shaded side1 sprinkled with pale gray dots and extensively washed and streaked with a lively dark red2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine2 juice abundant1 more or less saccharine1 acidulous and musky2 second1 often third2 end of ,aug4 ,orange ,tulipe4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bjb1 ,pl4 ,,xli4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #dhh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,an old ,french pear grown in the south of ,france and sold in ,paris at a very low price4 ,it is known to have been cultivated for some three centuries1 but is not worth growing today4 ,described in the ,jardinier ,franois in #affe4 ,fruit medium and often below1 globular-ovate1 or turbinate-rounded1 with one side larger than the other2 skin thick and rough1 yellow-green1 sprinkled with large1 gray1 scaly dots1 and well colored with red-brown on the side next the sun1 and numerous carmine streaks and marks on the other side2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 more or less granular around the core2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 slightly astringent1 with a slight perfume of fennel2 third2 ,sept4 ,orange de ,vienne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahgf4 ,wiener ,pomeranzenbirne4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aej4 #ahef4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling1 #ahbe4 ,fruit small to medium1 short-turbinate1 clear yellow1 with light brown dots2 flesh granular1 semi-melting1 very sweet and sugary1 having a ,bergamot flavor2 first for table and all purposes2 mid-,sept4 ,ordensbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3acb4 #ahef4 ,originated in ,nassau1 a former ,german duchy1 #ahjf4 ,fruit medium1 even-sided2 skin smooth and tender1 yellowish-green turning to light yellowish and light green1 seldom blushed1 grass-green dots2 flesh white1 juicy1 semi-buttery2 very good for dessert and good for cooking and the market2 mid-,aug4 ,orel #ae4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ahg4 #ahif4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #da1 #db4 #aiae4 ,introduced from ,russia about #ahhj by ,professor ,budd of the ,iowa ,agricultural ,college4 ,free from blight and apparently valuable as a stock for top-grafting4 ,orpheline ,colmar4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3gg1 fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bfj4 #ahhi4 ,the ,orpheline ,colmar was a gain of ,van ,mons a few years before his death and is a beautiful and handsome fruit4 ,fruit very large1 pyriform and obtuse-pyramidal1 clear green becoming yellow at maturity1 streaked and dotted with grayish-brown and black and stained with russet-fawn on the side of the sun and around the calyx2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 rather granular around the core1 full of saccharine juice and pleasantly perfumed2 good4 ,osband ,summer4 #a4 ,horticulturist #a3baa1 fig4 #ei4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dib1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated in the vicinity of ,palmyra in ,wayne ,county1 ,n4 ,y41 about #ahdj and was at first known as ,summer ,virgalieu and so published in the ,genesee ,farmer in #ahde or #ahdf4 ,fruit small1 obovate-pyriform1 clear yellow1 thickly dotted with small greenish and brown dots1 with a warm cheek on the side next the sun and with some traces of russet especially around the stem and calyx2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 with a rich sugary flavor and agreeable perfume of musk2 first in quality and appearance2 early in ,aug4 ,osborne4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3cch4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbe4 #ahfi4 ,a native variety which originated on the farm of ,john ,osborne1 ,economy1 ,ind4 ,it was introduced by ,ernst1 and published in the ,western ,farmer and ,gardener 7,vol4 #e71 having first fruited in ,ernst's nursery in #ahdd4 ,fruit small1 short-pyriform1 stem planted on one side2 skin thin1 yellowish-green1 with numerous gray dots2 flesh white1 tender1 juicy1 brisk1 sweet1 vinous1 with a slight astringency and highly-perfumed flavor2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,oswego ,beurr4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbe4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,walter ,read1 ,oswego1 ,n4 ,y4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy1 and productive4 ,fruit medium1 oblate1 sometimes inclining to conic1 yellowish-green1 streaked and mottled with thin russet2 flesh melting1 buttery1 juicy1 with a fine1 sprightly1 vinous and aromatic flavor2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,oswego ,incomparable4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbf4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,oswego1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit rather large1 obtuse-obovate-pyriform1 yellow1 slightly netted and patched with russet1 a tinge of crimson in the sun and many russet dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 sweet1 juicy1 agreeable2 moderate quality1 sometimes good2 ,sept4 ,ott4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3dbd4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbf4 #ahfi4 ,ott is a seedling of ,seckel and was originated by ,samuel ,ott1 ,montgomery ,county1 ,pa41 and introduced to the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society by ,dr4 ,brinckl of ,philadelphia in the summer of #ahdh4 ,fruit small1 globular-obovate1 regular1 largest about the middle1 rounding off to the calyx end and narrowing to the stem where it is obtuse2 skin slightly rough1 dull green changing to yellow when mature1 some russet1 bronzy-red on the sunny side and dotted with russet specks intermixed with some greenish spots2 flesh greenish-white1 coarse1 melting1 very juicy1 rich1 sugary1 with a spicy aroma resembling the ,seckel2 very good2 end of ,aug4 ,owen4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,bk4 #agd4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbf4 #ahfi4 ,originated in the garden of ,john ,owen1 ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,fruit small1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 dark green1 shaded with dull red in the sun and thickly sprinkled with green and light dots2 flesh tender1 delicious and finely colored2 one of the finest cooking pears in its season2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,owener ,birne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aj4 #ahef4 ,wrttemberg1 #ahcj4 ,fruit globular-turbinate1 greenish-yellow1 with rather dark blush1 russeted all over2 flesh yellowish-white1 astringent1 juicy1 breaking1 aromatic1 first for household use and the making of perry2 end of ,sept4 ,ozark4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #ch4 #ahie4 ,originated about #ahde from seed taken by a ,mr4 ,rooks from ,kentucky to ,polk ,county1 ,missouri4 ,fruit large1 oblate1 greenish-yellow1 with a few russet veinings and patches1 dots numerous1 minute1 russet2 stem medium long1 in a large1 deep basin2 calyx large1 open2 flesh white1 with yellow veins1 buttery1 granular1 mild subacid2 good2 ,aug4 ,paddock4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ecj4 #aheg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #hbf4 #ahfi4 ,sent out by ,chauncey ,goodrich1 ,burlington1 ,vt4 ,fruit rather below medium1 oblong-ovate-pyriform1 light yellow1 sometimes with a faint blush2 flesh fine-grained1 melting1 sweet1 but not very highly flavored2 good2 end of ,july4 ,pailleau4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3eh4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbf4 #ahfi4 ,attributed to ,van ,mons1 ,belgium4 ,fruit large1 oblong1 greenish-yellow1 rough1 with brown and green dots and patches of russet2 flesh juicy1 sweet1 rich1 good1 but rather coarse-grained2 excellent quality2 early ,sept4 ,pain-et-,vin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3did1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,cultivated in ,normandy early in the nineteenth century under the two names of ,pain-et-,vin and ,chne-,vert or ,green-,oak4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 rather long and swelled2 skin thin1 rough1 dark yellow ground covered with bronze1 freely stained and dotted with gray and reddened on the side of the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 very firm1 although semi-melting1 rather gritty at core1 very juicy1 saccharine1 acid1 very vinous1 with a particularly pleasant flavor2 second2 about mid-,sept1 to beginning of ,oct4 ,palmischbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aga4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aij1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown in ,germany and ,upper ,austria and known in different localities by various names4 ,it was published in ,germany in #ahbc4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 regular in contour1 greenish-yellow turning to light yellow1 often with a dark blush1 covered all over with large gray spots2 flesh whitish1 coarse-grained1 very juicy1 acidulous and saccharine1 aromatic2 third for the table1 but first for perry2 ,sept4 ,paradiesbirne4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ebe4 #ahag4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahb4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 ,ger41 #agig4 ,fruit small to medium1 conic1 yellow-green changing to golden yellow1 slightly blushed1 and dotted with brown1 thin skin2 flesh yellowish-white1 very sweet1 juicy2 second for dessert1 first for household2 end of ,oct4 ,pardee4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ecj4 #aheg4 ,raised by ,s4 ,d4 ,pardee1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,fruit small1 globular1 greenish-yellow1 much covered with russet2 flesh coarse1 granular1 buttery1 juicy1 melting1 with a high vinous flavor1 strongly perfumed2 ,oct4 ,parfum d',aout4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3acf4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dif1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the ,parfum d',aout described here is the variety described under that name by ,jean ,merlet in #afge and #afij and afterwards by ,duhamel in #agfh4 ,it probably originated in the village of ,berny1 not far from ,paris4 ,fruit small1 long1 nearly pyriform1 enlarged on one side more than the other at the lower end2 skin smooth1 pale yellow1 slightly tinged with green1 covered with dots and small speckles of fawn1 tinged with a beautiful red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking or semi-breaking1 some grit around the core2 juice rarely abundant1 saccharine1 sweet1 with a perfume of musky-anis2 second2 end of ,aug4 ,parfum d',hiver4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aea4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dig1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,as early as #afjj1 this variety was grown in ,france under the name ,bouvert ,musqu4 ,tree rather vigorous1 very productive4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-turbinate1 olive-yellow washed with bright red2 stem rather long2 calyx large1 partially open2 flesh brittle1 juicy2 good for cooking2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,parfum de ,rose4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #ahe1 fig4 #ia4 #ahff-gc4 ,obtained by ,bivort and first introduced in #ahdi4 ,fruit small1 long-pyriform1 rather irregular in contour2 skin fine1 a little thick1 water-green and whitish at first1 sprinkled with small dots of grayish-green1 combined with many stains of the same color1 passing at maturity to dull yellow2 flesh nearly white1 very fine1 buttery1 melting2 juice sufficient1 having a distinct perfume of rose1 which is its chief distinguishing feature2 end of ,sept4 ,parfum4 #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #c3 #ahjg4 ,fruit medium1 globular2 skin rather thick and tough1 of a deep red color1 spotted with brown2 flesh melting1 but dry and has a perfumed flavor2 end of ,aug4 ,parfume4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ahf1 fig4 #egh4 #ahha4 ,french4 ,gained by ,m4 ,pariset1 ,courciat-,dongalon1 ,fr41 and fruited for the first time in #ahfi4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 short and thick2 skin thick1 pale green1 sprinkled with numerous greenish-gray dots only slightly visible on the side next the sun1 at maturity pale yellow and the exposed cheek more or less warm gold2 flesh white tinted with yellow1 fine1 melting1 gritty around the center2 juice abundant1 sugary and perfumed2 first2 beginning of winter4 ,parrot4 #a4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #adj4 #aijd4 ,introduced in ,england about #aijj4 ,fruit like ,bergamot in form2 very richly flavored2 ,oct4 ,parsonage4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ecj4 #aheg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #hbh4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,new ,rochelle1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit medium to large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 often inclined1 orange-yellow1 rough1 generally shaded with dull crimson1 netted and patched with russet and thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 flesh white1 slightly coarse1 somewhat granular1 juicy1 melting1 with a refreshing vinous flavor2 good2 ,sept4 ,passa-tutti4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #dig4 #ahag4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahgf4 ,an ,italian autumn pear4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 much covered with yellowish-gray russet1 lighter yellow on the sunny side1 with some red blush2 flesh agreeable1 with a ,muscat flavor2 third2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,passans du ,portugal4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #d3cij4 #ahch4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbf4 #ahhd4 ,passans du ,portugal would seem from its name to be of ,portuguese origin4 ,it should not be confused with ,summer ,portugal although the two varieties have various synonyms in common and have some qualities in common4 ,fruit medium1 oblate1 flattened after the ,bergamot type1 lively green changing to pale yellow on ripening1 red next the sun brightening toward maturity to a more vivid shade2 flesh white1 breaking1 juicy1 with a fine sugary and perfumed flavor2 an excellent dessert pear2 ,aug4 ,passe-,colmar des ,belges4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ejb4 #ahfi4 ,origin unknown but was found growing under this name in the collection of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers early in the last century4 ,fruit above medium1 turbinate-obtuse and bossed1 yellow1 dotted and streaked with russet2 flesh white1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 wanting in juice and sugar1 sharp and acidulous2 third2 ,nov4 ,passe ,colmar d't4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahgf4 ,french4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 olive-green2 flesh very juicy2 good2 ,sept4 ,passe ,colmar ,musqu4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3de1 fig4 #aheg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbg4 #ahhd4 ,obtained by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 from a bed of mixed seeds he made about #ahca4 ,it yielded its first fruit and was published in #ahde4 ,passe ,colmar ,musqu is also known as ,autumn ,colmar but is distinct from the variety most usually known by that name4 ,fruit medium and sometimes less1 turbinate1 otherwise obtuse-conic1 rather variable in form2 skin thick1 tender1 green changing to golden-yellow1 dotted1 mottled and patched with pale cinnamon-russet and often washed on the side next the sun with a light transparent red2 flesh slightly yellowish1 very fine1 melting1 very saccharine1 richly flavored1 aromatic and scented2 first2 ,nov4 ,passe ,crassane4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #b3,no4 #hb1 ,pl4 #hb4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aib4 #aibj4 ,this winter pear was raised by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 a nurseryman at ,rouen1 ,fr41 from a bed of mixed seeds which he made in #ahde2 it bore fruit and was first published at ,rouen in #ahee4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 turbinate or globular-conic1 flattened in ,bergamot fashion2 skin rough1 thick1 of a dull pale green1 mottled with russet markings and passing to yellow on the side turned to the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 saccharine1 perfumed1 and agreeably sprightly2 very good2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,passe-,goemans4 #a4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aaa1 fig4 #aeb4 #ahgh4 ,goemans ,gelbe ,sommerbirne4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ia4 #ahef4 ,belgian1 and probably from ,van ,mons in #ahbe4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 ventriculous1 sides unequal1 very obtuse1 uniformly citron-yellow1 blushed with cinnamon on the sun-exposed side2 flesh very full of flavor2 first2 end of ,sept4 ,passe ,madeleine4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3aca4 #ahdc4 ,probably a ,french variety4 ,tree vigorous and very productive4 ,fruit medium1 long1 lemon-yellow1 lightly tinted with gray on the side next the sun2 flesh melting1 sugary1 rather perfumed2 beginning of ,sept4 ,passe-,tardive4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #ejf4 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hbi4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,major ,espren of ,mechlin1 ,bel41 and first published in #ahdc4 ,fruit above medium to large1 turbinate1 regular1 bossed and much swelled in all its lower part and greatly contracted at the summit2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 gritty around the core2 juice seldom abundant1 sugary1 agreeable1 though but slightly perfumed2 second or third for dessert1 first for the kitchen2 ,apr4 to ,june4 ,pastor4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3aig4 #aijh4 ,reported in the ,experimental orchard at ,agassiz1 ,br4 ,c41 in #aijj and at various ,canadian ,experiment ,farms in #aijb4 ,fruit medium1 oblate-pyriform1 yellow2 flesh melting1 sugary1 juicy1 perfumed flavor2 good2 late season4 ,pastorale1 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bca1 ,pl4 ,,lv4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbh4 #ahhd4 ,mayer1 director of the gardens of the ,grand ,duke of ,wurtzburg1 ,bavaria1 described this pear in his ,pomona franconica in #aggf and #ahja1 and ,duhamel du ,monceau wrote of it in #agfh4 ,earlier still ,le ,lectier spoke of its cultivation before #afbh under the name ,musette d',hiver rosate1 ,merlet called it ,pastorale in #afge1 and ,la ,quintinye named it ,pastourelle and ,musette d',autumne in #afhh4 ,fruit above medium1 pyriform1 slightly obtuse1 much puckered at the summit and generally larger on one side than on the other2 skin greenish1 nearly covered with gray-russet1 sprinkled with large brown dots1 vermilioned on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 more or less gritty around the core2 juice abundant1 rather sugary1 slightly acid2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,pater ,noster4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ecb4 #aheg4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3cc1 fig4 #aheh4 ,mentioned in the ,van ,mons catalog of fruits cultivated from #agih to #ahbc4 ,fruit above medium1 and often large1 variable in form1 oblong or long-turbinate1 slightly obtuse1 contorted and bossed1 clear olive-yellow2 flesh white1 fine1 melting or semi-melting1 watery2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 very vinous1 acidulous1 with an agreeable aroma2 first2 ,nov4 ,paul ,ambre4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcj4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahgf4 ,a ,belgian variety resembling ,nec ,plus ,meuris2 origin unknown4 ,fruit globular or globular-oval1 pale greenish-yellow1 shaded with crimson on the side next the sun1 dots and markings of russet2 flesh whitish1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,paul ,bonamy4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bae1 fig4 #ajf4 #ahff-gc4 ,m4 ,bonamy1 a nurseryman at ,toulouse1 ,fr41 obtained this pear and named it after his son4 ,it was first published in #ahfe4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 bossed2 skin fine1 thin1 oily and scented at maturity2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 a little fibrous when the fruit is too ripe1 melting or semi-melting1 streaming with sugary juice1 sprightly1 highly perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,paul ,coppieters4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel41 previous to #ahie4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform-turbinate1 yellow1 dotted and heavily marbled with reddish-yellow2 flesh white1 very fine1 free from granulations1 buttery1 saccharine and aromatic2 beginning of ,nov4 ,paul d',hoop4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahie4 ,sent out in #ahie as a new variety by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 covered with fawn-russet2 flesh fine1 yellowish-white1 buttery1 vinous1 saccharine1 having a delicious aroma2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,paul ,thielens4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eaj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcj4 #ahfi4 ,paul ,thielens came from a seed bed made by ,van ,mons in #ahbi in his nursery at ,louvain1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 very irregular1 bossed and swelled1 or ovate1 nearly globular2 skin a little rough1 transparent greenish-yellow1 dotted and marked with grayish-russet1 slightly blushed with dull red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 gritty at the center2 juice rarely abundant1 more or less saccharine1 slightly aromatic2 second2 ,oct4 ,pauls ,birne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 ,poire de ,paul4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ae1 fig4 #dhh4 #ahha4 ,fruit large or rather large1 globular-conic or conic-obtuse1 dull water-green1 usually entirely covered with a wash of cinnamon color which at maturity becomes golden1 and the side exposed to the sun is blushed with a garnet red on which are numerous small gray dots2 flesh white tinted with yellow1 rather fine1 breaking1 gritty about the core1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 slightly perfumed2 first for cooking2 winter1 lasting well toward the end4 ,payen4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eaa1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 a nurseryman at ,rouen1 ,fr41 from a mixed seed bed made in #ahde4 ,it was reported on in #ahfj and propagated in #ahfc4 ,it is distinct from both ,beurr ,payen and ,prsident ,payen4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 bright greenish-yellow1 mottled with fawn and covered with large and numerous brownish dots2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 first class2 ,oct4 ,payenche4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eab1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcj4 #ahfi4 ,paquency4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #djd4 #ahde4 ,found in a hedge at the village of ,payenche in ,prigord1 ,fr4 ,it was taken to ,paris in #ahje4 ,fruit nearly medium1 oblong-ovate-pyriform1 light yellow stained or marbled and dotted with gray-russet and colored with brick-red on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting or semi-melting1 some grit around the core2 juice extremely abundant1 very saccharine1 acidulous1 with a savory perfume and a slight after-taste of anis2 first2 ,oct4 ,payton4 ,according to letters from ,nicholas ,hallock1 ,queens1 ,n4 ,y41 this variety originated on the premises of a ,mr4 ,payton of ,flatbush1 ,l4 ,i41 and had been known locally as ,payton for some time previous to #ahih4 ,fruit obovate-obtuse-roundish1 about the size of ,doyenn ,boussock1 dull green becoming yellow1 thickly sprinkled with small brownish dots2 stem short1 stout1 set in a rather shallow1 russeted cavity2 calyx open1 placed in a shallow1 wide basin2 flesh not coarse1 not gritty1 not stringy1 white1 moderately juicy1 good but not highly flavored2 ,sept41 later than ,bartlett4 ,peach4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ecc4 #aheg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbi4 #ahhd4 ,pche4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eac1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a variety obtained by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 from a bed of mixed seeds he made in #ahcf1 and first reported in #ahde4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-obovate2 skin smooth1 pale greenish-yellow when ripe1 occasionally tinted with a faint blush of red on the side toward the sun1 dotted and mottled with brown2 flesh white1 citrine1 fine1 very melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 richly flavored and delicately perfumed2 first in ,france1 but variable according to climate2 ,aug4 ,pei-li4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cgf4 #ahha4 ,pei-li or ,snow pears3 ,a race of pears grown in northwestern ,china2 globular1 white1 juicy and generally regarded as the best fruits in the country4 ,pemberton4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hca4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,fruit medium1 inclining to oval1 light green1 thickly sprinkled with dark dots1 yellowish on the side of the sun1 with sometimes a red cheek2 flesh somewhat coarse1 but juicy1 sweet2 good2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,penderson4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hca4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,samuel ,penderson1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 greenish-yellow2 flesh white1 breaking1 semi-melting1 brisk1 rather astringent2 good2 ,oct4 ,pendleton ,early ,york4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3cha1 fig4 #da4 #ahdh4 ,york-prcoce de ,pendleton4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aad1 #cac4 #ahgf4 ,originated by ,mrs4 ,jeremiah ,york1 ,connecticut1 about #ahbf from seed of ,rousselet ,htif4 ,fruit medium or below1 obovate1 varying to obtuse-pyriform1 pale greenish-yellow1 with russet specks1 sometimes with a faint blush2 flesh white1 tender1 sweet1 melting1 slightly perfumed2 good2 last of ,july4 ,pengethley4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aig4 #ahcb4 ,raised by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,president of the ,london ,horticultural ,society1 who1 in ,february1 #ahcb1 sent cions of the variety to ,mr4 ,lowell and the ,massachusetts ,agricultural ,society4 ,fruit medium1 inclining to oval1 obovate1 pale green1 covered with dark dots1 changing to yellow as it ripens1 sometimes having a red cheek2 flesh somewhat coarse1 but juicy1 sweet1 and good2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,penn4 #a4 ,horticulturist #ah3eh1 fig4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hca4 #ahfi4 ,the original tree was planted at the beginning of the last century close to the old ,penn ,manor in ,pennsylvania and on the margin of land which became the track of the ,camden and ,amboy ,railroad4 ,inasmuch as its position was so close to the railway the company threatened to cut it down4 ,hence it acquired the name of ,railroad ,fuss by which it was known for many years4 ,fruit medium1 oblate1 sometimes globular-oblate1 angular1 pale lemon-yellow1 thickly sprinkled with small grayish and russet dots1 sometimes with a few patches and dots of russet around the calyx2 flesh white1 a little coarse1 very juicy1 melting1 with a sweet1 pleasant1 refreshing flavor1 slightly aromatic1 with a little musky perfume2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,pennsylvania4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3bac4 #ahdd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcb4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling found on the ground of ,j4 ,b4 ,smith of ,pennsylvania4 ,in #ahde the original tree was stated to be nearly forty feet high1 of a pyramidal form and remarkably robust habit4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 tapering toward the stem1 obtuse1 brown-russet on dull yellow ground1 ruddy on the sunny side2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 melting1 juicy1 rich1 sugary1 slightly perfumed and with a musky flavor2 good but not strictly first rate2 as an ,american fruit it may be ranked with ,buffum1 ,cushing and ,fulton2 ,oct4 ,pepin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eae1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fbi4 #ahhd4 ,this pear was growing in the orchard of ,le ,lectier in ,anjou1 ,fr41 in the year #afjj and was described by ,claude ,saint-tienne in #afgj4 ,fruit below medium and sometimes small1 globular1 bossed1 always mammillate at the summit1 meadow-green1 clouded with pale yellow1 dotted with gray and extensively washed with brick red on the side turned to the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine or semi-fine1 breaking1 watery2 at the center are numerous granulations2 juice very saccharine1 sweet and savory2 second2 mid-,aug4 ,perpetual4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcb4 #ahfi4 ,said to have originated on ,long ,island1 ,n4 ,y4 ,disseminated by ,messrs4 ,berckmans1 ,augusta1 ,ga4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 green and yellow1 beautifully blushed in the sun2 flesh whitish1 firm1 moderately juicy1 sweet2 good2 keeps till ,may4 ,perrier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,morel in #ahgc4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 green2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy2 good2 beginning of ,aug4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,pertusati4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eaf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised in the nurseries of ,m4 ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahfg4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 irregular1 having one side larger than the other2 skin rough1 golden-yellow1 finely dotted with gray1 marbled with clear brown around the calyx and the stem2 flesh white1 fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 very saccharine1 with an acidulous flavor1 very pleasant and delicately perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,petersbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cc4 #ahef4 ,petite ,poire de ,pierre4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3aja1 fig4 #bdc4 #ahgi4 ,kleine ,petersbirne4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdb4 #ahhi4 ,altenburg1 ,ger41 #agii4 ,fruit small1 clear green1 sprinkled with numerous minute blackish-green dots1 turning to dull yellow at maturity and washed over a large area of its surface with dark red1 on which the dots are of a darker red2 flesh greenish-white1 very fine1 semi-breaking1 sufficiently juicy and agreeably perfumed2 a good fruit to preserve or to dry2 ,aug4 ,petit-,blanquet4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3acb1 ,pl4 ,,vi4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eag1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,little ,blanquet4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjb4 #ahfi4 ,small ,blanquet4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdf4 #ahhd4 ,this variety was known in ,french gardens in the middle of the sixteenth century under the name ,poire ,perle1 and some years later also by that of ,petit-,blanquet4 ,fruit small or very small2 form rather inconstant1 slightly obtuse-pyriform1 or more obtuse-ovate2 skin smooth and transparent and shining1 clear pale yellow or of a white1 waxy and pearl-like tone1 sprinkled with greenish dots1 with occasionally a blush of tender rose on the side next the sun2 flesh very white1 semi-fine1 breaking and firm2 juice rarely abundant1 saccharine1 savory although only slightly perfumed2 a second class dessert pear2 ,aug4 ,petit ,catillac4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3c1 fig4 #ih4 #ahgh4 ,kleiner ,katzenkopf4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdb4 #ahhi4 ,this pear is probably of ,german origin4 ,it has points of resemblance in common with the old ,french ,catillac but is distinguished by its size1 being often less than that of the latter1 its time of maturity being earlier1 its flesh being less breaking1 more saccharine and without any tartness4 ,fruit large1 ovate-pyriform and much swelled1 even in contour1 green at first1 sprinkled with large1 regularly spaced1 prominent1 brown dots1 the green passing to lemon-yellow at maturity1 with a blush of red-brown on well-exposed fruits on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 coarse1 semi-buttery2 juice abundant1 rather vinous and without any appreciable perfume2 good for the kitchen2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,petit-,chaumontel4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eai1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,from the old garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers1 ,fr41 and sometimes erroneously confused with ,oignon which ripens some six weeks earlier4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 very bossed and irregular in form1 clear green1 dotted1 veined with russet and extensively washed with carmine on the side turned to the sun2 flesh very white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 gritty at center2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 vinous1 slightly astringent2 second2 latter half of ,aug4 ,petit-,htiveau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ebj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a variety of ancient and unknown origin1 but cultivated among a group of pears termed ,htiveau for over the last five centuries4 ,it was called by the name ,petit-,htiveau by ,claude ,saint-tienne in #afgj to distinguish it from the ,gros-,htiveau4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 obtuse and more or less globular2 skin smooth and fine1 lemon-yellow1 dotted with exceedingly minute greenish points and more or less stained with gray-russet around the calyx and stem2 flesh whitish1 breaking1 semi-fine1 scented1 juicy and gritty1 juice sugary1 acid1 and slightly musky2 third2 ,july4 ,petit-,muscat4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #a3ge1 ,tab4 #a4 #agga4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ebb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,little ,muscat4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjb4 #ahfi4 ,jean ,mayer1 director of the gardens of the ,grand ,duke of ,wurtzburg1 ,bavaria1 in his ,pomona franconica published in #ahja showed that the ,petit-,muscat was the antique pear ,superba described by ,pliny4 ,various other pomologists wrote of it prior to ,mayer as for instance ,jacq4 ,dalchamp1 #afae2 ,jean ,jonston1 #affb2 and ,henri ,manger1 #aghc4 ,charles ,estienne was the first to write of it in ,france1 #aecj1 and he named it ,musquette4 ,fruit very small1 turbinate1 more or less obtuse and sometimes globular-turbinate2 the eye is placed in a regular-formed cavity and is always naked in consequence of the segments of the calyx falling off1 pale greenish-yellow1 finely dotted and slightly clouded with rose on the side of the sun 7in ,france72 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 breaking1 not very juicy1 sugary1 acidulous and with a pleasant musk flavor2 second2 ,june4 ,petit-,oin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ebd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,winterwunder4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #dig4 #ahag4 ,mskirte ,schmeerbirne4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ac4 #ahef4 ,merveille d',hiver4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #faf4 #ahhd4 ,valerius ,cordus was the first to describe this pear which originated in ,germany and belongs to the ,schmeerbirne or greasy class4 ,about #afej it was cultivated in ,france under the name of ,oing or ,oin1 the ,french equivalent of the ,german speck or lard4 ,fruit medium or less1 globular-ovate or turbinate1 slightly obtuse at summit1 with thick but smooth and greasy skin1 dull yellow-green1 more or less gray1 dotted and flecked with greenish-russet2 flesh whitish1 granular1 scented1 exceedingly melting and juicy1 very saccharine1 free from acid and having an exquisite flavor2 third2 ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,petite ,charlotte4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 ,french4 ,fruit small1 pyramidal1 greenish-yellow1 highly colored on the side of the sun2 flesh breaking1 juicy1 vinous2 excellent2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,petite ,fondante4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3aec1 fig4 #dfa4 #ahhj4 ,kleine ,schmalzbirne4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bdb4 #ahhi4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit small1 nearly spherical1 sometimes depressed at both poles1 even in contour2 skin rather thick and yet tender1 pale water-green1 sown with numerous very faint1 very small1 brown dots2 at maturity the basic green whitens a little and the side next the sun of fruits well exposed becomes a lighter yellow2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 rather gritty around the core1 highly saccharine1 vinous and sprightly2 good2 end of ,aug4 ,petite ,marguerite4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ebf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aib4 #aibj4 ,raised in the nurseries of ,m4 ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahfb and propagated in #ahfc4 ,fruit medium1 irregular ovate1 bossed1 swelled at the base and having one side always larger than the other1 grass-green1 dotted with gray and brown and slightly bronzed on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 fine and very melting1 slightly gritty at the center2 juice extremely abundant and saccharine1 acidulous1 with a very pleasant perfume2 first2 ,aug4 ,petite ,tournaisienne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,a variety on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz4 ,fruit medium1 oval1 oblong1 yellow2 flesh very fine1 semi-melting2 ,apr4 and ,may4 ,petite ,victorine4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ebh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,m4 ,andr ,leroy raised in #ahfc4 ,fruit below medium1 globular1 flattened at the base but slightly conic at its other extremity1 greenish1 dotted and marbled with russet2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 generally free from grit2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 acidulous1 with a specially exquisite1 musky flavor2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,petre4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #b3dcg4 #ahcf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #c3hc4 #ahch4 ,this valuable variety was raised by ,john ,bartram1 the proprietor of a botanic garden near ,philadelphia1 from seed received in a letter from ,lord ,petre of ,england about the year #agce4 ,the tree still stands1 although becoming decrepit4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 truncate at both ends2 skin thin1 greenish-yellow1 with small pale spots2 flesh white1 soft1 juicy and buttery1 with a delicious flavor1 very slightly musky and vinous2 very good2 mid-,sept4 to ,dec4 ,pfaffenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aic4 #ahef4 ,wrttemberg and ,baden1 ,ger41 #ahdg4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 yellow1 tinted with a dark cinnamon-colored blush on the side next the sun2 the summit is covered with russet1 thickly sprinkled with gray dots2 flesh firm and tasteless4 ,pfingstbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3if4 #ahef4 ,german seedling1 #ahea4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 green turning yellowish-green1 speckled and dotted with gray2 skin thin and scentless2 flesh rather white1 sweet and musky2 first for table1 household and market2 early summer4 ,philiberte4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,french4 ,fruit rather large1 nearly globular1 a beautiful lemon-yellow2 flesh very fine1 melting1 very juicy1 agreeably perfumed2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,philippe-,le-,bon4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3afa1 fig4 #ha4 #ahgb4 ,philipp der ,gute4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3d4 #ahef4 ,according to the catalog of ,van ,mons of #ahbc this was one of his seedlings4 ,fruit hardly medium1 ovate1 or turbinate-ovate1 short and thick1 usually even in outline2 skin thick1 firm1 glossy1 pale green1 whitish-brown dots2 at maturity the basic green passes to pale dull yellow1 washed with some clear cerise-red2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 buttery1 not much juice1 but vinous and perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,philippe ,couvreur4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bfd4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #gb4 #ahie4 ,of ,belgian origin4 ,fruit medium to large1 orange-yellow dotted with russet2 flesh white1 tinted with salmon1 fine1 juicy1 perfumed2 good2 beginning of ,oct4 ,philippe ,goes4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3ea1 fig4 #ahee4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcc4 #ahfi4 ,a posthumous gain from the seed beds of ,van ,mons4 ,the parent tree gave its first fruit in #ahdf4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate1 uneven and undulating in outline2 skin rough to the touch1 of a dark olive1 much covered with a bright russet2 flesh semi-melting1 gritty1 sweet1 rather granular at the center1 juice rarely abundant1 saccharine1 vinous and fairly well perfumed2 second2 ,dec4 ,philippot4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ecj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated with ,m4 ,philippot1 a nurseryman at ,saint-,quentin1 ,aisne1 ,fr4 ,in #aheb it fruited for the first time and was propagated in #ahfj4 ,fruit large to very large1 globular-conic1 obtuse1 swelled and fleshy at the base2 skin yellowish1 in part dotted and marbled with brownish-fawn2 flesh very white1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 watery2 juice abundant1 sweet1 having little sugar or perfume although rather delicate2 third for dessert1 first for cooking2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,philopena4 #a4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bd4 #aijd4 ,a chance variety brought to notice by ,reuben ,ragan of ,indiana1 about #ahej and named ,philopena by him4 ,fruit small to medium1 oblong-pyriform1 yellow1 with purple blush2 calyx open1 in a small1 shallow basin2 stem short1 cavity small or absent2 quality medium2 three or four weeks after ,bartlett4 ,picciola4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcc4 #ahfi4 ,of ,belgian origin4 ,fruit small1 globular-oblate1 greenish-yellow1 sometimes slightly blushed in the sun1 with traces of russet2 flesh whitish1 very juicy1 melting1 with a vinous flavor2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,pie ,,ix4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3hf4 #ahed4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eca1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,pius ,,ix4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fca4 #ahhd4 ,the parent tree of ,pie ,,ix sprang from seed sown in #ahcd by ,van ,mons in his nurseries at ,louvain1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 more or less obtuse and elongated1 much swelled at the middle1 bossed and contorted at its summit1 lemon-yellow1 dotted and striped with fawn2 flesh white1 coarse or semi-fine1 juicy and melting1 rather gritty at the center1 saccharine1 sour1 fairly well perfumed1 sometimes disagreeably astringent2 second2 ,sept4 ,pierre ,corneille4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahie4 ,pierre ,corneille was obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 from a seedling of ,beurr ,diel crossed with ,doyenn du ,comice2 introduced about #ahid4 ,the fruit has the appearance of ,duchesse d',angoulme4 ,tree vigorous1 fertile and pyramidal in form4 ,fruit large globular-obovate1 greenish-yellow2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 deliciously perfumed2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,pierre ,curie4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #agd4 #aijg4 ,this is a seedling from ,doyenn d',alenon crossed with ,beurr ,henri ,courcelle by ,m4 ,arsne ,sannier1 a nurseryman at ,saint-,sever-,rouen1 ,fr41 and placed on the market in #aijg4 ,fruit medium1 oval1 of the form of the ,doyenn d',alenon2 skin gray2 flesh extremely fine1 with a very agreeable perfume2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,pierre ,mac4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 ,french1 attributed to ,andr ,leroy4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit rather large1 globular-turbinate1 yellow dotted with fawn2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 highly perfumed2 first2 second half of ,sept4 and early ,oct4 ,pierre ,paternotte4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fj4 #ahie4 ,raised from seed of the ,marie-,louise by ,pierre ,paternotte1 at ,molenbeck-,saint-,jean1 near ,brussels1 ,bel4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit large1 long1 yellow1 dotted and marbled with gray2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,pierre ,ppin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ecb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling raised by ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 and first reported in #ahfh4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 bossed1 and swelled in its lower half1 more or less hollowed at either end1 lemon-yellow1 slightly clouded with green and much speckled and spotted with brown2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 some grit around the core2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 vinous1 and agreeably perfumed2 first2 mid-,sept4 ,pierre ,tourasse4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #edb4 #ahid4 ,exhibited in ,france by ,m4 ,tourasse1 its originator1 in #ahid4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 stocky1 productive4 ,fruit of good size1 broadly turbinate1 spotted with brilliant fawn color upon a clear yellow ground1 washed with orange and saffron2 flesh fine1 melting1 very juicy1 rich in sugar2 last of ,sept4 and first of ,oct4 ,pimpe4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,the ,pimpe peare is as great as the ,windsor peare1 but rounder1 and of a very good rellish4 ,pinneo4 #a4 ,cultivator #cjd4 #ahde4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcc4 #ahfi4 ,hebron4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bd3dai4 #aheh4 ,boston4 #d4 ,ibid4 #ejj4 #aheh4 ,the parent tree of this variety was found growing in a woodland1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 by ,dea4 ,pinneo who transplanted it to a spot near his dwelling about the year #agde4 ,it was propagated and distributed over many farms and found a good market in ,boston4 ,by error it acquired also the names of ,boston and ,virgalieu4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular-oblate1 slightly pyriform1 pale yellow1 netted1 patched1 and dotted with russet1 slightly blushed on the sunny side2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 rich1 sugary1 brisk1 with a refreshing and delicious aroma2 good2 ,aug4 ,piton4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ecc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling found by ,m4 ,piton who lived at ,cholet1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr4 ,the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers described it in its ,pomology1 and it was named after its propagator4 ,fruit large to very large1 long-turbinate-obtuse1 depressed at each pole1 clear dull green1 sown with large russet dots2 flesh white1 semi-breaking and semi-fine1 watery1 containing some grit below the core2 juice rather vinous1 sugary1 and more or less perfumed2 second for dessert1 first for compotes4 ,pitson4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bg3ad4 #ahhe4 ,a handsome pear from ,stone and ,wellington1 ,fonthill1 ,ont4 ,fruit medium1 regularly pyriform1 brown inclining to russet2 good2 ,jan4 ,pius ,x4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #cg3cji4 #aije4 ,described in #aije as a new pear raised by the ,alexiens ,brothers at ,tirlemont1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 somewhat cylindric1 greenish-olive1 with a few brown spots2 flesh creamy-white1 perfumed2 reported to be of first rate quality2 ,oct4 ,plantagenet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ecd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcd4 #ahfi4 ,the ,plantagenet was raised from seed by the old ,horticultural ,society of ,maine-et-,loire1 ,the parent tree gave its first fruit in #aheh in the ,society's garden at ,angers4 ,fruit above medium1 irregular-ovate1 bossed1 swelled at the central circumference1 of a uniform bright green1 some russet around the calyx and sprinkled with numerous dark brown dots2 flesh whitish1 fine or semi-fine1 extremely melting2 juice very abundant1 extremely saccharine1 acidulous1 possessing a delicious perfume which gives an after-taste of musk2 first2 end of ,sept4 and early ,oct4 ,plascart4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3cg1 fig4 #aae4 #ahgh4 ,sent out by the ,society ,van ,mons1 ,bel41 without any account of its origin4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate-ovate1 even in outline2 skin firm1 pale water-green1 covered with numerous large1 brown dots1 very prominent1 the green changing at maturity to a beautiful golden yellow1 washed on the side next the sun with a lively vermilion on which the dots are golden yellow2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 rather firm and breaking2 juice rich in sugar and perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,platt4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ece4 #aheg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #hcd4 #ahfi4 ,originated on the farm of ,thomas ,tredwell1 ,beekmantown1 ,clinton ,county1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 pale yellow1 netted and patched with russet and sprinkled with russet dots2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 buttery1 semi-melting1 agreeable2 good2 ,oct4 ,platte ,honigbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahi4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 #ahja4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-turbinate1 light yellow-green1 with a pale blush1 numerous gray dots1 marked with russet2 flesh coarse-grained1 aromatic2 third for dessert1 first for household2 ,sept4 ,pocahontas4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3ebe4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcd4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,quincy1 ,mass41 and was exhibited before the ,horticultural ,society of that ,state in ,october1 #ahdg4 ,fruit below medium1 obovate-pyriform1 yellow1 netted1 patched1 and dotted with russet1 sometimes shaded in the sun with bright crimson2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly musky2 pleasant2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,pckelbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aib1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown in ,lower ,austria4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-turbinate2 skin tough1 shining1 smooth1 green changing to greenish-yellow1 blushed and streaked with red on the sunny side1 dotted with yellow-brown2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse-grained1 juicy1 subacid2 good2 ,nov4 ,pote ,branger4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ecf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,leroy which first fruited in #ahfg and was placed in commerce in #ahgj4 ,fruit medium2 form rather inconstant1 nearly always having unequal sides1 globular1 or obtuse-turbinate2 skin fine1 rough1 bright yellow shaded with green1 dotted with gray and almost entirely washed and mottled with brown-russet1 more or less scaly2 flesh greenish-white especially under the skin1 fine1 extremely melting1 free from grit2 juice very abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 vinous1 with a delicate perfume2 first2 mid-,sept4 ,poire d',abbeville4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ha4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ii1 fig4 #cch4 #ahhj4 ,the ,poire d',abbeville probably originated at the city of that name in the ,department of the ,somme1 ,fr42 for ,m4 ,jamin1 ,senior1 propagated it about #ahcg when he received it from ,m4 ,bennet of ,boulogne-sur-,mer1 who stated it was very well known and esteemed in the neighborhood of ,abbeville4 ,fruit large1 globular-conic but irregular1 water-green sprinkled with numerous and large dots of fawn2 at maturity the green changes to lemon-yellow2 flesh white tinted with yellow1 coarse1 breaking1 slightly gritty at the core1 not very juicy or perfumed2 first for culinary purposes1 keeps easily for a long period2 winter4 ,poire d',ange de ,meiningen4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3aje1 fig4 #cda4 #ahhj4 ,this pear has been in much request in the neighborhood of ,meiningen1 ,ger41 for many years and should be distinguished from the ancient ,poire d',ange1 now called ,boutoc1 which it does not resemble4 ,fruit small1 ovate or ovate-pyriform1 even in contour2 skin fine1 delicate1 bright green changing to beautiful bright lemon-yellow1 the side next the sun being blushed and streaked with vermilion2 the very numerous brown dots change on the blushed part to yellow2 flesh tinted with yellow1 rather fine1 semi-breaking2 juice sweet and agreeably perfumed but rather deficient2 second2 latter half of ,aug4 ,poire d',avril4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ecf4 #aheg4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #dhh4 #ahhd4 ,stated by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 to have been received by them from ,england under this name4 ,fruit large1 pyramidal1 obtuse2 skin smooth and shining1 of a lively dark green1 with a brown tinge next the sun1 and patches of gray-russet on the shaded side1 the whole surface being covered with very large pale-colored specks2 flesh crisp1 juicy and sweet2 first class for cooking according to ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis2 ,mar4 and ,apr4 ,poire ,brune de ,gasselin4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3,no4 #afe1 ,pl4 #afe4 #ahfg4 ,gained by ,m4 ,durand-,gasselin1 architect at ,nantes1 ,fr41 from a seed bed made in #ahde4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyramidal1 yellow washed with fawn-russet2 flesh very tender1 juicy1 very sugary and perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,poire de ,casserole4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hi4 #ahgf4 ,casserule4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gae4 #ahfi4 ,of foreign origin1 probably ,french4 ,fruit large1 obovate-pyriform1 yellow1 with much russet and brown on cheek2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 granular1 breaking1 very juicy1 rich1 with high aroma2 first quality for cooking2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,poire des ,chartriers4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3acc1 fig4 #dea4 #ahhj4 ,this variety is mentioned by ,van ,mons in his ,catalog and is therein considered to be of ,belgian origin4 ,fruit medium1 globular-pyriform1 irregular and bossed2 skin a little thick at first1 water-green1 rather dark1 sprinkled with very small and numerous dots of gray-brown1 the basic green becoming brilliant lemon-yellow and on maturity covered on the side next the sun with golden russet2 flesh yellow1 very fine1 firm1 buttery1 melting1 full of saccharine juice1 vinous1 perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,poire des ,chasseurs4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3ca1 fig4 #aheg4 ,des ,chasseurs4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gce4 #ahfi4 ,a posthumous gain of ,van ,mons tasted for the first time in #ahdb and reported on by ,m4 ,simon ,bouvier of ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium to large1 ovate-pyriform1 greenish1 dotted with russet1 and much stained with russet on the sun-exposed side2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 watery1 melting1 granular2 juice vinous1 agreeably perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,poire de ,coq4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3fjj1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,this variety is distinct from the ,poire de ,coq synonymous with the ,beurr de ,bruxelles1 and is of unknown origin4 ,it was cultivated for many years in the old gardens of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers4 ,fruit large1 long-turbinate1 bossed1 strongly mammillate at apex1 citron-yellow1 dotted and stained with dark gray1 and washed with bright carmine on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine and melting2 juice sweet with slight perfume but delicate flavor2 second2 ,sept4 ,poire de ,graisse4 #a4 ,knoop ,pomologie #a3aaa1 ,tab4 ,,iv4 #agga4 ,probably of ,belgian or ,french origin4 ,in ,holland it is known as the ,smeer-,peer4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 terminating acutely toward the stalk1 greenish and speckled with blackish-brown2 flesh rather gritty1 soft1 with a slightly spicy flavor2 not of much value4 ,poire de gros queue4 #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #c4 #ahjg4 ,fruit large1 taking its name from its very thick stalk1 globular1 yellow1 flesh breaking2 wanting in juice1 having a very musky flavor4 ,poire de ,hert4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #a3ade1 fig4 #ga4 #ahff-gc4 ,mas states he received this variety from ,thomas ,rivers1 the well known ,english nurseryman of ,sawbridgeworth near ,london1 ,eng4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 ovate-pyriform1 symmetrical in contour2 skin thick1 firm1 very pale green all over1 sprinkled with dots of gray1 changing when ripe to lemon-yellow2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting2 juice sufficient1 flavor refreshing1 agreeable2 good1 of real merit for the season2 end of winter and spring4 ,poire de ,houblon4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aja1 fig4 #ea4 #ahgb4 ,origin unknown1 but cultivated for a long time in many localities in ,germany4 ,fruit small1 ovate or globular-ovate1 swelled1 usually regular in contour1 bright green1 sown with grayish dots1 passing to golden yellow on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 a little yellow near the center1 coarse1 semi-breaking1 fairly full of sweet juice1 with a fresh perfume of rose2 second rate for eating raw but an excellent variety to dry2 end of ,aug4 ,poire de ,klevenow4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3aba1 fig4 #ei4 #ahff-gc4 ,originated in the environs of ,klevenow1 a village of ,pomerania1 ,prussia4 ,fruit small or nearly medium1 regular pyriform1 sombre green and yellow blushed with carmine2 flesh white1 slightly greenish1 fine1 buttery2 juice very sugary and abundant1 vinous1 perfumed2 good2 mid-,aug4 ,poire ,noire ,longue ,queue4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3afe1 fig4 #efc4 #ahha4 ,origin thought to be ,german4 ,fruit nearly medium1 ovate-pyriform1 symmetrical in outline2 skin thick1 firm1 dull green covered with a network of gray-russet1 through which a light yellow shows at maturity2 on the shaded side are some gray dots and on the sun-exposed side are numerous large black-red spots2 flesh white1 transparent1 semi-fine1 buttery2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 slightly acid2 good for cooking2 ,aug4 ,poire du ,pauvre4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #afc4 #ahhi4 ,this pear was raised from seed of the ,urbaniste sown in #ahdf4 ,fruit medium or large1 oval1 pyriform1 ventriculous2 skin fine and shining1 white tinted with green1 much covered with fawn around the two ends2 flesh white1 rather fine1 a little gritty around the center1 very melting2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 and pleasantly perfumed1 with a fresh flavor and agreeable astringency2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,poire des ,peintres4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,described by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf as a new variety4 ,tree vigorous and very fertile4 ,fruit rather large1 oval-pyriform1 dark yellow1 extensively washed with lively red2 flesh melting1 juicy1 saccharine and highly perfumed2 end of ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,poire de ,pendant4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3hd4 #ahca4 ,it is from the long stem by which this pear is suspended1 which is near two inches in length1 that it obtains its title4 ,the ,pendar of ,la ,quintinye1 and the ,hanging pear of ,evelyn1 although quoted as synonyms of this pear1 are probably not the same as they are said to ripen in ,october4 ,it is also very doubtful whether the synonyms of ,pendar and ,knaves' pear given by ,miller and ,forsyth apply to this fruit4 ,fruit1 ,the entire height of the fruit is twenty-eight lines1 and its breadth two inches1 and sometimes a line more2 turbinate2 skin is ash-colored1 approaching russet1 and dotted over with small points of russet2 flesh greenish-white1 melting1 sweet1 and partially perfumed2 end of ,sept4 ,poire de ,preuilly4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,published in the ,french ,revue ,horticole1 #ahgj4 ,tree vigorous and very fertile4 ,this is a very large fruit used for decorative purposes4 ,in form it is similar to the ,bartlett2 skin yellow-green1 speckled2 flesh breaking4 ,poire de ,rateau4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ecb4 #ahfj4 ,tree very vigorous when grafted on pear4 ,fruit very large1 turbinate1 greenish-white1 reddish and sown with russet dots on the side next the sun2 flesh breaking1 slightly saccharine and perfumed2 eatable raw1 and good for cooking2 mid-,dec4 ,poire ,rigoleau4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3acf4 #ahed4 ,introduced in #ahed as a new variety4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit small1 nearly globular2 skin thick1 greenish-yellow1 covered with russet specks1 little russet at either stem and calyx2 flesh white1 tender1 juicy1 of a very pleasant flavor2 first part of ,nov4 ,poire du ,roeulx4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahgf4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf2 it was published in the ,revue de l',arboriculture in ,france4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 short1 irregular1 yellow clouded with fawn2 flesh yellowish1 very melting1 exceedingly juicy1 very saccharine and with a very exquisite perfume2 first2 latter half of ,sept4 ,poire ,souvenir d',hortols ,pre4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3,no4 #agc1 ,pl4 #agc4 #ahfe4 ,a variety unpublished previous to #ahfe but cultivated in ,france1 where it had already existed for more than sixty years4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 usually growing in clusters strongly attached to the tree1 green1 dotted1 passing to yellow and washed with dark brilliant red on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 firm1 melting1 slightly gritty2 juice abundant1 with a strong perfume of ,muscatel2 good2 ,july4 ,poire ,thouin4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3agg1 fig4 #dgc4 #ahhj4 ,according to ,diel1 ,poire ,thouin was obtained by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 more or less short1 usually symmetrical in contour1 largest circumference at center2 skin a little thick and firm1 bright green1 sprinkled with numerous inconspicuous spots of a darker shade1 changing to pale yellow1 and washed with orange-red on the side next the sun of well-exposed fruits2 flesh white1 coarse1 breaking1 full of saccharine juice1 perfumed2 third1 for the season of its maturity2 early ,sept4 ,poire de ,torpes4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajg4 #ahgf4 ,tree hardy1 very productive4 ,fruit rather large1 globular1 yellow stained with russet2 flesh fine1 melting2 good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,poire des ,trois ,frres4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ga1 #cjh4 #ahgf4 ,a wilding found near ,maizieres-les-,metz1 ,fr4 ,it was propagated by ,messrs4 ,maline and placed in commerce in #ahfc4 ,tree vigorous1 very fertile1 and suitable especially for wind-blown situations4 ,fruit medium1 long1 green2 flesh whitish1 buttery1 sugary and perfumed2 first2 end of ,aug4 ,poire des ,trois ,jours4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #adi4 #ahda4 ,trois ,jours4 #b4 ,cultivator1 #cdj4 #ahdg4 ,kenrick says3 ,new and large2 beurre2 of first-rate excellence1 ripening at ,paris in ,november1 according to ,m4 ,jamin4 ,poire de ,vitrier4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aci1 ,pl4 ,,xliv1 fig4 #d4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gdf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this is probably a variety of ,german origin1 for ,valerius ,cordus1 who was a native of ,hesse and died in #aedd1 spoke of it as abounding in ,saxony1 in the suburbs of ,eisleben1 and very common in all ,germany4 ,duhamel du ,monceau described it in ,france in #agfh4 ,fruit medium1 rather regular-ovate1 wrinkled and mammillate at the summit1 dull yellow1 much clouded over with gray-russet1 dotted with light brown1 and vermilioned on the side toward the sun2 flesh whitish1 watery1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 gritty around the center2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 vinous1 slightly musky2 second2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,poire du ,voyageur4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajg1 #caa4 #ahgf4 ,originated by ,m4 ,boisbunel of ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellowish-green2 flesh juicy1 granular around the core2 third2 summer4 ,poirier de ,jardin4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3adc1 ,pl4 ,,xix1 fig4 #c4 #agfh4 ,garden ,pear4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ggj4 #ahfi4 ,origin unknown2 probably ,french4 ,fruit large1 globular-oblate1 orange-shaped1 surface a little bossed1 on the side of the sun a beautiful deep red1 spotted with golden-yellow1 the shaded side being streaked and rayed with bright red on yellow2 flesh semi-breaking1 a little coarse and somewhat gritty around the core2 juice sugary and of a very good flavor2 good2 ,dec4 ,poiteau4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ecg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,van ,mons1 and first fruited at ,louvain1 ,bel41 in #ahbc4 ,fruit above medium1 long-ovate1 variable in form1 sometimes being short-ovate and ventriculous1 orange-yellow1 dotted with brown1 stained with greenish-russet around the calyx and stem1 and mottled with the same on the cheek next the sun2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 melting1 gritty1 full of saccharine juice1 sometimes astringent1 without pronounced perfume2 second2 ,oct4 ,polish ,lemon4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahhg4 ,known as ,cytrymova in ,poland4 ,it was received in #ahhb by the ,iowa ,state ,agricultural ,college1 and was subsequently propagated and distributed by the ,college4 ,polk4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aa3beb4 #ahde4 ,a seedling raised by ,h4 ,w4 ,edwards1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 at one time ,governor of that state4 ,it came into bearing in #ahdd4 ,fruit larger than the ,seckel1 like ,bergamot in form2 flesh juicy1 melting1 subacid1 sweet and rich2 first2 ,sept to ,nov4 ,pollan4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcd4 #ahfi4 ,a ,pennsylvania pear4 ,fruit below medium1 nearly globular1 greenish-yellow1 with a shade of brown in the sun2 flesh whitish1 a little coarse1 moderately juicy1 vinous1 pleasant2 good2 ,aug4 ,pollvaskaja4 #a4 ,iowa ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahhj4 ,a ,russian variety growing on the ,iowa ,state ,college ,farm in #ahhj1 and having thorny wood2 it unites very imperfectly with the apple4 ,it shows marked traces of the ,chinese forms of the pear in shape1 serration1 thickness and size of leaf1 and in the peculiar enlarged character of the scaly terminal buds4 ,polnische grne ,krautbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aee4 #ahef4 ,galicia1 #ahai4 ,fruit small1 globular-flattened1 distorted1 grass-green changing to yellowish grass-green and often with a dark blush and brown-russet on the side next the sun2 scentless skin2 flesh coarse-grained1 melting1 vinous1 very juicy1 acidulous2 second for dessert1 first for household2 mid-,sept4 ,polnische ,seidenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ade4 #ahef4 ,galicia1 #ahab4 ,fruit medium to large1 regular in form1 light lemon-yellow1 often rather blushed1 sprinkled with numerous small1 prominent1 light brown and often greenish dots2 flesh breaking1 and coarse-grained1 sweet1 ,muscatel in flavor2 third for dessert1 very good for household purposes2 ,sept4 ,pomeranzenbirn von ,zabergu4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ij1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear found in ,germany and ,upper ,austria4 ,fruit large1 globular-turbinate2 skin smooth1 shining1 of a light leaf-green changing when ripe to light greenish-yellow1 finely dotted1 without russet2 flesh yellow-white1 rather coarse-grained1 with small grits around the center1 very juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 having a strong scent2 ,oct4 ,pomme d't4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eci1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the origin of the ,pomme d't is uncertain1 except that ,m4 ,leroy of ,angers received it from the old garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers about #ahdi4 ,fruit medium and below1 globular1 much flattened and similar to the form of ,caillot rosat and ,naquette1 yellow-ochre1 entirely covered with gray dots2 flesh white1 fine and breaking1 watery1 rather granular around the core2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 sweet and very musky2 second2 end of ,sept4 ,pope ,quaker4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcd4 #ahfi4 ,origin1 ,long ,island1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit very fair1 medium-size1 oblong-pyriform1 smooth1 yellows-russet2 flesh melting1 juicy and pleasant2 hardly good2 ,oct4 ,pope ,scarlet ,major4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #c3ae4 #ahcg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcd4 #ahfi4 ,origin1 ,long ,island1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit nearly large1 obovate1 yellow1 blushed on exposed side with bright red2 flesh white1 breaking1 rather dry2 very indifferent2 ,oct4 ,portail4 #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #c4 #ahjg4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #ejc4 #ahag4 ,origin unknown beyond the fact that it was discovered in the old province of ,poitou1 ,fr41 and was held in high esteem there4 ,fruit longer than it is round1 greenish2 flesh yellowish1 dry1 gritty and hard unless in very favorable seasons and upon very good soil1 but may at times be tender and have an unforgetable musky aroma2 it bakes well2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,porter4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass4 ,no4 #af4 ,fruited in #ahfb ,diameter #b-a_/b inches1 melting1 sweet and juicy2 ripens soundly2 good market pear2 ,oct4 ,portingall4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,the ,portingall peare is a great peare1 but more goodly in shew then good indeed4 ,posey4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahig4 ,found in a fence row on the farm of ,jacob ,grabel1 where it originated about #ahhj4 ,it was reported by ,a4 ,r4 ,ryman1 ,cedar ,grove1 ,ind4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 moderately smooth1 lemon-yellow1 with small brown spots2 flesh whitish1 buttery1 mild subacid2 good to very good2 ,sept4 to ,dec4 ,prager ,schaferbirne4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst4 ,sort4 #cba4 #ahha4 ,germany4 ,fruit medium 7#c-a_/b x #b-a_/b in471 ovate and pyriform1 smooth1 greenish turning to lemon-yellow blushed on the sunny side1 very finely dotted2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 agreeably aromatic and sweet2 first for kitchen and household purposes2 ,oct4 to end of ,jan4 ,prairie du ,pond4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hce4 #ahfi4 ,introduced by ,a4 ,h4 ,ernst1 ,cincinnati1 ,ohio4 ,fruit small1 nearly globular1 greenish-yellow1 with many brown and green dots2 flesh whitish1 moderately juicy1 semi-melting1 vinous1 astringent2 poor2 ,sept4 ,pratt4 #a4 ,horticulturist #a3baj1 fig4 #eh4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3edb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the ,pratt pear was first brought into notice by ,owen ,mason1 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i41 who obtained cions from the original tree at ,scituate1 ,r4 ,i41 and distributed them in the spring of #ahdd4 ,it appears to have originated at ,johnson1 ,r4 ,i4 ,fruit above medium1 obovate1 greenish-yellow1 sprinkled with numerous gray dots and russet spots2 flesh white1 tender1 melting1 fine-grained1 abounding with saccharine1 well-flavored juice2 second2 ,sept4 ,pratt ,junior4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aea4 #ahfb4 ,another native which originated on the same farm as the preceding variety and named by the ,rhode ,island ,society in order to designate its origin2 in appearance similar to ,winter ,nelis4 ,pratt ,seedling4 #a4 ,chico ,nurs4 ,cat4 #ac4 #aijd4 ,originated in ,salem1 ,oregon1 with ,captain ,pratt4 ,shape and color of ,sheldon2 keeps until ,mar4 ,precilly4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hce4 #ahfi4 ,belgian4 ,fruit medium to large1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 netted and patched with russet and sprinkled with brown dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 breaking1 juicy2 good for cooking2 ,oct4 ,prcoce de ,celles4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,described by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf as a new variety received from ,belgium4 ,fruit medium1 like ,bergamot in form2 very good in quality for its season2 early summer4 ,prcoce de ,jodoigne4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3aja1 fig4 #cci4 #ahhj4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,brabant1 ,bel41 and first published in #ahfe4 ,fruit rather small or nearly medium1 ovate-pyriform1 regular in contour1 vivid green covered with a sort of whitish bloom and sprinkled with green dots of a darker shade1 changing to yellow and occasionally tinged with red on the side of the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 buttery1 melting1 full of sweet juice1 saccharine but not highly flavored2 fairly good quality2 ,july4 ,prcoce de ,tivoli4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 pale yellow1 flesh white1 gritty1 semi-breaking1 saccharine2 good2 ,aug4 ,prcoce de ,trvoux4 #a4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cbh4 #aijf4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,treyve1 ,trvoux1 ,ain1 ,fr41 and first published in #ahfb4 ,fruit full medium size1 pyriform-truncate1 fine and tender skin of a vivid yellow1 very finely dotted with green and washed and streaked with carmine on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary and richly flavored1 agreeable perfume2 good to very good2 beginning of ,aug4 ,prcoce ,trottier4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ceb4 #aiab4 ,a ,french pear described by ,m4 de la ,bastie in the ,journal of the ,pomological ,society of ,france in #ahij4 ,fruit medium or a little above medium1 turbinate-ventriculous2 at first the skin is a very bright green changing to pale yellow with some green markings1 and blushed with somber red on the side next the sun1 dotted with brown2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 nearly melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 agreeably perfumed2 good to very good2 mid-,july4 ,premature4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aeg4 #ahcb4 ,originated in ,scotland about #ahcj4 ,fruit below medium2 flesh very juicy and delicious1 superior to the ,crawford1 of ,scotland1 reputed a most superior early fruit2 early ,aug4 ,prmices d'cully4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3edd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcb4 #ahhd4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,luizet1 a nurseryman at cully-lez-,lyon1 ,rhne1 ,fr41 from a bed of mixed seeds made in #ahdg4 ,fruit rather large1 irregular ovate1 round and bossed1 yellow1 with here and there a green tinge1 thickly spotted and stained with small blotches of brown-russet2 flesh tender1 whitish1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 easily becoming soft1 sweet1 saccharine1 with a flavor of musk2 ,sept4 ,prmices de ,wagelwater4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcf4 #ahfi4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-obovate-pyriform1 sides unequal1 yellow with a few traces of russet and thickly sprinkled with brown dots2 flesh whitish1 melting1 juicy1 very sweet2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,premier4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcb4 #ahhd4 ,raised at the ,royal ,garden1 ,frogmore1 ,eng41 and first exhibited in #ahga4 ,fruit above medium1 oblong1 terminating abruptly and bluntly at the stalk1 undulating in outline and contracted with a waist at the middle2 skin covered with cinnamon-colored russet2 flesh semi-melting1 very juicy1 sweet1 and brisk1 with a flavor resembling pineapple2 good2 ,nov4 ,premier ,prsident ,mtivier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ede1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a variety raised in ,leroy's nurseries at ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahfg4 ,fruit above medium or large1 globular1 flattened at the poles1 more enlarged on one side than on the other2 skin rough1 grass-green1 dotted and veined with olive-russet on the shaded side1 and bronzed and dotted with bright fawn on the face exposed to the sun2 flesh very white1 melting1 fine or semi-fine1 free from granulations1 very juicy1 acidulous1 highly saccharine1 with delicious perfume and flavor2 first2 ,oct4 ,prsent de ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3edf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons raised at ,louvain1 ,bel41 but which first fruited with ,general ,delaage at ,angers1 ,fr41 in #ahdd4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 shortened and ventriculous in its lower part1 very much narrowed and slightly constricted at the top which is rarely very obtuse1 lemon-yellow1 strewn with large gray dots1 fully colored with dull red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 or semi-fine1 melting1 gritty below the core2 juice abundant2 saccharine1 sourish and vinous1 with an aromatic flavor2 first2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,president4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcf4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 and fruited in #ahfa4 ,fruit very large1 globular-obovate1 somewhat irregular2 skin slightly rough1 greenish-yellow1 pale red in the sun1 considerable russet next the base of the stalk and traces of russet and conspicuous dots all over2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather coarse1 melting1 juicy1 slightly vinous2 good2 early ,nov4 ,prsident ,barab4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahie4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aic4 #aibj4 ,first fruited in #ahgj from a seed of ,bergamotte ,espren with ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium to below1 short-turbinate1 deep golden in color2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 a little acid1 juicy and of exquisite flavor2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,prsident de la ,bastie4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bfe4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ccj1 fig4 #aijf4 ,originated with ,m4 ,boisselot1 ,nantes1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 shape of ,bartlett2 flesh white1 fine1 melting2 good to very good2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,prsident ,boncenne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ig4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie4 ,this firm had received it from ,poitiers4 ,tree very vigorous and makes a shapely pyramid4 ,fruit medium1 pyramidal1 greenish1 slightly blushed with red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 very juicy1 perfumed1 saccharine and with a flavor of almond2 beginning of ,sept4 ,prsident ,campy4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf and stated to have been received from ,belgium4 ,president ,clark4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ih4 #ahha4 ,this was a hybrid produced from the crossing of ,seckel with ,belle ,lucrative4 ,it was raised by ,francis ,dana1 who1 before he died1 put several seedlings into the hands of ,colonel ,stone1 ,dedham1 ,mass41 saying he thought there might be some very good varieties among them4 ,this variety was among them1 and was named after the first ,president of the ,massachusetts ,agricultural ,college4 ,fruit full medium1 turbinate1 somewhat irregular and variable1 clear lemon-yellow1 with a carmine cheek next the sun2 flesh white1 fine-grained1 very melting1 juicy1 slightly astringent1 sweet and rich2 very good to best2 a little later in season than ,bartlett4 ,prsident ,couprie4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 ,french4 ,fruit medium1 oval2 flesh yellow1 very tender1 melting1 juicy1 highly saccharine and perfumed2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,prsident ,deboutteville4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 ,published by ,m4 ,boisbunel4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit rather large2 first2 ,dec4 ,president ,dr4 ,ward4 #a4 ,n4 ,j4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aeg4 #aije4 ,awarded a premium by the ,new ,jersey ,horticultural ,society in #aije4 ,president d',estaintot4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,obtained at ,rouen1 ,fr41 from a seed of ,soldat-,laboureur1 and published by ,collette4 ,the fruit is of first quality and is in season from ,aug4 to ,oct4 ,president ,felton4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcf4 #ahfi4 ,originated with ,w4 ,d4 ,brinckl1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate1 pale yellow1 with a crimson cheek in sun1 nettings and tracings of russet1 and many brown and gray dots2 flesh fine1 juicy1 yellowish1 semi-melting1 slightly vinous1 sweet2 good2 ,oct4 ,prsident ,fortier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 slightly swelled2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting1 sugary1 perfumed2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,prsident ,hron #a44 ,rev4 ,hort4 #f4 #ahig4 ,a new pear placed on the market in #ahig by ,arsne ,sannier1 a nurseryman at ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium2 form recalling that of ,urbaniste1 obovate or oblong-obovate2 flesh very fine1 juicy1 and perfumed4 ,prsident ,mas4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcf4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ccc1 fig4 #aijf4 ,first reported in #ahfe as having been raised by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 horticulturist at ,rouen1 ,fr41 and adopted by the ,pomological ,congress of ,france4 ,fruit large1 sometimes very large1 ovate-conic-obtuse and bossed round the stalk2 skin rough1 yellowish-green1 much dotted with russet1 marbled with fawn around the eye2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 juicy with a sugary flavor1 vinous and very pleasantly perfumed2 very good2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,prsident ,muller4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 ,published by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,brabant1 and on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit large2 first2 ,nov4 ,prsident ,olivier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,gained by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 not long previous to #ahgf4 ,prsident d',osmonville4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3edg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aid4 #aibj4 ,this variety was a posthumous gain of ,m4 ,lon ,leclerc1 ,laval1 ,fr41 in #ahcd1 an amateur well known among ,french pomologists4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform2 skin smooth1 fine and tender1 very pale green changing to pale yellow1 more golden on the side of the sun1 or occasionally washed on the more-exposed fruits with a suggestion of rosy red2 flesh yellow1 very fine1 entirely melting1 filled with saccharine juice1 vinous1 and penetrated with a lively musk flavor2 first2 ,oct4 ,prsident ,parigot4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3edh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a variety originated by ,count ,nouhes near ,pauzauges in the ,vende1 ,fr41 where the seedling gave its first fruit in #aheb4 ,fruit above medium1 long-conic1 narrowed in its upper part and bossed2 skin rather rough1 orange-yellow1 dotted with greenish-gray and extensively washed with clear gray2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting1 watery1 granular around the core2 juice abundant1 very saccharine1 vinous and with a delicious flavor2 first2 ,oct4 ,prsident ,payen4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3edi4 #ahfi4 ,this pear issued in #ahfj from a seed bed made by ,m4 ,briffaut1 ,svres1 ,fr4 ,it was awarded a silver medal in #ahfa by the ,horticultural ,society of ,paris4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 golden-russet sometimes washed with a red blush2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 perfumed1 and of good flavor2 of moderate merit2 beginning of winter4 ,prsident ,pouyer-,quertier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,a ,french pear dedicated to a ,president of the ,horticultural ,society of ,rouen4 ,fruit medium1 rather long1 covered with gray-russet2 flesh very fine1 juicy1 saccharine2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,prsident ,royer4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3edi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,xavier ,grgoire1 the ,belgian tanner of ,jodoigne1 obtained this pear in #agfb when it fruited for the first time4 ,fruit medium2 form recalling that of the quince1 very bossed1 rather obtuse1 base flat1 bright yellow1 dotted1 streaked and mottled with russet and extensively washed with tender rose on the side of the sun2 flesh fine1 firm although quite melting1 rather granular at core2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 highly perfumed1 possessing a slight acidity which renders it agreeable and refreshing2 first2 ,oct4 ,prsident ,le ,sant4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajb4 #ahgf4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit medium1 ,bergamot-shaped2 skin oily1 symmetrical1 yellow dotted with fawn2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 with an agreeable aroma2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,prsident ,watier4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahie4 ,obtained about #ahhj by the ,chevalier de ,biseau d',hauteville1 at ,binche1 ,bel4 ,fruit long-gourd-shaped2 flesh salmon-colored1 melting1 saccharine1 well-flavored2 ,nov4 ,prsidente ,senente4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,on trial in #ahie4 ,tree healthy1 of moderate vigor and pyramidal4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-oblate2 flesh melting1 perfumed1 very juicy with a pleasant acidity2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,prvost4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eeb1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcc4 #ahhd4 ,obtained by ,alexandre ,bivort1 director of the nurseries of the ,society ,van ,mons at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel1 in #ahdg4 ,fruit above medium1 rather irregular-ovate1 bossed1 often much swelled in the lower half1 lemon-yellow or golden1 dotted and a little speckled with bright maroon1 carmined on the cheek turned to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 having a pleasant muscat flavor2 second2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,pricke4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,the peare pricke is very like unto the ,greenfield peare1 being both faire1 great1 and good4 ,primating4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,mentioned by ,john ,parkinson in #afbi1 as a good moist peare1 and early ripe4 ,prince ,albert4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3,no4 #ada1 ,pl4 #ada4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcf4 #ahfi4 ,this was a seedling of the eighth generation raised by ,van ,mons at ,louvain1 ,bel41 sown about #ahdj4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 obtuse and irregular1 often contorted1 sides unequal1 greenish1 striped and dotted with fawn1 washed with russet around the stem2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-breaking1 gritty2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 aromatic1 rather savory2 second2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,prince ,harvest4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcg4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,william ,prince1 ,flushing1 ,l4 ,i41 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit small1 ovate-pyriform1 pale yellow1 rarely a brownish blush1 red cheek in the sun1 sprinkled with brown dots1 and sometimes patched with russet2 flesh white1 firm1 breaking1 moderately juicy1 sweet1 slightly musky2 good2 end of ,july4 ,prince ,imprial4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fe4 #ahgf4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,brabant1 ,bel41 in #ahej4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 bright yellow all over2 flesh salmon-colored1 buttery1 rather juicy1 saccharine and having an agreeable perfume2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,prince ,imprial de ,france4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eed1 fig4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcg4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,grgoire1 the well-known ,belgian seedsman1 obtained this variety at ,jodoigne in #ahej from seed of ,pastorale sown in #ahce4 ,fruit above medium1 irregular-ovate and rather swelled1 having one side usually more enlarged than the other1 bright green1 dotted1 streaked1 patched and spotted with fawn-russet2 flesh white1 fine1 juicy1 melting1 slightly gritty below the core2 juice abundant1 refreshing1 saccharine1 acidulous1 perfumed2 first2 ,sept4 ,prince de ,joinville4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcg4 #ahfi4 ,belgian2 first fruited in #ahdh4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 green changing to golden yellow1 with a vivid blush on the cheek next the sun1 brown spots and some russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 melting1 acidulous1 sweet1 agreeably aromatic2 first for dessert1 household and market2 ,nov4 ,prince ,napolon4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eef1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hcg4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 from seed of the ,passe ,crassane in #ahfd4 ,fruit medium and sometimes above1 globular1 rarely regular and often mammillate at the top1 olive-yellow1 covered largely with mottlings of brown and sprinkled with indistinct gray dots2 flesh white-greenish or yellowish1 semi-fine1 semi-melting2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 vinous1 with a delicate perfume2 first2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,prince d',orange4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ba3adf4 #ahee4 ,raised by ,van ,mons at ,louvain and numbered #hia in his ,catalog of #ahbc1 second and third series1 and regarded by ,j4 de ,jonghe1 ,brussels1 as one of ,van ,mons' more remarkable fruits2 form and flavor of ,passe ,colmar4 ,prince de ,printemps4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aih4 #ahcb4 ,a ,flemish pear imported by a ,mr4 ,braddick in #ahai4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 green2 flesh buttery1 sweet2 good2 very late4 ,prince ,saint-,germain4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ddg1 fig4 #bjg4 #ahde4 ,raised by ,william ,prince1 ,flushing1 ,long ,island1 ,n4 ,y41 and known also as ,brown ,saint ,germain4 ,fruit medium1 obovate inclining to oval-pyriform1 green nearly covered with brownish-russet and blushed with dull red on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 melting1 juicy1 with a vinous and very agreeable flavor2 very good2 ,nov4 to ,mar4 ,prince ,seed ,virgalieu4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3afc1 fig4 #efb4 #ahha4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-conic and ventriculous1 usually regular in form1 pale green1 slightly tinted with yellow1 sprinkled with brownish-gray dots1 small but numerous2 at maturity the basic green becomes brilliant lemon-yellow and the side exposed to the sun washed with pale red2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 very melting2 juice sufficient1 saccharine2 good2 ,oct4 ,princess4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #c3bfj4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aid4 #aibj4 ,raised by ,messrs4 ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth1 ,eng41 from seed of ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey4 ,growth compact1 upright1 free bearer1 valuable for market culture1 and one to be depended upon in poor seasons2 fine as a cordon4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 tapering almost to stalk1 not very symmetrical1 smooth and shining1 rarely russety1 green and pale green with a brownish tinge1 dark green dots under the skin2 flesh white1 juicy and melting1 briskly acid2 very good2 ,oct4 to ,christmas1 rather variable in season4 ,princess ,maria4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ehj4 #aheg4 ,a seedling from ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium or below1 pyramidal1 yellow1 considerably covered with rough1 dull russet1 and thickly sprinkled with dots2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 juicy1 melting1 vinous1 aromatic2 good2 ,sept4 ,princesse ,charlotte4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eeh1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcc4 #ahhd4 ,a pear raised in #ahdf by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 variable in form1 much bossed and rather contorted1 turbinate-obtuse to globular-ovate1 grass-green with brown or orange glow on the sunny side1 dotted and marbled with russet2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 semi-melting1 watery and gritty1 but juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 with a fine aroma2 a fine pear1 evidently of the ,passe ,colmar race1 but quite distinct from that variety2 ,nov4 and later4 ,princesse ,marianne4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eei1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,calebasse ,princesse ,marianne4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3fg1 fig4 #aheg4 ,although very similar in color and form1 this pear is distinct from ,calebasse ,bosc with which it has been confused4 ,it was obtained by ,van ,mons at the ,fidlit nursery near ,brussels before #ahag from a graft of a wilding4 ,fruit large1 pyriform and gourd-shaped1 swelled in its lower part1 more or less contracted near the summit and not very obtuse2 skin rough1 greenish-russet1 dotted with clear gray and marbled or speckled with brown1 flesh white or semi-fine1 melting1 some grit around the core1 juicy1 very saccharine1 vinous and with a highly delicate aroma2 first2 ,oct4 ,princesse d',orange4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3efj4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcd4 #ahhd4 ,according to ,van ,mons this was found by ,count de ,coloma in the garden of the ,riches-,claires ,nunnery at ,mechlin1 ,bel1 about #aghh1 but remained unnamed for forty years4 ,fruit medium1 globular or globular-ovate1 bossed1 seldom very regular in form1 lemon-yellow1 largely covered with reddish-brown russet1 and more or less carmined on the side next the sun2 flesh white and fine1 melting or semi-melting1 juicy1 vinous1 saccharine1 slightly perfumed with anis2 a first-class dessert pear2 ,oct4 ,princire4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3efb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,of uncertain origin4 ,leroy received it in #ahfd from ,charles ,baltet1 ,troyes1 ,fr41 who also described it in the ,revue ,horticole that year4 ,fruit above medium1 globular1 irregular1 bossed1 often much contorted and usually mammillate at the summit1 golden yellow or bright yellow covered all over with large russet dots1 streaked with fawn around the calyx2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 full of juice1 only slightly saccharine1 vinous and slightly aromatic2 second2 ,oct4 ,priou4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3efc1 figs4 #ahfi4 ,this pear which is one of the best ripening in spring-time was made known in #ahfc by ,m4 ,priou1 a miller at ,rondard1 near ,brissac1 ,maine-et-,loire1 ,fr4 ,the parent tree stood in an open pasturage1 and was then about fifty years old4 ,fruit above medium1 rather inconstant in form1 globular-ovate1 irregular1 bossed1 mammillate at the summit1 and pentagonal at its base or almost completely globular1 bright yellow1 dotted and streaked with gray-russet2 flesh white1 fine and juicy1 melting1 slightly gritty at the center1 saccharine1 agreeably acid1 with a delicious perfume2 first2 ,may4 ,professeur ,barral4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3efe1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,boisselot1 ,nantes1 ,fr41 a well known seedsman1 obtained this pear from seeds of ,bartlett1 in #ahfb4 ,fruit very large1 globular1 rather irregular and bossed2 skin thick1 orange-yellow1 dotted with gray and lightly washed with bright russet on the exposed side2 flesh whitish1 fine or semi-fine1 melting1 watery2 juice abundant1 sugary1 vinous1 acidulous and full of flavor2 first2 ,oct4 and beginning of ,nov4 ,professeur ,bazin4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #did4 #ahih4 ,a posthumous variety raised from a seed bed of ,m4 ,tourasse and placed on the market in #ahih by ,m4 ,baltet1 ,troyes1 ,fr4 ,fruit large1 often very large1 pyramidal1 ventriculous at the middle1 water-green1 passing to lemon-yellow1 mottled with fawn-brown2 flesh extremely fine and melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 with a delicate perfume2 very good2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,professeur ,dubreuil4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #c3,no4 #ig1 ,pl4 #ig4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcd4 #ahhd4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,dubreuil1 professor of horticulture1 from a bed of seeds of ,louise-,bonne de ,jersey made at the ,botanical ,garden of ,rouen in #ahdj4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 more or less swelled2 skin rather thick1 oily1 green changing to lemon-yellow1 dotted with russet and carmined on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 buttery1 full of sugary juice1 with an agreeable perfume2 first2 end of ,aug4 and early ,sept4 ,professeur ,grosdemange4 #a4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #cdj1 #cdb1 fig4 #bdc4 #aijh4 ,fruit large1 obovate-pyriform2 coloring bright yellow with vermilion blush2 flesh of good quality2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,professeur ,hennnau4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3gg1 fig4 #ahfj4 ,m4 ,xavier ,grgoire1 a tanner at ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 obtained this variety from seed4 ,fruited in #ahfj4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 more or less irregular1 swelled and bossed1 often a little contorted in its lower part1 olive-yellow dotted with ashen gray1 veined or speckled with fawn and washed with golden russet on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 semi-melting1 watery1 very granular around the center2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 tartish1 delicate although slight perfume2 second2 ,nov4 ,professeur ,hortols4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #eg4 #ahie4 ,raised by ,m4 ,f4 ,morel1 a horticulturist at ,lyons1 ,fr4 ,tree vigorous and fertile1 suitable for all forms of growth4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform-ventriculous1 greenish-yellow1 blushed with brownish-red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 very juicy2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,professeur ,opoix4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ecb1 fig4 #bdj4 #aija4 ,a seedling from the establishment of ,baltet ,brothers1 ,troyes1 ,fr4 ,reported in #aija4 ,fruit rather large1 globular1 slightly oval1 a little bossed1 bright green passing to whitish-yellow1 dotted with brown2 flesh fine1 yellow-butter tinted1 very juicy1 melting1 saccharine1 with a pleasant aromatic perfume2 excellent2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,professeur ,willermoz4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,joanon at ,saint-,cyr near ,lyons1 ,fr4 ,fruit large or rather large1 pyriform ventriculous2 flesh very fine1 juicy1 melting1 saccharine and perfumed2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,prud'homme4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahie4 ,published in the ,journal of the ,national ,society of ,horticulture of ,france in #ahge4 ,tree vigorous and very fertile4 ,flesh saccharine1 very sprightly2 ,sept4 to ,dec4 ,pudsey4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ig4 #ahge4 ,a native of ,nova ,scotia which compares favorably in flavor1 richness1 and other qualities with some of the most popular sorts at present cultivated4 ,puebla4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3efh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling of ,m4 ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 reported in #ahfc4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 rather ventriculous and much bossed1 with one side nearly always less swelled than the other2 skin thick and rough1 yellow1 covered with large patches of russet and grayish dots2 flesh very white and very fine1 melting1 with some grit at the center1 full of sugary juice1 with an acid taste and agreeable perfume2 first2 ,oct4 ,pulsifer4 #a4 ,horticulturist #h3dfj1 fig4 #ahec4 ,dr4 ,john ,pulsifer of ,hennepin1 ,ill41 in the spring of #ahdc planted in his garden a pear seed which produced a tree bearing fruit of great merit4 ,an early and prolific bearer1 hardy1 vigorous4 ,fruit hardly medium1 pyriform1 dull golden-yellow1 covered with an open network of slight russet2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 and delicious1 much like ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey1 but superior to it2 ,aug4 ,pushkin4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,pyrus ovoidea x ,r4 ,k4 #ecc1 a ,russian pear4 ,originated by ,n4 ,e4 ,hansen1 ,brookings1 ,s4 ,d41 and introduced by him in #aiai4 ,queen ,jargonelle4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #c;d ,ser4 #b3cfi4 #ahhg4 ,of unknown origin but it appears to have been disseminated by the ,rev4 ,w4 ,kingsley1 ,thirsk1 ,yorkshire1 ,eng4 ,fruit soft1 juicy and agreeable2 ,aug4 ,queen ,victoria4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fce4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,mr4 ,w4 ,willison1 a florist at ,whitby1 ,yorkshire1 ,eng4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 even in its contour1 greenish-yellow at maturity1 with a crust of cinnamon-russet on the side next the sun2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sweet1 and with an almond flavor2 end of ,aug4 ,quiletette4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3chh4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdj4 #ahfi4 ,this is a ,van ,mons seedling1 and was exhibited at the fifteenth annual exhibition of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in ,september1 #ahdc1 by ,r4 ,manning of ,salem4 ,fruit nearly medium1 globular1 a little flattened1 greenish1 nearly covered with dull iron-colored russet2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 rich1 sweet and perfumed2 an odd-looking fruit1 scarcely good2 ,nov4 ,quince4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #df4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 and fruited in #ahfb4 ,fruit diameter #c inches2 skin lumpy and nodular2 flesh fine-grained1 juicy and sweet2 great bearer2 ,sept4 ,quinn4 #a4 ,horticulturist4 #bb3db1 #aag1 fig4 #be4 #ahfg4 ,p4 ,t4 ,quinn1 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j41 submitted specimens of this pear to the ,committee of the ,farmers' ,club of the ,american ,institute which issued a report upon it on ,january #b;d1 #ahfg4 ,the pear had been imported by ,professor ,mapes and the name lost1 and at a previous meeting the ,committee had named it ,quinn4 ,fruit below medium1 pyriform1 tapering rapidly toward the stem end2 skin inclined to golden-russet2 flesh rich and juicy and in flavor and aroma occupies the first rank2 good2 ,jan4 and keeps till ,mar4 ,rainbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aff4 #ahef4 ,hesse1 ,ger41 #ahaf4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 somewhat swelled2 skin polished1 pale light green turning to lemon-yellow1 without any red blush1 sprinkled with numerous fine light brown dots1 fine russet on the side next the sun2 flesh granular1 vinous and highly aromatic2 first for culinary use2 mid-,oct4 ,rallay4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #chb4 #ahed4 ,an old variety of unknown origin4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-acute-pyriform2 skin rough1 dull yellow1 dull reddish cheek1 dotted all over with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 breaking1 juicy1 gritty2 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,rameau4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bci4 #ahed4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3egb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,silberstige ,gewrzbirne4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ae4 #ahef4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons distinct from ,besi des ,veterans4 ,fruit above medium1 oblong-oval2 skin thick1 rough1 greenish1 gray or bronzed on sunny side1 stained and dotted with dark russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 very fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 acidulous1 aromatic2 inferior4 ,ramilies4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #afe4 #ahda4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aie4 #aibj4 ,described in #ahdb in the ,london ,horticultural ,society's ,catalog of ,fruits4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 yellow obscured with russet1 red next the sun1 beautiful in appearance2 flesh breaking2 very good for cooking2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,rankin4 #a4 ,van ,lindley ,nurs4 ,cat4 #ec4 #aiac4 ,introduced by ,j4 ,van ,lindley ,nursery ,company about #aije and said to be a seedling of ,duchesse d',angoulme picked up from the side of the ,southern ,railway by ,w4 ,h4 ,rankin1 ,guilford ,county1 ,n4 ,c4 ,tree strong1 hardy4 ,fruit similar to ,duchesse d',angoulme but two weeks earlier4 ,rannaja4 #a4 ,iowa ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahhj4 ,imported by ,professor ,budd from the northern steppes of ,russia1 where the summers are fully as dry and hot and the winters far more severe than those of ,iowa2 said to unite well with the apple when root or top grafted4 ,rapelje4 #a4 ,horticulturist #a3bci1 fig4 #fb4 #ahdf4 ,a native variety introduced by ,professor ,stephens1 ,astoria1 ,long ,island4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 sometimes obtuse1 and sometimes acute-pyriform1 yellowish1 covered with cinnamon-russet2 flesh whitish1 somewhat granular1 juicy1 melting1 with a sweet1 vinous1 aromatic flavor2 variable1 sometimes poor2 ,sept4 ,rastlerbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ah1 fig4 #aiac4 ,found in ,northern ,tyrol and the ,austrian ,province of the ,voralberg4 ,fruit large1 globular-turbinate1 almost acute1 green turning yellow-green when ripe1 faintly blushed2 flesh granular1 greenish-white2 a very good perry pear and suitable for baking2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,rateau ,blanc4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3,no4 #aee1 ,pl4 #aee4 #ahfe4 ,a variety of unknown origin1 but cultivated from very early times in the ,gironde1 ,fr41 and much esteemed in the markets of the ,pyrenees4 ,fruit above medium1 irregular in form1 usually pyramidal or long-ovate1 sides unequal2 skin rough to the touch1 orange-yellow1 shaded with green1 whitish on the cheek opposed to the sun1 stained with fawn around the stalk and covered1 particularly on the lower part1 with russet and large gray dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 semi-breaking2 juice rather deficient1 slightly acidulous1 somewhat saccharine2 second for the table1 first for the kitchen2 ,mar4 ,ravenswood4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aif4 #aheh4 ,ravenswood was a seedling found in the woods of ,astoria1 ,l4 ,i41 and transplanted to the grounds of ,charles ,ehrard4 ,fruit small1 obovate-pyriform1 pale yellow1 with sometimes a tinge of red in the sun and thickly sprinkled with green dots2 flesh whitish1 slightly coarse1 extremely full of vinous1 carbonated juice1 with a rich aromatic flavor2 good to very good1 superior to most pears of its period2 mid-,july to mid-,aug4 ,ravut4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ga4 #ahgf4 ,ravu4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #be3bef4 #ahei4 ,described by ,m4 ,baltet1 ,troyes1 ,fr41 as a new fruit1 in #ahei4 ,tree moderately vigorous and very productive4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 pale yellow1 dotted with russet2 flesh fine1 melting1 sugary1 remaining sound when ripe2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,raymond4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ahc4 #ahcb4 ,raised by ,joseph ,wight1 ,raymond1 ,me4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 yellow1 marked with russet near the stalk and tinged with a little red toward the sun1 thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,raymond de ,montlaur4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajc4 #ahgf4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf1 and in #ahie placed in their list of pears of little value4 ,fruit very large1 beautiful in form and color2 flesh very white1 fine1 melting and very juicy1 saccharine1 and agreeably aromatic2 ,oct4 ,raymould4 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #h4 #ahie4 ,mentioned in a report of the ,committee on ,new ,fruits of the ,ohio ,state ,horticultural ,society in #ahie4 ,fruit fair but not of sufficient size or quality to be recommended for cultivation4 ,re ,umberto primo4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bbd4 #ahif4 ,published in ,france in #ahif as a new ,italian variety4 ,fruit ovate1 lemon-yellow1 dotted with small rough points2 flesh rather breaking1 slightly acidulous1 very saccharine and highly perfumed4 ,reading4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3agc4 #ahec4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hda4 #ahfi4 ,a native variety1 new about #ahec4 ,introduced by ,charles ,kessler4 ,originated in ,oley ,township1 ,reading1 ,pa4 ,fruit medium to large1 obovate-pyriform1 tapering to the crown1 yellow1 thickly dotted with brown points and sprinkled with russet2 flesh greenish-white1 abounding in juice of a mild and agreeable flavor1 melting1 vinous2 good2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,recq de ,pambroye4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahie4 ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie classed this among new varieties and stated that they had received it from ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,tree rather vigorous1 forward according to accounts1 fertile4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 bronze in color1 washed with red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh fine1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous2 ,jan4 ,red ,garden4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hda4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,josiah ,youngken1 ,richlandtown1 ,pa4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 pale yellow1 shaded and mottled with a few crimson dots on the side next the sun1 netted and patched with russet and thickly sprinkled with brown dots2 flesh whitish1 a little coarse1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,red ,pear4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcf4 #ahhd4 ,a perry pear grown largely in ,herefordshire1 ,eng4 ,fruit small1 globular1 even and regular in outline1 inclining to turbinate1 almost entirely covered with rather bright red1 yellow around the stalk where shaded1 sprinkled all over with pale gray dots2 flesh quite yellow1 firm1 dry and gritty4 ,redfield4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aie4 #ahfg4 ,raised from seed by ,j4 ,w4 ,crosby1 ,st4 ,george1 ,utah1 and first fruited in #ahfa4 ,fruit in size1 shape and color resembles ,bartlett1 but is a little more tapering at the stem1 yellowish-green1 with a brownish-red cheek2 flesh sweet1 sprightly1 melting2 ripens a little later than ,bartlett4 ,refreshing4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #bdb1 figs4 #acc1 #acd4 #ahhe4 ,raised by ,benjamin ,macomber1 ,grand ,isle1 ,vt4 ,fruit below medium1 bright golden yellow2 stem stout1 medium long1 in a small cavity2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet2 very good2 ,sept4 ,regina ,margherita4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bbd4 #ahif4 ,an ,italian pear published in #ahif as a new variety4 ,fruit in form similar to that of ,passe ,crassane1 greenish-yellow1 washed with green2 flesh very saccharine1 somewhat acid1 buttery1 perfumed4 ,rgine4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hda4 #ahfi4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling4 ,fruit medium1 globular-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with slight nettings of russet and thickly sprinkled with green and brown dots2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good2 ,sept4 ,regnier4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ahe4 #ahed4 ,a native variety which originated with ,madame ,regnier1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,reported by the ,committee on ,fruits of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahed4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 yellow1 with usually a colored cheek2 very good4 ,reichenckerin4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aj4 #ahef4 ,wrttemberg1 ,ger41 #ahdg4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 dark green1 with brownish blush1 gray dots2 first for household2 mid-,dec4 and ,jan4 ,reine des ,belges4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3egh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling raised by ,van ,mons at ,louvain1 ,bel41 in #ahcb1 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 tending to globular1 always slightly mammillate at the top2 skin fine and shining1 pale yellow1 sprinkled with very small russet dots1 and slightly blushed with tender rose on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh very white1 a little coarse1 melting or semi-breaking1 watery1 rather granular at center2 juice saccharine1 vinous1 perfumed2 second2 ,sept4 ,reine d',hiver4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hda4 #ahfi4 ,fruit small1 globular-oblate1 yellow1 with a brownish tinge on the cheek exposed to the sun and with nettings1 patches and dots of russet2 flesh yellowish1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 good2 ,nov4 ,reine des ,poires4 #a4 ,manning ,book of ,fruits #hd4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eha1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the ,count de ,coloma came into possession of the garden of the ,nunnery of the ,riches-,claires1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 directly after the suppression of the order in #aghf and two years later made seed beds from which were raised1 among other good varieties1 the ,reine des ,poires4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate-ovate but irregular in form2 skin rather thick and yet tender1 green dotted with small brown points1 changing to yellow1 much covered with a brownish-red russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 saccharine and acidulous1 with an exquisite perfume2 first2 ,oct4 ,reine des ,prcoces4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bja1 fig4 #ii4 #ahff-gc4 ,probably of ,belgian origin4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate or nearly globular1 regular in contour2 skin thick1 at first intense green sprinkled with numerous large1 prominent1 gray-green dots2 the basic green changes to yellow on the shaded side and intense brownish-red on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 semi-buttery1 a little gritty at the center1 little juice or sugar1 rather agreeable2 second2 end of ,july4 ,reine des ,tardives4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahgf4 ,published by ,m4 ,bruant in #ahfe4 ,fruit rather large1 vivid yellow2 flesh juicy1 saccharine2 easily keeps till ,june4 ,reine ,victoria4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdb4 #ahfi4 ,said to be a seedling from ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with shades and patches of fawn2 flesh white1 tinted with rose1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 ,dec4 ,reliance4 #a4 ,ga4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bd4 #ahij4 ,introduced by ,p4 ,j4 ,berckmans to the ,georgia ,state ,horticultural ,society and accepted by that ,society in #ahij4 ,it was raised from seed sown in #aheg1 and named ,reliance because it bears every year4 ,fruit small2 a dessert pear almost as good as ,seckel1 rated as very good2 summer season4 ,remy ,chatenay4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,tree healthy and of fair vigor1 very fertile1 and suitable for all forms of cultivation4 ,fruit of the form and appearance of ,beurr d',arenberg though not so large or delicate2 matures in the spring4 ,ren ,dunan4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahie4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis at ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahie and at ,agassiz1 ,british ,columbia and other ,canadian ,experiment ,stations in #aijj4 ,the tree pyramidal and very fertile4 ,fruit very large1 lemon-yellow1 vermilioned on the side of the sun2 flesh fine1 melting1 acidulous1 recalling the flavor of the ,beurr ,gris2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,rettigbirne4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ebg4 #ahag4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cd4 #ahef4 ,of ,german origin4 ,reported in #ahae4 ,fruit small1 globular-pyriform1 medium ventriculous1 light yellow1 dotted with gray1 and speckled with brown2 flesh acid and aromatic2 first for all purposes2 beginning of ,sept4 for three weeks4 ,reuterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahi4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,prussia1 #ahjg4 ,fruit almost small1 ovate1 ventriculous1 uneven in outline1 pale yellow-green turning to light lemon-yellow1 often covered with thin russet on the side of the sun2 flesh dense1 juicy1 wanting in flavor1 sweet and acidulous2 third for dessert1 first for household2 ,oct4 ,rewell4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,the good ,rewell is a reasonable great peare1 as good to bake as to eate rawe1 and both wayes it is a good fruit4 ,reymenans4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aeb4 #ahef4 ,a ,van ,mons seedling4 ,belgium1 #ahbe4 ,fruit small1 turbinate-globular1 even in contour1 light green turning to lemon-yellow1 without any red blush1 sprinkled with fine dots1 with delicate russet on the cheek next the sun2 skin without scent2 flesh semi-melting1 sweet1 aromatic2 second for dessert1 first for household and market2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,reynaert ,beernaert4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3bbj4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ba1 fig4 #cie4 #ahhj4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,bivort1 director of the ,society ,van ,mons1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium or nearly large1 globular1 flattened at both poles1 regular in contour2 skin rather thick1 water-green1 sprinkled with numerous large and regularly-spaced1 gray dots1 turning at maturity to dull yellowish-green and the side next the sun golden or orange colored2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 wanting in juice and sugar1 vinous but without appreciable perfume2 second2 ,nov4 ,rheinische ,birne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3f4 #ahef4 ,westphalia1 a province of ,prussia1 #ahjb4 ,fruit large1 ovate1 light green turning pale yellow1 without any blush1 strongly dotted2 flesh breaking1 juicy1 aromatic2 first for household use2 ,oct4 ,rheinische ,herbstapothekerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agh4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,prussia1 #ahje4 ,fruit very large1 conic1 often very irregular in form1 light yellow-green turning to pale light yellow1 often stained blood-red1 covered with very numerous and minute spots1 speckled and marked with russet2 flesh whitish1 granular1 semi-melting1 sweet and aromatic2 second for table1 first for cooking4 ,rheinische ,paradiesbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afi4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 ,ger41 #ahja4 ,fruit large1 conic1 yellow1 blushed and streaked with light red1 dotted with yellow2 flesh yellow1 gritty around the center1 sweet2 third for the table1 first for culinary use2 end of ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,rhenser ,schmalzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fc4 #ahef4 ,the ,german ,rhineland1 #ahcc4 ,fruit fairly large1 pyriform1 smooth1 yellow1 blushed with blood-red1 covered with fine dots2 flesh yellowish1 breaking1 sweet1 aromatic2 third for dessert1 first for kitchen2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,richards4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bb3edj4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdb4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,wilmington1 ,del4 ,it was placed on the list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahef at its biennial session at ,rochester4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 yellow sprinkled with numerous small russet dots and patches of russet2 flesh buttery1 melting1 granular1 with a sweet1 pleasantly vinous flavor2 good2 ,oct4 ,richardson4 #a4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #egj4 #ahhe4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate2 flesh melting1 sprightly1 pleasant2 ,oct4 ,riche ,dpouille4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3bje4 #ahcb4 ,a ,french variety introduced early in the last century4 ,its name may be translated ,rich-skinned4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate1 rather irregular in its outline and resembling in form the ,saint ,germain1 clear lemon-yellow1 with a tinge of scarlet on the side exposed to the sun1 a little mottled with russet1 and the whole skin rough like the skin of an orange2 flesh white1 melting1 without perfume but sweet and pleasant2 late autumn or winter4 ,ridelle4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hg4 #ahde4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdb4 #ahfi4 ,shown at the seventeenth annual exhibition of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in ,september1 #ahde1 by the ,president of the ,society4 ,fruit medium1 oblate-turbinate1 remotely pyriform1 yellow covered nearly all over with bright red2 flesh semi-fine1 rather juicy1 not melting or delicate in flavor2 scarcely good2 ,sept4 ,riocreux4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahgf4 ,probably ,french4 ,fruit rather large1 like ,calebasse in form1 symmetrical1 yellowish-green2 flesh fine1 extremely melting1 juicy1 with an exquisite perfume2 first2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,ritson4 #a4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #age1 figs4 #aiad4 ,originated at ,oshawa1 ,ontario1 ,can4 ,w4 ,e4 ,wellington stated that his grandmother1 ,mrs4 ,john ,ritson1 planted the seeds from a pear sent to her from ,boston1 and that the tree had stood on the homestead as long as he could remember4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-pyriform1 usually one-sided1 yellow1 shaded with golden-russet and numerous minute dots of a darker hue2 flesh medium1 creamy-white1 fine1 tender1 buttery1 juicy1 sweet1 delicately perfumed2 dessert1 very good to best2 ,oct4 ,ritter4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bc3ajf4 #aheg4 ,dr4 ,brinckl1 chairman of the ,committee on ,native ,fruits of the ,american ,pomological ,society1 reported in #aheg that specimens had been received from ,louis ,ritter1 ,reading1 ,pa4 ,the tree from which they were obtained was purchased in the spring of #ahea for ,seckel1 but the tree instead of having a rounded head is pyramidal in growth4 ,fruit small1 obovate1 greenish-yellow1 a good deal russeted1 with occasionally a faint brown cheek2 flesh fine texture1 melting and buttery1 saccharine1 with the full ,seckel aroma2 best2 ,oct4 ,rival ,dumont4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,fruit rather large1 oval-turbinate1 russet washed with yellow2 flesh melting1 buttery-juicy1 aromatic2 first2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,rivers4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ehc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcg4 #ahhd4 ,a delicious pear raised in #ahfd by ,leroy at ,angers1 ,fr41 and dedicated by him to ,thomas ,rivers1 the distinguished ,english pomologist4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 regular in outline1 greenish1 dotted with brown and almost entirely covered with bright brown-russet2 flesh very melting1 white1 fine1 juicy1 saccharine1 vinous1 refreshing1 with a delicate musky perfume2 first2 ,sept4 ,robert ,hogg4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ehd1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcg4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 and named after ,doctor ,robert ,hogg1 the ,english horticulturist4 ,it first fruited in #ahfh4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 more or less irregular and generally rather swelled in its lower part2 skin slightly rough1 rather deep green1 much covered with fawn-colored mottles of russet and small gray dots2 flesh whitish1 watery1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice very abundant1 saccharine1 richly flavored1 aromatic1 with an agreeable acidity2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,robert ,treel4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahgf4 ,published by ,j4 de ,jonghe1 ,bel4 ,tree very fertile4 ,fruit medium2 flesh melting2 first2 ,feb4 ,robine4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3agd1 ,pl4 ,,xxvii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fcg4 #ahhd4 ,this is an ancient pear of unascertained origin1 though the pomologists ,turpin and ,poiteau and others have regarded it as ,french4 ,it is often known as the ,royale d't1 and has had various other synonyms4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-turbinate1 bright green changing to yellow1 dotted with greenish-gray2 flesh white1 fine or semi-fine1 almost breaking1 rather dry1 very saccharine1 sweet and having an agreeable musky flavor2 second2 mid-,aug4 ,robitailli pre4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dfc4 #aijf4 ,a ,french pear raised at the beginning of the present century by ,m4 ,robitailli4 ,fruit very large2 skin yellow1 dotted with green and fawn1 becoming golden at full maturity2 flesh fine1 saccharine1 acidulous1 very juicy2 first2 season late and prolonged until ,jan4 ,rockeneirbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3b4 #ahef4 ,south ,germany1 #ahdg4 ,fruit small1 smooth and shining2 flesh yellow-white1 somewhat blushed2 first1 for household use and perry2 ,sept4 ,roe ,bergamot4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdc4 #ahfi4 ,bergamotte de ,roe4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aag1 fig4 #ei4 #ahgb4 ,raised by ,william ,roe1 ,newburgh1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit medium in size1 form oblate or ,bergamot-shaped1 rather irregular2 skin smooth1 yellow1 with minute yellow dots on the shaded side1 washed with red on the side of the sun2 flesh rather coarse1 sweet1 rich1 perfumed flavor suggestive of ,gansel ,bergamot but much more sugary2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,tree fairly vigorous and prolific4 ,rogers4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aeg4 #ahfg4 ,reported as a new pear in #ahfg4 ,fruit said to be similar to the ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey in shape and size but like the ,washington in dots1 markings and flavor2 end of ,sept4 ,roggenhoferbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #agj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear which came first probably from ,lower ,austria4 ,fruit small to medium1 turbinate to pyriform1 the apex being rather acute2 skin firm1 grass-green turning to greenish-yellow1 blushed on the sunny side1 dotted all over with numerous gray-brown dots2 flesh whitish1 coarse-grained1 fairly juicy1 subacid2 good for cider and drying2 end of ,aug4 ,roi-,guillaume4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3ia1 fig4 #bch4 #ahgi4 ,gained by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium1 ovate1 uneven on all its surface2 skin at first pale water-green1 sprinkled with brown dots1 changing to lemon-yellow1 more golden on the side next the sun and often washed with orange-red2 flesh-white1 coarse1 granular1 rather gritty at core2 juice saccharine and perfumed but rather wanting in amount2 third for the table1 good for the kitchen2 ,sept4 ,roi de ,rome4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3ea1 fig4 #aheh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr ,trees ,am4 #hdc4 #ahfi4 ,the ,abb ,duquesnes1 to whom we are beholden for many good fruits1 found this pear in ,hainaut1 ,bel4 ,fruit very large1 pyriform1 pyramidal1 olive-green1 with dark gray shading around the stalk and calyx1 strongly blushed with orange-red and dotted with bright gray on the side next the sun1 and yellow at maturity on the shaded cheek1 with brown-black dots2 flesh fine1 semi-melting1 yellowish-white2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 with an agreeable perfume2 second for table1 first for household2 ,sept4 ,roitelet4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdc4 #ahfi4 ,a ,flemish pear4 ,fruit small1 globular1 yellow1--netted1 shaded and sprinkled with russet2 flesh whitish1 semi-melting1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 ,rokeby4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdd4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3gc1 fig4 #cg4 #ahgb4 ,gained by ,m4 ,bivort1 ,bel41 and first published in #ahdh4 ,fruit medium or below1 pyriform1 swelled in lower half1 lower end flat1 bright green turning to bright yellow in the shade and blood-red on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 juicy1 wanting in quality2 second2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,rolmaston ,duchess4 #a4 ,horticulturist #bi3adh4 #ahgd4 ,published in #ahgd4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellow-green2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 vinous2 very good2 ,oct4 ,ronde du ,bosquet4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ehf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed and bore the name of the place where the parent tree1 which was first described in #ahfc1 grew in ,m4 ,leroy's grounds1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit below medium1 irregularly globular and strongly bossed1 bright yellow1 dotted with brown1 much mottled with russet2 flesh whitish1 watery1 very fine1 melting1 rarely gritty2 juice abundant1 vinous1 saccharine1 possessing a delicious perfume2 first2 ,oct4 ,rondelet4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3cdj4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ah3dcf1 fig4 #cb4 #aheb4 ,obtained in ,france by ,m4 ,franois ,dehove4 ,fruit medium1 remarkably oblate1 with a slightly uneven surface1 much flattened at each end2 skin fair1 smooth1 green turning yellow at maturity1 faintly blushed on the side next the sun1 and thickly dotted with russet intermixed with a few greenish specks2 flesh yellow-white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine and musky2 first2 ,oct4 ,ropes4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ab3ejj4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdd4 #ahfi4 ,originated with ,mr4 ,ropes1 ,salem1 ,mass41 about #ahdf4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 cinnamon-russet2 stem short2 cavity inclined2 calyx small1 open1 set in a shallow basin2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 aromatic2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,rorreger ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ej1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit large1 globular-turbinate to pyriform2 skin smooth1 shining green turning yellow1 numerous small green dots2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse-grained1 subacid and very juicy2 mid-,oct4 and ,nov4 ,rosabirne4 #a4 ,horticulturist #h3fe4 #ahec4 ,a foreign pear introduced to this country as a new variety in the middle of the last century4 ,fruit medium1 obovate-acute-pyriform1 surface uneven1 dull greenish-yellow1 almost entirely overspread with russet2 flesh white1 melting and juicy1 with a delicious1 brisk1 subacid flavor1 vinous1 resembles ,brown ,beurr2 promised to be very good1 one of the best2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,rosalie ,wolters4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ih4 #ahie4 ,published in #ahgh4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 whitish yellow2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 very saccharine2 first2 ,oct4 ,rosanne4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3fi1 fig4 #bbg4 #ahgi4 ,origin unknown2 ,diel states he had received it from ,strasland1 ,prussia4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform1 symmetrical in contour1 green marked with gray dots1 changing at maturity to lemon-yellow1 extensively washed on the side next the sun with wine red1 over which are scattered numerous very distinct1 brighter-red dots1 giving the pear a great resemblance to ,vermont ,beauty2 flesh whitish1 rather fine1 buttery2 juice somewhat deficient but pleasantly acid2 good2 mid-,aug4 ,rose ,doyenn4 #a4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #gac4 #ahig4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate1 yellow and crimson2 flesh coarse1 granular1 flavor poor1 rots at core2 ,oct4 ,rose ,water4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,an old ,english pear4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 rough skin1 brownish-red2 flesh breaking1 of a fine and delicate flavor2 of fair quality but superseded2 mid-,sept4 ,rosenhofbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ib1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblate2 skin tough1 shining1 light yellow when ripe1 blushed slightly on the sunny side1 with numerous fine dots2 flesh yellow-white1 coarse-grained1 juicy1 very astringent2 ,oct4 ,rosenwasserbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3da4 #ahef4 ,rheinfalz1 ,bavaria4 ,fruit medium1 long-turbinate1 even in outline2 tender skin1 green turning yellowish-white1 without dots1 often flecked with dark specks2 flesh juicy1 with a rose-like aroma1 very white1 semi-melting1 very good2 mid-,aug4 ,rosinenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gc4 #ahef4 ,on the ,rhine1 ,ger41 #ahjb4 ,fruit small1 globular-flattened1 light green turning to yellow-green1 without any blush1 covered with small dots and russet on the side next the sun1 often flecked with dark russet2 flesh breaking1 fine1 very sweet and aromatic2 third for dessert and first for kitchen2 ,nov4 ,roslyn4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdd4 #ahfi4 ,a wilding found on the land of ,w4 ,c4 ,bryant1 ,roslyn1 ,l4 ,i4 ,fruit medium1 almost spherical1 yellow1 netted1 patched and dotted with russet2 flesh whitish1 melting1 juicy1 slightly vinous2 good to very good2 end of ,aug4 ,ross4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #afe4 #ahda4 ,a seedling introduced by ,thomas ,andrew ,knight in #ahcb4 ,fruit large1 obovate1 yellowish-green interspersed with russet2 flesh inclining to yellow1 gritty near the center1 rich1 juicy1 saccharine2 second-class dessert pear2 ,jan4 ,rossney4 #a4 ,pioneer ,nurs4 ,co4 ,cat4 fig4 #ahih4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yearbook #djb1 ,pl4 ,,lii4 #aijd4 ,raised in ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,utah1 from a mixed lot of ,winter ,nelis and ,bartlett seed planted for stocks by ,william ,woodberry about #ahha1 and introduced by the ,pioneer ,nurseries ,company1 ,salt ,lake ,city1 in #ahih4 ,fruit medium to large1 oval-pyriform1 somewhat angular and ribbed towards the apex1 golden yellow1 blushed with scarlet and thinly overspread with a bluish-white bloom2 dots numerous1 minute1 russet2 stem rather long1 moderately stout2 calyx closed2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 juicy1 subacid2 good2 ten days later than ,bartlett4 ,rostiezer4 #a4 ,manning ,book of ,fruits #gb4 #ahch4 ,origin uncertain4 ,it was1 however1 received from ,a4 ,n4 ,baumann1 ,bollweiler1 ,alsace1 by ,r4 ,manning1 ,salem1 ,mass41 in #ahcd or #ahce4 ,often called ,early ,seckel in the west4 ,fruit medium or below1 pyriform1 regular in form1 grass-green on the shaded side1 reddish on the exposed face and sprinkled with small gray dots2 flesh greenish-white1 fine1 melting1 rather granular below the core2 juice very abundant1 vinous1 acidulous1 very saccharine1 with a most delicate flavor2 first2 last of ,aug4 ,rote ,hanglbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aif1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small to medium1 spherical2 skin tough1 lemon-yellow when ripe1 no blush1 dotted with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse-grained1 juicy1 subacid2 very good for transportation2 ,nov4 ,rote ,holzbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #aih1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 greenish to citron-yellow1 slightly blushed on the sunny side and densely dotted with cinnamon2 flesh yellowish1 rather coarse-grained1 very juicy1 subacid2 ,oct4 ,rote ,kochbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #bjj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 greatest diameter at center1 flat at base2 skin tough1 rough1 grayish-green1 dull blush on the exposed side2 flesh yellowish-white1 very firm1 juicy1 excessively astringent1 subacid2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,rote ,pilchelbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #eb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear of second quality4 ,fruit fairly large1 pyriform-obtuse1 also conic1 golden yellow when ripe1 red on the sunny side1 plentifully sprinkled with small dots2 flesh yellowish1 coarse-grained1 very juicy1 with subacid flavor2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,rote ,scheibelbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #id1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small to fairly large1 flattened-globular1 symmetrical in outline1 smooth1 polished1 dark green changing to greenish-yellow1 blushed on the sunny side1 densely and finely dotted2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 with an aroma peculiar to itself1 subacid and very juicy2 ,oct4 ,rote ,winawitz4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #bjd1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small to medium1 turbinate to pyriform1 very variable2 skin firm and rough1 yellow when ripe1 without any blush1 dotted with numerous fine1 russet spots2 flesh yellow-white1 coarse-grained1 very juicy1 subacid1 aromatic2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,rotfleischige ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #bbj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 calyx end flat1 leaf-green1 dotted with russet and flecked with red2 flesh under the skin firm but near the core softer1 coarse-grained1 juicy1 subacid2 ,oct4 to mid-,nov4 ,rothbackige ,sommerzuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3di4 #ahef4 ,germany1 #ahja4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 smooth1 pale green turning to shining lemon-yellow1 lightly blushed on the sunny side1 dotted2 flesh rose-tinted1 saccharine1 semi-melting1 granular1 deficient in flavor2 second for dessert1 first for cuisine and market2 ,sept4 ,rothe ,confesselsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ad4 #ahef4 ,german1 published in #agff4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 somewhat swelled1 skin thick1 gray-green with brown russet2 flesh yellowish1 semi-melting1 juicy1 aromatic1 tender2 second for table1 good for culinary use2 ,oct4 ,rothe ,jakobsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dh4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,ger41 #ahjf4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 light green turning yellow-green1 with brownish-red russet2 flesh granular1 agreeable1 sweet2 second for the table1 good for household and market purposes2 ,july4 ,rothe langstielige ,honigbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aa4 #ahef4 ,originated near the ,rhine1 ,ger41 #ahjd4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 ventriculous and bent1 obtuse1 sides unequal1 light green1 changing to dark red with indistinct yellow and light red spots2 flesh tender1 juicy1 aromatic2 second for the table2 good for cooking4 ,rothe oder grosse ,pfalzgrafinbirne4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ech4 #ahag4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fj4 #ahef4 ,germany1 #agig4 ,fruit medium1 conic1 entirely covered with dark blush1 densely sprinkled with gray dots and dark speckles2 flesh yellow-white1 honey-sweet1 semi-melting1 aromatic2 third for the table1 first for kitchen and market2 ,sept4 ,rothe ,rettigbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3cd4 #ahef4 ,altenburg1 ,ger41 #ahba4 ,fruit small1 spherical1 yellow-green1 covered all over with dirty red1 densely dotted and speckled with russet2 flesh whitish-yellow1 granular1 melting1 juicy2 first for table and cuisine2 ,aug4 ,rothe ,winterkappesbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afg4 #ahef4 ,german1 #ahje4 ,fruit medium1 long-turbinate1 often spherical1 flattened and sides unequal1 green turning to lemon-yellow1 firm and shining1 blushed with red1 dotted with gray2 flesh rather white1 coarse-grained1 acidulous2 good for the kitchen2 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,rothe ,winterkochbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aib4 #ahef4 ,germany1 on the ,main1 #ahje4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-conic1 symmetrical in contour1 smooth and shining1 light green turning to a beautiful lemon-yellow1 finely dotted with gray1 flecked with russet on the side opposed to the sun2 flesh coarse1 saccharine1 juicy1 wanting in aroma2 third for dessert1 very good for household use and market2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,rothe ,zucherlachsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3di4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,germany1 #ahje4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-long-conic1 yellowish light green1 dark red blush1 changing to light lemon-yellow with carmine cheek1 mottled and flecked with brown-russet2 flesh semi-melting1 granular1 gritty near core1 very sweet1 vinous and acidulous2 second for the table1 very good for kitchen and market2 ,aug4 ,rother ,winterhasenkopf4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adg4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,ger41 #ahjf4 ,fruit large1 irregular in form1 sides unequal1 crooked1 yellowish pale green turning yellow1 with dark blush1 very prominent brown dots2 flesh breaking1 sweet1 acidulous1 vinous2 third for table1 good for household use2 considered by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis to be analogous to the ,catillac2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,rothgraue ,kirchmessbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aji4 #ahef4 ,hesse1 ,ger41 #ahjd4 ,fruit medium to rather large1 conic1 slightly bossed1 sides unequal2 skin rough and covered with brownish-gray russet1 often faintly blushed2 flesh yellowish-green1 coarse-grained1 sweet1 acidulous and musky2 second for dessert1 first for kitchen2 mid-,sept4 ,rougeaude4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3hh4 #ahca4 ,fruit medium1 pyramidal1 fairly regular1 skin yellowish on the shaded side1 but about three-fourths of the fruit is of a darker or lighter shade of red2 flesh firm1 dry1 with some sweetness but insipid and wanting in flavor2 indifferent2 ,jan4 ,rouget4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ecg4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,baltet ,cult4 ,fr4 #djd1 #dje4 #aijh4 ,the flesh of this small ,french pear becomes red when cooked and the confectioners of ,paris use large quantities of it obtained from the neighborhood of ,etampes4 ,it is also considered a first class pear for perry4 ,roulef4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ag3bib1 fig4 #fhd4 #ahid4 ,raised from seed by ,mr4 ,mitschurin1 ,tambow1 ,russia4 ,fruit medium1 yellow1 firm1 vinous2 good4 ,rouse ,lench4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #afe4 #ahda4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aie4 #aibj4 ,raised by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 and first fruited in #ahbj4 ,in #ahej it was placed on the ,rejected ,fruits list by the second ,congress of ,fruit ,growers at ,new ,york4 ,fruit large1 long-oval1 uneven1 pale yellow-green1 with thin russet2 no depression at base of very long woody stem2 calyx open1 basin shallow2 flesh pale yellow1 juicy2 fair2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,rousselet ,aelens4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3ib1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdd4 #ahfi4 ,a ,belgian pear of unknown origin4 ,fruit small to medium1 turbinate1 obtuse-pyriform1 golden yellow at time of maturity1 faintly colored on the sunny side1 patches of russet1 and dots of grayish red2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sweet and possessing a decided perfume of the ,rousselets2 quality would be first class if the flesh were less granular2 ,nov4 ,rousselet d',anvers4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #eh4 #ahie4 ,a variety raised by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,tree vigorous and fertile1 hardy1 resisted the great ,european frost of #ahgi-ahhj4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 yellowish-green1 slightly tinged with dark red2 flesh semi-fine1 melting1 saccharine and well flavored2 first2 ,oct4 ,rousselet ,baud4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3agg1 fig4 #ahe4 #ahgh4 ,gained by ,dr4 ,van ,mons and mentioned in his ,catalog of #ahbc4 ,fruit small or rather small1 ovate1 more or less swelled1 even in outline2 skin a little thick1 at first water-green with many very numerous and small dots1 sometimes much covered with cinnamon-colored russet1 changing to citron-yellow and the russet becoming golden on the side next the sun2 flesh yellow-white1 rather fine1 dense1 buttery1 melting2 juice sufficient1 richly saccharine and perfumed2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,rousselet ,bivort4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3i1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hde4 #ahfi4 ,raised from a bed of the seeds of ,simon ,bouvier made in the grounds of the ,society ,van ,mons at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,bel41 in #ahdj4 ,fruit small1 turbinate2 skin smooth1 bright green turning to lemon-yellow1 shaded and mottled with russet-fawn especially on the side exposed to the sun1 dotted with brown-black and brown-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 melting1 semi-buttery2 juice abundant1 saccharine and agreeably perfumed recalling the scent of the ,rousselets2 good1 suitable for large collections2 ,oct4 to ,jan4 ,rousselet ,blanc4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3cg1 fig4 #cjg4 #ahhj4 ,raised by ,van ,mons and cataloged by him in #ahbc4 ,fruit rather small1 globular-turbinate1 even in contour1 bright green1 whitish1 a few very small1 bright1 gray dots1 no russet1 at maturity it becomes pale yellow and the side next the sun is blushed extensively with bright blood-red1 a white bloom covering the whole surface of the fruit and numerous very small dots of golden-yellow appearing on the red2 flesh whitish1 rather fine1 semi-buttery2 juice sufficient1 sugary1 vinous1 with the agreeable perfume of the ,rousselets2 first2 ,aug4 ,rousselet de la ,cour4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ehi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,a wilding found on a farm which adjoined ,m4 ,leroy's nurseries of ,la ,cour at ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate1 regular1 acute1 one side usually larger than the other2 skin rough and thick1 bronzed all over and covered with gray or white dots2 flesh white1 fine1 breaking1 watery2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 sourish1 with an agreeable perfume2 second2 end of ,sept4 and beginning of ,oct4 ,rousselet ,decoster4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hde4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,van ,mons4 ,tree of medium vigor but very weak on quince stock4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-ovate1 pale yellow1 mottled with golden-russet and tinted with brownish-red2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 very saccharine1 with the characteristic perfume of the ,rousselets2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,rousselet ,dor d',hiver4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eij1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,origin unknown1 though ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 possessed it about #ahde4 ,fruit below medium1 variable in form1 turbinate1 slightly obtuse1 or turbinate and spherical and nearly always larger on one side than on the other2 skin thick and rough1 shining1 some bright and golden-russet1 some small1 brown and green spots2 flesh whitish1 fine1 semi-melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 vinous1 fairly well perfumed2 second2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,rousselet ,htif4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3adh4 #agfh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdf4 #ahfi4 ,early ,rousselet4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ega4 #ahhd4 ,the origin of this pear is uncertain though it was probably ,french1 for in #afjj it was under cultivation at ,orlans1 ,fr41 according to ,le ,lectier4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 slightly obtuse1 sides often unequal2 skin fine1 lemon-yellow on the shaded side1 and vivid red sprinkled with gray spots on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 semi-breaking and crisp2 juice well perfumed1 saccharine1 abundant and aromatic2 second2 mid-,july4 ,rousselet de ,janvier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eid1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hde4 #ahfi4 ,gained by ,alexandre ,bivort1 director of the nurseries of the ,society ,van ,mons at ,geest-,saint-,rmy1 ,bel41 in #ahdh4 ,fruit medium1 generally regular-ovate2 skin slightly rough1 lemon-yellow in the shade1 washed with red-brown on the other cheek2 flesh yellowish2 very fine1 melting2 juice sufficient and fairly saccharine1 vinous and richly perfumed2 second2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,rousselet ,jaune d't4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3bc1 fig4 #ajh4 #ahgh4 ,gelbe ,sommerrusselet4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #edf4 #ahag4 ,french1 #ahja4 ,fruit small2 skin rough1 almost entirely covered with brilliant red1 densely covered with small gray dots1 scentless2 flesh granular1 melting1 saccharine1 sweet2 second for table1 first for household2 ,sept4 ,rousselet de ,jodoigne4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3fi1 fig4 #dai4 #ahhj4 ,described in #ahgf as a recent gain of ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit small globular-turbinate1 obtuse at apex2 skin rather firm1 bright and vivid green1 sprinkled with numerous very small dots of gray-green1 russeted around the calyx and lower part of the fruit2 flesh white1 tinted with green1 semi-fine1 semi-buttery2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 having the characteristic ,rousselet perfume4 ,rousselet de ,jonghe4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fci4 #ahhd4 ,fruit small1 obovate1 curved1 uneven and irregular in its outline2 skin smooth1 of a uniform lemon2 flesh yellow1 fine-grained1 firm1 melting and juicy1 with a very rich1 sugary flavor2 its delicious flavor compensates for its small size2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,rousselet de ,meestre4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fci4 #ahhd4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform or pyramidal2 skin smooth and shining1 golden yellow1 thickly dotted all over with large brown-russet freckles2 flesh semi-buttery1 firm1 fairly juicy1 and well flavored2 of indifferent quality4 ,rousselet ,panach4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hj4 #ahgf4 ,a variegated variety of ,french origin and new about #ahbe4 ,fruit small1 short-ovate1 greenish-yellow1 with light and dark streakings2 first for dessert and household2 end of ,sept4 ,rousselet de ,pomponne4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3fg1 fig4 #dah4 #ahhj4 ,obtained by ,,mm4 ,pradel1 nurserymen at ,montauban1 ,fr4 ,fruit small1 globular-ovate or nearly globular1 even in outline1 pale green at first1 sprinkled with numerous large1 regularly spaced dots of gray circled with darker green1 changing at maturity to pale yellow and washed on the side opposed to the sun with bright rosy-red on which the dots are blood-red2 flesh white1 semi-breaking2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 with little flavor2 second2 mid-,aug4 ,rousselet ,prcoce4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ah3aea4 #aheb4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ia1 fig4 #dcj4 #ahhj4 ,this is the variety known in ,germany as ,frhe ,geishirtlebirne and must be distinguished from the ,rousselet htif or ,poire de ,chypre of ,duhamel4 ,it was classed in #ahea by ,mr4 ,cabot1 ,president of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society1 among the new or recently introduced fruits4 ,fruit rather small1 pyriform1 regular in contour1 vivid green slightly touched with yellow1 sprinkled with very numerous1 very small1 gray dots1 changing at maturity to lemon-yellow1 preserving sometimes a tone of green1 the side next the sun being washed with blood-red spots having yellow centers2 flesh whitish1 fine1 tender1 semi-buttery1 juicy1 saccharine1 and scented with the perfume of the ,rousselets2 good2 mid-,july4 ,rousselet de ,rheims4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3adg1 ,pl4 ,,xi4 #agfh4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aif4 #aibj4 ,this pear is of very ancient and uncertain origin4 ,many authors have endeavored to trace it back to the days of the ,romans4 ,but ,pliny and the other ,latin horticulturists did not give descriptions of their fruits sufficiently technical to enable us to make identification of their varieties with ours certain4 ,it is1 however1 clear that the ,rousselet de ,rheims has existed1 particularly around the city of ,reims1 ,fr41 for some centuries4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 regular in form1 rarely very obtuse1 bright green or yellow-green1 sprinkled with large and small gray-russet dots and extensively shaded with reddish-brown on the side opposed to the sun2 flesh white1 fine or semi-fine1 almost melting1 not very juicy1 rich in sugar1 acidulous1 refreshing1 highly perfumed2 one of the best early pears for dessert1 very good for candying2 ,sept4 ,rousselet de ,rheims ,panach4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eig1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fci4 #ahhd4 ,a variety similar in all respects to the preceding1 of which it is a bud sport1 except that the leaves and fruit are striped with yellow and green4 ,its propagation antedates #ahcj4 ,rousselet ,royal4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahgf4 ,on trial with ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis1 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 in #ahgf4 ,fruit medium2 first2 ,sept4 ,rousselet ,saint ,nicolas4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #ac1 fig4 #ajc4 #ahff-gc4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,bivort4 ,fruit small1 turbinate-ventriculous1 gray-green tinted with yellow1 sprinkled with large brown or green dots1 numerous and evenly distributed1 changing at maturity to pale yellow1 the side exposed to the sun being washed with brown-red on which are blackish-red dots2 flesh yellowish1 very fine1 melting1 rather gritty at the center1 full of sweet juice1 saccharine1 agreeably perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,rousselet ,saint-,quentin4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ec1 fig4 #ejg4 #ahha4 ,de ,quentin4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fce4 #ahhd4 ,gained by ,m4 ,van ,dooren1 a former director of the middle school at ,namur1 ,bel4 ,fruit small or medium on a pruned tree1 globular-ovate or globular-conic1 symmetrical in its contour1 somber green sprinkled with large1 widely spaced gray dots1 changing to yellow1 and well colored with brownish-red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 slightly greenish1 fine1 buttery2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 having the characteristic perfume of the ,rousselets2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,rousselet ,saint ,vincent4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af #bif4 #ahej4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eih1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the origin of this pear is uncertain4 ,it seems probable to ,leroy that it was raised by ,van ,mons4 ,in this country it was placed on the ,rejected ,list by the second ,congress of ,fruit ,growers at ,new ,york in #ahej4 ,fruit above medium1 globular-ovate1 irregular in outline especially at the summit1 bright yellow1 dotted with russet2 flesh white1 fine1 juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 of a delicate flavor though not recalling in the least that of the ,rousselets2 first2 ,oct4 ,rousselet de ,stuttgardt4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fci4 #ahhd4 ,des ,chevriers de ,stuttgardt4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #a3eeh1 fig4 #ahfg4 ,stuttgarter ,geisshirtel4 #c4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bhi4 #ahha4 ,it is said that this was a wilding found by a shepherd in the neighborhood of ,stuttgart1 ,ger41 before #aggi4 ,fruit below medium1 pyriform1 fine1 tender1 at first dark water-green sprinkled with very numerous large dots of a darker shade1 changing to yellow-green1 tinged on the side next the sun with brownish-red on which the dots become yellow2 the surface is covered with a characteristic sort of grayish-white bloom which passes to a rosy-violet on the bright parts2 flesh greenish1 not very fine but tender1 buttery1 sufficiently juicy1 aromatic2 first2 ,aug4 ,rousselet ,thaon4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3gc1 fig4 #bbi4 #ahgi4 ,the ,bulletin of the ,van ,mons ,society appears to indicate that ,rousselet ,thaon was a gain of ,m4 ,bivort4 ,fruit small1 short-turbinate1 symmetrical in outline2 skin thick1 firm1 bright green dotted with darker green changing to pale yellow1 the side next the sun being more golden and washed with brown-red on fruits well exposed2 flesh white1 coarse1 semi-buttery2 juice moderate in amount but saccharine and perfumed with musk2 second2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,rousselet ,theuss4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3cg1 fig4 #ag4 #ahff-gc4 ,in his abridged descriptive ,catalog published at ,louvain in #ahbc ,van ,mons stated that the ,rousselet ,theuss was raised by him4 ,fruit small or nearly medium1 ovate-turbinate2 skin rather thick and firm1 at first bright water-green1 sprinkled with gray-green dots turning pale yellow and encrimsoned on the side next the sun1 sometimes very vividly on well-exposed fruits2 flesh white1 slightly yellow under the skin1 semi-fine1 melting1 full of saccharine juice1 acidulous1 well perfumed with the characteristic ,rousselet scent2 owing to its excellence and beauty this pear deserves a place in the fruit garden as well as in the large orchard2 ,aug4 ,rousselet ,vanderwecken4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3da1 fig4 #ahee4 ,raised by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,tree pyramidal1 of good vigor1 very productive4 ,fruit small1 turbinate to ovoid1 yellow2 stem short1 curved1 rather thick2 calyx large for the size of the fruit1 open2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 very sweet1 musky1 strongly aromatic2 first2 ,nov4 ,rousseline4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aec1 ,pl4 ,,xv4 #agfh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdg4 #ahfi4 ,merlet1 the ,french pomologist1 writing in #afge appears to have been the first to describe this pear and he said it was well named ,rousseline being so similar to ,rousselet in the buttery character of its flesh and its extraordinarily musky flavor4 ,fruit below medium1 pyriform inclining to obovate1 swollen in the middle and narrowing obtusely toward the calyx and more acutely toward the stalk1 dull green dotted with brown scales and partly covered with large russet stains intermingled with gray mottlings2 flesh white1 fine1 semi-melting1 some grit around the center2 juice rarely abundant1 highly saccharine1 vinous and musky2 second2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,rousselon4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fja1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdg4 #ahfi4 ,this variety was gained by ,major ,espren of ,mechlin1 ,bel42 it fruited for the first time in #ahdf4 ,fruit medium and above1 ovate1 much swelled in its lower part and contracted near its summit2 skin very shining1 yellow-ochre1 dotted with gray-russet1 stained with the same at either extremity and carmined on the cheek touched by the sun2 flesh yellow-white1 semi-fine1 semi-breaking1 granular around the core2 juice rather deficient1 saccharine1 sweet1 more or less perfumed1 rather delicate2 second2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,roux ,carcas4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ee4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fjb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this pear bears the name of a nurseryman at ,carcassone1 ,aude1 ,fr41 who raised it in #ahfc4 ,fruit below medium or small1 globular1 flattened at both poles and often slightly bossed1 yellow-green dotted with small gray points1 slightly marbled with russet2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 gritty at center2 juice abundant1 musky1 and saccharine1 possessing a rather astringent after-taste2 second2 end of ,aug4 ,rov4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hc4 #ahie4 ,a perry pear which originated in the neighborhood of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 and is in much request there4 ,fruit rather large1 orange-yellow1 well colored with red2 flesh breaking1 juicy1 saccharine1 of an agreeable flavor2 of first quality for perry and for cooking and also rather good to eat2 end of winter and spring4 ,rowling4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,the ,rowling peare is a good peare1 but hard1 and not good before it bee a little rowled or bruised1 to make it eate the more mellow4 ,royal4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdg4 #ahfi4 ,raised from seed by ,thomas ,r4 ,peck1 ,waterloo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit medium1 globular-pyriform1 yellow largely covered with thin crimson on the side next the sun1 sprinkled with brown and russet dots2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly aromatic2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,royal d',hiver4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aia1 ,pl4 ,,xxxv4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdj4 #ahhd4 ,the origin of the ,royal d',hiver is uncertain4 ,in #agjd ,le ,gentil1 director of the orchard at the ,chartreux ,convent of ,paris1 said that it was a new pear and had been brought from ,constantinople for the ,king 7,louis ,,xiv74 ,the ,turkish origin of the pear1 however1 was probably based on not much more than hearsay4 ,fruit large1 turbinate-obtuse1 bossed2 skin fine1 dull lemon-yellow1 washed with orange-red on the side next the sun1 dotted and marbled with fawn2 flesh yellow-white1 fine1 melting or semi-melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 sweet and having a pleasant1 musky flavor2 good2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,royale ,vende4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fjg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,count ,eugene of ,nouhes obtained this variety from seed at la ,cacaudire1 in the commune of ,pouzauges1 ,vende1 ,fr41 in #ahfj4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate1 bossed2 skin rough1 dark yellowish-green1 lightly marbled with gray and bright fawn2 flesh citrine1 fine1 very melting and juicy1 with a saccharine1 sprightly flavor and delicate perfume2 very good2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,ruhschiebler4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #if1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit small to medium1 globular-turbinate1 yellow-green1 with large and small russet dots2 flesh coarse1 juicy1 with a strong acid taste2 good for transportation2 end of ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,rummelter ,birne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aic4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ih1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown extensively in ,austria and ,germany4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-oblate1 light green1 heavily sprinkled with gray dots1 turning orange-yellow1 with russet on the exposed side2 flesh white1 very coarse1 subacid2 end of ,sept4 to ,nov4 ,runde gelbe ,honigbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afb4 #ahef4 ,saxony1 #ahjd4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-oblate1 light green turning white and straw color with a vivid light blush1 fine light brown dots2 flesh yellow-white1 coarse-grained1 gritty near center1 astringent1 honey-sweet2 very good for household use and perry2 end of ,sept4 for three or four weeks4 ,runde ,sommerpomeranzenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aej4 #ahef4 ,trieste1 ,austria1 #ahje4 ,fruit small1 globular-ovate1 flattened1 sides unequal1 yellowish light green turning to light lemon-yellow tinged with green and often slightly blushed with dull red2 flesh semi-melting1 aromatic2 first for dessert1 household and market2 beginning of ,sept4 for fourteen days4 ,russbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agc4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 ,ger41 #ahjc4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 variable in form2 skin rough1 almost entirely covered with cinnamon-russet1 often with light brown blush2 flesh whitish1 coarse-grained1 saccharine1 breaking1 juicy2 third for the table1 first for household2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,russelet ,petit4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #acb1 ,pl4 ,,lxiv4 #agbi4 ,fruit small1 pyramidal1 irregular2 stem set on one side obliquely2 late ,aug4 ,russet ,bartlett4 ,about #ahic ,robert ,mc,hinds1 ,clarksville1 ,n4 ,y41 planted #gjj ,bartlett pear trees4 ,when these trees came into bearing1 one was found to produce russet-colored fruits1 whence the name ,russet ,bartlett4 ,the tree is an exact counterpart of ,bartlett in manner of growth and the fruit differs from ,bartlett only in the russet skin4 ,it is1 therefore1 not improbable that the variety is a bud sport of ,bartlett4 ,russet ,catherine4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,the ,russet ,catherine is a very good middle sized peare4 ,rylsk4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #bg3bib4 #ahid4 ,russian4 ,fruit medium yellow2 flesh breaking1 sweet2 very late4 ,s4 ,t4 ,wright4 #a4 ,garden #ff3bii1 fig4 #aijd4 ,this ,english pear raised by ,messrs4 ,veitch1 was introduced in #aijd at the ,royal ,horticultural ,society's fruit show in ,london4 ,it is the product of ,beurr ,bachelier and ,bartlett4 ,fruit medium1 oblate-pyriform1 rather swelled2 skin rich golden2 of good flavor2 ,oct4 ,sabine4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3faj1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the parent tree of this variety was acquired by ,van ,mons from a garden at ,schaerbeek1 ,bel41 and ripened its fruit first in #ahag4 ,fruit medium1 sometimes irregular-conic1 sometimes ovate-pyriform and often rather deformed in contour2 skin rather rough1 bright green1 dotted uniformly with dark gray changing to lemon-yellow1 washed with thin yet vivid crimson2 flesh white tinted with yellow1 fine1 melting1 rather gritty around the core1 full of sweet juice and delicately perfumed2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,sabine d't4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cdh4 #ahca4 ,raised in #ahai by ,m4 ,stoffels of ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,fruit pyramidal1 broadest at the base and tapering to a round1 blunt point at the stalk2 skin smooth and even1 yellow on the shaded side1 and of a fine scarlet1 minutely dotted when exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 highly perfumed2 ,aug4 ,sacandaga4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdi4 #ahfi4 ,the parent tree was found on the farm of ,william ,van ,vranken1 ,edinburgh1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit small1 nearly globular1 pale greenish-yellow1 shaded with brownish-crimson1 and netted and dotted with russet2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 rich1 slightly perfumed2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,schsische ,glockenbirne4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #acj4 #ahbe4 ,saxony4 ,first published in #ahaf4 ,fruit medium1 spherical1 light citron-yellow turning golden yellow1 blushed2 flesh firm1 coarse-grained1 sweet and musky2 third for dessert1 good for kitchen purposes2 ,oct4 ,schsische ,lange ,grne ,winterbirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bgd4 #ahhi4 ,longue ,verte d',hiver4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3acg1 fig4 #edi4 #ahha4 ,a pear of ,german origin and cultivated especially in ,thuringia and ,saxony4 ,fruit medium or nearly medium1 conic-pyriform1 water-green1 sown with dots of a darker green1 passing to greenish-white or yellowish-white at maturity2 flesh white1 rather fine1 semi-melting1 full of sweet1 saccharine juice but without any appreciable perfume2 good2 autumn and early winter4 ,safran4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3faa1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,an old ,french pear known in the seventeenth century as the ,saffran d',hyver4 ,fruit medium and sometimes less1 variable in form1 usually ovate1 very globular and irregular or slightly long-conic2 skin rather rough1 saffron-yellow1 shaded with gray1 dotted1 veined and marked with brown-russet2 flesh yellowish1 semi-melting1 and semi-fine1 granular2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 acidulous1 with a perfume resembling that of fennel rather than of musk2 third2 ,oct4 to ,jan4 ,saint ,andr4 #a4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3gi1 fig4 #ahea4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fac1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the origin of this pear is unascertainable but it was introduced to this country by ,r4 ,manning1 ,salem1 ,mass41 who imported cions of it from ,messrs4 ,baumann1 nurserymen1 ,bollwiller1 ,fr4 7,bollweiler1 ,alsace71 in #ahcd or #ahce4 ,fruit medium or below1 ovate1 rather symmetrical1 bossed and sometimes a little ventriculated in its lower half2 skin fine and smooth1 yellow-green1 dotted and streaked with gray1 very rarely colored on the cheek next the sun2 flesh greenish-white1 fine and most melting1 extremely juicy1 sweet1 saccharine1 slightly vinous1 delicate and highly perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,saint ,andrew4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #aca4 #agbi4 ,described in #agbi as one of the best pears in ,england4 ,fruit large1 oblong1 very obtuse1 greatest diameter two-thirds down toward the base1 diminished only slightly toward the stem2 ,sept4 ,saint ,aubin sur ,riga4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3dfa4 #ahee4 ,a ,new ,jersey pear of much excellence either as a wall or standard4 ,fruit large2 flesh melting1 tender1 of rich flavor2 excellent2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,saint-,augustin4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bcj1 ,pl4 ,,lviii1 fig4 #c4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fad1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,an old ,french pear published in #afej by ,mnage4 ,fruit below medium1 pyriform-ovate1 rather regular in form1 slightly obtuse1 dirty yellow1 dotted with gray1 stained with fawn around both poles and sometimes slightly clouded with brown-red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 breaking2 juice rather wanting1 sweet1 saccharine1 slightly musky and pleasant2 second2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,saint ,denis4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdi4 #ahfi4 ,fruit small1 turbinate and uneven in its outline1 pale yellow1 with a crimson cheek and thickly dotted with crimson dots2 flesh semi-melting1 very juicy and sweet1 with a fine aroma2 good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,saint ,dorothe4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3aaj4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hdi4 #ahfi4 ,a variety received in this country from ,france and fruited here for the first time in #ahdg4 ,fruit large1 fusiform or spindle-shaped1 bright lemon-yellow2 flesh fine1 buttery1 with a saccharine1 sprightly and highly perfumed flavor2 good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,saint ,franois4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3faf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,until #afge when ,merlet described it this variety was little known and he then called it de ,grillon or ,bonne-,amet but in #afij on re-printing and completing his work he spoke of it as the ,saint ,franois4 ,fruit above medium and sometimes very large1 long-conic1 slightly obtuse and bossed1 one side more swelled than the other1 dull greenish-yellow1 finely dotted with brown1 widely stained with fawn around the stem and more or less flecked with the same and slightly carmined on the side of the sun2 flesh white1 extremely fine1 semi-breaking1 rarely gritty2 juice scanty and wanting in sugar1 musky1 delicate in flavor2 third for eating raw1 first for cooking2 mid-,nov4 to end of ,jan4 ,saint ,gallus ,weinbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aid4 #ahef4 ,germany1 on the ,rhine1 ,wrttemberg and ,baden4 ,first published in #ahcj4 ,fruit small1 apple-shaped1 often flat-turbinate1 medium swelled1 uneven2 skin very firm1 green1 almost entirely covered with a dark1 dirty red blush1 scarcely dotted at all2 good for household use and perry2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,saint ,george4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fag1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the ,saint ,george was described by ,diel1 ,stuttgart1 ,ger41 in #ahab1 as a ,french pear originated on the ,moselle4 ,fruit above medium and often larger1 very long and always variable1 often of ,calebasse form1 obtuse and contorted1 sometimes ovate and regular in outline2 skin thin1 rough1 greenish1 much stained with gray around the calyx and covered with large brown dots and scaly patches of russet2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acid and vinous1 pleasantly perfumed2 first2 mid-,sept4 ,saint ,germain4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bbe1 ,pl4 ,,lii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aif4 #aibj4 ,merlet1 the ,french pomologist1 wrote in #afhj that this pear originated from a wilding on the banks of the ,fare1 a little river in the parish of ,saint ,germain d',are4 ,fruit medium or large1 long-pyriform1 slightly swelled1 often irregular in contour2 skin rather thick and rough1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet1 slightly golden on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 very melting1 very juicy1 rich in sugar with an agreeable1 perfumed flavor2 very good1 but is gritty and worthless if grown on cold1 moist soil2 ,nov4 to ,mar4 ,saint ,germain ,gris4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fbc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,found by ,m4 ,prvost1 long president of the ,horticultural ,society of ,seine-,infrieure1 ,fr41 in the ancient garden of the ,friars of ,saint-,ouen1 at ,rouen1 about the year #ahjd4 ,fruit medium to large1 long-ovate1 irregular in its upper part and often bossed and elevated more on one side of the stalk than on the other1 grayish-green dotted with brown2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 melting1 saccharine1 juicy1 slightly acidulous1 with a deliciously scented flavor2 first2 mid-,dec4 and ,jan4 ,saint ,germain ,panach4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fbe4 #ahfi4 ,this variegated variety of ,saint ,germain is of ,french origin2 the date of its publication is about #ahai4 ,fruit simply a variegated form of the ,saint ,germain1 covered with rather large bands of bright yellow sometimes extending from stem to calyx4 ,saint ,germain de ,pepins4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hej4 #ahfi4 ,foreign4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit medium1 nearly globular or obovate1 slightly pyriform1 pale yellow1 lightly shaded or mottled with crimson in the sun1 netted and patched with russet and thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 flesh yellowish1 coarse and gritty1 with a hard core2 good2 ,feb4 ,saint ,germain ,puvis4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fbe1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,pariset1 ,curciat-,dongalon1 ,fr41 obtained this variety in #ahdb4 ,fruit above medium1 long-conic1 obtuse1 irregular1 much bossed1 grass-green1 clouded with olive-yellow1 sprinkled with small gray dots2 flesh whitish1 semi-fine1 watery and melting1 almost free from granulations2 juice rather deficient1 saccharine1 acidulous1 agreeable2 second2 end of ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,saint ,germain du ,tilloy4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fbf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the origin of this pear is unknown though ,leroy thought that its name indicated origin in the ,department of the ,nord where it formerly existed in important nurseries and where are two towns bearing the name ,tilloy4 ,fruit medium and above1 long-conic or cylindrical-conic1 very obtuse1 rather variable1 golden-yellow1 clouded with olive-yellow1 covered with gray dots and speckles1 always rather squamose1 more or less washed with cinnamon-russet on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 gritty at center2 juice abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 aromatic2 first2 mid-,oct4 to end of ,nov4 ,saint ,germain ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fbh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,van ,mons ,hermannsbirne4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fj4 #ahef4 ,the parent tree of this variety was a seedling raised by ,van ,mons at ,brussels which fruited for the first time in #ahai4 ,fruit rather above medium or medium1 obovate-pyriform1 one side habitually more swelled than the other1 yellow-ochre1 sprinkled with numerous gray and green dots2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 very granular at the core2 juice rarely abundant1 sugary1 acidulous1 rather savory2 second2 ,oct4 ,saint ,ghislain4 #a4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3de1 fig4 #ahea4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fbi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this pear was raised at the village of ,jammapes1 ,hainaut1 ,bel41 by ,m4 ,dorlain and was propagated by ,van ,mons and others4 ,fruit medium2 form irregular1 globular gourd-shaped and swelled in its lower part or elongated gourd-shaped and sometimes regular-turbinate1 always1 however1 diminishing acutely to the stalk2 skin rather thick and rough1 grass-green1 covered all over with large gray dots and shaded with dull red on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 fine or semi-fine1 melting or semi-melting1 watery2 juice very saccharine1 vinous1 with a delicious perfume and an after-taste of musk2 first2 end of ,aug4 ,saint ,herblain d',hiver4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3adg1 fig4 #gd4 #ahgb4 ,the ,saint ,herblain d',hiver was propagated by ,m4 ,bruneau1 a nurseryman1 ,nantes1 ,fr41 where it was raised1 cultivated and much appreciated4 ,fruit medium1 conic-ovate1 usually symmetrical in outline2 skin rather thick and firm1 at first bright green sprinkled with brown dots very regularly spaced and prominent1 changing to citron-yellow with the side next the sun a little golden2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 dense1 semi-breaking1 full of sweet juice1 saccharine1 refreshing1 more tender when eaten at its extreme maturity2 a good winter1 cooking pear2 end of winter4 ,saint ,lzin4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fcb1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdb4 #ahhd4 ,first among ,french pomologists to mention it was ,claude ,saint-tienne1 in #afgj4 ,fruit large to very large1 pyriform but variable1 green clouded with pale yellow1 dotted with small gray specks2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 semi-breaking2 juice plentiful1 but deficient in sugar and without perfume2 second for dessert1 but good for stewing2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,saint ,louis4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fcd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,found in the ancient fruit garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,angers1 ,fr41 and without any record of origin4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular-ovate1 somewhat bossed1 yellow-ochre all over1 sprinkled with dots and very small specks of fawn1 more or less carmined on the face turned to the sun2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 semi-melting2 juice abundant1 rather saccharine1 sweetish1 without any appreciable perfume2 third2 latter part of ,aug4 ,saint ,luc4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3bi1 fig4 #die4 #ahha4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit rather small1 ovate-pyriform1 symmetrical in contour1 having its largest diameter somewhat below the center2 skin rather thick though tender1 at first pale water-green1 with dots of green-gray1 changing at maturity to pale golden-yellow1 tinged with very light red on the cheek opposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 buttery2 juice fairly abundant1 very saccharine and slightly perfumed2 good2 ,aug4 ,saint ,luke4 #a4 ,garden #ff3cje4 #aijd4 ,introduced by ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth1 ,eng41 about #aijj4 ,at the ,royal ,horticultural ,society's show of hardy fruits at ,westminister in #aijd it was regarded as a valuable introduction1 able to compete with the best1 owing to its rich mellow flavor and melting flesh1 and perfect shape and finish4 ,fruit rough1 russety1 deep cinnamon-brown with green patches2 flesh melting1 juicy1 rich1 sweet2 ,oct4 ,saint ,menin4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bb3bca1 fig4 #af4 #ahef4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3ahg1 fig4 #ib4 #ahff-gc4 ,omer-,pacha4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ba3hg4 #ahee4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3dgh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,received in ,america from ,leroy about #ahee under the name ,omer-,pacha4 ,it was known1 however1 as early as #ahdf in this country under the name of ,saint ,menin4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate-obtuse1 pale yellow1 slightly brown in the sun1 netted and patched with russet1 and thickly dotted with conspicuous russet dots2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 vinous1 with a delicate aroma2 first2 ,sept4 ,st4 ,michel ,archange4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #a3,no4 #da1 ,pl4 #da4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cbd4 #ahff4 ,a ,french pear originated in the neighborhood of ,nantes in the middle of the last century4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 turbinate but irregular in form1 sometimes obovate1 sometimes long-pyriform2 skin fine1 smooth1 greenish-yellow1 much dotted with gray-russet1 washed with orange-red on the side next the sun2 flesh yellow-white1 fine1 melting1 very juicy1 tender1 agreeably perfumed2 very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,saint ,patrick4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahff4 ,raised from seed by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 and fruited in #ahfc4 ,fruit1 diameter #b-a_/b inches1 short-pyriform1 green1 with dots and some blush2 keeps well1 and ripens perfectly1 with a pleasant flavor2 ,feb4 #ae4 ,saint ,pre4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fch1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,poire de ,saint ,pre4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hb1 #bec4 #ahie4 ,the origin of ,saint ,pre is ancient and indeterminate4 ,without accepting the doubtful synonyms of ,bugiada d',hiver des ,italiens and ,brute-,bonne de ,rome which have been applied to it1 we may judge from its name1 ,holy ,father1 that it came from ,italy4 ,fruit above medium and often larger1 sometimes conic-pyriform and sometimes ovate-pyriform1 but irregular in outline1 yellow1 much mottled with gray-russet1 sprinkled with very many and rather large brown dots2 flesh white1 coarse1 watery1 semi-breaking1 juicy1 wanting in sugar1 often acrid1 without perfume2 first for cooking purposes2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,st4 ,swithin4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #ce3adi1 fig4 #bj4 #ahgh4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aif4 #aibj4 ,raised by ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth ,nurseries1 ,eng41 from seed of ,calebasse ,tougard4 ,fruit below medium1 obovate or pyriform2 skin smooth1 grass-green1 thickly dotted and mottled with russet and sometimes with a faint blush on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 with a greenish tinge1 tender1 juicy and sweet1 with a fine1 brisk flavor2 good1 superior to ,doyenne d't2 ,july and ,aug4 ,saint ,vincent de ,paul4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fda1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hea4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,flon-,grolleau1 a nurseryman1 ,angers1 ,fr41 obtained this pear which was first tasted when ripe in mid-,january1 #ahec4 ,fruit above medium1 regular-obtuse-turbinate1 meadow-green1 sprinkled with yellow dots and russet1 washed with fawn around the stem and on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 breaking and gritty1 juicy1 having little sugar1 rather astringent and without perfume2 third for dessert1 second for cooking2 ,oct4 ,sainte ,anne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ii4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,joanon at ,saint-,cyr near ,lyons1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium1 oval1 rounded at either end1 greenish-yellow1 washed with rose on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 rather fine1 buttery1 very juicy1 melting1 saccharine2 matures after ,beurr ,giffard1 about the beginning of ,aug4 ,sainte ,thrse4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fdb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,it first fruited in #ahfc4 ,fruit medium and often larger1 ovate1 irregular and rather long1 always larger on one side than on the other1 water-green1 dotted and mottled with russet and stained with patches of fawn2 flesh white1 fine1 melting2 juice very abundant1 very saccharine1 perfumed and possessing an agreeably acid flavor2 latter half of ,oct4 ,salisbury4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #eda4 #aheg4 ,a native of western ,new ,york4 ,fruit depressed-pyriform2 skin rough1 somewhat covered with russet and thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 flesh coarse2 of only moderate quality2 ,oct4 ,salviati4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3acg1 ,pl4 ,,ix4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdc4 #ahhd4 ,merlet1 ,french pomologist1 described this pear in ,l',abrg des bon fruits in #afge4 ,fruit below medium to medium2 form variable from obtuse-turbinate to slightly long ovate-turbinate2 skin thin1 wax-yellow1 dotted with greenish spots1 sometimes much stained with scaly russet and sometimes tinted with reddish-brown on the side touched by the sun2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 semi-melting1 gritty at the center2 juice scanty1 rather saccharine1 sweet1 but with a strong and disagreeable odor of musk2 third2 ,sept4 ,salzburger von ,adlitz4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ad4 #ahef4 ,a pear much esteemed in ,bavaria1 ,wrttemberg1 and ,upper ,austria4 ,fruit nearly medium1 short-conic1 even in outline1 greenish-yellow1 handsomely blushed1 densely dotted with fine points2 skin without scent2 flesh mild1 tender1 melting2 first for dessert1 especially good for household and market2 beginning of ,sept4 ,sam ,brown4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app4 #acd1 fig4 #ahgb4 ,originated with ,samuel ,brown1 ,junior1 ,walnut ,hills1 ,md4 ,exhibited at ,philadelphia in #ahfi4 ,fruit full medium size or under1 globular1 obtuse-pyriform1 a little uneven1 pale yellow partly covered with thin russet1 resembling ,brown ,beurr somewhat in appearance and very much in flavor1 sometimes rather brownish in the sun2 flesh white1 a little coarse1 melting1 juicy1 vinous and rich2 very good1 nearly best2 ,sept4 ,samenlose4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #chb4 #ahhe4 ,a ,russian pear from the province of ,vilna1 which seems to be a near relative of the ,bessemianka1 but differs in expression of tree4 ,fruit above medium1 of ,bergamot type and good in quality4 ,sanguine d',italie4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fdg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,imported into ,france about the beginning of the last century4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate and regular1 rather obtuse1 grass-green1 dotted with gray on the shaded side and with yellow-red on the sun-exposed side2 flesh breaking1 gritty1 coarse1 dull yellow1 veined with red especially about the core where the yellow almost entirely disappears under the blood-red2 juice never abundant1 saccharine1 sweet1 without much perfume2 third2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,sanguinole4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hea4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aig4 #aibj4 ,sanguine de ,france4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fde1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,this old pear is of consequence only on account of the color of its flesh4 ,according to ,claude ,mollet1 #ahaj1 it was imported to ,france from ,switzerland4 ,it was known in ,germany in #aejj4 ,fruit below medium or small1 variable in form1 turbinate-obtuse1 or globular1 bossed2 skin rather thick and rough1 green dotted with gray and red1 sprinkled with streaks and patches of russet1 and sometimes slightly carmined on the face exposed to the sun2 flesh transparent1 red1 semi-fine1 semi-breaking1 juicy1 saccharine1 acidulous1 more or less musky1 agreeable2 second1 sometimes third1 the flesh decomposing rapidly2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,sanguinole de ,belgique4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #heb4 #ahfi4 ,belgische ,blutbirne4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3fg4 #ahef4 ,raised by ,m4 ,berckmans1 a ,belgian nurseryman who came to the ,united ,states but also maintained the original establishment1 where this seedling was produced in #ahea4 ,it is of interest only on account of its rose-tinted flesh4 ,fruit medium1 long-ovate1 vivid yellow1 blushed and dotted with red1 with some brown-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 tinted with red1 semi-melting1 saccharine and highly aromatic2 second for the table2 ,oct4 and early ,nov4 ,sans-,pareille du ,nord4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fdh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,unvergleichliche4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bia4 #ahhi4 ,a ,french variety described first in #ahdg4 ,its origin is unknown4 ,fruit large and sometimes very large1 very long1 cylindrical and contorted1 often slightly constricted in the middle like ,calebasse2 skin thin1 lemon-yellow1 sprinkled with large gray dots1 some fine patches of fawn1 more or less tinted with vivid rose on the face opposed to the sun2 flesh very white1 semi-breaking and semi-fine2 juice never abundant1 sweetish1 rather saccharine1 wanting in perfume1 but yet having a slight characteristic flavor2 third for dessert1 first for compotes2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,sans ,peau4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aej1 ,pl4 ,,xiii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdd4 #ahhd4 ,skinless4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hef4 #ahfi4 ,of ancient and uncertain origin2 the first certain ,french description was written by ,la ,quintinye in #afij4 ,fruit below medium or small1 ovate1 more or less long but always regular2 skin exceedingly thin1 and slightly rough to the touch1 yellow-white1 sprinkled with dots of darker green and often washed with pale rose on the sun-exposed side on which the dots are gray2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 melting1 watery2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 acidulous1 feebly perfumed2 second2 ,aug4 ,santa ,anna4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahie4 ,originated in ,santa ,anna1 ,california4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 yellow-russeted2 flesh tough1 highly perfumed2 first2 season late4 ,santa ,claus4 #a4 ,garden #fg3ag1 #ce4 #aije4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aig4 #aibj4 ,colonel ,brymer1 ,dorchester1 ,eng41 introduced this pear to the notice of the ,royal ,horticultural ,society in #aije explaining that the parent tree had come originally from ,belgium some thirty years previously4 ,fruit medium1 conical1 slightly pyriform1 fairly even1 slightly rough1 dull brown-red1 practically covered with russet2 stem long1 slender2 calyx partially open1 in an even basin2 flesh pale yellowish1 melting1 deliciously flavored2 ,dec4 ,santa ,rosa4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fh4 #ahie4 ,originated in ,california4 ,fruit large1 pyriform2 flesh buttery1 vinous2 mid-season4 ,sapieganka4 #a4 ,mont4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ef1 fig4 #ahha-b4 #b4 ,cal4 ,com4 ,hort4 ,pear ,grow4 ,cal4 #g3,no4 #e1 #agi4 #aiad4 ,bergamotte ,sapieganka4 #c4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hc4 #ahhb4 ,originated in northern ,poland and introduced into this country in #ahgi4 ,there is a suspicion that it may be the ,bergamotte d't renamed after a ,polish nobleman4 ,it has been found tender in ,manitoba and the ,northwest1 but perfectly hardy at ,ottawa and in ,muskoka4 ,fruit medium1 oblate1 often somewhat flattened1 brownish-yellow1 with brownish-red in the sun1 with numerous small dots2 flesh white1 coarse1 somewhat firm and juicy2 poor quality both for dessert and cooking1 third for market2 ,aug4 ,sarah4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cg4 #ahfg4 ,raised by ,thaddeus ,clapp of ,dorchester1 ,mass4 ,it was exhibited at the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society's rooms in #ahfg4 ,fruit medium size1 globular-obovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 partially netted and patched with russet1 and thickly sprinkled with brown dots2 flesh white1 fine1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 rich1 aromatic2 very good2 ,oct4 ,sarrasin4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bdi4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdd4 #ahhd4 ,duhamel du ,monceau was the first writer to mention this pear1 the origin of which is unknown4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 more or less obtuse and elongated1 dull yellow1 slightly greenish1 dotted all over with bright russet1 seldom mottled but amply washed with rose on the cheek exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-breaking2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 having a taste of anis2 second as a fruit to eat raw1 first for compotes2 ,duhamel terms it the longest keeping of all pears2 ,mar4 to ,june4 ,sary-,birne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ef4 #ahef4 ,published in ,germany in #ahea4 ,also known as ,sary ,armud and the ,turkish ,musk ,summer ,pear4 ,fruit small1 ventriculous-conic1 often somewhat bossed1 greenish-yellow turning yellow1 seldom blushed1 dotted with fine russet points2 flesh very sweet1 semi-melting1 granular1 without any particular aroma2 second for table1 good for kitchen and market2 ,aug4 ,suerliche ,margarethenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afe4 #ahef4 ,marguerite-,acidule4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3dc1 fig4 #bb4 #ahgb4 ,obtained by ,diel in the neighborhood of ,nassau1 ,ger4 ,fruit small1 usually globular-turbinate and sometimes ovate-pyriform1 yellowish light green changing to pale light yellow1 often blushed with brownish-red on the side of the sun1 on which are numerous dots2 flesh granular1 white1 semi-melting2 juice sufficient1 moderately sweet1 refreshing2 third2 end of ,july4 ,schellesbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agb4 #ahef4 ,wrttemberg1 ,ger4 ,first published in #ahcj4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 rather bossed and unequal-sided2 skin testaceous1 light green turning to yellow-green1 light blood-red marblings1 sprinkled with dark1 grayish-green1 round dots2 third for the table2 good for perry2 beginning of ,oct4 ,schmalblttrige ,schneebirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aii4 #ahef4 ,germany1 #ahji4 ,fruit grows in bunches1 small1 spherical2 skin thick1 yellow-green1 dotted and speckled with brown2 flesh coarse2 third2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,schmotzbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #acf1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear known under many names in different parts of ,austria4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-ovate1 often turbinate1 smooth1 yellow when ripe1 thickly dotted with russet2 flesh yellow-white1 coarse-grained1 very juicy1 subacid2 ,oct4 ,schnackenburger ,winterbirne4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cch4 #ahha4 ,published in ,germany4 ,fruit rather large1 flattened1 globular-yellow washed with brownish-red2 flesh breaking2 a cooking pear2 winter4 ,schberlbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ajj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 ,bergamot-form to short-turbinate1 light green turning to greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet2 flesh very white1 rather coarse1 very juicy1 subacid2 mid-,oct4 to ,dec4 ,schne ,mllerin4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agc4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,ger41 published in #ahje4 ,fruit very small1 turbinate1 or blunt-conic1 grass-green turning to yellow-green1 often with dark red blush and having brown dots changing to green1 light brown-russet markings2 flesh fine-grained1 with sweet1 cinnamon flavor1 breaking and juicy2 third for dessert1 very good for household2 end of ,sept4 to beginning of ,oct4 for five to six weeks4 ,schnebeck ,tafelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ej4 #ahef4 ,germany1 on the ,rhine1 #ahaf4 ,fruit small1 conic2 skin polished1 greenish-yellow turning to lemon-yellow1 blushed with red1 heavily dotted with green2 flesh marrowy1 acid1 vinous2 second for the table1 good for household and market2 beginning of ,sept4 for two weeks4 ,schnerts ,omsewitzer ,schmalzbirne4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #ajh4 #ahbe4 ,fondante de ,schnert4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3bbc1 fig4 #aaj4 #ahff-gc4 ,according to ,diel this pear was raised at the village of ,omsewitz1 near ,dresden1 by a farmer named ,schnert4 ,fruit hardly medium1 long-conic-pyriform1 its greatest diameter being below its center2 skin rather thick and firm1 pale green changing to very pale yellow1 without any blush1 sprinkled with small gray-green dots2 flesh white1 fine1 rather firm yet melting1 full of saccharine juice1 acidulous1 refreshing1 and delicately perfumed2 first for household2 ,sept4 ,schnlin ,stuttgarter spte ,winterbutterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3acc4 #ahef4 ,raised from seed at ,wrttemberg1 ,ger41 and first published in #ahbe4 ,fruit large1 oblong1 slightly bossed1 light green turning lemon-yellow1 red dots1 marked with russet1 thick-skinned2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 aromatic and excellent in flavor2 first for dessert1 household and market2 ,feb4 to ,apr4 ,schuman4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #heb4 #ahfi4 ,a native of ,bucks ,county1 ,pa4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate1 pale yellow1 tinted with red on the cheek next the sun2 flesh coarse1 pasty2 poor2 ,sept4 ,schwarze ,birne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agj4 #ahef4 ,saxony4 ,first published in #ahjd4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 grass-green turning yellowish1 almost entirely covered with dark russet1 often blushed with dirty brown red on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 breaking1 aromatic1 sweet and vinous2 first for household purposes2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,schweizer ,wasserbirne4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cch4 #ahha4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #bjf1 fig4 #aiac4 ,weingifterin4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3afb4 #ahef4 ,used in ,austria and ,switzerland for the making of perry4 ,fruit rather large1 very globular1 somewhat flattened at both poles2 skin fairly rough1 green-yellow1 tinged with dull washed-out red1 numerous dots and flecks of russet over the whole fruit2 late ,sept4 to mid-,oct4 for four weeks4 ,sdegnata4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fec1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,major ,espren1 the ,belgian pomologist1 raised this pear from seed1 but at what date appears to be unknown4 ,fruit long-ovate1 irregular and bossed2 skin rather rough1 greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet and changing to meadow-green on the side exposed to the sun1 marbled with gray-russet2 flesh white1 fine or semi-fine1 juicy1 dense although very melting1 rather granular at the core2 juice extremely abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 with a characteristic flavor1 deliciously perfumed2 first2 ,aug4 ,seal4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #heb4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,pennsylvania4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular1 pale yellow1 lightly shaded with crimson in the sun and thickly sprinkled with green and russet dots2 flesh white1 coarse1 moderately juicy1 melting1 slightly astringent2 good2 end of ,aug4 ,sbastien4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3aha1 fig4 #egc4 #ahha4 ,raised by ,m4 ,pariset1 ,ain1 ,fr41 in #aheb1 and first published in #ahfg4 ,fruit medium1 cylindrical-ovate1 even in its outline2 skin rather thin but firm1 at first intensely green1 sprinkled with brown dots1 large and prominent1 changing to a brighter green at maturity with russet coloring on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 slightly tinted with green1 especially under the skin1 very fine1 entirely melting1 full of sweet juice1 saccharine1 with an agreeable perfume2 first2 ,dec4 ,sebastopol4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fee1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #heb4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,minot1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 obtained ,sebastopol1 which ripened for the first time in #aheh4 ,fruit below medium1 ovate-turbinate1 symmetrical1 green tinted with dull yellow1 dotted with brown and mottled with russet2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 semi-melting and watery1 having some grit around the core1 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 rarely much perfumed2 second2 mid-,aug4 ,seckel ,seedling ,no4 #a4 #a4 ,iowa ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aca4 #aiae4 ,mentioned in a report of the ,supervising ,committee of the ,iowa ,horticultural ,society as a valuable seedling raised by ,charles ,g4 ,patten4 ,the fruit is larger than the old ,seckel1 of excellent quality1 and the tree is vigorous1 hardy and free from blight4 ,secrtaire ,marschal4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bha4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ii4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr42 published in #ahhf4 ,fruit medium1 resembling ,beurr ,clairgeau2 flesh very fine1 juicy1 perfumed2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,secrtaire ,rodin4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bha4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ii4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,it was first published in #ahha4 ,fruit medium to large recalling in appearance the ,duchesse d',angoulme2 flesh yellow1 vinous1 of an agreeable perfume and distinctive flavor2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,seigneur ,daras4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ii4 #ahie4 ,tree very fertile1 not very vigorous and best cultivated on wild stock4 ,fruit medium1 of the form of the ,doyenn2 flesh fine1 juicy1 saccharine1 perfumed2 ,oct4 ,seigneur d't4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cdh4 #ahca4 ,an old ,flemish pear sent to ,england by ,m4 ,stoffels of ,mechlin and exhibited by the ,horticultural ,society of ,london in #ahai4 ,fruit above medium1 obtuse-oval2 skin fine orange1 with bright scarlet on the sunny side1 sprinkled with small brown spots and partially marked with larger ones of the same color2 flesh melting1 with an extremely small core1 and a rich1 highly flavored juice2 beginning and middle of ,sept4 ,selleck4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hed4 #ahfi4 ,the origin of ,selleck is unknown4 ,some thirty years ago the oldest known bearing tree of the variety was standing on the grounds of ,columbus ,selleck1 ,sudbury1 ,vermont1 and was then still healthy and very productive4 ,fruit large1 obovate-obtuse-pyriform1 surface uneven2 skin a fine yellow1 with a crimson cheek and thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 flesh white1 a little coarse1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 aromatic2 good to very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,semis d',echasserie4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3ahh1 fig4 #ehj4 #ahha4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,pariset1 ,ain1 ,fr41 from a seed bed made in #ahdj4 ,it was first published in #ahfb4 ,fruit below medium1 globular-ovate1 symmetrical in contour2 skin rather thick and rough to the touch1 yellow-green passing to bright yellow at maturity1 tinged with earthy-red on fruits well exposed to the sun2 flesh a little coarse1 semi-breaking1 rather full of saccharine juice1 slightly gritty about the core1 insufficiently perfumed2 second2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,semis ,lon ,leclerc4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3agc1 fig4 #bgi4 #ahgi4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,bivort from ,belgium about the year #ahei4 ,fruit small or nearly medium on a well-pruned tree1 ovate1 often ventriculous1 symmetrical in its contour2 skin thin1 smooth1 green sprinkled with dots of darker green1 changing at maturity to whitish-yellow1 rather deeper on the side next the sun1 sometimes washed with light red on which the dots are grayish or yellow2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting1 full of saccharine juice and pleasantly perfumed2 good for its season2 beginning of ,aug4 ,snateur ,prfet4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,published in ,france by ,m4 ,boisbunel4 ,tree vigorous and very fertile4 ,fruit medium or large1 oval-pyriform2 flesh white1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 saccharine1 vinous2 first2 ,march to ,may4 ,snateur ,vaisse4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3,no4 #afi1 ,pl4 #afi4 #ahfg4 ,m4 ,lagrange1 a nurseryman of ,lyons1 ,fr41 grew this pear from seed in #ahfa4 ,tree pyramidal1 rather vigorous1 productive4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate1 pale yellow1 with a rosy tint on the sunny side2 flesh crisp1 juicy1 very sweet1 slightly gritty2 good2 ,sept4 ,seneca4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahie4 ,a wildling found by ,james ,payne and nurtured by ,a4 ,c4 ,clark1 both of ,tyre1 ,n4 ,y41 and reported as about twelve years old in #ahif4 ,similar to ,bartlett but of higher quality1 better color1 and later season4 ,fruit large1 obovate-pyriform1 light yellow1 with blushed cheek1 green mottling and black dots on shady side2 flesh white1 vinous1 sprightly2 very good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,senfbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahc4 #ahef4 ,hanover4 ,first published in #aheb4 ,fruit medium1 ventriculous and conic1 often somewhat turbinate1 unattractive green turning yellowish1 often darkly blushed1 spotted2 flesh rather coarse1 fairly juicy1 sweet2 first for household use2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 for six weeks4 ,seringe4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ajde4 #ahff4 ,m4 ,nrard1 a nurseryman at ,lyons1 ,fr41 obtained ,seringe1 which was published first in #ahfd4 ,fruit medium1 oval1 inclining to obovate1 a little depressed at the ends2 skin citron or pale yellow1 smooth1 with some russet specks2 flesh white1 very melting and sugary2 ,aug4 ,serrurier4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #edc4 #aheg4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ffj4 #ahfi4 ,van ,mons obtained this variety from seed at ,louvain1 ,bel41 about #ahbe4 ,fruit large2 form rather inconstant1 passing from irregular ovate1 swelled and much bossed1 to ovate more or less globular1 and mammillate at the summit2 skin thick1 olive-yellow1 closely dotted with gray1 stained with fawn around the calyx and touched with some brown-russet and occasionally vermilioned on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh whitish1 melting or semi-melting1 juicy1 vinous and saccharine1 possessing a tartish flavor and a particularly pleasant aroma2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,seutin4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hed4 #ahfi4 ,poire ,seutin4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3adc1 fig4 #cfj4 #ahhj4 ,according to ,bivort the pear ,seutin was obtained by ,m4 ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform1 more or less long1 sometimes symmetrical1 sometimes rather angular in its contour2 skin thick1 firm1 at first bright green sprinkled with dots of green-gray1 changing to lemon-yellow tinged with golden-russet on the side next the sun2 flesh whitish1 rather fine1 gritty at the center1 semi-buttery1 fairly juicy1 sweet1 and delicately perfumed2 winter4 ,sha ,lea4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cjc4 #ahgi4 #b4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhe4 #aiac4 ,chinese ,sand4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hea4 #ahfi4 ,a ,chinese sand pear imported from ,china by ,wm4 ,r4 ,prince1 ,flushing1 ,n4 ,y4 about #ahbj4 ,fruit medium1 globular-pyriform1 dull yellow1 covered with a rough1 sandy-like russet2 flesh firm1 moderately juicy2 cooks well and acquires a fine flavor2 ,sept4 ,shawmut4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #be3bji1 fig4 #ad4 #ahei4 ,originated with ,francis ,dana1 ,roxbury1 ,mass4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 regular2 skin fair1 nearly smooth1 dull yellow at maturity1 dotted with large1 round1 russet specks1 most numerous on the sunny side2 flesh yellowish1 coarse1 melting1 very juicy1 rich1 vinous1 sprightly1 with a pleasant musky perfume2 ,oct4 ,shenandoah4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass4 ,it fruited first in #ahfb4 ,fruit ,skin yellow2 flesh fine-grained and sweet1 keeps well1 and is a good market pear2 pyriform4 ,sheppard4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hee4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,james ,sheppard1 ,dorchester1 ,mass4 ,fruit large1 obovate-pyriform2 skin rough1 yellow1 sometimes with a brownish-red cheek1 slightly sprinkled with russet dots and with some patches of russet2 flesh whitish1 coarse and granular1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 vinous1 perfumed2 good to very good2 end of ,sept4 and first of ,oct4 ,sheridan4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass4 ,fruited in #ahfd4 ,short diam4 #c inches2 long diam4 #c-a_/b inches2 good grain1 juicy1 rather vinous in flavor2 color dark green2 ripens soundly4 ,large bearer1 and good market pear4 ,turbinate4 ,shindel4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahig4 ,this pear has been locally grown about ,emigsville1 ,pa41 since the early part of the last century1 and up to #ahig was reported never to have been affected with blight4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obovate2 skin rather smooth1 lemon-yellow1 with thin golden-russet patches and veining2 flesh whitish1 rather fine1 granular1 moderately juicy1 mild1 sugary1 moderately rich2 good2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,shobden ,court4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdf4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,president of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london4 ,fruit below medium1 oblate1 symmetrical in form1 deep rich yellow1 blushed with red on the side next the sun1 sprinkled all over with rough1 russety dots2 flesh white1 coarse-grained1 juicy1 briskly acid and sweet1 not highly flavored2 second2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,shurtleff4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass4 ,fruited in #ahfc4 ,short diam4 #b-a_/b inches2 long diam4 #c inches2 flesh rather dry1 and firm2 skin yellow with red cheek2 keeps soundly without extra care until ,may4 ,a most prolific bearer4 ,short pyriform4 ,sieboldii4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aae4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhe4 #aiac4 ,japan4 ,sieboldii is a variety distinct from ,madame von ,siebold and was described by ,messrs4 ,simon-,louis of ,metz1 ,lorraine1 as follows3 ,medium to large pyriform with elongated tendency1 angled and irregular2 444 color slightly red on sunny side1 grayish in shade2 flesh white1 breaking1 sweet1 perfumed2 cannot be eaten raw with pleasure4 ,sievenicher ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #bjh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear grown in ,austria and ,germany4 ,fruit medium to fairly large1 globular1 short1 diminishing somewhat acutely to the stalk2 yellow-green1 blushed with brown2 flesh coarse1 subacid and dry2 end of ,sept4 and beginning of ,oct4 ,sikaya4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhe4 #aiac4 ,an ,oriental variety4 ,fruit medium to small1 oblate1 symmetrical1 buff1 russeted2 skin tough1 almost covered with large russet dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse1 poor1 insipid1 subacid1 melting1 gritty2 late4 ,simon ,bouvier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fff1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdf4 #ahhd4 ,souvenir de ,simon ,bouvier4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh1 #cje4 #ahgf4 ,raised by ,simon ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 symmetrical1 ovate1 always swelled toward the base1 green shaded with dull yellow1 dotted and stained with russet2 flesh whitish1 fine1 juicy and melting1 almost free from granulations2 juice extremely abundant and saccharine1 very acidulous1 highly perfumed1 having an after taste of musky-anis which adds to its delicacy2 first2 ,sept4 ,sinai'sche ,buschelbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aih4 #ahef4 ,mount ,sinai1 ,persia1 #ahae4 ,fruit very small1 globular1 flattened1 greenish1 blushed1 very finely dotted2 flesh hard1 coarse-grained1 juiceless1 sour1 but sweet when ripe2 third2 winter4 ,sinclair4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gd4 #ahef4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdf4 #ahhd4 ,raised by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit large and handsome1 long-turbinate1 very wide at the base and tapering abruptly by deep concave curves to a narrow point near the stalk1 even and symmetrical in shape1 smooth1 fine1 clear lemon-yellow1 with a faint blush of red next the sun2 flesh fine-grained1 buttery1 melting1 very juicy and sweet1 with a rich1 vinous flavor and a slight musky perfume2 very good for dessert and also for household and market purposes2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,sirningers ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #baj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium to large1 long-conic2 skin firm1 green turning yellowish-russet2 flesh greenish-white1 very firm1 rather acid flavor2 ,oct4 ,slavonische ,wasserbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahc4 #ahef4 ,originated at ,siebenbrgen1 ,ger4 ,first published in #ahea4 ,fruit below medium1 ventriculous-conic1 green turning greenish-yellow1 with light brown wash on the sunny side2 flesh coarse1 saccharine1 firm1 very juicy and sweet2 third for the table1 first for household use2 beginning of ,sept4 ,slutsk4 #a4 ,ragan ,nom4 ,pear1 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #abf3bca4 #aijh4 ,originated in ,minsk1 ,russia1 and received in this country about #ahij4 ,fruit large1 symmetrical1 roundish-obtuse-pyriform1 yellow1 largely overspread with bright red and thickly sprinkled with brown dots2 stem long1 slender1 in a deep cavity2 calyx open2 flesh moderately juicy1 somewhat astringent1 not sugary2 good2 ,oct4 ,smet ,fils ,unique4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajf4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 ,doyenn in form2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy2 first2 end of autumn4 ,smith4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhe1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an oriental variety or hybrid1 very similar to ,le ,conte but blooms later4 ,fruit medium to large1 oval1 truncate at basin end2 skin yellowish-green1 smooth1 with patches of russet2 flesh white1 firm1 insipid1 dry1 mealy2 poor2 ,oct4 ,smith ,beauty4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhe4 #aiac4 ,an oriental hybrid1 similar to ,le ,conte1 with no blush1 shorter than ,dewey4 ,variety name has been listed as ,smith's ,winter ,beauty4 ,smith ,duchess4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aja4 #ahhc4 ,an ,american hybrid of the ,chinese ,sand ,pear4 ,snow4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #adi4 #ahgc4 ,originated with ,suel ,foster1 ,muscatine1 ,ia4 ,reported in #ahgc as better than ,vicar except for size and keeping4 ,its flesh is very white2 valuable for cooking4 ,soeur ,grgoire4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ffg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,xavier ,grgoire1 the well-known ,belgian seedsman1 ,jodoigne1 ,brabant1 obtained this variety4 ,it bore its first fruit in #aheh4 ,fruit large1 in form variable from irregular long gourd-shaped to long-cylindrical1 usually rather bossed2 skin thick and rough1 yellow-ochre1 dotted and stained with gray-russet and shaded with dark red on the cheek next the sun2 flesh yellowish1 semi-fine1 melting1 granular at the core2 juice rarely abundant but very aromatic1 saccharine and with a delicate flavor2 first when sufficiently juicy1 otherwise second2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,soldat ,bouvier4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3cg1 fig4 #baa4 #ahgi4 ,raised by ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit nearly medium1 globular-conic1 regular in outline2 skin rather firm1 at first a dark green1 sprinkled with dots of a darker shade1 brightening to yellowish at maturity and extensively colored with blood-red on the cheek next the sun2 flesh whitish1 rather fine1 buttery1 melting2 juice sufficient1 saccharine and delicately perfumed2 good to first2 ,sept4 ,soldat ,laboureur4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3ca1 fig4 #ahee4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aih4 #aibj4 ,soldat ,laboureur was obtained from a seed bed made about #ahbj by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium to large1 ovate-pyriform or turbinate1 bossed2 skin smooth1 rather thick1 bright green passing to golden-yellow when perfectly ripe1 dotted and shaded with fawn2 flesh yellowish-white1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 perfumed1 and1 on land suiting it1 very vinous2 very good1 highest quality2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,sommer-,russelet4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3df4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 #ahjg4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 light yellow1 blushed all over2 flesh breaking1 juicy1 with a flavor of cinnamon2 second for table1 first for household and market2 beginning of ,aug4 ,sommer-,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ec4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 ,ger4 ,published in #agih4 ,fruit medium1 long-pyriform1 obtuse1 yellowish-green turning a lighter tint at maturity1 with dark blush on the side of the sun and yellow dots which turn green2 flesh yellowish-white1 breaking1 saccharine2 second for dessert and good for household and market purposes2 ,aug4 ,sommeralantbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ad4 #ahef4 ,poire d',aune d't4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3gg1 fig4 #cbg4 #ahhj4 ,upper ,hesse1 ,prussia2 first published in #ahjb4 ,fruit medium1 long-conic2 skin fine1 light green turning yellowish1 with dark red blush and very fine dots2 wanting in juice1 buttery1 mild and tender1 aromatic2 first for table1 household and market2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,sommerknigin4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aji4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,ger42 published in #ahjd4 ,fruit above medium1 obtuse-conic1 inclined to one side at the top1 yellowish-green turning to light yellow1 with a pale blush1 greenish dots and flecked with russet2 flesh white1 juicy1 buttery1 melting and full of flavor2 ,sept4 ,sommerwachsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ej4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,ger42 published in #ahje4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 symmetrical2 skin smooth1 straw-white turning to a waxy light yellow1 with often a faint blush1 light green dots turning red1 without scent2 flesh semi-melting1 very juicy and saccharine2 third for table1 good for household purposes2 first of ,sept4 ,sophie de l',ukraine4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdg4 #ahhd4 ,fruits rather large1 obovate1 even and regular1 in shape rather resembling ,white ,doyenn2 pale yellow1 covered with minute dots on the shaded side and with a tinge of warm orange on the side opposed to the sun2 flesh neither melting nor juicy1 only sweet2 an inferior pear2 soon becomes soft2 ,nov4 ,sotschnaja4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahhj4 ,a northern ,european variety reported by ,j4 ,l4 ,budd as imported by him and on trial at the ,iowa ,state ,college4 ,shows marked traces of the ,chinese forms of the pear in shape1 serration1 thickness and size of leaf4 ,the wood is gritty and thorn-like and unites very imperfectly with the apple4 ,soueraigne4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,the ,soueraigne peare1 that which ,i have seene and taste1 and so termed unto me1 was a small brownish yellow peare1 but of a most dainty taste2 but some doe take a kind of ,bon ,chretien1 called the ,elizabeth peare1 to be the ,soueraigne2 how truly let others judge4 ,soutmann4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3acj4 #ahef4 ,holland1 #ahba4 ,fruit medium1 globular-oblong1 light green turning to yellowish-green1 without any blush1 small brown dots2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 and with a sweet aromatic flavor of cinnamon2 very good dessert fruit2 ,dec4 ,souvenir de l',abb ,lefebvre4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,tree of moderate vigor1 fertile and adapts itself to all forms of growth4 ,fruit medium in size2 flesh very fine1 perfumed and excellent2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,souvenir de du ,breuil ,pre4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3,no4 #aei1 ,pl4 #aei4 #ahfg4 ,poire du ,breuil ,pre4 #b4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bjb4 #ahhi4 ,obtained from a bed of seeds of ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey made by ,a4 du ,breuil1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 in #ahdj4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 sub-spherical1 more often inclined by the oblique truncation of its wide top2 skin very fine1 yellow at maturity1 much mottled and dotted with bright russet all over1 the russet becoming purple on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 melting1 very juicy1 saccharine1 pleasantly perfumed and sprightly2 excellent2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,souvenir ,deschamps4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ahb4 #ahia4 #b4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #i3eg4 #ahia4 ,described in #ahia as a newly introduced seedling raised in the ,state ,school of ,horticulture1 ,ghent1 ,bel4 ,fruit large1 elongated1 like ,calebasse in form1 sometimes spindle-form and straight1 slightly constricted about the middle1 greenish-yellow1 marked with brown spots2 flesh yellowish1 delicate1 melting1 juicy1 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,souvenir ,dsir ,gilain4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajh4 #ahgf4 ,stated in a ,bulletin of the ,society ,van ,mons to have been a gain of ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 ovate-pyriform1 symmetrical in outline1 having its greatest diameter well below the centre2 skin rather firm1 pale green1 sown with dots of darker green1 turning pale yellow when ripe1 rather golden on the side next the sun and touched with a tinge of red2 flesh white1 fine1 breaking1 juicy1 saccharine1 vinous1 with a flavor difficult to describe2 ,aug4 ,souvenir d',espren de ,berckmans4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3aea1 fig4 #agb4 #ahgh4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,berckmans at his establishment in this country and should not be confounded with the ,souvenir d',espren raised by ,m4 ,bivort4 ,fruit medium or rather large1 conic-pyriform1 often a little irregular in contour2 skin fine1 thin1 water-green1 sprinkled with large brown dots1 both numerous and prominent and patches of russet1 changing to lemon-yellow at maturity1 the russet becoming golden2 flesh white1 a little tinted with yellow1 rather fine1 buttery1 melting2 juice sufficient in amount and highly saccharine and perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,souvenir ,favre4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3fe1 fig4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bnd ,app4 #acd4 #ahgb4 ,originated by ,m4 ,favre1 ,chalons1 ,fr41 from seed of ,glou ,morceau planted in #ahej4 ,fruit medium to below1 conic-pyriform1 pale yellow1 dotted with many brown and green dots2 stem short1 rather stout1 in a slight cavity2 calyx open2 basin small1 uneven1 slightly russeted2 flesh whitish1 slightly coarse1 half-melting1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,souvenir de ,gate4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fga1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,m4 ,ruill de ,beauchamp obtained the ,souvenir de ,gate from seed of the ,beurr de l',assomption4 ,it received the recommendation of the pomological committee of the ,horticultural ,society of ,paris4 ,fruit above medium and sometimes large1 irregular-turbinate or ovate1 mammillate at the top and ventriculated at the middle1 bright yellow1 finely dotted and streaked with fawn and extensively washed with tender rose on the cheek opposed to the sun2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting and free from granulations2 juice very abundant1 saccharine1 refreshing and vinous with a characteristic perfume and flavor2 first2 ,oct4 ,souvenir de ,julia4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #fj4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin of ,antwerp1 ,bel4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 whitish-yellow1 blushed with rose2 flesh fine1 semi-melting1 saccharine1 juicy2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,souvenir de ,leroux-,durand4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bhe4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahie4 ,published in ,germany in #ahgi4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit large or very large1 oblong1 bright yellow1 stained with golden-russet2 flesh very melting1 vinous1 highly saccharine and very agreeably perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,souvenir de ,lydie4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #eh4 #ahie4 ,a ,belgian variety disseminated by ,daras de ,naghin of ,antwerp4 ,fruit rather large1 ,doyenn in form1 greenish-yellow2 flesh semi-fine1 melting1 highly saccharine2 first2 ,oct4 ,souvenir de ,madame ,charles4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bhe4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahie4 ,raised by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 from seed of ,serrurier4 ,tree vigorous1 fertile and suitable for all forms of cultivation4 ,fruit medium to large1 having the form of the ,passe ,colmar1 gray2 flesh very fine1 melting1 saccharine and perfumed2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,souvenir de la ,reine des ,belges4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fgc1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #heg4 #ahfi4 ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 obtained this pear in #ahee4 ,fruit above medium1 turbinate1 rather obtuse1 ventriculous and symmetrical in its lower part and much contorted and bossed in its upper1 pale yellow1 dotted with gray1 mottled with russet1 especially over the side exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish1 rather coarse1 melting1 juicy1 gritty at the core2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 slightly acidulous1 with a delicate flavor and aroma2 first and often second when the fruit is devoid of perfume2 ,oct4 ,souvenir de ,renault ,pre4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cig1 fig4 #abf4 #ahic4 ,m4 ,renault1 ,bulgnville1 ,vosges1 ,fr41 observed that the lower branches of an ,easter ,beurr produced foliage variegated with white while the remainder were of a beautiful green4 ,grafts from the variegated branches in due course perpetuated the variegation and produced a fruit similar to that of ,easter ,beurr but with the skin striped longitudinally from pole to pole1 the variegation being more or less distinct according to the season and the vigor of the tree4 ,fruit large1 obovate2 skin hard to the touch1 green turning to a golden yellow at maturity1 variegated2 flesh very white1 fine1 rather melting1 fairly juicy1 highly saccharine1 rather gritty around the center2 a good dessert pear2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,souvenir de ,sannier pre4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahie4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,tree moderately vigorous4 ,fruit medium1 dark yellow1 tinted with rose2 first2 ,oct4 ,souvenir de ,simon ,bouvier4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fgd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 and first reported in #ahdf4 ,fruit below medium1 turbinate1 even in outline1 rather swelled in all the lower part and somewhat obtuse at the summit2 color pale yellow1 dotted with gray and green1 stained with brown-fawn and vermilioned on the cheek opposed to the sun2 flesh white1 juicy1 semi-fine and semi-melting2 juice very abundant1 vinous1 saccharine and strongly musky2 second2 ,oct4 ,souvenir du ,vnrable de la ,salle4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bcf4 #ahhf4 ,said to have been originated by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,tree of good vigor1 medium productive4 ,fruit medium1 resembling ,bon-,chrtien d',hiver in form2 flesh fine1 melting1 sweet2 of first quality2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,souveraine de ,printemps4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #edd4 #aheg4 ,of foreign origin4 ,fruit medium1 oblate1 obscurely pyriform1 angular1 yellow1 sprinkled with russet2 flesh white1 melting1 coarse1 granular1 juicy1 somewhat astringent1 with a brisk vinous flavor2 ,mar4 ,spae4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fgf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,spae1 ,ghent1 ,bel41 and was propagated in #ahfa4 ,fruit above medium1 long-turbinate1 obtuse1 rather contorted at the base and always having one side larger than the other1 dull yellow1 shaded with bright green1 dotted1 with more or less brown-russet on the cheek next the sun2 flesh semi-fine or semi-breaking1 white1 juicy1 sweet1 saccharine1 rather deficient in perfume but delicate2 second2 ,oct4 ,spte ,rotbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ed1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit medium to large1 pyriform1 dull green changing to greenish-yellow with widely spread dark blush1 thickly speckled with whitish dots2 flesh white1 fine1 aromatic2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,spte ,sommerbirne ohne ,schale4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ch4 #ahef4 ,holland1 #ahjf4 ,fruit very small1 conic but variable1 even sides2 skin tender1 greenish-yellow turning lemon-yellow1 densely sprinkled with dark green dots2 flesh very juicy1 coarse1 melting2 second for dessert1 first for household2 mid-,aug4 ,spte ,todemannsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adf4 #ahef4 ,nassau1 ,ger41 #ahjf4 ,fruit large1 shallow-bossed1 sides unequal1 pyriform1 light green turning to light lemon-yellow1 often blushed1 dotted1 often speckled with russet and russeted on the side next the sun2 flesh breaking1 wanting in juice2 third for dessert1 very good for household2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,spte ,wasserbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aid4 #ahef4 ,wrttemberg1 ,ger41 #ahcj4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 rather obtuse1 light green turning dirty pale yellow1 dull red blush1 large gray dots2 flesh firm1 very juicy1 tasteless2 good for household purposes and perry2 ,sept4 ,sptes ,graumnchen4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #bia4 #ahha4 ,bohemia4 ,fruit small1 obtuse-pyriform1 green changing at maturity to yellowish-green1 very much russeted2 flesh fine-grained1 semi-melting1 aromatic1 cinnamon savor1 sugary2 good table fruit2 ,oct4 to ,jan4 ,speckbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ach1 fig4 #aiac4 ,an ,austrian perry pear4 ,fruit large1 turbinate2 skin smooth1 light leaf-green turning to dull greenish-yellow at maturity1 dotted with russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 very juicy1 subacid1 rather coarse-grained2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,speedwell4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahff4 ,a seedling raised and fruited in #ahfc by ,dr4 ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass4 ,fruit1 ,short diam4 #b-a_/d inches1 long diam4 #c inches2 color green2 flesh melting1 juicy1 with rich flavor2 ripens soundly ,sept4 #a2 quality fine2 obovate4 ,spillingsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aej4 #ahef4 ,germany1 #ahjf4 ,fruit small1 globular-turbinate1 even in contour1 pale green changing to light lemon-yellow1 more golden on the side of the sun1 with light green dots2 flesh snow-white1 breaking and coarse-grained1 vinous1 acidulous and saccharine2 second for dessert1 first for household2 ,aug4 ,spindelfrmige ,honigbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adc4 #ahef4 ,grown in the middle ,rhine country1 ,germany4 ,fruit medium1 long-conic1 regular1 greenish-yellow1 entirely covered with cinnamon-russet2 flesh breaking and coarse1 often semi-melting1 saccharine and musky2 very good for household use2 ,sept4 ,spindelfrmige ,rehbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3acb4 #ahef4 ,westphalia1 #ahbh4 ,fruit large1 oblong1 shallow-bossed2 skin rough1 light cinnamon-russet all over1 dotted with whitish-gray2 flesh granular1 aromatic1 with sweet wine flavor2 first for table and household use2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,spinka4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3hi1 fig4 #dbi4 #ahhj4 ,origin uncertain1 though ,oberdieck thought it came originally from ,bohemia4 ,fruit nearly medium1 ovate1 more or less shortened2 skin thick and very firm1 pale water-green1 taking a white tint long before maturity1 sprinkled with brown dots1 changing to pale yellow and the side next the sun more or less warmly golden2 flesh yellow-tinted1 fine1 semi-buttery2 juice sufficient1 saccharine and agreeably perfumed2 fairly good2 ,sept4 ,spreeuw4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fgf4 #ahfi4 ,a rather worthless pear raised by ,van ,mons at ,brussels which gave its first fruit in #ahae4 ,fruit small1 globular-ovate1 green turning yellow1 dotted with yellowish-red and blushed2 flesh greenish-white1 rather gritty1 saccharine2 in ,germany is reckoned as second for dessert and first for household purposes2 in ,france it appears to possess little merit2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,star of ,bethlehem4 #a4 ,horticulturist #bd3ccd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated at ,bethlehem1 ,pa41 and described in #ahfi as a new variety4 ,tree resembles a persimmon tree with a low and spreading habit2 branches never upright1 very enduring and able to bear heavy weights2 very productive and regular in bearing4 ,fruit very large1 similar in form to the ,beurr d',anjou1 obovate-pyriform-obtuse1 regular2 skin smooth1 deep yellow1 slightly russeted1 with a handsome red cheek on the side exposed to the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 somewhat coarse1 buttery1 melting1 fine1 sweet1 rich and excellent flavor2 highly spoken of at the time2 ,sept4 ,steinbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ef1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear found in ,austria and ,switzerland4 ,fruit medium1 globular-pyriform1 greenish changing to yellowish-green when ripe1 on the sun-exposed side washed with dull red1 speckled with russet spots2 flesh granular1 firm2 good for transportation2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,steinmitz ,catharine4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #heh4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,pennsylvania4 ,fruit small to medium1 oblong-pyriform1 greenish1 with a tinge of brown in the sun2 flesh white1 moderately juicy1 semi-melting1 vinous2 good2 ,sept4 ,stevens ,genesee4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,bk4 #aeg4 #ahdi4 ,originated on the farm of ,m4 ,f4 ,stevens1 ,lima1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fruit large1 globular-obovate1 yellow2 flesh white1 tender1 rather buttery1 of a rich1 excellent1 aromatic flavor2 good to very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 but in some districts as early as ,aug4 ,sterling4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3ddc1 #ddd1 fig4 #cf4 #ahdg4 ,raised by a ,mr4 ,sterling in the neighborhood of ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y41 from seed brought from ,connecticut about #ahbh4 ,fruit medium1 almost spherical1 slightly oval1 yellow1 with occasionally a few small patches of russet and on the sun-exposed cheek a mottled crimson blush2 flesh rather coarse1 juicy1 melting1 with a saccharine1 brisk flavor2 very good2 ,sept4 ,stone4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bd1 fig4 #ahdc4 ,grew in the garden of a ,mr4 ,stone1 ,cincinnati1 ,o41 and named in his honor4 ,fruit large1 broad-pyriform1 sides uneven1 globular toward lower end and gradually diminishing toward the stem2 bright yellow at maturity with a bright red cheek next the sun1 beautifully intermixed with yellow streaks and specks2 flesh white1 somewhat buttery1 rather melting1 slightly astringent2 ,aug4 ,stout4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #ci4 #ahie4 ,originated at ,monrovia1 ,ind41 about #ahdj4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 green changing to yellow2 flesh buttery1 melting1 juicy1 subacid2 very good2 mid-season4 ,strassburger ,sommerbergamotte4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dj4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 #agff4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 medium ventriculous1 greenish-yellow turning yellowish-white at maturity1 with rather grayish spots2 flesh semi-melting1 very white1 sweet1 acid1 aromatic2 first for household use and market2 ,aug4 ,stribling4 #a4 ,s4 ,c4 ,sta4 ,rpt4 #af4 #aiad4 ,a seedling believed to be of ,french origin brought to notice in #aiab by ,j4 ,c4 ,stribling1 ,pendleton1 ,s4 ,c4 ,considered likely to prove one of the most valuable pears for the ,south because blight resistant4 ,fruit large1 cordate1 sides unequal1 base rounded1 apex flattened1 light yellow1 almost entirely covered with light russet2 skin smooth1 thin1 tough1 sprinkled with numerous light russet dots1 indistinct1 large at base1 smaller and more numerous at apex2 flesh coarse-grained1 very juicy1 slightly subacid1 peculiar pineapple flavor with after nutty effect1 rich1 distinctive aroma2 fair quality2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,stmplerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aij4 #ahef4 ,supposed to have originated on the shores of ,lake ,constance between ,germany and ,switzerland4 ,it was first published in #ahje4 ,fruit small1 oval1 green changing to light yellow1 almost covered with cinnamon-russet2 flesh yellowish1 dry1 becoming mealy1 without much flavor2 good for kitchen use2 ,aug4 ,sturges4 ,originated with ,mrs4 ,mary ,s4 ,sturges1 ,baker1 ,ore41 about #aije4 ,fruit medium to large1 obtuse-obovate-pyriform2 stem short1 thick1 set in a very shallow1 narrow1 russeted cavity2 calyx small1 partly open1 set in a shallow but broad basin2 color dull green1 considerably mottled with patches and flecks of russet2 dots small1 conspicuous2 flesh yellowish1 slightly granular1 tender1 juicy1 good2 ,sept4 ,styer4 #a4 ,horticulturist #h3ca1 #cb1 fig4 #ahec4 ,originated about #ahcg with ,charles ,styer1 ,white ,plain township1 ,montgomery ,county1 ,pa4 ,fruit medium1 globular1 green changing to yellow1 with many russet dots and markings2 flesh yellowish-white1 somewhat gritty at the core1 buttery1 melting2 exceedingly rich and perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,styrian4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #e3bfg1 fig4 #ahfc4 ,beurr ,keele ,hall4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #hg4 #ahie4 ,received in ,england by the ,horticultural ,society from ,m4 ,bosc of ,paris about #ahbd4 ,fruit large1 long-obovate or pyriform1 fairly even and regular in outline2 skin even and shining1 of a clear lemon-yellow1 with a bright vermilion cheek next the sun1 appearing as if varnished2 flesh yellowish1 very fine-grained1 tender1 buttery1 melting and extremely juicy1 sweet1 brisk and having a fine flavor of vanilla2 a first-rate and delicious dessert fruit2 ,oct4 ,sucr-,vert4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3ahi4 ,pl4 ,,xxxiv4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fgg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdi4 #ahhd4 ,said to have come from ,barmont1 a chateau situated on the border of ,burgundy4 ,it was well known in ,paris in #afgj4 ,fruit medium or below1 globular-turbinate2 skin shining1 intense green1 dotted with numerous gray and green dots1 a little whitened on the shaded side1 yellowish when ripe2 flesh yellowish-white1 buttery1 melting1 semi-fine1 some grit about the center2 juice plentiful1 sugary1 slightly perfumed2 excellent but variable2 ,oct4 ,sucre de ,hoyerswerda4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ehb4 #aheg4 ,sucr-,vert d',hoyerswerda4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fgi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,according to ,diel this variety was a new pear in the first years of the last century found in the village of ,hoyerswerda1 ,saxony4 ,fruit always below medium1 turbinate-obtuse or globular-ovate1 rather irregular2 skin a little thick1 bright yellow shaded with dull yellow1 sprinkled all over with gray-russet dots on the shaded side and greenish-brown dots on the sun-exposed side on which it is also much encrimsoned2 flesh greenish-white1 semi-fine1 breaking1 watery1 granular around the pips2 juice sufficient1 highly saccharine1 acidulous1 with an agreeable musky perfume2 second2 ,aug4 ,sucre de ,montluon4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #dh1 #bid4 #ahie4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aih4 #aibj4 ,found in a hedge at ,montluon1 ,fr41 about #ahab1 by ,m4 ,rochet4 ,fruit medium1 oval-conic1 uneven1 lemon-yellow2 stem medium long1 rather short and woody2 calyx large1 closed1 in a narrow1 shallow basin2 flesh palest yellow1 transparent1 extremely juicy1 well flavored1 very delicious2 ,oct4 ,sucre ,blanche4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aia1 fig4 #if4 #ahgb4 ,obtained by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 a nurseryman at ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,it was first published in #ahef4 ,fruit rather large1 long-pyriform or sometimes somewhat gourd-shaped2 skin rather thick and firm1 at first very bright green covered with a light white bloom on which are very small and faint dots1 brightening still more at maturity but even in coloring all over the fruit2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 pleasant2 good but not rich enough to be first class2 ,aug4 or a little earlier4 ,sucre du ,comice4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fhj1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hfa4 #ahfi4 ,raised by the old ,horticultural ,society of ,angers1 ,fr41 and first fruited in #ahee4 ,fruit above medium1 more or less obtuse1 turbinate1 irregular1 much swelled in its lower half2 color golden yellow1 entirely sprinkled with reddish dots and generally rayed with fawn around the calyx2 flesh white1 semi-fine and semi-melting1 watery1 very granular around the core2 second2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,sucre ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fhc1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,brssler ,zuckerbirne4 #b4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #aad4 #ahbe4 ,a seedling raised by ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium to large1 ovate1 irregular1 sometimes nearly spherical2 skin thick1 very bright green1 mottled with pale yellow1 sprinkled with numerous large1 grayish spots1 turning a fine lemon-yellow at maturity and rather golden on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 semi-buttery and melting1 saccharine1 vinous1 slightly perfumed2 quality variable1 due perhaps to differences of soil and climate2 second to third2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,sucre de ,zurich4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fhd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,zricher ,zuckerbirne4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cjc4 #ahhi4 ,of doubtful origin but we may fairly assume it was ,switzerland and probably ,zurich4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 slightly obtuse or ovate and even in contour1 bright greenish-yellow1 dotted uniformly with gray-russet2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 very saccharine1 acidulous1 with a slight and agreeable scent of cinnamon2 second2 ,sept4 ,suet ,lea4 #a4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ccb3dhf4 #aiac4 ,an oriental hybrid4 ,fruit medium to small1 apple-shaped to oblong1 regular in contour2 light yellow1 with large1 rough1 russet dots2 flesh greenish-white1 deficient in juice1 hard and gritty1 breaking2 poor2 late4 ,suffolk ,thorn4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #haf4 #ahda4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fdi4 #ahhd4 ,wilding aus ,suffolk4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bih4 #ahhi4 ,raised by ,andrew ,arcedeckene1 ,clavering ,hall1 ,suffolk1 ,eng41 from seed of ,gansel ,bergamot4 ,fruited first about #ahda4 ,fruit medium1 globular-turbinate1 pale lemon-yellow1 covered with numerous small dots and irregular patches of pale ashy-gray russet which are most numerous on the side next the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 exceedingly melting1 buttery and juicy1 with a rich1 sugary juice1 exactly similar in flavor to ,gansel ,bergamot2 first2 ,oct4 ,sugar ,top4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #c3di4 #ahcg4 ,said to be a native fruit and is called also ,july or ,harvest ,pear4 ,fruit globular1 top-shaped1 skin smooth1 yellow2 flesh juicy1 breaking1 sweet1 with but little flavor2 ,july4 ,slibirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bhh4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #agb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear found in ,austria and ,germany4 ,fruit small1 globular-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 flecked and dotted with russet all over the fruit1 frequently somewhat tinted with a brownish blush2 flesh yellowish-white1 coarse-grained1 very acid2 ,oct4 ,sullivan4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3eg4 #ahdb4 ,a seedling sent to this country by ,van ,mons and named by ,manning4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 smooth green skin1 with russet specks2 flesh greenish-white1 fine-grained1 tender1 very juicy1 pleasant but not highly flavored2 second2 ,sept4 ,summer ,beurr d',arenberg4 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #ac3cae4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #aii4 #aibj4 ,raised by ,rivers of ,sawbridgeworth1 ,eng41 about #ahfj and produced its first fruit in #ahfc4 ,fruit rather small1 turbinate1 even and smooth in outline2 skin clear and very thin2 flesh very fine throughout1 scarcely any core1 no trace of grit1 melting1 yellowish1 buttery1 tender1 very juicy1 with a sweet1 rich and distinctive flavor2 excellent2 ,sept4 ,summer ,hasting4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,the ,summer ,hasting is a little greene peare1 of an indifferent good rellish4 ,summer ,popperin4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,both of them are very good dry firme peares somewhat spotted1 and brownish on the outside4 ,summer ,portugal4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fea4 #ahhd4 ,fruit quite small1 pyriform1 bright grass-green1 with a brownish blush on the side next the sun and dotted all over with dark green dots1 at maturity becoming clear yellow1 with a red cheek2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 breaking1 very juicy1 sweet and pleasantly flavored2 ,aug4 ,summer ,saint ,germain4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #cdg4 #ahde4 ,saint ,germain d't4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fbb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,of ,french origin4 ,imported to ,france from ,belgium or ,holland by ,louis ,noisette previous to #ahcj4 ,it is better known in this country and in ,england as the ,summer ,saint ,germain4 ,fruit below medium1 obovate-pyriform1 generally irregular1 bright greenish-yellow1 dotted with russet on the shaded side and extensively washed with vivid rose on the other cheek where it is sprinkled with gray points2 flesh white1 fine1 soft1 semi-melting1 slightly gritty at the center2 juice sufficient1 saccharine1 often rather astringent but always full of flavor2 second and sometimes third2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,summer ,virgalieu4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hfd4 #ahfi4 ,virgalieu d't4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3e1 fig4 #c4 #ahgb4 ,origin unknown4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 productive4 ,fruit roundish1 pyriform1 yellow1 slightly netted and patched with russet1 thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 stem rather long1 set in a small cavity2 calyx open2 segments recurved2 basin shallow1 uneven2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 melting1 slightly vinous2 good2 ,aug4 ,superfondanta4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aec4 #ahda4 ,received by ,simon-,louis ,bros41 ,metz1 ,lorraine1 from ,italy4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 smooth1 pale yellow1 marked with a few dots and sometimes marked with russet2 flesh white1 buttery1 melting1 very good2 ,oct4 ,suprme ,coloma4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #di1 fig4 #aba4 #ahff-gc4 ,kopertscher4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #gif4 #ahfi4 ,count ,coloma1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 made seed beds in #aghf4 ,from these beds came the ,suprme ,coloma1 a fruit of exquisite flavor4 ,fruit above medium1 ovate1 shortened1 obtuse2 skin delicate1 olive-yellow1 always mottled with greenish-russet and thickly covered with brown dots2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 nearly free from grit1 very full of saccharine juice1 acidulous1 with a special perfume of much delicacy2 first2 ,oct4 ,surpasse ,crassane4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fhg1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #feb4 #ahhd4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons obtained about #ahbj in his nursery at ,louvain1 ,bel4 ,fruit medium1 globular or globular-turbinate1 flattened at the base1 mammillate at the summit2 skin dark olive-yellow1 much covered with russet and tinted with dark red on the cheek touched by the sun2 flesh whitish1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 granular around the center2 juice abundant1 very saccharine1 highly perfumed1 with an agreeable tartish taste2 first2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,surpasse ,meuris4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fhh1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fec4 #ahhd4 ,the ,surpasse ,meuris was gained by ,van ,mons at ,brussels before #ahah4 ,fruit large1 pyriform or turbinate-obtuse1 always ventriculated toward the base and generally rather bossed2 skin rough1 olive-yellow dotted with gray1 mottled with fawn and often colored with brown-red on the side next the sun2 flesh white1 tinged with yellow1 semi-fine and semi-melting2 juice extremely abundant1 very saccharine1 tartish and savory2 first1 sometimes second when the juice is slightly perfumed2 ,sept4 ,surpasse ,st4 ,germain4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aih4 #ahcc4 ,a seedling of ,van ,mons imported in #ahai4 ,fruit rather large and oblong1 rounded at the base and tapering toward the stalk1 irregular in outline1 green and brown2 winter4 ,surpasse ,virgalieu4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #daf1 fig4 #ahi4 #ahde4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3hfh1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the origin of this variety is unknown4 ,andrew ,parmentier introduced it from his nursery at ,brooklyn under this name about #ahjj4 ,fruit rather large1 obovate2 skin smooth1 pale lemon-yellow with a very few minute dots and rarely a little faint red on the sunny side2 flesh white1 exceedingly fine-grained and buttery1 abounding with delicious highly flavored1 aromatic juice1 differing from that of the ,doyenn2 first2 ,oct4 ,surprise4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #da4 #aiaf4 ,surprise is a valuable blight-resistant variety belonging to ,pyrus communis and promises to make a blight-resistant stock on which to top-work commercial varieties4 ,ssse ,margarethenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ec4 #ahef4 ,germany2 first published in #ahcc4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 light yellow1 often1 blushed with light red and thickly dotted2 flesh semi-melting1 granular1 sweet1 agreeably cinnamon-flavored2 second for dessert1 good for household and market2 ,aug4 ,ssse ,sommerlahnbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3eb4 #ahef4 ,german2 published in #ahje4 ,fruit fairly large1 variable in form1 ovate1 often conic and ventriculous-pyriform1 sides rather unequal1 dull greenish-yellow turning to a fine citron-yellow1 without any blush but russeted on the side next the sun1 indistinct dots2 flesh not juicy1 saccharine1 with flavor of black currant2 second for dessert1 very good for kitchen use and market2 ,aug4 ,suwanee4 #a4 ,griffing ,bros4 ,cat4 #ac1 fig4 #aiji4 ,originated in southern ,georgia and introduced by ,griffing ,brothers ,company in #aiji4 ,fruit large1 oblong1 tapering towards both ends1 blunt2 skin tough1 dark golden-russet over a yellow ground1 with a slight tinge of red2 flesh white1 crisp1 tender2 good4 ,suzanne4 #a4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,gen4 #c3abi1 fig4 #afa4 #ahgh4 ,received by ,oberdieck from ,van ,mons without a name4 ,fruit rather small1 ovate1 short and ventriculous1 symmetrical in contour with its greatest diameter about the center2 skin delicate1 bright green1 sprinkled with extremely numerous small brown spots1 changing to pale yellow1 golden on the side next the sun or sometimes touched with red2 flesh white1 tinted with yellow1 very fine1 buttery1 melting1 sufficiently juicy1 saccharine and delicately perfumed2 good2 ,sept4 ,suzette de ,bavay4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #b3,no4 #hj1 ,pl4 #hj4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hfe4 #ahfi4 ,major ,espren of ,mechlin1 ,bel41 obtained this long-season pear4 ,it fruited first in #ahdc4 ,fruit small or medium1 globular1 generally mammillate at the top2 skin rough1 pale yellow1 dotted with greenish-brown and speckled with russet and reddish stains2 flesh white1 semi-fine1 melting or semi-melting1 juicy1 almost free from grit2 juice abundant1 saccharine1 acidulous1 more or less perfumed with anis2 ,jan4 to ,apr4 ,swan ,egg4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #acb1 ,pl4 ,,lxiv4 #agbi4 ,an ,english variety recommended by ,lindley as suitable in the ,highlands of ,scotland4 ,fruit medium1 globular-ovate2 skin smooth1 yellowish-green on the shaded side and clear brownish-red on the cheek exposed to the sun and covered with pale brown-russet2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 very juicy1 with a sweet and piquant flavor and musky aroma2 good2 ,oct4 ,sweater4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,the ,sweater is somewhat like the ,windsor1 for colour and bigeness but nothing neare of so good a taste4 ,sylvie de ,malzine4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahie4 ,sent out by ,daras de ,naghin1 ,anvers1 ,bel4 ,tree vigorous and fertile4 ,fruit medium1 globular2 flesh rather fine1 melting1 recalling the ,beurr d',angleterre by its flavor2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,taglioretti4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3gc1 fig4 #eag4 #ahha4 ,tree bell-shaped1 pyramidal2 leaves bluish-green and dull1 characteristically folded2 stipules remarkably short4 ,fruit medium in size1 ovoid1 short1 broad1 resembling the ,bergamotte d't and the ,valle ,franche2 skin rather firm1 bright lemon-yellow to golden2 dots conspicuous2 calyx medium1 open2 basin narrow1 rather deep2 flesh white1 medium fine1 medium breaking1 juicy2 good2 ,aug4 ,takasaki4 #a4 ,ga4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #di1 #ed4 #ahib4 ,exhibited by ,p4 ,j4 ,berckmans at the ,georgia ,state ,horticultural ,society ,meeting in #ahib4 ,said to be a ,japanese pear4 ,talmadge4 #a4 ,horticulturist #be3abe4 #ahgj4 ,northford ,seckel #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abc4 #ahha4 ,originated in the garden of ,levi ,talmadge at ,northford1 ,conn41 as a chance seedling of ,seckel4 ,tree hardy and vigorous1 with spreading head1 very symmetrical1 attaining double the size of the ,seckel1 very productive4 ,fruit larger and more uniform than ,seckel1 almost identical in form1 with the same russet ground1 slightly less ruddy coloring2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting2 inferior to ,seckel2 ripens with ,seckel4 ,tardive d',ellezelles4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,probably originated in ,belgium4 ,fruit large1 grayish-green1 pleasantly aromatic2 heat resistant2 ,apr4 and ,may4 ,tardive ,garin4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,tree very vigorous and very productive4 ,fruit large1 roundish1 grayish-yellow2 flesh medium1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 ,may and ,june4 ,tardive de ,mons4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cca4 #ahff4 #b4 ,ibid4 #fed4 #ahhd4 ,fruit medium in size1 oblong-obovate1 even and regularly formed2 skin uniformly yellow1 orange tinge next the sun2 dots large and russet2 calyx large1 open2 stem rather slender1 obliquely inserted without depression2 flesh white1 tender1 buttery1 melting1 very juicy1 rich1 sugary2 rated as an excellent pear2 ,nov4 ,tardive de ,montauban4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajg4 #ahgf4 ,tree very productive4 ,fruit medium to small1 rather long1 reddish on the sunny side2 flesh fine1 yellow1 sweet1 medium melting2 first2 very late4 ,tardive de ,solesne4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajj4 #ahie4 ,tree vigorous and very productive4 ,fruit large to very large2 flesh breaking1 very sweet2 first2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,tatnall ,harvest4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3dbd4 #ahec4 ,the ,pennsylvania ,horticultural ,society rated specimens of this variety submitted to it by ,thomas ,hancock1 ,burlington1 ,n4 ,j41 as scarcely good4 ,tavernier de ,boulogne4 #a4 ,field ,pear ,cult4 #bhc4 #aheh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fif1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,found in #ahcf by ,m4 ,tavernier in a woods near ,trelaze1 ,fr4 ,tree scraggly1 productive1 a good orchard tree4 ,fruit medium to above1 longish-conic1 greenish-yellow2 flesh white1 firm2 of first quality for cooking2 late spring and early summer4 ,taylor4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aab4 #aheb4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pat4 ,off4 ,rpt4 #bhb4 #ahec4 ,mr4 ,merriweather1 ,charlottesville1 ,va41 is credited with having originated this pear1 although it may have come from ,france about #aghj4 ,tree vigorous1 young wood olive2 productive2 fruit medium1 roundish-oblate2 skin light green1 mottled with dark green2 stalk rather long1 fleshy at its termination in a very slight depression2 calyx very small1 set in a wide1 superficial basin2 flesh fine in texture1 buttery2 flavor vinous1 with a delicate vanilla aroma2 very good2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,taynton ,squash4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fed4 #ahhd4 ,squash4 #b4 ,thacher ,am4 ,orch4 #aia4 #ahbb4 ,an old pear which originated in ,gloucestershire1 ,eng41 previous to the year #ahje and which is widely known as a remarkably fine perry pear much grown in ,herefordshire4 ,it is early1 tender of flesh1 and if it drops ripe from the tree it bursts from the fall1 whence probably the name4 ,fruit medium to below1 turbinate1 dull greenish-yellow on the shaded side and dull brownish-red next the sun1 covered with rough1 russet dots2 calyx open2 stem slender2 flesh white1 with a brisk1 sweet flavor4 ,tea4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3aed4 #ahej4 #b4 ,ibid4 #bj3dff1 fig4 #bb4 #ahed4 ,mrs4 ,ezra ,merchant1 ,milford1 ,conn41 found seed from which this pear was raised in a pound of tea which she purchased1 hence the name4 ,similar to ,white ,doyenn1 if not identical with it4 ,tree vigorous1 with bright yellow wood and deep green foliage4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyramidal1 with often a suture on one side1 yellowish-green becoming blushed in the sun2 stem short1 stout1 fleshy at the base2 calyx open2 flesh whitish1 melting1 juicy1 vinous2 very good to best2 ,sept4 ,templiers4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fig1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,the place of origin is uncertain but the time is at least prior to #ahch4 ,fruit large1 short-turbinate1 dull yellow1 spotted with ashy gray2 of first quality for cooking1 beginning of ,sept4 ,tepka4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #bd1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear common to lower ,styria1 ,carniola1 and the maritime regions of ,austria4 ,fruit ,bergamot-shape1 pale green becoming yellowish-green2 calyx large1 open1 star-shape2 stem brown1 medium short1 often bent2 flesh juicy1 sprightly2 rots at the core and keeps poorly in storage2 ,sept4 ,test4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,reported by ,luther ,burbank1 ,santa ,rosa1 ,cal41 as ,a large pear1 being four inches long by two and one-half across4 ,in form much like ,bartlett and in quality more like ,le ,conte1 but far better and far more prolific than either4 ,ripens four weeks later than ,le ,conte4 ,when canned is firm and white and fully equal to or better than ,bartlett4 ,tettenhall4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #gcc4 #ahda4 ,this pear1 supposed only to flourish in the parish of ,tettenhall1 near ,wolverhampton1 though a very profuse bearer1 has fruit almost worthless2 but as a forest tree it is remarkable for its beauty1 far surpassing in size1 shape and masses of deep green foliage any other ,pear-tree ,i ever saw4 ,teutsche ,augustbirne4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #efc4 #ahag4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ea4 #ahef4 ,reported from the regions of ,thuringia1 ,hesse1 and ,wrttemberg about #agii4 ,fruit medium in size1 oblong-oval1 bright yellow1 dotted1 thick-skinned2 calyx star-shape2 stem fleshy2 flesh breaking1 sweet2 fair1 a good commercial variety2 ,aug4 ,texas4 #a4 ,ragan ,fr4 ,recom4 by ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc41 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #aea3da4 #aiji4 ,this is a whitish-yellow1 medium-large1 pyriform pear of good quality1 at one time considered promising along the ,gulf ,coast2 said to have originated in ,texas4 ,the ,dean4 #a4 ,j4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #cd4 #ahii4 ,a very large pear that has been bearing regularly near ,oak ,ridge1 ,guilford ,county1 ,n4 ,c41 for more than #dj years4 ,in appearance it resembles both ,bartlett and ,duchesse d',angoulme1 and is as large as ,duchesse and better in quality4 ,ripens between ,bartlett and ,duchesse1 making a very valuable pear and of good quality4 ,theilersbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aie4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #agd1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear said to have appeared in ,switzerland about #ahdh as a wilding4 ,tree spreading1 large1 vigorous1 strong1 productive4 ,fruit small1 ovate1 yellowish-green becoming yellow1 dotted strongly with russet2 calyx open2 stem medium long2 flesh dull white1 juicy1 piquant1 without aroma4 ,theodor ,krner4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3abf4 #ahef4 ,a seedling raised by ,van ,mons of ,belgium about #ahea4 ,tree rather vigorous1 an early and good bearer4 ,fruit medium to above1 conic1 greenish-yellow2 calyx star-shaped2 segments long2 flesh melting1 juicy1 vinous2 first2 ,sept4 ,theodore4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3af4 #ahef4 ,according to ,dochnahl this pear may have originated in ,belgium about #ahcc4 ,fruit medium large1 #b inches wide and #b-a_/b inches long1 smooth1 bright yellow1 sunny side washed with red2 dots numerous2 sweet1 vinous2 last of ,aug4 ,theodore ,van ,mons4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #afd1 #bcd4 #ahed4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3bi1 fig4 #ahef4 ,originated by ,van ,mons in #ahbg4 ,tree vigorous1 pyramidal1 productive4 ,fruit medium to above1 obovate-pyriform to oblong-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 russeted2 dots gray-green1 numerous2 stem curved1 about an inch long2 cavity slight2 calyx open2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather coarse1 juicy1 melting1 vinous2 good to very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,theodore ,williams4 #a4 ,stark ,bros4 ,year ,book #e3dj4 #aiad4 ,a seedling of ,kieffer raised by ,theodore ,williams1 and introduced by ,stark ,brothers ,nurseries ,orchard ,company about #aiad4 ,tree hardy1 is reported to have stood a temperature of #dj degrees below zero without injury4 ,fruit medium1 yellowish-green1 sweet1 juicy4 ,thophile ,lacroix4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bij4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ej4 #ahie4 ,tree productive and of good vigor4 ,fruit large to very large1 pyriform1 similar to the type of ,beurr ,diel1 deep yellow1 plentifully spotted and marbled with cinnamon-red2 flesh yellowish1 fine1 juicy1 with an aroma suggestive of orange1 a little gritty about the core2 first2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,thrse4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,fruit rather large1 ,bergamot-shape1 yellowish-green2 flesh very melting1 delicately aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 ,thrse ,appert4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3fii1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #b;d ,app4 #acf1 fig4 #ahgb4 ,first fruited in #ahfa from seed of ,beurr ,clairgeau by ,andr ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr4 ,tree vigorous1 productive4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 turbinate1 yellowish-orange1 washed with vermilion2 stem short1 a trifle inclined2 cavity small2 calyx open2 basin shallow2 flesh whitish-yellow1 very juicy1 very sweet1 aromatic2 very good2 ,sept4 ,theveriner ,butterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3abe4 #ahef4 ,said to have originated in ,france about #aheb4 ,fruit medium large1 turbinate1 bright green becoming greenish-yellow1 somewhat clouded and striped with red1 covered with russet2 calyx star-shaped2 stem thick1 one inch long2 seeds mostly abortive2 flesh yellowish1 sweet1 vinous2 ,oct4 ,thibaut ,butterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3abf4 #ahef4 ,according to ,dochnahl this is a seedling from ,van ,mons which originated in ,belgium in #ahea4 ,fruit medium large1 turbinate1 irregular and ill-shapen1 bright green becoming yellowish-green1 with gray dots1 and spotted with russet2 skin thin2 calyx small1 erect2 stem slender1 #b inches long1 fleshy at the base2 core and seeds small2 sweet1 aromatic2 very good2 ,oct4 ,thick ,stalked ,pear4 #a4 ,mawe-,abercrombie ,univ4 ,gard4 ,bot4 #aggh4 ,mentioned in the reference cited as a minor variety of winter pear having a very large1 roundish fruit4 ,thimothe4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3aha1 fig4 #egd4 #ahha4 ,this variety was raised from seed by ,m4 ,pariset1 a seedsman of ,ain1 ,fr41 about #aheb4 ,tree rather vigorous1 upright1 symmetrical4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-pyriform1 regular1 greenish becoming pale yellow2 calyx almost closed2 stem very short1 rather stout2 flesh whitish1 very fine1 very melting1 subacid1 refreshing2 good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,thompson 7,eng474 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3fd4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,pom4 ,france #d3aef1 ,pl4 #aef4 #ahfg4 ,said to be a seedling of ,van ,mons originated about #ahai4 ,r4 ,manning1 ,salem1 ,mass41 received cions in #ahda4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit medium1 obovate1 lemon-yellow1 russeted around the stem2 stem short2 almost no cavity2 calyx medium1 open1 slightly depressed in a small basin2 segments often united2 flesh whitish-yellow1 buttery1 juicy2 flavor rich1 sugary1 aromatic2 seeds large1 long2 ,oct4 ,thompson 7,n4 ,h474 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aih4 #ahcc4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #c3ea4 #ahcg4 ,originated on the farm of ,judge ,thompson1 ,portsmouth1 ,n4 ,h4 ,fruit medium to below1 turbinate1 quite russeted2 esteemed for its extraordinary productiveness and long keeping by those in the vicinity of its origin but regarded by ,r4 ,manning1 ,salem1 ,mass41 as unfit for cultivation4 ,thooris4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3bg1 fig4 #aheh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hfh4 #ahfi4 ,this ,belgian pear fruited for the first time in #ahed in the garden of the ,society ,van ,mons4 ,fruit medium to below1 round ovoid to oval1 or ,bergamot-shape2 skin yellow1 shaded and striped with grayish-red4 ,alexander ,bivort gives1 flesh yellowish-white1 half fine1 melting2 juice abundant1 sugary1 and with an agreeable perfume 444 of first quality1 whereas ,downing says1 flesh white1 coarse1 dry1 sweet1 and poor 444 unworthy of cultivation4 ,sept4 ,thuerlinckx4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #eec4 #aheg4 ,beurr ,thuerlinckx4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ebi4 #ahhd4 ,this pear was found in #ahdh upon an estate purchased by ,m4 ,thuerlinckx1 ,mechlin1 ,bel4 ,it is said to be a very large1 coarse1 showy pear of long-obovate shape1 with a somewhat tender and juicy flesh but without any aroma1 and very soon becoming mealy2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,thurston ,red4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fee4 #ahhd4 ,hogg says1 a new ,herefordshire perry pear of some repute4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 even in outline1 greenish-yellow1 with a thin red cheek and a large patch of thin1 pale-brown russet1 especially around the calyx2 calyx small and open2 stem an inch and a quarter long1 slender2 cavity none2 flesh yellow4 ,tiffin4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bhi4 #ahic4 ,originated with ,henry ,loose1 ,tiffin1 ,o4 ,fruit described as large1 broad-ovate1 smooth1 greenish-yellow2 dots numerous1 brown2 stem medium long1 slender1 curved1 inserted with no depression2 basin wide1 russeted2 calyx small1 open2 skin thin2 core large2 seeds large1 plump1 brown2 flesh white1 buttery1 subacid2 good2 ,oct4 ,tigre de ,janvier4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3ada1 fig4 #ga4 #ahgb4 ,raised by ,l4 ,j4 ,berckmans from seed produced by ,major ,espren and obtained by the former after the latter's death4 ,tree vigorous1 rather slender4 ,fruit small to below medium1 ovoid-pyriform1 yellowish2 stem long2 flesh yellow1 medium fine1 melting1 very juicy1 vinous2 not of the most beautiful appearance yet of the highest flavor2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,tillington4 #a4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #d3eba4 #ahbb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hfh4 #ahfi4 ,exhibited by ,thomas ,andrew ,knight before the ,london ,horticultural ,society in #ahbj as a ,seedling ,pear raised from a seed of the ,autumn ,bergamot impregnated with the pollen of the ,jargonelle4 ,tree hardy1 productive4 ,fruit medium1 short-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 with light brown russet dots2 stalk short2 calyx open2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 buttery1 melting1 not juicy1 vinous1 aromatic2 good2 ,oct4 ,timpling4 #a4 ,buckman ,fruit ,var4 in ,ex4 ,orch4 #f4 #aija4 ,included in the list of varieties in the experimental orchard of ,benjamin ,buckman1 ,farmingdale1 ,ill4 ,mr4 ,buckman reports that it was from ,ludwig ,hencke1 ,collinsville1 and that he received it in #ahic4 ,mr4 ,hencke brought the ,timpling with him from ,germany4 ,according to ,mr4 ,buckman the tree is rather free from blight1 moderately productive1 and still in good shape at the age of #bg years4 ,fruit medium2 good quality and color4 ,tindall ,swan ,egg4 #a4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #f3cif4 #ahbf4 ,specimens of a new variety of ,swan ,egg pear were sent to the meeting of the ,london ,horticultural ,society in #ahbd by ,george and ,william ,tindall1 ,beverley1 ,yorkshire1 ,eng4 ,it is larger and browner than the ,common ,swan's ,egg1 and equal to it in flavor4 ,it keeps well till the end of ,january1 and sometimes later4 ,tollbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #bad1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a very productive perry pear of ,europe with fruit notable because of its beautiful color4 ,tree vigorous1 upright4 ,fruit medium1 round-obovate1 very uniform2 skin tough1 smooth1 glossy1 green changing to yellow1 side next the sun blushed with bright carmine and dotted heavily with brown-russet dots1 russeted at top and bottom2 calyx small1 open2 stem medium long1 slender2 flesh almost white1 juicy1 tart2 mid-,oct4 to ,dec4 ,tolstoy4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,originated by ,n4 ,e4 ,hansen1 ,brookings1 ,s4 ,d41 from ,clapp ,favorite x ,pyrus ovoidea1 and introduced by him in #aiai4 ,tom ,strange4 #a4 ,buckman ,fruit ,var4 in ,ex4 ,orch4 #f4 #aija4 ,this variety is found in the experimental orchard at ,farmingdale1 ,ill41 of ,benjamin ,buckman1 who writes3 ,the ',tom ,strange' pear is a small local variety received from a person of that name1 not worthy of disseminating under a name and had better be dropped4 ,tonkovietka4 #a4 ,mont4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #ahhb4 ,limbertwig4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cba4 #ahhe4 ,thintwig4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ei4 #ahhg4 ,one of the ,russian pears imported by ,prof4 ,j4 ,l4 ,budd from ,dr4 ,regel1 ,petrograd1 ,russia1 about #ahgi and known by the ,iowa ,agricultural ,college under the numbers #eac and #ad m4 ,chas4 ,gibb1 ,abbottsford1 ,can41 says this is the hardiest pear tree which bears edible fruit of which he knows4 ,the name means slender stalk4 ,tree hardy1 fine1 productive4 ,fruit medium1 conical1 yellow1 with red on the sunny side2 flesh porous2 ripens beginning of ,aug4 and keeps until ,sept42 commendable for commercial orchards4 ,tonneau4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bcg1 ,pl4 ,,lviii1 fig4 #e4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fef4 #ahhd4 ,fassbirne4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #efd4 #ahag4 ,this large cooking pear has been confused by ,leroy and others with ,uvedale ,st4 ,germain1 but ,hogg and ,mas agree that the two are quite distinct4 ,the ,french word tonneau and the ,german word fass are both translated cask1 a term which describes the shape of this pear very well4 ,tree vigorous2 shoots upright2 leaves pubescent1 light green1 young leaves yellowish-green4 ,fruit very large1 oblong-ovate or cask-shaped2 skin clear yellow2 calyx large1 open2 basin deep1 wide2 stalk an inch long1 straight1 woody2 cavity deep1 irregular2 flesh very white1 rather dry2 flavor brisk2 more an ornament than a dessert fruit2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,toronto ,belle4 #a4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #hb4 #ahhb4 ,we tested the fruit late in ,december and found it in grand condition2 in quality it is equal to ,beurr ,bosc1 and almost identical in form and color4 ,the tree is a slow grower but a heavy and regular bearer4 ,it is without doubt the finest winter pear we know of1 opening1 as it does1 a new era in the quality of winter pears4 ,totten ,seedling4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3aji4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hfh4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,col4 ,totten1 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,tree vigorous4 ,fruit small to medium1 roundish-pyriform to obovate1 pale yellow1 slightly tinged with red in the sun2 stalk long2 calyx open2 flesh white1 sweet1 perfumed2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,tournay d',hiver4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aaa4 #ahgf4 ,tree vigorous and productive1 upright4 ,fruit large to very large1 broadly turbinate2 flesh buttery1 melting1 fine1 vinous2 first2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,tout-il-faut4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3ajg1 fig4 #ed4 #ahgb4 ,one of ,van ,mons' seedlings4 ,the pear does not possess all the qualities that the name indicates4 ,tree hardy1 productive1 of medium vigor1 early bearing4 ,fruit medium1 regular1 conic-pyriform1 yellowish-green mostly covered by a brilliant crimson1 very beautiful2 flesh white1 tender1 sweet1 rather juicy1 agreeably aromatic2 mid-,aug4 ,trublesbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aid4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #adj1 fig4 #fh4 #aiac4 ,this perry pear1 named ,trublesbirne because of the racemose or bunch-like manner in which the fruit develops1 is said to have had its origin in ,wrttemberg about #ahcj4 ,tree rather vigorous1 broad-pyramidal1 scantily foliaged1 thrifty1 early bearing1 productive4 ,fruit long-pyriform to oval1 somewhat blunt at the base1 greenish1 russeted at both base and apex2 dots fine2 calyx open2 stem long2 flesh white1 juicy2 good2 ,oct4 ,tressorier ,lesacher4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bij4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahie4 ,tree of moderate vigor1 very fertile4 ,fruit medium1 resembling ,white ,doyenn2 flesh very fine2 of highest quality2 ,oct4 ,trinkebirne4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #eah1 #efb4 #ahag4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ad4 #ahef4 ,originated in ,saxony1 ,ger41 about #ahjb4 ,twigs thick and long1 heavily dotted2 buds small2 leaves round4 ,fruit medium1 large1 conical1 yellowish1 somewhat blushed1 very juicy2 good2 last of ,sept4 ,triomphe de ,jodoigne4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3aab4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gjf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #bjj4 #aibj4 ,raised by ,simon ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 in #ahcj4 ,fruit large1 oval-pyriform1 tapering markedly toward stem1 uneven1 green becoming lemon-yellow2 calyx small1 open1 in a small1 uneven basin2 stem rather long1 stout1 woody1 fleshy at insertion2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 juicy1 half-melting1 sweet2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,triomphe de ,louvain4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #aed4 #ahda4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3hhj1 fig4 #ahhi4 ,originated by ,van ,mons about #ahbj4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-oblate1 rather rough1 greenish-yellow1 mostly covered with dull russet1 many brown russet dots2 stem rather short1 stout2 calyx large1 open2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 not juicy1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 ,triomphe de ,touraine4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajd4 #ahie4 ,from the name1 one infers that this variety originated near ,touraine1 ,fr4 ,tree vigorous1 very productive4 ,fruit large to very large1 green1 reddish on the side next the sun1 clear yellow at maturity2 flesh firm1 fine1 juicy1 sweet1 similar in taste to ,duchesse d',angoulme but of better quality2 ,nov4 ,triomphe de ,tournai4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #bj3gfj1 fig4 #aci4 #ahhc4 #b4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #eab1 fig4 #aije4 ,m4 ,daras de ,naghin1 ,tournai1 ,bel41 originated this fruit from seed produced in #ahfh4 ,the ,pomological ,committee of ,tournai after testing it in #ahhb and #ahhc unanimously awarded its raiser a bronze medal4 ,tree vigorous and productive1 pyramidal1 upright4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate to long-pyriform1 symmetrical1 uniformly green becoming yellow1 faintly pitted2 stem short1 stout2 calyx medium1 open2 basin shallow2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 good to very good2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,triomphe de ,vienne4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #aa3bfa4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ddf1 fig4 #aijd4 ,triumph4 #c4 ,can4 ,hort4 #be3ddb1 fig4 #aijb4 ,raised in #ahfd by ,m4 ,jean ,colland1 ,vienne1 ,fr41 and first distributed in #ahgd1 this pear has been the recipient of several awards of merit4 ,tree vigorous1 heavy-cropper1 pyramidal4 ,fruit large1 obovate-pyriform1 rather irregular1 greenish-yellow1 with russet patches1 often blushed with red2 calyx open2 core small2 seeds usually imperfect2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy2 flavor rich1 sweet1 spicy2 very good2 ,sept4 and early ,oct4 ,trompetenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde4 #b3adj4 #ahef4 ,poire ,trompette4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3ig1 fig4 #di4 #ahgb4 ,diel obtained this variety at ,schaumburg1 ,westphalia1 but it appears to have originated at ,nassau1 ,prussia4 ,published in #ahje4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform-conic1 often irregular in form and uneven on the surface2 skin rather thick and firm1 light green changing to light yellow1 covered with numerous small1 round1 brown spots and on the side next the sun blushed with wine-red2 flesh whitish1 semi-melting1 granular2 juice sufficient in quantity1 very vinous but a little too astringent2 third for dessert1 first for household2 ,oct4 ,troppauer ,goldgelbe ,sommermuskatellerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3da4 #ahef4 ,troppauer ,muskateller4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bia4 #ahhi4 ,said to have originated about #ahea in ,troppau1 ,silesia1 ,austria4 ,fruit medium large1 roundish1 regular1 bright yellow1 frequently strongly russeted1 flecked and dotted with brown2 stem thin1 medium long2 flesh coarse1 very sweet and somewhat musky2 ,aug4 ,truchsess4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3bj4 #ahef4 ,dochnahl credits this pear with having originated from seed in ,dietz on the ,lahn ,river1 ,ger41 about #ahbf4 ,tree large and very fruitful2 twigs long1 glabrous2 lenticels long2 leaves ovate1 entire4 ,fruit produced in clusters1 medium large1 roundish-ovate1 bright green becoming yellowish1 frequently russeted1 strongly dotted2 ,nov4 ,truckhill ,bergamot4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aa3cbg4 #ahde4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hfi4 #ahfi4 ,probably of ,english origin4 ,fruit medium or above1 roundish-oblate1 yellow with crimson and fawn in the sun1 sprinkled with gray and green dots2 stalk rather short2 cavity deep2 calyx open2 basin deep1 abrupt1 uneven2 flesh half-melting1 somewhat coarse and gritty1 moderately juicy2 good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,tsar4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ag3bic4 #ahid4 ,this is a ,russian variety and may be synonymous with ,czar and ,tsarskaya4 ,it has been grown successfully in the ,russian ,province of ,tambow1 #ec north latitude4 ,tree very firm and wonderfully productive1 pyramidal4 ,fruit moderate in size1 conical1 yellow1 red on the sunny side2 flesh soft1 mellow1 agreeable2 flavor mild2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,tudor4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aeg4 #ahfg4 ,said to be a seedling of ,fulton and to resemble it very closely4 ,fruit peculiarly shaped1 russeted2 stem short2 flesh melting1 juicy2 first2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,turban4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3aba1 fig4 #fa4 #ahgb4 ,a beautiful early pear the origin of which is unknown4 ,tree vigorous1 dependably productive1 hardy1 late in coming into bearing4 ,fruit medium in size1 spherical-turbinate1 green becoming pale yellow1 covered with brown around base and apex2 dots very large1 dark green2 calyx small2 stem characteristically very short and very thick2 flesh white1 streaked with yellow1 very fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 ,aug4 ,trkische mskirte ,sommerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ai4 #ahef4 ,the origin of this pear is ascribed to the ,orient about the year #ahcb4 ,tree vigorous and productive2 twigs glabrous2 buds long and pointed4 ,fruit medium large1 bulging1 blunt1 roundish1 solid yellowish-green1 sprinkled with russet2 dots fine and bright-brown2 calyx usually closed2 stem woody1 medium long2 seeds numerous2 flesh buttery2 quality of the best2 ,sept4 ,turnep4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,the ,turnep pear is a hard winter peare1 not so good to eat rawe1 as it is to bake4 ,twice flowering ,pear-tree4 #a4 ,mawe-,abercrombie ,univ4 ,gard4 ,bot4 #aggh4 ,it often produces blossom twice a year1 the first in the spring1 and the second in autumn1 so is preserved in many gardens as a curiosity4 ,classified as an autumn pear4 ,tyler4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #e4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hfi4 #ahfi4 ,probably one of ,gov4 ,edwards' seedlings which originated at ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 about #ahdj4 ,tree moderately vigorous2 young wood reddish-yellow-brown4 ,fruit below medium1 roundish-pyriform1 yellow1 netted and patched and dotted with russet2 stem long1 slender1 in a moderate cavity1 surrounded by russet2 calyx open2 basin shallow and uneven2 flesh white1 coarse1 granular1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 brisk1 vinous2 fair to good2 ,oct4 ,ulatis4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,a seedling of ,bartlett originated by ,r4 ,e4 ,burton1 ,vacaville1 ,cal41 and introduced in #aiaf4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 yellow2 flesh white1 fine1 sweet2 good2 ,sept4 ,unterlaibacher ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #adb1 fig4 #fi4 #aiac4 ,this perry pear is a native of ,carniola and probably gets its name from the city of ,laibach in that region4 ,tree of moderate growth1 upright1 tall1 with strong wood1 a late and alternate bearer1 long-lived4 ,fruit round1 large1 greenish-yellow1 russeted about the calyx end1 finely dotted2 calyx open1 wide2 basin shallow2 stem short1 thick1 brownish-yellow1 set at an angle2 flesh yellowish-green1 granular2 ,oct4 ,upper ,crust4 #a4 ,horticulturist #d3bgf4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgj4 #ahfi4 ,a seedling introduced by ,col4 ,wm4 ,sumner1 ,pomaria1 ,s4 ,c41 in #ahdi4 ,tree pyramidal1 with switchey limbs and gray bark4 ,fruit below medium1 roundish1 green1 covered with distinct1 irregular1 russet patches2 stalk rather short1 stout2 cavity broad1 shallow2 calyx large1 open2 flesh granular1 not juicy1 rots at core2 poor2 ,aug4 ,ursula4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3g4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgb4 #ahfi4 ,said to have originated in ,belgium about #ahbf4 ,tree vigorous and very productive2 twigs green1 thickly dotted2 buds small1 long2 leaves ovoid4 ,fruit below medium to above1 oblong-acute-pyriform1 yellowish mostly covered with golden-russet2 stem long1 curved2 calyx open2 basin shallow2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting2 good to very good2 late ,aug4 ,uwchlan4 #a4 ,horticulturist #f3ce1 fig4 #c4 #ahef4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gad1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,originated on the premises of ,widow ,dowlin1 near the ,brandywine1 in ,uwchlan ,township1 ,pa4 ,it fruited first in #ahea4 ,tree of good growth1 productive1 pyramidal4 ,fruit below medium1 roundish1 inclining to obovate1 pale whitish-yellow1 shaded1 mottled and dotted with crimson1 and thickly covered with conspicuous brown dots2 stem curved1 inclined2 cavity shallow1 sometimes lipped2 calyx partially closed2 basin abrupt1 large1 deep2 flesh white1 very juicy1 very sweet1 melting1 aromatic2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,valentine4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgb4 #ahfi4 ,said to have originated on ,long ,island4 ,fruit above medium1 oblong-acute-pyriform1 pale yellowish-green1 tinge of red in the sun2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good2 ,aug4 ,valle ,franche4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3gd4 #agfh4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #feh4 #ahhd4 ,poire de ,valle4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3aac1 fig4 #ee4 #ahff-gc4 ,a pear of ancient and unknown origin4 ,it was grown in ,france in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries4 ,tree very large1 exceedingly vigorous1 very hardy1 a regular bearer4 ,fruit medium or below1 obovate or obtuse-pyriform1 smooth1 shining yellowish-green1 sprinkled with small russet dots2 flesh white1 breaking1 medium fine1 very juicy1 sweet1 slightly musky2 well reported from the ,old ,world but as unworthy of cultivation from the ,new2 last of ,aug4 ,valley4 #a4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #b3ahe1 ,pl4 ,,xcvii1 fig4 #b4 #ahbc4 ,possibly of ,english origin4 ,fruit oval or lemon-shape1 yellow1 strewn with fine dots2 skin thick2 flesh soft1 buttery2 flavor very pleasant2 mid-,aug4 ,van ,assche4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ee4 #aheb4 #b4 ,horticulturist #c3fj1 fig41 front4 #ahec4 ,van ,assene4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3eh4 #ahdb4 #d4 ,ibid4 #ac3fj1 fig4 #d4 #ahdg4 ,m4 ,bouvier1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 originated this pear about #ahbh4 ,m4 ,manning received cions of the variety from ,van ,mons in #ahce under the name ,van ,assene1 and this has led to incorrect statements in ,america that ,van ,assche is a seedling of ,van ,mons and should be called ,van ,assene4 ,tree productive1 vigorous1 erect1 an early bearer4 ,fruit rather large1 roundish-obovate-pyriform1 pale yellow1 covered with rather large russet specks2 stem long1 slender1 curved2 cavity medium deep2 calyx closed2 basin abrupt1 deep flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,van ,buren4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #e4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgc4 #ahfi4 ,a cooking pear raised from seed by ,governor ,edwards of ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-oblate1 yellow1 with a rich orange-red blush next the sun1 regularly dotted with conspicuous brownish specks2 flesh white1 crisp1 sweet2 ,oct4 ,van ,deventer4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgc4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,new ,jersey4 ,tree very vigorous1 very productive1 an early bearer4 ,fruit rather small1 oblong-ovate-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 shaded with brownish-red in the sun1 with many gray and green dots2 stem inclined1 inserted by a lip and sometimes rings2 calyx partially closed2 basin shallow2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 tender1 half-melting1 sweet1 pleasant1 good2 mid-,aug4 ,van ,marum4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #c3,no4 #abe1 ,pl4 #abe4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgc4 #ahfi4 ,calebasse ,grosse4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #eda4 #ahhd4 ,originated by ,van ,mons in #ahbc4 ,tree vigorous1 productive4 ,fruit very large1 sometimes measuring six inches long1 oblong-pyriform1 yellow2 stem rather long1 slender2 cavity flattened2 calyx large2 basin shallow1 regular2 flesh white1 apt to rot at the core1 half-melting1 not especially juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 fair to good2 ,oct4 ,van ,mons frhe ,pomeranzenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aei4 #ahef4 ,originated by ,van ,mons about #aheb4 ,fruit broadly turbinate1 light green becoming yellow1 thickly dotted1 specked with russet2 stem thick1 one inch long2 flesh half-melting2 second-rate in quality2 ,aug4 ,van ,mons ,sommer ,schmalzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3adb4 #ahef4 ,originated by ,van ,mons of ,belgium about #aheb1 from seed4 ,tree vigorous and productive4 ,fruit medium large1 #b inches wide1 #c-a_/b inches high1 with protuberances1 light green becoming greenish-yellow1 without red1 spotted with russet2 calyx open1 star-shaped2 stem curved1 medium long2 flesh fine1 moderately melting2 last of ,aug4 ,van ,mons spte ,wirthschaftbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahg4 #ahef4 ,said to be a seedling of ,van ,mons originated about #ahed4 ,twigs long1 red2 leaves small4 ,fruit oval1 #b-c_/d inches wide1 #c-a_/b inches high1 with the bulge in the middle1 green becoming yellowish-green2 dots black2 calyx almost closed2 segments erect2 stem woody1 #a inch long2 flesh breaking1 sweet2 last of ,nov4 ,van ,mons ssse ,haushaltsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahb4 #ahef4 ,said to have been originated by ,van ,mons about #aheb4 ,fruit conic-pyriform1 #b-a_/b inches wide1 #c inches tall1 bright green becoming lemon-yellow1 sometimes striped with red1 more or less flecked with russet2 dots not conspicuous2 basin shallow2 stem thick1 #c_/d inch long1 inclined2 flesh yellowish-white1 fine1 smooth1 sweet2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,van ,tertolen ,herbst ,zuckerbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3hi4 #ahef4 ,sucr de ,tertolen4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #a1 #abi1 fig4 #fc4 #ahfh4 ,tertolen ,herbst ,zuckerbirne4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bhi4 #ahhi4 ,of ,dutch origin4 ,tree light green2 petioles long and very slender2 leaves curved and sharply acuminate4 ,fruit nearly medium1 globular-turbinate2 skin rather thick1 green1 with large brown spots2 flesh white1 granular1 buttery1 rather gritty around the core1 acidulous1 perfumed2 first2 ,nov4 ,van de ,weyer ,bates4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ah3dag4 #aheb4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3ga1 fig4 #cbd4 #ahhj4 ,said to have been originated by ,van ,mons about #ahbc4 ,tree vigorous1 large1 rather tall1 an early and good bearer4 ,fruit below medium2 roundish-obovate1 pale yellow1 covered with small brown dots and a few brown veins2 stem short1 rather stout2 calyx large1 open2 flesh yellowish1 buttery1 juicy1 rich1 sugary1 pleasantly aromatic2 a fine late pear2 ,mar4 to ,may4 ,vanderveer4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3aef4 #ahca4 ,originated from seed of ,white ,doyenn with ,dr4 ,adrian ,vanderveer of ,long ,island1 and was named after the originator by ,william ,prince4 ,tree vigorous1 very productive4 ,fruit medium1 yellow1 with a tinge of russet2 flesh melting1 buttery2 ,sept4 ,varuna4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dd4 #ahff4 ,a seedling fruited by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 in #ahfb4 ,tree productive4 ,fruit turbinate1 #c-a_/b inches wide1 #d inches long1 greenish-yellow2 core small2 flesh white1 juicy1 slightly acid2 ,sept4 ,vauquelin4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3aab4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gbc1 fig4 #hhi4 #ahfi4 ,saint-,germain ,vauquelin4 #c4 ,pom4 ,france #b3,no4 #fe1 ,pl4 #fe4 #ahfd4 ,raised by ,m4 ,vauquelin1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 from seed sown about #ahaf4 ,tree vigorous1 pyramidal4 ,fruit medium to above1 obovate-pyriform to oblong-obovate-pyriform1 undulating in outline1 yellow1 brownish next the sun1 with patches and traces of russet and russet dots2 stem inserted without depression2 calyx large1 open2 flesh white1 very juicy1 brisk2 good2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,venusbrust4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3agh4 #ahef4 ,said to have originated in ,thuringia about #agif4 ,tree upright1 leafy1 very productive2 leaves large1 truncate4 ,fruit roundish-turbinate1 rather large1 beautiful bright yellow1 usually red next the sun1 dotted with fine brown dots1 russeted at both ends2 calyx segments short2 flesh coarse-grained1 granular1 aromatic1 sweet2 ,dec4 to ,apr4 ,vergoldete oder wahre graue ,dechantsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ib4 #ahef4 ,said to have originated in ,austria about #ahcf4 ,tree an early bearer4 ,fruit small to above1 roundish-turbinate1 greenish-gray becoming golden1 russeted and dotted with gray1 very agreeable2 ,nov4 ,verguldete ,herbstbergamotte4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #eea4 #ahag4 ,a ,german variety4 ,fruit large1 ,bergamot-form2 skin rough1 yellow-brown and gray1 golden-yellow when ripe2 flesh tender1 breaking and somewhat musky2 end of ,sept4 ,verlaine d't4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3bi1 fig4 #ahei4 ,verlain4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgd4 #ahfi4 ,first reported in #ahbc as a seedling of ,van ,mons4 ,the name ,verlaine d't has been applied to two other varieties1 ,flemish ,beauty and ,bergamotte ,heems4 ,the pear here described is distinct from the former but resembles the latter somewhat closely4 ,tree vigorous1 productive1 carrying its branches horizontal4 ,fruit medium1 oblong1 obovate-pyriform1 pale yellow-orange in the sun1 with patches and dots of brownish-red2 stalk slender1 inserted in a small cavity2 calyx with short1 stiff segments2 flesh white1 half-fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous2 ,sept4 ,vermillion d'en ,haut4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gbf1 fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgd4 #ahfi4 ,originated by ,m4 ,boisbunel1 ,rouen1 ,fr41 and first reported in #aheh4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 productive1 pyramidal4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate-pyriform1 olive-yellow1 shaded with red in the sun2 stem short1 stout1 inserted without depression2 calyx large1 open2 flesh fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 ,sept4 ,vermont4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgd4 #ahfi4 ,supposed to be a seedling which is said to have been taken from ,vermont to ,oswego1 ,n4 ,y41 where it fruited4 ,tree upright4 ,fruit medium or below1 obovate-pyriform1 pale whitish-yellow1 slight red in the sun1 traced1 netted and dotted with russet2 stalk slender2 cavity deep2 calyx with erect segments2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,vernusson4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gbg1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,in #afid this variety was mentioned as having been named after the place ,vernusson in ,anjou1 near ,angers1 ,fr4 ,fruit medium in size1 turbinate1 pale yellow1 shaded with rose on the side next the sun1 covered at the base and apex with brown2 calyx medium1 open2 flesh white1 very fine1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 of first quality2 ,dec4 to middle of ,feb4 ,verte-longue panache4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aie1 ,pl4 ,,xxxvii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3fe1 fig4 #ahec4 ,long ,green ,panache4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hjd4 #ahfi4 ,a striped variety of ,long ,green of ,autumn1 differing from the original in having the wood and fruit striped with green and yellow bands1 and in having the leaves occasionally striped with yellow4 ,verte-,longue de la ,sarthe4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gcb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,grosse ,verte-,longue ,prcoce de la ,sarthe4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3gi1 fig4 #ahhj4 ,a variety well known and esteemed for many years in the country around ,mans in ,france4 ,fruit nearly medium1 globular-conic1 obtuse1 bright green1 speckled with grayish dots1 often rather russeted toward the poles2 at maturity the green changes to greenish-yellow2 flesh whitish1 fine1 very melting1 full of sugary juice1 vinous and relieved with a refreshing savor2 good2 end of ,july4 ,verulam4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #hje1 fig4 #ahee4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #bjb4 #aibj4 ,a very old pear the origin of which is uncertain4 ,tree hardy1 forming a round1 spreading head1 productive4 ,fruit rather large1 almost oval1 rough1 entirely covered with yellowish-brown russet appearing almost black2 stem woody2 calyx open2 flesh crisp1 coarse-grained1 assuming a fine red when cooked2 seldom better than cooking quality2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,vezouzire4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hh4 #ahef4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gcd1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,bergamotte von ,vezouzire4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #agg4 #ahhi4 ,from information gathered by ,andr ,leroy from ,m4 ,hutin1 manager of the nurseries of ,m4 ,lon ,leclerc of ,laval1 it would seem that this variety was found by ,lon ,leclerc in a field near the ,chteau de la ,vezouzire1 ,mayenne1 ,fr4 ,tree vigorous1 productive4 ,fruit medium to below1 roundish-turbinate1 yellowish1 sprinkled with minute gray and green dots2 stalk long1 curved1 inserted in a broad1 shallow cavity2 calyx open1 persistent1 in a wide1 uneven basin2 flesh very juicy1 melting1 sweet2 agreeable2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,vicar ,junior4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ib4 #ahgb4 ,hon4 ,m4 ,p4 ,wilder notes3 ,a seedling of my own from the ,vicar of ,winkfield4 ,large1 long1 ovate-pyriform1 color dull yellow1 with a few traces of russet1 and a brownish1 red cheek2 in shape and color resembling ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey more than its parent4 ,flesh melting1 very juicy and tender1 flavor acidulous and rich4 ',very good4' ,season the whole month of ,october4 ,vice-,prsident ,coppiers4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #crd ,ser4 #cg3fi4 #aije4 ,a chance seedling raised by ,m4 ,coppiers of ,france4 ,fruit medium1 regular-pyriform1 brown1 assuming an orange tint at maturity2 stem moderately long2 calyx slightly depressed2 flesh delicate1 with a slight almond flavor2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,vice-,prsident ,decaye4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bid4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahie4 ,tree of medium vigor1 very productive4 ,fruit medium in size2 flesh very fine1 highly flavored1 sweet2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,vice-,prsident ,delbe4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #bid4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #fd4 #ahie4 ,originated by ,m4 ,sannier1 ,rouen1 ,fr4 ,tree productive1 of good vigor4 ,fruit medium to large1 resembling ,passe ,crassane1 borne in clusters2 flesh fine1 melting1 of a peculiar flavor2 through the winter4 ,vice-,prsident ,delehoye4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #a3ec1 fig4 #bg4 #ahgb4 ,originated by ,m4 ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,tree of good vigor1 an early bearer4 ,fruit medium1 oval to oblong-turbinate1 clear bright yellow2 flesh melting1 juicy1 delicately aromatic2 first2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,victor4 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bce4 #ahhf4 ,miller ,victor4 #b4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bce4 #ahhf4 ,w4 ,p4 ,stark of ,missouri1 one of the introducers of this variety1 states that he received it from ,judge ,s4 ,miller1 who said that it originated in ,chester ,county1 ,pa41 about #ahef4 ,tree said to be little affected by blight4 ,fruit large1 pyriform1 smooth1 greenish-yellow1 slightly blushed2 dots numerous1 small2 flavor subacid to sweet2 ,sept4 ,victoria de ,williams4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aab4 #ahgf4 ,of ,english origin4 ,tree hardy4 ,fruit large1 turbinate1 lemon-yellow1 with patches of brownish-red2 stem fleshy2 flesh fine1 very tender1 melting1 buttery1 very juicy1 richly flavored1 finely perfumed2 first2 ,oct4 ,victorina4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ei1 #fj4 #ahhg4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #agj4 #ahid4 ,a ,russian sort received from ,russia by the ,iowa ,station in #ahgi and again in #ahhb4 ,it is described as a hardy tree free from blight or sun scald and is given two stars for productiveness and quality by ,dr4 ,fischer of ,voronesh1 a ,german pomologist4 ,in this country it is said to be of no commercial importance4 ,vigne4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bdb1 ,pl4 ,,lviii1 fig4 #b4 #agfh4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gcf1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,vine ,pear4 #c4 ,mawe-,abercrombie ,univ4 ,gard4 ,bot4 #aggh4 ,lady4 #d4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3ei4 #ahca4 ,demoiselle4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,verger #c3,pt4 #b1 #ade1 fig4 #afi4 #ahff-gc4 ,said to have originated in ,france1 possibly near ,anjou1 prior to #afge4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 scraggly1 very productive4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 rough1 dull red1 covered with gray specks2 calyx large1 open2 stem long1 slender2 flesh yellowish1 slightly granular1 juicy1 well perfumed2 ,oct4 ,villain ,,xiv4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3dj4 #ahef4 ,said to have originated in ,belgium in #ahbe4 ,tree an early and heavy bearer4 ,fruit medium in size1 variable1 oblong-turbinate1 unequal1 greenish-yellow1 strewn with fine russet dots2 calyx small1 open2 stem thick1 medium in length2 flesh melting1 gritty near the core1 sweetly perfumed2 ,sept4 ,villne de ,saint-,florent4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gci1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,it is said that this variety1 which was known prior to #ahdf1 may have been originated near and named after the village of ,saint-,florent near ,saumur1 ,fr4 ,tree of medium productiveness4 ,fruit large1 variable in shape from ovoid to globular1 unequal1 green dotted with reddish-gray2 flesh breaking2 a cooking pear2 ,oct4 ,vin de ,anglais4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gdj1 fig4 #hii4 #ahfi4 ,an old pear of uncertain origin4 ,tree vigorous1 very productive4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 greenish-yellow1 largely washed with bright red2 flesh juicy1 very sweet1 high in quality2 ,aug4 ,vineuse4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #d3,no4 #adh1 ,pl4 #adh4 #ahei4 ,vineuse ,esperen4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3hi1 fig4 #ahei4 ,raised by ,major ,espren1 ,mechlin1 ,bel41 and introduced about #ahdj4 ,tree vigorous1 productive4 ,fruit medium1 pyriform1 pale yellowish-green1 patched and netted with russet1 dotted with many small1 brown and green dots2 calyx large1 open2 stem short1 fleshy2 flesh yellowish-white1 half-fine1 melting1 very juicy1 vinous1 delicately perfumed2 good2 ,oct4 ,vingt-cinquime ,anniversaire de ,lopold ,ier4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #g3ag1 fig4 #ahei4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gdb1 fig4 #ija4 #ahfi4 ,twenty-fifth ,anniversaire de ,leopold ,i4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hfi4 #ahfi4 ,souvenir de ,leopold ,ier4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #g3aga1 fig4 #eff4 #ahha4 ,obtained by ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 in #ahee4 ,fruit medium1 spherical2 skin fine1 thin1 soft1 very pale green sprinkled with small1 faint grayish dots1 few in number and unequally spaced1 changing to jonquil-yellow2 flesh very white1 fine1 semi-melting1 only fairly juicy1 but saccharine1 with a flavor of sweet wine2 first2 ,oct4 ,virginale du ,mecklembourg4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #d3dc1 fig4 #bad4 #ahgi4 ,originated1 probably in ,mecklenburg1 previous to #ahfd4 ,tree pyramidal1 vigorous1 moderately productive4 ,fruit medium1 regularly conic to conic-pyriform1 bright yellow1 sown with gray dots2 calyx large1 open2 stem rather long1 continuous with the base of the fruit2 flesh white1 half-fine1 breaking1 rather abundant in a rich sugary juice1 agreeably high-flavored2 ,aug4 ,virginie ,baltet4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #edf4 #aijc4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ib1 fig4 #aije4 ,raised1 and introduced in #aijd1 by ,charles ,baltet1 ,troyes1 ,fr4 ,tree vigorous1 pyramidal1 very productive4 ,fruit large to very large1 club-shaped1 oblique at the base1 yellowish1 blushed with red2 stem short2 flesh melting1 juicy1 sugary1 delicately perfumed2 very good2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,virgouleuse4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3bbd1 ,pl4 ,,li4 #agfh4 #b4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3,pl4 ,,xlix1 fig4 #a4 #ahbc4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffa4 #ahhd4 ,this variety originated at the village of ,virgoule1 near ,limoges1 of which the ,marquis ,chambrette was the baron1 and by whom it was first introduced about #afej4 ,from this circumstance it has often been called ,chambrette1 after the marquis4 ,the tree is strong and vigorous but is a late and indifferent bearer and is apt to drop its fruit before ripe4 ,it is said that the fruit is very susceptible to absorbing odors and flavors and must be stored near materials which will improve rather than impair the flavor4 ,in ,europe it is regarded as an excellent dessert pear1 but in this country it has not met with great success4 ,fruit medium to large1 pyriform1 rounded towards the eye and tapering thickly towards the stalk2 skin smooth1 delicate1 lively green becoming a beautiful pale lemon-yellow1 sprinkled with numerous gray and red dots2 calyx small1 open1 set in a small shallow basin2 stem an inch long1 fleshy at the base1 attached with no depression2 flesh yellowish-white1 delicate1 buttery1 melting1 very juicy1 with a sugary and perfumed flavor2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,vital4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bga1 #dbe1 figs4 #aaj1 #aaa4 #ahia4 ,beurr ,vital4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ahe4 #ahhi4 ,found near ,pontoise1 ,fr41 prior to #ahij by ,m4 ,vital4 ,tree vigorous1 productive1 an annual bearer4 ,fruit #c-a_/d in4 long1 #c in4 broad1 resembling ,white ,doyenn1 unequal1 sloping towards both top and bottom but more towards the stem end2 skin beautiful golden-yellow in color2 stem short2 flesh whitish1 melting1 slightly granular1 sweet1 agreeably perfumed2 sometimes keeping as late as ,may4 ,vitrier4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #b3aci1 ,pl4 ,,xliv1 fig4 #d4 #agfh4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #a3ajf4 #ahca4 ,valerius ,cordus1 a botanist1 who died in #aedd1 mentions a ,pyrum ,vitreum common in ,saxony1 and it may be1 then1 that ,vitrier is of this origin4 ,fruit large1 oval1 deep red speckled with brown points on the sunny side and light green dotted with deeper green on the shady side2 stem moderately large1 an inch long2 flesh white but not very delicate1 agreeable2 ,nov4 and ,dec4 ,volkmarserbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ac4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,ii3,no4 #if4 ,pl4 #if4 #ahhc4 ,volkmarsen4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gej1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,it is thought that this pear may have originated near the town of ,volkmarsen1 ,ger41 prior to #agie4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 hardy1 very productive4 ,fruit small1 oval1 yellow1 almost entirely covered with brown1 sprinkled with numerous dots of a brighter color2 calyx open2 flesh half-melting1 juicy1 piquant1 sweetish2 ,sept4 ,von ,zugler4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgg4 #ahfi4 ,said by ,downing in #ahfi to be a new ,belgian variety4 ,tree slender1 productive4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-acute-pyriform1 yellow1 nearly covered with cinnamon-russet2 stem rather short1 inclined in a slight depression by a fleshy lip2 calyx small1 open2 segments short1 erect2 basin small2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly aromatic2 very good2 ,sept4 ,voscovoya4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbj1 #cbc4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fj1 #fa4 #ahhg4 ,waxy4 #c4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbc4 #ahhe4 ,a ,russian variety introduced by the ,iowa ,agricultural ,college from ,p4 ,j4 ,tretjakoff1 ,orel1 ,russia1 about #ahhc1 and said to be an extra fine pear4 ,professor ,budd thought it identical with ,vosovoya or ,waxen4 ,vosschanka4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ag3bia4 #ahid4 ,a variety grown by ,m4 ,mitschurin1 one of the most celebrated ,russian horticulturists1 in the ,russian ,province of ,tambow1 #ec north latitude4 ,fruit medium1 yellow2 flavor excellent1 ripens in the month of ,august1 and keeps till ,october4 ,wade4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,grown by ,i4 ,c4 ,wade1 ,cornelia1 ,ga4 ,fruit rather large1 roundish1 short-pyriform1 irregular1 yellow2 dots raised1 russet1 very prominent2 stem short1 very stout1 fleshy1 inserted in a round1 very small1 shallow1 abrupt1 russeted cavity2 calyx small1 closed1 in shallow1 abrupt basin2 flesh white with yellow fibers1 moderately juicy1 tender1 rather coarse1 nearly sweet2 good2 mid-season4 ,wadleigh4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #aed4 #ahdi4 ,originated in ,new ,hampshire4 ,tree rather hardy1 moderately vigorous4 ,fruit medium1 almost globular1 yellow1 slightly netted and patched with russet2 stem short1 stout1 inserted in a slight cavity1 sometimes by a fold or lip2 basin slight2 calyx with small short lobes2 flesh white1 fine1 a little gritty1 juicy1 melting1 pleasant2 good2 ,sept4 ,wahre ,canning4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ef4 #ahef4 ,said by ,dochnahl to have originated in ,england about #ahdb4 ,tree vigorous and very productive4 ,fruit medium large1 obovate1 bright green becoming greenish-yellow1 often blushed with bright brown1 sparsely dotted2 stem thin1 #a-c_/d inches long2 flesh non-aromatic1 not juicy1 sweet1 becoming mealy2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,wahre ,faustbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3c4 #ahef4 ,according to ,dochnahl this pear originated in ,germany about #ahja4 ,tree very large and productive4 ,fruit very large1 pyriform1 regular1 even yellow1 flecked and dotted with russet2 calyx large1 deep set2 stem an inch long2 ,oct4 ,wahre ,schneebirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aii4 #ahef ,probably a wild pear of ,austria1 first mentioned in #ahaj4 ,fruit round1 green becoming yellow1 somewhat blushed on the sunny side2 dots yellowish2 stem thick1 flesh very sour becoming sweeter2 ,dec4 ,wallis ,kieffer4 #a4 ,stark ,bros4 ,year ,book #e3dj4 #aiad4 ,the introducers of this pear1 ,stark ,brothers ,nurseries and ,orchards ,company1 received it from ,henry ,wallis of ,st4 ,louis ,county1 ,missouri4 ,it is reported as a strong-growing tree1 blight resistant1 and a heavy bearer1 fruit of better quality than ,kieffer and two weeks earlier4 ,warner4 #a4 ,ind4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abc4 #ahhe4 ,originated in ,indiana in #ahcb4 ,tree said to be blight-resistant4 ,fruit medium1 symmetrical1 light yellow2 flesh buttery1 melting1 mild2 fair to good2 last of ,aug4 and first of ,sept4 ,washington4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ahg4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3bif1 fig4 #ahdd4 ,robertson4 #c4 ,n4 ,e4 ,farmer #g3bei4 #ahcj4 ,discovered in a thorn hedge at ,naaman's ,creek1 ,del41 about #ahja1 by ,general ,robertson or ,robinson1 the owner of the land1 and said to have been named by him in honor of his friend and commander1 ,george ,washington4 ,tree vigorous1 not large1 an abundant bearer4 ,fruit medium1 obovate1 ending very obtusely at the stem1 regular1 smooth1 clear yellow with a sprinkling of reddish dots on the sunny side2 stem an inch and a half long1 inserted in a slight depression2 calyx small1 partly closed1 set in a shallow basin2 flesh white1 very juicy1 melting1 sweet1 agreeable2 very good2 ,sept4 ,waterloo4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffc4 #ahhd4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 broad at the apex1 pale green becoming brownish-red1 with a few streaks of brighter red next the sun1 thickly covered with gray russety dots2 stem rather short1 inserted in a small round cavity2 calyx open1 in a deep1 wide1 even basin2 flesh yellowish1 crisp1 juicy1 sugary1 perfumed2 second-rate2 ,sept4 ,watson4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3bab4 #ahdd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgh4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,plymouth1 ,mass41 on the farm of ,william ,watson prior to #ahdc4 ,tree productive4 ,fruit below medium to above1 roundish to obtusely obovate1 yellowish1 covered mostly with russet2 flesh whitish1 coarse1 moderately juicy1 sweet2 of low quality2 early ,sept4 ,webster4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgh4 #ahfi4 ,said to have originated at ,hudson1 ,n4 ,y4 ,tree a moderate grower1 productive4 ,fruit medium1 globular-obtuse-pyriform1 yellow with traces and nettings of russet and many brown dots2 stem long1 slender1 inclined1 set in a small russeted cavity2 calyx open1 segments long1 reflexed2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly aromatic2 good to very good2 ,nov4 ,weeping ,willow4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cg4 #ahfg4 ,a seedling by ,asahel ,foot called ,weeping ,willow1 from the remarkably pendulous habit of the tree1 but the fruit is of third quality4 ,weidenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahi4 #ahef4 ,said to have originated in ,germany about #ahjg4 ,fruit medium large1 pyriform1 uneven1 bright green becoming golden yellow1 often blushed with red and strongly dotted with gray1 flecked with dark spots2 calyx large1 open2 stem crooked1 an inch and a half long2 flesh firm1 fine-grained1 sweet1 aromatic2 ,sept4 ,weidenblttrige ,herbstbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ae4 #ahef4 ,said to have originated in ,wrttemberg1 ,ger41 about #ahcj4 ,tree of medium size4 ,fruit in clusters1 medium large1 pyriform1 pale greenish-yellow1 becoming somewhat striped with red or marked by reddish dots2 ,sept4 ,weihmier ,sugar4 #a4 ,hopedale ,nurs4 ,cat4 #ah4 #aiab4 ,it is said by the ,hopedale ,nursery ,company1 introducer of this variety1 that it is not a new pear but an unknown old one renamed4 ,tree thrifty1 blights somewhat4 ,fruit medium to large and regarded by some as of highest possible flavor4 ,weiler'sche ,mostbirn4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ajg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #agh1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a native of ,austria and valued highly for perry4 ,tree vigorous1 an early and heavy bearer4 ,fruit small1 globular1 greenish-yellow1 dotted1 russet at the apex2 stem medium in length1 somewhat curved and set in a slight depression2 calyx open2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 with a sweet1 aromatic flavor2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,weisse ,fuchsbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ahj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear probably of ,austrian origin4 ,tree rather vigorous1 pyramidal1 becoming more spreading4 ,fruit medium1 usually turbinate1 light yellowish-green1 covered with numerous fine dots1 flaked with russet around stem and calyx2 calyx small1 open2 stem long1 same color as the fruit and continuous with it2 flesh white1 rather fine-grained1 juicy1 sweet2 ,oct4 ,weisse ,hangelbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #gj1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear probably of ,austrian origin4 ,tree vigorous1 broadly pyramidal1 large1 a late but regular and heavy bearer4 ,fruit small1 round1 greenish-yellow1 covered with numerous fine1 brown-russet dots and small russet splotches2 calyx small1 open2 stem short1 inserted without depression2 flesh pure white1 granular1 very juicy1 slightly acid2 ,oct4 ,weisse ,kochbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ajb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear of unknown origin4 ,tree pyramidal1 not a dependable bearer4 ,fruit medium to above1 globular1 light-yellow1 covered with numerous russet dots2 calyx open1 set in a narrow1 abrupt basin2 stem medium1 brown2 flesh pure white1 slightly granular1 very juicy1 pleasantly sweet2 ,oct4 ,weisse ,pelzbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #add1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear of ,austria4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 compact1 an early and regular bearer4 ,fruit medium1 variable1 turbinate1 greenish-yellow to yellowish-white1 heavily dotted and splotched with russet1 especially about stem and calyx1 often marked with scab spots2 calyx open2 stem medium1 strong1 set with little or no depression2 flesh yellowish-white1 slightly granular1 juicy1 sweetish1 sometimes slightly bitter2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,welbeck ,bergamot4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hi4 #ahde4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffc4 #ahhd4 ,bergamotte ,welbeck4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #e3hg1 fig4 #ccb4 #ahhj4 ,fruit above medium1 roundish1 uneven in outline1 bossed about the stalk1 smooth1 shining1 lemon-yellow1 thickly sprinkled with large russet specks1 blushed with light crimson on side next the sun2 calyx small1 open1 set in a shallow depression2 stem medium1 inserted in an uneven cavity2 flesh white1 rather coarse-grained1 half-melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 without flavor2 inferior2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,wellington4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dc4 #ahfd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgi4 #ahfi4 ,this1 with other seedlings1 was imported from ,france about #ahed by ,a4 ,wellington1 ,braintree1 ,mass4 ,it was exhibited before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society in #ahfd4 ,it may be that there is a second ,wellington pear1 or even a third1 for in #aheb there was exhibited before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society ,wellington1 7two varieties74 ,a description of a ,wellington pear is given in the ,magazine of ,horticulture of the following year1 while in #ahed the ,american ,pomological ,society included a variety of similar name in its list of rejected fruits4 ,at all events1 the pear herein described is the one now known as ,wellington4 ,fruit large1 similar in shape to ,beurr d',anjou1 but longer1 yellow1 clouded with green2 calyx small1 open1 with short1 stiff1 slightly incurved lobes1 basin shallow2 stem very short1 set in a slight cavity2 flesh yellowish-white1 somewhat coarse1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 with a peculiar confectionery flavor or aroma2 ,nov4 ,welsche ,bratbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3b4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #bf2 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear of first rank which is said to have originated in ,wrttemberg about #ahbc4 ,tree a very late yet regular and productive bearer4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-oval to turbinate1 whitish1 splotched with yellowish-green1 covered with numerous fine russet dots2 calyx large1 open1 star-shaped2 stem medium1 rather stout1 set in a small cavity as though stuck into the fruit2 flesh greenish-white1 granular1 slightly firm1 juicy1 sweet2 last of ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,weltz4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #eb4 #ahga4 ,a seedling introduced by ,leo ,weltz1 ,wilmington1 ,ohio4 ,fruit large1 oblong-obovate-pyriform1 good for cooking only4 ,wendell4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3dfj4 #ahej4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgi4 #ahfi4 ,the name given1 in honor of ,h4 ,wendell1 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 to one of ,van ,mons' seedlings which fruited in the ,pomological ,garden at ,salem previous to #ahej4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 upright1 productive4 ,fruit rather small to medium1 roundish-pyriform1 yellow1 having a somewhat russety skin1 tinged with red on the sunny side1 sprinkled with dots2 calyx small1 partially open2 stem short1 stout2 flesh whitish1 fine-grained1 juicy1 melting1 buttery1 sweet1 pleasant2 good2 ,sept4 ,wesner4 #a4 ,n4 ,j4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cb4 #ahhf4 ,a pear from ,w4 ,d4 ,wesner1 ,prairiesville1 ,ark41 which is said to be a very productive early variety and one that may be valuable for shipping4 ,westcott4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3eae4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3bfa1 fig4 #cj4 #ahea4 ,trescott4 #c4 ,horticulturist #b3bda1 #bhg4 #ahdg4 ,the ,westcott1 or ,wescott1 and the ,trescott are the same4 ,through a typographical error in the description of ,westcott1 later corrected1 the name ,trescott first appeared4 ,westcott originated on the farm of ,niles ,westcott in ,cranston1 ,r4 ,i41 previous to #ahdg4 ,tree vigorous1 an early bearer1 productive4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-obovate1 occasionally slightly flattened laterally1 greenish-yellow becoming a light orange-yellow1 covered with numerous minute russet dots and with many conspicuous specks of the same color2 calyx medium1 open1 set in a shallow basin2 stem very long1 rather slender1 curved1 inserted by a fleshy nob in a shallow cavity2 flesh whitish1 rather coarse1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 agreeable2 good2 last of ,sept4 and early ,oct4 ,westphlische ,melonenbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aaf4 #ahef4 ,first reported from ,westphalia and ,thuringia1 ,ger41 about #ahjc4 ,tree very productive4 ,fruit oblong-obovate1 pale green becoming pale yellow2 dots grayish2 skin thick2 calyx open2 stem rather short2 flesh yellowish1 deliciously melon-flavored2 ,jan4 and ,feb4 ,westrumb4 #a4 ,liebel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #acb4 #ahbe4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3ged1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,van ,mons about #ahbe4 ,tree very productive4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 greenish-yellow1 overcast with bronze and netted with gray2 heavily dotted2 stem very short1 thick1 continuous with the fruit2 flesh very juicy1 of a very savory perfume2 of highest quality2 ,sept4 ,wetmore4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hgi4 #ahfi4 ,raised by ,e4 ,b4 ,wetmore1 ,westmoreland1 ,n4 ,y4 ,tree upright1 vigorous4 ,fruit small1 roundish-oval1 pale yellow1 with nettings and patches of russet1 and thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 stem long1 slender1 set in a small cavity1 sometimes by a lip2 calyx open2 lobes short1 erect2 basin shallow1 slightly corrugated2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 aromatic2 good to very good2 ,oct4 ,wharton ,early4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #efj4 #aheg4 ,prcoce de ,wharton4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aac4 #ahgf4 ,origin unknown4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-acute-pyriform1 pale yellow1 with traces of russet1 and thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 stem long1 curved1 rather slender1 set in a slight cavity1 sometimes by a lip2 calyx open in a small basin2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 slightly musky2 good to very good2 ,aug4 ,wheeler4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bd3eje1 fig4 #ba4 #aheh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hhj4 #ahfi4 ,about #ahcf a maiden lady of ,greenwich1 ,r4 ,i41 planted the core of a ,gardener pear1 from which sprang a tree1 fruit of which was brought to the attention of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society by ,dr4 ,wheeler of ,greenwich in #ahea4 ,the ,society named the pear in honor of ,dr4 ,wheeler4 ,tree vigorous1 upright4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-obovate1 pale yellowish-green1 mottled with greenish patches and dotted with numerous gray and green dots2 stem medium1 set in a small contracted cavity2 calyx open1 set in an uneven1 abrupt basin2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant2 good2 ,aug4 ,whieldon4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #abg1 fig41 ,pl4 ,,xi4 #ahfc4 ,mc,lellan4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aea4 #ahfb4 ,originated in the garden of ,wm4 ,w4 ,whieldon1 ,concord1 ,mass41 and first brought to notice about #ahfb4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 upright-spreading1 a profuse bearer4 ,fruit medium or above1 obtuse-obovate1 yellowish-green1 tinged with red in the sun1 dotted and netted with russet1 stem long1 slender1 slightly inclined1 set in a shallow cavity2 calyx open1 set in a medium sized1 uneven basin2 segments recurved2 flesh whitish1 a little gritty near the core1 juicy1 melting1 buttery1 sweet1 pleasant1 slightly aromatic2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,white ,genneting4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eic4 #afbi4 ,the ,white ,genneting is a reasonable good peare1 yet not equall to the other4 ,white ,longland4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffd4 #ahhd4 ,said to be a good stewing pear1 cooking to a splendid red color1 but coarse and rough in flavor2 also used for perry4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 even1 regular1 yellowish-green1 pale red next the sun1 thickly sprinkled with large russet dots1 with lines of russet and a patch round the stalk2 calyx open1 set in a shallow basin2 stem rather short1 straight1 inserted in a narrow1 shallow cavity2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 coarse-grained1 with a brisk1 sweet juice4 ,white ,seedling4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3ebb4 #ahec4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hha4 #ahfi4 ,semis de ,white4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #ge1 #bib4 #ahie4 ,a native of ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 exhibited in #ahec4 ,tree vigorous1 very productive4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-obovate to oblong-obovate1 greenish-yellow1 sometimes with a brownish-blush in the sun1 considerably netted and patched with russet1 sprinkled with many russet dots2 stem long1 inclined1 set in a shallow cavity1 often by a fleshy lip2 calyx open1 with short1 erect lobes1 set in a small1 uneven basin2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 melting2 sweet1 aromatic2 good to very good2 ,oct4 to ,feb4 ,white ,squash4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffd4 #ahhd4 ,a ,herefordshire1 ,eng41 perry pear4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-turbinate1 even and regular in outline1 yellowish-green1 strewn with small russety dots1 with here and there a patch of russet1 but always russety round the stalk and the calyx2 calyx open1 set in a saucer-like basin2 stem medium1 inserted without depression and with a fleshy swelling on one side2 flesh coarse1 crisp1 very juicy1 harshly astringent4 ,white ,star4 #a4 ,spring ,hill ,nurs4 ,cat4 #aj1 fig4 #aiba4 ,tree reported as hardy1 productive and fruit as of the size of ,bartlett1 keeping until ,may and ,june1 and good for dessert4 ,whitfield4 #a4 ,cultivator #ff4 #ahci4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3bif4 #ahej4 ,placed on the list of ,rejected ,fruits by the second ,congress of ,fruit ,growers in #ahej4 ,tree a good bearer4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-obovate1 yellowish-brown1 buttery1 very good2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,wiest4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ah3dib4 #aheb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hhb4 #ahfi4 ,reported from ,pennsylvania in #aheb4 ,tree vigorous1 an early bearer1 inclined to be alternate4 ,fruit medium or below1 roundish-obovate1 green1 shaded with dull red and sprinkled with green and gray dots2 stem rather stout1 medium in length2 calyx small1 closed2 lobes connivent2 flesh whitish-green1 juicy1 melting1 subacid2 good2 ,sept4 ,wilbur4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3baa4 #ahdd4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hhb4 #ahfi4 ,early ,wilbur4 #c4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #d4 #ahdc4 ,the original tree1 which was found growing wild in a piece of mowing land on the farm of ,d4 ,wilbur1 ,jr41 in ,somerset1 ,mass41 was said in #ahdd to be #ff years old4 ,shoots slender1 light olive-brown4 ,fruit below medium1 roundish-obovate1 dull green1 becoming pale yellow1 slightly netted and patched with russet1 and thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 stem small1 set in a small cavity2 calyx open2 segments long2 basin small2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 melting1 slightly astringent2 good2 ,sept4 ,wilde ,filzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3a4 #ahef4 ,a wild pear reported from ,belgium about #ahjj4 ,fruit small1 roundish1 greenish1 becoming yellowish1 dotted with gray2 stem long2 flesh acid1 becoming sweetish2 poor2 fall and winter4 ,may be used for dwarfing4 ,wilde ,herrnbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3ahh4 #ahef4 ,reported from ,germany about #ahjd4 ,tree very large4 ,fruit medium1 broad1 bright green becoming yellowish-green1 often somewhat blushed on the sunny side1 often flecked and patched with russet2 dots light gray2 stem rather long1 inserted by a fleshy protuberance2 flesh white1 slightly musky1 sweet2 fair and below2 ,sept4 ,wilde ,holzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aif4 #ahef4 ,reported as wild and widely disseminated as early as #afda2 its seedlings are said sometimes to be used for stocks4 ,tree very large and productive4 ,fruit small1 round1 green1 dotted with light russet2 seeds numerous1 dark brown2 flesh very acid2 ,oct4 ,wilder ,sugar4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #aibj4 ,reported by ,orange ,county ,nursery ,company1 ,anaheim1 ,cal41 as ,medium large1 greenish yellow shaded brown1 excellent quality4 ,vigorous and productive4 ,august4 ,wilding von ,einsiedel4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3b4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ahb1 fig4 #aiac4 ,this perry pear1 which has also been recommended as a street tree1 was reported from ,wrttemberg about #ahcb4 ,tree very vigorous1 pyramidal1 not leafy1 very productive4 ,fruit bluntly conic pyriform1 small1 greenish-yellow1 brownish on side next the sun2 covered with characteristic brown to reddish-brown dots1 russeted about stem and calyx2 calyx half open2 stem short1 thick2 flesh juicy1 firm1 acid2 ,oct4 ,wilding von ,gronau4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3if4 #ahef4 ,reported from ,hesse1 ,ger41 about #ahdd4 ,fruit small1 blunt1 broad-conic-pyriform1 yellow1 blushed on the sunny side1 flecked and dotted with gray1 russeted about base and apex2 calyx closed2 stem short2 flesh sweet-scented1 sweet2 end of ,sept4 ,wilford4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,a good and fair pear4 ,wilkinson4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ahg4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3dgj1 fig4 #be4 #ahed4 ,this pear1 one of the oldest ,american kinds1 was introduced by the exhibition of specimens before the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society1 in ,october1 #ahbi1 and given the name ,wilkinson1 in compliment to the owner of the farm on which the tree originated and was then growing1 ,mr4 ,jeremiah ,wilkinson1 ,cumberland1 ,r4 ,i41 brother of the noted ,jemima ,wilkinson4 ,tree thrifty1 hardy1 a regular bearer2 shoots long1 upright1 stout1 olive-yellow1 with oblong white specks4 ,fruit medium1 ovoid1 obtuse at both ends1 smooth1 glossy1 yellow dotted with brown points2 stem rather long1 rather stout1 inserted obliquely in a rather wide and deep cavity2 calyx medium1 open1 set in a shallow basin2 flesh very white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 rich1 with a slight perfume2 good2 ,oct4 to ,dec4 ,wilkinson ,winter4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aac4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,ibid4 #hc4 #ahhj4 ,a variety raised near ,peoria1 ,ill41 from seed planted by ,a4 ,wilkinson1 and first reported before the ,illinois ,state ,horticultural ,society about #ahgf4 ,tree said to be hardy1 vigorous1 productive1 blight-resistant4 ,fruit said to be large1 golden2 very good2 season until spring4 ,willermoz4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3hf1 #dfa4 #ahed4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gef1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,fruited with ,m4 ,bivort1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 in #ahdh4 ,tree an extremely good grower1 forming a fine pyramidal growth1 with young shoots dark1 dull1 olive-brown1 very productive4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 tinged with red1 with nettings and some large patches of russet and with many small russet dots2 stem medium1 rather stout1 inclined1 set in a small cavity2 calyx open or partially closed1 set in an abrupt basin2 flesh whitish1 buttery1 juicy1 melting1 coarse at core1 slightly vinous2 good to very good2 ,nov4 to ,jan4 ,william4 #a4 ,cultivator #age1 fig4 #h4 #ahde4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aa3beb4 #ahde4 ,william ,edwards4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dbj4 #ahde4 ,this seedling pear is said to be a species of ,virgoulouse1 and was raised by ,governor ,h4 ,w4 ,edwards of ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 previous to #ahde4 ,tree very productive4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform1 terminating rather abruptly at the stalk1 yellow1 becoming profusely dotted with red and russet points or dots on the sunny side2 flesh yellowish-white1 sweet1 buttery1 not juicy or melting enough for dessert purposes but good for baking2 ,sept4 ,william ,prince4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3dgb4 #ahea4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hhc4 #ahfi4 ,other than that this variety was reported from the ,united ,states about #ahdh1 nothing of its origin is known4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 productive4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-pyriform1 greenish-yellow1 shaded with crimson in the sun1 covered with many brown dots2 stem medium to below2 calyx open1 set in a shallow basin2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet2 good to very good2 ,sept4 and ,oct4 ,williams ,double ,bearing4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3bae4 #ahcb4 ,raised from a seed of the ,saint ,germain1 in the garden of ,mrs4 ,williams1 ,salem1 ,mass4 ,tree said to bear two crops1 the fruit of the first of the size herein mentioned and ripening in early ,october1 that of the second much smaller and ripening from two to four weeks later4 ,fruit large1 resembles its parent but greater in diameter2 flesh of fine quality1 melting1 but not highly flavored4 ,williams ,early4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #c3ea4 #ahcg4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ad3cdd1 fig4 #cg4 #ahdh4 ,originated with ,aaron ,davis ,williams on his farm in ,roxbury1 ,mass41 probably about #ahcj4 ,tree a moderate grower1 young shoots brownish red4 ,fruit medium to below1 roundish-pyriform1 ending obtusely at the stem1 yellow1 covered with bright crimson and thickly sprinkled with scarlet dots on the sunny side2 stem rather long1 stout1 slightly fleshy at the base1 inserted without any cavity2 calyx open1 slightly sunken in a furrowed basin2 flesh yellowish-white1 a little coarse-grained at first1 becoming juicy1 half buttery1 with a slight musky flavor2 good2 middle of ,sept4 ,williams d',hiver4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gfj1 figs4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,am4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #i3bai1 fig4 #ahga4 ,williams ,winter4 #c4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #chj4 #aijb4 ,raised by ,m4 ,leroy1 ,angers1 ,fr41 and first fruited in #ahfb4 ,tree vigorous1 productive4 ,fruit blunt-pyriform1 variable in shape1 somewhat bossed1 yellow1 finely dotted and veined with yellow in basin1 with lightish gray about stalk and on face next the sun2 stem short1 strong1 thick1 set rather obliquely and often to one side of the axis2 calyx medium1 half-closed1 slightly sunken2 flesh white1 very fine1 very melting1 very juicy1 sugary1 acidulated1 with a fine1 fresh perfume1 ,dec4 to ,feb4 ,williams panache4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #hj1 #cab4 #ahgf4 ,from the name1 it is to be supposed that this is merely a striped-leaf variety of ,bartlett4 ,williamson4 #a4 ,horticulturist #f3did4 #ahea4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hhc4 #ahfi4 ,this seedling sprang up in a piece of woodland belonging to ,nicholas ,williamson on the south side of ,long ,island4 ,tree hardy1 vigorous1 a good bearer4 ,fruit medium1 roundish-obovate to roundish-oblate1 obtuse at stem1 greenish-yellow1 sprinkled with russet dots and considerably russeted at both ends2 stem short1 stout1 set in a medium sized cavity2 calyx open1 often wanting1 set in a deep1 rather narrow basin2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather coarse1 half-melting1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous2 good to slightly above2 ,oct4 ,wilmington4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ij4 #ahef4 #b4 ,horticulturist #ab3aaa1 fig4 #aheg4 ,this is a seedling of ,passe ,colmar1 raised in #ahdg by ,dr4 ,brinckl of ,philadelphia1 and first fruited in #ahee4 ,tree a moderate grower1 late bearer2 young wood dull yellowish-brown4 ,fruit medium1 obtuse-pyriform to roundish-ovate1 greenish-yellow1 netted and patched with russet1 thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 stem long1 curved1 inserted obliquely in a small cavity1 often by a lip2 calyx medium1 open1 set in a wide1 moderately deep basin2 flesh whitish green1 juicy1 buttery1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant1 slightly aromatic2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,windsor4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib1 fig4 #aj4 #afbi4 #b4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #bjd4 #aibj4 ,madame4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3cfi1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,summer ,bell4 #d4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ega4 #ahhe4 ,according to ,leroy this variety originated in ,holland1 and was published in #agga under the name ,hallemine ,bonne by ,knoop4 ,in ,french gardens it received the name ,madame4 ,in ,england1 ,windsor is often called ,cuisse ,madame4 ,a ,windsor1 which appears to be identical with the ,windsor of ,knoop1 is described by ,english writers as early as #afbi4 ,hogg quotes an ,english writer as saying1 ,it was raised from seed of the ,cuisse ,madame1 by a person of the name of ,williamson 444 before #agej4 ,moreover1 it is mentioned in #aeib as being cultivated about ,naples1 and #aefc in ,england4 ,what the origin is appears undeterminable4 ,tree one of the strongest growers1 upright1 tall1 a regular and abundant bearer2 shoots remarkably stout1 perfectly upright1 dark brown4 ,fruit large1 pyriform or bell-shaped1 very smooth1 greenish becoming pale yellow2 stem long1 fairly stout1 inserted without depression2 calyx open1 set on level with prominent ribs around2 flesh white1 tender1 buttery1 rather coarse-grained1 slightly acid1 somewhat astringent2 rots at the core2 ,aug4 ,winship4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #aj3bab4 #ahdd4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ac3dhe1 fig4 #da4 #ahdg4 ,originated in the nurseries of the ,messrs4 ,winship1 ,brighton1 ,mass41 about #ahcb4 ,tree vigorous1 an early and productive bearer2 young wood yellowish-reddish-brown4 ,fruit medium1 oblong-acute-pyriform1 greenish-yellow with traces and patches of russet2 stem long1 rather slender1 inserted with no cavity2 calyx large1 closed1 set in a small1 corrugated basin2 flesh white1 rather coarse1 not juicy1 not melting2 poor to fair2 ,aug4 ,winslow4 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahff4 ,a seedling pear fruited by ,s4 ,a4 ,shurtleff1 ,brookline1 ,mass41 in #ahfe1 and described by him as1 ,diam4 #b-a_/b inches2 color1 brown russet2 flesh1 sweet1 juicy1 buttery and high flavored2 ripens well4 ,oct4 #ba4 ,roundish4 ,winter4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fj4 #ahhg4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #c3gd4 #ahhh4 ,osimaya4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fj4 #ahhg4 ,received by the ,iowa ,agricultural ,college in #ahgi from ,r4 ,shroeder1 ,moscow1 ,russia4 ,the tree is said to be hardy and free from blight and the fruit to be large than ,bessemianka1 quite as good in quality1 and in season in central ,russia the last days of ,september4 ,winter ,jonah4 #a4 ,n4 ,j4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bad4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dbb4 #aijc4 ,tree a medium grower4 ,fruit medium1 roundish1 pale yellow with a faint blush on the sunny side1 a few small1 dark greenish-yellow spots1 and many small1 gray dots2 stem medium1 short1 set in a very slight depression2 calyx large1 open1 set in a narrow and shallow basin2 winter4 ,winter ,pear4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3ge4 #ahed4 ,sent to the ,fruit ,committee of the ,pennsylvania ,horticultural ,society in #ahed by ,charles ,kessler1 ,reading1 ,pa4 ,fruit medium1 roundish1 yellow1 scarcely good in quality4 ,winter ,popperin4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #eib4 #afbi4 ,one of two very good dry firme peares1 somewhat spotted1 and brownish on the outside4 ,winter ,rousselet4 #a4 ,mawe-,abercrombie ,univ4 ,gard4 ,bot4 #aggh4 ,rousselet d',hiver4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3eic1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,an ancient ,french pear of unknown origin1 though it was described by ,claude ,saint-tienne in #afgj and by ,duhamel in the eighteenth century4 ,fruit small1 turbinate1 more or less obtuse1 usually somewhat contracted toward the top1 and often depressed on one side and mammillate on the other1 yellow-green dotted with gray russet and blushed with reddish-brown on the face exposed to the sun2 flesh white1 semi-breaking1 watery1 rather granular1 juice abundant1 saccharine1 rarely having much aroma and sometimes acid2 second2 ,feb4 and ,mar4 ,winter ,seckel4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #efb4 #aheg4 ,said to have originated near ,fredericksburg1 ,va41 and to have been introduced by ,h4 ,r4 ,roby4 ,fruit small1 obovate1 yellow1 with a brownish cheek in sun1 patched and netted with russet1 and covered with many large and brown dots2 stem slender2 calyx large1 open2 flesh white1 a little coarse at core1 juicy1 half-melting4 ,winter ,sweet ,sugar4 #a4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #b3aea1 ,pl4 #ha4 #ahbc4 ,tree productive4 ,fruit turbinate1 greenish1 juicy1 sweet1 not very richly flavored2 will keep till ,march4 ,winter ,williams4 #a4 ,garden #fg3ah4 #aije4 ,a cross between ,bartlett and ,glou ,morceau shown before the ,royal ,horticultural ,society in #aije by ,messrs4 ,james ,veitch ,sons1 ,england4 ,fruit said to resemble ,glou ,morceau in shape2 skin yellow2 flavor like ,bartlett2 later than ,bartlett4 ,winterbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3gj4 #ahef4 ,reported from northern ,germany about #aggc4 ,fruit medium1 turbinate1 smooth1 bright green1 dotted with gray2 stem long2 flesh yellowish1 half breaking1 sweetish2 ,dec4 to ,apr4 ,winterliebesbirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cja4 #ahhi4 ,poire d',amour d',hiver4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #f3ae1 fig4 #cib4 #ahhj4 ,this pear is of ,german origin and bears also the name of ,kirschbirnen or ,church ,pear4 ,fruit small or nearly medium1 conic or globular-conic1 sometimes short and sometimes long2 skin thick1 firm1 rough1 water-green with numerous and conspicuous brown dots2 changing to pale yellow covered over a large area of the side next the sun with a vivid currant red on the central part and more brown on the borders2 flesh white1 coarse1 breaking1 a little gritty around the core1 juice sufficient in quantity and sweet1 vinous and musky2 good for kitchen purposes and keeps a long time2 ,oct4 and ,nov4 ,winterrobine4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ejj4 #ahag4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aaa4 #ahef4 ,thuringia1 ,ger41 #agii4 ,fruit fairly large1 ventriculous-conic1 obtuse2 apex inclined1 sides unequal1 green turning yellow-green1 often somewhat blushed1 dotted with dark green1 speckled with russet2 flesh gritty near the center1 whitish-yellow1 sweet1 musky1 buttery1 melting1 aromatic2 first for all purposes2 ,jan4 to ,mar4 ,witte ,princesse4 #a4 ,knoop ,pomologie #if1 #aci1 fig4 #agga4 ,an old pear1 probably of ,french origin4 ,tree vigorous1 productive4 ,fruit medium to above1 oblong-pyriform1 drawn to a point at the stem2 whitish-yellow or whitish-green1 dotted with pale brown dots and occasionally patched here and there with brown2 stem medium to above in length2 flesh mellow1 gritty1 agreeably but not highly flavored2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,wolfsbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3b4 #ahef4 #b4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #ajd1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear common to ,wrttemberg from an early date4 ,tree medium vigorous1 large1 roundish1 a late but good bearer4 ,fruit medium1 roundish1 yellow1 covered with russet dots1 devoid of red2 calyx large1 open2 stem very long1 set obliquely without depression2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 acid2 ,oct4 ,woodbridge ,seckel4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aba4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hhe4 #ahfi4 ,in #ahfj a ,mr4 ,woodbridge1 ,detroit1 ,mich41 exhibited a seedling known as ,no4 #b before the ,fruit ,committee of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,this seedling was subsequently named ,woodbridge ,seckel4 ,tree moderately vigorous4 ,fruit small1 pyriform1 pale yellow1 shaded and marbled with crimson in the sun1 thickly sprinkled with brown and crimson dots2 stem long1 slender2 calyx open2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 vinous2 very good1 but rapidly decays at the core2 ,sept4 ,woodstock4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bja4 #ahef4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #daf4 #ahei4 ,said to have originated at ,woodstock1 ,vt41 and first reported about #ahef4 ,tree a moderate grower1 very productive2 young wood olive-brown4 ,fruit medium to below1 roundish-obtuse to obovate-pyriform1 pale yellow1 netted and patched1 and thickly sprinkled with russet dots2 stem long1 rather slender1 inserted in a small cavity1 often by a lip2 calyx large1 open1 placed in a rather deep1 abrupt basin2 lobes long1 slender1 persistent2 flesh white1 juicy1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant1 slightly musky2 good to very good2 ,sept4 ,worden ,meadow4 #a4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #b3cdj4 #ahde4 ,schuyler ,worden1 who originated the ,worden grape1 stated in #ahde that he had raised this pear in ,oswego1 ,n4 ,y41 from grafts given him by an old countryman4 ,tree vigorous1 productive4 ,fruit medium to large1 shape variable and surface uneven2 skin yellow at maturity2 flesh fine-grained1 melting1 juicy1 sweet1 with a musky flavor2 ripens about the middle of ,sept4 ,wrlesbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3aid4 #ahef4 ,a perry pear reported from ,wrttemberg about #ahcj4 ,tree not vigorous1 large1 long-lived1 very productive4 ,fruit small1 oval or pyriform1 solid bright green1 turning lemon-yellow1 numerously dotted with gray1 somewhat flecked with russet2 calyx in a slight depression2 flesh juicy1 acid1 bitter4 ,wormsley ,grange4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #ahg4 #ahcb4 ,this is a variety which is said to have been sent to the ,hon4 ,john ,lowell by ,mr4 ,knight with the remarks that it requires to be gathered before it is quite ripe and that it is a variety of first-rate excellence in ,herefordshire1 ,eng4 ,in #ahdb it was listed as having been removed from the gardens of the ,london ,horticultural ,society because of inferior merit4 ,wurzer4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #aad4 #ahbe4 ,wurzer d',automne4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3bif4 #ahej4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bdj4 #ahed4 ,reported from ,belgium about #ahba4 ,tree vigorous1 leafy1 thorny4 ,fruit rather large1 pyriform1 solid green1 becoming covered with russet1 heavily dotted with reddish-brown2 calyx small1 set in a shallow basin2 stem medium long1 fleshy1 set in a rather deep cavity2 flesh pithy1 sweet1 vinous2 ,nov4 ,yat4 #a4 ,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #cea4 #ahca4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #b3gfb1 fig4 #ahfi4 ,gute ,graue4 #c4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #abd4 #ahbe4 ,beurr ,gris d't de ,hollande4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,verger #b3he1 fig4 #da4 #ahff-gc4 ,beurr ,gris d't4 #e4 ,guide ,prat4 #gj1 #bde4 #ahgf4 ,this pear is said to have been brought to ,england from ,holland about #aggj by ,thomas ,harvey4 ,it is not to be confused with the ,grise-,bonne4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 hardy1 very productive4 ,fruit variable1 small to above medium1 obovate-pyriform to oblong-turbinate1 green1 thickly covered with russet1 sprinkled with numerous gray specks1 sometimes colored brownish-red when exposed to the sun2 calyx small1 open1 set in a shallow basin2 stem rather long1 slender1 obliquely inserted without depression and often by a fleshy protuberance2 flesh white1 tender1 melting1 juicy with a rich1 sugary and highly perfumed flavor2 rated as of little value by ,downing1 of first quality by ,mas1 as highly estimable by the ,germans1 and as an excellent early pear by ,hogg2 ,aug4 and ,sept4 ,yellow ,huff-cap4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ffi4 #ahhd4 ,a ,herefordshire perry pear4 ,fruit quite small1 obovate or turbinate1 entirely covered with rough brown russet1 and with only portions of the ground color showing through in specks2 calyx small1 open1 with short horny segments1 set even with the surface2 stem rather long1 inserted without depression2 flesh yellowish1 with a greenish tinge4 ,youngken ,winter ,seckel4 ,according to correspondence this pear was raised from seed of ,seckel by ,david ,youngken1 ,richlandtown1 ,pa41 about #ahfh4 ,the tree is reported as being upright and prolific1 and the fruit as keeping through the winter4 ,zache4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #agg3ci4 #ahii4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ahg3ge4 #aija4 ,a ,chinese sand pear1 of value only as a novelty1 grown at the ,south ,haven ,substation of the ,michigan ,agricultural ,experiment ,station in #ahid4 ,tree a fine1 strong grower with large1 thick1 glossy leaves4 ,fruit roundish oblate1 resembling an apple in appearance1 orange with many light yellowish dots and specks2 flesh coarse1 crisp2 poor2 winter4 ,zapfenbirn4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #eei4 #ahag4 ,tree large1 very productive4 ,fruit long-acute-pyriform1 yellow1 finely dotted2 flesh breaking1 not juicy1 musky2 used for drying and for cooking2 early winter4 ,zarskaja4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahhj4 ,reported by ,j4 ,l4 ,budd to be a ,russian variety which has gritty thorn-like wood and which therefore does not unite well when grafted upon apple stock4 ,znon4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cjb4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #fb4 #ahie4 ,of ,european origin1 first reported in #ahhd4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 producing excellent fruit upon quince stock4 ,fruit medium1 of the form of ,white ,doyenn2 flesh very fine1 juicy1 sweet1 agreeable1 slightly aromatic1 granular near the core2 first2 end of autumn4 ,zphirin ,grgoire4 #a4 ,horticulturist #i3gh1 fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3gi1 fig4 #ahee4 #c4 ,bunyard ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 #bje4 #aibj4 ,m4 ,grgoire1 pomologist1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel41 raised this variety supposedly from seeds of ,passe ,colmar about #ahca4 ,tree pyramidal1 vigorous1 very productive1 succeeds best upon pear stock2 young wood smooth1 light olive-yellow-brown4 ,fruit medium to above1 roundish-obovate1 pale greenish-yellow1 becoming uniform pale waxen-yellow1 covered with patches of russet and many green and gray dots1 often reddish in the sun2 stem medium in length1 fleshy1 very fleshy at insertion1 set obliquely without depression2 calyx small1 open1 set in a slight depression2 lobes long2 flesh yellowish-white1 buttery1 melting1 juicy1 rich1 sugary1 vinous1 highly aromatic2 good to very good2 ,nov4 to ,feb4 ,zphirin ,louis4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3ie1 fig4 #ahef4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #hhf4 #ahfi4 ,this pear was raised by ,m4 ,xavier ,grgoire1 ,jodoigne1 ,bel4 ,it was first reported in #ahdi4 ,tree a moderately healthy grower1 rather scraggly1 moderately productive4 ,fruit medium or below1 roundish1 slightly obovate1 greenish-yellow1 rusty-red becoming bright vermilion in the sun1 thickly sprinkled with large dark brown-russet patches and dots2 stem very short1 inserted in a small round cavity2 calyx small1 open1 set in a deep basin2 flesh yellowish-white1 tinged with green1 coarse-grained1 crisp1 rather half melting1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly aromatic2 good2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,zieregger ,mostbirne4 #a4 ,lschnig ,mostbirnen #adf1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a perry pear which is said to have sprung from seed in ,styria4 ,tree medium1 roundish1 a rather late and rather light bearer4 ,fruit roundish-oblate1 medium in size1 similar to ,rummelter ,birne but smaller1 greenish-yellow1 finely dotted1 russeted2 stem short1 thick1 brown2 calyx half open to open1 with erect lobes2 flesh granular1 whitish-green1 not especially juicy1 rich in sugar2 ,oct4 ,zimmtfarbige ,schmalzbirne4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3eh4 #ahef4 ,middle ,germany2 first published in #ahbf4 ,fruit rather large1 pyramidal1 often obtuse1 slightly ribbed2 skin rough1 entirely covered with light cinnamon russet1 without dots2 flesh granular and pulpy1 sweet2 third for dessert1 very good for household use2 ,oct4 ,zink ,pfalzgrafenbirne4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cjb4 #ahhi4 ,weisse ,pfalzgrafenbirne4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #b3di4 #ahef4 ,reported from ,germany about #agff4 ,tree a late but productive bearer4 ,fruit medium1 bulging pyriform1 irregular1 greenish-yellow1 becoming lemon yellow1 often blushed1 dotted with yellow1 later dotted with brown and green2 stem thick1 fleshy1 rather long2 calyx open2 lobes long2 flesh sweet1 perfumed2 fair2 early ,sept4 ,zoar ,beauty4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3aaj4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #cdg1 fig4 #ahed4 ,belle de ,zoar4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #aab1 #bcd4 #ahgf4 ,originated at ,zoar1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigorous1 an early and abundant bearer2 shoots dark brown4 ,fruit medium or below1 acute-pyriform1 light yellow1 thickly dotted with minute green dots1 beautiful crimson or carmine in the sun with deep red dots2 stem long1 curved1 slender1 fleshy at insertion1 often by a ring or lip1 in a small cavity2 calyx large for size of fruit1 open2 lobes erect or recurved2 flesh white1 granular1 half breaking1 moderately juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 good2 early ,aug4 ,zo4 #a4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #gb4 #ahhc4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aja4 #ahie4 ,a foreign sort1 probably ,french4 ,tree very vigorous1 thrifty4 ,fruit very large1 oblong1 deep green2 flesh tender1 melting1 sweet2 ,dec4 and ,jan4 ,,bibliography ,,and ,,references1 ,,with ,,abbreviations ,,used ,the list of books which follows contains all ,american pomological works in which the pear is discussed at any length4 ,only such ,european books are listed1 however1 as were found useful in writing ,the ,pears of ,new ,york4 ,only periodicals are listed to which references are made in the text of the book4 ,the reports and bulletins of experiment stations and horticultural societies are not included since the abbreviations used for such publications will be recognized by all4 ,the date of copyright has been preferred to that of publication1 though sometimes it has been necessary to use the latter1 as when there were several editions from the same copyright4 ,aepfel u4 ,birnen ,aepfel und ,birnen4 ,die wichtigsten deutschen ,kernobstsorten4 ,herausgegeben im engen ,anschlusse an die ,statistik der deutschen ,kernobstsorten von ,r4 ,goethe1 ,h4 ,degenkolb und ,r4 ,mertens und unter der ,leitung der ,obstund ,weinbau-,abteilung der ,deutschen ,landwirtschafts-,gesellschaft4 7,illustrirt47 ,berlin3 #ahid4 ,am4 ,gard ,american ,gardening4 ,an ,illustrated ,journal of ,horticulture and ,gardener's ,chronicle4 ,new ,york3 #ahib-aijd4 ,copyright1 #aijc4 7,before its union with ,popular ,gardening in #ahib1 the publication was known as ,the ,american ,garden4 ,both ,popular ,gardening and ,the ,american ,garden resulted from the union or absorption of several other horticultural periodicals47 ,am4 ,gard4 ,mag4 ,the ,american ,gardener's ,magazine1 and ,register of ,useful ,discoveries and ,improvements in ,horticulture and ,rural ,affairs4 ,see ,mag4 ,hort4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 ,american ,horticultural ,annual4 ,a ,year-book of ,horticultural ,progress for the ,professional and ,amateur ,gardener1 ,fruit-grower1 and ,florist4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york3 #ahfg4 ,copyright1 #ahfg4 ,new edition4 ,new ,york3 #ahgj4 ,copyright1 #ahfi4 ,am4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,the ,american ,journal of ,horticulture and ,florist's ,companion4 7,illustrated47 ,volumes #a-e4 ,boston3 #ahfg-ahfi4 ,copyrights1 #ahfg-ahfi4 ,continued as ,tilton's ,journal of ,horticulture and ,floral ,magazine4 7,illustrated47 ,volumes #f-i4 ,boston3 #ahfi-ga4 ,copyrights1 #ahfi-ahga4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 ,proceedings of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,issued usually biennially from #ahej to date4 ,first published as the ,proceedings of the ,national ,convention of ,fruit ,growers in #ahdh4 ,ann4 ,hort4 ,annal of ,horticulture and yearbook of information on practical gardening4 #e ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahdf-ahej4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge ,annales de ,pomologie ,belge et trangre2 publies par la ,commission royale de ,pomologie ,institue par ,s4 ,m4 le ,roi des ,belges4 7,illustr47 ,huit ,tomes4 ,bruxelles3 #ahec-ahfj4 ,bailey1 ,ann4 ,hort4 ,annals of ,horticulture in ,north ,america for the ,years #ahhi-ahic4 ,a ,witness of ,passing ,events and a ,record of ,progress4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 ,new ,york3 #ahij-ahid4 ,copyrights1 #ahhi1 #ahia-ahid4 ,baltet1 ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trait de la ,culture ,fruitire ,commerciale et ,bourgeoise4 ,par ,charles ,baltet4 7,illustr47 ,quatrime dition4 ,paris3 #aijh4 ,barry1 ,fr4 ,garden ,the ,fruit ,garden4 ,by ,p4 ,barry4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york3 #aheb4 ,copyright1 #ahea4 ,revised ,edition1 #ahif4 ,copyright1 #ahhc4 ,black1 ,cult4 ,peach ,pear ,the ,cultivation of the ,peach and the ,pear1 on the ,delaware ,and ,chesapeake ,peninsula2 with a ,chapter on ,quince ,culture and the ,culture of ,some of the ,nut-,bearing ,trees4 ,by ,john ,s4 ,black1 ,m4 ,d4 7,illustrated47 ,wilmington3 #ahhf4 ,copyright1 #ahhf4 ,bradley1 ,gard4 ,new ,improvements of ,planting and ,gardening1 both ,philosophical and ,practical4 ,in three parts4 ,by ,richard ,bradley4 7,illustrated47 ,seventh ,edition with ,appendix4 ,london3 #agci4 ,bridgeman1 ,gard4 ,ass't4 ,the ,young ,gardener's ,assistant1 in three parts4 ,by ,thomas ,bridgeman4 ,new ,edition1 with an ,appendix4 ,new ,york3 #aheg4 ,copyright1 #ahdg4 ,brookshaw1 ,hort4 ,reposit4 ,the ,horticultural ,repository1 containing ,delineations of the best ,varieties of the ,different ,species of ,english ,fruits4 ,by ,george ,brookshaw4 7,illustrated47 ,in ,two ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahbc4 ,brookshaw1 ,pom4 ,brit4 ,pomona ,britannica1 or ,a ,collection of the ,most ,esteemed ,fruits at present ,cultivated ,in ,great ,britain2 selected principally from the ,royal ,gardens ,at ,hampton ,court1 and the remainder from ,the ,most ,celebrated ,gardens ,round ,london2 ,accurately ,drawn and ,colored from ,nature1 with ,full ,descriptions of their ,various ,qualities1 ,seasons1 c4 ,by ,george ,brookshaw4 ,volumes ,i and ,,ii4 ,london3 #ahag4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,the ,pear4 ,budd-,hansen1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 ,american ,horticultural ,manual4 ,by ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 assisted by ,n4 ,e4 ,hansen4 7,illustrated47 ,in ,two ,volumes4 ,volume #b1 ,new ,york and ,london3 #aijc4 ,copyright1 #aijc4 ,bunyard1 ,handb4 ,hardy ,fr4 ,a ,handbook of ,hardy ,fruits more commonly grown in ,great ,britain4 ,apples and ,pears4 ,by ,edward ,a4 ,bunyard4 ,london3 #aibj4 ,bunyard-,thomas1 ,fr4 ,gard4 ,the ,fruit ,garden4 ,by ,george ,bunyard and ,owen ,thomas4 7,illustrated47 ,london and ,new ,york3 #aijd4 ,can4 ,hort4 ,the ,canadian ,horticulturist4 7,illustrated47 ,toronto and ,peterboro3 #ahgh to date4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france ,socit ,pomologique de ,france ,catalogue ,descriptif des ,fruits ,adopts par le ,congrs ,pomologique4 ,lyon3 #ahhg4 ,ibid43 #aijf4 ,cecil1 ,hist4 ,gard4 ,eng4 ,a ,history ,of ,gardening ,in ,england4 ,by the ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,evelyn ,cecil4 ,third and enlarged edition4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york3 #aiaj4 ,christ1 ,handb4 ,handbuch ber die ,obstbaumzucht und ,obstlehre4 ,von ,j4 ,l4 ,christ4 ,vierte1 sehr verbesserte und vermehrte ,auflage4 ,frankfurt3 #ahag4 ,cole1 ,am4 ,fr4 ,book ,the ,american ,fruit ,book2 containing directions for ,raising1 ,propagating1 and ,managing ,fruit ,trees1 ,shrubs and ,plants2 with a description of the ,best ,varieties of ,fruit1 including ,new and ,valuable ,kinds4 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,cole4 7,illustrated47 ,boston3 #ahdi4 ,copyright1 #ahdi4 ,country ,gent4 ,the ,country ,gentleman4 ,albany3 #ahec-ahfe4 ,the ,cultivator ,country ,gentleman4 ,albany3 #ahff-ahig4 ,the ,country ,gentleman4 ,albany and ,philadelphia3 #ahih to date4 ,coxe1 ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees ,a ,view of the ,cultivation of ,fruit ,trees1 and the ,management of ,orchards and ,cider2 with accurate descriptions of the most estimable varieties of ,native and ,foreign ,apples1 ,pears1 ,peaches1 ,plums and ,cherries1 cultivated in the middle states of ,america4 ,by ,william ,coxe4 7,illustrated47 ,philadelphia3 #ahag4 ,copyright1 #ahag4 ,cultivator ,the ,cultivator4 ,albany3 #ahcd-ahfe4 ,in #ahff united with ,the ,country ,gentleman4 ,cult4 ,count4 ,gent4 ,the ,cultivator ,country ,gentleman4 ,see ,country ,gent4 ,de ,candolle1 ,or4 ,cult4 ,plants ,origin of ,cultivated ,plants4 ,by ,alphonse de ,candolle4 ,geneva ,switzerland3 #ahhb4 ,new ,york3 #ahhe4 ,decaisne ,naudin1 ,man4 ,amat4 ,jard ,manuel de ,l',amateur ,des ,jardins ,trait ,gnral ,d',horticulture4 ,par ,jh4 ,decaisne et ,,ch4 ,naudin4 7,illustr47 ,quatre ,tomes4 ,paris4 ,vol4 #d4 ,pears4 ,deut4 ,obstsorten ,deutschland's ,obstsorten bearbeitet von ,mller-,diemitz1 ,grau-,krbelitz1 ,bissmann-,gotha unter ,mitwirkung hervorragender ,fachmnner4 ,sechs ,bnde2 ,hefte #a-ah4 ,stuttgart3 #aije-aj4 ,dochnahl1 ,fhr4 ,obstkunde ,der sichere ,fhrer in der ,obstkunde auf botanisch-pomologischen ,wege oder ,systematische ,breschreibung aller ,obstsorten4 ,von ,f4 ,j4 ,dochnahl4 ,vier ,bnde4 ,nrnberg3 #ahee-fj4 ,vol4 #b1 #ahef4 ,pears4 ,downing1 ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 ,the ,fruits and ,fruit ,trees of ,america3 or the culture1 propagation1 and management1 in the garden and orchard1 of fruit trees generally2 with ,descriptions ,of ,all ,the ,finest ,varieties ,of ,fruit1 ,native and ,foreign1 ,cultivated ,in ,this ,country4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,downing4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york ,london3 #ahde4 ,copyright1 #ahde4 ,second edition1 same text1 with colored plates1 #ahdg4 ,first revision1 by ,charles ,downing4 ,new ,york3 #aheg4 ,copyright1 #aheg4 ,second revision by ,charles ,downing4 ,new ,york3 #ahfi4 ,first appendix1 #ahgb4 ,second appendix1 #ahgf4 ,third appendix1 #ahha4 ,downing1 ,selected ,fr4 ,selected ,fruits3 from ,downing's ,fruits ,and ,fruit-,trees of ,america4 ,with ,some ,new ,varieties3 including ,their ,culture1 ,propagation1 and ,management in the ,garden and ,orchard4 ,by ,charles ,downing4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york3 #ahgb4 ,copyright1 #ahga4 ,duhamel1 ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 ,trait ,des ,arbes ,fruitiers2 ,contenant ,leur ,figure1 ,leur ,description1 ,leur ,culture1 c4 ,par ,m4 ,duhamel ,du ,monceau4 7,illustr47 ,tomes ,i et ,,ii4 ,paris3 #agfh4 dition publi en #ahgb1 en trois tomes4 ,nouvelle dition en six tomes1 #ahjg-ahce4 ,elliott1 ,fr4 ,book ,elliott's ,fruit ,book2 or1 the ,american ,fruit-,grower's ,guide in ,orchard and ,garden4 ,by ,f4 ,r4 ,elliott4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york3 #aheh4 ,copyright1 #ahed4 ,revised edition1 #ahei4 ,field1 ,pear ,cult4 ,pear ,culture4 ,a ,manual for the ,propagation1 ,planting1 ,cultivation1 and ,management of ,the ,pear ,tree4 ,by ,thos4 ,w4 ,field4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york3 #ahei4 ,copyright1 #aheh4 ,flor4 ,pom4 ,the ,florist ,and ,pomologist3 ,a ,pictorial ,monthly ,magazine of ,flowers1 ,fruits1 and ,general ,horticulture4 ,conducted at first by ,robert ,hogg and ,john ,spencer1 later by ,thomas ,moore and ,william ,paul4 7,illustrated47 ,london3 #ahfb-ahhd4 ,forsyth1 ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees4 ,a ,treatise on the ,culture and ,management of ,fruit ,trees4 ,by ,william ,forsyth4 ,london3 #ahjb4 ,same with an ,introduction and ,notes1 by ,william ,corbett4 ,albany3 #ahjc4 ,seventh edition ,english ,london3 #ahbd4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,the ,gardener's ,chronicle4 7,illustrated47 ,london3 #ahda to date4 ,gard4 ,for4 ,garden ,and ,forest4 ,a ,journal of ,horticulture1 ,landscape ,art and ,forestry4 ,conducted by ,charles ,s4 ,sargent4 7,illustrated47 ,volumes ,i-,x4 ,new ,york3 #ahhh-ahig4 ,copyrights1 #ahhh-ahig4 ,gard4 ,mon4 ,the ,gardener's ,monthly and ,horticultural ,advertiser4 ,edited by ,thomas ,meehan4 7,illustrated47 ,philadelphia3 #ahei-ahhg4 ,garden ,the ,garden4 7,illustrated47 ,london3 #ahgb to date4 ,gaucher1 ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,pomologie des ,praktischen ,obstbaumzchters4 ,von ,n4 ,gaucher4 7,illustrirt47 ,stuttgart3 #ahid4 ,gen4 ,farmer ,the ,genesee ,farmer4 ,edited by ,luther ,tucker1 ,rochester3 #ahca-ahci4 ,then consolidated with the ,cultivator4 ,another periodical of the same name was published in ,rochester from #ahde to #ahfe4 ,also ,new ,genesee ,farmer and ,monthly ,genesee ,farmer4 ,gerarde1 ,herball ,the ,herball or ,generall ,historie of ,plantes4 ,by ,john ,gerarde4 ,enlarged and amended by ,thomas ,johnson4 ,london3 #afcc4 ,reprinted without alteration1 #afcf4 ,guide ,prat4 ,guide ,pratique de ,l',amateur ,de ,fruits4 ,description ,et ,culture ,des ,varits ,de ,fruits classes par sries de mrite ,composant ,les ,collections ,pomologiques ,de ,l',etablissement ,horticole des ,frres ,simon-,louis4 ,a ,plantires-,les-,metz 7,lorraine ,annexe7 ,suivi ,d',une ,table ,gnrale ,alphabtique de ,tous ,les ,synonymes ,connus1 ,franais et trangers1 appartenent chaque varit4 ,par ,o4 ,thomas4 ,nancy3 #ahgf4 ,deuxime dition4 ,paris et ,nancy3 #ahie4 ,hoffy1 ,n4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,hoffy's ,north ,american ,pomologist1 containing numerous ,finely ,colored ,drawings1 accompanied by letter press descriptions1 c41 of ,fruits of ,american ,origin4 ,edited by ,william ,d4 ,brinckl4 ,book ,no4 #a4 ,philadelphia3 #ahfj4 ,copyright1 #ahfj4 ,hoffy1 ,orch4 ,com4 ,the ,orchardist's ,companion4 ,alfred ,hoffy1 ,editor and ,publisher4 ,a quarterly journal4 ,vol4 ,i1 #ahda-b2 ,vol4 ,,ii1 #ahdb-c4 ,philadelphia4 ,hogg1 ,fruit ,man4 ,the ,fruit ,manual3 ,a ,guide to the ,fruits and ,fruit ,trees of ,great ,britain4 ,by ,robert ,hogg4 ,first edition1 ,london3 #ahfj4 ,second edition1 #ahfa4 ,third edition1 #ahff4 ,fourth edition1 #ahgc4 ,fifth edition1 #ahhd4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,am47 ,horticultural ,register and ,gardener's ,magazine4 ,edited by ,t4 ,g4 ,fessenden and ,j4 ,e4 ,teschemacher4 ,volume ,i4 ,boston3 #ahce4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,eng47 ,the ,horticultural ,register and ,general ,magazine4 ,by ,joseph ,paxton and ,joseph ,harrison4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,london3 #ahcc4 ,horticulturist ,the ,horticulturist and ,journal of ,rural ,art and ,rural ,taste4 ,founded and first edited by ,a4 ,j4 ,downing4 7,illustrated47 ,volumes #a to #cj4 ,albany1 ,philadelphia and ,new ,york3 #ahdf-ahge4 ,hovey1 ,fr4 ,am4 ,the ,fruits of ,america1 containing ,richly ,colored ,figures1 and full ,descriptions of all the choicest ,varieties cultivated in the ,united ,states4 ,by ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey4 ,volume ,i4 ,boston and ,new ,york3 #aheb4 ,volume ,,ii4 ,boston3 #ahef4 ,copyright1 #ahea4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,the ,journal of ,horticulture3 ,began as ,the ,cottage ,gardener2 or ,amateur's and ,cottager's ,guide to out-door gardening and spade cultivation4 #be ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahdi-ahfa4 ,continued as ,the ,journal of ,horticulture1 ,cottage ,gardener1 and ,country ,gentleman4 ,a ,journal of ,horticulture1 ,rural and ,domestic ,economy1 ,botany and ,natural ,history4 ,new ,series4 #ch ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahfa-ahhj4 ,continued as ,the ,journal of ,horticulture1 ,cottage ,gardener1 and ,home ,farmer4 ,a ,chronicle of ,country ,pursuits and ,country ,life1 including ,poultry1 ,pigeon1 and ,bee-keeping4 ,third ,series4 #ei ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahhj-aiji4 ,jour4 ,roy4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,the ,journal of the ,royal ,horticultural ,society4 ,london3 #ahdf to date4 ,vols4 #a-i1 #ahdf-ee1 bear the title of ,the ,journal of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london4 ,kenrick1 ,am4 ,orch4 ,the ,new ,american ,orchardist4 ,by ,william ,kenrick4 ,boston3 #ahcc4 ,copyright1 #ahcb4 ,second edition4 ,boston3 #ahce4 ,copyright1 #ahce4 ,seventh edition1 enlarged and improved1 with a supplement4 ,boston3 #ahde4 ,copyright1 #ahda4 ,knoop1 ,fructologie ,part ,i4 ,pomologie1 ou ,description des meilleures sortes de ,pommes et de ,poires4 ,part ,,ii4 ,fructologie1 ou ,description des ,arbres ,fruitiers4 ,par ,jean ,herman ,knoop4 7,illustr47 ,amsterdam3 #agga4 ,koch1 ,deut4 ,obst4 ,die ,deutschen ,obstgehlze4 ,vorlesungen gehalten zu ,berlin im ,winterhalbjahr #ahge-gf4 ,von ,karl ,koch4 ,stuttgart3 #ahgf4 ,kraft1 ,pom4 ,aust4 ,pomona austriaca1 ,abhandlung von den obstbumen worinn ihre gestalt1 erziehung und pflege angezeigt und beschrieben wird4 ,von ,johann ,kraft4 ,zwei ,theile4 ,vienna3 #agib4 ,langley1 ,pomona ,pomona1 or the ,fruit ,garden ,illustrated4 ,by ,batty ,langley4 ,london3 #agbi4 ,lauche1 ,deut4 ,pom4 ,deutsche ,pomologie4 ,chromolithographische ,abbildung1 ,beschreibung und ,kulturanweisung der empfehlenswerthesten ,sorten ,aepfel1 ,birnen1 ,kirschen1 ,pflaumen1 ,aprikosen1 ,pfirsche und ,weintrauben4 ,nach den ,ermittelungen des ,deutschen ,pomologen-,vereins herausgegeben von ,w4 ,lauche4 7,illustrirt47 ,bnde ,i-,,vii4 ,berlin3 #ahhb-c4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,pears4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 ,le ,bon ,jardinier4 #abf;e dition ,almanach ,horticole1 #ahhb et #abi;e dition1 #ahhd4 ,paris4 ,leroy1 ,dict4 ,pom4 ,dictionnaire de ,pomologie4 ,par ,andr ,leroy4 7,illustr47 ,six ,tomes4 ,paris3 #ahfg-ahgi4 ,vols4 #a #b4 ,pears4 ,liegel1 ,syst4 ,anleit4 ,systematische ,anleitung zur ,kenntniss der vorzglichsten ,sorten des ,kern-1 ,stein-1 ,schalen- und ,beerenobster4 ,von ,georg ,liegel4 ,passau3 #ahbe4 ,lindley1 ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 ,a ,guide to the ,orchard ,and ,kitchen ,garden2 or1 an account of the most valuable fruit and vegetables cultivated ,in ,great ,britain3 with ,kalendars of the ,work ,required in the ,orchard and ,kitchen ,garden during every month in the year4 ,by ,george ,lindley4 ,edited by ,john ,lindley4 ,london3 #ahca4 ,lindley1 ,pom4 ,brit4 ,pomologia ,britannica2 or1 ,figures and ,descriptions of the most important ,varieties of ,fruit cultivated in ,great ,britain4 ,by ,john ,lindley4 ,three ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahda4 ,vol4 #b4 ,pears4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 ,a ,catalogue of the ,fruits ,cultivated in the ,garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london4 ,london3 #ahbf4 ,second edition1 #ahca4 ,third edition1 #ahdb4 ,a supplement was published in #ahec4 ,loudon1 ,enc4 ,gard4 ,an ,encyclopedia ,of ,gardening4 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,loudon4 7,illustrated47 ,new edition4 ,london3 #ahcd4 ,lucas1 ,handb4 ,obst4 ,vollstndiges ,handbuch der ,obstkultur4 ,von ,ed4 ,lucas4 7,illustrirt47 ,stuttgart3 ,first edition1 #ahhj2 second edition1 #ahhf2 third edition1 #ahic4 ,third edition edited by ,fr4 ,lucas1 #ahid4 ,mc,intosh1 ,bk4 ,gard4 ,the ,book of the ,garden4 ,by ,charles ,mc,intosh4 7,illustrated47 ,two ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahec-e4 ,mc,mahon1 ,am4 ,gard4 ,cal4 ,the ,american ,gardener's ,calendar4 ,by ,bernard ,mc,mahon4 ,philadelphia3 #ahjf4 ,mag4 ,hort4 ,the ,magazine of ,horticulture4 ,boston3 #ahcg-ahfh4 ,first published as ,the ,american ,gardener's ,magazine1 #ahce-f4 ,edited by ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey with ,p4 ,b4 ,hovey1 ,jr41 associate editor during #ahce-f4 ,manning1 ,book of ,fruits ,book of ,fruits4 ,by ,robert ,manning4 7,illustrated47 ,salem3 #ahch4 ,copyright1 #ahch4 ,mas1 ,le ,verger ,le ,verger ou ,histoire1 ,culture ,et ,description avec planches colories ,des ,varits ,de ,fruits ,les ,plus ,gnralement ,connues4 ,par ,m4 ,mas4 ,huit ,tomes4 ,paris3 #ahff-gc4 ,vols4 #a-c4 ,pears4 ,mas1 ,pom4 ,gen4 ,pomologie ,gnrale4 ,par ,m4 ,mas4 7,illustr47 ,douze ,tomes4 ,paris3 #ahgb-hc4 ,vols4 #a #c-g4 ,pears4 ,mathieu1 ,nom4 ,pom4 ,nomenclator ,pomologicus4 ,von ,carl ,mathieu4 ,berlin3 #ahhi4 ,mawe-,abercrombie1 ,com4 ,gard4 ,the ,complete ,gardener4 ,by ,thomas ,mawe and ,john ,abercrombie4 ,london3 #ahbi4 ,miller1 ,gard4 ,dict4 ,the ,gardener's ,dictionary4 ,by ,philip ,miller4 ,sixth edition4 ,london3 #ageb4 ,revised edition4 ,by ,thomas ,martyn4 ,london3 #ahjg4 ,nat4 ,nur4 ,the ,national ,nurseryman4 ,published by ,the ,national ,nurseryman ,publishing ,co4 7,illustrated47 ,rochester3 #ahic to date4 ,noisette1 ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 ,manuel ,complet du ,jardinier2 ,maraicher1 ,ppiniriste1 ,botaniste1 ,fleuriste et ,paysagiste4 ,par ,m4 ,louis ,noisette4 ,quatre ,tomes4 ,paris3 #ahfj4 ,vol4 #b4 ,pears4 ,oberdieck1 ,obst-,sort4 ,deutschlands beste ,obst-,sorten4 ,von ,f4 ,g4 ,c4 ,oberdieck4 ,leipzig3 #ahha4 ,parkinson1 ,par4 ,ter4 ,paradisi in ,sole4 ,paradisus ,terrestris4 ,by ,john ,parkinson4 7,illustrated47 ,london3 #afbi4 ,phillips1 ,com4 ,orch4 ,the ,companion for the ,orchard4 ,an ,historical ,and ,botanical ,account of ,fruits ,known ,in ,great ,britain4 ,by ,henry ,phillips4 ,new ,edition4 ,london3 #ahca4 ,pom4 ,france ,pomologie ,de ,la ,france ou ,histoire ,et ,description de tous ,les ,fruits ,cultivs ,en ,france ,et ,admis ,par ,le ,congrs ,pomologique4 7,illustr47 ,tomes ,i-,,viii4 ,lyon3 #ahfc-ahgc4 ,vols4 #a-d4 ,pears4 ,pom4 ,mag4 ,the ,pomological ,magazine2 or1 ,figures ,and ,descriptions of the ,most ,important ,varieties ,of ,fruit cultivated in ,great ,britain4 ,three ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahbh-cj4 ,this work has also been published under the title ,pomona ,brittanica4 ,popular ,gard4 ,popular ,gardening4 ,an ,illustrated periodical devoted to ,horticulture in all its branches4 ,volume ,i4 ,buffalo3 #ahhf4 ,continued as ,popular ,gardening and ,fruit ,growing4 ,volumes ,,ii-,,iv4 ,buffalo3 #ahhg-ahia4 ,consolidated with ,the ,american ,garden and continued as ,american ,gardening4 ,new ,york3 #ahib-aijd4 ,prince1 ,cat4 ,fr4 ,trees ,catalogue of ,fruit ,and ,ornamental ,trees ,plants1 ,bulbous ,flower ,roots1 ,green-,house ,plants1 c4 c4 ,cultivated at the ,linnan ,botanic ,garden1 ,william ,prince1 ,prop4 ,twenty-second edition4 ,new ,york3 #ahbc4 ,prince1 ,pom4 ,man4 ,the ,pomological ,manual3 or1 ,a ,treatise on ,fruits4 ,by ,william ,robert ,prince1 aided by ,william ,prince4 ,second ,edition4 ,part ,i4 ,new ,york3 #ahcb4 ,copyright1 #ahca4 ,part ,,ii4 ,new ,york3 #ahcb4 ,copyright1 #ahcb4 ,prince1 ,treat4 ,hort4 ,a ,short ,treatise on ,horticulture4 ,by ,william ,prince4 ,new ,york3 #ahbh4 ,copyright1 #ahbh4 ,prince1 ,treat4 ,trees ,plants ,a ,treatise on ,fruit and ,ornamental ,trees ,and ,plants1 cultivated at the ,linnan ,botanic ,garden1 ,flushing1 ,long ,island1 near ,new-,york4 ,by ,william ,prince4 ,new ,york3 #ahbj4 ,ragan1 ,nom4 ,pear4 ,b4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 ,nomenclature of the ,pear2 ,a ,catalogue-,index of the ,known ,varieties ,referred to in ,american ,publications from #ahjd to #aijg4 ,complied by ,w4 ,h4 ,ragan4 ,issued as ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,bur4 ,pl4 ,ind4 ,bul4 #abf3 #aijh4 ,rea1 ,flora ,flora3 ,seu1 ,de ,florum ,cultura2 or ,a ,complete ,florilege4 ,by ,john ,rea4 #c ,books4 ,london3 #afgf4 ,book #c4 ,pears4 ,rev4 ,hort4 ,revue ,horticole4 ,journal ,d',horticulture ,pratique 7,illustr47 ,paris3 #ahbi to date4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 ,the ,rural ,new-,yorker4 ,a ,journal for the ,suburban and ,country ,home4 7,illustrated47 ,rochester and ,new ,york3 #ahej to date4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 ,socit ,nationale ,d',horticulture ,de ,france4 ,section ,pomologique4 ,les ,meilleurs ,fruits au dbut du ,,xxe sicle4 7,illustr47 ,paris3 #aijd4 ,thacher1 ,am4 ,orch4 ,the ,american ,orchardist4 ,by ,james ,thacher4 ,boston3 #ahbb4 ,copyright1 #ahbb4 ,thomas1 ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 ,the ,american ,fruit ,culturist4 ,by ,john ,j4 ,thomas4 7,illustrated47 ,first ,edition4 ,geneva and ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y43 #ahdf4 ,copyright1 #ahdf4 ,revised ,edition4 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y43 #ahea4 ,copyright1 #ahdi4 ,revised ,edition4 ,new ,york3 #ahfi4 ,copyright1 #ahfg4 ,revised ,edition4 ,new ,york3 #ahhe4 ,copyright1 #ahge-ahhe4 ,twentieth ,edition1 ,revised and ,enlarged4 ,new ,york3 #ahig4 ,copyright1 #ahig2 ,twenty-first ,edition1 ,revised and ,enlarged4 ,new ,york3 #aiaa4 ,copyright1 #aijc4 ,thompson1 ,gard4 ,ass't4 ,the ,gardener's ,assistant2 ,practical and ,scientific4 ,by ,robert ,thompson4 7,illustrated47 ,two ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahei4 ,same1 revised by ,william ,watson4 ,six ,volumes4 ,london3 #aija4 ,tilton1 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,tilton's ,journal of ,horticulture and ,floral ,magazine4 ,see ,am4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,trans4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,transactions of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london4 ,volume ,i4 ,london3 #ahae4 ,volume ,,ii4 ,london3 #ahag4 ,volume ,,iii4 ,london3 #ahbj4 ,volume ,,iv4 ,london3 #ahbb4 ,volume ,v4 ,london3 #ahbd4 ,volume ,,vi4 ,london3 #ahbf4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 ,reports of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture3 #ahfb-ahid4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yearbook ,yearbook of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture3 #ahid to date4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,off4 ,rpt4 ,reports of the ,agricultural section of the ,united ,states ,patent ,office3 #ahcg to #ahfa4 ,wickson1 ,cal4 ,fruits ,the ,california ,fruits and ,how ,to ,grow ,them4 ,by ,edward ,j4 ,wickson4 7,illustrated47 ,second ,edition4 ,san ,francisco3 #ahia4 ,copyright1 #ahhi4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,los ,angeles3 #aiji4 ,copyright1 #aijh4 ,seventh ,edition4 ,san ,francisco3 #aiad4 ,copyright1 #aiad4 ,willich1 ,dom4 ,enc4 ,domestic ,encyclopedia or a ,dictionary of ,facts4 ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,m4 ,willich4 ,first ,american edition with additions by ,james ,mease4 ,in five volumes4 ,volume #d4 ,philadelphia3 #ahjc4 ,wilson1 ,nat4 ,w4 ,china ,a ,naturalist ,in ,western ,china with ,vasculum1 ,camera1 and ,gun4 ,being some account of ,eleven ,years' ,travel1 ,exploration1 and ,observation in the ,more ,remote ,parts of the ,flowery ,kingdom4 ,by ,ernest ,henry ,wilson4 ,two ,volumes4 ,new ,york3 #aiac4 ,,index ,gobert 7syn4 of ,angobert71 #bdh ,a4 ,j4 ,cook1 #bcf ,aarer ,pfundbirne1 #bcf ,abb ,ftel1 #bcf ,abb ,prez1 #bcf ,abbott1 #bcf ,abbott1 ,mrs4 ,t41 orig4 of ,abbott1 #bcf ,abdon ,birne1 #bcf ,abele de ,st4 ,denis1 #bcf ,abercromby1 #bcf ,achalzig1 #bcg ,achan1 #bcg ,acidaline1 #bcg ,acme1 #bcg ,adams1 #bcg ,adams1 ,dr4 ,h41 orig4 of ,adams1 #bcg ,adanson ,apothekerbirne7syn4 of ,agla ,adanson71 #bci ,adlade de ,rves1 #bcg ,adle 7syn4 of ,adle de ,saint-,denis71 #bcg ,adle ,lancelot1 #bcg ,adle de ,saint-,denis1 #bcg ,admirable1 #bch ,admiral ,ccile 7syn4 of ,amiral ,ccile71 #bde ,admiral ,farragut1 #bch ,admiral ,foote1 #bch ,adolphe ,cachet1 #bch ,adolphe ,fouquet1 #bch ,adolphine ,richard1 #bch ,aehrenthal1 #bch ,agathe de ,lescours 7syn4 of ,agathe de ,lescourt71 #bch ,agathe de ,lescourt1 #bch ,agla ,adanson1 #bci ,agla ,grgoire1 #bci ,agns #bci ,agricola1 #bci ,agua de ,valence1 #bej ,ah-,mon-,dieu1 #bci ,aigue1 #bci ,aiken1 #bci ,aime ,ogereau1 #bdj ,aime ,adam1 #bdj ,akatsupo1 #bdj ,alamo1 #bdj ,albertine1 #bdj ,alcinus1 pear in garden of1 #d ,alexander1 #bdj ,alexander ,lucas1 #bdj ,alexandre ,bivort1 #bdj ,alexandre ,chomer1 #bda ,alexandre de la ,herche1 #bda ,alexandre ,lambr1 #bda ,alexandre de ,russie1 #bda ,alexandrina1 #bda ,alexandrine ,douillard1 #bda ,alexandrine ,hlie 7syn4 of ,belle ,julie71 #bfe ,alexandrine ,mas1 #bda ,alexiens ,bros41 orig4 of ,pius ,x1 #ejj ,alfred de ,madre1 #bdb ,alice ,payne1 #bdb ,allerton1 #bdb ,alliance franco-russe1 #bdb ,alouette1 #bdb ,alpha1 #bdb ,alphonse ,allegatire1 #bdb ,alphonse ,karr1 #bdb ,amadotte1 #bdc ,amande ,double1 #bdc ,amandine1 #bdc ,ambrette1 #bdc ,ambrette d't1 #bdc ,ambrette d',hiver 7syn4 of ,ambrette71 #bdc ,ambrosia1 #bdd ,amde ,leclerc1 #bdd ,amelanchier1 relationship of1 to pear1 #eg ,amlie ,leclerc1 #bdd ,america1 #bdd ,america1 arrival of pear in1 #dj2 climate of1 uncongenial to pears1 #ch2 importation of ,european pear varieties into1 #eb2 pear in1 #cg ,american pear culture1 influence of ,oriental pears on1 #ee ,american pear districts1 #ch ,amie ,verdier1 #bdd ,amiral1 #bdd ,amiral ,ccile1 #bde ,amir ,joannet1 #bde ,amlisberger ,mostbirne1 #bde ,amoselle panache 7syn4 of ,bergamote de ,hollande ,panache71 #bfi ,amour1 #bde ,amstettner ,mostbirne1 #bde ,ananas1 #bde ,ananas de ,courtrai1 #bde ,ananas de ,courtray 7syn4 of ,ananas de ,courtrai71 #bde ,ananas d't1 #bdf ,andenken an den ,congress 7syn4 of ,souvenir du ,congrs71 #bah ,andouille1 #bdf ,andr ,desportes1 #abb ,andrew ,murray1 #bdf ,andrews1 #bdf ,ange1 #bdf ,angel1 #bdf ,angeline1 #bdf ,anglique de ,bordeaux1 #bdg ,anglique ,cuvier1 #bdg ,anglique ,leclerc1 #bdg ,anglique de ,rome1 #bdg ,angers1 ,horticultural ,society of1 orig4 of ,cassante du ,comice1 #cbi2 ,colmar d',automne ,nouveau1 #cdb2 ,dhomme1 #cei2 ,gros ,lucas1 #djd2 ,sucre du ,comice1 #eee ,angleterre 7syn4 of ,beurr d',angleterre71 #bhd ,angleterre d',hiver1 #bdg ,angleterre ,nain1 #bdg ,angobert1 #bdh ,angoisse1 #bdh ,angora1 #bdh ,angoucha1 #bdh ,angouleme 7syn4 of ,duchesse d',angoulme71 #aed ,anjou 7syn4 of ,beurre d',anjou71 #abg ,anna ,audisson 7syn4 ,anna ,audusson71 #bdi ,anna ,audusson1 #bdi ,anna ,nelis1 #bdi ,anne de ,bretagne1 #bdi ,anne of ,brittany 7syn4 of ,anne de ,bretagne71 #bdi ,ansault1 #abc ,anthoine1 ,dieudonn1 orig4 of ,dieudonn ,anthoine1 #cei ,anthony ,thacher1 #bdi ,antoine1 #bdi ,antoine ,delfosse1 #bdi ,antoinette1 #bdi ,anversoise1 #bej ,apfelblttrige ,azerolbirne1 #bej ,apothekerbirne1 #bej ,apple1 #bej ,apple ,pear1 #bej ,apples1 relationship to pears1 #eh ,appoline1 #bej ,aqueuse d',esclavonie1 #bej ,aqueuse de ,meiningen1 #bea ,arabella1 #bea ,arbre ,courb1 #bea ,arcedeckene1 ,andrew1 orig4 of ,suffolk ,thorn1 #eef ,archduke of ,austria1 #bea ,archiduc ,charles1 #bea ,archiduc d't1 #bea ,archiduc ,jean d',autriche1 #bea ,archiduchesse d',autriche1 #bea ,arendt ,dechantsbirne1 #beb ,argent1 #beb ,argusbirne1 #beb ,arkansas1 #beb ,arkansas ,mammoth 7syn4 of ,arkansas71 #beb ,arlequin ,musqu1 #beb ,arlingham ,squash1 #beb ,armand ,prvost1 #bec ,armnie1 #bec ,arnold1 #bec ,arnold ,frazier1 orig4 of ,arnold1 #bec ,arthur ,bivort1 #bec ,arthur ,chevreau1 #bec ,arundell1 #bec ,aspasie ,aucourt1 #bec ,aspidiotus perniciosus on pear1 #aag ,aston ,town1 #bed ,audibert1 #bed ,audusson1 ,alexis1 orig4 of ,lucie ,audusson1 #dec ,audusson1 ,anne-,pierre1 orig4 of ,beurr ,audusson1 #bhd ,augier1 #bed ,augustbirne1 #bed ,auguste de ,boulogne1 #bed ,auguste ,droche1 #bed ,auguste ,jurie1 #bed ,auguste von ,krause1 #bed ,auguste ,miguard1 #bee ,auguste ,royer1 #bee ,augustine1 #bee ,augustine ,lelieur1 #bee ,augustus ,dana1 #bee ,aurate1 #bee ,auray1 #bee ,autocrat1 #bef ,autumn ,bergamot1 parent of ,gansel ,bergamot1 #cia ,autumn ,bergamot 7,english71 #bef ,autumn ,colmar1 #bef ,autumn ,josphine1 #bef ,autumn ,nelis1 #bef ,avocat ,allard1 #beg ,avocat ,nlis1 #beg ,avocat ,tonnelier1 #beg ,ayer1 #beg ,ayer1 ,o4 ,h41 orig4 of ,ayer1 #beg2 ,douglas1 #aej ,aylton ,red1 #beg ,azerole1 #beg ,b4 ,s4 ,fox 7syn4 of ,fox71 #afh ,bachelier1 ,louis-,franois1 orig4 of ,beurr ,bachelier1 #bhe ,bacillus amylovorous1 cause of pear blight1 #aab ,backhouse1 ,james1 orig4 of ,beurr ,backhouse1 #bhe ,bacterium tumefaciens1 cause of crown-gall on pears1 #aaf ,baguet1 #beg ,bailly1 orig4 of ,beurr ,bailly1 #bhe ,bakholda1 #beh ,baking1 #beh ,baldschmiedler1 #beh ,balduinsteiner ,kinderbirne1 #beh ,ballet1 orig4 of ,madame ,ballet1 #def ,balosse1 #beh ,balsambirne1 #beh ,baltet1 ,charles1 introd4 of ,roosevelt1 #bac2 orig4 of ,virginie ,baltet1 #egc ,baltet1 ,ernest1 orig4 of ,beurr d',avril1 #bhe2 ,comte ,lelieur1 #cdf2 ,madame ,ly-,baltet1 #deh ,baltet ,bros41 orig4 of ,beurr ,baltet ,pre1 #bhf2 ,charles ,ernest1 #ccd2 ,docteur ,joubert1 #cfa2 ,guyot1 #agd2 ,ministre ,viger1 #dgc2 ,professeur ,opoix1 #ead ,baltet ,senior 7syn4 of ,beurr ,baltet ,pre71 #bhf ,bankerbine1 #beh ,bankhead1 ,capt41 orig4 of ,jewel1 #dcj ,banks1 #beh ,baptiste ,valette1 #beh ,bar ,seckel 7syn4 of ,barseck7 #bfj ,barbancinet1 #beh ,barbe ,nlis1 #bei ,barker1 #bei ,barland1 #bei ,barnadiston1 #bei ,baron ,deman de ,lennick1 #bei ,baron d'hiver 7syn4 of ,baronsbirne71 #bfj ,baron ,leroy1 #bei ,baron ,trauttenberg1 #bei ,baron ,treyve1 #bei ,baronne de ,mello1 #bfj ,baronsbirne1 #bfj ,barry1 #bfj ,barry1 ,patrick1 biography of1 #bjc ,barry1 ,william ,crawford1 biography of1 #bjd ,barseck1 #bfj ,barthlemy du ,mortier1 #bfj ,barthre1 discov4 of ,duchesse d',hiver1 #cgb ,bartlett1 #abd ,bartlett1 ,enoch1 dissem4 of ,bartlett1 #abe ,bartlett1 parent of ,barseck1 #bfj2 ,big ,productive1 #cji2 ,dempsey1 #ceg2 ,eva ,baltet1 #cgi2 ,favorite ,morel1 #cha2 ,flix ,sahut1 #cha2 ,le ,lecher1 #ddd2 ,lucy ,duke1 #aid2 ,lyerle1 #ded2 ,professeur ,barral1 #ead2 ,s4 ,t4 ,wright1 #ecc2 ,ulatis1 #efg2 ,winter ,williams1 #ehd ,bartlett and ,kieffer leading commercial pears1 #hd ,bartram1 #bfj ,bartram1 ,ann1 orig4 of ,bartram1 #bfj ,bartram1 ,john1 orig4 of ,petre1 #dig ,bartranne1 #bfj ,baseler ,sommer-,muskatellerbirne1 #bfa ,basiner1 #bfa ,bassin 7syn4 of ,jargonelle 7,french771 #agh ,baudry1 #bfa ,baumann ,brothers1 orig4 of ,beurr ,bollwiller1 #bhh ,beacon1 #bfa ,beadnell1 #bfa ,beadnell1 ,john1 orig4 of ,beadnell1 #bfa ,beau de la ,cour1 #bfa ,beau ,prsent d',artois1 #bfa ,beauchamp1 orig4 of ,beurr de 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7syn4 of ,bon-,chrtien ,fondant71 #cac ,bon-,chrtien d',espagne1 #cac ,bon-,chrtien d't1 #cac ,bon-,chrtien ,fondant1 #cac ,bon-,chrtien ,fred ,baudry 7syn4 of ,baudry71 #bfa ,bon-,chrtien ,frdric ,baudry1 #cac ,bon-,chrtien d',hiver1 #cad ,bon-,chrtien d',hiver ,panach1 #cad ,bon-,chrtien ,mathieu ,joseph ,lamarche1 #cad ,bon-,chrtien de ,nikita 7syn4 of ,nikitaer ,grne ,herbst-,apothekerbirne71 #dhb ,bon-,chrtien ,prevost1 #cad ,bon-,chrtien de ,rance 7syn4 of ,beurr de ,rance71 #cjd ,bon-,chrtien du ,rhin d',automne1 #cad ,bon-,chrtien ,ricchiero1 #cad ,bon-,chrtien ,vermont1 #cae ,bon-,chrtien de ,vernois1 #cae ,bon-,chrtien de ,vernois 7syn4 of ,flemish ,bon-,chrtien71 #chb ,bon-,chrtien ,williams' 7syn4 of ,bartlett71 #abd ,bon ,gustave1 #cae ,bon ,parent1 #cae ,bon-,roi-,ren1 #cae ,bon ,vicaire1 #cae ,bonne d',anjou1 #cae ,bonne-,antonine1 #cae ,bonne de ,beugny1 #caf ,bonne ,carmlite1 #caf ,bonne de la ,chapelle1 #caf ,bonne ,charlotte1 #caf ,bonne-,ente 7syn4 of ,white ,doyenn71 #bbh ,bonne d',eze1 #caf ,bonne de ,jalais1 #caf ,bonne-,jeanne1 #caf ,bonne ,louise d',avranches 7syn4 of ,louise ,bonne de ,jersey71 #aic ,bonne de ,malines1 parent of ,lger1 #ddd ,bonne de ,malines 7syn4 of ,winter ,nelis71 #bcb ,bonne ,sophia1 #caf ,bonne de ,soulers 7syn4 of ,bergamotte de ,soulers71 #bgg ,bonne ,thrse1 #cag ,bonne des ,zoes1 #cag ,bonnefond1 orig4 of ,madame ,bonnefond1 #def ,bonnefoy1 orig4 of ,doyenn ,nrard1 #cfh2 ,madame lisa ,dumas1 #deg ,bonners1 #cag ,bonneserre de ,saint-,denis1 #cag ,bonnet1 orig4 of ,beurr ,hardy1 #acf2 ,lesbre1 #ddg ,bonnet ,zuckerbirne1 #cag ,bordeaux 7syn4 of ,duchesse de ,bordeaux71 #cga ,bordine ,musk1 #cag ,borers on pear1 #abj ,bosc1 introd4 of ,styrian1 #eed ,bosc 7syn4 of ,beurr ,bosc71 #acj ,bosc's ,butterbirne 7syn4 of ,beurr ,bosc71 #acj ,bosc's ,flaschenbirne 7syn4 of ,beurr ,bosc71 #acj ,boston 7syn4 of ,pinneo71 #dii ,botany1 structural1 of pear1 #eh ,bouchamp1 #cag ,boucqueau1 ,albert1 orig4 of ,fondante ,albert1 #chc ,boucquia1 #cag ,bouet1 ,henri1 orig4 of ,henri ,bouet1 #dae ,bourdon de ,roi1 #cag ,boussock 7syn4 of ,doyenn ,boussock71 #aeb ,boutoc1 #cag ,bouvert ,musqu 7syn4 of ,parfum d',hiver71 #dij ,bouvier1 ,simon1 orig4 of varieties1 #ahd1 #bdj1 #bda1 #cae1 #cah1 #cbh1 #cdc1 #cee1 #cef1 #cgh1 #daf1 #dbf1 #ddf1 #ede1 #edf1 #efe1 #efh2 work as pear breeder1 #ai ,bouvier d',automne1 #cah ,bouvier ,bourgmestre1 #cah ,bouviers ,herbstbirne1 #cah ,bouzin1 ,norbert1 orig4 of ,doyenn de ,ramegnies1 #cfi ,bowdoin1 #cah ,bowne ,winter ,russet1 #cah ,boyken ,june1 #cah ,braconot1 #cah ,brandes1 #cah ,brandywine1 #adj ,braunrote ,speckbirne1 #cah ,braunrothe ,frhlingsbirne1 #cai ,braunrothe ,sommerrusselet1 #cai ,brederode1 #cai ,breeding pears1 ,van ,mons' theory of1 #ah ,bremer ,butterbirne1 #cai ,brewer1 #cai ,brewster1 #cai ,brialmont1 #cai ,brielsche ,pomeranzenbirne1 #cai ,briffaut1 #cai ,briffaut1 orig4 of ,prsident ,payen1 #eaj ,brinckl1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,d41 orig4 of ,catherine ,gardette1 #ccj2 ,edward ,seedling ,st4 ,germain1 #cge2 ,president ,felton1 #eji2 ,wilmington1 #ehb ,brindamour1 #cbj ,bringewood1 #cbj ,british ,queen1 #cbj ,brockworth ,park 7syn4 of ,bonne d',eze71 #caf ,broncirte ,winterbirne1 #cbj ,bronx1 #cbj ,bronze ,boisselot1 #cbj ,bronze d',enghien1 #cbj ,brookline1 #cbj ,broom ,park1 #cbj ,brough ,bergamot1 #cbj ,brown1 ,samuel1 orig4 of ,sam ,brown1 #eci ,brown ,beurr 7syn4 of ,beurr ,gris71 #bif ,brown-,blotch of pear1 #aaf ,bruant1 introd4 of ,figueira1 #chb2 orig4 of ,commandant ,belaieff1 #cde ,bruce1 ,a4 ,l41 orig4 of ,alamo1 #bdj ,bruderbirne 7syn4 of ,pound71 #bjh ,brugmans1 #cba ,brumbirne1 #cba ,brune ,minme1 #cba ,brunet1 #cba ,brsseler ,herbstbergamotte1 #cba ,brssler ,zuckerbirne 7syn4 of ,sucre ,van ,mons71 #eee ,brute ,bonne1 #cba ,bryan1 ,edwards1 #cba ,bryant1 mention of fruits in ,california by1 #ed2 orig4 of ,cedarmere1 #cca ,brymer1 ,col41 introd4 of ,santa ,claus1 #edj ,buchanan1 #cba ,buchanan1 ,isaac1 orig4 of ,buchanan1 #cba ,buckman1 ,benjamin1 orig4 of ,timpling1 #efc ,bud-moth on pear1 #abj ,budd1 ,j4 ,l41 introd4 of ,russian pears1 #ef2 orig4 of ,gibb1 #cif ,buffalo1 #cba ,buffam 7syn4 of ,buffum71 #ada ,buffum1 #ada ,bugiarda 7syn4 of ,bon-,chrtien ,fondant71 #cac2 7pine d't71 #cgg ,buneau1 ,jules1 orig4 of ,marie ,jallais1 #dfd ,bunte ,mannabirne1 #cba ,buntebirne1 #cba ,burbank1 ,luther1 orig4 of ,test1 #efj ,burchardt1 ,judge1 orig4 of ,malvoisie de ,landsberg1 #dfa ,burchardt ,butterbirne1 #cbb ,buree ,winter1 #cbb ,burgoyne1 #cbb ,burkett1 #cbb ,burlingame1 #cbb ,burlingame1 ,mrs41 orig4 of ,burlingame1 #cbb ,burnett1 #cbb ,burnett1 ,joel1 orig4 of ,burnett1 #cbb ,burton1 ,r4 ,e41 orig4 of ,ulatis1 #efg ,butt ,pear1 #cbb ,butterartige ,bergamotte1 #cbb ,butterbirne von ,saint-,nicolas 7syn4 of ,duchesse d',orlans71 #aef ,bttner ,sachsische ,ritterbirne1 #cbb ,cabot1 #cbc ,cabot1 ,j4 ,s41 orig4 of ,cabot1 #cbc ,cadeau1 #cbc ,cadet de ,vaux1 #cbc ,caen de ,france1 #cbc ,caesar1 #cbc ,caillot 7syn4 of ,naquette71 #dhj ,caillot ,rosat 7,english71 #cbc ,caillot ,rosat 7,french71 #cbc ,calbasbirn1 #cbd ,calebasse1 #cbd ,calebasse ,abb ,ftel 7syn4 of ,abb ,ftel71 #bcf ,calebasse d',anvers1 #cbd ,calebasse de ,bavay1 #cbd ,calebasse ,boisbunel1 #cbd ,calebasse ,bosc1 #cbd ,calebasse ,delvigne1 #cbe ,calebasse d't1 #cbe ,calebasse ,fondante1 #cbe ,calebasse ,grosse 7syn4 of ,van ,marum71 #efi ,calebasse d',hiver1 #cbe ,calebasse ,kickx1 #cbe ,calebasse ,leroy1 #cbe ,calebasse ,oberdieck1 #cbe ,calebasse d',octobre1 #cbf ,calebasse princesse ,marianne 7syn4 of ,princesse ,marianne71 #eac ,calebasse ,rose1 #cbf ,calebasse ,tougard1 #cbf ,calebasse ,verte1 #cbf ,calhoun1 #cbf ,california1 first commercial pear orchard in1 #ed ,caliorosa1 #cbf ,caliroa cerasi on pear1 #aai ,calixte ,mignot1 #cbf ,calliot 7syn1 of ,caillot ,rosat 7,french771 #cbd ,calvillebirne1 #cbf ,calvin1 #cbf ,camak1 #cbf ,camak1 ,j41 orig4 of ,camak1 #cbf ,cambacrs1 #cbg ,camerling1 #cbg ,camille de ,rohan1 #cbg ,camperveen 7syn4 of ,kamper-,venus71 #dcc ,canandaigua1 #cbg2 parent of ,ontario1 #bjb ,canners ,japan 7syn4 of ,japan ,golden ,russet71 #dbh ,canning1 #cbg ,canning pears1 #aji ,canourgues1 #cbg ,cantelope1 #cbg ,canton1 #cbg ,capeinick1 orig4 of ,duchesse de ,brabant1 #cgb ,capiaumont1 orig4 of ,beurr ,capiaumont1 #bhi ,capsheaf1 #cbh ,capucine ,van ,mons1 #cbh ,carasi1 #cbh ,carcas1 orig4 of ,roux ,carcas1 #ecb ,cardinal ,georges d',ambroise1 #cbh ,cardinale 7syn4 of ,amiral71 #bdd ,carleton1 #cbh ,carmel1 #cbh ,carminbirne1 #cbh ,caroline ,hogg1 #cbh ,carpocapsa pomonella on pear1 #aah ,carrire1 #cbi ,cartheurserbirne1 #cbi ,case1 ,william1 orig4 of ,mary 7,case71 #dfg ,casimir1 #cbi ,cassante du ,comice1 #cbi ,cassante de ,mars1 #cbi ,cassel1 #cbi ,cassel ,nurs4 ,co41 introd4 of ,cassel1 #cbi ,casser1 orig4 of ,columbia1 #cdd ,casserule 7syn4 of ,poire de ,casserole71 #ejb ,cassolette1 #cbi ,cassolette 7,knoop71 #cbi ,castelain1 ,florimond1 orig4 of ,castelline1 #ccj ,castelline1 #ccj ,catch crops for pear orchards1 #ajb ,caterpillars on pear1 #abj ,catherine ,gardette1 #ccj ,catherine ,lambr1 #ccj ,catherine ,royal1 #ccj ,catillac1 #ccj ,catinka1 #ccj ,cato1 mention of pear by1 #g ,cauwenberghe1 ,lievin ,van1 orig4 of ,henriette ,van ,cauwenberghe1 #daf ,cavaignac1 #ccj ,cavelier de la ,salle1 #cca ,cecil1 ,mrs4 ,evelyn1 mention of pears by1 #ca ,cedarmere1 #cca ,cels ,butterbirne1 #cca ,century1 #cca ,cephalothecium roseum1 cause of pink-rot of pear1 #aag ,cerise ,brune1 #cca ,cerise ,double1 #cca ,cerruttis ,durstlsche1 #cca ,certeau1 #cca ,certeau d',automne1 #cca ,certeau d't1 #cca ,certeau d',hiver1 #ccb ,cesile1 #ccb ,chnomeles1 relationship of1 to pear1 #eg ,chaigneau1 #ccb ,chair-a-,dame1 #ccb ,chalk 7syn4 of ,crawford71 #cej ,chambers 7syn4 of ,early ,harvest71 #aeh ,chambrette1 ,marquis1 introd4 of ,virgouleuse1 #egc ,chamness1 #ccb ,chamness1 orig4 of ,chamness1 #ccb ,champ ,riche d',italie1 #ccb ,champagner ,bratbirne1 #ccc ,chancelier de ,hollande1 #ccc ,chancellor1 #ccc ,chancellor1 orig4 of ,chancellor1 #ccc ,chantry1 #ccc ,chaploux1 #ccc ,chapman1 #ccc ,chaptal1 #ccc ,charlemagne1 promotion of pear culture by1 #ab ,charles ,bivort1 #ccc ,charles ,cogne1 #ccd ,charles ,ernest1 #ccd ,charles ,frederickx1 #ccd ,charles de ,guelin1 #ccd ,charles ,smet1 #ccd ,charles van ,hooghten1 #ccd ,charles ,van ,mons1 #ccd ,charli ,basiner1 #ccd ,charlotte de ,brouwer1 #ccd ,charlotte de ,roucourt1 #cce ,charnock1 #cce ,charon1 orig4 of ,beurr ,charon1 #bij ,chat ,brul1 #cce ,chatenay1 ,pierre1 orig1 of ,beurr ,chatenay1 #bij ,chattanooga1 #cce ,chaudfontaine1 #cce ,chaudy1 orig4 of ,madame ,chaudy1 #def ,chaumontel1 #cce2 parent of ,chaumontel ,gras1 #cce ,chaumontel ,gras1 #cce ,chaumontel ,swan ,egg1 #ccf ,chaumontelle d't1 #ccf ,chelmsford1 #ccf ,cher ,dames 7,knoop71 #ccf ,cherroise1 #ccf ,chesill1 #ccf ,chesneau1 discov4 of ,fondante de la ,roche1 #che ,chevreau1 ,arthur1 orig4 of ,arthur ,chevreau1 #bec ,chilton1 #ccf ,china1 #ccf ,chinese ,pear4 7,see ,pyrus serotina7 ,chinese ,sand 7syn4 of ,sha ,lea71 #ede ,chio1 #ccg ,choak-pear1 #ccg ,choisnard1 #ccg ,cholwell1 #ccg ,christmas1 #ccg ,christmas ,beurr1 #ccg ,church1 #ccg ,churchill1 ,mrs41 orig4 of ,alexander1 #bdj ,chypre1 #ccg ,cincincis1 #cch ,cincincis ,seedling1 #cch ,cinquantime anniversaire1 #cch ,cire1 #cch ,cit ,gomand1 #cch ,citrina1 #cch ,citron1 #cch ,citron des ,carmes 7syn4 of ,madeleine71 #aie ,citron d',hyver1 #cci ,citron de ,saint ,paul1 #cci ,citron de ,sierentz1 #cci ,citronne1 #cci ,clairgeau1 ,pierre1 orig4 of ,beurr ,clairgeau1 #acb ,clairgeau 7syn4 of ,beurr ,clairgeau71 #acb ,clairgeau's ,butterbirne 7syn4 of ,beurr ,clairgeau71 #acb ,clap1 #cci ,clap1 ,william1 orig4 of ,clap1 #cci ,clapp1 ,f4 ,l41 orig4 of ,newhall1 #dha2 ,nicholas1 #dha ,clapp1 ,lemuel1 orig4 of ,dorset1 #adi2 ,frederick ,clapp1 #afi2 ,harris 7,massachusetts71 #dab ,clapp1 ,thaddeus1 orig4 of ,clapp ,favorite1 #adc2 ,sarah1 #eda ,clapp ,favorite1 #adb2 parent of ,tolstoy1 #efd2 place of1 in commercial pear culture1 #hd ,clapp ,no4 #bb 7syn4 of ,frederick ,clapp71 #afi ,clapp's ,favourite 7syn4 of ,clapp ,favorite71 #adb ,clapp's ,liebling 7syn4 of ,clapp ,favorite71 #adb ,clara1 #cci ,clara ,durieux1 #cci ,claretenbirne1 #cci ,clark1 #cci ,clarksville1 #cdj ,claude ,blanchet1 #cdj ,claude ,mollet1 #cdj ,clay1 #cdj ,clean culture versus sod for pear orchards1 #ajb ,clmence de ,lavours1 #cdj ,clmence van ,rumbeck1 #cdj ,clment ,bivort1 #cdj ,clementine1 #cdj ,climate adapted to pear culture1 #he ,climate of ,america uncongenial to pears1 #ch ,clinton1 #cdj ,clion 7syn4 of ,vicar of ,winkfield71 #bbg ,cloche de ,wittenberg1 #cdj ,clot1 orig4 of ,beurr ,clotaire1 #bij ,cludius1 orig4 of ,hildesheimer ,spte ,sommerbirne1 #dah ,codling moth on pear1 #aah ,coeur-de-,boeuf 7syn4 of ,ochsenherz71 #dhd ,coit1 ,colonel1 orig4 of ,beurr de ,coit1 #bia2 ,coit ,beurr1 #cdj ,coit ,beurr1 #cdj ,cold resistant pears1 #hf ,cold storage of pears1 #aji ,cole1 #cda ,cole ,winter1 #cda ,colland1 ,jean1 orig4 of ,triomphe de ,vienne1 #eff ,collins1 #cda ,colmar1 #cda ,colmar d',alost1 #cda ,colmar d',arenberg1 #cda ,colmar ,artoisenet1 #cda ,colmar d',automne ,nouveau1 #cdb ,colmar ,bretagne1 #cdb ,colmar ,charni1 #cdb ,colmar ,daras1 #cdb ,colmar ,delahaut1 #cdb ,colmar ,demeester1 #cdb ,colmar ,dewez1 #cdb ,colmar pine1 #cdb ,colmar d't1 #cdc ,colmar ,flotow1 #cdc ,colmar-,hirondelles1 #cdc ,colmar des ,invalides 7syn4 of ,colmar ,van ,mons71 #cdd ,colmar de ,jonghe1 #cdc ,colmar de ,mars1 #cdc ,colmar du ,mortier1 #cdc ,colmar ,navez1 #cdc ,colmar ,neill1 #cdd ,colmar ,sirand1 #cdd ,colmar ,van ,mons1 #cdd ,colmart1 #cdd ,coloma1 ,count de1 orig4 of ,beurr ,coloma1 #bia2 ,coloma ,carmeliterbirne1 #cdd2 ,reine des ,poires1 #eai2 ,suprme ,coloma1 #eeg ,coloma ,carmeliterbirne1 #cdd ,coloma's ,herbst ,butterbirne 7syn4 of ,urbaniste71 #bbd ,colonel ,wilder1 #adc ,colorado ,seedless1 #cdd ,colore de ,juillet1 #cdd ,columbia1 #add ,columbia 7syn4 of ,barseck71 #bfj ,comet 7syn4 of ,lawson71 #ahf ,cometbirne 7syn4 of ,lawson71 #ahf ,comice 7syn4 of ,doyenn du ,comice71 #aec ,comice ,horticole1 originator of ,doyenn du ,comice1 #aed ,commandant ,belaieff1 #cde ,commercial varieties of pears1 #hd2 in ,new ,york1 #aja ,commissaire ,delmotte1 #cde ,commodore1 #cde ,compotbirne1 #cde ,compote d't1 #cde ,comprette1 #cde ,comstock1 #cde ,comte ,canal de ,malabaila1 #cde ,comte de ,chambord1 #cde ,comte d',egmont1 #cdf ,comte de ,flandres1 #cdf ,comte de ,lambertye1 #cdf ,comte de ,lamy 7syn4 of ,lamy71 #ahd ,comte ,lelieur1 #cdf ,comte de ,meladore1 #cdf ,comte de ,morny1 #cdf ,comte de ,paris1 #cdf ,comtesse d',alost1 #cdf ,comtesse de ,chambord1 #cdf ,comtesse ,clara ,frijs1 #cdg ,comtesse de ,grailly1 #cdg ,comtesse de ,paris1 #cdg ,condorcet1 #cdg ,conference1 #cdg ,congrs de ,gand1 #cdg ,congrs ,pomologique1 #cdg ,conkleton1 #cdh ,conklin1 #cdh ,connecticut1 #cdh ,conseiller de ,hollande1 #cdh ,conseiller ,ranwez1 #cdh ,constant1 ,thomas1 orig4 of ,sudduth1 #bbj ,constant ,claes1 #cdh ,constitutional characters of pear-trees1 #ei ,cooke1 #cdh ,cooke1 ,elijah1 orig4 of ,beurr ,preble1 #cjc ,coolidge1 ,d4 ,w41 introd4 of ,winter ,bartlett1 #bca ,copia1 #cdh ,coppiers1 orig4 of ,vice-,prsident ,coppiers1 #egb ,cordus1 discussion of pears by1 #bj ,cornlie ,daras1 #cdh ,cornemuse1 #cdh ,cornewell1 #cdi ,cost of growing pears1 #aaj ,coter1 #cdi ,coule-,soif de ,cerutti1 #cdi ,courte-queue d',automne1 #cdi ,courte-queue d',hiver1 #cdi ,cousin ,blanc1 #cdi ,couteau1 #cdi ,coxe1 experimental orchards of1 #eb2 first ,american pomology by1 #eb ,craig1 #cdi ,craig ,favourite1 #cej ,crassane1 #cej2 parent of ,boeldien1 #cab2 ,lydie ,thirard1 #ded ,crassane ,libotton1 #cej ,crassane du ,mortier1 #cej ,crawford1 #cej ,crawford1 ,n4 ,w41 orig4 of ,carmel1 #cbh ,crede kegelfrmige ,zuckerbirne1 #cej ,crede ,sommerrusselet1 #cej ,crescenzi1 discussion of pear by1 #aa ,crisco1 #cea ,crisco1 ,robert1 orig4 of 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,wilder ,early71 #bcj ,wilder ,early1 #bcj ,wilder ,sugar1 #ehj ,wilding von ,einsiedel1 #eha ,wilding von ,gronau1 #eha ,wilding aus ,suffolk 7syn4 of ,suffolk ,thorn71 #eef ,wilford1 #eha ,wilkinson1 #eha ,wilkinson1 ,a41 orig4 of ,wilkinson ,winter1 #eha ,wilkinson1 ,jeremiah1 orig4 of ,wilkinson1 #eha ,wilkinson ,winter1 #eha ,willamette ,valley1 introduction of pear culture in1 #ed ,willermoz1 #eha ,william1 #eha ,william ,edwards 7syn4 of ,william71 #eha ,william ,prince1 #ehb ,williams1 orig4 of ,gansel ,late ,bergamot1 #cia2 ,gansel ,seckel1 #agj2 prop4 of ,bartlett1 #abe ,williams1 ,aaron ,davis1 orig4 of ,williams ,early1 #ehb ,williams1 ,john1 orig4 of ,chaumontel ,swan ,egg1 #ccf2 ,pitmaston1 #bjg ,williams1 ,mrs41 orig4 of ,williams ,double ,bearing1 #ehb ,williams1 ,theodore1 orig4 of ,theodore ,williams1 #efa ,williams 7syn4 of ,bartlett71 #abd ,williams' ,apothekerbirne 7syn4 of ,bartlett71 #abd ,williams' ,bon ,chrtien 7syn4 of ,bartlett71 #abd ,williams ,christbirne 7syn4 of ,bartlett71 #abd ,williams ,double ,bearing1 #ehb ,williams ,early1 #ehb ,williams d'hiver1 #ehb ,williams panache1 #ehb ,williams ,winter 7syn4 of ,williams d'hiver71 #ehb ,williamson1 #ehb ,williamson1 ,nicholas1 orig4 of ,williamson1 #ehb ,willison1 ,w41 orig4 of ,queen ,victoria1 #eae ,wilmington1 #ehb ,windsor1 #ehc ,winship1 #ehc ,winship1 ,messrs41 orig4 of ,winship1 #ehc ,winslow1 #ehc ,winter1 #ehc ,winter ,bartlett1 #bca ,winter ,bell 7syn4 of ,pound71 #bjh ,winter ,bon ,chrtien 7syn4 of ,angoisse71 #bdh ,winter ,dechantsbirne 7syn4 of ,easter ,beurr71 #aei ,winter ,doyenn1 parent of ,doyenn ,cinq ,pans1 #cff ,winter ,eisbirne 7syn4 of ,glace d'hiver71 #cig ,winter ,jonah1 #ehc ,winter ,meuris 7syn4 of ,beurr d',anjou71 #abg ,winter ,nelis1 #bcb2 parent of ,colmar ,sirand1 #cdd2 ,comptesse de ,chambord1 #cdg2 ,lycurgus1 #ded2 ,michaelmas ,nelis1 #dga2 ,reeder1 #baa2 place of1 in commercial pear culture1 #hd ,winter ,oken 7syn4 of ,oken71 #dhe ,winter ,orange 7syn4 of ,orange d',hiver71 #dhf ,winter ,pear1 #ehc ,winter ,pomeranzenbirne 7syn4 of ,orange d',hiver71 #dhf ,winter ,popperin1 #ehd ,winter ,rousselet1 #ehd ,winter ,seckel1 #ehd ,winter ,sweet ,sugar1 #ehd ,winter ,thorn 7syn4 of pine d',hiver71 #cgg ,winter ,williams1 #ehd ,winterbirne1 #ehd ,winterliebesbirne1 #ehd ,winterrobine1 #ehd ,winterwunder 7syn4 of ,petit-,oin71 #dif ,witte ,princesse1 #ehe ,witzthumb1 orig4 of ,jean de ,witte1 #dbi ,wolfsbirne1 #ehe ,woodberry1 ,william1 orig4 of ,rossney1 #ebd ,woodbridge1 orig4 of ,woodbridge ,seckel1 #ehe ,woodbridge ,seckel1 #ehe ,woodstock1 #ehe ,worden1 ,schuyler1 orig4 of ,worden ,meadow1 #ehe ,worden1 ,sylvester1 orig4 of ,worden ,seckel1 #bcd ,worden 7syn4 of ,worden ,seckel71 #bcd ,worden ,meadow1 #ehe ,worden ,seckel1 #bcd ,wrlesbirne1 #ehe ,wormsley ,grange1 #ehe ,wormy pear1 cause of1 #aah ,worster 7syn4 of ,black ,worcester71 #caj ,wredow 7syn4 of ,dlices de ,charles71 #cee ,wright1 ,zaccheus1 orig4 of ,chelmsford1 #ccf ,wurzer1 #ehf ,wurzer d',automne 7syn4 of ,wurzer71 #ehf ,yat1 #ehf ,yellow ,huff-cap1 #ehf ,york1 ,mrs4 ,jeremiah1 orig4 of ,pendleton ,early ,york1 #did ,york-prcoce de ,pendleton 7syn4 of ,pendleton ,early ,york71 #did ,youngken1 ,david1 orig4 of ,youngken ,winter ,seckel1 #ehf ,youngken1 ,josiah1 orig4 of ,red ,garden1 #eah ,youngken ,winter ,seckel1 #ehf ,zache1 #ehf ,zapfenbirn1 #ehf ,zarskaja1 #ehg ,znon1 #ehg ,zphirin ,grgoire1 #ehg ,zphirin ,louis1 #ehg ,zieregger ,mostbirne1 #ehg ,zimmtfarbige ,schmalzbirne1 #ehg ,zink ,pfalzgrafenbirne1 #ehg ,zoar ,beauty1 #ehh ,zo1 #ehh ,zricher ,zuckerbirne 7syn4 of ,sucre de ,zurich71 #eee ,zwibotzenbirne 7syn4 of ,deux ,ttes71 #cei ,,footnotes3 #a ,the ,odyssey1 ,book ,,vii4 ,translated by ,s4 ,h4 ,butcher and ,a4 ,lang4 #b ,pliny ,nat4 ,hist4 ,,xv3 #ae4 ,from a translation made for the writer by ,professor ,h4 ,h4 ,yeames2 ,hobart ,college1 ,geneva1 ,n4 ,y4 #c ,goderonne3 ,from godron1 a sculptural ornament having the shape of an elongated egg4 #d ,cordus1 ,valerius ,hist4 ,pl4 #c3agf-ahb4 #aefa4 ,the writer is indebted to ,professor ,h4 ,h4 ,yeames1 ,hobart ,college1 ,geneva1 ,n4 ,y41 for the translation of this chapter from the original text4 #e ,a ,hist4 of ,gard4 in ,eng4 #ce-cg4 #aiaj4 #f ,mass4 ,hist4 ,soc4 ,collections #ast ,ser4 #a3aah4 #g ,mass4 ,records #a3bd4 #h ,mass4 ,hist4 ,collections #c;d ,ser4 #bc3ccg4 #i ,hist4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 p4 #af4 #ahbi-ahgh4 #aj ,report of ,me4 ,pom4 ,soc4 #g3ahgc4 #aa ,prince1 ,william ,cat4 #agga4 #ab ,for a brief account of the life and work of ,john ,bartram1 see ,the ,grapes of ,new ,york1 page #ig4 #ac ,for an account of the life and work of ,coxe1 see ,the ,peaches of ,new ,york1 page #bed4 #ad ,for an account of the life and work of ,budd1 see ,the ,plums of ,new ,york1 page #ade4 #ae ,rehder1 ,alfred ,proc4 ,amer4 ,acad4 ,arts ,sci4 #ej3bbh4 #aiae4 #af ,wilson1 ,e4 ,h4 ,jour4 ,inter4 ,gar4 ,club #eih4 #aiah4 #ag ,galloway1 ,b4 ,t4 ,jour4 ,her4 #aa3bi4 #aibj4 #ah ,rehder1 ,alfred ,proc4 ,amer4 ,acad4 ,arts ,sci4 #ej3bcg4 #aiae4 #ai ,reimer1 ,f4 ,c4 ,bull4 ,com4 ,hort4 ,calif4 #e3afg-agb4 #aiaf4 #bj ,galloway1 ,b4 ,t4 ,jour4 ,her4 #aa3cb4 #aibj4 #ba ,reimer1 ,f4 ,c4 ,reprint from #aiaf annual report of ,pacific ,coast ,association of ,nurserymen1 #g4 #aiaf4 #bb ,some very good preliminary work on harvesting and storing pears has been done by the ,oregon ,experiment ,station1 and is reported in ,bulletin #aed1 ,june1 #aiah1 from that ,station4 #bc ,for costs and profits in growing apples see ,bulletin #cgf1 ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station4 #bd ,hesler and ,whetzel4 ,manual of ,fruit ,diseases #ccj-cca4 #aiag4 #be ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder contributed to all fields of ,american horticulture as an ardent amateur grower and as a most generous patron4 ,but it was as a pomologist and especially as a grower of grapes and pears that he established a permanent place for himself in the horticulture of the country4 ,he was born in ,new ,hampshire in #agih and died in ,boston in #ahhf1 having lived in ,dorchester1 a suburb of ,boston1 for upwards of a half century4 ,by vocation a merchant1 he was a captain of industry in his day1 yet most of his life1 especially after the prime had been passed1 was devoted to the avocation of horticulture4 ,he was one of the founders of the ,american ,pomological ,society and had the great honor of being its president1 excepting a single two-year term1 from the first meeting in #ahej until his death4 ,during the last years of his presidency1 ,wilder actively engaged in the reform of pomological nomenclature which the ,society was then carrying on4 ,he was an active member of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society for fifty-six years and its president from #ahda to #ahdh4 ,he was also one of the founders of the ,massachusetts ,board of ,agriculture1 of the ,massachusetts ,agricultural ,society1 of the ,united ,states ,agricultural ,society1 and was a trustee of the ,massachusetts ,institute of ,technology4 ,besides membership and activity in these agricultural organizations1 he served as colonel and commander in a military company and as president of the ,new ,england ,historic and ,genealogical ,society from #ahfh until his death4 ,wilder was a zealous collector and introducer of flowers4 ,he specialized in camellias1 azaleas1 orchids1 and roses4 ,a rose bearing his name is still a garden favorite4 ,many floral novelties of his day owe their origin or introduction to ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder4 ,he was ever enthusiastic over ,american grapes and tested all of the many new varieties introduced about the middle of the last century4 ,but the pear was even more to his fancy than the grape1 and he endeavored to grow every native variety of any promise whatsoever4 ,all told1 he tested over #abjj varieties1 and in #ahgc exhibited more than #djj varieties4 ,he originated several new pears and to him is due the honor of having introduced the ,beurre d',anjou in #ahdd4 ,at his death he left the ,american ,pomological ,society #ajjj for ,wilder medals for new fruits and #djjj for general purposes4 ,to the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society1 he left #ajjj to encourage the introduction of new ,american pears and grapes4 ,among many distinguished ,american pomologists who sought to improve the pear1 ,marshall ,p4 ,wilder deserves most of any recognition for his services and a place is therefore accorded him for his likeness in the frontispiece of ,the ,pears of ,new ,york and the book is thereby dedicated to him4 #bf ,the name is spelled by many writers ,beurr d',aremberg4 #bg ,general ,henry ,alexander ,scammell ,dearborn1 who followed the vocation of a soldier1 statesman1 and author1 chose as his avocation horticulture and in several of its fields became eminent4 ,a native of ,new ,england 7#aghc-ahea71 son of ,general ,henry ,dearborn of ,revolutionary fame1 he was early educated to the profession of law and pursued that vocation until the war with ,great ,britain in #ahab4 ,services in this war brought him the rank and title of general4 ,after the war he served as ,collector of the ,port of ,boston1 in ,congress1 and as ,mayor of ,roxbury1 ,massachusetts1 which office he held at the time of his death4 ,but it is as a patron1 friend1 and lover of horticulture that the life and work of ,general ,dearborn interest pomologists4 ,he was one of the charter members in the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society and a prime mover in its organization4 ,he was elected its first president ,march #ag1 #ahbi4 ,in the history of the ,society published in #ahhj1 of all the famous members of this truly remarkable organization1 ,general ,dearborn's portrait was chosen for the frontispiece4 ,he was early interested in experimental gardens and rural cemeteries4 ,the plans for experimental gardens advocated by him were never fully carried out1 but no doubt his enthusiasm for such gardens1 with his own garden as a model1 did much to stimulate the planting in ,america in the early half of the nineteenth century of the many famous gardens which adorned and enriched every center of culture along the ,atlantic seaboard4 ,he helped to establish the ,mount ,auburn and ,forest ,hills cemeteries1 famous among ,boston cemeteries1 and the first of rural cemeteries in this country4 ,his life-long devotion to rural art as exemplified in gardens and cemeteries knew no bounds4 ,on these subjects and on pomology he contributed many articles to the agricultural and horticultural papers of his time4 ,few men1 it can be said1 could better concentrate their thoughts and feelings on paper than he seems to have done4 ,besides the many papers from his own pen he published several translated treatises from the ,french1 chief of which was a monograph on the ,camellia in #ahch and another on ,morus multicaulis in #ahcj1 the ,mulberry ,craze being in full swing at this time4 ,general ,dearborn was an ardent pear-grower and helped to test the hundreds of seedlings then being brought from ,belgium and ,france and grew as well considerable numbers from his own seed-beds4 ,of all his seedlings1 however1 only ,dearborn survives4 #bh ,the fame of ,robert ,manning as an accurate and discriminating ,american pomologist will long endure4 ,few ,americans1 one conceives1 as his life is reviewed1 have rendered greater service in any field of the nation's agriculture4 ,the quantity of his work was not remarkably large1 but the quality was superfine4 ,systematic pomology in particular owes him much for his painstaking descriptions of fruits1 and his corrections in nomenclature4 ,born in ,salem1 ,mass41 ,july #ah1 #aghd1 he made the town of his birth famous as a pomological center in ,america1 where1 at the time of his death1 ,october #aj1 #ahdb1 his garden probably contained a larger collection of fruits than had ever before been brought together in ,america4 ,manning began collecting fruits in #ahbc when he established his ,pomological ,garden at ,salem for the purpose of introducing and testing new varieties of fruits4 ,he attempted to bring together all of the varieties of fruits that would thrive in eastern ,massachusetts1 and when his garden was fullest had about #bjjj fruits1 of which #ajjj kinds were pears1 to which fruit he gave most attention4 ,he had many ,english1 ,french1 and ,belgian correspondents from whom he received the most notable fruits grown in their countries4 ,he is said to have had a most remarkable memory and could carry in mind the names1 tree-habits1 and qualities of any fruit he had ever seen and could identify it at sight4 ,in whatever group of pomologists he chanced to be1 his identifications and decisions on nomenclature were accepted as correct4 ,small wonder1 therefore1 that the ,book of ,fruits1 published by ,manning in #ahch1 at once took the place of authority for descriptions of tree-fruits and for such small-fruits1 trees1 and shrubs as the author described4 ,it was the first1 and is almost the only1 ,american pomology in which the descriptions were all made with fruit in hand4 ,the author intended this book to be the first of a series1 but the books to follow never appeared4 ,he was one of the founders of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,pear-growers are indebted to ,manning for the work he did in testing the seedlings sent out by ,van ,mons1 the famous ,belgian breeder1 most of whose pears came to ,american orchards through the agency of the ,salem ,pomological ,garden4 ,he also received and introduced valuable pears from the ,london ,horticultural ,society4 ,his achievements mark ,manning among the most notable ,american pomologists1 of whom no other labored as devotedly for the attainment of better pears4 #bi ,bernard ,s4 ,fox was a pioneer nurseryman and fruit-grower in ,california who gave much time to improving the pear through seedlings4 ,during his stay of thirty years in the state of his adoption he was noted for his energy and enterprise in every industry that had to do with fruit-growing4 ,fox was an ,irishman who came to ,america in #ahdh and began work in the garden and nurseries of ,hovey and ,company of ,boston4 ,a few years later he emigrated with the gold-seekers to ,california where1 shortly1 he settled at ,san ,jose as a nurseryman and fruit-grower4 ,eventually he became possessed of a considerable amount of land the increasing value of which made him a very wealthy man1 and he took pleasure in being a patron of horticulture as well as a worker in its several fields4 ,early in his career at ,san ,jose his interest was aroused in the production of new pears from seed4 ,he was a most conscientious selecter and only the best survived in his orchards4 ,he was at all times extremely anxious not to cumber the list of pears with worthless varieties4 ,out of a great number of seedlings1 only three finally received his approval1 ,p4 ,barry1 ,fox1 and ,colonel ,wilder4 ,all have high places in the pear lists of ,california and the ,united ,states1 and do honor to an enthusiastic and painstaking breeder of pears4 ,for many years before his death in ,july1 #ahhj1 he was the ,vice ,president of the ,american ,pomological ,society for ,california4 ,bernard ,s4 ,fox was one of the first fruit-growers to bring fame to ,california1 and ,californians are justly proud of him4 #cj ,peter ,kieffer1 a nurseryman of good reputation in his state1 deserves pomological honors because of his keenness of vision in selecting for distribution the pear which bears his name4 ,few men would have recognized merit in the seedling from which the ,kieffer pear came4 ,peter ,kieffer was born in ,alsace in #ahab1 whence he emigrated to ,america in #ahcd4 ,in ,europe he had worked for twelve years in the garden of the ,king of ,france and upon his arrival in ,america sought employment as a gardener which he found on the estate of ,james ,gowen at ,mt4 ,airy1 near ,philadelphia4 ,in #ahec he started a small nursery at ,roxborough1 a short distance from ,philadelphia4 ,much of his stock was imported from ,europe1 most of which came from ,van ,houtte1 the famous ,belgian nurseryman4 ,from ,van ,houtte1 ,kieffer obtained seeds of the ,chinese ,sand pear from which came the ,kieffer pear as described in the history of the variety4 ,as a token of his faith in his new variety1 ,kieffer planted an orchard of this pear1 some of the trees of which still live and bear4 ,peter ,kieffer died in #ahij1 having made an important contribution to horticulture even though the variety sent out by him is far from perfect and has been much over-praised and over-planted4 #ca ,patrick ,barry1 one of the founders of the firm of ,ellwanger and ,barry1 whose ,mount ,hope ,nurseries at ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 were long of national and international reputation1 was born in ,belfast1 ,ireland1 in #ahaf and died in ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y41 in #ahij4 ,besides contributing to the fame of the nursery company he helped to found1 ,barry was for many years one of the leading pomological editors and authors of the country4 ,new ,york1 especially western ,new ,york1 is greatly indebted to ,george ,ellwanger and ,patrick ,barry for the horticultural services of their firm4 ,it is not an exaggeration to say that they introduced fruit-growing in western ,new ,york1 a region now famous for its fruits4 ,so1 also1 the parks and home grounds of the many beautiful cities1 towns1 and villages in western ,new ,york are adorned and enriched by ornamental trees1 shrubs and vines from the nurseries of ,ellwanger and ,barry4 ,patrick ,barry came to ,america in #ahcf and with ,george ,ellwanger founded the ,mount ,hope ,nurseries in #ahdj4 ,here for a half century he devoted himself to the introduction and distribution of fruit and out-of-door ornamental plants4 ,in the early life of the nursery company many importations were made from ,europe and at a time when there were no railroads1 telegraph wires1 nor ocean steamboats4 ,it was during this early period that the ,mount ,hope ,nurseries began the importation of pears and soon built up one of the largest collections in the country and one which was maintained long after the famous collections farther east had disappeared4 ,at one time or another over #ajjj varieties of pears were tested on the grounds of this nursery4 ,for a half century1 fruit-growers have studied with pleasure and profit the exhibits of pears made by ,ellwanger and ,barry at the ,state and ,national exhibitions of note4 ,from #ahdd to #aheb1 ,patrick ,barry edited ,the ,genesee ,farmer1 one of the best agricultural papers of its day and succeeded ,a4 ,j4 ,downing in the editorship of ,the ,horticulturist which he brought to ,rochester in #ahee where it was published until #ahhg4 ,barry's ,treatise on the ,fruit-,garden appeared in #ahea and at once became one of the most popular books on pomology4 ,in #ahgb the ,treatise was rewritten and published as ,barry's ,fruit ,garden4 ,another notable work of which he was author was ,the ,catalogue of ,fruits of the ,american ,pomological ,society which was compiled by him4 ,patrick ,barry was one of the founders of the ,western ,new ,york ,horticultural ,society1 for many years the leading horticultural organization of the continent1 and of which he was president for more than thirty years4 ,patrick ,barry ranks with ,coxe1 ,kenrick1 the ,downings1 ,warder1 ,eliot1 and ,thomas as a great leader in pomology of the time in which he lived4 ,william ,crawford ,barry1 son of ,patrick ,barry of the preceding sketch1 was born in ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 in #ahdg4 ,as a boy he attended parochial schools at ,rochester and at ,seton ,hall1 ,south ,orange1 ,new ,jersey4 ,as a young man he studied in ,berlin1 ,heidelberg1 and the ,university of ,louvain in ,belgium4 ,upon returning to ,america he took a position in a seed house in ,new ,york that he might have practical knowledge of the seed business to bring to the firm of ,ellwanger and ,barry of which he was soon to become a member4 ,after serving an apprenticeship in the seed business he returned to ,rochester to enter the firm which his father and ,george ,ellwanger had founded4 ,from the time of entrance in this company he took a prominent part in its affairs1 and for many years before his death1 ,december #ab1 #aiaf1 he was president of the corporation4 ,of his horticultural activities1 he may be said to have been an organizer and promotor--one of the captains in the industry4 ,for twenty-six years he was president of the ,western ,new ,york ,horticultural ,society1 having succeeded his father to this office4 ,he was the first president of the ,american ,rose ,society1 and in #ahhb was president of the ,eastern ,nurserymen's ,association4 ,for three years he was president of the ,board of ,control of the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station4 ,he helped to establish and took a leader's part in developing the parks of ,rochester which have made that city famous among lovers of landscapes4 ,highland ,park was almost a creation of the firm of ,ellwanger and ,barry4 ,in #ahhh the firm gave the city twenty acres of land adjoining the ,highland reservoir as the first step in establishing a park system for ,rochester4 ,mr4 ,barry was chairman of the committee of the park board having in charge ,highland ,park from the creation of the board until the year before his death when it passed out of existence4 ,besides these horticultural activities1 ,mr4 ,barry was either president or an officer in six banks and trust companies in ,rochester4 ,his was a commanding figure in the horticulture of ,new ,york4 ,no one attending the meetings of the ,western ,new ,york ,horticultural ,society during the twenty-six years he was president can forget ,mr4 ,barry4 ,his knowledge in every division of horticulture1 his devotion to grape and pear culture1 his genial manner and pleasant greeting to all members1 and his force and tact as a presiding officer fitted him so preminently well for the place that he was unopposed for the presidency during twenty-six terms following the death of his father and until his death4 ,george ,ellwanger1 one of the founders and thereafter until his death one of the partners in the ,mount ,hope ,nurseries1 ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 was born in ,germany in #ahaf and died in ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 in #aijf4 ,he came to the ,united ,states in #ahce1 having been educated as a horticulturist in ,stuttgart1 although possibly the training he received throughout his youth from his father1 a grower of grapes and fruits1 taught him most1 for ,ellwanger often said that it was from his father that he acquired his love of horticulture and was by him persuaded to devote his life to the vocation of nurseryman4 ,ellwanger settled in ,rochester in #ahci1 and the next year joined with ,patrick ,barry in forming the nursery and seed firm of ,ellwanger and ,barry1 calling their place of business ,mount ,hope ,nurseries4 ,ellwanger was one of the founders of the ,american ,pomological ,society1 and of the ,western ,new ,york ,horticultural ,society and throughout his life took an active interest in both organizations4 ,mr4 ,ellwanger had large business interests in ,rochester and western ,new ,york and helped most materially to develop the city and the country about4 ,his chief contributions to horticulture were made through the ,mount ,hope ,nurseries1 the influence of which is briefly set forth in the sketch of the life of ,patrick ,barry4 #cb ,henry ,waggoman ,edwards1 at one time ,governor of ,connecticut1 was a pioneer ,american pear breeder credited with making the first systematic attempt to grow new pears in this country4 ,he was a grandson of the eminent theologian1 ,jonathan ,edwards1 was born at ,new ,haven1 ,conn41 in #aggi1 graduated at ,princeton ,college in #agig1 studied law at the ,litchfield ,school and almost immediately entered into public life shortly to become prominent and famous in state and nation4 ,he served ,connecticut with honors as its ,governor1 and in the nation he distinguished himself as ,representative in the ,house from ,connecticut1 ,speaker of the ,house and as ,senator4 ,but it is as a pomologist that his career is of concern to the reader4 ,always interested in pomology1 and no doubt especially interested in pears through the spectacular work of ,van ,mons1 he planted pear seeds in the fall of #ahag with the aim of obtaining new and superior varieties of this fruit4 ,great success did not attend his attempts at pear breeding1 but ,governor ,edwards made a start in work which ,manning1 ,wilder and a score of others were to carry forward with more striking results4 ,out of many seedlings1 at least five were named and were grown for a longer or shorter time by the pear-growers of a century ago4 ,these are ,elizabeth1 ,calhoun1 ,dallas1 ,henrietta and ,citron1 all described among the minor varieties of this text4 ,while hardly to be considered among the foremost pomologists of the country1 ,governor ,edwards is in the front rank of the lesser men whose combined work has done so much to give weight and impulse to ,american pomology4 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,words surrounded by are italicized4 ,words surrounded by are bold4 ,in this e-text1 v,c represents a capital letter ,c with a diacritical mark caron 7v-shaped symbol7 above it4 ,illustrations were relocated to correspond to their references in the text4 ,obvious printer errors corrected and inconsistent spellings have been kept1 including inconsistent use of hyphen 7e4g4 after-flavor and after flavor71 accents 7e4g4 ,mskirte and ,muskirte71 capitalisation 7e4g4 ,nec plus ,meuris and ,nec ,plus ,meuris71 and proper names 7e4g4 ,luxemburg and ,luxembourg74 ,index entries that do not match their referenced text corrected 7except where the text is an obvious printer error7 and if necessary moved to the correct position according to alphabetical order1 e4g4 ,langstielege ,zuckerbirne corrected to be ,langstielige ,zuckerbirne4 ,index entries that refer to non-existent text have been deleted4 ,page #bdg1 word it removed from sentence 444though it it seems4444 ,page #bhd1 word it removed from sentence 444where it it is4444