,,! ,,*ri/ ,a ,critical ,review & ,analysis ( ! ,evid5ces ( ,8 ,exi/5ce ,by ,,john ,e4 ,,remsburg ,we mu/ get rid ( t ,*ri/4 --,em]son ,new ,york ,,! ,,tru? ,,seek] ,,company ,=ty-n9e ,vesey ,/reet4 ,to ,my ,wife ,nora ,m4 ,remsburg ,?is ,volume is ,inscrib$ ,humbly he came1 ,veil+ 8 horrible ,godhead 9 ! %ape ,( man1 scorn$ by ! _w1 8 "n unhe>d ,save by ! rabble ( 8 native t[n1 ,ev5 z a p>i% demagogue4 ,he l$ ,! cr[d2 he taught !m ju/ice1 tru?1 & peace1 ,9 semblance2 b he lit )9 _! s\ls ,! qu5*less flames ( zeal1 & bless$ ! sword ,he br\ght on e>? to satiate ) ! blood ,( tru? & fre$om 8 malignant s\l4 ,at l5g? 8 mortal frame 0 l$ to dea?4 ,i /ood beside him2 on ! tortur+ cross ,no pa9 assail$ 8 unt]re/rial s5se2 ,& yet he groan$4 ,indignantly ,i summ$ ,! massacres & mis]ies :i* 8 "n ,_h sanction$ 9 my c\ntry1 & ,i cri$ ,g6 ,g6 9 mock]y4 --,%elley4 ,,preface4 ,we mu/ get rid ( t ,*ri/1 we mu/ get rid ( t ,*ri/6 ,s spake "o ( ! wise/1 "o ( ! mo/ lovable ( m51 ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son4 ,if ,i _h my way1 said ,?omas ,c>lyle1 ! _w w\ld he> a pretty /]n comm&--,exit ,*ri/4 ,s9ce ,em]son & ,c>lyle spoke a revolution has tak5 place 9 ! ?\ghts ( m54 ,! m enlight5$ ( !m are n[ rid ( ,*ri/4 ,f _! m9ds he has made 8 exit4 ,to quote ! words ( ,pr(4 ,goldw9 ,smi?1 ,! mighty & supreme ,jesus1 :o 0 to transfigure all humanity by 8 div9e wit & grace--?is ,jesus has fl[n4 ,! sup]natural ,*ri/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! god ( or?odox ,*ri/ianity1 is dead4 ,b prie/craft lives & conjures up ! gho/ ( ?is dead god to fright5 & enslave ! masses ( mank9d4 ,! "n ( ,*ri/ has caus$ m p]secutions1 w>s1 & mis]ies ?an any o!r "n has caus$4 ,! d>ke/ wrongs are /ill inspir$ by x4 ,! wails ( angui% t w5t up f ,ki%5ev1 ,odessa1 & ,bialy/ok /ill vibrate 9 our e>s4 ,two notable works controv]t+ ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ appe>$ 9 ! la/ c5tury1 ! ,leb5 ,jesu ( ,/rauss1 & ! ,vie de ,jesus ( ,r5an4 ,/rauss 9 8 "w1 "o ( ! ma/]pieces ( ,free?\ght lit]ature1 endeavors to prove1 & proves to ! satisfaction ( a majority ( 8 read]s1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ is a hi/orical my?4 ,?is "w possesses p]man5t value1 b x 0 writt5 = ! s*ol> & n = ! g5]al read]4 ,9 ! ,g]man & ,lat9 v]sions1 & 9 ! admirable ,engli% translation ( ,m>ian ,evans 7,george ,eliot71 ! citations f ! ,gospels--& !y are _m--are 9 ,greek4 ,r5an's ,life ( ,jesus1 writt5 9 ,pale/9e1 has _h1 especially 9 its abridg$ =m1 an imm5se circulation1 & has be5 a pot5t factor 9 ! de?ronem5t ( ,*ri/4 ,x is a *>m+ book & displays great le>n+4 ,b x is a romance1 n a biography4 ,! ,jesus ( ,r5an1 l ! ,satan ( ,milton1 :ile sugge/$ by ! ,bible1 is a mod]n creation4 ,! w>p is to be f\nd 9 ! ,f\r ,gospels1 b ! wo( 0 spun 9 ! bra9 ( ! brilliant ,fr5*man4 ,( ?is book ,r5an's fell[-c\ntryman1 ,dr4 ,jules ,s\ry1 ?us writes3 ,x is to be fe>$ t ! beautiful1 ! 'div9e1' dream1 z he w\ld say1 :i* ! em95t s*ol> exp]i5c$ 9 ! v c\ntry ( ! ,gospel1 w h ! fate ( ! ',joconda' ( ,da ,v9ci1 & _m ( ! religi\s pictures ( ,raphael & ,mi*ael ,angelo4 ,su* dreams are admirable1 b !y are b\nd to fade4444 ,! ,jesus :o rises up & comes out f ^? old ,judaiz+ writ+s 7,synoptics7 is truly no idyllic p]sonage1 no meek dream]1 no mild & amiable morali/2 on ! contr>y1 he is v mu* m ( a ,jew fanatic1 attack+ )\t measure ! society ( 8 "t1 a n>r[ & ob/9ate vision>y1 a half-lucid ?aumaturge1 subject to fits ( passion1 :i* caus$ him to be look$ ^u z crazy by 8 own p4 ,9 ! eyes ( 8 contempor>ies & fell[-c\ntrym5 he 0 all t1 & he is ! same 9 ours4 ,r5an himself repudiat$ to a consid]able ext5t 8 e>li] views reg>d+ ,jesus4 ,:5 he wrote 8 "w he accept$ z au!ntic ! ,gospel ( ,john1 & to ?is ,gospel he 0 indebt$ l>gely = ! m admirable traits ( 8 h]o4 ,john he subsequ5tly reject$4 ,m>k he accept$ z ! olde/ & mo/ au!ntic ( ! ,gospels4 ,allud+ to ,m>k he says3 ,x _c be d5i$ t ,jesus is portray$ 9 ?is gospel n z a meek morali/ wor?y ( our affection1 b z a dreadful magician4 ,?is volume on ,! ,*ri/ 0 writt5 by "o :o recognizes 9 ! ,jesus ( ,/rauss & ,r5an a transitional /ep1 b n ! ultimate /ep1 betwe5 or?odox ,*ri/ianity & radical ,free?\ght4 ,by ! ,*ri/ is und]/ood ! ,jesus ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,jesus ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! ,*ri/ ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,jesus ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is a sup]natural be+4 ,he is1 l ! ,*ri/1 a my?4 ,he is ! ,*ri/ my?4 ,orig9ally ! ^w ,*ri/1 ! ,greek = ! ,jewi% ,messiah1 ! ano9t$1 meant ! (fice or title ( a p]son1 :ile ,jesus 0 ! "n ( ! p]son on :om 8 foll[]s _h be/[$ ?is title4 ,gradually ! title took ! place ( ! "n1 s t ,jesus1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ,*ri/ became int]*angeable t]ms--synonyms4 ,su* !y are to ! ,*ri/ian _w1 & su*1 by ! law ( common usage1 !y are to ! secul> _w4 ,x may be conc$$ z possible1 & ev5 probable1 t a religi\s en?usia/ ( ,galilee1 nam$ ,jesus1 0 ! g]m ( ?is my?ical ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b ?is is an assumption r ?an a demon/rat$ fact4 ,c]ta9 x is1 ?is p]son1 if he exi/$1 0 n a realization ( ! ,p]fect ,man1 z 8 admir]s claim4 ,!re are passages 9 ! ,gospels :i* ascribe to him a l(ty & noble "*1 b ^!1 = ! mo/ "p1 betray too well _! ,pagan orig94 ,! d$ication ( temples to him & ! wor%ip ( him by ^? :o d5y 8 div9ity is z irrational z x w prove ephem]al4 ,"o ( ! mo/ philosophic & "o ( ! mo/ f>-see+ m9ds ( ,g]many1 ,dr4 ,edw>d von ,h>tmann1 says3 ,:5 lib]al ,prote/antism dem&s religi\s rev]5ce = ! man ,jesus1 x is disgu/+ & %ock+4 ,!y _c !mselves believe t ! respect 9 :i* ,jesus is held by ! p & :i* !y h made use ( 9 su* an unprote/ant mann]1 c be ma9ta9$ = any l5g? ( "t aft] ! nimbus ( div9ity has be5 de/roy$1 & !y may reflect on ! insuffici5cy ( ! mom5t>y subt]fuge4 ,! ,prote/ant pr9ciple 9 its la/ consequ5ces1 disposes ( all k9ds ( dogmatic au?ority 9 a remorseless mann]1 & its support]s mu/1 :e!r !y l x or n1 disp5se ) ! au?ority ( ,*ri/4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,page ,*ri/'s ,real ,exi/5ce ,impossible #ac ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,sil5ce ( ,contempor>y ,writ]s #bd ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,*ri/ian ,evid5ce #ej ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,infancy ( ,*ri/ #fe ,,*apt] ,v4 ,m9i/ry ( ,*ri/ #abj ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,crucifixion ( ,*ri/ #bac ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,resurrection ( ,*ri/ #bif ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,8 ,"* & ,tea*+s #cdj ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,*ri/ a ,my? #dcc ,,*apt] ,x4 ,s\rces ( ! ,*ri/ ,my?--,anci5t ,religions #ddd ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,s\rces ( ! ,*ri/ ,my?--,pagan ,div9ities #dii ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,s\rces ( ! ,*ri/ ,my?--,conclusion #eff ,,! ,,*ri/4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,*ri/',s ,,real ,,exi/5ce ,,impossible4 ,! read] :o accepts z div9e ! prevail+ religion ( our l& may consid] ?is criticism on ,! ,*ri/ irrev]5t & unju/4 ,& yet = man's true saviors ,i h no lack ( rev]5ce4 ,= him :o lives & labors to uplift 8 fell[ m5 ,i h ! deepe/ rev]5ce & respect1 & at ! grave ( him :o ^u ! alt> ( immortal tru? has sacrific$ 8 life ,i w\ld gladly pay ! s9c]e tribute ( a m\rn]'s te>s4 ,x is n aga9/ ! man ,jesus t ,i write1 b aga9/ ! ,*ri/ ,jesus ( !ology2 a be+ 9 ^: "n an ,atlantic ( innoc5t blood has be5 %$2 a be+ 9 ^: "n ! :ole black catalogue ( crime has be5 exhau/$2 a be+ 9 ^: "n five hundr$ ?\s& prie/s are n[ enli/$ to keep ,tru? =ev] on ! scaffold1 ,wrong =ev] on ! ?rone4 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ! ,jesus ( humanity1 ! pa!tic /ory ( ^: humble life & tragic dea? has awak5$ ! sympa?ies ( millions1 is a possible "* & may h exi/$2 b ! ,jesus ( ,be?lehem1 ! ,*ri/ ( ,*ri/ianity1 is an impossible "* & does n exi/4 ,f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( ?is ,*ri/'s e>?ly c>e] he is repres5t$ by 8 alleg$ biograph]s z a sup]natural be+ end[$ ) sup]human p[]s4 ,he is conceiv$ )\t a natural fa!r3 ,n[ ! bir? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 on ?is wise3 ,:51 z 8 "m ,m>y 0 esp\s$ to ,joseph1 be=e !y came toge!r1 %e 0 f\nd ) *ild ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 7,matt4 i1 #ah74 ,8 m9i/ry is a succession ( miracles4 ,) a few loaves & fi%es he fe$s a multitude3 ,& :5 he _h tak5 ! five loaves & ! two fi%es1 he look$ up to heav51 & bless$ & brake ! loaves1 & gave !m to 8 disciples to set be=e !m2 & ! two fi%es divid$ he among !m all4 ,& !y did all eat1 & 7 fill$4 ,& !y took up twelve baskets full ( ! fragm5ts1 & ( ! fi%es4 ,& !y t did eat ( ! loaves 7 ab\t five ?\s& m5 7,m>k vi1 #da-dd74 ,he walks = miles ^u ! wat]s ( ! sea3 ,& /raightway ,jesus con/ra9$ 8 disciples to get into a %ip1 & to g be=e him unto ! o!r side1 :ile he s5t ! multitudes away4 ,& :5 he _h s5t ! multitudes away1 he w5t up into a m\nta9 ap>t to pray2 & :5 ! ev5+ 0 come1 he 0 !re alone4 ,b ! %ip 0 n[ 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea1 toss$ ) waves2 = ! w9d 0 contr>y4 ,& 9 ! f\r? wat* ( ! night ,jesus w5t unto !m1 walk+ on ! sea 7,matt4 xiv1 #bb-be74 ,he bids a rag+ tempe/ cease & x obeys him3 ,& !re arose a great /orm ( w9d1 & ! waves beat into ! %ip1 s t x 0 n[ full4444 ,& he arose1 & rebuk$ ! w9d1 & said unto ! sea1 ,peace1 be /ill4 ,& ! w9d ceas$1 & !re 0 a great calm 7,m>k1 iv1 #cg-ci74 ,he )]s ) a curse ! b>r5 fig tree3 ,& :5 he saw a fig tree 9 ! way1 he came to x1 & f\nd no?+ !reon1 b leaves only1 & said unto x1 ,let no fruit gr[ on !e1 h5ce=?1 =ev]4 ,& pres5tly ! fig tree )]$ away 7,matt4 xxi1 #ai74 ,he ca/s out devils3 ,& 9 ! synagogue !re 0 a man1 :i* _h a _s ( an unclean devil4444 ,& ,jesus rebuk$ him1 say+1 ,hold ?y peace1 & come out ( him4 ,& :5 ! devil _h ?r[n him 9 ! mid/1 he came out ( him & hurt him n 7,luke iv1 #cc1 #ce74 ,he cures ! incurable3 ,& z he ent]$ into a c]ta9 village1 !re met him t5 m5 t 7 lep]s1 :i* /ood af> (f2 & !y lift$ up _! voices1 & said1 ,jesus1 ,ma/]1 h m]cy on u4 ,& :5 he saw !m1 he said unto !m1 ,g %[ y\rselves unto ! prie/s4 ,& x came to pass1 t1 z !y w5t1 !y 7 cleans$ 7,luke xvii1 #ab-ad74 ,he re/ores to life a wid['s only son3 ,& :5 he came nigh to ! gate ( ! city1 behold1 !re 0 a dead man c>ri$ out1 ! only son ( 8 "m1 & %e 0 a wid[2 & mu* p ( ! city 7 ) h]4 ,& :5 ! ,"l saw h]1 he _h compassion on h]1 & said unto h]1 ,weep n4 ,& he came & t\*$ ! bi]2 & !y t bore him /ood /ill4 ,& he said1 ,"y man1 ,i say unto !e1 ,arise4 ,& he t 0 dead sat up1 & began to speak4 ,& he deliv]$ him to 8 "m 7,luke vii1 #ab-ae74 ,he revivifies ! decay+ corpse ( ,laz>us3 ,!n said ,jesus unto !m pla9ly1 ,laz>us is dead4444 ,!n :5 ,jesus came1 he f\nd t he _h la9 9 ! grave f\r days already4444 ,& :5 he _h ?us spok51 he cri$ ) a l\d voice1 ,laz>us1 come =?4 ,& he t 0 dead came =? 7,john xi1 #ad-dd74 ,at 8 crucifixion nature is convuls$1 & ! inanimate du/ ( ! grave is trans=m$ into liv+ be+s :o walk ! /reets ( ,j]usalem3 ,jesus1 :5 he _h cri$ aga9 ) a l\d voice1 yield$ up ! gho/4 ,&1 behold1 ! veil ( ! temple 0 r5t 9 twa9 f ! top to ! bottom2 & ! e>? did quake1 & ! rocks r5t2 & ! graves 7 op5$2 & _m bodies ( ! sa9ts1 :i* slept1 arose & came out ( ! graves aft] 8 resurrection1 & w5t into ! holy city1 & appe>$ unto _m 7,matt4 xxvii1 #ej-ec74 ,he rises f ! dead3 ,& :5 ,joseph _h tak5 ! body1 he wrapp$ x 9 a clean l95 clo?1 & laid x 9 8 own new tomb1 :i* he _h hewn out 9 ! rock2 & he roll$ a great /one to ! door ( ! sepul*re1 & dep>t$4444 ,&1 behold1 !re 0 a great e>?quake2 = ! angel ( ! ,"l desc5d$ f heav51 & came & roll$ back ! /one f ! door4444 ,& z !y w5t to tell 8 disciples1 behold1 ,jesus met !m1 say+1 ,all hail 7,matt4 xxvii1 #ei1 #fj2 xxviii1 #b1 #i74 ,he asc5ds bodily into heav53 ,& he l$ !m out z f> z to ,be?any1 & he lift$ up 8 h&s & bless$ !m4 ,& x came to pass1 :ile he bless$ !m1 he 0 p>t$ f !m1 & c>ri$ up into heav5 7,luke xxiv1 #ej1 #ea74 ,^! & a hundr$ o!r miracles make up to a great ext5t ?is s-call$ ,gospel ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/4 ,to disprove ! exi/5ce ( ^! miracles is to disprove ! exi/5ce ( ?is ,*ri/4 ,canon ,f>r> makes ?is frank admission3 ,if miracles be incr$ible1 ,*ri/ianity is false4 ,if ,*ri/ wr\ght no miracles1 !n ! ,gospels are untru/wor?y 7,witness ( ,hi/ory to ,*ri/1 p4 #be74 ,dean ,mansel ?us ackn[l$ges ! consequ5ces ( ! successful d5ial ( miracles3 ,! :ole sy/em ( ,*ri/ian belief ) its evid5ces1 444 all ,*ri/ianity 9 %ort1 s f> z x has any title to t "n1 s f> z x has any special relation to ! p]son or ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 is ov]?r[n 7,aids to ,fai?1 p4 #c74 ,dr4 ,we/cott says3 ,! ess5ce ( ,*ri/ianity lies 9 a miracle2 & if x c be %[n t a miracle is ei!r impossible or incr$ible1 all fur!r inquiry into ! details ( its hi/ory is sup]flu\s 7,gospel ( ! ,resurrection1 p4 #cd74 ,a miracle1 9 ! or?odox s5se ( ! t]m1 is impossible & incr$ible4 ,to accept a miracle is to reject a demon/rat$ tru?4 ,! _w is gov]n$1 n by *ance1 n by caprice1 n by special provid5ces1 b by ! laws ( nature2 & if !re be "o tru? :i* ! sci5ti/ & ! philosoph] h e/abli%$1 x is ?is3 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,nature ,,are ,,immutable4 ,if ! laws ( ,nature are immutable1 !y _c be susp5d$2 = if !y c\ld be susp5d$1 ev5 by a god1 !y w\ld n be immutable4 ,a s+le susp5sion ( ^! laws w\ld prove _! mutability4 ,n[ ^! alleg$ miracles ( ,*ri/ requir$ a susp5sion ( ,nature's laws2 & ! susp5sion ( ^! laws be+ impossible ! miracles 7 impossible1 & n p]=m$4 ,if ^! miracles 7 n p]=m$1 !n ! exi/5ce ( ?is sup]natural & miracle-p]=m+ ,*ri/1 except z a creature ( ! human imag9ation1 is incr$ible & impossible4 ,hume's ma/]ly argum5t aga9/ miracles has nev] be5 refut$3 ,a miracle is a violation ( ! laws ( ,nature2 & z a firm & unalt]able exp]i5ce has e/abli%$ ^! laws1 ! pro( aga9/ a miracle1 f ! v nature ( ! fact1 is z entire z any argum5t f exp]i5ce c possibly be imag9$4 ,:y is x m ?an probable t all m5 mu/ die2 t lead _c ( itself rema9 susp5d$ 9 ! air2 t fire consumes wood1 & is ext+ui%$ by wat]2 unless x be t ^! ev5ts are f\nd agreeable to ! laws ( ,nature1 & !re is requir$ a violation ( ^! laws1 or1 9 o!r words1 a miracle1 to prev5t !m8 ,no?+ is e/eem$ a miracle if x ev] happ5s 9 ! common c\rse ( ,nature4 ,x is no miracle t a man1 seem+ly 9 good heal?1 %\ld die sudd5ly2 because su* a k9d ( dea?1 ?\gh m unusual ?an any o!r1 has yet be5 frequ5tly obs]v$ to happ54 ,b x is a miracle t a dead man %\ld come to life2 because t has nev] be5 obs]v$ 9 any age or c\ntry4 ,!re mu/1 !re=e1 be a uni=m exp]i5ce aga9/ any miracul\s ev5t1 o!rwise ! ev5t w\ld n m]it ! appellation4 ,& z a uni=m exp]i5ce am\nts to a pro(1 !re is "h a direct & full pro(1 f ! nature ( ! fact1 aga9/ ! exi/5ce ( any miracle 7,essay on ,miracles74 ,allud+ to ,*ri/'s miracles1 ,m4 ,r5an1 a rev]5tial admir] ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 says3 ,obs]vation1 :i* has nev] be5 once falsifi$1 tea*es u t miracles nev] happ5 b 9 times & c\ntries 9 :i* !y are believ$1 & be=e p]sons dispos$ to believe !m4 ,no miracle ev] occurr$ 9 ! pres5ce ( m5 capable ( te/+ its miracul\s "*44444 ,x is n1 !n1 9 ! "n ( ?is or t philosophy1 b 9 ! "n ( univ]sal exp]i5ce1 t we bani% miracles f hi/ory 7,life ( ,jesus1 p4 #bi74 ,*ri/ianity arose 9 :at 0 preem95tly a miracle-work+ age4 ,ev]y?+ 0 atte/$ by miracles1 because ne>ly ev]ybody believ$ 9 miracles & dem&$ !m4 ,e religi\s tea*] 0 a work] ( miracles2 & h[ev] trifl+ ! miracle might be :5 wr\ght1 9 ?is atmosph]e ( unb\nd$ cr$ulity1 ! brea? ( exagg]ation soon exp&$ x into m>vel\s proportions4 ,to %[ m cle>ly ! "* ( ! age :i* ,*ri/ illu/rates1 let u take ano!r example1 ! ,py?agorean tea*]1 ,apollonius ( ,tyana1 a contempor>y ( ! ,galilean4 ,accord+ to 8 biograph]s--& !y are z wor?y ( cr$5ce z ! ,evangeli/s--8 c>e]1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! miracul\s ev5ts att5d+ x1 bore a rem>kable resemblance to t ( ,*ri/4 ,l ,*ri/1 he 0 a div9e inc>nation2 l ,*ri/ 8 miracul\s conception 0 ann\nc$ be=e 8 bir?2 l ,*ri/ he possess$ 9 *ildhood ! wisdom ( a sage2 l ,*ri/ he is said to h l$ a blameless life2 l ,*ri/ 8 moral tea*+s 7 decl>$ to be ! be/ ! _w _h kn[n2 l ,*ri/ he rema9$ a celibate2 l ,*ri/ he 0 av]se to ri*es2 l ,*ri/ he purifi$ ! religi\s temples2 l ,*ri/ he pr$ict$ future ev5ts2 l ,*ri/ he p]=m$ miracles1 ca/ out devils1 heal$ ! sick1 & re/or$ ! dead to life2 l ,*ri/ he di$1 rose f ! grave1 asc5d$ to heav51 & 0 wor%ip$ z a god4 ,! ,*ri/ian rejects ! miracul\s 9 ,apollonius because x is incr$ible2 ! ,rationali/ rejects ! miracul\s 9 ,*ri/ = ! same reason4 ,9 pro( ( ! human "* ( ! religion ( ,apollonius & ! div9e "* ( t ( ,*ri/ x may be urg$ t ! =m] has p]i%$1 :ile ! latt] has surviv$4 ,b ?is1 if x proves any?+1 proves too mu*4 ,if ! survival ( ,*ri/ianity proves its div9ity1 !n ! survival ( ! miracle-atte/$ fai?s ( ,buddhism & ,mohamm$anism1 its p[]ful & n\ri%+ rivals1 mu/ prove _! div9ity also4 ,! religion ( ,apollonius langui%$ & di$ because ! conditions = its developm5t 7 unfavorable2 :ile ! religions ( ,buddha1 ,*ri/1 & ,mohamm$ liv$ & ?riv$ because ( ! propiti\s circum/ances :i* favor$ _! developm5t4 ,) ! advancem5t ( k ! belief 9 ! sup]natural is disappe>+4 ,^? fre$ f ,ignorance1 & h] d>k si/]1 ,sup]/ition1 "k t miracles are my?s4 ,9 ! words ( ,mat!w ,arnold1 ,miracles are doom$2 !y w drop out l fairies & wit*craft1 f among ! matt] :i* s]i\s p believe 7,lit]ature & ,dogma74 ,:at prov$ ! /r5g? ( ,*ri/ianity 9 an age ( ignorance is prov+ its weakness 9 an age ( intellig5ce4 ,*ri/ian s*ol>s !mselves1 recogniz+ ! indef5sibility & absurdity ( miracles1 endeavor to expla9 away ! difficulties att5d+ _! acceptance by affirm+ t !y are n real1 b only app>5t1 violations ( ,nature's laws2 ?us putt+ ! miracles ( ,*ri/ 9 ! same class ) ^? p]=m$ by ! juggl]s ( ,india & ,japan4 ,!y resolve ! sup]natural into ! natural1 t ! incr$ible may appe> cr$ible4 ,) inv9cible logic & pitiless s>casm ,colonel ,+]soll exposes ! lam5ess ( ?is attempt to reta9 ! %ad[ ( ! sup]natural :5 ! sub/ance is gone3 ,believ]s 9 miracles %\ld n try to expla9 !m4 ,!re is b "o way to expla9 any?+1 & t is to acc\nt = x by natural ag5cies4 ,! mom5t y expla9 a miracle x disappe>s4 ,y %\ld n dep5d ^u explanation1 b ass]tion4 ,y %\ld n be driv5 f ! field because ! miracle is %[n to be unreasonable4 ,nei!r %\ld y be 9 ! lea/ di%e>t5$ if x is %[n to be impossible4 ,! possible is n miracul\s4 ,miracles mu/ be dismiss$ f ! doma9 ( fact & relegat$ to ! realm ( fiction4 ,a miracle1 ,i repeat1 is impossible4 ,above all ?is *ief ( miracles1 ,! ,*ri/1 is impossible1 & does n1 & nev] did1 exi/4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,sil5ce ,,( ,,contempor>y ,,writ]s4 ,ano!r pro( t ! ,*ri/ ( ,*ri/ianity is a fabul\s & n a hi/orical "* is ! sil5ce ( ! writ]s :o liv$ dur+ & imm$iately foll[+ ! "t he is said to h exi/$4 ,t a man nam$ ,jesus1 an obscure religi\s tea*]1 ! basis ( ?is fabul\s ,*ri/1 liv$ 9 ,pale/9e ab\t n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 may be true4 ,b ( ?is man we "k no?+4 ,8 biography has n be5 writt54 ,e4 ,r5an & o!rs h attempt$ to write x1 b h fail$--h fail$ because no mat]ials = su* a "w exi/4 ,contempor>y writ]s h left u n "o ^w conc]n+ him4 ,= g5]ations aft]w>d1 outside ( a few !ological epi/les1 we f9d no m5tion ( him4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( writ]s :o liv$ & wrote dur+ ! "t1 or )9 a c5tury aft] ! "t1 t ,*ri/ is said to h liv$ & p]=m$ 8 wond]ful works3 ,josephus1 ,/atius1 ,philo-,judaeus1 ,ptolemy1 ,s5eca1 ,h]mogones1 ,pl9y ! ,eld]1 ,val]ius ,maximus1 ,arrian1 ,appian1 ,petronius1 ,!on ( ,smyrna1 ,dion ,pruseus1 ,phlegon1 ,pat]culus1 ,pompon ,mela1 ,suetonius1 ,qu9tius ,curtius ,juv5al1 ,lucian1 ,m>tial1 ,pausanias1 ,p]sius1 ,val]ius ,flaccus1 ,plut>*1 ,florus ,lucius1 ,ju/us ( ,tib]ius1 ,favor9us1 ,apollonius1 ,pha$rus1 ,pl9y ! ,y\ng]1 ,damis1 ,tacitus1 ,aulus ,gellius1 ,qu9tilian1 ,columella1 ,lucanus1 ,dio ,*ryso/om1 ,epictetus1 ,lysias1 ,silius ,italicus1 ,appion ( ,alex&ria4 ,en\gh ( ! writ+s ( ! au?ors nam$ 9 ! =ego+ li/ rema9s to =m a libr>y4 ,yet 9 ?is mass ( ,jewi% & ,pagan lit]ature1 aside f two =g$ passages 9 ! works ( a ,jewi% au?or1 & two disput$ passages 9 ! works ( ,roman writ]s1 !re is to be f\nd no m5tion ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,philo 0 born be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 & liv$ until long aft] ! reput$ dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,he wrote an acc\nt ( ! ,jews cov]+ ! entire "t t ,*ri/ is said to h exi/$ on e>?4 ,he 0 liv+ 9 or ne> ,j]usalem :5 ,*ri/'s miracul\s bir? & ! ,h]odian massacre occurr$4 ,he 0 !re :5 ,*ri/ made 8 triumphal entry into ,j]usalem4 ,he 0 !re :5 ! crucifixion ) its att5dant e>?quake1 sup]natural d>kness1 & resurrection ( ! dead took place--:5 ,*ri/ himself rose f ! dead1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( _m witnesses asc5d$ into heav54 ,^! m>vel\s ev5ts :i* mu/ h fill$ ! _w ) amazem5t1 _h !y really occurr$1 7 unkn[n to him4 ,x 0 ,philo :o develop$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,logos1 or ,^w1 & al?\gh ?is ,^w inc>nate dwelt 9 t v l& & 9 ! pres5ce ( multitudes reveal$ himself & demon/rat$ 8 div9e p[]s1 ,philo saw x n4 ,josephus1 ! r5[n$ ,jewi% hi/orian1 0 a native ( ,judea4 ,he 0 born 9 #cg ,a4 ,d41 & 0 a contempor>y ( ! ,apo/les4 ,he 01 = a "t1 ,gov]nor ( ,galilee1 ! prov9ce 9 :i* ,*ri/ liv$ & taught4 ,he trav]s$ e "p ( ?is prov9ce & visit$ ! places :]e b a g5]ation be=e ,*ri/ _h p]=m$ 8 prodigies4 ,he resid$ 9 ,cana1 ! v city 9 :i* ,*ri/ is said to h wr\ght 8 fir/ miracle4 ,he m5tions e not$ p]sonage ( ,pale/9e & describes e important ev5t :i* occurr$ !re dur+ ! fir/ sev5ty ye>s ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,b ,*ri/ 0 ( too little consequ5ce & 8 de$s too trivial to m]it a l9e f ?is hi/orian's p54 ,ju/us ( ,tib]ius 0 a native ( ,*ri/'s own c\ntry1 ,galilee4 ,he wrote a hi/ory cov]+ ! "t ( ,*ri/'s reput$ exi/5ce4 ,?is "w has p]i%$1 b ,photius1 a ,*ri/ian s*ol> & critic ( ! n9? c5tury1 :o 0 acqua9t$ ) x1 says3 ,he ,ju/us makes n ! lea/ m5tion ( ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/1 ( :at ?+s happ5$ to him1 or ( ! wond]ful works t he did 7,photius' ,biblio!ca1 code #cc74 ,judea1 :]e occurr$ ! miracul\s beg9n+ & m>vel\s end+ ( ,*ri/'s e>?ly c>e]1 0 a ,roman prov9ce1 & all ( ,pale/9e is intimately associat$ ) ,roman hi/ory4 ,b ! ,roman records ( t age conta9 no m5tion ( ,*ri/ & 8 works4 ,! ,greek writ]s ( ,greece & ,alex&ria :o liv$ n f> f ,pale/9e & :o 7 famili> ) its ev5ts1 are sil5t also4 ,josephus4 ,late 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,josephus wrote 8 celebrat$ "w1 ,! ,antiquities ( ! ,jews1 giv+ a hi/ory ( 8 race f ! e>lie/ ages d[n to 8 own "t4 ,mod]n v]sions ( ?is "w conta9 ! foll[+ passage3 ,n[1 !re 0 ab\t ?is "t ,jesus1 a wise man1 if x be lawful to call him a man1 = he 0 a do] ( wond]ful works2 a tea*] ( su* m5 z receive ! tru? ) pleasure4 ,he drew ov] to him bo? _m ( ! ,jews1 & _m ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,he 0 ! ,*ri/2 & :5 ,pilate1 at ! sugge/ion ( ! pr9cipal m5 among/ u1 _h condemn$ him to ! cross1 ^? t lov$ him at ! fir/ did n =sake him2 = he appe>$ to !m alive aga9 ! ?ird day1 z ! div9e prophets _h =etold ^! & t5 ?\s& o!r wond]ful ?+s conc]n+ him2 & ! tribe ( ,*ri/ians1 s nam$ f him1 are n ext9ct at ?is day 7,book ,,xviii1 ,*ap4 iii1 sec4 #c74 ,= ne>ly sixte5 hundr$ ye>s ,*ri/ians h be5 cit+ ?is passage z a te/imonial1 n m]ely to ! hi/orical exi/5ce1 b to ! div9e "* ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,& yet a rank] =g]y 0 nev] p5n$4 ,its language is ,*ri/ian4 ,e l9e proclaims x ! "w ( a ,*ri/ian writ]4 ,if x be lawful to call him a man4 ,he 0 ! ,*ri/4 ,he appe>$ to !m alive aga9 ! ?ird day1 z ! div9e prophets _h =etold ^! & t5 ?\s& o!r wond]ful ?+s conc]n+ him4 ,^! are ! words ( a ,*ri/ian1 a believ] 9 ! div9ity ( ,*ri/4 ,josephus 0 a ,jew1 a dev\t believ] 9 ! ,jewi% fai?--! la/ man 9 ! _w to ackn[l$ge ! div9ity ( ,*ri/4 ,! inconsi/5cy ( ?is evid5ce 0 e>ly recogniz$1 & ,ambrose1 writ+ 9 ! g5]ation succe$+ its fir/ appe>ance 7#cfj ,a4 ,d47 (f]s ! foll[+ explanation1 :i* only a !ologian c\ld frame3 ,if ! ,jews d n believe u1 let !m1 at lea/1 believe _! own writ]s4 ,josephus1 :om !y e/eem a v great man1 ha? said ?is1 & yet ha? he spok5 tru? aft] su* a mann]2 & s f> 0 8 m9d w&]$ f ! "r way1 t ev5 he 0 n a believ] z to :at he himself said2 b ?us he spake1 9 ord] to deliv] hi/orical tru?1 because he ?\ght x n lawful = him to deceive1 :ile yet he 0 no believ]1 because ( ! h>dness ( 8 he>t1 & 8 p]fidi\s int5tion4 ,its brevity disproves its au!nticity4 ,josephus' "w is volum9\s & exhau/ive4 ,x comprises tw5ty books4 ,:ole pages are devot$ to petty robb]s & obscure s$iti\s lead]s4 ,ne>ly =ty *apt]s are devot$ to ! life ( a s+le k+4 ,yet ?is rem>kable be+1 ! greate/ product ( 8 race1 a be+ ( :om ! prophets =etold t5 ?\s& wond]ful ?+s1 a be+ great] ?an any e>?ly k+1 is dismiss$ ) a doz5 l9es4 ,x int]rupts ! n>rative4 ,section #b ( ! *apt] conta9+ x gives an acc\nt ( a ,jewi% s$ition :i* 0 suppress$ by ,pilate ) great slaught]4 ,! acc\nt ends z foll[s3 ,!re 7 a great numb] ( !m sla9 by ?is means1 & o!rs ( !m ran away w\nd$2 & ?us an end 0 put to ?is s$ition4 ,section #d1 z n[ numb]$1 beg9s ) ^! words3 ,ab\t ! same "t also ano!r sad calamity put ! ,jews into disord]4 ,! "o section naturally & logically foll[s ! o!r4 ,yet betwe5 ^! two closely connect$ p>agraphs ! "o relat+ to ,*ri/ is plac$2 ?us mak+ ! words1 ano!r sad calamity1 ref] to ! adv5t ( ?is wise & wond]ful be+4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian fa!rs 7 n acqua9t$ ) x4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,t]tullian1 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 & ,orig5 all w\ld h quot$ ?is passage _h x exi/$ 9 _! "t4 ,! failure ( ev5 "o ( ^! fa!rs to notice x w\ld be suffici5t to ?r[ d\bt ^u its g5u95ess2 ! failure ( all ( !m to notice x proves conclusively t x is spuri\s1 t x 0 n 9 exi/5ce dur+ ! second & ?ird c5turies4 ,z ?is passage fir/ appe>$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! ecclesia/ical hi/orian1 ,eusebius1 z ?is au?or op5ly advocat$ ! use ( fraud & deception 9 fur!r+ ! int]e/s ( ! *ur*1 z he is kn[n to h mutilat$ & p]v]t$ ! text ( ,josephus 9 o!r in/ances1 & z ! mann] ( its pres5tation is calculat$ to excite suspicion1 ! =g]y has g5]ally be5 *>g$ to him4 ,9 8 ,evangelical ,demon/ration1 writt5 e>ly 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 aft] cit+ all ! kn[n evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 he ?us introduces ! ,jewi% hi/orian3 ,c]ta9ly ! atte/ations ,i h already produc$ conc]n+ our ,savior may be suffici5t4 ,h[ev]1 x may n be amiss1 if1 ov] & above1 we make use ( ,josephus ! ,jew = a fur!r witness 7,book ,,iii1 p4 #abd74 ,*ryso/om & ,photius bo? reject ?is passage4 ,*ryso/om1 a read] ( ,josephus1 :o prea*$ & wrote 9 ! latt] "p ( ! f\r? c5tury1 9 8 def5se ( ,*ri/ianity1 ne$$ ?is evid5ce1 b 0 too hone/ or too wise to use x4 ,photius1 :o made a revision ( ,josephus1 writ+ five hundr$ ye>s aft] ! "t ( ,eusebius1 ignores ! passage1 & admits t ,josephus has made no m5tion ( ,*ri/4 ,mod]n ,*ri/ian s*ol>s g5]ally conc$e t ! passage is a =g]y4 ,dr4 ,l>dn]1 "o ( ! able/ def5d]s ( ,*ri/ianity1 adduces ! foll[+ argum5ts aga9/ its g5u95ess3 ,i d n p]ceive t we at all want ! suspect$ te/imony to ,jesus1 :i* 0 nev] quot$ by any ( our ,*ri/ian ance/ors be=e ,eusebius4 ,nor d ,i recollect t ,josephus has any:]e m5tion$ ! "n or ^w ,*ri/1 9 any ( 8 works2 except ! te/imony above m5tion$1 & ! passage conc]n+ ,james1 ! ,"l's bro!r4 ,x int]rupts ! n>rative4 ,! language is q ,*ri/ian4 ,x is n quot$ by ,*ryso/om1 ?\gh he (t5 ref]s to ,josephus1 & c\ld n h omitt$ quot+ x _h x be5 !n 9 ! text4 ,x is n quot$ by ,photius1 ?\gh he has ?ree articles conc]n+ ,josephus4 ,"u ! article ,ju/us ( ,tib]ias1 ?is au?or 7,photius7 expressly /ates t ! hi/orian ,josephus1 be+ a ,jew1 has n tak5 ! lea/ notice ( ,*ri/4 ,nei!r ,ju/9 9 8 dialogue ) ,trypho ! ,jew1 nor ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 :o made s _m extracts f anci5t au?ors1 nor ,orig5 aga9/ ,celsus1 has ev] m5tion$ ?is te/imony4 ,b1 on ! contr>y1 9 *apt] xxxv ( ! fir/ book ( t "w1 ,orig5 op5ly affirms t ,josephus1 :o _h m5tion$ ,john ! ,bapti/1 did n ackn[l$ge ,*ri/ 7,answ] to ,dr4 ,*&l]74 ,aga9 ,dr4 ,l>dn] says3 ,?is passage is n quot$ nor ref]r$ to by any ,*ri/ian writ] be=e ,eusebius1 :o fl\ri%$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,if x _h be5 orig9ally 9 ! works ( ,josephus x w\ld h be5 highly prop] to produce x 9 _! disputes ) ,jews & ,g5tiles4 ,b x is nev] quot$ by ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 or ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 nor by ,t]tullian or ,orig51 m5 ( great le>n+1 & well acqua9t$ ) ! works ( ,josephus4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly v prop] to urge x aga9/ ! ,jews4 ,x might also h be5 fitly urg$ aga9/ ! ,g5tiles4 ,a te/imony s favorable to ,jesus 9 ! works ( ,josephus1 :o liv$ s soon aft] our ,savior1 :o 0 s well acqua9t$ ) ! transactions ( 8 own c\ntry1 :o _h receiv$ s _m favors f ,vespasian & ,titus1 w\ld n be ov]look$ or neglect$ by any ,*ri/ian apologi/ 7,l>dn]'s ,works1 vol4 ,i1 *ap4 iv74 ,bi%op ,w>burton decl>es x to be a =g]y3 ,if a ,jew own$ ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 he mu/ ne$s embrace x4 ,we1 !re=e1 c]ta9ly conclude t ! p>agraph :]e ,josephus1 :o 0 z mu* a ,jew z ! religion ( ,moses c\ld make him1 is made to ackn[l$ge ,jesus z ! ,*ri/1 9 t]ms z /rong z words c\ld d x1 is a rank =g]y1 & a v /upid "o1 too 7,quot$ by ,l>dn]1 ,works1 ,vol4 ,i1 *ap4 iv74 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,giles1 ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 says3 ,^? :o are be/ acqua9t$ ) ! "* ( ,josephus1 & ! /yle ( 8 writ+s1 h no hesitation 9 condemn+ ?is passage z a =g]y1 int]polat$ 9 ! text dur+ ! ?ird c5tury by "s pi\s ,*ri/ian1 :o 0 sc&aliz$ t s fam\s a writ] z ,josephus %\ld h tak5 no notice ( ! gospels1 or ( ,*ri/1 _! subject4 ,b ! zeal ( ! int]polator has outrun 8 discretion1 = we might z well expect to ga!r grapes f ?orns1 or figs f ?i/les1 z to f9d ?is notice ( ,*ri/ among ! ,judaiz+ writ+s ( ,josephus4 ,x is well kn[n t ?is au?or 0 a zeal\s ,jew1 devot$ to ! laws ( ,moses & ! traditions ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,h[1 !n1 c\ld he h writt5 t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/8 ,su* an admission w\ld h prov$ him to be a ,*ri/ian himself1 9 :i* case ! passage "u consid]ation1 too long = a ,jew1 w\ld h be5 f> too %ort = a believ] 9 ! new religion1 & ?us ! passage /&s =?1 l an ill-set jewel1 contra/+ mo/ inh>moni\sly ) ev]y?+ ar\nd x4 ,if x _h be5 g5u9e1 we might be sure t ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,t]tullian1 & ,*ryso/om w\ld h quot$ x 9 _! controv]sies ) ! ,jews1 & t ,orig5 or ,photius w\ld h m5tion$ x4 ,b ,eusebius1 ! ecclesia/ical hi/orian 7,i1 #aa71 is ! fir/ :o quotes x1 & our reliance on ! judgm5t or ev5 hone/y ( ?is writ] is n s great z to all[ our consid]+ ev]y?+ f\nd 9 8 works z und\bt$ly g5u9e 7,*ri/ian ,records1 p4 #cj74 ,! ,rev4 ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld1 9 8 ,lo/ & ,ho/ile ,gospels1 says3 ,?is passage is fir/ quot$ by ,eusebius 7fl4 ,a4 ,d4 #cae7 9 two places 7,hi/4 ,eccl41 lib4 i1 c4 xi2 ,demon/4 ,evang41 lib4 iii72 b x 0 unkn[n to ,ju/9 ,m>tyr 7fl4 ,a4 ,d4 #adj71 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7fl4 ,a4 ,d4 #aib71 ,t]tullian 7fl4 ,a4 ,d4 #aic71 & ,orig5 7fl4 ,a4 ,d4 #bcj74 ,su* a te/imony w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 produc$ by ,ju/9 9 8 apology or 9 8 controv]sy ) ,trypho ! ,jew1 _h x exi/$ 9 ! copies ( ,josephus at 8 "t4 ,! sil5ce ( ,orig5 is /ill m significant4 ,celsus1 9 8 book aga9/ ,*ri/ianity1 introduces a ,jew4 ,orig5 attacks ! argum5t ( ,celsus & 8 ,jew4 ,he c\ld n h fail$ to quote ! words ( ,josephus1 ^: writ+s he knew1 _h ! passage exi/$ 9 ! g5u9e text4 ,he1 inde$1 di/9ctly affirms t ,josephus did n believe 9 ,*ri/ 7,contr4 ,cels4 i74 ,dr4 ,*alm]s ignores x1 & admits t ,josephus is sil5t reg>d+ ,*ri/4 ,he says3 ,! entire sil5ce ( ,josephus ^u ! subject ( ,*ri/ianity1 ?\gh he wrote aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 & gives u ! hi/ory ( t p]iod 9 :i* ,*ri/ & 8 ,apo/les liv$1 is c]ta9ly a v /rik+ circum/ance 7,kneel&'s ,review1 p4 #afi74 ,ref]r+ to ?is passage1 ,dean ,milman1 9 8 ,gibbon's ,rome 7,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bhe1 note7 says3 ,x is int]polat$ ) _m additional clauses4 ,canon ,f>r>1 :o has writt5 ! able/ ,*ri/ian life ( ,*ri/ yet p5n$1 repudiates x4 ,he says3 ,! s+le passage 9 :i* he ,josephus alludes to him is int]polat$1 if n :olly spuri\s 7,life ( ,*ri/1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #df74 ,! foll[+1 f ,dr4 ,f>r>'s p51 is to be f\nd 9 ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica3 ,t ,josephus wrote ! :ole passage z x n[ /&s no sane critic c believe4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two reasons :i* are alone suffici5t to prove t ! :ole passage is spuri\s--"o t x 0 unkn[n to ,orig5 & ! e>li] fa!rs1 & ! o!r t its place 9 ! text is unc]ta9 7,ibid74 ,!odor ,keim1 a ,g]man-,*ri/ian writ] on ,jesus1 says3 ,! passage _c be ma9ta9$2 x has fir/ appe>$ 9 ?is =m 9 ! ,ca?olic *ur* ( ! ,jews & ,g5tiles1 & "u ! dom9ion ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 & h>dly be=e ! ?ird c5tury1 probably be=e ,eusebius1 & aft] ,orig51 ^: bitt] criticisms ( ,josephus may h giv5 cause = x 7,jesus ( ,naz>a1 p4 #be74 ,conc]n+ ?is passage1 ,hausra?1 ano!r ,g]man writ]1 says x mu/ h be5 p5n$ at a peculi>ly %ameless h\r4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hooykaas1 ( ,holl&1 says3 ,flavius ,josephus1 ! well kn[n hi/orian ( ! ,jewi% p1 0 born 9 ,a4 ,d4 #cg1 only two ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus2 b ?\gh 8 "w is ( ine/imable value z our *ief au?ority = ! circum/ances ( ! times 9 :i* ,jesus & 8 ,apo/les came =w>d1 yet he does n seem to h m5tion$ ,jesus himself4 ,at any rate1 ! passage 9 8 ',jewi% ,antiquities' t ref]s to him is c]ta9ly spuri\s1 & 0 ins]t$ by a lat] & a ,*ri/ian h& 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bg74 ,?is conclusion ( ,dr4 ,hooykaas is endors$ by ! em95t ,dut* critic1 ,dr4 ,ku554 ,dr4 ,alex&] ,campbell1 "o ( ,am]ica's able/ ,*ri/ian apologi/s1 says3 ,josephus1 ! ,jewi% hi/orian1 0 contempor>y ) ! ,apo/les1 hav+ be5 born 9 ! ye> #cg4 ,f 8 situation & habits1 he _h e access to "k all t took place at ! rise ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,respect+ ! f\nd] ( ?is religion1 ,josephus has ?\ght fit to be sil5t 9 hi/ory4 ,! pres5t copies ( 8 "w conta9 "o passage :i* speaks v respectfully ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ascribes to him ! "* ( ! ,messiah4 ,b z ,josephus did n embrace ,*ri/ianity1 & z ?is passage is n quot$ or ref]r$ to until ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury1 x is1 = ^! & o!r reasons1 g5]ally acc\nt$ spuri\s 7,evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 f ,campbell-,ow5 ,debate1 p4 #cab74 ,ano!r passage 9 ,josephus1 relat+ to ! y\ng] ,ananus1 :o 0 high prie/ ( ! ,jews 9 #fb ,a4 ,d41 reads z foll[s3 ,b ?is y\ng] ,ananus1 :o1 z we h told y already1 took ! high prie/hood1 0 a bold man 9 8 temp] & v insol5t2 he 0 also ( ! sect ( ,sadducees1 :o are v rigid 9 judg+ (f5d]s1 above all ( ! re/ ( ! ,jews1 z we h already obs]v$2 :51 !re=e1 ,ananus 0 ( ?is disposition1 he ?\ght he _h n[ a prop] opportunity4 ,fe/us 0 dead1 & ,alb9us 0 b ^u ! road2 s he assembl$ ! ,sanh$rim ( judges & br\ght be=e !m ! bro!r ( ,jesus1 :o 0 call$ ,*ri/1 ^: "n 0 ,james1 & "s o!rs2 & :5 he _h =m$ an accusation aga9/ !m z break]s ( ! law1 he deliv]$ !m to be /on$ 7,antiquities1 ,book ,,xx1 *ap4 ix1 sec4 #a74 ,?is passage is probably g5u9e ) ! exception ( ! clause1 :o 0 call$ ,*ri/1 :i* is und\bt$ly an int]polation1 & is g5]ally reg>d$ z su*4 ,ne>ly all ! au?orities t ,i h quot$ reject x4 ,x 0 orig9ally probably a m>g9al note4 ,"s ,*ri/ian read] ( ,josephus believ+ t ! ,james m5tion$ 0 ! bro!r ( ,jesus made a note ( 8 belief 9 ! manuscript be=e him1 & ?is a transcrib] aft]w>d incorporat$ ) ! text1 a v common practice 9 t age :5 purity ( text 0 a matt] ( second>y importance4 ,! fact t ! e>ly fa!rs1 :o 7 acqua9t$ ) ,josephus1 & :o w\ld h hail$ ) joy ev5 ?is evid5ce ( ,*ri/'s exi/5ce1 d n cite x1 :ile ,orig5 expressly decl>es t ,josephus has n m5tion$ ,*ri/1 is conclusive pro( t x did n exi/ until ! middle ( ! ?ird c5tury or lat]4 ,^? :o affirm ! g5u95ess ( ?is clause argue t ! ,james m5tion$ by ,josephus 0 a p]son ( less prom95ce ?an ! ,jesus m5tion$ by him1 :i* w\ld be true ( ,james1 ! bro!r ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,n[ "s ( ! mo/ prom95t ,jews liv+ at ?is "t 7 nam$ ,jesus4 ,jesus1 ! son ( ,damneus1 succe$$ ,ananus z high prie/ t v ye>2 & ,jesus1 ! son ( ,gamaliel1 a little lat] succe$$ to ! same (fice4 ,to id5tify ! ,james ( ,josephus ) ,james ! ,j1 ! bro!r ( ,jesus1 is to reject ! accept$ hi/ory ( ! primitive *ur* :i* decl>es t ,james ! ,j di$ 9 #fi ,a4 ,d41 sev5 ye>s aft] ! ,james ( ,josephus 0 condemn$ to dea? by ! ,sanh$rim4 ,:i/on himself1 ! translator ( ,josephus1 ref]r+ to ! ev5t n>rat$ by ! ,jewi% hi/orian1 admits t ,james1 ! bro!r ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 did n die till long aft]w>d4 ,! brief ,disc\rse ,conc]n+ ,hades1 app5d$ to ! writ+s ( ,josephus1 is univ]sally conc$$ to be ! product ( "s o!r writ]--obvi\sly ( ,*ri/ian orig9--says ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica4 ,tacitus4 ,9 ,july1 #fd ,a4 ,d41 a great conflagration occurr$ 9 ,rome4 ,!re is a tradition to ! effect t ?is conflagration 0 ! "w ( an inc5di>y & t ! ,emp]or ,n]o himself 0 believ$ to be ! inc5di>y4 ,mod]n editions ( ! ,annals ( ,tacitus conta9 ! foll[+ passage 9 ref]5ce to ?is3 ,n]o1 9 ord] to /ifle ! rumor1 ascrib$ x to ^? p :o 7 abhorr$ = _! crimes & commonly call$ ,*ri/ians3 ,^! he puni%$ exquisitely4 ,! f\nd] ( t "n 0 ,*ri/us1 :o1 9 ! reign ( ,tib]ius1 0 puni%$ z a crim9al by ! procurator1 ,pontius ,pilate4 ,?is p]nici\s sup]/ition1 ?us *eck$ = a:ile1 broke out aga92 & spread n only ov] ,judea1 ! s\rce ( ?is evil1 b rea*$ ! city also3 :i!r fl[ f all qu>t]s all ?+s vile & %ameful1 & :]e !y f9d %elt] & enc\ragem5t4 ,at fir/1 only ^? 7 appreh5d$ :o confess$ !mselves ( t sect2 aft]w>ds1 a va/ multitude 7 detect$ by !m1 all ( :om 7 condemn$1 n s mu* = ! crime ( burn+ ! city1 z _! hatr$ ( mank9d4 ,_! executions 7 s contriv$ z to expose !m to d]ision & contempt4 ,"s 7 cov]$ ov] ) ! sk9s ( wild bea/s1 & torn to pieces by dogs2 "s 7 crucifi$4 ,o!rs1 hav+ be5 daub$ ov] ) combu/ible mat]ials1 7 set up z lights 9 ! night "t1 & ?us burn$ to dea?4 ,n]o made use ( 8 own g>d5s z a !atre on ?is occasion1 & also exhibit$ ! div]sions ( ! circus1 sometimes /&+ 9 ! cr[d z a spectator1 9 ! habit ( a *>iote]2 at o!r times driv+ a *>iot himself1 till at l5g? ^? m51 ?\gh really crim9al1 & des]v+ exempl>y puni%m5t1 began to be commis]at$ z p :o 7 de/roy$1 n out ( reg>d to ! public welf>e1 b only to gratify ! cruelty ( "o man 7,annals1 ,book ,,xv1 sec4 #dd74 ,?is passage1 accept$ z au!ntic by _m1 mu/ be decl>$ d\btful1 if n spuri\s1 = ! foll[+ reasons3 #a4 ,x is n quot$ by ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs4 #b4 ,t]tullian 0 famili> ) ! writ+s ( ,tacitus1 & 8 argum5ts dem&$ ! citation ( ?is evid5ce _h x exi/$4 #c4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury1 made a compilation ( all ! recognitions ( ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity t _h be5 made by ,pagan writ]s up to 8 "t4 ,! writ+s ( ,tacitus furni%$ no recognition ( !m4 #d4 ,orig51 9 8 controv]sy ) ,celsus1 w\ld und\bt$ly h us$ x _h x exi/$4 #e4 ,! ecclesia/ical hi/orian ,eusebius1 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 cites all ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity obta9able f ,jewi% & ,pagan s\rces1 b makes no m5tion ( ,tacitus4 #f4 ,x is n quot$ by any ,*ri/ian writ] prior to ! fifte5? c5tury4 #g4 ,at ?is "t b "o copy ( ! ,annals exi/$1 & ?is copy1 x is claim$1 0 made 9 ! eigh? c5tury--#fjj ye>s aft] ! "t ( ,tacitus4 #h4 ,z ?is s+le copy 0 9 ! possession ( a ,*ri/ian ! ins]tion ( a =g]y 0 easy4 #i4 ,its sev]e criticisms ( ,*ri/ianity d n necess>ily disprove its ,*ri/ian orig94 ,no anci5t witness 0 m desirable ?an ,tacitus1 b 8 introduction at s late a p]iod w\ld make rejection c]ta9 unless ,*ri/ian =g]y c\ld be made to appe> improbable4 #aj4 ,x is admitt$ by ,*ri/ian writ]s t ! works ( ,tacitus h n be5 pres]v$ ) any consid]able degree ( fidelity4 ,9 ! writ+s ascrib$ to him are believ$ to be "s ( ! writ+s ( ,qu9tilian4 #aa4 ,! blood-curdl+ /ory ab\t ! frightful orgies ( ,n]o reads l "s ,*ri/ian romance ( ! d>k ages1 & n l ,tacitus4 #ab4 ,9 fact1 ?is /ory1 9 ne>ly ! same words1 omitt+ ! ref]5ce to ,*ri/1 is to be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,sulpicius ,sev]us1 a ,*ri/ian ( ! fif? c5tury4 #ac4 ,suetonius1 :ile m]cilessly condemn+ ! reign ( ,n]o1 says t 9 8 public ent]ta9m5ts he took p>ticul> c>e t no human lives %\ld be sacrific$1 n ev5 ^? ( condemn$ crim9als4 #ad4 ,at ! "t t ! conflagration occurr$1 ,tacitus himself decl>es t ,n]o 0 n 9 ,rome1 b at ,antium4 ,_m :o accept ! au!nticity ( ?is section ( ! ,annals believe t ! s5t5ce :i* decl>es t ,*ri/ 0 puni%$ 9 ! reign ( ,pontius ,pilate1 & :i* ,i h italiciz$1 is an int]polation4 ,:atev] may be said ( ! rema9d] ( ?is passage1 ?is s5t5ce be>s ! unmi/akable /amp ( ,*ri/ian =g]y4 ,x int]rupts ! n>rative2 x disconnects two closely relat$ /atem5ts4 ,elim9ate ?is s5t5ce1 & !re is no break 9 ! n>rative4 ,9 all ! ,roman records !re 0 to be f\nd no evid5ce t ,*ri/ 0 put to dea? by ,pontius ,pilate4 ,?is s5t5ce1 if g5u9e1 is ! mo/ important evid5ce 9 ,pagan lit]ature4 ,t x exi/$ 9 ! works ( ! greate/ & be/ kn[n ( ,roman hi/orians1 & 0 ignor$ or ov]look$ by ,*ri/ian apologi/s = #a1cfj ye>s1 no intellig5t critic c believe4 ,tacitus did n write ?is s5t5ce4 ,pl9y ! ,y\ng]4 ,?is ,roman au?or1 e>ly 9 ! second c5tury1 :ile s]v+ z a pro-consul "u ,trajan 9 ,bi?ynia1 is reput$ to h writt5 a lett] to 8 ,emp]or conc]n+ 8 treatm5t ( ,*ri/ians4 ,?is lett] conta9s ! foll[+3 ,i h laid d[n ?is rule 9 deal+ ) ^? :o 7 br\ght be=e me = be+ ,*ri/ians4 ,i ask$ :e!r !y 7 ,*ri/ians2 if !y confess$1 ,i ask$ !m a second & a ?ird "t1 ?reat5+ !m ) puni%m5t2 if !y p]sev]$1 ,i ord]$ !m to be execut$4444 ,!y assur$ me t _! only crime or error 0 ?is1 t !y 7 wont to come toge!r on a c]ta9 day be=e x 0 light1 & to s+ 9 turn1 among !mselves1 a hymn to ,*ri/1 z to a god1 & to b9d !mselves by an oa?--n to d any?+ t 0 wick$1 t !y w\ld commit no !ft1 robb]y1 or adult]y1 nor break _! ^w1 nor d5y t any?+ _h be5 entru/$ to !m :5 call$ ^u to re/ore x4444 ,i !re=e deem$ x ! m necess>y to enquire ( two s]vant maids1 :o 7 said to be att5dants1 :at 0 ! real tru?1 & to apply ! torture4 ,b ,i f\nd x 0 no?+ b a bad & excessive sup]/ition4 ,not)/&+ an alleg$ reply to ?is lett] f ,trajan1 cit$ by ,t]tullian & ,eusebius1 its g5u95ess may well be que/ion$1 & = ! foll[+ reasons3 #a4 ,! ,roman laws accord$ religi\s lib]ty to all1 & ! ,roman gov]nm5t tol]at$ & protect$ e religi\s belief4 ,r5an says3 ,among ! ,roman laws1 ant]ior to ,con/ant9e1 !re 0 n a s+le ord9ance direct$ aga9/ fre$om ( ?\ght2 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,pagan emp]ors n a s+le p]secution on acc\nt ( m]e doctr9es or cre$s 7,! ,apo/les74 ,gibbon says3 ,! religi\s t5ets ( ! ,galileans1 or ,*ri/ians1 7 nev] made a subject ( puni%m5t1 or ev5 ( inquiry 7,rome1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bae74 #b4 ,trajan 0 "o ( ! mo/ tol]ant & b5evol5t ( ,roman emp]ors4 #c4 ,pl9y1 ! reput$ au?or ( ! lett]1 is univ]sally conc$$ to h be5 "o ( ! mo/ humane & philan?ropic ( m54 #d4 ,x repres5ts ! di/ant prov9ce ( ,bi?ynia z conta9+1 at ?is "t1 a l>ge ,*ri/ian population1 :i* is improbable4 #e4 ,x assumes t ! ,emp]or ,trajan 0 little acqua9t$ ) ,*ri/ian beliefs & cu/oms1 :i* _c be h>moniz$ ) ! suppos$ hi/orical fact t ! mo/ p[]ful ( primitive *ur*es fl\ri%$ 9 ,trajan's capital & _h exi/$ = fifty ye>s4 #f4 ,pl9y repres5ts ! ,*ri/ians z decl>+ t !y 7 9 ! habit ( meet+ & s++ hymns to ,*ri/ z to a god4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians did n recognize ,*ri/ z a god1 & x 0 n until aft] ! "t ( ,pl9y t he 0 wor%ip$ z su*4 #g4 ,i ask$ :e!r !y 7 ,*ri/ians2 if !y confess$1 ,i ask$ !m a second & a ?ird "t1 ?reat5+ !m ) puni%m5t2 if !y p]sev]$ ,i ord]$ !m to be execut$4 ,t ?is wise & good man rew>d$ ly+ ) lib]ty & tru?fulness ) dea? is difficult to believe4 #h4 ,i !re=e deem$ x m necess>y to inquire ( two s]vant maids1 :o 7 said to be att5dants1 :at 0 ! real tru?1 & to apply ! torture4 ,nev] h ! p]son & "* ( woman be5 held m sacr$ ?an !y 7 9 ,pagan ,rome4 ,t "o ( ! noble/ ( ,romans %\ld h put to torture "y wom5 guiltless ( crime is incr$ible4 #i4 ,! decl>ation ( ! ,*ri/ians t !y took a solemn obligation n to d any?+ t 0 wick$2 t !y w\ld commit no !ft1 robb]y1 or adult]y1 nor break _! ^w1 etc41 looks l an +5i\s attempt to p>ade ! virtues ( primitive ,*ri/ians4 #aj4 ,?is lett]1 x is claim$1 is to be f\nd 9 b "o anci5t copy ( ,pl9y4 #aa4 ,x 0 fir/ quot$ by ,t]tullian1 & ! age imm$iately prec$+ ,t]tullian 0 notori\s = ,*ri/ian =g]ies4 #ab4 ,"s ( ! be/ ,g]man critics reject x4 ,gibbon1 :ile n d5y+ its au!nticity1 pron\nces x a v curi\s epi/le2 & ,dr4 ,:i/on1 :o consid]s x too valuable to disc>d1 applies to its cont5ts su* epi!ts z amaz+ doctr9e6 amaz+ /upidity6 ,josephus1 ,tacitus1 ,pl9y--^! are ! dis9t]e/$ witnesses adduc$ by ! *ur* to prove ! hi/orical exi/5ce ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 ! "o writ+ ne>ly "o hundr$ ye>s1 ! o!rs "o hundr$ & t5 ye>s aft] 8 alleg$ bir?2 ! te/imony ( two ( !m self-evid5t =g]ies1 & t ( ! ?ird a probable =g]y4 ,b ev5 if ! d\btful & ho/ile lett] ( ,pl9y be g5u9e1 x 0 n writt5 until ! second c5tury1 s t !re is n to be f\nd 9 all ! records ( pr(ane hi/ory prior to ! second c5tury a s+le allusion to ! reput$ f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,to ^! witnesses is sometimes1 ?\gh r>ely1 add$ a f\r?1 ,suetonius1 a ,roman hi/orian :o1 l ,tacitus & ,pl9y1 wrote 9 ! second c5tury4 ,9 8 ,life ( ,n]o1 ,suetonius says3 ,! ,*ri/ians1 a race ( m5 ( a new & villa9\s sup]/ition1 7 puni%$4 ,9 8 ,life ( ,claudius1 he says3 ,he ,claudius drove ! ,jews1 :o at ! in/igation ( ,*re/us 7 con/antly riot+1 out ( ,rome4 ,( c\rse no c&id ,*ri/ian w cont5d t ,*ri/ 0 incit+ ,jewi% riots at ,rome fifte5 ye>s aft] he 0 crucifi$ at ,j]usalem4 ,significant is ! sil5ce ( ! =ty ,jewi% & ,pagan writ]s nam$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,?is sil5ce alone disproves ,*ri/'s exi/5ce4 ,_h ?is wond]ful be+ really exi/$ ! e>? w\ld h res\nd$ ) 8 fame4 ,8 mighty de$s w\ld h engross$ e hi/orian's p54 ,! pages ( o!r writ]s w\ld h ab\nd$ ) ref]5ces to him4 ,?9k ( go+ ?r\gh ! lit]ature ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & se>*+ 9 va9 = ! "n ( ,napoleon ,bonap>te6 ,yet ,napoleon 0 a pigmy & 8 de$s trifles comp>$ ) ?is ,*ri/ & ! de$s he is said to h p]=m$4 ,) )]+ irony ,gibbon notes ?is om9\s sil5ce3 ,b h[ %all we excuse ! sup9e inatt5tion ( ! ,pagan & philosophic _w1 to ^? evid5ces :i* 7 repres5t$ by ! h& ( ,omnipot5ce1 n to _! reason1 b to _! s5ses8 ,dur+ ! age ( ,*ri/1 ( 8 apo/les1 & ( _! fir/ disciples1 ! doctr9e :i* !y prea*$ 0 confirm$ by innum]able prodigies4 ,! lame walk$1 ! bl9d saw1 ! sick 7 heal$1 ! dead 7 rais$1 demons 7 expell$1 & ! laws ( ,nature 7 frequ5tly susp5d$ = ! b5efit ( ! *ur*4 ,b ! sages ( ,greece & ,rome turn$ aside f ! awful spectacle1 &1 pursu+ ! ord9>y occupations ( life & /udy1 appe>$ unconsci\s ( any alt]ations 9 ! moral or physical gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,"u ! reign ( ,tib]ius1 ! :ole e>?1 or at lea/ a celebrat$ prov9ce ( ! ,roman empire1 0 involv$ 9 a pret]natural d>kness ( ?ree h\rs4 ,ev5 ?is miracul\s ev5t1 :i* ought to h excit$ ! wond]1 ! curiosity1 & ! devotion ( mank9d1 pass$ )\t notice 9 an age ( sci5ce & hi/ory4 ,x happ5$ dur+ ! lifetime ( ,s5eca & ! eld] ,pl9y1 :o mu/ h exp]i5c$ ! imm$iate effects1 or receiv$ ! e>lie/ intellig5ce ( ! prodigy4 ,ea* ( ^! philosoph]s1 9 a labori\s "w1 has record$ all ! great ph5om5a ( ,nature1 e>?quakes1 meteors1 comets1 & eclipses1 :i* 8 indefatigable curiosity c\ld collect4 ,bo? ! "o & ! o!r h omitt$ to m5tion ! greate/ ph5om5on to :i* ! mortal eye has be5 witness s9ce ! creation ( ! globe 7,rome1 ,vol4 ,i1 pp4 #ehh-eij74 ,ev5 conc$+1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 bo? ! au!nticity & ! cr$ibility ( ^! passages attribut$ to ! ,roman hi/orians1 :at d !y prove8 ,d !y prove t ,*ri/ 0 div9e--t he 0 a sup]natural be+1 z claim$8 ,no m ?an d ! writ+s ( ,pa9e & ,voltaire1 :i* also conta9 8 "n4 ,?is evid5ce is favorable n to ! adh]5ts1 b to ! oppon5ts1 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,if ^! passages be g5u9e1 & _! au?ors h p5n$ hi/orical tru?s1 x simply confirms :at mo/ ,rationali/s admit1 t a religi\s sect call$ ,*ri/ians1 :o recogniz$ ,*ri/ z _! f\nd]1 exi/$ z e>ly z ! fir/ c5tury2 & confirms :at "s h *>g$1 b :at ! *ur* is loa? to admit1 t primitive ,*ri/ians1 :o h be5 decl>$ ! highe/ exempl>s ( human virtue1 7 ! mo/ deprav$ ( villa9s4 ,an unlett]$ & cr$ul\s en?usia/1 nam$ ,jones1 imag9es t he has _h a revelation1 & proce$s to f\nd a new religi\s sect4 ,he ga!rs ab\t him a b& ( disciples z ignorant & cr$ul\s z himself4 ,he soon gets into tr\ble & is kill$4 ,b ! ,jonesi/s increase--increase 9 numb]s & 9 meanness--until at l5g? !y become suffici5tly notori\s to receive a p>agraph f an annali/ :o1 aft] hold+ !m up to ridicule & scorn1 acc\nts = _! orig9 by /at+ t !y take _! "n f "o ,jones :o1 dur+ ! adm9i/ration ( ,presid5t ,roosevelt1 0 hang$ z a crim9al4 ,! _w conta9s two billions ( inhabitants--mo/ly fools1 z ,c>lyle w\ld say--& z ! religion ( ?is sect is a little m fooli% ?an t ( any o!r sect1 x cont9ues to spread until at ! end ( two ?\s& ye>s x cov]s ! globe4 ,!n ?9k ( ! adh]5ts ( ?is religion cit+ ! uncomplim5t>y allusion ( ?is annali/ to prove t ,jones 0 a god6 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,*ri/ian ,,evid5ce4 ,! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,f>r>1 9 8 ,life ( ,*ri/1 conc$es & deplores ! de>? ( evid5ce conc]n+ ! subject ( 8 "w4 ,he says3 ,x is little %ort ( amaz+ t nei!r hi/ory nor tradition %\ld h embalm$ = u "o c]ta9 or preci\s say+ or circum/ance 9 ! life ( ! ,savior ( ,mank9d1 except ! comp>atively few ev5ts record$ 9 f\r v brief biographies4 ,) ^! f\r brief biographies1 ! ,f\r ,gospels1 ,*ri/ianity mu/ /& or fall4 ,^! f\r docum5ts1 x is admitt$1 conta9 practically all ! evid5ce :i* c be adduc$ 9 pro( ( ! exi/5ce & div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,pr(ane hi/ory1 z we h se51 af=ds no pro( ( ?is4 ,! s-call$ apocryphal lit]ature ( ! e>ly *ur* has be5 disc>d$ by ! *ur* itself4 ,ev5 ! rema9+ canonical books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are ( little consequ5ce if ! te/imony ( ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s be successfully impea*$4 ,disprove ! au!nticity & cr$ibility ( ^! docum5ts & ?is ,*ri/ian deity is remov$ to ! my?ical realm ( ,apollo1 ,od91 & ,osiris4 ,9 a previ\s "w1 ,! ,bible1 ,i h %[n t ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ) a few exceptions1 are n au!ntic4 ,?is evid5ce _c be reproduc$ "h 9 full4 ,a brief summ>y ( x mu/ suffice4 ,! ,f\r ,gospels1 x is claim$1 7 writt5 by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 two ( !m apo/les1 & two companions ( ! apo/les ( ,*ri/4 ,if ?is claim be true ! o!r writ+s ( ! apo/les1 ! writ+s ( ! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs1 & ! writ+s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 ought to conta9 "s evid5ces ( ! fact4 ,tw5ty books--ne>ly all ( ! rema9+ books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t--are said to h be5 writt5 by ! ?ree apo/les1 ,pet]1 ,john1 & ,paul1 a portion ( !m aft] ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels 7 writt52 b x is admitt$ t !y conta9 no evid5ce :atev] ( ! exi/5ce ( ^! ,gospels4 ,!re are extant writ+s accr$it$ to ! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs1 ,clem5t ( ,rome1 ,b>nabas1 ,h]mas1 ,ignatius1 & ,polyc>p2 writt51 = ! mo/ "p1 e>ly 9 ! second c5tury4 ,^! writ+s conta9 no m5tion ( ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,?is also is admitt$ by ,*ri/ian s*ol>s4 ,dr4 ,dodwell says3 ,we h at ?is day c]ta9 mo/ au!ntic ecclesia/ical writ]s ( ! times1 z ,clem5s ,romanus1 ,b>nabas1 ,h]mas1 ,ignatius1 & ,polyc>p1 :o wrote 9 ! ord] :]e9 ,i h nam$ !m1 & aft] all ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b 9 ,h]mas y w n f9d "o passage or any m5tion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 nor 9 all ! re/ is any "o ( ! ,evangeli/s nam$ 7,diss]tations ^u ,ir5aeus74 ,! ,f\r ,gospels 7 unkn[n to ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ! mo/ em95t ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 wrote ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5tury4 ,8 writ+s 9 pro( ( ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ dem&$ ! use ( ^! ,gospels _h !y exi/$ 9 8 "t4 ,he makes m ?an ?ree hundr$ quotations f ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ne>ly "o hundr$ f ! ,apocryphal books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 b none f ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,giles says3 ,! v names ( ! ,evangeli/s1 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 are nev] m5tion$ by him ,ju/9--d n occur once 9 all 8 writ+s 7,*ri/ian ,records1 p4 #ga74 ,papias1 ano!r not$ ,fa!r1 0 a contempor>y ( ,ju/94 ,he ref]s to writ+s ( ,mat!w & ,m>k1 b 8 allusions to !m cle>ly indicate t !y 7 n ! ,gospels ( ,mat!w & ,m>k4 ,dr4 ,davidson1 ! highe/ ,engli% au?ority on ! canon1 says3 ,he ,papias nei!r felt ! want nor knew ! exi/5ce ( inspir$ ,gospels 7,canon ( ! ,bible1 p4 #abc74 ,!ophilus1 :o wrote aft] ! middle ( ! latt] half ( ! second c5tury1 m5tions ! ,gospel ( ,john1 & ,ir5aeus1 :o wrote a little lat]1 m5tions all ( ! ,gospels1 & makes num]\s quotations f !m4 ,9 ! latt] half ( ! second c5tury1 !n1 betwe5 ! "t ( ,ju/9 & ,papias1 & ! "t ( ,!ophilus & ,ir5aeus1 ! ,f\r ,gospels 7 und\bt$ly writt5 or compil$4 ,^! books are anonym\s4 ,!y d n purport to h be5 writt5 by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke & ,john4 ,_! titles d n affirm x4 ,!y simply imply t !y are accord+ to ! suppos$ tea*+s ( ^! ,evangeli/s4 ,z ,r5an says1 ,!y m]ely signify t ^! 7 ! traditions proce$+ f ea* ( ^! ,apo/les1 & claim+ _! au?ority4 ,conc]n+ _! au?or%ip ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hooykaas says3 ,!y appe>$ anonym\sly4 ,! titles plac$ above !m 9 our ,bibles owe _! orig9 to a lat] ecclesia/ical tradition :i* des]ves no confid5ce :atev] 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bd74 ,x is claim$ t ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w orig9ally appe>$ 9 ,hebrew4 ,our v]sion is a translation ( a ,greek "w4 ,reg>d+ ?is ,/4 ,j]ome says3 ,:o aft]w>ds translat$ x into ,greek is n suffici5tly c]ta94 ,! consequ5ces ( ?is admission are ?us express$ by ,mi*aelis3 ,if ! orig9al text ( ,mat!w is lo/1 & we h no?+ b a ,greek translation2 !n1 frankly1 we _c ascribe any div9e inspiration to ! words4 ,! cont5ts ( ^! books refute ! claim t !y 7 writt5 by ! ,evangeli/s nam$4 ,!y n>rate ev5ts & conta9 doctr9al tea*+s :i* belong to a lat] age4 ,mat!w ascribes to ,*ri/ ! foll[+ language3 ,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build my *ur* 7xvi1 #ah74 ,?is ,gospel is a ,roman ,ca?olic ,gospel1 & 0 writt5 aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is hi]>*y to uphold ! supremacy ( ! ,petr9e ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,( ?is ,gospel ,dr4 ,davidson says3 ,! au?or1 inde$1 mu/ ev] rema9 unkn[n 7,introduction to ,new ,te/am5t1 p4 #gb74 ,! ,gospel ( ,luke is address$ to ,!ophilus4 ,!ophilus1 ,bi%op ( ,antio*1 :o is believ$ to be ! p]son address$1 fl\ri%$ 9 ! latt] half ( ! second c5tury4 ,dr4 ,s*lei]ma*]1 "o ( ,g]many's greate/ !ologians1 aft] a critical analysis ( ,luke1 concludes t x is m]ely a compilation1 made up ( ?irty-?ree preexi/+ manuscripts4 ,bi%op ,?irlwall's ,s*lei]ma*] says3 ,he ,luke is f beg9n+ to end no m ?an ! compil] & arrang] ( docum5ts :i* he f\nd 9 exi/5ce 7p4 #cac74 ,! basis ( ?is ,gospel is g5]ally believ$ to be ! ,gospel ( ,m>cion1 a ,paul9e compilation1 made ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5tury4 ,conc]n+ ?is ,gospel1 ! ,rev4 ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld1 9 8 ,lo/ & ,ho/ile ,gospels1 says3 ,! arrangem5t is s simil> t we are =c$ to ! conclusion t x 0 ei!r us$ by ,/4 ,luke or t x 0 8 orig9al composition4 ,if he us$ x !n 8 "r to ! title ( au?or ( ! ,?ird ,gospel falls to ! gr\nd1 z :at he add$ 0 ( small am\nt4 ,m>k1 accord+ to ,r5an1 is ! olde/ ( ! ,gospels2 b ,m>k1 accord+ to ,/rauss1 0 writt5 aft] ! ,gospels ( ,mat!w & ,luke 7 writt54 ,he says3 ,x is evid5tly a compilation1 :e!r made f memory or o!rwise1 f ! fir/ & ?ird ,gospels 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #ea74 ,judge ,waite1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 says t all b tw5ty-f\r v]ses ( ?is ,gospel h _! p>allels 9 ,mat!w & ,luke4 ,davidson decl>es x to be an anonym\s "w4 ,! au?or1 he says1 is unkn[n4 ,omitt+ ! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,m>k1 :i* all ,*ri/ian critics pron\nce spuri\s1 ! book conta9s no m5tion ( ! two great miracles :i* m>k ! limits ( ,*ri/'s e>?ly c>e]1 8 miracul\s bir? & 8 asc5sion4 ,conc]n+ ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels1 ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica says3 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,synoptic ,gospels took _! pres5t =m only by degrees4 ,( ^! books ,dr4 ,we/cott says3 ,_! sub/ance is evid5tly mu* old] ?an _! =m4 ,pr(essor ,rob]tson ,smi? pron\nces !m unapo/olic dige/s ( ! second c5tury4 ,! int]nal evid5ce aga9/ ! au!nticity ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel is conclusive4 ,! ,apo/le ,john did n write x4 ,john1 ! apo/le1 0 a ,jew2 ! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel 0 n a ,jew4 ,john 0 born at ,be?saida2 ! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel did n "k :]e ,be?saida 0 locat$4 ,john 0 an un$ucat$ fi%]man2 ! au?or ( ?is ,gospel 0 an accompli%$ s*ol>4 ,"s ( ! mo/ important ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,jesus1 ! ,synoptics decl>e1 7 witness$ by ,john2 ! au?or ( ?is kn[s no?+ ( ^! ev5ts4 ,! ,apo/le ,john witness$ ! crucifixion2 ! au?or ( ?is ,gospel did n4 ,! ,apo/les1 includ+ ,john1 believ$ ,jesus to be a man2 ! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel believ$ him to be a god4 ,reg>d+ ! au?or%ip ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 ,dr4 ,davidson says3 ,! ,johann9e au?or%ip has rec$$ be=e ! tide ( mod]n criticism1 & ?\gh ?is tide is arbitr>y at times1 x is "h irresi/ible 7,canon ( ! ,bible1 p4 #abg74 ,t ! au!nticity ( ! ,f\r ,gospels _c be ma9ta9$ is conc$$ by e imp>tial critic4 ,! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion1 9 "o ( ! mo/ pr(\nd & exhau/ive works on ?is subject ev] writt51 expresses ! result ( 8 labors 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,aft] hav+ exhau/$ ! lit]ature & ! te/imony be>+ on ! po9t1 we h n f\nd a s+le di/9ct trace ( any ( ^? ,gospels dur+ ! fir/ c5tury & a half aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus 7,sup]natural ,religion1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #bdh74 ,fifte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 ,bi%op ,fau/us1 a h]etical ,*ri/ian !ologian1 ref]r+ to ?is s-call$ ,gospel hi/ory1 wrote3 ,x is all[$ n to h be5 writt5 by ! son himself nor by 8 apo/les1 b long aft] by "s unkn[n m5 :o1 le/ !y %\ld be suspect$ ( writ+ ?+s !y knew no?+ (1 gave to _! books ! names ( ! ,apo/les4 ,! foll[+ is ! v]dict ( ! _w's greate/ ,bible critic1 ,baur3 ,^! ,gospels are spuri\s1 & 7 writt5 9 ! second c5tury4 ,acts1 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 & ,revelation4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les is suppos$ to h be5 writt5 by ! au?or ( ! ,?ird ,gospel4 ,l ?is book x is anonym\s & ( late orig94 ,x conta9s hi/orical inaccuracies1 contradicts ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 & conflicts ) ! writ+s ( ,paul4 ,conc]n+ ! la/1 ! ,bible = ,le>n]s 7,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #be7 says3 ,9 ! fir/ two *apt]s ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians1 he ,paul gives u sev]al details ( 8 own pa/ life2 & no soon] d we place 8 /ory side by side ) t ( ! ,acts ?an we cle>ly p]ceive t ?is book conta9s an incorrect acc\nt1 & t its inaccuracy is n ! result ( accid5t or ignorance1 b ( a delib]ate design4 ,?is book purports to be ! product *iefly ( ?ree m9ds3 t ( ! au?or :o gives a hi/orical sket* ( ! e>ly *ur*1 & ^? ( ,pet] & ,paul ^: disc\rses are report$4 ,& yet ! ?ree compositions are cle>ly ! products ( "o m9d--t ( ! au?or4 ,! evid5t purpose ( ! "w is to heal ! bitt] diss5sions :i* exi/$ betwe5 ! ,petr9e & ,paul9e *ur*es1 & ?is po9ts unmi/akably to ! latt] "p ( ! second c5tury z ! date ( its appe>ance1 :5 ! "w ( unit+ ! v>i\s ,*ri/ian sects into ! ,ca?olic *ur* began4 ,r5an consid]s ?is ! mo/ faulty book ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! sev5 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,james1 ,fir/ & ,second ,pet]1 ,fir/1 ,second & ,?ird ,john1 & ,jude1 h nev] be5 held 9 v high e/eem by ! *ur*4 ,_m ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs reject$ !m1 :ile mod]n ,*ri/ian s*ol>s h g5]ally consid]$ !m ( d\btful au!nticity4 ,! fir/ & la/ ( ^! 7 reject$ by ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,/4 ,james' ,epi/le1 says ,lu!r1 is truly an epi/le ( /raw 7,preface to ,lu!r's ,new ,te/am5t1 ed4 #aebd74 ,jude1 he says1 is an ab/ract or copy ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,second1 & allege? /ories & say+s :i* h no place 9 ,scripture 7,/&+ ,preface74 ,! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,pet] & ! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,john h g5]ally be5 accord$ a high] degree ( au?ority ?an ! o!rs2 b ev5 ^! 7 n writt5 by apo/les1 nor 9 ! fir/ c5tury4 ,dr4 ,s\ry says t ,fir/ ,pet] dates1 9 all probability1 f ! ye> #acj ,a4 ,d41 at ! e>lie/ 7,jesus & ! ,gospels1 p4 #cb74 ,ir5aeus1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t canon1 reject$ x4 ,! ,dut* critics1 :o d5y ! ,johann9e au?or%ip ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 & assign its composition to ! second c5tury1 say3 ,! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,john soon issu$ f ! same s*ool 9 imitation ( ! ,gospel 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #fib74 ,second ,pet] is a =g]y4 ,we/cott says !re is no pro( ( its exi/5ce prior to #agj ,a4 ,d4 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says ,_m reject ! epi/le z altoge!r spuri\s4 ,! brief epi/les ( ,second & ,?ird ,john are anonym\s & ( v late orig94 ,!y d n purport to be ! writ+s ( ,john4 ,! sup]scriptions decl>e !m to be f an eld]1 & ?is precludes ! claim t !y are f an apo/le4 ,! e>ly ,fa!rs ignor$ !m4 ,revelation is ! only book 9 ! ,bible :i* claims to be ! ^w ( ,god4 ,at ! same "t x is ! book ( :i* ,*ri/ians h always be5 ! mo/ suspici\s4 ,x is address$ to ! sev5 *ur*es ( ,asia1 b ! sev5 *ur*es ( ,asia reject$ x4 ,conc]n+ ! attitude ( anci5t *ur*m5 t[>d x1 ,dionysius1 ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 says3 ,div]s ( our pr$ecessors h :olly refus$ & reject$ ?is book1 & by discuss+ ! sev]al p>ts !re( h f\nd x obscure & void ( reason & ! title =g$4 ,! mo/ le>n$ & intellig5t ( ,prote/ant div9es1 says ! ,ed9burgh ,review1 almo/ all d\bt$ or d5i$ ! canonicity ( ! book ( ,revelation4 ,x is a book :i*1 ,dr4 ,s\? said1 ei!r f\nd a man mad or left him s4 ,calv9 & ,beza bo? =bade _! cl]gy to attempt an explanation ( its cont5ts4 ,lu!r says3 ,9 ! ,revelation ( ,john mu* is want+ to let me deem x ei!r prophetic or apo/olical 7,preface to ,n4 ,t41 #aebd74 ,consid]$ z evid5ces ( ,*ri/'s hi/orical exi/5ce & div9ity ^! n9e books are ( no value4 ,!y are all anonym\s writ+s or =g]ies1 &1 ) ! possible exception ( ,revelation1 ( v late orig94 ,:ile !y affirm ,*ri/'s exi/5ce !y are almo/ entirely sil5t reg>d+ 8 life & miracles4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,paul4 ,( ! f\rte5 epi/les ascrib$ to ,paul1 sev5--,ephesians1 ,colossians1 ,second ,!ssalonians1 ,fir/ & ,second ,timo?y1 ,titus1 & ,hebrews--are conc$$ by ne>ly all critics to be spuri\s1 :ile ?ree o!rs--,philippians1 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 & ,philemon--are g5]ally class$ z d\btful4 ,! g5]al v]dict conc]n+ ! fir/ sev5 is ?us express$ by ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hooykaas3 ,f\rte5 epi/les are said to be ,paul's2 b we mu/ at once /rike (f "o1 namely1 t to ! ,hebrews1 :i* does n be> 8 "n at all4 444 ,! two lett]s to ,timo?y & ! lett] to ,titus 7 c]ta9ly compos$ long aft] ! dea? ( ,paul4444 ,x is m ?an possible t ! lett]s to ! ,ephesians & ,colossians are also unau!ntic1 & ! same suspicion re/s1 p]haps1 on ! fir/1 b c]ta9ly on ! second ( ! ,epi/les to ! ,!ssalonians 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bc74 ,! au?or ( ,second ,!ssalonians1 ^: epi/le is a self-evid5t =g]y1 decl>es ,fir/ ,!ssalonians to be a =g]y4 ,baur & ! ,tub+5 s*ool reject bo? ,epi/les4 ,baur also rejects ,philippians3 ,! ,epi/les to ! ,colossians & to ! ,philippians 444 are spuri\s1 & 7 writt5 by ! ,ca?olic s*ool ne> ! end ( ! second c5tury1 to heal ! /rife betwe5 ! ,jew & ! ,g5tile factions 7,paulus74 ,dr4 ,ku55 & ! o!r ,dut* critics admit t ,philippians & ,philemon1 z well z ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 are d\btful4 ,t ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les are =g]ies is n[ conc$$ by all critics4 ,accord+ to ! ,g]man critics !y belong to ! second c5tury4 ,hebrews does n purport to be a ,paul9e docum5t4 ,lu!r says3 ,! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews is n by ,/4 ,paul1 nor1 inde$1 by any apo/le 7,/&+ ,preface to ,lu!r's ,n4 ,t474 ,f\r ,epi/les--,romans1 ,fir/ & ,second ,cor9?ians1 & ,galatians--:ile reject$ by a few critics1 are g5]ally admitt$ to be ! g5u9e writ+s ( ,paul4 ,^! books 7 writt51 x is claim$1 ab\t a qu>t] ( a c5tury aft] ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,!y are ! only books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ^: au!nticity c be ma9ta9$4 ,admitt+ ! au!nticity ( ^! books1 h[ev]1 is n admitt+ ! hi/orical exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ & ! div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,paul 0 n a witness ( ! alleg$ ev5ts ^u :i* ,*ri/ianity re/s4 ,he did n become a conv]t to ,*ri/ianity until _m ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,he did n see ,*ri/ 7save 9 a vision72 he did n li/5 to 8 tea*+s2 he did n le>n f 8 disciples4 ,! ,gospel :i* 0 prea*$ ( me is n aft] man1 = ,i nei!r receiv$ x ( man1 nei!r 0 ,i taught x 7,gal4 i1 #aa1 #ab74 ,paul accept$ only to a v small ext5t ! religion ( ,*ri/'s disciples4 ,he pr(ess$ to d]ive 8 k f sup]natural s\rces--f trances & visions4 ,reg>d+ ! value ( su* te/imony ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion 7p4 #igj7 says3 ,no "o c d5y1 & m$ical & psy*ological annals prove1 t _m m5 h be5 subject to visions & halluc9ations :i* h nev] be5 s]i\sly attribut$ to sup]natural causes4 ,!re is n "o s+le valid reason remov+ ! ec/atic visions & trances ( ! ,apo/le ,paul f ?is class4 ,! corporeal exi/5ce ( ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,evangeli/s receives slight confirmation 9 ! writ+s ( ,paul4 ,8 ,*ri/ 0 n ! inc>nate ,^w ( ,john1 nor ! demi-god ( ,mat!w & ,luke4 ,( ! immaculate conception ( ,jesus he knew no?+4 ,to him ,*ri/ 0 ! son ( ,god 9 a spiritual r ?an 9 a physical s5se4 ,8 son ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l1 :i* 0 made ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle%2 & decl>$ to be ! son ( ,god ) p[]1 accord+ to ! _s ( hol9ess1 by ! resurrection f ! dead 7,rom4 i1 #c1 #d74 ,god s5t =? 8 son1 made ( a woman b n ( a virg91 made "u ! law 7,gal4 iv1 #d74 ,) ! ,evangeli/s ! pro(s ( ,*ri/'s div9ity are 8 miracles4 ,_! books teem ) acc\nts ( ^!4 ,b ,paul evid5tly kn[s no?+ ( ^! miracles4 ,) him ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/'s div9e mission are 8 resurrection & ! spiritual gifts conf]r$ on ^? :o accept him4 ,! ,evangeli/s tea* a mat]ial resurrection4 ,:5 ! wom5 visit$ 8 tomb !y ent]$ 9 & f\nd n ! body ( ,jesus 7,luke xxiv1 #c74 ,! div9e mess5g]s said to !m1 ,he is n "h1 b is ris5 7#f74 ,he sat at meat ) 8 disciples2 he took bread1 & bless$ x1 & brake1 & gave to !m 7#cj74 ,!n he said to ,?omas1 ,rea* hi!r ?y f+]1 & behold my h&s2 & rea* hi!r ?y h&1 & ?ru/ x into my side 7,john xx1 #bg74 ,?is is entirely at v>iance ) ! tea*+s ( ,paul4 ,b n[ is ,*ri/ ris5 f ! dead1 & become ! fir/ fruits ( !m t slept4 ,= s9ce by man came dea?1 by man came also ! resurrection ( ! dead 7#a ,cor4 xv1 #bj1 #ba74 ,b "s man w say1 ,h[ are ! dead rais$ up8 & ) :at body d !y come8 ,?\ fool1 t :i* ?\ s[e/ is n quick5$1 except x die2 & t :i* ?\ s[e/1 ?\ s[e/ n t body t %all be 7#ce-cg74 ,x is s[n a natural body2 x is rais$ a spiritual body4 ,!re is a natural body1 & !re is a spiritual body 7#dd74 ,n[ ?is ,i say bre?r51 t fle% & blood _c inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god 7#ej74 ,! ,*ri/ t ,paul saw 9 a vision 0 a spiritual be+--an app>ition2 & ?is appe>ance he consid]s ( exactly ! same "* z ! po/ mortem appe>ances ( ,*ri/ to 8 disciples4 ,he 0 se5 ( ,cephas1 !n ( ! twelve2 aft] t he 0 se5 ( above five hundr$ bre?r5 at once2 444 aft] t1 he 0 se5 ( ,james2 !n ( all ! ,apo/les4 ,& la/ ( all1 he 0 se5 ( me also 7#a ,cor4 xv1 #e-h74 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,infancy ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,we h se5 t ! ,f\r ,gospels are n au!ntic1 t !y are anonym\s writ+s :i* appe>$ late 9 ! second c5tury4 ,if _! cont5ts seem$ cr$ible & _! /atem5ts h>moniz$ ) ea* o!r ?is want ( au!nticity w\ld invalidate _! au?ority1 because ! te/imony ( an unkn[n witness _c be accept$ z au?oritative4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if _! au!nticity c\ld be e/abli%$1 if x c\ld be %[n t !y 7 writt5 by ! au?ors claim$1 ! incr$ible & contradictory "* ( _! cont5ts w\ld de/roy _! au?ority4 ,z hi/orical docum5ts ^! books are h>dly wor?y ( cr$it4 ,! ,arabian ,nights is almo/ z wor?y ( cr$it z ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,9 bo? are to be f\nd acc\nts ( ?+s possible & ( ?+s impossible4 ,to believe ! impossible is gross sup]/ition2 to believe ! possible1 simply because x is possible1 is bl9d cr$ulity4 ,^! books are adduc$ z ! cr$5tials ( ,*ri/4 ,a critical analysis ( ^! cr$5tials reveals hundr$s ( errors4 ,a pres5tation ( ^! errors w occupy ! five succe$+ *apt]s ( ?is "w4 ,if x c be %[n t !y conta9 errors1 h[ev] trivial "s ( !m may appe>1 ?is refutes ! claim ( in]rancy & div9ity4 ,if x c be %[n t !y ab\nd ) errors1 ?is de/roys _! cr$ibility z hi/orical docum5ts4 ,de/roy ! cr$ibility ( ! ,f\r ,gospels & y de/roy all pro(s ( ,*ri/'s div9ity--all pro(s ( 8 exi/5ce4 #a ,:5 0 ,jesus born8 ,mat!w3 ,9 ! days ( ,h]od 7ii1 #a74 ,luke3 ,:5 ,cyr5ius 0 gov]nor ( ,syria 7ii1 #a-g74 ,ne>ly e biograph] gives ! date ( 8 subject's bir?4 ,yet n "o ( ! ,evangeli/s gives ! date ( ,jesus' bir?4 ,two1 ,mat!w & ,luke1 attempt to give ! "t approximately4 ,b betwe5 ^! two attempts !re is a discrepancy ( at lea/ t5 ye>s2 = ,h]od di$ #d ,b4 ,c41 :ile ,cyr5ius did n become gov]nor ( ,syria until #g ,a4 ,d4 ,a reconciliation ( ^! /atem5ts is impossible4 ,mat!w cle>ly /ates t ,jesus 0 born dur+ ! reign ( ,h]od4 ,luke /ates t ,augu/us ,caes> issu$ a decree t ! _w %\ld be tax$1 t ?is tax+ 0 fir/ made :5 ,cyr5ius 0 gov]nor ( ,syria1 & t ,jesus 0 born at ! "t ( ?is tax+4 ,! foll[+ extracts f ,josephus1 ! r5[n$ hi/orian ( ! race & c\ntry to :i* ,jesus belong$1 give ! date ( ?is tax+ & ! "t t elaps$ betwe5 ! dea? ( ,h]od & ! tax+1 & :i* reckon$ backw>d f ?is gives ! date ( ,h]od's dea?3 ,& n[ ,h]od alt]$ 8 te/am5t ^u ! alt]ation ( 8 m9d2 = he appo9t$ ,antipas1 to :om he _h be=e left 8 k+dom1 to be tetr>* ( ,galilee & ,b]ea1 & grant$ ! k+dom to ,ar*elaus4444 ,:5 he _h done ^! ?+s he di$ 7,antiquities1 ,b4 xvii1 *4 #h1 sec4 #a74 ,b 9 ! t5? ye> ( ,ar*elaus's gov]nm5t1 bo? 8 bre?r51 & ! pr9cipal m5 ( ,judea & ,sam>ia1 n be+ able to be> 8 b>b>\s & tyrannical usage ( !m1 accus$ him be=e ,caes>4444 ,& :5 he 0 come to ,rome1 ,caes>1 ^u he>+ :at c]ta9 accus]s ( 8 _h to say1 & :at reply he c\ld make1 bo? bani%$ him1 & appo9t$ ,vi5na1 a city ( ,gaul1 to be ! place ( 8 habitation1 & took 8 money away f him 7,ibid1 *4 #ac1 sec4 #b74 ,ar*elaus's c\ntry 0 laid to ! prov9ce ( ,syria2 & ,cyr5ius1 "o t _h be5 consul1 0 s5t by ,caes> to take acc\nt ( p's effects 9 ,syria1 & to sell ! h\se ( ,ar*elaus 7,ib4 sec4 #e74 ,:5 ,cyr5ius _h n[ dispos$ ( ,ar*elaus's money1 & :5 ! tax+s 7 come to a conclusion1 :i* 7 made 9 ! ?irty-sev5? ( ,caes>'s victory ov] ,antony at ,actium1 etc4 7,ib41 ,b4 xviii1 *4 #b1 sec4 #a74 ,! battle ( ,actium 0 f\ght ,septemb] #b1 ,b4 ,c4 #ca4 ,! ?irty-sev5? ye> f ?is battle compreh5d$ ! "t elaps+ betwe5 ,septemb] #b1 ,a4 ,d4 #f1 & ,septemb] #b1 ,a4 ,d4 #g1 ! mean ( :i* 0 ,m>* #b1 ,a4 ,d4 #g4 ,! mean ( ! t5? ye> prec$+ ?is--! ye> 9 :i* ,h]od di$--0 ,septemb] #b1 ,b4 ,c4 #d4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ by "s unacqua9t$ ) ,roman hi/ory t ,cyr5ius ,quir9us may h be5 twice gov]nor ( ,syria4 ,cyr5ius 0 b once gov]nor ( ,syria1 & ?is n until #g ,a4 ,d4 ,dur+ ! la/ ye>s ( ,h]od's reign1 & dur+ all ! ye>s ( ,ar*elaus's reign1 ,s5tius ,saturn9us & ,qu9tilius ,v>us held ?is (fice4 ,ev5 if ,cyr5ius _h previ\sly held ! (fice ! ev5ts relat$ by ,luke c\ld n h occurr$ !n because ,judea prior to #g ,a4 ,d4 0 n a "p ( ,syria4 ,! second *apt] ( ,luke :i* n>rates ! bir? & infancy ( ,jesus1 conflicts ) ! fir/ *apt] ( ?is book4 ,9 ?is *apt] x is expressly /at$ t ,za*>ias1 ! prie/1 liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,h]od &1 inf]5tially1 t ! conceptions ( ,john & ,jesus occurr$ at ?is "t4 ,*ri/ian *ronology1 by :i* ev5ts are suppos$ to be reckon$ f ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 agrees ) nei!r ,mat!w nor ,luke1 b dates f a po9t ne>ly int]m$iate betwe5 ! two4 ,accord+ to ,mat!w1 ,*ri/ 0 born at lea/ five ye>s be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era2 accord+ to ,luke he 0 born at lea/ six ye>s aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,?is is #aijg3 b accord+ to ,mat!w ,*ri/ 0 born n lat] ?an #aiab ye>s ago2 :ile accord+ to ,luke he 0 born n e>li] ?an #aija ye>s ago4 ,at lea/ t5 diff]5t op9ions reg>d+ ! ye> ( ,*ri/'s bir? h be5 advanc$ by ,*ri/ian s*ol>s4 ,dodwell places x 9 #f ,b4 ,c41 ,*ryso/om #e ,b4 ,c41 ,u%]1 ^: op9ion is mo/ commonly receiv$1 #d ,b4 ,c41 ,ir5aeus #c ,b4 ,c41 ,j]ome #b ,b4 ,c41 ,t]tullian #a ,b4 ,c4 ,"s mod]n au?orities place x 9 #a ,a4 ,d41 o!rs 9 #b ,a4 ,d41 & /ill o!rs 9 #c ,a4 ,d42 :ile ^? :o accept ,luke z infallible au?ority mu/ place x z late z #g ,a4 ,d4 #b ,x is g5]ally assum$ t ,jesus 0 born 9 ! la/ ye> ( ,h]od's reign4 ,h[ long be=e ! close ( ,h]od's reign 0 he born8 ,mat!w3 ,at lea/ two ye>s 7ii1 #a-af74 ,mat!w says t :5 ! wise m5 visit$ ,h]od he dilig5tly inquir$ ( !m ! "t :5 ! /> :i* ann\nc$ ! bir? ( ,jesus fir/ appe>$4 ,:5 he det]m9$ to de/roy ,jesus & massacr$ ! infants ( ,be?lehem & ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 he slew ^? f two ye>s old & "u1 accord+ to ! "t :i* he _h dilig5tly inquir$ ( ! wise m51 cle>ly indicat+ t ,jesus 0 ne>ly or q two ye>s old at ?is "t4 ,9 attempt+ to reconcile ,mat!w's visit ( ! wise m5 to ,jesus at ,be?lehem ) ! n>rative ( ,luke1 :i* makes 8 /ay !re less ?an six weeks1 x has be5 assum$ t ?is visit occurr$ imm$iately aft] 8 bir?1 :]eas1 accord+ to ,mat!w1 x did n occur until ab\t two ye>s aft] 8 bir?4 #c ,9 :at mon? & on :at day ( ! mon? 0 he born8 ,n "o ( 8 biograph]s is prep>$ to tell2 primitive ,*ri/ians did n "k2 ! *ur* has nev] be5 able to det]m9e ?is4 ,a hundr$ diff]5t op9ions reg>d+ x h be5 express$ by ,*ri/ian s*ol>s4 ,wag5seil places x 9 ,febru>y1 ,paulius 9 ,m>*1 ,greswell 9 ,april1 ,li*t5/e9 9 ,june1 ,/rong 9 ,augu/1 ,lightfoot 9 ,septemb]1 & ,newcome 9 ,octob]4 ,cl9ton says t he 0 born 9 ! ,spr+2 ,l>*ur says t he 0 born 9 ! ,fall4 ,"s e>ly ,*ri/ians believ$ t x occurr$ on ! #e? ( ,janu>y2 o!rs ! #ai? ( ,april2 o!rs /ill on ! #bj? ( ,may4 ,! ,ea/]n *ur* believ$ t he 0 born on ! #g? ( ,janu>y4 ,! *ur* ( ,rome1 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 select$ ! #be? ( ,decemb] on :i* to celebrate ! anniv]s>y ( 8 bir?2 & ?is date has be5 accept$ by ! great] portion ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 #d ,:at det]m9$ ! selection ( ?is date8 ,!re 0 a d\ble reason = select+ ?is day4 ,9 ! fir/ place x _h be5 obs]v$ f a ho>y antiquity z a hea!n fe/ival1 foll[+ ! longe/ night ( ! w9t] sol/ice1 & 0 call$ '! ,bir?day ( ! ,unconqu]able ,sun4' ,x 0 a f9e ?\ght to celebrate on t day ! bir? ( him :om ! ,gospel call$ ! light ( ! _w4444 ,! second reason 01 t at ,rome ! days f ! #ag? to ! #bc;d ( ,decemb] 7 devot$ to unbridl$ m]rymak+4 ,^! days 7 call$ ! ,saturnalia4444 ,n[ ! *ur* 0 always anxi\s to meet ! hea!n1 :om %e _h conv]t$ or 0 beg9n+ to conv]t1 half-way1 by all[+ !m to reta9 ! fea/s !y 7 accu/om$ to1 only giv+ !m a ,*ri/ian dress1 or atta*+ a new & ,*ri/ian signification to !m 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 iii1 pp4 #ff1 #fg74 ,gibbon says3 ,! ,roman ,*ri/ians1 ignorant ( ! real "t ( ! bir? ( ,jesus1 fix$ ! solemn fe/ival on ! #be? ( ,decemb]1 ! w9t] sol/ice :5 ! ,pagans annually celebrat$ ! bir? ( ! sun4 #e ,:at precludes ! acceptance ( ?is date8 ,luke3 ,at ! "t ( 8 bir? !re 7 9 ! same c\ntry %eph]ds abid+ 9 ! field1 keep+ wat* ov] _! flocks by night 7ii1 #h74 ,%eph]ds did n abide 9 ! field ) _! flocks at night 9 mid-w9t]4 ,! ,rev4 ,cunn+ham ,geikie1 ,d4 ,d41 a lead+ ,engli% or?odox au?ority on ,*ri/1 says3 ,"o kn[s h[ wret*$ ev5 ,rome is 9 w9t] & ,pale/9e is mu* worse dur+ h>d wea!r4 ,nor is x likely t %eph]ds w\ld lie out ?r\gh ! night1 except dur+ unseasonably f9e wea!r 7,*ri/mas at ,be?lehem1 9 ,deems' ,holydays & ,holidays1 p4 #dje74 ,! nativity ( ,jesus 9 ,decemb] %\ld be giv5 up4--,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke4 ,9 reg>d to ! date ( ,*ri/'s bir? ,dr4 ,f>r> says3 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t we _c demon/rate ! exact ye> ( ! nativity4444 ,z to ! day & mon? ( ! nativity x is c]ta9 t !y c nev] be recov]$2 !y 7 absolutely unkn[n to ! e>ly fa!rs1 & !re is sc>cely "o mon? ( ! ye> :i* has n be5 fix$ ^u z probable by mod]n critics4 ,! inability ( ,*ri/ians to det]m9e ! date ( ,*ri/'s bir? is "o ( ! /ronge/ pro(s ( 8 non-exi/5ce z a hi/orical "*4 ,7 ! /ory ( 8 miracul\s bir? & m>vel\s life true ! date ( 8 bir? w\ld h be5 pres]v$ & w\ld be today1 ! be/ au!nticat$ fact 9 hi/ory4 #f ,:]e 0 ,jesus born8 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,9 ,be?lehem ( ,judea 7,matt4 ii1 #a2 ,luke ii1 #a-g74 ,aside f ^! /ories 9 ,mat!w & ,luke conc]n+ ! nativity1 :i* are cle>ly ( lat] orig9 ?an ! rema9+ docum5ts compos+ ! books & :i* _m ,*ri/ian s*ol>s reject1 !re is n a ^w 9 ! ,f\r ,gospels to confirm ! claim t ,jesus 0 born 9 ,be?lehem4 ,e /atem5t 9 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 z well z ,acts1 conc]n+ 8 nativity1 is to ! effect t he 0 born 9 ,naz>e? ( ,galilee4 ,he is nev] call$ ,jesus ( ,be?lehem1 b always ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,accord+ to mod]n usage ,jesus ( ,naz>e? might m]ely signify t ,naz>e? 0 ! place ( 8 resid5ce & n necess>ily ! place ( 8 bir?4 ,b ?is usage 0 unkn[n to ! ,jews4 ,_h he be5 born at ,be?lehem1 he w\ld1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% cu/om1 h be5 call$ ,jesus ( ,be?lehem1 because ! place ( bir? always det]m9$ ?is di/+ui%+ adjunct1 & ! fact ( 8 hav+ remov$ to ano!r place w\ld n h *ang$ x4 ,pet] 7,acts ii1 #bb2 iii1 #f72 ,paul 7,acts xxvi1 #i71 ,philip 7,john i1 #de71 ,cleopas & 8 companion 7,luke xxiv1 #ai71 ,pilate 7,john xix1 #ai71 ,judas & ! b& s5t to arre/ ,jesus 7,john xviii1 #e1 #g71 ! ,high ,prie/'s maid 7,m>k xiv1 #fg71 bl9d ,b>timaeus 7,m>k x1 #dg71 ! unclean spirits 7,m>k i1 #bd2 ,luke iv1 #cd71 ! multitudes t att5d$ 8 meet+s 7,matt4 xxi1 #aa2 ,luke xviii1 #cg71 all decl>$ him to be a native ( ,naz>e?4 ,to ! =ego+ may be add$ ! te/imony ( ,jesus himself4 ,:5 ,paul ask$ him :o he 0 he answ]$3 ,i am ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 7,acts xxii1 #h74 ,_m ( ! ,jews reject$ ,*ri/ because he 0 born 9 ,galilee & n 9 ,be?lehem4 ,o!rs said1 ,?is is ! ,*ri/4 ,b "s said1 ,%all ,*ri/ come out ( ,galilee8 ,ha? n ! scriptures said1 ,t ,*ri/ come? out ( ! se$ ( ,david1 & out ( ! t[n ( ,be?lehem1 :]e ,david 08 7,john vii1 #da1 #db74 ,conc]n+ ?is subject ! ,bible = ,le>n]s says3 ,! primitive tradition decl>$ emphatically t ,naz>e? 0 ! place f :i* ,jesus came4 ,we may /ill see ?is di/9ctly en\gh 9 our ,gospels4 ,jesus is con/antly call$ ! ,naz>5e1 or ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,?is 0 c]ta9ly ! "n by :i* he 0 kn[n 9 8 own "t2 & ( c\rse su* local names 7 giv5 to m5 f ! place ( _! bir?1 & n f ! place 9 :i* !y liv$1 :i* might con/antly be *ang+4 ,naz>e? is call$ 9 s _m words 8 own1 t is 8 native city1 & he himself decl>es x s 7vol4 iii1 pp4 #ci1 #dj74 ,t ,jesus ! man1 if su* a be+ exi/$1 0 n born at ,be?lehem is affirm$ by all critics4 ,t he c\ld n h be5 born at ,naz>e? is urg$ by _m4 ,naz>e?1 x is ass]t$1 did n exi/ at ?is "t4 ,*ri/ian s*ol>s admit t !re is no pro( ( its exi/5ce at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era outside ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,encyclop$ia ,biblica1 a lead+ ,*ri/ian au?ority1 says3 ,we _c p]haps v5ture to ass]t positively t !re 0 a city call$ ,naz>e? 9 ,jesus' "t4 #g ,8 reput$ bir? at ,be?lehem 0 9 fulfillm5t ( :at prophecy8 ,& ?\ ,be?lehem1 9 ! l& ( ,juda1 art n ! lea/ among ! pr9ces ( ,juda2 = out ( !e %all come a gov]nor t %all rule my p ,israel 7,mat!w ii1 #f74 ,?is is a misquotation ( ,micah v1 #b4 ,! passage z x appe>s 9 our v]sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is itself a mi/ranslation4 ,correctly r5d]$ x does n mean t ?is rul] %all come f ,be?lehem1 b simply t he %all be a desc5dant ( ,david ^: family belong$ to ,be?lehem4 ,conc]n+ ?is prophecy x may be said1 #a4 ,t ,jesus nev] became gov]nor or rul] ( ,israel2 #b4 ,t ! rul] ref]r$ to 0 to be a milit>y lead] :o %\ld deliv] ,israel f ! ,assyrians4 ,& ?is man %all be ! peace1 :5 ! ,assyrian %all come into ! l& 444 ?us %all he deliv] u f ! ,assyrian 7,micah v1 #e1 #f74 #h ,jesus is call$ ! ,son ( ,david4 ,:y8 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,because ,joseph1 :o 0 n 8 fa!r1 b m]ely 8 gu>dian or fo/] fa!r1 0 desc5d$ f ,david4 ,! ,jews expect$ a ,messiah4 ,?is expectation 0 realiz$1 x is claim$1 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,8 ,messianic m>ks1 h[ev]1 7 n disc]nible & ! ,jews1 = ! mo/ "p1 reject$ him4 ,?is ,messiah mu/ be a son ( ,david4 ,be=e ,jesus' claims c\ld ev5 be consid]$ 8 ,davidic desc5t mu/ be e/abli%$4 ,?is ,mat!w & ,luke attempt to d4 ,ea* gives :at purports to be a g5ealogy ( him4 ,if ^! g5ealogies agree !y may be false2 if !y d n agree "o mu/ be false4 #i ,h[ _m g5]ations 7 !re f ,david to ,jesus8 ,mat!w3 ,tw5ty-eight 7i1 #f-af74 ,luke3 ,=ty-?ree 7iii1 #bc-ca74 ,luke makes two m g5]ations f ,david to ,jesus 9 a p]iod ( "o ?\s& ye>s ?an ,mat!w does f ,abraham to ,jesus 9 a p]iod ( two ?\s& ye>s4 #aj ,h[ _m g5]ations 7 !re f ,abraham to ,jesus8 ,mat!w3 ,f ,abraham to ,david are f\rte5 g5]ations2 & f ,david until ! c>ry+ away into ,babylon are f\rte5 g5]ations2 & f ! c>ry+ away into ,babylon unto ,*ri/ are f\rte5 g5]ations--9 all1 =ty-two g5]ations 7i1 #ag74 ,"h ,mat!w contradicts 8 own record giv5 9 ! prec$+ sixte5 v]ses2 =1 includ+ bo? ,abraham & ,jesus1 he names b =ty-"o g5]ations3 #a4 ,abraham1 #b4 ,isaac1 #c4 ,jacob1 #d4 ,judas1 #e4 ,ph>es1 #f4 ,ezrom1 #g4 ,aram1 #h4 ,am9adab1 #i4 ,naason1 #aj4 ,salmon1 #aa4 ,booz1 #ab4 ,ob$1 #ac4 ,jesse1 #ad4 ,david1 #ae4 ,solomon1 #af4 ,roboam1 #ag4 ,abia1 #ah4 ,asa1 #ai4 ,josaphat1 #bj4 ,joram1 #ba4 ,ozias1 #bb4 ,joa?am1 #bc4 ,a*az1 #bd4 ,ezekias1 #be4 ,manasses1 #bf4 ,amon1 #bg4 ,josias1 #bh4 ,je*onias1 #bi4 ,sala?iel1 #cj4 ,zorobabel1 #ca4 ,abiud1 #cb4 ,eliakim1 #cc4 ,azor1 #cd4 ,sadoc1 #ce4 ,a*im1 #cf4 ,eliud1 #cg4 ,eleaz]1 #ch4 ,mat?an1 #ci4 ,jacob1 #dj4 ,joseph1 #da4 ,jesus ,*ri/4 #aa ,does ,luke's g5ealogy agree ) ! ,old ,te/am5t8 ,x does n4 ,luke gives tw5ty g5]ations f ,adam to ,abraham1 :ile ,g5esis 7v1 #c-cb2 xi1 #aj-bf7 & ,*ronicles 7#a ,*4 i1 #a-d2 #bd-bg7 ea* gives b n9ete54 #ab ,h[ _m g5]ations 7 !re f ,abraham to ,david8 ,mat!w3 ,f ,abraham to ,david are f\rte5 g5]ations 7i1 #ag74 ,f ,abraham to ,david are n f\rte51 b ?irte5 g5]ations2 = ,david does n belong to ?is p]iod4 ,! g5ealogical table ( ,mat!w naturally & logically comprises ?ree divisions :i* he recognizes4 ,! fir/ division comprises ! g5]ations prec$+ ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,k+dom ( ,david1 beg9n+ ) ,abraham2 ! second comprises ! k+s ( ,judah1 beg9n+ ) ,david ! fir/ & end+ ) ,je*onias ! la/2 ! ?ird comprises ! g5]ations foll[+ ! k+s ( ,judah1 f ! ,captivity to ,*ri/4 #ac ,h[ _m g5]ations 7 !re f ,david to ! ,captivity8 ,mat!w3 ,f ,david until ! c>ry+ away into ,babylon are f\rte5 g5]ations 7i1 #ag74 ,9 ord] to obta9 a uni=mity ( numb]s--?ree p]iods ( d\ble sev5 7sev5 0 ! sacr$ numb] ( ! ,jews7 ea*--,mat!w purposely falsifies ! records ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,a ref]5ce to ! ,davidic g5ealogy 7#a ,*ronicles iii7 %[s t he omits ! g5]ations ( ,ahaziah1 ,joa%1 ,amaziah1 & ,jehoiakim1 f\r ,jewi% k+s1 l9eal desc5dants ( ,david1 ^: comb9$ reigns am\nt to ov] eighty ye>s4 ,mat!w4 ,*ronicles4 ,david1 ,david1 ,solomon1 ,solomon1 ,reboam1 ,rehoboam1 ,abia1 ,abia1 ,asa1 ,asa1 ,josaphat1 ,jeho%aphat1 ,joram1 ,joram1 ,ahaziah1 ,joa%1 ,amaziah1 ,ozias1 ,az>iah1 ,joa?am1 ,jo?am1 ,a*az1 ,ahaz1 ,ezekias1 ,hezekiah1 ,manasses1 ,manasseh1 ,amon1 ,amon1 ,josias1 ,josiah1 ,jehoiakim1 ,je*onias4 ,je*oniah4 ,! fir/ ?ree omissions are ?us expla9$ by ,augu/9e3 ,o*ozias ,ahaziah1 ,joa%1 & ,amazias 7 exclud$ f ! numb]1 because _! wick$ness 0 cont9u\s & )\t int]val4 ,z if ! exclusion ( _! names f a g5ealogical li/ w\ld expunge _! records f hi/ory & dra9 _! blood f ! ve9s ( _! desc5dants4 ,b aside f ! absurdity ( ?is explanation1 ! premises are false4 ,^? ^: names are exclud$ f ! li/ 7 n m5 ^: wick$ness 0 cont9u\s & )\t int]val1 :ile "s ^: names are n exclud$ 74 ,ahaziah reign$ b "o ye>4 ,joa% reign$ =ty ye>s & bo? ,k+s & ,*ronicles affirm t ,he did t :i* 0 "r 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l 7#b ,k+s xii1 #b2 #b ,*ron4 xxiv1 #b74 ,amaziah reign$ tw5ty-n9e ye>s1 & he1 too1 did t :i* 0 "r 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l 7#b ,k+s xiv1 #c74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,rehoboam1 ,joram & ,je*onias1 ^: names are reta9$ 9 ,mat!w's table1 are repres5t$ z mon/]s ( wick$ness4 #ad ,"n ! g5]ations f ,david to ! ,captivity4 ,mat!w4 ,luke4 ,david1 ,david1 ,solomon1 ,na?an1 ,roboam1 ,matta?a1 ,abia1 ,m5an1 ,asa1 ,melea1 ,josaphat1 ,eliakim1 ,joram1 ,jonan1 ,ozias1 ,joseph1 ,joa?am1 ,juda1 ,a*as1 ,simeon1 ,ezekias1 ,levi1 ,manasses1 ,mat?at1 ,amon1 ,jorim1 ,josias1 ,eliez]1 ,je*onias4 ,jose1 ,er1 ,elmodam1 ,cosam1 ,addi1 ,mel*i1 ,n]i4 #ae ,h[ _m g5]ations 7 !re f ! ,captivity to ,*ri/8 ,mat!w3 ,f ! c>ry+ away into ,babylon unto ,*ri/ are f\rte5 g5]ations 7i1 #ag74 ,mat!w is aga9 guilty ( deception4 ,a ref]5ce to 8 table %[s t !re 7 b ?irte5 g5]ations4 ,9 ord] to c>ry out 8 num]ical sy/em ( f\rte5 g5]ations to ea* p]iod he c\nts ! g5]ation ( ,je*onias 9 ?is p]iod :i* he has already c\nt$ 9 ! prec$+ p]iod2 ?us p]=m+ ! ma!matical feat ( divid+ #bg by #b & obta9+ #ad = a quoti5t4 ,_h ,mat!w giv5 a true summ>y ( ?is g5ealogy1 assum+ ! g5]ations f ! close ( ! ,old ,te/am5t record to ,*ri/ to be correct1 in/ead ( ^! p]iods ( d\ble sev5 ea*1 we w\ld h ! foll[+3 ,s all ! g5]ations f ,abraham to ,david are ?irte5 g5]ations2 & f ,david until ! c>ry+ away into ,babylon are n9ete5 g5]ations2 & f ! c>ry+ away into ,babylon unto ,*ri/ are ?irte5 g5]ations4 #af ,"n ! g5]ations f ! ,captivity to ,*ri/4 ,mat!w4 ,luke4 ,*ronicles4 ,sala?iel1 ,sala?iel1 ,p$iah1 ,zorobabel1 ,zorobabel1 ,z]ubabel1 ,abiud1 ,rhesa1 ,hananiah1 ,eliakim1 ,joanna1 ,s*ecania1 ,azor1 ,juda1 ,%emaiah1 ,sadoc1 ,joseph1 ,ne>iah1 ,a*im1 ,semei1 ,elio5ai1 ,eliud1 ,matta?ias1 ,hodaiah1 ,eleaz]1 ,maa?1 7,"h ! g5ealogy ( ,*ronicles ends47 ,mat?an1 ,nagge1 ,jacob1 ,esli1 ,joseph1 ,naum1 ,jesus4 ,amos1 ,matta?ias1 ,joseph1 ,janna1 ,mel*i1 ,levi1 ,heli1 ,mat?at1 ,joseph1 ,jesus4 #ag ,accord+ to ! accept$ *ronology1 :at 0 ! av]age age ( ea* g5]ation f ,david to ,jesus8 ,luke3 ,tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,mat!w3 ,=ty ye>s4 #ah ,:at 0 ! av]age age f ,david to ! ,captivity8 ,mat!w3 ,?irty-sev5 ye>s4 ,accord+ to ,*ronicles ! av]age age ( ! same l9e = ! same p]iod 0 b tw5ty-six ye>s4 #ai ,:at 0 ! av]age age f ! ,captivity to ,jesus8 ,luke3 ,tw5ty-eight ye>s4 ,mat!w3 ,fifty ye>s4 ,:ile ! av]age age f ,david to ! ,captivity by way ( ,solomon 0 b tw5ty-six ye>s ! av]age age f ! ,captivity to ,jesus by ! same l9e1 accord+ to ,mat!w1 0 fifty ye>s4 ,?is proves ! falsity ( ,mat!w's g5ealogy f ! ,captivity to ,jesus4 #bj ,:at 0 ! av]age l5g? ( ea* g5]ation f ,abraham to ,david8 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,sev5ty ye>s4 ,sev5ty ye>s is said to con/itute ! natural life ( man4 ,accord+ to ^! ,evangeli/s ,*ri/'s ,pre-,davidic ance/ors only rea*$ maturity at sev5ty4 ,h[ sl[ 0 man's developm5t !n--a babe 9 8 "m's arms at tw5ty2 a playful *ild at =ty2 at sixty an ard5t y\? woo+ a blu%+ maid5 ( half a hundr$ ye>s2 at ?ree score ye>s & t5 a fond "y fa!r rejoic+ at ! bir? ( 8 fir/-born6 #ba ,:at 0 ! av]age l5g? ( ea* g5]ation f ,adam to ,abraham8 ,luke3 ,"o hundr$ ye>s4 #bb ,h[ _m g5]ations 7 !re f ,adam to ,abraham8 ,luke3 ,tw5ty 7iii1 #cd-ch74 ,luke makes less ?an half z _m g5]ations f ,adam to ,abraham 9 a p]iod ( two ?\s& ye>s z he does f ,david to ,jesus 9 a p]iod ( "o ?\s& ye>s4 #bc ,h[ _m g5]ations 7 !re betwe5 ,ra*ab1 ! "m ( ,booz1 & ,david8 ,mat!w3 ,?ree--,booz1 ,ob$ & ,jesse 7i1 #e1 #f74 ,ra*ab liv$ at ,j]i*o :5 x 0 tak5 by ! ,israelites4 ,j]i*o 0 tak5 #adea ,b4 ,c41 ! ye> t ,moses di$4 ,david 0 born #ajhe ,b4 ,c4--ne>ly f\r c5turies lat]4 #bd ,assum+ ! g5]ations foll[+ ! ,captivity 9 ,mat!w & ,*ronicles to run p>allel1 h[ _m g5]ations 7 !re betwe5 ! la/ g5]ation nam$ 9 ,*ronicles & ,jesus8 ,mat!w3 ,f\r4 ,yet ,*ronicles 0 writt51 x is claim$1 f #deh to #fjd ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,if ! ,*ronicles 7 writt5 by ,ezra1 ! date ( _! composition 0 n f> f ,b4 ,c4 #deh1 ! ye> ( ! return f ! ,captivity4 ,if by ,daniel1 ! e>li] p]iod ( f #fjd to #ecd mu/ be adopt$4--,rev4 ,dr4 ,hit*cock4 #be ,"n ! fir/ t5 ance/ors ( ,jesus4 ,luke3 ,adam1 ,se?1 ,enos1 ,ca9an1 ,maleleel1 ,j>$1 ,eno*1 ,ma?usala1 ,lame*1 ,noe 7iii1 #cf-ch74 ,ar*eological rese>*es h %[n ^! to be t5 ,babylonian k+s4 #bf ,:o 0 ,sala8 ,luke3 ,sala1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,ca9an1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,arphaxad 7iii1 #ce1 #cf74 ,& ,arphaxad liv$ five & ?irty ye>s & begat ,salah 7,g5esis xi1 #ab74 ,accord+ to ,luke ,sala 0 ! gr&-son ( ,arphaxad2 accord+ to ,g5esis he 0 ! son ( ,arphaxad4 #bg ,:o begat ,ozias8 ,mat!w3 ,joram begat ,ozias 7i1 #h74 ,ahaziah 8 ,joram's son1 ,joa% 8 son1 ,amaziah 8 son1 ,az>iah ,ozias 8 son 7#a ,*ronicles iii1 #aa1 #ab74 ,accord+ to ! ,new ,te/am5t ,ozias 0 ! son ( ,joram2 accord+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t he 0 ! great great-gr&son ( ,joram4 #bh ,:o 0 ,josiah's successor8 ,mat!w3 ,je*onias 7i1 #aa74 ,!n ! p ( ! l& took ,jehoahaz1 ! son ( ,josiah1 & made him k+ 9 8 fa!r's /ead 7#b ,*ronicles xxxvi1 #a74 ,= ?us sai? ! ,"l t\*+ ,%allum1 ! son ( ,josiah1 k+ ( ,judah1 :i* reign$ in/ead ( ,josiah1 8 fa!r 7,j]emiah xxii1 #aa74 ,& ,ph>aoh-ne*oh made ,eliakim ! son ( ,josiah k+ 9 ! room ( ,josiah1 8 fa!r1 & turn$ 8 "n to ,jehoiakim 7#b ,k+s xxiii1 #cd74 ,accord+ to ,mat!w1 ,josiah's successor 0 ,je*onias2 accord+ to ,*ronicles1 ,jehoahaz2 accord+ to ,j]emiah1 ,%allum2 accord+ to ,k+s1 ,jehoiakim4 #bi ,:o 0 ! fa!r ( ,je*onias8 ,mat!w3 ,josias begat ,je*onias 7i1 #aa74 ,josias 0 n ! fa!r b ! gr&fa!r ( ,je*onias4 ,& ! sons ( ,josiah 71 444 ! second ,jehoiakim4444 ,& ! sons ( ,jehoiakim3 ,je*oniah1 8 son 7#a ,*ron4 iii1 #ae1 #af74 #cj ,:5 did ,josias beget ,je*onias8 ,mat!w3 ,& ,josias begat ,je*onias & 8 bre?r51 ab\t ! "t !y 7 c>ri$ away into ,babylon 7i1 #aa74 ,josiah became k+ #fda ,b4 ,c4 & di$ #faj ,b4 ,c4 ,je*onias 0 c>ri$ to ,babylon #ehh ,b4 ,c41 #bb ye>s aft] ,josiah di$4 #ca ,did ,je*onias h a son8 ,mat!w3 ,& aft] !y 7 br\ght to ,babylon1 ,je*onias begat ,sala?iel 7i1 #ab74 ,z ,i live1 sai? ! ,"l1 ?\gh ,coniah ,je*onias1 ! son ( ,jehoiakim1 k+ ( ,judah1 7 ! signet ^u my "r h&1 yet w\ld ,i pluck !e !nce4444 ,o e>?1 e>?1 e>?1 he> ! ^w ( ! ,"l4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,write ye ?is man *ildless1 a man t %all n prosp] 9 8 days3 = no man ( 8 se$ %all prosp]1 sitt+ ^u ! ?rone ( ,david1 & rul+ no m 9 ,judah 7,j]emiah xxii1 #bd-cj74 ,?is curse 0 pron\nc$ ^u ,je*onias be=e he 0 tak5 to ,babylon4 ,by ?is div9e oa? ,jesus is preclud$ f becom+ an heir to ! ?rone ( ,david4 ,god swe>s t ,je*onias %all be *ildless1 & t no desc5dant ( 8 %all ev] sit ^u ! ?rone4 ,yet ,mat!w1 9 ! face ( ?is oa?1 decl>es t ,je*onias did n rema9 *ildless1 t he begat a son1 ,sala?iel1 ! prog5itor ( ,jesus4 ,9 attempt+ to make ,jesus an heir to ,david's ?rone ,mat!w makes ,god a li> & p]jur]4 #cb ,mat!w says t ,sala?iel 0 ! son ( ,je*onias4 ,:o does ,luke decl>e him to be8 ,! son ( ,n]i 7iii1 #bg74 #cc ,:o 0 ! fa!r ( ,zorobabel8 ,mat!w3 ,& ,sala?iel begat ,zorobabel 7i1 #ab74 ,luke3 ,zorobabel1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,sala?iel 7iii1 #bg74 ,"h bo? ,evangeli/s agree--agree to disagree ) ,*ronicles :i* says t ,zorobabel 0 ! son ( ,p$aiah1 ! bro!r ( ,sala?iel4 ,& ! sons ( ,p$aiah 7 ,z]ubbabel & ,%imei 7#a ,*ron4 iii1 #ai74 #cd ,:o 0 ! son ( ,zorobabel8 ,mat!w3 ,& ,zorobabel begat ,abiud 7i1 #ac74 ,luke3 ,rhesa1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,zorobabel 7iii1 #bg74 ,ea* contradicts ! o!r1 & bo? contradict ! ,old ,te/am5t 7#a ,*ron4 iii1 #ai1 #bj74 #ce ,:o 0 ! fa!r ( ,joseph8 ,mat!w3 ,& ,jacob begat ,joseph 7i1 #af74 ,luke3 ,joseph1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,heli 7iii1 #bc74 #cf ,if ,jesus 0 desc5d$ f ,david1 ! desc5t 0 ?r\gh "o ( ,david's sons4 ,:i* "o8 ,mat!w3 ,solomon 7i1 #f-af74 ,luke3 ,na?an 7iii1 #bc-ca74 ,luke rea*es ! same p]son by way ( "o bro!r t ,mat!w does by way ( ! o!r4 #cg ,_m comm5tators attempt to reconcile ^! discordant g5ealogies by assum+ t ,mat!w gives ! g5ealogy ( ,joseph1 :ile ,luke gives ! g5ealogy ( ,m>y4 ,:at d ! ,evangeli/s !mselves decl>e8 ,mat!w3 ,& ,jacob begat ,joseph ! husb& ( ,m>y1 ( :om 0 born ,jesus1 :o is call$ ,*ri/1 etc4 7i1 #af74 ,luke3 ,& ,jesus himself began to be ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age1 be+ 7z 0 suppos$7 ! son ( ,joseph1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,heli1 etc4 7iii1 #bc74 ,dr4 ,geikie1 9 8 ,life ( ,*ri/ 7vol4 i1 p4 #eca1 note71 says3 ,! g5ealogies giv5 by bo? ,mat!w & ,luke seem unque/ionably to ref] to ,joseph4 ,reg>d+ ?is ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,mc,naught says3 ,let ! read] be> 9 m9d h[ ,mat!w /ates t ',jacob begat ,joseph1 ! husb& ( ,m>y1' & h[ ,luke's words are ',joseph :i* 0 ! son ( ,heli1' & !n let him say :e!r x is tru?ful to allege t ^! diff]5t g5ealogies belong to diff]5t individuals4 ,is x n pla9 t ea* ( !m pr(esses to trace ! l9eal desc5t ( "o & ! same man1 ,joseph8 ,william ,ra?bone ,greg says3 ,! circum/ance t any man c\ld suppose t ,mat!w :5 he said1 ',jacob begat ,joseph1' or ,luke1 :5 he said1 ',joseph 0 ! son ( ,heli1' c\ld ref] to ! wife ( ! "o1 or ! daught]-9-law ( ! o!r1 %[s to :at desp]ate /ratagems polemical or?odoxy w resort 9 ord] to def5d an unt5able position4 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y (f]s ! foll[+ explanation3 ,!y are bo? ! g5ealogies ( ,joseph1 i4 e41 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 z ! reput$ & legal son ( ,joseph & ,m>y4 ,! g5ealogy ( ,/4 ,mat!w is ,joseph's g5ealogy z legal successor to ! ?rone ( ,david4 ,/4 ,luke's is ,joseph's private g5ealogy1 exhibit+ 8 real bir?1 z ,david's son1 & ?us %[+ :y he 0 heir to ,solomon's cr[n4 ,! simple pr9ciple t "o ,evangeli/ exhibits t g5ealogy :i* conta9$ ! successive heirs to ,david's & ,solomon's ?rone1 :ile ! o!r exhibits ! pat]nal /em ( him :o 0 ! heir1 expla9s all ! anomalies ( ! two p$igrees4 ,?is simple pr9ciple necessitates ?ree disagreeable po/ulates4 #a4 ,t ! l9eage ( ,na?an1 :o is n ! record$ possessor ( ev5 "o wife1 surviv$1 :ile t ( ,solomon :o _h sev5 hundr$ wives became ext9ct4 #b4 ,t ,joseph 0 legal successor to ! ?rone ( ,david1 :5 ,heli1 8 fa!r1 0 n4 #c4 ,t ! fir/ *apt] ( ,mat!w conta9s m ?an a score ( errors4 ,t little ^w begat is fatal to ! above !ory4 ,mat!w decl>es t ,jacob begat ,joseph4 ,if ,jacob begat ,joseph1 !n ,jacob1 & n ,heli1 0 ! fa!r ( ,joseph4 ,accord+ to ,mat!w1 ! royal l9e desc5ds f ,david to ,joseph unbrok52 ea* heir begett+ ! succe$+ "o1 ?us preclud+ ! possibility ( a collat]al bran* inh]it+ ! ?rone4 ,! hypo!sis t ,jesus 0 m]ely ! adopt$ son & legal heir ( ,joseph & yet fulfill$ ! ,messianic requirem5ts is unt5able4 ,/rauss says3 ,adoption might inde$ suffice to secure to ! adopt$ son ! rev]sion ( c]ta9 ext]nal family rights & inh]itances2 b su* a relation%ip c\ld 9 no wise l5d a claim to ! ,messianic dignity1 :i* 0 atta*$ to ! true blood & l9eage ( ,david 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #abb74 ,! ,messiah mu/ be a natural & l9eal desc5dant ( ,david1 :i* ,pet] expressly decl>es ,jesus to be3 ,god _h sworn ) an oa? to him ,david1 t ( ! fruit ( 8 lo9s1 accord+ to ! fle%1 he w\ld raise up ,*ri/ to sit on 8 ?rone 7,acts ii1 #cj74 ,x is assum$ by "s t a ,levirate m>riage _h tak5 place betwe5 ! p>5ts ( ,joseph1 & t ! "o g5ealogy belong$ to ! natural1 ! o!rs to ! legal fa!r ( ,joseph4 ,by a ,levirate m>riage if a man di$ )\t heirs 8 rema9+ bro!r m>ri$ 8 wid[ & rais$ up heirs to him4 ,b 9 ?is case ! bro!rs w\ld h ! same fa!r1 & ! g5ealogies w\ld diff] only 9 ! fa!r ( ,joseph4 ,x is only by a succession ( ,levirate m>riages & a juggl+ ( words1 :i* no intellig5t critic c s]i\sly ent]ta91 t su* a hypo!sis c be consid]$ possible1 ev5 waiv+ ! ,old ,te/am5t writ]s1 & ! ,evangeli/s !mselves1 ^: language =bids x4 ,eusebius advances an explanation *>act]i/ic ( ?is ecclesia/ical hi/orian & ( ! e>ly *ur* ^: hi/ory he pr(esses to record4 ,! ,jews1 x is said1 7 divid$ 9 _! op9ions reg>d+ ! desc5t ( ! ,messiah4 ,:ile "s cont5d$ t 8 desc5t mu/ be ?r\gh ! royal l9e1 o!rs believ$ t because ( ! excessive wick$ness ( ! k+s ! desc5t w\ld be ?r\gh ano!r l9e4 ,eusebius says3 ,mat!w gives 8 op9ion1 ,luke repeats ! common op9ion ( _m1 n 8 own4444 ,?is la/ view ,luke takes1 ?\gh consci\s t ,mat!w gives ! real tru? ( ! g5ealogy4 ,mat!w's g5ealogy is self-evid5tly false2 :ile ,luke's accord+ to ! admission ( ! hi/orian ( ! primitive *ur*1 is m]ely a fabrication ( e>ly ,*ri/ians1 design$ to influ5ce ^? :o reject$ ,mat!w's g5ealogy ( ! ,messiah4 #ch ,if ! miracul\s conception be true ! ,davidic desc5t c\ld only be ?r\gh ,m>y4 ,0 ,m>y desc5d$ f ,david8 ,we are :olly ignorant ( ! "n & occupation ( ,/4 ,m>y's p>5ts4 ,%e 01 l ,joseph1 ( ! tribe ( ,judah1 & ( ! l9eage ( ,david 7,ps4 cxxxii1 #aa2 ,luke i1 #cb2 ,rom4 i1 #c74--,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y4 ,?ree passages are cit$ 9 support ( ?is claim3 #a4 ,! ,"l ha? sworn 9 tru? unto ,david2 he w n turn f x4 ,( ! fruit ( ?y body w ,i sit ^u ?y ?rone4 ,if ?y *ildr5 w keep my cov5ant & my te/imony t ,i %all tea* !m1 _! *ildr5 %all also sit ^u ?y ?rone =ev]more 7,ps4 cxxxii1 #aa1 #ab74 #b4 ,he %all be great1 & %all be call$ ! son ( ! ,highe/2 & ! ,"l ,god %all give unto him ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r ,david 7,luke i1 #cb74 #c4 ,conc]n+ 8 son ,jesus ,*ri/ our ,"l1 :i* 0 made ( ! se$ ( ,david accord+ to ! fle% 7,rom4 i1 #c74 ,! second & ?ird passages d n ref] to ,m>y2 ! fir/ passage ref]s nei!r to ,jesus nor ,m>y4 ,!re is no evid5ce to prove t ,m>y 0 desc5d$ f ,david4 ,on ! contr>y !re is evid5ce to prove t %e 0 n desc5d$ f him4 #a4 ,! angel ,gabriel 0 s5t f ,god unto a city 9 ,galilee1 call$ ,naz>e?1 to a virg9 esp\s$ to a man ^: "n 0 ,joseph1 ( ! h\se ( ,david2 & ! virg9's "n 0 ,m>y 7,luke i1 #bg74 ,joseph1 & n ,m>y is decl>$ to be ( ! h\se ( ,david4 #b4 ,x is /at$ t ,joseph w5t to ,be?lehem to be tax$ ) ,m>y1 n because !y1 b because he 0 ( ! h\se & l9eage ( ,david 7,luke ii1 #d1 #e74 #c4 ,m>y 0 ! c\s9 ( ,elizabe? 7,luke i1 #c71 & ,elizabe? 0 ( ! daught]s ( ,a>on 7i1 #e71 i4 e41 desc5d$ f ,levi1 :ile ! h\se ( ,david 0 desc5d$ f ,judah4 ,?is desp]ate1 yet ineffectual1 ef=t to e/abli% ! ,davidic desc5t ( ,m>y is virtually an ab&onm5t ( ! g5ealogical tables ( ,mat!w & ,luke1 & a fall+ back ^u ?is pitiable argum5tum 9 circulo3 ,m>y 0 desc5d$ f ,david because ! ,messiah 0 to be desc5d$ f ,david1 & ,jesus 0 ! ,messiah because ,m>y 0 desc5d$ f ,david4 ,^! g5ealogies d n give ! l9eage ( ,m>y :o is said to h be5 8 only e>?ly p>5t1 b ! l9eage ( ,joseph :o1 x is claim$1 0 n 8 fa!r4 ,b if ,joseph 0 n ! fa!r ( ,jesus1 :at is ! use ( giv+ 8 p$igree8 ,if ,joseph 0 n ! fa!r ( ,jesus h[ does prov+ t he 0 desc5d$ f ,david prove t ,jesus 0 desc5d$ f ,david8 ,if ^! g5ealogies run ?r\gh ,joseph to ,jesus1 z /at$ by ,mat!w & ,luke1 !n ,joseph mu/ h be5 ! fa!r ( ,jesus2 & if he 0 ! fa!r ( ,jesus ! /ory ( ! miracul\s conception is false4 ,! ,synoptics1 z we h se51 are = ! mo/ "p1 m]e compilations1 made up ( preexi/+ docum5ts4 ,^! docum5ts belong$ to diff]5t ages ( ! primitive *ur*4 ,9 ! fir/ ages ( ! *ur* ,*ri/ians believ$ t ,jesus 0 simply a man--! son ( ,joseph & ,m>y4 ,! g5ealogies ( ,mat!w & ,luke1 :i* trace 8 desc5t f ,david ?r\gh ,joseph1 belong$ to ?is age4 ,! /ory ( ! miracul\s conception 0 ! product ( a lat] age4 ,if ! dogma ( ! miracul\s conception be true1 if ,god1 & n ,joseph1 0 ! fa!r ( ,jesus z taught1 ^! g5ealogies1 be+ g5ealogies ( ,joseph1 fail to prove :at !y are int5d$ to prove1 ! royal desc5t ( ,jesus f ,david4 ,! g5ealogies ( ,mat!w & ,luke & _! acc\nts ( ! miracul\s conception mutually exclude ea* o!r4 #ci ,did ,jesus believe himself to be desc5d$ f ,david8 ,synoptics3 ,he did n 7,matt4 xxii1 #da-df2 ,m>k xii1 #ce-cg2 ,luke xx1 #da-dd74 ,a pr9cipal objection to accept+ ,jesus z ! ,messiah by ! ,jews 0 ! fact t he 0 n desc5d$ f ,david4 ,he tacitly admitt$ t he 0 n1 & ! :ole burd5 ( 8 argum5t 0 to conv9ce !m t x 0 n necess>y t he %\ld be4 #dj ,! miracul\s conception 0 9 fulfillm5t ( :at prophecy8 ,mat!w3 ,n[ all ?is 0 done1 t x might be fulfill$ :i* 0 spok5 ( ! ,"l by ! prophet1 say+1 ,behold1 a virg9 %all be ) *ild1 & %all br+ =? a son1 & !y %all call 8 "n ,emmanuel 7i1 #bb1 #bc74 ,?is is e/eem$ ! ,gem ( ! ,prophecies1 & may be f\nd 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ,isaiah4 ,! facts are ^!3 ,rez91 k+ ( ,syria1 & ,pekah1 k+ ( ,israel1 _h decl>$ w> aga9/ ,ahaz1 k+ ( ,judah4 ,god assur$ ,ahaz t !y %\ld n succe$1 b t _! own k+doms %\ld be de/roy$ by ! ,assyrians4 ,to conv9ce him ( ! tru? ( ?is he reque/$ ,ahaz to dem& a sign4 ,b ,ahaz said1 ,i w n ask1 nei!r w ,i tempt ! ,"l4444 ,!re=e ! ,"l himself %all give y a sign2 ,behold1 a virg9 %all conceive1 & be> a son1 & %all call 8 "n ,emmanuel4444 ,be=e ! *ild %all "k to refuse ! evil1 & *oose ! good1 ! l& t ?\ abhorre/ %all be =sak5 ( bo? h] k+s4 ,9 ! succe$+ *apt] ! fulfillm5t ( ?is prophecy is record$3 ,& ,i w5t unto ! prophetess2 & %e conceiv$1 & b>e a son4 ,!n said ! ,"l to me1 ,call 8 "n ,mah]-%alal-ha%-baz4 ,= be=e ! *ild %all h k to cry1 ,my fa!r1 & my "m1 ! ri*es ( ,damascus ! capital ( ,rez9's k+dom & ! spoils ( ,sam>ia ! capital ( ,pekah's k+dom %all be tak5 away be=e ! k+ ( ,assyria4 ,rez9 & ,pekah 7 ov]?r[n by ! ,assyrians ab\t #gbj ,b4 ,c4 ,"o ( ! mo/ conv9c+ pro(s ( ,*ri/'s div9ity1 ) _m1 is ! suppos$ fact t he 0 born ( a virg9 & t 8 miracul\s bir? 0 =etold by a prophet sev5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ev5t occurr$4 ,n[1 !re is n a passage 9 ! ,jewi% ,scriptures decl>+ t a *ild %\ld be born ( a virg94 ,! ^w translat$ virg9 does n mean a virg9 9 ! accept$ s5se ( ! t]m1 b simply a "y woman1 ei!r m>ri$ or s+le4 ,! :ole passage is a mi/ranslation4 ,! words r5d]$ a virg9 %all conceive & be> a son %\ld read1 a "y woman is ) *ild & be>e? a son4 ,9 ?is s-call$ prophecy !re is n ! remote/ ref]5ce to a miracul\s conception & a virg9-born *ild4 ,! ,jews !mselves did n reg>d ?is passage z a ,messianic prophecy2 nei!r did !y believe t ! ,messiah 0 to be born ( a virg94 ,next to ! prec$+ ! foll[+ is mo/ frequ5tly cit$ z a ,messianic prophecy3 ,! sceptre %all n dep>t f ,judah1 444 until ,%iloh come 7,g5esis xlix1 #aj74 ,if ,%iloh ref]s to ,*ri/ ! prophecy 0 n fulfill$1 = ! sceptre did dep>t f ,judah #fjj ye>s be=e ,*ri/ came4 ,b ,%iloh does n ref] to a ,messiah1 nor to any man4 ,%iloh 0 ! seat ( ! national sanctu>y be=e x 0 remov$ to ,j]usalem4 ,?is s-call$ prophecy1 l ! prec$+1 is a mi/ranslation4 ,! correct read+ is z foll[s3 ,! preem95ce %all n dep>t f ,judah s long z ! p resort to ,%iloh4 ,= unto u a *ild is born1 unto u a son is giv52 & ! gov]nm5t %all be ^u 8 %\ld]2 & 8 "n %all be decl>$ ,wond]ful1 ,c\nsellor1 ,! ,mighty ,god1 ! ev]la/+ ,fa!r1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace 7,isaiah ix1 #f74 ,pr(4 ,*eyne1 ! highe/ au?ority on ,isaiah1 pron\nces ?is a =g]y4 ,e hone/ ,*ri/ian s*ol> mu/ admit ?is4 ,x is a self-evid5t =g]y4 ,no ,jewi% writ] c\ld h writt5 x4 ,to h decl>$ ev5 ! ,messiah to be ,! mighty ,god1 ! ev]la/+ ,fa!r w\ld h be5 ! ranke/ blasphemy1 a crime ! puni%m5t ( :i* 0 dea?4 ,^! alleg$ ,messianic prophecies are1 9 _! pres5t =m1 ,*ri/ian r ?an ,jewi%4 ,*ri/ian translators & exegeti/s h alt]$ _! language & p]v]t$ _! mean+ to make !m appe> to ref] to ,*ri/4 ,! foll[+ is an example3 ,i w raise unto ,david a righte\s ,bran*1 & a ,k+ %all reign & prosp]1 & %all execute judgm5t & ju/ice 9 ! e>?4 ,9 8 days ,judah %all be sav$1 & ,israel %all dwell safely2 & ?is is 8 "n :]eby he %all be call$1 ,,! ,,"l ,,our ,,righte\sness 7,j]emiah xxiii1 #e1 #f74 ,! correct r5d]+ ( ?is passage is z foll[s3 ,i w raise unto ,david a righte\s bran*1 & a k+ %all reign & prosp]1 & %all execute judgm5t & ju/ice 9 ! l&4 ,9 8 days ,judah %all be sav$ & ,israel %all dwell safely2 & ?is is ! "n :]eby !y %all call !mselves3 ,! ,et]nal is our righte\sness4 ,to make a ,messianic prophecy ( ?is passage & give x effect no less ?an eight pieces ( deception 7 employ$ by ! editors ( our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion3 #a4 ,! ^w bran* is made to beg9 ) a capital lett]4 #b4 ,! ^w k+ also beg9s ) a capital4 #c4 ,! "n is r5d]$ 8 "n4 #d4 ,! pron\n !y1 relat+ to ! p ( ,judah & ,israel1 is *ang$ to he4 #e4 ,! ^w ,et]nal is translat$ ,"l4 #f4 ,! ,"l our righte\sness is pr9t$ 9 capitals4 #g4 ,9 ! table ( cont5ts1 at ! head ( ! *apt]1 are ! words ,*ri/ %all rule & save !m4 #h4 ,at ! top ( ! page are ! words ,*ri/ promis$4 ,ano!r example ( ?is ,messianic prophecy mak+ is ! foll[+3 ,"k !re=e & und]/& t f ! go+ =? ( ! comm&m5t to re/ore & to build ,j]usalem1 unto ,messiah ! ,pr9ce1 %all be sev5 weeks1 & ?ree score & two weeks 7,daniel ix1 #be74 ,! t]m week1 x is claim$1 means a p]iod ( sev5 ye>s1 & assum$ t by ,messiah is meant ,*ri/4 ,sev5 weeks & ?ree score & two weeks are sixty-n9e weeks1 or #dhc ye>s1 ! "t t 0 to elapse f ! comm& to rebuild ,j]usalem to ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 if ! prophecy 0 fulfill$4 ,! decree ( ,cyrus to rebuild ,j]usalem & ! temple 0 made #ecf ,b4 ,c4 ,accord+ to ! accept$ *ronology ,*ri/ 0 born #d ,b4 ,c4 ,f ! decree ( ,cyrus1 !n1 to ! com+ ( ,*ri/ 0 #ecb ye>s in/ead ( #dhc ye>s1 a p]iod ( sev5 weeks1 or =ty-n9e ye>s1 long] ?an t nam$ by ,daniel4 ,ezra1 ! prie/1 w5t to ,j]usalem #deg ,b4 ,c4 ,?is ev5t1 h[ev]1 _h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! decree = rebuild+ ,j]usalem & ! temple4 ,x occurr$ #gi ye>s aft] ! decree 0 issu$1 & #eh ye>s aft] ! temple 0 f9i%$4 ,b a se>*] = ,messianic prophecies f\nd t f ! "t ( ,ezra to ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/'s m9i/ry 0 ab\t #dhc ye>s1 or sixty-n9e prophetic weeks2 & not)/&+ !re 0 a defici5cy ( #gi ye>s at "o end ( ! p]iod1 & an excess ( #cj ye>s at ! o!r1 x 0 decl>$ to fit exactly4 ,*ri/ian !ologians pret5d to recognize 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t two k9ds ( ,messianic prophecies3 #a4 ,specific pr$ictions conc]n+ ,*ri/ :i* 7 lit]ally fulfill$2 #b4 ,passages 9 :i* ! writ] ref]s to o!r p]sons or ev5ts1 b :i* ,god1 )\t ! writ]'s k1 design$ z types ( ,*ri/4 ,! fallaci\sness ( ! =m] hav+ be5 expos$--x hav+ be5 %[n t !re is n a text 9 ! ,jewi% ,scriptures pr$ict+ ! com+ ( ,*ri/--!y n[ rely *iefly ^u ! latt] to support _! claims4 ,^! prophecies are almo/ limitless2 = a firm believ] 9 prophecy c1 ) a vivid imag9ation1 take almo/ any passage & po9t out a fanci$ resemblance betwe5 ! ?+ x ref]s to & ! ?+ he wants confirm$2 app>5tly oblivi\s to ! fact t ! passage is equally applicable to a ?\s& o!r ?+s4 ,_h ! ,mormons accept$ ,joe ,smi? z a ,messiah in/ead ( a prophet !y w\ld h no lack ( prophecies to support _! claims2 & by translat+ & revis+ ! ,scriptures to suit _! views1 z ,*ri/ians did1 ^! prophecies w\ld fit him z well z !y d ! ,*ri/4 #da ,:at "n 0 to be giv5 ! *ild m5tion$ 9 ,isaiah's prophecy8 ,!y %all call 8 "n ,emmanuel 7,mat!w i1 #bc74 ,:at "n 0 to be giv5 ,m>y's son8 ,?\ %alt call 8 "n ,jesus 7,matt4 i1 #ba74 ,9 ! nam+ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,messiah ,isaiah's prophecy 0 n fulfill$4 ,he 0 nev] call$ ,emmanuel1 b ,jesus4 #db ,to :om did ! angel ann\nc+ ! miracul\s conception appe>8 ,mat!w3 ,to ,joseph 7i1 #bj1 #ba74 ,luke3 ,to ,m>y 7i1 #bf-ch74 ,an angel did n appe>1 fir/ to ,m>y1 & also aft]w>ds to ,joseph2 he c only h appe>$ ei!r to ! "o or to ! o!r4 ,consequ5tly1 x is only ! "o or ! o!r relation :i* c be reg>d$ z hi/orical4 ,& "h diff]5t consid]ations w\ld conduct to opposite decisions4444 ,e criticism :i* might det]m9e ! adoption ( ! "o1 & ! rejection ( ! o!r1 disappe>s2 & we f9d ourselves1 9 ref]5ce to bo? acc\nts1 driv5 back by necessity to ! my?ical view4--,/rauss4 #dc ,= :at purpose 0 ! ,annunciation made8 ,luke3 ,simply to acqua9t ,m>y ) ! heav5ly decree t %e _h be5 *os5 to become ! "m ( ! com+ ,messiah 7i1 #bf-cc74 ,mat!w3 ,to allay ! suspicions ( ,joseph respect+ ,m>y's *a/ity & prev5t him f putt+ h] away 7i1 #ah-bj74 #dd ,did ! ,annunciation take place be=e or aft] ,m>y's conception8 ,luke3 ,be=e 7i1 #bf-ca74 ,mat!w3 ,aft] 7i1 #ah-bj74 #de ,:o 0 decl>$ to be ! fa!r ( ,jesus8 ,mat!w3 ,! ,holy ,gho/ 7i1 #ah1 #bj74 ,) ! ,jews ! ,holy ,gho/ 7,_s7 0 ( fem99e g5d]2 ) ! ,greeks1 ( mascul9e g5d]4 ,! belief t ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! fa!r ( ,jesus orig9at$1 n ) ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians ( ,pale/9e1 z claim$1 b ) ! ,greek ,*ri/ians ( ,alex&ria4 #df ,:at pr$iction did ! angel ,gabriel make to ,m>y conc]n+ ,jesus8 ,! ,"l %all give unto him ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r ,david 7,luke i1 #cb74 ,respect+ ?is pr$iction ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hooykaas1 ( ,holl&1 says3 ,if a mess5g] f ,heav5 _h really come to br+ a div9e revelation to ,m>y1 ! result mu/ h confirm$ 8 pr$iction2 & s9ce ,jesus nev] fulfill$ ^! expectations x is obvi\s t ! revelation 0 nev] made4 #dg ,:5 ,m>y visit$ ,elizabe? :at did %e d8 ,luke3 ,%e utt]$ a hymn ( praise 7i1 #df-ee74 ,_h ,m>y utt]$ su* a hymn we w\ld suppose t x w\ld h be5 orig9al & inspir$ by ! ,almighty ,fa!r ( h] unborn *ild4 ,yet ! hymn :i* ,luke puts into h] m\? 0 borr[$ f ! song ( ,hannah4 ,hannah4 ,m>y4 ,my he>t rejoice? 9 ! ,"l 7#a ,my _s ha? rejoic$ 9 ,god ,sam4 ii1 #a74 7,luke i1 #dg74 ,if ?\ wilt inde$ look on ! ,= he ha? reg>d$ ! l[ affliction ( ?9e h&maid 7i1 e/ate ( 8 h&maid5 7#dh74 #aa74 ,talk no m s exce$+ pr\dly ,he ha? scatt]$ ! pr\d 7ii1 #c74 7#ea74 ,! b[s ( ! mighty m5 are ,he ha? put d[n ! mighty f brok51 & !y t /umbl$ are _! seats & exalt$ !m ( gird$ ) /r5g? 7#d74 l[ degree 7#eb74 ,!y t 7 full ha? hir$ out ,he ha? fill$ ! hungry ) !mselves = bread2 & !y t good ?+s2 & ! ri* he ha? 7 hungry ceas$ 7#e74 s5t empty away 7#ec74 #dh ,:at decree is said to h be5 issu$ by ,caes> ,augu/us imm$iately prec$+ ! bir? ( ,*ri/8 ,luke3 ,t all ! _w %\ld be tax$ 7ii1 #a74 ,no su* decree 0 issu$ by ,augu/us1 nor ev5 "o t ! ,roman _w %\ld be tax$4 ,! taxation ( diff]5t prov9ces ( ! empire 0 made at v>i\s times1 no g5]al decree ev] hav+ be5 issu$ & no uni=m assessm5t ev] hav+ be5 attempt$ by ,augu/us4 ,an enrollm5t ( ,roman citiz5s = ! purpose ( taxation 0 made 9 ,syria #g ,a4 ,d4 #di ,( :at k+ 0 ,joseph a subject :5 ,jesus 0 born8 ,mat!w3 ,( ,h]od4 ,if ,jesus 0 born dur+ ! reign ( ,h]od1 ,joseph1 :e!r a resid5t ( ,judea or ( ,galilee1 c\ld n h be5 tax$ by ,augu/us1 = nei!r prov9ce 0 !n a "p ( ,syria4 ,bo? prov9ces belong$ to ,h]od's k+dom & ,h]od's subjects 7 n tax$ by ! ,roman gov]nm5t4 #ej ,( :at prov9ce 0 ,joseph a resid5t8 ,mat!w3 ,( ,judea4 ,luke3 ,( ,galilee4 ,if he 0 a resid5t ( ,galilee he c\ld n h be5 tax$ by ,augu/us1 ev5 9 ! "t ( ,cyr5ius1 = ,galilee 0 n a ,roman prov9ce1 b an indep5d5t /ate1 & _h no political connection ) ,syria4 ,aga91 ?is decree c\ld n h appli$ to ,judea prior to ! bani%m5t ( ,ar*elaus1 t5 ye>s aft] ! "t ( ,h]od2 = ,judea did n become a ,roman prov9ce until t "t2 & :ile ,ar*elaus _h paid tribute to ,rome ! assessm5ts ( ! p 7 made by him & n by ,augu/us4 #ea ,:y 0 ,joseph ) 8 wife oblig$ to leave ,galilee & g to ,be?lehem ( ,judea to be enroll$8 ,luke3 ,because he 0 ( ! h\se & l9eage ( ,david1 & ,be?lehem 0 ! city ( ,david 7ii1 #d74 ,ev5 if he _h be5 subject to taxation !re 0 no law or cu/om requir+ him to leave 8 own c\ntry & g to t ( 8 ance/ors to be enroll$4 ,! assessm5t1 accord+ to ! ,roman cu/om1 0 made at ! resid5ce ( ! p]son tax$4 ,no?+ surpasses 9 absurdity ?is /ory ( ,luke1 t a woman1 on ! eve ( conf9em5t1 & ! subject ( ano!r rul]1 0 dragg$ across two prov9ces to be enroll$ = taxation4 ,9 reg>d to ?is taxation ,dr4 ,hooykaas says3 ,b "h aga9 we are met by ov]:elm+ difficulties4 ,9 itself1 ! ,evangeli/'s acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! c5sus 0 c>ri$ out is entirely incr$ible4 ,only fancy ! indescribable confusion t w\ld h aris5 if e "o1 ?r\gh ! l5g? & bread? ( ! l& ( ! ,jews1 _h left 8 abode to g & enroll himself 9 ! city or village f :i* 8 family orig9ally came1 ev5 suppos+ he knew :]e x 04 ,! c5sus "u ,david 0 conduct$ aft] a v diff]5t fa%ion4 ,b x is /ill m important to note t ! ,evangeli/ falls into ! mo/ extraord9>y mi/akes ?r\gh\t4 ,9 ! fir/ place hi/ory is sil5t z to a c5sus ( ! :ole 7,roman7 _w ev] hav+ be5 made at all4 ,9 ! next place1 ?\gh ,quir9us ,cyr5ius c]ta9ly did make su* a regi/] 9 ,judea & ,sam>ia1 x did n ext5d to ,galilee2 s t ,joseph's h\sehold 0 n affect$ by x4 ,besides x did n take place till t5 ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,h]od1 :5 8 son ,ar*elaus 0 depos$ by ! ,emp]or1 & ! di/ricts ( ,judea & ,sam>ia 7 ?r[n into a ,roman prov9ce4 ,"u ! reign ( ,h]od no?+ ( ! k9d took place1 nor 0 !re any occasion = x4 ,f9ally1 at ! "t ( ! bir? ( ,jesus ! gov]nor ( ,syria 0 n ,quir9us1 b ,qu9tus ,s5tius ,saturn9us 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 iii1 pp4 #ee1 #ef74 #eb ,0 ,jesus born 9 a h\se or 9 a /able8 ,mat!w3 ,& :5 !y 7 come into ! h\se1 !y saw ! "y *ild ) ,m>y 8 "m 7ii1 #aa74 ,luke3 ,& %e br\ght =? h] fir/ born son1 & wrapp$ him 9 swaddl+ clo!s1 & laid him 9 a mang] 7ii1 #g74 ,no?+ c be cle>] ?an t ! au?or ( ,mat!w supposes t ,jesus 0 born 9 a h\se4 ,! au?or ( ,luke1 on ! o!r h&1 expressly decl>es t he 0 born 9 a /able4 ,luke's /ory conc]n+ ! place ( ,m>y's acc\*em5t has be5 receiv$1 :ile t ( ,mat!w has be5 ignor$4 ,*ri/'s bir? 9 a mang] & dea? on ! cross are ! lode/ones t h attract$ ! sympa?ies ( ! _w1 & kept him on ! ?rone ( ,*ri/5dom2 = s5tim5t r ?an reason dom9ates mank9d4 ,ref]r+ to ,luke's /ory1 ! ,bible = ,le>n]s says3 ,su* is ! well-kn[n /ory ( ! bir? ( ,jesus1 "o ( ! sweete/ & mo/ deeply significant ( all ! leg5ds ( ! ,bible4 ,t x is a leg5d1 )\t ev5 ! smalle/ hi/orical f\ndation1 we mu/1 ( c\rse1 admit 7vol4 iii1 p4 #ed74 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr /ates t ,jesus 0 born 9 a cave1 & ?is /atem5t ,f>r> is dispos$ to accept3 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ! ,apologi/1 :o1 f 8 bir? at ,%e*em1 0 famili> ) ,pale/9e1 & :o liv$ less ?an a c5tury aft] ! "t ( our ,"l1 places ! sc5e ( ! nativity 9 a cave4 ,?is is1 inde$1 ! anci5t & con/ant tradition bo? ( ! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n *ur*es1 & x is "o ( ! few to :i*1 ?\gh unrecord$ 9 ! ,gospel hi/ory1 we may atta* a reasonable probability 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #c74 #ec ,:y did ,joseph & 8 wife take %elt] 9 a /able8 ,luke3 ,because !re 0 no room = !m 9 ! inn 7ii1 #g74 ,luke /ates t !re 0 an inn at ,be?lehem4 ,!re 0 no inn 9 ! place4 ,dr4 ,geikie says3 ,we mu/ n moreov] ?9k ( ,joseph seek+ an inn at ,be?lehem1 = inns 7 unkn[n among ! ,jews 7,*ri/mas at ,be?lehem74 #ed ,:at cele/ial ph5om5on att5d$ ,*ri/'s bir?8 ,mat!w3 ,a new /> appe>$ & /ood 9 ! heav5s above him 7ii1 #a-i74 ,luke3 ,an angelic *oir appe>$ & sang praises to ,god 7ii1 #ac1 #ad74 ,mat!w's /ory ( ! /> & ! ,magi1 ev5 to ! language itself1 0 borr[$ f ! writ+s ( ! ,p]sians2 ,luke's /ory ( ! cele/ial visitants 0 tak5 f ,pagan my?ology4 #ee ,:o visit$ him aft] 8 bir?8 ,mat!w3 ,wise m5 f ! ,ea/ 7ii1 #a-aa74 ,luke3 ,%eph]ds f a neighbor+ field 7ii1 #h-bj74 ,mat!w makes no m5tion ( ! %eph]ds' visit2 ,luke is evid5tly ignorant ( ! visit ( ! wise m54 #ef ,f :]e did ! wise m5 come8 ,mat!w3 ,n[ :5 ,jesus 0 born 9 ,be?lehem ( ,judea 9 ! days ( ,h]od ! k+1 behold1 !re came wise m5 f ! ,ea/ to ,j]usalem1 say+3 ,:]e is he t is born ,k+ ( ! ,jews8 = we h se5 8 /> 9 ! ,ea/1 & are come to wor%ip him 7ii1 #a1 #b74 ,by ! ,ea/ 0 meant ,p]sia or ,india1 & f "o ( ^! c\ntries ! ,magi are popul>ly suppos$ to h come4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr says3 ,:5 a /> rose 9 heav5 at ! "t ( 8 bir?1 z is record$ 9 ! ',memoirs' ( 8 ,apo/les1 ! ,magi f ,arabia1 recogniz+ ! sign by ?is1 came & wor%ip$ him 7,dialogues1 cvi74 ,if !y came f ,arabia1 z ?is ,*ri/ian fa!r decl>es1 !y came n f ! ,ea/1 b f ! ,s\?4 #eg ,:at ann\ncem5t did ! angel make to ! %eph]ds8 ,= behold ,i br+ y good tid+s ( great joy1 :i* %all be to all p 7,luke ii1 #aj74 ,accord+ to ,luke ! visit ( ! angels is to proclaim to ! _w ! bir? ( ! new-born ,messiah4 ,_h ! cele/ial ph5om5on report$ by ?is ,evangeli/ really occurr$ ! news ( x w\ld h quickly spread ov] ,pale/9e4 ,yet ! p ( ,j]usalem1 only a few miles away1 le>n no?+ ( x2 =1 accord+ to ,mat!w1 ! fir/ intimation t ,h]od has ( ,*ri/'s bir? is f ! wise m5 :o visit him at a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,! inhabitants ( ,be?lehem !mselves are ignorant ( x4 ,c\ld !y h discov]$ to ,h]od ?is wond]ful babe1 or ! place :]e 8 p>5ts abode :ile !re if !y _h dep>t$1 x w\ld h sav$ _! own *ildr5 f ! wra? ( ?is mon>*4 ,b !y knew no?+ ( him4 #eh ,:at effect _h ! ann\ncem5t ( ,*ri/'s bir? ^u ,h]od & ! p ( ,j]usalem8 ,mat!w3 ,:5 ,h]od ! k+ _h he>d ^! ?+s1 he 0 tr\bl$1 & all ,j]usalem ) him 7ii1 #c74 ,accord+ to ,mat!w ! ann\ncem5t fill$ ) al>m ! entire populace1 & ! mo/ dilig5t ef=ts 7 made to discov] & de/roy ! babe4 ,9 /range contra/ to ?is /atem5t ( ,mat!w is ,luke's n>rative 7ii1 #bb-bg71 :i* decl>es t ,jesus1 :5 =ty days old1 0 br\ght to ,j]usalem & publicly exhibit$ 9 ,h]od's own temple1 )\t excit+ any al>m or provok+ any ho/ility4 #ei ,:at did 8 p>5ts d ) him8 ,mat!w3 ,!y fl$ ) him into ,egypt 7ii1 #ac1 #ae74 ,luke3 ,!y rema9$ ) him 9 ,pale/9e 7ii1 #bb-eb74 ,all attempts to reconcile ^! two contradictory /atem5ts1 seem only elaborate ef=ts ( art4--,dr4 ,s*lei]ma*]4 #fj ,:5 unable to discov] ,jesus :at did ,h]od d8 ,mat!w3 ,!n ,h]od1 :5 he saw t he 0 mock$ ( ! wise m51 0 exce$+ wro?1 & s5t =?1 & slew all ! *ildr5 t 7 9 ,be?lehem1 & 9 all ! coa/s !re(1 f two ye>s old & "u 7ii1 #af74 ,if ?is /atem5t be true hundr$s ( innoc5t babes 7! ,greek ,cal5d> says f\rte5 ?\s&7 mu/ h p]i%$1 a crime ! enormity ( :i* is almo/ )\t a p>allel 9 ! annals ( hi/ory4 ,x is /range t ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john make no m5tion ( ?is frightful trag$y4 ,luke's sil5ce is especially significant4 ,x is pass+ /range t ! ,roman hi/orians & ,rabb9ical writ]s ( t age1 :o wrote ( ,h]od1 %\ld be sil5t reg>d+ x4 ,josephus devotes ne>ly =ty *apt]s to ! life ( ,h]od4 ,he n>rates ) mu* p>ticul>ity e important ev5t 9 8 life4 ,he dete/$ ?is mon>* & dwells ^u 8 crimes & errors4 ,yet ,josephus knew no?+ ( ?is massacre4 ,9 ?is sil5ce ( ,josephus ,dr4 ,f>r> recognizes a difficulty too damag+ to ignore4 ,he says3 ,:y !n1 x has be5 ask$1 does ,josephus make no m5tion ( s infam\s an atrocity8 ,p]haps because x 0 p]=m$ s secretly t he did n ev5 "k ( x4 ,p]haps because1 9 ^? t]rible days1 ! murd] ( a score ( *ildr51 9 consequ5ce ( a transi5t suspicion1 w\ld h be5 reg>d$ z an item utt]ly insignificant 9 ! li/ ( ,h]od's murd]s4 ,p]haps because x 0 pass$ ov] 9 sil5ce by ,nikolaus ( ,damascus1 :o1 writ+ 9 ! true _s ( ^? ,hell5iz+ c\rti]s1 :o want$ to make a political ,messiah out ( a corrupt & blood-/a9$ usurp]1 magnifi$ all 8 patron's a*ievem5ts1 & conceal$ or palliat$ all 8 crimes4 ,b ! m probable reason is t ,josephus1 :om1 9 spite ( all ! imm5se lit]>y debt :i* we owe to him1 we c only reg>d z a r5egade & a sycophant1 did n *oose to make any allusion to facts :i* 7 ev5 remotely connect$ ) ! life ( ,*ri/ 7,life ( ,*ri/1 pp4 #bb1 #bc74 ,a m absurd reason ?an ! fir/ advanc$ by ,f>r> x is difficult to conceive4 ,! second1 t x 0 a matt] ( too little consequ5ce to record1 an explanation :i* o!r ,*ri/ian apologi/s h assign$1 is z unreasonable z x is he>tless4 ,! sil5ce ( ,nikolaus1 :o wrote ( ,h]od aft] 8 dea?1 is also significant1 & ! excuse (f]$ by ,f>r> t he omitt$ x because he 0 ! fri5d ( ,h]od1 ev5 if admitt$1 _c apply to ,josephus1 :o abhorr$ ! memory ( ?is mon>*4 ,! cont5tion t ,josephus purposely ignor$ ! exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ because he saw 9 him a m5ace to 8 fai? is *ildi%4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 admitt+ 8 exi/5ce1 _h made no hi/ory to record4 ,8 bir? 0 att5d$ by no prodigies1 & !re 0 no?+ 9 8 adv5t to excite ! fe> or envy ( a k+4 ,josephus m5tions no ,h]odian massacre at ,be?lehem because none occurr$4 ,_h ,h]od sla9 a s+le *ild 9 ! mann] /at$ ! fact w\ld be atte/$ by a score ( au?ors ^: writ+s are extant4 ,h]od did n slay "o babe4 ,?is /ory is false4 ,h]od's massacre ( ! infants ( ,be?lehem & ! escape ( ,jesus 0 probably sugge/$ by ,kansa's massacre ( ! infants ( ,matura & ! escape ( ,kri%na4 ,ph>aoh's slaught] ( ! fir/ born 9 ,egypt may also h sugge/$ x4 #fa ,:at 0 ! real cause ( ,h]od's massacre8 ,mat!w3 ,! visit ( ! wise m5 & ! disclosures made by !m 7ii1 #a-af74 ,^! wise m51 x is claim$1 7 "u div9e guidance4 ,9 view ( ?is t]rible slaught] _! visit mu/ be reg>d$ z a div9e blund]4 #fb ,9 ! massacre ( ! innoc5ts :at prophecy 0 fulfill$8 ,mat!w3 ,!n 0 fulfill$ t :i* 0 spok5 by ,j]emy ! prophet1 say+1 ,9 ,rama 0 !re a voice he>d1 lam5tation1 & weep+1 & great m\rn+1 ,ra*el weep+ = h] *ildr51 & w\ld n be com=t$1 because !y are n 7ii1 #ag1 #ah74 ,?is s-call$ prophecy is 9 ,j]emiah xxxi1 #ae4 ,x 0 writt5 at ! "t ( ! ,babylonian captivity & ref]s to ! captive ,jews4 ,9 ! next v]se ,j]emiah says3 ,!y %all come aga9 f ! l& ( ! enemy4 #fc ,:5 ,h]od di$ :at did ! ,"l comm& ,joseph to d8 ,arise1 & take ! "y *ild & 8 "m & g into ! l& ( ,israel1 = !y are dead :i* s\ght ! "y *ild's life 7,mat!w ii1 #bj74 ,& ! ,"l said unto ,moses 9 ,midian1 ,g1 return to ,egypt3 = all ! m5 are dead :i* s\ght ?y life 7,exodus iv1 #ai74 #fd ,! soj\rn ( ,joseph & ,m>y ) ,jesus 9 ,egypt 0 9 fulfillm5t ( :at prophecy8 ,mat!w3 ,t spok5 ( ! ,"l by ! prophet1 say+1 ,out ( ,egypt h ,i call$ my son 7ii1 #ae74 ,?is may be f\nd 9 ,hosea xi1 #a1 & cle>ly ref]s to ! exodus ( ! ,israelites f ,egypt4 #fe ,jesus 0 subsequ5tly tak5 to ,naz>e?4 ,:y8 ,mat!w3 ,t x might be fulfill$ :i* 0 spok5 by ! prophet1 ,he %all be call$ a ,naz>5e 7ii1 #bc74 ,! ,bible conta9s no su* prophecy4 ,fleetwood admits t ! words are n to be f\nd 9 ! prophetical writ+s1 & ,f>r> says1 ,x is well kn[n t no su* passage occurs 9 any extant prophecy 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #cc74 ,! only passage to :i* ! above c ref] is ,judges xiii1 #e4 ,"h ! *ild ref]r$ to 0 n to be call$ a ,naz>5e1 b a ,naz>ite1 & ,mat!w knew t ,naz>5e & ,naz>ite 7 no m synonym\s ?an ,jew & prie/4 ,a ,naz>5e 0 a native ( ,naz>e?2 a ,naz>ite 0 "o consecrat$ to ! s]vice ( ! ,"l4 ,mat!w likewise knew t ?is ,naz>ite ref]r$ to 9 ,judges 0 ,samson4 #ff ,_h ,joseph & ,m>y liv$ 9 ,naz>e? previ\s to ! bir? ( ,jesus8 ,luke3 ,!y _h4 ,mat!w3 ,!y _h n4 ,& ,joseph also w5t up f ,galilee1 out ( ! city ( ,naz>e?1 unto ! city ( ,david1 :i* is call$ ,be?lehem1 444 to be tax$ ) ,m>y 8 esp\s$ wife4444 ,& :5 !y _h p]=m$ all ?+s accord+ to ! law ( ! ,"l1 !y return$ into ,galilee1 to _! own city ,naz>e? 7,luke ii1 #d1 #e1 #ci74 ,:5 he ,joseph arose1 he took ! "y *ild & 8 "m by night1 & dep>t$ into ,egypt3 & 0 !re until ! dea? ( ,h]od4444 ,b :5 ,h]od 0 dead1 444 he arose1 & took ! "y *ild & 8 "m1 & came into ! l& ( ,israel4 ,& :5 he he>d t ,ar*elaus did reign 9 ! room ( 8 fa!r ,h]od1 he 0 afraid to g ?i!r2 not)/&+1 be+ w>n$ ( ,god 9 a dream1 he turn$ aside into ! p>ts ( ,galilee3 & he came & dwelt 9 a city call$ ,naz>e? 7,mat!w ii1 #ad-bc74 ,accord+ to ,luke _! home 0 9 ,naz>e? ( ,galilee2 accord+ to ,mat!w _! home 0 9 ,be?lehem ( ,judea4 ,luke /ates t !y m]ely visit$ ,be?lehem to be enroll$ = taxation & fulfill a c]ta9 ,messianic prophecy4 ,mat!w /ates t aft] ! flight into ,egypt & ! dea? ( ,h]od !y 7 return+ to ,judea :5 fe>+ ,ar*elaus !y turn$ aside into ,galilee to avoid ?is rul] & fulfill ano!r ,messianic prophecy4 #fg ,h[ did ! p>5ts ( ,jesus receive ! pr$ictions ( ,simeon conc]n+ him8 ,luke3 ,& ,joseph & 8 "m m>vell$ at ^? ?+s :i* 7 spok5 ( him 7ii1 #cc74 ,:y %\ld !y m>vel at ! pr$ictions ( ,simeon :5 long be=e !y _h be5 appris$ ( ! same ?+ by ! angel ,gabriel8 #fh ,does ! "n ,joseph belong 9 ! text quot$ above8 ,x does n4 ,! correct read+ is3 ,& 8 fa!r & 8 "m 7 m>vell+ at ! ?+s :i* 7 spok5 conc]n+ him4 ,x decl>es ,joseph to be ! fa!r ( ,jesus1 & z ?is did n h>monize ) ! /ory ( ! miracul\s conception ! mak]s ( our v]sion sub/itut$ ,joseph = fa!r4 #fi ,:at does ,luke say reg>d+ ! infancy ( ,john & ,jesus8 ,& ! *ild ,john grew & wax$ /rong 9 _s 7i1 #hj74 ,& ! *ild ,jesus grew & wax$ /rong 9 _s 7ii1 #dj74 ,betwe5 ! gr[? ( ! man ,john & ! gr[? ( ! ,god ,jesus !re is1 accord+ to ! ,evangeli/1 no diff]5ce1 & ! gr[? ( ea* is id5tical ) t ( ! demi-god ,samson4 #gj ,:at cu/om did ,jesus's p>5ts obs]ve8 ,luke3 ,8 p>5ts w5t to ,j]usalem e ye> at ! fea/ ( ! passov] 7ii1 #da74 ,! prec$+ v]se 7#dj7 %[s t ,luke means e ye> foll[+ ! bir? ( ,jesus4 ,9 ! succe$+ v]se 7#db7 x is cle>ly impli$ t ,jesus always accompani$ !m4 ,x is impossible to reconcile ?is /atem5t ( ,luke1 :o evid5tly kn[s no?+ ( ! enmity ( ,h]od & ,ar*elaus1 ) ! /atem5ts ( ,mat!w :o decl>es !m to h be5 8 mortal enemies4 #ga ,on "o ( ^! occasions :]e did !y f9d him8 ,luke3 ,!y f\nd him 9 ! temple1 sitt+ 9 ! mid/ ( ! doctors1 bo? he>+ !m1 & ask+ !m que/ions 7ii1 #df74 ,n until ! "t ( ,gamaliel1 :o liv$ z late z ! middle ( ! fir/ c5tury1 0 a *ild all[$ to sit 9 ! pres5ce ( ! rabbis4 ,he 0 always requir$ to /&1 & ^? acqua9t$ ) ! ,jewi% hi/ory ( t age "k t ! rabbis 7 ! mo/ rigid /ickl]s = ecclesia/ical =malities1 ! slighte/ brea* ( :i* 0 nev] tol]at$4 ,! au?or ( ! ?ird ,gospel is famili> ) ! lat]1 b n ) ! e>li] cu/om4 #gb ,:at 0 ! m$ium ( communication ?r\gh :i* ! w ( ,heav5 0 reveal$ to ! p>ticipants 9 ?is drama8 ,mat!w3 ,a dream 7i1 #bj2 ii1 #ab1 #ac1 #ai1 #bb74 ,luke3 ,an angel 7i1 #aa1 #bf2 ii1 #i74 ,9 ,mat!w e message respect+ ! *ild ,jesus is communicat$ by means ( a dream2 9 ,luke e ann\ncem5t is made ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( an angel4 ,yet1 aft] all1 ^! ,evangeli/s diff] only 9 t]ms2 = ,luke's angels are creat$ out ( ! same /uff t ,mat!w's dreams are made (1 & ! _w is fa/ com+ to a realization ( ! fact t ?is :ole !ological /ructure1 f\nd$ on sleep]s' dreams & angels' tales1 is b ,! baseless fabric ( a vision4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,*ri/4 #gc ,:51 & at :at age1 did ,jesus beg9 8 m9i/ry8 ,luke3 ,9 ! fifte5? ye> ( ! reign ( ,tib]ius ,caes> 7iii1 #a74 ,jesus himself began to be ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age 7#bc74 ,9 ! fifte5? ye> ( ,tib]ius1 :o began 8 reign 9 ,augu/1 #ad ,a4 ,d41 ,jesus1 accord+ to ,mat!w1 0 at lea/ ?irty-?ree ye>s ( age2 accord+ to ,luke1 ab\t tw5ty-two4 ,reg>d+ ?is subject1 ,dr4 ,geikie writes z foll[s3 ,! age ( ,jesus at 8 entrance on 8 public "w has be5 v>i\sly e/imat$4 ,ewald supposes t he 0 ab\t ?irty-f\r1 fix+ 8 bir? ?ree ye>s be=e ! dea? ( ,h]od4 ,wiesel]1 on ! contr>y1 believes him to h be5 9 8 ?irty-fir/ ye>1 sett+ 8 bir? a few mon?s be=e ,h]od's dea?4 ,buns51 ,ang]1 ,w9]1 ,s*ur]1 & ,r5an agree ) ?is4 ,li*t5/e9 makes him ?irty-two4 ,hausra? & ,keim1 on ! o!r h&1 ?9k t he began 8 m9i/ry 9 ! ye> ,a4 ,d4 #cd1 b !y d n give any suppos$ date = 8 bir?1 ?\gh if t ( ,ewald be tak5 z a m$ium he mu/ h be5 =ty ye>s old1 :ile1 if ,wiesel]'s date be pref]r$1 he w\ld only h be5 ?irty-sev54444 ,amid/ su* diff]5ce1 exactness is impossible 7,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 i1 pp4 #dee1 #def74 #gd ,john ! ,bapti/ is said to h be5 ! p]son s5t to ann\nce ! mission ( ,*ri/4 ,:o 0 ,john ! ,bapti/8 ,jesus3 ,?is is ,elias1 :i* 0 = to come 7,mat!w xi1 #ad74 ,john3 ,& !y ask$ him ,john1 :at !n8 ,art ?\ ,elias8 ,& he sai?1 ,i am n 7i1 #ba74 ,a "q ( v]acity betwe5 ,jesus & ,john4 #ge ,! adv5t ( ,john 0 9 fulfillm5t ( :at prophecy8 ,m>k3 ,z x is writt5 9 ! prophets1 ,behold ,i s5d my mess5g] be=e ?y face1 :i* %all prep>e ! way be=e !e 7i1 #b74 ,?is passage is quot$ f ,mala*i 7iii1 #a73 ,god ?reat5s to de/roy ! _w1 & says 7iv1 #e71 ,behold ,i w s5d y ,elijah ! prophet be=e ! com+ ( ! great & dreadful day ( ! ,"l4 ,john expressly decl>$ t he 0 n ,elijah 7,elias71 & ! de/ruction ( ! _w did n foll[ 8 appe>ance4 #gf ,:at 0 pr$ict$ conc]n+ ,john8 ,he %all be great 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l1 & %all dr9k nei!r w9e nor /rong dr9k2 & he %all be fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 ev5 f 8 "m's womb 7,luke i1 #ae74 ,= ! above ,luke 0 indebt$ to ! biograph] ( ,samson4 ,bo? ,samson & ,john 7 to be consecrat$ to ,god f ! womb1 & ! same diet 0 prescrib$ = bo?4--,/rauss4 #gg ,:5 ! conception ( ,john 0 ann\nc$ :at puni%m5t 0 inflict$ ^u ,za*>ias = 8 d\bt8 ,luke3 ,& ! angel answ]+ said unto him1 ,i am ,gabriel1 t /& 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god2 444 ,& behold1 ?\ %alt be dumb1 & n able to speak1 until ! day t ^! ?+s be p]=m$ 7i1 #ai1 #bj74 ,?is 0 evid5tly sugge/$ by a passage 9 ,daniel3 ,& :5 he ,gabriel _h spok5 su* words unto me1 ,i set my face t[>d ! gr\nd1 & ,i became dumb 7x1 #ae74 #gh ,:]e 0 ,john baptiz+ :5 he ann\nc$ 8 mission to ! ,jews8 ,john 7,new ,v]473 ,9 ,be?any beyond ,jordan 7i1 #bh74 ,be?any 0 a suburb ( ,j]usalem & 0 n beyond ,jordan4 ,! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion reads ,be?ab>a1 conc$$ to be an int]polation1 reg>d+ :i* ,geikie says3 ,! mo/ anci5t ,,mss4 read ,be?any in/ead ( ,be?ab>a1 b no site ( t "n is n[ kn[n on ! ,jordan4 ,be?ab>a 0 introduc$ into ! text by ,orig5 7,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 i1 p4 #eff74 #gi ,h[ old 0 ,jesus :5 ,john began 8 m9i/ry8 ,luke3 ,ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age 7iii1 #b1 #c1 #bc74 ,mat!w3 ,9 ^? days :5 ,jesus' p>5ts br\ght him out ( ,egypt & settl$ 9 ,naz>e?1 he be+ !n ab\t two ye>s ( age came ,john ! ,bapti/1 prea*+ 9 ! wild]ness ( ,judea 7ii1 #ai-bc2 iii1 #a74 ,mat!w1 x is claim$1 0 writt5 only t5 or tw5ty ye>s aft] ,jesus' baptism4 ,if s1 ! phrase 9 ^? days cle>ly implies t he 0 b a *ild :5 ,john began 8 m9i/ry4 ,if ! phrase 0 int5d$ to compreh5d a p]iod ( ?irty ye>s ?is gospel1 x mu/ be admitt$1 0 writt5 at lea/ "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ev5t describ$4 #hj ,7 ,jesus & ,john relat$8 ,luke3 ,!y 71 _! mo!rs be+ c\s9s 7i1 #cf74 ,m>y _h visit$ ! "m ( ,john1 & ea* 0 acqua9t$ ) ! "* ( ! o!r's *ild4 ,john be=e 8 bir? is decl>$ to h recogniz$ & ackn[l$g$ ! div9ity ( ! unborn ,jesus 7,luke i1 #da-dd74 ,yet1 accord+ to ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 at ! beg9n+ ( ,jesus' m9i/ry ,john said1 ,i "k him n 7i1 #cc74 #ha ,:5 ,jesus desir$ ,john to baptize him1 :at did ! latt] d8 ,mat!w3 ,john =bade him say+1 ,i h ne$ to be baptiz$ ( !e 7iii1 #ad74 ,accord+ to ,mat!w1 ,john 0 n only acqua9t$ ) ,jesus1 b cognizant ( 8 div9e mission1 :i* _c be h>moniz$ ) 8 /atem5t 9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel4 ,dr4 ,geikie admits t ,john & ,jesus 7 /rang]s to ea* o!r4 ,he says3 ,?\gh c\s9s1 ! ,bapti/ & ! ,son ( ,m>y _h nev] se5 ea* o!r 7,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 i1 p4 #chi74 ,?is is n only a rejection ( ,mat!w's /atem5t1 b a repudiation ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,luke1 "o ( ! mo/ important *apt]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 = x is utt]ly impossible = reason to h>monize ^! alleg$ revelations conc]n+ ! miracul\s conceptions & div9e missions ( ,john & ,jesus to _! p>5ts & ! fact t ,john rema9$ = ?irty ye>s 9 absolute ignorance ( ,jesus' exi/5ce4 #hb ,:at did ,john say reg>d+ ,jesus8 ,he t come? aft] me is mighti] ?an ,i1 ^: %oes ,i am n wor?y to be> 7,mat!w iii1 #aa74 ,!re come? "o mighti] ?an ,i aft] me1 ! lat*et ( ^: %oes ,i am n wor?y to /oop d[n & unloose 7,m>k i1 #g74 #hc ,:at o!r te/imony did he be> conc]n+ ,jesus8 ,& ( 8 fulness h all we receiv$ 7,john i1 #af74 ,?is 0 utt]$ prior to ! beg9n+ ( ,jesus' m9i/ry1 & be=e he _h be5 baptiz$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,at ?is "t 8 fulness _h n be5 receiv$1 & ! words are an ana*ronism4 #hd ,at ,jesus' baptism !re came a voice f heav54 ,to :om 7 its words address$8 ,mat!w3 ,to ^? :o /ood by4 ,?is is my belov$ ,son1 9 :om ,i am well pleas$ 7iii1 #ag74 ,luke3 ,to ,jesus himself4 ,?\ art my belov$ ,son2 9 !e ,i am well pleas$ 7iii1 #bb74 #he ,john he>d ?is voice f heav52 did he believe x8 ,mat!w3 ,he evid5tly did n2 = he aft]w>ds s5t two ( 8 disciples to asc]ta9 if ,jesus 7 ! ,*ri/4 ,n[ :5 ,john _h he>d 9 prison ! words ( ,*ri/1 he s5t two ( 8 disciples1 & said unto him1 ,art ?\ he t %\ld come or d we look = ano!r8 7xi1 #b1 #c74 #hf ,d all ! ,evangeli/s record ,jesus' baptism by ,john8 ,!y d n4 ,accord+ to ! ,synoptics1 ,john's baptism ( ,jesus 0 ! initial act 9 8 m9i/ry1 & "o ( ! mo/ important ev5ts 9 8 c>e]4 ,b ( ?is baptism ! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel kn[s no?+4 ,9 reg>d to ?is omission ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,accord+ to ! ,synoptics1 ,jesus is baptiz$ by ,john1 & z he goes out ( ! wat] ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5ds ^u him l a dove4 ,! ,f\r? ,gospel kn[s no?+ ( ! baptism1 & makes ,john ! ,bapti/ n>rate vaguely t he saw ! ,holy ,gho/ desc5d l a dove & re/ ^u ,jesus1 z a sign previ\sly indicat$ to him by ,god by :i* to recognize ! ,lamb ( ,god 7p4 #fha74 #hg ,) :at did ,john say ,jesus w\ld baptize8 ,m>k & ,john3 ,he %all baptize y ) ! ,holy ,gho/ 7,m>k i1 #h2 ,john i1 #cc74 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,he %all baptize y ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ) fire 7,matt4 iii1 #aa2 ,luke iii1 #af74 #hh ,h[ _m 7 baptiz$ by ,john8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,j]usalem & all ,judea 7,matt4 iii1 #e2 ,m>k i1 #e74 ,john1 if ! acc\nt 9 ,josephus is to be cr$it$1 made "s conv]ts2 b all ! inhabitants ( ,judea 7 n baptiz$ by him4 ,is ,john ! ,bapti/ a hi/orical "*8 ,aside f ! anonym\s & apocryphal writ+s ( ! *ur*1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! second c5tury1 ! only evid5ce ( 8 exi/5ce is a passage 9 ,josephus 7,antiquities1 ,b4 xviii1 *4 v1 sec4 #b74 ,! language ( ?is passage1 :ile n av[$ly ,*ri/ian l ! passage p]ta9+ to ,*ri/1 is yet ( su* a "* z to excite suspicion reg>d+ its g5u95ess4 ,its position /rongly sugge/s an int]polation4 ,josephus gives an acc\nt ( ! tr\bles t arose betwe5 ,h]od ,antipas1 tetr>* ( ,galilee1 & ,aretas1 k+ ( ,arabia ,petrea4 ,h]od _h m>ri$ ! daught] ( ,aretas2 b becom+ infatuat$ ) ,h]odias1 8 si/]-9-law1 he resolv$ to put h] away & m>ry ,h]odias4 ,discov]+ 8 int5tions 8 wife obta9$ p]mission to visit h] fa!r1 :o :5 he _h be5 in=m$ ( ,h]od's p]fidy1 made w> ^u him & defeat$ him 9 battle4 ,h]od appeal$ to ! ,emp]or ,tib]ius1 :o 0 8 fri5d1 & :o ord]$ ,vitellius1 gov]nor ( ,syria1 to invade ! dom9ions ( ,aretas & capture or slay him4 ,i quote ! conclud+ portion ( section #a & ! op5+ s5t5ce ( section #c ( ! *apt] conta9+ ?is hi/ory1 sep>at+ ! two ) an ellipsis3 ,s ,h]od wrote ab\t ^! affairs to ,tib]ius1 :o1 be+ v angry at ! attempt made by ,aretas1 wrote to ,vitellius to make w> ^u him1 & ei!r to take him alive1 & br+ him 9 bonds1 or to kill him1 & s5d him 8 head4 ,?is 0 ! *>ge t ,tib]ius gave to ! presid5t ( ,syria4444 ,s ,vitellius prep>$ to make w> ) ,aretas1 hav+ ) him two legions ( arm$ m54 ,x w be readily obs]v$ t ! two sections are closely connect$1 ! "o naturally & logically foll[+ ! o!r4 ,yet betwe5 ^! two closely connect$ sections1 ! section conta9+ ! acc\nt ( ,john ! ,bapti/ is ins]t$4 #hi ,:o held ! (fice ( high prie/ at ! "t ,jesus began 8 m9i/ry8 ,luke3 ,annas & ,caiaphas 7iii1 #b74 ,if ! writ] 7 to decl>e t ,wa%+ton & ,monroe 7 presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ! same "t x w\ld be no m errone\s ?an ! decl>ation ( ,luke t ,annas & ,caiaphas 7 high prie/s at ! same "t4 ,two prie/s nev] held ?is (fice jo9tly4 ,caiaphas 0 high prie/ at ?is "t1 & ?ree o!rs _h held ! (fice previ\s to him & subsequ5t to ,annas4 ,ref]r+ to ,pontius ,pilate's pr$ecessor1 ,gratus1 :o 0 procurator ( ,judea f #ae to #bf ,a4 ,d41 ,josephus says3 ,?is man depriv$ ,ananus ,annas ( ! high prie/hood1 & appo9t$ ,i%mael1 ! son ( ,phabi1 to be high prie/4 ,he also depriv$ him 9 a little "t1 & orda9$ ,eleaz]1 ! son ( ,ananus1 :o _h be5 high prie/ be=e1 to be high prie/2 :i* (fice1 :5 he _h held = a ye>1 ,gratus depriv$ him ( x1 & gave ! high prie/hood to ,simon1 ! son ( ,cami?us1 &1 :5 he _h possess$ ! dignity no long] ?an a ye>1 ,joseph ,caiaphas 0 made 8 successor 7,antiquities ,b4 xviii1 *4 ii1 sec4 #b74 #ij ,:o 0 tetr>* ( ,abil5e at ?is "t8 ,luke3 ,lysanias 7iii1 #a74 ,lysanias 0 put to dea? at ! in/igation ( ,cleopatra sixty ye>s be=e ,jesus began 8 m9i/ry4 ,%e ,cleopatra hurri$ ,antony on p]petually to deprive o!rs ( _! dom9ions1 & give !m to h]2 & z %e w5t ov] ,syria ) him1 %e contriv$ to get x into h] possession2 s he slew ,lysanias 7,josephus1 ,antiq41 ,b4 xv1 *4 iv1 sec4 #a74 ,at ! "t m5tion$ by ,luke ! t]ritory ( ,abila1 or ,abil5e1 0 no long] a tetr>*y4 #ia ,:]e 0 ,jesus ?ree days aft] he began 8 m9i/ry8 ,synoptics3 ,9 ! wild]ness fa/+ 7,matt4 iv1 #a2 ,m>k i1 #i-ac2 ,luke iv1 #a74 ,john3 ,at a w$d+ 9 ,cana1 fea/+ 7i1 ii74 #ib ,0 he l$1 or driv5 by ! _s into ! wild]ness8 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,!n 0 ,jesus l$ up ( ! _s into ! wild]ness 7,matt4 iv1 #a2 ,luke iv1 #a74 ,m>k3 ,& imm$iately ! _s drive? him into ! wild]ness 7i1 #ab74 #ic ,:5 did ! temptation take place8 ,m>k3 ,dur+ ! =ty days' fa/4 ,& he 0 !re 9 ! wild]ness =ty days tempt$ ( ,satan 7i1 #ac74 ,mat!w3 ,aft] ! fa/4 ,& :5 he _h fa/$ =ty days & =ty nights 444 ! tempt] came to him 7iv1 #b1 #c74 #id ,dur+ ! temptation ! devil is said to h set him on ! temple4 ,on :at "p ( ! temple did he set him8 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,on a p9nacle 7,matt4 iv1 #e2 ,luke iv1 #i74 ,! indef9ite article a cle>ly implies t ! temple _h sev]al p9nacles1 :]eas x _h b "o4 ,aft] eighte5 hundr$ ye>s ! ,holy ,gho/ discov]$ 8 mi/ake & mov$ ! ,ox=d revis]s to sub/itute ! = a4 #ie ,:at did ! devil next d8 ,mat!w3 ,! devil take? him up into an exce$+ high m\nta91 & %ewe? him all ! k+doms ( ! _w 7iv1 #h74 ,x mu/ h be5 an exce$+ly high m\nta9 to h enabl$ him to see ! k+doms ( ! opposite hemisph]e4 #if ,:at did ! devil propose8 ,all ^! ?+s w ,i give !e ,jesus1 if ?\ wilt fall d[n & wor%ip me 7,mat!w iv1 #i74 ,if ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/1 & ,*ri/ 0 ,god1 z claim$1 :o own$ ^! ?+s1 he or ! devil8 ,?9k ( a tramp (f]+ y a quit-claim de$ to y\r home = a meal4 #ig ,:]e did ! devil take him fir/1 to ! temple1 or to ! m\nta98 ,mat!w3 ,to ! temple 7iv1 #e-h74 ,luke3 ,to ! m\nta9 7iv1 #e-i74 ,conc]n+ ?is discrepancy1 ,f>r> says3 ,! ord] ( ! temptation is giv5 diff]5tly by ,/4 ,mat!w & ,/4 ,luke1 ,/4 ,mat!w plac+ second ! sc5e on ! p9nacle ( ! temple1 & ,/4 ,luke ! vision ( ! k+doms ( ! _w4 ,bo? ord]s _c be "r 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #gj74 ,"s ( ! able/ ,*ri/ian s*ol>s h refus$ to accept ! ,temptation z hi/orical4 ,f>r> says3 ,f ,orig5 d[n to ,s*lei]ma*] "s h reg>d$ x z a vision or allegory--! symbolic description ( a purely inw>d /ruggle2 & ev5 s lit]al a comm5tator z ,calv9 has embrac$ ?is view 7,ibid1 p4 #fe74 #ih ,_h ,john be5 ca/ into prison :5 ,jesus began 8 m9i/ry8 ,mat!w3 ,he _h4 ,john3 ,he _h n4 ,mat!w says t imm$iately aft] 8 temptation1 & be=e he began 8 m9i/ry1 ,jesus _h he>d t ,john 0 ca/ into prison 7iv1 #ab74 ,!n he dep>t$ into ,galilee2 & leav+ ,naz>e?1 he came & dwelt 9 ,cap]naum 7#ab1 #ac74 ,f t "t ,jesus began to prea* 7#ag74 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,accord+ to ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 ,jesus _h call$ 8 disciples2 _h travel$ ov] ,galilee & ,judea2 _h baptiz$ 7iii1 #bb72 _h p]=m$ miracles 7ii1 #a-aa1 #bc2 iii1 #b72 _h held controv]sies ) ! ,jews 7ii1 #ah-ba2 iii1 #a-ba72 _h att5d$ ! ,passov] 7ii1 #ac-bc72 _h purg$ ! temple 7ii1 #ac-af72 & aft] all ^! ?+s ,john 0 n yet ca/ into prison 7iii1 #bd74 #ii ,"n ! ,twelve ,apo/les4 ,mat!w4 ,m>k4 ,luke4 ,simon ,pet] ,simon ,pet] ,simon ,pet] ,&rew ,&rew ,&rew ,james ,james ,james ,john ,john ,john ,philip ,philip ,philip ,b>?olomew ,b>?olomew ,b>?olomew ,?omas ,?omas ,?omas ,mat!w ,mat!w ,mat!w ,james ,less ,james ,less ,james ,less ,,lebbeus ,,?addeus ,,judas ,simon ,simon ,simon ,judas ,isc>iot ,judas ,isc>iot ,judas ,isc>iot ,john does n "n ! ,twelve ,apo/les & ?is important omission is admitt$ to be a grave defect 9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel4 #ajj ,relate ! circum/ances att5d+ ! call+ ( ,pet]4 ,mat!w3 ,& ,jesus1 walk+ by ! sea ( ,galilee1 saw two bre?r51 ,simon call$ ,pet]1 & ,&rew 8 bro!r1 ca/+ a net into ! sea3 = !y 7 fi%]s4 ,& he sai? unto !m1 ,foll[ me1 & ,i w make y fi%]s ( m54 ,& !y /raightway left _! nets1 & foll[$ him 7iv1 #ah-bj74 ,luke3 ,he ,jesus /ood by ! lake ( ,g5nes>et1 & saw two %ips /&+ by ! lake2 b ! fi%]m5 7 gone out ( !m & 7 wa%+ _! nets4 ,& he ent]$ into "o ( ! %ips1 :i* 0 ,simon's1 & pray$ him t he w\ld ?ru/ out a little f ! l&4 ,& he sat d[n & taught ! p out ( ! %ip4 ,n[ :5 he _h left speak+1 he said unto ,simon1 ,laun* out into ! deep1 & let d[n y\r nets = a draught 7v1 #a-d74 ,& :5 !y _h ?is done !y inclos$ a great multitude ( fi%es 7#f74 ,& ,jesus said unto ,simon1 ,fe> n2 f h5ce=? ?\ %alt cat* m54 ,& :5 !y ,pet]1 ,james & ,john _h br\ght _! %ips to l&1 !y =sook all1 & foll[$ him 7#aj1 #aa74 ,john3 ,aga9 ! next day aft] ,john /ood1 & two ( 8 disciples2 & look+ ^u ,jesus z he walk$1 he sai?1 ,behold ! ,lamb ( ,god6 ,& ! two disciples he>d him speak1 & !y foll[$ ,jesus 7i1 #ce-cg74 ,!y came & saw :]e he ,jesus dwelt1 & abode ) him t day4444 ,"o ( ! two :i* he>d ,john speak1 & foll[$ him1 0 ,&rew1 ,simon ,pet]'s bro!r4 ,he fir/ f9de? 8 own bro!r ,simon1 & sai? unto him1 ,we h f\nd ! ,messias4444 ,& he br\ght him to ,jesus 7#dj-db74 ,"h are ?ree acc\nts ( ! call+ ( ,pet]1 ea* entirely at v>iance ) ! o!rs4 #aja ,9 :at c\ntry 7 !y :5 ,pet] 0 call$8 ,synoptics3 ,9 ,galilee4 ,john 7,old ,v]473 ,9 ,p]ea 7i1 #bh-db74 ,be?ab>a & ! t]ritory beyond ,jordan 7 9 ,p]ea4 ,john 7,new ,v]473 ,9 ,judea4 ,be?any & all ! c\ntry surr\nd+ x 7 9 ,judea4 #ajb ,:o did ,jesus decl>e ,pet] to be8 ,?\ art ,simon ! son ( ,jona 7,john i1 #db74 ,simon1 son ( ,jonas 7,john xxi1 #ae74 ,?\ art ,simon ! son ( ,john 7,john1 ,new ,v]41 i1 #db2 xxi1 #ae74 ,!re is no relation :atev] betwe5 ,jona1 or ,jonas1 & ,john4 ,jona 7,jonah71 or ,jonas1 means a dove2 ,john means ! grace ( ,god4 #ajc ,jesus gave ,simon 7,pet]7 ! "n ( ,cephas4 ,:at mean+ did he atta* to ! ^w ,cephas8 ,?\ %alt be call$ ,cephas1 :i* is by int]pretation1 ,a /one 7,john i1 #db74 ,?\ %alt be call$ ,cephas 7:i* is by int]pretation1 ,pet]7 7,ibid1 ,new ,v]474 ,"h ,jesus is repres5t$ z int]pret+ ! mean+ ( an ,aramaic ^w1 ) :i* 8 he>]s 7 famili>1 by ! use ( a ,greek ^w ( ^: mean+ !y 7 ignorant1 ! incongruity ( :i* mu/ be app>5t to e read]4 #ajd ,:5 7 ,james & ,john call$8 ,mat!w3 ,aft] ,pet] 0 call$4 ,aft] giv+ an acc\nt ( ! call+ ( ,pet] & ,&rew1 ,mat!w says3 ,& go+ on f !nce1 he saw o!r two bre?r51 ,james ! son ( ,zeb$ee1 & ,john 8 bro!r1 9 a %ip ) ,zeb$ee _! fa!r1 m5d+ _! nets2 & he call$ !m4 ,& !y imm$iately left ! %ip & _! fa!r1 & foll[$ him 7iv1 #ba1 #bb74 ,luke3 ,at ! "t t ,pet] 0 call$4 ,luke /ates t ,james & ,john 7 p>tn]s ( ,pet]1 & ) him on ! lake1 9 ano!r boat1 :5 ! miracul\s draught ( fi%es 0 made1 t bo? boats 7 fill$ ) ! fi%1 ,& :5 !y ,pet]1 ,james & ,john _h br\ght _! %ips to l&1 !y =sook all1 & foll[$ him 7v1 #a-aa74 #aje ,:]e 0 ,jesus :5 he call$ ,pet]1 ,james & ,john8 ,mat!w3 ,walk+ by ! sea ( ,galilee 7iv1 #ah-ba74 ,luke3 ,on ! lake 9 a %ip 7v1 #a-aa74 ,9 reg>d to ,mat!w's & ,luke's acc\nts ( ! call+ ( ,pet]1 ,james & ,john1 ,/rauss says3 ,nei!r w be> ! o!r to prec$e1 or to foll[ x--9 %ort1 !y exclude ea* o!r 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #ccg74 #ajf ,0 ,&rew call$ :5 ,pet] 0 call$8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,he 0 7,matt4 iv1 #ah-bj2 ,m>k i1 #af-ah74 ,accord+ to ,luke1 ,&rew 0 n call$ :5 ,pet] 0 call$1 b aft] he 0 call$4 ,accord+ to ,john 7i1 #ce-db7 ,&rew 0 ! fir/ to foll[ ,jesus4 #ajg ,:o 0 call$ f ! receipt ( cu/om8 ,mat!w3 ,a man nam$ ,mat!w 7ix1 #i74 ,luke3 ,a publican nam$ ,levi 7v1 #bg74 ,or?odox s*ol>s claim t ,mat!w & ,levi are ! same p]son4 ,dr4 ,hooykaas does n believe t !y are ! same1 & does n believe t any "o ( ! ,apo/les 0 call$ f ! receipt ( cu/om4 ,he says3 ,x is 9 reality v unlikely t ,levi & ,mat!w are ! same man1 or t "o ( ! ,twelve 0 a tax-ga!r] 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 iii1 p4 #bja74 #ajh ,:o 0 ! "m ( ,james ! ,less & ,joses8 ,9 ! e>li] p>ts ( _! n>ratives1 ,mat!w 7xiii1 #ee7 & ,m>k 7vi1 #c7 decl>e !m to be sons ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y & bro!rs ( ,jesus4 ,paul 7,gal4 i1 #ai7 affirms t ,james 0 ! bro!r ( ,jesus4 ,lat] ,mat!w 7xxvii1 #ef7 & ,m>k 7xv1 #dj7 /ate t ,james & ,joses 7 sons ( ,m>y1 ! si/] ( ! ,virg94 #aji ,:o 0 _! fa!r8 ,if !y 7 sons ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,joseph mu/ h be5 _! fa!r4 ,b ,mat!w 7x1 #c7 & ,m>k 7iii1 #ah7 /ate t ,james ! ,less 0 ! son ( ,alpheus4 ,accord+ to ,john 7comp>e ,john xix1 #be ) ,mat!w xxvii1 #ef7 ,cleophas 0 _! fa!r4 ,ref]r+ to ?is & ! prec$+ discrepancy1 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ difficult que/ions 9 ! ,gospel hi/ory4 #aaj ,7 ,mat!w & ,james ! ,less bro!rs8 ,x is n admitt$ t !y 74 ,yet x is claim$ t ,mat!w & ,levi 7 ! same2 ,m>k 7ii1 #ad7 decl>es t ,levi 0 ! son ( ,alpheus2 :ile bo? ,mat!w & ,m>k 7,matt4 x1 #c2 ,m>k iii1 #ah7 decl>e t ,james 0 ! son ( ,alpheus4 #aaa ,to :at city did ,john belong1 & :]e 0 x locat$8 ,john3 ,be?saida ( ,galilee 7xii1 #ba74 ,john /ates t ,pet] 0 a resid5t ( ,be?saida 7i1 #dd71 & z ,john & ,pet] 7 p>tn]s 7,luke v1 #aj71 !y mu/ h belong$ to ! same city4 ,b ,be?saida 0 n 9 ,galilee1 b 9 ,gaulonitis4 ,h5ce if ,john wrote ! ,gospel ascrib$ to him1 he did n "k ! location ( 8 own city4 ,x is rem>kable ) :at ease !ologians h>monize ! mo/ discordant /atem5ts4 ,9 ?is case ! only ?+ requir$ 01 9 draw+ ! map ( ,pale/9e1 to make two dots in/ead ( "o & write ! ^w ,be?saida twice4 #aab ,:o 0 ! t5? apo/le8 ,m>k3 ,?addeus 7iii1 #ah74 ,mat!w3 ,lebbeus1 ^: surname 0 ,?addeus 7x1 #c74 ,9 ! e>li] manuscripts ( ,mat!w1 ! words1 ^: surname 0 ,?addeus1 are n to be f\nd4 ,subsequ5t transcrib]s add$ !m to reconcile 8 ,gospel ) ,m>k4 #aac ,h[ _m ( ! apo/les bore ! "n ( ,judas8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,b "o 7,matt4 x1 #a-d2 ,m>k iii1 #ad-ai74 ,luke3 ,two 7vi1 #af74 #aad ,"o ( ^! 0 ,judas ,isc>iot4 ,:o 0 ! o!r8 ,luke 7,old ,v]473 ,! bro!r ( ,james 7vi1 #af74 ,luke 7,new ,v]473 ,! son ( ,james4 #aae ,"n ! *ief apo/les4 ,synoptics3 ,pet]1 ,james & ,john4 ,john3 ,pet] & ,john4 ,9 ! ,synoptics1 ,pet]1 ,james & ,john con/itute an inn] circle or gr\p :o are ) _! ma/] on e important occasion4 ,9 ,john ?is gr\p is limit$ to ,pet] & ,john4 #aaf ,:o 0 ,jesus' favorite apo/le8 ,synoptics3 ,pet]4 ,john3 ,john4 ,f ! ,synoptics ! conclusion is inevitable t if !re 0 "o disciple :om ,jesus e/eem$ high] ?an ! o!rs x 0 ,pet] :om he is decl>$ to h *os5 = ! head ( 8 *ur*4 ,john1 on ! o!r h&1 assum+ t he wrote ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 z claim$1 takes frequ5t occasion to impress u ) ! idea t he 0 ! bright p>ticul> /> 9 ! ,apo/olic galaxy4 ,f\r times 7xiii1 #bc2 xix1 #bf2 xx1 #b2 xxi1 #bj7 he decl>es himself to be ! disciple :om ,jesus lov$4 ,if ,john wrote ! ,f\r? ,gospel ?is self-glorification proves him to h be5 a despicable egoti/2 if he did n write x ! book is a =g]y4 ,! fir/ assumption1 if correct1 impairs its cr$ibility2 ! latt] de/roys its au!nticity4 #aag ,is ! ,apo/le ,james m5tion$ 9 ,john8 ,he is n4 ,?is omission is ! m rem>kable :5 we rememb] t ,james 0 n only "o ( ! *ief apo/les1 b ! bro!r ( ,john4 ,respect+ ?is omission1 ,/rauss says3 ,is x at all probable t ! real ,john w\ld s unbecom+ly neglect ! well-f\nd$ claims ( 8 bro!r ,james to special notice8 & is n su* an omission r indicative ( a late ,hell5i/ic au?or1 :o sc>cely _h he>d ! "n ( ! bro!r s e>ly m>tyr$8 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #cec47 #aah ,:at o!r disciples besides ! ,twelve did ,jesus s5d out8 ,luke3 ,aft] ^! ?+s ! ,"l appo9t$ o!r sev5ty also1 & s5t !m two & two be=e 8 face into e city & place1 :i!r he himself w\ld come 7x1 #a74 ,9 n "o ( ! o!r tw5ty-six books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is ?is important feature ( ,*ri/'s m9i/ry m5tion$4 ,! sev5ty eld]s ( ,moses d\btless sugge/$ x4 ,& ! ,"l came d[n 9 a cl\d1 & spoke unto him ,moses1 & took ( ! _s t 0 ^u him1 & gave x unto ! sev5ty eld]s 7,num4 xi1 #be74 ,sev5ty 0 a sacr$ numb] ) ! ,jews & is ( frequ5t occurr5ce 9 _! writ+s4 ,& all ! s\ls t came out ( ! lo9s ( ,jacob 7 sev5ty s\ls 7,ex4 i1 #e74 ,abimele* _h sev5ty bre?r5 7,jud4 ix1 #ef74 ,ahab _h sev5ty sons 7#b ,k4 x4 #a74 ,isaiah prophesi$ t ,tyre %all be =gott5 sev5ty ye>s 7xxiii1 #ae74 ,j]emiah prophesi$ t ! ,jews 7 to s]ve ! k+ ( ,babylon sev5ty ye>s 7xxv1 #aa74 ,9 ,ezekiel's vision !re /ood be=e ! idols ( ,israel sev5ty m5 ( ! anci5ts ( ! h\se ( ,israel 7viii1 #aa74 ,9 ,daniel's vision sev5ty weeks are det]m9$ ^u ?y p & ^u ! holy city ,j]usalem 7ix1 #bd74 #aai ,:at *>ge did ,jesus make to 8 disciples8 ,g n into ! way ( ! ,g5tiles1 & into any city ( ! ,sam>itans ent] ye n 7,matt4 x1 #e74 ,!n come? he ) 8 disciples to a city ( ,sam>ia 7,john iv1 #e74 ,& he abode !re two days 7#dj74 #abj ,did ,jesus h a habitation ( 8 own8 ,mat!w3 ,& leav+ ,naz>e? he came & dwelt 9 ,cap]naum 7iv1 #ac74 ,m>k3 ,jesus sat at meat 9 8 ,jesus' h\se 7ii1 #ae74 ,luke3 ,& ,jesus said unto him1 ,foxes h holes1 & birds ( ! air h ne/s2 b ! ,son ( man ha? n :]e to lay 8 head 7ix1 #eh74 #aba ,8 resid5ce 9 ,cap]naum 0 9 fulfillm5t ( :at prophecy8 ,mat!w3 ,! l& ( ,zabulon1 & ! l& ( ,neph?ali1 by way ( ! sea1 beyond ,jordan1 ,galilee ( ! ,g5tiles2 ! p :i* sat 9 d>kness saw great light2 & to !m :i* sat 9 ! region & %ad[ ( dea? is light sprung up 7iv1 #ae1 #af74 ,! prophecy :i* ,mat!w pret5ds to quote is 9 ,isaiah 7ix1 #a1 #b71 & reads z foll[s3 ,nev]!less ! dimness %all n be su* z 0 9 h] vexation1 :5 at ! fir/ he lightly afflict$ ! l& ( ,zebulon1 & ! l& ( ,naphtali1 & aft]w>ds did m griev\sly afflict h] by way ( ! sea1 beyond ,jordan1 9 ,galilee ( ! nations4 ,! p t walk$ 9 d>kness h se5 a great light2 !y t dwell 9 ! l& ( ! %ad[ ( dea?1 ^u !m ha? ! light %9$4 ,mat!w bo? misquotes & misapplies ?is passage4 ,he elim9ates ! facts & alt]s ! language to make a ,messianic prophecy4 ,! words 7 n int5d$ z a prophecy4 ,! ev5ts m5tion$ by ,isaiah _h occurr$ :5 he wrote4 ,! great light1 :i* !y _h already se51 ref]r$ to 8 own "w 9 de/roy+ wit*craft & idolatry4 #abb ,7 ,zebulon & ,neph?ali situat$ beyond ,jordan1 z /at$8 ,!y 7 n4 ,beyond ,jordan means ea/ ( ! ,jordan1 :i* =m$ ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( ,pale/9e4 ,zebulon & ,neph?ali 7 bo? situat$ we/ ( ! ,jordan4 #abc ,7 ,pet]1 ,&rew1 ,james & ,john ) ,jesus :5 he taught 9 ! synagogue at ,cap]naum8 ,m>k3 ,!y 7 7i1 #af-ba74 ,luke3 ,!y 7 n2 = !y _h n yet be5 call$ 7iv1 #ca2 v1 #a-aa74 #abd ,did ,jesus p]=m _m miracles 9 ,galilee at ! beg9n+ ( 8 m9i/ry8 ,mat!w3 ,& ,jesus w5t ab\t all ,galilee1 tea*+ 9 _! synagogues1 & prea*+ ! gospel ( ! k+dom1 & heal+ all mann] ( sickness & all mann] ( disease among ! p4 ,& 8 fame w5t ?r\gh\t all ,syria2 & !y br\ght unto him all sick p t 7 tak5 ) div]s diseases & torm5ts1 & ^? :i* 7 possess$ ) devils1 & ^? :i* 7 lunatic1 & ^? t _h ! palsy2 & he heal$ !m 7iv1 #bc1 #bd74 ,m>k3 ,he heal$ _m t 7 sick ) div]s diseases1 & ca/ out _m devils 7i1 #cd74 ,luke3 ,all !y t _h any sick ) div]s diseases br\ght !m unto him2 & he laid 8 h&s on e "o ( !m1 & heal$ !m4 ,& devils also came out ( _m 7iv1 #dj1 #da74 ,john decl>es t 8 cur+ ! nobleman's son 7iv1 #df-ed71 :i* 0 n until ! second mission 9 ,galilee1 0 ! second miracle he p]=m$ !re1 8 miracle at ,cana be+ ! only "o he p]=m$ dur+ ! fir/ p]iod ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,accord+ to ?is ,evangeli/ 7iv1 #de7 all ! notoriety he _h at ?is "t 9 ,galilee1 _h be5 a*iev$1 n by any miracles he _h p]=m$ 9 t c\ntry1 b ?r\gh ! reports ( "s ,galileans :o _h se5 8 works at ,j]usalem 9 ,judea4 ,9 reg>d to ^! conflict+ /atem5ts ( ! ,evangeli/s1 ,f>r> says3 ,at ?is po9t we are aga9 met by difficulties 9 ! *ronology1 :i* are n only s]i\s1 b to ! c]ta9 solution ( :i* !re appe>s to be no clew 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #abd74 #abe ,did he p]=m any miracles be=e he call$ 8 disciples8 ,luke3 ,he did 7iv1 #dj1 #da2 v1 #a-aa74 ,john3 ,& bo? ,jesus 0 call$1 & 8 disciples1 to ! m>riage at ,cana1 :]e he turn$ ! wat] into w9e4444 ,?is beg9n+ ( miracles did ,jesus 9 ,cana 7ii1 #a-aa7 ,luke decl>es t he _h p]=m$ _m miracles be=e ! fir/ disciples 7 call$2 ,john decl>es t 8 disciples _h be5 call$ & 7 ) him :5 he p]=m$ 8 fir/ miracle4 #abf ,:5 0 ! miracul\s draught ( fi%es made8 ,luke3 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 m9i/ry 7v1 #f74 ,john3 ,n until aft] 8 dea? & resurrection 7xxi1 #aa74 #abg ,:at accid5t 0 caus$ by ! enorm\s draught ( fi%es8 ,luke3 ,_! net brake 7v1 #f74 ,john3 ,= all !re 7 s _m1 yet 0 n ! net brok5 7xxi1 #aa74 ,9 ,luke & ,john we h two diff]5t v]sions ( a ,py?agorian leg5d4 ,aft] comp>+ & not+ ! agreem5ts & v>iations ( ! ?ree v]sions ( ! leg5d1 ,/rauss says3 ,if !re be a m9d t1 n p]ceiv+ 9 ! n>ratives we h comp>$ ! f+]-m>ks ( tradition1 & h5ce ! leg5d>y "* ( ^! evangelical anecdotes1 /ill leans to ! hi/orical int]pretation1 :e!r natural or sup]natural2 t m9d mu/ be alike ignorant ( ! true "* bo? ( leg5d & ( hi/ory1 ( ! natural & ! sup]natural 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #cci74 #abh ,h[ long did ! ,jews say x took to build ! temple8 ,=ty & six ye>s 0 ?is temple 9 build+ 7,john ii1 #bj74 ,"o ye> & six mon?s 0 ?is temple 9 build+4 ,josephus 7,b4 xv1 *4 xi7 gives a full acc\nt ( ! build+ ( ! temple4 ,( its comm5cem5t1 he says3 ,& n[ ,h]od1 9 ! eighte5? ye> ( 8 reign1 & aft] ! acts already m5tion$1 und]took a v great "w--t is1 to build ( himself ! temple ( ,god 7sec4 #a74 ,conc]n+ its completion1 he says3 ,b ! temple itself 0 built by ! prie/s 9 a ye> & six mon?s--^u :i* all ! p 7 full ( joy2 & pres5tly !y return$ ?anks1 9 ! fir/ place1 to ,god2 & 9 ! next place1 = ! alacrity ! k+ _h %[n4 ,!y fea/$ & celebrat$ ?is rebuild+ ( ! temple 7sec4 #f74 ,! build+ ( ! temple 0 begun 9 #ai ,b4 ,c42 x 0 f9i%$ & d$icat$ 9 #ag ,b4 ,c4 #abi ,:]e did ,jesus deliv] 8 s-call$ ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt8 ,mat!w3 ,he w5t up into a m\nta9 7v1 #a74 ,luke3 ,he came d[n ) !m1 & /ood 9 ! pla9 7vi1 #ag74 ,bo? ,mat!w & ,luke repres5t him z be+ on a m\nta92 b :ile ,mat!w has him g up into ! m\nta9 to deliv] 8 s]mon1 ,luke has him come d[n out ( ! m\nta9 to deliv] x4 ,9 reg>d to ?is discrepancy1 ! ,dut* !ologian1 ,dr4 ,hooykaas1 says3 ,! ,evangeli/ ,mat!w _h a special motive = fix+ ^u a m\nta9 = ?is purpose4 ,he int5d$ to repres5t ,jesus lay+ d[n ! fundam5tal laws ( ! k+dom ( heav5 z ! c\nt]p>t ( ,moses :o promulgat$ ! con/itution ( ! ,old ,cov5ant f ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,luke1 on ! o!r h&1 n wi%+ ,jesus to be reg>d$ z a second ,moses1 or ano!r lawgiv]1 j z delib]ately makes ! ,ma/] deliv] ?is disc\rse on a pla9 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #ada1 #adb74 #acj ,did he deliv] 8 s]mon sitt+ or /&+8 ,mat!w3 ,he 0 set 7v1 #a74 ,luke3 ,he /ood 7vi1 #ag74 #aca ,repeat ! ,beatitudes :i* are common to bo? ,evangeli/s4 ,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s2 = !irs is ! k+dom ( heav5 7,mat!w v1 #c74 ,bless$ be ye poor2 = y\rs is ! k+dom ( ,god 7,luke vi1 #bj74 ,bless$ are !y t m\rn3 = !y %all be com=t$ 7,mat!w74 ,bless$ are ye t weep n[3 = ye %all laugh 7,luke74 ,bless$ are !y :i* d hung] & ?ir/ aft] righte\sness3 = !y %all be fill$ 7,mat!w74 ,bless$ are ye :i* hung] n[3 = ye %all be fill$ 7,luke74 ,bless$ are ye1 :5 m5 %all revile y1 & p]secute y1 & %all say all mann] ( evil aga9/ y falsely1 = my sake 7,mat!w74 ,bless$ are ye1 :5 m5 %all hate y1 & :5 !y %all sep>ate y f _! company1 & %all reproa* y1 & ca/ out y\r "n z evil = ! ,son ( man's sake 7,luke74 ,rejoice1 & be exce$+ glad3 = great is y\r rew>d 9 heav53 = s p]secut$ !y ! prophets :i* 7 be=e y 7,mat!w74 ,rejoice ye 9 t day1 & leap = joy3 =1 behold1 y\r rew>d is great 9 heav53 = 9 l mann] did _! fa!rs unto ! prophets 7,luke74 ,! agreem5ts betwe5 ! two v]sions ( ?is s]mon1 ( :i* ! =ego+ are a "p1 are ample to prove !m to be reports ( ! same disc\rse2 :ile ! v>iations are c]ta9ly suffici5t to disprove ! infallibility ( ! evangeli/ic report]s4 ,:e!r x be hi/orical or fabricat$--:e!r ,jesus deliv]$ ! s]mon or n--,mat!w & ,luke h giv5 m]ely diff]5t v]sions ( ! same composition4 ,! exordiums are ! same2 ! p]orations are ! same--bo? end ) ! illu/ration ( ! m51 "o ( :om built 8 h\se on a frail1 ! o!r on a firm f\ndation2 ! doctr9es enunciat$ are sub/antially ! same2 :ile ! words 9 :i* !y are clo!d proclaim a common orig94 ,mat!w's v]sion is long] ?an ,luke's2 ei!r ,mat!w has add$ to1 or ,luke has tak5 f ! orig9al report ( ! s]mon4 #acb ,repeat ! ,gold5 ,rule4 ,all ?+s :atsoev] ye w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s to !m3 = ?is is ! law & ! prophets 7,mat!w vii1 #ab2 ,luke vi1 #ca74 ,sev5ty ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 ,hillel1 ! ,jewi% rabbi1 said3 ,d n to o!rs :at y w\ld n h !m d to y4 ,?is is ! sub/ance ( ! law4 ,rabbi ,hirs* says3 ,be=e ,jesus1 ! ,gold5 ,rule 0 "o ( ! h\sehold say+s ( ,israel4 #acc ,repeat ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,accord+ to ,mat!w4 ,old ,v]sion4 ,new ,v]sion4 ,our ,fa!r :i* art 9 heav51 ,our ,fa!r :i* art 9 heav51 ,hall[$ be ?y "n4 ,?y k+dom ,hall[$ be ?y "n4 ,?y come4 ,?y w be done 9 e>?1 z k+dom come4 ,?y w be done1 x is 9 heav54 ,give u ?is day z 9 heav51 s on e>?4 ,give our daily bread4 ,& =give u our u ?is day our daily bread4 ,& debts z we =give our debtors4 ,& =give u our debts1 z we also lead u n into temptation1 b h =giv5 our debtors4 ,& deliv] u f evil3 ,= ?9e is br+ u n into temptation1 ! k+dom1 & ! p[]1 & ! b deliv] u f ! evil glory1 = ev]4 ,am5 7vi1 #i-ac74 "o4 ,accord+ to ,luke4 ,old ,v]sion4 ,new ,v]sion4 ,our ,fa!r :i* art 9 heav51 ,fa!r1 ,hall[$ be ?y "n4 ,hall[$ be ?y "n4 ,?y k+dom ,?y k+dom come4 ,give u day come4 ,?y w be done1 z 9 heav51 by day our daily bread4 ,& s 9 e>?4 ,give u day by day our =give u our s9s2 = we daily bread4 ,& =give u our s9s2 ourselves also =give e = we also =give e "o t is "o t is indebt$ to u4 ,& indebt$ to u4 ,& lead u n into br+ u n into temptation4 temptation3 b deliv] u f evil 7xi1 #b-d74 ,! commonly accept$ v]sion ( ! ,"l's ,pray] is ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion ( ,mat!w4 ,?is v]sion is admitt$ to be grossly inaccurate4 ,x conta9s sixty-six words4 ,! ,revis$ ,v]sion ( ,mat!w conta9s b fifty-five4 ,tw5ty-f\r words ei!r d n belong to ! pray]1 or h be5 misplac$2 :ile words :i* d belong to x h be5 omitt$4 ,if ! cu/odians ( ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures h p]mitt$ ! pray] ( _! ,"l to be corrupt$ to ?is ext5t1 :at reliance c be plac$ ^u ! g5u95ess ( ! rema9d] ( ^! writ+s8 ,! ,"l's ,pray]1 l s _m m ( ! precepts & disc\rses ascrib$ to ,jesus1 is borr[$4 ,dr4 ,h>dwicke1 ( ,engl&1 says3 ,! s-call$ ',"l's ,pray]' 0 le>n$ by ! ,messiah z ! ',kadi%' f ! ,talmud4 ,! ,kadi%1 z translat$ by a ,*ri/ian s*ol>1 ,rev4 ,john ,gregorie1 is z foll[s3 ,our ,fa!r :i* art 9 heav51 be graci\s to u1 ,o ,"l1 our ,god2 hall[$ be ?y "n1 & let ! remembrance ( !e be glorifi$ 9 heav5 above & 9 ! e>? "h bel[4 ,let ?y k+dom reign ov] u n[ & =ev]4 ,! holy m5 ( old said1 ,remit & =give unto all m5 :atsoev] !y h done aga9/ me4 ,& lead u n into temptation1 b deliv] u f ! evil ?+4 ,= ?9e is ! k+dom1 & ?\ %alt reign 9 glory = ev] & = ev]more4 ,! em95t ,swiss !ologian1 ,dr4 ,wet/e91 says3 ,x is a curi\s fact t ! ,"l's ,pray] may be con/ruct$ almo/ v]batim out ( ! ,talmud4 ,! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt is d]iv$ l>gely f ! tea*+s ( ! ,ess5es1 a ,jewi% sect to :i* ,jesus is believ$ by _m to h belong$4 #acd ,:5 & :]e 0 ! ,"l's ,pray] deliv]$8 ,mat!w3 ,dur+ 8 ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 be=e ! multitude4 ,luke3 ,at a lat] p]iod1 be=e ! disciples alone 7xi1 #a74 #ace ,0 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt deliv]$ be=e ,mat!w 7,levi 9 ,m>k & ,luke7 0 call$ f ! receipt ( cu/om8 ,mat!w3 ,x 0 7v1 #g2 ix1 #i74 ,luke3 ,x 0 n 7v1 #bg2 vi1 #bj74 #acf ,:5 did ,jesus cleanse ! lep]8 ,mat!w3 ,aft] ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt 7v1 #a2 viii1 #a-d74 ,luke3 ,be=e ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt 7v1 #ab-ad2 vi1 #bj-di74 #acg ,:5 did he cure ,pet]'s "m-9-law8 ,mat!w3 ,aft] he cleans$ ! lep] 7viii1 #b1 #c2 #ad1 #ae74 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,be=e he cleans$ ! lep] 7,m>k i1 #bi-ca2 #dj-db2 ,luke iv1 #ch1 #ci2 v1 #ab1 #ac74 #ach ,0 ?is be=e or aft] ,pet] 0 call$ to ! m9i/ry8 ,luke3 ,be=e 7iv1 #ch1 #ci2 v1 #aj74 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,aft] 7,matt4 iv1 #ah1 #ai2 viii1 #ad1 #ae2 ,m>k i1 #af1 #ag2 #cj1 #ca74 #aci ,7 ,james & ,john ) ,jesus :5 he p]=m$ ?is cure8 ,m>k3 ,!y 7 7i1 #bi74 ,luke3 ,!y 7 n4 ,!y _h n yet be5 call$ 7iv4 #ch1 #ci2 v1 #aj1 #aa74 #adj ,:5 0 ! c5turion's s]vant heal$8 ,mat!w3 ,betwe5 ! cleans+ ( ! lep] & ! cur+ ( ,pet]'s "m-9-law 7viii1 #b-ad74 ,luke3 ,n until aft] bo? ^! cures _h be5 p]=m$ 7iv1 #ch1 #ci2 v1 #ab1 #ac2 vii1 #a-aj74 #ada ,:o came = ,jesus8 ,mat!w3 ,! c5turion came himself 7viii1 #e74 ,luke3 ,! c5turion did n come himself1 b s5t ! ,jewi% eld]s = him 7vii1 #b-d74 #adb ,:]e 0 he :5 he p]=m$ ?is miracle8 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,9 ,cap]naum 7,matt4 viii1 #e2 ,luke vii1 #a74 ,john3 ,9 ,cana 7iv1 #df74 ,accord+ to ,mat!w & ,luke1 ,jesus 0 9 ,cap]naum :ile ! pati5t liv$ else:]e2 accord+ to ,john1 ,jesus 0 9 ,cana :ile ! pati5t liv$ 9 ,cap]naum4 ,john says he 0 a nobleman's son1 b all critics 7z well z ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,york1 9 8 ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels7 agree t he ref]s to ! same miracle4 #adc ,:5 did he /ill ! tempe/8 ,mat!w3 ,be=e ,mat!w 0 call$ f ! receipt ( cu/om 7viii1 #bc-bg2 ix1 #i74 ,m>k3 ,aft] ,mat!w 7,levi7 0 call$ 7ii1 #ad2 iv1 #ce-da74 #add ,:5 did he ca/ out ! devils t ent]$ into ! h]d ( sw9e8 ,mat!w3 ,be=e ,mat!w 0 call$ to ! m9i/ry 7viii1 #bh1 #cc2 ix1 #i74 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,n until aft] he 0 call$ 7,m>k ii1 #ad2 v1 #a-ac2 ,luke v1 #bg2 viii1 #bf-cc74 #ade ,h[ _m 7 possess$ ) devils8 ,mat!w3 ,!re met him two possess$ ) devils com+ out ( ! tombs 7viii1 #bh74 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,!re met him out ( ! tombs a man ) an unclean _s 7,m>k v1 #b2 ,luke viii1 #bg74 #adf ,:5 ask$ 8 "n :at did ! demoniac answ]8 ,my "n is ,legion 7,m>k v1 #i74 ,conc]n+ ?is ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,giles says3 ,! ,f\r ,gospels are writt5 9 ,greek1 & ! ^w 'legion' is ,lat92 b 9 ,galilee & ,p]ea ! p spoke nei!r ,lat9 nor ,greek1 b ,hebrew1 or a dialect ( x4 ,! ^w 'legion' w\ld be p]fectly un9telligible to ! disciples ( ,*ri/1 & to almo/ ev]ybody 9 ! c\ntry 7,*ri/ian ,records1 p4 #aig74 #adg ,h[ _m sw9e 7 !re8 ,m>k3 ,!y 7 ab\t two ?\s& 7v1 #ac74 ,if ea* hog receiv$ a devil !re mu/ h be5 two ?\s& devils4 ,legion mu/ h be5 a v l>ge man1 or !y 7 v little devils4 #adh ,:]e did ?is occur8 ,mat!w3 ,9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,g]ges5es 7viii1 #bh74 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,gad>5es 7,m>k v1 #a2 ,luke viii1 #bf74 ,x is g5]ally conc$$ by or?odox critics t x occurr$ nei!r 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,g]ges5es nor 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,gad>5es1 b 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,g]as5es4 ,x c\ld n h occurr$ 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,gad>5es because x is said to h occurr$ on ! sea %ore & ,gad>a 0 situat$ sev]al miles f ! sea4 ,voltaire says ! /ory is disprov$ by ! fact t ! ev5t is alleg$ to h tak5 place 9 a c\ntry :]e no sw9e 7 kept4 #adi ,d ! ,evangeli/s all agree 9 reg>d to ! expulsion ( demons by ,jesus8 ,! ,synoptics ab\nd ) ^! miracles3 ,mat!w viii1 #bh-cd2 ix1 #cb-cd2 xv1 #bb-bh2 xvii1 #ad-ba2 ,m>k i1 #ba-bh2 v1 #a-bj2 vii1 #bd-cj2 ix1 #bj-bi2 ,luke iv1 #ca-cg2 viii1 #bf-ci2 ix1 #cg-db4 ,john nev] m5tions !m4 #aej ,:at great miracle did ,jesus p]=m at ,na98 ,luke3 ,n[ :5 he came nigh to ! gate ( ! city1 behold1 !re 0 a dead man c>ri$ out1 ! only son ( 8 "m1 & %e 0 a wid[3 & mu* p ( ! city 0 ) h]4 ,& :5 ! ,"l saw h] he _h compassion on h]1 & said unto h]1 ,weep n4 ,& he came & t\*$ ! bi]3 & !y t b>e him /ood /ill4 ,& he said1 ,"y man1 ,i say unto !e1 ,arise4 ,& he t 0 dead sat up1 & began to speak4 ,& he deliv]$ him to 8 "m 7vii1 #ab-ae74 ,! o!r ,evangeli/s 7 c]ta9ly ignorant ( ?is miracle2 = if !y _h kn[n ( x !y c\ld n h omitt$ x1 z x is ! mo/ important miracle relat$ by a ,synopti/1 &1 ) "o exception1 ! mo/ important ( all ,*ri/'s miracles4 ,a miracle almo/ id5tical ) ?is is relat$ ( ,apollonius4 ,ref]r+ to ! two1 ,baur says3 ,z accord+ to ,luke1 x 0 a "y man1 ! only son ( a wid[1 :o 0 be+ c>ri$ out ( ! city2 s1 9 ,philo/ratus1 x is a "y maid5 already betro!d1 ^: bi] ,apollonius meets4 ,! comm& to set d[n ! bi]1 ! m]e t\*1 & a few words1 are suffici5t "h1 z !re1 to br+ ! dead to life 7,apollonius ( ,tyana & ,*ri/1 p4 #ade74 #aea ,9 _! acc\nts ( 8 cur+ ! p>alytic :at p>5!tical clause is to be f\nd 9 ea* ( ! ,synoptics8 7,!n sai? he to ! sick ( ! palsy7 7,mat!w ix1 #f2 ,m>k ii1 #aj2 ,luke v1 #bd74 ,z ! clause is sup]flu\s1 ?is agreem5t1 in/ead ( furni%+ pro( ( div9e inspiration1 t5ds to prove :at has already be5 affirm$1 t ^! books are n orig9al1 b copi$1 = ! mo/ "p1 f old] docum5ts4 #aeb ,:at effect _h ! tea*+s ( ,jesus ^u ! p8 ,mat!w3 ,!y 7 a/oni%$ at 8 doctr9e 7xxii1 #cc74 ,m>k3 ,!y 7 a/oni%$ at 8 doctr9e 7i1 #bb74 ,luke3 ,!y 7 a/oni%$ at 8 doctr9e 7iv1 #cb74 #aec ,:at did he say to ! p 9 reg>d to lett+ _! light %9e8 ,no man1 :5 he ha? light$ a c&le1 putte? x 9 a secret place1 nei!r "u a bu%el1 b on a c&le /ick 7,luke1 ,old ,v]41 xi1 #cc74 ,no man1 :5 he ha? light$ a lamp1 putte? x 9 a cell>1 nei!r "u ! bu%el1 b on ! /& 7,new ,v]474 #aed ,:at did he say conc]n+ ! way t leads to life8 ,/rait is ! gate1 & n>r[ is ! way1 :i* leade? unto life 7,mat!w1 ,old ,v]41 vii1 #ad74 ,n>r[ is ! gate1 & /rait5$ ! way1 t leade? unto life 7,new ,v]474 ,! ,old ,v]sion has a /rait gate & a n>r[ way2 ! ,new ,v]sion a n>r[ gate & a /rait way4 #aee ,quote ! words :i* relate ! call+ ( ,pet]4 ,john3 ,he ,&rew fir/ f9de? 8 own bro!r ,simon1 & sai? unto him1 ,we h f\nd ! ,messias1 :i* is be+ int]pret$ ! ,*ri/4 ,& he br\ght him to ,jesus4 ,& :5 ,jesus beheld him1 he said1 ,?\ art ,simon ! son ( ,jona3 ?\ %alt be call$ ,cephas1 :i* is by int]pretation1 ,a /one 7i1 #da1 #db74 ,! la/ clause ( ea* is an int]polation4 #aef ,:]e 0 ,john baptiz+ :5 ,jesus & 8 disciples came into ,judea8 ,john3 ,9 ,a5on ne> to ,salim 7iii1 #bb1 #bc74 ,?is is decl>$ by ne>ly all critics to be a geographical error4 ,no place correspond+ to ?is exi/$ 9 ,judea4 #aeg ,:at city ( ,sam>ia did ,jesus visit8 ,john3 ,!n come? he to a city ( ,sam>ia :i* is call$ ,sy*> 7iv1 #e74 ,sam>ia conta9$ no city ( ?is "n4 ,bible comm5tators believe t ,%e*em is int5d$4 #aeh ,:at did 8 disciples say to him :5 ab\t to leave ,be?any8 ,ma/]1 ! ,jews ( late s\ght to /one !e 7,john xi1 #h74 ,! disciples 7 !mselves ,jews1 & ! above is n ! language ( a ,jew speak+ ( 8 own p1 b ( a =eign]4 #aei ,:]e 0 he :5 he d9$ ) publicans & s9n]s8 ,m>k3 ,at 8 own h\se4 ,z ,jesus sat at meat 9 8 h\se1 _m publicans & s9n]s sat also toge!r ) ,jesus & 8 disciples 7ii4 #ae74 ,luke3 ,at ! h\se ( ,levi4 ,& ,levi made him a great fea/ 9 8 own h\se2 & !re 0 a great company ( publicans & ( o!rs t sat d[n ) !m 7v1 #bi74 #afj ,:at did ! ,ph>isees say to 8 disciples1 because !y1 ) ,jesus1 d9$ ) publicans & s9n]s8 ,:y d ye eat & dr9k ) publicans & s9n]s8 7,luke v1 #cj47 ,:y eate? y\r ma/] ) publicans & s9n]s8 7,mat!w ix1 #aa47 #afa ,:o inquir$ ( ,jesus ! reason = 8 disciples n fa/+8 ,mat!w3 ,!n came to him ! disciples ( ,john1 say+1 ,:y d we & ! ,ph>isees fa/ (t1 b ?y disciples fa/ n8 7ix1 #ad47 ,luke3 ,& !y ! scribes & ,ph>isees said unto him1 :y d ! disciples ( ,john fa/ (t51 444 & likewise ! disciples ( ! ,ph>isees2 b ?9e eat & dr9k8 7v1 #cc47 #afb ,:at did he say :5 reprov$ = pluck+ ! e>s ( corn on ! ,sabba?8 ,h ye nev] read :at ,david did8444 ,h[ he w5t into ! h\se ( ,god 9 ! days ( ,abia?>1 ! high prie/1 & did eat ! %ew bread8 7,m>k ii1 #be1 #bf47 ,david did n d ?is 9 ! days ( ,abia?>1 b 9 ! days ( ,ahimele*4 ,!n came ,david to ,nob to ,ahimele* ! prie/4444 ,s ! prie/ gave him hall[$ bread2 = !re 0 no bread !re b ! %ew bread 7#a ,sam4 xxi1 #a1 #f74 #afc ,:at did he claim reg>d+ ,moses8 ,he ,moses wrote ( me 7,john v1 #df74 ,! passage ref]r$ to is quot$ 9 ,acts iii1 #bb1 & may be f\nd 9 ,deut]onomy xviii1 #ae4 ,x alludes to ,jo%ua1 ! successor ( ,moses4 ,! ,"l ?y ,god w raise up unto !e a prophet f ! mid/ ( !e1 ( ?y bre?r5 l unto me2 unto him ye %all he>k54 ,_h ,jesus be5 omnisci5t he w\ld h kn[n t ,moses did n write ?is2 t x 0 n writt5 until ne>ly #hjj ye>s aft] ! "t ( ,moses4 #afd ,jesus is cr$it$ ) hav+ rais$ ! daught] ( ,jairus f ! dead4 ,0 %e really dead8 ,mat!w3 ,jairus said1 ,my daught] is ev5 n[ dead 7ix1 #ah74 ,m>k3 ,he said1 ,my little daught] lie? at ! po9t ( dea? 7v1 #bc74 ,luke3 ,x 0 report$ t %e lay a dy+ 7viii1 #db74 ,accord+ to ,mat!w1 9 ?is miracle he re/or$ ! dead to life2 accord+ to ,m>k & ,luke1 he m]ely heal$ ! sick4 #afe ,:o ( ,*ri/'s disciples witness$ ! rais+ ( ,jairus' daught]8 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,pet]1 ,james & ,john 7,m>k v1 #cg-dj2 ,luke viii1 #ea74 ,john1 :o alone ( 8 alleg$ biograph]s is said to h witness$ ?is miracle1 is ! only "o :o fails to m5tion x4 ,a prop] witness is sil5t1 :ile an improp] witness te/ifies4--,bi%op ,fau/us4 #aff ,:at did ,jesus say :5 s5d+ out 8 ,twelve ,apo/les8 ,he t receive? y receive? me1 & he t receive? me receive? him t s5t me 7,mat!w x1 #dj2 ,luke x1 #af74 ,accord+ to ,john 7xiii1 #bj7 ^! words 7 utt]$ n at ! beg9n+ ( 8 m9i/ry z /at$ by ,mat!w & ,luke1 b at ! ,la/ ,supp]2 reg>d+ :i* ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,x is cle> t its ins]tion "h is a mi/ake4 #afg ,:at comm& did he give !m respect+ ! provision ( /aves8 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,!y 7 n to provide !mselves ) /aves4 ,provide nei!r gold1 nor silv]1 nor brass 9 y\r purses1 nor scrip = y\r j\rney1 nei!r two coats1 nei!r %oes1 nor yet /aves 7,matt4 x1 #i1 #aj2 ,luke ix1 #c74 ,m>k3 ,comm&$ !m t !y %\ld take no?+ = _! j\rney1 save a /aff only 7vi1 #h74 #afh ,:5 ! ,sam>itans refus$ to receive him :at 0 said8 ,luke3 ,& :5 8 disciples ,james & ,john saw ?is1 !y said1 ,"l1 wilt ?\ t we comm& fire to come d[n f heav51 & consume !m ev5 z ,elias did8 ,b he turn$ & rebuk$ !m1 & said1 ,ye "k n :at mann] ( _s ye are (4 ,= ! ,son ( man is n come to de/roy m5's lives1 b to save !m4 ,& !y w5t to ano!r village 7ix1 #ed-ef74 ,x is conc$$ by ! be/ ,*ri/ian s*ol>s t ! words z ,elias did & all t foll[1 except+ he turn$ & rebuk$ !m1 are spuri\s4 #afi ,:at did ,jesus say to ! multitude conc]n+ ,john ! ,bapti/8 ,f ! days ( ,john ! ,bapti/ until n[ ! k+dom ( heav5 suff]e? viol5ce 7,mat!w xi1 #ab74 ,! words1 f ! days ( ,john ! ,bapti/ until n[1 signify t a long p]iod ( "t _h elaps$ s9ce ! days ( ,john4 ,yet1 on ! v day t ,jesus is said to h utt]$ !m1 he receiv$ a visit f ! disciples ( ,john1 :o 0 /ill liv+ 7,mat!w xi1 #b1 #c74 #agj ,^: rejection ( him provok$ ! decl>ation1 ,a prophet is n )\t honor1 save 9 8 own c\ntry8 ,mat!w3 ,& :5 he came into 8 own c\ntry ,galilee1 he taught !m 9 _! synagogue1 444 & !y 7 (f5d$ 9 him4 ,b ,jesus said unto !m1 ,a prophet is n )\t honor1 save 9 8 own c\ntry 7xiii1 #ed-eg74 ,john3 ,he dep>t$ !nce1 he _h come f ,judea & ,sam>ia & w5t into ,galilee4 ,= ,jesus himself te/ifi$1 t a prophet ha? no honor 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,!n :5 he 0 come into ,galilee1 ! ,galileans receiv$ him 7iv1 #dc-de74 ,accord+ to ,mat!w1 he 0 )\t honor 9 ,galilee2 accord+ to ,john1 he w5t to ,galilee because he 0 )\t honor 9 ,judea4 ,accord+ to ,mat!w ! ,galileans reject$ him2 accord+ to ,john ! ,galileans receiv$ him4 ,accord+ to ,mat!w1 ,galilee 0 8 own c\ntry2 accord+ to ,john1 ,judea 0 8 own c\ntry4 ,reg>d+ ^! contradictory /atem5ts1 ,scott1 9 8 ,engli% ,life ( ,jesus 7p4 #aad71 says3 ,! ,synopti/s 9 e case give a special reason = 8 leav+ ,galilee1 :ile ! f\r? gospel is equally c>eful 9 specify+ ! reason = 8 leav+ ,j]usalem4 ,accord+ to ! =m]1 ,jesus w\ld n h left ,galilee if he c\ld h avoid$ x2 accord+ to ! latt]1 he w\ld h rema9$ at ,j]usalem if he c\ld h done s ) safety4 ,! inconsi/5cy is gl>+4 #aga ,:5 he came into 8 own c\ntry & taught 9 ! synagogue :at did ! p say8 ,m>k3 ,is n ?is ! c>p5t]8 7vi1 #c47 ,mat!w3 ,is n ?is ! c>p5t]'s son8 7xiii1 #ee47 #agb ,:5 ,h]od he>d ( 8 wond]ful works1 :at did he say8 ,?is is ,john ! ,bapti/2 he is ris5 f ! dead 7,mat!w xiv1 #b74 ,"h1 e>ly 9 ,*ri/'s m9i/ry1 ! tetr>* ( ,galilee is repres5t$ z ent]ta9+ ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( a bodily resurrection4 #agc ,:5 & = :at reason 0 ,john behead$8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,b :5 ,h]od's bir?day 0 kept1 ! daught] ( ,h]odias ,salome danc$ be=e !m1 & pleas$ ,h]od4 ,:]eupon he promis$ ) an oa? to give h] :atsoev] %e w\ld ask4 ,& %e1 be+ be=e in/ruct$ ( h] "m1 said1 ,give me "h ,john ,bapti/'s head 9 a *>g]4 ,& ! k+ 0 sorry3 nev]!less = ! oa?'s sake1 & !m :i* sat ) him at meat1 he comm&$ x to be giv5 h]4 ,& he s5t1 & behead$ ,john 9 ! prison4 ,& 8 head 0 br\ght 9 a *>g]1 & giv5 to ! damsel3 & %e br\ght x to h] "m 7,matt4 xiv1 #f-aa2 ,m>k vi1 #ba-bh74 ,?is acc\nt ( ! dea? ( ,john is utt]ly at v>iance ) t giv5 9 ,josephus4 ,?is hi/orian1 assum+ ! passage relat+ to ,john to be g5u9e1 says3 ,h]od1 :o fe>$ le/ ! great influ5ce ,john _h ov] ! p might put x into 8 p[] & incl9ation to raise rebellion 7= !y seem$ to d any?+ he %\ld advise71 ?\ght x be/ by putt+ him to dea?1 to prev5t any mis*ief he might cause1 & n br+ himself into difficulties1 by sp>+ a man :o might make him rep5t ( x :5 x %\ld be too late4 ,accord+ly he 0 s5t a prison]1 out ( ,h]od's suspici\s temp]1 to ,ma*]us1 ! ca/le ,i be=e m5tion$1 & 0 !re put to dea? 7,antiquities1 ,b4 xviii1 *4 v1 sec4 #b74 ,ma*]us1 :]e ,josephus /ates t ,john 0 execut$1 0 a place f> remov$ f ,h]od's capital--0 outside ( 8 dom9ions--9 ,arabia ,petrea4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,evangeli/ic acc\nt ( ,john's dea?1 ,dr4 ,hooykaas says3 ,?is em95tly dramatic /ory c]ta9ly _c be accept$ z x /&s4 ,x betrays too mu* art 9 its /rik+ contra/s betwe5 ! mann]s ( ! c\rt & ! p]son ( ! prophet4 ,we h already se5 t ! occasion ( ,john's imprisonm5t is n correctly giv5 by ! ,gospels4 ,t su* a man z ,h]od 'delight$ 9 he>+' ,john is1 to say ! lea/1 an exagg]ation4 ,! gha/ly sc5e 9 :i* ! prophet's head is c>ri$ into ! fe/ive hall may n be q impossible 9 su* an age & at su* a c\rt1 b x is h>dly probable4 ,x is easy to see t ,h]odias is drawn aft] ! model ( ,ahab's wife1 :o hat$ & p]secut$ ! fir/ ,elijah2 & ,salome is evid5tly copi$ f ,e/h]1 = %e1 too1 visits ! pr9ce by surprise1 captivates him by h] beauty1 obta9s a promise ( any?+ up to ! half ( 8 k+dom1 & at ! fe/ive bo>d dem&s ! dea? ( h] enemy z ! royal boon 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 iii1 p4 #bgb74 #agd ,:o 0 ,h]odias8 ,synoptics3 ,8 ,h]od's bro!r ,philip's wife 7,matt4 xiv1 #c2 ,m>k vi1 #ag2 ,luke iii1 #ai74 ,h]odias 0 a gr&-daught] ( ,h]od ! ,great1 & m>ri$ h] uncle ,h]od1 ! dis9h]it$ son ( ,h]od ! ,great4 ,%e subsequ5tly m>ri$ ,antipas1 ! ,h]od :o is said to h put ,john to dea?4 ,h]od's bro!r ,philip 7,tetr>* ( ,tra*onitis & ,gaulonitis7 0 n ! son ( ,m>ianne1 z ! fir/ husb& ( ,h]odias 01 b ! son ( ,cleopatra4 ,philip's wife 0 ,salome1 ! daught] ( ,h]odias4 ,! daught] ( ,h]odias1 in/ead ( be+ a damsel danc+ at ! c\rt ( ,h]od1 z ! ,synoptics decl>e1 0 at ?is "t ! wife ( an ag$ rul] ( a =eign prov9ce4 ,accord+ to ,:i/on1 %e became a wid[ 9 ! v ye> 9 :i* ,john di$4 ,h]odias 0 n ! wife1 b ! "m-9-law ( ,h]od's bro!r ,philip4 ,:i/on1 9 8 translation ( ,josephus1 attempts to gloss ov] ! ,synoptics' error by ins]t+ 9 brackets aft] ,h]od ! ^w ,philip4 ,scribn]s' ,bible ,diction>y conc$es ! error & acc\nts = x ,by suppos+ t !re is a confusion betwe5 ! fir/ husb& & ! son-9-law ( ,h]odias1 = h] daught] ,salome m>ri$ ,philip ! tetr>*4 #age ,:at is said ( ! numb]s baptiz$ by ,jesus & 8 disciples z comp>$ ) ^? baptiz$ by ,john8 ,john3 ,! ,ph>isees _h he>d t ,jesus made & baptiz$ m disciples ?an ,john4 7,?\gh ,jesus himself baptiz$ n1 b 8 disciples47 7iv1 #a1 #b47 ,mat!w 7iii1 #e7 & ,m>k 7i1 #e7 decl>e t ,john _h baptiz$ ,j]usalem & all ,judea4 ,x is admitt$1 bo? 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t & by ,*ri/ians1 t ,jesus made b few conv]ts dur+ 8 lifetime1 & to ass]t or intimate t he & 8 disciples baptiz$ m ?an ,john is prepo/]\s4 #agf ,:o furni%$ ! loaves & fi%es ) :i* ! multitude 9 ! des]t 0 f$8 ,synoptics3 ,! disciples 7,matt4 xiv1 #ae-ag2 ,m>k vi1 #ce-ch2 ,luke ix1 #ab1 #ac74 ,john3 ,a lad 7vi1 #i74 #agg ,h[ _m 7 f$8 ,m>k3 ,& !y t did eat ( ! loaves 7 ab\t five ?\s& m5 7vi1 #dd74 ,mat!w3 ,& !y t _h eat5 7 ab\t five ?\s& m51 beside wom5 & *ildr5 7xiv1 #ba74 #agh ,:]e did ?is miracle occur8 ,luke3 ,9 a des]t place belong+ to ! city call$ ,be?saida 7ix1 #aj74 ,m>k says t aft] ! miracle ,he con/ra9$ 8 disciples to get into a %ip1 & to g to ! o!r side be=e unto ,be?saida 7vi1 #de74 ,if ! miracle 0 p]=m$ 9 a place belong+ to ! city ( ,be?saida1 z /at$ by ,luke1 !y did n cross ! sea to rea* ,be?saida1 z /at$ by ,m>k4 #agi ,aft] fe$+ ! five ?\s& :at did ,jesus d8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,he s5t ! multitudes away 7,matt4 xiv1 #bb2 ,m>k vi1 #de74 ,john3 ,he did n s5d ! multitude away1 b )drew himself into a m\nta9 7vi1 #ae74 #ahj ,= :at purpose did he g to ! m\nta98 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,& :5 he _h s5t ! multitudes away1 he w5t up into a m\nta91 ap>t to pray 7,matt4 xiv1 #bc2 ,m>k vi1 #df74 ,john3 ,:5 ,jesus !re=e p]ceiv$ t !y ! multitude w\ld come & take him by =ce1 to make him a k+1 he dep>t$ aga9 into a m\nta9 alone 7vi1 #ae74 ,mat!w & ,m>k say no?+ ab\t ! attempt to make him k+2 ,john says no?+ ab\t 8 pray+4 #aha ,7 8 disciples ) him8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,& /raightway ,jesus con/ra9$ 8 disciples to get into a %ip1 & to g be=e him unto ! o!r side1 :ile he s5t ! multitude away4 ,& :5 he _h s5t ! multitudes away1 he w5t up into a m\nta9 ap>t to pray2 & :5 ! ev5+ 0 come1 he 0 !re alone4 ,b ! %ip 0 n[ 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea 7,matt4 xiv1 #bb-bd2 ,m>k vi1 #de-dg74 ,luke3 ,& x came to pass1 z he 0 alone pray+1 8 disciples 7 ) him 7ix1 #ah74 ,mat!w & ,m>k s5d 8 disciples ahead 9 a %ip to make room = 8 miracle ( walk+ on ! sea1 a miracle t ,luke kn[s no?+ (4 #ahb ,to :at port did he comm& 8 disciples to sail8 ,m>k3 ,unto ,be?saida 7vi1 #de74 ,pursuant to ?is comm& t[>d :at place did !y /e]8 ,john3 ,t[>d ,cap]naum 7vi1 #ag74 ,:]e did ?is br+ !m8 ,mat!w3 ,into ! l& ( ,g5nes>et 7xiv1 #cd74 #ahc ,jesus himself is said to h foll[$ !m on foot4 ,:]e did he ov]take !m8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! sea 7,matt4 xiv1 #bd-bf2 ,m>k vi1 #dg1 #dh74 ,john3 ,z !y 7 ne>+ ! l& 7vi1 #ai-ba74 ,accord+ to ,john1 he walk$ entirely across ! sea2 accord+ to ,mat!w & ,m>k1 b half way across4 ,*ri/'s walk+ on ! sea 0 probably sugge/$ by ,job 7ix1 #h71 :o says ,god treade? ^u ! waves ( ! sea1 or1 accord+ to ! ,septuag9t1 walk+ ^u ! sea z ^u a pavem5t4 #ahd ,:at rem>kable feat 0 attempt$ on ! trip8 ,mat!w3 ,& :5 ,pet] 0 come d[n out ( ! %ip1 he walk$ on ! wat]1 to g to ,jesus4 ,& :5 he saw ! w9d boi/]\s1 he 0 afraid2 & beg9n+ to s9k1 he cri$1 say+1 ,"l save me4 ,& imm$iately ,jesus /ret*$ =? 8 h&1 & caught him 7,matt4 xiv1 #bi-ca74 ,m>k & ,john1 :o relate ) mu* p>ticul>ity ! ev5ts ( ?is voyage1 d n m5tion ,pet]'s adv5ture4 ,probably !y _h good reason = omitt+ x4 ,a pr(ane m9d might make a je/ ( an apo/le 'half seas ov]1' & ridicule an apo/olic gate-keep] :o c\ldn't keep 8 head above wat]4--,bradlaugh4 #ahe ,:at did ! ,jews say to ,jesus respect+ 8 ,messianic mission8 ,se>* & look3 = out ( ,galilee arise? no prophet 7,john vii1 #eb74 ,se>* & look2 = out ( ,galilee arose "s ( _! greate/ prophets1 ,jonah1 ,hosea1 ,nahum & ,elijah4 ,x may be urg$ t x is ! ,jews :o give expression to ! error2 b x is pla9 ! ,evangeli/ accepts ! /atem5t z true4 #ahf ,:at notable incid5t occurr$ at ,j]usalem8 ,john3 ,! release by ,jesus ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y 7vii1 #ec2 viii1 #a-aa74 ,?is is popul>ly reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ admirable acts 9 ,*ri/'s m9i/ry4 ,9 ! ,new ,v]sion ! twelve v]ses relat+ x are decl>$ by ! ,ox=d revis]s to be an int]polation4 #ahg ,9 ! miracle ( re/or+ ! sight ( ! man born bl9d1 :at did he tell ! man to d8 ,g wa% 9 ! pool ( ,siloam 7,john ix1 #g74 ,! ,"l s5t ! bl9d man to wa%1 n 91 z our v]sion has x1 b at ! pool ( ,siloam2 = x 0 ! clay f 8 eyes t 0 to be wa%$ (f4--,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y4 #ahh ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,siloam8 ,john3 ,:i* is by int]pretation1 ',s5t' 7ix1 #g74 ,:i* is n by int]pretation s5t1 b aqu$uct4 #ahi ,:o provok$ ! displeasure ( ! ,ph>isees by eat+ ) unwa%$ h&s8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,! disciples ( ,jesus 7,matt4 xv1 #a1 #b2 ,m>k vii1 #a1 #b74 ,luke3 ,jesus himself 7xi1 #cg1 #ch74 #aij ,( :at nationality 0 ! woman :o desir$ ,jesus to ca/ ! devil out ( h] daught]8 ,mat!w3 ,a woman ( ,canaan 7xv1 #bb74 ,m>k3 ,! woman 0 a ,greek 7vii1 #bf74 #aia ,:at did 8 disciples say :5 he express$ 8 int5tion ( fe$+ ! f\r ?\s&8 ,m>k3 ,& 8 disciples answ]$ him1 ,f :5ce c a man satisfy ^! m5 ) bread "h 9 ! wild]ness8 ,& he ask$ !m1 ,h[ _m loaves h ye8 ,& !y said1 ,sev5 7viii1 #d1 #e74 ,:y %\ld !y be surpris$ at 8 int5tion ( fe$+ f\r ?\s& ) sev5 loaves :5 b a few weeks be=e he _h f$ five ?\s& ) five loaves8 ,9 reg>d to ?is miracle ,rev4 ,william ,s&ay1 ( ,engl&1 au?or ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! mo/ important article 9 ,scribn]s' ,bible ,diction>y1 says3 ,are ! two ,fe$+s ( ,m>k to be reg>d$ z two ev5ts or "o8 ,besides ! g5]al resemblance betwe5 ! two n>ratives1 a weighty argum5t 9 favor ( ! latt] hypo!sis is1 t 9 ! second n>rative ! disciples' "q implies t ! em]g5cy 0 some?+ new4 ,!y c\ld h>dly h put ?is "q z !y did if a simil> ev5t _h happ5$ only a few weeks be=e4 ,?is is also ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,s*lei]ma*]4 #aib ,aft] fe$+ ! f\r ?\s& :]e did he come8 ,mat!w 7,old ,v]473 ,came into ! coa/s ( ,magdala 7xv1 #ci74 ,mat!w 7,new ,v]473 ,came into ! bord]s ( ,magadan4 #aic ,:]e does ,m>k say he came8 ,came into ! p>ts ( ,dalmanu?a 7viii1 #aj74 ,criticis+ ?is /atem5t1 ! ,bible = ,le>n]s says3 ,m>k makes him j\rney /ill f>!r nor?1 ?r\gh ! di/rict ( ,sidon1 & !n turn s\!a/ to ! lake ( ,galilee1 pass "s way d[n its ea/]n %ore app>5tly1 & f9ally take %ip & cross 9 a s\?we/]ly direction to ,dalmanu?a1 :]e we meet him once aga94 ,b ! ,evangeli/'s geography is op5 to suspicion1 & we are incl9$ to lay ^! app>5tly purposeless w&]+s ( ,jesus to ! acc\nt ( ,m>k's want ( accuracy 7,vol4 iii1 p4 #bhb74 #aid ,:at did he say to ! ,ph>isees :o ask$ = a sign8 ,!re %all no sign be giv5 unto ?is g5]ation 7,m>k viii1 #ab74 ,!re %all no sign be giv5 unto x1 b ! sign ( ! prophet ,jonas 7,mat!w xvi1 #d74 #aie ,on ! way to ,caes>ea ,philippi :at rem>kable discov]y 0 made by ,pet]8 ,mat!w3 ,he ,jesus ask$ 8 disciples1 say+1 ,:om d m5 say t ,i ! ,son ( ,man am8 ,& !y said1 ,"s say t ?\ art ,john ! ,bapti/3 "s ,elias2 & o!rs1 ,j]emias1 or "o ( ! prophets4 ,he sai? unto !m1 ,b :om say ye t ,i am8 ,& ,simon ,pet] answ]$ & said1 ,?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,& ,jesus answ]$ & said unto him1 ,bless$ art ?\1 ,simon ,b>-jona2 = fle% & blood ha? n reveal$ x unto !e1 b my ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav5 7xvi1 #ac-ag74 ,accord+ to ,mat!w1 ,jesus is a/oni%$ at ! discov]y ( ,pet] & attributes x to a revelation f ,heav54 ,yet previ\s to ?is1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ,pet]1 accord+ to ! same writ]1 ! o!r disciples _h decl>$ him to be ! ,son ( ,god 7,mat!w xiv1 #cc74 #aif ,! ,synoptics all decl>e t ! ,messiah%ip ( ,jesus 0 n reveal$ to 8 disciples until late 9 8 m9i/ry4 ,is ?is true8 ,john3 ,x is n4 ,x 0 kn[n to !m at ! beg9n+ ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,be=e ,pet] 0 call$ ,&rew said1 ,we h f\nd ! ,messias1 :i* is1 be+ int]pret$1 ! ,*ri/ 7i1 #da74 ,on ! foll[+ day ,na?anael said to ,jesus1 ,?\ art ! ,son ( ,god2 ?\ art ! ,k+ ( ,israel 7#di74 #aig ,:5 did ! ,transfiguration take place8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,six days aft] ! disc\rse 9 :i* he ann\nc$ 8 second com+ 7,matt4 xvii1 #a2 ,m>k ix1 #b74 ,luke3 ,ab\t an eight days aft] ^! say+s 7ix1 #bh74 #aih ,0 ! c\nt5ance ( ,jesus *ang$8 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,x 04 ,& 8 face did %9e z ! sun1 & 8 raim5t 0 :ite z ! light 7,matt4 xvii1 #b74 ,! fa%ion ( 8 c\nt5ance 0 alt]$1 & 8 raim5t 0 :ite & gli/5+ 7,luke ix1 #bi74 ,m>k3 ,! appe>ance ( 8 raim5t only 0 *ang$4 ,& 8 raim5t became %9+1 exce$+ :ite z sn[ 7ix1 #c74 #aii ,:5 did ,pet] propose build+ ! ?ree tab]nacles to ,jesus1 ,moses & ,elias8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,:ile ,moses & ,elias 7 yet ) !m 7,matt4 xvii1 #c1 #d2 ,m>k ix1 #d-h74 ,luke3 ,aft] !y _h dep>t$ 7ix1 #cc74 #bjj ,:at did ! voice f ! cl\ds decl>e8 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,?is is my belov$ ,son2 he> ye him 7,m>k ix1 #g2 ,luke ix1 #ce74 ,mat!w3 ,?is is my belov$ ,son1 9 :om ,i am well pleas$1 he> ye him 7xvii1 #e74 ,luke's acc\nt ( ! ,transfiguration diff]s 9 _m respects f t ( ,mat!w & ,m>k4 ,luke says t ,jesus w5t up into ! m\nta9 to pray2 ,mat!w & ,m>k make no m5tion ( ?is4 ,luke says ! disciples 7 asleep :5 ,moses & ,elias appe>$4 ,accord+ to ,mat!w & ,m>k !y 7 awake4 ,luke says t ,moses & ,elias spake ( 8 decease4 ,mat!w & ,m>k d n "k :at !y talk$ ab\t4 #bja ,:o witness$ ! ,transfiguration8 ,synoptics3 ,pet]1 ,james & ,john 7,matt4 xvii1 #a2 ,m>k ix1 #b2 ,luke ix1 #bh74 ,x is rem>kable t ,mat!w1 ,m>k & ,luke1 :o did n witness ! ,transfiguration1 are ! only ones to report x2 :ile ,john1 :o is decl>$ to h witness$ x1 kn[s no?+ ab\t x4 ,conc]n+ ?is & o!r ev5ts :i* ,john is said to h witness$1 ,greg says3 ,all ! ev5ts said to h be5 witness$ by ,john alone are omitt$ by ,john alone4 ,?is fact seems fatal ei!r to ! reality ( ! ev5ts 9 "q or to ! g5u95ess ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel4 ,reg>d+ ?is subject ,scott says3 ,by "s s+ul> fatality ! writ] ( ! f\r? gospel seems incapable ( describ+ any "o incid5t 9 ! life ( ,jesus z ! ,synoptics h describ$ x4444 ,x is h>d to believe t we are read+ n>ratives :i* pr(ess to relate ! life ( ! same p]son4444 ,if !n 9 ^! p>ticul>s1 ! ,synoptic ,gospels are correct1 ! ,johann9e v]sion ( ! ev5ts is pure fiction2 & if ! latt] be tak5 z ! true acc\nt1 no dep5d5ce :atev] c be plac$ ^u ! =m] 7,life ( ,jesus1 pp4 #bei-bfc74 #bjb ,comp>e ! acc\nt ( ! ,transfiguration ( ,jesus ) ! acc\nt ( ,moses at ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,mat!w4 ,exodus4 ,& aft] six days ,jesus take? ,!n w5t up ,moses1 & ,a>on1 ,pet]1 ,james1 & ,john 8 ,nadab & ,abihu 7xxiv1 #i74 bro!r1 & br+e? !m up into a high m\nta9 ap>t1 ,& ,moses w5t up into ! m\nt1 & a cl\d cov]$ ! m\nt4 ,& 0 transfigur$ be=e !m1 & 8 face did %9e z ! sun1 ,& ! glory ( ! ,"l abode & 8 raim5t 0 :ite z ! ^u ,m\nt ,s9ai1 & ! cl\d light 7xvii1 #a1 #b74 cov]$ x six days2 & ! sev5? day he call$ unto ,moses ,:ile he yet spake1 behold1 a out ( ! mid/ ( ! cl\d4 bright cl\d ov]%ad[$ !m2 & behold a voice out ( ! ,& ! sight ( ! glory ( ! cl\d1 etc4 7#e74 ,"l 0 l dev\r+ fire 7#ae-ag74 ,we h 9 ea* acc\nt a prophet & ?ree companions2 9 ea* ! p]sons m5tion$ g up into a m\nta92 9 ea* !re is a sup]natural brightness2 9 ea* an ov]%ad[+ cl\d2 9 ea* a cele/ial voice speak+ out ( ! cl\d2 9 ea* ,moses is a prom95t figure2 9 ea* a p]iod ( six days is m5tion$4 #bjc ,:at occurr$ imm$iately aft] ! ,transfiguration8 ,mat!w3 ,8 disciples ask$ him1 say+1 ,:y !n say ! scribes t ,elias mu/ fir/ come8 ,& ,jesus answ]$ & said unto !m1 ,elias truly %all fir/ come1 & re/ore all ?+s4 ,b ,i say unto y1 t ,elias is come already & !y "k him n4444 ,!n ! disciples und]/ood t he spake unto !m ( ,john ! ,bapti/ 7xvii1 #aj-ac74 ,x is q natural t ! writ+ ( "o /ory conc]n+ ,elias %\ld sugge/ ano!r2 b reason =bids ! acceptance ( bo? z true4 ,if ,elias 0 se5 & recogniz$ at ! m\nta91 z /at$1 ! above conv]sation did n foll[ t appe>ance4 #bjd ,:at ail$ ! man's son :om ,jesus cur$ aft] ! ,transfiguration8 ,mat!w 7,old ,v]473 ,he 0 a lunatic 7xvii1 #ae74 ,mat!w 7,new ,v]473 ,he 0 an epileptic4 ,m>k3 ,he _h a dumb _s 7ix1 #ag74 #bje ,:5 ! au?orities at ,cap]naum dem&$ tribute ( ,jesus :at did he comm& ,pet] to d8 ,g ?\ to ! sea1 & ca/ an hook1 & take up ! fi% t fir/ come? up2 & :5 ?\ ha/ op5$ 8 m\?1 ?\ %alt f9d a piece ( money2 t take1 & give unto !m = me & !e 7,mat!w xvii1 #bg74 ,mat!w does n v5ture to say t ,pet] 0 successful1 d\btless recogniz+ ! fact t !re ought to be limits ev5 to a fi% /ory4 ,reg>d+ ?is /ory ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* says3 ,x is rem>kable1 & is a solit>y in/ance ( ! k9d1 t ! issue ( ?is bidd+ is n told u4 ,dr4 ,f>r> says3 ,i agree ) ! le>n$ & ?\ghtful ,ol%aus5 9 reg>d+ ?is z ! mo/ difficult to compreh5d ( all ! gospel miracles 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #bhh74 #bjf ,:at 0 ! nature ( ! tribute dem&$8 ,x 0 an annual tax1 kn[n z ! temple s]vice tax1 a tax f :i* no ,jew1 ri* or poor1 0 exempt4 ,reg>d+ ! "t & mann] ( its collection1 ,f>r> says3 ,on ! #a/ ( ,ad>1 ! dem& 0 made quietly & civilly2 if1 h[ev]1 x _h n be5 paid by ! #be?1 !n x seems t ! collectors ( ! contribution 7tobh9 %ekalim7 might take a security = x f ! default] 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #bhe74 ,! tax 0 always collect$ 9 ! e>ly spr+4 ,yet accord+ to ,mat!w x 0 collect$ f ,jesus 9 ! autumn1 j be=e ! fea/ ( tab]nacles4 ,ei!r ,mat!w 0 ignorant ( ! "t ( its collection1 or ,jesus 0 a default]4 ,nor is ?is ! only difficulty ne$+ explanation4 ,x is assum$ t ,pet] secur$ ! co9 9 ! mann] direct$4 ,if s1 h[ did x come into exi/5ce8 ,did ,jesus miracul\sly create x8 ,if s1 he 0 a c\nt]feit]4 ,0 x a lo/ co98 ,9 ?is case1 if he 0 omnisci5t1 z claim$1 he knew ! own] & %\ld h re/or$ x4 #bjg ,aft] leav+ ,galilee :]e did ,jesus g8 ,mat!w3 ,into ! coa/s ( ,judea beyond ,jordan 7xix1 #a74 ,! ,jordan be+ ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( ,judea1 no coa/s ( ,judea exi/$ beyond x4 #bjh ,9 go+ to ,j]usalem to att5d 8 la/ ,passov]1 :at r\te did he take8 ,luke3 ,he pass$ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ,sam>ia 7xvii1 #aa74 ,m>k3 ,he come? into ! coa/s ( ,judea by ! f>!r side ( ! ,jordan 7x1 #a74 ,two entirely diff]5t r\tes4 ,z ! prov9ce ( ,sam>ia lay betwe5 ^? ( ,galilee & ,judea1 ! direct r\te f ,galilee to ,j]usalem 0 ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ,sam>ia4 ,! or?odox ,jews1 h[ev]1 9 ord] to avoid ! ,sam>itans1 :om !y ?or\ghly despis$1 usually cross$ ! ,jordan1 :i* =m$ ! b\nd>y ( ! ?ree prov9ces1 came d[n on ! ea/ side ( ! riv] ?r\gh ,p]ea1 recross$ ! riv]1 & ?us ent]$ into ! coa/s ( ,judea f ! f>!r side ( ,jordan4 #bji ,:at city did he pass ?r\gh on 8 way to ,j]usalem8 ,luke3 ,& ,jesus ent]$ & pass$ ?r\gh ,j]i*o 7xix1 #a74 ,luke "h contradicts 8 previ\s /atem5t t he pass$ ?r\gh ! mid/ ( ,sam>ia1 = ,j]i*o 0 n on ! r\te f ,sam>ia1 b on ! r\te f ,p]ea by way ( ! f>!r side ( ,jordan1 ! r\te :i* ,m>k decl>es he took4 #baj ,:at miracle did he p]=m on ! way8 ,luke3 ,z he ent]$ into a c]ta9 village1 !re met him t5 m5 t 7 lep]s1 :i* /ood af> (f2 & !y lift$ up _! voices1 & said1 ,jesus1 ,ma/]1 h m]cy on u4 ,& :5 he saw !m1 he said unto !m1 ,g %ew y\rselves to ! prie/s4 ,& x came to pass1 t1 z !y w5t1 !y 7 cleans$ 7xvii1 #ab-ad74 ,! o!r ,evangeli/s d n m5tion ?is miracle4 ,conc]n+ x ! ,bible = ,le>n]s says3 ,x is an unsuccessful imitation ( ! acc\nt we h already exam9$ ( ! heal+ ( a lep]4 ,x is absolutely unhi/orical 7,vol4 iii1 p4 #caj74 #baa ,0 x "o or two bl9d m5 t sat by ! wayside besee*+ him to heal !m8 ,m>k3 ,bl9d ,b>timeus1 ! son ( ,timeus1 sat by ! highway side begg+4 ,& :5 he he>d t x 0 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 he began to cry out1 & say1 ,jesus1 ?\ son ( ,david1 h m]cy on me 7x1 #df1 #dg74 ,luke3 ,a c]ta9 bl9d man sat by ! wayside begg+3 444 ,& he cri$1 say+1 ,jesus1 ?\ son ( ,david1 h m]cy on me 7xviii1 #ce1 #ch74 ,mat!w3 ,two bl9d m5 sitt+ by ! wayside1 :5 !y he>d t ,jesus pass$ by1 cri$ out1 say+1 ,h m]cy on u1 ,o ,"l1 ?\ son ( ,david 7xx1 #cj74 #bab ,:at inquiry did ! disciples make reg>d+ ! cause ( ! man's bl9dness8 ,ma/]1 :o did s91 ?is man1 or 8 p>5ts1 t he 0 born bl9d8 7,john ix1 #b74 ,reg>d+ ?is1 ,mrs4 ,evans1 9 h] ,*ri/ ,my? 7p4 #ee71 says3 ,su* a sugge/ion has no mean+ :5 utt]$ by a ,jew1 b to a believ] 9 ! transmigration ( s\ls ! qu]y w\ld be natural & p]t95t1 & ! /ory appe>s to be a modification ( a well-kn[n ,buddhi/ic p>able4 #bac ,:5 did ?is occur8 ,luke3 ,z he 0 come nigh into ,j]i*o 7xviii1 #ce74 ,mat!w3 ,z !y sep>at$ f ,j]i*o 7xx1 #bi74 ,m>k3 ,z he w5t out ( ,j]i*o 7x1 #df74 ,m>k agrees ) ,luke & disagrees ) ,mat!w z to ! numb] ( m51 & agrees ) ,mat!w & disagrees ) ,luke z to ! "t ( its occurr5ce4 #bad ,:at did ,jesus say reg>d+ divorce8 ,m>k3 ,& he sai? unto !m1 ,:osoev] %all put away 8 wife & m>ry ano!r1 committe? adult]y aga9/ h]4 ,& if a woman %all put away h] husb&1 & be m>ri$ to ano!r1 %e committe? adult]y 7x1 #aa1 #ab74 ,?is 0 writt5 by "o acqua9t$ ) ! ,roman1 b n ) ! ,jewi% law4 ,! ,jewi% law did n recognize ! "r ( a wife to put away h] husb& = any cause :atev]4 ,mat!w 7v1 #ca1 #cb7 & ,luke 7xvi1 #ah7 knew bett]4 #bae ,accord+ to ,m>k he said1 ,:osoev] %all put away 8 wife1 & m>ry ano!r1 committe? adult]y4 ,:at did he say accord+ to ,mat!w8 ,:osoev] %all put away 8 wife1 except x be = =nication1 & %all m>ry ano!r1 committe? adult]y 7xix1 #i74 ,?is is a notable discrepancy4 ,accord+ to ,m>k if a husb& divorce 8 wife = any cause :atev] he _c lawfully m>ry ano!r4 ,accord+ to ,mat!w if he divorce 8 wife = =nication he c lawfully m>ry aga94 #baf ,9 8 conv]sation ) ! ri* man :at comm&m5ts did he prescribe8 ,d n commit adult]y1 ,d n kill1 ,d n /eal1 ,d n be> false witness1 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m 7,luke xviii1 #bj74 ,d n commit adult]y1 ,d n kill1 ,d n /eal1 ,d n be> false witness1 ,defraud n1 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m 7,m>k x1 #ai74 ,?\ %alt d no murd]1 ,?\ %alt n commit adult]y1 ,?\ %alt n /eal1 ,?\ %alt n be> false witness1 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m2 &1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself 7,mat!w xix1 #ah1 #ai74 ,no two ( ! ,synoptics agree4 ,m>k & ,mat!w ea* give a comm&m5t n giv5 by ei!r ( ! o!rs4 #bag ,:at great miracle did he p]=m at ,be?any8 ,john3 ,! rais+ ( ,laz>us f ! dead4 ,!n said ,jesus unto !m pla9ly1 ,laz>us is dead 7xi1 #ad74 ,jesus !re=e aga9 groan+ 9 himself come? to ! grave4 ,x 0 a cave1 & a /one lay ^u x4 ,jesus said1 ,take ye away ! /one4 ,m>?a1 ! si/] ( him t 0 dead1 sai? unto him1 ,"l1 by ?is "t he /9ke?2 = he ha? be5 dead f\r days 7#ch1 #ci74 ,!n !y took away ! /one f ! place :]e ! dead 0 laid4 ,& ,jesus lift$ up 8 eyes1 & said1 ,fa!r1 ,i ?ank !e t ?\ ha/ he>d me 7#da74 ,& :5 he ?us _h spok51 he cri$ ) a l\d voice1 ,laz>us1 come =?4 ,& he t 0 dead came =?1 b\nd h& & foot ) grave clo!s 7#dc1 #dd74 ,! ,synoptics make no m5tion ( ?is miracle2 & z x is ! greate/ miracle ascrib$ to ,jesus x 0 c]ta9ly unkn[n to !m4 ,comm5t+ on ! d\btful "* ( alleg$ ev5ts n>rat$ by "o ,evangeli/ & omitt$ by ! o!rs1 ,/rauss says3 ,b ?is gr\nd ( d\bt falls ) incomp>ably great] weight1 on ! n>rative ( ! resurrection ( ,laz>us 9 ! f\r? gospel4 ,if ! au?ors or collectors ( ! ?ree fir/ gospels knew ( ?is1 !y c\ld n1 = m ?an "o reason1 avoid introduc+ x into _! writ+s4 ,=1 fir/1 ( all ! resuscitations effect$ by ,jesus1 nay1 ( all 8 miracles1 ?is resurrection ( ,laz>us1 if n ! mo/ wond]ful1 is yet ! "o 9 :i* ! m>vel\s pres5ts itself ! mo/ obvi\sly & /rik+ly1 & :i*1 !re=e1 if its hi/orical reality c be e/abli%$1 is a preem95tly /rong pro( ( ! extraord9>y end[m5ts ( ,jesus z a div9e mess5g]2 :5ce ! evangeli/s1 al?\gh !y _h relat$ "o or two o!r in/ances ( ! k9d1 c\ld n ?9k x sup]flu\s to add ?is also4 ,b1 secondly1 ! resurrection ( ,laz>us _h1 accord+ to ! repres5tation ( ,john1 a direct influ5ce 9 ! developm5t ( ! fate ( ,jesus2 = we le>n f xi1 #dg ff41 t ! increas$ resort to ,jesus1 & ! cr$it :i* ?is ev5t procur$ him1 l$ to t consultation ( ! ,sanh$rim 9 :i* ! sangu9>y c\nsel ( ,caiaphas 0 giv5 & approv$4 ,?us ! ev5t _h a d\ble importance--pragmatical z well z dogmatical2 consequ5tly1 ! synoptical writ]s c\ld n h fail$ to n>rate x1 _h x be5 )9 _! k 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #edh74 ,ref]r+ to ?is miracle & ! re/oration ( ! sight ( ! man born bl9d1 ,pr(4 ,newman says3 ,t ! ?ree fir/ n>rators %\ld h be5 ignorant ( !m is simply impossible2 t !y %\ld n h felt _! preem95t value is incr$ible 7,religion n ,hi/ory1 p4 #bg74 ,!re are ?ree alleg$ in/ances 9 ! ,gospels ( ,*ri/ re/or+ ! dead to life4 #a4 ,! rais+ ( ! daught] ( ,jairus f h] dea? b$1 relat$ by ,mat!w4 #b4 ,! rais+ ( ! son ( ! wid[ ( ,na9 f 8 bi] z !y 7 c>ry+ him to ! grave1 relat$ by ,luke4 #c4 ,! rais+ ( ,laz>us f 8 grave aft] he _h la9 f\r days1 relat$ by ,john4 ,ev5 if ^! miracles 7 possible "o fact disproves !m3 ! sil5ce ( ! o!r ,evangeli/s4 ,( ^! ?ree /ories n "o is confirm$ by ano!r ,evangeli/4 ,8 less important miracles1 su* z heal+ ! sick1 are1 _m ( !m1 record$ 9 all ( ! gospels1 or at lea/ 9 all ( ! ,synoptics2 yet ea* ( ^!1 8 greate/ miracles1 /&s alone1 unnotic$ by ! o!r writ]s4 ,m>k & ,luke m5tion ! daught] ( ,jairus1 b only to d5y ! miracle by decl>+ t %e 0 n dead4 ,_h ^! miracles really be5 p]=m$1 all ( ! ,evangeli/s w\ld h _h a k ( !m1 & all w\ld h record$ !m4 ,^! writ]s d n complem5t ea* o!r1 z claim$3 !y exclude ea* o!r4 ,!re are _m ,lives ( ,napoleon2 b n "o ( 8 biograph]s has se5 fit to omit 8 greate/ victories because "s o!r biograph] has n>rat$ !m4 #bah ,:o 0 x reque/$ t ,james & ,john might sit1 "o on ! "r & ! o!r on ! left h& ( ,jesus 9 8 k+dom8 ,mat!w3 ,%e _! "m said unto him1 ,grant t ^! my two sons may sit1 ! "o on ?y "r h&1 & ! o!r on ! left1 9 ?y k+dom 7xx1 #ba74 ,m>k3 ,!y ,james & ,john said unto him1 ,grant unto u t we may sit1 "o on ?y "r h&1 & ! o!r on ?y left1 9 ?y glory 7x1 #cg74 #bai ,:o occupies a seat at ! left h& ( ,jesus8 ,m>k3 ,god 7xvi1 #ai74 ,! mode/y ( ! =ego+ reque/ is app>5t4 ,zeb$ee's family 7 evid5tly try+ to play a %>p game on ,jesus1 & get a fir/ mortgage on 8 ,fa!r's ?rone4 #bbj ,:at did ,jesus affirm 9 reg>d to ! mu/>d se$8 ,:i* inde$ is ! lea/ ( all se$s2 b :5 x is gr[n is ! greate/ among ! h]bs 7,mat!w xiii1 #cb74 ,a mu/>d se$ is n ! lea/ ( all se$s2 nei!r is ! plant ! greate/ among h]bs4 #bba ,) fai? z l>ge z a gra9 ( mu/>d se$1 :at did he say 8 disciples c\ld d8 ,if ye h fai? z a gra9 ( mu/>d se$1 ye %all say unto ?is m\nta91 ,remove h5ce to yond] place & x %all remove 7,mat!w xvii1 #bj74 ,if ye _h fai? z a gra9 ( mu/>d se$1 ye might say unto ?is sycam9e tree1 ,be ?\ pluck$ up by ! root1 & be ?\ plant$ 9 ! sea2 & x %\ld obey y 7,luke xvii1 #f74 #bbb ,9 ! p>able ( ! ,great ,fea/ :at 0 ! "* ( ! fea/8 ,mat!w3 ,a w$d+ d9n] 7xxii1 #d74 ,luke3 ,a great supp] 7xiv1 #af74 #bbc ,:om did ! giv] ( ! fea/ s5d to invite ! gue/s8 ,mat!w3 ,8 s]vants 7#c74 ,luke3 ,8 s]vant 7#ag74 ,su* errors may be consid]$ trivial & _! notice capti\s2 b infallible writ+s d n conta9 ev5 trivial errors4 #bbd ,:at befell ! s]vants1 or s]vant8 ,mat!w3 ,& ! remnant took 8 s]vants1 & entreat$ !m spitefully1 & slew !m 7#f74 ,luke3 ,! s]vant return$ unh>m$ 7#ba74 #bbe ,:at did ! giv] ( ! fea/ decl>e respect+ ^? :o refus$ to att5d8 ,t none ( ^? m5 :i* 7 bidd5 %all ta/e my supp] 7xiv1 #bd74 ,z !y _h already decl9$ to d s1 ! =ce ( ! int]diction is n app>5t4 #bbf ,relate ! circum/ances connect$ ) ! att5dance ( ! gue/ :o wore no w$d+ g>m5t4 ,mat!w3 ,!n sai? he to 8 s]vants1 ,! w$d+ is ready1 b !y :i* 7 bidd5 7 n wor?y4 ,g ye !re=e into ! highways1 & z _m z ye %all f9d1 bid to ! m>riage4444 ,& :5 ! k+ came 9 to see ! gue/s1 he saw !re a man :i* _h n on a w$d+ g>m5t2 & he sai? unto him1 ,fri5d1 h[ came/ ?\ 9 hi!r n hav+ a w$d+ g>m5t8 ,& he 0 spee*less 7xxii1 #h-ab74 ,! relator ( ?is incid5t1 :i* is omitt$ by ,luke1 w\ld h u suppose t ! frequ5t]s ( ! highways w5t clad 9 w$d+ g>m5ts4 ,! p>ables ( ,jesus are decl>$ to be p]fect models ( ,lit]>y composition1 & fill$ ) lessons ( div9e wisdom4 ,a few ( !m possess "s lit]>y m]it2 b ! mo/ ( !m are faulty4 ,!y conta9 _m que/ionable e?ical tea*+s2 !y are illogically con/ruct$2 ! imag]y is unnatural1 & ! language crude4 #bbg ,9 ! p>able ( ! ,wick$ ,husb&m5 did ! own] ( ! v9ey>d s5d "o s]vant1 or m ?an "o1 ea* "t to collect ! r5t8 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,he s5t b "o 7,m>k xii1 #b-e2 ,luke xx1 #aj-ab74 ,mat!w3 ,he s5t m ?an "o 7xxi1 #cc-cf74 #bbh ,:at happ5$ to ! s]vants8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,"s ( !m 7 kill$4 ,luke3 ,!y 7 beat5 & s5t away1 b none 7 kill$4 #bbi ,9 ! p>able ( ! ,tal5ts h[ did ! ma/] apportion 8 money8 ,mat!w3 ,he gave to ! fir/ s]vant five tal5ts1 to ! second two1 to ! ?ird1 "o 7xxv1 #ae74 ,luke3 ,he gave to ea* "o p\nd 7xix1 #ac74 #bcj ,:at 0 _! ga98 ,mat!w3 ,ea* d\bl$ 8 money 7#af1 #ag74 ,luke3 ,! fir/ increas$ 8 t5fold1 ! second fivefold 7#af1 #ah74 #bca ,:at did ! unpr(itable s]vant d ) ! money entru/$ to him8 ,mat!w3 ,he digg$ 9 ! e>?1 & hid 8 "l's money 7xxv1 #ah74 ,luke3 ,he said1 ,"l1 behold1 "h is ?y p\nd1 :i* ,i h kept laid up 9 a napk9 7xix1 #bj74 #bcb ,:at are ! conclud+ words ( ,jesus 9 ?is p>able8 ,= unto e "o t ha? %all be giv53 444 b f him t ha? n %all be tak5 away ev5 t :i* he ha?4 ,& ca/ ye ! unpr(itable s]vant into out] d>kness3 !re %all be weep+ & gna%+ ( tee? 7,mat!w xxv1 #bi1 #cj74 ,t unto e "o :i* ha? %all be giv52 & f him t ha? n1 ev5 t he ha? %all be tak5 away f him4 ,b ^? m9e enemies1 :i* w\ld n t ,i %\ld reign ov] !m1 br+ hi!r1 & slay !m be=e me 7,luke xix1 #bf1 #bg74 #bcc ,9 ! lawy]'s int]view ) ,jesus1 :o 0 x1 ! lawy]1 or ,jesus1 t /at$ ! two great comm&m5ts8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,jesus4 ,!n "o ( !m1 :i* 0 a lawy]1 ask$ him a "q1 tempt+ him1 say+1 ,ma/] :i* is ! great comm&m5t 9 ! law8 ,jesus said unto him1 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l1 & ) all ?y m9d4 ,?is is ! fir/ & great comm&m5t4 ,& ! second is l unto x1 ,?\ %alt love ?y neighbor z ?yself 7xxii1 #ce-ci74 ,luke3 ,! lawy]4 ,&1 behold1 a c]ta9 lawy] /ood up1 & tempt$ him1 say+1 ,ma/]1 :at %all ,i d to inh]it et]nal life8 ,he said unto him1 ,:at is writt5 9 ! law8 h[ reade/ ?\8 ,& he ! lawy] answ]+ said1 ,?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l1 & ) all ?y /r5g?1 & ) all ?y m9d2 & ?y neighbor z ?yself 7x1 #be-bg74 #bcd ,& aft] t !y dur/ n ask him any que/ions4 ,aft] :at8 ,mat!w3 ,aft] 8 controv]sy ) ! ,ph>isees respect+ ,david & ,*ri/ 7xxii1 #da-df74 ,m>k3 ,aft] 8 conv]sation ) ! scribe reg>d+ ! comm&m5ts 7xii1 #bh-cg74 ,luke3 ,aft] confut+ ! ,sadducees 9 reg>d to ! resurrection 7xx1 #bg-dj74 #bce ,did 8 controv]sy conc]n+ ,david & ,*ri/ take place ) ! ,ph>isees1 z /at$ by ,mat!w8 ,luke3 ,x did n4 ,x 0 ) c]ta9 ( ! scribes 7xx1 #ci74 #bcf ,:]e 0 ,jesus on ! day prec$+ 8 triumphal entry into ,j]usalem8 ,john3 ,) ,laz>us at ,be?any 7?ree miles f ,j]usalem7 7xii1 #a-ae74 ,luke3 ,) ,zac*eus ne> ,j]i*o 7tw5ty miles f ,j]usalem7 7xix1 #a-dj74 #bcg ,prep>atory to 8 triumphal entry :at comm& did he give 8 disciples8 ,g ye into ! village ov] aga9/ y2 9 ! :i* at y\r ent]+ ye %all f9d a colt ti$1 :]eon yet nev] man sat3 loose him1 & br+ him hi!r 7,luke xix1 #cj74 ,g into ! village ov] aga9/ y1 & /raightway ye %all f9d an ass ti$1 & a colt ) h]3 loose !m1 & br+ !m unto me 7,mat!w xxi1 #b74 #bch ,did he ride bo? animals8 ,mat!w3 ,he did4 ,& ! disciples w5t1 & did z ,jesus comm&$ !m1 & br\ght ! ass1 & ! colt1 & put on !m _! clo!s1 & !y set him !reon 7#f1 #g74 ,! eque/rian feat ( 8 rid+ two asses1 a l>ge "o & a small "o1 at ! same "t1 mu/ h height5$ ! effect ( ?is sublime pageant4 ,mat!w is cont9ually see+ d\ble4 ,9 ! demoniac ( ,gad>a he sees two demoniacs2 9 ! bl9d man by ! wayside he sees two m52 & 9 o!r in/ances :]e ! o!r ,evangeli/s see b "o p]son or ?+ he sees two4 #bci ,! rid+ ( two asses by ,jesus 0 9 fulfillm5t ( :at prophecy8 ,mat!w3 ,& ?is 0 done1 t x might be fulfill$ :i* 0 spok5 by ! prophet1 say+1 ,tell ye ! daught] ( ,sion1 ,behold1 ?y ,k+ come? unto !e1 meek1 & sitt+ ^u an ass1 & a colt ! foal ( an ass 7xxi1 #d1 #e74 ,mat!w's r5d]+ ( ?is passage 7,ze*>iah ix1 #i7 arises f a misund]/&+ ( ! mean+ ( its words4 ,! prophet1 or poet1 does n mean two asses1 b "o2 ! clause a colt ! foal ( an ass1 is m]ely a poetical repetition or qualification ( ! prec$+ clause4 ,?is blund] ( ,mat!w is significant4 ,x exposes ! fictiti\s "* ( ?is s-call$ ,gospel hi/ory4 ,x proves t ,*ri/'s triumphal entry into ,j]usalem is n a hi/orical ev5t--t ?is /ory is a pure fabrication1 sugge/$ by ?is alleg$ prophecy4 #bdj ,:5 did ,jesus purge ! temple8 ,synoptics3 ,at ! close ( 8 m9i/ry1 a few days be=e 8 dea? 7,mat!w xxi1 #ab-af2 ,m>k xi1 #ae-ah2 ,luke xix1 #de-dh74 ,john3 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 m9i/ry1 ?ree ye>s be=e 8 dea? 7ii1 #ac-bb74 ,orig5 d\bt$ ! occurr5ce ( ?is ev5t1 believ+ x to be a m]e allegory4 #bda ,:5 did he curse ! fig tree8 ,mat!w3 ,aft] he purg$ ! temple 7xxi1 #ab-ai74 ,m>k3 ,be=e he purg$ ! temple 7xi1 #ab-ae74 #bdb ,:5 0 ! tree discov]$ by 8 disciples to be )]$8 ,mat!w3 ,z soon z curs$ 7#ai74 ,m>k3 ,n until ! next morn+ 7#ac-bj74 #bdc ,m>k says t he visit$ ! tree = ! purpose ( obta9+ figs4 ,:y did ! tree conta9 no fruit8 ,m>k3 ,because ! "t ( figs 0 n yet 7#ac74 ,?is 0 be=e ! ,passov] :i* occurr$ 9 ,m>* or ,april4 ,9 t "p ( ,pale/9e :]e ! miracle is said to h be5 p]=m$ ! bocore1 or e>ly fig1 rip5$ its fir/ crop dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,june2 :ile ! k]mus1 or fig prop]1 rip5$ 9 ,augu/4 ,:at a spectacle6 ,an omnisci5t ,god se>*+ = figs 9 ,m>*1 & disappo9t$ at n f9d+ !m--creat+ a tree to be> fruit 9 ! summ] & curs+ x = n be>+ 9 ! spr+6 #bdd ,:at did ,jesus accuse ! ,jews ( do+8 ,mat!w3 ,( hav+ sla9 prophets & wise m51 among !m ,za*>ias son ( ,b>a*ias 7xxiii1 #ce74 ,! ,za*>ias m5tion$ 0 sla9 9 ,j]usalem1 #fi ,a4 ,d42 s t ,mat!w makes ,jesus ref] to an ev5t t occurr$ =ty ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,ref]r+ to ?is passage1 ! ,ca?olic s*ol>1 ,dr4 ,hug1 says3 ,!re _c be a d\bt1 if we att5d to ! "n1 ! fact & its circum/ances1 & ! object ( ,jesus 9 cit+ x1 t x 0 ! same ,za*>ias ,b>\*os1 :o1 accord+ to ,josephus1 a %ort "t be=e ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 0 unju/ly sla9 9 ! temple4 ,comm5t+ on ?is passage1 ,pr(4 ,newman says3 ,!re is no o!r man kn[n 9 hi/ory to :om ! v]se c allude4 ,if s1 x %[s h[ late1 h[ ignorant1 h[ ra%1 is ! compos] ( a text pass$ (f on u z sacr$ tru? 7,religion n ,hi/ory1 p4 #df74 #bde ,repeat 8 lam5tation conc]n+ ,j]usalem's rejection ( him4 ,o ,j]usalem1 ,j]usalem1 ?\ t kille/ ! prophets1 & /one/ !m :i* are s5t unto !e1 h[ (t5 w\ld ,i h ga!r$ ?y *ildr5 toge!r1 ev5 z a h5 ga!re? h] *ick5s "u h] w+s1 & ye w\ld n6 7,mat!w xxiii1 #cg2 ,luke xiii1 #cd47 ,:]e 0 he :5 he utt]$ ?is lam5tation8 ,mat!w3 ,dur+ 8 visit at ,j]usalem4 ,luke3 ,9 ,galilee be=e he w5t to ,j]usalem4 ,n only are ^! writ]s at v>iance ) ea* o!r z to ! "t & place ( utt]ance1 b ! lam5tation itself1 :i* decl>es t he _h made repeat$ ef=ts to conv]t ,j]usalem1 is at v>iance ) bo? ( !m4 ,= accord+ to ,mat!w he _h j arriv$ on 8 fir/ visit to ,j]usalem1 :ile accord+ to ,luke he _h nev] yet1 dur+ 8 m9i/ry1 visit$ ,j]usalem4 #bdf ,:o ano9t$ ,jesus8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,a woman 7,matt4 xxvi1 #g2 ,m>k xiv1 #c74 ,luke3 ,a s9ful woman 7vii1 #cg74 ,john3 ,m>y1 ! si/] ( ,laz>us 7xii1 #c74 ,luke's s9ful woman is recogniz$ z ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,f>r> says3 ,9 ! popul> consci\sness %e w till ! end ( "t be id5tifi$ ) ! ,magdal5e4 ,mat!w & ,m>k's woman may be h>moniz$ ) ei!r ,m>y ,magdal5e or ,m>y ! si/] ( ,laz>us2 b ,luke & ,john are irreconcilable4 #bdg ,:]e did %e put ! o9tm5t8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,on 8 head 7,matt4 xxvi1 #g2 ,m>k xiv1 #c74 ,luke & ,john3 ,on 8 feet 7,luke vii1 #ch-df2 ,john xii1 #c74 #bdh ,:]e did ?is occur8 ,mat!w1 ,m>k & ,john3 ,9 ,be?any 7,matt4 xxvi1 #f2 ,m>k xiv1 #c2 ,john xii1 #a74 ,luke3 ,9 ,na9 7vii1 #aa-cg74 #bdi ,at ^: h\se did x occur8 ,synoptics3 ,at ! h\se ( ,simon 7,matt4 xxvi1 #f1 #g2 ,m>k xiv1 #c2 ,luke vii1 #cf-dj74 ,john3 ,at ! h\se ( ,laz>us 7xii1 #a-c74 #bej ,:o 0 ,simon8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,a lep] 7,matt4 xxvi1 #f2 ,m>k xiv1 #c74 ,luke3 ,a ,ph>isee 7vii1 #ci-dj74 #bea ,at :at "t dur+ 8 m9i/ry did ?is ano9t+ occur8 ,mat!w1 ,m>k & ,john3 ,at ! close ( 8 m9i/ry 7,matt4 xxvi1 xxvii2 ,m>k xiv2 ,john xii74 ,luke3 ,e>ly 9 8 m9i/ry 7vii1 #cf-ej74 #beb ,did x occur be=e or aft] 8 triumphal entry8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,aft] 7,matt4 xxi1 #a-aa1 xxvi1 #f-ac2 ,m>k xi1 #a-aa1 xiv1 #c-i74 ,john3 ,be=e 7xii1 #a-ae74 #bec ,h[ _m days be=e ! ,passov] did x occur8 ,m>k3 ,two days 7xiv1 #a-c74 ,john3 ,six days 7xii1 #a-c74 ,! prima facie view w\ld c]ta9ly be t ! ano9t+ at ,be?any 0 plac$ by ,m>k two days & by ,john six days be=e ! ,passov]4--,scribn]'s ,bible ,diction>y4 #bed ,:o object$ to ?is app>5t wa/e ( ! o9tm5t8 ,mat!w3 ,8 disciples 7xxvi1 #h1 #i74 ,john3 ,judas ,isc>iot 7xii1 #d1 #e74 ,^! diff]5t v]sions ( ! ano9t+ ( ,jesus pres5t s _m discrepancies t "s h suppos$ t two or m ano9t+s 7 made4 ,! ,ar*bi%op ( ,york1 ! mo/ popul> ( ,gospel h>moni/s1 conc$es t b "o ano9t+ 0 made4 ,aft] an exhau/ive review ( ! case1 ,/rauss says3 ,)\t d\bt1 we h "h b "o hi/ory "u ?ree v>i\s =ms2 & ?is seems to h be5 ! real conclusion ( ,orig51 z well z rec5tly ( ,s*lei]ma*]4 #bee ,:ile ,jesus 0 at ,j]usalem !re came a voice f heav54 ,= :at purpose 0 ! voice s5t8 ,john3 ,= ! sake ( ^? :o /ood by4 ,jesus answ]$ & said1 ,?is voice came n because ( me1 b = y\r sakes 7xii1 #cj74 ,( :at b5efit 0 ! voice :5 ^? :o he>d x 7 unable to di/+ui% x f ?und]8 ,! p !re=e1 t /ood by & he>d x1 said t x ?und]$ 7#bi74 ,! ,evangeli/s relate sev]al in/ances ( cele/ial voices be+ he>d4 ,z !re is1 9 ne>ly e in/ance1 a disagreem5t 9 reg>d to ! message convey$1 x is probable t an electrical di/urbance inspir$ ! voice1 :ile a vivid imag9ation int]pret$ its mean+4 ,reg>d+ ^! voices1 ! ,duke ( ,som]set says3 ,a belief 9 ^! heav5ly voices 0 a common sup]/ition among ! ,jews4 #bef ,:5 did ! ,la/ ,supp] take place8 ,synoptics3 ,on ! ,passov] 7,matt4 xxvi1 #ah-bj2 ,m>k xiv1 #af-ah2 ,luke xxii1 #ac-ae74 ,john3 ,on ! day prec$+ ! ,passov]4 ,luke says3 ,& !y made ready ! passov]4 ,& :5 ! h\r 0 come1 he sat d[n1 & ! twelve apo/les ) him4 ,& he said unto !m1 ,) desire ,i h desir$ to eat ?is passov] ) y be=e ,i suff]4 ,john1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! ,la/ ,supp]1 says x 0 be=e ! fea/ ( ! passov] 7xiii1 #a74 ,! ,evangeli/s all agree t 8 trial & execution took place on ! day foll[+ ! ,la/ ,supp]4 ,john says ! ,jews w5t n into ! judgm5t hall1 le/ !y %\ld be defil$2 b t !y might eat ! passov] 7xviii1 #bh74 ,aft] n>rat+ ! ev5ts ( ! trial1 ,john says3 ,& x 0 ! prep>ation ( ! passov] 7xix1 #ad74 ,accord+ to ! ,synoptics1 ! ,la/ ,supp] 0 eat5 on ! #ad? ,nisan1 &1 by our mode ( reckon+ "t1 on ,?ursday ev5+2 accord+ to ,john1 x 0 eat5 on ! #ac? ,nisan1 &1 by our mode ( reckon+1 on ,w$nesday ev5+4 ,! ,synoptics decl>e t ?is supp] 0 ! regul> ,pas*al meal2 accord+ to ,john1 x 0 an ord9>y meal1 ! ,pas*al meal n be+ eat5 until aft] ,*ri/'s dea?4 ,! ,synoptics repres5t mo/ cle>ly t ,jesus on ! ev5+ ( ! #ad? ,nisan1 aft] ! cu/om ( ! ,jews1 ate ! ,passov] ) 8 disciples1 & t he 0 arre/$ 9 ! fir/ h\rs ( ! #ae? ,nisan1 ! day on :i* he 0 put to dea?4 ,no?+ c be m di/9ct ?an ! /atem5t t ! la/ supp] 0 ! ,pas*al fea/4444 ,! f\r? ,gospel1 h[ev]1 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple :i* is dom9ant ?r\gh\t1 repres5ts ! la/ repa/ :i* ,jesus eats ) 8 disciples z a common supp]1 :i* takes place1 n on ! #ad?1 b on ! #ac? ,nisan1 ! day 'be=e ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]4'--,sup]natural ,religion4 ,?\s&s ( pages h be5 writt5 9 va9 attempts to reconcile ?is grave discrepancy4 ,scribn]'s ,bible ,diction>y1 :i* conta9s ! be/ fruits ( or?odox s*ol>%ip1 bo? ( ,engl& & ,am]ica1 conc$es a contradiction4 ,x says3 ,! ,synoptics seem to id5tify ! two ! ,la/ ,supp] & ! ,pas*al meal1 :]eas ,/4 ,john expressly places ! ,la/ ,supp] be=e ! ,passov]4 ,aft] an exhau/ive review ( ! subject1 ,/rauss voices ! conclusion ( ,g]man s*ol>s 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,our only c\rse is to ackn[l$ge an irreconcilable contradiction betwe5 ! respective acc\nts1 )\t v5tur+ a decision z to :i* is ! correct "o 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #gjb74 #beg ,! ,synoptics /ate t ! ,la/ ,supp] 0 ! ,pas*al meal4 ,describe ! ,pas*al meal4 ,all lean+ ^u ! cu%ions ar\nd ! table1 ! fir/ cup ( w9e 0 s]v$1 & grace pron\nc$ ov] ! same & ! fea/4 ,?is cup ( w9e be+ dispos$ (1 vegetables & sauce 7 plac$ on ! table1 & ! vegetables1 dipp$ 9 ! sauce1 7 bless$ & eat54 ,next ! unleav5$ bread1 ! bitt] h]b1 & a piquant sauce call$ ,h>ose? 7 s]v$1 & ! bitt] h]b1 dipp$ 9 ! ,h>ose?1 0 bless$ & eat54 ,!n ! ,pas*al lamb 0 plac$ on ! table ) portions ( ano!r sacrifice4 ,"o ( ! company ask$ ! "q :y all ?is 0 done1 dur+ :i* ! second cup ( w9e 0 s]v$4 ,! head ( ! table expla9+ n>rat$ ! /ory ( ! ,exodus1 clos$ ) a hymn1 spoke ! second "t grace ov] ! w9e1 & all dispos$ ( ! same4 ,n[ came ! break+ ( ! bread & ! eat+ & dr9k+4 ,?is f9i%$1 ! ?ird cup ( w9e 0 s]v$1 & grace aft] meal 0 pron\nc$4 ,aft] :i* ! f\r? cup 0 s]v$1 & ! c]emonies clos$ ) hymns & psalms1 & dispos+ ( ! f\r? cup ( w9e 7,mi%na74 ,?is 0 ! ,pas*al meal z x 0 obs]v$ 9 ! reput$ "t ( ,*ri/ & up to #gj ,a4 ,d4 ,aft] ! fall ( ,j]usalem & ! de/ruction ( ! temple ! great ,passov] fea/ reta9$ b ! %ad[ ( its =m] glory4 ,! ,pas*al meal & ! c]emonies att5d+ x 7 g5]ally %ort5$4 ,! fact t ! ,evangeli/s 7 unacqua9t$ ) ! regul> ,pas*al meal1 t ! ,synoptics 7 famili> only ) ! c]emonies ( lat] times1 %[s t ! ,la/ ,supp] is a my?1 & ! ,gospels ! products ( a lat] age4 ,criticis+ ! ,synoptics' acc\nts ( ! ,pas*al meal1 ,dr4 ,isaac ,wise1 an able ,jewi% s*ol>1 says3 ,if any evid5ce is requir$ t nei!r ,m>k nor ,mat!w _h ev] se5 ! ,pas*al meal1 or describ$ t ( ,jesus1 x is furni%$ "h4 ,!y d n m5tion any "o po9t connect$ ) ! ,pas*al supp]1 ! c]emonies ( :i* 7 e/abli%$4 ,!y m5tion only "o c]emony1 viz41 ! break+ ( ! bread1 & ! cup ( w9e aft] ! meal1 :i* is n only a mi/ake1 b %[s conclusively1 t ei!r ( !m _h se5 ! ,pas*al supp]1 aft] ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 9 "s ,jewi% h\se1 & ! c]emonies connect$ !re)1 call$ ! ,s$]4 ,!re=e1 no m5tion :atsoev] is made ( ! ma9 ?+--! ,pas*al lamb--& ! bread is brok5 aft] ! meal1 :i* 0 done by ! ,jews aft] clos+ ! ,pas*al meal1 outside ( ,j]usalem1 :5 ! alt> _h be5 de/roy$2 & no ,pas*al lamb 0 eat5 7,m>tyrdom ( ,jesus1 pp4 #cf1 #cg74 ,luke beg9s correctly1 b makes a mi/ake 9 hav+ ! bread brok5 "r aft] ! fir/ cup ( w9e 0 h&$ r\nd1 :i* 0 done s at e fe/ive meal1 except at ! "o describ$1 & has b two cups ( w9e in/ead ( f\r4 ,s we "k t ,luke did n describe :at actually happ5$ t ev5+4 ,he _h se5 ! ,jewi% cu/om ( op5+ ! fe/ive meals ) grace ov] ! w9e & bread1 & made ( x an introduction to ! ,la/ ,supp]1 )\t kn[+ t j t ev5+ ! cu/om 0 *ang$ 7,ibid4 p4 #ch74 #beh ,:at c]emony 0 in/itut$ at ! ,la/ ,supp]8 ,synoptics3 ,! ,eu*>i/ 7,matt4 xxvi1 #bf-bh2 ,m>k xiv1 #bb-bd2 ,luke xxii1 #ai1 #bj74 ,john3 ,! wa%+ ( feet 7xiii1 #d-i74 ,john does n m5tion ! =m] c]emony1 & ! ,synoptics d n m5tion ! latt]2 yet ea* is said to h be5 p]=m$ imm$iately aft] supp]4 #bei ,he told 8 disciples t he w\ld no m dr9k ( ! fruit ( ! v9e until he drank x 9 8 ,fa!r's k+dom4 ,:5 0 ?is8 ,mat!w3 ,aft] in/itut+ ! ,eu*>i/4 ,& z !y 7 eat+1 ,jesus took bread1 & bless$ x1 & brake x1 & gave x to ! disciples1 & said1 ,take1 eat2 ?is is my body4 ,& he took ! cup & gave ?anks1 & gave x to !m1 say+1 ,dr9k ye all ( x2 = ?is is my blood ( ! new te/am5t1 :i* is %$ = _m = ! remission ( s9s4 ,b ,i say unto y1 ,i w n dr9k h5ce=? ( ?is fruit ( ! v9e1 until t day :5 ,i dr9k x new ) y 9 my ,fa!r's k+dom 7xxvi1 #bf-bi74 ,luke3 ,be=e in/itut+ ! ,eu*>i/4 ,= ,i say unto y1 ,i w n dr9k ( ! fruit ( ! v9e1 until ! k+dom ( ,god %all come4 ,& he took bread1 & gave ?anks1 & brake x1 & gave unto !m1 say+1 ,?is is my body :i* is giv5 = y3 ?is d 9 remembrance ( me4 ,likewise also ! cup aft] supp]1 say+1 ,?is cup is ! new te/am5t 9 my blood1 :i* is %$ = y 7xxii1 #ah-bj74 #bfj ,at ! ,la/ ,supp] did ,jesus pass ! cup once1 or twice8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,once 7,matt4 xxvi1 #bf-cj2 ,m>k xiv1 #af-bf74 ,luke3 ,twice 7xxii1 #ac-bj74 ,reg>d+ ?is discrepancy1 ,scribn]s' ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,! temptation to exp& 0 mu* /rong] ?an to contract2 & ! d\ble m5tion ( ! cup raises real difficulties ( ! k9d :i* sugge/ int]polation4 #bfa ,:]e 0 ,jesus :5 he utt]$ 8 la/ pray]8 ,synoptics3 ,9 ! g>d5 ( ,ge?semane 7,matt4 xxvi1 #cf-ci2 ,m>k xiv1 #cb-cf2 ,luke xxii1 #ci-db74 ,john3 ,9 ,j]usalem be=e he retir$ to ! g>d5 7xvii1 xviii1 #a74 #bfb ,:at is said ( 8 agony at ,ge?semane8 ,luke3 ,8 sweat 0 z x 7 great drops ( blood fall+ d[n to ! gr\nd 7xxii1 #dd74 ,:atev] 0 ! "* ( ?is s-call$ bloody sweat1 x may be rem>k$ t ,mat!w1 :o 0 an apo/le2 ,m>k1 :o is claim$ to be ! int]pret] ( ,pet]1 an apo/le :o 0 ) ,jesus at ! "t2 & ,john :o 0 n only an apo/le1 b pres5t also1 d n ref] to x4 ,luke1 :o 0 n an eye-witness--:o 0 n an apo/le--is ! only "o :o m5tions x4 #bfc ,h[ _m times did ,jesus visit ,j]usalem dur+ 8 m9i/ry8 ,john3 ,at lea/ f\r times 7ii1 #ac2 v1 #a2 x1 #bb1 #bc2 xii1 #ab74 ,! ,synoptics record b "o visit4 #bfd ,to :at c\ntry 0 8 m9i/ry *iefly conf9$8 ,synoptics3 ,to ,galilee4 ,john3 ,to ,judea4 ,accord+ to ! ,synoptics ne>ly 8 entire m9i/ry 0 conf9$ to ,galilee4 ,x 0 only at ! close ( 8 m9i/ry1 a few days be=e 8 dea?1 t he visit$ ,judea to att5d ! ,passov]4 ,accord+ to ,john 8 m9i/ry 0 conf9$ *iefly to ,judea4 ,x requires b ?ree or f\r ( 8 tw5ty-"o *apt]s to record 8 "w 9 ,galilee4 ,f>r> says3 ,! ,synopti/s almo/ conf9e !mselves to ! ,galilean1 & ,/4 ,john to ! ,judean m9i/ry 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #cfa74 #bfe ,h[ long did 8 m9i/ry la/8 ,synoptics3 ,"o ye>4 ,john3 ,at lea/ ?ree ye>s4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,giles says3 ,accord+ to ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels1 ,*ri/'s public life la/$ only "o ye> 7,*ri/ian ,records1 p4 #aa74 ,ref]r+ to ?is & ! prec$+ discrepancy1 ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,! ,synoptics cle>ly repres5t ! m9i/ry ( ,jesus z hav+ be5 limit$ to a s+le ye>1 & 8 prea*+ is conf9$ to ,galilee & ,j]usalem1 :]e 8 c>e] culm9ates at ! fatal ,passov]4 ,! f\r? ,gospel di/ributes ! tea*+ ( ,jesus betwe5 ,galilee1 ,sam>ia1 & ,j]usalem1 makes x ext5d ov] at lea/ ?ree ye>s1 & ref]s to ?ree ,passov]s sp5t by ,jesus at ,j]usalem 7p4 #fha74 ,ir5aeus1 ! greate/ ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 & :o liv$ 9 ! c5tury foll[+ ,jesus1 decl>es t 8 m9i/ry la/$ tw5ty ye>s4 ,9 8 pr9cipal "w1 ,aga9/ ,h]esies1 he combats ! h]esy ( a "o-ye> m9i/ry ( ,jesus4 ,he says3 ,!y h[ev]1 t !y may e/abli% _! false op9ion reg>d+ t :i* is writt51 ',to proclaim ! acceptable ye> ( ! ,"l1' ma9ta9 t he prea*$ = "o ye> only1 & !n suff]$ 9 ! twelf? mon?4 ,!y are =getful ( _! own disadvantage1 de/roy+ 8 :ole "w1 & robb+ him ( t age :i* is bo? m necess>y & m honorable ?an any o!r2 t m advanc$ age1 ,i mean1 dur+ :i* also1 z a tea*]1 he excell$ all o!rs4 ,= h[ c\ld he h _h disciples if he did n tea*8 ,& h[ c\ld he h taught1 unless he _h rea*$ ! age ( a ma/]8 ,= :5 he came to be baptiz$1 he _h n yet complet$ 8 ?irtie? ye>1 b 0 beg9n+ to be ab\t ?irty ye>s ( age4444 ,n[1 t ! fir/ /age ( e>ly life embraces ?irty ye>s1 & t ?is ext5ds onw>d to ! =tie? ye>1 e "o w admit2 b f ! =tie? & fiftie? ye>1 a man beg9s to decl9e t[>d old age2 :i* our ,"l possess$1 :ile he /ill fulfill$ ! (fice ( a tea*]4444 ,he did n !re=e prea* = only "o ye>1 nor did he suff] 9 ! twelf? mon? ( ! ye>4 ,= ! p]iod includ$ betwe5 ! ?irtie? & fiftie? ye> c nev] be reg>d$ z "o ye> 7,book ii1 *4 xxii1 secs4 #e1 #f74 #bff ,:at is said reg>d+ ! ext5t ( 8 works8 ,john3 ,if !y %\ld be writt5 e "o1 ,i suppose t ev5 ! _w itself c\ld n conta9 ! books 7xxi1 #be74 ,9 ! v next v]ses ( ! ,bible 7,acts i1 #a1 #b7 ,luke decl>es t 8 brief ,gospel conta9s a record ( all t ,jesus began bo? to d & tea*1 until ! day 9 :i* he 0 tak5 up4 #bfg ,c ! alleg$ tea*+s ( ,jesus be accept$ z au!ntic8 ,?ree facts disprove1 = ! mo/ "p1 _! au!nticity4 #a4 ,! mo/ important tea*+s ascrib$ to him by ! ,synoptics 7 borr[$1 ei!r by him or 8 biograph]s1 f o!r tea*]s & writ]s4 #b4 ,8 tea*+s z pres5t$ by ! ,synoptics1 & z pres5t$ by ,john1 exclude ea* o!r4 ,no critic c s]i\sly cont5d t ! disc\rses & say+s ( ,jesus record$ 9 ! ,synoptics & ^? giv5 9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel emanat$ f ! same m9d4 ,!y are :olly dissimil>1 bo? 9 doctr9e & phraseology4 ,dr4 ,we/cott says3 ,x is impossible to pass f ! ,synoptic ,gospels to t ( ,/4 ,john )\t feel+ t ! transition involves ! passage f "o _w ( ?\ght to ano!r4 ,no famili>ity ) ! g5]al tea*+ ( ! ,gospels1 no wide conception ( ! "* ( ! ,savior1 is suffici5t to de/roy ! contra/ :i* exi/s 9 =m & _s betwe5 ! e>li] & lat] n>ratives 7,introduction to ,/udy ( ,gospels1 p4 #bdi74 #c4 ,! disc\rses attribut$ to ,jesus 9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel 7 evid5tly compos$ by ! au?or ( t ,gospel4 ,?is is app>5t to e c>eful read]4 ,! tea*+s ascrib$ to ,jesus 9 ,john1 !n1 are spuri\s2 :ile ^? ascrib$ to him 9 ,mat!w1 ,m>k & ,luke are ( d\btful au!nticity4 ,if any ( ! tea*+s ( ,jesus h be5 pres]v$ !y exi/ 9 ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels1 b ! unau!ntic "* ( ! ,gospels !mselves1 r5d]s x impossible to ascribe to him ) c]ta9ty a s+le tea*+4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,crucifixion ,,( ,,*ri/4 #bfh ,:5 did ,jesus fir/ =etell 8 passion8 ,synoptics3 ,n until late 9 8 m9i/ry 7,matt4 xvi1 #ba2 ,m>k viii1 #ca2 ,luke ix1 #ba-bg74 ,accord+ to ,john 7ii1 #ai-bb7 he ref]r$ to x at ! beg9n+ ( 8 m9i/ry4 #bfi ,:5 did he ann\nce 8 betrayal8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,at ! ,la/ ,supp]1 :ile !y 7 eat+4 ,n[ :5 ! ev5 0 come1 he sat d[n ) ! twelve4 ,& z !y did eat1 he said1 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 t "o ( y %all betray me 7,matt4 xxvi1 #bj1 #ba2 ,m>k xiv1 #ah74 ,luke & ,john3 ,n until aft] supp] 7,luke xxii1 #bj1 #ba2 ,john xiii1 #b-ba74 ,john says t aft] supp] he wa%$ 8 disciples' feet & deliv]$ a disc\rse to !m1 aft] :i* he said1 ,v]ily1 v]ily1 ,i say unto y1 t "o ( y %all betray me4 #bgj ,did ,jesus say :o %\ld betray him8 ,mat!w & ,john3 ,he did 7,matt4 xxvi1 #be2 ,john xiii1 #bf74 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,he did n4 #bga ,h[ did he disclose 8 betray]8 ,mat!w3 ,by an impli$ affirmative answ] to ,judas' "q1 ,is x ,i8 ,!n ,judas :i* betray$ him1 answ]$ & said1 ,ma/]1 is x ,i8 ,he said unto him1 ,?\ ha/ said 7xxvi1 #be74 ,john3 ,by giv+ ,judas a sop4 ,jesus answ]$1 ,he x is to :om ,i %all give a sop1 :5 ,i h dipp$ x4 ,& :5 he _h dipp$ ! sop1 he gave x to ,judas ,isc>iot4 #bgb ,:5 did ,satan ent] into ,judas8 ,luke3 ,be=e ! ,la/ ,supp] 7xxii1 #c-g74 ,john3 ,aft] ! ,la/ ,supp] 7xiii1 #a-bg74 #bgc ,h[ did ,judas betray ,jesus8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,n[ he t betray$ him1 gave !m a sign1 say+1 ,:omsoev] ,i %all kiss1 t same is he2 hold him fa/4 ,& =?) he came to ,jesus1 & said1 ,hail1 ,ma/]1 & kiss$ him 7,matt4 xxvi1 #dh1 #di2 ,m>k xiv1 #dd1 #de74 ,accord+ to ,john1 ,judas did n betray him ) a kiss4 #bgd ,:at did ,jesus say to ,judas :5 he betray$ him8 ,fri5d1 :]e=e art ?\ come8 7,mat!w xxvi1 #ej47 ,judas1 betraye/ ?\ ! ,son ( man ) a kiss8 7,luke xxii1 #dh47 #bge ,:at 0 ,judas1 & :at (fice did he hold8 ,john3 ,he 0 a ?ief1 & _h ! bag1 & b>e :at 0 put !re9 7xii1 #f74 ,judas 0 ?us ! fir/ ,*ri/ian treasur]4 ,b :y did ,jesus1 if omnisci5t1 z claim$1 select a ?ief = ?is (fice8 ,0 he unable to conduct 8 m9i/ry )\t ! aid ( "o8 #bgf ,:at did ,judas receive = betray+ 8 ma/]8 ,mat!w3 ,& !y cov5ant$ ) him = ?irty pieces ( silv] 7xxvi1 #ae74 ,x is /range t a man :o kept ! purse1 & knew :at he w\ld lose by ! dea? ( 8 *ief1 %\ld ab&on ! pr(its ( 8 (fice = s small a sum4--,r5an4 #bgg ,:at did he d ) ! money8 ,mat!w3 ,!n ,judas1 :i* _h betray$ him1 :5 he saw t he 0 condemn$1 rep5t$ himself1 & br\ght aga9 ! ?irty pieces ( silv] to ! *ief prie/s & eld]s4444 ,& he ca/ d[n ! pieces ( silv] 9 ! temple & dep>t$ 7xxvii1 #c-e74 ,pet]3 ,n[ ?is man ,judas pur*as$ a field ) ! rew>d ( iniquity 7,acts i1 #ah74 #bgh ,! pur*ase ( ! pott]'s field 0 9 fulfillm5t ( :at prophecy8 ,mat!w3 ,t :i* 0 spok5 by ,j]emy ! prophet1 say+1 ,& !y took ! ?irty pieces ( silv]1 ! price ( him t 0 valu$1 444 & gave !m = ! pott]'s field1 z ! ,"l appo9t$ me 7xxvii1 #i1 #aj74 ,?is 0 n spok5 by ,j]emiah1 b by ,ze*>iah4 ,& ! ,"l said unto me1 ,ca/ x unto ! pott]3 a goodly price t ,i 0 priz$ at ( !m4 ,& ,i took ! ?irty pieces ( silv] & ca/ !m to ! pott] 9 ! h\se ( ! ,"l 7xi1 #ac74 ,x is evid5t t ! acc\nt ( ! betrayal 0 inspir$1 n by a hi/orical fact1 b by a desire to fulfill a ,messianic prophecy4 ,ze*>iah did n pr$ict an ev5t1 b 8 words did sugge/ a fiction4 ,?is is ! m probable f ! fact t ,mat!w is ! only ,evangeli/ :o m5tions ! ?irty pieces ( silv]4 ,! /ory ( ,*ri/'s la/ visit to ,j]usalem & ! /ory ( 8 betrayal exclude ea* o!r4 ,accord+ to ! ,evangeli/s he 0 n arre/$ = any (f5se he _h committ$ dur+ ?is visit1 b = (f5ses he _h committ$ prior to ?is4 ,yet dur+ ?is visit he is said to h appe>$ op5ly ) 8 disciples1 mak+ a triumphal entry into ! city1 visit+ ! temple & tea*+ 9 public4 ,9 ! face ( ?is ! /ory t ! ,jews 7 oblig$ to bribe "o ( 8 disciples 9 ord] to appreh5d him is absurd4 ,"o ( ^! /ories mu/ be false4 ,reg>d+ !m ,"l ,amb]ley obs]ves3 ,! repres5tation ( ! ,gospels1 t ,jesus w5t on tea*+ 9 public to ! v end ( 8 c>e]1 & yet t ,judas receiv$ a bribe = 8 betrayal1 is self-contradictory 7,life ( ,jesus1 p4 #bad74 ,to ^? :o believe ! acc\nts ( ! betrayal ( ,jesus to be hi/orical1 ! ecclesia/ical hi/orian1 ,ne&]1 9 8 ,life ( ,*ri/1 advances a sugge/ion t is wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,! betrayal ( ,jesus by ,judas1 x is sugge/$1 0 int5d$ z a te/ ( 8 ,messiah%ip4 ,if ,jesus 0 ! ,messiah1 ,judas reason$1 he c\ld save himself2 if he 0 n ! ,messiah he 0 an impo/or & des]v$ dea?4 #bgi ,:at became ( ,judas8 ,mat!w3 ,he w5t & hang$ himself 7xxvii1 #e74 ,pet]3 ,fall+ headlong he bur/ asund] 9 ! mid/1 & all 8 b[els gu%$ out 7,acts i1 #ah74 ,papias1 bi%op ( ,hi]apolis1 "o ( ! *ief ,*ri/ian au?orities ( ! second c5tury1 & :o wrote be=e ! books ( ,mat!w & ,acts 7 writt51 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! fate ( ,judas3 ,judas walk$ ab\t 9 ! _w a great example ( impiety2 = 8 body hav+ swoll5 s t1 on an occasion1 :5 a wagon 0 mov+ on its way1 he c\ld n pass x1 he 0 cru%$ by ! *>iot & 8 b[els gu%$ out4 ,! ,g]man comm5tator1 ,dr4 ,hase1 attempts to reconcile 8 suicide1 z relat$ by ,mat!w1 ) 8 dea? by accid5t1 z relat$ by ,pet]1 by suppos+ t he attempt$ to hang himself1 b t ! rope broke1 caus+ him to fall ) su* =ce z to disemb[el himself4 ,?is h>moni/ app>5tly =gets to note t ,pet] says he fell headlong1 :i* makes x necess>y to suppose t he hung himself by ! feet4 #bhj ,to :om did ,pet] deliv] 8 spee* describ+ ! fate ( ,judas8 ,pet] /ood up 9 ! mid/ ( ! disciples 7,acts i1 #ae74 ,is x n reasonable to suppose t ! alleg$ in=mation convey$ 9 8 spee* 0 z famili> to ! disciples :om he address$ z to himself8 ,reg>d+ ?is ,de ,wette aptly says3 ,9 ! composition ( ?is spee* ! au?or has n consid]$ hi/orical decorum4 #bha ,:at did ,pet] say 9 reg>d to ! "n ( ! field8 ,& x 0 kn[n unto all ! dwell]s ( ,j]usalem2 insomu* z t field is call$ 9 _! prop] tongue1 ,aceldama1 t is to say1 ,! field ( blood 7,acts i1 #ai74 ,"h ,pet] is repres5t$ z int]pret+ 9 ,greek a ,jewi% ^w to 8 ,jewi% bre?r54 #bhb ,7 !re m ?an "o ( ,jesus' disciples conc]n$ 9 8 betrayal8 ,john3 ,!re 74 ,= ,jesus knew f ! beg9n+ :o !y 7 ( 8 disciples t believ$ n1 & :o %\ld betray him 7vi1 #fd74 #bhc ,:5 ! ,jewi% c\ncil met to plan ! arre/ ( ,jesus1 to :at conclusion did !y come8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,n to arre/ him on ! fea/ day 7,matt4 xxvi1 #c-e2 ,m>k xiv1 #a1 #b74 ,yet ?is 0 ! v day on :i* ,mat!w & ,m>k decl>e t he 0 arre/$4 #bhd ,:o arre/$ him8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,a great multitude 444 f ! *ief prie/s & eld]s ( ! p 7,matt4 xxvi1 #dg2 ,m>k xiv1 #dc74 ,luke3 ,! *ief prie/s1 & capta9s ( ! temple1 & ! eld]s !mselves 7xxii1 #dg-eb74 #bhe ,:o does ,john say 0 s5t to arre/ him8 ,a b& ( soldi]s & (fic]s 7xviii1 #c1 ,new ,v]474 ,?is contradicts ! ,synoptics1 :o decl>e t x 0 a mob ( civilians4 #bhf ,:at is said reg>d+ ! multitude s5t out to appreh5d him8 ,synoptics3 ,!y 7 arm$ ) swords & /aves 7,matt4 xxvi1 #dg2 ,m>k xiv1 #dc2 ,luke xxii1 #eb74 ,7 ! disciples arm$8 ,all3 ,!y 71 or "o ( !m at lea/ 7,matt4 xxvi1 #ea2 ,m>k xiv1 #dg2 ,luke xxii1 #ch1 #ej2 ,john xviii1 #aj74 ,?is is incr$ible1 = ,jews 7 nev] all[$ to c>ry arms on a holy day4 #bhg ,h[ did !y g out to capture him8 ,john3 ,) lant]ns & tor*es 7xviii1 #c74 ,8 enemies are repres5t$ z believ+ t 8 arre/ c\ld be secur$ only by /rategy & /eal?4 ,"u ^! circum/ances is x reasonable to suppose t ! *ief prie/s w\ld s5d out a tor*light procession to appreh5d him8 ,besides1 z x 0 at ! full ( ! moon1 :at ne$ _h !y ( lant]ns & tor*es8 ,aga91 lant]ns 7 unkn[n 9 ,pale/9e4 #bhh ,:5 ! b& s5t to capture him fir/ came up to him :at did !y d8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,!y laid h&s on him & took him 7,matt4 xxvi1 #dg-ej2 ,m>k xiv1 #dc-df74 ,john3 ,!y w5t backw>d & fell to ! gr\nd 7xviii1 #c-f74 #bhi ,:at did ,pet] d :5 ,jesus 0 arre/$8 ,john3 ,!n ,simon ,pet] hav+ a sword drew x1 & smote ! high prie/'s s]vant1 & cut (f 8 "r e> 7xviii1 #aj74 ,yet no ef=ts 7 made to arre/ & puni% ,pet]1 not)/&+ he 0 recogniz$ & po9t$ out by ! k9sman ( ! w\nd$ man4 ,x may be urg$ t ,jesus _h heal$ ! s]vant's e>4 ,?is1 ev5 if true1 w\ld n h remov$ ! guilt ( ! militant disciple4 ,_h ,pet] really committ$ ! de$1 x is n probable t he w\ld h visit$ ! h\se ( ! high prie/ & rema9$ 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 enemies4 #bij ,:5 0 ,jesus b\nd8 ,john3 ,:5 he 0 arre/$ 7xviii1 #ab74 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,n until aft] 8 trial be=e ! ,sanh$rim :5 he 0 tak5 to ,pilate 7,matt4 xxvii1 #b2 ,m>k xv1 #a74 ,accord+ to ,luke he 0 n b\nd4 #bia ,:at did !y d ) ,jesus :5 he 0 tak58 ,mat!w3 ,l$ him away to ,caiaphas 7xxvi1 #eg74 ,john3 ,l$ him away to ,annas fir/ 7xviii1 #ac74 #bib ,did he h an exam9ation be=e 8 trial8 ,john3 ,he did 7xviii1 #ac-bc74 ,our laws provide = :at is kn[n z a prelim9>y exam9ation be=e a magi/rate4 ,?is 0 =bidd5 by ! ,jewi% law1 & 8 alleg$ exam9ation be=e a prie/ c\ld n h tak5 place4 #bic ,be=e :om did 8 prelim9>y exam9ation take place8 ,john3 ,be=e ,annas 7xviii1 #ac-bc74 ,! ,synoptics /ate t he 0 exam9$ & tri$ be=e ,caiaphas4 #bid ,repeat ,john xviii1 #bd4 ,n[ ,annas _h s5t him b\nd unto ,caiaphas ! high prie/ 7,old ,v]474 ,annas !re=e s5t him b\nd unto ,caiaphas ! high prie/ 7,new ,v]474 ,?is v]se foll[s ! acc\nt ( ,jesus' prelim9>y exam9ation & %[s cle>ly t ?is exam9ation took place be=e ,annas1 & t he 0 n s5t to ,caiaphas until its conclusion4 ,! ,k+ ,james translators1 9 ord] to hide ! discrepancy1 prefix$ ! ^w n[ & *ang$ ! t5se ( ! v]b1 sub/itut+ _h s5t = s5t1 s t x might appe> t ,annas _h s5t him to ,caiaphas be=e ! exam9ation comm5c$4 ,conc]n+ ?is corruption ( ! text1 ,scott says3 ,!re is no conjunction 'n[1' & an aori/ _c m>k a def9ite "t4 ,if a hiatus is suspect$1 x may be indicat$ by an a/]isk2 b to ins]t words & alt] ! =ce ( a t5se 9 ord] to get ov] a grave hi/orical difficulty is %e] di%one/y 7,life ( ,jesus1 p4 #bhi1 note74 #bie ,mat!w & ,john /ate t ,caiaphas 0 high prie/ at ?is "t4 ,:o does ! au?or ( ,acts /ate 0 high prie/8 ,& ,annas ! high prie/1 & ,caiaphas1 & ,john1 & ,alex&]1 & z _m z 7 ( ! k9dr$ ( ! high prie/1 7 ga!r$ toge!r at ,j]usalem 7iv1 #f74 ,luke 7iii1 #b71 :o is decl>$ to be ! au?or ( ,acts1 says t ,annas & ,caiaphas 7 bo? high prie/s4 ,criticiz+ ,john's acc\nt ( ! exam9ation be=e ,annas1 ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,! ,synoptics "k no?+ ( ! prelim9>y exam9ation be=e ,annas1 & ! reason giv5 by ! writ] ( ! f\r? ,gospel :y ! soldi]s fir/ took ,jesus to ,annas3 '= he 0 fa!r-9-law to ,caiaphas :o 0 fir/ high prie/ t ye>1' is inadmissible4 ,! ass]tion is a cle> mi/ake1 & x probably orig9at$ 9 a /rang] writ+ ( facts & in/itutions ) :i* he 0 n well acqua9t$1 be+ misl$ by an error equally committ$ by ! au?or ( ! ?ird ,gospel1 & ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4444 ,su* /atem5ts1 errone\s 9 !mselves & n und]/ood by ! au?or ( ! f\r? ,gospel1 may h l$ to ! confusion 9 ! n>rative4 ,annas _h previ\sly be5 high prie/1 z we "k f ,josephus1 b no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an ! fact t ! title 0 n cont9u$ aft] ! (fice 0 resign$2 & ,i%mael1 ,eleaz>1 & ,simon1 :o succe$$ ,annas & sep>at$ 8 t]m ( (fice f t ( ,caiaphas1 did n subsequ5tly be> ! title4 ,! n>rative is a mi/ake1 & su* an error c\ld n h be5 committ$ by a native ( ,pale/9e1 & mu* less by an acqua9tance ( ! high prie/ 7p4 #ffj74 #bif ,:at is said reg>d+ ! t5ure ( ,caiaphas' (fice8 ,john3 ,he 0 high prie/ t ye> 7xi1 #di74 ,john's language implies t ! high prie/ 0 appo9t$ annually1 :]eas he held 8 (fice = life1 or until remov$4 ,caiaphas _h be5 high prie/ = _m ye>s4 #big ,:at _h ,caiaphas prophesi$ conc]n+ ,jesus8 ,john3 ,he prophesi$ t ,jesus %\ld die = t nation2 & n = t nation only1 b t also he %\ld ga!r toge!r 9 "o ! *ildr5 ( ,god t 7 scatt]$ abroad 7xi1 #ea1 #eb74 ,a high prie/ did n assume ! role ( prophet1 mu* less w\ld he h giv5 utt]ance to ! prophecy ascrib$ to ,caiaphas4 ,! ,roman procurator might h express$ su* a s5tim5t1 = accord+ to ,roman law & e?ics an individual c\ld be sacrific$ = ! welf>e ( ! /ate4 ,! high prie/1 on ! o!r h&1 c\ld n h utt]$ su* a s5tim5t1 because x 0 abhorr5t to ! ,jewi% m9d4 ,if all ,israel c\ld h be5 sav$1 & c\ld h be5 sav$ only by ! dea? ( "o ( its innoc5t memb]s1 t memb] c\ld n h be5 put to dea?1 because1 accord+ to ,jewi% law1 x w\ld h made ( e ,jew conc]n$ 9 x a murd]]4 ,x 0 a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! ,jewi% code t1 ,no human life mu/ be ab&on$ on acc\nt ( any o!r life4 #bih ,did ,jesus h a trial be=e ! ,sanh$rim8 ,synoptics3 ,he _h 7,matt4 xxvi1 #eg-ge2 ,m>k xiv1 #ec-gb2 ,luke xxii1 #ed-ga74 ,x 0 ab\t ?is "t 7#cj ,a4 ,d471 t ! ,sanh$rim ceas$ to h jurisdiction ov] capital (f5ses4 ,aft] its jurisdiction ceas$ ,jesus c\ld n h be5 tri$ be=e x2 & be=e its jurisdiction ceas$ he w\ld n h _h a subsequ5t trial be=e ,pilate4 #bii ,:]e 0 8 trial held8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,at ! palace ( ! high prie/4 ,no trial 0 ev] held at ! resid5ce ( ! high prie/4 ,all meet+s ( ! ,sanh$rim 7 held 9 ! hall adjo9+ ! temple4 ,a trial at any o!r place w\ld h be5 illegal4 #cjj ,:at 0 ! *>ge pref]r$ aga9/ him8 ,all3 ,blasphemy4 ,jesus1 x 0 *>g$1 _h decl>$ himself to be ! son ( ,god4 ,?is1 if true1 w\ld n h con/itut$ blasphemy4 ,x 0 no (f5se aga9/ ! law = a man to claim t he 0 ! son ( ,god4 ,all m51 & especially all good m51 7 recogniz$ z ! sons ( ,god4 ,ref]r+ to ,*ri/'s claim1 a ,jewi% writ] says3 ,no law1 no prec$5t1 & no fictiti\s case 9 ! ,bible or ! rabb9ical lit]ature1 c be cit$ to make ( ?is expression a case ( blasphemy4 ,& ev5 if he _h be5 prov5 guilty ( blasphemy1 he c\ld n h be5 put to dea?1 = blasphemy1 at ?is "t1 _h ceas$ to be a capital (f5se4 ,& is x reasonable to suppose t ! ,romans w\ld h condemn$ a man to dea? = an (f5se aga9/ a religion 9 :i* !y did n !mselves believe1 b :i* !y reg>d$ z "o ( ! vile/ ( sup]/itions8 ,x may be urg$ t 9 8 trial be=e ,pilate ! *>ge 0 *ang$ to s$ition4 ,?is *>ge 0 n su/a9$4 #cja ,:at is said reg>d+ witnesses8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,n[ ! *ief prie/s1 & eld]s1 & all ! c\ncil1 s\ght false witnesses aga9/ ,jesus1 to put him to dea?2 b f\nd none2 yea1 ?\gh _m false witnesses came1 yet f\nd !y none 7,matt4 xxvi1 #ei1 #fj2 ,m>k xiv1 #ee1 #ef74 ,:5 e /ep ?us f> tak5 by ! c\ncil _h be5 illegal1 :y %\ld x h be5 s p>ticul> 9 reg>d to ! witnesses8 ,! fact is ! ,evangeli/s 7 ignorant ( ,jewi% laws4 ,!y believ$ t :ile ! prosecution ( ,jesus 0 unju/ x 0 yet conduct$ accord+ to ! e/abli%$ rules ( ,jewi% c\rts4 ,ref]r+ to ,m>k1 ,dr4 ,wise says3 ,9 8 ignorance ( ,jewi% law1 he imag9$ ! trial :i* he describ$ 0 lawful among ! ,jews4 ,he proves ?is1 9 ! fir/ place1 by ! v /atem5t t witnesses 7 s\ght & produc$4 ,a c\rt convok$ & act+ 9 rebellion to law & cu/om c be consid]$ only a b& ( rebels4 ,:at use h su* m5 ( witnesses8 ,be+ lawless f ! beg9n+1 no legal re/ra9t makes ! pres5ce ( witnesses necess>y4444 ,he c]ta9ly ?\ght ( an hone/1 lawful trial1 9 ! legal =m2 an hone/ & legal exam9ation ( witnesses1 a fair consid]ation ( ! te/imony1 & aft] mature reflection ! rejection !re( on acc\nt ( insuffici5cy 7,m>tyrdom ( ,jesus1 pp4 #fi1 #gj74 #cjb ,:at did ! s-call$ false witnesses t appe>$ aga9/ him te/ify t he _h said8 ,i am able to de/roy ! temple ( ,god1 & to build x 9 ?ree days 7,mat!w xxvi1 #fa74 ,i w de/roy ?is temple t is made ) h&s1 & )9 ?ree days ,i w build ano!r made )\t h&s 7,m>k xiv1 #eh74 #cjc ,:at _h ,jesus said8 ,de/roy ?is temple & 9 ?ree days ,i w raise x up 7,john ii1 #ai74 ,pass+ ov] ! discrepancies ( ,mat!w & ,m>k1 if !y h giv5 ! sub/ance ( ^! witnesses' te/imony1 !n !y 7 n false1 b tru?ful witnesses2 = ,jesus1 x is se51 _h giv5 utt]ance to su* a decl>ation4 ,if he ref]r$ to ! temple ( 8 body1 z ,john affirms1 & ! ,jews misund]/ood him1 ! fault 0 81 n !irs4 ,josephus gives an acc\nt ( a s-call$ prophet :o1 a few ye>s lat]1 boa/$ ( 8 sup]natural p[]s 9 mu* ! same mann] t ,jesus is said to h done3 ,!re came out ( ,egypt ab\t ?is "t to ,j]usalem1 "o t said t he 0 a prophet1 & advis$ ! multitude ( ! common p to g along to ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 z x 0 call$1 :i* lay ov] aga9/ ! city1 & at ! di/ance ( five furlongs4 ,he said fur!r1 t he w\ld %[ !m f h5ce1 h[1 at 8 comm&1 ! walls ( ,j]usalem w\ld fall d[n 7,antiquities1 ,book xx1 *ap4 viii1 sec4 #f74 #cjd ,0 he que/ion$ by ! ,sanh$rim8 ,synoptics3 ,he 04 ,!y tri$ to convict him by 8 own te/imony 7,matt4 xxvi1 #fb-fd2 ,m>k xiv1 #fj-fc2 ,luke xxii1 #ff-ga74 ,a ,jewi% c\rt did n "q a prison]4 ,a prison] c\ld n ev5 plead guilty4 #cje ,to ! prie/'s "q1 ,art ?\ ! ,*ri/8 :at answ] did he give8 ,m>k3 ,jesus said1 ,i am 7xiv1 #fa1 #fb74 ,luke3 ,he said unto !m1 ,if ,i tell y1 ye w n believe 7xxii1 #fg74 #cjf ,:5 did 8 trial be=e ! ,sanh$rim take place8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,dur+ ! night4 ,aft] 8 arre/1 :i* probably occurr$ n lat] ?an midnight1 !y at once l$ him away to ,caiaphas ! high prie/1 :]e 444 ! *ief prie/s1 & eld]s1 & all ! c\ncil ,sanh$rim _h assembl$1 :5 8 trial imm$iately began 7,matt4 xxvi1 #eg-fh2 ,m>k xiv1 #eh-fe74 ,luke3 ,n until ! next morn+4 ,dur+ ! night he 0 held 9 cu/ody at ! h\se ( ! high prie/4 ,z soon z x 0 day1 ! eld]s ( ! p & ! *ief prie/s & ! scribes came toge!r1 & l$ him into ! c\ncil 7xxii1 #ff74 ,?is1 accord+ to ,luke1 0 8 fir/ & only appe>ance be=e ! ,sanh$rim4 ,mat!w & ,m>k1 9 addition to ! night trial m5tion$ by !m1 also m5tion an adj\rn$ session 9 ! morn+ correspond+ to ! meet+ ( ,luke4 #cjg ,c\ld ?is trial h be5 held 9 ! night z /at$ by ,mat!w & ,m>k8 ,x c\ld n4 ,! ,jewi% law prohibit$ ! op5+ ( a trial at night4 ,! ,sanh$rim c\ld n hold a session be=e #f a4 m4 or aft] #c p4 m4 ,luke 0 seem+ly acqua9t$ ) ?is law2 ,mat!w & ,m>k 7 n4 #cjh ,dur+ :at religi\s fe/ivities 0 8 trial held8 ,synoptics3 ,dur+ ! fea/ ( ! ,passov]4 ,x c\ld n h be5 held dur+ ! ,passov]1 = no trials 7 held by ! ,jews dur+ ?is fea/4 #cji ,on :at day ( ! week 0 x held8 ,synoptics3 ,on ,friday1 ! day prec$+ ! ,sabba?4 ,no trial = a capital (f5se 0 ev] all[$ to beg9 on ! day prec$+ ! ,sabba?4 #caj ,h[ long did ?is trial la/8 ,all3 ,b a few h\rs4 ,! ,jewi% law requir$ at lea/ two days = a capital trial--"o = prosecution1 & "o = ! def5se4 #caa ,did he h a def5d] or c\nselor 9 ! ,sanh$rim8 ,synoptics3 ,he did n4 ,accord+ to ! ,synoptics he _h no c\nsel1 & ! ,sanh$rim 7 unanim\s 9 _! condemnation ( him4 ,?is 0 contr>y to ,jewi% law4 ,! ,sanh$rim might be unanim\s 9 _! belief t he 0 guilty1 b x 0 ! duty ( at lea/ "o ( !m to def5d him4 ,?is 0 ! law3 ,if none ( ! judges def5d ! culprit1 i4 e41 all pron\nce him guilty1 hav+ no def5d] 9 ! c\rt1 ! v]dict ( guilty 0 invalid & ! s5t5ce ( dea? c\ld n be execut$ 7,maimonides74 ,dr4 ,geikie admits t ! trial ( ,jesus be=e ! ,sanh$rim1 z relat$ 9 ! ,gospels1 0 9 ne>ly e p>ticul> contr>y to ,jewi% law4 ,he says3 ,! accus$ 0 9 all cases to be held innoc5t1 till prov$ guilty4 ,x 0 an axiom1 t '! ,sanh$rim 0 to save1 n to de/roy life4' ,no "o c\ld be tri$ & condemn$ 9 8 abs5ce1 & :5 a p]son accus$ 0 br\ght be=e ! c\rt1 x 0 ! duty ( ! presid5t1 at ! outset1 to admoni% ! witnesses to rememb] ! value ( human life1 & to take c>e t !y =got no?+ t w\ld tell 9 ! prison]'s favor4 ,nor 0 he left undef5d$2 a ,baal-,rib1 or c\nsel1 0 appo9t$1 to see t all possible 0 done = 8 acquittal4 ,:atev] evid5ce t5d$ to aid him 0 to be freely admitt$1 & no memb] ( ! c\rt :o _h once spok5 9 favor ( acquittal c\ld aft]w>ds vote = condemnation4 ,! votes ( ! y\nge/ ( ! judges 7 tak5 fir/1 t !y might n be influ5c$ by _! s5iors4 ,9 capital *>ges1 x requir$ a majority ( at lea/ two to condemn1 & :ile ! v]dict ( acquittal c\ld be giv5 at once1 t ( guilty c\ld only be pron\nc$ ! next day4 ,h5ce1 capital trials c\ld n beg9 on ! day prec$+ a ,sabba?1 or public fea/4 ,no crim9al trial c\ld be c>ri$ ?r\gh 9 ! night2 ! judges :o condemn$ any "o to dea? _h to fa/ all ! day be=e1 & no "o c\ld be execut$ on ! same day on :i* ! s5t5ce 0 pron\nc$4 7,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 ii1 p4 #dhg47 #cab ,_h ,jesus be5 tri$1 convict$ & execut$ by ! ,jews w\ld he h be5 crucifi$8 ,he w\ld n4 ,crucifixion 0 a mode ( puni%m5t nev] employ$ by ! ,jews4 ,_h ! ,jews execut$ him he w\ld h be5 /on$4 ,x is impli$ly /at$ 9 ! ,synoptics1 & expressly /at$ 9 ,john1 t ! ,sanh$rim's jurisdiction ov] capital crimes _h ceas$4 ,x is n lawful = u to put any man to dea? 7xviii1 #ca74 ,! ,sanh$rim's au?ority ceas$ 9 #cj ,a4 ,d41 & x is g5]ally claim$ by ,*ri/ians t ! crucifixion occurr$ f "o to five ye>s aft] ?is "t4 #cac ,:at does ,pet] say 9 reg>d to ! mode ( puni%m5t employ$ 9 8 execution8 ,! ,god ( our fa!rs rais$ up ,jesus1 :om ye slew & hang$ on a tree 7,acts v1 #cj74 ,& we are witnesses ( all ?+s :i* he did bo? 9 ! l& ( ! ,jews1 & 9 ,j]usalem2 :om ye slew & hang$ on a tree 7x1 #ci74 ,conc]n+ ?is1 ,mrs4 ,evans says3 ,) reg>d to 8 dea?1 x 0 said t ! ,jews slew him & hang$ him on a tree2 & aga9 t he 0 tak5 d[n f ! tree2 expressions :i* d n imply crucifixion1 b r ! legal execution = su* crimes z ! "o alleg$1 t is1 /on+ to dea? & ! exposure ( ! dead body ^u a /ake1 or a tree 7,*ri/ ,my?1 p4 #gi74 #cad ,h[ 0 he treat$ by ! ,sanh$rim8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,!y spit 9 8 face1 & buffet$ him2 & o!rs smote him ) ! palms ( _! h&s 7,matt4 xxvi1 #fg2 ,m>k xiv1 #fe74 ,e ,jew1 & e o!r p]son acqua9t$ ) ! ,jewi% hi/ory ( t age1 kn[s t ?is is false4 ,! ,sanh$rim 0 compos$ ( ! wise/ & ! be/ m5 ( t race4 ,sup]/iti\s1 bigot$ & fanatical "s ( !m d\btless 71 b 9 t augu/ c\rt law & dignity & decorum reign$4 ,^! acc\nts ( ! trial ( ,*ri/ be=e ! ,sanh$rim af=d ov]:elm+ pro( t !y 7 n writt5 by apo/les nor by resid5ts ( ,pale/9e4 ,!y 7 writt5 by ,g5tile ,*ri/ians1 or by ,jewi% conv]ts liv+ 9 =eign l&s1 & presumably ! =m]1 = ev5 =eign ,jews mu/ h possess$ a bett] k ( ,jewi% laws & cu/oms ?an ! ,evangeli/s display4 #cae ,dur+ ! trial ,pet] d5i$ 8 ma/]4 ,:at _h ,jesus pr$ict$ conc]n+ 8 d5ial8 ,mat!w1 ,luke & ,john3 ,jesus said unto him1 ,v]ily ,i say unto !e1 t ?is night1 be=e ! cock cr[1 ?\ %alt d5y me ?rice 7,matt4 xxvi1 #cd2 ,luke xxii1 #cd2 ,john xiii1 #ch74 ,m>k3 ,& ,jesus sai? unto him1 ,v]ily ,i say unto !e1 t ?is day1 ev5 9 ?is night1 be=e ! cock cr[ twice1 ?\ %alt d5y me ?rice 7xiv1 #cj74 #caf ,did ,pet] d5y him ?ree times be=e ! cock crew8 ,mat!w1 ,luke & ,john3 ,he did 7,matt4 xxvi1 #fi-ge2 ,luke xxii1 #ed-fb2 ,john xviii1 #ae-bg74 ,m>k3 ,he did n2 he _h d5i$ him b once :5 ! cock crew 7xiv1 #ff-fh74 #cag ,:]e 7 !y :5 ,jesus =etold ,pet]'s d5ial8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,at ! ,m\nt ( ,olives 7,matt4 xxvi1 #cj-ce2 ,m>k xiv1 #bf-cj74 ,luke3 ,9 ,j]usalem1 at supp]1 be=e !y w5t out to ! ,m\nt ( ,olives 7xxii1 #g-ci74 #cah ,:at did ,pet] d :5 he ent]$ ! palace8 ,luke3 ,pet] sat d[n among !m 7xxii1 #ee74 ,john3 ,pet] /ood ) !m 7xviii1 #ah74 #cai ,:5 0 he fir/ accus$ ( be+ ! fri5d ( ,jesus8 ,john3 ,z he ent]$ ! room 7xviii1 #af1 #ag74 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,z he sat by ! fire 7,m>k xiv1 #ff1 #fg2 ,luke xxii1 #ed-eg74 #cbj ,:5 0 he accus$ ! second "t8 ,john3 ,9 ! h\se z he /ood & w>m$ himself 7xviii1 #be74 ,mat!w3 ,:5 he 0 gone out into ! por* 7xxvi1 #ga74 #cba ,by :om 0 he accus$ ! second "t8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,by a maid 7,matt4 xxvi1 #ga2 ,m>k xiv1 #fi74 ,luke3 ,by a man 7xxii1 #ei1 #fj74 #cbb ,:o accus$ him ! ?ird "t8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,!y t /ood by 7,matt4 xxvi1 #gc2 ,m>k xiv1 #gj74 ,john3 ,"o ( ! s]vants ( ! high prie/ 7xviii1 #bf74 #cbc ,0 ,jesus pres5t :5 ,pet] d5i$ him8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,he 0 n4 ,luke3 ,he 04 ,! ,"l turn$ & look$ ^u ,pet] 7xxii1 #fj1 #fa74 #cbd ,:]e 0 ,jesus next s5t = trial8 ,luke3 ,to ,h]od1 tetr>* ( ,galilee1 :o 0 att5d+ ! ,passov] at ,j]usalem 7xxiii1 #f-aa74 ,9 ! matt] ( trials ! ,evangeli/s1 z 9 ev]y?+ else1 h ov]done ?+s4 ,not)/&+ no trial 0 ev] held dur+ ! ,passov] !y give him f\r trials 9 "o day1 & n f9d+ c\rts en\gh 9 ,judea = ! purpose1 !y import "o f ,galilee4 ,!re is no?+ m improbable ?an ?is alleg$ exam9ation ( ,jesus by ,h]od4 ,imag9e ! ,gov]nor ,g5]al ( ,canada sitt+ 9 judgm5t on a crim9al at ,wa%+ton1 because ! crim9al is a ,canadian1 or an ,ohio c\rt hold+ a session 9 ,new ,york because ! prison] arraign$ once liv$ 9 ,ohio4 ,! (f5ses ) :i* ,jesus 0 *>g$ 7 committ$1 n 9 ,h]od's prov9ce1 ,galilee1 b 9 ,pilate's prov9ce1 ,judea4 ,x is /range t ,john1 :o pret5ds to relate e important ev5t connect$ ) ! trial ( ,jesus1 %\ld omit 8 trial be=e ,h]od4 ,conc]n+ ?is ,/rauss says3 ,! conjecture1 t x may probably h appe>$ to him ,john too unimportant1 loses all f\ndation :5 x is consid]$ t ,john does n scorn to m5tion ! lead+ away to ,annas1 :i* nev]!less 0 equally indecisive2 & 9 g5]al1 ! n>rative ( ^! ev5ts 9 ,john is1 z ,s*lei]ma*] himself confesses1 s consecutive t x n[h]e pres5ts a break 9 :i* su* an episode c\ld be ins]t$4 ,h5ce ev5 ,s*lei]ma*] at la/ takes refuge 9 ! conjecture t possibly ! s5d+ to ,h]od may h escap$ ! notice ( ,john1 because x happ5$ on an opposite side to t on :i* ! disciple /ood1 ?r\gh a back door2 & t x came to ! k ( ,luke because 8 in=mant _h an acqua9tance 9 ! h\sehold ( ,h]od1 z ,john _h 9 t ( ,annas2 ! =m] conjecture1 h[ev]1 is figuratively z well z lit]ally no?+ m ?an a back door2 ! latt]1 a fiction :i* is b ! ef=t ( despair 7,leb5 ,jesu1 pp4 #gfd1 #gfe74 #cbe ,:at 0 ! result ( ,pilate's s5d+ ,jesus to ,h]od8 ,luke3 ,& ! same day ,pilate & ,h]od 7 made fri5ds toge!r1 = be=e !y 7 at enmity betwe5 !mselves 7xxiii1 #ab74 ,pilate & ,h]od did n become fri5ds4 ,to ! day ( ,pilate's recall !y 7 enemies4 ,h]od 0 cont9ually plott+ & /riv+ to unite ) 8 tetr>*y ! prov9ce ( ,judea :i* belong$ to 8 fa!r's k+dom1 & :i* 8 fa!r _h promis$ to give him4 #cbf ,did ,jesus's trial be=e ,pilate take place 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 accus]s8 ,luke3 ,x did 7xxiii1 #a-d1 #ac1 #ad74 ,john3 ,x did n 7xviii1 #bh74 #cbg ,did ,pilate g out ( ! judgm5t hall to consult ) ^? :o 7 prosecut+ ,jesus8 ,luke3 ,he did n 7xxiii1 #a-be74 ,john3 ,he did4 ,pilate !n w5t out unto !m ! ,jews1 & said1 ,:at accusation br+ ye aga9/ ?is man8 ,!y answ]$ & said unto him1 ,if he 7 n a malefactor1 we w\ld n h deliv]$ him up unto !e4444 ,!n ,pilate ent]$ into ! judgm5t hall aga91 & call$ ,jesus1 & said unto him1 ,art ?\ ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews8 ,jesus answ]$ him1 ,saye/ ?\ ?is ?+ ( ?yself1 or did o!rs tell x !e ( me8 7xxiii1 #bi1 #cj1 #cc1 #cd47 ,! prosecution & ! def5se are bo? decl>$ to h return$ insol5t answ]s to ! que/ions ( ,pilate4 ,! ,jewi% prie/s 7 too wise = ?is1 & ,*ri/ians w be loa? to admit t _! ,savior 0 s indiscreet & s impolite z to indulge 9 su* insol5ce4 #cbh ,:at 0 ! result ( 8 trial be=e ,pilate8 ,all3 ,pilate decl>$ him innoc5t & s5t5c$ him to dea?4 ,& ,pilate1 :5 he _h call$ toge!r ! *ief prie/s & ! rul]s & ! p1 said unto !m1 ,ye h br\ght ?is man unto me1 z "o t p]v]te? ! p2 &1 behold1 ,i1 hav+ exam9$ him be=e y1 h f\nd no fault 9 ?is man t\*+ ^? ?+s :]e( ye accuse him4444 ,& ,pilate gave s5t5ce t x %\ld be z !y requir$4444 ,he deliv]$ ,jesus to _! w 7,luke xxiii1 #ac1 #ad1 #bd1 #be74 ,pilate sai? unto !m1 ,take ye him1 & crucify him2 = ,i f9d no fault 9 him 7,john xix1 #f74 ,x is impossible to believe t ! highe/ c\rt ( a c\ntry w\ld pron\nce a prison] innoc5t & !n condemn him to dea?4 ,judicial murd]s are sometimes committ$1 b ! murd]]s d n confess _! guilt4 ,x is decl>$ t ,pilate desir$ to release ,jesus b c\ld n4 ,:o rul$ ,judea1 ,pilate or ! ,sanh$rim8 ,accord+ to ! ,evangeli/s1 ! ,romans rul$ ,judea1 :ile ! ,jews rul$ ! ,romans4 ,betwe5 ! ,pilate ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & ! ,pilate ( hi/ory !re is no?+ 9 common4 ,! ,pilate ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is subs]vi5t to ! ,jews1 acc$+ to _! e wi%1 ev5 to murd]+ an innoc5t prison]4 ,! ,pilate ( hi/ory is not$ = 8 hatr$ ( ! ,jews & 8 cruelties to !m4 ,x 0 ^! :i* provok$ 8 recall4 #cbi ,:5 ,pilate c\ld n prevail ^u ! ,jews to all[ him to release ,jesus1 :at did he d8 ,mat!w3 ,he took wat]1 & wa%$ 8 h&s be=e ! multitude1 say+1 ,i am innoc5t ( ! blood ( ?is j p]son 7xxvii1 #bd74 ,mat!w does n appe> to realize ! absurdity ( suppos+ t a ,roman (ficial w\ld adopt a cu/om peculi> to a p :om he held 9 contempt4 ,& all ! eld]s ( t city1 t are next unto ! sla9 man %all wa% _! h&s 444 & !y %all answ] & say1 ,our h&s h n %$ ?is blood 7,deut]onomy xx1 #f1 #g74 #ccj ,:at indignities 7 heap$ ^u ,jesus dur+ 8 trial be=e ,pilate8 ,john3 ,!n ,pilate !re=e took ,jesus1 & sc\rg$ him4 ,& ! soldi]s platt$ a cr[n ( ?orns1 & put x on 8 head1 & !y put on him a purple robe1 & said1 ,hail1 ,k+ ( ! ,jews6 & !y smote him ) _! h&s4 ,pilate !re=e w5t =? aga91 & sai? unto !m1 ,behold1 ,i br+ him =? to y1 t ye may "k t ,i f9d no fault 9 him4 ,!n came ,jesus =?1 we>+ ! cr[n ( ?orns1 & ! purple robe4 ,& ,pilate sai? unto !m1 ,behold ! man6 7xix1 #a-e47 ,^! indignities ,jesus is said to h suff]$1 n at ! h&s ( a ,jewi% mob1 b at ! h&s ( a ,roman c\rt1 f :i* ! ,jews _h abs5t$ !mselves & ^: proce$+s !y c\ld n witness nor directly influ5ce4 ,e lawy] kn[s t = m ?an two ?\s& ye>s ! ,roman c\rt has be5 ! _w's model = dignity & fairness4 ,t an innoc5t & def5seless prison] 0 subject$ to ^! insults & brutalities 9 a ,roman c\rt1 presid$ ov] by a ,roman gov]nor1 none b a slave ( sup]/ition c believe4 #cca ,:5 0 he sc\rg$8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,be=e he 0 execut$4 ,& :5 he ,pilate _h sc\rg$ ,jesus1 he deliv]$ him to be crucifi$ 7,matt4 xxvii1 #bf2 ,m>k xv1 #ae74 ,john3 ,be=e ! t]m9ation ( 8 trial 7xix1 #a-af74 ,sc\rg+ 0 frequ5tly inflict$ by ! ,romans be=e execution1 b nev] be=e ! prison] 0 convict$ & s5t5c$4 ,! ,bible ,diction>y conc$es ! illegal & unusual "* ( ! sc\rg+ m5tion$ by ,john4 ,9 our ,"l's case1 h[ev]1 ?is infliction seems nei!r to h be5 ! legal sc\rg+ aft] s5t5ce nor yet ! exam9ation by torture 7,acts xxii1 #bd74 #ccb ,:at cu/om is said to h be5 obs]v$ at ! ,passov]8 ,all3 ,! release ( a prison] by ! ,roman gov]nor 7,matt4 xxvii1 #ae2 ,m>k xv1 #f2 ,luke xxiii1 #ag2 ,john xviii1 #ci74 ,n[ at t fea/ ! gov]nor 0 wont to release unto ! p a prison]1 :om !y w\ld4 ,!re is no hi/orical au?ority :atev] = ?is alleg$ cu/om4 ,x 0 a cu/om t ! ,roman gov]nm5t 9 ,judea c\ld n ) safety adopt4 ,! ,jews 7 a subject p1 wait+ & hop+ = an opportunity to ?r[ (f ! ,roman yoke4 ,to release to !m :omsoev] !y desir$ 7,m>k xv1 #f7 might be to release a political prison] ^: lib]ty w\ld endang] ! gov]nm5t itself4 ,?is /ory 0 probably sugge/$ by a cu/om ( ! ,roman emp]ors :o releas$ a prison] at _! bir?day fe/ivals4 #ccc ,!y dem&$ & obta9$ ! release ( ,b>rabas4 ,:o 0 ,b>rabas8 ,john3 ,a robb]4 ,n[ ,b>rabas 0 a robb] 7xviii1 #dj74 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,a murd]]4 ,b>rabas 7:o = a c]ta9 s$ition made 9 ! city1 & = murd]1 0 ca/ into prison7 7,luke xxiii1 #ah1 #ai2 ,m>k xv1 #g74 #ccd ,by :om 0 ,jesus clad 9 mock]y8 ,mat!w1 ,m>k & ,john3 ,by ,pilate's soldi]s 7,matt4 xxvii1 #bg1 #bh2 ,m>k xv1 #af1 #ag2 ,john xix1 #a1 #b74 ,luke3 ,by ,h]od & 8 soldi]s4 ,& ,h]od ) 8 m5 ( w> set him at n\ght1 & mock$ him1 & array$ him 9 a gorge\s robe 7xxiii1 #aa74 #cce ,:at 0 ! color ( ! robe !y put on him8 ,mat!w3 ,!y /ripp$ him1 & put on him a sc>let robe 7xxvii1 #bh74 ,m>k & ,john3 ,!y put on him a purple robe 7,john xix1 #b2 ,m>k xv1 #ag74 #ccf ,:5 did ?is occur8 ,john3 ,dur+ 8 trial 7xix1 #a1 #b1 #ab-af74 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,aft] ,pilate _h deliv]$ him to be crucifi$ 7,matt4 xxvii1 #bf-bh2 ,m>k xv1 #ae-ag74 #ccg ,describe ! mock+ ( ,jesus4 ,mat!w3 ,!n releas$ he ,b>rabas unto !m2 & :5 he _h sc\rg$ ,jesus1 he deliv]$ him to be crucifi$4 ,!n ! soldi]s ( ! gov]nor took ,jesus into ! common hall1 & ga!r$ unto him ! :ole b& ( soldi]s4 ,& !y /ripp$ him1 & put on him a sc>let robe4 ,& :5 !y _h platt$ a cr[n ( ?orns1 !y put x ^u 8 head1 & a re$ 9 8 "r h&2 & !y b[$ ! knee be=e him1 say+1 ,hail1 ,k+ ( ! ,jews6 7xxvii1 #bf-bi47 ,! orig9al ( ?is acc\nt ( ! mock+ ( ,jesus is to be f\nd 9 ,philo's ,adv]sus ,flaccum1 writt5 m ?an "o hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,gospels made _! appe>ance4 ,h]od ,agrippa 0 on 8 way f ,rome to ,pale/9e to assume ! gov]nm5t ( t c\ntry4 ,:5 he /opp$ at ,alex&ria 8 enemies1 to annoy him1 in/itut$ a mock coronation1 :i* ,philo relates z foll[s3 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 poor wret* nam$ ,c>rabas1 :o sp5t all 8 days & nights 9 ! roads1 ! sport ( idle *ildr5 & wanton y\?s2 & ! multitude1 hav+ driv5 him z f> z ! public gymnasium1 & hav+ set him up !re on high1 t he might be se5 ( ev]ybody1 flatt5+ out a papyrus leaf1 put x on 8 head in/ead ( a cr[n1 & clo!d ! re/ ( 8 body ) a common mat 9 place ( a robe1 & 9 lieu ( a sceptre ?ru/ into 8 h& a re$1 :i* !y f\nd ly+ by ! wayside4 ,& :5 he _h receiv$ all ! insignia ( royalty1 & _h be5 dress$ & adorn$ l a k+1 "y m5 be>+ /icks on _! %\ld]s /ood on ea* side ( him 9 imitation ( gu>ds1 :ile o!rs came up1 "s z if to salute him1 & o!rs pret5d+ to plead _! causes be=e him 7,philo's ,works1 vol4 iv1 pp4 #fh1 #fi74 #cch ,:o smote ,jesus aft] 8 trial8 ,m>k3 ,! s]vants did /rike him ) ! palms ( _! h&s 7xiv1 #fe74 ,john3 ,"o ( ! (fic]s :i* /ood by /ruck ,jesus ) ! palm ( 8 h& 7xviii1 #bb74 ,! /ories ( ^! mock+s1 revil+s1 & brutal assaults _c be accept$ z hi/orical4 ,!y are self-evid5tly false4 ,7 !y alleg$ to h be5 committ$ by an irresponsible ,jewi% or ,roman mob !y might be cr$it$2 b :5 !y are decl>$ to h be5 committ$ by1 or :ile 9 ! cu/ody ( ! highe/ ,jewi% & ,roman (ficials !y mu/ be reject$4 #cci ,to :om did ,pilate deliv] him to be crucifi$8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,to ! ,roman soldi]s4 ,& :5 he _h sc\rg$ ,jesus he deliv]$ him to be crucifi$4 ,!n ! soldi]s ( ! gov]nor took ,jesus4444 ,& :5 !y 7 come unto a place call$ ,golgo?a1 t is to say1 a place ( a skull1 444 !y crucifi$ him 7,matt4 xxvii1 #bf-ce2 ,m>k xv1 #ae-bd74 ,john3 ,he deliv]$ him to ! ,jews4 ,& he sai? unto ! ,jews1 ,behold y\r ,k+6 ,b !y cri$ out1 ,away ) him1 crucify him4 ,pilate sai? unto !m1 ,%all ,i crucify y\r ,k+8 ,! *ief prie/s answ]$1 ,we h no k+ b ,caes>4 ,!n deliv]$ he him !re=e unto !m to be crucifi$4 ,& !y took ,jesus & l$ him away4 ,& he be>+ 8 cross w5t =? into a place call$ ! place ( ! skulls1 :i* is call$ 9 ,hebrew ,golgo?a2 :]e !y crucifi$ him 7xix1 #ad-ah74 ,mat!w & ,m>k pla9ly /ate t ,jesus 0 deliv]$ to ! ,roman soldi]s2 ,john j z pla9ly /ates t he 0 deliv]$ to ! ,jews4 ,mat!w & ,m>k decl>e t he 0 crucifi$ by ! soldi]s2 ,john decl>es t he 0 crucifi$ by ! ,jews4 ,7 x n t ,john else:]e 7xix1 #bc7 contradicts himself & /ates t ! soldi]s crucifi$ him1 ! conclusion w\ld be1 aft] read+ ,john1 t he 0 crucifi$ by ! ,jews4 ,pet] decl>es t ! ,jews execut$ him4 ,address+ ! ,sanh$rim1 he says3 ,! ,god ( our fa!rs rais$ up ,jesus1 :om ye slew & hang$ on a tree 7,acts v1 #cj74 #cdj ,:o 0 compell$ to c>ry ! cross8 ,synoptics3 ,& z !y came out1 !y f\nd a man ( ,cyr5e1 ,simon by "n2 him !y compell$ to be> 8 cross 7,matt4 xxvii1 #cb2 ,m>k xv1 #ba2 ,luke xxiii1 #bf74 ,john3 ,! cross 0 borne by ,jesus himself 7xix1 #ag74 #cda ,:]e 0 ,simon :5 !y compell$ him to c>ry ! cross8 ,m>k3 ,com+ out ( ! c\ntry 7xv1 #ba74 ,! correct read+ ( ?is is1 com+ f ! field1 i4 e41 com+ f 8 "w4 ,?is is improbable z !y did n "w on ! ,passov]4 #cdb ,! ,synoptics agree 9 /at+ t ,simon 0 compell$ to c>ry ! cross4 ,is ?is probable8 ,x is n4 ,9 executions ( ?is k9d ! crim9al 0 always requir$ to c>ry x himself z a m>k ( disgrace4 #cdc ,x is inf]r$ f ! ,synoptics t ! cross 0 too heavy = ,jesus to be>1 & ,*ri/ian writ+s & pa9t+s repres5t him b5d+ ) fatigue b5ea? ! burd5 ( ! entire cross4 ,:at 0 ! burd5 he 0 requir$ to c>ry8 ,simply ! patibulum1 or cross piece1 :i* 0 n heavy4 ,! upright portion ( ! cross 0 a p]man5t fixture4 #cdd ,on 8 way to execution he made a spee* to ! wom5 ( ,j]usalem :o bewail$ 8 fate4 ,allud+1 z is alleg$1 to ! com+ de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 :at did he decl>e !y w\ld say8 ,to ! m\nta9s1 ,fall on u2 & to ! hills1 ,cov] u 7,luke xxiii1 #cj74 ,luke attempts to put into ! m\? ( ,jesus a quotation f ,hosea1 b 8 memory 0 defective4 ,:at ! prophet said 0 z foll[s3 ,to ! m\nta9s1 ,cov] u2 & to ! hills1 ,fall on u 7,hosea x1 #h74 ,r5an pron\nces ?is spee* spuri\s4 ,he says3 ,! spee* to ! wom5 ( ,j]usalem c\ld sc>cely h be5 conceiv$ except aft] ! siege ( ! ye> #gj4 #cde ,:]e 0 he crucifi$8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,at a place call$ ,golgo?a1 t is to say1 a place ( a skull 7,matt4 xxvii1 #cc2 ,m>k xv1 #bb74 ,luke3 ,at ,calv>y 7xxiii1 #cc74 ,calv>y1 l ,golgo?a1 means a place ( skulls 9 ! vic9ity ( ,j]usalem4 ,! explanation giv5 by ,*ri/ian comm5tators is t x 0 a spot :]e executions ord9>ily took place1 & !re=e ab\nd$ 9 skulls4 ,fleetwood says x 0 call$ ,golgo?a1 or ,place ( ,skulls1 f ! crim9als' bones :i* lay scatt]$ !re 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #daf74 ,:]e ,jewi% cu/oms prevail$--& x is admitt$ t !y did prevail 9 ,j]usalem & ,judea at ?is "t1 & _h = hundr$s ( ye>s--a human skull or bone 0 n all[$ to be expos$ = ev5 a mom5t4 #cdf ,:at 0 ! inscription on ! cross8 ,m>k3 ,! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7xv1 #bf74 ,luke3 ,?is is ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7xxiii1 #ch74 ,mat!w3 ,?is is ,jesus ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7xxvii1 #cg74 ,john3 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7xix1 #ai74 ,!re 0 plac$ on ! cross a c]ta9 inscription4 ,accord+ to ,luke & ,john x appe>$ 9 ,greek1 ,lat9 & ,hebrew4 ,f\r div9ely inspir$ hi/orians attempt to report 9 ,greek ! exact words ( ?is inscription4 ,yet no two ( _! reports agree4 #cdg ,did ! "n ( ,jesus appe> on ! cross8 ,mat!w & ,john3 ,x did4 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,x did n4 #cdh ,did ! ^w ,naz>e? appe> 9 ! inscription8 ,john3 ,x did4 ,synoptics3 ,x did n4 #cdi ,:at did !y (f] him to dr9k be=e crucify+ him8 ,mat!w3 ,v9eg> m+l$ ) gall 7xxvii1 #cd74 ,m>k3 ,w9e m+l$ ) myrrh 7xv1 #bc74 ,luke3 ,v9eg> alone 7xxiii1 #cf74 ,! draughts m5tion$ by ,mat!w & ,m>k ref] to a ,jewi% mixture int5d$ to produce /upefaction & less5 pa94 ,_h ! ,romans crucifi$ him x is n probable t !y w\ld h obs]v$ ?is ,jewi% cu/om4 #cej ,h[ 0 he fa/5$ on ! cross8 ,luke & ,john3 ,8 h&s & feet 7 nail$ to x 7,luke xxiv1 #ci2 ,john xx1 #be1 #bg74 ,! ,evangeli/s d n say t he 0 nail$ to ! cross2 b x has be5 inf]r$ f ! texts m5tion$ 9 ,luke & ,john t he 04 ,9 crucifixion ! victim 0 usually b\nd to ! cross4 ,nails 7 sometimes driv5 ?r\gh ! h&s1 b nev] ?r\gh ! feet4 ,! allusions to ! suppos$ w\nds on 8 h&s & feet 7 evid5tly ins]t$ 9 ! acc\nts = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ 8 id5tity aft] ! resurrection4 ,great prom95ce has be5 giv5 !m by ,*ri/ians 9 ord] to make ,*ri/'s crucifixion appe> especially cruel & create sympa?y = him4 #cea ,at :at h\r ( ! day 0 he crucifi$8 ,m>k3 ,x 0 ! ?ird h\r n9e o'clock 9 ! morn+ 7xv1 #be74 ,luke3 ,x 0 ab\t ! six? h\r noon 7xxiii1 #dd74 ,john3 ,at ! six? h\r he _h n be5 s5t5c$ & deliv]$ to ! execution]s2 h5ce he 0 n crucifi$ until ! aft]noon 7xix1 #ad-af74 ,dr4 ,geikie admits t ?ree h\rs may h elaps$ betwe5 ! t]m9ation ( 8 trial & 8 crucifixion4 ,h5ce1 accord+ to ,john1 ! crucifixion may h occurr$ z late z ?ree o'clock 9 ! aft]noon4 ,x has be5 attempt$ to expla9 ! discrepancy betwe5 ,m>k & ,john by suppos+ t ,john us$ a diff]5t me?od ( reckon+ "t4 ,conc]n+ ?is1 ,pr(4 ,s&ay1 "o ( ,engl&'s highe/ or?odox au?orities1 says3 ,! writ] ( ?is 0 at "o "t incl9$ to look ) favor on ^! attempts4 ,if ! premise c\ld be prov$1 ! data w\ld "w out satisfactorily4444 ,b x mu/ def9itely be said t ! major premise _c be prov$1 & t ! attempt to reconcile ! two /atem5ts on ?is basis breaks d[n4 #ceb ,h[ did ! soldi]s divide ! g>m5ts8 ,mat!w3 ,& !y crucifi$ him1 & p>t$ 8 g>m5ts1 ca/+ lots2 t x might be fulfill$ :i* 0 spok5 by ! prophet1 ,!y p>t$ my g>m5ts among !m1 & ^u my ve/ure did !y ca/ lots 7xxvii1 #ce74 ,john3 ,!n ! soldi]s :5 !y _h crucifi$ ,jesus1 took 8 g>m5ts1 & made f\r p>ts1 to e soldi] a "p2 & also 8 coat3 n[ ! coat 0 )\t seam1 wov5 f ! top ?r\gh\t4 ,!y said1 !re=e1 among !mselves1 ,let u n r5d x1 b ca/ lots = x1 ^: x %all be2 t ! scripture might be fulfill$1 :i* sai?1 ,!y p>t$ my raim5t among !m1 & = my ve/ure !y did ca/ lots 7xix1 #bc1 #bd74 ,accord+ to ,mat!w !y ca/ lots = all ! g>m5ts2 accord+ to ,john !y ca/ lots = ! coat alone4 ,john "h makes ! same error 9 reg>d to ! g>m5ts t ,mat!w does 9 reg>d to ! ass on :i* ,jesus made 8 triumphal entry4 ,9 ! v]se cit$ f ,psalms g>m5ts & ve/ure are ! same ?+--! clo?+ ( ! writ]4 ,"o ( ! *ief *>act]i/ics ( ,hebrew poetry1 or mu* ( x at lea/1 is t ea* successive ?\ght is /at$ twice1 b 9 diff]5t words4 #cec ,:o 7 crucifi$ ) ,jesus8 ,m>k & ,mat!w3 ,& ) him !y crucify two ?ieves 7,m>k xv1 #bg2 ,matt4 xxvii1 #ch74 ,?ieves 7 n crucifi$4 ,crucifixion1 or dea? 9 any =m1 = !ft 0 contr>y to bo? ,jewi% & ,roman law4 ,!ft 0 n a capital (f5se4 #ced ,8 crucifixion betwe5 two ?ieves fulfill$ :at prophecy8 ,m>k3 ,& ! scripture 0 fulfill$ :i* sai?1 ,& he %all be numb]$ ) ! transgressors 7xv1 #bh74 ,! same ?+ might be said ( ! ?ieves4--,pa9e4 ,?is passage is n to be f\nd 9 ! e>li] manuscripts ( ,m>k1 & ,we/cott decl>es x to be an int]polation4 #cee ,h[ long did ,jesus survive aft] be+ plac$ ^u ! cross8 ,luke3 ,ab\t ?ree h\rs 7xxiii1 #dd74 ,a ,jamaica negro slave1 crucifi$ 9 #agfj1 liv$ two hundr$ & t5 h\rs4 ,kitto says3 ,we may consid] ?irty-six h\rs to be ! e>lie/ p]iod at :i* crucifixion w\ld occasion dea? 9 a heal?y adult 7,biblical ,cyclop$ia1 ,art4 ,crucifixion74 #cef ,:at 7 8 la/ words8 ,mat!w3 ,eli1 ,eli1 lama saba*?ani1 t is to say1 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me8 7xxvii1 #df74 ,m>k3 ,eloi1 ,eloi1 lama saba*?ani1 :i* is1 be+ int]pret$1 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me8 7xv1 #cd47 ,luke3 ,fa!r1 into ?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s 7xxiii1 #df74 ,john3 ,x is f9i%$ 7xix1 #cj74 ,) ! ,f\r ,gospels be=e !m1 ,*ri/ians d n "k :at 8 la/ words 74 ,! two mo/ popul> ,engli% ,lives ( ,*ri/ are ^? ( ,dr4 ,f>r> & ,dr4 ,geikie4 ,^! writ]s 7 contempor>ies & fri5ds1 & bo? 7 adh]5ts ( ! same *ur*4 ,bo?1 ) ^! ,gospels = _! au?orities1 attempt to portray ! clos+ sc5e4 ,i quote f ea*3 ,dr4 ,f>r>3 ,& n[ ! end 0 come4 ,once m1 9 ! words ( ! sweet ,psalmi/ ( ,israel1 b add+ to !m t title ( tru/ful love :i*1 ?r\gh ,him1 is p]mitt$ to ! use ( all mank9d1 ',fa!r1' he said1 'into ,?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s4' ,!n ) "o m great ef=t he utt]$ ! la/ cry--! "o victori\s ^w1 ',x is f9i%$4' ,dr4 ,geikie3 ,a mom5t m1 & all 0 ov]4 ,! cl\d _h pass$ z sudd5ly z x rose4 ,f> & wide1 ov] ! vanqui%$ ?rongs ( 8 enemies1 ) a l\d voice1 z if utt]+ 8 %\t ( et]nal victory be=e ent]+ into 8 glory1 he cri$1 ',x is f9i%$6' ,!n1 m g5tly1 came ! words1 ',fa!r1 into ,?y h&s ,i comm5d my _s4' #ceg ,9 :at language 7 8 la/ words utt]$8 ,mat!w3 ,9 ,hebrew4 ,m>k3 ,9 ,aramaic & ,hebrew4 ,! language spok5 by ,jesus & by ! p ( ,pale/9e at ?is "t 0 ! ,aramaic4 ,m>k attempts to give ! words ( ,jesus 9 ?is language4 ,b :ile ! fir/ two words are ,aramaic1 ! la/ two are ,hebrew4 ,! words ,m>k attempts to give are ,elohi1 ,elohi1 metul mah %abaktani8 ,?is ,gospel 0 writt5 by "o ignorant ( ! language ( ,pale/9e4 #ceh ,mat!w int]prets ! ,hebrew words quot$ by him to mean1 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me8 ,is ?is correct8 ,x is n4 ,! words mean1 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ sacrific$ me8 ,! ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 x is claim$1 orig9ally appe>$ 9 ,hebrew4 ,b ?is %[s t ! au?or ( ,mat!w did n und]/& ! ,hebrew language4 #cei ,:at are ! words giv5 by ,mat!w & ,m>k8 ,! fir/ words ( ! #bb;d ,psalm4 ,9 ! words ( ,f>r>1 ,he borr[$ f ,david's utt] agony ! expression ( 8 own4 ,is x probable t a man 9 ! agonies ( a t]rible dea? w\ld devote 8 expir+ brea? to a recital ( ,hebrew poetry8 ,:5 ev5 ! dy+ words ( ?is ,*ri/ are borr[$1 is x n evid5t t ! :ole /ory ( 8 life is fabul\s8 ,! acc\nts ( ! crucifixion giv5 by ! ,evangeli/s are to a l>ge ext5t reproductions ( ! #bb;d ,psalm1 ev5 to ! language itself1 ! poetical allusions ( ! psalmi/ be+ trans=m$ into alleg$ hi/orical facts4 ,! dev\t ,*ri/ian :o is famili> ) ?is ,passion ,psalm sees 9 ! ,evangeli/s' acc\nt ( ! crucifixion a wond]ful fulfillm5t ( prophecy4 ,b ! critic sees m]ely ! borr[$ embelli%m5ts ( a leg5d4 #cfj ,:at expression did 8 words1 ,eli1 ,eli1 lama saba*?ani1 provoke8 ,mat!w3 ,"s ( !m t /ood !re1 :5 !y he>d t1 said1 ,?is man calle? = ,elias 7xxvii1 #dg74 ,?is is additional pro( ( ,mat!w's ignorance ( ,hebrew4 ,he supposes a simil>ity ( s\nd betwe5 ! two words1 :]eas !y 7 utt]ly unlike 9 pronunciation4 ,eli 0 pron\nc$ ,ali 7long a71 :ile ,elias 0 pron\nc$ ,eleeyahu4 ,b ev5 _h !y be5 s mu* alike 9 s\nd t "o might h be5 mi/ak5 = ! o!r1 z ,mat!w supposes1 ! alleg$ incid5t is disprov$ by ! fact t ! ,jews 7 n all[$ to att5d ! execution1 :ile to ! ,romans ! words 7 mean+less4 #cfa ,:o 0 x bade !m see :e!r ,elias w\ld come to 8 rescue8 ,m>k3 ,! "o :o gave him ! sponge fill$ ) v9eg>4 ,& "o ran & fill$ a sponge full ( v9eg>1 & put x on a re$1 & gave him to dr9k1 say+1 ,let alone1 let u see :e!r ,elias w come to take him d[n 7xv1 #cf74 ,mat!w3 ,x 0 n ?is p]son1 b ^? :o 7 ) him4 ,& /raightway "o ( !m ran1 & took a sponge & fill$ x ) v9eg>1 & put x on a re$1 & gave him to dr9k4 ,! re/ said1 ,let be1 let u see :e!r ,elias w come to save him 7xxvii1 #dh1 #di74 ,9 reg>d to ^! alleg$ la/ words ( ,jesus1 ,dr4 ,hooykaas says3 ,x seems to u f> m probable t ^! words ( ! ,messianic passion-psalm 7 put into ! m\? ( ,jesus by tradition ?an t he really utt]$ !m4 ,! sequel1 too1 ?r[s great suspicion on ! report2 = ! ,jews 7 n all[$ to approa* ! cross1 & :at did ! ,roman soldi]s "k ab\t ,elijah8 ,besides1 if ! ,jews _h really he>d him cry ,eli6 or ,eloi6 !y w\ld h>dly h mi/ak5 ! words ( ! tw5ty-second ,psalm = a cry to ! precursor ( ! ,messianic k+dom--a mi/ake ^u :i* _! raill]y is made to dep5d4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 put aside ^! words1 z 9 all probability unhi/orical 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 iii1 p4 #ded74 #cfb ,did ! ?ieves betwe5 :om he 0 crucifi$ bo? revile him8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,!y did4 ,& !y t 7 crucifi$ ) him revil$ him 7,m>k xv1 #cb2 ,matt4 xxvii1 #dd74 ,luke3 ,!y did n2 b "o revil$ him4 ,& "o ( ! malefactors :i* 7 hang$ rail$ on him4444 ,b ! o!r answ]+ rebuk$ him1 say+1 ,do/ n ?\ fe> ,god1 see+ ?\ art 9 ! same condemnation8 7xxiii1 #ci1 #dj47 ,if ^! m5 7 crucifi$ ) ,jesus1 z claim$1 nei!r revil$ him4 ,reason rejects ! /atem5t t a dy+ man1 suff]+ unutt]able agony1 revil$ a fell[ suff]]4 #cfc ,:at reque/ did ! p5it5t ?ief make ( ,jesus8 ,luke3 ,& he said unto ,jesus1 ,"l1 rememb] me :5 ?\ come/ into ?y k+dom 7xxiii1 #db74 ,"h ! dy+ ?ief is repres5t$ z be+ famili> ) a subject :i* ! disciples !mselves did n at ?is "t compreh5d4 #cfd ,:at did ,jesus say to ! ?ief8 ,today %alt ?\ be ) me 9 p>adise 7,luke xxiii1 #dc74 ,in/ead ( go+ to ! ,*ri/ian ,heav5 above1 !y w5t to ! ,jewi%-,pagan ,%eol 7,hell7 bel[4 ,did ,jesus recant on ! cross8 ,did he r5\nce ! ,k+dom ( ,god :5 ,god des]t$ him8 ,conc]n+ ?is rem>kable passage1 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,! ,rabbis 9 ! "t ( our ,savior taught !re 0 a region ( ! _w ( ! dead1 ( ,%eol1 9 ! he>t ( ! e>?4 ,geh5na 0 on "o side1 ) its flames & torm5ts2 ,p>adise on ! o!r1 ! int]m$iate home ( ! bless$4444 ,x is significant1 inde$1 t ! ^w 'p>adise' n[h]e occurs 9 ! public tea*+ ( our ,"l1 or 9 8 int]c\rse ) 8 disciples4 ,connect$ z x _h be5 ) ! ?\ghts ( a s5su\s happ9ess1 x 0 n ! fitte/ nor ! be/ ^w = ^? :om he 0 tra9+ to rise out ( s5su\s ?\ghts to ! high] regions ( ! spiritual life4 ,= !m1 accord+ly1 ! ,k+dom ( ,heav51 ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 are ! words mo/ dwelt on4 ,) ! ?ief dy+ on ! cross ! case 0 diff]5t4 ,we c assume no?+ 9 ! robb]-outlaw b ! mo/ rudim5t>y =ms ( ! popul> belief4 ,! answ] to 8 pray] gave him :at he ne$$ mo/1 ! assurance ( imm$iate re/ & peace4 ,! explanation ( ! apologi/ is z lame z ! /ory ( ! ,evangeli/4 ,did ,jesus g to ,hell ) ! ?ief because ! ?ief 0 unfit to g to ,heav5 ) him8 ,?is apologi/ says t ,jesus us$ ^! words--gave expression to a false doctr9e--because ! ?ief 0 incapable ( compreh5d+ ! true doctr9e4 ,b ?is conflicts ) ! alleg$ words ( ! ?ief himself :i* %[ t he did compreh5d ! nature ( ! k+dom ( ,heav54 ,x 0 ?is1 & n ! peace ( ! grave1 = :i* he pray$4 #cfe ,:at 7 ! c5turion's words8 ,luke3 ,c]ta9ly ?is 0 a righte\s man 7xxiii1 #dg74 ,mat!w3 ,truly ?is 0 ! ,son ( ,god 7xxvii1 #ed74 ,we h "h ! anomaly ( a ,roman (fic]--a ,pagan--ent]ta9+ a ,jewi% doctr9e ( a ,messiah1 & accept+ ! ,*ri/ian claim t ,jesus 0 ! ,messiah4 ,if ?is be true x is /range t he p]mitt$ 8 soldi]s to insult & abuse ,jesus4 #cff ,aft] ,jesus expir$ :at did "o ( ! soldi]s d8 ,john3 ,"o ( ! soldi]s ) a spe> pi]c$ 8 side 7xix1 #cd74 ,x is rem>kable t ! ,synoptics1 :o pret5d to relate e important incid5t connect$ ) ! crucifixion1 make no m5tion ( ! spe> ?ru/4 #cfg ,:at is said to h issu$ f ! w\nd8 ,john3 ,& =?) came !re out blood & wat] 7xix1 #cd74 ,accord+ to a well kn[n physiological fact1 if ,jesus 0 /ill alive or _h b rec5tly expir$1 n blood & wat]1 b blood alone w\ld h fl[$ f ! w\nd4 ,if he 0 dead1 & x is /at$ t he 01 !n nei!r blood nor wat] w\ld h fl[$ f x4 ,:5 blood is drawn f a liv+ body x becomes sep>at$ into two p>ts1 a ?ick sub/ance kn[n z febr9e1 & a wat]y fluid kn[n z s]um4 ,john 0 famili> ) ?is fact & suppos$ t ?is also took place 9 a corpse1 :i* is n ! case4 ,dr4 ,cabanes1 a not$ physician ( ,p>is1 writes z foll[s reg>d+ ! crucifixion ( ,jesus3 ,x appe>s t crucifixion alone c\ld n h produc$ ! dea? ( ,jesus1 & 9 ref]5ce to ! w\nds produc$ by ! nails1 ^! w\nds be+ ! result ( cru%+1 ! hemorrhage 0 small4 ,a burn+ fev] might possibly occur :i* w\ld be manife/$ by an int5se ?ir/1 b ! fl[ ( blood c\ld n be suffici5t to cause dea?4 ,dea? 9 ?is case is prec$$ by a comatose condition :i* w\ld be inconsi/5t ) ! cry utt]$ 9 a l\d voice by ,jesus %ortly be=e 8 la/ brea?4 ,all ! comm5tators ( ! gospels fur!r agree t ,jesus did n rema9 m ?an ?ree to six h\rs on ! cross1 & dea? _c be produc$ by an exposure ( ?is duration to ?is mode ( torture4 ,! g5]ally accept$ v]sion ( ! lance w\nd receiv$ by ,jesus is t ! bl[ 0 /ruck on ! left side & t !re fl[$ f ! w\nd wat] m+l$ ) blood4 ,x has be5 correctly rem>k$ t blood does n fl[ f a corpse1 & !re=e if blood foll[$ ! lance /roke1 ,jesus mu/ h be5 alive2 fur!r1 9 ord] t ! bl[ might h kill$ ! dy+ man1 x mu/ h injur$ a vital organ4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$ t a lance direct$ upw>d & f "r to left c\ld n rea* ! "r-h& cavities ( ! he>t )\t fir/ op5+ ! p]itoneal cavity1 trav]s+ ! liv]1 ! p]ic>dium & p]haps ! pleura4 ,we mu/ !re=e ask h[ ! few hundr$ grams ( blood :i* a "r v5tricle c\ld conta91 c\ld p5etrate to ! ext]ior ( ! body aft] su* a great w\nd4 ,also ) ^? :o die sl[ly !re is f\nd a di/5d$ he>t 9 :i* ! blood has v rapidly coagulat$1 & x mu/ foll[ t if a flood ( ! liquid appe>$ on ! side ( ,jesus x c\ld n h come f ! he>t4 ,) reg>d to ! v5a cava1 its situation is too f> back to h all[$ x to be t\*$ by ! lance4 ,if ! w\nd _h be5 9 ! /oma* a lesion ( ! dige/ive tube w\ld h be5 disclos$ by an ejection ( blood m+l$ ) alim5t>y matt]1 ei!r f ! m\? or ! op5+ ( ! w\nd1 or at lea/ by a dis*>ge ( blood into ! abdom9al cavity4 ,_h ! liv] be5 t\*$ ! symptoms ( an int]nal hemorrhage w\ld h be5 obs]v$1 z 9 ! case ( ,presid5t ,c>not1 9 ^: case ! bl[ ( ! poign>d1 direct$ d[nw>d1 p]=at$ ! liv] & ! portal ve91 induc+ a /ate ( coma1 :]eas ,jesus1 we h be5 told1 cri$ out ) a l\d voice4 ,we ?us see t dea? 0 n due to ! lance w\nd or to ! torture ( crucifixion1 z s (t5 /at$4 #cfh ,0 ,*ri/'s suff]+ =etold by ! prophets8 ,pet]3 ,b ^? ?+s1 :i* ,god be=e _h %[$ by ! m\? ( all 8 prophets1 t ,*ri/ %\ld suff]1 he ha? s fulfill$ 7,acts iii1 #ah74 ,god _h n %[$ by ! m\? ( all 8 prophets1 nor by ! m\? ( ev5 "o ( 8 prophets1 t ,*ri/ %\ld suff]4 ,! prophets "k no?+ ( a suff]+ ,messiah4 ,!re is n a text 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ref]r+ to su* a ,messiah4 ,! passages relat+ to suff]+ cit$ by ! ,evangeli/s & appli$ to ,*ri/ h no ref]5ce :atev] to a ,messiah4 ,! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica says3 ,t ! ,jews 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/ believ$ 9 a suff]+ & aton+ ,messiah is1 to say ! lea/1 unprov$ & highly improbable4 #cfi ,:at m>vel\s ev5ts occurr$ at ! "t ( ! crucifixion8 ,mat!w3 ,!re 0 d>kness ov] all ! l& 7xxvii1 #de74 ,! veil ( ! temple 0 r5t 9 twa9 f ! top to ! bottom2 & ! e>? did quake1 & ! rocks r5t2 & ! graves 7 op5$2 & _m bodies ( ! sa9ts :i* slept arose 7#ea1 #eb74 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,!re 0 d>kness ov] ! :ole l& 7,m>k xv1 #cc74 ,& ! veil ( ! temple 0 r5t 9 twa9 f ! top to ! bottom 7#ch74 ,m>k & ,luke "k no?+ ( two ( ! important ev5ts relat$ by ,mat!w2 ,john is ignorant ( all ( !m4 ,_h ^! ev5ts really happ5$1 ! naturali/s & *ronicl]s ( t age w\ld h record$ !m4 ,z !y make no m5tion ( !m1 we "k t !y did n occur4 ,if we accept ! claims ( _! foll[]s1 ne>ly all ! gods & h]oes ( antiquity expir$ amid ! convulsions ( ,nature4 ,! s\l ( ,romulus w5t out amid ! battl+ ( h] elem5ts2 ! sun 0 d>k5$ & ! sky ra9$ fire & a%es :5 ! ,h9du ,kri%na left 8 sadd5$ foll[]s2 ! e>? %ook1 ! rocks 7 r5t1 ! graves op5$1 & 9 a /orm :i* ?reat5$ ! dissolution ( ! univ]se1 ,prome!us clos$ 8 e>?ly c>e]2 a pall ( d>kness settl$ ov] ,egypt :5 h] ,osiris di$2 ! dea? ( ,alex&] 0 succe$$ by six h\rs ( pret]natural gloom2 &-- ,ere ! mighty ,julius fell1 ,! grave /ood t5antless1 & ! %eet$ dead ,did squeak & gibb] 9 ! ,roman /reets4 #cgj ,h[ long did ! d>kness la/8 ,synoptics3 ,f ! six? to ! n9? h\r 7,matt4 xxvii1 #de2 ,m>k xv1 #cc2 ,luke xxiii1 #dd74 ,accord+ to ,mat!w & ,luke ?is d>kness la/$ f ! "t t he 0 susp5d$ ^u ! cross until he di$4 ,yet 8 execution]s are ignorant ( x4 ,luke says3 ,8 acqua9tances1 & ! wom5 t foll[$ him f ,galilee1 /ood af> (f1 behold+ ^! ?+s ! crucifixion 7xxiii1 #di71 :i* !y c\ld n h done _h ?is d>kness really occurr$4 ,if ?is d>kness occurr$1 & began at ! six? h\r1 z /at$ by ! ,synoptics1 !n1 accord+ to ,john1 ! conclusion ( ! trial1 ! s5t5c+ ( ,jesus1 ! prep>ations = 8 execution1 & ! j\rney to ,golgo?a1 all took place dur+ ! d>kness1 a conclusion :i* ! nature ( ! n>rative utt]ly precludes4 ,*ri/ian apologi/s h cit$ ,phlegon :o notices an eclipse :i* occurr$ ab\t ?is "t4 ,b !re is a v>iance ( at lea/ six ye>s 9 reg>d to ! "t t ,jesus 0 crucifi$4 ,besides an eclipse c\ld n h occurr$ )9 two weeks ( a ,passov]1 on ! occurr5ce ( :i* he is decl>$ to h be5 execut$4 ,f>r> says3 ,x c\ld h be5 no d>kness ( any natural eclipse1 = ! ,pas*al moon 0 at ! full 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #eje74 ,geikie says3 ,x is impossible to expla9 ! orig9 ( ?is d>kness4 ,! ,passov] moon 0 !n at ! full1 s t x c\ld n h be5 an eclipse4 ,! e>li] fa!rs1 rely+ on a notice ( an eclipse t seem$ to co9cide 9 "t1 ?\gh x really did n1 fanci$ t ! d>kness 0 caus$ by x1 b incorrectly 7,life ( ,*ri/1 ,vol4 ii1 p4 #fbd1 ,notes74 ,! celebrat$ passage ( ,phlegon1 says ,gibbon1 is n[ wisely ab&on$ 7,rome1 ,vol4 i1 p4 #ehi1 ,note74 #cga ,0 ! veil ( ! temple r5t1 z our ,gospel ( ,mat!w decl>es8 ,! ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 x is affirm$1 orig9ally appe>$ 9 ,hebrew1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 :o _h ?is orig9al v]sion1 says3 ,9 t ,gospel :i* is writt5 9 ,hebrew lett]s1 we read1 n t ! veil ( ! temple 0 r5t1 b t a l9tel 7or beam7 ( a prodigi\s size fell d[n4 ,comm5t+ on ?is alleg$ prodigy1 ! r5d+ ( ! veil1 ,/rauss says3 ,n[ ! object ( ! div9e ,provid5ce 9 effect+ su* a miracle c\ld only h be5 ?is3 to produce 9 ! ,jewi% contempor>ies ( ,jesus a deep impression ( ! importance ( 8 dea?1 & to furni% ! fir/ promulgators ( ! gospel ) a fact to :i* !y might appeal 9 support ( _! cause4 ,b1 z ,s*lei]ma*] has %[n1 n[h]e else 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ei!r 9 ! apo/olic epi/les or 9 ,acts1 or ev5 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 9 connection ) ! subject ( :i* x c\ld sc>cely fail to be sugge/$1 is ?is ev5t m5tion$3 on ! contr>y1 ) ! exception ( ?is b>e ,synoptical notice1 e trace ( x is lo/2 :i* c\ld sc>cely h be5 ! case if x _h really =m$ a gr\nd ( apo/olical argum5t4 ,?us ! div9e purpose 9 orda9+ ?is miracle mu/ h totally fail$1 or1 s9ce ?is is inconceivable1 x _c h be5 orda9$ = ?is object--9 o!r words1 s9ce nei!r any o!r object ( ! miracle1 nor yet a mode 9 :i* ! ev5t might happ5 naturally c be discov]$1 x _c h happ5$ at all 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #ghi74 #cgb ,mat!w decl>es t ! dead arose on ! day ( ! crucifixion4 ,:5 did !y come out ( _! graves8 ,n until aft] ,*ri/'s resurrection1 :i* did n occur until ! foll[+ week4 ,& _m bodies ( ! sa9ts :i* slept arose1 & came out ( ! graves aft] 8 resurrection 7,matt4 xxvii1 #eb1 #ec74 ,!y 7 polite en\gh to sit 9 _! op5 graves & wait = ,*ri/ to rise fir/4--,+]soll4 #cgc ,f :at s\rce 0 ,mat!w's /ory reg>d+ ^! m>vel\s ev5ts d]iv$8 ,f ,ze*>iah3 ,& 8 feet %all /& 9 t day ^u ! ,m\nt ( ,olives1 :i* is be=e ,j]usalem on ! ,ea/1 & ! ,m\nt ( ,olives %all cleave 9 ! mid/ !re( 444 & half ( ! m\nta9 %all remove t[>d ! ,nor?1 & half ( x t[>d ! ,s\?4444 ,ye %all flee1 l z ye fl$ f be=e ! e>?quake 9 ! days ( ,uzziah ,k+ ( ,judah2 & ! ,"l my ,god %all come1 & all ! sa9ts ) !e4 ,& x %all come to pass 9 t day1 t ! light %all n be cle> 7xiv1 #d-f74 ,conc]n+ ?is ,dr4 ,wise says3 ,god :o comes1 accord+ to ,za*>iah1 to fight = ,j]usalem1 w /& ^u ,m\nt ,olivet4 ,!re=e1 ,jesus1 dur+ 8 fight aga9/ ,ph>isees1 ,sadducees & prie/s1 _h to make 8 pr9cipal home on ,m\nt ,olivet4 ,b he c\ld n split ! m\nta91 z ,za*>iah imag9$ ,god w\ld1 & move "o "p ,nor? & ! o!r ,s\?2 !re=e1 ! curta9 ( ! temple _h to be torn 9 twa9 :5 ,jesus di$1 al?\gh none has ev] m5tion$ ! fact4 ,! curta9 0 !re "s ?irty-five ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus2 _h x be5 torn1 somebody mu/ h notic$ x4 ,! e>?quake m5tion$ by ,za*>iah1 ( c\rse1 0 borr[$ to embelli% ,calv>y4444 ,because ,za*>iah /ates ,god com+ to ,j]usalem1 ',& ! ,"l my ,god come?1 all ! sa9ts ) !e1' !re=e ! sa9ts & n ! s9n]s _h to resurrect & visit ! city on t p>ticul> day4 ,b 9 ! f]tile imag9ation ( ,za*>iah1 ! day ( t t]rible combat mu/ be d>k4444 ,?is d>kness 0 transport$ ov] to ,calv>y to embelli% ! sc5e4444 ,s ^! miracles 7 n wr\ght1 b ! entire out] embelli%m5t ( ,calv>y is tak5 f ,za*>iah2 n because x 0 believ$ ?is prophecy ref]r$ to ,jesus1 b simply because ! evangelical writ]s 7 incompet5t to inv5t orig9al poetry 7,m>tyrdom ( ,jesus1 p4 #aaf74 #cgd ,:at reque/ did ! ,jews make ( ,pilate conc]n+ ,jesus & ! malefactors8 ,john3 ,!y bes\ght ,pilate t _! legs might be brok5 7xix1 #ca74 ,?is puni%m5t1 kn[n z crurifragium1 0 a di/9ct mode ( execution & 0 nev] unit$ ) crucifixion4 ,crucifixion1 we h se51 0 n employ$ to puni% !ft4 ,nei!r 0 crurifragium4 ,yet we are ask$ to believe t bo? modes ( execution1 two ( ! cruele/ =ms ( puni%m5t1 7 comb9$ to puni% ^! (f5d]s4 ,! ,synoptics d n m5tion ?is puni%m5t4 #cge ,:5 ! soldi]s broke ! legs ( ! ?ieves1 :y did !y sp>e ^? ( ,jesus8 ,john3 ,t ! scripture %\ld be fulfill$1 ,a bone ( him %all n be brok5 7xix1 #cf74 ,?is ref]s to ,exodus xii1 #df1 & relates to ! disposition to be made ( ! lamb us$ at ! ,passov]4 ,ne>ly ! entire *apt] f :i* ,john quotes is devot$ to ?is subject4 ,among o!r ?+s x /ates t ,!y %all eat ! fle% 9 t night1 444 8 head ) 8 legs1 & ) ! purt5ance !re(4 ,& ye %all let no?+ ( x rema9 until ! morn+ 7#h-aj74 ,if a "p ( ?is prophecy 0 fulfill$1 may n all ( x h be5 fulfill$8 ,& if all ( x 0 fulfill$1 w n ?is acc\nt = ! empty sepul*re8 ,reg>d+ ! failure ( ! soldi]s to break ! legs ( ,jesus1 z ord]$1 ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,an ord] hav+ be5 giv5 to ! ,roman soldi]s1 9 accordance ) ! reque/ ( ! ,jews1 to break ! legs ( ! crucifi$1 we are ask$ to believe t !y did n execute x 9 ! case ( ,jesus4 ,x is n reasonable to suppose1 h[ev]1 t ,roman soldi]s ei!r 7 9 ! habit ( disreg>d+ _! ord]s1 or c\ld h any motive = do+ s 9 ?is case1 & subject+ !mselves to ! sev]e puni%m5t = disob$i5ce inflict$ by ,roman milit>y law4 ,x is argu$ t !y saw t ,jesus 0 already dead1 &1 !re=e1 t x 0 n necess>y to break 8 legs2 b soldi]s are n 9 ! habit ( ?9k+ 9 ?is way2 !y are discipl9$ to obey 7p4 #iic74 #cgf ,:at dem& 0 made by ! ,jews on ! ev5+ ( ! crucifixion8 ,john3 ,t _! bodies be tak5 d[n f ! cross 7xix1 #ca74 ,john 0 evid5tly famili> ) ! ,mosaic law 7,deut4 xxi1 #bb1 #bc7 :i*1 9 cases ( hang+1 enjo9$ ! burial ( ! body on ! day ( execution1 b seem+ly ignorant ( ! ,roman law "u :i* !y 7 execut$1 :i*1 9 cases ( crucifixion1 prohibit$ burial1 requir+ ! body to rema9 ^u ! cross until decay$1 or birds & bea/s _h dev\r$ x4 ,! ,jews e/eem$ x s9ful to all[ a crim9al to rema9 all night ^u ! tree2 b ! ,jewi% law 0 inapplicable to ! ,roman mode ( puni%m5t :i* presuppos$ t ! crim9al w\ld rema9 on ! cross sev]al days & nights be=e dea? ensu$4 #cgg ,:at additional reason 0 !re = hav+ ! bodies tak5 d[n8 ,m>k3 ,because x 0 ! prep>ation1 t is1 ! day be=e ! ,sabba? 7xv1 #db74 ,! ,sabba? began at sunset on ! day t he is decl>$ to h be5 crucifi$4 ,! ,jewi% law w\ld n p]mit 8 body1 :e!r dead or alive1 to be expos$ on ! ,sabba?4 ,crucifixion1 z we h se51 0 a l+]+ dea?2 sev]al days usually elaps+ be=e ! victim expir$4 ,n[1 is x reasonable to suppose t ! ,jews w\ld dem&1 z claim$1 a puni%m5t la/+ sev]al days :5 !y knew t he mu/ be tak5 d[n f ! cross 9 a few h\rs8 #cgh ,:at did ,pilate d :5 ,joseph solicit$ ! body ( ,jesus8 ,m>k3 ,pilate m>vel$ if he 7 already dead 7xv1 #dd74 ,:y %\ld ,pilate m>vel if he 7 already dead :5 previ\s to ?is1 accord+ to ,john 7xix1 #ca-cc71 he _h1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,jews1 ord]$ 8 soldi]s to dispat* him if alive & take 8 body away8 #cgi ,7 ! disciples pres5t at ! crucifixion8 ,john3 ,!y 71 or "o1 at lea/ 7xix1 #bf74 ,accord+ to ! ,synoptics1 all 7 abs5t2 all _h =sak5 _! ,ma/]1 all _h fl$4 ,! ,twelve ,apo/les at ?is "t1 unless ,judas _h already hung himself1 z ,mat!w decl>es1 numb]$ "o traitor & elev5 c[>ds4 #chj ,:at wom5 foll[$ ,jesus & witness$ 8 execution8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,wom5 ( ,galilee 7,matt4 xxvii1 #ee2 ,m>k xv1 #dj1 #da74 ,luke3 ,daught]s ( ,j]usalem1 t is1 wom5 ( ,judea 7xxiii1 #bh74 #cha ,:]e 7 ,m>y ,magdal5e & h] companions dur+ ! crucifixion8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,look+ on af> (f 7,m>k xv1 #dj2 ,matt4 xxvii1 #ee1 #ef74 ,john3 ,!y /ood by ! cross 7xix1 #be74 #chb ,0 ,m>y1 ! "m ( ,jesus1 pres5t8 ,john3 ,%e 0 7xix1 #be74 ,synoptics3 ,%e 0 n4 ,! ,synoptics d n expressly /ate t %e 0 abs5t1 b if %e 0 pres5t1 z ,john affirms1 is x possible t !y w\ld ignore ! fact :5 !y m5tion ! /roll+ ,magdal5e no less ?an sev5 times8 #chc ,:o /ood by ! cross ) ! "m ( ,jesus8 ,john3 ,n[ !re /ood by ! cross ( ,jesus 8 "m1 & 8 "m's si/]1 ,m>y1 ! wife ( ,cleophas 7xix1 #be74 ,m>y mu/ h be5 a v popul> "n to be giv5 to two daught]s ( ! same family4 ,x is n probable t ^! si/]s 7 bo? nam$ ,m>y4 ,john nev] m5tions ! "n ( ,jesus' "m1 & x is evid5t t he did n suppose h] "n 0 ,m>y4 ,7 ,john ! only ,gospel1 ,*ri/ians w\ld be ignorant ( ! ,virg9's "n4 ,m>iolatry did n orig9ate 9 ! ,johann9e *ur*4 #chd ,to :om 0 entru/$ ! c>e ( ,jesus' "m8 ,john3 ,:5 ,jesus !re=e saw 8 "m1 & ! disciple /&+ by :om he lov$ ,john1 he sai? unto 8 "m1 ,woman1 behold ?y son6 ,!n sai? he to ! disciple1 ,behold ?y "m6 ,& f t h\r t disciple took h] unto 8 own h\se 7xix1 #bf1 #bg74 ,! tea*] :o _h be5 to him z a bro!r leaves to him a bro!r's duty4 ,he is to be z a son to ! "m :o is left desolate4--,bible ,diction>y4 ,v t\*+ly express$4 ,b :y 0 ?is duty impos$ ^u ,john :5 ! ,apo/le ,james 7! ,less7 0 a bro!r ( ,jesus & a son ( ,m>y8 ,0 he a wor?less +rate1 unable & unwill+ to c>e = h]8 ,& :at ( ,joses1 & ,juda1 & ,simon1 & h] daught]s :o rema9$ at home8 ,_h !y turn$ _! "m out ( doors8 #che ,9 ^: sepul*] 0 ! body ( ,jesus plac$8 ,mat!w3 ,joseph laid x 9 8 own new tomb :i* he _h hewn out 9 ! rock 7xxvii1 #fj74 ,john3 ,n[ 9 ! place :]e he 0 crucifi$ !re 0 a g>d52 & 9 ! g>d5 a new sepul*]1 :]e9 0 nev] man yet laid4 ,!re laid !y ,jesus !re=e because ( ! ,jew's prep>ation day2 = ! sepul*] 0 nigh at h& 7xix1 #da1 #db74 ,x is evid5t f ,john t ! sepul*] did n belong to ,joseph1 b t x 0 "o :i* happ5$ to be conv5i5t to ! place ( crucifixion2 =1 z ,/rauss ju/ly argues3 ,! vic9ity ( ! grave1 :5 alleg$ z a motive1 excludes ! fact ( possession4 #chf ,0 8 body embalm$ :5 x 0 laid 9 ! sepul*]8 ,john3 ,x 04 ,he ,joseph came !re=e1 & took ! body ( ,jesus4 ,& !re came also ,nicodemus1 :i* at ! fir/ came to ,jesus by night1 & br\ght a mixture ( myrrh & aloes1 ab\t an hundr$ p\nd weight4 ,!n took !y ! body ( ,jesus1 & w\nd x 9 l95 clo!s ) ! spices1 z ! mann] ( ! ,jews is to bury 7xix1 #ch-dj74 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,x 0 n embalm$4 ,! wom5 also1 :i* came ) him f ,galilee1 foll[$ aft]1 & beheld ! sepul*]1 & h[ 8 body 0 laid4 ,& !y return$1 & prep>$ spices & o9tm5ts 7,luke xxiii1 #ee1 #ef72 int5d+ to embalm x :5 ! ,sabba? 0 pa/ 7,m>k xvi1 #a74 #chg ,:at is said 9 reg>d to wrapp+ ! body ( ,jesus by ,joseph8 ,m>k3 ,he b\ght f9e l951 & took him d[n1 & wrapp$ him 9 ! l95 7xv1 #df74 ,?is /atem5t is reject$ by critics4 ,a memb] ( ! ,sanh$rim w\ld n desecrate ! ,passov] by mak+ a pur*ase on x4 #chh ,:at 0 ! am\nt ( ! mat]ial us$ 9 embalm+ ,jesus8 ,john3 ,a hundr$ p\nds 7xix1 #ci74 ,?is 0 suffici5t to embalm a doz5 bodies4 ,yet aft] see+ 8 body lit]ally buri$ 9 ! mat]ial1 ! wom51 we are told1 procur$ m4 #chi ,:5 did ! wom5 procure mat]ials = embalm+ ,jesus8 ,luke3 ,!y return$1 & prep>$ spices & o9tm5ts2 & re/$ ! ,sabba? ,day 7xxiii1 #ef74 ,m>k 7,new ,v]473 ,& :5 ! ,sabba? 0 pa/1 ,m>y ,magdal5e & ,m>y ! "m ( ,james1 & ,salome1 b\ght spices t !y might come & ano9t him 7xvi1 #a74 ,accord+ to ,luke !y prep>$ ! spices be=e ! ,sabba? began1 t is1 be=e ! end ( ! six? day2 accord+ to ,m>k1 !y did n procure !m until ! ,sabba? 0 pa/1 t is1 n until ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ day4 #cij ,:5 did !y g to embalm ! body8 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,:5 ! ,sabba? 0 pa/1 444 ! fir/ day ( ! week 7,m>k xvi1 #a1 #b2 ,luke xxiv1 #a74 ,is x reasonable to suppose t 9 t w>m spr+ climate 7,dr4 ,geikie speaks ( ! fi]ce heat t prevail$ at ! "t71 !y w\ld let a w\nd$ body lie two days1 until decomposition _h comm5c$1 & !n attempt to embalm x8 #cia ,:5 0 ! sepul*] clos$8 ,all3 ,:5 ! body 0 plac$ 9 x 7,matt4 xxvii1 #fj2 ,m>k xv1 #df2 ,luke xxiii1 #ec1 xxiv1 #a1 #b2 ,john xix1 #da1 #db1 xx1 #a74 ,accord+ to ! ,evangeli/s1 ! /one 0 roll$ to ! door ( ! sepul*] z soon z ! body 0 deposit$1 & accord+ to ,m>k & ,luke1 ! wom5 7 tr\bl$ z to :o %\ld roll away ! /one :5 !y w5t to embalm ! body4 ,9 sepulture ( ?is k9d1 ! tomb 0 n clos$ until ! ?ird day1 & :5 once clos$ x 0 n to be op5$4 ,?is deviation f ! cu/om>y mode is evid5tly = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ fai? 9 ! doctr9e ( ! resurrection1 by %utt+ (f all means ( escape or removal )\t sup]natural aid4 ,! ,evangeli/s are p>ticul> to /ate t ,joseph roll$ a great /one to ! door4 ,9 a s+le p>agraph1 ,scribn]'s ,bible ,diction>y conc$es no less ?an sev5 ,synoptical errors reg>d+ ! trial1 crucifixion & burial ( ,jesus3 ,! ,synopti/s make ! ,sanh$rim say be=eh& t !y w n arre/ ,jesus 'on ! fea/ day1' & !n actually arre/ him on t day2 t n only ! gu>ds1 b "o ( ! disciples c>ries arms1 :i* on ! fea/ day 0 n all[$2 t ! trial 0 also held on ! fea/ day1 :i* w\ld be unlawful2 t ! fea/ day w\ld n be call$ ',prep>ation'2 t ! phrase 'com+ f ! field' 7,mk4 xv1 #ba7 means prop]ly 'com+ f "w'2 t ,joseph ( ,arima!a is repres5t$ z buy+ a l95 clo? 7,mk4 xv1 #df71 & ! wom5 z prep>+ spices & o9tm5ts 7,lk4 xxiii1 #ef71 all ( :i* w\ld be contr>y to law & cu/om4 #cib ,9 :at ye> 0 ,jesus crucifi$8 ,n "o ( ! ,evangeli/s kn[s4 ,!y agree t he 0 crucifi$ dur+ ! "t t ,pontius ,pilate 0 procurator ( ,judea1 & ,joseph ,caiaphas 0 high prie/ ( ! ,jews4 ,b ?is1 s f> z ,mat!w1 ,m>k & ,john are conc]n$1 may h be5 any "t f #bf to #cf ,a4 ,d4 ,luke1 :ile he does n /ate ! p>ticul> ye>1 nor furni% data = det]m9+ x1 is m def9ite4 ,he says t ,jesus began 8 m9i/ry 9 ! fifte5? ye> ( ! reign ( ,tib]ius ,caes>1 & 8 n>rative cle>ly implies t he 0 crucifi$ at ! foll[+ ,passov]4 ,tib]ius comm5c$ 8 reign 9 ,augu/1 #ad ,a4 ,d4 ,! fifte5? ye> ( 8 reign1 !n1 ext5d$ f ,augu/1 #bh ,a4 ,d41 to ,augu/1 #bi ,a4 ,d4 ,if ,jesus began 8 m9i/ry dur+ ! fir/ mon?s ( ?is ye>1 he might h be5 crucifi$ z e>ly z ! spr+ ( #bi4 ,b x is g5]ally conc$$ t ! "t :i* ?is w\ld all[ = 8 m9i/ry 0 f> too brief1 & t he c\ld n h be5 crucifi$ be=e #cj ,a4 ,d4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs :o1 = ! mo/ "p1 accept$ ! tradition ( ,luke & affirm$ t 8 m9i/ry la/$ b "o ye>1 or less1 held t ! crucifixion occurr$ 9 #bi ,a4 ,d4 ,scribn]'s ,bible ,diction>y gives pref]5ce to #bi ,a4 ,d4 ,cu?b]t ,hamilton ,turn]1 ,m4,a41 ,ox=d1 ! ,new ,te/am5t *ronologi/ ( t "w1 aft] a l5g?y review ( ! subject1 says3 ,to sum up briefly1 ! sep>ate results ( five l9es ( enquiry h>monize ) "o ano!r beyond expectation1 s t ea* 9 turn supplies fre% security = ! re/4 ,! nativity 9 ,b4 ,c4 #g-f2 ! age ( our ,"l at ! baptism1 #cj ye>s1 m or less2 ! baptism 9 ,a4 ,d4 #bf 7#bf-bg72 ! duration ( ! m9i/ry betwe5 two & ?ree ye>s2 ! crucifixion 9 ,a4 ,d4 #bi4 ,?is au?ority /ates t 8 m9i/ry la/$ two or ?ree ye>s4 ,x 0 necess>y to d ?is or reject ,john4 ,by tak+ a ye> or m f ,john's m9i/ry ( ,jesus & add+ x to ! "o ye> m9i/ry ( ! ,synoptics--by assum+ t ! ,synoptics omit to m5tion "o or m ,passov]s1 & t "o ( ! ,passov]s m5tion$ by ,john 0 "s o!r fea/--x pret5ds to h reconcil$ ! discrepancy reg>d+ ! l5g? ( ,*ri/'s m9i/ry4 ,b if 8 m9i/ry la/$ two or ?ree ye>s1 z affirm$1 he c\ld n h be5 crucifi$ 9 #bi ,a4 ,d4 ,) or?odox comm5tators1 a favorite me?od ( reconcil+ ,old ,te/am5t dates1 z ,i h not$ 9 a previ\s "w1 is to assume t a k+1 conc]n+ ! date ( ^: accession1 or l5g? ( reign1 a discrepancy appe>s1 reign$ 9 consort ) 8 pr$ecessor = a numb] ( ye>s suffici5t to cov] ! discrepancy4 ,?is di%one/ me?od ( explanation--= x is a di%one/ trick1 int5d$ to deceive ! read] & hide f him an error--has be5 employ$ to reconcile ,luke & ,john4 ,by assum+ t ,tib]ius divid$ ! gov]nm5t ) ,augu/us = two ye>s prec$+ 8 accession to ! ?rone1 an assumption = :i* !re is no cr$ible au?ority1 & t ,luke accord+ly reckons ! fifte5? ye> f #ab ,a4 ,d41 in/ead ( #ad ,a4 ,d41 :5 he really became emp]or1 x is possible to give ,jesus a m9i/ry ( two or ?ree ye>s & /ill h him crucifi$ 9 #bi ,a4 ,d4 ,b ano!r irreconcilable difficulty rema9s4 ,! ,synoptics /ate t he 0 crucifi$ on ! ,passov] & on ! day prec$+ ! ,sabba?1 t is1 on ,friday4 ,if s1 he c\ld n h be5 crucifi$ 9 #bi ,a4 ,d41 = ! ,passov] did n fall on ,friday t ye>4 ,dr4 ,f>r> says x is highly probable t ! crucifixion took place at ! passov] ( ,m>*1 #cj ,a4 ,d4 ,ju/ice ,bradley ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt1 :o made an exhau/ive exam9ation ( all ! evid5ce & argum5ts be>+ on ! "q1 decid$ 9 favor ( #cj ,a4 ,d4 ,he says3 ,!re 7 only ?ree ye>s f ,a4 ,d4 #bg to ,a4 ,d4 #cf1 inclusive1 9 :i* ! #a/ ( ,nisan1 & consequ5tly ! #ae? ( ,nisan1 happ5$ on ,friday1 & ^! 7 ,a4 ,d4 #bg1 #cj & #cc1 ! la/ ( :i* is v d\btful4 ,b ! crucifixion c\ld n h happ5$ be=e ,a4 ,d4 #bh1 & probably n lat] ?an ,a4 ,d4 #ca4 ,!re=e ! ye> #cj is ! only "o :i* satisfies all ! conditions ( ! problem4444 ,n[1 s9ce 9 ,a4 ,d4 #cj1 ! #a/ ( ,nisan fell on ,friday1 ! #bd? ( ,m>*1 ! #ae? fell on ,friday1 ! #g? ( ,april1 :i* 0 ! day ( ! crucifixion4 ,dr4 ,f>r> & ,ju/ice ,bradley are agre$ 9 reg>d to ! ye> ( ! crucifixion1 b !y are n agre$ 9 reg>d to ! cal5d> mon? 9 :i* x occurr$4 ,dr4 ,f>r> says x occurr$ 9 ,m>*2 ,ju/ice ,bradley says x occurr$ 9 ,april4 ,ju/ice ,bradley says t #cj ,a4 ,d4 satisfies all ! conditions4 ,x does satisfy ! conditions ( ! ,synoptics1 b x does n satisfy ! conditions ( ,john1 z claim$4 ,to satisfy ! conditions ( ,john x is necess>y to adopt ! unt5able hypo!sis ( #ab ,a4 ,d4 z ! date ( ,tib]ius ,caes>'s accession4 ,b :atev] satisfies ! conditions ( ,john mu/ necess>ily conflict ) ^? ( ! ,synoptics4 ,"s ,*ri/ian s*ol>s place ! crucifixion 9 #ca ,a4 ,d41 o!rs 9 #cb ,a4 ,d4 ,b nei!r ye> c be h>moniz$ ) ! ,synoptics' /atem5t t he 0 put to dea? on ! ,passov]1 or ) ,john's t he suff]$ on ! day ( ,prep>ation4 ,nei!r c !y be h>moniz$ ) ei!r ! ,synoptics or ,john 9 reg>d to ! duration ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,x is probable t a majority ( ,*ri/ian s*ol>s today believe t ,jesus 0 crucifi$ 9 #cc4 ,r5an accept$ ?is date4 ,he says3 ,accord+ to ! calculation we adopt1 ! dea? ( ,jesus happ5$ 9 ! ye> #cc ( our era4 ,x c\ld n1 at all ev5ts1 be ei!r be=e ! ye> #bi1 ! prea*+ ( ,john & ,jesus hav+ comm5c$ 9 ! ye> #bh1 or aft] #ce1 s9ce 9 ! ye> #cf1 & probably be=e ! ,passov]1 ,pilate & ,kaiapha bo? lo/ _! (fices4 ,! adoption ( #cc all[s = ! f\r ye>s' m9i/ry ascrib$ to ,jesus by ,john1 b x _c be reconcil$ ) ! brief m9i/ry ascrib$ to him by ! ,synoptics4 ,z = ,r5an1 :o 9 ! fir/ edition ( 8 ,jesus accept$ ! au!nticity ( ,john1 b subsequ5tly reject$ x & accept$ only ! ,synoptics1 he has no ,evangeli/ic au?ority = #cc4 ,! ,dut* !ologians1 ,ku551 ,oort & ,hooykaas1 & _m o!r ,rationali/s1 give #ce ,a4 ,d4 ! pref]5ce4 ,to accept ?is ye>1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to reject ! ,passov] crucifixion1 & to assign to ,jesus a mu* long] m9i/ry ?an ev5 ,john assigns4 ,( "o hundr$ ,*ri/ian au?orities :o attempt to "n ! ye> 9 :i* ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$1 tw5ty-?ree say #bi1 eighte5 #cj1 n9e #ca1 sev5 #cb1 ?irty-sev5 #cc1 & six #ce ,a4 ,d4 ,?us x w be se5 t n a ye> t c be nam$ c be h>moniz$ ) ! acc\nts ( ! crucifixion giv5 9 ! f\r gospels4 ,! result is t !re is z great a lack ( agreem5t 9 reg>d to ! "t ( ,*ri/'s dea? z !re is 9 reg>d to ! "t ( 8 bir?4 ,*ri/ians d n "k :5 he 0 born1 !y d n "k :5 he di$1 !y _c prove t he liv$4 #cic ,on :at day ( ! mon? 0 he crucifi$8 ,synoptics3 ,on ! #ae? ( ,nisan4 ,john3 ,on ! #ad? ( ,nisan4 ,?is discrepancy is conc$$ by ,scribn]'s ,bible ,diction>y4 ,x says3 ,x is ! ,la/ ,supp] :i* ! ,synoptics appe> to fix by id5tify+ x ) ! ,passov]4 ,!y say expressly t on ! morn+ ( ! 'fir/ day ( unleav5$ bread1 :5 !y sacrific$ ! passov]' 7,mk4 xiv1 #ab71 ! disciples ask$ :]e ! ,passov] 0 to be eat54 ,?is w\ld be on ! morn+ ( ,nisan #ad4 ,9 ! ev5+1 :i* f twilight onw>ds w\ld belong to ,nisan #ae1 w\ld foll[ ! ,la/ ,supp]1 & on ! next aft]noon 7/ill1 on ! ,jewi% reckon+1 ,nisan #ae7 ! crucifixion4 ,/4 ,john1 on ! o!r h&1 by a numb] ( cle> indications 7,john xiii1 #a1 xviii1 #bh1 xix1 #ad1 #ca7 implies t ! ,la/ ,supp] 0 eat5 be=e ! "t ( ! regul> ,passov]1 & t ! ,"l suff]$ on ! aft]noon ( ,nisan #ad1 ab\t ! "t ( ! slay+ ( ! ,pas*al lamb4 ,we are ?us left ) a conflict ( te/imony4 #cid ,on :at day ( ! week 0 he crucifi$8 ,synoptics3 ,on ,friday4 ,john3 ,on ,?ursday4 ,! ,synoptics agree t he 0 crucifi$ on ! day foll[+ ! ,prep>ation1 t is1 on ! day ( ! ,passov]1 & ! day prec$+ ! ,sabba?4 ,z ! ,jewi% ,sabba? fell on ,saturday1 he 01 !re=e1 crucifi$ on ,friday4 ,john repeat$ly decl>es t 8 trial & crucifixion occurr$ on ! prep>ation ( ! passov]4 ,if ! ,passov] occurr$ on ,friday1 z ! ,synoptics /ate1 he 0 crucifi$ on ! prec$+ day1 or ,?ursday4 ,x is claim$ by "s1 ?\gh ! claim is disput$1 t ! ,synoptics are 9 error1 t ! ,passov] 0 nev] held on ,friday4 #cie ,on :at day ( ! fea/ did ! crucifixion occur8 ,synoptics3 ,on ! ,passov]4 ,john3 ,on ! day ( ,prep>ation4 ,x is expressly /at$ 9 ! ,synoptics t he celebrat$ ! ,passov] be=e 8 dea?4 ,!n came ! day ( unleav5$ bread1 :5 ! passov] mu/ be kill$4 ,& he s5t ,pet] & ,john1 say+1 ,g & prep>e u ! passov]1 t we may eat4444 ,& !y made ready ! passov]4 ,& :5 ! h\r 0 come1 he sat d[n1 & ! twelve apo/les ) him4 ,& he said unto !m1 ,) desire ,i h desir$ to eat ?is passov] ) y be=e ,i suff] 7,luke xxii1 #g-ae2 ,matt4 xxvi1 #ag-bj2 ,m>k xiv1 #ab-ah74 ,! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel decl>es t ! ,la/ ,supp] 0 n ! ,pas*al meal1 & t ,jesus 0 crucifi$ on ! day prec$+ ! ,passov]1 t is1 on ! day ( ,prep>ation4 ,he ref]s to ! ev5ts connect$ ) ! ,la/ ,supp] z hav+ tak5 place be=e ! passov] 7xiii1 #a72 aft] supp]1 :5 ,jesus bade ,judas d quickly :at he propos$ to d1 he /ates t ! disciples ?\ght because ,judas _h ! bag1 t ,jesus _h said unto him1 ,buy ^? ?+s t we h ne$ ( aga9/ ! fea/ 7xiii1 #bi72 at ! trial1 he says1 ! ,jews !mselves w5t n into ! judgm5t hall1 le/ !y might be defil$1 b t !y might eat ! passov] 7xviii1 #bh72 :5 ,pilate is ab\t to deliv] him up to be crucifi$1 he ev5 goes out ( ! way to repeat t ,x 0 ! prep>ation ( ! passov] 7xix1 #ad74 ,?is discrepancy is n1 l _m o!r ,bible discrepancies1 an un9t5tional error4 ,x repres5ts a conflict betwe5 two dogmas4 ,! primitive *ur* 0 r5t ) diss5sions reg>d+ ?is "q1 "s cont5d+ t ,*ri/ suff]$ on ! #ad? ,nisan1 o!rs t x 0 on ! #ae?4 ,dur+ ! second c5tury--! c5tury 9 :i* our gospels appe>$--?is controv]sy 0 especially bitt]4 ,accord+ to ,john 7i1 #bi1 xix1 #cc1 #cf7 ,jesus 0 ! ,pas*al ,lamb1 & z su*1 mu/ be sla9 on ! day ( ,prep>ation4 ,! slay+ ( ! lambs began at ?ree o'clock 9 ! aft]noon1 ! h\r at :i* ,jesus is said to h expir$4 ,! ,synoptics1 on ! o!r h&1 9 ord] to enable him to p>take ( ! ,pas*al meal & in/itute ! ,eu*>i/1 :i* is a survival & p]petuation ( ! ,passov]1 mu/ prolong 8 exi/5ce until aft] ?is meal1 & consequ5tly 8 crucifixion _c take place until ! foll[+ day4 ,x 0 impossible = him to be ! ,pas*al ,lamb & at ! same "t p>take ( ! ,pas*al meal4 ,?is necess>ily produc$ a s*ism4 ,! ,f\r? ,gospel 0 writt5 9 support ( ! "o side1 ! ,synoptics 9 support ( ! o!r4 ,x is decl>$ by ! mo/ em95t fa!rs ( ! second c5tury t ! ,apo/le ,john1 :om "s ( !m _h kn[n1 0 accu/om$ to obs]ve ! ,pas*al meal4 ,?is is ano!r argum5t aga9/ ! ,johann9e au?or%ip ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,"l's ,supp]1 z record$ 9 ,john1 ! ,bible = ,le>n]s says3 ,x 0 n ! ,pas*al meal4 ,! ,passov] did n beg9 until ! foll[+ ev5+2 = he himself :o 0 ! true ,pas*al ,lamb1 & z su* made an end ( all sacrifices1 mu/ be put to dea? at ! v day & h\r orda9$ = ! slaught] ( ! lamb--n tw5ty-f\r h\rs lat] z ! ,synoptic ,gospels say 7,vol4 iii1 p4 #fhd74 ,admitt+ ! discrepancy1 b )\t det]m9+ :i* is correct1 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,! cr[n+ application ( ! ,pas*al rites to ! tru?s ( :i* !y 7 ! %ad[y promises appe>s to be t :i* is af=d$ by ! fact t our ,"l's dea? occurr$ dur+ ! fe/ival4 ,accord+ to ! ,div9e purpose1 ! true ,lamb ( ,god 0 sla9 at ne>ly ! same "t z '! ,"l's ,passov]1' 9 ob$i5ce to ! lett] ( ! law4 ,x 0 n accord+ to ! ,div9e purpose t ,jesus 0 sla9 at ! ,passov]1 b x 0 accord+ to a human inv5tion t he is decl>$ to h be5 sla9 at ?is "t4 ,^! attempts to connect ! crucifixion ) ! ,passov] af=d ! /ronge/ pro( t x is a my?4 #cif ,:at l$ to ! arre/ & crucifixion ( ,jesus8 ,john3 ,8 miracle ( rais+ ,laz>us f ! dead4 ,on le>n+ ( x ! ,jewi% c\ncil met1 & f t day =? !y took c\nsel toge!r = to put him to dea? 7xi1 #dg1 #ec74 ,?is is m difficult to believe ?an ! miracle itself4 ,x is ! mo/ improbable /atem5t ev] p5n$--! "o t does mo/ viol5ce to human reason4 ,! crude/ savages on e>? w\ld n h sla9 nor ev5 h>m$ a man :o _h prov$ himself ! ,conqu]or & ,k+ ( ,dea?4 #cig ,:at did ,*ri/ say dur+ 8 m9i/ry conc]n+ ! cross8 ,he t take? n 8 cross1 & foll[e? aft] me is n wor?y ( me 7,mat!w x1 #ch2 ,luke xiv1 #bg74 ,:osoev] w come aft] me1 let him d5y himself1 & take up 8 cross1 & foll[ me 7,m>k viii1 #cd74 ,if any man w come aft] me1 let him d5y himself1 & take up 8 cross daily & foll[ me 7,luke ix1 #bc74 ,^! utt]ances are alleg$ to h be5 made e>ly 9 8 m9i/ry4 ,n[1 ! cross z a ,*ri/ian symbol is suppos$ to h be5 adopt$ aft]1 & n until aft]1 ! crucifixion4 ,its introduction 9 ! passages quot$ sugge/s "o ( two ?+s3 ei!r t ! ,synoptics put into ! m\? ( ,jesus words t he nev] utt]$1 or t ! cross1 z a religi\s symbol1 0 us$ be=e ! crucifixion1 9 :i* case its adoption by ! *ur* is no pro( ( ! crucifixion4 #cih ,! s-call$ hi/orical books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! ,f\r ,gospels & ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 decl>e t ,*ri/ 0 crucifi$4 ,d ! rema9+ books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t confirm x8 ,9 ! fir/ f\r ,paul9e ,epi/les1 kn[n z ! g5u9e ,epi/les ( ,paul1 ! v]b crucify--crucifi$ appe>s 9 t5 diff]5t texts1 z foll[s3 ,kn[+ ?is1 t our old man is crucifi$ ) him1 t ! body ( s9 might be de/roy$ 7,romans vi1 #f74 ,is ,*ri/ divid$8 ,0 ,paul crucifi$ = y8 7#a ,cor9?ians1 i1 #ac47 ,b we prea* ,*ri/ crucifi$1 unto ! ,jews a /umbl+ block1 & unto ! ,greeks fooli%ness 7#bc74 ,= ,i det]m9$ n to "k any ?+ among y1 save ,jesus ,*ri/1 & him crucifi$ 7ii1 #b74 ,= _h !y kn[n x1 !y w\ld n h crucifi$ ! ,"l ( glory 7#h74 ,= ?\gh he 0 crucifi$ ?r\gh weakness1 yet he live? by ! p[] ( ,god 7#b ,cor9?ians xiii1 #d74 ,i am crucifi$ ) ,*ri/ 7,galatians ii1 #bj74 ,o fooli% ,galatians1 :o ha? bewit*$ y1 t ye %\ld n obey ! tru?1 be=e ^: eyes ,jesus ,*ri/ ha? be5 evid5tly set =?1 crucifi$ among y8 7iii1 #a47 ,& !y t are ,*ri/'s h crucifi$ ! fle% ) ! affections & lu/s 7v1 #bd74 ,b ,god =bid t ,i %\ld glory1 save 9 ! cross ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 by :om ! _w is crucifi$ unto me1 & ,i unto ! _w 7vi1 #ad74 ,web/] def9es ?is ^w z foll[s3 #a4 ,to nail to a cross2 to put to dea? by nail+ ! h&s & feet to a cross or gibbet1 sometimes1 anci5tly1 by fa/5+ a crim9al to a tree ) cords4 #b4 ,9 scriptural language1 to subdue2 to mortify2 to de/roy ! p[] or rul+ influ5ce (4 #c4 ,to reject & despise4 #d4 ,to vex or torm5t4 ,! fir/1 only1 d5otes a physical crucifixion1 :i*1 x is claim$1 ,*ri/ suff]$4 ,! ^w1 z us$ by ,paul1 9 mo/ in/ances1 cle>ly d5otes a crucify+ ( ! passions & c>nal pleasures1 & ! exceptions1 :5 tak5 9 connection ) ,paul's well kn[n tea*+s1 & all[+ = ! probable corruption ( ! orig9al text1 d n confirm ! ,evangeli/ic acc\nts ( ! crucifixion4 ,besides ?is x is admitt$ t ,paul did n witness ! crucifixion1 & t ^! ,epi/les1 ev5 if au!ntic1 7 n writt5 until ne>ly ?irty ye>s aft] x is said to h occurr$4 ,9 ! eighte5 books :i* foll[1 ! ^w crucify appe>s b twice--9 ,hebrews 7vi1 #f7 & 9 ,revelation 7xi1 #h74 ,! ^w crucifixion does n appe> once 9 ! ,bible4 ,conc]n+ ! books we h be5 consid]+ 9 ?is criticism1 ,pa9e writes z foll[s3 ,:e!r ! f\rte5 epi/les ascrib$ to ,paul 7 writt5 by him or n1 is a matt] ( indiff]5ce2 !y are ei!r argum5tative or dogmatical2 & z ! argum5t is defective & ! dogmatical "p is m]ely presumptive1 x signifies n :o wrote !m4 ,& ! same may be said = ! rema9+ p>ts ( ! ,te/am5t4 ,x is n ^u ! ,epi/les1 b ^u :at is call$ ! ,gospel1 conta9$ 9 ! f\r books ascrib$ to ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 & ^u ! pret5d$ prophecies1 t ! !ory ( ! *ur* call+ itself ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is f\nd$4 ,! ,epi/les are dep5d5t ^u ^?1 & mu/ foll[ _! fate2 = if ! /ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ be fabul\s1 all reason+ f\nd$ ^u x z a suppos$ tru? mu/ fall ) x 7,age ( ,reason74 #cii ,h[ old 0 ,jesus at ! "t ( 8 dea?8 ,luke3 ,he 0 b little m ?an ?irty ye>s old4 ,john3 ,he 0 ne>ly fifty4 ,9 a controv]sy ) ! ,jews1 dur+ 8 m9i/ry1 he said3 ,y\r fa!r ,abraham rejoic$ to see my day3 & he saw1 & 0 glad4 ,!n said ! ,jews unto him1 ,?\ art n yet fifty ye>s old1 & ha/ ?\ se5 ,abraham8 7viii1 #ef1 #eg47 ,?is implies t he 0 ne>ly fifty at ?is "t4 ,discuss+ ! "q ( ,jesus' age1 ,/4 ,ir5aeus1 ! mo/ r5[n$ ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 & ! f\nd] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t canon1 :o liv$ 9 ! c5tury imm$iately foll[+ ,jesus1 says3 ,he ,*ri/ came to save all ?r\gh means ( himself--all ,i say1 :o ?r\gh him are born aga9 to ,god--infants & *ildr51 & boys1 & y\?s1 & old m54 ,he !re=e pass$ ?r\gh e age2 becom+ an infant = infants1 ?us sanctify+ infants2 a *ild = *ildr51 ?us sanctify+ ^? :o are ( ?is age1 be+ at ! same "t made to !m an example ( piety1 righte\sness & submission2 a y\? = y\?s1 becom+ an example to y\?s1 & ?us sanctify+ !m = ! ,"l4 ,s likewise1 he 0 an old man = old m51 t he might be a p]fect ma/] = all2 n m]ely z respects ! sett+ =? ( ! tru?1 b also z reg>ds age2 sanctify+ at ! same "t1 ! ag$ also1 & becom+ an example to !m likewise4 ,!n1 at la/1 he came on to dea? itself1 t he might be ! fir/ born f ! dead1 t 9 all ?+s he might h ! pre-em95ce2 ! ,pr9ce ( ,life1 exi/+ be=e all1 & go+ be=e all 7,aga9/ ,h]esies1 ,book iv1 *4 xxii1 sec4 #d74 ,comm5t+ on ! passage quot$ f ,john1 ,ir5aeus says3 ,b besides ?is1 ^? v ,jews :o ?us disput$ ) ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 h mo/ closely indicat$ ! same ?+4 ,= :5 ! ,"l said to !m1 ',y\r fa!r ,abraham rejoic$ to see my day1 & he saw x1 & 0 glad2' !y answ]$ him1 ',?\ art n yet fifty ye>s old2 & ha/ ?\ se5 ,abraham8' ,n[1 su* language is fitt+ly appli$ to "o :o has already pass$ ! age ( =ty1 )\t hav+ yet rea*$ 8 fiftie? ye>1 yet is n f> f ?is latt] p]iod4 ,b to "o :o is only ?irty ye>s old1 x w\ld unque/ionably be said1 ',?\ art n yet =ty ye>s old4' ,= ^? :o wi%$ to convict him ( falsehood1 w\ld c]ta9ly n ext5d ! numb] ( 8 ye>s f> beyond ! age :i* !y saw he _h atta9$4444 ,x is altoge!r unreasonable to suppose t !y 7 mi/ak5 by tw5ty ye>s1 :5 !y wi%$ to prove him y\ng] ?an ! times ( ,abraham4444 ,he did n !n want mu* ( be+ fifty ye>s old 7,ibid4 sec4 #f74 ,nor did ,ir5aeus dep5d ^u ! ,f\r? ,gospel alone = 8 au?ority4 ,he 0 ! companion ( ! ag$ ,polyc>p1 :om ,*ri/ians claim to h be5 ! companion ( ! ,apo/le ,john4 ,conc]n+ ! te/imony ( ,polyc>p & o!rs1 he writes3 ,^? :o 7 conv]sant 9 ,asia ) ,john1 ! disciple ( ! ,"l1 te/ify t ,john convey$ to !m t in=mation4 ,& he 7,john7 rema9$ among !m up to ! times ( ,tragan4 ,"s ( !m1 moreov]1 saw n only ,john1 b ! o!r apo/les also1 & he>d ! same acc\nt f !m1 & be> te/imony to ! /atem5t 7,ib41 sec4 #e74 ,9 reg>d to ?is te/imony ( ! div9e ,ir5aeus1 z he is call$1 ,godfrey ,higg9s says3 ,! *ur* has be5 guilty ( ! ov]sight ( lett+ ?is passage f ,ir5aeus escape4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/1 mo/ respect$1 & mo/ quot$ ( its anci5t bi%ops1 sa9ts & m>tyrs1 tells u 9 di/9ct words t ,jesus 0 n crucifi$ "u ,h]od & ,pontius ,pilate1 b t he liv$ to be turn$ fifty ye>s ( age4 ,?is he tells u on ! au?ority ( 8 ma/]1 ,/4 ,polyc>p1 also a m>tyr1 :o _h x f ,/4 ,john himself1 & f all ! old p ( ,asia 7,anacalypsis74 ,( ?is te/imony & its consequ5ces1 ,judge ,waite1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity 7pp4 #cbi1 #ccj7 says3 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,ir5aeus _h be5 a companion ( ,polyc>p & o!rs :o _h se5 ,john1 & t he 0 speak+ ( :at _h come to 8 p]sonal k f ! eld]s 9 ,asia4 ,if1 !n1 ,ir5aeus tells ! tru?1 ! evid5ce 9 favor ( ! fact is almo/ ov]:elm+4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he w\ld delib]ately falsify 9 a matt] ( ?is importance1 :at is 8 te/imony wor? z to ! orig9 ( ! f\r gospels8 ,aga9/ ?is evid5ce1 we h only ! sil5ce ( ! gospels4 ,b if ! sil5ce ( ! ,synoptics is consi/5t ) a m9i/ry ( ?ree or f\r ye>s1 :y is n ! fur!r sil5ce ( all ! gospels consi/5t ) a m9i/ry ( tw5ty ye>s8 ,h[ w\ld su* a !ory affect ! receiv$ *ronology conc]n+ ,*ri/8 ,! date ( ! crucifixion at n lat] ?an ,a4 ,d4 #cf1 or :5 ,*ri/ 01 by ! receiv$ *ronology1 =ty ye>s old1 is settl$ by ! fact1 t 9 t ye>1 ,pontius ,pilate 0 remov$ f 8 gov]nm5t4444 ,if1 !n1 x be accept$ z a hi/orical fact t ,*ri/ 0 ab\t fifty ye>s old at ?is crucifixion1 ! date ( 8 bir? w\ld h to be set back at lea/ t5 ye>s4 ,e l9e ( ^! acc\nts ( ! trial & crucifixion ( ,*ri/ be>s ! ineffaceable /amp ( fiction4 ,!re 0 no ,*ri/ to crucify1 & ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 if he exi/$1 0 n crucifi$ z claim$4 ,= m ?an fifte5 c5turies an in(f5sive1 indu/ri\s & moral p h be5 p]secut$1 robb$ & but*]$ by ,*ri/ians1 because _! =efa!rs are said to h sla9 a my?ical ,god4 ,suppos+ t f ! my? ( ,prome!us _h sprung a popul> religion1 :i*1 9 its day1 _h1 l ! religions ( ,osiris1 ,bac*us1 ,kri%na & ,*ri/1 ov]spread ! e>?4 ,!n ?9k ( ! devotees ( ?is religion massacr+ ! ,hell5i/s because ,zeus _h crucifi$ ,prome!us6 ,h[ long mu/ our my?ology1 ) all its att5dant evils1 rule & curse ! _w8 ,h[ long mu/ an innoc5t p suff] = an alleg$ crime t 0 nev] committ$8 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,resurrection ,,( ,,*ri/4 #djj ,h[ long did ,jesus say he w\ld rema9 9 ! grave8 ,= z ,jonas 0 ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! :ale's belly2 s %all ! ,son ( ,man be ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! he>t ( ! e>? 7,mat!w xii1 #dj74 ,h[ long did he rema9 9 ! grave8 ,synoptics3 ,be+ buri$ on ,friday ev5+1 & hav+ ris5 on or be=e ,sunday morn+1 he 0 9 ! grave1 at ! mo/1 b two nights & "o day4 #dja ,:at occurr$ on ! morn+ ( ! resurrection8 ,mat!w3 ,!re 0 a great e>?quake 7xxviii1 #b74 ,! o!r ,evangeli/s "k no?+ ( ?is e>?quake4 ,!y n only omit x1 b _! acc\nts ( ! resurrection preclude ! possibility ( its occurr5ce4 #djb ,:o 7 ! fir/ to visit ! tomb on ! morn+ ( ! resurrection8 ,john3 ,m>y ,magdal5e 7xx1 #a74 ,mat!w3 ,m>y ,magdal5e & ! o!r ,m>y 7xxviii1 #a74 ,m>k3 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,james1 & ,salome 7xvi1 #a1 #b74 ,luke3 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ,joanna1 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,james1 & o!r wom5 7xxiv1 #a-aj74 #djc ,:o 0 ,salome8 ,! wife ( ,zeb$ee1 z appe>s f comp>+ ,matt4 xxvii1 #ef1 ) ,m>k xv1 #dj4--,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y4 ,mat!w says t ! wom5 :o witness$ ! crucifixion 7 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,james & ,joses1 & ! "m ( ,zeb$ee's *ildr54 ,m>k says ! wom5 7 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,james ! less & ( ,joses1 & ,salome4 ,?is is a discrepancy t c be reconcil$ only by suppos+ t ! "m ( ,zeb$ee's *ildr5 7,james & ,john7 0 ,salome4 ,b ! ,gospel ( ! ,egyptians1 old] ?an ei!r ,mat!w or ,m>k1 & accept$ by e>ly ,*ri/ians z au!ntic1 /ates t ,salome 0 a s+le woman4 #djd ,at :at "t 9 ! morn+ did ! wom5 visit ! tomb8 ,m>k3 ,at ! ris+ ( ! sun 7xvi1 #b74 ,john3 ,:5 x 0 yet d>k 7xx1 #a74 ,if !y came at ! ris+ ( ! sun1 or :5 ! sun 0 ris5 7,new ,v]471 x 0 n yet d>k4 #dje ,:5 does ,mat!w say !y came8 ,9 ! end ( ! ,sabba? z x began to dawn t[>d ! fir/ day ( ! week 7xxviii1 #a74 ,if !y came 9 ! end ( ! ,sabba?1 & ,jesus _h already ris51 !n 8 resurrection took place1 n on ! fir/ day ( ! week1 z claim$1 b on ! sev5? day4 ,mat!w 0 a ,jew2 yet ! au?or ( ?is ,gospel 0 seem+ly ignorant ( ! ,jewi% me?od ( comput+ "t1 accord+ to :i* ! ,sabba? began & end$ at sunset4 ,he evid5tly suppos$ t ! night prec$+ _! visit to ! tomb belong$ to ! sev5? day1 :]eas x belong$ to ! fir/ day4 #djf ,0 ! tomb op51 or clos$1 :5 !y came8 ,luke3 ,!y f\nd ! /one roll$ away f ! sepul*re 7xxiv1 #b74 ,mat!w3 ,! tomb 0 clos$4 ,! /one 0 n roll$ f ! door until aft] !y came 7xxviii1 #a1 #b74 ,?is1 9 ! op9ion ( mo/ critics1 is ! mean+ ( ,mat!w's language4 #djg ,:om did !y meet at ! tomb8 ,mat!w3 ,! angel 7xxviii1 #b-e74 ,m>k3 ,a "y man 7xvi1 #e74 ,luke3 ,two m5 7xxiv1 #d74 ,john3 ,two angels 7xx1 #ab74 #djh ,7 ^! m5 or angels 9 ! sepul*re or outside ( x8 ,mat!w3 ,outside ( x 7xxviii1 #b74 ,m>k1 ,luke & ,john3 ,inside ( x 7,m>k xvi1 #e2 ,luke xxiv1 #c1 #d2 ,john xx1 #aa1 #ab74 #dji ,7 !y sitt+ or /&+8 ,luke3 ,/&+ 7xxiv1 #d74 ,mat!w1 ,m>k & ,john3 ,sitt+ 7,matt4 xxviii1 #b2 ,m>k xvi1 #a2 ,john xx1 #ab74 #daj ,:at 7 ! fir/ words !y spoke to ! wom58 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,be n affright$ 7,m>k xvi1 #f2 ,matt4 xxviii1 #e74 ,luke3 ,:y seek ye ! liv+ among ! dead8 7xxiv1 #e47 ,john3 ,woman1 :y weepe/ ?\8 7xx1 #ac47 #daa ,did ,m>y ,magdal5e obs]ve ! div9e mess5g]s :5 %e fir/ came to ! tomb8 ,synoptics3 ,%e did 7,matt4 xxviii1 #a-e2 ,m>k xvi1 #a-e2 ,luke xxiv1 #a-d74 ,john3 ,%e did n 7xx1 #a1 #b1 #aa1 #ab74 #dab ,:o became fright5$ at ! mess5g]s8 ,mat!w3 ,! keep]s did %ake1 & became z dead m5 7xxviii1 #d74 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,!y ! wom5 7 affright$ 7,m>k xvi1 #e2 ,luke xxiv1 #e74 #dac ,:at did ! wom5 d :5 !y became fright5$8 ,m>k3 ,!y w5t out quickly & fl$ 7xvi1 #h74 ,luke3 ,!y b[$ d[n _! faces to ! e>? 7xxiv1 #e74 #dad ,did ! wom5 see ,jesus8 ,mat!w3 ,!y did4 ,z !y w5t to tell 8 disciples1 behold1 ,jesus met !m 7xxviii1 #i74 ,luke3 ,!y did n see him 7xxiv74 #dae ,did ! wom5 tell ! disciples :at !y _h se58 ,luke3 ,!y return$ f ! sepul*re1 & told all ^! ?+s unto ! elev51 & to all ! re/ 7xxiv1 #i74 ,m>k3 ,nei!r said !y any?+ to any man2 = !y 7 afraid 7xvi1 #h74 ,) ^! words ! ,gospel ( ,m>k ends1 ! words t foll[ be+ an int]polation4 ,9 ?is app5d$ passage ,m>y ,magdal5e is decl>$ to h se5 ,jesus & in=m$ !m ( x1 b !y believ$ n4 #daf ,h[ _m disciples visit$ ! tomb8 ,luke3 ,b "o1 ,pet] 7xxiv1 #ab74 ,john3 ,two1 ,pet] & ,john 7xx1 #c74 #dag ,:o look$ into ! sepul*re & beheld ! l95 clo!s8 ,luke3 ,!n arose ,pet]1 & ran into ! sepul*re2 & /oop+ d[n1 he beheld ! l95 clo!s 7xxiv1 #ab74 ,john3 ,s !y ran bo? toge!r2 & ! o!r disciple ,john did outrun ,pet]1 & came fir/ to ! sepul*re4 ,& he /oop+ d[n1 & look+ 91 saw ! l95 clo!s 7xx1 #d1 #e74 #dah ,did ,pet] ent] into ! sepul*re8 ,john3 ,he did4 ,!n come? ,simon ,pet] foll[+ him1 & w5t into ! sepul*re 7xx1 #f74 ,luke3 ,he did n4 ,he look$ into ! sepul*re & dep>t$ 7xxiv1 #ab74 #dai ,/ate all ( ! appe>ances ( ,jesus m5tion$ by ! ,evangeli/s4 ,mat!w4 #a4 ,to ! two ,m>ys 7xxviii1 #i74 #b4 ,to ! elev5 9 ,galilee 7#ag74 ,m>k4 #a4 ,to ,m>y ,magdal5e 7xvi1 #i74 #b4 ,to two ( 8 disciples 7#ab74 #c4 ,to ! elev5 at meat 7#ad74 ,! appe>ances ( ,jesus m5tion$ 9 ,m>k are all 9 ! apocryphal supplem5t4 ,! ,gospel ( ,m>k prop] does n record a s+le appe>ance ( ,jesus4 ,luke4 #a4 ,to ,cleopas & 8 companion 7xxiv1 #ac-ca74 #b4 ,to ,simon 7,pet]7 7#cd74 #c4 ,to ! elev5 & o!rs 7#cf74 ,john4 #a4 ,to ,m>y ,magdal5e 7xx1 #ad-ah74 #b4 ,to t5 787 disciples 7#ai-bd74 #c4 ,to ! elev5 7#bf-bi74 #d4 ,to ,pet]1 ,john & o!rs 7xxi74 ,! la/ *apt] ( ?is ,gospel :i* conta9s ! acc\nt ( 8 f\r? appe>ance1 & :i* ascribes ! au?or%ip ( ! ,gospel to ! belov$ disciple 7,john71 is a =g]y4 ,no two ( ! ,evangeli/s agree4 ,no two ( !m are fully agre$ 9 reg>d to a s+le appe>ance4 ,ea* n only omits ! appe>ances m5tion$ by ! o!rs1 b 8 n>rative 9 ne>ly e in/ance excludes !m4 ,z ,/rauss says1 ,! designation ( ! locality 9 "o excludes ! appe>ances n>rat$ by ! re/2 ! det]m9ation ( "t 9 ano!r leaves no space = ! n>ratives ( 8 fell[-evangeli/s2 ! enum]ation ( a ?ird is giv5 )\t any reg>d to ! ev5ts report$ by 8 pr$ecessors2 la/ly1 among sev]al appe>ances rec\nt$ by v>i\s n>rators1 ea* claims to be ! la/1 & yet has no?+ 9 common ) ! o!rs4 ,h5ce no?+ b wilful bl9dness c prev5t ! p]ception t no "o ( ! n>rators knew & presuppos$ :at ano!r records4 ,ref]r+ to ! diff]5t acc\nts ( ! resurrection giv5 by ! ,evangeli/s1 ,dr4 ,we/cott says3 ,!y conta9 difficulties :i* x is impossible to expla9 ) c]ta9ty 7,introduction to ,/udy ( ,gospels1 p4 #cbi74 ,dr4 ,f>r> makes ! foll[+ admission3 ,any "o :o w att5tively read side by side ! n>ratives ( ^! appe>ances on ! fir/ day ( ! resurrection1 w see t !y h only be5 pres]v$ = u 9 g5]al1 int]bl5d$1 & scatt]$ notices1 :i*1 9 /rict exactness1 r5d] x impossible1 )\t _m arbitr>y suppositions1 to produce f !m a c]ta9 n>rative ( ! ord] ( ev5ts4 ,! lacunae1 ! compressions1 ! v>iations1 ! actual diff]5ces1 ! subjectivity ( ! n>rators z affect$ by spiritual revelations1 r5d] all h>monies at ! be/ unc]ta9 7,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 ii1 p4 #dcb1 note74 #dbj ,/ate ! appe>ances m5tion$ by ,paul4 #a4 ,he 0 se5 ( ,cephas4 #b4 ,!n ( ! twelve4 #c4 ,aft] t1 he 0 se5 ( above five hundr$ bre?r5 at once4 #d4 ,aft] t he 0 se5 ( ,james4 #e4 ,!n ( all ! apo/les4 #f4 ,& la/ ( all he 0 se5 ( me also4 ,paul says t 8 fir/ appe>ance 0 to ,pet]4 ,?is contradicts all ( ! ,evangeli/s4 ,8 next appe>ance1 ,paul decl>es1 0 to ! twelve4 ,b !re 7 no twelve at ?is "t2 = ,judas _h des]t$ !m & 8 successor _h n be5 elect$4 ,paul evid5tly knew no?+ ( ! betrayal ( ,jesus by ,judas4 ,he says ,jesus 0 se5 by five hundr$ bre?r5 at once4 ,! ,evangeli/s are all ignorant ( ?is appe>ance1 :ile ! au?or ( ,acts /ates t !re 7 b "o hundr$ & tw5ty bre?r5 9 all1 & ev5 ?is numb] is consid]$ too l>ge by critics4 ,he says t he appe>$ to ,james1 an appe>ance ( :i* ! ,evangeli/s "k no?+4 ,aft] ?is he /ates t he 0 se5 ( all ! apo/les4 ,?is is ! only appe>ance m5tion$ by ,paul :i* c be reconcil$ ) any ( ! ,evangeli/s1 & ?is _c be reconcil$ ) all ( !m4 ,la/ ( all he 0 se5 ( me also4 ,paul's belief 9 ! resurrection 0 bas$ solely ^u ,jesus' suppos$ appe>ance to him2 = ! o!r alleg$ appe>ances he _h reject$4 ,n until he imag9$ t he _h se5 ,jesus did he believe t ! disciples _h se5 him1 & ! appe>ance ( ,jesus to him1 :i* occurr$ sev]al ye>s aft] ! resurrection & asc5sion1 is repres5t$ z an occurr5ce ( exactly ! same "* z 8 appe>ances to ! disciples4 ,paul's vision 0 cle>ly a delusion1 & if s ! o!r appe>ances1 measur$ by ,paul's crit]ion1 7 delusions also4 ,! ,rev4 ,john ,w4 ,*adwick truly says3 ,paul's witness to ! resurrection is ! ru9 ( ! argum5t4 #dba ,to :om did ,jesus fir/ appe>8 ,mat!w3 ,to ,m>y ,magdal5e & ! o!r ,m>y 7xxviii1 #a1 #i74 ,m>k & ,john3 ,to ,m>y ,magdal5e alone 7,m>k xvi1 #i2 ,john xx1 #ad-ah74 ,luke3 ,to ,cleopas & 8 companion 7xxiv1 #ac-ca74 ,paul3 ,to ,cephas 7,pet]7 7#a ,cor4 xv1 #e74 #dbb ,:]e 0 ,m>y ,magdal5e :5 ,jesus fir/ appe>$ to h]8 ,john3 ,at ! sepul*re 7xx1 #aa-ad74 ,mat!w3 ,on h] way home f ! sepul*re 7xxviii1 #h1 #i74 #dbc ,did ,m>y "k ,jesus :5 he fir/ appe>$ to h]8 ,mat!w3 ,%e did 7xxviii1 #i74 ,john3 ,%e 444 knew n t x 0 ,jesus 7xx1 #ad74 #dbd ,0 %e p]mitt$ to t\* him8 ,mat!w3 ,!y ,m>y ,magdal5e & h] companion came & held him by ! feet 7xxviii1 #i74 ,john3 ,jesus sai? unto h]1 ,t\* me n 7xx1 #ag74 #dbe ,:]e did he appe> to 8 disciples8 ,mat!w3 ,9 ,galilee4 ,luke3 ,9 ,j]usalem4 ,mat!w says t :5 ,m>y ,magdal5e & ! o!r ,m>y visit$ ! tomb an angel appe>$ to !m & said3 ,g quickly1 & tell 8 disciples t he is ris5 f ! dead2 &1 behold1 he goe? be=e y into ,galilee2 !re %all ye see him 7xxviii1 #g74 ,z !y ran to convey ?is intellig5ce1 ,jesus himself met !m & repeat$ ! comm&3 ,g tell my bre?r5 t !y g into ,galilee1 & !re %all !y see me 7#aj74 ,!n ! elev5 disciples w5t away into ,galilee1 into a m\nta9 :]e ,jesus _h appo9t$ !m4 ,& :5 !y saw him !y wor%ip$ him 7#af1 #ag74 ,luke 7xxiv1 #ac-ce7 /ates t on ! day ( ! resurrection ,jesus j\rney$ to ,emmaus1 a village "s di/ance f ,j]usalem1 ) ,cleopas & 8 companion4 ,!y did n recognize him until aft] _! arrival !re1 :5 !y return$ at once to ,j]usalem & in=m$ ! disciples4 ,z !y ?us spake ,jesus himself /ood 9 ! mid/ ( !m 7#cf74 ,he conv]s$ ) !m = a "t1 aft] :i* he l$ !m out z f> z to ,be?any :]e he took 8 f9al leave ( !m & asc5d$ to heav5 7#ch-ea74 ,in/ead ( bidd+ !m g to ,galilee1 a ?ree days j\rney f ,j]usalem1 z ,mat!w /ates1 8 comm& 0 ,t>ry ye 9 ! city ( ,j]usalem1 until ye be endu$ ) p[] f on high1 :i*1 accord+ to ,acts 7ii1 #a-ac71 0 n until ! day ( ,p5teco/1 sev5 weeks lat]4 ,mat!w's n>rative =bids ! supposition ( any meet+ 9 ,judea1 :ile ,luke's precludes ! possibility ( a meet+ 9 ,galilee4 ,reg>d+ ?is discrepancy ,dean ,al=d says3 ,we mu/ be cont5t to walk by fai?1 & n by sight 7,greek ,te/am5t1 p4 #ije74 #dbf ,h[ f> f ,j]usalem 0 ,emmaus1 :]e ,jesus made 8 fir/ appe>ance8 ,luke3 ,:i* 0 f ,j]usalem ab\t ?reescore furlongs 7xxiv1 #ac74 ,?reescore furlongs 0 sev5 & "o-half ,roman1 or ab\t sev5 ,am]ican miles4 ,emmaus ( ,judea 0 ab\t tw5ty-five miles1 or two hundr$ furlongs f ,j]usalem4 ,!re 0 an ,emmaus 9 ,galilee1 ab\t sev5ty miles f ,j]usalem4 ,x is believ$ by "s t ! leg5d relat$ to ! latt] place & 0 subsequ5tly transf]r$ by ,luke to ,judea4 #dbg ,h[ _m disciples 7 pres5t :5 he fir/ appe>$ to !m8 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,elev5 7,matt4 xxviii1 #af1 #ag2 ,luke xxiv1 #cc-cf74 ,john3 ,b t51 ,?omas be+ abs5t 7xx1 #ai-bd74 ,paul3 ,twelve 7#a ,cor4 xv1 #e74 #dbh ,:at effect _h 8 pres5ce :5 he fir/ appe>$ to !m8 ,luke3 ,!y 7 t]rifi$ & affright$ 7xxiv1 #cf1 #cg74 ,john3 ,!n 7 ! disciples glad1 :5 !y saw ! ,"l 7xx1 #bj74 #dbi ,h[ _m ( ! disciples d\bt$ ! reality ( 8 appe>ance8 ,mat!w3 ,"s d\bt$ 7xxviii1 #ag74 ,john3 ,b "o d\bt$--,?omas 7xx1 #bd1 #be74 #dcj ,7 !y all f9ally conv9c$ ( 8 resurrection8 ,john3 ,!y 74 ,mat!w3 ,!y 7 n4 #dca ,:5 he appe>$ to !m did !y "k t he mu/ rise f ! dead8 ,john3 ,= z yet !y knew n t he mu/ rise f ! dead 7xx1 #i74 ,?is _c be reconcil$ ) ! ,synoptics1 :o /ate t dur+ 8 m9i/ry he _h acqua9t$ !m ) x4 ,f t "t =? began ,jesus to %ew unto 8 disciples h[ t he mu/ g unto ,j]usalem1 & suff] _m ?+s ( ! eld]s & *ief prie/s & scribes1 & be kill$1 & be rais$ aga9 ! ?ird day 7,mat!w xvi1 #ba2 ,m>k viii1 #ca2 ,luke ix1 #bb74 #dcb ,paul says t ! la/ appe>ance ( ,jesus 0 to him4 ,:at did 8 companions d :5 !y saw ! light :i* att5d$ ! appe>ance8 ,acts3 ,! m5 :i* j\rney$ ) him /ood spee*less 7ix1 #g74 ,paul3 ,we 7 all fall5 to ! e>? 7,acts xxvi1 #ad74 #dcc ,did ,paul's companions see ,jesus8 ,acts3 ,!y did n4 ,! m5 :i* j\rney$ ) him /ood spee*less1 he>+ a voice1 b see+ no man 7ix1 #g74 ,?is %[s t ,jesus' alleg$ appe>ance to ,paul 0 an imag9>y & n a real appe>ance4 #dcd ,! au?or ( ,acts says t 8 companions he>d a voice4 ,is ?is true8 ,paul3 ,!y t 7 ) me 444 he>d n ! voice 7,acts xxii1 #i74 #dce ,0 ,jesus se5 by woman aft] 8 resurrection8 ,mat!w1 ,m>k & ,john3 ,he 04 ,luke & ,paul3 ,he 0 n4 ,accord+ to ,luke & ,paul 8 mo/ fai?ful foll[]s 7 n honor$ by a visit f _! ,"l1 b 7 neglect$ & ignor$4 ,! resurrection 0 n = woman4 ,n[h]e is sex prejudice m conspicu\s ?an 9 ! acc\nts ( ! resurrection writt5 by ,paul & ! ,paul9e ,evangeli/4 ,to ignore ! te/imony ( ,m>y ,magdal5e is to ignore ! te/imony ( ! *ief witness = ! resurrection4 #dcf ,f :]e did ,jesus rise8 ,all3 ,f ! dead4 ,he is ris5 f ! dead 7,matt4 xxviii1 #g74 ,x behoov$ ,*ri/ to suff]1 & to rise f ! dead 7,luke xxiv1 #df74 ,he 0 ris5 f ! dead 7,john xxi1 #ad74 ,accord+ to ! ,evangeli/s ,jesus rose1 n f ! grave--n f ! place :]e ! bodies ( ! dead 7 deposit$--b f ! l[] _w--f ! realm ( ! dead--:]e ! %ades ( ! dep>t$ 7 suppos$ to repose4 ,reg>d+ ?is ,dr4 ,hooykaas says3 ,let u beg9 by consid]+ :at t ^w 'resurrection' really meant1 :e!r appli$ to ,jesus or to o!rs4 ,lat] repres5tations1 d[n to our own times1 h reg>d$ x z equival5t to a ris+ f ! grave2 b ! "q is1 :at x meant 9 ! fai? & prea*+ ( ! ,apo/les1 9 ! g5u9e1 orig9al1 primitive tradition t ,jesus _h ris54 ,n[1 'resurrection' means else:]e a return f ! realm ( %ades to ! human life on e>?2 & ,jesus too _h left ! und]world1 b n1 9 ?is case1 to return at once to life ^u ! e>?1 b to be tak5 up provisionally into heav54 ,orig9ally ! resurrection & asc5sion ( ,jesus 7 "o4 ,x 0 only lat] t ! conception sprang up ( 8 hav+ paus$ ^u e>?1 :e!r = a s+le day or = sev]al weeks1 on 8 j\rney f ! abyss to ! height4 ,we may1 !re=e1 safely ass]t t if ! fri5ds ( ,jesus _h ?\ght z we d ( ! lot ( ^? t die1 !y w\ld nev] h s mu* z dream$ ( _! ,ma/]'s resurrection or asc5sion4 ,= to ! ,*ri/ian belief ( today x w\ld be1 s to speak1 a matt] ( c\rse t ,jesus1 l all good & noble s\ls--& inde$ above all o!rs--w\ld g /raight 'to a bett] _w1' 'to heav51' 'to ,god1' at ! in/ant ( 8 dea?2 b 9 ! conception ( ! ,jews1 includ+ ! ,apo/les1 ?is 0 impossible4 ,heav5 0 ! abode ( ! ,"l & 8 angels only2 & if an ,eno* or an ,elijah _h be5 caught up !re alive1 to dwell !re = a "t1 x 0 c]ta9 t all :o di$1 )\t exception1 ev5 ! pure/ & mo/ holy1 mu/ g d[n z %ades into ! realms ( ! dead 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?--& !nce1 ( c\rse1 !y w\ld n issue except+ by 'ris+ aga94' ,& ?is is :y we are nev] told t ,jesus rose 'f dea?1' f> less 'f ! grave1' b always 'f ! dead' 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 iii1 p4 #dfc74 #dcg ,0 he readily recogniz$ by 8 fri5ds8 ,mat!w1 ,luke & ,john3 ,he 0 n4 ,mat!w says t :5 8 disciples met him 9 ,galilee1 aft] hav+ gone !re = ! express purpose ( meet+ him1 "s d\bt$ 7xxviii1 #ag74 ,luke says t two ( 8 fri5ds j\rney$ ) him f ,j]usalem to ,emmaus1 conv]s+ ) him on ! way1 & not)/&+ !y _h be5 in=m$ ( 8 resurrection1 !y did n recognize him until aft] !y _h rea*$ ! village4 ,john says t :5 ,m>y ,magdal5e met him %e knew n t x 0 ,jesus1 444 suppos+ him to be ! g>d5] 7xx1 #ad1 #ae72 & :5 he met 8 disciples at ! ,lake ( ,tib]ius !y knew n t x 0 ,jesus 7xxi1 #d74 #dch ,did 8 appe>ances indicate a corporeal1 or m]ely a spiritual exi/5ce8 ,! ,evangeli/s decl>e t he 0 n only se5 by 8 disciples & o!rs1 b t he conv]s$ ) !m4 ,mat!w says ! two ,m>ys held him by ! feet1 ,luke says he invit$ ! disciples to h&le him1 & ,john says t ,?omas exam9$ 8 w\nds2 :ile bo? ,luke & ,john /ate t he p>took ( n\ri%m5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,luke says t :ile he sat at meat ) ,cleopas & 8 companion at ,emmaus ,he vani%$ out ( _! sight 7xxiv1 #ca74 ,john says t :ile ! disciples 7 assembl$ 9 a room 9 ,j]usalem1 :5 ! doors 7 %ut1 ,jesus came & /ood 9 ! mid/ 7xx1 #ai74 ,eight days lat] ! appe>ance 0 repeat$3 ,!n came ,jesus1 ! doors be+ %ut1 & /ood 9 ! mid/ 7#bf74 ,m>k says t aft] he appe>$ to ,m>y ,magdal5e he appe>$ 9 ano!r =m to two ( 8 disciples 7xvi1 #ab74 ,:ile ! fir/ nam$ appe>ances c be reconcil$ ) s-call$ spiritual manife/ations1 ! latt] _c be reconcil$ ) a corporeal exi/5ce4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] we h %[n t ! alleg$ crucifixion ( ,jesus is unwor?y ( belief4 ,if he 0 n crucifi$ ! /ory ( 8 resurrection is1 ( c\rse1 a fiction4 ,b conc$+1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t he 0 crucifi$2 does ?is make 8 resurrection probable1 or ev5 possible8 ,! crucifixion ( a man is a possible occurr5ce2 b ! corporeal resurrection ( a man :o has suff]$ dea? is impossible4 ,^! reput$ appe>ances ( ,jesus1 if !y h a hi/orical f\ndation1 7 evid5tly m]e subjective impressions or app>itions4 ,al?\gh he is decl>$ to h rema9$ on e>? =ty days1 he made1 at ! mo/1 b two or ?ree brief visits to 8 disciples1 appe>+ & disappe>+ l a phantom4 ,in/ead ( abid+ ) !m1 tea*+ !m ! doctr9es ( 8 religion--( :i* !y pr(ess$ to be ignorant--& prep>+ !m = _! com+ m9i/ry he is repres5t$ z keep+ 9 seclusion1 or roam+ aimlessly along ! c\ntry highways1 l "s dem5t$ creature4 ,ref]r+ to 8 appe>ance to 8 disciples1 ,j]ome says3 ,! apo/les suppos$ him to be a _s1 or accord+ to ! ,gospel :i* ! ,naz>5es receive ! ,hebrew ,gospel ( ,mat!w an incorporeal demon4 ,! possibility1 & ev5 preval5cy1 ( app>itions simil> to ^? relat$ ( ,jesus are recogniz$ by e /ud5t ( psy*ology4 ,sir ,b5jam9 ,brodie1 9 8 ,psy*ological ,inquiries 7p4 #gh71 says3 ,!re are abundant pro(s t impressions may be made 9 ! bra9 by o!r causes simulat+ ^? :i* are made on x by ext]nal objects ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! organs ( s5se1 ?us produc+ false p]ceptions1 :i* may1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 & be=e we h _h "t to reflect on ! subject1 be mi/ak5 = realities4 ,! appe>ance ( ,jesus to ,m>y ,magdal5e 0 n believ$ ev5 by ! disciples4 ,if ! disciples believ$ t ,m>y 0 delud$1 is x unreasonable to believe t !y 7 delud$ also8 ,illusions are contagi\s & may affect _m m9ds z well z "o4 ,dr4 ,c>p5t]1 "o ( ! highe/ ,engli% au?orities on m5tal sci5ce1 says3 ,if n only a s+le individual1 b sev]al p]sons %\ld be 'possess$' by "o & ! same idea or feel+1 ! same mis9t]pretation may be made by all ( !m2 & 9 su* a case ! concurr5ce ( _! te/imony does n add ! lea/ /r5g? to x 7,pr9ciples ( ,m5tal ,physiology1 p4 #bjh74 ,9 confirmation ( ?is is cit$ ! foll[+ f a "w on ,! ,philosophy ( ,app>itions1 by ,dr4 ,hibb]t1 ,f4,r4,s4,e43 ,a :ole %ip's company 0 ?r[n into ! utmo/ con/]nation by ! app>ition ( a cook :o _h di$ a few days be=e4 ,he 0 di/9ctly se5 walk+ ahead ( ! %ip1 ) a peculi> gait by :i* he 0 di/+ui%$ :5 alive1 ?r\gh hav+ "o ( 8 legs %ort] ?an ! o!r4 ,on /e]+ ! %ip t[>ds ! object1 x 0 f\nd to be a piece ( float+ wreck4 ,^! suppos$ appe>ances ( ,jesus 71 at ! mo/1 only app>itions1 & ,app>itions1 to quote ,dr4 ,hibb]t aga91 are no?+ m ?an morbid symptoms1 :i* are indicative ( an int5se excitem5t ( ! r5ovat$ feel+s ( ! m9d 7,philosophy ( ,app>itions1 p4 #cge74 ,"l ,amb]ley advances a psy*ological explanation ( ! reput$ appe>ances ( ,jesus f :i* ,i quote ! foll[+3 ,:atev] o!r qualities ,jesus may h possess$ or lack$1 !re c be no "q t he _h "o--t ( inspir+ 9 o!rs a /rong atta*m5t to himself4 ,he _h 9 8 brief c>e] surr\nd$ himself ) devot$ disciples2 & he 0 tak5 f _! mid/ 9 ! full bloom ( 8 p[]s by a viol5t & e>ly dea?4 ,n[ !re are "s :o h be5 taught by ! bitt] exp]i5ce ( _! lives h[ difficult1 nay1 h[ impossible x is to realize 9 imag9ation ! fact t a belov$ companion is 9 tru? gone f !m =ev]4444 ,we fondly conceive t 9 "s way ! dead mu/ /ill exi/2 & if s1 c "o1 :o 0 s t5d] be=e1 li/5 to our cry ( pa9 & refuse to come8 ,c "o1 :o soo!d u 9 ! less] tr\bles ( our lives1 look on :ile we are suff]+ ! greate/ agony ( all & fail to com=t8 ,x _c be4 ,imag9ation decl9es to picture ! long future t lies be=e u4 ,we _c und]/& t we %all nev] aga9 li/5 to ! tones ( ! famili> voice2 nev] feel ! t\* ( ! g5tle h&2 nev] be enc\rag$ by ! w>m embrace t tells u we are lov$1 or f9d a refuge f mis]able ?\ghts & ! vexations ( ! _w 9 ! affectionate & ev]-op5 he>t4 ,all ?is is too h>d = u4 ,we long = a resurrection2 we %\ld believe 9 x if we c\ld2 we d believe 9 x 9 sleep1 :5 our feel+s are free to roam at pleasure1 unre/ra9$ by ! *ill+ pres5ce ( ! mat]ial _w4 ,9 dreams ! old life is repeat$ aga9 & aga94 ,sometimes ! lo/ "o is beside u z ( old & we are q untr\bl$ by ! ?\ght ( p>t+4 ,sometimes !re is a /range & confus+ consci\sness t ! great calamity has happ5$1 or has be5 ?\ght to happ51 b t n[ we are aga9 toge!r1 & t a new life has succe$$ ^u dea?4444 ,grant+ only a /rong emotion & a lively phantasy1 we may compreh5d at once h[1 9 _m l&s1 to _m m\rn]s1 ! images ( _! dreams may also become ! visions ( _! wak+ h\rs 7,analysis ( ,religi\s ,belief1 pp4 #bge1 #bgf74 ,r5an says3 ,= ! hi/orian1 ! life ( ,jesus f9i%es ) 8 la/ sigh4 ,b su* 0 ! impression he _h left 9 ! he>t ( 8 disciples1 & ( a few devot$ wom51 t dur+ "s weeks m x 0 z if he 7 liv+ & consol+ !m4 ,_h 8 body be5 tak5 away1 or did en?usiasm1 always cr$ul\s1 create aft]w>ds ! gr\p ( n>ratives by :i* x 0 s\ght to e/abli% fai? 9 ! resurrection8 ,9 ! abs5ce ( oppos+ docum5ts ?is c nev] be asc]ta9$4 ,let u say1 h[ev]1 t ! /rong imag9ation ( ,m>y ,magdal5e play$ an important "p 9 ! circum/ance4 ,div9e p[] ( love6 ,sacr$ mom5ts 9 :i* ! passion ( "o possess$ gave to ! _w a resuscitat$ ,god 7,life ( ,jesus1 p4 #bif74 #dci ,if ,jesus appe>$ 9 a mat]ial body1 0 he nak$1 or clo!d8 ,?is is n a vital1 b x is a p]t95t "q4 ,x is /at$ t he appe>$ to ,m>y ,magdal5e imm$iately aft] ! resurrection4 ,did he appe> to h] nak$1 or 0 he clo!d8 ,z %e mi/ook him = ! g>d5]1 & z ! g>d5] und\bt$ly w5t clad1 x may be presum$ t ,jesus 0 clad also4 ,if s1 :]e did he procure 8 clo!s8 ,8 own g>m5ts 7 divid$ among ! soldi]s1 & 8 grave clo!s 7 left 9 ! sepul*re4 ,if x be assum$ t he 0 tak5 f ! tomb by 8 fri5ds1 z "s critics believe1 ! difficulty vani%es4 #ddj ,:at is said ( ! sa9ts :o arose on ! day ( ! crucifixion8 ,mat!w3 ,!y came out ( ! graves aft] ! resurrection1 & w5t into ! holy city1 & appe>$ unto _m 7xxvii1 #ec74 ,be=e ,mat!w's :olesale resurrection ( ! sa9ts ! resurrection ( ,jesus pales into insignificance4 ,9 ! op9ion ( _m sup]naturali/s ,mat!w has mix$ too l>ge a dose ( ! miracul\s = ev5 ,*ri/ian cr$ulity to swall[1 & !y w\ld gladly omit ?is portion ( x4 ,reg>d+ ?is /ory ,dr4 ,f>r> says3 ,an e>?quake %ook ! e>? & split ! rocks1 & z x roll$ away f _! places ! great /ones :i* clos$ & cov]$ ! cav]n sepul*res ( ! ,jews1 s x seem$ to ! imag9ations ( _m to h disimprison$ ! spirits ( ! dead1 & to h fill$ ! air ) gho/ly visitants1 :o aft] ,*ri/ _h ris5 appe>$ to l+] 9 ! ,holy ,city 7,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 ii1 p4 #dai74 ,dean ,milman dismisses x 9 mu* ! same way4 ,ref]r+ to ! e>?quake1 he says3 ,! same convulsion w\ld displace ! /ones :i* cov]$ ! anci5t tombs & lay op5 _m ( ! innum]able rock-hewn sepul*res :i* p]=at$ ! hills on e side ( ! city1 & expose ! dead to public view4 ,to ! awe-/ruck & depress$ m9ds ( ! foll[]s ( ,jesus1 no d\bt1 7 conf9$ ^! vision>y appe>ances ( ! spirits ( _! deceas$ bre?r5 7,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 vol4 i1 p4 #ccf74 ,if ! m9ds ( ! disciples 7 s greatly affect$ t !y imag9$ !y beheld ! resurrect$ bodies ( /rang]s :om !y _h nev] met & ( :om !y _h probably nev] he>d--= !y 7 ne>ly a hundr$ miles f ! graves ( _! own k9dr$--is x /range t !y %\ld imag9e !y saw ! resurrect$ ,ma/] ) :om !y _h daily associat$ = mon?s & p]haps ye>s8 ,to *>act]ize ^! resurrect$ sa9ts z gho/ly visitants & vision>y appe>ances1 & ! resurrect$ ,*ri/ z a real be+1 is a di/9ction )\t a sc9tilla ( evid5ce to support x4 ,bo? appe>ances1 if !y be hi/orical1 belong to ! same class ( m5tal ph5om5a2 & are1 inde$1 ! (fspr+ ( ! same m9ds4 #dda ,:5 did ! resurrection take place8 ,all3 ,9 ! night4 ,:o witness$ x8 ,all3 ,no "o4 ,! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,! rem>kable fact is1 !re=e1 absolutely und5iable1 t !re 0 n1 & t x is n ev5 pret5d$ t !re 01 a s+le eye-witness to ! actual ,resurrection4 ,! empty grave1 c\pl$ ) ! suppos$ subsequ5t appe>ances ( ,jesus1 is ! only evid5ce ( ! ,resurrection 7p4 #ajjd74 #ddb ,x is said t a gu>d 0 /ation$ at ! tomb4 ,:y 0 ?is done8 ,mat!w3 ,! *ief prie/s & ,ph>isees came toge!r unto ,pilate1 say+1 ,sir1 we rememb] t t deceiv] said :ile he 0 yet alive1 ,aft] ?ree days ,i w rise aga94 ,comm&1 !re=e1 t ! sepul*re be made sure until ! ?ird day1 le/ 8 disciples come by night1 & /eal him away1 & say unto ! p1 ,he is ris5 f ! dead 7xxvii1 #fb-fd74 ,is x n /range t 8 enemies %\ld be cognizant ( ?is :5 8 disciples knew n ! scripture1 t he mu/ rise aga9 f ! dead8 7,john xx1 #i47 ,reg>d+ ?is ! ,bible = ,le>n]s says3 ,0 su* a fooli% report really circulat$ among ! ,jews8 ,9 any case ?is /ory1 :i* is work$ out elaborately 9 ! ,gospel ( ,nicodemus1 is q absurd4 ,is x likely t ! enemies ( ,jesus w\ld h he>d a prophecy ( 8 ris+ aga9 :5 8 v fri5ds nev] dream$ ( x = a mom5t1 & :5 he _h nev] once spok5 ( 8 'resurrection' 9 public8 7,vol4 iii1 p4 #dhj47 #ddc ,on :at day did ! ,sanh$rim visit ,pilate = ! purpose ( obta9+ a gu>d8 ,mat!w3 ,on ! ,sabba? 7xxvii1 #fb74 ,mat!w1 aft] describ+ ! dea? & burial ( ,jesus1 says3 ,n[ ! next day1 t foll[$ ! day ( ! prep>ation1 ! *ief prie/s & ,ph>isees came toge!r unto ,pilate4 ,x is g5]ally conc$$ by ,*ri/ian comm5tators t by ! next day ,mat!w ref]s to ! ,sabba?1 = if ,jesus 0 crucifi$ & buri$ on ,friday1 no o!r day c be meant4 ,to avoid ! disagreeable consequ5ces ( su* an admission a few h cont5d$ t by ! day ( prep>ation is meant ! ,prep>ation ( ! ,passov]4 ,b ?is r5d]s ! passage un9telligible4 ,by prep>ation ,mat!w means1 n ! ,prep>ation ( ! ,passov]1 b ! prep>ation ( ! ,sabba?4 ,?is is made cle> by ! o!r ,synoptics4 ,aft] relat+ ! ev5ts ( ! crucifixion1 ,m>k beg9s 8 acc\nt ( ! burial ) ^! words3 ,& n[ :5 ! ev5 0 come1 because x 0 ! prep>ation1 t is1 ! day be=e ! ,sabba? 7xv1 #db74 ,luke1 aft] giv+ an acc\nt ( ! crucifixion & burial1 says3 ,& t day 0 ! prep>ation & ! ,sabba? drew on 7xxiii1 #ed74 ,x is claim$ by ! ,evangeli/s t ! ,jewi% prie/s ( t p]iod 7 su* rigid obs]v]s ( ! ,sabba? t !y s\ght to put ,jesus to dea? = simply heal+ ! sick on t day4 ,t ! ,sanh$rim desecrat$ ! ,sabba?1 & especially ! ,passov] ,sabba?1 by visit+ & transact+ bus9ess ) a hea!n rul] _c be accept$ z possible4 #ddd ,:5 0 ! gu>d plac$ at ! tomb8 ,mat!w3 ,n until ! second night4 ,x is argu$ t ,jesus mu/ h ris5 because a gu>d 0 plac$ at 8 tomb s t x 0 impossible = 8 disciples to come by night1 & /eal him away4 ,b _h 8 body really be5 left 9 ! tomb1 z claim$1 !y w\ld h tak5 x ! fir/ night _h !y desir$ x4 ,! passage cit$ f ,mat!w 9 ! prec$+ criticism decl>es t a gu>d 0 n reque/$ ( ,pilate until ! day foll[+ ! crucifixion1 s t ! tomb 0 )\t a gu>d ! fir/ night4 ,! sepul*re 0 n op5$ & exam9$ :5 ! gu>d 0 plac$ !re on ! foll[+ day4 ,s !y w5t & made ! sepul*re sure1 seal+ ! /one1 & sett+ a wat* 7,matt4 xxvii1 #ff74 ,_h ! seal be5 f\nd unbrok5 at ! end ( ?ree days x w\ld n h prov$ t ,jesus' body /ill rema9$ 9 ! tomb4 ,x w\ld m]ely h prov$ t ! body _h n be5 remov$ aft] ! seal 0 plac$ on x4 ,x may be urg$ t ,jesus _h prophesi$ t he w\ld n rise until ! ?ird day1 & t an e>li] disappe>ance ( ! body c\ld n be h>moniz$ ) a /rict fulfillm5t ( ! prophecy4 ,b ( ?is prophecy ! disciples1 we h se51 7 ignorant4 #dde ,:at is said 9 reg>d to ! op5+ ( ! tomb8 ,mat!w3 ,9 ! end ( ! ,sabba?1 z x began to dawn t[>d ! fir/ day ( ! week1 came ,m>y ,magdal5e & ! o!r ,m>y to see ! sepul*re4 ,& behold !re 0 a great e>?quake2 = ! angel ( ! ,"l desc5d$ f heav51 & came & roll$ back ! /one f ! door1 & sat ^u x4444 ,& ! angel answ]$ & said unto ! wom51 ,fe> n ye3 = ,i "k t ye seek ,jesus1 :i* 0 crucifi$4 ,he is n "h3 = he is ris51 z he said4 ,come1 see ! place :]e ! ,"l lay 7xxviii1 #a-f74 ,mat!w's /ory ( ! gu>d 0 evid5tly ins]t$ = ! express purpose ( e/abli%+ a belief 9 ! resurrection by mak+ x appe> impossible = 8 fri5ds to h remov$ ! body f ! sepul*re4 ,yet ?is /ory sugge/s1 if x does n prove1 ! v ?+ t he attempts to prove impossible4 ,! sepul*re 0 op5$ 9 ! pres5ce ( witnesses--! gu>ds & ! wom54 ,jesus did n em]ge f x1 nor did x conta9 8 body4 ,x 0 empty :5 op5$4 ,?is r5d]s probable1 if n c]ta91 "o ( two ?+s3 ei!r 8 body 0 n deposit$ !re1 or x 0 remov$ be=e ! wat* 0 set4 ,comm5t+ on ! empty tomb ,l4 ,k4 ,wa%burn says3 ,if ,jesus got out ( ! grave alive1 he 0 put into x alive4 ,if he 0 put into x dead1 he 0 tak5 out dead4 ,a depopulat$ sepul*re is n pro( t its =m] t5ant has mov$ to heav54 ,x is m]ely pro( t somebody has /ol5 a dead body4 #ddf ,:at did ! gu>ds d :5 !y left ! tomb8 ,mat!w3 ,"s ( ! wat* came into ! city1 & %[$ unto ! *ief prie/s all ! ?+s t 7 done 7xxviii1 #aa74 ,to "o acqua9t$ ) ! discipl9e ( ! ,roman army ?is /ory ( ! soldi]s leav+ _! po/ ?irty-six h\rs be=e ! expiration ( ! wat* assign$ & go+ into ! city & tell+ ! ,jews :at _h transpir$ is incr$ible4 #ddg ,:at did ! *ief prie/s d8 ,mat!w3 ,!y gave l>ge sums ( money unto ! soldi]s1 say+1 ,say ye1 ,8 disciples came by night1 & /ole him away :ile we slept 7#ab1 #ac74 ,! p5alty = sleep+ :ile on duty 0 dea?1 & no bribe c\ld h induc$ !m to decl>e t !y 7 guilty ( ?is (f5se ev5 if ! prie/s _h promis$ to int]c$e = !m4 ,aga91 _h ?is transaction really occurr$ x w\ld h be5 kn[n only by ! p>ties conc]n$ 9 x1 & :5 disclosure meant ! dire/ puni%m5t to bo? ! bribe-giv]s & ! bribe-tak]s1 nei!r w\ld h divulg$ ! crime4 ,/rauss1 criticis+ ! alleg$ action ( ! ,jewi% prie/s1 says3 ,_! conduct1 :5 ! gu>ds return+ f ! grave appris$ !m ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus1 is truly impossible4 ,!y believe ! ass]tion ( ! soldi]s t ,jesus _h aris5 out ( 8 grave 9 a miracul\s mann]4 ,h[ c\ld ! c\ncil1 _m ( ^: memb]s 7 ,sadducees1 receive ?is z cr$ible8 ,ev5 ! ,ph>isees 9 ! ,sanh$rim1 ?\gh !y held 9 !ory ! possibility ( a resurrection1 w\ld n1 ) ! mean op9ion !y ent]ta9$ ( ,jesus1 be incl9$ to believe 9 8 resurrection1 especially z ! ass]tion 9 ! m\? ( ! gu>ds s\nd$ j l a falsehood inv5t$ to scre5 a failure 9 duty4 ,! real ,sanh$ri/s1 on he>+ su* an ass]tion f ! soldi]s1 w\ld h repli$ ) exasp]ation3 ,y lie6 y h slept & all[$ him to be /ol52 b y w h to pay de>ly = ?is1 :5 x comes to be inve/igat$ by ! procurator4 ,b in/ead ( ?is1 ! ,sanh$ri/s 9 our gospel speak !m fair1 & entreat !m ?us3 ,tell a lie1 say t y h slept & all[$ him to be /ol52 moreov]1 !y pay !m ri*ly = ! falsehood1 & promise to exculpate !m to ! procurator4 ,?is is evid5tly spok5 entirely on ! ,*ri/ian presupposition ( ! reality ( ! resurrection ( ,jesus2 a presupposition1 h[ev]1 :i* is q incorrectly attribut$ to ! ,sanh$rim 7,leb5 ,jesu1 pp4 #hjf1 #hjg74 #ddh ,:at is said ( ! resurrection by ,pet]8 ,him ,god rais$ up ! ?ird day1 & %[$ him op5ly2 n to all ! p1 b unto witnesses *os5 be=e ( ,god1 ev5 to u1 :o did eat & dr9k ) him aft] he rose f ! dead 7,acts x1 #dj1 #da74 ,if ,god really wi%$ to conv9ce all ! p :y did he n %[ him to all ! p8 ,x is said t m ?an two millions ( ,jews att5d$ ! ,passov]4 ,_h he desir$ to prove to !m t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/ he w\ld h assembl$ ?is multitude at midday & 9 _! pres5ce rais$ 8 crucifi$ & buri$ ,son4 ,yet n a s+le human be+ witness$ ! resurrection1 & n a s+le dis9t]e/$ witness is said to h se5 him aft] 8 dea?4 ,l a ?ief he escapes f 8 prison 9 ! night & avoids publicity4 ,?is /ory ( ! resurrection is cle>ly a prie/ly inv5tion & ! compos] ( ! spee* ascrib$ to ,pet] 0 consci\s ( ! fact4 #ddi ,:at did ,paul tea* reg>d+ ! resurrection ( ,*ri/8 ,t ,*ri/ %\ld suff] & t he %\ld be ! fir/ t %\ld rise f ! dead 7,acts xxvi1 #bc74 ,if ,*ri/ 0 ! fir/ to rise f ! dead :at becomes ( ! miracles ( ,laz>us1 ( ! wid[ ( ,na9's son1 & ( ! daught] ( ,jairus8 ,:at becomes ( ,mat!w's sa9ts :o rose f ! dead on ! day ( ! crucifixion1 two days be=e ,*ri/ rose8 #dej ,:at did ,paul tea* reg>d+ ! resurrection ( ! dead 9 g5]al8 ,if ! dead rise n1 !n is ,*ri/ n rais$ 7#a ,cor9?ians xv1 #af74 ,he t goe? d[n to ! grave %all come up no m 7,job vii1 #i74 #dea ,:5 did ! disciples receive ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,john3 ,& :5 he _h said ?is1 he brea!d on !m1 & sai? unto !m1 ,receive ye ! ,holy ,gho/ 7xx1 #bb74 ,?is 0 on ! ev5+ ( ! resurrection4 ,=ty days aft] ?is he said to !m3 ,ye %all be baptiz$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ n _m days h5ce 7,acts i1 #e74 ,acts3 ,& :5 ! day ( ,p5teco/ 0 fully come 444 !y 7 all fill$ ) ! ,holy ,gho/ 7ii1 #a-d74 ,?is 0 sev5 weeks aft] ! resurrection4 #deb ,on :at day ( ! week did x occur8 ,john3 ,! fir/ day ( ! week 7xx1 #ai74 ,john1 l ! au?or ( ! fir/ ,gospel1 is evid5tly ignorant ( ! ,jewi% me?od ( reckon+ "t4 ,he makes ! ev5+ 7x 0 night7 foll[+ ! fir/ day a "p ( t day in/ead ( ! next day to :i* x belong$4 #dec ,did ,?omas receive ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,john3 ,he did n4 ,he 0 abs5t :5 ! disciples receiv$ x 7xx1 #ai-be74 #ded ,:o _h ,jesus said w\ld s5d ! ,holy ,gho/ to 8 disciples8 ,! ,com=t] :i* is ! ,holy ,gho/ :om ! ,fa!r w s5d 7,john xiv1 #bf74 ,i ,jesus w s5d him unto y 7xvi1 #g74 #dee ,:at effect _h ! ,holy ,gho/ ^u !m8 ,acts3 ,!y began to speak ) o!r tongues1 z ! ,_s gave !m utt]ance 7ii1 #d74 ,conc]n+ ?is gift ,greg says3 ,ignorance & folly too (t5 became ! arbit]s ( wisdom--& ! rav+s ( delirium 7 li/5$ to z ! words ( inspiration1 & ( ,god4 ,if ,jesus c\ld h return$ to e>? ?irty ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 & sat 9 ! mid/ ( an assembly ( 8 foll[]s1 :o 7 li/5+ 9 hu%$ & wond]+ pro/ration ( m9d to a speak] 9 ! 'unkn[n tongue1' h[ w\ld he h wept ov] ! humiliat+ & disappo9t+ spectacle6 h[ w\ld he h griev$ to ?9k t ! incoh]5t j>gon ( delirium or hy/]ia %\ld be mi/ak5 = ! prompt+s ( 8 ,fa!r's _s6 7,cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom1 p4 #bej47 #def ,:o he>d !m speak 9 new tongues8 ,acts3 ,p>?ians1 & ,m$es1 & ,elamites1 & ! dwell]s 9 ,mesopotamia1 & 9 ,judea1 & ,cappadocia1 9 ,pontus1 & ,asia1 ,phrygia & ,pamphylia1 9 ,egypt1 & 9 ! p>ts ( ,libya ab\t ,cyr5e1 & /rang]s ( ,rome1 ,jews & proselytes1 ,cretes & ,arabians 7ii1 #i-aa74 ,did repres5tatives ( all ^! nations really assemble to he> ! disciples1 or 0 ?is m]ely an imag9>y ga!r+ ( ! writ]8 ,evid5tly ! latt]4 #deg ,to ! *>ge ( drunk5ness :at reply did ,pet] make8 ,^! are n drunk51 z ye suppose1 see+ x is b ! ?ird h\r ( ! day 7,acts ii1 #ae74 ,a pr(ane m9d1 unacqua9t$ ) ,jewi% cu/oms1 might inf] f ?is t ! disciples 7 n 9 ! habit ( becom+ intoxicat$ be=e n9e o'clock 9 ! morn+4 #deh ,:at inquiry did ,paul make ( ,john's disciples8 ,h ye receiv$ ! ,holy ,gho/ s9ce ye believ$8 ,:at did !y say 9 reply8 ,we h n s mu* z he>d :e!r !re be any ,holy ,gho/ 7,acts xix1 #b74 ,?is 0 _m ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus4 ,ei!r ?is colloquy is false1 or ! /ory ( ,john ! ,bapti/ is false4 ,if ,john 0 ! =]unn] ( ,*ri/1 z claim$1 8 disciples became foll[]s ( ,*ri/2 & if !y became foll[]s ( ,*ri/ !y 7 acqua9t$ ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,gho/--if x exi/$ at ?is "t4 #dei ,:5 did ,jesus' disciples beg9 to baptize8 ,mat!w & ,m>k3 ,n until aft] 8 resurrection 7,matt4 xxviii1 #ah1 #ai2 ,m>k xvi1 #ae1 #af74 ,john3 ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 m9i/ry4 ,aft] ^! ?+s came ,jesus & 8 disciples into ! l& ( ,judea2 & !re he t>ri$ ) !m1 & baptiz$ 7iii1 #bb74 ,! ,ph>isees _h he>d t ,jesus made & baptiz$ m disciples ?an ,john4 7,?\gh ,jesus himself baptiz$ n1 b 8 disciples47 7iv1 #a1 #b74 #dfj ,:at =m ( baptism is ,jesus said to h prescrib$ = ! use ( 8 apo/les8 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 7,mat!w xxviii1 #ai74 ,! apo/les did n baptize 9 ! "n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 b 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ alone4 ,!n ,pet] said unto !m1 ,rep5t1 & be baptiz$ e "o ( y 9 ! "n ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 7,acts ii1 #ch74 ,!y 7 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l ,jesus 7viii1 #af74 ,he comm&$ !m to be baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l 7x1 #dh74 ,!y 7 baptiz$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l ,jesus 7xix1 #e74 ,conc]n+ ?is ,greg says3 ,t ?is def9ite =m ( baptism proce$$ f ,jesus1 is oppos$ by ! fact t su* an allocation ( ! ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,_s1 does n else:]e appe>1 except z a =m ( salutation 9 ! epi/les2 :ile z a def9ite =m ( baptism x is n[h]e met ) ?r\gh\t ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,moreov]1 x 0 n ! =m us$1 & c\ld sc>cely1 !re=e1 h be5 ! =m comm&$2 = 9 ! apo/olic epi/les1 & ev5 9 ! ,acts1 ! =m always is 'baptiz+ into ,*ri/ ,jesus1' or1 'into ! "n ( ! ,"l ,jesus' 7,cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom1 p4 #aia74 ,?is ecclesia/ical =mula 0 n adopt$ by ! *ur* until late 9 ! second c5tury1 & !n1 n = baptism1 b = admission into ! *ur*4 ,9 reg>d to ?is ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hooykaas says3 ,baptism into ! "n ( ,god ! ,fa!r1 ,jesus ,*ri/ ! ,son ( ,god1 & ! ,holy ,_s1 means baptism into ! confession ( or fai? 9 ^! ?ree1 & is a %ort epitome ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( :i* ,jesus c]ta9ly nev] dream$2 nay1 x is obvi\s f all acc\nts t1 ev5 9 ! apo/olic age1 x 0 z yet q unkn[n2 & ! /ill lat] age :i* drew up ! words by no means int5d$ !m z a baptismal =mula1 b r z a /atem5t ( ! conditions ( admission into ! community4 ,9 mak+ ! utt]ance ( ^! words1 in/ead ( ! imposition ( ^! conditions1 ! fir/ act ( admission into ! community ( ,*ri/1 ! ,*ur* has conf\nd$ words ) ?+s 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 iii1 pp4 #dgb1 #dgc74 #dfa ,:at 0 8 f9al comm& to ! apo/les8 ,g ye into all ! _w1 & prea* ! gospel to e creature 7,m>k xvi1 #ae74 ,?is is utt]ly irreconcilable ) ,acts 7xi1 #a-ah74 ,eight ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus1 ,pet] is condemn$ = prea*+ to ! ,g5tiles4 ,& ! apo/les & bre?r5 t 7 9 ,judea he>d t ! ,g5tiles _h also receiv$ ! ^w ( ,god4 ,& :5 ,pet] 0 come to ,j]usalem1 !y t 7 ( ! circumcision cont5d$ ) him 7#a1 #b74 ,h[ does he meet ! accusation & ju/ify 8 conduct8 ,by rem9d+ !m t x 0 ! express w ( _! ,ma/]8 ,no2 he tells !m t :ile 9 a trance at ,joppa he _h a vision in/ruct+ him to c>ry ! gospel to ! ,g5tiles4 ,:5 !y he>d ^! ?+s1 !y held _! peace1 & glorifi$ ,god1 say+1 ,!n ha? ,god also to ! ,g5tiles grant$ rep5tance unto life 7#ah74 #dfb ,h[ long did ,jesus rema9 on e>?8 ,luke3 ,"o day 7xxiv74 ,john3 ,at lea/ t5 days 7xx1 xxi74 ,acts3 ,he 0 se5 ( !m =ty days 7i1 #c74 ,! greate/ discrepancy is betwe5 ,luke & ,acts1 two books :i* x is claim$ 7 writt5 by ! same au?or4 #dfc ,:]e did ! asc5sion take place8 ,m>k3 ,9 ,j]usalem 7xvi1 #ad1 com4 ,luke xxiv1 #cc74 ,luke3 ,at ,be?any 7xxiv1 #ej1 #ea74 ,acts3 ,at ,m\nt ,olivet 7i1 #i-ab74 #dfd ,describe ! asc5sion4 ,luke3 ,& x came to pass :ile he bless$ !m he 0 p>t$ f !m & c>ri$ up into heav5 7xxiv1 #ea74 ,! asc5sion ( ,romulus d\btless sugge/$ ! /ory ( ! asc5sion ( ,jesus4 #dfe ,:at occurr$ at ! asc5sion8 ,acts3 ,:ile !y look$ /eadfa/ly t[>d heav5 z he w5t up1 behold1 two m5 /ood by !m 9 :ite app>el2 :i* also said1 ,ye m5 ( ,galilee1 :y /& ye gaz+ up into heav58 ?is same ,jesus1 :i* is tak5 up f y into heav51 %all s come 9 l mann] z ye h se5 him g into heav5 7i1 #aj1 #aa74 ,x is rem>kable t ! ,evangeli/s :o f9d space to record ! say+s ( lunatics & devils1 h n room to record ! words ( angels1 or ev5 note _! pres5ce4 #dff ,= :at purpose did ,jesus asc5d to heav58 ,i g to prep>e a place = y 7,john xiv1 #b74 ,:at 0 ! ne$ ( ?is :5 ! place _h already be5 prep>$ 444 f ! f\ndation ( ! _w 7,mat!w xxv1 #cd78 #dfg ,did ,jesus asc5d bodily into heav58 ,luke3 ,he asc5d$ to heav5 9 a body ( fle% & blood 7xxiv1 #cf-dc1 #ej1 #ea74 ,paul3 ,b "s man w say1 ,h[ are ! dead rais$ up8 & ) :at body d !y come8 ,?\ fool1 t :i* ?\ s[e/ is n quick5$ except x die2 & t :i* ?\ s[e/ ?\ s[e/ n t body t %all be 7#a ,cor9?ians xv1 #ce-cg74 ,x is s[n a natural body2 x is rais$ a spiritual body4 ,!re is a natural body1 & !re is a spiritual body 7#dd74 ,n[ ?is ,i say1 bre?r51 t fle% & blood _c inh]it ! ,k+dom ( ,god 7#ej74 ,! :ole !ology ( ,paul is oppos$ to ! bodily resurrection & asc5sion ( ,jesus4 ,! ,bible = ,le>n]s says3 ,9 speak+ ( ! resurrection1 he ,paul does n mean ! reanimation ( ! body ( ,jesus2 & inde$ he expressly excludes su* a ?\ght by ascrib+ to ! ,*ri/ a glorifi$ & spiritual body n made ( fle% & blood4 ,x is equally c]ta9 t he ?9ks ( ! ,*ri/ z hav+ appe>$ f heav52 & 8 rank+ ! appe>ance to himself--unque/ionably ! product ( 8 own f]vid imag9ation--z p>allel ) ^? :i* prec$$ x 8 appe>ances to ! disciples1 seems to indicate t !y 7 all visions alike 7,vol4 iii1 p4 #dfg74 #dfh ,d all ! ,evangeli/s record ! asc5sion8 ,mat!w & ,john1 bo? ( :om are decl>$ to h be5 apo/les1 & ! only ,evangeli/s :o are suppos$ to h witness$ ! asc5sion1 "k no?+ ( x4 ,! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,m>k1 x is admitt$1 are spuri\s2 :ile ! words1 c>ri$ up into heav51 ( ,luke d n appe> 9 ! ,s9aitic v]sion1 ! olde/ v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t extant4 ,) ?is =g$ app5dix to ,m>k & ?is int]polat$ passage 9 ,luke elim9at$1 ! ,f\r ,gospels conta9 no m5tion ( ! asc5sion4 #dfi ,_h any man ev] asc5d$ to heav5 be=e ,jesus8 ,jesus3 ,no man ha? asc5d$ up to heav51 b he t came d[n f heav51 ev5 ! ,son ( man :i* is 9 heav5 7,john iii1 #ac74 ,!n t /ory ab\t ,elijah is a fiction1 is x8 ,9 reg>d to ! resurrection & asc5sion ,?omas ,pa9e says3 ,z to ! acc\nt giv5 ( 8 resurrection & asc5sion1 x 0 ! necess>y c\nt]p>t ( 8 bir?4 ,8 hi/orians hav+ br\ght him into ! _w 9 a sup]natural mann]1 7 oblig$ to take him out aga9 9 ! same mann]1 or ! fir/ "p ( ! /ory mu/ h fall5 to ! gr\nd4 ,! wret*$ contrivance ) :i* ?is latt] "p is told exce$s e ?+ t w5t be=e x4 ,! fir/ "p1 t ( ! miracul\s conception1 0 n a ?+ t admitt$ ( publicity2 & !re=e ! tell]s ( ?is "p ( ! /ory _h ?is advantage1 t ?\gh !y might n be cr$it$1 !y c\ld n be detect$4444 ,b ! resurrection ( a dead p]son f ! grave1 & 8 asc5sion ?r\gh ! air1 is a ?+ v diff]5t z to ! evid5ce x admits (1 to ! invisible conception ( a *ild 9 ! womb4 ,! resurrection & asc5sion1 suppos+ !m to h tak5 place1 admitt$ ( public & ocul> demon/ration1 l t ( ! asc5sion ( a balloon1 or ! sun at noon-day1 to all ,j]usalem at lea/4 ,a ?+ :i* ev]ybody is requir$ to believe1 requires t ! pro( & evid5ce ( x %\ld be equal to all1 & univ]sal2 & z ! public visibility ( ?is la/ relat$ act 0 ! only evid5ce t c\ld give sanction to ! =m] "p1 ! :ole ( x falls to ! gr\nd1 because t evid5ce nev] 0 giv54444 ,x is 9 va9 to attempt to palliate or disguise ?is matt]4 ,! /ory1 s f> z relates to ! sup]natural "p1 has e m>k ( fraud & imposition /amp$ ^u ! face ( x4 ,:o 7 ! au?ors ( x is z impossible = u n[ to "k1 z x is = u to be assur$ t ! books 9 :i* ! acc\nt is relat$ 7 writt5 by ! p]sons ^: names !y be>2 ! be/ surviv+ evid5ce we n[ h respect+ ?is affair is ! ,jews4 ,!y are regul>ly desc5d$ f ! p :o liv$ 9 ! times ?is resurrection & asc5sion is said to h happ5$1 & !y say1 x is n true4 ,x has long appe>$ to me a /range inconsi/5cy to cite ! ,jews z a pro( ( ! tru? ( ! /ory4 ,x is j ! same z if a man 7 to say1 ,i w prove ! tru? ( :at ,i h told y by produc+ ! p :o say x is false 7,age ( ,reason1 pp4 #aj1 #aa74 ,! /ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ appe>+ aft] he 0 dead is ! /ory ( an app>ition1 su* z timid imag9ations c always create 9 vision1 & cr$ulity believe 7,ibid1 #afa74 ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,! :ole ( ! evid5ce = ! ,resurrection r$uces itself to an undef9$ belief on ! "p ( a few p]sons1 9 a notori\sly sup]/iti\s age1 t aft] ,jesus _h di$ & be5 buri$ !y _h se5 him alive4 ,^! visions1 x is admitt$1 occurr$ at a "t ( ! mo/ int5se religi\s excitem5t1 & "u circum/ances ( :olly exceptional m5tal agitation & di/ress4 ,! wilde/ alt]nations ( fe>1 d\bt1 hope & indef9ite expectation1 add$ _! effects to ori5tal imag9ations already excit$ by indignation at ! fate ( _! ,ma/]1 & sorr[ or despair at su* a dissipation ( _! ,messianic dreams4 ,!re 0 pres5t e elem5t ( intellectual & moral di/urbance4 ,n[ mu/ we s]i\sly ask aga9 :e!r ?is b>e & :olly unju/ifi$ belief c be accept$ z satisfactory evid5ce = s a/\nd+ a miracle z ! ,resurrection8 ,c ! belief ( su* m51 9 su* an age1 e/abli% ! reality ( a ph5om5on :i* is contradict$ by univ]sal exp]i5ce8 ,we h no evid5ce z to :at actually occurr$4 ,we d n ev5 "k ! facts ^u :i* !y bas$ _! inf]5ces4 ,we only "k t !y ?\ght !y _h se5 ,jesus & t !y1 !re=e1 conclud$ t he _h ris5 f ! dead4 ,x comes to u z b>e belief f ! ,age ( ,miracles1 unsupport$ by facts1 uncorroborat$ by evid5ce1 unaccompani$ by pro( ( inve/igation1 & unprovid$ ) mat]ial = exam9ation4 ,:at is su* belief wor?8 ,we h no hesitation 9 say+ t x is absolutely wor? no?+ 7pp4 #ajdh1 #ajdi74 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,phillip ,s*aff1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t evangelical ,*ri/ian s*ol>s ( ?is c\ntry1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 makes ?is c&id admission reg>d+ ! resurrection & asc5sion ( ,*ri/3 ,tru? compels u to admit t !re are s]i\s difficulties 9 h>moniz+ ! acc\nts ( ! ,evangeli/s1 & 9 =m+ a consi/5t conception ( ,*ri/'s resurrection body hov]+ z x 7 betwe5 heav5 & e>?1 & a sup]natural /ate1 ( a body clo!d ) fle% & blood & be>+ ! w\nd pr9ts1 & yet s spiritual z to appe> & disappe> ?r\gh clos$ doors & to asc5d visibly to heav54 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,"* ,,& ,,tea*+s4 #dgj ,:o 0 ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,m>k3 ,he 0 ! son ( man4 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,john3 ,he 0 ,god himself4 ,9 ! ,f\r ,gospels are pres5t$ ?ree entirely diff]5t conceptions ( ! ,*ri/4 ,9 ,m>k he is repres5t$ z ! son ( human p>5ts--! ,messiah--b simply a man4 ,9 ,mat!w & ,luke we h ! /ory ( ! miracul\s conception--he is repres5t$ z ! ,son ( ,god4 ,9 ,john he is decl>$ to be ,god himself4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w ,*ri/1 & ! ,^w 0 ) ,god1 & ! ,^w 0 ,god 7i1 #a74 ,accord+ to ,m>k ,*ri/ is a man2 accord+ to ,mat!w & ,luke1 a demi-god2 accord+ to ,john1 a ,god4 ,voltaire ?us h>monizes ^! discordant conceptions3 ,! son ( ,god is ! same z ! son ( man2 ! son ( man is ! same z ! son ( ,god4 ,god1 ! fa!r1 is ! same z ,*ri/1 ! son2 ,*ri/1 ! son1 is ! same z ,god1 ! fa!r4 ,?is language may appe> confus$ to unbeliev]s1 b ,*ri/ians w readily und]/& x4 ,?is is q z intelligible z ! ,*ri/ian ,confession ( ,fai?1 ,article ,,ii ( :i* reads z foll[s3 ,! ,son1 :i* is ! ,^w ( ! ,fa!r1 begott5 f ev]la/+ ( ! ,fa!r1 ! v & et]nal ,god1 & ( "o sub/ance ) ! ,fa!r1 took man's nature 9 ! womb ( ! bless$ ,virg91 ( h] sub/ance3 s t two :ole & p]fect ,natures1 t is to say1 ! ,godhead & ,manhood1 7 jo9$ toge!r 9 "o ,p]son1 nev] to be divid$1 :]e( is "o ,*ri/1 v ,god1 & v ,man4 ,! !ological ,*ri/ is ! impossible union ( ! human & div9e--man ) ! attributes ( ,god1 & ,god ) ! limitations & weaknesses ( man4--,+]soll4 #dga ,is ,god a visible ,be+8 ,jacob3 ,i h se5 ,god face to face 7,g5esis xxxii1 #cj74 ,john3 ,no man ha? se5 ,god at any "t 7i1 #ah74 #dgb ,h[ _m ,gods are !re8 ,m>k3 ,"o4 ,john3 ,?ree4 ,m>k tea*es ! doctr9e ( ,unit>ianism 7,mono!ism71 or "o ,god4 ,john tea*es1 n ! doctr9e ( ,unit>ianism or "o ,god1 nor yet ! doctr9e ( ,tr9it>ianism or ?ree ,gods 9 "o1 b ! doctr9e ( ,tri!ism or ?ree di/9ct ,gods1 sep>ate & indep5d5t ( ea* o!r4 #dgc ,is ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity taught 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,= !re are ?ree t be> record 9 heav51 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,^w1 & ! ,holy ,gho/3 & ^! ?ree are "o 7#a ,john v1 #g74 ,?is is ! only passage 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* cle>ly tea*es ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 & ?is passage is admitt$ by all ,*ri/ian s*ol>s to be an int]polation4 ,:5 ! mod]n v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 fir/ publi%$ by ,erasmus x 0 criticis$ because x conta9$ no text tea*+ ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,erasmus promis$ 8 critics t if a manuscript c\ld be f\nd conta9+ su* a text he w\ld ins]t x4 ,! manuscript 0 f\nd1 & ! text quot$ appe>$ 9 a lat] edition4 ,conc]n+ ?is int]polation ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 9 a lett] to a fri5d1 :i* 0 aft]w>d publi%$ by ,bi%op ,horsley1 says3 ,:5 ! adv]s>ies ( ,erasmus _h got ! ,tr9ity into 8 edition1 !y ?rew by _! manuscript z an old almanac out ( date4 ,allud+ to ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 ,?omas ,jeff]son says3 ,x is too late 9 ! day = m5 ( s9c]ity to pret5d !y believe 9 ! ,platonic my/icism t ?ree are "o & "o is ?ree1 & yet1 t ! "o is n ?ree1 & ! ?ree n "o4444 ,b ?is con/itutes ! craft1 ! p[]1 & pr(its ( ! prie/s4 ,sweep away _! gossam] fabrics ( fictiti\s religion1 & !y w\ld cat* no m flies 7,jeff]son's ,works1 vol4 iv1 p4 #bje1 ,r&olph's ed474 ,aga9 ,jeff]son says3 ,! hocus-pocus phantasm ( a ,god1 l ano!r ,c]b]us1 ) "o body & ?ree heads1 _h its bir? & gr[? 9 ! blood ( ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( m>tyrs 7,ibid1 p4 #cfj74 #dgd ,0 ,*ri/ ! only begott5 ,son ( ,god8 ,john3 ,he 0 ! only begott5 ,son ( ,god 7iii1 #ah74 ,!re 7 giants 9 ! e>? 9 ^? days2 & also aft] t1 :5 ! sons ( ,god came 9 unto ! daught]s ( m51 & !y b>e *ildr5 unto !m 7,g5esis vi1 #d74 #dge ,by :at ag5cy & :5 0 ! ,*ri/ begott58 ,mat!w & ,luke3 ,by ! ,holy ,gho/ at ! "t ( 8 conception by ! ,virg9 ,m>y4 ,accord+ to ,ju/9 ! ,holy ,gho/ begat ! ,*ri/1 n at ! conception ( ,jesus1 z claim$ by ^! ,evangeli/s1 b at 8 baptism4 ,at 8 baptism ! voice f heav5 said3 ,?\ art my son2 ?is day h ,i begott5 !e 7,dialogues #hh74 ,! correctness ( ,ju/9's /atem5t is corroborat$ by ,hebrews3 ,*ri/ glorifi$ n himself to be made an high prie/2 b he t said unto him1 ,?\ art my ,son1 today h ,i begott5 !e 7v1 #e74 ,*ri/'s prie/hood began at 8 baptism4 #dgf ,( :at g5d] is ! ,holy ,gho/8 ,mat!w 7,greek ,v]473 ,mascul9e g5d]4 ,mat!w 7,hebrew ,v]473 ,fem99e g5d]4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ 7,_s71 z 0 not$ 9 a previ\s *apt]1 0 ) ! ,greeks ( mascul9e g5d]1 ) ! ,jews ( fem99e g5d]4 ,! ,gospel ,accord+ to ! ,hebrews1 :i*1 x is claim$1 0 ! orig9al ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 repres5t$ ,jesus z say+1 ,j n[ my "m1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 laid hold on me4 ,if ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 ! "m ( ,jesus did he h two mo!rs8 ,accord+ to our ,greek v]sion ( ,mat!w1 z well z t ( ,luke1 he _h "o "m & ?ree reput$ fa!rs--,god1 ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ,joseph4 #dgg ,*ri/1 x is affirm$1 0 born ( ,m>y4 ,if s1 :at relation did %e be> to him8 #a4 ,if he 0 born ( ,m>y %e 0 8 "m4 #b4 ,%e be+ ) *ild by ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ,fa!r1 ,son & ,holy ,gho/ be+ "o1 %e bore to him ! relation ( wife4 #c4 ,god be+ ! ,fa!r ( all mank9d1 & ,god & ,*ri/ be+ "o1 %e 0 8 daught]4 #d4 ,%e be+ ! daught] ( ,god1 & ,*ri/ be+ ! ,son ( ,god1 %e 0 !re=e 8 si/]4 ,consequ5tly ,m>y bore to him ! relation ( "m1 wife1 daught] & si/]4 #dgh ,! great] portion ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* affirms ! p]petual virg9ity ( ,m>y4 ,x is claim$ t ,jesus 0 h] only *ild & t ! conception & bir? ( him did n de/roy h] virg9ity4 ,is ?is confirm$ by ! ,evangeli/s8 ,x is n4 ,mat!w & ,m>k say3 ,is n 8 "m call$ ,m>y8 & 8 bre?r51 ,james & ,joses1 & ,simon1 & ,judas8 & 8 si/]s1 are !y n all ) u8 7,matt4 xiii1 #ee1 #ef2 ,m>k vi1 #c74 ,luke 7viii1 #ai7 & ,john 7vii1 #c7 bo? decl>e t he _h bro!rs4 ,to ma9ta9 ?is dogma x is affirm$ t by bre?r5 & si/]s is meant c\s9s4 ,dr4 ,f>r>1 :o 9 reg>d to ?is z 9 reg>d to mo/ disput$ po9ts1 assumes a non-committal or conciliatory attitude1 conc$es t ! natural supposition t1 aft] ! miracul\s conception ( our ,"l1 ,joseph & ,m>y liv$ toge!r 9 ! m>ri$ /ate1 & t ,james1 & ,joses1 & ,judas1 & ,simon1 ) daught]s1 ^: names are n record$1 7 subsequ5tly born to !m1 is 9 accordance c]ta9ly ) ! prima facie evid5ce ( ! ,gospels 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #ea74 #dgi ,:o did ,m>y say 0 ! fa!r ( ,jesus8 ,luke3 ,:5 he rema9$ beh9d 9 ,j]usalem1 & !y f\nd him 9 ! temple1 8 "m said unto him1 ,son1 :y ha/ ?\ ?us dealt ) u8 behold1 ?y fa!r ,joseph & ,i h s\ght !e sorr[+ 7ii1 #dh74 ,to believe t a ,jewi% virg9 0 ov]%ad[$ by a _s1 & miracul\sly conceiv$ & bore a *ild1 requires m conv9c+ pro( ?an ! dream ( a cr$ul\s lov]4 ,we ought at lea/ to h ! te/imony ( ! "m4 ,b we h x n4 ,%e te/ifies t ,joseph is 8 fa!r4 #dhj ,:at did ,jesus' neighbors say reg>d+ 8 pat]nity8 ,mat!w3 ,!y said1 ,is n ?is ! c>p5t]'s ,joseph's son8 7xiii1 #ee47 ,luke3 ,!y said1 ,is n ?is ,joseph's son8 7iv1 #bb47 ,john3 ,!y said1 ,is n ?is ,jesus1 ! son ( ,joseph8 7vi1 #db47 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,crapsey1 ( ! ,episcopal *ur*1 9 8 "w on ,religion & ,politics 7p4 #bhi71 makes ?is significant admission reg>d+ ! div9e orig9 ( ,jesus3 ,! fact ( 8 miracul\s bir? 0 unkn[n to himself1 unkn[n to 8 "m1 & unkn[n to ! :ole ,*ri/ian community ( ! fir/ g5]ations4 ,?omas ,jeff]son1 9 a lett] to ,john ,adams1 wrote3 ,! day w come :5 ! my/ical g5]ation ( ,jesus1 by ! ,supreme ,be+ z 8 fa!r1 9 ! womb ( a virg91 w be class$ ) ! fable ( ! g5]ation ( ,m9]va 9 ! bra9 ( ,jupit] 7,jeff]son ,works1 vol4 iv1 p4 #cfe1 ,r&olph's ed474 #dha ,:o did ,pet] decl>e him to be8 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 a man approv$ ( ,god 7,acts ii1 #bb74 ,:o did ,paul decl>e him to be8 ,!re is "o ,god1 & "o m$iator betwe5 ,god & m51 ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus 7#a ,timo?y ii1 #e74 ,! ,*ri/ ( ,pet] & ,paul 0 n a ,god1 b a man--a man ^u :om _h be5 be/[$ div9e gifts--b yet a man4 #dhb ,:at te/imony is ascrib$ to ,paul8 ,great is ! my/]y ( godl9ess3 ,god 0 manife/ 9 ! fle% 7#a ,timo?y iii1 #af74 ,?is is a gross p]v]sion ( ,scripture = ! purpose ( mak+ ,paul a witness to ,*ri/'s div9ity4 ,reg>d+ ?is text & ! ,tr9it>ian text ins]t$ 9 #a ,john1 ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 9 8 lett] previ\sly quot$ f1 says3 ,:at ! ,lat9s h done 9 ?is text 7#a ,john v1 #g7 ! ,greeks h done to ,paul 7#a ,tim4 iii1 #af74 ,!y n[ read1 ',great is ! my/]y ( godl9ess2 ,god manife/ 9 ! fle%'2 :]eas all ! *ur*es = ! fir/ f\r or five hundr$ ye>s1 & ! au?ors ( all ! anci5t v]sions1 ,j]ome z well z ! re/1 read1 ',great is ! my/]y ( godl9ess1 :i* 0 manife/ 9 ! fle%4' ,our ,engli% v]sion makes x yet a little /rong]4 ,x reads1 ',great is ! my/]y ( godl9ess3 ,god 0 manife/ 9 ! fle%4' ,9 conclusion ,newton says3 ,if ! anci5t *ur*es1 9 debat+ & decid+ ! greate/ my/]ies ( religion1 knew no?+ ( ^! two texts1 ,i und]/& n :y we %\ld be s fond ( !m n[ ! debate is ov]4 #dhc ,*ri/ is decl>$ by ! ,*ri/ian cre$ to be ! v & et]nal ,god4 ,god1 x is claim$1 is omnipot5t4 ,0 ,*ri/ omnipot5t8 ,! ,son c d no?+ ( himself 7,john v1 #ai74 ,i c ( m9e own self d no?+ 7#cj74 #dhd ,god is omnisci5t4 ,0 ,*ri/ omnisci5t8 ,ref]r+ to 8 second adv5t he says3 ,( t day & h\r kn[e? no man1 444 nei!r ! ,son 7,m>k xiii1 #cb74 #dhe ,god is omnipres5t4 ,0 ,*ri/ omnipres5t8 ,i am glad = y\r sakes t ,i 0 n !re 7,john xi1 #ae74 ,ye %all seek me1 & %all n f9d me3 & :]e ,i am1 ?i!r ye _c come 7vii1 #cf74 ,& n[ ,i am no m 9 ! _w 7xvii1 #aa74 #dhf ,god is self-exi/5t4 ,0 ,*ri/ self-exi/5t8 ,i live by ! ,fa!r 7,john vi1 #eg74 ,he live? by ! p[] ( ,god 7#b ,cor9?ians xiii1 #d74 #dhg ,did ,*ri/ h a preexi/5ce8 ,be=e ,abraham 01 ,i am 7,john viii1 #eh74 ,accord+ to ! ,synoptics 8 exi/5ce began ) 8 life on e>?4 #dhh ,0 he inf9ite 9 wisdom8 ,luke3 ,he increas$ 9 wisdom 7ii1 #eb74 ,if he increas$ 9 wisdom 8 k 0 limit$1 & limitation ( k is n an attribute ( an inf9ite ,god4 #dhi ,0 he inf9ite 9 goodness8 ,:y calle/ ?\ me good8 ,!re is none good b "o1 t is1 ,god 7,m>k x1 #ah74 #dij ,0 he inf9ite 9 m]cy8 ,he t believe? n %all be damn$ 7,m>k xvi1 #af74 ,dep>t f me1 ye curs$1 into ev]la/+ fire 7,mat!w xxv1 #da74 ,!n began he to upbraid ! cities :]e9 mo/ ( 8 mighty works 7 done1 because !y rep5t$ n3 ,woe unto !e1 ,*oraz96 woe unto !e1 ,be?saida6444 ,x %all be m tol]able = ,tyre & ,sidon at ! day ( ,judgm5t1 ?an = y4 ,& ?\1 ,cap]naum1 :i* art exalt$ unto heav51 %alt be br\ght d[n to hell 7,mat!w xi1 #bj-bc74 #dia ,8 resurrection is adduc$ z ! *ief argum5t 9 pro( ( 8 div9ity4 ,did he raise himself f ! dead8 ,pet]3 ,he did n4 ,god rais$ him4 ,jesus ,*ri/ ( ,naz>e?1 444 :om ,god rais$ f ! dead 7,acts iv1 #aj74 ,if ,*ri/1 !n1 did n rise f ! dead by 8 own volition1 0 8 resurrection any pro( ( 8 div9ity8 ,no m ?an ! resurrection ( ,laz>us 0 pro( ( ,laz>us's div9ity4 #dib ,8 miracul\s conception is adduc$ z ano!r pro( ( 8 div9ity4 ,is ?is ! only miracul\s conception claim$ 9 ! ,bible8 ,x is n4 ,isaac1 ,samson1 ,samuel & ,john ! ,bapti/ are all claim$ to h be5 miracul\sly conceiv$ 7,g5esis xviii1 #aj1 #aa2 xxi1 #a-c2 ,judges xiii1 #b1 #c1 #bd2 #a ,samuel i1 #i-aa1 #bj2 ,luke i1 #g-ac74 #dic ,8 miracles1 x is claim$1 atte/ 8 div9ity4 ,7 he & 8 disciples ! only ones :o p]=m$ miracles8 ,^! alleg$ miracles 7 p]=m$ be=e 8 "t--! ,old ,te/am5t ab\nds ) !m--& !y h be5 p]=m$ s9ce 8 "t4 ,!y 7 p]=m$ by o!rs 9 8 own "t--7 p]=m$ by ^? :o ignor$ & reject$ him--7 p]=m$ by ! disciples ( ,satan himself 7,mat!w vii1 #bb2 xii1 #bg2 ,m>k ix1 #ch2 xiii1 #bb2 ,luke ix1 #di74 ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,! suppos$ miracul\s evid5ce = ! div9e revelation1 moreov]1 is )\t any special div9e "*1 be+ av[$ly common also to ,satanic ag5cy1 b x is n orig9al ei!r 9 conception or details4 ,simil> miracles to ^? :i* are suppos$ to atte/ x are report$ long antec$5t to ! promulgation ( ,*ri/ianity1 & cont9u$ to be p]=m$ = c5turies aft] x4 ,a /ream ( miracul\s pret5sion1 9 fact1 has fl[$ ?r\gh all human hi/ory1 deep & broad z x has pass$ ?r\gh ! d>k] ages1 b dw9dl+ d[n to a ?read z x has ent]$ days ( enlight5m5t4 ,! evid5ce 0 too hackney$ & commonplace to make any impression ^u ^? be=e :om ! ,*ri/ian miracles are said to h be5 p]=m$1 & x altoge!r fail$ to conv9ce ! p to :om ! revelation 0 prim>ily address$4 ,! selection ( su* evid5ce1 = su* a purpose1 is mu* m *>act]i/ic ( human weakness ?an ( div9e p[] 7p4 #fii74 ,ar*bi%op ,tr5* says3 ,side by side ) ! miracles :i* s]ve = ! fur!r+ ( ! k+dom ( ,god runs ano!r l9e ( wond]s1 ! c\nt]-work+s ( him :o is ev] ! ape ( ! ,mo/ ,high4444 ,?is fact t ! k+dom ( lies has its wond]s no less ?an ! k+dom ( tru?1 is itself suffici5t evid5ce t miracles _c be appeal$ to absolutely & f9ally1 9 pro( ( ! doctr9e :i* ! work] ( !m proclaims 7,miracles ( ,our ,"l1 p4 #bb74 ,! miracles ( ,*ri/1 l ! miracles ( ,satan1 exi/$ only 9 ! m9ds ( 8 cr$ul\s & delud$ foll[]s4 ,ye %all h miracles1 aye1 s\nd ones too1 ,se51 he>d1 atte/$1 ev]y?+ b true4 --,?omas ,moore4 #did ,prophecy is appeal$ to 9 support ( 8 div9ity4 ,x is claim$ t ! writ]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t pr$ict$ 8 com+4 ,d su* pr$ictions exi/8 ,9 8 "w on ,! ,bible1 z well z 9 a previ\s *apt] ( ?is "w1 ! writ] has %[n t !re is n a s+le passage 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t t1 9 ! orig9al text1 ref]s 9 ! remote/ degree to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,greg %[s t mu* ( ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory1 l ,deut]onomy1 is pres5t$ 9 ! =m ( anticipatory n>rative4 ,to ! ,*ri/ian argum5t t ! ,messianic pr$ictions1 at lea/1 7 writt5 long ant]ior to ! "t ( ,*ri/1 he replies3 ,?is is true1 & ! argum5t w\ld h all ! =ce :i* is attribut$ to x1 7 ! objectors able to lay _! f+]s on a s+le ,old ,te/am5t pr$iction cle>ly ref]r+ to ,jesus ,*ri/1 int5d$ by ! utt]]s ( x to relate to him1 prefigur+ 8 "* & c>e]1 & manife/ly fulfill$ 9 8 appe>ance on e>?4 ,?is !y _c d4 ,mo/ ( ! passages usually adduc$ z comply+ ) ^! conditions1 ref]r$1 & 7 cle>ly int5d$ to ref]1 to em95t individuals 9 ,israeliti% hi/ory2 _m are n prophecies at all2 ! ,messiah1 ! ano9t$ deliv]]1 expect$ by ! ,jews1 hop$ = & call$ = by _! poets & prophets1 0 ( a "* s diff]5t1 & a c>e] s opposite1 to ^? ( ! meek1 l[ly1 long-suff]+ ,jesus1 t ! passages describ+ ! "o nev] c\ld h be5 appli$ to ! o!r1 )\t a p]v]sion ( +5uity1 & a disloyal treatm5t ( _! obvi\s signification1 :i*1 if employ$ 9 any o!r field ?an t ( !ology1 w\ld h met ) ! prompt discr$it & d]ision !y des]ve 7,cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom1 pp4 #ace1 #acf74 #die ,8 own presci5ce is cit$ 9 pro( ( 8 div9ity4 ,! de/ruction ( ! temple by ! ,romans1 x is claim$1 0 a wond]ful in/ance ( ! fulfillm5t ( prophecy4 ,b did 8 s-call$ prophecy h ref]5ce to ?is ev5t8 ,no "o c read ?is prophecy 7,mat!w xxiv1 #a-c7 & !n hone/ly cont5d t x did4 ,he cle>ly ref]s to 8 second com+ & ! end ( ! _w :5 ! temple1 9 common ) all sublun>y ?+s1 %all be de/roy$4 ,9 ! v]se imm$iately foll[+ ?is pr$iction1 8 disciples say3 ,tell u1 :5 %all ^! ?+s be8 & :at %all be ! sign ( ?y com+1 & ( ! end ( ! _w8 ,b ev5 if ?is s-call$ prophecy _h ref]r$ to ?is ev5t x is r5d]$ nugatory by ! fact t ! book conta9+ x 0 n compos$ until a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! de/ruction ( ! temple4 #dif ,:5 0 ,*ri/'s second com+ & ! end ( t]re/rial ?+s to take place8 ,!re be "s /&+ "h t %all n ta/e ( dea? till !y see ! ,son ( man com+ 9 8 k+dom 7,mat!w xvi1 #bh74 ,?is g5]ation %all n pass away1 till all be fulfill$ 7,luke xxi1 #cb74 ,sev5ty-five g5]ations h pass$1 & /ill ! _w rolls on1 unmov$ by ,*ri/'s & ,"m ,%ipton's prophecies4 #dig ,did ! ,apo/les believe t ! second com+ ( ,*ri/ & ! end ( ! _w 7 at h&8 ,pet]3 ,! end ( all ?+s is at h& 7#a ,pet] iv1 #g74 ,james3 ,! com+ ( ! ,"l drawe? nigh 7,james v1 #h74 ,john3 ,ye h he>d t anti*ri/ %all come1 ev5 n[ are !re _m anti*ri/s3 :]eby we "k t x is ! la/ "t 7#a ,john ii1 #ah74 ,paul3 ,= ! ,"l himself %all desc5d f heav5 ) a %\t1 ) ! voice ( ! ar*angel1 & ) ! trump ( ,god3 & ! dead 9 ,*ri/ %all rise fir/2 !n we :i* are alive & rema9 %all be caught up toge!r ) !m 9 ! cl\ds to meet ! ,"l 9 ! air 7#a ,!ssalonians iv1 #af1 #ag74 ,r5an1 ev] ready to palliate or ov]look ! errors ( 8 h]o1 frankly admits t ! pr$ictions conc]n+ 8 second adv5t & ! end ( ! _w 7 a dismal failure4 ,x is evid5t1 inde$1 he says1 t su* a doctr9e1 tak5 by itself 9 a lit]al mann]1 _h no future4 ,! _w1 9 cont9u+ to exi/1 caus$ x to crumble4 ,"o g5]ation ( man at ! mo/ 0 ! limit ( its endurance4 ,! fai? ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian g5]ation is intelligible1 b ! fai? ( ! second g5]ation is no long] s4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,john1 or ( ! la/ survivor1 :oev] he might be1 ( ! gr\p :i* _h se5 ! ma/]1 ! ^w ( ,jesus 0 convict$ ( falsehood 7,life ( ,jesus1 pp4 #bjc1 #bjd74 #dih ,to :at ext5t 0 ! gospel to be prea*$ be=e 8 second com+8 ,ye %all n h gone ov] ! cities ( ,israel1 till ! ,son ( man be come 7,mat!w x1 #bc74 ,! gospel mu/ fir/ be publi%$ among all nations 7,m>k xiii1 #aj74 #dii ,did ,jesus claim to be ! ,*ri/ or ,messiah f ! fir/8 ,john3 ,he did4 ,e>ly 9 8 m9i/ry ,! woman ( ,sam>ia sai? unto him1 ,i "k t ,messias come?1 :i* is call$ ,*ri/3 :5 he is come1 he w tell u all ?+s4 ,jesus sai? unto h]1 ,i t speak unto !e am he 7iv1 #be1 #bf74 ,synoptics3 ,he did n ann\nce 8 ,messiah%ip until late 9 8 m9i/ry4 #ejj ,:o :]e ! fir/ to recognize 8 div9ity8 ,synoptics3 ,devils & unclean spirits 7,mat!w viii1 #bh1 #bi2 ,m>k iii1 #aa1 #ab2 ,luke iv1 #da74 #eja ,:at is said ( ,jesus 9 ,hebrews8 ,jesus1 :o 0 made a little l[] ?an ! angels 7ii1 #i74 ,be+ made s mu* bett] ?an ! angels 7i1 #d74 #ejb ,:at did he say respect+ 8 id5tity ) ,god8 ,my ,fa!r & ,i are "o 7,john x1 #cj74 ,my ,fa!r is great] ?an ,i 7xiv1 #bh74 #ejc ,h[ did he attempt to e/abli% 8 claims8 ,x is also writt5 9 y\r law1 t ! te/imony ( two m5 is true4 ,i am "o t be> witness ( myself1 & ! ,fa!r t s5t me be>e? witness ( me 7,john viii1 #ag1 #ah74 ,b if ,i & my ,fa!r are "o1 h[ does t fulfill ! law8 #ejd ,:at did he say reg>d+ ! tru?fulness ( 8 te/imony conc]n+ himself8 ,?\gh ,i be> record ( myself1 yet my record is true 7,john viii1 #ad74 ,if ,i be> witness ( myself1 my witness is n true 7v4 #ca74 #eje ,did ,jesus' neighbors believe 9 8 div9ity8 ,mat!w3 ,:5 he 0 come into 8 own c\ntry1 & to 8 own home1 ,he did n _m mighty works !re because ( _! unbelief 7xiii1 #ed1 #eh74 #ejf ,:at op9ion did 8 fri5ds ent]ta9 ( him8 ,m>k3 ,& :5 8 fri5ds he>d ( x 8 "w1 !y w5t out to lay hold on him2 = !y said1 ,he is beside himself 7iii1 #ba74 #ejg ,did ev5 8 bro!rs believe 9 him8 ,john3 ,n[ ! ,jews' fea/ ( tab]nacles 0 at h&4 ,8 bre?r5 !re=e said unto him1 ,dep>t h5ce1 & g into ,judea1 t ?y disciples also may see ! works t ?\ doe/4 ,= !re is no man t doe? any ?+ 9 secret1 & he himself seeke? to be kn[n op5ly4 ,if ?\ d ^! ?+s1 %ew ?yself to ! _w4 ,= nei!r did 8 bre?r5 believe 9 him 7vii1 #b-e74 ,^! ?ree passages are fatal to ! claim ( ,*ri/'s div9ity4 ,if he 0 unable to conv9ce 8 neighbors1 8 fri5ds1 or ev5 8 own family ( 8 div9ity he 0 n div9e4 ,mu* less 0 he ! v ,god1 z claim$4 ,accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian s*eme1 man by 8 disob$i5ce fell--0 lo/4 ,god desir$ to save him4 ,*ri/--,god manife/ 9 ! fle%--came on e>? = ?is purpose4 ,:at 0 requir$ ( man to secure salvation8 ,simply to believe t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/4 ,9 ord] = him to believe ?is :at 0 necess>y8 ,t ,jesus %\ld conv9ce him t he 0 div9e4 ,if he 0 all-p[]ful he c\ld h done ?is2 if he 0 all-j he w\ld h done ?is4 ,did he d ?is8 ,8 own race reject$ him4 ,disbelief 9 ,*ri/'s div9ity disproves 8 div9ity4 #ejh ,! writ+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are adduc$ z ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/'s div9ity & ! div9e "* ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,d ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t claim to be inspir$8 ,) ! possible exception ( ! au?or ( ,revelation1 !y d n4 ,paul says1 ,all scripture is giv5 by inspiration ( ,god4 ,b ! scripture ( ,paul 0 ! scripture ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,8 words h no ref]5ce :atev] to ! writ+s ( ! ,new :i* did n exi/ 9 8 "t4 ,if ! ,new ,te/am5t is n inspir$ & infallible1 :at foll[s8 ,if ! ,new ,te/am5t is defective ! *ur* itself is 9 error1 & mu/ be giv5 up z a deception4--,dr4 ,tis*5dorf4 ,x is n a ^w too mu* to say t ! ,new ,te/am5t ab\nds ) errors4--,dean ,al=d4 #eji ,:at is said ( ! ,apocryphal ,gospels :i* appe>$ 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! *ur*8 ,sev]al hi/ories ( 8 ,*ri/'s life & doctr9es1 full ( pi\s frauds & fabul\s wond]s1 7 compos$ by p]sons ^: int5tions p]haps 7 n bad1 b ^: writ+s discov]$ ! greate/ sup]/ition & ignorance4 ,nor 0 ?is all2 productions appe>$ :i* 7 impos$ ^u ! _w by fraudul5t m51 z ! writ+s ( ! holy ,apo/les4--,mo%eim4 ,is ! above less true ( ! books we are review+8 ,are n ^! writ+s full ( pi\s frauds & fabul\s wond]s8 ,d n ^! writ+s display ! greate/ sup]/ition & ignorance8 ,h n ^! writ+s be5 impos$ ^u ! _w by fraudul5t m51 z ! writ+s ( ! holy 787 ,apo/les8 ,if "s ( ^! apocryphal ,gospels _h be5 accept$ z canonical1 & ! canonical ,gospels _h be5 reject$ z apocryphal1 ^! canonical ,gospels w\ld appe> z untru?ful & fooli% to ,*ri/ians z ! apocryphal ,gospels d4 #eaj ,let u exam9e ! religi\s tea*+s ascrib$ to ,*ri/4 ,= :at purpose 0 8 blood %$8 ,?is is my blood ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* is %$ = _m 7,m>k xiv1 #bd74 ,?is cup is ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 my blood1 :i* is %$ = y 7,luke xxii1 #bj74 ,?is is my blood ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* is %$ = _m ,,= ,,! ,,remission ,,( ,,s9s 7,mat!w xxvi1 #bh74 ,! above is "o ( ! mo/ significant discrepancies 9 ! ,bible4 ,! ,atonem5t is ! *ief doctr9e connect$ ) ,*ri/ & or?odox ,*ri/ianity4 ,! text quot$ f ,mat!w is ! only text 9 ! ,f\r ,gospels :i* cle>ly tea*es ?is doctr9e4 ,two o!r texts 7,mat!w xx1 #bh2 ,john i1 #bi7 are adduc$ 9 support ( x1 b d n cle>ly tea* x4 ,n[ ,mat!w has falsely ascrib$ to ,jesus ! revelation ( ! ,atonem5t1 or ,m>k & ,luke h ei!r ignorantly or int5tionally omitt$ ?is greate/ ( ,*ri/ian doctr9es4 ,!y conta9 no m5tion ( ! ,atonem5t z und]/ood by or?odox ,*ri/ians4 #eaa ,= :om did he say 8 blood 0 %$8 ,?is is my blood ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* is %$ = _m int]pret$ by ! *ur* to mean all mank9d 7,m>k xiv1 #bd74 ,?is cup is ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 my blood1 :i* is %$ = y address$ to 8 disciples alone 7,luke xxii1 #bj74 #eab ,0 8 blood really %$8 ,! crucifixion 0 n a bloody dea?1 & aside f ! self-confut$ /ory ( ,john ab\t blood & wat] fl[+ f 8 corpse1 ! ,evangeli/s d n /ate t a drop ( blood 0 %$4 #eac ,*ri/1 x is affirm$1 0 bo? ,god & man4 ,0 x ! human1 or ! div9e "p ( him t suff]$ dea?8 ,if only ! human1 ?is sacrifice 0 n an exceptional "o1 = ?\s&s h di$ = _! fell[ m54 ,if ! div9e "p 0 sacrific$ does ,god cease to exi/8 #ead ,8 dea? is call$ an inf9ite sacrifice4 ,if only ! man di$ c ?is be true8 ,! (f]+ ( a f9ite be+1 x mu/ be admitt$1 w\ld n con/itute an inf9ite sacrifice4 #eae ,if ! ,god 0 crucifi$ does he suff] endless pa98 ,if n1 !n 8 suff]+ 0 n inf9ite1 & ! sacrifice 9 ?is case 0 n an inf9ite "o4 #eaf ,if ,god di$1 b subsequ5tly rose f ! dead1 0 !re n an int]regnum :5 ! univ]se 0 )\t a rul]8 ,if s1 !n x mu/ be conc$$ t ! exi/5ce ( ! univ]se is n dep5d5t ^u ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 #eag ,are all mank9d to be sav$ by ,*ri/8 ,& ,i1 if ,i be lift$ up f ! e>?1 w draw all m5 to me 7,john xii1 #cb74 ,_m be call$ b few *os5 7,mat!w xx1 #af74 #eah ,:at does ,paul affirm conc]n+ ! ,atonem5t8 ,*ri/ di$ = our s9s accord+ to ! scriptures 7#a ,cor9?ians xv1 #c74 ,by scriptures ,paul means ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & accord+ to ! scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,e man %all be put to dea? = 8 own s9s 7,deut]onomy xxiv1 #af74 ,l ne>ly all ! doctr9es ascrib$ to ,*ri/1 ! atonem5t is 9 ! highe/ degree unju/ & absurd4 ,ref]r+ to ?is doctr9e1 ,"l ,byron says3 ,! basis ( y\r religion is inju/ice4 ,! ,son ( ,god1 ! pure1 ! immaculate1 ! innoc5t1 is sacrific$ = ! guilty4 ,?is proves 8 h]oism1 b no m does away ) man's s9 ?an a s*oolboy's volunte]+ to be flogg$ = ano!r w\ld exculpate a dunce f neglig5ce4 ,greg ju/ly *>ges ,*ri/ians ) hold+ ! /rangely inconsi/5t doctr9e t ,god is s j t he c\ld n let s9 g unpuni%$1 yet s unju/ t he c\ld puni% x 9 ! p]son ( ! innoc5t4 ,x is = or?odox dialectics1 he says1 to expla9 h[ ,div9e ,ju/ice c be impugn$ by p>don+ ! guilty1 & yet v9dicat$ by puni%+ ! innoc5t6 7,cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom1 pp4 #cch1 #cci47 #eai ,x is claim$ t ! sacrifice ( ,jesus 0 necess>y = our salvation4 ,?r\gh :om 0 ?is sacrifice secur$8 ,all3 ,judas ,isc>iot procur$ x1 & ,pilate & ! ,jews (f]$ x4 ,are n ,*ri/ians1 !n1 9 condemn+ ^! m51 ungrateful to _! greate/ b5efactors8 ,a man is dang]\sly ill4 ,! druggi/ provides a rem$y1 ! physician adm9i/]s x & saves 8 life4 ,:5 re/or$ does he %[ 8 gratitude by prais+ ! drug & damn+ ! doctor8 #ebj ,9 p]mitt+ ! crucifixion ( ,jesus1 :o committ$ ! great] s91 ,pilate or ,god8 ,john3 ,jesus answ]$1 ,?\ c\lde/ h no p[] at all aga9/ me1 except x 7 giv5 !e f above3 !re=e he ,god t deliv]$ me unto !e ha? ! great] s9 7xix1 #aa74 ,hon4 ,allan ,l4 ,mc,dermott1 9 8 memorable spee* 9 ,congress1 9 #aijf1 prote/+ aga9/ ! p]secution ( ,jews by ,*ri/ians1 said3 ,if an omnipot5t ,god ord]s any?+ done1 ! human in/rum5ts select$ to c>ry out 8 ord]s _c be *>g$ ) ! acts comm&$4 ,! doctr9e ( repondeat sup]ior applies4 ,if :at happ5$ c\ld h be5 prev5t$ by ! ,romans or by ! ,jews1 !n ! ,new ,te/am5t is wor?less4 ,let u assume t ! ,jews crucifi$ ,*ri/4 ,c\ld !y h done o!rwise8 ,7 !y great] ?an ,god8 ,accord+ to ! ,bible1 ! crucifixion 0 arrang$ = by ! ,fa!r4 ,:y blame ! ,jews or ! ,romans or any o!r mortals8 ,!y did n "k :at !y 7 do+4 ,! ,roman soldi]s did n believe t !y 7 crucify+ ! son ( ,god2 !y did n "k !y 7 crucify+ ,god himself4 ,:y blame ! in/rum5ts8 ,:y p]secute ! desc5dants8 ,accord+ to ! ,synoptic ,gospels & accord+ to ,john1 ! arrangem5ts = ! crucifixion--e detail--7 made by ,almighty ,god1 & 7 kn[n to ,*ri/4 #eba ,:at 0 ! "* ( 8 dea?8 ,homicide4 ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 a man 444 ye h tak51 & by wick$ h&s h crucifi$ & sla9 7,acts ii1 #bb1 #bc74 ,regicide4 ,! ,"l ,god %all give unto him ! ?rone ( 8 fa!r ,david 7,luke i1 #cb74 ,?is is ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7xxiii1 #ch74 ,!re !y crucifi$ him 7#cc74 ,deicide4 ,! ,^w ,*ri/ 0 ,god 7,john i1 #a74 ,i & my ,fa!r are "o 7x1 #cj74 ,!y crucifi$ him 7xix1 #ah74 ,suicide4 ,i ,*ri/ lay d[n my life1 t ,i might take x aga94 ,no man take? x f me1 b ,i lay x d[n ( myself 7,john x1 #ag1 #ah74 #ebb ,:at did ,jesus tea* respect+ ! resurrection ( ! dead & ! doctr9e ( immortality8 ,= ! h\r is com+ 9 ! :i* all t are 9 ! graves %all he> 8 voice1 & %all come =? 7,john v1 #bh1 #bi74 ,se>* ! scriptures2 = 9 !m ye ?9k ye h et]nal life 7#ci74 ,z ! cl\d is consum$ & vani%e? away1 s he t goe? d[n to ! grave %all come up no m4--,job 7vii1 #i74 ,8 brea? goe? =?1 he returne? to 8 e>?2 9 t v day 8 ?\ghts p]i%4--,psalms 7cxlvi1 #d74 ,= t :i* befalle? ! sons ( m5 befalle? bea/s4444 ,z "o die?1 s die? ! o!r2 yea1 !y h all "o brea?1 s t man ha? no preem95ce ov] a bea/4--,ecclesia/es 7iii1 #ai74 #ebc ,8 resurrection is accept$ by ,*ri/ians z a pro( & type ( man's resurrection & immortality4 ,:at 0 ! nature ( 8 resurrection8 ,accord+ to all ( ! ,evangeli/s x 0 m]ely a reanimation ( 8 undecay$ body4 ,o!r bodies suppos$ly dead h be5 reviv$1 b nei!r ^! resuscitations nor ! suppos$ reanimation ( ,jesus' corpse af=ds pro( t bodies :i* ages ago crumbl$ into du/ & ^: p>ticles subsequ5tly ent]$ into ! composition ( myriads ( o!r bodies w be reunit$ into ! orig9al be+s4 ,& z ,jesus almo/ imm$iately disappe>$ aft] 8 alleg$ resurrection & has nev] s9ce be5 se5 ?is resurrection did n ev9ce 8 own immortality1 mu* less t ( mank9d 9 g5]al4 #ebd ,did ,*ri/ desc5d into hell8 ,pet]3 ,he did 7,acts ii1 #ca2 #a ,pet] iii1 #ai74 ,pet] /ates t 8 s\l 0 n left 9 hell1 :i* necessitates ! assumption ( 8 hav+ gone !re4 ,he also decl>es t aft] 8 dea? he w5t & prea*$ unto ! spirits 9 prison hell4 ,! ,confession ( ,fai? 7,art4 ,,iii7 says3 ,z ,*ri/ di$ = u1 & 0 buri$2 s also is x to be believ$ t he w5t d[n into hell4 ,= :at purpose did ,*ri/ desc5d into hell & prea* to its inhabitants8 ,if x 0 to r$eem !m 8 mission 0 fruitless2 if x 0 n to r$eem !m 8 mission 0 useless4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s almo/ uni=mly spell$ ! "n ( ,*ri/1 n ,*ri/os 7! ,ano9t$71 b ,*re/os4 ,*re/os 0 a ,pagan "n giv5 to ! judge ( ,hades 9 ! l[] _w4 #ebe ,:at is taught reg>d+ ju/ification by fai? & ju/ification by works8 ,paul3 ,a man is n ju/ifi$ by ! works ( ! law1 b by ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 444 = by ! works ( ! law %all no fle% be ju/ifi$ 7,galatians ii1 #af74 ,if righte\sness come by ! law !n ,*ri/ is dead 9 va9 7#ba74 ,to him t worke? n1 b believe? on him t ju/ifie? ! ungodly1 8 fai? is c\nt$ = righte\sness 7,romans iv1 #e74 ,!re=e1 we conclude t a man is ju/ifi$ by fai? )\t ! de$s ( ! law 7iii1 #bh74 ,james3 ,b wilt ?\ "k1 ,o va9 man1 t fai? )\t works is dead8 7ii1 #bj74 ,ye see1 !n1 h[ t by works a man is ju/ifi$1 & n by fai? only 7#bd74 ,! *ur* accepts ! tea*+s ( ,paul & condemns or ignores ! tea*+s ( ,james4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 9 8 ,table ,talk1 ?us def9es ! position ( ! ,prote/ant *ur*3 ,he t says ! gospel requires works = salvation1 ,i say flat & pla9 he is a li>4 ,e do] ( ! law & e moral work] is accurs$1 = he walke? 9 ! presumption ( 8 own righte\sness4 ,if m5 only believe en\gh 9 ,*ri/ !y c commit adult]y & murd] a ?\s& times a day )\t p]il+ _! salvation4 ,lu!r reject$ & d5\nc$ ! book ( ,james because x tea*es ! efficacy ( good works4 ,! ,engli% ,confession ( ,fai? affirms ! foll[+3 ,t we are ju/ifi$ by ,fai? only1 is a mo/ :olesome doctr9e1 & v full ( com=t 7,art4 ,,xi74 ,works done be=e ! grace ( ,*ri/1 & ! inspiration ( ! ,_s1 are n pleasant to ,god1 =asmu* z !y spr+ n ( fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4444 ,yea r1 = t !y are n done z ,god ha? will$ & comm&$ !m to be done1 we d\bt n b !y h ! nature ( s9 7,art4 ,,xiii74 ,morality6 ?\ deadly bane1 ,?y t5s o' ?\s&s ?\ ha/ sla96 ,va9 is 8 hope1 ^: /ay & tru/ is ,9 moral m]cy1 tru? & ju/ice6 ,no--/ret* a po9t to cat* a plack2 ,abuse a bro!r to 8 back2 ,be to ! poor l onie :un/ane1 ,& haud _! noses to ! grun/ane2 ,ply ev'ry art o' legal ?iev+3 ,no matt]1 /ick to s\nd believ+4 ,le>n ?ree-mile pray]s1 & half-mile graces1 ,wi weel-spread loaves1 & lang wry faces1 ,grunt up a solemn1 l5g!n'd groan1 ,& damn a' p>ties b y\r own3 ,i'll w>rant1 !n1 ye're nae deceiv]1 ,a /eady1 /urdy1 /aun* believ]4 --,rob]t ,burns4 #ebf ,:at does ,*ri/ tea* reg>d+ salvation8 ,:osoev] live? & believe? 9 me %all nev] die 7,john xi1 #bf74 ,he t believe? on him is n condemn$2 b he t believe? n is condemn$ already 7iii1 #ah74 ,he t believe? on ! ,son ha? ev]la/+ life3 & he t believe? n on ! ,son %all n see life 7#cf74 ,a dem& s prepo/]\s c\ld h be5 made only 9 support ( claims t 7 realiz$ to be unt5able4 ,cr$ulity 0 appeal$ to because conv9c+ evid5ce c\ld n be adduc$4 ,claims :i* reason rejects are manife/ly false1 & x is only by a r5unciation ( reason t !y c be accept$ z true4 ,! absurdity ( ?is requirem5t ( ,*ri/ is ?us expos$ by ! poet ,%elley3 ,?is is ! pivot ^u :i* all religions turn2 !y all assume t x is 9 our p[] to believe or n to believe3 :]eas ! m9d c only believe t :i* x ?9ks true4 ,a human be+ c only be suppos$ acc\ntable = ^? actions :i* are influ5c$ by 8 w4 ,b belief is utt]ly di/9ct f & unconnect$ ) volition3 x is ! appreh5sion ( ! agreem5t or disagreem5t ( ! ideas t compose any proposition4 ,belief is a passion or involunt>y op]ation ( ! m9d1 &1 l o!r passions1 its int5sity is precisely proportionate to ! degree ( excitem5t4 ,volition is ess5tial to m]it or dem]it4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian religion atta*es ! highe/ possible degree ( m]it & dem]it to t :i* is wor?y ( nei!r1 & :i* is totally unconnect$ ) ! peculi> faculty ( ! m9d ^: pres5ce is ess5tial to _! be+ 7,notes to ,que5 ,mab74 #ebg ,did ,*ri/ abrogate ! ,mosaic law8 ,till heav5 & e>? pass1 "o jot or "o tittle %all 9 no wise pass f ! law 7,mat!w v1 #ah74 ,! law & ! prophets 7 until ,john2 s9ce t "t ! ,k+dom ( ,god is prea*$ 7,luke xvi1 #af74 ,paul3 ,! law 0 our s*oolma/] to br+ u unto ,*ri/1 t we might be ju/ifi$ by fai?4 ,b aft] t fai? is come we are no long] "u a s*oolma/] 7,galatians iii1 #bd1 #be74 ,b n[ we are deliv]$ f ! law 7,romans vii1 #f74 ,*ri/ c]ta9ly did come to de/roy ! law & ! prophets4--,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]4 #ebh ,:at is taught reg>d+ ! =giv5ess ( s98 ,he ,god is fai?ful & j to =give s9s 7#a ,john i1 #i74 ,! ,son ( man ha? p[] on e>? to =give s9s 7,m>k ii1 #aj74 ,today ,i (f] y ! p>don ( ! gospel--full p>don1 free p>don4 ,i d n c>e :at y\r crime has be54 ,?\gh y say y h committ$ a crime aga9/ ,god1 aga9/ y\r own s\l1 aga9/ y\r fell[-man1 aga9/ y\r family1 aga9/ ! day ( judgm5t1 aga9/ ! cross ( ,*ri/--:atev] y\r crime has be51 "h is p>don1 full p>don1 & ! v mom5t y take t p>don y\r heav5ly ,fa!r ?r[s 8 arms ab\t y & says3 ',my son1 ,i =give y4 ,x is all "r4 ,y are z mu* 9 my favor n[ z if y nev] _h s9n$4'--,dr4 ,talmage4 ,?is doctr9e ( =giv5ess ( s9 is a premium on crime4 ,=give u our s9s means ,let u cont9ue 9 our iniquity4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ p]nici\s ( doctr9es1 & "o ( ! mo/ fruitful s\rces ( immorality4 ,x has be5 ! *ief cause ( mak+ ,*ri/ian nations ! mo/ immoral ( nations4 ,9 tea*+ ?is doctr9e ,*ri/ committ$ a s9 = :i* 8 dea? did n atone1 & :i* c nev] be =giv54 ,!re is no =giv5ess ( s94 ,e cause has its effect2 e s9n] mu/ suff] ! consequ5ces ( 8 s9s4 #ebi ,:at is taught reg>d+ future rew>ds & puni%m5ts8 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$2 b he t believe? n %all be damn$ 7,m>k xvi1 #af74 ,^! words1 :ile appe>+ 9 ! unau!ntic app5dix to ,m>k1 yet express cle>ly ! alleg$ tea*+s ( ,jesus4 ,above all !y h =m$ ! key note ( or?odox ,*ri/ianity 9 all ages ( ! *ur*4 ,betwe5 ! l9es ( ?is passage ! eye ( ! unfett]$ m9d disc]ns 9 l>ge capitals ! ^w ,,fraud4 ,^! words are ! words ( an impo/or4 ,_h ,jesus be5 div9e he w\ld n h be5 compell$ to resort to bribes & ?reats to secure ! _w's adh]5ce4 ,_h he ev5 be5 a s9c]e man he w\ld n h desir$ conv]ts on su* t]ms4 ,^! words are ei!r ! utt]ance ( a false ,messiah1 consci\s ( 8 impot5cy1 or ! inv5tion ( prie/s :o int5d$ !m to fright5 ! ignorant & cr$ul\s into an acceptance ( _! fai?4 ,conc]n+ ?is tea*+ ,col4 ,+]soll says3 ,r$d5 y\r h&s ) human blood2 bla/ by sl&] ! fair fame ( ! innoc5t2 /rangle ! smil+ *ild ^u its "m's knees2 deceive1 ru91 & des]t ! beautiful girl :o loves & tru/s y1 & y\r case is n hopeless4 ,= all ?is1 & = all ^!1 y may be =giv54 ,= all ?is1 & = all ^!1 t bankrupt c\rt e/abli%$ by ! gospel w give y a dis*>ge2 b d5y ! exi/5ce ( ^! div9e gho/s1 ( ^! gods1 & ! sweet & te>ful face ( ,m]cy becomes livid ) et]nal hate4 ,heav5's gold5 gates are %ut1 & y1 ) an inf9ite curse r++ 9 y\r e>s1 ) ! br& ( infamy ^u y\r br[1 comm5ce y\r endless w&]+s 9 ! lurid gloom ( hell--an immortal vagrant1 an et]nal outca/1 a dea?less convict4 ,a gloomy heav5 above op5+ its jeal\s gates to ! n9ete5-?\s&? "p ( ! ti! ( mank9d6 ,& bel[ an inexorable ,hell exp&+ its levia?an jaws = ! va/ residue ( mortals6 ,o doctr9e com=table & heal+ to ! we>y w\nd$ s\l ( man6--,rob]t ,burns4 #ecj ,did he tea* ! doctr9e ( endless puni%m5t8 ,& ^! %all g away into ev]la/+ puni%m5t 7,mat!w xxv1 #df74 ,t is ! mo/ infam\s passage 9 all lit]ature4 ,x is ! language1 n ( an inc>nate ,god1 b ( an inc>nate devil4 ,! be+ :o gave utt]ance to ^? words des]ves n ! wor%ip1 b ! execration ( mank9d4 ,! prie/s :o prea* ?is doctr9e ( et]nal pa9 are fi5ds4 ,!re is mis]y en\gh 9 ?is _w )\t add+ to x ! m5tal angui% ( ?is mon/r\s lie4 ,less ?an a hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 ,*ri/ 0 yet believ$ to be div9e1 9 ne>ly e pulpit1 to fright5 timid & confid+ mo!rs1 dimpl$ babes 7 consign$ to ! r$ flames ( ?is et]nal hell4 ,!n came ! prea*]s ( humanity--! ,ball\s1 ! ,*ann+s1 ! ,p>k]s & ! ,bee*]s--prea*]s ) he>ts & bra9s1 :o s\ght to humanize ?is heav5ly demon1 to make ( him a dec5t man1 & civilize 8 fi5di% prie/s4 ,to ^! m5 is due ! debt ( ev]la/+ gratitude4 ,) ! return ( e spr+ ! emancipat$ ( ! race %\ld build above _! sacr$ du/ a pyramid ( fl[]s4 ,n by ! sects kn[n z ,univ]sali/s & ,unit>ians1 small 9 numb]s1 ?\gh 9 ! "* ( _! adh]5ts ! greate/ ( ! ,*ri/ian sects1 mu/ we e/imate ! importance ( ! "w ( ,ball\ & ,*ann+ & o!r ,lib]al m9i/]s4 ,! influ5ce ( _! tea*+s has p]meat$ e ,*ri/ian sect1 & quick5$ e humane consci5ce4 ,9 ! m9ds ( all intellig5t ,*ri/ians1 l>gely z ! result ( _! labors1 ?is he>tless demon & ?is cruel dogma are dead4 ,9 _! cre$s !y /ill survive4 ,!y are a%am$ ( ! dogma2 !y abhor x4 ,!y %\ld abhor its au?or1 & bani% bo?4 ,:at6 ,i %\ld call on t ,inf9ite ,love t has s]v$ u s well8 ,inf9ite cruelty r1 t made ev]la/+ hell1 ,made u1 =eknew u1 =$oom'd u1 & does :at he w ) 8 own2 ,bett] our dead brute "m :o nev] has he>d u groan4 --,t5nyson4 #eca ,is x possible to fall f grace8 ,pet]3 ,if aft] !y h escap$ ! pollutions ( ! _w ?r\gh ! k ( ! ,"l & ,savior ,jesus ,*ri/1 !y are aga9 entangl$ !re91 & ov]come1 ! latt] end is worse ) !m ?an ! beg9n+ 7#b ,pet] ii1 #bj74 ,my %eep he> my voice1 & ,i "k !m1 & !y foll[ me3 & ,i give unto !m et]nal life2 & !y %all nev] p]i%1 nei!r %all any man pluck !m out ( my h& 7,john x1 #bg1 #bh74 ,!re is no condemnation = !m t believe & are baptiz$4--,confession ( ,fai?1 ,art4 ,,ix4 #ecb ,is baptism ess5tial to salvation8 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$ 7,m>k xvi1 #af74 ,except a man be born ( ! wat] & ( ! ,_s1 he _c ent] ! ,k+dom ( ,god 7,john iii1 #e74 ,g ye1 !re=e1 & tea* all nations1 baptiz+ !m 7,mat!w xxviii1 #ai74 ,0 ! p5it5t ?ief baptiz$8 ,paul says3 ,i ?ank ,god t ,i baptiz$ none ( y1 b ,crispus & ,gaius4444 ,= ,*ri/ s5t me n to baptize1 b to prea* ! gospel 7#a ,cor9?ians i1 #ad1 #ag74 #ecc ,:at con/itutes ,*ri/ian baptism1 imm]sion or spr9kl+8 ,) millions ( ,bibles 9 circulation1 ! ,*ri/ian does n "k4 ,if he affirms1 z _m s*ol>s affirm1 t imm]sion is ! mode au?oriz$ by ! ,bible1 !n he mu/ admit t ! great] portion ( ,*ri/5dom has reject$ ?is mode & adopt$ "o n au?oriz$ by ! ,scriptures4 ,to :om is ?is rite to be adm9i/]$1 to bo? adults & infants1 or to adults alone8 ,aft] eighte5 c5turies ( controv]sy2 aft] employ+ millions ( prie/s to int]pret ! ,scriptures2 aft] ,anabapti/s & ,p$obapti/s h baptiz$ _! swords 9 ea* o!rs' blood1 ! *ur* is n prep>$ to answ]4 #ecd ,did ,*ri/ comm& 8 disciples to repeat & p]petuate ! obs]vance ( ! ,eu*>i/8 ,luke3 ,he did4 ,?is d 9 remembrance ( me4 ,mat!w1 ,m>k & ,john3 ,he did n4 ,x is admitt$ by ,dr4 ,we/cott & o!rs t ! e>li] v]sions ( ,luke did n conta9 ! injunction quot$4 ,*ri/1 !n1 accord+ to ! ,f\r ,gospels did n in/itute ! ,eu*>i/ z a sacram5t to be obs]v$ by 8 disciples & ! *ur*4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,m9ot ,j4 ,savage says3 ,!y knew no?+ ab\t any sacram5ts2 !y _h n be5 in/itut$ 7,:at is ,*ri/ianity874 #ece ,:at did he tea* 9 reg>d to ! efficacy ( pray]8 ,all ?+s :atsoev] ye %all ask 9 pray]1 believ+1 ye %all receive 7,mat!w xxi1 #bb74 ,?is is "o ( ! c>d9al doctr9es ( 8 religion4 ,he is cont9ually impress+ ^u ! m9ds ( 8 he>]s ! necessity & ! efficacy ( pray]4 ,ref]r+ to ?is doctr9e1 ,greg says3 ,?is doctr9e has 9 all ages be5 a /umbl+ block to ! ?\ghtful4 ,x is obvi\sly irreconcilable ) all t reason & revelation tea* u ( ! div9e nature2 & ! inconsi/5cy has be5 felt by ! able/ ( ! ,scripture writ]s !mselves4 ,v>i\s & desp]ate h be5 ! exp$i5ts & suppositions resort$ to1 9 ord] to reconcile ! conception ( an immutable1 all-wise1 all-=esee+ ,god1 ) t ( a fa!r :o is turn$ f 8 c\rse by ! pray]s ( 8 creatures4 ,b all su* ef=ts are1 & are felt to be1 hopeless failures4 ,!y involve ! ass]tion & negation ( ! same proposition 9 "o brea?4 ,! problem rema9s /ill insoluble2 & we mu/ ei!r be cont5t to leave x s1 or we mu/ ab&on "o or o!r ( ! ho/ile premises4 ,! religi\s man1 :o believes t all ev5ts1 m5tal z well z physical1 are pre-ord]$ & arrang$ accord+ to ! decrees ( inf9ite wisdom1 & ! philosoph]1 :o kn[s t1 by ! wise & et]nal laws ( ! univ]se1 cause & effect are indissolubly *a9$ toge!r1 & t "o foll[s ! o!r 9 inevitable succession--equally feel t ?is ord9ation--?is *a9--_c be *ang$ at ! cry ( man4 ,to suppose t x c is to place ! :ole h>moni\s sy/em ( nature at ! m]cy ( ! weak reason & ! selfi% wi%es ( humanity4 ,if ! purposes ( ,god 7 n wise1 !y w\ld n be =m$3 if wise1 !y _c be *ang$1 = !n !y w\ld become unwise4 ,to suppose t an all-wise ,be+ w\ld alt] 8 designs & modes ( proce$+ at ! entreaty ( an unkn[+ creature1 is to believe t compassion w\ld *ange 8 wisdom into fooli%ness4444 ,if ! univ]se is gov]n$ by fix$ laws1 or 7:i* is ! same proposition 9 diff]5t language71 if all ev5ts are pre-orda9$ by ! =esee+ wisdom ( an inf9ite ,god1 !n ! pray]s ( ?\s&s ( ye>s & g5]ations ( m>tyrs & sa9ts _c *ange or modify "o iota ( our de/9y4 ,! proposition is unassailable by ! subtle/ logic4 ,! weak1 fond affections ( humanity /ruggle 9 va9 aga9/ ! unwelcome conclusion 7,cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom1 pp4 #cbb1 #cbc74 #ecf ,:]e are we comm&$ to pray8 ,:5 ?\ praye/ ent] into ?y closet 7,mat!w vi1 #f74 ,h[ long ought we to cont9ue 9 pray]8 ,m5 ought always to pray 7,luke xviii1 #a74 #ecg ,did ,*ri/ assume = himself ! p[] ( answ]+ petitions8 ,:atsoev] ye %all ask 9 my "n t w ,i d 7,john xiv1 #ac74 ,b soon realiz+ t 8 capital 0 too small to conduct a bus9ess ( su* magnitude1 he 0 compell$ to ann\nce t1 ,:atsoev] ye %all ask ( ! ,fa!r 9 my "n1 he may give x y 7xv1 #af74 #ech ,does ,god "k our wants8 ,y\r fa!r kn[e? :at ?+s ye h ne$ ( be=e ye ask him 7,mat!w vi1 #h74 ,!n :at is ! use ( pray]8 ,is ,god a mis*iev\s ur*9 taunt+ 8 hungry dog ) a morsel ( bread1 & %\t+1 ,beg1 ,tray1 beg68 #eci ,:at portion ( _! goods did he require ! ri* to give ! poor to obta9 salvation8 ,ri* ,rul]1 ,no4 #a3 ,good ,ma/]1 :at %all ,i d to inh]it et]nal life8 7,luke xviii1 #ah47 ,jesus3 ,sell all t ?\ ha/ & di/ribute unto ! poor 7#bb74 ,ri* ,rul]1 ,no4 #b3 ,"l1 ! half ( my goods ,i give to ! poor 7,luke xix1 #h74 ,jesus3 ,?is day is salvation come to ?is h\se 7#i74 #edj ,:at did he tea* respect+ ! publicity ( good works8 ,let y\r light s %9e be=e m51 t !y may see y\r good works 7,mat!w v1 #af74 ,take he$ t ye d n y\r righte\sness be=e m5 to be se5 ( !m 7vi1 #a1 ,new ,v]474 #eda ,:at orig9al rules ( table obs]vance did he tea* 8 disciples8 ,mat!w3 ,to ab/a9 f wa%+ _! h&s be=e eat+4 ,!y wa% n _! h&s :5 !y eat bread 7xv1 #b74 ,john3 ,to wa% _! feet aft] eat+4 ,he rise? f supp]1 & laid aside 8 g>m5ts2 & took a t[el & gird$ himself4 ,aft] t he p\r$ wat] into a bas91 & began to wa% ! disciples' feet1 & to wipe !m ) ! t[el :]e) he 0 gird$ 7xiii1 #d1 #e74 ,! pron5ess ( ,*ri/'s foll[]s to neglect 8 ord9ances & precepts :i* require "s sacrifice or ef=t to obey1 & ! read9ess ) :i* !y obs]ve ^? :i* d n1 f9d a fitt+ illu/ration 9 ! reception accord$ ^! tea*+s4 ,:ile ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 _m ( !m1 accept$ ! fir/ z a religi\s obligation n to be violat$1 ! second 0 ignor$4 ,writ+ ( ,*ri/ian monks & nuns1 ,lecky says3 ,! cleanl9ess ( ! body 0 reg>d$ z a pollution ( ! s\l1 & ! sa9ts :o 7 mo/ admir$ _h become "o hide\s mass ( clott$ fil?4 ,/4 ,a?anasius relates ) en?usiasm h[ ,/4 ,antony1 ! patri>* ( mona*ism1 _h nev]1 to extreme old age1 be5 guilty ( wa%+ 8 feet4444 ,/4 ,abraham ! h]mit1 h[ev]1 :o liv$ = fifty ye>s aft] 8 conv]sion1 rigidly refus$ f t date to wa% ei!r 8 face or feet4444 ,/4 ,euphraxia jo9$ a conv5t ( "o hundr$ & ?irty nuns1 :o nev] wa%$ _! feet1 & :o %udd]$ at ! m5tion ( a ba? 7,european ,morals1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 pp4 #aji1 #aaj74 #edb ,:at religi\s =mula is to be f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,9 ! "n ( ,jesus4 ,9 ! "n ( ,jesus ! disciples ca/ out devils & p]=m$ o!r miracles2 ,9 ! "n ( ,jesus !y baptiz$ _! conv]ts2 ,9 ! "n ( ,jesus salvation 0 secur$4 ,?is =mula1 ) v>i\s modifications1 is 9 g5]al use 9 ! *ur* today4 ,x betrays ! hea!n orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,ref]r+ to its use ,pr(4 ,me9hold ( ,bonn ,univ]sity says3 ,"n & p]son 7 at "o "t closely comb9$1 & elem5t>y religi\s ideas 7 connect$ ) ! words4 ,he :o knew ! "n ( a div9ity & c\ld pron\nce x 0 9 ?is way able to secure a bless+4 ,x 0 ! use ( ! "n ( ,jesus 9 ! sacram5ts t made !m effective1 9 ! _s ( sorc]y4 ,?is idea came f ! l[e/ type ( religi\s ?\ght1 reflect$ 9 religi\s my/]ies 9 ! days ( ,jesus1 & 0 embodi$ 9 ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ianity4 #edc ,:at is taught respect+ ! use ( oa?s8 ,god3 ,swe> by my "n 7,j]emiah xii1 #af74 ,*ri/3 ,swe> n at all 7,mat!w v1 #cd74 #edd ,:at oppos+ rules ( proselytism did ,*ri/ promulgate8 ,he t is n ) me is aga9/ me 7,luke xi1 #bc74 ,he t is n aga9/ u is = u 7,luke ix1 #ej74 #ede ,:at is to befall him t ha? no?+8 ,:osoev] ha? n1 f him %all be tak5 away ev5 t he ha? 7,mat!w xiii1 #ab74 ,ex nihilo nihil fit4 #edf ,:at did he say w\ld be ! fate ( ^? :o took up ! sword8 ,!y t take ! sword %all p]i% ) ! sword 7,mat!w xxvi1 #eb74 ,he evid5tly consid]$ ?is comm5dable1 = he imm$iately issu$ ! foll[+ comm& to 8 disciples3 ,he t ha? no sword let him sell 8 g>m5ts & buy "o 7,luke xxii1 #cf74 #edg ,:at did he say reg>d+ ! fe> ( dea?8 ,be n afraid ( !m t kill ! body 7,luke xii1 #d74 ,aft] ^! ?+s ,jesus walk$ 9 ,galilee3 = he w\ld n walk 9 ,jewry1 because ! ,jews s\ght to kill him 7,john vii1 #a74 #edh ,:at is to be ! e>?ly rew>d ( ^? t foll[ ,*ri/8 ,!re is no man t ha? left h\se1 or bre?r51 or si/]s1 or fa!r1 or "m1 or wife1 or *ildr51 or l&s1 = my sake1 & ! gospel's1 b he %all receive a hundr$ fold n[ 9 ?is "t 7,m>k x1 #bi1 #cj74 ,:o is he t w h>m y1 if ye be foll[]s ( t :i* is good8 7#a ,pet] iii1 #ac47 ,= my yoke is easy1 & my burd5 is light 7,mat!w xi1 #cj74 ,9 ! _w ye %all h tribulation 7,john xvi1 #cc74 ,ye %all be hat$ ( all m5 = my "n's sake 7,luke xxi1 #ag74 ,yea1 & all t w live godly 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus %all suff] p]secution 7#b ,tim4 iii1 #ab74 ,= :om ! ,"l love? he *a/5e?1 & sc\rge? e son :om he receive? 7,hebrews xii1 #f74 #edi ,:at promise did ,*ri/ make to ,paul at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 m9i/ry8 ,i am ) !e & no man %all set on !e to hurt !e 7,acts xviii1 #aj74 ,( ! ,jews five times receiv$ ,i =ty /ripes save "o4 ,?rice 0 ,i beat5 ) rods1 once 0 ,i /on$ 7#b ,cor9?ians xi1 #bd1 #be74 #eej ,h[ are ,*ri/'s true foll[]s to be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! devil8 ,:osoev] is born ( ,god do? n commit s9 7#a ,john iii1 #i74 ,he t committe? s9 is ( ! devil 7#h74 ,judg$ by ?is /&>d :at is ! comp>ative /r5g? ( ^! sov]eigns' subjects8 ,!re is no man t s9ne? n 7#a ,k+s viii1 #df74 ,!re is n a j man ^u e>? 7,ecclesia/es vii1 #bj74 ,!re is none righte\s1 no1 n "o 7,romans iii1 #aj74 #eea ,great /ress is plac$ ^u ! moral tea*+s ( ,jesus4 ,:at did he tea*8 ,did he advocate indu/ry & frugality8 ,lay n up = y\rselves treasures ^u e>? 7,mat!w vi1 #ai74 ,take no ?\ght = y\r life :at ye %all eat or :at ye %all dr9k2 nor yet = y\r body1 :at ye %all put on 7#be74 ,take !re=e no ?\ght = ! morr[ 7#cd74 #eeb ,:at 7 ! e>ly ,*ri/ians8 ,acts3 ,!y 7 ,communi/s4 ,!y _h all ?+s common4444 ,= z _m z 7 possessors ( l& or h\ses sold !m1 & br\ght ! prices ( ! ?+s t 7 sold1 & laid !m d[n at ! apo/les' feet2 & di/ribution 0 made unto e man accord+ z he _h ne$ 7iv1 #cb-ce74 ,mo/ ,*ri/ians condemn ,communism2 b 0 ! ,communism ( n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s ago bett] ?an ! ,communism ( today8 ,to condemn ,communism is to condemn primitive ,*ri/ianity4 ,yet1 ,*ri/ians pr(ess to abhor ! ,communi/ic ideas ( mod]n tea*]s1 :ile !y wor%ip z a ,god ! f\nd] ( ?is ,communi/ic sect ( ,pale/9e4 #eec ,:at did he tea* respect+ pov]ty & weal?8 ,bless$ be ye poor 7,luke vi1 #bj74 ,woe unto y t are ri* 7#bd74 ,pov]ty is a curse2 weal? hone/ly acquir$ & wisely us$ is a bless+4 ,! ri* man's weal? is 8 /rong city3 ! de/ruction ( ! poor is _! pov]ty 7,prov]bs x1 #ae74 #eed ,9 ! p>able ( ! ,ri* ,man & ,laz>us1 :at befell ! repres5tatives ( vagrancy & respectability8 ,! begg> di$1 & 0 c>ri$ by ! angels into ,abraham's bosom 7,luke xvi1 #bb74 ,! ri* man also di$1 444 & 9 hell he lift$ up 8 eyes 7#bb1 #bc74 ,see ! r$ flames ar\nd him tw9e ,:o did 9 gold & purple %9e6 ,:ile r\nd ! sa9t s poor bel[1 ,full riv]s ( salvation fl[4 ,jesus1 my ,"l1 let me appe> ,! meane/ ( ?y creatures "h4 #eee ,:y 0 ,dives' reque/ t 8 bro!rs be in=m$ ( _! imp5d+ fate refus$8 ,!y h ,moses & ! prophets2 let !m he> !m 7,luke xvi1 #bi74 ,moses & ! prophets d n tea* ! doctr9e ( endless puni%m5t1 nor ev5 t ( a future exi/5ce1 mu* less t ! m]e possession ( weal?1 acquir$ p]haps by hone/ indu/ry1 is a crime :i* c be expiat$ only by ! suff]+s ( an endless hell4 ,*ri/'s ,k+dom 0 a k+dom ( vagrants & paup]s4 ,a ri* man %all h>dly ent] into ! k+dom ( heav5 7,mat!w xix1 #bc74 ,x is easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le1 ?an = a ri* man to ent] ! k+dom ( ,god 7#bd74 #eef ,:ile at ! temple ) 8 disciples :at act did he comm5d8 ,m>k & ,luke3 ,t ( ! poor wid[ :o ?rew two mites into ! treasury 7,m>k xii1 #dc2 ,luke xxi1 #c74 ,?is wid['s (f]+ illu/rates ! *>act]i/ic g5]osity ( ! poor & ! he>tless gre$ ( ! *ur*4 ,?is text has enabl$ a horde ( indol5t prie/s to prey ^u wid[s & orphans2 to fil* ! scanty e>n+s ( ! poor1 & live l p>asites ^u ! weak & sickly calves ( humanity4 #eeg ,did he practice ! virtue ( temp]ance8 ,! ,son ( ,man is come eat+ & dr9k+2 & ye say1 ,behold a glutton\s man & a w9ebibb] 7,luke vii1 #cd74 #eeh ,:at 0 8 fir/ miracle8 ,john3 ,!re 0 a m>riage 9 ,cana ( ,galilee4444 ,& bo? ,jesus 0 call$1 & 8 disciples1 to ! m>riage4 ,& :5 !y want$ w9e1 ! "m ( ,jesus sai? unto him1 ,!y h no w9e4444 ,& !re 7 set !re six wat] pots ( /one1 444 conta9+ two or ?ree firk9s apiece4 ,jesus sai? unto !m1 ,fill ! wat] pots ) wat]4 ,& !y fill$ !m up to ! brim 7ii1 #a-g74 ,?is wat] he turn$ into w9e4 ,"h is ,*ri/ supply+ a p>ty already well drunk ) m ?an "o hundr$ gallons ( w9e4 ,z !y 7 intoxicat$ :5 he p]=m$ ! miracle1 w\ld x n h be5 bett] = !m & bett] = ! millions :o h accept$ him z a moral guide1 if at ! beg9n+ ( ! fea/ he _h turn$ ! w9e into wat]8 ,! morality taught by ,jesus suff]s 9 comp>ison ) t taught by ,mohamm$4 ,mohamm$ prohibit$ ! use ( intoxicat+ dr9k1 & ! ,mohamm$ans are a temp]ate p2 ,jesus sanction$ ! use ( intoxicat+ dr9k1 & ! ,*ri/ian _w ab\nds ) drunk5ness4 ,ref]r+ to ! miracle at ,cana1 ,/rauss says3 ,n only1 h[ev]1 has ! miracle be5 impea*$ 9 relation to possibility1 b also 9 relation to utility & fitness4 ,x has be5 urg$ bo? 9 anci5t & mod]n times1 t x 0 unwor?y ( ,jesus t he %\ld n only rema9 9 ! society ( drunk>ds1 b ev5 fur!r _! intemp]ance by an ex]cise ( 8 miracul\s p[] 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #ehd74 #eei ,did he oppose slav]y8 ,all3 ,he did n4 ,slav]y 0 incorporat$ into ! civil in/itutions ( ,moses2 x 0 recogniz$ accord+ly by ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les4--,rev4 ,dr4 ,na?an ,"l1 ,presid5t ( ,d>tm\? ,college4 ,at ! "t ( ! adv5t ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 slav]y 9 its wor/ =ms prevail$ ov] ! _w4 ,! ,savior f\nd x ar\nd him 9 ,judea2 ! apo/les met ) x 9 ,asia1 ,greece & ,italy4 ,h[ did !y treat x8 ,n by d5unciation ( slave-hold+ z necess>ily s9ful4--,pr(4 ,hodge ( ,pr9ceton4 ,i h no d\bt if ,jesus ,*ri/ 7 n[ on e>? t he w\ld1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 become a slavehold]4--,rev4 ,dr4 ,taylor ( ,yale4 ,r\sseau says3 ,*ri/ prea*es only s]vitude & dep5d5ce4444 ,true ,*ri/ians are made to be slaves4 #efj ,:at did ! apo/les tea*8 ,pet]3 ,s]vants slaves1 be subject to y\r ma/]s ) all fe>2 n only to ! good & g5tle1 b also to ! fr[>d 7#a ,pet] ii1 #ah74 ,paul3 ,let z _m s]vants slaves z are "u ! yoke c\nt _! own ma/]s wor?y ( all honor 7#a ,timo?y vi1 #a74 ,s]vants1 be ob$i5t to !m t are y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%1 ) fe> & trembl+ 7,ephesians vi1 #e74 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wilbur ,fisk1 presid5t ( ,wesleyan ,univ]sity1 says3 ,! ,new ,te/am5t enjo9s ob$i5ce ^u ! slave z an obligation due to a pres5t rightful au?ority4 #efa ,did he favor m>riage8 ,mat!w3 ,he advocat$ celibacy1 & ev5 self-mutilation z pref]able to m>riage 7xix1 #aj-ab74 ,foll[+ ?is tea*+ ( _! ,ma/]1 ,*ri/ians1 _m ( !m1 h condemn$ m>riage4 ,a ,*ri/ian pope1 ,siricius1 br&$ x z a pollution ( ! fle%4 ,/4 ,j]ome taught t ! duty ( ! sa9t 0 to cut d[n by ! axe ( ,virg9ity ! wood ( ,m>riage4 ,pascal says3 ,m>riage is ! l[e/ & mo/ dang]\s condition ( ! ,*ri/ian4 ,g4 ,w4 ,foote ( ,engl& says3 ,jesus appe>s to h despis$ ! union ( ! sexes1 !re=e m>riage1 & !re=e ! home4 ,he taught t 9 heav51 :]e all is p]fect1 !re is nei!r m>ry+ nor giv+ 9 m>riage4 ,monks & nuns innum]able owe to ?is evil tea*+ _! %rivel$ lives & )]$ he>ts4--,mrs4 ,besant4 #efb ,:at did he enc\rage wom5 to d8 ,luke3 ,to leave _! husb&s & homes1 & foll[ & associate ) him & 8 rov+ apo/les--,m>y1 call$ ,magdal5e1 out ( :om w5t sev5 devils1 & ,joanna ! wife ( ,*uza1 ,h]od's /ew>d1 & ,susanna1 & _m o!rs1 :i* m9i/]$ unto him ( _! sub/ance 7viii1 #b1 #c74 #efc ,:at did he say respect+ *ildr58 ,suff] little *ildr5 to come unto me & =bid !m n4 ,b x 0 only ! *ildr5 ( ,jews he welcom$4 ,! afflict$ *ild ( a ,g5tile he spurn$ z a dog4 ,:5 ! woman ( ,canaan desir$ him to heal h] daught]1 he brutally repli$3 ,x is n meet to take ! *ildr5's bread & ca/ x to ! dogs 7,mat!w xv1 #bf74 ,! soldi]s :o spit on ,jesus 9 ,pilate's hall did n d a mean] ?+ ?an ,jesus did t day4 ,& if he aft]w>ds cons5t$ to cure ! *ild x 0 n z an act ( humanity to ! suff]]1 b z a rew>d = ! "m's fai? 9 him4 ,conc]n+ ?is brutal act ( ,jesus1 ,hel5 ,g>d5] says3 ,d y ?9k t 0 k9d8 ,d y ?9k x 0 godlike8 ,:at w\ld y ?9k ( a physician1 if a woman came to him di/ress$ & said1 ',doctor1 come to my daught]2 %e is v ill4 ,%e has lo/ h] reason1 & %e is all ,i h6' ,:at w\ld y ?9k ( ! doctor :o w\ld n reply at all at fir/1 & !n1 :5 %e fell at 8 feet & wor%ip$ him1 answ]$ t he did n sp5d 8 "t doctor+ dogs8 ,w\ld y l him z a family physician8 ,d y ?9k t1 ev5 if he 7 to cure ! *ild !n1 he w\ld h done a noble ?+8 ,is x evid5ce ( a p]fect "* to accompany a s]vice ) an insult8 ,d y ?9k t a man :o c\ld (f] su* an indignity to a sorr[+ "m has a p]fect "*1 is an ideal ,god8 #efd ,he enjo9$ ! obs]vance ( ! comm&m5t1 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m4 ,did he respect x himself8 ,m /rik+ examples ( filial +ratitude are n to be f\nd ?an are exhibit$ 9 ! ,gospel hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,:5 visit+ ,j]usalem ) 8 p>5ts1 he all[s !m to dep>t = home )\t him1 ?9k+ t he is ) ano!r "p ( ! company2 & :5 !y return to se>* = him & f9d him1 he manife/s no conc]n = ! tr\ble he has caus$2 :5 dur+ 8 m9i/ry 8 "m & bro!rs are ann\nc$1 he receives !m ) a sne]2 at ! m>riage fea/1 :5 8 "m k9dly speaks to him1 he brutally exclaims1 ,woman1 :at h ,i to d ) !e8 ,?r\gh\t ! ,f\r ,gospels n "o respectful ^w to t devot$ "m is record$4 ,ev5 9 8 la/ h\rs1 :5 ! m5tal angui% ( t "m mu/ h equal$ 8 own physical suff]+1 n "o ^w ( com=t or f>ewell greet+ escapes f 8 lips2 b ! same /udi$ disrespect t has *>act]iz$ him all 8 life is exhibit$ "h4 #efe ,did he n promote dome/ic /rife8 ,suppose ye t ,i am come to give peace on e>?8 ,i tell y1 ,nay2 b r division3 = f h5ce=? !re %all be five 9 "o h\se divid$1 ?ree aga9/ two1 & two aga9/ ?ree4 ,! fa!r aga9/ ! son1 & ! son aga9/ ! fa!r2 ! "m aga9/ ! daught]1 & ! daught] aga9/ ! "m2 ! "m-9-law aga9/ h] daught]-9-law1 & ! daught]-9-law aga9/ h] "m-9-law 7,luke xii1 #ea-ec74 ,?9k n t ,i am come to s5d peace on e>?3 ,i came n to s5d peace1 b a sword4 ,= ,i am come to set a man at v>iance aga9/ 8 fa!r1 & ! daught] aga9/ h] "m1 & ! daught]-9-law aga9/ h] "m-9-law 7,mat!w x1 #cd1 #ce74 #eff ,:at did he require ( 8 disciples8 ,if any man come to me1 & hate n 8 fa!r1 & "m1 & wife1 & *ildr51 & bre?r5 & si/]s1 yea1 & 8 own life also1 he _c be my disciple 7,luke xiv1 #bf74 ,x is sc>cely possible 9 ?is age ( enlight5m5t & unbelief to realize :at sorr[s & mis]ies ^! accurs$ tea*+s ( ,*ri/ once caus$4 ,! em95t hi/orian ,lecky1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals1 has attempt$ to describe "s ( _! awful consequ5ces4 ,f 8 pages ,i quote ! foll[+3 ,to break by 8 +ratitude ! he>t ( ! "m :o _h borne him1 to p]suade ! wife :o ador$ him t x 0 h] duty to sep>ate f him =ev]1 to ab&on 8 *ildr51 unc>$ = & begg>s1 to ! m]cies ( ! _w1 0 reg>d$ by ! true h]mit z ! mo/ acceptable (f]+ he c\ld make to 8 ,god4 ,8 bus9ess 0 to save 8 own s\l4 ,! s]5ity ( 8 devotion w\ld be impair$ by ! dis*>ge ( ! simple/ duties to 8 family4 ,evagrius1 :5 a h]mit 9 ! des]t1 receiv$1 aft] a long int]val1 lett]s f 8 fa!r & "m4 ,he c\ld n be> t ! equable t5or ( 8 ?\ght %\ld be di/urb$ by ! recollection ( ^? :o lov$ him1 s he ca/ ! lett]s unread into ! fire4 ,a man nam$ ,mutius1 accompani$ by 8 only *ild1 a little boy ( eight ye>s old1 ab&on$ 8 possessions & dem&$ admission into a mona/]y4 ,! monks receiv$ him1 b !y proce$$ to discipl9e 8 he>t4 ',he _h already =gott5 t he 0 ri*2 he mu/ next be taught to =get t he 0 a fa!r4' ,8 little *ild 0 sep>at$ f him1 clo!d 9 rags1 subject$ to e =m ( gross & wanton h>d%ip1 beat51 spurn$ & ill-treat$4 ,day aft] day ! fa!r 0 compell$ to look ^u 8 boy wa/+ away ) sorr[1 8 once happy c\nt5ance =ev] /a9$ ) te>s1 di/ort$ by sobs ( angui%4 ,b yet1 says ! admir+ biograph]1 '?\gh he saw ?is day by day1 su* 0 8 love = ,*ri/1 & = ! virtue ( ob$i5ce1 t ! fa!r's he>t 0 rigid & unmov$' 7,vol4 ii1 #abe1 #abf74 ,he ,/4 ,simeon ,/ylites _h be5 passionately lov$ by 8 p>5ts1 &1 if we may believe 8 eulogi/ & biograph]1 he began 8 sa9tly c>e] by break+ ! he>t ( 8 fa!r1 :o di$ ( grief at 8 flight4 ,8 "m1 h[ev]1 l+]$ on4 ,tw5ty-sev5 ye>s aft] 8 disappe>ance1 at a p]iod :5 8 au/]ities _h made him fam\s1 %e he>d = ! fir/ "t :]e he 0 & ha/5$ to visit him4 ,b all h] labor 0 9 va94 ,no woman 0 admitt$ )9 ! prec9cts ( 8 dwell+1 & he refus$ to p]mit h] ev5 to look ^u 8 face4 ,h] entreaties & te>s 7 m+l$ ) words ( bitt] & eloqu5t reproa*4 ',my son1' %e is repres5t$ z hav+ said1 ':y h y done ?is8 ,i bore y 9 my womb1 & y h wrung my s\l ) grief4 ,i gave y milk f my brea/1 y h fill$ my eyes ) te>s4 ,= ! kisses ,i gave y1 y h giv5 me ! angui% ( a brok5 he>t2 = all t ,i h done & suff]$ = y1 y h repaid me by ! mo/ cruel wrongs4' ,at la/ ! sa9t s5t a message to h] to tell h] t %e w\ld soon see him4 ,?ree days & ?ree nights %e _h wept & entreat$ 9 va91 & n[1 exhau/$ ) grief & age & privation1 %e sank feebly to ! gr\nd & brea!d h] la/ sigh be=e t inhospitable door4 ,!n = ! fir/ "t ! sa9t1 accompani$ by 8 foll[]s1 came out4 ,he %$ "s pi\s te>s ov] ! corpse ( 8 murd]$ "m1 & (f]$ up a pray] consign+ h] s\l to heav5 7,ibid1 #acj74 #efg ,did he n indulge 9 vitup]ation & abuse8 ,ye fools & bl9d 7,mat!w xxiii1 #ag74 ,woe unto y1 scribes & ,ph>isees1 hypocrites 7#ad74 ,all t ev] came be=e me are ?ieves & robb]s 7,john x1 #h74 ,ye s]p5ts1 ye g5]ation ( vip]s1 h[ c ye escape ! damnation ( hell8 7,mat!w xxiii1 #cc47 ,reg>d+ ^! abusive epi!ts ( ,*ri/1 ,pr(4 ,newman says3 ,! ,jewi% nation may well compla9 t !y h be5 cruelly sl&]$ by ! gospels4 ,! invectives h be5 burnt into ! he>t ( ,*ri/5dom1 s t ! innoc5t ,jews1 *ildr5 ( ! disp]sion1 h felt 9 mill5nial mis]y--yes1 & to ?is day feel--! deadly /+ ( ^! fi]ce & haughty utt]ances 7,jesus ,*ri/1 p4 #be74 #efh ,relate 8 treatm5t ( ! ,ph>isee :o invit$ him to d9e ) him4 ,luke3 ,& z he spake1 a c]ta9 ,ph>isee bes\ght him to d9e ) him2 & he w5t 91 & sat d[n to meat4 ,& :5 ! ,ph>isee saw x1 he m>vel$ t he _h n fir/ wa%$ be=e d9n]4 ,& ! ,"l said unto him1 n[ d ye ,ph>isees make clean ! outside ( ! cup & ! platt]2 b y\r inw>d "p is full ( rav5+ & wick$ness4 ,ye fools 444 hypocrites6 7xi1 #cg-dd47 ,0 su* insol5ce ( mann]s on ! "p ( ,jesus calculat$ to promote ! int]e/ ( ! cause he pr(ess$ to hold s de> at he>t8 ,suppos+ a ,free?9k] 7 to receive an invitation to d9e ) a ,*ri/ian fri5d & 7 to repay ! hospitality ( 8 ho/ ) rud5ess & abuse1 int]rupt+ ! c]emony ( grace ) an oa? or a sne]1 & %[]+ ^u ! head ( 8 fri5d su* epi!ts z hypocrite & fool4 ,w\ld su* insol5t behavior h a t5d5cy to ga9 = him ! _w's e/eem or aid ! cause he repres5ts8 ,& are we to approve 9 a ,god conduct t we reg>d z dete/able 9 a man8 ,x may be urg$ t ,god is n subject to ! rules ( human conduct4 ,grant x2 b is x necess>y = him 9 ord] to exhibit 8 div9e "* to assume ! mann]s ( a brute8 #efi ,d ! ,ph>isees des]ve ! sweep+ condemnation heap$ ^u !m by ,*ri/ & 8 foll[]s8 ,9 m>k$ contra/ to ! diatribes ( ,jesus is ! te/imony ( ,josephus3 ,n[1 = ! ,ph>isees1 !y live meanly pla9ly1 & despise delicacies 9 diet1 & !y foll[ ! conduct ( reason2 & :at t prescribes to !m z good = !m1 !y d2 & !y ?9k !y ought e>ne/ly to /rive to obs]ve reason's dictates = practice4444 ,! cities give great atte/ations to !m on acc\nt ( _! entire virtu\s conduct1 bo? 9 ! actions ( _! lives1 & _! disc\rses also 7,antiquities1 ,book xviii1 *ap4 i1 sec4 #c74 ,paul1 ! ,*ri/ian1 :5 arraign$ be=e ,agrippa1 believ$ t no l(ti] te/imonial to 8 "* c\ld be adduc$ ?an ! fact t he _h be5 a ,ph>isee 7,acts xxvi1 #d1 #e74 #egj ,:at is said 9 reg>d to 8 purg+ ! temple8 ,john3 ,& ! ,jews' ,passov] 0 at h&1 & ,jesus w5t up to ,j]usalem1 & f\nd 9 ! temple ^? t sold ox5 & %eep & doves1 & ! *ang]s ( money sitt+3 & :5 he _h made a sc\rge ( small cords1 he drove !m all out ( ! temple1 & ! %eep1 & ! ox52 & p\r$ out ! *ang]s' money1 & ov]?rew ! tables 7ii1 #ac-ae74 ,no curr5cy b ! ,jewi% 0 accept$ 9 ! temple1 :ile doves1 lambs1 & o!r animals 7 requir$ = (f]+s4 ,^! p]sons p]=m$ ! v necess>y (fice ( supply+ ! ,jews ) (f]+s & ex*ang+ ,jewi% co9s = ! ,roman money !n 9 g5]al circulation4 ,:at "r he _h to int]f]e ) ! lawful bus9ess ( ^! m51 & especially 9 ! mann] 9 :i* he did1 x is difficult to und]/&4 #ega ,describe ! curs+ ( ! fig tree4 ,mat!w3 ,n[ 9 ! morn+ z he return$ into ! city1 he hung]$4 ,& :5 he saw a fig tree 9 ! way1 he came to x1 & f\nd no?+ !reon1 b leaves only1 & said unto x1 ,let no fruit gr[ on !e h5ce=w>d = ev]4 ,& pres5tly ! fig tree )]$ away 7xxi1 #ah1 #ai74 ,jesus curs$ a liv+ tree & x di$2 ,mohamm$ bless$ a dead tree & x liv$4 ,! alleg$ conduct ( ,jesus on _m occasions1 notably 8 h>% treatm5t ( 8 "m1 8 abuse ( ! ,ph>isees1 8 purg+ ! temple & 8 curs+ ! fig tree1 is n ! conduct ( a rational be+1 b r t ( a madman4 ,if ^! /ories be hi/orical !y w\ld indicate t he 0 n :olly responsible = 8 words & acts4 ,dr4 ,jules ,s\ry1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,france1 believes t he 0 ! victim ( an incurable m5tal disord]4 ,9 a "w on morbid psy*ology1 entitl$ ,/udies on ,jesus & ,! ,gospels1 ,dr4 ,s\ry cites a long array ( seem+ly indisputable facts 9 support ( 8 !ory4 ,f 8 preface to ! "w1 ,i quote ! foll[+3 ,jesus ! ,god1 gone d[n 9 8 glory1 l a /> sunk b5ea? ! horizon b /ill %$d+ a few fa9t rays on ! _w1 ?rew a halo r\nd ! br[ ( ,jesus ! ,prophet4 ,9 ! dull gl[ ( t twilight1 9 ! melan*oly b *>m+ h\r :5 ev]y?+ seem$ wrapp$ 9 vague1 e!real t9ts1 ,jesus appe>$ to ,/rauss & ,r5an su* z he _h %[n himself to 8 fir/ disciples1 ! ,ma/] p>-excell5ce1 a man truly div9e4 ,!n came ! night2 & z d>kness desc5d$ on ^? flick]+ gospel beg9n+s !re rema9$ n\ght to be descri$ ?r\gh ! obscurity ( dubi\s hi/ory1 b dimly loom+1 ! port5t\s outl9e ( ! gibbet & its victim4 ,9 ! pres5t "w ,jesus makes 8 appe>ance1 p]haps = ! fir/ "t1 z a suff]] f a grave malady1 ! c\rse ( :i* we h attempt$ to trace4 ,! n]v\s1 or c]ebral disord]1 at fir/ conge/ive & !n inflammatory1 "u :i* he labor$1 0 n only deep-seat$ & dang]\s--x 0 incurable4 ,among u at ! pres5t "t t affection may be se5 daily mak+ k+s1 millionaires1 popes1 prophets1 sa9ts1 & ev5 div9ities ( poor fell[s :o h lo/ _! balance2 x has produc$ m ?an "o ,messiah4 ,if we be "r 9 ! int]pretation ( data :i* has be5 foll[$ 9 ! /udy ( morbid psy*ology1 ,jesus1 at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 0 9 a some:at advanc$ /age ( ?is disord]1 ,he 01 to all appe>ance1 cut (f opportunely2 ! gibbet sav$ him f actual madness4 ,! diagnosis :i* we h v5tur$ to draw is bas$ on ?ree sets ( facts :i* are atte/$ by ! mo/ anci5t & tru/wor?y ( ! witnesses ( 8 c>e]4 #a4 ,religi\s excitem5t1 !n g5]al 9 ,pale/9e1 drove ,jesus to ! wild]ness1 :]e he liv$ "s "t ! life ( a recluse1 z ^? :o consid]$ !mselves to h ! prophetic mission (t5 did4 ,c>ri$ away ) ! idea t he 0 div9ely inspir$ to proclaim ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 he left 8 own p & 8 native place1 &1 att5d$ by a foll[+ ( fi%]m5 & o!rs ( ! same class1 w5t ab\t among ! t[ns & villages ( ,galilee ann\nc+ ! spe$y approa* ( ! ,k+dom ( ,heav54 #b4 ,aft] hav+ proclaim$ ! com+ ( ! ,messiah1 l o!r contempor>y ,jewi% prophets1 ,jesus gradually came to look ^u himself z ! ,messiah1 ! ,*ri/4 ,he all[$ himself to be call$ ! ,son ( ,david1 ! ,son ( ,god1 & _h among 8 foll[]s "o1 if n m1 ( ^? fanatical ,sic>ii1 s graphically describ$ by ,josephus1 :o 7 wait+ = ! deliv]ance ( ,israel f ! yoke ( ,rome4 ,progressive oblit]ation ( ! consci\sness ( 8 p]sonal id5tity m>ks ! int]val betwe5 ! some:at vague revelation :i* he made to 8 disciples at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,h]mon & ! day :51 be=e ,caiaphas & be=e ,pilate1 he op5ly decl>$ t he 0 ! ,messiah1 & by t tok5 ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews4 #c4 ,! curs+ ( ! fig tree :]eon !re 7 no figs1 because '! "t ( figs 0 n yet1' ! viol5t conduct t[>d ! deal]s & *ang]s at ! temple1 7 manife/ly fooli% acts4 ,jesus _h come to believe t ev]y?+ 0 p]mitt$ him1 t all ?+s belong$ to him1 t no?+ 0 too h>d = him to d4 ,= a long "t he _h giv5 evid5t signs ( p]v]sion ( ! natural affections1 especially ) respect to 8 "m & bre?r54 ,to ! fits ( ang] aga9/ ! prie/s & religi\s m9i/]s ( 8 nation1 to ! ambiti\s extravagance ( 8 words & acts1 to ! wild dream ( 8 ,messianic gr&eur1 !re rapidly sup]v5$ a *>act]i/ic depression ( ! m5tal faculties & /r5g?1 a giv+ way ( ! intellectual & muscul> p[]s4 ,ea* ( ^? p]iods 9 ! c>e] ( ,jesus corresponds to a c]ta9 pa?ological /ate ( 8 n]v\s sy/em4 ,by react+ on ! he>t1 ! religi\s excitem5t he labor$ "u & ! att5dant functional exac]bations _h ! imm$iate effect ( accel]at+ ! circulation1 unduly dilat+ ! blood vessels1 & produc+ c]ebral conge/ion4 ,*ronic conge/ion ( ! bra91 subjectively consid]$1 is always att5d$ 9 ! initial /age ) great increase ( ! moral consci\sness1 extraord9>y activity ( ! imag9ation1 (t5 lead+ to halluc9ations1 & lat] on ) absurdly exagg]at$1 frequ5tly deliri\s ideas ( p[] & greatness4 ,t /age is also usually *>act]iz$ by irritability & fits ( passion4 ,objectively consid]$ :at is obs]vable is hyp]trophy ( ! cellules & n]ve-tubes1 excessive c]ebral ple?ora & vascul>ity due to ! great efflux ( blood & sup]abundant nutrition ( ! encephalon4 ,inflammation ( ! m5+eal cov]+1 & ( ! bra9 itself1 is1 soon] or lat]1 a fur!r result ( ! *ronic conge/ion4 ,! vessels1 turgid & load$ ) blood1 p]mit ! transudation ( ! blood globules2 ! circulation becomes imp$$1 !n arre/$1 ) ! result ( depriv+ ! cortical c]ebral sub/ance ( art]ial blood1 :i* is its life2 ! hi/ological elem5ts und]go alt]ation1 deg5]ate1 become s(t5$1 & z ! disorganization proce$s are f9ally r$uc$ to in]t detritus4 ,! bra9 may rema9 capable m or less well ( p]=m+ its functions :5 depriv$ to a l>ge ext5t ( its necess>y food1 b n s :5 ! c]ebral cellules are disorganiz$4 ,dem5tia consequ5tly is ! natural sequel ( ! conge/ive /age4 ,to ! de/ruction ( ! cortical sub/ance sup]v5es p>tial or total loss ( consci\sness1 accord+ to ! ext5t ( ! lesion4 ,su* portions ( ! encephalon z cont9ue capable ( p]=m+ any duty be+ 9 a /ate ( hyp]aemia1 !re is (t5 delirium m or less int5se up to ! la/4 ,! process ( ! disord] is irregul>2 remissions occur dur+ :i* ! reason+ faculties seem to be recov]$4 ,b :e!r ! duration ext5ds only to a few mon?s or to sev]al ye>s1 ! increas+ weakness ( ! pati5t1 ! intellectual & muscul> decay1 ! ca*etic /ate into :i* he falls1 ! lesions ( o!r organs p]=m+ ess5tial functions :i* ensue1 br+ life to a close1 & frequ5tly )\t suff]+4 ,?is is h[ ,jesus w\ld h end$ _h he be5 sp>$ ! viol5t dea? ( ! cross4 ,ne>ly all ! religi\s f\nd]s h be5 affect$1 to a great] or less ext5t1 ) insanity4 ,g5ius itself is closely alli$ to insanity--is inde$1 9 _m cases1 a =m ( insanity4 ,moreau de ,t\rs 9 8 ,la ,psy*ologie ,morbide 7p4 #bcd7 says3 ,! m5tal disposition :i* causes a man to be di/+ui%$ f 8 fell[s by ! orig9ality ( 8 m9d & conceptions1 by 8 ecc5tricity1 & ! en]gy ( 8 affective faculties1 or by ! transc5d5ce ( 8 intellig5ce1 take _! rise 9 ! v same organic conditions :i* are ! s\rce ( ! v>i\s m5tal p]turbations :]e( insanity & idiocy are ! mo/ complete expressions4 ,buddha1 ,mohamm$1 & probably ,jesus1 unit$ ) c]ta9 /rong m5tal & moral *>act]i/ics1 a =m ( insanity :i* manife/$ itself 9 a sort ( religi\s madness--a madness t 0 contagi\s & :i* has attack$ & afflict$ ! great] portion ( ! human race4 #egb ,did he n tea* ! doctr9e ( demoniacal possession & exorcism8 ,synoptics3 ,he did4 ,aft] allud+ to ! preval5cy ( sup]/ition among ! ,jews ( ?is p]iod1 ,r5an says3 ,jesus on ?is po9t diff]$ 9 no respect f 8 companions4 ,he believ$ 9 ! devil1 :om he reg>d$ z a k9d ( evil g5ius1 & he imag9$1 l all ! _w1 t n]v\s maladies 7 produc$ by demons :o possess$ ! pati5t & agitat$ him 7,life ( ,jesus1 p4 #ei74 ,dr4 ,geikie says3 ,! ,new ,te/am5t leaves u 9 no d\bt ( ! belief1 on ! "p ( ,jesus & ! ,evangeli/s1 9 ! reality ( ^! demoniacal possessions 7,life ( ,*ri/1 vol4 ii1 p4 #egc74 ,demonology 0 born ( ignorance & sup]/ition4 ,9 ?is debas+ sup]/ition ,jesus believ$4 ,x 0 a "p ( 8 religion1 & has rema9$ a "p ( ,*ri/ianity2 = :ile ! m intellig5t ( 8 pr(ess$ disciples h outgr[n ?is sup]/ition !y h to ! same ext5t outgr[n ,*ri/ianity4 ,! m ignorant1 ! m deprav$1 &1 at ! same "t1 ! m dev\t ( 8 foll[]s1 /ill accept x4 ,reg>d+ ?is sup]/ition1 ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,! diseases ref]r$ to by ! gospels1 & by ! ,jews ( t "t1 to ! action ( devils1 exi/ n[1 b !y are kn[n to proce$ f purely physical causes4 ,! same sup]/ition & m$ical ignorance w\ld enunciate ! same diagnosis at ! pres5t day4 ,! sup]/ition & ignorance1 h[ev]1 h pass$ away1 &1 ) !m1 ! demoniacal !ory4 ,9 t day ! !ory 0 z baseless z 9 ?is4 ,x is obvi\s t1 ) ! necess>y ab&onm5t ( ! !ory ( 'possession' & demoniacal orig9 ( disease1 ! l>ge/ class ( miracles record$ 9 ! gospels is at once explod$4 ,! ass]t$ cause ( ! diseases ( ?is class1 said to h be5 miracul\sly heal$1 mu/ be recogniz$ to be a m]e vulg> sup]/ition 7p4 #aei74 ,pr(4 ,huxley1 9 "o ( 8 essays1 discuss+ ! ,gad>5e miracle1 says3 ,:5 su* a /ory z t ab\t ! ,gad>5e sw9e is plac$ be=e u1 ! importance ( ! decision1 :e!r x be accept$ or reject$1 _c be ov]e/imat$4 ,if ! demonological "p ( x is to be accept$1 ! au?ority ( ,jesus is unmi/akably pl$g$ to ! demonological sy/em curr5t 9 ,judea 9 ! fir/ c5tury4 ,! belief 9 devils :o possess m5 & c be transf]r$ f m5 to pigs becomes z mu* a "p ( ,*ri/ian dogma z any article ( ! cre$s4 #egc ,:at became ( ! sw9e into :i* ,jesus ord]$ ! devils to g8 ,mat!w3 ,& behold1 ! :ole h]d ( sw9e ran viol5tly d[n a /eep place into ! sea1 & p]i%$ 9 ! wat]s 7viii1 #cb74 ,x may be p]t95t to inquire :at ^! in(f5sive animals _h done t !y %\ld m]it su* cruelty1 or :at _! own] _h done t 8 prop]ty %\ld be ?us wantonly de/roy$4 ,9 8 n>rative ( ?is miracle ,fleetwood says3 ,! spectators beheld1 at a di/ance1 ! torm5ts ^! poor creatures suff]$2 ) :at amaz+ rapidity !y ran to ! conf9es ( ! lake1 leap$ f ! precipices into ! sea1 & p]i%$ 9 ! wat]s 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #aba74 ,9 /rik+ contra/ to ! religion ( ,buddha1 ! religion ( ,*ri/ has made its adh]5ts cruel & unm]ciful4 ,to ?is ,*ri/ian writ] ! torture & de/ruction ( ^! dome/ic animals is no m ?an ! burn+ ( a field ( /ubble4 ,9 ?is miracle he sees only a manife/ation ( love & k9dness on ! "p ( 8 ,savior4 ,ref]r+ to ! reque/ ( ! inhabitants t he dep>t f _! c\ntry1 he says3 ,! /upid reque/ ( ! ,gad>5es 0 compli$ ) by ! bless$ ,jesus1 :o1 ent]+ ! %ip1 return$ to ! c\ntry f :5ce he came1 leav+ !m a valuable pl$ge ( 8 love1 & u a noble patt]n ( p]sev]ance 9 well-do+1 ev5 :5 our k9dnesses are condemn$ or requit$ ) injuries 7,ibid1 p4 #abb74 #egd ,:at did ,jesus say to ! /range ,sam>itan woman :om he met at ! well8 ,?\ ha/ _h five husb&s2 & he :om ?\ n[ ha/ is n ?y husb& 7,john iv1 #ah74 ,*ri/ "h makes himself a w&]+ gypsy1 or ,bohemian =tune tell]1 & ,i mu* wond] t our gypsies d n acc\nt !mselves ! g5u9e disciples ( ,jesus1 be+ end[$ ) l gifts1 & ex]cis+ no worse arts ?an he himself practic$4--,wool/on4 #ege ,0 he n an egoti/ & giv5 to vulg> boa/+8 ,speak+ ( himself1 he said3 ,behold1 a great] ?an ,solomon is "h 7,mat!w xii1 #da1 #db74 #egf ,did he n practice dissimulation8 ,john3 ,& ,jesus lift$ up 8 eyes1 & said1 ,fa!r1 ,i ?ank !e t ?\ ha/ he>d me4 ,& ,i "k t ?\ he>e/ me always1 b because ( ! p :i* /& by ,i said x 7xi1 #da1 #db74 ,luke3 ,aft] 8 resurrection :5 he int5d$ to /op at ,emmaus ) 8 companions1 ,he made z ?\gh he w\ld h gone fur!r 7xxiv1 #bh74 #egg ,aft] p]=m+ "o ( 8 miracul\s cures1 :at *>ge did he make to ^? :o witness$ x8 ,m>k3 ,he *>g$ !m t !y %\ld tell no man3 b ! m he *>g$ !m1 s mu* ! m a great deal !y publi%$ x 7vii1 #cf74 ,did he desire !m to disreg>d 8 comm&s8 ,if he did he 0 a hypocrite2 if he did n he 0 an impot5t--9 ei!r case a fallible man in/ead ( an omnipot5t ,god4 #egh ,on ! approa* ( ! ,passov] :at did he say to 8 bre?r58 ,g ye up unto ?is fea/2 ,i g n up yet unto ?is fea/ 7,john vii1 #h74 ,! correct read+ ( ! la/ clause is1 ,i g n up unto ! fea/4 ,! ,am]ican revis]s1 to _! cr$it1 urg$ ! adoption ( ?is read+2 b ! ,ox=d revis]s reta9$ ! error4 ,9 utt]+ ^! words1 ,jesus1 if omnisci5t1 utt]$ an untru?2 = ,john says3 ,b :5 8 bre?r5 7 gone up1 !n w5t he also up unto ! fea/1 n op5ly1 b z x 7 9 secret 7#aj74 #egi ,:y did he tea* 9 p>ables8 ,t see+ !y may see1 & n p]ceive2 & he>+ !y may he>1 & n und]/&2 le/ at any "t !y %\ld be conv]t$1 & _! s9s %\ld be =giv5 !m 7,m>k iv1 #ab74 ,he deceiv$ ! p t he might h ! pleasure ( see+ !m damn$4 #ehj ,:at immoral lesson is inculcat$ 9 ! p>able ( ! ,/ew>d8 ,he comm5ds z wise & prud5t ! action ( ! /ew>d1 :o1 to provide = 8 future welf>e1 causes 8 ma/]'s cr$itors to defraud him4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 ri* man1 :i* _h a /ew>d2 & ! same 0 accus$ unto him t he _h wa/$ 8 goods4 ,& he call$ him1 & said unto him1 ,h[ is x t ,i he> ?is ( !e8 give an acc\nt ( ?y /ew>d%ip2 = ?\ maye/ be no long] /ew>d4 ,!n ! /ew>d said )9 himself1 ,:at %all ,i d8 = my "l take? away f me ! /ew>d%ip3 ,i _c dig2 to beg ,i am a%am$4 ,i am resolv$ :at to d1 t1 :5 ,i am put out ( ! /ew>d%ip1 !y may receive me into _! h\ses4 ,s he call$ e "o ( 8 "l's debtors unto him1 & said unto ! fir/1 ,h[ mu* owe/ ?\ unto my "l8 ,& he said1 ,an hundr$ measures ( oil4 ,& he said unto him1 ,take ?y bill1 & sit d[n quickly1 & write fifty4 ,!n said he unto ano!r1 ,& h[ mu* owe/ ?\8 ,& he said1 ,an hundr$ measures ( :eat4 ,& he said unto him1 ,take ?y bill & write f\rscore4 ,& ! "l comm5d$ ! unju/ /ew>d1 because he _h done wisely2 = ! *ildr5 ( ?is _w are 9 _! g5]ation wis] ?an ! *ildr5 ( light4 ,& ,i say unto y1 ,make to y\rselves fri5ds ( ! mammon ( unrighte\sness2 t1 :5 ye fail1 !y may receive y into ev]la/+ habitations 7,luke xvi1 #a-i74 #eha ,9 ! p>able ( ! ,labor]s :at unju/ doctr9e is taught8 ,! assignm5t ( equal rew>ds = unequal burd5s4 ,he ju/ifies ! di%one/ b>ga9+ ( ! h\sehold] :o receiv$ twelve h\rs ( labor = a p5ny1 :5 he paid ! same am\nt = "o 7,mat!w xx1 #a-af74 ,reg>d+ ! p>ables ( ,jesus1 ,w4 ,p4 ,ball1 an ,engli% writ]1 says3 ,) "o s+le exception1 ! p>ables attribut$ to ,jesus are ?or\ghly religi\s & decid$ly inf]ior 9 _! moral tone1 besides possess+ m9or faults4 ,! ,god :o is to be ! object ( our adoration & imitation is depict$ to u z a judge :o w grant v5geance 9 answ] to incessant pray]1 z a fa!r :o loves & honors ! favorite prodigal & neglects ! fai?ful & ob$i5t work]1 z an employ] :o pays no m = a life-"t ?an = ! nom9al s]vice ( a dea?-b$ rep5tance1 z an unreasonable ma/] :o reaps :]e he has n s[n & puni%es m5 because he made !m defective & gave !m no in/ructions1 z a h>% despot :o deliv]s disob$i5t s]vants to torm5tors & massacres ^? :o object to 8 rule1 z a judge :o is m]ciful to h>lots & rel5tless t[>ds unbeliev]s1 z a petulant k+ :o drives begg>s & outca/s into ! heav5 :i* is ignor$ by ! wise & wor?y1 z a rul] ( ! univ]se :o freely p]mits 8 enemy ! devil to s[ evil & !n puni%es 8 victims1 z a ,god :o plunges m5 9 ! flames ( hell & calmly philosophizes ov] ! rew>d ( ! ble/ :o f ,abraham's bosom behold ! sight & are n p]mitt$ to be/[ ev5 s mu* z a drop ( cold wat] to cool ! p>*$ tongues ( _! fell[-creatures amid/ hopeless & un5d+ agonies1 9 comp>ison ) :i* all e>?ly suff]+s are b mom5t>y dreams4 #ehb ,:at did he tea* reg>d+ submission to !ft & robb]y8 ,( him t take? away ?y goods ask !m n aga9 7,luke vi1 #cj74 #ehc ,:y 0 ! woman tak5 9 adult]y releas$ )\t puni%m5t8 ,john3 ,because ^? hav+ h] 9 cu/ody 7 n )\t s9 !mselves 7viii1 #c-aa74 ,! adoption ( ?is pr9ciple w\ld require ! lib]ation ( e crim9al1 because all m5 are fallible4 ,if man _c puni% crime because n free f s9 himself1 is x j 9 ,god1 ! au?or ( all s91 to puni% man = 8 s9s8 #ehd ,:om did he pron\nce bless$8 ,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s 7,mat!w v1 #c74 ,is pov]ty ( _s a bless+8 ,surely n4 ,manl9ess ( _s1 hone/y ( _s1 fulness ( rightful purpose1 ^! are virtues2 b pov]ty ( _s is a crime4--,bradlaugh4 #ehe ,did he tea* resi/ance to wrong8 ,unto him t smite? !e on ! "o *eek (f] also ! o!r 7,luke vi1 #bi74 ,he :o c\rts oppression %>es ! crime4 ,"l ,amb]ley1 ref]r+ to ?is tea*+ ( ,jesus1 says3 ,a doctr9e m conv5i5t = ! purposes ( tyrants & malefactors ( e description x w\ld be difficult to inv5t 7,analysis ( ,religi\s ,belief1 p4 #cee74 #ehf ,he taught 8 he>]s to return good = evil4 ,did he d ?is himself8 ,i pray = !m 8 foll[]s1 ,i pray n = ! _w 7,john xvii1 #i74 ,:osoev] %all d5y me be=e m51 him w ,i also d5y be=e my ,fa!r 7,mat!w x1 #cc74 #ehg ,! ,gold5 ,rule has be5 ascrib$ to ,*ri/4 ,0 he its au?or8 ,five hundr$ ye>s be=e ! "t ( ,*ri/ ,confucius taught3 ,:at y d n l :5 done to y\rself d n to o!rs4 ,c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era ,pittacus1 ,?ales1 ,sextus1 ,isocrates & ,ari/otle taught ! same4 #ehh ,:at maxim does ,paul attribute to ,jesus8 ,rememb] ! words ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 h[ he said1 ,x is m bless$ to give ?an to receive 7,acts xx1 #ce74 ,^! are n ! words ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 b ( ! ,pagan ,epicurus1 a man ^: "* ,*ri/ians h = c5turies defam$4 ,conc]n+ ! tea*+s ( ,jesus1 ,col4 ,?omas ,w4 ,higg9son says3 ,:5 !y tell me t ,jesus taught a gospel ( love1 ,i say ,i believe x4 ,plato taught a gospel ( love be=e him1 & y d5y x4 ,if !y say1 ,jesus taught t x is bett] to be> an injury ?an to retaliate1 ,i say1 yes1 b s did ,ari/otle be=e ,jesus 0 born4 ,i w accept x z ! /atem5t ( ,jesus if y w admit t ,ari/otle said x too4 ,i am will+ t any man %\ld come be=e u & say1 ,jesus taught t y mu/ love y\r enemies1 x is writt5 9 ! ,bible2 b1 if he w op5 ! old manuscript ( ,diog5es ,la]tus1 he may !re read 9 texts t h nev] be5 disput$1 t ! ,greek philosoph]s1 half a doz5 ( !m1 said ! same be=e ,jesus 0 born4 ,buckle says3 ,t ! sy/em ( morals prop\nd$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9$ no maxim :i* _h n be5 previ\sly enunciat$1 & t "s ( ! mo/ beautiful passages 9 ! apo/olic writ+s are quotations f ,pagan au?ors1 is well kn[n to e s*ol>4444 ,to ass]t t ,*ri/ianity communicat$ to man moral tru?s previ\sly unkn[n1 argues on ! "p ( ! ass]t] ei!r gross ignorance or wilful fraud 7,hi/ory ( ,civilization1 vol4 i1 p4 #abi74 ,john ,/u>t ,mill says3 ,x c d tru? no s]vice to bl9d ! fact1 kn[n to all :o h ! mo/ ord9>y acqua9tance ) lit]>y hi/ory1 t a l>ge portion ( ! noble/ & mo/ valuable moral tea*+ has be5 ! "w n only ( m5 :o did n "k1 b ( m5 :o knew & reject$ ! ,*ri/ian fai? 7,lib]ty74 #ehi ,we are told t ,*ri/ manife/$ a /rong & endur+ c\rage :i* nev] %rank or quail$ be=e any dang] h[ev] =midable4 ,is ?is true8 ,x is n4 ,:5 he he>d t ,john 0 imprison$1 he retreat$ to ! ,sea ( ,galilee 7,mat!w iv1 #ab1 #ac72 :5 ,john 0 behead$1 he took a %ip & retir$ to a des]t 7xiv1 #ac72 9 go+ f ,galilee to ,judea1 he w5t beyond ! ,jordan to avoid ! ,sam>itans2 :5 8 bre?r5 w5t up to ,j]usalem he refus$ to accompany !m = fe> ( ! ,jews 7,john vii1 #h1 #i72 :5 ! ,jews took up /ones to /one him he hid himself 7viii1 #ei72 :5 ! ,ph>isees took c\ncil aga9/ him he fl$ 7,mat!w xii1 #ad1 #af73 at ,ge?semane1 9 ! agonies ( fe>1 he pray$ t ! cup might pass f him2 at ,calv>y1 he frantically exclaim$1 ,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me6 ,comm5t+ on ?is dy+ exclamation ( ,*ri/1 ,dr4 ,conway says3 ,t cry c\ld nev] be wrung f ! lips ( a man :o saw 9 8 own dea? a pre>rang$ plan = ! _w's salvation1 & 8 own return to div9e glory tempor>ily r5\nc$ = transi5t mis]y on e>?4 ,! fictiti\s !ology ( a ?\s& ye>s %rivels b5ea? ! awful angui% ( t cry4 #eij ,:at 0 ! "* ( ,*ri/'s male ance/ors8 ,assum+ ,mat!w's g5ealogy to be correct1 ne>ly all ( ^? ^: hi/ories are record$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 guilty ( infam\s crimes or gross immoralities4 ,abraham m>ri$ 8 si/] & s$uc$ h] h&maid2 ,jacob1 aft] committ+ bigamy1 s$uc$ two ( 8 h\semaids2 ,judah committ$ ince/ ) 8 daught]-9-law2 ,david 0 a polygami/1 an adult]]1 a robb] & a murd]]2 ,solomon _h a ?\s& wives & concub9es2 ,rehoboam1 ,abijam1 ,joram1 ,ahaziah1 ,jo?am1 ,ahaz1 ,manasseh1 ,amon & ,jehoia*91 are all repres5t$ z mon/]s ( iniquity2 :ile o!rs are decl>$ to h be5 too vile to ev5 "n 9 8 g5ealogy4 #eia ,:at female ance/ors are nam$ 9 8 g5ealogy8 ,mat!w3 ,?am>1 ,ra*ab1 ,ru? & ,ba?%eba4 ,reg>d+ ^! wom5 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,alex&] ,walk] says3 ,x is rem>kable t 9 ! g5ealogy ( ,*ri/1 only f\r wom5 h be5 nam$3 ,?am>1 :o s$uc$ ! fa!r ( h] late husb&2 ,ra*ab1 a common pro/itute2 ,ru?1 :o1 in/ead ( m>ry+ "o ( h] c\s9s1 w5t to b$ ) ano!r ( !m2 & ,ba?%eba1 an adult]ess1 :o esp\s$ ,david1 ! murd]] ( h] fir/ husb& 7,woman1 p4 #ccj74 ,mat!w ,h5ry1 a not$ ,*ri/ian comm5tator1 says3 ,!re are f\r wom51 & b f\r1 nam$ 9 ?is g5ealogy1 444 ,ra*ab1 a ,canaanitess1 & a h>lot besides1 & ,ru?1 ! ,moabitess4444 ,! o!r two 7 adult]esses1 ,tam> & ,ba?%eba 7,comm5t>y1 ,vol4 v74 #eib ,:o 0 8 favorite female att5dant8 ,luke3 ,m>y call$ ,magdal5e1 out ( :om w5t sev5 devils 7viii1 #b74 ,ref]r+ to ?is woman1 ,dr4 ,f>r> says3 ,?is exorcism is n else:]e allud$ to1 & x w\ld be p]fectly 9 accordance ) ! g5ius ( ,hebrew phraseology if ! expression _h be5 appli$ to h] 9 consequ5ce ( a passionate nature & an ab&on$ life4 ,! ,talmudi/s h mu* to say respect+ h]--h] weal?1 h] extreme beauty1 h] braid$ locks1 h] %ameless pr(ligacy1 h] husb& ,pappus1 & h] p>am\r1 ,p&]a 7,life ( ,*ri/1 p4 #afb74 ,9 a *apt] on ,sanctifi$ ,pro/itution1 ,dr4 ,s\ry writes3 ,! ,jewess is full ( naive immode/y1 h] lip r$ ) desire1 h] eye moi/ & s+ul>ly lum9\s 9 ! %ade4 ,ye>n+ ) voluptu\sness1 sup]b 9 h] triumphs1 or m]ely fel9e & c>ess+1 %e is ev] ! 'insatiable1' ! woman ') sev5 devils' ( :om ! scripture speaks1 a k9d ( burn+ furnace 9 :i* ! blond ,teuton melts l wax4 ,s f> z 9 h] lay1 ! ,syrian woman1 ) h] supple & n]v\s arms1 drew into ! tomb ! la/ exhau/$ sons ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,b :o c describe ! grace & ! s(t languor ( ^! daught]s ( ,syria1 _! l>ge black eyes1 ! w>m bi/re t9ts ( _! sk98 ,all ! poets ( ! decad5ce1 ,catullus1 ,tibullus1 ,prop]cius1 h sung ?is wondr\s be+4 ,) s(t & humble voice1 languid & z ?\gh cru%$ by "s hidd5 ill1 dragg+ h] limbs ov] ! tiles ( a gynaecium1 %e might h be5 reg>d$ z a /upid slave4 ,(t51 h] gaze lo/ 9 long rev]ies1 %e seem$ dead1 save t h] bosom began to swell1 h] eye light$ up1 h] brea? quick5$1 h] *eeks became cov]$ ) crimson4 ,! rev]ie becom+ a reality by a mat*less p[] ( invovation & desire1 su* is ! sacr$ disease :i*1 ?anks to ,m>y ,magdal5e1 gave bir? to ,*ri/ianity 7,religion ( ,israel1 pp4 #gj1 #ga74 #eic ,:o 7 8 apo/les8 ,a doz5 knaves1 z ignorant z owls & z poor z *ur* mice4--,voltaire4 ,pale/9e 0 "o ( ! mo/ backw>d ( c\ntries2 ! ,galileans 7 ! mo/ ignorant ( ! inhabitants ( ,pale/9e2 & ! disciples might be c\nt$ among ! mo/ simple p ( ,galilee4--,r5an4 ,8 foll[]s 7 'unle>n$ & ignorant m51' *os5 f ! humble/ ( ! p4--,f>r>4 #eid ,:at p[] is ,*ri/ said to h be/[$ on ,pet]8 ,& ,i w give unto !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav53 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9 heav53 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav5 7,mat!w xvi1 #ai74 ,on ?is rem>kable be/[al ( p[]1 :i* has ex]t$ su* a mighty influ5ce 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! *ur*1 b ( :i* ,m>k1 ,luke & ,john "k no?+1 ,greg comm5ts z foll[s3 ,n only d we "k ,pet]'s utt] unfitness to be ! deposit>y ( su* a fe>ful p[]1 f 8 impetuosity & in/ability ( "*1 & ,*ri/'s ?or\gh p]ception ( ?is unfitness1 b we f9d imm$iately aft] x is said to h be5 conf]r$ ^u him1 8 ,"l addresses him indignantly by ! epi!t ( ,satan1 & rebukes him = 8 presumption & unspirituality2 & %ortly aft]w>ds ?is v man ?rice d5i$ 8 ma/]4 ,c any "o ma9ta9 x to be conceivable t ,jesus %\ld h conf]r$ ! awful p[] ( decid+ ! salvation or damnation ( 8 fell[-m5 ^u "o s frail1 s faulty1 & s fallible8 ,does any "o believe t he did8 7,cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom1 p4 #ahi74 #eie ,:5 ,pet] discov]$ t ,jesus 0 ! ,*ri/ :at did he d8 ,m>k3 ,& ,pet] took him ,*ri/ & began to rebuke him 7viii1 #cb74 ,:at did ,jesus d 9 turn8 ,m>k3 ,he rebuk$ ,pet]1 say+1 ,get !e beh9d me ,satan 7#cc74 ,:at a spectacle6 ,! inc>nate ,god ( ! univ]se & 8 viceg]5t on e>? indulg+ 9 a petty qu>rel6 #eif ,give an acc\nt ( ,pet]'s d5ial ( 8 ,ma/]4 ,mat!w3 ,n[ :5 ,pet] sat )\t 9 ! palace3 & a damsel came unto him1 say+1 ,?\ also wa/ ) ,jesus ( ,galilee4 ,b he d5i$ be=e !m all1 say+1 ,i "k n :at ?\ saye/4 ,& :5 he 0 gone out into ! por*1 ano!r maid saw him1 & said unto !m t 7 !re1 ,?is fell[ 0 also ) ,jesus ( ,naz>e?4 ,& aga9 he d5i$ ) an oa?1 ,i d n "k ! man4 ,& aft] a :ile came up to him !y t /ood by1 & said to ,pet]1 ,surely ?\ also art "o ( !m2 = ?y spee* bewraye? !e4 ,!n began he to curse & to swe>1 say+1 ,i "k n ! man 7xxvi1 #fi-gd74 #eig ,:at did ,pet] say to ,jesus 9 reg>d to comp5sation = 8 s]vices8 ,behold1 we h =sak5 all1 & foll[$ !e2 :at %all we h !re=e8 7,mat!w xix1 #bg74 ,:at reque/ 0 made by ,james & ,john8 ,m>k3 ,!y said unto him1 ,grant unto u t we may sit1 "o on ?y "r h&1 & ! o!r on ?y left h&1 9 ?y glory 7x1 #cg74 ,?is %[s t self-aggr&izem5t inspir$ ! actions ( 8 foll[]s !n z x does today4 #eih ,:at is said ( ,john 9 ! ,gospel ( ,john8 ,!re 0 lean+ on ,jesus' bosom "o ( 8 disciples :om he lov$ 7xiii1 #bc74 ,! disciple /&+ by :om he ,jesus lov$ 7xix1 #bf74 ,! o!r disciple :om ,jesus lov$ 7xx1 #b74 ,!n ,pet]1 turn+ ab\t1 see? ! disciple :om ,jesus lov$ foll[+2 :i* also lean$ on 8 brea/ at supp]4444 ,?is is ! disciple :i* te/ifie? ( ^! ?+s1 & wrote ^! ?+s 7xxi1 #bj1 #bd74 ,if ! ,apo/le ,john wrote ?is ,gospel1 z claim$ by ,*ri/ians & z decl>$ 9 ! ,gospel1 he 0 a vulg> egoti/4 #eii ,:at is said reg>d+ ! conduct ( 8 ,apo/les on ! ev5+ prec$+ ! crucifixion8 ,luke3 ,& !re 0 also a /rife among !m1 :i* ( !m %\ld be acc\nt$ ! greate/ 7xxii1 #bd74 ,?is 0 imm$iately aft] he _h ann\nc$ 8 spe$y betrayal & dea? & :5 8 disciples1 if s9c]e1 mu/ h manife/$ ! deepe/ sadness & humility4 ,if ! ,evangeli/ is n a base calumniator ! ,apo/les 7 a set ( he>tless knaves4 #fjj ,:5 ! ,jews came to arre/ ,jesus :at did ! disciples d8 ,mat!w3 ,!n all ! disciples =sook him1 & fl$ 7xxvi1 #ef74 ,m>k3 ,& !y all =sook him1 & fl$ 7xiv1 #ej74 ,ju/9 says3 ,all 8 fri5ds ! ,apo/les /ood alo( f him1 hav+ d5i$ him 7,apology i1 #ej74 ,"o sc>cely kn[s :i* to dete/ ! m1 ! trea*]y ( ,judas 9 betray+ 8 ,ma/]1 or ! imbecility & c[>dice ( ! o!r apo/les :o took no measures to prev5t x & :o =sook him 9 ! h\r ( dang]4 #fja ,:at became ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les8 ,! ,new ,te/am5t1 a portion ( :i* is admitt$ to h be5 writt5 z late z ! latt] "p ( ! fir/ c5tury & ne>ly all ( :i* 0 really writt5 9 ! second c5tury1 is sil5t reg>d+ !m4 ,*ri/ian m>tyrology records _! fates z foll[s3 ,/4 ,pet] 0 crucifi$1 at 8 own reque/ head d[nw>d1 & buri$ 9 ! ,vatican at ,rome4 ,/4 ,&rew1 aft] hav+ be5 sc\rg$ sev5 times ^u 8 nak$ body1 0 crucifi$ by ! proconsul ( ,a*aia4 ,/4 ,james 0 behead$ by ,h]od ,antipas 9 ,pale/9e4 ,/4 ,john 0 ?r[n into a cauldron ( boil+ oil by ,domitian1 b ,god deliv]$ him4 ,/4 ,philip 0 sc\rg$ & crucifi$ or hang$ by ! magi/rates ( ,hi]apolis4 ,/4 ,b>?olomew 0 put to dea? by a ,roman gov]nor 9 ,arm5ia4 ,/4 ,mat!w suff]$ m>tyrdom at ,naddab> 9 ,e?iopia4 ,/4 ,?omas 0 %ot to dea? ) arr[s by ! ,brahmans 9 ,india4 ,/4 ,james ! ,less 0 ?r[n f ! p9nacle ( ! temple at ,j]usalem & dispat*$ ) a club :]e he fell4 ,/4 ,simon 0 crucifi$ & buri$ 9 ,brita94 ,/4 ,jude 0 cruelly put to dea? by ! ,magi ( ,p]sia4 ,/4 ,mat?ias1 ! successor ( ,judas ,isc>iot1 if ,*ri/ian tradition is to be cr$it$1 0 put to dea? ?ree times1 crucifi$1 /on$1 & behead$4 ,no?+ c be m incr$ible ?an ^! s-call$ traditions reg>d+ ! m>tyrdom ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 ! mo/ ( !m occurr+ 9 an empire :]e all religi\s sects enjoy$ z p]fect religi\s fre$om z ! diff]5t sects d 9 ,am]ica today4 ,:atev] op9ion may be ent]ta9$ respect+ ! exi/5ce ( ,jesus1 ! ,twelve ,apo/les belong to ! realm ( my?ology1 & _! alleg$ m>tyrdoms are pure inv5tions4 ,_h ^! m5 really exi/$ ,*ri/ian hi/ory at lea/ w\ld conta9 "s reliable notice ( !m1 yet all ! /ories relat+ to !m1 l ! /ory ( ,pet] at ,rome1 & ,john at ,ephesus1 are self-evid5t fictions4 ,9 ! significant words ( ! em95t ,dut* !ologians1 ,dr4 ,ku551 ,dr4 ,oort & ,dr4 ,hooykaas1 ,all ! ,apo/les disappe> )\t a trace4 #fjb ,:at are ,paul's tea*+s reg>d+ woman & m>riage8 ,x is good = a man n to t\* a woman 7#a ,cor9?ians vii1 #a74 ,i say !re=e to ! unm>ri$ & wid[s1 ,x is good = !m if !y abide ev5 z ,i4 ,b if !y _c conta91 let !m m>ry2 = x is bett] to m>ry ?an to burn 7#h1 #i74 ,art ?\ loose f a wife8 seek n a wife 7#bg74 ,he t is unm>ri$ c>e? = ! ?+s t belong to ! ,"l1 h[ he may please ! ,"l2 b he t is m>ri$ c>e? = ! ?+s t are ( ! _w1 h[ he may please 8 wife4 ,!re is diff]5ce also betwe5 a wife & a virg94 ,! unm>ri$ woman c>e? = ! ?+s ( ! ,"l1 t %e may be holy 9 body & _s2 b %e t is m>ri$ c>e? = ! ?+s ( ! _w1 h[ %e may please h] husb& 7#cb-cd74 ,s !n he t give? h] 9 m>riage doe? well2 b he t give? n 9 m>riage doe? bett] 7#ch74 ,?is co>se & insult+ way ( reg>d+ wom51 z ?\gh !y exi/$ m]ely to be ! safety-valves ( m5's passions1 & t ! be/ m5 7 above ! temptation ( lov+ !m1 has be5 ! s\rce ( unnumb]$ evils4--,annie ,besant4 ,wives1 submit y\rselves to y\r own husb&s 7,colossians iii1 #ah74 ,z ! *ur* is subject unto ,*ri/ s let ! wives be to _! own husb&s 9 ev]y?+ 7,ephesians v1 #bd74 ,let y\r wom5 keep sil5ce 9 ! *ur*es1 = x is n p]mitt$ unto !m to speak1 b !y are comm&$ to be "u ob$i5ce1 z also sai? ! law4 ,& if !y w le>n any?+1 let !m ask _! husb&s at home2 = x is a %ame = a woman to speak 9 ! *ur* 7#a ,cor9?ians xiv1 #cd1 #ce74 ,let wom5 le>n 9 sil5ce ) all subjection 7#a ,timo?y ii1 #aa74 ,t %e woman does n cr\* today :]e ,/4 ,paul tri$ to b9d h]1 %e owes to ! m5 :o are gr& & brave en\gh to ignore ,/4 ,paul1 & rise sup]ior to 8 ,god4--,hel5 ,g>d5]4 #fjc ,did ,paul enc\rage le>n+8 ,! wisdom ( ?is _w is fooli%ness ) ,god 7#a ,cor9?ians iii1 #ai74 ,k puffe? up 7viii1 #a74 ,if any man be ignorant let him be ignorant 7xiv1 #ch74 ,bew>e le/ any man spoil y ?r\gh philosophy 7,colossians ii1 #h74 ,! cl]gy1 ) a few honorable exceptions1 h 9 all mod]n c\ntries be5 ! av[$ enemies ( ! diffusion ( k1 ! dang] ( :i* to _! own pr(ession !y1 by a c]ta9 in/9ct1 seem always to h p]ceiv$4--,buckle4 ,we "k ! cl]ical p>ty2 x is an old p>ty4 ,?is x is :i* has f\nd = ! tru? ^? two m>vel\s support]s1 ignorance & error4 ,?is x is :i* =bids to sci5ce & g5ius ! go+ beyond ! ,missal & :i* wi%es to cloi/] ?\ght 9 dogmas4 ,e /ep :i* ! intellig5ce ( ,europe has tak5 has be5 9 spite ( x4 ,its hi/ory is writt5 9 ! hi/ory ( human progress1 b x is writt5 on ! back ( ! leaf4 ,x is oppos$ to x all4 ,?is x is :i* caus$ ,pr9elli to be sc\rg$ = hav+ said t ! />s w\ld n fall4 ,?is x is :i* put ,campanella sev5 times to torture = say+ t ! numb] ( worlds 0 inf9ite & = hav+ caught a glimpse ( ! secret ( creation4 ,?is x is :i* p]secut$ ,h>vey = hav+ prov$ ! circulation ( ! blood4 ,9 ! "n ( ,jesus x %ut up ,galileo4 ,9 ! "n ( ,/4 ,paul x imprison$ ,*ri/oph] ,columbus4 ,to discov] a law ( ! heav5s 0 an impiety1 to f9d a _w 0 a h]esy4 ,?is x is :i* ana!matiz$ ,pascal 9 ! "n ( religion1 ,montaigne 9 ! "n ( morality1 ,moli]e 9 ! "n ( bo? morality & religion4 ,!re is n a poet1 n an au?or1 n a ?9k]1 n a philosoph]1 t y accept4 ,all t has be5 writt51 f\nd1 dream$1 d$uc$1 inspir$1 imag9$1 inv5t$ by g5ius1 ! treasures ( civilization1 ! v5]able inh]itance ( g5]ations1 y reject4--,victor ,hugo4 ,!re is 9 e village a light$ tor*1 ! s*oolma/]2 & a m\? to bl[ x out1 ! p>son4--,ibid4 #fjd ,:at admissions are made by ,paul reg>d+ 8 want ( c&or & hone/y8 ,be+ crafty1 ,i caught y ) guile 7#b ,cor9?ians xii1 #af74 ,unto ! ,jews ,i became z a ,jew1 t ,i might ga9 ! ,jews 7#a ,cor9?ians ix1 #bj74 ,i am made all ?+s to all m5 7#bb74 ,= if ! tru? ( ,god ha? m ab\nd$ ?r\gh my lie unto 8 glory1 :y yet am ,i also judg$ z a s9n]8 7,romans iii1 #g47 ,i robb$ o!r *ur*es1 tak+ wages ( !m1 to d y s]vice 7#b ,cor9?ians xi1 #h74 #fje ,:at is said ( ! p]secutions ( ,paul8 ,& ,saul1 yet brea?+ out ?reat5+s & slaught] aga9/ ! disciples ( ! ,"l1 w5t unto ! high prie/1 & desir$ ( him lett]s to ,damascus to ! synagogues1 t if he f\nd any ( ?is way1 :e!r !y 7 m5 or wom5 he might br+ !m b\nd unto ,j]usalem 7,acts ix1 #a1 #b74 ,?is 0 ,saul ! ,jew4 ,b !re be "s t tr\ble y1 & w\ld p]v]t ! gospel ( ,*ri/4444 ,if any man prea* any o!r gospel ?an t ye h receiv$1 let him be accurs$ 7,galatians i1 #g1 #i74 ,i w\ld !y 7 ev5 cut (f :i* tr\ble y 7v1 #ab74 ,?is 0 ,paul ! ,*ri/ian4 ,! leop>d *ang$ 8 "n b did n *ange 8 spots4 ,! alleg$ cause ( ,paul's sudd5 conv]sion & ! transf]5ce ( 8 hatr$ f ,*ri/ianity to ,judaism may well be que/ion$4 ,! /ory ( ! app>ition w n acc\nt = x4 ,a g5u9e *ange ( belief is n usually effect$ sudd5ly4 ,m5 sometimes *ange _! religion = ga9 or rev5ge4 ,x has be5 *>g$ t ,paul twice *ang$ 81 ! fir/ "t = ! hope ( ga91 ! second f a desire = rev5ge4 ,! ,ebionites1 "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ! ,*ri/ian sects1 claim$ t ,paul 0 orig9ally a ,g5tile1 t becom+ infatuat$ ) ! daught] ( ! high prie/ he became a conv]t to ,judaism = ! purpose ( w9n+ h] = a wife1 b be+ reject$1 he r5\nc$ ! ,jewi% fai? & became a vehem5t oppon5t ( ! law1 ! ,sabba?1 & circumcision 7,epiphanius ,aga9/ ,h]esies1 *apt] xxx1 sec4 #af74 #fjf ,:at 0 ,*ri/'s f9al comm& to 8 disciples8 ,love "o ano!r 7,john xiii1 #cd74 ,*ri/ian writ]s prate ab\t bro!rly love1 & yet f ! v beg9n+ ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ has be5 fill$ ) diss5sions4 ,*ri/ himself qu>rel$ ) 8 apo/les4 ,paul oppos$ ! tea*+s ( ,james 7,galatians ii1 #af-ba72 ,james condemn$ ! tea*+s ( ,paul 7ii1 #bj74 ,paul proclaim$ himself ! div9ely appo9t$ apo/le to ! ,g5tiles3 ,! gospel ( ! uncircumcision 0 committ$ unto me 7,galatians ii1 #g74 ,pet] cont5d$ t ! mission _h be5 assign$ to him3 ,& :5 !re _h be5 mu* disput+1 ,pet] rose up1 & said unto !m1 ,m5 & bre?r51 ye "k h[ t a good :ile ago ,god made *oice among u1 t ! ,g5tiles by my m\? %\ld he> ! ^w ( ! gospel 7,acts xv1 #g74 ,paul decl>$ ,pet] to be a dissembl]4 ,b :5 ,pet] 0 come to ,antio*1 ,i )/ood him face to face1 because he 0 to be blam$4 ,= be=e t c]ta9 came f ,james1 he did eat ) ,g5tiles2 b :5 !y 7 come1 he )drew & sep>at$ himself1 fe>+ !m :i* 7 ( ! circumcision4 ,& ! o!r ,jews dissembl$ likewise ) him 7,galatians ii1 #aa-ac74 ,john d5\nc$ ,paul z a li>4 ,?\ ha/ tri$ !m :i* say !y are apo/les1 & are n1 & ha/ f\nd !m li>s 7,revelation ii1 #b74 ,f ^! se$s ( diss5sion dea? has reap$ a bloody h>ve/4 ,dr4 ,talmage says3 ,a r$ l9e runs ?r\gh *ur* hi/ory = ne>ly n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s--a l9e ( blood2 n by hundr$s1 b by millions we c\nt ! sla94 ,"l ,byron says3 ,i am no ,platoni/2 ,i am no?+ at all4 ,b ,i w\ld soon] be a ,paulician1 ,mani*ean1 ,sp9ozi/1 ,g5tile1 ,pyrrhonian1 ,zoroa/rian1 ?an "o ( ! sev5ty-two villa9\s sects :o are te>+ ea* o!r to pieces = ! love ( ! ,"l & hatr$ ( ea* o!r4 #fjg ,quote ,paul's *>act]ization ( ,*ri/ians4 ,n _m wise 444 n _m noble are call$ 7#a ,cor9?ians i1 #bf74 ,base ?+s ( ! _w1 & ?+s :i* are despis$1 ha? ,god *os5 7#bh74 ,we are made z ! fil? ( ! _w1 & are ! (fsc\r+ ( all ?+s 7iv1 #ac74 ,we are fools = ,*ri/'s sake 7#aj74 #fjh ,:at did ,*ri/ say respect+ ! intellectual "* ( 8 conv]ts8 ,i ?ank !e1 ,o ,fa!r1 ,"l ( heav5 & e>?1 because ?\ ha/ hid ^! ?+s f ! wise & prud5t1 & ha/ reveal$ !m unto babes 7,mat!w xi1 #be2 ,luke x1 #ba74 ,comm5t+ on ?is expression ( ?anks1 ,celsus1 :o liv$ at ! "t ! ,f\r ,gospels made _! appe>ance1 says3 ,?is is "o ( _! ! ,*ri/ians' rules3 ,let no man t is le>n$1 wise1 or prud5t come among u2 b if !y be unle>n$1 or a *ild1 or an idiot1 let him freely come4 ,s !y op5ly decl>e t none b ! ignorant1 & ^? devoid ( und]/&+1 slaves1 wom51 & *ildr51 are fit disciples = ! ,god !y wor%ip4 ,conc]n+ ! ,*ri/ian tea*]s ( t age ,celsus writes z foll[s3 ,y may see weav]s1 tailors1 full]s1 & ! mo/ illit]ate ( ru/ic fell[s1 :o d>e n speak a ^w be=e wise m51 :5 !y c get a company ( *ildr5 & silly wom5 toge!r1 set up to tea* /range p>adoxes among !m4 #fji ,:om did ,*ri/ decl>e to be among ! fir/ to ent] ! ,k+dom ( ,heav58 ,h>lots & ?ieves4 ,! h>lots g into ! ,k+dom ( ,god be=e y 7,mat!w xxi1 #ca74 ,today %alt ?\ ! ?ief be ) me 9 p>adise 7,luke xxiii1 #dc74 #faj ,:at promise did he make to 8 foll[]s8 ,9 my ,fa!r's h\se are _m mansions4444 ,i g to prep>e a place = y4 ,& if ,i g & prep>e a place = y1 ,i w come aga91 & receive y unto myself 7,john xiv1 #b1 #c74 ,*ri/ians believe !mselves to be ! ari/ocracy ( heav5 ^u e>?1 !y are admitt$ to ! spiritual c\rt1 :ile millions ( m5 9 =eign l&s h nev] be5 pres5t$4 ,!y b[ _! knees & say !y are 'mis]able s9n]s1' & _! he>ts rankle ) abom9able pride4 ,poor infatuat$ fools6 ,_! s]vility is real & _! insol5ce is real b _! k+ is a phantom & _! palace is a dream4--,w9wood ,reade4 ,! ,*ri/ is a my?4 ,! ,holy ,gho/ ,prie/craft ov]%ad[$ ! h>lot ,sup]/ition2 ?is ,*ri/ 0 born2 & ! ,joseph ( humanity1 beguil$ by ! ,gabriel ( cr$ulity1 0 induc$ to support ! family4 ,b ! soldi]s ( ,reason h crucifi$ ! illegitimate impo/or2 he is dead2 & ! ignorant disciples & hy/]ical wom5 :o /ill l+] ab\t ! cross %\ld take 8 body d[n & bury x4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,*ri/ ,a ,,my?4 ,! conceptions reg>d+ ! nature & "* ( ,*ri/1 & ! value ( ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures z hi/orical evid5ce1 are _m1 *ief ( :i* are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,or?odox ,*ri/ians believe t ,*ri/ is a hi/orical "*1 sup]natural & div9e2 & t ! ,new ,te/am5t n>ratives1 :i* purport to give a record ( 8 life & tea*+s1 conta9 no?+ b infallible tru?4 #b4 ,cons]vative ,rationali/s1 l ,r5an1 & ! ,unit>ians1 believe t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is a hi/orical "* & t ^! n>ratives1 elim9at+ ! sup]natural elem5ts1 :i* !y reg>d z my?s1 give a fairly au!ntic acc\nt ( 8 life4 #c4 ,_m radical ,free?9k]s believe t ,*ri/ is a my?1 ( :i* ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is ! basis1 b t ^! n>ratives are s leg5d>y & contradictory z to be almo/1 if n :olly1 unwor?y ( cr$it4 #d4 ,o!r ,free?9k]s believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ is a pure my?--t he nev] _h an exi/5ce1 except z a ,messianic idea1 or an imag9>y sol> deity4 ,! fir/ ( ^! conceptions mu/ be reject$ because ! exi/5ce ( su* a be+ is impossible1 & because ! ,bible n>ratives :i* support x are incr$ible4 ,! second _c be accept$ because1 outside ( ^! incr$ible n>ratives1 !re is no evid5ce to confirm x4 ,"o ( ! two la/ is ! only true & rational conception ( ! ,*ri/4 ,jesus ,*ri/ is a my?4 ,b :at d we und]/& by ! t]m my?8 ,falsehood1 fable1 & my?1 are usually consid]$ synonym\s t]ms4 ,b a falsehood1 a fable1 & a my?1 :ile !y may all be fictions & equally untrue1 are n ! same4 ,a falsehood is ! expression ( an untru? int5d$ to deceive4 ,a fable is an av[$ or impli$ fiction usually int5d$ to in/ruct or ent]ta94 ,a my? is a falsehood1 a fable1 or an errone\s op9ion1 :i* ev5tually becomes an e/abli%$ belief4 ,:ile a falsehood & a fable are int5tional & imm$iate expressions ( fiction1 a my? is1 9 mo/ cases1 an unconsci\s & gradual developm5t ( "o4 ,my?s are ( ?ree k9ds3 ,hi/orical1 ,philosophical1 & ,poetical4 ,a ,hi/orical my? accord+ to ,/rauss1 & to "s ext5t ,i foll[ 8 language1 is a real ev5t color$ by ! light ( antiquity1 :i* conf\nd$ ! human & div9e1 ! natural & ! sup]natural4 ,! ev5t may be b slightly color$ & ! n>rative ess5tially true1 or x may be di/ort$ & numb]less leg5ds atta*$ until b a small residuum ( tru? rema9s & ! n>rative is ess5tially false4 ,a l>ge portion ( anci5t hi/ory1 includ+ ! ,biblical n>ratives1 are hi/orical my?s4 ,! e>lie/ records ( all nations & ( all religions are m or less my?ical4 ,no?+ great has be5 e/abli%$1 says ,r5an1 :i* does n re/ on a leg5d4 ,! only culprit 9 su* cases is ! humanity :i* is will+ to be deceiv$4 ,a ,philosophical my? is an idea clo!d 9 ! dress ( hi/orical n>rative4 ,:5 a m]e idea is p]sonifi$ & pres5t$ 9 ! =m ( a man or a god x is call$ a pure my?4 ,_m ( ! gods & h]oes ( antiquity are pure my?s4 ,john ,fiske ref]s to a my? z a piece ( unsci5tific philosophiz+1 & ?is is a fairly good def9ition ( ! philosophical my?4 ,a ,poetical my? is a bl5d+ ( ! hi/orical & philosophical1 embelli%$ by ! creations ( ! imag9ation4 ,! poems ( ,hom] & ,hesiod1 :i* 7 ! religi\s text books ( ! anci5t ,greeks1 & ! poetical writ+s ( ! ,bible1 :i* help$ to =m & fo/] ! ,semitic fai?s ( ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity1 & ,mohamm$anism1 belong to ?is class4 ,x is (t5 difficult1 if n impossible1 to di/+ui% a hi/orical f a philosophical my?4 ,h5ce ! non-agreem5t ( ,free?9k]s 9 reg>d to ! nature ( ! ,*ri/ my?4 ,is ,*ri/ a hi/orical or a philosophical my?8 ,does an analysis ( 8 alleg$ hi/ory disclose ! deification ( a man1 or m]ely ! p]sonification ( an idea8 ,! foll[+ hypo!sis1 writt5 by ,mrs4 ,besant1 ( ,engl&1 is1 to a consid]able ext5t1 an epitome ( ! views ( ,/rauss1 :o1 9 8 ma/]ly ,leb5 ,jesu1 adopts ! hi/orical my?3 ,! my?ic !ory accepts an hi/orical gr\ndwork = _m ( ! /ories ab\t ,jesus1 b x does n seek to expla9 ! miracul\s by att5uat+ x into ! natural4444 ,x attributes ! incr$ible portions ( ! hi/ory to ! ,messianic !ories curr5t among ! ,jews4 ,! ,messiah w\ld d ?is & t2 ,jesus 0 ! ,messiah2 !re=e1 ,jesus did ?is & t--su*1 argue ! support]s ( ! my?ical !ory1 0 ! me?od 9 :i* ! my?us 0 develop$4444 ,?us1 ,jesus is desc5d$ f ,david1 because ! ,messiah 0 to come ( ,david's l9eage2 8 bir? is ann\nc$ by an angelic visitant1 because ! bir? ( ! ,messiah mu/ n be less honor$ ?an t ( ,isaac or ( ,samson2 he is born ( a virg91 because ,god says ( ! ,messiah1 '?is day h ,i begott5 !e1' imply+ ! direct pat]nity ( ,god1 & because ! prophecy 9 ,is4 vii1 #ad1 0 appli$ to ! ,messiah by ! lat] ,jews2 born at ,be?lehem1 because !re ! ,messiah 0 to be born 7,micah v1 #b72 ann\nc$ to %eph]ds1 because ,moses 0 visit$ among ! flocks1 & ,david tak5 f ! %eepfolds at ,be?lehem2 h]ald$ by a />1 because a /> %\ld arise out ( ,jacob 7,num4 xxiv1 #ag71 & '! ,g5tiles %all come to ?y light' 7,is4 lx1 #c72 wor%ip$ by ,magi1 because ! /> 0 se5 by ,balaam1 ! magus1 & a/rolog]s w\ld be ^? :o w\ld mo/ notice a />2 pres5t$ ) gifts by ^! ,ea/]n sages1 because k+s ( ,arabia & ,saba %all (f] gifts 7,ps4 lxxii1 #aj72 sav$ f ! de/ruction ( ! infants by a jeal\s k+1 because ,moses1 "o ( ! great types ( ! ,messiah1 0 s sav$2 fly+ into ,egypt & !nce return+1 because ,israel1 aga9 a type ( ! ,messiah1 s fl$ & return$1 & 'out ( ,egypt h ,i call$ my son' 7,hos4 xi1 #a72 at twelve ye>s ( age f\nd 9 ! temple1 because ! duties ( ! law devolv$ on ! ,jewi% boy at t age1 & :]e %\ld ! ,messiah !n be f\nd save 9 8 ,fa!r's temple8 recogniz$ at 8 baptism by a div9e voice1 to fulfil ,is4 xlii1 #a2 hov]$ ov] by a dove1 because ! brood+ _s 7,g54 i1 #b7 0 reg>d$ z dove-l1 & ! _s 0 to be especially p\r$ on ! ,messiah 7,is4 xlii1 #a72 tempt$ by ! devil to te/ him1 because ,god te/$ 8 greate/ s]vants1 & w\ld surely te/ ! ,messiah2 fa/+ =ty days 9 ! wild]ness1 because ! types ( ! ,messiah--,moses & ,elijah--?us fa/$ 9 ! des]t2 heal+ all mann] ( disease1 because ,messiah 0 to heal 7,is4 xxxv1 #e-f72 prea*+1 because ,messiah 0 to prea* 7,is4 lxi1 #a-b72 crucifi$1 because ! h&s & feet ( ,messiah 7 to be pi]c$ 7,ps4 xxii1 #af72 mock$1 because ,messiah 0 to be mock$ 7,ib4 #f-h72 8 g>m5ts divid$1 because ?us x 0 spok5 ( ,messiah 7,ib4 #ah72 sil5t be=e 8 judges1 because ,messiah 0 n to op5 8 m\? 7,is4 liii1 #g72 buri$ by ! ri*1 because ,messiah 0 ?us to f9d 8 grave 7,ib4 #i72 ris+ aga91 because ,messiah c\ld n be left 9 hell 7,ps4 xvi1 #aj72 sitt+ at ,god's "r h&1 because !re ,messiah 0 to sit z k+ 7,ps4 cx1 #a74 ,?us ! =m ( ! ,messiah 0 ca/1 & all t _h to be done 0 to p\r 9 ! human metal2 ^? :o alleg$ t ! ,messiah _h come 9 ! p]son ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 adapt$ 8 /ory to ! /ory ( ! ,messiah1 p\r+ ! hi/ory ( ,jesus into ! m\ld already made = ! ,messiah1 & ?us ! my?us 0 trans=m$ into a hi/ory4 ,! =ego+ !ory1 ) v>i\s modifications1 is accept$ by a majority ( ,free?9k]s at ! pres5t "t4 ,! hypo!sis t ,*ri/ is a philosophical my?1 bas$1 l ! prec$+ "o1 ^u ! ,messianic idea1 is ?us pres5t$ by ,t4 ,b4 ,wakeman3 ,nev] 0 !re an example ( a ^w becom+ a believ$ p]son1 "u ?is law ( mat]ialization1 m pla9ly & evolutionally ?an ! ',messiah' & ',son ( ,man' ( ! ,hebrew prophecies4444 ,! ,*ri/1 ',jesus1' 0 no man1 = ! reason t he 0 prophesi$ & visionat$ into ?is _w & life to d a "w t x w\ld be utt]ly absurd to suppose a man c\ld ev] d4 ,! ,romans _h kill$1 & c\ld easily kill1 e man :o _h tri$ to resi/ _! oppression4 ,n[ ! ,god ,yahweh by 8 'et]nally begott5 son1' spiritiz$ z ! ',son ( ,man1' t is ! ',s\l ( ! ,/ate1' z ,%akespe>e makes ,ulysses say x1 mu/1 9 ord] to be ( any avail appe> ) sup]natural p[]s4 ,he 0 ! p]sonifi$ p1 ,israel2 he _h be5 crucifi$ alive1 9 _! subjection & massacre ev5 to ! dea? & ,hades4 ,b by sup]natural p[] he1 ! ,israel1 w\ld rise aga9 & br+ ! f9al judgm5t back$ by ! inf9ite p[] ( ! nation's ,fa!r1 ,yahweh4 ,x 0 only a ,_s-,god :o c\ld d ?is--no?+ less c\ld be orig9at$1 or ?\ght (1 or provid$1 = su* a sup]human purpose4 ,a p]son1 a man1 a re=m]1 a weak edition ( ,socrates1 or ,savon>ola or ,bruno6 ,h[ absurd6 ,! human he>t 9 its despair by its imag9ation1 br\ght a ,god into ! _w to d a ,god's "w4 ',no man1' said ,napoleon2 'nor a ,god1' says ,sci5ce1 except ! idea4 ,su* x 0 t f9ally unit$ ! millions ( ,asia1 ,africa1 ,europe1 & ,am]ica1 9 a dream s intoxicat+ t x d>es n to be awak5$ ?\gh ! dawn ( ,sci5ce is "h4 ,mr4 ,wakeman argues t ! sil5ce ( hi/ory = "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ! alleg$ appe>ance ( ,*ri/ c be expla9$ only ^u ?is hypo!sis ( an ideal ,*ri/4 ,to ?is ! advocate ( ! hi/orical my?us may1 ,i ?9k1 v prop]ly reply3 ,hi/ory1 = ! mo/ "p1 takes cognizance only ( not$ m5 & important ev5ts2 & :ile ?is sil5ce precludes ! exi/5ce ( ! sup]natural ,*ri/ ( ,*ri/ians1 & ev5 t ( ! human ,jesus ( ,r5an1 x does n necess>ily preclude ! exi/5ce ( an obscure religi\s tea*] & an insignificant sect :i* subsequ5tly1 by a *a9 ( =tuit\s circum/ances1 became ! mightie/ among ! religions ( ! _w4 ,aga91 ?is hypo!sis presupposes a consid]able degree ( intellectuality on ! "p ( ^? :o evolv$ ?is ideal ,*ri/1 :ile tradition repres5ts ! f\nd]s ( ! ,*ri/ian religion z grossly ignorant4 ,_h ?is ,*ri/ orig9ally sprung f ! ,hell5i/ic ,jews ( intellectual ,alex&ria in/ead ( f ! ,jewi% dregs ( illit]ate ,galilee1 ,mr4 ,wakeman's !ory w\ld appeal ) surpris+ =ce4 ,/ill x mu/ be admitt$ t "s ( ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian sects d5i$ ! mat]ial exi/5ce ( ,*ri/4 ,ano!r philosophical hypo!sis1 ! a/ronomical1 :i* reg>ds ,*ri/ z a sol> my?1 is advanc$ by ,volney4 ,^! my?ological traditions rec\nt$ t1 '9 ! beg9n+1 a woman & a man _h1 by _! fall1 introduc$ into ! _w s9 & mis]y4' ,by ?is 0 d5ot$ ! a/ronomical fact t ! cele/ial virg9 & ! h]dsman 7,bootes71 by sett+ heliacally at ! autumnal equ9ox1 deliv]$ ! _w to ! w9try con/ellations1 & seem$1 on fall+ bel[ ! horizon1 to introduce into ! _w ! g5ius ( evil 7,ahrimanes71 repres5t$ by ! con/ellation ( ! s]p5t4 ,^! traditions relat$ t ! woman _h decoy$ & s$uc$ ! man4 ,&1 9 fact1 ! virg9 sett+ fir/ seems to draw ! h]dsman aft] h]4 ,t ! woman tempt$ him by (f]+ him fruit fair to ! sight1 & good to eat1 :i* gave ! k ( good & evil4 ,&1 9 fact1 ! virg9 holds 9 h] h& a bran* ( fruit :i* %e seems to (f] to ! h]dsman2 & ! bran*1 emblem ( autumn1 plac$ 9 ! picture ( ,mi?ra betwe5 w9t] & summ] seems to op5 ! door & give k1 ! key to good & evil4 ,t ?is c\ple _h be5 driv5 f ! cele/ial g>d51 & t a *]ub ) a flam+ sword _h be5 plac$ at ! gate to gu>d x4 ,&1 9 fact1 :5 ! virg9 & ! h]dsman fall b5ea? ! we/]n horizon1 ,p]seus rises on ! o!r side2 & ?is g5ius1 ) a sword 9 8 h&1 seems to drive !m f ! summ] heav51 ! g>d5 & dom9ion ( fruits & fl[]s4 ,t ( ! virg9 %\ld be born1 spr+ up1 an (fspr+1 a *ild1 :o %\ld bruise ! head ( ! s]p5t1 & deliv] ! _w f s94 ,?is d5otes ! sun1 :i*1 at ! mom5t ( ! w9t] sol/ice1 precisely :5 ! ,p]sian magi drew ! horoscope ( ! new ye>1 0 plac$ on ! bosom ( ! virg91 ris+ heliacally 9 ! ea/]n horizon4 ,on ?is acc\nt he 0 figur$ 9 _! a/rological pictures "u ! =m ( a *ild suckl$ by a *a/e virg91 & became aft]w>d1 at ! v]nal equ9ox1 ! ram1 or lamb1 triumphant ov] ! con/ellation ( ! s]p5t1 :i* disappe>$ f ! skies4 ,t1 9 8 infancy1 ! re/or] ( div9e & cele/ial nature w\ld live abas$1 humble1 obscure & indig5t4 ,& ?is1 because ! w9t] sun is abas$ bel[ ! horizon & t ?is fir/ p]iod ( 8 f\r ages or seasons is a "t ( obscurity1 sc>city1 fa/+ & want4 ,t be+ put to dea? by ! wick$1 he _h ris5 glori\sly2 t he _h reasc5d$ f hell to heav51 :]e he w\ld reign =ev]4 ,?is is a sket* ( ! life ( ! sun1 :o1 f9i%+ 8 c>e] at ! w9t] sol/ice1 :5 ,typhon & ! rebel angels ga9 ! dom9ion1 seems to be put to dea? by !m2 b :o soon aft] is born aga91 & rises into ! vault ( heav51 :]e he reigns4 ,c\nt ,volney's portraiture ( ! second memb] ( ! ,*ri/ian godhead is1 = ! mo/ "p1 accurate4 ,num]\s o!r analogies betwe5 him & ! anci5t sun gods might be nam$4 ,x is ! belief ( _m1 h[ev]1 t ^! sol> attributes ( ,*ri/ are lat] accretions borr[$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* f ! ,pagan religions :i* x supplant$4 ,:ile all ,free?9k]s are agre$ t ! ,*ri/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is a my? !y are n1 z we h se51 & p]haps nev] w be1 fully agre$ z to ! nature ( ?is my?4 ,"s believe t he is a hi/orical my?2 o!rs t he is a pure my?4 ,"s believe t ,jesus1 a real p]son1 0 ! g]m ( ?is ,*ri/ :om subsequ5t g5]ations gradually evolv$2 o!rs cont5d t ! man ,jesus1 z well z ! ,*ri/1 is :olly a creation ( ! human imag9ation4 ,aft] c>efully weigh+ ! evid5ce & argum5ts 9 support ( ea* hypo!sis ! writ]1 :ile refra9+ f express+ a dogmatic affirmation reg>d+ ei!r1 is compell$ to accept ! =m] z ! m probable4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,s\rces ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ ,,my?--,,anci5t ,,religions4 ,*ri/ & ! religion he is said to h f\nd$ are composite products1 made up1 to a great ext5t1 ( ! attributes1 ! doctr9es1 & ! cu/oms ( ! gods & ! religions :i* prec$$ !m & exi/$ ar\nd !m4 ,! ,*ri/ian believes t ,*ri/ is coexi/5t ) 8 fa!r1 ,jehovah--t he has exi/$ f ! f\ndations ( ! _w4 ,?is is 9 a measure true4 ,! ye>s t h elaps$ s9ce 8 alleg$ inc>nation are few comp>$ ) ! ye>s ( 8 ge/ation 9 ! intellectual womb ( humanity4 ,to und]/& ! orig9 & nature ( ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity x is necess>y to "k some?+ ( ! religi\s sy/ems & doctr9es f :i* !y 7 evolv$4 ,! foll[+1 "s 9 a l>ge & o!rs 9 b a small degree1 contribut$ to mold ?is suppos$ div9e inc>nation & inspire ?is suppos$ revelation3 #a4 ,nature or ,sex ,wor%ip4 #b4 ,sol> ,wor%ip4 #c4 ,a/ral ,wor%ip4 #d4 ,wor%ip ( ! ,elem5ts & ,=ces ( ,nature4 #e4 ,wor%ip ( ,animals & ,plants4 #f4 ,feti*ism4 #g4 ,poly!ism4 #h4 ,mono!ism4 #i4 ,! ,m$iatorial ,idea4 #aj4 ,! ,messianic ,idea4 #aa4 ,! ,logos4 #ab4 ,! ,p]fect ,man4 #a4 ,nature or ,sex ,wor%ip4 ,! deification & wor%ip ( ! procreative organs & ! g5]ative pr9ciples ( life is "o ( ! olde/ & "o ( ! mo/ univ]sal ( religions4 ,x has be5 call$ ! f\ndation ( all religions4 ,9 "s nations ! wor%ip ( ! male en]gy1 ,phallic wor%ip1 pr$om9at$2 9 o!rs ! wor%ip ( ! female en]gy1 ,yoni wor%ip1 prevail$4 ,b 9 all bo? elem5ts 7 recogniz$4 ,mrs4 ,besant says3 ,womanhood has be5 wor%ip$ 9 all ages ( ! _w1 & mat]nity has be5 deifi$ by all cre$s3 f ! savage :o b[$ be=e ! female symbol ( mo!rhood1 to ! philosophic ,comti/ :o adores woman '9 ! pa/1 ! pres5t1 & ! future1' z "m1 wife1 & daught]1 ! wor%ip ( ! female elem5t 9 nature has run side by side ) t ( ! male2 ! wor%ip is "o & ! same 9 all religions1 & runs 9 an unbrok5 ?read f ! b>b>\s ages to ! pres5t "t4 ,among ! life g5]at+ gods may be nam$ ,vi%nu1 ,osiris1 ,zeus1 ,priapus1 ,adonis1 ,bac*us1 ,saturn1 ,apollo1 ,baal1 ,molo*1 & ,jehovah4 ,among ! receptive life produc+ goddesses 7 ,isis1 ,rhea1 ,c]es1 ,v5us1 ,i/>1 ,a/>te1 ,as*]a1 ,devaki1 ,eve1 & ,m>y4 ,:]e ! wor%ip ( ! female elem5t l>gely prevail$ ! ,virg9 & ,*ild 0 a favorite deity4 ,isis & ,horus1 ,rhea & ,quir9us1 ,leto & ,apollo1 ,devaki & ,kri%na1 ,m>y & ,*ri/1 all _h _! inception 9 ! sex wor%ip ( primitive man4 ,! symbol ( ,phallic wor%ip1 ! cross1 has become ! emblem ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,i quote aga9 f our ,engli% au?oress3 ,we f9d ! cross 9 ,india1 ,egypt1 ,?ibet1 ,japan1 always z ! sign ( life-giv+ p[]2 x 0 worn z an amulet by girls & wom51 & seems to h be5 specially worn by ! wom5 atta*$ to ! temples sacr$ pro/itutes1 z a symbol ( :at 01 to !m1 a religi\s call+4 ,! cross is1 9 fact1 no?+ b ! ref9$ phallus1 & 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion is a significant emblem ( its ,pagan orig92 x 0 ador$1 c>v$ 9 temples1 & worn z a sacr$ emblem by sun & nature wor%ip]s1 long be=e !re 7 any ,*ri/ians to adore1 c>ve1 & we> x4 ,! cr[d kneel+ be=e ! cross 9 ,roman ,ca?olic & 9 ,high ,anglican *ur*es is a simple reproduction ( ! cr[d :o knelt be=e x 9 ! temples ( anci5t days1 & ! girls :o we> x among/ ourselves are--9 ! mo/ innoc5t unconsci\sness ( its real significance--exactly copy+ ! ,indian & ,egyptian wom5 ( an eld] "t4 ,! ,am]ican ,cyclop$ia says3 ,! crux ansata1 s common on ,egyptian monum5ts1 symbolizes ! union ( ! active & passive pr9ciples ( nature4 ,9 ! ,etruscan tombs h be5 f\nd crosses ( f\r phalli4 ,reg>d+ ?is subject1 ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia ( ,biblical1 ,!ological & ,ecclesia/ical ,lit]ature1 a /&>d or?odox ,*ri/ian au?ority1 says3 ,! sign ( ! cross is f\nd z a holy symbol among sev]al anci5t nations4444 ,sometimes x is ! phallus 7,art4 ,cross74 ,! same au?ority says t ! ,tau or sign ( life 7"o =m ( ! ,phallic cross7 0 adopt$ by "s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 9 lieu ( ! cross4444 ,*ri/ian inscriptions at ! great oasis are head$ by ?is symbol2 x has be5 f\nd on ,*ri/ian monum5ts at ,rome 7,art4 ,egypt74 ,dr4 ,?omas ,inman1 ( ,engl&1 "o ( ! =emo/ au?orities on anci5t symbolism1 says3 ,x has be5 res]v$ = ,*ri/ian art to cr[d our *ur*es ) ! emblems ( ,bel & ,a/>te1 ,baalim & ,a%tore?1 l+a & yoni1 & to elevate ! phallus to ! position ( ! supreme deity 7,anci5t ,pagan & ,mod]n ,*ri/ian ,symbolism1 p4 #af74 ,describ+ ! *asuble1 worn by ,*ri/ian prie/s1 ,dr4 ,inman says3 ,its =m is t ( ! vesica piscis1 "o ( ! mo/ common emblems ( ! yoni4 ,x is adorn$ by ! ,triad4 ,:5 worn by ! prie/1 he =ms ! male elem5t1 & ) ! *asuble completes ! sacr$ f\r4 ,:5 wor%ip+ ! anci5t goddesses1 :om ,m>y has displac$1 ! (ficiat+ m9i/]s clo!d !mselves 9 fem99e attire4 ,h5ce ! use ( ! *emise1 etc4 ,ev5 ! tonsur$ head1 adopt$ f ! prie/s ( ! ,egyptian ,isis1 repres5ts 'l'anneau'2 s t on head1 %\ld]s1 brea/ & body1 we may see on ,*ri/ian prie/s ! relics ( ! wor%ip ( ,v5us1 & ! adoration ( woman6 ,h[ horrible all ?is w\ld s\nd if1 in/ead ( us+ veil$ language1 we _h employ$ vulg> words4 ,! idea ( a man adorn+ himself1 :5 m9i/]+ be=e ,god & ! p1 ) ! effigies ( ^? p>ts :i* nature z well z civilization tea*es u to conceal1 w\ld be simply disgu/+1 b :5 all is said to be my/]i\s & connect$ ) hidd5 signification1 almo/ ev]ybody tol]ates & _m eulogize or admire x6 7,ibid1 p4 #ajd74 ,we/ropp & ,wake1 9 _! ,anci5t ,symbol ,wor%ip1 /ate t ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity h be5 l>gely d]iv$ f ,phallic wor%ip4 ,we/ropp says3 ,circumcision 0 9 its inception a purely ,phallic ord9ance4 ,our ,*ri/ian m>riage c]emonies1 he says1 are relics ( ?is wor%ip4 ,wake says3 ,9 ! recognition ( ,god z ! univ]sal fa!r1 ! great ,p>5t ( mank9d1 !re is a developm5t ( ! fundam5tal idea ( ,phallism4 ,9 ! position assign$ to ,m>y z ! "m ( ,god ! p>am\nt pr9ciple ( ! primitive belief is aga9 pr$om9ant4 ,! nimbus1 ! aureole1 ! cross1 ! fi%1 & ev5 ! spires ( *ur*es1 are symbols reta9$ f ! old ,phallic wor%ip4 ,dr4 ,alex&] ,wild] says3 ,!re is n a fa/ or fe/ival1 procession or sacram5t1 social cu/om or religi\s symbol1 exi/+ at ! pres5t day :i* has n be5 tak5 bodily f ,phallism1 or f "s successive sy/em ( ,paganism4 ,as*]a1 ! voluptu\s goddess ( f]tility1 0 a ,hebrew goddess & 0 wor%ip$1 along ) ,jehovah1 9 ! temple itself at ,j]usalem4 ,jules ,s\ry1 ( ,france1 9 8 ,religion ( ,israel 7p4 #fh71 says3 ,"u ! k+s ( ,judah & ,israel1 ! symbol ( ,as*]a ! phallus became an object ( g5]al piety :i* 0 f\nd 9 e h\se4 ,?us 9 ! prov9ces ( ,france1 we /ill f9d gigantic crosses on ! high roads1 on ! crossways ( ! woods :i* s]ve z re/+ places at ! ,fete ,dieu1 :ile1 "u ! por*es ( *ur*es1 v5dors ( religi\s toys /ill sell little ,*ri/s 9 wood or metal = a few half-p5ce4 ,! ri* wom5 ( ,israel1 ! b\rgeoises ( ,j]usalem1 wore ! symbols ( ,as*]a 9 gold & silv]1 a sort ( m$als ( ! ,virg9 ( ! "t1 :i* 7 at once jewels & objects ( devotion4 ,dulaure1 ano!r ,fr5* au?or1 tells u t ! wor%ip ( ,priapus1 ! god ( procreation1 "u ! "n ( ,/4 ,font91 ) rites ( ! mo/ indelicate "*1 prevail$ 9 ! ,ca?olic *ur* 9 sev]al prov9ces ( ,france & ,italy up to ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 or lat]4 ,! sex wor%ip ( ! ,semitic tribes ( ,we/]n ,asia _h its orig91 x is believ$1 9 ,india1 :]e1 "u ! "n ( ,sakti wor%ip1 x prevails today1 ?ree-f\r? ( ! ,h9doos1 x is claim$1 belong+ to ?is sect4 ,! wor%ip is ?us describ$ by ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica's *ief au?ority on ! subject1 ,pr(4 ,h4 ,h4 ,wilson3 ,! c]emonies are mo/ly gone ?r\gh 9 a mix$ society1 ! ,sakti be+ p]sonifi$ by a nak$ female1 to :om meat & w9e are (f]$ & !n di/ribut$ among/ ! company4 ,^! eat & dr9k alt]nately ) ge/iculations & mantras--& :5 ! religi\s "p ( ! bus9ess is ov]1 ! males & females ru% toge!r & indulge 9 a wild orgy4 ,! =ego+ is almo/ an exact description ( ! ,agapae1 or ,love ,fea/s1 z !y 7 obs]v$ = a "t 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,associat$ ) ! wor%ip ( ,as*]a & o!r goddesses ( ?is "* 0 :at is kn[n z sacr$ pro/itution4 ,?\s&s ( wom51 ! faire/ & be/ br$ ( _! race1 & also m5 7sodomites71 pro/itut$ !mselves = ! support ( _! religion4 ,john ,cl>k ,ridpa?1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,_w1 dwells ^u ?is in/itution4 ,x 0 practic$ = c5turies among ! ,hebrews1 con/itut+ a "p ( ! temple wor%ip1 ! ,jewi% k+s1 ) ! exception ( a few1 l ,hezekiah & ,josiah1 sanction+ x4 ,solomon's temple 0 l>gely a ,pagan temple4 ,be=e x /ood two ,phallic pill>s1 :ile its doors 7 ornam5t$ ) symbols ( ,phallic & ,sol> wor%ip4 ,solomon wor%ip$1 9 addition to o!r ,pagan deities1 ,a/>te 7,a%tore?71 ! ,sidonian ,as*]a 7#a ,k+s xi1 #e1 #g74 ,! pieti/ic writ]s ( ! ,bible condemn x1 b 9 spite ( a few spasmodic ef=ts to suppress ! wor%ip1 x cont9u$ to fl\ri% until long aft] ! ,captivity4 ,f ,s\ry's acc\nt ( ! sanctifi$ pro/itution ( ,israel ,i quote ! foll[+3 ,! t5ts ( ! sacr$ pro/itutes 7 g5]ally erect$ on ! 'high places1' :]e sacrifices 7 (f]$1 beside ! tablet ( ,baal or ,iahveh ,jehovah & ! symbol ( ,as*]a 7,isaiah lvii1 #g1 et seq42 ,ezekiel xxiii1 #ad2 ,hosea iv1 #ag74 ,^! t5ts 7 wov5 & ornam5t$ ) figures by ! prie/esses ( ,as*]a4 ,rob$ 9 spl5did g>m5ts1 _! tresses dripp+ ) p]fumes1 _! *eeks pa9t$ ) v]milion1 _! eyes black-circl$ ) antimony1 _! eyela%es l5g!n$ ) a comp\nd ( gums1 musk & ebony1 ! prie/esses await$ ! wor%ip]s ( ! goddess )9 ^! t5ts 7,numb]s xxv1 #h7 on spaci\s b$s 7,isaiah lvii1 #h72 !y fix$ _! own price & conditions1 & p\r$ ! money into ! treasury ( ! temple 7,religion ( ,israel1 p4 #ga74 ,aft] describ+ ! temple ( ,z>panit1 :i* 0 furni%$ ) cells = ! use ( ! ,babylonian wom51 ,dr4 ,s\ry says3 ,cells ( ! same k9d1 s]v+ ! same purpose1 exi/$ at ,j]usalem 9 ! v temple ( ,jehovah1 :]e9 ,as*]a _h h] symbol & 0 ador$ 7,ibid #gb74 ,pro/itutes1 says ?is writ]1 7 ( bo? sexes4 ,! m5 7 call$ k$es*im1 ! wom5 k$es*o?--t is 'holy1 v[$1 consecrat$4' ,deut]onomy be>s witness t bo? ! "o & ! o!r br\ght ! hire ( _! pro/itution into ! treasury ( ! temple ( ,jehovah4 ,?is paid 9 "p ! exp5ses ( wor%ip at ,j]usalem 7,ib4 #gc74 ,if !n1 9 ,hebrew law & practice1 says ,dr4 ,inman1 we f9d su* a /rong infusion ( ! sexual elem5t1 we _c be surpris$ if x %\ld be f\nd else:]e1 & gradually influ5ce ,*ri/ianity 7,anci5t ,symbolism74 ,! wor%ip ( ,god ! ,fa!r has repeat$ly cla%$ ) t ( ,god ! ,"m1 & ! vot>ies ( ea* respectively h worn badges *>act]i/ic ( ! sex ( _! deity4444 ,our sexual sections are z well m>k$ z ^? 9 anci5t ,j]usalem1 :i* swore by ,jehovah & ,a%tore? respectively 7,ibid74 ,x is well kn[n t religi\s pro/itution has be5 practic$ 9 "s =m by ,*ri/'s devotees f ! e>lie/ ages ( ! *ur* d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,writ+ ( ! middle ages1 ,lecky1 ! hi/orian ( ,european morals1 says3 ,we may n lay mu* /ress on su* isolat$ in/ances ( depravity z t ( ,pope ,john ,,xxiii41 :o 0 condemn$1 among _m o!r crimes1 = ince/ & adult]y2 or ! abbot-elect ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 at ,cant]bury1 :o 9 #aaga 0 f\nd1 on inve/igation1 to h sev5te5 illegitimate *ildr5 9 a s+le village2 or an abbot ( ,/4 ,pelayo1 9 ,spa91 :o 9 #aacj 0 prov$ to h kept no less ?an sev5ty concub9es2 or ,h5ry ,,iii41 ,bi%op ( ,liege1 :o 0 depos$ 9 #abgd = hav+ sixty-five illegitimate *ildr52 b x is impossible to resi/ ! evid5ce ( a long *a9 ( ,c\ncils & ecclesia/ical writ]s1 :o conspire 9 depict+ f> great] evils ?an simple concub9age4444 ,! writ]s ( ! middle ages are full ( acc\nts ( nunn]ies t 7 l bro!ls1 ( ! va/ multitude ( infanticides )9 _! walls1 & ( t invet]ate preval5ce ( ince/ among ! cl]gy1 :i* r5d]$ x necess>y aga9 & aga9 to issue ! mo/ /r+5t enactm5ts t prie/s %\ld n be p]mitt$ to live ) _! mo!rs or si/]s 7,hi/ory ( ,european ,morals1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 ,p4 #cca74 ,= c5turies ! wor%ip ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ! ,*ri/ian goddess ( reproduction & mo!rhood1 0 supreme2 ! wor%ip ( ,god & ,*ri/ be+ subord9at$ to x4 ,dur+ ^! c5turies1 ,hallam tells u1 *a/ity 0 almo/ unkn[n4 ,9 e l&1 e class ignor$ ! sev5? comm&m5t1 because x 0 taught & believ$ t all (f5ses ( ?is "* 7 condon$ by ! ,virg94 ,hallam cites num]\s in/ances ( h] alleg$ int]v5tions 9 behalf ( ^? :o indulg$ 9 illegitimate practices4 ,! foll[+ is "o3 ,9 "o tale ! ,virg9 takes ! %ape ( a nun1 :o _h elop$ f ! conv5t1 & p]=ms h] duties t5 ye>s1 till1 tir$ ( a lib]t9e life1 %e returns unsuspect$4 ,?is 0 9 consid]ation ( h] hav+ nev] omitt$ to say an ,ave z %e pass$ ! ,virg9's image 7,middle ,ages1 p4 #fjd74 ,*ri/ian *ivalry1 s mu* laud$ 9 our day1 0 simply a =m ( sex wor%ip4 ,hallam *>act]izes x z unbridl$ lib]t9ism4 ,! writ+s ( t age1 l ^? ( ,boccaccio1 he says1 indicate a g5]al dissolut5ess 9 ! int]c\rse ( ! sexes4444 ,! violation ( m>riage v[s passes 9 !m = an inconte/able privilege ( ! brave & ! fair 7,ibid1 p4 #fff74 ,holy pilgrimages to ! %r9es ( sa9ts 7 usually pilgrimages to ! %r9e ( ,v5us4 ,"s ( ! modes ( atonem5t :i* ! *ur* mo/ approv$1 7 p>ticul>ly ho/ile to public morals4 ,none 0 s usual z pilgrimage2 :e!r to ,j]usalem or ,rome1 :i* 7 ! great objects ( devotion1 or to ! %r9e ( "s national sa9t1 a ,james ( ,compo/ella1 a ,david1 or a ,?omas ,becket4 ,?is lic5s$ vagrancy 0 naturally productive ( dissolut5ess1 especially among ! wom54 ,our ,engli% ladies1 9 _! zeal to obta9 ! spiritual treasures ( ,rome1 are said to h relax$ ! necess>y caution ab\t "o t 0 9 _! own cu/ody 7,ib41 p4 #fjg74 ,! prelates ( ! *ur*1 be+ equally culpable1 w9k$ at ! lic5ti\sness ( ! l[] ord]s ( ! cl]gy4 ,9 e c\ntry1 says ,hallam1 ! secul> & p>o*ial cl]gy kept wom5 9 _! h\ses1 ^u m or less ackn[l$g$ t]ms ( int]c\rse1 by a connivance ( _! ecclesia/ical sup]iors 7,ib41 p4 #cec74 ,a writ] ( respectable au?ority ass]ts t ! cl]gy frequ5tly obta9$ a bi%op's lic5se to cohabit ) a mate 7,ib41 p4 #ced74 ,ano!r =m ( sanctifi$ sexual indulg5ce1 & :i* receiv$ ! sanction ( ! *ur*1 0 :at is kn[n z ,m>quette4 ,conc]n+ ?is cu/om ,mrs4 ,matilda ,joslyn ,gage1 9 h] ,woman1 ,*ur* & ,/ate1 says3 ,! law kn[n z ,m>*etta1 or ,m>quette1 compell$ newly-m>ri$ wom5 to a mo/ di%onorable s]vitude4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ z ! rightful prey ( ! ,feudal ,"l f "o to ?ree days aft] _! m>riage1 & f ?is cu/om ! elde/ son ( ! s]f 0 held z ! son ( ! ,"l4444 ,m>quette 0 claim$ by ! ,"l's ,spiritual1 z well z by ! ,"l's ,temporal4 ,! ,*ur*1 inde$1 0 ! bulw>k ( ?is base feudal claim4 ,?is is affirm$ by ! ,fr5* hi/orian1 ,mi*elet4 ,he says3 ,! lords spiritual 7cl]gy7 _h ?is "r no less ?an ! lords temporal4 ,! p>son1 be+ a "l1 expressly claim$ ! fir/ fruits ( ! bride 7,la ,sorc]ie1 p4 #fb74 ,! braz5 lewdness ( m$ieval ,*ri/ianity has be5 driv5 into privacy4 ,b x /ill exi/s1 & x is /ill religi\s4 ,! ,italian patriot1 ,g>ibaldi1 be>s ?is te/imony3 ,9 ,rome1 9 #ahdi1 ,i myself visit$ e conv5t4 ,i 0 pres5t at all ! inve/igations4 ,)\t a s+le exception we f\nd in/rum5ts ( torture1 & a cell> ) ! bodies ( infant *ildr54 ,ref]r+ to ! prie/s connect$ ) c]ta9 conv5ts1 ,dr4 ,inman says3 ,_! practice 0 to in/ruct _! victims t :atev] 0 said or done mu/ be accompani$ by a pi\s s5t5ce4 ,?us1 ',i love y de>ly' 0 a pr(ane expression2 b ',i desire y\r company 9 ! "n ( ,jesus1' & ',i embrace 9 y ! ,holy ,virg91' 0 or?odox4 ,prote/ant read]s1 g5]ally1 w accept ?is te/imony z true ( ,ca?olic c\ntries4 ,b h ,prote/ant c\ntries a pur] record8 ,lecky1 class$ z a ,prote/ant hi/orian1 says3 ,! two c\ntries :i* are mo/ ?or\ghly p]vad$ by ,prote/ant !ology are probably ,scotl& & ,sw$52 & if we measure _! morality by ! common ?\gh some:at defective te/ t is furni%$ by ! numb] ( illegitimate bir?s1 ! fir/ is well kn[n to be consid]ably bel[ ! av]age morality ( ,european nations1 :ile ! second1 9 ?is z 9 g5]al crim9ality1 has be5 pron\nc$ by a v able & imp>tial ,prote/ant witness1 :o has _h ! fulle/ means ( judg+1 to be v f> bel[ e o!r ,*ri/ian nation 7,european ,morals1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cia74 ,! religion ( ,*ri/ z x exi/s today is n only 9 its ext]nal =ms1 b 9 its v ess5ce1 l>gely a survival ( ! nature wor%ip ( old4 ,t x is closely alli$ to x is admitt$ by ,*ri/ian m9i/]s !mselves4 ,! ,rev4 ,fr$]ick ,rob]tson says3 ,! devotional feel+s are (t5 s+ul>ly alli$ to ! animal nature4 ,!y conduct ! unconsci\s victim ( feel+s t appe> div9e1 into a /ate ( life at :i* ! _w /&s agha/2 fanaticism is always unit$ ) ei!r excessive lewdness or desp]ate asceticism 7,essays74 ,! ,rev4 ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld1 9 ,freaks ( ,fanaticism1 says3 ,! religi\s passion v]ges s closely on ! sexual passion t a slight additional pressure giv5 to x bur/s ! p>tition1 & bo? are confus$ 9 a fr5zy ( religi\s debau*4 ,! ,rev4 ,j4 ,h4 ,noyes says3 ,religi\s love is a v ne> neighbor to sex love1 & !y always get mix$ 9 ! intimacies & social excitem5t ( religi\s revivals4 #b4 ,sol> ,wor%ip4 ,sc>cely less preval5t ?an sex wor%ip 0 ! wor%ip ( ! sun4 ,:ile sex wor%ip 0 conf9$ *iefly to ! g5]ation ( human life1 sun wor%ip compreh5d$ ! g5]ation ( all life4 ,! sun 0 recogniz$ z ! g5]ative p[] ( ! univ]se4 ,he ov]%ad[s ! receptive e>? f :om all life is born4 ,i quote f ,m4 ,s\ry3 ,amid all ^! =ces1 ! mightie/ is1 )\t contradiction1 ! sun1 ! fire ( heav51 fa!r ( e>?ly fire1 unique & supreme cause ( motion & life on our planet4 ,!re is no ne$ or reason to und]/& t ! v life1 & z x 7 ! blood ( our cele/ial fa!r fl[s 9 ! ve9s ( ! ,e>?1 our "m4 ,9 ! "t ( love1 :5 ! lum9\s heav5 embraces h]1 f h] f]tiliz$ womb spr+s =? a _w4 ,x is %e :o quiv]s on ! pla9s :]e ! s(t moi/ air waves g5tly on ! grasses2 x is %e :o climbs 9 ! bu%1 :o so>s 9 ! oak1 :o fills ! solitude ) ! joy\s twitt] ( birds b5ea? ! cl\dlet1 or f ! leaf-l9$ ne/s2 x is %e :o 9 seas & 9 runn+ wat]s1 or m\nta9s & 9 woods1 c\ples ! gorge\s male ) ! ard5t female1 ?robs 9 e bosom1 loves 9 e life4 ,b all ?is t]re/rial life1 all ?is w>m? & all ?is light are b efflu5ts f ! sun4 7,religion ( ,israel1 pp4 #c1 #d47 ,pr(4 ,tyndall says3 ,we are no long] 9 a poetical b 9 a purely me*anical s5se1 ! *ildr5 ( ! sun4 ,! sun1 said ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 gives all ?+s life & f]tility4 ,x is ! true ,god ( ! e>?4 ,john ,newton1 ,m4,r4,c4,s41 ( ,engl&1 says3 ,! glori\s sun1 t 'god ( ?is _w1' ! s\rce ( life & light to our e>?1 0 e>ly ador$1 & an effigy !re( us$ z a symbol4 ,mank9d wat*$ ) rapture its rays ga9 /r5g? daily 9 ! ,spr+1 until ! gold5 glories ( ,midsumm] _h arriv$1 :5 ! e>? 0 ba!d dur+ ! longe/ days 9 8 beams1 :i* rip5$ ! fruits t 8 return+ c\rse _h />t$ into life4 ,:5 ! sun once m began its c\rse d[nw>ds to ! w9t] sol/ice1 8 vot>ies sorr[$1 = he seem$ to sick5 & gr[ pal] at ! adv5t ( ,decemb]1 :5 8 rays sc>cely rea*$ ! e>?1 & all nature1 b5umb$ & cold1 sunk into a dea?-l sleep4 ,h5ce fea/s & fa/s 7 in/itut$ to m>k ! comm5cem5t ( ! v>i\s phases ( ! sol> ye>1 :i* h cont9u$ f ! e>lie/ kn[n p]iod1 "u v>i\s names1 to our own times 7,! ,assyrian ,grove74 ,! mo/ prom95t deities 9 ! pan!ons ( ! gods 7 sol> deities4 ,among ^! 7 ,osiris1 ,vi%nu1 ,mi?ra1 ,apollo1 ,h]cules1 ,adonis1 ,bac*us1 & ,baal4 ,9 ! wor%ip ( "s ( ^! gods sex & sol> wor%ip 7 unit$4 ,! e>ly ,israelites 7 mo/ly sun wor%ip]s4 ,& ev5 9 lat] times1 ! sun god1 ,baal1 divid$ ) ,jehovah ! wor%ip ( ! ,jews4 ,saul1 ,jona?an1 & ,david nam$ _! *ildr5 9 honor ( ?is god4 ,saul begat ,jona?an1 444 & ,e%-baal4 ,& ! son ( ,jona?an 0 ,m]ib-baal 7#a ,*ron4 viii1 #cc1 #cd74 ,david nam$ 8 la/ son1 save "o1 ,beeliada1 ,baal ,kn[s1 7#a ,*ron4 xiv1 #g74 ,solomon's wor%ip includ$ n m]ely ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah1 b t ( ,baal & o!r gods4 ,8 temple 0 fill$ ) ,pagan ornam5ts & emblems p]ta9+ to sol> wor%ip4 ,reg>d+ ?is ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,oort ( ,holl& says3 ,solomon's temple _h mu* 9 common ) hea!n edifices1 & slight modifications might h made x a suitable temple = ,baal4 ,?is ne$ n surprise u1 = ! anci5t religion ( ! ,israeliti% tribes 0 itself a =m ( ,nature-wor%ip j z mu* z ! religions ( ! ,canaanites1 ,ph5icians1 ,phili/9es1 & o!r surr\nd+ peoples 74 ,mo/ ( ! ,israelites c]ta9ly saw no h>m 9 ^! ornam5ts1 s9ce !y 7 n aw>e ( any v great diff]5ce betwe5 ! "* ( ,yahweh ,jehovah & t ( ,baal1 ,a/>te1 or ,molo* 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 ii1 p4 #hh74 ,long aft] ! "t ( ,solomon ! horses & *>iots ( ! ,sun 7 kept 9 ! temple 7#b ,k+s xxiii1 #aa74 ,_m ( ! /ories conc]n+ ,moses1 ,jo%ua1 ,jonah1 & o!r ,bible *>act]s are sol> my?s4 ,samson 0 a sun god4 ,dr4 ,oort says3 ,sun-wor%ip 0 by no means unkn[n to ! ,israelites4444 ,! my?s t 7 circulat$ among ^! p %[ t !y 7 zeal\s wor%ip]s ( ! sun4 ,^! my?s are /ill pres]v$1 b1 z 9 all o!r cases1 !y are s mu* alt]$ z to be h>dly recognizable4 ,! writ] :o has pres]v$ !m = u liv$ at a "t :5 ! wor%ip ( ! sun _h long ago di$ out4 ,he trans=ms ! sun god into an ,israelite h]o ,samson 7,ibid i1 p4 #dad74 ,/4 ,augu/9e believ$ t ,samson & ! sun god ,h]cules 7 "o4 ,*>les ,francois ,dupuis1 9 8 ,orig9 ( ,wor%ip1 "o ( ! mo/ elaborate & rem>kable works on my?ology ev] p5n$1 %[s t ne>ly all ! religions ( ! _w1 includ+ ,*ri/ianity1 7 d]iv$ l>gely f sol> wor%ip4 ,all ! sol> deities1 he says1 h a common hi/ory4 ,?is hi/ory1 summ>iz$1 is sub/antially z foll[s3 ,! god is born ab\t ,decemb] #be?1 )\t sexual int]c\rse1 = ! sun1 ent]+ ! w9t] sol/ice1 em]ges 9 ! sign ( ,virgo1 ! heav5ly ,virg94 ,8 "m rema9s ev]-virg91 s9ce ! rays ( ! sun1 pass+ ?r\gh ! zodiacal sign1 leave x intact4 ,8 infancy is begirt ) dang]s1 because ! new-born ,sun is feeble 9 ! mid/ ( ! w9t]'s fogs & mi/s1 :i* ?reat5 to dev\r him2 8 life is "o ( toil & p]il1 culm9at+ at ! spr+ equ9ox 9 a f9al /ruggle ) ! p[]s ( d>kness4 ,at t p]iod ! day & night are equal1 & bo? fight = ! ma/]y4 ,?\gh ! night veil ! ,sun & he seems dead2 ?\gh he has desc5d$ out ( sight1 bel[ ! e>?1 yet he rises aga9 triumphant1 & he rises 9 ! sign ( ! ,lamb1 & is ?us ! ,lamb ( ,god1 c>ry+ away ! d>kness & dea? ( ! w9t] mon?s4 ,h5ce=? he triumphs1 gr[+ ev] /rong] & m brilliant4 ,he asc5ds into ! z5i?1 & !re he gl[s1 on ! "r h& ( ,god1 himself ,god1 ! v sub/ance ( ! ,fa!r1 ! brightness ( 8 glory1 & ! express image ( 8 p]son1 uphold+ all ?+s by 8 life-giv+ p[]4 ,dr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,br[n1 au?or ( ,rese>*es 9 ,ori5tal ,hi/ory1 says3 ,/range z x may seem1 :il/ ,mi?ras & ,osiris1 ,dionysos & ,bac*us1 ,apollo & ,s]apis1 ) _m o!rs includ+ ,*ri/ 9 "n1 all mascul9e sun gods1 & all int]bl5d$1 a k ( "o is g5]ally a k ( ! :ole1 :]ev] locat$ or wor%ip$4 ,if ,*ri/ 0 n orig9ally a sol> god he we>s today ! liv]y ( "o4 ,8 "m1 ! ,virg91 0 ! "m ( ! sol> gods2 8 bir?day1 ,*ri/mas1 is ! bir?day ( all ! gods ( ! sun2 8 ,twelve ,apo/les correspond to ! twelve signs ( ! ,zodiac2 accord+ to ! ,gospels1 at 8 crucifixion ! sun 0 eclips$1 he expir$ t[>d sunset1 & rose aga9 ) ! sun2 ! day appo9t$ = 8 wor%ip1 ! ,"l's day1 is ! die solis1 ,sunday1 ( ! sun wor%ip]s2 :ile ! pr9cipal fea/s obs]v$ 9 memory ( him 7 once obs]v$ 9 honor ( _! gods4 ,e detail ( ! ,sun my?1 says ! not$ a/ronom]1 ,ri*>d ,a4 ,proctor1 is work$ into ! record ( ! ,galilean tea*]4 ,! cross we h se5 0 a symbol ( ,phallic wor%ip4 ,! cross1 & especially ! crucifix1 0 also an emblem ( sol> wor%ip4 ,x 0 c>v$ or pa9t$ on1 or )91 a circle repres5t+ ! horizon1 ! head & feet & ! out/ret*$ arms ( ! sacrificial (f]+ or crucifi$ ,r$eem] po9t+ t[>d ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! horizon4 ,! ,"l's ,supp]1 obs]v$ 9 memory ( ,*ri/1 0 obs]v$ 9 memory ( ,mi?ra1 ,bac*us1 & o!r sol> gods4 ,! nimbus1 or aureola1 surr\nd+ ! head ( ,jesus 9 8 portraits repres5ts ! rays ( ! sun4 ,x 0 ?us t ! anci5t ador]s ( ! sun adorn$ ! effigies ( _! god4 ,!re /ill exi/s a pill> erect$ by ! sun wor%ip]s ( ,c>?age4 ,on ?is pill> is c>v$ ! sun god1 ,baal1 ) a nimbus encircl+ 8 head4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! resurrection _h its orig9 9 sun wor%ip4 ,z ! sun1 ! ,fa!r1 rose f ! dead1 s x 0 believ$ t 8 e>?ly *ildr5 w\ld also rise f ! dead4 ,! daily disappe>ance & ! subsequ5t rise ( ! sun1 says ,newton1 appe>$ to _m ( ! anci5ts z a true resurrection2 ?us1 :ile ! ea/ came to be reg>d$ z ! s\rce ( light & w>m?1 happ9ess & glory1 ! we/ 0 associat$ ) d>kness & *ill1 decay & dea?4 ,?is l$ to ! cu/om ( bury+ ! dead s z to face ! ea/ :5 !y rose aga91 & ( build+ temples & %r9es ) an op5+ t[>d ! ea/4 ,to effect ?is1 ,vitruvius1 two ?\s& ye>s ago1 gave precise rules1 :i* are /ill foll[$ by ,*ri/ian ar*itects4 ,max ,muell]1 9 8 ,orig9 ( ,religion1 7pp4 #bjj1 #bja71 says3 ,p wond] :y s mu* ( ! old my?ology1 ! daily talk1 ( ! ,aryans 0 sol>3 :at else c\ld x h be58 ,! names ( ! sun are endless & s are 8 /ories2 b :o he 01 :5ce he came & :i!r he w5t1 rema9$ a my/]y f beg9n+ to end4444 ,man look$ up to ! sun1 ye>n+ = ! response ( a s\l1 & ?\gh t response nev] came1 ?\gh 8 s5ses recoil$1 dazzl$ & bl9d$ by an effulg5ce :i* he c\ld n support1 yet he nev] d\bt$ t ! invisible 0 !re1 & t1 :]e 8 s5ses fail$ him1 :]e he c\ld nei!r grasp nor compreh5d1 he might /ill %ut 8 eyes & tru/1 fall d[n & wor%ip4 ,?is wor%ip ( old survives 9 ! wor%ip ( today4 ,a k ( ! location1 ! limits & ! nature ( ! sun has gradually conv9c$ ! _w t ?is is n ,god's dwell+ place2 b some:]e 9 ! inf9ite expanse ( ! blue beyond !y fancy he has 8 ?rone4 ,to ?is imag9>y be+ is r5d]$ ! same adoration t 0 r5d]$ to him by primitive man--! adoration ( *ildi% ignorance4 #c4 ,a/ral ,wor%ip4 ,! wor%ip ( ! planets & />s 0 probably a lat] developm5t ?an sex & sol> wor%ip4 ,x fl\ri%$ = a "t 9 ne>ly e "p ( ! _w1 & left its impress on ! religions t succe$$ x4 ,9 ,*aldea1 "o ( ! pr9cipal s\rces ( ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity1 ! wor%ip ( ! />s prevail$4 ,i quote f ,dr4 ,ridpa?3 ,9 _! aspirations = communion ) ! high] p[]s1 ! ye>n+ ( ! anci5t ,*aldeans turn$ upw>ds to ! planets & ! />s4 ,! horizon ( ! ,babylonian pla9 0 uni=m & b\ndless4 ,x 0 ! heav5 above r ?an ! e>? b5ea?1 :i* exhibit$ v>iety & life4 ,! ,zodiac 0 ev] new ) its brilliant evolutions4 ,?r\gh ! cle> atmosph]e ! tracks ( ! %9+ orbs c\ld be trac$ 9 e phase & transposition4 ,) ea* dawn ( morn+ light1 ) ea* recurr5ce ( ! ev5+ twilight1 a new panorama spread be=e ! rev]5t imag9ation ( ! dream]1 & he saw 9 ! mov+ sph]es n only ! abode b ! manife/$ glory ( 8 gods 7,hi/ory ( ! ,_w1 vol4 #a1 p4 #ach74 ,until today1 9 ! high light ( civilization1 ! idea ( "s k9d ( dom9ation ( ! />s ov] ! affairs ( human life has h>dly releas$ its hold on ! m9ds ( m52 & ! language ( ! old ,*aldean ritual ( signs has /ill a famili> s\nd 9 ! e>s ( ! cr$ul\s 7,ibid1 p4 #adj74 ,aft] allud+ to ! anci5t ,v$ic religion1 :i* recogniz$ 9 ! />s ! s\ls ( our dep>t$ ance/ors1 ,pr(4 ,john ,fiske says3 ,! ,*ri/ianiz$ ,g]man peasant1 fifty c5turies lat]1 tells 8 *ildr5 t ! />s are angels' eyes1 & ! ,engli% cottag] impresses x on ! y\?ful m9d t x is wick$ to po9t to ! />s1 ?\gh :y he _c tell 7,my?s & ,my? ,mak]s1 p4 #gf74 ,9 ! ,zodiac ! ,sun _h twelve palaces4 ,ea* palace _h a /> = a god1 & ea* 0 subject to ! ,sun4 ,ea* day ( ! week 0 gov]n$ by a planet1 & ea* h\r ( ! day _h its controll+ />4 ,_m s*ol>s1 includ+ ,jeff]son1 h held t ,*ri/ & 8 ,twelve ,apo/les relate to ! ,zodiac & 7 d]iv$ f ?is /ell> wor%ip4 ,! sev5 days ( ! week are /ill d$icat$ to ! old planet>y gods1 &1 ) a few modifications1 be> _! names4 ,*amb]s' ,encyclop$ia says3 ,! ,jews1 z well z ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 _h no special names = ! s+le days1 b c\nt$ _! numb] f ! previ\s ,sabba?1 beg9n+ ) ,sunday1 z ! fir/ aft] ! ,sabba?1 & end+ ) ,friday1 z ! six? aft] ! previ\s1 or eve 7,ereb7 ( ! next ,sabba?4 ,aft] a v %ort "t1 h[ev]1 "y ,*ri/ianity1 :i* 9 ! same mann] _h endeavor$ to c\nt f ! f]ia secunda1 or second day aft] ,sunday1 to ! ,septima 7or ,saturday71 _h to fall back aga9 ^u ! old hea!n names 7,art4 ,week74 ,! planet>y gods ,n>d\k 7,jupit]71 ,ad> 7,saturn71 ,i/> 7,v5us71 ,n]gal 7,m>s71 & ,nebo 7,m]cury71 7 all wor%ip$ by ! anci5t ,israelites4 ,i/> 0 call$ ,que5 ( ! ,/>s4 ,molo*1 ! rival ( ,jehovah1 :o %>$ = c5turies ! wor%ip ( ! ,hebrews1 _h 8 blaz+ />1 ! emblem ( 8 implacable cruelty4 ,! wor%ip ( ,a/>te1 daught] ( ! moon1 & ,que5 ( ,heav51 ^: emblem 0 a />1 0 introduc$ by ,solomon himself 7#a ,k+s xi1 #e2 #b ,k+s xxiii1 #ac74 ,= m ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s %e _h h] temple 9 ,j]usalem4 ,& ev5 today dev\t ,jews address orizons to ! new moon1 a relic ( ! wor%ip ( ,a/>te4 ,! ros>y is a survival ( a/ral wor%ip4 ,x 0 once a symbol ( ! />s4 ,! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,! belief t sun1 moon & />s 7 liv+ entities possess$ ( s\ls 0 g5]ally held by ! ,jews at ! beg9n+ ( our era4 ,! same belief 0 ent]ta9$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs4 ,orig5 says3 ,z ! />s move ) s mu* ord] & me?od t "u no circum/ances :atev] d _! c\rse seem to be di/urb$1 is x n ! extreme ( absurdity to suppose t s mu* ord]1 s mu* obs]vance ( discipl9e & me?od c\ld be dem&$ f or fulfill$ by irrational be+s8 ,out ( a/ral wor%ip grew ! s-call$ sci5ce ( a/rology4 ,( ?is ,*amb]s's ,encyclop$ia says3 ,a/rology is "o ( ! mo/ anci5t =ms ( sup]/ition1 & is f\nd prevail+ among ! nations ( ! ,ea/ at ! v dawn ( hi/ory4 ,! ,jews became mu* addict$ to x aft] ! ,captivity4 ,"o ( ! s-call$ ,messianic prophecies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t reads3 ,!re %all come a /> out ( ,jacob 7,num4 xxiv1 #ag74 ,n[ :5 ,jesus 0 born 9 ,be?lehem ( ,judea 9 ! days ( ,h]od ! ,k+1 behold1 !re came wise m5 f ! ea/ to ,j]usalem1 say+1 ,:]e is he t is born k+ ( ! ,jews8 ,= we h se5 8 /> 9 ! ea/1 444 &1 lo1 ! />1 :i* !y saw 9 ! ea/1 w5t be=e !m1 till x came & /ood ov] :]e ! "y *ild 0 7,matt4 ii1 #a1 #b1 #i74 ,?is m>vel\s ev5t at ! adv5t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,messiah 0 a complete fulfillm5t ( :at _h be5 pr$ict$ c5turies be=e conc]n+ ! appe>ance ( ! expect$ ,p]sian ,messiah1 ! orig9al ( ! expect$ ,messiah ( ! ,jews4 ,graves says t ! language ( ,mat!w cle>ly betrays ! a/rological orig9 ( 8 /ory3 ,! practice ( calculat+ nativities by ! />s 0 9 vogue 9 ! era & c\ntry ( ,*ri/'s bir?1 & _h be5 = a long "t previ\sly 9 v>i\s c\ntries4 ',we h se5 8 /> 9 ! ea/1 & h come to wor%ip him4' ,n[ m>k1 "h1 x 0 n ! />1 nor a />1 b '8 />'2 ?us disclos+ its unmi/akable a/rological features 7,sixte5 ,crucifi$ ,saviors1 p4 #ec74 ,aft] ref]r+ to ! preval5cy ( a/rology at ! beg9n+ (1 & ant]ior to1 ! ,*ri/ian era1 ,/rauss says3 ,:5 su* ideas 7 afloat1 x 0 easy to imag9e t ! bir? ( ! ,messiah mu/ be ann\nc$ by a />1 especially z1 accord+ to ! common int]pretation ( ,balaam's prophecy1 a /> 0 !re made ! symbol ( ! ,messiah4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,jewi% m9d effect$ ?is comb9ation2 = x is a rabb9ical idea t at ! "t ( ! ,messiah's bir? a /> w appe> 9 ! ea/ & rema9 = a long "t visible4444 ,9 ! "t ( ,jesus x 0 ! g5]al belief t />s 7 always ! =]unn]s ( great ev5ts4 ,jesus 9 ! ,apocalypse decl>es himself to be ! bright & morn+ /> 7xxii1 #af74 ,he _h 9 8 "r h& sev5 />s 7i1 #af74 ,! sev5 />s are ! angels ( ! sev5 *ur*es 7#bj74 ,8 second com+ w be h]ald$ by signs 9 ! sun1 & 9 ! moon1 & 9 ! />s 7,luke xxi1 #be74 ,! /> ( ! ,magi :i* po9t$ s un]r+ly to ! cradle ( ,*ri/ po9ts n less un]r+ly to "o ( ! s\rces f :i* ,*ri/ came4 #d4 ,wor%ip ( ! ,elem5ts & ,=ces ( ,nature4 ,! elem5ts & =ces ( nature1 ,volney believes1 inspir$ ! fir/ ideas ( ,god & religion3 ,man1 reflect+ on 8 condition1 began to p]ceive t he 0 subject$ to =ces sup]ior to 8 own1 & indep5d5t ( 8 w4 ,! sun enlight5$ & w>m$ him1 fire burn$ him1 ?und] t]rifi$ him2 ! w9d beat ^u him1 & wat] dr[n$ him4 ,consid]+ ! action ( ! elem5ts on him1 he conceiv$ ! idea ( weakness & subjection on 8 "p1 & ( p[] & dom9ation on !irs2 & ?is idea ( p[] 0 ! primitive & fundam5tal type ( e idea ( ! ,div9ity4 ,! action ( ^! natural exi/5ces excit$ 9 him s5sations ( pleasure & pa91 ( good or evil2 & by a natural effect ( 8 organization he conceiv$ = !m love or av]sion2 he desir$ or dread$ _! pres5ce2 & fe> or hope gave rise to ! fir/ idea ( religion4 ,f ?is elem5tal wor%ip ,indra1 ,agni1 ,zeus1 ,od91 ,jehovah & o!r gods 7 evolv$4 ,jehovah 0 orig9ally a god ( ! atmosph]e4 ,he manife/$ himself 9 ! tempe/2 he un*a9$ ! waves ( ! sea2 ! w9d 0 8 brea?2 ! ?und] 0 8 voice1 ! lightn+ 8 mess5g]4 ,he fill$ ! air ) fro/2 he precipitat$ ! hail2 he blanket$ ! e>? ) sn[2 he delug$ ! l& ) ra92 he congeal$ ! wat] ( ! /ream1 & p>*$ ! v]dure ( ! field4 ,fire wor%ip ov]spread ,asia1 & ,jehovah1 l ,molo*1 became a god ( fire4 ,!re w5t up a smoke out ( 8 no/rils1 & fire out ( 8 m\? dev\r$2 coals 7 k9dl$ by x 7#b ,sam4 xxii1 #i74 ,he appe>$ to ,abram z a smok+ furnace & a burn+ lamp 7,g54 xv1 #ag74 ,he reveal$ himself to ,moses 9 ! burn+ bu%4 ,! bu% burn$ ) fire1 b ! bu% 0 n consum$ 7,ex4 iii1 #b74 ,:5 ,david call$ to him he answ]$ him f heav5 by fire 7#a ,*4 xxi1 #bf74 ,to ! flee+ ,israelites he 0 a pill> ( fire 7,ex4 xiv1 #bd74 ,! ,"l desc5d$ ^u ,s9ai 9 fire 7xix1 #ah74 ,:5 he appe>$ ^u ,horeb ! m\nta9 burn$ ) fire unto ! mid/ ( heav5 7,deut4 iv1 #aa71 & ! ,"l spake out ( ! mid/ ( ! fire 7#ab74 ,! cl\d ( ! ,"l 0 ^u ! tab]nacle by day1 & fire 0 on x by night 7,ex4 xl1 #ch74 ,on ! ,jewi% alt> = c5turies ! sacr$ fire 0 kept burn+4 ,:5 ,a>on1 ,gideon1 ,solomon & ,elijah made (f]+s to ,jehovah !re came a fire out f be=e ! ,"l1 & consum$ ! (f]+s 7,lev4 ix1 #bd2 ,jud4 vi1 #ba2 #b ,*4 vii1 #a2 #a ,k4 xviii1 #ch74 ,elijah 0 translat$ 9 a *>iot ( fire 7#b ,k4 ii1 #aa74 ,eli%a 0 surr\nd$ by horses & *>iots ( fire 7vi1 #ag74 ,) fire he consum$ 8 enemies4 ,! ,"l ra9$ ^u ,sodom & ,gomorrah brim/one & fire 7,g54 xix1 #bd74 ,:5 ,nadab & ,abihu (f]$ /range fire be=e ! ,"l 7,lev4 x1 #a71 !re w5t out fire f be=e ! ,"l & dev\r$ !m 7#b74 ,:5 ! ,israelites displeas$ him at ,tab]ah1 ! fire ( ! ,"l burnt among !m & consum$ !m 7,num4 xi1 #a74 ,:5 ! ho/s ( ,satan encompass$ ! ,*ri/ian sa9ts1 fire came d[n f ,god out ( heav5 & dev\r$ !m 7,rev4 xx1 #i74 ,x is n[ a matt] ( demon/ration1 says ,m4 ,s\ry1 t at ! "t ( ! ,exodus f ,egypt1 9 ! des]t1 & ev5 9 ! "t ( ,judges1 light & fire 7 n to ! ,israelites m]e symbols ( ! deity1 b 7 ! deity himself4 ,*ri/ inh]it$ ! fi]y nature ( 8 ,fa!r4 ,he baptiz$ 8 disciples ) fire4 ,he %all baptize y ) ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ) fire 7,matt4 iii1 #aa74 ,& !re appe>$ unto !m clov5 tongues l z ( fire1 & x sat ^u ea* ( !m 7,acts ii1 #c74 ,he consign$ 8 enemies to ev]la/+ puni%m5t 9 ! unqu5*able fires ( hell4 ,! ,son ( man %all s5d =? 8 angels1 & !y %all ga!r out ( 8 k+dom all ?+s t (f5d1 & !m :i* d iniquity2 & %all ca/ !m into a furnace ( fire 7,matt4 xiii1 #da1 #db74 ,dep>t f me1 ye curs$1 into ev]la/+ fire 7xxv1 #da74 ,to be ca/ into hell fire3 :]e _! worm die? n1 & ! fire is n qu5*$4 ,= e "o %all be salt$ ) fire 7,m>k ix1 #dg-di74 ,8 disciples 7 imbu$ ) ! same _s & belief4 ,& !y 7! ,sam>itans7 did n receive him4444 ,& :5 8 disciples ,james & ,john saw ?is1 !y said1 ,"l1 wilt ?\ t we comm& fire to come d[n f heav5 & consume !m8 7,luke ix1 #ec1 #ed47 ,"s ve/iges ( anci5t fire wor%ip h be5 transmitt$ to our "t4 ,john ,newton says3 ,a sacr$ fire1 at fir/ miracul\sly k9dl$1 & subsequ5tly kept up by ! s$ul\s c>e ( prie/s & prie/esses1 =m$ an important "p ( ! religion ( ,judea1 ,babylonia1 ,p]sia4 ,greece & ,rome1 & ! sup]/ition l+]s among/ u /ill4 ,s late z ! adv5t ( ! ,re=mation1 a sacr$ fire 0 kept ev] burn+ on a %r9e at ,kild>e1 9 ,irel&1 & att5d$ by virg9s ( high rank1 call$ '+hean au dagha1' or daught]s ( fire4 ,e ye> is ! c]emony repeat$ at ,j]usalem ( ! miracul\s k9dl+ ( ! ,holy ,fire at ! reput$ sepul*re1 & m5 & wom5 cr[d to light tap]s at ! sacr$ flame 7,! ,assyrian ,grove74 #e4 ,wor%ip ( ,animals & ,plants4 ,9 ! infancy ( ! _w animals 7 deifi$ & ador$1 & trees & plants 7 reg>d$ z s5ti5t be+s & receiv$ ! homage ( man4 ,ne>ly e animal has be5 an object ( wor%ip4 ,?is wor%ip fl\ri%$ = ages 9 ,egypt & ,india4 ,9 ,egypt ! wor%ip ( ! bull 7,apis7 0 associat$ ) t ( ,osiris 7,s]apis74 ,! c[ is /ill wor%ip$ 9 ,india4 ,s]p5t wor%ip has exi/$ 9 e "p ( ! _w4 ,remnants ( animal wor%ip surviv$ 9 ,judaism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,satan 0 a s]p5t2 ,jehovah1 l ,osiris1 0 wor%ip$ z a bull2 ,*ri/ 0 ! lamb ( ,god1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ appe>$ 9 ! =m ( a dove4 ,closely alli$ to ?is wor%ip1 & to "s ext5t a "p ( x1 is ! doctr9e ( ! transmigration ( s\ls4 ,"s ( ! ,jews believ$ 9 ?is4 ,s did _m ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 includ+ ,orig54 ,! leek1 ! lotus1 & o!r plants 7 held z sacr$ or div9e4 ,! rose 0 ! div9e fl[] ( ,greece4 ,its petals _h be5 dy$ ) ! blood ( h] favorite goddess4 ,9 _m nations ! lily 0 ! sacr$ emblem ( virg9ity4 ,*ri/ians /ill atta* a sort ( sacr$ness to x4 ,! groves 7 ,god's fir/ temples1 says ,bryant4 ,! groves1 too1 7 among man's fir/ gods4 ,volumes h be5 writt5 on ! anci5t wor%ip ( trees4 ,n only ! ,druids ( ,brita91 b ! ,greeks1 & ! ,semitic races ( ,asia 7 wor%ip]s ( trees4 ,! giant oaks & ! symmetrical ev]gre5s 7 gods4 ,! ru/l+ ( ! asp5 & ! moan+ ( ! p9es 7 ! audible :isp]+s ( ,div9ity :i* ! prophets int]pret$4 ,! wor%ip ( trees1 says ,s\ry1 only disappe>$ 9 ,syria at a v late date4444 ,! l>ge/ & talle/ trees1 & ! ev]gre5 ones1 7 ador$ z gods4 ,a great _m ,semitic my?s 7 connect$ ) ! vegetable _w4 ,?us ! pomegranate1 fam\s = ! ri*ness ( its fruit1 0 sacr$ to ,adonis & ,aphrodite4 ,! almond1 :i*1 :ile nature seems inanimate1 comes =? fir/ f w9t]'s sleep1 ! amygdalis1 ! 'great "m1' gave bir? to a cr[d ( ,semitic leg5ds 7,religion ( ,israel1 pp4 #ff1 #fg74 ,! tree1 l ! s]p5t1 0 an emblem ( immortality4 ,! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 _h its ,tree ( ,life4 ,newton says3 ',i am come t !y might h ,life1 & t !y might h x abundantly' 7,john x1 #aj74 ,life is ! rew>d :i* has be5 promis$ "u e sy/em1 includ+ t ( ! f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,a ,tree ( ,life /ood 9 ! mid/ ( t ,p>adise :i* is describ$ 9 ! book ( ,g5esis2 444 & 9 a second ,p>adise1 :i* is promis$ to ! bless$ by ! au?or ( ! book ( ,revelation1 a tree ( life %all /& once m '= ! heal+ ( ! nations4' ,!re /ill exi/ 9 ,pale/9e v5]able trees :i* receive n m]ely ! rev]5ce1 b ! wor%ip ( ,mussulmans & ,*ri/ians4 ,"s ( ^! trees !y believe possess div9e curative p[]s4 ,travel]s h obs]v$ !m cov]$ ) /rips ( clo? or /r+s1 :i* are ti$ to ! twigs4 ,?is is done to induce ! _s ( ! tree to heal or drive away disease4 ,sex wor%ip1 z we h se51 bequea!d "s ( its doctr9es & rites to ne>ly e religion t has exi/$ s9ce its "t4 ,x became associat$ ) tree wor%ip4 ,! ,bible ab\nds ) sacr$ groves4 ,9 ,pale/9e hundr$s ( !m 7 consecrat$ to ,as*]a1 ! favorite goddess ( ! anci5t ,jews4 ,^! groves 7 devot$ to sacr$ pro/itution4 ,9 "s ( !m ! wor%ip ( ,baal & ,as*]a 7 comb9$2 9 o!rs t ( ,jehovah & ,as*]a4 ,^! sanctu>ies ( ,as*]a1 says ,m4 ,s\ry1 7 *>m+ spots1 %ady groves ( gre5 trees1 (t5 wat]$ by runn+ /reams1 my/]i\s retreats :]e all 0 sil5ce save ! coo+ ( ! doves sacr$ to ! goddess4 ,! symbol ( ,as*]a1 a simple pill>1 or ! trunk ( a tree1 p]haps ) its leaves & bran*es1 0 ! emblem ( g5]ative p[]4 ,! spots once occupi$ by ^! groves are /ill deem$ holy gr\nd4 ,_m ( !m are m>k$ by ,mohamm$an mosques & ,*ri/ian *apels4 ,! sacr$ groves ( ,pale/9e :]e dev\t & voluptu\s ,jews m+l$ ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah & ,as*]a live1 too1 9 ! ,prote/ant camp meet+s ( our we/]n _w1 :]e1 9 %ady b[]s1 ,*ri/ians wor%ip f]v5tly at ! alt> ( ,*ri/1 & !n1 n infrequ5tly1 meet cl&e/9ely & pay _! v[s to ,as*]a4 ,! palm tree1 & :]e ! palm did n gr[1 ! p9e1 bo? symbols ( ! phallus1 7 wor%ip$4 ,newton says3 ,palm-bran*es h be5 us$ 9 all ages z emblems ( life1 peace1 & victory4 ,!y 7 /rewn be=e ,*ri/4 ,palm-,sunday1 ! fea/ ( palms1 is /ill kept4 ,ev5 )9 ! pres5t #ai? c5tury1 on ?is fe/ival1 9 _m t[ns ( ,france1 wom5 & *ildr5 c>ri$ 9 procession at ! end ( _! palm-bran*es a phallus made ( bread1 :i* !y call$1 undisguis$ly1 'la p9e1' :5ce ! fe/ival 0 call$ ',la ,fete des ,p9nes4' ,! 'p9e' hav+ be5 ble/ by ! prie/1 ! wom5 c>efully pres]v$ x dur+ ! foll[+ ye> z an amulet 7,! ,assyrian ,grove74 #f4 ,feti*ism4 ,closely relat$ to ! =ego+ wor%ip is feti*ism1 ! wor%ip ( idols & images4 ,?is is popul>ly suppos$ to be ! religion only ( savages & b>b>ians2 b x also prevails to "s ext5t among p :o are consid]$ civiliz$ & enlight5$4 ,:ile x 0 oppos$ by "s ( ! k+s1 prie/s1 & prophets1 idolatry fl\ri%$ among ! ,jews f ! e>lie/ ages d[n almo/ to ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,abraham's fa!r1 ,t]ah1 0 an idolat] 7,jo%4 xxv1 #b74 ,jacob's wives 7 daught]s ( an idolat]4 ,ra*el /ole & hid h] fa!r's images 7,g54 xxxi1 #cj-cd74 ,jacob's family 71 = a "t at lea/1 idolat]s4 ,!n ,jacob said unto 8 h\sehold1 & all t 7 ) him1 ,put away ! /range gods t are among y4444 ,& !y gave unto ,jacob all ! /range gods t 7 9 _! h&s1 444 & ,jacob hid !m "u ! oak :i* 0 by ,%e*em 7,g54 xxxv1 #b-d74 ,! k+doms ( ,israel & ,judah 7 /eep$ 9 idolatry4 ,israel set !m up images & s]v$ idols 7#b ,k+s xvii1 #aj1 #aa71 & did (f] sweet savor to _! idols 7,ezek4 vi1 #ac74 ,judah 0 full ( idols 7,is4 ii1 #h74 ,! feti*ism ( ,*ri/'s ance/ors reappe>$ 9 ! image wor%ip ( 8 devotees4 ,! ,*ri/ians ( ! middle ages1 ,dr4 ,drap] says1 7 imm]s$ 9 feti*ism4 ,! wor%ip ( images1 ( fragm5ts ( ! cross1 or bones1 nails & o!r relics1 a true feti* wor%ip1 0 cultivat$ 7,conflict1 p4 #di74 ,a *ip ( ! true cross1 "s iron fil+s f ! *a9 ( ,/4 ,pet]1 a too? or bone ( a m>tyr1 7 held 9 adoration2 ! _w 0 full ( ! /up5d\s miracles :i* ^! relics _h p]=m$4 ,b especially 7 pa9t$ or grav5 images ( holy p]sonages suppos$ to be end[$ ) su* p[]s4 ,!y _h become objects ( actual wor%ip 7,intellectual ,developm5t ( ,europe1 vol4 i1 p4 #dad74 ,conc]n+ ! feti*ism ( ! *ur*1 ,*amb]s's ,encyclop$ia says3 ,x 0 usual n only to keep lights & burn inc5se be=e ! images1 to kiss !m rev]5tly2 & to kneel d[n & pray be=e !m1 b "s w5t s f> z to make ! images s]ve z godfa!rs & godmo!rs 9 baptism1 & ev5 to m+le ! du/ ( ! color+ matt] scrap$ f ! images ) ! ,eu*>i/ elem5ts 9 ! ,holy ,communion4444 ,9 _m =eign *ur*es1 especially 9 ,italy1 9 s\!rn ,g]many1 & 9 ,france at ! pres5t "t1 are to be f\nd images :i* are popul>ly reput$ z especially sacr$1 & to :i*1 or to pray]s (f]$ be=e :i*1 miracul\s effects are ascrib$4 ,bi%op ,newton1 ( ,engl&1 admits & deplores ! exi/5ce ( ,*ri/ian feti*ism4 ,he says3 ,! consecrat+ & b[+ d[n to images2 ! attribut+ ( miracul\s p[]s & virtues to idols2 ! sett+ up ( little oratories1 alt>s & /atues 9 ! /reets & highways & on ! tops ( m\nta9s2 ! c>ry+ ( images & relics 9 pomp\s procession1 444 all ^! are equally p>ts ( pagan & popi% sup]/ition4 ,greek1 ,lu!ran1 & ,anglican *ur*es are n free f feti*ism1 & ev5 ! ,evangelical *ur*es ( ?is c\ntry make a feti* ( a book4 #g4 ,poly!ism4 ,poly!ism1 ! doctr9e ( a plurality ( gods1 has prevail$ 9 e "p ( ! _w4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ pan!ons ( ! gods 7 ^? ( ,india1 ,egypt1 ,greece1 & ,rome4 ,! ,hebrews1 :o 7 poly!i/s1 borr[$ _! gods f ,assyria & ,babylonia4 ,! pan!on ( ^! nations compris$ twelve pr9cipal gods & ne>ly a ?\s& m9or deities4 ,! *ief ( ^! gods 0 ,el4 ,8 consort 0 ,ela?4 ,! ,hebrews wor%ip$ ,el "u ! "n ( ,el ,%addai & v>i\s o!r names4 ,elohim ( ! ,bible1 translat$ ,god1 d5otes ! plural & includ$ ,el & ! m9or gods :o surr\nd$ him4 ,yahweh1 ,iahveh1 ,jehovah1 etc41 z he is v>i\sly call$--= ,jews & ,*ri/ians _c spell & d n ev5 "k ! "n ( _! pr9cipal deity--is a god ( ,assyro-,babylonian orig94 ,9 addition to _! national god1 ,jehovah1 _m ( ! ,jews wor%ip$ ,baal1 ,molo*1 & ,tamm\z1 male deities1 & ,a/>te1 ,as*]a1 & ,i/>1 female deities4 ,t ! writ]s ( ! ,bible recogniz$ a plurality ( gods--7 poly!i/s--is prov$ by ! foll[+3 ,& ! ,"l ,god said1 ,behold1 ! man is become z "o ( u 7,g54 iii1 #bb74 ,:o is l unto !e1 ,o ,"l1 among ! gods8 7,ex4 xv1 #aa47 ,among ! gods1 !re is none l unto !e1 ,o ,"l 7,ps4 lxxxvi1 #h74 ,! ,"l is a great ,god1 & a great k+ above all gods 7,ps4 xcv1 #c74 ,?\ %alt n revile ! gods 7,ex4 xxii1 #bh74 ,mono!ism1 ! doctr9e ( "o god1 is n m]ely ! wor%ip ( "o god1 b ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( "o god only4 ,_m 7 mono!i/ic 9 wor%ip--wor%ip$ "o god1 _! national deity--:ile at ! same "t !y 7 poly!i/ic 9 belief--believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( _m gods4 ,! ,jews :o wor%ip$ ,jehovah h be5 call$ mono!i/s4 ,& yet1 = a ?\s& ye>s1 !y believ$ 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,kemo%1 ,baal1 ,molo*1 ,tamm\z1 & o!r deities4 ,!y believ$ t ,jehovah 0 _! national god & t !y ow$ allegiance to him2 j z ! subjects ( an e>?ly k+ pr(ess _! loyalty to him )\t d5y+ ! exi/5ce ( o!r k+s4 ,:ile ,*ri/ians pr(ess ,mono!ism !y are really poly!i/s--wor%ip ?ree gods--,fa!r 7,jehovah71 ,son 7,*ri/71 & ,holy ,gho/2 & recognize a god ( ,evil1 ,satan4 ,to ^! mu/ also be add$ a female deity1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :o is to ! dev\t ,ca?olic z mu* ( a div9ity z ,isis & ,v5us 7 to anci5t poly!i/s4 ,! canonization & adoration ( ! sa9ts1 too1 are analog\s to ! wor%ip ( ! inf]ior deities ( anci5t times4 ,aft] rec\nt+ :at he believes to be ! salut>y influ5ces ex]t$ by ! m$ieval conception ( ! ,virg91 ,lecky says3 ,b ! price1 & p]haps ! necess>y price1 ( ?is 0 ! exaltation ( ! ,virg9 z an omnipres5t deity ( inf9ite p[] z well z inf9ite condesc5sion4 ,! leg5ds repres5t$ h] z p]=m+ e k9d ( prodigy4444 ,! pa9t]s depict$ h] inve/$ ) ! div9e aureole1 judg+ m5 on equal t]ms ) h] ,son1 or ev5 reta9+ h] asc5dancy ov] him 9 heav54 ,9 ! devotions ( ! p %e 0 address$ 9 t]ms id5tical ) ^? employ$ to ! ,almighty4 ,a rev]5ce simil> 9 k9d b less 9 degree 0 soon be/[$ ^u ! o!r sa9ts1 :o spe$ily assum$ ! position ( ! m9or deities ( ,paganism 7,hi/ory ( ,rationalism1 ,vol4 ,i1 pp4 #bbf1 #bbg74 ,reg>d+ ! deification & wor%ip ( sa9ts ,hallam says3 ,e ca!dral or mona/]y _h its tutel> sa9t1 & e sa9t 8 leg5d1 fabricat$ 9 ord] to enri* ! *ur*es "u 8 protection1 by exagg]at+ 8 virtues1 8 miracles1 & consequ5tly 8 p[] ( s]v+ ^? :o paid lib]ally = 8 patronage4 ,_m ( ^? sa9ts 7 imag9>y p]sons2 sometimes a blund]$ inscription add$ a "n to ! cal5d>2 & sometimes1 x is said1 a hea!n god 0 surpris$ at ! company to :i* he 0 introduc$1 & ! rites ) :i* he 0 honor$ 7,middle ,ages1 p4 #fjc74 ,! *ur* hi/orian ,mo%eim admits & deplores ! tru? ( ?is3 ,x is1 at ! same "t1 z und\bt$ly c]ta91 z x is extravagant & mon/r\s1 t ! wor%ip ( ! m>tyrs 0 model$1 by degrees1 accord+ to ! religi\s s]vices t 7 paid to ! gods be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/ 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 p4 #ih74 ,bi%op ,newton says3 ,! v same temples1 ! v same images1 :i* 7 once consecrat$ to ,jupit] & ! o!r demons gods1 are n[ consecrat$ to ! ,virg9 ,m>y & ! o!r sa9ts4 ,milman says t at an e>ly p]iod ,*ri/ianity began to approa* to a poly!i/ic =m1 or at lea/ to p]mit :at x is difficult to call by any o!r "n ?an poly!i/ic1 habits & feel+s ( devotion 7,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #dbd74 #h4 ,mono!ism4 ,mono!ism1 z previ\sly /at$1 is ! doctr9e ( "o god only4 ,x has gradually displac$1 to a great ext5t1 ! feti*ism & poly!ism ( e>li] times4 ,comte's law ( human developm5t is z foll[s3 #a4 ,!ological1 or fictiti\s1 #b4 ,metaphysical1 or ab/ract1 #c4 ,sci5tific1 or positive4 ,9 ! ,!ological /ate1 ! human m9d1 seek+ ! ess5tial nature ( ?+s1 ! fir/ & f9al causes 7! orig9 & purpose7 ( all effects--9 %ort ,absolute k--supposes all ph5om5a to be produc$ by ! imm$iate action ( sup]natural be+s4 ,9 ! ,metaphysical /ate1 :i* is only a modification ( ! fir/1 ! m9d supposes1 in/ead ( sup]natural be+s1 ab/ract =ms1 v]itable entities 7t is1 p]sonifi$ ab/ractions7 inh]5t 9 all ?+s1 & capable ( produc+ all ph5om5a4 ,9 ! f9al1 ! ,positive /ate1 ! m9d has giv5 ov] ! va9 se>* aft] ,absolute notions1 ! orig9 & de/9ation ( ! univ]se1 & ! causes ( ph5om5a1 & applies itself to ! /udy ( _! laws--t is1 _! inv>iable relations ( succession & resemblance 7,positive ,philosophy1 pp4 #bf1 #bg74 ,! l[e/ /ate ( human developm5t is ! !ological4 ,"h ! masses ( mank9d /ill repose4 ,only ! s*ol>s & ?9k]s h advanc$ beyond ?is & _m ( ^! h only rea*$ ! second or metaphysical /ate4 ,! highe/ po9t 9 ! !ological /ate is mono!ism4 ,to ,judaism ,*ri/ians ascribe ! glory ( hav+ be5 ! fir/ religion to tea* a pure mono!ism4 ,b mono!ism exi/$ long be=e ! ,jews atta9$ to x4 ,zoroa/] & 8 e>lie/ foll[]s 7 mono!i/s1 dualism be+ a lat] developm5t ( ! ,p]sian !ology4 ,! adoption ( mono!ism by ! ,jews1 :i* occurr$ only at a v late p]iod 9 _! hi/ory1 0 n1 h[ev]1 ! result ( a div9e revelation1 or ev5 ( an intellectual sup]iority1 = ! ,jews 7 immeasurably inf]ior intellectually to ! ,greeks & ,romans1 to ! ,h9dus & ,egyptians1 & to ! ,assyrians & ,babylonians1 :o are suppos$ to h reta9$ a belief 9 poly!ism4 ,?is mono!ism ( ! ,jews 0 *iefly ! result ( a religi\s intol]ance nev] be=e equal$ & nev] s9ce surpass$1 except 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity & ,mohamm$anism1 ! daught]s ( ,judaism4 ,jehovi/ic prie/s & k+s tol]at$ no rivals ( _! god & made dea? ! p5alty = disloyalty to him4 ,! ,jewi% nation became mono!i/ic = ! same reason t ,spa91 9 ! clut*es ( ! ,inquisition1 became entirely ,*ri/ian4 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? & 8 disciples1 if !y exi/$1 7 probably mono!i/s1 believ$ t ,jehovah 0 ! only ,god1 & nei!r believ$ nor claim$ t ,jesus 0 o!r ?an ! son ( man4 ,z g5]ations pass$ ! man became obscur$1 8 de$s 7 magnifi$ until at l5g? he 0 accept$ z ! ,son ( ,god1 & a ,god himself4 ,! deification ( ,jesus1 !n1 toge!r ) ! apo!osis ( o!r mortals1 _c be reg>d$ z an evolution f ,jewi% mono!ism to a high] plane1 b r z a relapse f mono!ism to poly!ism4 #i4 ,! ,m$iatorial ,idea4 ,?is idea _h its orig9 *iefly 9 ! wor%ip ( ! elem5ts & =ces ( nature by primitive man4 ,he believ$ t ^! elem5ts & =ces 7 intellig5t be+s4 ,he realiz$ t 9 _! pres5ce he 0 9 a measure helpless4 ,he !re=e s\ght to w9 _! favor & appease _! wra?4 ,he made (f]+s to !m2 he pray$ to !m2 he wor%ip$ !m4 ,b o!r m51 m wise1 m cunn+1 & m =tunate1 appe>$ to h great] influ5ce ) ^! deities4 ,he employ$ !m to int]c$e = him2 & ?us ! prie/hood 0 e/abli%$4 ,! prie/ 0 ! fir/ m$iator4 ,m complex religi\s sy/ems 7 9 "t evolv$1 & 9 "s ( !m m$iatorial gods appe>$4 ,! m$iatorial idea 0 prom95t 9 ! ,p]sian sy/em4 ,mi?ra 0 ! ,p]sian m$iator4 ,! wor%ip ( ,mi?ra 0 c>ri$ to ,rome & ! ,romans became acqua9t$ ) ! m$iatorial idea4 ,9 an exposition ( ,philo's philosophy1 ,mrs4 ,evans says3 ,! mo/ exalt$ spirits are able to raise !mselves to ! pure ess5ce & f9d peace & joy :i* e>?ly conditions _c di/urb2 b weak] natures ne$ a help] 9 a ,be+1 :o1 com+ f above1 c dwell bel[ & lift _! s\ls to ,god4 ,! majority ( mank9d1 9 _! passage along ! slipp]y pa? ( life1 are sure to fall1 & w\ld p]i% if x 7 n = a m$iator betwe5 !mselves & ,god4444 ,! p[] ( ! ,caes>s1 culm9at+ 9 ,augu/us1 enabl$ !m to claim div9e honors f ! p1 already dispos$ to see 9 !m *os5 ag5ts ( cele/ial sov]eignty4 ,rome1 accord+ to ! expression ( ,val]ius ,maximus1 recogniz$ 9 ! ,caes>s ! m$iators betwe5 heav5 & e>?4 ,& t 0 be=e ,*ri/ianity introduc$ its ano9t$ m$iator 7,! ,*ri/ ,my?1 pp4 #ij1 #ib74 ,! ,god ( ! ,jews1 to quote ! words ( ,jeff]son1 0 cruel1 v9dictive1 caprici\s & unju/4 ,he _h curs$ 8 creation2 he _h dr[n$ a _w2 he _h impos$ ! s5t5ce ( dea?--spiritual z well z physical--^u 8 *ildr54 ,to placate ?is mon/]1 to induce him to remit ?is s5t5ce1 ! prie/s 7 p[]less4 ,millions ( animals1 & ev5 human be+s1 _h be5 sacrific$ to him 9 va94 ,at l5g? 8 only begott5 son1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 (f]$ himself z a sacrifice to atone = ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,! sacrifice 0 accept$1 & a reconciliation 0 effect$ betwe5 ,god & man4 ,?us ,*ri/ became ! great m$iator ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re is "o ,god1 & "o m$iator betwe5 ,god & m51 ! man ,*ri/ ,jesus 7#a ,tim4 ii1 #e74 ,he is ! m$iator ( ! new te/am5t 7,heb4 ix1 #ae74 ,f ,p]sia & f ,rome ?is m$iatorial ,god has come4 #aj4 ,! ,messianic ,idea4 ,! desire = a deliv]] naturally arises 9 ! m9ds ( a p :o are 9 subjection & bondage4 ,?is desire 0 ! g]m ( ! ,messianic idea4 ,:ile !re are traces ( ?is idea 9 ! e>li] writ+s ( ! ,hebrews1 x rea*$ its highe/ developm5t dur+ & imm$iately foll[+ ! ,captivity1 & aga9 9 ! ,maccabean age4 ,! ,messiah ( ,judaism & ! ,messiah1 or ,*ri/1 ( ,*ri/ianity1 7 d]iv$ f ! ,p]sian !ology1 ! adh]5ts ( ea* sy/em modify+ ! doctr9e to suit _! respective notions4 ,9 its article on ,zoroa/]1 ,*amb]s's ,encyclop$ia says3 ,!re is an important elem5t to be notic$1 viz41 ! ,messiah1 or ,sosio%1 f :om ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian notions ( a ,messiah are held by _m to h be5 d]iv$4444 ,ev5 a sup]ficial glance at ?is sket* w %[ our read]s :at v close p>allels betwe5 ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian notions on ! "o h&1 & ! ,zoroa/rian on ! o!r1 are to be drawn4 ,*ri/ians cite num]\s passages f ! writ+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* !y claim =etold ! adv5t ( ,jesus4 ,n "o ( ^! passages1 z orig9ally p5n$1 ref]s 9 ! remote/ degree to him1 ?\gh _m ( !m d ref] to ! (fice he is said to h fill$4 ,! ,jews hop$ = a deliv]]1 = a national lead] :o w\ld ree/abli% ! k+dom ( ,israel1 & re/ore to x ! glory ( ,david's reign4 ,!y 7 loyal to ! h\se ( ,david & believ$ t ?is deliv]] w\ld be a desc5dant1 a son1 ( ,david4 ,pieti/s1 too1 9 ! f]vor ( _! religi\s en?usiasm dream$ ( univ]sal conv]sion to ! ,jehovi/ic !ocracy4 ,9 ! writ+s ( _! prophets & poets ^! hopes & dreams f\nd expression4 ,i h made a cov5ant ) my *os51 ,i h sworn unto ,david1 my s]vant1 ?y se$ w ,i e/abli% =ev]1 & build up ?y ?rone to all g5]ations 7,ps4 xxxix1 #c1 #d74 ,& ! k+dom & dom9ion1 & ! greatness ( ! k+dom "u ! :ole heav51 %all be giv5 to ! p ( ! sa9ts ( ! mo/ ,high1 ^: k+dom is an ev]la/+ k+dom1 & all dom9ions %all s]ve & obey him 7,dan4 vii1 #bg74 ,:ile ! ,messianic idea 0 orig9ally a ,p]sian idea1 ! mat]ials us$ 9 ! =mation ( ! ,*ri/ian ,messiah 7 drawn l>gely f ! ,jewi% ,scriptures4 ,!re are passages 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 z we h se51 :i* pr$ict ! com+ ( a ,messiah4 ,^! furni%$ a portion ( ! mat]ials out ( :i* ?is ,messianic deity1 ,*ri/1 0 =m$4 ,!re are _m m :i* h no ref]5ce :atev] to a ,messiah :i* h be5 made to s]ve z ,messianic prophecies4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t1 z we h x1 is alleg$ to be a ,jewi% "w4 ,x is1 r1 a ,*ri/ian "w4 ,x is a ,*ri/ian v]sion ( anci5t ,jewi% writ+s1 e book ( :i* has be5 m or less ,*ri/ianiz$4 ,mu* ( x is sc>cely recognizable to a ,jewi% s*ol>4 ,?is is especially true ( s-call$ ,messianic prophecies4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,messiah 01 on ! "o h&1 model$1 to a consid]able ext5t1 aft] ! ,jewi% ideal1 :ile ! ,jewi% mat]ials1 on ! o!r h&1 7 freely alt]$ to fit ! new conception4 ,ref]r+ to ! "w ( ! ,evangeli/s1 ,m4 ,r5an says3 ,sometimes !y reason$ ?us3 ',! ,messiah ought to d su* a ?+2 n[ ,jesus is ! ,messiah1 !re=e ,jesus has done su* a ?+4' ,at o!r times1 by an inv]se process1 x 0 said3 ',su* a ?+ has happ5$ to ,jesus2 n[ ,jesus is ! ,messiah2 !re=e su* a ?+ 0 to happ5 to ! ,messiah4' 7,jesus1 p4 #bg74 ,t ! s-call$ ,messianic prophecies ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures 7 ! imm$iate s\rce ( ! ,*ri/ is app>5t4 ,t he 01 h[ev]1 m]ely a borr[$ idea & n a hi/orical realization ( ^! prophecies is equally app>5t4 ,! ,jews 7 expect+ a ,messiah4 ,_h ,jesus realiz$ ^! expectations !y w\ld h accept$ him4 ,b he did n realize !m4 ,^! prophecies 7 n fulfill$ 9 him4 ,he 0 n a son ( ,david2 he did n deliv] 8 race f bondage2 he did n become a k+2 ! important ev5ts t 7 to att5d & foll[ ,messiah's adv5t =m no "p ev5 ( 8 alleg$ hi/ory4 ,8 rejection by ! ,jews proves him to be ei!r a false ,messiah1 or an imag9>y be+--a hi/orical my?1 or a pure my?--9 ei!r case a my?4 ,! ,jewi% argum5t aga9/ ,jesus z ! ,messiah is unansw]able3 ,we d n f9d 9 ! pres5t comp>atively imp]fect /age ( human progress ! realization ( t bless$ condition ( mank9d :i* ! prophet ,isaiah associates ) ! era :5 ,messiah is to appe>4 ,& z our ,hebrew ,scriptures speak ( "o ,messianic adv5t only1 & n ( two adv5ts2 & z ! inspir$ ,book does n prea* ,messiah's k+dom z a matt] ( fai?1 b di/9ctly id5tifies x ) matt]s ( fact :i* are to be made evid5t to ! s5ses1 we cl+ to ! pla9 inf]5ce to be drawn f ! text ( ! ,bible1 & we d5y t ,messiah has yet appe>$1 & ^u ! foll[+ gr\nds3 ,fir/1 because ( ! ?ree di/9ctive facts :i* ! inspir$ se] ( ,judah insep>ably connects ) ! adv5t ( ! ,messiah1 viz41 7#a7 ! cessation ( w> & ! un9t]rupt$ reign ( peace1 7#b7 ! preval5ce ( a p]fect concord ( op9ion on all matt]s be>+ ^u ! wor%ip ( ! "o & only ,god1 & 7#c7 ! +a!r+ ( ! remnant ( ,judah & ( ! disp]s$ t5 tribes ( ,israel--n "o has1 up to ! pres5t "t1 be5 accompli%$4 ,second1 we diss5t f ! proposition t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? is ! ,messiah ann\nc$ by ! prophets1 because ! *ur* :i* he f\nd$1 & :i* 8 successors develop$1 has (f]$1 dur+ a succession ( c5turies1 mo/ s+ul> contra/ to :at is describ$ by ! ,hebrew ,scriptures z ! imm$iate consequ5ce ( ,messiah's adv5t1 & ( 8 glori\s k+dom4 ,! prophet ,isaiah decl>es t :5 ! ,messiah appe>s1 peace1 love1 & union w be p]man5tly e/abli%$2 & e c&id man mu/ admit t ! _w has n realiz$ ! accompli%m5t ( ?is prophecy4 ,aga91 9 ! days ( ,messiah1 all m51 z ,scripture sai?1 'are to s]ve ,god ) "o accord'2 & yet x is v c]ta9 t s9ce ! appe>ance ( him :om ,*ri/ians believe to be ,messiah1 mank9d has be5 split into m ho/ile divisions on ! gr\nd ( religi\s belief1 & m antagoni/ic sects h sprung up1 ?an 9 any hi/oric age be=e ,*ri/ianity 0 prea*$4 ,) or?odox ,jews ! belief 9 a ,messiah is a deep root$ conviction4 ,= #bejj ye>s !re has be5 display$ 9 front ( ! synagogue ?is sign3 ,want$--a ,messiah4 ,dur+ ?is "t _m1 includ+ ,jesus1 ,b>-,co*eba1 ,moses ( ,c&ia1 & ,sabatai ,zevi1 h appli$ = ! place1 b all applicants h be5 reject$1 & ! ,messianic pr$ictions ( ! ,jewi% prophets are yet to be fulfill$4 ,s1 too1 are ^? ( ! ,p]sian prophet4 ,9 ! meantime ! foll[]s ( ,jesus--turn+ f ! ,jews to ! ,g5tiles--h f ?is borr[$ idea evolv$ a deity :o divides ) ,brahma1 ,buddha1 & ,allah1 ! wor%ip ( ! _w4 #aa4 ,! ,logos 7,^w74 ,! exaltation & deification ( ,jesus is ?us describ$ by ! ,dut* !ologian1 ,dr4 ,hooykaas3 ,:5 ,jesus 0 gone1 ^? :o _h kn[n him p]sonally ins5sibly surr\nd$ him ) a glory t %one at la/ ) a m ?an human spl5dor4 ,! spiritual bless+s :i* fl[$ 9 ev] ri* measure f 8 p]son & 8 gospel compell$ ! ,*ri/ians to exalt him ev] m & m4 ,! title ( ,son ( ,god1 :i* 8 foll[]s _h giv5 him z ! future ,messiah1 0 ela/ic & ambigu\s en\gh to l5d itself v readily to ?is process4 ,! idea ( 8 be+ ! ,messiah n[ no long] suffic$2 he 0 some?+ o!r & some?+ f> m ?an ! ,jewi% ,messiah4 ,! philosophy & !ology ( ! day 7 laid "u contribution2 & no?+ c\ld s well indicate 8 significance = all humanity & 8 unapproa*able exaltation z ! idea t he 0 ! ,^w 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 pp4 #fgj1 #fga74 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,logos1 or ,^w1 z an emanation or ess5ce ( div9e wisdom is v old4 ,x is f\nd 9 ! anci5t religions ( ,egypt & ,india4 ,x 0 recogniz$ 9 ! ,p]sian !ology1 & 0 incorporat$ into ! ,jewi% !ology by ! ,babylonian exiles4 ,x con/itutes an important elem5t 9 ! ,platonic philosophy4 ,x receiv$ its highe/ developm5t & exposition 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,jewi% philosoph] ,philo1 a contempor>y ( ,jesus4 ,conc]n+ ! ,logos1 ,dean ,milman1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 says3 ,?is ,be+ 0 m or less di/9ctly imp]sonat$1 accord+ to ! m popul> or m philosophic1 ! m mat]ial or ! m ab/ract1 notions ( ! age ( ! p4 ,?is 0 ! doctr9e f ! ,ganges1 or ev5 ! %ores ( ! ,yell[ ,sea1 to ! ,ilissus3 x 0 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! ,indian religion & ! ,indian philosophy2 x 0 ! basis ( ,zoroa/rianism2 x 0 pure ,platonism2 x 0 ! ,platonic ,judaism ( ! ,alex&rian s*ool4 ,ano!r ,engli% cl]gyman1 ,mr4 ,lake1 says3 ,we c trace its ! ,^w's bir?place 9 ! philosophic speculations ( ! anci5t _w2 we c note its gradual developm5t & gr[?2 we c see x 9 its e>ly y\? pass+ 7?r\gh ,philo & o!rs71 f ,grecian philosophy into ! curr5t ( ,jewi% ?\ght 7,philo1 ,plato1 & ,paul1 p4 #ga74 ,! pres5tation ( ,jesus z an inc>nation ( ! ,logos belongs to ! second c5tury & is prom95t 9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel4 ,! ideas are *iefly ^? ( ,plato & ,philo4 ,plato's tr9ity 0 ,?\ght1 ,^w & ,de$4 ,! ,^w occupies ! second place 9 ! ,platonic tr9ity z x does 9 ! ,*ri/ian tr9ity4 ,t ! au?or ( ! gospel ( ,john1 writt5 m ?an a c5tury aft] ! "t ( ,philo1 borr[$ l>gely f t philosoph]1 is %[n by ! foll[+ p>allels drawn f _! writ+s3 ,philo4--,! ,logos is ! ,son ( ,god 7,de ,pr(ugis74 ,john4--,?is ! ,^w is ! ,son ( ,god 7i1 #cd74 ,philo4--,! ,logos is consid]$ ! same z ,god 7,de ,somniis74 ,john4--,! ,^w 0 ,god 7i1 #a74 ,philo4--,he ! ,logos 0 be=e all ?+s 7,de ,leg4 ,allegor74 ,john4--,! same ! ,^w 0 9 ! beg9n+ ) ,god 7i1 #b74 ,philo4--,! ,logos is ! ag5t by :om ! _w 0 made 7,de ,leg4 ,allegor74 ,john4--,all ?+s 7 made by him ! ,^w 7i1 #c74 ,philo4--,! ,logos is ! light ( ! _w 7,de ,somniis74 ,john4--,! ,^w 0 ! true light 7i1 #i74 ,philo4--,! ,logos only c see ,god 7,de ,confus4 ,l+474 ,john4--,no man ha? se5 ,god4444 ,he ! ,^w ha? decl>$ him 7i1 #ah74 #ab4 ,! ,p]fect ,man4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s at lea/ five diff]5t my?ical types or conceptions ( ,jesus ,*ri/3 #a4 ,! ,messiah ( ! synoptics1 omitt+ ! op5+ *apt]s ( ,mat!w & ,luke4 #b4 ,! ,son ( ,god1 or demi-god1 introduc$ 9 ^! op5+ *apt]s4 #c4 ,! inc>nate ,logos or ,god ( ,john4 #d4 ,! ,*ri/ ( ,paul4 #e4 ,elim9at+ ^! m or less sup]natural types1 !re rema9s 9 ^! writ+s1 9 addition to ! purely natural & purely human ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 a type kn[n z ! ,ideal or ,p]fect ,alan4 ,?is type is n only my?ical1 b1 9 ! /rict] s5se1 sup]natural & sup]human2 = ! p]fect man mu/ always rema9 an ideal r ?an a real type ( man4 ,! la/ type is believ$ by _m to repres5t ! primal /age 9 ! deification ( ,jesus4 ,?is conception ( ,jesus has be5 held by _m ,rationali/ic ,*ri/ians1 & by "s cons]vative ,rationali/s 9 all ages4 ,?is1 too1 =ms a "p ( ! duali/ic conception ( ,*ri/ ent]ta9$ by or?odox ,*ri/ians1 a conception :i* supposes him to h comb9$ 9 8 inc>nation bo? a human & a div9e elem5t :i* made him bo? man & ,god4 ,! portrayal ( ! vic>i\s suff]+ & dea? ( ?is man has be5 "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful ag5ts 9 ! propagation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! mold]s ( primitive ,*ri/ianity 7 greatly influ5c$ by v>i\s philosophical speculations--by ! tea*+s ( ,py?agoras & ,plato among ! e>li]1 & by ! writ+s ( ,philo & ,s5eca among ! lat] philosoph]s4 ,to ,philo1 we h se51 !y 7 indebt$ l>gely = ! ,logos2 to ,s5eca !y 7 indebt$ *iefly = ! ,ideal or ,p]fect ,man4 ,! foll[+ extracts are f ,! ,*ri/ ,my? ( ,mrs4 ,evans3 ,s5eca advises ! *]i%+ ( a hope t victory 9 ! =m ( a wise man w f9ally appe>1 because humanity requires t ! exemplification ( p]fection %\ld be visible4 ,s5eca's conception ( p]fect humanity 0 a comb9ation ( ! wise man ( ! ,platoni/s & ,/oics & ! g5tle suff]] :o endures insult & sorr[4 ,! ,logos ( ,philo 0 too e!real to answ] all ! dem&s ( feeble humanity4 ,! ,god-man mu/ live & suff] & die among & = ! p 9 ord] to make ! sacrifice complete4 ,philo end[$ ! ,logos ( ,h]aclitus ) ! au?ority ( a prie/ly m$iator1 :o1 float+ betwe5 e>? & heav51 br+s ,god & man toge!r2 ,s5eca places ?is m$iator z a suff]+ man among m54 ,philo1 f 8 ,jewi% /&po9t1 made ! ,logos ! prie/ly int]cessor2 ,s5eca1 f ! /&po9t ( 8 ,/oical society1 believ$ 9 ! possibility ( a p]fect man z savior & guide ( weak] m54 ,cognizant ( ! /rik+ resemblance betwe5 "s ( ! writ+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & ! writ+s ( ! ,/oics1 p>ticul>ly ( ,s5eca1 mod]n ,*ri/ian apologi/s affect to believe t ?is philosoph] 0 acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory & ! gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,b ! ,/oical philosophy prop\nd$ by ,s5eca _h be5 =m+ ev] s9ce ! "t ( ,z5o1 ?ree c5turies be=e ! "t ( ,*ri/4 ,s5eca himself 0 born be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & no "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 9 exi/5ce :5 he wrote4 ,relative to ?is cont5tion ,lecky writes3 ,x is admitt$ t ! greate/ morali/s ( ! ,roman empire ei!r nev] m5tion$ ,*ri/ianity1 or m5tion$ x ) contempt4444 ,! ,jews1 ) :om ! ,*ri/ians 7 !n id5tifi$1 he 7,s5eca7 emphatically describes z 'an accurs$ race4' 7,european ,morals1 vol4 #a1 pp4 #cdj1 #cdb74 ,dur+ ! second & ?ird c5turies ,*ri/ian s*ol>s ransack$ ,pagan lit]ature = recognitions ( ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity4 ,reg>d+ ?is1 ,lecky says3 ,at ! "t1 :5 ! passion = discov]+ ^! connections 0 mo/ extravagant1 ! notion ( ,s5eca & 8 foll[]s be+ inspir$ by ! ,*ri/ians 0 unkn[n 7,ibid1 p4 #cdf74 ,gibbon says3 ,! new sect ,*ri/ians is totally unnotic$ by ,s5eca 7,rome1 vol4 i1 #ehg1 note74 ,out ( all ^! v>i\s religi\s sy/ems & doctr9es--out ( sex wor%ip & sun wor%ip--out ( ! wor%ip ( ! />s & ! wor%ip ( ! elem5ts--out ( ! wor%ip ( animals & ! wor%ip ( idols--out ( ,poly!ism & ,mono!ism--out ( ! ,m$iatorial & ,messianic ideas--out ( ! ,logos & ! ,ideal ,man ( ! philosoph]s--?is ,*ri/ has come4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,s\rces ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ ,,my?--,,pagan ,,div9ities4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] ,i h notic$ "s ( ! typical religi\s sy/ems & beliefs f :i* ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity 7 to a great ext5t d]iv$4 ,i %all next notice m p>ticul>ly "s ( ! s-call$ div9e be+s--"s ( ! gods1 & "s ( ! mortals end[$ ) sup]natural gifts1 belong+ to ^! sy/ems4 ,i %all %[ t !re 7 _m sons ( gods besides ,jehovah's only begott5 ,son2 t ea* ( !m possess$ "s attribute possess$ by him2 t all ( !m liv$ or exi/$ 9 ! m9ds ( m51 c5turies be=e 8 "t2 & t _m ( !m 7 prototypes ( him1 & furni%$ 9 a l>ge degree ! ideas :i* sugge/$ him1 or :i* are associat$ ) him & 8 religion4 ,my li/ w comprise ! foll[+1 all ( :om 7 believ$ by _! wor%ip]s or foll[]s to be ( div9e desc5t3 ,kri%na1 ,buddha1 ,confucius1 ,la\-tsze1 ,zoroa/]1 ,mi?ra1 ,sosio%1 ,adonis1 ,osiris1 ,horus1 ,zeus1 ,apollo1 ,p]seus1 ,h]cules1 ,dionysos1 ,prome!us1 ,esculapius1 ,plato1 ,py?agoras1 ,bac*us1 ,saturn1 ,quir9us1 ,od91 ,?or1 & ,baldur4 ,kri%na4 ,kri%na 0 ! eigh? ,avat> or inc>nation ( ! god ,vi%nu1 "o ( ! ,h9doo ,tr9ity4 ,9 ?is inc>nation ,vi%nu1 x is said1 appe>$ 9 all ! fullness ( 8 p[] & glory4 ,8 "m 0 ,devaki4 ,he is believ$ to be a hi/orical "*1 b 8 real hi/ory1 l t ( ,jesus1 is almo/ entirely obscur$ by my?s4 ,he liv$ f #ijj to #a1bjj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! /ory ( 8 life is to be f\nd 9 ! ,bhagavat1 "o ( ! ,puranas1 :ile 8 religi\s tea*+s are giv5 9 ! ,bhagavad-,gita1 a poem belong+ to ! ,mahab>ata4 ,! po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 ,kri%na & ,*ri/ t h be5 pr9t$ w\ld fill a volume4 ,"s ( ^! are apocryphal1 & n confirm$ by ! canonical scriptures ( ,india4 ,! limits ( ?is *apt] preclude an ext5d$ li/ ev5 ( ! und\bt$ly g5u9e4 ,i %all conf9e myself *iefly to a pres5tation ( ! mo/ important ones relat+ to _! bir?s4 ,^!1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian translator ( ! ,bhagavat ,purana1 ,rev4 ,?omas ,maurice1 are z foll[s3 #a4 ,bo? 7 miracul\sly conceiv$4 #b4 ,bo? 7 div9e inc>nations4 #c4 ,bo? 7 ( royal desc5t4 #d4 ,devatas or angels sang songs ( praise at ! bir? ( ea*4 #e4 ,bo? 7 visit$ by neighbor+ %eph]ds4 #f4 ,9 bo? cases ! reign+ mon>*1 fe>+ t he w\ld be supplant$ 9 8 k+dom by ! div9e *ild1 s\ght to de/roy him4 #g4 ,bo? 7 sav$ by fri5ds :o fl$ ) !m 9 ! night to di/ant c\ntries4 #h4 ,foil$ 9 _! attempts to discov] ! babes bo? k+s issu$ decrees t all ! infants %\ld be put to dea?4 ,writ+ ( ,kri%na 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 ,sir ,william ,jones says3 ,9 ! ,sanscrit diction>y1 compil$ m ?an two ?\s& ye>s ago1 we h ! :ole hi/ory ( ! inc>nate deity1 born ( a virg91 & miracul\sly escap+ 9 infancy f ! reign+ tyrant ( 8 c\ntry 7,asiatic ,rese>*es1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bgc74 ,! subsequ5t c>e]s ( ^! deities are analog\s 9 _m respects4 ,_! missions 7 ! same--! salvation ( mank9d4 ,bo? p]=m$ miracles--heal$ ! sick & rais$ ! dead4 ,bo? di$ = man by man4 ,!re is a tradition1 ?\gh n to be f\nd 9 ! ,h9doo scriptures1 t ,kri%na1 l ,*ri/1 0 crucifi$4 ,v>i\s incid5ts record$ 9 ! life ( ,*ri/ 7 d\btless sugge/$ by simil> incid5ts 9 ! life ( ,kri%na4 ,he wa%$ ! feet ( 8 disciples because ,kri%na _h wa%$ ! feet ( ! ,brahm9s4 ,he taught 8 disciples ! possibility ( remov+ a m\nta91 because ,kri%na1 to protect 8 wor%ip]s f ! wra? ( ,indra1 rais$ ,m\nt ,gov]dh5 above !m4 ,8 p>5ts 9 _! flight ) him1 z relat$ 9 ! ,gospel ( ! ,infancy1 /opp$ at a place call$ ,maturea4 ,kri%na 0 born at ,ma?ura4 ,! e>lie/ foll[]s ( ea* 7 f ! l[] classes ( society1 ^? ( ,kri%na be+ h]dsm5 & milkmaids4 ,*ri/'s mo/ ard5t wor%ip]s h f ! fir/ be5 wom54 ,*ri%na1 to quote ! au?ority la/ m5tion$1 cont9ues to ?is h\r ! d>l+ god ( ! wom5 ( ,india4 ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia notes ! foll[+ ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ,kri%na :i* correspond ) ^? relat$ ( ,*ri/3 ,t he 0 miracul\sly born at midnight ( a human "m1 & salut$ by a *orus ( ,devatas angels2 t he 0 cradl$ among c[h]ds1 dur+ :i* p]iod ( life he 0 p]secut$ by ! giant ,kansa1 & sav$ by 8 "m's flight2 ! miracles ) :i* 8 life ab\nds1 among :i* 7 ! rais+ ( ! dead & ! cleans+ ( ! lepr\s 7,art4 ,kri%na74 ,! celebrat$ mission>y & travel]1 ,p]e ,huc1 :o made a j\rney ( sev]al ?\s& miles ?r\gh ,*9a & ,?ibet1 says3 ,if we address$ a ,mogul or ,?ibetan ?is "q1 ,:o is ,kri%na8 ! reply 0 in/antly1 ',! savior ( m54' ,all t conv]t+ ! ,h9doos to ,*ri/ianity does = !m1 says ,rob]t ,*eyne1 is to *ange ! object ( _! wor%ip f ,kri%na to ,*ri/4 ,( ,kri%na's gospel1 ! ,bhagavad-,gita1 ,appleton's ,cyclop$ia says3 ,its correspond5ce ) ! ,new ,te/am5t is inde$ /rik+4 ,! p>allels betwe5 ,kri%na & ,*ri/ to be f\nd 9 ! ,h9doo scriptures & ! ,*ri/ian ,gospels are too num]\s & too exact to be accid5tal4 ,! leg5ds ( ! "o 7 borr[$ f ! o!r4 ,x is admitt$ by ,*ri/ian s*ol>s t ,kri%na liv$ _m c5turies be=e ,*ri/4 ,to admit ! priority ( ! ,kri%na leg5ds is to d5y1 to ?is ext5t1 ! orig9ality ( ! ,gospels4 ,to break ! =ce ( ! logical conclusion to be drawn f ?is "s argue t :ile ,kri%na himself ant$at$ ,*ri/1 ! leg5ds conc]n+ him are ( lat] orig9 & borr[$ f ! ,evangeli/s4 ,reg>d+ ?is cont5tion ,judge ,waite1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,religion1 says3 ,"h !n1 we h ! old] religion & ! old] god4 ,?is1 9 ! abs5ce ( any evid5ce on ! o!r side1 ought to settle ! "q4 ,to assume )\t evid5ce t ! old] religion has be5 int]polat$ f ! lat]1 & t ! leg5ds ( ! old] h]o h be5 made to con=m to ! hi/ory ( a lat] "*1 is worse ?an illogical--x is absurd4 ,sir ,william ,jones1 "o ( ! be/ ,*ri/ian au?orities on ,sanscrit lit]ature1 & ! translator ( ! ,bhagavad-,gita1 says3 ,t ! "n ( ,kri%na1 & ! g5]al outl9e ( 8 hi/ory1 7 long ant]ior to ! bir? ( our ,savior1 & probably to ! "t ( ,hom] #iej ,b4 ,c41 we "k v c]ta9ly 7,asiatic ,rese>*es1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #bed74 ,buddha4 ,! n9? inc>nation ( ,vi%nu 0 ,buddha4 ,! ^w ,buddha1 l ! ^w ,*ri/1 is n a "n1 b a title4 ,x means ! enlight5$ "o4 ,! "n ( ?is religi\s f\nd] 0 ,siddh>?a ,gautama4 ,he 0 born ab\t #fdc ,b4 ,c41 & di$ #efc ,b4 ,c4 ,8 "m1 ,mahamaya1 0 a virg94 ,dean ,milman1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 says3 ,budh1 accord+ to a tradition kn[n 9 ! ,we/1 0 born ( a virg9 7,vol4 ,i1 p4 #ii1 note74 ,devaki1 ,m>y1 & ,mahamaya1 all gave bir? to _! *ildr5 among /rang]s4 ,kri%na 0 born 9 a prison1 ,*ri/ 9 a /able1 & ,buddha 9 a g>d54 ,w]n]'s ,encyclop$ia1 9 its article on ,buddha1 speaks ( ! m>vel\s /ories :i* ga!r$ r\nd ! belief 9 8 volunt>y inc>nation1 ! miracles at 8 bir?1 ! prophecies ( ! ag$ sa9t at 8 =mal pres5tation to 8 fa!r1 & h[ nature alt]$ h] c\rse to keep a %ad[ ov] 8 cradle1 :il/ ! sages f af> came & wor%ip$ him4 ,! ,tripitaka1 ! pr9cipal ,bible ( ! ,buddhi/s1 conta9+ ! hi/ory & tea*+s ( ,buddha1 is a collection ( books writt5 9 ! c5turies imm$iately foll[+ ,buddha4 ,! canon 0 f9ally det]m9$ at ! ,c\ncil ( ,pataliputra1 held "u ! auspices ( ! ,emp]or ,asoka ! ,great1 #bdd ,b4 ,c41 m ?an #fjj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian canon 0 e/abli%$4 ,! ,lalita ,vi/>a1 ! sacr$ book ( ! ,nor!rn ,buddhi/s1 0 writt5 long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,buddha 0 ab\t #cj ye>s old :5 he began 8 m9i/ry4 ,he fa/$ sev5 times sev5 nights & days4 ,he _h a b& ( disciples :o accompani$ him4 ,he travel$ f place to place & prea*$ to l>ge multitudes4 ,bi%op ,big&et calls 8 fir/ s]mon ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,at 8 ,r5unciation he =sook fa!r & "m1 wife & *ild4 ,8 mission 0 to e/abli% ! k+dom ( righte\sness4 ,buddha1 says ,max ,mull]1 promis$ salvation to all2 & he comm&$ 8 disciples to prea* 8 doctr9e 9 all places & to all m54 ,self-conque/ & univ]sal *>ity are ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( 8 religion4 ,he enjo9$ humility1 & comm&$ 8 foll[]s to conceal _! *>ities4 ,return good = evil2 ov]come ang] ) love2 love y\r enemies1 7 "s ( 8 precepts4 ,buddha =mulat$ ! foll[+ comm&m5ts3 ,n to kill2 n to /eal2 n to lie2 n to commit adult]y2 n to use /rong dr9k4 ,*ri/ said3 ,?\ kn[e/ ! comm&m5ts1 d n commit adult]y2 d n kill2 d n /eal2 d n be> false witness2 honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m 7,luke xviii1 #bj74 ,*ri/ ignor$ ! ,decalogue ( ,moses &1 l ,buddha1 pres5t$ a p5tade :i*1 ) ! exception ( "o comm&m5t1 is ! same z t ( ,buddha4 ,pr(4 ,seydel1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipsic1 po9ts out fifty analogies betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,buddhism4 ,dr4 ,s*leid5 calls att5tion to ov] "o hundr$4 ,b>on ,h>d5-,hickey says3 ,c\ntless analogies exi/ betwe5 ! ,buddhi/ic & ,*ri/ian leg5ds--analogies s /rik+ t !y =cibly prove to an imp>tial m9d t a common orig9 mu/ necess>ily be giv5 to ! tea*+s ( ,sakay-,muni & ^? ( ,jesus4 ,conc]n+ ! biographical acc\nts ( ! two religi\s tea*]s ,h>d5-,hickey says3 ,"o acc\nt mu/ necess>ily be a copy ( ! o!r1 & s9ce ! ,buddhi/ biograph]1 liv+ long be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 c\ld n h borr[$ f ! ,*ri/ian "o1 ! pla9 inf]5ce is t ! e>ly cre$-mong]s ( ,alex&ria 7 guilty ( an act ( plagi>ism4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! p>allels pres5t$ by ?is writ]3 ,bo? h g5ealogies trac+ _! desc5t f ance/ral k+s4 ,bo? 7 born ( virg9 mo!rs4 ,! conception ( ea* 0 ann\nc$ by a div9e mess5g]4 ,! hymns utt]$ at ! two annunciations resemble ea* o!r4 ,bo? 7 visit$ by wise m5 :o br\ght !m gifts4 ,bo? 7 pres5t$ 9 ! temple4 ,! ag$ ,simeon ( ! "o acc\nt corresponds to ! ag$ ,asita ( ! o!r4 ,z ! *ild 7,jesus7 grew & wax$ /rong 9 _s1 s ! *ild 7,sakay-,muni7 wax$ & increas$ 9 /r5g?4 ,bo? 9 *ildhood disc\rs$ be=e tea*]s4 ,bo? fa/$ 9 ! wild]ness4 ,bo? 7 tempt$4 ,angels or devatas m9i/]$ to ea*4 ,buddha ba!d 9 ! ,n>ajana1 & ,*ri/ 0 baptiz$ 9 ! ,jordan4 ,! mission ( ea* 0 proclaim$ by a voice f heav54 ,bo? p]=m$ miracles4 ,bo? s5t out disciples to propagate _! fai?s4 ,9 call+ _! disciples ! comm& ( ea* 01 ,foll[ me4 ,buddha prea*$ on ! ,holy ,hill1 & ,*ri/ deliv]$ 8 s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,! phraseology ( ! s]mons ( ,buddha & ! s]mon ascrib$ to ,*ri/ is1 9 _m in/ances1 ! same4 ,bo? ,buddha & ,*ri/ comp>e !mselves to husb&m5 s[+ se$4 ,! /ory ( ! prodigal son is f\nd 9 bo? ,scriptures4 ,! acc\nt ( ! man born bl9d is common to bo?4 ,9 bo? ! mu/>d se$ is us$ z a simile = littl5ess4 ,*ri/ speaks ( a fooli% man1 :i* built 8 h\se ^u ! s&2 ,buddha says1 ,p]i%able is ! city built ( s&4 ,bo? speak ( ! ra9 :i* falls on ! j & on ! unju/4 ,! /ory ( ! rul]1 ,nicodemus1 :o came to ,jesus by night1 has its p>allel 9 ! /ory ( ! ri* man :o came to ,buddha by night4 ,a conv]t$ c\rtezan1 ,magdal5a1 foll[$ ,jesus1 & a conv]t$ c\rtezan1 ,ambapali1 foll[$ ,buddha4 ,!re is a leg5d ( a traitor connect$ ) ea*4 ,bo? made triumphal entries1 ,*ri/ into ,j]usalem1 & ,buddha into ,rajagriba4 ,bo? proclaim$ k+doms n ( ?is _w4 ,! et]nal life promis$ by ,*ri/ corresponds to ! et]nal peace1 ,nirvana1 promis$ by ,buddha4 ,bo? religions recognize a tr9ity4 ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant mission>ies1 to quote ,max ,mull] aga91 vie ) ea* o!r 9 _! praises ( ,buddha4 ,bi%op ,big&et1 "o ( ! lead+ ,*ri/ian writ]s on ,buddha1 says3 ,9 read+ ! p>ticul>s ( ! life ( ,buddha x is impossible n to feel rem9d$ ( _m circum/ances relat+ to our ,savior's life z sket*$ by ! evangeli/s4 ,x may be said 9 favor ( ,buddhism t no philosophic-religi\s sy/em has ev] upheld to an equal degree ! notions ( a savior & deliv]]1 & ! necessity ( 8 mission = procur+ ! salvation ( man4 ,/4 ,hilaire says3 ,he ,buddha requires humility1 disreg>d ( worldly weal?1 pati5ce & resignation 9 adv]sity1 love to enemies 444 non-resi/ance to evil1 confession ( s9s & conv]sion4 ,! bi%op ( ,rama?a says3 ,!re are _m moral precepts equally comm&$ & en=c$ 9 common by bo? cre$s4 ,x w n be ra% to ass]t t mo/ ( ! moral tru?s prescrib$ 9 ! gospel are to be met ) 9 ! ,buddhi/ic scriptures4 ,writ+ ( ,buddhism1 ,mrs4 ,spi]1 9 h] ,life 9 ,anci5t ,india1 says3 ,be=e ,god plant$ ,*ri/ianity ^u e>?1 he took a bran* f ! luxuriant tree1 & ?rew x d[n to ,india4 ,! ext]nal =ms ( ,*ri/ianity1 especially ( ,ca?olic ,*ri/ianity1 are model$ 9 a l>ge degree aft] ^? ( ,buddhism4 ,( ,nor!rn ,buddhism 7,lamaism7 ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica says3 ,lamaism1 ) its %av5 prie/s1 its bells & ros>ies1 its images & holy wat]1 its popes & bi%ops1 its abbots & monks ( _m grades1 its processions & fea/ days1 its confessional & purgatory1 & its wor%ip ( ! d\ble ,virg91 s /rongly resembles ,romanism t ! fir/ ,ca?olic mission>ies ?\ght x mu/ be an imitation by ! devil ( ! religion ( ,*ri/4 ,! c5tral object 9 e ,buddhi/ temple is an image ( ,buddha4 ,! c5tral object 9 e ,ca?olic *ur* is an image ( ,*ri/4 ,holy relics & ! v5]ation ( sa9ts are prom95t 9 bo?4 ,buddha comm&$ 8 disciples to prea* 8 gospel to all m54 ,*ri/ comm&$ 8 disciples to d ! same4 ,9 ob$i5ce to ^! comm&s ! _w 0 fill$ ) mission>ies1 & l>gely z ! result ( ?is ! adh]5ts ( ^! religi\s sy/ems outnumb] ^? ( all o!rs comb9$4 ,*ri/ian tradition says t ,?omas visit$ ,india4 ,"s believe t x 0 9 ?is way t ! e>ly ,*ri/ians became acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory & tea*+s ( ,kri%na & ,buddha4 ,?is may be true1 b s f> z ! ,buddhi/ic elem5t 9 ,*ri/ianity is conc]n$ x is q z reasonable to suppose t ,buddhi/ mission>ies _h previ\sly c>ri$ _! religion to ,alex&ria & ,rome1 :]e ! mold]s ( ! ,*ri/ian cre$ obta9$ _! k ( x4 ,t rem>kable mission>y movem5t1 beg9n+ #cjj ,b4 ,c41 says ,max ,mull]1 s5t =? a succession ( devot$ m5 :o sp5t _! lives 9 spread+ ! fai? ( ,buddha ov] all p>ts ( ,asia4 ,h>d5-,hickey says3 ,x is n d\bt$ at ! pres5t day t ,indian religi\s ideas1 & inde$ m p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,buddhism1 rea*$ & 7 ev5 propagat$ z f> z ,egypt1 ,asia ,m9or1 & ,pale/9e1 long be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,connect$ ) ! triumphs ( ^! religi\s fai?s !re is a hi/orical analogy des]v+ m5tion4 ,?ree c5turies aft] ! "t ( ,buddha1 ,asoka ! ,great1 emp]or ( ,india1 became a conv]t to ! ,buddhi/ fai?1 made x ! /ate religion ( ! empire1 & did m ?an any o!r man to secure its supremacy 9 ! ,ea/4 ,?ree c5turies aft] ,*ri/1 ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 emp]or ( ,rome1 became a conv]t to ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 made x ! /ate religion ( 8 empire1 & won = x ! supremacy ( ! ,we/4 ,remuset says3 ,buddhism has be5 call$ ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,ea/4 ,x w\ld be m appropriate to call ,*ri/ianity ! ,buddhism ( ! ,we/4 ,buddha1 & n ,*ri/1 0 ,! ,light ( ,asia4 ,at ?is tor* ,*ri/ians light$ _! tap] & call$ x ,! ,light ( ! ,_w4 ,confucius4 ,?is great ,*9ese sage & religi\s f\nd] 0 born #eea ,b4 ,c4 ,8 foll[]s believ$ him to be div9e4 ,8 bir? 0 att5d$ by prodigies4 ,magi & angels visit$ him1 :ile cele/ial music fill$ ! air4 ,8 disciples inv5t$ a g5ealogy = him1 giv+ him a pr9cely desc5t f ,hoang-ti1 a ,*9ese mon>*1 j z ! ,*ri/ian ,evangeli/s at a lat] p]iod inv5t$ g5ealogies = ,*ri/1 giv+ him a pr9cely p$igree f ,david4 ,conc]n+ 8 deification ! ,int]national ,encyclop$ia says3 ,by ! irony ( fate he 0 deifi$ aft] 8 dea?1 &1 l ,buddha1 ,confucius1 :o _h little belief 9 ! sup]natural1 became a div9ity4 ,z ,b\lg] /ates1 ,8 "n & 8 tea*+s 7 p]petuat$ by a b& ( devot$ disciples1 & ! book :i* conta9$ ! moral & philosophical axioms ( ,confucius pass$ into ! classical lit]ature ( ! c\ntry & /ood 9 ! place ( a ,bible = ! ,*9ese 7,hi/ory ( ,*9a1 p4 #af74 ,( all ! great religi\s sy/ems :i* h appe>$ s9ce ! dawn ( hi/ory ,buddhism & ,confucianism1 z orig9ally pres5t$1 f a rational /&po9t1 /& pre-em95t4 ,9 bo? ! sup]natural is almo/ entirely abs5t4 ,bo? are godless religions1 & bo? h be51 = ! mo/ "p1 bloodless religions4 ,! adh]5ts ( bo? h practic$ 9 ! highe/ degree :at ! adh]5ts ( _! great rival h only pr(ess$3 ,on e>? peace1 good w t[>d m54 ,bo? sy/ems1 l primitive ,*ri/ianity1 h be5 corrupt$2 b ! sy/em ( ,confucius has suff]$ less ?an t ( ,buddha4 ,! religi\s1 or r e?ical1 sy/em taught by ,confucius1 is ! religion ( ! intellectual ari/ocracy ( ,*9a1 &1 to a great ext5t1 ! religion ( ! mo/ enlight5$ ev]y:]e4 ,*ri/ian s*ol>s h be5 surpris$ to f9d 9 ! writ+s ( ,confucius "s ( ! be/ tea*+s attribut$ to ,*ri/4 ,! ,gold5 ,rule has be5 ascrib$ to ! ,*ri/ian f\nd]4 ,& yet ?is rule is ! v ess5ce ( ,confucianism & 0 borr[$ f x4 ,9 a pres5tation ( ! tea*+s ( ! ,*9ese sage1 ,rev4 ,james ,legge ( ,ox=d ,univ]sity1 ! highe/ ,european au?ority on ,*9a & ,confucius1 says3 ,=emo/ among ^! we mu/ rank 8 di/9ct enunciation ( ! ,gold5 ,rule1 d$uc$ by him f 8 /udy ( man's m5tal condition4 ,sev]al times he gave t rule 9 express words3 ',:at y d n l :5 done to y\rself d n to o!rs4' ,to reta9 = ,*ri/ a portion ( ! cr$it due ,confucius1 ,*ri/ians ass]t t ! ,*9ese morali/ m]ely taught ! negative =m ( ?is rule1 ! ab/a9+ f do+ to o!rs :at we dislike to h !m d to u1 :ile ,*ri/ taught ! positive =m1 ! do+ to o!rs :at we desire !m to d to u4 ,reg>d+ ?is ,mr4 ,legge says3 ,x has be5 said t he only gave ! rule 9 a negative =m2 b he und]/ood x also 9 its positive & mo/ compreh5sive =m1 & deplor$ on "o occasion at lea/1 t he _h n himself always atta9$ to tak+ ! initiative 9 do+ to o!rs z he w\ld h !m d to him4 ,ano!r analogy may be notic$4 ,! religion ( ,confucius enjo9s absolute ob$i5ce to national rul]s4 ,?is1 too1 is a prom95t t5et ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,z ! result ( ?is1 ,confucianism became & has rema9$ ! /ate religion ( ,*9a1 :ile ,*ri/ianity became & has rema9$ ! /ate religion ( ,europe4 ,la\-tsze4 ,la\-tsze1 ! o!r great religi\s f\nd] ( ,*9a1 0 born #fjd ,b4 ,c4 ,8 entry into ! _w & 8 exit f x 7 att5d$ by miracles4 ,l ,*ri/ he 0 miracul\sly conceiv$2 l ,*ri/ he asc5d$ bodily into heav54 ,he 0 believ$ to be an inc>nation ( an a/ral god4 ,8 gospel1 ! ,tao ,teh ,k+1 0 writt5 by him4 ,tao means ! way4 ,*ri/ 0 call$ ! ,way4 ,man1 accord+ to ?is gospel1 is bo? a mat]ial & a spiritual be+4 ,by ! r5unciation ( ri*es & worldly enjoym5ts ! s\l atta9s to immortality4 ,! mo/ div9e ( mortals are1 l ,eno* & ,elijah1 translat$ to heav5 )\t suff]+ dea?4 ,la\-tsze taught t m5 to be righte\s mu/ become z little *ildr54 ,*ri/ said3 ,except ye be conv]t$ & become z little *ildr51 ye %all n ent] into ! k+dom ( heav5 7,matt4 xviii1 #c74 ,! m ignorant foll[]s ( ,la\-tsze1 l ! m ignorant foll[]s ( ,*ri/1 believe t _m diseases are caus$ by evil spirits1 & _! prie/s1 l ,*ri/1 practice exorcism to expel !m4 ,l ! ,ca?olics1 !y h mona/]ies & conv5ts4 ,( ,la\-tsze's writ+s ,pr(4 ,montuci1 ! ,italian philologi/1 says3 ,_m ?+s ab\t a triune ,god are s cle>ly express$ t no "o :o has read ?is book c d\bt t ! my/]y ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity 0 reveal$ to ! ,*9ese five c5turies be=e ! com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,!re is "o elem5t 9 ,*ri/ianity :i* 0 n borr[$ f ,paganism--religi\s intol]ance4 ,ref]r+ to ,buddhism1 ,confucianism1 & ,ta\ism1 a writ] on ,*9a says3 ,betwe5 ! foll[]s ( ! ?ree national religions !re is n only a total abs5ce ( p]secution & bitt] feel+1 b a v great indiff]5ce z to :i* ( !m a man may belong4444 ,among ! polit] classes1 :5 /rang]s meet1 ! "q is ask$3 ',to :at sublime religion d y belong8' & ea* "o pron\nces a eulogium1 n on 8 own religion1 b on t pr(ess$ by ! o!rs1 & concludes ) ! (t-repeat$ =mula3 ',religions are _m2 reason is "o2 we are all bro!rs4' ,zoroa/]4 ,! ,p]sian prophet ,zoroa/] liv$ & wrote at lea/ #abjj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,f 8 tea*+s "s ( ! mo/ important doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 z well z ( ,judaism1 7 d]iv$4 ,accord+ to ! ,p]sian !ology ! univ]se is rul$ by two great p[]s1 ,ormuzd 7,god7 & ,ahrimanes 7,satan74 ,! "o repres5ts light1 ! o!r d>kness2 ! "o is good1 ! o!r evil4 ,betwe5 ^! two p[]s !re is p]petual w>4 ,! c5t] ( battle is man1 ea* /riv+ = 8 s\l4 ,god creat$ man ) a free w to *oose betwe5 good & evil4 ,^? :o *oose ! good are rew>d$ ) ev]la/+ life 9 heav52 ^? :o *oose ! evil are puni%$ ) endless mis]y 9 hell2 :ile ^? 9 :om ! good & evil are balanc$ pass into an int]m$iate /ate 7purgatory71 to rema9 until ! la/ judgm5t4 ,to save mank9d ,god s5t a savior 9 ! p]son ( ,zoroa/] ) a div9e revelation1 ! ,z5d ,ave/a4 ,l ,*ri/1 ,zoroa/] 0 ( sup]natural orig9 & end[$ ) sup]human p[]s4 ,l ,*ri/1 he believ$ t ,satan w\ld be de?ron$ & ca/ into hell2 l ,*ri/ he believ$ t ! end ( ! _w & ! k+dom ( ,god 7 at h&2 l ,*ri/1 he taught 8 foll[]s to wor%ip ,god2 l ,*ri/ he decl>$ t ,god he>d & answ]$ pray]2 l ,*ri/ he 0 tempt$ by ,satan2 l ,*ri/ he p]=m$ miracles2 l ,*ri/ he 0 sla9 by ^? :om he _h come to save4 ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia gives a summ>y ( ! pr9cipal doctr9es ( ,zoroa/] among :i* are ! foll[+3 ,! pr9cipal duty ( man 9 ?is life is to obey ! ^w & comm&m5ts ( ,god4 ,^? :o obey ! ^w ( ,god w be free f all defects & immortal4 ,god ex]cises 8 rule 9 ! _w ?r\gh ! works prompt$ by ! ,div9e ,_s1 :o is work+ 9 man & nature4 ,m5 %\ld pray to ,god & wor%ip him4 ,he he>s ! pray]s ( ! good4 ,all m5 live solely ?r\gh ! b\nty ( ,god4 ,! s\l ( ! pure w h]eaft] enjoy ev]la/+ life2 t ( ! wick$ w h to und]go ev]la/+ puni%m5t 7,art4 ,zoroa/]74 ,devils & angels are ( ,p]sian orig94 ,dr4 ,kalis*1 ! em95t ,jewi% s*ol>1 says3 ,:5 ! ,jews1 ev] op5 to =eign influ5ce 9 matt]s ( fai?1 liv$ "u ,p]sian rule1 !y imbib$1 among _m o!r religi\s views ( _! ma/]s1 _! doctr9es ( angels & spirits1 :i*1 9 ! region ( ! ,euphrates & ,tigris1 7 mo/ luxuriantly develop$ 7,leviticus1 "p ,,ii1 p4 #bhg74 ,! belief 9 spirits & demons 0 n a concession made by educat$ m5 to ! prejudices ( ! masses1 b a concession :i* all--! educat$ z well z ! un$ucat$--made to ,pagan poly!ism 7,ibid74 ,/rauss says3 ,x is 9 ! ,maccabean ,daniel & 9 ! ,apocryphal ,tobit t ?is doctr9e ( angels1 9 ! mo/ precise =m1 fir/ appe>s2 & x is evid5tly a product ( ! influ5ce ( ! ,z5d religion ( ! ,p]sian on ! ,jewi% m9d4 ,we h ! te/imony ( ! ,jews !mselves t !y br\ght ! names ( ! angels ) !m f ,babylon 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #gh74 ,baptism1 communion1 & ev5 confirmation1 are rites t 7 p]=m$ 9 ,p]sia a ?\s& ye>s be=e ! adv5t ( ,*ri/4 ,dr4 ,hyde1 9 8 ,religion ( ! ,anci5t ,p]sians1 says3 ,!y d n use circumcision = _! *ildr51 b only baptism or wa%+ = ! inw>d purification ( ! s\l4444 ,aft] su* wa%+1 or baptism1 ! prie/ imposes on ! *ild ! "n giv5 by 8 p>5ts4 ,aft]w>ds1 9 ! fifte5? ye> ( 8 age1 :5 he beg9s to put on ! tunic1 ! sudra1 & ! girdle1 t he may ent] ^u religion1 & is engag$ 9 ! articles ( belief1 ! prie/ be/[s ^u him confirmation4 ,! foll[+1 f ! ,britannica1 0 writt5 by ,engl&'s lead+ au?ority on ,zoroa/]1 ,pr(essor ,gildn]3 ,l ,john ! ,bapti/ & ! ,apo/les ( ,jesus1 ,zoroa/] also believ$ t ! fullness ( "t 0 ne>1 t ! k+dom ( heav5 0 at h&4 ,?r\gh ! :ole ( ! ,ga?as 7! ,psalms ( ,zoroa/]7 runs ! pi\s hope t ! end ( ! pres5t _w is n f> (f4 ,he himself hopes along ) 8 foll[]s to live to see ! decisive turn ( ?+s1 ! dawn ( ! new & bett] aeon4 ,ormuzd w summon toge!r all 8 p[]s = a f9al /ruggle & break ! p[] ( evil =ev]2 by 8 help ! fai?ful w a*ieve ! victory ov] _! dete/$ enemies1 ! daeva wor%ip]s1 & r5d] !m p[]less4 ,!reupon ,ormuzd w hold a judicium univ]sale ^u all mank9d & judge /rictly accord+ to ju/ice1 puni% ! wick$1 & assign to ! good ! hop$-= rew>d4 ,satan w be ca/1 along ) all ^? :o h be5 deliv]$ ov] to him to suff] ! pa9s ( hell1 into ! abyss1 :]e he w !nce=w>d lie p[]less4 ,=?) beg9s ! "o undivid$ k+dom ( ,god 9 heav5 & on e>?4 ,sub/itute ,*ri/ = ,zoroa/]1 ,god = ,ormuzd1 & ,gospels = ,ga?as1 9 ! above1 & we h almo/ an exact exposition ( ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/4 ,& ,zoroa/] taught at lea/ #abjj ye>s be=e ,*ri/ taught1 & wrote 8 ,ga?as m ?an #acjj ye>s be=e ! ,gospels 7 writt54 ,! writ+s ( ,zoroa/] 7 ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ! mo/ important !ological doctr9es ascrib$ to ,*ri/1 z ! ,buddhi/ic writ+s 7 ( 8 e?ical tea*+s4 ,mi?ra4 ,?is god 0 ! (fspr+ ( ! ,sun1 &1 next to ,ormuzd & ,ahrimanes1 held ! highe/ rank among ! gods ( anci5t ,p]sia4 ,he 0 repres5t$ z a beautiful y\?4 ,he is ! ,m$iator4 ,f ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,w4 ,lake ,i quote ! foll[+3 ,mi?ras is spiritual light cont5d+ ) spiritual d>kness1 & ?r\gh 8 labors ! k+dom ( d>kness %all be lit ) heav5's own light2 ! ,et]nal w receive all ?+s back into 8 favor1 ! _w w be r$eem$ to ,god4 ,! impure are to be purifi$1 & ! evil made good1 ?r\gh ! m$iation ( ,mi?ras1 ! reconcil] ( ,ormuzd & ,ahriman4 ,mi?ras is ! ,good1 8 "n is ,love4 ,9 relation to ! ,et]nal he is ! s\rce ( grace1 9 relation to man he is ! life-giv] & m$iator 7,plato1 ,philo1 & ,paul1 p4 #ae74 ,! ,int]national ,encyclop$ia says3 ,mi?ras seems to h ow$ 8 prom95ce to ! belief t he 0 ! s\rce ( life1 & c\ld also r$eem ! s\ls ( ! dead into ! bett] _w4444 ,! c]emonies includ$ a sort ( baptism to remove s9s1 ano9t+1 & a sacr$ meal ( bread & wat]1 :ile a consecrat$ w9e1 believ$ to possess wond]ful p[]1 play$ a prom95t "p4 ,conc]n+ ,mi?ra ,*amb]s's ,encyclop$ia says3 ,! mo/ important ( 8 _m fe/ivals 0 8 bir?day1 celebrat$ on ! #be? ( ,decemb]1 ! day subsequ5tly fix$--aga9/ all evid5ce--z ! bir?day ( ,*ri/4 ,! wor%ip ( ,mi?ras e>ly f\nd its way into ,rome1 & ! my/]ies ( ,mi?ras1 :i* fell 9 ! spr+ equ9ox1 7 fam\s ev5 among ! _m ,roman fe/ivals4 ,! c]emonies obs]v$ 9 ! initiation to ^! my/]ies--symbolical ( ! /ruggle betwe5 ,ahriman & ,ormuzd 7! ,good & ! ,evil7--7 ( ! mo/ extraord9>y & to a c]ta9 degree ev5 dang]\s "*4 ,baptism & ! p>tak+ ( a my/ical liquid1 consi/+ ( fl\r & wat]1 to be drunk ) ! utt]ance ( sacr$ =mulas1 7 among ! inauguration acts4 ,9 ! catacombs at ,rome 0 pres]v$ a relic ( ! old ,mi?raic wor%ip4 ,x 0 a picture ( ! infant ,mi?ra seat$ 9 ! lap ( 8 virg9 "m1 :ile on _! knees be=e him 7 ,p]sian ,magi ador+ him & (f]+ gifts4 ,pr(4 ,franz ,cumont1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,gh5t1 writes z foll[s conc]n+ ! religion ( ,mi?ra & ! religion ( ,*ri/3 ,! sect>ies ( ! ,p]sian god1 l ! ,*ri/ians'1 purifi$ !mselves by baptism1 receiv$ by a species ( confirmation ! p[] necess>y to combat ! _s ( evil2 & expect$ f a ,"l's supp] salvation ( body & s\l4 ,l ! latt]1 !y also held ,sunday sacr$1 & celebrat$ ! bir? ( ! ,sun on ! #be? ( ,decemb]4444 ,!y bo? prea*$ a categorical sy/em ( e?ics1 reg>d$ asceticism z m]itori\s & c\nt$ among _! pr9cipal virtues ab/95ce & cont95ce1 r5unciation & self-control4 ,_! conceptions ( ! _w & ( ! de/9y ( man 7 simil>4 ,!y bo? admitt$ ! exi/5ce ( a ,heav5 inhabit$ by beatifi$ ones1 situate 9 ! upp] regions1 & ( a ,hell1 peopl$ by demons1 situate 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?4 ,!y bo? plac$ a flood at ! beg9n+ ( hi/ory2 !y bo? assign$ z ! s\rce ( _! condition1 a primitive revelation2 !y bo?1 f9ally1 believ$ 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 9 a la/ judgm5t1 & 9 a resurrection ( ! dead1 consequ5t ^u a f9al conflagration ( ! univ]se 7,! ,my/]ies ( ,mi?ras1 pp4 #aij1 #aia74 ,! ,rev4 ,*>les ,biggs1 ,d4,d41 says3 ,! disciples ( ,mi?ra =m$ an organiz$ *ur*1 ) a develop$ hi]>*y4 ,!y possess$ ! ideas ( ,m$iation1 ,atonem5t1 & a ,savior1 :o is human & yet div9e1 & n only ! idea1 b a doctr9e ( ! future life4 ,!y _h a ,eu*>i/1 & a ,baptism1 & o!r curi\s analogies might be po9t$ out betwe5 _! sy/em & ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ 7,! ,*ri/ian ,platoni/s1 p4 #bdj74 ,i quote aga9 f ,mc,clintock & ,/rong3 ,9 mod]n times ,*ri/ian writ]s h be5 induc$ to look favorably ^u ! ass]tion t "s ( our ecclesia/ical usages 7e4 g41 ! in/itution ( ! ,*ri/mas fe/ival7 orig9at$ 9 ! cultus ( ,mi?raism4 ,"s writ]s :o refuse to accept ! ,*ri/ian religion z ( sup]natural orig91 h ev5 gone s f> z to in/itute a close comp>ison ) ! f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity2 & ,dupuis & o!rs1 go+ ev5 beyond ?is1 h n hesitat$ to pron\nce ! ,gospel simply a bran* ( ,mi?raism 7,art4 ,mi?ra74 ,! ,*ri/ian ,fa!r ,manes1 f\nd] ( ! h]etical sect kn[n z ,mani*eans1 believ$ t ,*ri/ & ,mi?ra 7 "o4 ,8 tea*+1 accord+ to ,mo%eim1 0 z foll[s3 ,*ri/ is t glori\s intellig5ce :i* ! ,p]sians call$ ,mi?ras4444 ,8 resid5ce is 9 ! sun 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 #crd c5tury1 ,"p #b1 *4 #e74 ,! ,mi?raic wor%ip at "o "t cov]$ a l>ge portion ( ! anci5t _w4 ,x fl\ri%$ z late z ! second c5tury1 b f9ally w5t d[n be=e its "y & inv9cible rival :i* appropriat$1 to a great ext5t1 its doctr9es1 rites & cu/oms4 ,sosio%4 ,! ,messianic idea1 z we h se51 came f ,p]sia4 ,! expect$ ,messiah ( ! ,jews & ! ,*ri/ ( ,*ri/ians are ( ,p]sian orig94 ,sosio%1 ! ,messiah ( ! ,p]sians1 is ! son ( ,zoroa/]1 begott5 9 a sup]natural way4 ,he con/itutes a "p ( ! ,p]sian ,tr9ity4 ,he exi/s1 z yet1 only 9 a spiritual =m4 ,8 inc>nation & adv5t on e>? are yet to be4 ,:5 he comes he w br+ ) him a new revelation4 ,he w awak5 ! dead & preside at ! la/ judgm5t4 ,zoroa/]1 x is claim$1 pr$ict$ 8 com+1 decl>+ t he w\ld be born ( a virg91 & t a /> w\ld indicate ! place ( 8 bir?4 ,z soon1 !re=e1 said ,zoroa/]1 z y %all behold ! />1 foll[ x :i!rsoev] x %all lead y & adore t my/]i\s *ild1 (f]+ y\r gifts to him ) pr(\nd humility4 ,&1 lo1 ! />1 :i* !y saw 9 ! ea/1 w5t be=e !m till x came & /ood ov] :]e ! "y *ild 04444 ,& :5 !y 7 come into ! h\se1 !y saw ! "y *ild ) ,m>y1 8 "m1 & fell d[n1 & wor%ip$ him2 & :5 !y _h op5$ _! treasures1 !y pres5t$ unto him gifts 7,mat!w ii1 #i1 #aa74 ,adonis4 ,f ,babylonia1 includ+ ,accadia1 ,*aldea1 & ,assyria1 mu* ( ,*ri/ianity has come4 ,*ri/ himself 0 desc5d$ f ! ,babylonian pan!on2 8 fa!r1 ,jehovah1 be+ orig9ally a ,babylonian god4 ,adonis1 ,tamm\z1 ,tam-zi1 or ,du-zi1 z he 0 v>i\sly call$1 0 a ,babylonian deity ^: wor%ip gradually spread ov] ,syria1 ,pho5icia & ,greece4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ anci5t ( ! sons ( gods4 ,8 orig9 may be trac$ to t f]tile1 & p]haps e>lie/1 s\rce ( gods & religions1 ,accadia4 ,8 wor%ip 0 a comb9ation ( sun wor%ip & sex wor%ip4 ,he 0 ! god ( light1 & life1 & love4 ,associat$ ) 8 wor%ip 9 ,babylonia & ,syria 0 ! wor%ip ( ,i/>2 & 9 ,pho5icia & ,greece ! wor%ip ( ,v5us4 ,"u ! "n ( ,tamm\z1 ,adonis 0 wor%ip$ by ! ,jews4 ,at ! v gates ( ! temple1 ,ezekiel tells u1 ,!re sat wom5 weep+ = ,tamm\z 7,adonis 9 ,ca?olic v]47 7viii1 #ad74 ,9 ! ,bible he is frequ5tly ref]r$ to z ! only son4 ,"o ( ! mon?s ( ! ,hebrew cal5d> 0 nam$ 9 honor ( him4 ,! ab/a9+ f ! use ( pork by ! ,jews _h its orig9 9 ! leg5d ( ! slay+ ( ,adonis by ! wild bo>4 ,& ! eat+ ( fi% on ,friday by ,*ri/ians is d\btless due to ! fact t ,friday 0 consecrat$ to ,v5us by h] ,asiatic wor%ip]s & fi% 0 eat5 9 h] honor4 ,9 a citation ( ,babylonian & ,biblical analogies1 ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica says3 ,! resemblance is /ill m /rik+ :5 we exam9e ! ,babylonian my?ology4 ,! sacr$ tree ( ,babylonia1 ) its gu>dian *]ubs--a ^w1 by ! way1 :i* seems ( ,accadian orig9--z well z ! flam+ sword or ?und]bolt ( fifty po9ts & sev5 heads1 recall ,biblical analogies1 :ile ! ,noa*ian deluge diff]s b slightly f ! ,*aldean "o4 ,inde$1 ! ,jehovi/ic v]sion ( ! flood /ory 9 ,g5esis agrees n only 9 details1 b ev5 9 phraseology ) t :i* =ms ! elev5? lay ( ! great ,babylonian epic4 ,! h]o ( ! latt] is ,tam-zi or ,tammuz1 '! sun ( life1' ! son ( ,ub>atutu1 '! gl[ ( sunset1' & d5otes ! revivify+ lum9>y ( day1 :o sails ^u 8 'ark' beh9d ! cl\ds ( w9t] to reappe> :5 ! ra9y season is pa/4 ,he is call$ ,sisu?rus by ,b]osus1 t is1 ,susru '! f\nd]1' a synonym ( ,na '! sky4' ,! m\nta9 on :i* 8 ark re/$ 0 plac$ 9 ,nisir1 s\?we/ ( ,lake ,urumiyeh4 ,its peak1 :]eon ! fir/ alt> 0 built aft] ! deluge1 0 ! leg5d>y model aft] :i* ! zigurats or t[]s ( ! ,babylonian temples 7 erect$4 ,besides ! acc\nt ( ! flood1 fragm5ts h be5 met ) ( /ories resembl+ ^? ( ! t[] ( ,babel or ,babylon1 ( ! creation1 ( ! fall1 & ( ! sacrifice ( ,isaac--! latt]1 by ! way1 =m+ ! fir/ lay ( ! great epic4 ,! six? lay we possess 9 full4 ,x describes ! desc5t ( ,i/> into ,hades 9 pursuit ( h] dead husb& ,du-zi1 '! (f-spr+1' ! ,babylonian ,adonis4 ,du-zi is b ano!r =m ( ,tam-zi & d5otes ! sun :5 obscur$ by night & w9t]4 ,conc]n+ ! two lays ( ?is ,babylonian or ,assyrian epic :i* p]ta9 to ,adonis1 ,dr4 ,s\ry says3 ,! two important episodes ( ?is epic hi!rto discov]$1 ',! ,deluge1' & ',! ,desc5t ( ,i/> into ,hell1' yield ! be/ comm5t>y on ! ,biblical /ories ( ! deluge & hell 7%eol74 ,we h h5ce=? ! epigraphic pro(1 confirm+ ! valuable te/imony ( ,b]osus1 t ^! leg5ds--l ^? ( ! creation1 ( ! ,t[] ( ,babel1 etc4--did n orig9ate 9 ,pale/9e1 b 7 c>ri$ ?i!r by ! ,hebrews ) ! civilization & wor%ip ( ! p ( ! valley ( ! ,tigris & ,euphrates1 amid :om !y _h soj\rn$ = c5turies4444 ,! ,babylonian deluge is also a *a/isem5t f ! deity2 x is ! consequ5ce ( man's corruption 7,assyrian poem1 l9e #bb74 ,! details ( ! build+ ( ! ,babylonian ark 7l9e #bd71 into :i* are introduc$ ! v>i\s pairs ( male & female animals 7l9e #hj71 ( ! %utt+ ( ! doors ( ! ark 7l9e #hi71 ( ! duration1 increase & decrease ( ! flood 7l9es #abc-abi71 ( ! s5d+ out ( a dove1 a swall[ & a rav5 7l9es #adj-add71 etc41 leave no d\bt z to ! orig9 ( ! leg5d ( ,g5esis 7,religion ( ,israel1 p4 #aj74 ,! not$ ,assyriologi/1 ,george ,smi?1 ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 :o discov]$ ! tablets conta9+ ^! fragm5ts ( ! ,babylonian epic1 says t ! orig9al text ( ^! leg5ds _c be lat] ?an ! #ag? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 & may be mu* e>li]1 ?us ant$at+ ! olde/ books ( ! ,bible ne>ly #a1jjj ye>s4 ,f ^! & o!r ,babylonian & ,p]sian leg5ds ! mo/ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t leg5ds 7 borr[$4 ,?is fact disproves ! exi/5ce ( ! or?odox ,*ri/4 ,if ! acc\nts ( ! creation1 ! fall ( man1 & ! ,noa*ian deluge1 z giv5 9 ! ,bible1 are n au!ntic1 b m]ely borr[$ fables1 !n !re rema9s no f\ndation = an aton+ ,savior4 ,describ+ ! wor%ip ( ,adonis1 ,*amb]s's ,encyclop$ia says3 ,8 fe/ivals 7 p>tly ! expressions ( joy1 p>tly ( m\rn+4 ,9 ! latt] ! wom5 gave !mselves up to ! mo/ unmitigat$ grief ov] ! 'lo/ ,adonis4'444 ,?is p]iod 0 foll[$ by a succession ( fe/ive & joyful days1 9 honor ( ! resurrection ( ,adonis4 ,^! fe/ivals correspond to ! ,good ,friday & ,ea/] ( ,*ri/ians1 commemorat+ ! dea? & resurrection ( ,*ri/4 ,! mo/ ard5t wor%ip]s ( ,adonis 7 wom54 ,no o!r "*1 real or imag9>y1 has s /irr$ ! passions & ! emotions ( woman z ?is beautiful "y lov] ( ,v5us4 ,8 tragic dea? ba!d ) immortal sadness ! he>ts ( 8 devotees1 & f ! remote/ ages d[n to a v late p]iod mov$ to te>s ! daught]s ( m5 :o ador$ him4 ,writ+ ( ,be?lehem at ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury1 ,/4 ,j]ome says3 ,! lov] ( ,v5us is m\rn$ 9 ! grotto :]e ,*ri/ wail$ z an infant4 ,along ) ! ,holy ,sepul*re ( ,*ri/1 !re /ill exi/s ! ,tomb ( ,adonis1 :]e ! wom5 ( ! anci5t my/]ies1 9 ! intoxication ( a voluptu\s grief1 came to cov] ) te>s & kisses ! c5otaph ( ! beautiful y\?4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t "t1 says ,r5an1 ! ,syrian hymns sung 9 honor ( ! ,virg9 are a k9d ( te>ful sigh1 a /range sob4 ,mov$ by ! same passions & ! same emotions t ?rill$ ! he>ts ( ! female wor%ip]s ( ,adonis1 x is ! wom5 ( ,*ri/5dom1 :o1 m ?an any o!r cause1 keep alive ! memory & ! religion ( ,*ri/4 ,?us writes a ,c>melite nun describ+ ! passionate adoration ( h] ,*ri/ian si/]s3 ,"o day !y h rais$ _! eyes to an adorable face4 ,a horrible diadem ( int]lac$ bran*es b9ds ! augu/ =ehead2 rubies ( blood roll sl[ly ^u ! livid pallor ( ! *eeks2 ! m\? has =gott5 h[ to smile4 ,x is a man ( sorr[s4 ,!y h look$ ^u him & f\nd him m beautiful1 m noble1 m loyal ?an any sp\se4 ,!y h felt a /rong] he>t-beat 9 8 div9e brea/2 !y h und]/ood t dea? no m d>e t\* 8 emaciat$ figure1 & t 8 conjugal fidelity is et]nal4 ,captivat$1 ravi%$1 enam\r$1 enraptur$1 !y h lov$ him4 ,r5d]$ ins5sible by love1 !y h trampl$ cruelly ^u ! brok5 he>ts ( fa!rs & desolate mo!rs2 !y h li/5$1 te>less1 to ! woeful besee*+s ( ^? :o desire !m = companions2 !y h foll[$ to ,c>mel ! unique lov]1 ! immortal husb&4 ,! anci5t adoration ( ,adonis survives 9 ?is mod]n adoration ( ,jesus4 ,we see "h ! same /range comm+l+ ( sup]/ition & fanaticism1 ( love & sorr[1 ( ec/asy & agony1 ( *a/ity & lu/4 ,! religion is ! same2 ! wor%ip is ! same4 ,! div9e lov]s only h be5 *ang$4 ,! beautiful ,pagan has be5 supplant$ by ! ,ideal ,man4 ,writ+ ( ! ,prote/ant wom5 ( 8 day1 ,?omas ,jeff]son says3 ,9 our ,ri*mond !re is mu* fanaticism1 b *iefly among ! wom54 ,!y h _! night meet+s & pray+ p>ties1 :]e1 att5d$ by _! prie/s1 444 !y p\r =? _! love to ,jesus 9 t]ms z amatory & c>nal z _! mode/y w\ld p]mit to a m]e e>?ly lov] 7,jeff]son's ,works1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 p4 #ceh1 ,r&olph's ed474 ,osiris4 ,"o ( ! mo/ anci5t & "o ( ! mo/ r5[n$ ( all ! gods 0 ,osiris1 ! ,savior ( ,egypt4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,seb 7e>?7 & ,nu 7heav574 ,he appe>s 9 ! hi]oglyphics ( ,egypt z e>ly z #cdbg ,b4 ,c4 ,two ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/ 8 wor%ip 0 univ]sal 9 ,egypt1 & dur+ ! succe$+ c5turies spread ov] mu* ( ,asia & ,europe1 includ+ ,greece & ,rome4 ,its prie/s look$ confid5tly =w>d to ! "t :5 all m5 w\ld be br\ght to ,osiris1 j z ,*ri/ian prie/s today look =w>d to ! "t :5 all m5 w be br\ght to ,*ri/4 ,osiris 0 sla9 by ,typhon 7,satan71 b rose aga9 & became ! rul] ( ! dead4 ,he presides at ! judgm5t ( ! dep>t$ :]e ! good are rew>d$ ) ev]la/+ life1 & ! wick$ are de/roy$4 ,! ,osirian ,bible is call$ ! ,book ( ! ,dead4 ,*ri/ians are indebt$ to ?is religion l>gely = _! views conc]n+ immortality & a bodily resurrection4 ,!y believe t ?r\gh ! dea? & resurrection ( ,*ri/ !y h inh]it$ et]nal life1 t :5 _! e>?ly c>e] is end$ !y w live aga9 9 him4 ,reg>d+ ! ,egyptians' belief1 ! ,int]national ,encyclop$ia says3 ,j z ,osiris di$ & liv$ aga91 s ! spiritual p]sonality ( ! deceas$ liv$ aga9 & 0 m]g$ 9 ,osiris4 ,( ,osiris ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,*>les ,gillett1 ( ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y1 says3 ,! belief 9 him & 9 ! immortality :i* he symboliz$ 0 ! deepe/ 9 ,egyptian religi\s ?\ght4 ,sir ,john ,g>dn] ,wilk9son1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t ,egyptologi/s1 says3 ,! peculi> "* ( ,osiris1 8 com+ ^u e>? = ! b5efit ( mank9d1 ) ! titles ( ',manife/] ( ,good' & ',reveal] ( ,tru?'2 8 be+ put to dea? by ! malice ( ! ,evil ,"o2 8 burial & resurrection1 & 8 becom+ ! judge ( ! dead1 are ! mo/ int]e/+ features ( ! ,egyptian religion4 ,john ,/u>t ,gl5nie1 ano!r ,engli% writ]1 notes ! foll[+ analogies betwe5 ! religion ( ,osiris & ! religion ( ,*ri/3 ,9 anci5t ,osirianism1 z 9 mod]n ,*ri/ianism1 we f9d ! wor%ip ( a div9e "m & *ild4 ,9 anci5t ,osirianism z 9 mod]n ,*ri/ianism1 !re is a doctr9e ( atonem5t4 ,9 anci5t ,osirianism1 z 9 mod]n ,*ri/ianism1 we f9d ! vision ( a la/ judgm5t1 & resurrection ( ! body4 ,& f9ally1 9 anci5t ,osirianism1 z 9 mod]n ,*ri/ianism1 ! sanctions ( morality are a lake ( fire & tortur+ demons on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r1 et]nal life 9 ! pres5ce ( ,god 7,*ri/ & ,osiris1 p4 #ad74 ,ref]r+ to ,osiris1 ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia says3 ,he 0 reg>d$ z ! p]sonification ( moral good4 ,he is relat$ to h be5 on e>? in/ruct+ mank9d 9 useful arts2 to h be5 sla9 by 8 adv]s>y ,typhon by :om he 0 cut 9 pieces2 to h be5 bewail$ by 8 wife & si/] ,isis2 to h be5 embalm$2 to h ris5 aga91 & to h become ! judge ( ! dead1 among :om ! righte\s 7 call$ by 8 "n & receiv$ 8 =m--a wond]ful =e-feel+ ( ! ,gospel n>rative 7,art4 ,egypt74 ,isis1 ! si/] & wife ( ,osiris1 0 ! greate/ ( female div9ities4 ,h] wor%ip 0 coexi/5t & coext5sive ) t ( h] div9e bro!r & husb&4 ,we h ! foll[+ picture ( h] 9 ! ,apocalypse3 ,& !re appe>$ a great wond] 9 heav52 a woman clo!d ) ! sun1 & ! moon "u h] feet1 & ^u h] head a cr[n ( twelve />s 7,revelation xii1 #a74 ,! wor%ip ( ,isis exi/$ 9 ,rome & ,alex&ria dur+ ! =mative p]iod ( ,*ri/ianity & ,*ri/ians borr[$ mu* f x4 ,horus4 ,?is popul> ,egyptian god 0 ! son ( ,osiris & ,isis4 ,osiris & ,horus 7 bo? sol> deities2 ,osiris 0 ! sett+ sun1 ,horus ! ris+ sun4 ,*ri/1 x is claim$1 exi/$ be=e 8 inc>nation2 & ,horus1 x 0 claim$1 exi/$ ev5 be=e ! inc>nation ( 8 fa!r4 ,*ri/ :5 an infant 0 c>ri$ into ,egypt to escape ! wra? ( ,h]od2 ,horus :5 an infant 0 c>ri$ out ( ,egypt to escape ! wra? ( ,typhon4 ,to av5ge ! dea? ( 8 fa!r he aft]w>d vanqui%$ ,typhon4 ,he 0 ! la/ ( ! gods :o reign$ 9 ,egypt4 ,fe/ivals & movable fea/s simil> to ^? celebrat$ 9 honor ( ,*ri/ 7 held 9 8 honor4 ,9 ,india & ,egypt1 ages be=e ! appe>ance ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity prevail$4 ,brahma1 ,vi%nu1 & ,siva con/itut$ ! pr9cipal tr9ity ( ,india1 :ile ! mo/ important ,tr9ity ( ,egypt 0 ,osiris1 ,isis1 & ,horus4 ,ev5 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( a ,tr9ity 9 ,unity1 an absurdity :i* ,*ri/ianity alone is suppos$ to h taught1 0 an ,egyptian doctr9e4 ,samuel ,%>p1 9 8 ,egyptian ,my?ology 7p4 #ad71 says3 ,we h a hi]oglyphical inscription 9 ! ,briti% ,museum z e>ly z ! reign ( ,seve*us ( ! eigh? c5tury be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 %[+ t ! doctr9e ( ,tr9ity 9 ,unity already =m$ "p ( _! religion & t 99 99 99 ! ?ree gods only made "o p]son4 ,dr4 ,drap] says3 ,= ?irty c5turies ! ,egyptians _h be5 famili> ) ! conception ( a triune ,god4 ,!re 0 h>dly a city ( any note )\t its p>ticul> triads4 ,"h x 0 ,amum1 ,maut1 & ,khonso2 !re ,osiris1 ,isis1 & ,horus 7,intellectual ,developm5t1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #aia74 ,dr4 ,inman affirms ! ,egyptian orig9 ( ! ,*ri/ian tr9ity3 ,! ,*ri/ian tr9ity is ( ,egyptian orig91 & is z surely a ,pagan doctr9e z ! belief 9 heav5 & hell1 ! exi/5ce ( a devil1 ( ar*angels1 angels1 spirits & sa9ts1 m>tyrs & virg9s1 int]cessors 9 heav51 gods & demigods1 & o!r =ms ( fai? :i* deface ! great] "p ( mod]n religions 7,anci5t ,pagan & ,mod]n ,*ri/ian ,symbolism1 p4 #ac74 ,!re are two my?s connect$ ) ,horus analog\s to /ories f\nd 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & :i* 7 old :5 ^! /ories 7 writt54 ,! hid+ ( ,horus 9 a m>% by 8 "m und\bt$ly sugge/$ ! my? ( ! hid+ ( ,moses 9 a m>% by 8 "m4 ,:5 ,horus di$ ,isis implor$ ,ra1 ! sun1 to re/ore him to life4 ,ra /opp$ 8 %ip 9 mid-heav5 & s5t d[n ,?o?1 ! moon1 to br+ him back to life4 ,! /opp+ ( ! sun & moon by ,isis recalls ! my? ( ! /opp+ ( ! sun & moon by ,jo%ua4 ,! deification & wor%ip ( ! ,virg9 _h its orig9 9 ! wor%ip ( ,isis1 & ! adoration ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild is b ! adoration ( ,isis & ,horus transf]r$ to ,m>y & ,jesus4 ,describ+ ! ,paganization ( ,*ri/ianity ,dr4 ,drap] says3 ,views ( ! ,tr9ity1 9 accordance ) ,egyptian tradition1 7 e/abli%$4 ,n only 0 ! adoration ( ,isis "u a new "n re/or$1 b ev5 h] image /&+ on ! cresc5t moon reappe>$4 ,! well-kn[n effigy ( t goddess1 ) ! infant ,horus 9 h] arms1 has desc5d$ to our days 9 ! beautiful arti/ic creations ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild 7,conflict1 p4 #dh74 ,t ! ,virg9 ,m>y ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* 0 borr[$ f ,egypt is %[n by ! fact t 9 ! e>li] repres5tations ( h]1 %e 01 l ,isis1 veil$4 ,conc]n+ ?is ,drap]1 9 8 ,intellectual ,developm5t 7,vol4 ,i1 p4 #cfa71 says3 ,( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 de/9$ 9 lat] times to furni% s _m beautiful types ( female lovel9ess1 ! e>lie/ repres5tations are veil$4 ,! ,egyptian sculptors _h ?us depict$ ,isis2 ! fir/ =m ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild 0 ! c\nt]p>t ( ,isis & ,horus4 ,dr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,br[n1 au?or ( ,rese>*es 9 ,ori5tal ,hi/ory1 writes3 ,mural illu/rations ( ?is "m & *ild are n conf9$ to ,egypt1 b are scatt]$ all ov] ,asia ,m9or1 & are num]\s 9 ,italy1 :ile _m temples & %r9es are yet f\nd :i* 7 erect$ to _! memory4 ,mat!w ii1 #ae1 claims to be a quotation f "o ( ! prophets3 ',out ( ,egypt h ,i call$ my son4' ,writ+ ( ! anci5t ,gno/ics1 ,c4 ,w4 ,k+1 a not$ ,engli% au?or1 says3 ,to ?is p]iod belongs a beautiful s>d 9 my collection1 repres5t+ ,s]apis1 99 99 99 :il/ be=e him /&s ,isis1 hold+ 9 "o h& ! si/rum1 9 ! o!r a :eat%eaf1 ) ! leg5d3 ',immaculate is our lady ,isis1' ! v t]m appli$ aft]w>ds to t p]sonage :o succe$$ to h] =m1 h] symbols1 rites1 & c]emonies 7,gno/ics & ,_! ,rema9s1 p4 #ga74 ,reg>d+ ! transf]5ce ( ! attributes ( ,isis to ,m>y1 ,newton1 9 8 ,assyrian ,grove & ,o!r ,emblems1 says3 ,:5 ,m>y1 ! "m ( ,jesus1 took ! place 9 ,*ri/5dom ( '! great goddess1' ! dogmas :i* prop\nd$ h] immaculate conception & p]petual virg9ity foll[$ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,! ',black ,virg9s1' says ,k+1 s highly rev]5c$ 9 c]ta9 ,fr5* ca!drals dur+ ! middle ages1 prov$1 :5 critically exam9$1 basalt figures ( ,isis4 ,mrs4 ,besant believes t ,*ri/ianity 0 d]iv$ *iefly f ,egypt3 ,x grew out ( ,egypt2 its gospels came f !nce ,alex&ria2 its c]emonies 7 le>n$ !re2 its ,virg9 is ,isis2 its ,*ri/ ,osiris & ,horus4 ,( ! antiquity ( ,egypt's religion1 & ! mutability ( ! gods1 t brilliant "y ,engli%man1 ,w9wood ,reade1 ?us writes3 ,buri$ cities are b5ea? our feet2 ! gr\nd on :i* we tread is ! pavem5t ( a tomb4 ,see ! pyramids t[]+ to ! sky1 ) m51 l insects1 crawl+ r\nd _! base2 & ! ,sph9x1 c\*$ 9 va/ repose1 ) a ru9$ temple betwe5 its paws4 ,s9ce ^? great monum5ts 7 rais$ ! v heav5s h be5 *ang$4 ,:5 ! ar*itects ( ,egypt began _! "w1 !re 0 ano!r pol> /> 9 ! nor!rn sky1 & ! s\!rn cross %one ^u ! ,baltic %ores4 ,h[ glori\s are ! memories ( ^? anci5t m51 ^: names are =gott51 = !y liv$ & labor$ 9 ! di/ant & unwritt5 pa/4 ,too great to be kn[n1 !y sit on ! height ( c5turies & look d[n on fame4 99 99 99 ,! m5 are dead1 & ! gods are dead4 ,naught b _! memories rema94 ,:]e n[ is ,osiris1 :o came d[n ^u e>? out ( love = man1 :o 0 kill$ by ! malice ( ! evil "o1 :o rose aga9 f ! grave & became ! judge ( ! dead8 ,:]e n[ is ,isis ! "m1 ) ! *ild ,horus 9 h] lap8 ,!y are dead2 !y are gone to ! l& ( ! %ades4 ,to-morr[1 ,jehovah1 y & y\r son %all be ) !m4 ,zeus4 ,zeus1 ,jove1 or ,jupit]1 z he is v>i\sly call$1 0 ! greate/ ( ! sons ( gods & held ! highe/ place 9 ! pan!ons ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,he 0 ! son ( ! god ,kronos & ! goddess ,rhea4 ,! gods ( ,greece1 :ile mo/ly pure my?s1 7 yet int5sely human4 ,9 ^! gods human vices sank to ! l[e/ dep?s & human virtues rose to ! l(tie/ heights4 ,zeus 0 "o ( ! mo/ pu]ile1 "o ( ! mo/ sublime1 "o ( ! mo/ deprav$ & "o ( ! mo/ b5efic5t ( deities4 ,9 ! words ( ,&rew ,lang1 ,he is ! sum ( ! religi\s ?\ght ( ,hellas1 f\nd 9 ! numb]less ages betwe5 savag]y & complete civilization4 ,zeus1 l ,*ri/1 assum$ ! =m ( man4 ,! life ( ! infant ,pagan deity1 l t ( ! infant ,*ri/ian deity1 0 imp]il$4 ,kronos tri$ to de/roy him1 b he 0 secret$ 9 a cave & sav$4 ,!re 0 a widely accept$ tradition among primitive ,*ri/ians1 be=e ! my? ( ! %eph]d's mang] ga9$ cr$5ce1 t ,*ri/ 0 cradl$ 9 a cave4 ,conc]n+ ^! my?s1 ,/rauss says3 ,! my?s ( ! anci5t _w m g5]ally ascrib$ div9e app>itions to c\ntrym5 & %eph]ds2 ! sons ( ! gods1 & ( great m5 7 frequ5tly br\ght up among %eph]ds4 ,9 ! same _s ( ! anci5t leg5d is ! apocryphal inv5tion t ,jesus 0 born 9 a cave1 & we are at once rem9d$ ( ! cave ( ,jupit] 7,zeus7 & ! o!r gods 7,leb5 ,jesu1 p4 #aed74 ,?is god1 l ,jehovah1 became ! rul] ( heav5 & e>?4 ,l ,jehovah he became dissatisfi$ ) ! human race1 & ) ! aid ( ,p&ora1 :o br\ght dea? into ! _w1 tri$ to de/roy x t he might create a new race4 ,s5eca ref]s to ,zeus z ! gu>dian & rul] ( ! univ]se1 ! s\l & _s1 ! "l & ma/] ( ?is mundane sph]e 99 99 99 f :om all ?+s proce$1 by ^: _s we live4 ,lecky says3 ,! language 9 :i* ! fir/ ,greek dramati/s ass]t$ ! supreme au?ority & univ]sal provid5ce ( ,zeus 0 s emphatic t ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs commonly attribut$ x ei!r to direct inspiration or to a k ( ! ,jewi% writ+s 7,european ,morals1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #afa74 ,"o ( ! daught]s ( ,zeus 0 ,p]sephone1 ,life4 ,h] "m 0 ,demet]1 ! ,e>?4 ,hades seiz$ ,p]sephone & c>ri$ h] to 8 regions 9 ! l[] _w :]e %e became 8 wife4 ,!n ,e>? became disconsolate & c\ld n be consol$4 ,to assuage ! grief ( ! sorr[+ "m ,hades agre$ to give h] back to ,e>? = half ! ye>4 ,:ile ,life dwells ) h] "m1 ,e>?1 we h summ]1 & fl[]s1 & fruits1 & joy4 ,:5 ,life returns to h] husb&1 ,hades1 w9t] & desolation return to ,e>?4 ,( ?is goddess ,ridpa? says3 ,p]sephone is close to ,eve4 ,eve means ,life1 & %\ld h be5 s r5d]$1 & w\ld h be5 b = ! blund]+ ( ! ,engli% translators 7,hi/ory ( ! ,_w1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #eja74 ,! realm ( ,hades 0 call$ by 8 "n4 ,! t]m 0 borr[$ by ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t b has be5 translat$ hell4 ,*ri/ians took possession ( ,hades' k+dom2 b ,hades 0 de?ron$ to make room = ! ,ori5tal ,satan1 & ! sad yet peaceful abode ( dep>t$ spirits 0 trans=m$ into a lake ( fire1 ! habitation ( ! damn$4 ,! inhabitants ( ,crete1 :o believ$ 9 ! inc>nation & dea? ( ,zeus1 gu>d$ = c5turies ) zeal\s c>e :at !y alleg$ to be ! tomb ( _! god4 ,apollo4 ,?is god1 "o ( ! pr9cipal sol> deities1 0 ! son ( ,zeus4 ,8 "m 0 ,leto4 ,l ,m>y1 ,leto _h no hospitable place = h] acc\*em5t1 & br\ght h] *ild =? on ! b>r5 isle ( ,delos1 :]e female div9ities m9i/]$ to !m4 ,! isle 0 illum9at$ by a flood ( light1 ! prototype ( a lat] sc5e :]e ! glory ( ! ,"l %one r\nd ab\t ! %eph]ds 9 ! field at ,be?lehem2 :ile sacr$ swans1 l ! cele/ial visitants ( ,luke1 made joy\s gyrations 9 ! air above !m4 ,apollo 0 ! be/ belov$ god ( ,greece1 & 0 repres5t$ z "o ( ! mo/ p]fect types ( manly beauty4 ,l ,*ri/ he l$ on e>? a l[ly life1 foll[+ = a "t ! humble avocation ( a h]dsman4 ,l ,*ri/ he came to reveal ! w ( 8 fa!r4 ,he *ose = 8 disciples a crew ( sailors or fi%]m54 ,^!1 l ! disciples ( ,*ri/1 7 end[$ ) miracul\s p[]s4 ,apollo 0 reg>d$ z a savior4 ,he rescu$ ! p f ! deadly py?on1 :i* 0 desolat+ ! l&4 ,num]\s fe/ivals1 simil> to ^? held 9 honor ( ,*ri/1 7 held 9 honor ( ,apollo4 ,9 its article on ?is god ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia says3 ,t[>ds ! lat] p]iod ( ! supremacy ( paganism 9 ! ,roman ,empire1 ,apollo1 z ! deity ( ! sun1 _h assum$ ! *ief place 9 hea!n wor%ip4 ,z indicat+ t ,*ri/ 0 ! true 'light ( ! _w1' ! ',sun ( righte\sness'--! mo/ favorite figure us$ 9 speak+ ( ! ,savior 9 ! e>ly c5turies--?is v figure ( ,apollo 0 (t5 introduc$ z indicat+ ,*ri/4 ,leto1 ! "m ( ,apollo1 0 believ$ to be1 l ,m>y1 ! "m ( ,*ri/1 a mortal rais$ to div9ity4 ,h] wor%ip1 l t ( ,m>y1 0 widespread & la/$ = c5turies4 ,p]seus4 ,! ,virg9 my?1 ! ,holy ,gho/ my?1 & ! ,h]odian my? all h _! prototypes 9 ,p]seus4 ,long be=e 8 bir? x 0 prophesi$ t he w\ld be born ( ! virg9 ,danae1 & t he w\ld supplant ,acrisius 9 8 k+dom4 ,to prev5t ?is ,acrisius conf9$ ,danae 9 a t[]4 ,"h %e 0 ov]%ad[$ by ,zeus 9 a %[] ( gold1 & ,p]seus 0 born4 ,to de/roy him ,acrisius plac$ him ) 8 "m 9 a *e/ & ca/ !m into ! sea4 ,!y drift$ to an isl& & ! *ild 0 sav$4 ,he grew to manhood1 p]=m$ _m wond]ful works1 vanqui%$ 8 enemy & asc5d$ ! ?rone4 ,h]cules4 ,?is god 0 ! son ( ,zeus & ! virg9 ,alcm5i4 ,8 "m1 l ! "m ( ,jesus1 reta9$ h] virg9ity aft] ! bir? ( h] *ild4 ,! ,greek babe1 l ! ,jewi% babe1 _h an enemy4 ,h]a attempt$ to de/roy ! =m]1 j z ,h]od aft]w>d attempt$ to de/roy ! latt]4 ,l ,*ri/ he di$ a dea? ( agony4 ,:5 8 labors 7 f9i%$1 he clos$ 8 e>?ly c>e] by m\nt+ a fun]al pyre f :i*1 surr\nd$ by a d>k cl\d1 amid ?und] & lightn+1 he asc5d$ to heav54 ,! ,tyrian ,h]cules 0 wor%ip$ by ! ,jews1 & ,jason1 ! ,jewi% high-prie/1 s5t a religi\s embassy ) an (f]+ ( #cjj dra*ms ( silv] to ?is god4 ,pr(4 ,me9hold1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,bonn1 says3 ,! transfiguration & asc5sion ( ,*ri/ may be comp>$ to ! hea!n apo!osis ( su* h]oes z ,h]cules1 :ile ! /ory ( ! desc5t into ,hades is model$ aft] su* n>ratives z ^? describ+ ! visit ( ,h]cules & ,!seus to ! l[] _w4 ,max ,mull] pron\nces ,h]cules a sol> god4 ,8 twelve labors1 l ! twelve apo/les ( ,*ri/1 correspond to ! twelve signs ( ! ,zodiac4 ,*ri/ians h admitt$ ! resemblance ( ?is god to ,*ri/4 ,p>khur/'s ,hebrew ,lexicon says3 ,! labors ( ,h]cules seem to h _h a /ill high] view & to h be5 orig9ally design$ z emblematical memorials ( :at ! real son ( ,god & savior ( ! _w 0 to d & suff] = our sakes4 ,! ,rev4 ,he9ri* ,r[] says3 ,we are all acqua9t$ ) ! fact t 9 _! my?ological leg5ds ! ,greeks & ! ,romans & o!r nations ( antiquity speak ( c]ta9 p]sons z ! sons ( ! gods4 ,an example ( ?is is ,h]cules1 ! ,greek h]o1 :o is ! son ( ,jupit]1 & an e>?ly "m4 99 99 99 ,all ^? m5 :o p]=m$ great] de$s ?an ^? :i* human be+s usually d are reg>d$ by antiquity z ( div9e orig94 ,?is ,greek & hea!n notion has be5 appli$ to ! ,new ,te/am5t & *ur*ly conception ( ! p]son ( ,jesus4 ,we mu/ rememb] t at ! "t :5 ,*ri/ianity sprang into evid5ce1 ,greek culture & ,greek religion spread ov] ! :ole _w4 ,x is accord+ly no?+ rem>kable t ! ,*ri/ians took f ! hea!ns ! highe/ religi\s conceptions t !y possess$1 & transf]r$ !m to ,jesus4 ,!y accord+ly call$ him ! son ( ,god1 & decl>$ t he _h be5 sup]naturally born ( a virg94 ,?is is ! ,greek & hea!n influ5ce :i* has det]m9$ ! "* ( ! acc\nt giv5 by ,mat!w & ,luke conc]n+ ! bir? ( ,jesus4 ,dionysos4 ,zagreus 0 ! son ( ,zeus4 ,he 0 sla9 by ! ,titans1 buri$ at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,p>nassus1 & rose f ! dead z ,dionysos4 ,he 0 ! god ( fruit & w9e4 ,l ^? ( ,*ri/ 8 mo/ devot$ foll[]s 7 wom54 ,he is ! belov$ son & occupies a ?rone at ! "r h& ( 8 fa!r1 ,zeus4 ,8 empty tomb at ,delphi 0 long pres]v$ by 8 devotees z pro( ( 8 dea? & resurrection4 ,! /ories ( ! resurrection ( ,adonis 9 ,pho5icia1 ( ,osiris 9 ,egypt & ( ,dionysos 9 ,greece 7 old :5 ,*ri/ 0 born1 & pav$ ! way = ! orig9 & acceptance ( ! /ory ( 8 resurrection4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr recogniz$ ! analogies betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,paganism4 ,address+ ! ,pagans1 he writes3 ,:5 we say t ! ,^w1 :o is ! fir/ born ( ,god1 0 produc$ )\t sexual union1 & t he1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 our tea*]1 0 crucifi$ & di$1 & rose aga91 & asc5d$ into heav52 we prop\nd no?+ diff]5t f :at y believe reg>d+ ^? :om y e/eem sons ( ,jupit] 7,zeus7 7,fir/ ,apology1 *4 xxi74 ,fe/ivals1 call$ ,l5aea & ! ,great] ,dionysia1 correspond+ 9 a measure to ! ,*ri/mas & ,ea/] ( ,*ri/ians1 7 celebrat$ 9 honor ( ?is god4 ,pr(4 ,gulick1 pr(essor ( ,greek 9 ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 describ+ ^! fe/ivals1 says3 ,9 ! w9t] came v>i\s celebrations 9 honor ( ,dionysos1 god ( nature & ! v9e1 ! object ( :i* 0 to wake ! sleep+ _s ( g5]ation & r5d] him propiti\s = ! com+ ( spr+ & ! s[+ ( crops 99 99 99 ,! w9e-casks 7 op5$1 & all1 ev5 slaves1 7 all[$ p]fect holiday & lib]ty to dr9k 9 honor ( ! god4 ,! la/ day ( ! fe/ival 0 a sort ( ,all ,s\ls' ,day1 be+ devot$ to ! gods ( ! und]world & ! spirits ( ! dead 7,life ( ! ,anci5t ,greeks1 pp4 #bgd1 #bge74 ,! ,great ,dionysia1 says ,pr(4 ,gulick1 held 9 ! spr+1 0 ! occasion ( display & magnific5ce 7,ibid1 p4 #aac74 ,s-call$ ,*ri/ian burial is id5tical ) ,greek burial4 ,anci5t ,greek sepulture is ?us describ$ by ,ridpa?3 ,to ! dead 7 due ! sacr$ rites ( sepulture 99 99 99 ,:5 a ,greek fell into 8 la/ slumb]1 ! fri5ds imm$iately compos$ ! body 99 99 99 ,! corse 0 clad 9 :ite & laid ^u a bi]4 ,fl[]s 7 br\ght by ! m\rn+ fri5ds1 :o put on badges ( sorr[ 99 99 99 ,cemet]ies 7 arrang$ outside ! city walls 99 99 99 ,ov] ea* grave 0 rais$ a m\nd ( e>?1 & on ?is 7 plant$ ivy & roses4 99 99 99 ,ov] ! grave 0 erect$ a memorial /one or monum5t1 & on ?is 0 an inscription giv+ ! "n ( ! dead1 an effigy p]haps ( 8 p]son1 a ^w ( praise = 8 virtues1 & an epigram compos$ = 8 memory 7,hi/ory ( ! ,^w1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #dig74 ,prome!us4 ,! ,titan god1 ,prome!us1 0 ! son ( ,iapetus & ,asia4 ,he is "o ( ! mo/ sublime creations ( ! human imag9ation4 ,:5 ,zeus1 l ,jehovah1 became enrag$ at mank9d & s\ght to de/roy x1 ,prome!us1 l ,*ri/1 came on e>? to int]c$e & suff] = ! race4 ,hurl$ to ,t>t>us by ! ?und]bolts ( ,zeus he came aga9 to endure1 if ne$ be1 et]nal agony = man4 ,= c5turies ,greeks & ,romans believ$ ! /ory ( ?is vic>i\s god to be hi/orical4 ,grote1 ! hi/orian1 says3 ,s long & s firmly did ?is belief cont9ue1 t ! ,roman g5]al ,pompey1 :5 9 comm& ( an army 9 ,kol*is1 made ) 8 companion1 ! lit]>y ,greek ,!ophanes1 a special m>* to view ! spot 9 ,caucasus :]e ,prome!us _h be5 transfix$ 7,greek ,my?ology1 pp4 #ib1 #ic74 ,ref]r+ to ! ,greeks & _! great trag$y1 ,prome!us ,b\nd1 ,a4 ,l4 ,rawson says3 ,its h]o 0 _! fri5d1 b5efactor1 creator1 & savior1 ^: wrongs 7 incurr$ 9 _! behalf1 & ^: sorr[s 7 endur$ = _! salvation4 ,he 0 w\nd$ = _! transgressions1 & bruis$ = _! iniquities2 ! *a/isem5t ( _! peace 0 ^u him1 & by 8 /ripes !y 7 heal$ 7,isaiah liii1 #e71 7,evolution ( ,israel's ,god1 p4 #cj74 ,allud+ to ?is subject1 ,dr4 ,we/brook writes3 ,! ,new ,te/am5t description ( ! crucifixion & ! att5d+ circum/ances1 ev5 to ! e>?quake & d>kness1 0 ?us anticipat$ by five c5turies 7,bible3 ,:5ce & ,:at874 ,! dy+ ,*ri/ %>es ) ! dy+ ,prome!us ! sympa?ies ( m54 ,b h[ trivial ! crucifixion1 h[ light ! suff]+1 & h[ weak ! c\rage ( ! ,*ri/ian god appe> comp>$ ) ! cruel crucifixion1 ! inf9ite suff]+1 & ! dea?less c\rage ( ! immortal ,pagan6 ,transfix$ to ! rock on ,caucasus1 ! ,golgo?a ( ,greek my?ology1 ) ! dev\r+ eagle fe$+ =ev] on 8 vitals1 !re falls f 8 lips no murmur ( pa91 no ,saba*?ani ( despair4 ,:at l(ty h]oism1 :at endur+ pati5ce1 :at unselfi% love1 ?is tragic /ory has inspir$6 ,to suff] woes :i* hope ?9ks inf9ite2 ,to =give wrongs d>k] ?an dea? or night2 ,to defy p[] :i* seems omnipot5t2 ,to love & be>2 to hope till hope creates ,f its own wreck ! ?+ x contemplates2 ,nei!r to *ange1 to falt]1 nor rep5t2 ,?is1 l ?y glory1 ,titan1 is to be ,good1 great1 & joy\s1 beautiful & free4 --,%elley4 ,esculapius4 ,esculapius 0 ! illegitimate son ( ! nymph ,coronis1 by ,apollo4 ,! "m1 at ! in/igation ( ,apollo1 0 sla9 by ,diana2 b ! *ild 0 sp>$4 ,he became not$ = 8 wond]ful curative p[]s4 ,he heal$ all diseases1 & ev5 re/or$ ! dead to life4 ,he 0 call$ ,! ,good ,physician4 ,he 0 /ruck by a ?und]bolt & asc5d$ to heav54 ,! ,greeks wor%ip$ him4 ,! miracul\s cures ascrib$ to ,*ri/1 _m ( !m1 d\btless1 _h _! orig9 9 ! leg5ds ( ,esculapius4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr says3 ,9 t we say he ,*ri/ made :ole ! lame1 ! p>alytic1 & ^? born bl9d1 we seem to say :at is v simil> to ! de$s said to h be5 done by ,esculapius 7,fir/ ,apology1 *4 xxi74 ,plato4 ,"o ( ! mo/ gift$ ( mortals 0 ,plato4 ,8 foll[]s believ$ him to be ( div9e desc5t4 ,conc]n+ 8 p>5tage1 ,dr4 ,drap] says3 ,antiquity has (t5 delight$ to ca/ a halo ( my?ical glory ar\nd its illu/ri\s names4 ,! immortal works ( ?is great philosoph] seem$ to entitle him to m ?an mortal honors4 ,a leg5d into ! au!nticity ( :i* we w ab/a9 f inquir+1 ass]t$ t 8 "m1 ,p]ictione1 a pure virg91 suff]$ an immaculate conception ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ,apollo4 ,! god decl>$ to ,ari/on1 to :om %e 0 ab\t to be m>ri$1 ! p>5tage ( ! *ild 7,intellectual ,developm5t1 ,vol4 ,i1 p4 #aea74 ,conc]n+ ?is my?1 ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia says3 ,leg5d1 :i* is trac$ back to ,sp5sipus1 ! nephew ( ,plato1 ascrib$ ! pat]nity ( ,plato to ! god ,apollo2 &1 9 ! =m 9 :i* ! /ory is told by ,olympiodorus1 closely imitates ! record 9 reg>d to ! nativity ( ,*ri/ 7,art4 ,plato74 ,immaculate conceptions 7 common 9 ,greece4 ,! furtive pregnancy ( "y wom51 (t5 by a god1 says ,grote1 is "o ( ! mo/ frequ5tly recurr+ incid5ts 9 ! leg5d>y n>ratives ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,*ri/ian /ory ( ! miracul\s conception has n ev5 ! m]it ( orig9ality4 ,) ! ,platonic leg5d be=e him1 all t ! ,evangeli/ _h to d 0 to sub/itute ,jehovah = ,apollo1 ,joseph = ,ari/on1 ,m>y = ,p]ictione1 & ,jesus = ,plato4 ,! philosophy ( ,plato is a /range comp\nd ( pr(\nd wisdom conc]n+ ! kn[n & ( vague speculations respect+ ! unkn[n4 ,! latt] =m no inconsid]able portion ( ! religion ascrib$ to ,*ri/4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion is suppos$ to be ( ,semitic orig92 b its doctr9es are1 _m ( !m1 ! "w ( ,greek !ologians2 its inc>nate ,god be>s a ,greek "n1 & its e>ly lit]ature 0 mo/ly ,greek4 ,drap] recognizes ?ree primitive modifications ( ,*ri/ianity3 #a4 ,judaic ,*ri/ianity2 #b4 ,gno/ic ,*ri/ianity2 #c4 ,platonic ,*ri/ianity4 ,platonic ,*ri/ianity1 he says1 endur$ & is ess5tially ! ,*ri/ianity ( to-day4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! pr9ciples ( ,plato's philosophy3 ,!re is b "o ,god1 & we ought to love & s]ve him4 ,! ,^w =m$ ! _w & r5d]$ x visible4 ,a k ( ! ,^w w make u happy4 ,! s\l is immortal1 & ! dead w rise aga94 ,!re w be a f9al judgm5t2 ! righte\s w be rew>d$1 & ! wick$ puni%$4 ,! design argum5t1 ! *ief argum5t reli$ ^u by ,*ri/ians to prove ! div9e orig9 ( ! univ]se1 is a ,platonic argum5t4 ,9 a lett] to ! au?or tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 ,james ,p>ton wrote3 ,read c>efully ov] ! dialogue1 ,pha$o4 ,y w see :at y w see3 ! :ole ,*ri/ian sy/em & ! entire dream ( ! contemplative monk4 ,pha$o deals *iefly ) ! s\l--its nature & de/9y4 ,! foll[+ quotations are f ! translation ( ,h5ry ,c>y1 ,m4,a41 ( ,ox=d3 ,dea? is def9$ by ,plato z ! sep>ation ( ! s\l f ! body4 ,c ! s\l1 :i* is invisible1 & :i* goes to ano!r place l itself1 excell5t1 pure1 & invisible1 & !re=e truly call$ ! invisible _w1 to ! pres5ce ( a good & wise ,god1 7:i!r if ,god w1 my s\l also mu/ %ortly g71 c ?is s\l ( ours1 ,i ask1 be+ su* & ( su* a nature1 :5 sep>at$ f ! body1 be imm$iately disp]s$ & de/roy$1 z mo/ m5 ass]t8 ,f> f x4 ,if t :i* is immortal is imp]i%able1 x is impossible = ! s\l to p]i%1 :5 dea? approa*es x4 ,:51 !re=e1 dea? approa*es a man1 ! mortal "p ( him1 z x appe>s1 dies1 b ! immortal "p dep>ts safe & uncorrupt$1 hav+ )drawn itself f dea?4 ,aft] dea?1 ,plato says1 ! s\ls are conduct$ to a place :]e !y receive s5t5ce & !n proce$ to ,hades4 ,if ! s\l arrives at ! place :]e ! o!rs are1 impure1 444 e "o %uns x1 & w nei!r be its fell[ travel] or guide1 b x w&]s ab\t oppress$ ) e k9d ( helplessness4444 ,b ! s\l :i* has pass$ ?r\gh life ) purity & mod]ation1 hav+ obta9$ ! gods = its fell[ travel]s & guides1 settles ea* 9 ! place suit$ to x4 ,if ! s\l is immortal1 x requires our c>e n only = ! pres5t "t1 :i* we call life1 b = all "t2 & ! dang] w\ld n[ appe> to be dreadful1 if "o %\ld neglect x4 ,= if dea? 7 a deliv]ance f ev]y?+1 x w\ld be a great ga9 = ! wick$1 :5 !y die1 to be deliv]$ at ! same "t f ! body1 & f _! vices toge!r ) ! s\l2 b n[1 s9ce x appe>s to be immortal1 x c h no o!r refuge f evils1 nor safety1 except by becom+ z good & wise z possible4 ,*ri/1 x is claim$1 br\ght immortality to light4 ,yet ,pha$o 0 writt5 ne>ly f\r c5turies be=e ,*ri/ came4 ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia conc$es ,plato's ne> approximation to ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity--"s ( :i*1 x says1 he ann\nces almo/ 9 ! language ( ! ,apo/les4 ,cont9u+1 ?is au?ority says3 ,we "k no m t]rible & sublime picture ?an ! passage 9 :i* he depicts ! dead pres5t+ !mselves = judgm5t 9 ! o!r _w1 sc>r$ & blot*$ & br&$ ) ! in]adicable m>ks ( _! e>?ly s9s4 ,yet ?is is b "o ( _m analog\s passages4 ,?is approximation to reveal$ tru? is among ! mo/ insoluble problems bequea!d to u by antiquity4444 ,we (f] no solution ( ! enigma1 :i* awaits its ,o$ipus4 ,we only note ! exi/5ce ( ! riddle 7,plato74 ,pr(4 ,gunkel1 ( ,b]l91 says3 ',*ri/ianity is a syncreti/ic religion4 ,x is provid5tial t x pass$ safely ov] f ! ,ori5t into ! ,greek _w4 ,x imbib$ bo? influ5ces1 & acquir$ _m features t 7 =eign to ! orig9al gospel4' ,py?agoras4 ,?is religio-philosophical tea*] liv$ 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ! c5tury 9 :i* fl\ri%$ ,buddha1 ,la\-tsze1 & ,confucius1 ?ree ( ! _w's greate/ religi\s f\nd]s4 ,greece 0 8 native1 & ,italy 8 adopt$1 c\ntry4 ,8 hi/ory is l>gely obscur$ by my?s4 ,he 0 claim$ to be1 l ,plato1 ! son ( ,apollo4 ,he 0 said to h p]=m$ miracles & to h be5 end[$ ) ! gift ( prophecy4 ,he travel$ 9 ,egypt & ,india1 & 8 sy/em conta9s "s elem5ts ( ! ,egyptian & ,buddhi/ religions4 ,!re 0 a small ,jewi% sect1 kn[n z ! ,ess5es1 :i* adopt$ to a l>ge ext5t ! tea*+s ( ,py?agoras4 ,jesus is believ$ to h belong$ to ?is sect4 ,!re is an ,ess5e elem5t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* is especially prom95t 9 ! tea*+s ascrib$ to ,*ri/4 ,josephus1 9 8 ,w>s ( ! ,jews1 describes at l5g? ! doctr9es & cu/oms ( ?is sect4 ,f ,josephus & ! ,new ,te/am5t ,i cite a few ( ! p>allels betwe5 ! religion ( ! ,ess5es & ! religion ( ,*ri/4 ,^! m5 are despis]s ( ,a ri* man %all h>dly ent] into ri*es 7,w>s1 ,b4 ,,ii1 *4 viii1 ! k+dom ( heav5 7,matt4 xix1 sec4 #c74 #bc74 ,x is a law among !m1 t ,nei!r said any ( !m t ^? :o come to !m mu/ let aught ( ! ?+s :i* he :at !y h be common to ! possess$ 0 8 own2 b !y _h :ole ord] 7,ibid74 all ?+s common 7,acts iv1 #cb74 ,!y c>ry no?+ at all ) ,provide nei!r gold1 nor silv]1 !m :5 !y travel into remote nor brass 9 y\r purses1 nor scrip p>ts 7,sec4 #d74 = y\r j\rney 7,matt4 x1 #i1 #aj74 ,e "o ( !m gives :at he ,give to him t aske? !e ha? to him t wante? x 7,matt4 v1 #db47 7,ib74 ,& he took bread1 & gave ,a prie/ says grace be=e meat ?anks 7,luke xxii1 #ai74 7,sec4 #e74 ,bless$ are ! peace-mak]s ,!y 444 are ! m9i/]s ( 7,matt4 v1 #i74 peace 7,sec4 #f74 ,b ,i say unto y1 ,swe> n at ,:atsoev] !y say also is all2 444 b let y\r communication firm] ?an an oa?2 b swe>+ be1 yea1 yea2 nay1 nay 7,matt4 v1 is avoid$ by !m 7,sec4 #f74 #cd1 #cg74 ,closely alli$ to ! ,ess5es & ! primitive ,*ri/ians is ano!r ,py?agorian sect1 kn[n z ! ,!rapeuts ( ,egypt4 ,reg>d+ ?is sect1 f\r diff]5t !ories are held3 #a4 ,t !y 7 a ,jewi% sect4 #b4 ,t !y 7 a ,jewi% ,*ri/ian sect4 #c4 ,t !y 7 ,pagans1 _m ( ^: tea*+s 7 incorporat$ into ! ,*ri/ian cre$4 #d4 ,t !y are a my?1 t ! ,de ,vita ,contemplativa ( ,philo1 :i* conta9s ! only acc\nt ( !m1 is a ,*ri/ian =g]y1 writt5 = ! purpose ( extoll+ ! mona/ic life1 ! celibacy1 & ! asceticism ( ! *ur*4 ,bac*us4 ,bac*us 0 a ,roman god1 or r a ,roman modification ( ! ,greek god1 ,dionysos4 ,he 0 ! god ( w9e4 ,he cultivat$ ! v9e1 made w9e1 & enc\rag$ its use4 ,8 wor%ip ext5d$ ov] ne>ly ! :ole ( ! anci5t _w4 ,x consi/$ l>gely ( protract$ fe/ivals1 :]e w9e fl[$ freely1 & joy\s & noisy c]emonies 7 indulg$ 94 ,?is god & 8 wor%ip h surviv$ 9 ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity4 ,*ri/ 0 call$ a w9ebibb] 7,luke vii1 #cd72 he made w9e--8 fir/ miracle 0 ! conv]sion ( wat] into w9e 7,john ii1 #a-aj72 he bless$ ! w9ecup1 & comm&$ 8 disciples to dr9k 9 remembrance ( him 7,luke xxii1 #ag71 j z ! devotees ( ,bac*us drank 9 remembrance ( _! god4 ,*ri/ianity1 m ?an all o!r religions comb9$1 has contribut$ to keep alive ! ,bac*analian fea/s & revelries4 ,bac*us1 says ,volney1 9 ! hi/ory ( 8 :ole life1 & ev5 ( 8 dea?1 br+s to m9d ! hi/ory ( ! god ( ,*ri/ians 7,ru9s1 p4 #afi74 ,! cabali/ic names ( ,bac*us & ,jesus1 ,volney says1 7 ! same4 ,unit$ ) ! wor%ip ( ,bac*us1 & simil> to x1 0 ! wor%ip ( ! goddess ,c]es 7,demet]74 ,h] rites 7 kn[n z ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies4 ,cakes 7 eat5 9 h] honor4 ,& ?us 9 ! bread ( ,c]es & ! w9e ( ,bac*us we h ! bread & w9e ( ! ,*ri/ian ,eu*>i/4 ,x is well kn[n1 says ,dr4 ,we/brook1 t ! ,a!nians celebrat$ ! allegorical giv+ ( ! fle% to eat ( ,c]es1 ! goddess ( corn1 & 9 l mann] ! giv+ 8 blood to dr9k by ,bac*us1 ! god ( w9e4 ,?is wor%ip1 l ! ,mi?raic wor%ip1 :i* also includ$ ! communion1 _h its orig9 9 ! ,ea/1 & 0 "o ( ! fir/1 z well z "o ( ! la/1 ( ! religions ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome4 ,ano!r rite connect$ ) ! my/]ies 0 ! use ( holy wat]4 ,lempri]e1 9 8 ,classical ,diction>y1 describ+ ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies z !y exi/$ 9 ,greece c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 says3 ,z ! c&idates = initiation ent]$ ! temple1 !y purifi$ !mselves by wa%+ _! h&s 9 holy wat]4 ,! my/]ies compreh5d$ ! orig9 ( life1 & nature wor%ip 0 includ$ 9 ! c]emonies4 ,at ! fe/ivals wom5 c>ri$ ! phallus 9 _! processions4 ,reg>d+ ! wor%ip ( ,bac*us & ,c]es at ,rome1 ,*amb]s' ,encyclop$ia says3 ,^! rites deg5]at$1 & came to be celebrat$ ) a lic5ti\sness t ?reat5$ ! de/ruction ( morality & ( society itself4 ,!y 7 made ! occasion ( ! mo/ unnatural excesses4 ,at fir/1 only wom5 took "p 9 ^! my/]i\s ,bac*ic rites1 b latt]ly m5 also 7 admitt$4 ,! ,roman gov]nm5t suppress$ ! lat] ,bac*analian & ,eleus9ian fea/s1 toge!r ) ! ,*ri/ian ,agapae1 because ( _! debau*]ies1 obsc5ities1 & suppos$ infant sacrifices4 ,m]$i?1 9 ,! ,prophet ( ,naz>e? 7pp4 #bbe-bca71 in/itutes an exam9ation to asc]ta9 h[ f> ! ,eleus9ian & ,bac*analian fea/s resembl$ ! ,*ri/ian ,agapae4 ,8 conclusion is t ! facts %[ cle>ly t ! ,*ri/ian ,agapae 7 ( pagan orig9--7 id5tically ! same z ! pagan fea/s4 ,gibbon says3 ,! language ( t great hi/orian ,tacitus1 9 8 allusion to ,*ri/ians is almo/ simil> to ! /yle employ$ by ,livy1 :5 he relates ! introduction & ! suppression ( ! rites ( ,bac*us 7,rome1 vol4 #a1 ,p4 #egi74 ,ref]r+ to ! ,agapae1 ,dr4 ,cave says x 0 commonly *>g$ t ,*ri/ians ex]cis$ lu/ & fil?9ess "u a pret5se ( religion1 promiscu\sly call+ !mselves bro!rs & si/]s1 t by ! help ( s sacr$ a "n _! common adult]ies might become ince/u\s 7,primitive ,*ri/ianity1 ,"p ,,ii1 *ap4 v74 ,describ+ ! ,c>pocratians1 an e>ly ,*ri/ian sect1 ,dr4 ,cave says3 ,bo? m5 & wom5 us$ to meet at supp] 7:i* 0 call$ _! love-fea/71 :5 aft] !y _h load$ !mselves ) a pl5tiful meal1 to prev5t all %ame1 if !y _h any rema9+1 !y put out ! lights1 & !n promiscu\sly mix$ 9 fil?9ess ) "o ano!r 7,ibid74 ,! ,int]national ,cyclop$ia says3 ,) ! increase ( weal? & ! decay ( religi\s e>ne/ness & purity 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 ! ,agapae became occasions ( great riot\sness & debau*]ies4 ,! ,agapae1 ) _! excesses elim9at$1 survive 9 ! love-fea/s ( mod]n ,*ri/ians4 ,web/] def9es love-fea/ z a religi\s fe/ival1 held qu>t]ly by ! ,me?odi/s1 9 imitation ( ! ,agapae ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,t ^! my/]ies ( ,bac*us & ,c]es 7 adopt$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ians is l>gely admitt$ by ! great *ur* hi/orian himself4 ,writ+ ( ! second c5tury1 ,mo%eim says3 ,! pr(\nd respect paid to ! ,greek & ,roman my/]ies1 & ! extraord9>y sanctity t 0 attribut$ to !m1 0 a fur!r circum/ance t induc$ ! ,*ri/ians to give _! religion a my/ic air1 9 ord] to put x ^u an equal foot1 9 po9t ( dignity1 ) t ( ! ,pagans4 ,= ?is purpose !y gave ! "n ( 'my/]ies' to ! in/itutions ( ! gospel1 & decorat$ p>ticul>ly ! holy ,sacram5t ) t solemn title4 ,!y us$ 9 t sacr$ in/itution1 z also 9 t ( baptism1 sev]al ( ! t]ms employ$ 9 ! hea!n my/]ies & proce$$ s f> at l5g? z ev5 to adopt "s ( ! rites & c]emonies ( :i* ^! r5[n$ my/]ies consi/$4 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 p4 #ef47 ,engl&'s highe/ au?ority on e>ly ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 ,dean ,milman1 says3 ,*ri/ianity disda9$ t its ,god & its ,r$eem] %\ld be less magnific5tly honor$ ?an ! demons 7gods7 ( ,paganism4 ,9 ! s]vice x delight$ to brea!1 z x 71 a sublim] s5se into ! common appellations ( ! ,pagan wor%ip1 :e!r f ! ord9>y c]emonial or ! m secret my/]ies4 ,! *ur* became a temple2 ! table ( ! communion an alt>2 ! celebration ( ! ,eu*>i/1 ! appall+1 or unbloody sacrifice4444 ,! inc5se1 ! g>l&s1 ! lamps1 all 7 gradually adopt$ by zeal\s rivalry1 or seiz$ z ! lawful spoils ( vanqui%$ ,paganism & consecrat$ to ! s]vice ( ,*ri/4 ,! *ur* rival$ ! old hea!n my/]ies 9 exp&+ by sl[ degrees its high] privileges4444 ,its prep>atory c]emonial ( ab/95ce1 p]sonal purity1 ablution1 secrecy1 closely resembl$ t ( ! ,pagan my/]ies 7p]haps ea* may h contribut$ to ! o!r7 7,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 pp4 #cab1 #cac74 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,antiquities says3 ,! my/]ies occupi$ a place among ! anci5ts analog\s to t ( ! holy sacram5ts 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica makes ! same /atem5t4 ,james ,an?ony ,fr\de1 9 a lett] to ,pr(4 ,johnson1 ( ,engl&1 says3 ,i h long be5 conv9c$ t ! ,*ri/ian ,eu*>i/ is b a cont9uation ( ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies4 ,/4 ,paul1 9 us+ ! ^w teleiois1 almo/ confirms ?is4 ,saturn4 ,"o ( ! olde/ & mo/ r5[n$ ( ! ,european gods 0 ,saturn1 ^: "n 0 giv5 by ! anci5ts to "o ( ! planets & to "o ( ! days ( ! week4 ,he 0 wor%ip$ by ! inhabitants ( ,italy m ?an a ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/ came1 & c5turies be=e ,rome took h] place among ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,8 temples 7 locat$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,italy1 ! late/ & ! pr9cipal "o be+ at ,rome4 ,8 *ief fe/ival1 & ! greate/ ( all ! ,roman fe/ivals1 0 ! ,saturnalia celebrat$ at ! "t ( ! w9t] sol/ice4 ,?is fe/ival survives 9 ! ,*ri/ian fe/ival ( ,*ri/mas4 ,! foll[+ description ( ! ,saturnalia is f ! p5 ( ,ridpa?3 ,! mo/ elaborate ( all ! celebrations ( ,rome 0 t ( ,saturn1 held at ! w9t] sol/ice1 & aft]w>ds ext5d$ s z to include ! tw5ty-fif? ( ,decemb]4444 ,! fe/ival 0 call$ ! ,saturnalia4 ,labor ceas$1 public bus9ess 0 at an end1 ! c\rts 7 clos$1 ! s*ools _h holiday4 ,tables1 lad5 ) b\nties1 7 spread on e h&1 & at ^! all classes = ! nonce sat d[n toge!r4 ,! ma/] & ! slave = ! day 7 equals4 ,x 0 a "t ( gift-giv+ & innoc5t ab&onm5t4 ,9 ! public %ops e v>iety ( ! pres5t1 f ! simple/ to ! mo/ co/ly1 c\ld be f\nd4 ,fa!rs1 mo!rs1 k9speople1 fri5ds1 all hurri$ ?i!r to pur*ase1 accord+ to _! fancy1 :at ?+s soev] seem$ mo/ ta/eful & appropriate z pres5ts 7,hi/ory ( ! ,_w1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #ig74 ,conc]n+ ?is fe/ival ! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica says3 ,all classes ex*ang$ gifts1 ! commone/ be+ wax tap]s & clay dolls4 ,^! dolls 7 especially giv5 to *ildr51 & ! mak]s ( !m held a regul> fair at ?is "t4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal rites1 ! ,britannica says1 0 ! burn+ ( _m c&les4 ,! mod]n ,italian c>nival1 says ,*amb]s' ,encyclop$ia1 w\ld seem to be only ! old pagan ,saturnalia baptiz$ into ,*ri/ianity4 ,quir9us4 ,ne>ly e read] is famili> ) ! /ory ( ! f\nd+ ( ,rome4 ,rhea ,silvia1 a ve/al virg91 be>s tw9s by ! god ,m>s4 ,z !y are heirs to ! ?rone :i* ,amulius has usurp$1 he attempts to de/roy !m by dr[n+4 ,!y are miracul\sly pres]v$ & f9ally rescu$ by a %eph]d4 ,"o ( !m1 ,romulus1 becomes ! f\nd] & k+ ( ,rome4 ,aft] a reign ( #cg ye>s he is translat$ by 8 fa!r1 & ev5tually becomes ! tutel>y god ( ! ,romans1 "u ! "n ( ,quir9us4 ,! foll[+ acc\nt ( 8 translation is f ,*amb]s' ,encyclop$ia3 ,:ile he 0 /&+ ne> ! ',goat's ,pool' 9 ! ,campus ,m>tius1 review+ 8 militia1 ! sun 0 eclips$1 & a d>k /orm swept ov] ! pla9 & hills4 ,:5 x _h pass$1 ! p look$ r\nd = _! k+1 b he 0 gone4 ,8 fa!r1 ,m>s1 _h c>ri$ him up to heav5 7l ! prophet ,elijah7 9 a *>iot ( fire4 ,"s "t aft] he reappe>$ 9 a glorifi$ =m to ,proculus ,julius1 ann\nc$ ! future greatness ( ! ,roman p1 & told him t h5ce=? he w\ld wat* ov] !m z _! gu>dian god1 "u ! "n ( ,quir9us 7,art4 ,romulus74 ,next to ! ,saturnalia1 ! mo/ important religi\s fe/ival ( ,pagan ,rome 0 ! ,quir9alia1 :i* celebrat$ ! asc5sion ( ,quir9us4 ,x corresponds to ,asc5sion ,day1 "o ( ! pr9cipal religi\s fe/ivals ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 :i* celebrates ! asc5sion ( ,*ri/4 ,! sup]natural d>kness ( ! ,roman my?1 x is believ$1 sugge/$ ! sup]natural d>kness ( ! crucifixion my?4 ,! reappe>ance ( ,quir9us 9 a glorifi$ =m is also believ$ by "s to h sugge/$ ! transfiguration4 ,od94 ,od91 ! ,all-,fa!r1 held ! highe/ rank 9 ! ,nor!rn pan!on4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,bo] & ,be/la4 ,freya 0 8 que54 ,8 religion prevail$ among ! ,sc&9avians & among ! ,go?s1 ! ,saxons1 & o!r anci5t ,g]man tribes4 ,"s believe t he 0 an anci5t h]o :o ) a horde ( ,go?s or ,scy?ians conqu]$ ! ,nor? a ?\s& ye>s or m be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! prevail+ op9ion1 h[ev]1 is t ! ,norse my?ology _h its bir? 9 ,asia--9 ,india1 ,p]sia1 or ,accadia--& 0 c>ri$ by ! ,aryans to nor!rn ,europe1 :]e x und]w5t _m modifications4 ,?is my?ology recogniz$ z exi/+ 9 ! beg9n+1 two worlds--"o ! w>m ,s\?1 ! o!r ! icy ,nor?4 ,! entrance to ! ,s\?l& 0 gu>d$ by a flam+ sword4 ,betwe5 heat & cold1 z betwe5 good & evil1 !re 0 p]petual /rife4 ,f heat ,ymir 7,*aos71 ! fa!r ( giants1 0 evolv$4 ,od9 & 8 bro!rs slew ,ymir & f 8 body creat$ ! e>?1 8 fle% =m+ ! l&1 8 blood ! sea4 ,out ( two trees ,od9 made man & woman1 & brea!d into !m ! brea? ( life4 ,= ! abode ( man a fruitful g>d5 0 plant$ 9 ! c5t] ( ! e>? & call$ ,midg>d4 ,b5ea? ! e>? dwells ,hel1 ! goddess ( ! dead4 ,loki is ! god ( evil4 ,he w be *a9$ = a "t & !n releas$4 ,a bloody w> w foll[4 ,on "o side1 l$ by ,loki1 w fight ! ho/s ( ,hel2 on ! o!r ,od9 & 8 foll[]s4 ,loki w triumph = a :ile1 mank9d w be de/roy$1 & heav5 & e>? w be consum$ by fire4 ,b ,od9 w be victori\s 9 ! end4 ,he w create a new heav5 & a new e>?4 ,he w be ! rul] ( all ?+s1 & w dwell 9 heav51 :]e ! be/ & brave/ ( 8 foll[]s are to be receiv$ aft] dea?4 ,! ,norse1 ! ,p]sian1 & ! ,*ri/ian doctr9es1 reg>d+ ! de/ruction ( ! _w by fire1 all _h a common orig94 ,?or4 ,?or 0 ! son ( ,od9 & ! virg9 ,e>?4 ,he 0 call$ ! fir/ born son ( ,god4 ,8 wor%ip 0 m widespread ?an t ( any o!r ,nor!rn god4 ,9 ! temple at ,upsala he occupi$ ! same place 9 ! ,sc&9avian ,tr9ity t ,*ri/ does 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,tr9ity4 ,l ,*ri/ he di$ = man & 0 wor%ip$ z a ,savior4 ,midg>d _h a s]p5t1 m =midable if n m wily ?an t ( ,ed51 :i* ?reat5$ to de/roy ! human race4 ,?or attack$ & slew ! mon/]1 b 0 himself kill$ by ! v5om :i* 0 exhal$ f x4 ,! slay+ ( ! s]p5t ( ,midg>d by ,?or1 ! slay+ ( ! py?on by ! ,greek god1 & ! bruis+ ( ! head ( ! s]p5t ( ,hebrew my?ology by ,*ri/1 are analog\s my?s4 ,?or dwells 9 a mansion 9 ! cl\ds4 ,! ?und] we he> 9 ! sky is ! noise ( 8 *>iot :eels1 & ! fla%es ( lightn+ are f 8 hamm] :i* he da%es aga9/ ! m\nta9s4 ,! ,britannica says3 ,"s ( ! monks ( a lat] p]iod endeavor$ to p]suade ! ,nor?m5 t 9 ,?or _! =efa!rs _h wor%ip$ ,*ri/1 ! /rong & mighty ,savior ( ! oppress$1 & t 8 mallet 0 ! rude =m ( ! cross4 ,! sign ( ! hamm]1 says ,*amb]s1 0 analog\s to t ( ! cross among ,*ri/ians4 ,baldur4 ,"o ( ! pure/1 "o ( ! g5tle/1 & "o ( ! be/ belov$ ( all ! gods 0 ,baldur1 ! beautiful son ( ,od9 & ,freya4 ,9 him 7 comb9$ all ?+s good & noble4 ,! envi\s gods1 inspir$ by ,loki1 %ot _! arr[s at him 9 va9 until ! bl9d god ,hod] pi]c$ 8 body ) an arr[ ( mi/letoe & he pass$ into ! p[] ( ,hel1 ! pallid goddess ( dea?4 ,sometime--:5 ! old ord] ( ?+s has pass$ away--9 ano!r & bett] _w1 :]e envy1 & hatr$1 & w> are unkn[n1 ,baldur w live aga94 ,! dea? ( ,baldur1 says ,pr(4 ,rasmus ,b4 ,&]son1 ! highe/ au?ority on ,norse my?ology1 =ms ! turn+ po9t 9 ! great drama4444 ,:ile he liv$ ! p[] ( ! asas 7gods7 0 secure1 b :5 ,baldur1 at ! in/igation ( ,loki1 0 sla91 ! fall ( creation c\ld n be prev5t$4 ,writ+ ( ,norse my?ology1 ,&rew ,lang says3 ,!re is1 almo/ und\bt$ly1 a t\* ( ,*ri/ian dawn on ! figure & my? ( ! pure & belov$ & ill-fat$ god ,baldur1 & 8 desc5t into hell4 ,od91 & ,?or1 & ,baldur1 & _! div9e companions are wor%ip$ no long]2 b _! religion has left a deep impress on ! religion t supplant$ x4 ,! ,*ri/ianity ( ,sc&9avia1 ( nor!rn ,g]many1 ( ,engl&1 & ( ,am]ica1 ! :ole ( ,prote/ant ,*ri/ianity1 9 %ort1 & to "s ext5t ,ca?olicism itself1 has be5 modifi$ by ?is /range & fasc9at+ fai?4 ,reg>d+ ?is subject ,*amb]s' ,encyclop$ia says3 ,s deep-root$ 0 ! adhesion to ! fai? ( ,od9 9 ! ,nor?1 t ! e>ly ,*ri/ian tea*]s1 unable to eradicate ! old ideas1 7 driv5 to ! exp$i5t ( try+ to give !m a color+ ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! selection ( ,decemb] #be? z ! date ( ! ,nativity 0 d\btless sugge/$ by ! ,mi?raic or "s o!r sol> wor%ip ( ! ,ea/1 b ! ,prote/ant ,*ri/mas came f ! ,nor?4 ,! mi/letoe ) :i* ,baldur 0 sla9 reappe>s 9 ?is fe/ival4 ,! fire :eel1 a remnant ( ! old ,norse sun wor%ip1 exi/$ among ,g]man ,*ri/ians until ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! burn+ ( ! ,yule log /ill survives4 ,9 "s prov9ces ( ,g]many ! fe/ival is /ill call$ by its ,pagan "n4 ,rev4 ,samuel ,m4 ,jackson1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york ,univ]sity1 says3 ,! ,romans _h1 l o!r ,pagan nations1 a nature fe/ival1 call$ by !m ,saturnalia1 & ! ,nor!rn peoples _h ,yule2 bo? celebrat$ ! turn ( ! ye> f ! dea? ( w9t] to ! life ( spr+--! w9t] sol/ice4 ,z ?is 0 an auspici\s *ange ! fe/ival 0 a v joy\s "o4444 ,! giv+ ( pres5ts & ! burn+ ( c&les *>act]iz$ x4 ,among ! nor!rn p ! light+ ( a huge log 9 ! h\ses ( ! great & ) appropriate c]emonies 0 a feature4 ,! ,roman *ur* f9d+ ?is fe/ival deeply intr5*$ 9 popul> e/eem1 wisely adopt$ x 7,univ]sal ,cyclop$ia74 ,! fe/ival ( ,ea/] belongs to ?is religion4 ,x 0 obs]v$ 9 honor ( ! ,saxon goddess ,ea/re1 or ,o/>a1 ! goddess ( ,spr+4 ,x celebrat$1 n ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 b ! resurrection ( ,spr+ & fl[]s4 ,x /ill reta9s ! "n ( ?is goddess4 ,ne>ly e fe/ival ( ! *ur*--& ! ,ca?olic & ,engli% *ur*es h _m--are ( ,pagan orig94 ,e day ( ! week be>s a ,pagan "n--f\r ( !m ! names ( ,sc&9avian gods--,tuesday ! "n ( ,tiu 7,tyr71 ,w$nesday ! "n ( ,wod5 7,od971 ,?ursday ! "n ( ,?or1 & ,friday t ( ,freya4 ,ev5 ! ,*ri/ian hell 0 d]iv$ f ,hel1 ! "n ( ! ,norse goddess ( ! l[] _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,s\rces ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ ,,my?--,,conclusion4 ,9 ea* ( ^! div9ities we f9d "s elem5t or l9eam5t ( ,*ri/4 ,& all ( !m exi/$1 ei!r z my?s or mortals1 long ant]ior to 8 "t4 ,plato1 ! late/ ( !m to appe>1 0 born 9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4 ,c4 ,^! ,pagan div9ities & deifi$ sages1 toge!r ) ! religi\s sy/ems & doctr9es previ\sly notic$1 7 ! s\rces f :i* ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity 71 = ! mo/ "p1 d]iv$4 ,! foll[+ religi\s elem5ts & ideas1 ne>ly all ( :i* ,*ri/ians believe to h be5 div9ely reveal$1 & to belong exclusively to _! religion1 are ( ,pagan orig93 ,son ( ,god1 ,messiah1 ,m$iator1 ,! ,^w1 ,! ,ideal ,man1 ,annunciation1 ,immaculate conception1 ,div9e inc>nation1 ,g5ealogies %[+ royal desc5t1 ,virg9 "m1 ,angelic visitants1 ,cele/ial music1 ,visit ( %eph]ds1 ,visit ( ,magi1 ,/> ( ,magi1 ,slaught] ( innoc5ts1 ,temptation1 ,transfiguration1 ,crucifi$ ,r$eem]1 ,sup]natural d>kness1 ,resurrection1 ,asc5sion1 ,desc5t into ,hell1 ,second adv5t1 ,unity ( ,god1 ,tr9ity 9 ,unity1 ,holy ,gho/ 7,_s71 ,devil1 ,angels1 ,immortality ( ! s\l1 ,la/ judgm5t1 ,future rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 ,heav51 ,hell1 & ,purgatory1 ,fa!rhood ( ,god1 ,bro!rhood ( man1 ,fre$om ( ! w1 ,fall ( man1 ,vic>i\s atonem5t1 ,k+dom ( ,god1 ,b9d+ ( ,satan1 ,miracles1 ,prophecies1 ,obsession1 ,exorcism1 ,! prie/hood1 ,pope & bi%ops1 ,monks & nuns1 ,wor%ip ( ,virg91 ,adoration ( ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ,wor%ip ( sa9ts1 ,wor%ip ( relics1 ,image wor%ip1 ,inspir$ ,scriptures1 ,! cross z a religi\s symbol1 ,crucifix1 ,ros>y1 ,holy wat]1 ,"l's ,day 7,sunday71 ,*ri/mas1 ,ea/]1 ,baptism1 ,eu*>i/1 ,wa%+ ( feet1 ,ano9t+1 ,confirmation1 ,masses = ! dead1 ,fa/+1 ,pray]1 ,auricul> confession1 ,p5ance1 ,absolution1 ,celibacy1 ,pov]ty1 ,asceticism1 ,ti!s1 ,community ( goods1 ,gold5 ,rule & o!r precepts4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t consi/s l>gely ( borr[$ my?s4 ,ne>ly ev]y?+ 9 ,g5esis1 & mu* ( ! s-call$ hi/ory :i* foll[s1 are b a recital ( ,assyrian1 ,babylonian1 ,*aldean & o!r leg5ds4 ,dr4 ,drap] says3 ,f su* ,assyrian s\rces1 ! leg5ds ( ! creation ( ! e>? & heav51 ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 ! mak+ ( man f clay1 & ( woman f "o ( 8 ribs1 ! temptation by ! s]p5t1 ! nam+ ( animals1 ! *]ubim & flam+ sword1 ! ,deluge & ! ark1 ! dry+ up ( ! wat]s by ! w9d1 ! build+ ( ! ,t[] ( ,babel1 & ! confusion ( tongues1 7 obta9$ by ,ezra 7,conflict1 p4 #bbc74 ,! t5 ant$iluvian patri>*s1 ,adam1 ,se?1 ,enos1 ,ca9an1 ,mahalaleel1 ,j>$1 ,eno*1 ,me?uselah1 ,lame*1 & ,noah1 :om ,luke pres5ts z ! fir/ t5 prog5itors ( ,*ri/1 are n[ kn[n to h be5 a dyna/y ( ,babylonian k+s4 ,abram1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 & ,judah1 :om bo? ,mat!w & ,luke decl>e to h be5 ance/ors ( ,*ri/1 & :om ,mat!w places at ! head ( 8 g5ealogy1 7 n p]sons at all1 b m]ely tribes ( p4 ,9 reg>d to ?is ,rev4 ,dr4 ,oort1 pr(essor ( ,ori5tal languages at ,am/]dam1 says3 ,!y d n signify m51 s mu* z gr\ps ( nations or s+le tribes4 ,abram1 = in/ance1 repres5ts a great "p ( ! ,t]a*ites2 ,lot1 ! ,moabites & ,ammonites1 ^: ance/or he is call$2 ,i%mael1 c]ta9 tribes ( ,arabia2 ,isaac1 ,israel & ,edom toge!r2 ,jacob1 ,israel alone2 :ile 8 twelve sons /& = ! twelve tribes ( ,israel4 99 99 99 ,"h & !re ! writ]s ( ! old leg5d !mselves po9t out1 z x 71 t ! patri>*s :om !y br+ ^u ! sc5e z m5 are p]sonifications ( tribes 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,i1 pp4 #ajj-ajb74 ,moses1 ! reput$ f\nd] ( ,judaism & ar*etype ( ,*ri/1 d\btless exi/$2 b ne>ly all ! ,bible /ories conc]n+ him are my?s4 ,david & ,solomon1 f ^: h\se ,*ri/ is said to h be5 desc5d$1 are hi/orical *>act]s2 b ! acc\nts respect+ ! greatness ( _! k+dom & ! spl5dor ( _! reigns are fabul\s4 ,*ri/ & ,*ri/ianity are p>tly creations & p>tly evolutions4 ,:ile ! elem5ts compos+ !m 7 mo/ly d]iv$ f preexi/+ & contempor>y beliefs1 !y 7 n =m$ z a noveli/ creates a h]o & a conv5tion frames a con/itution4 ,_! gr[? 0 gradual4 ,jesus1 if he exi/$1 0 a ,jew1 & 8 religion1 ) a few innovations1 0 ,judaism4 ,) 8 dea?1 probably1 8 apo!osis began4 ,dur+ ! fir/ c5tury ! trans=mation 0 sl[2 b dur+ ! succe$+ c5turies rapid4 ,! ,judaic elem5ts ( 8 religion 71 9 "t1 ne>ly all elim9at$1 & ! ,pagan elem5ts1 "o by "o1 7 incorporat$ into ! new fai?4 ,reg>d+ ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is religion ,lecky says3 ,*ri/ianity _h become ! c5tral intellectual p[] ( ! _w1 b x triumph$ n s mu* by sup]s$+ rival fai?s z by absorb+ & trans=m+ !m4 ,old sy/ems1 old rites1 old images 7 graft$ into ! new belief1 reta9+ mu* ( _! anci5t "* b assum+ new names & a new complexion 7,rationalism1 ,vol4 ,i4 p4 #bbc74 ,its orig9 is ?us trac$ by ,mrs4 ,besant3 ,f ! lat] ,jews comes ! ,unity ( ,god2 f ,india & ,egypt ! ,tr9ity 9 ,unity2 f ,india & ,egypt ! crucifi$ ,r$eem]2 f ,india1 ,egypt1 ,greece1 & ,rome1 ! virg9 "m & ! div9e son2 f ,egypt its prie/s & its ritual2 f ! ,ess5es & ! ,!rapeuts its asceticism2 f ,p]sia1 ,india1 & ,egypt1 its sacram5ts2 f ,p]sia & ,babylonia its angels & devils2 f ,alex&ria ! bl5d+ into "o ( _m l9es ( ?\ght4 7,free?9k]s' ,text ,book1 p4 #cib47 ,conc]n+ ?is1 ,judge ,/range1 ano!r ,engli% writ]1 says3 ,! ,jewi% ,scriptures & ! tradition>y tea*+s ( _! doctors1 ! ,ess5es & ,!rapeuts1 ! ,greek philosoph]s1 ! ,neo-,platonism ( ,alex&ria & ! ,buddhism ( ! ,ea/1 gave ample supplies = ! composition ( ! doctr9al portion ( ! new fai?2 ! div9ely procreat$ p]sonages ( ! ,grecian & ,roman pan!ons1 ! tales ( ! ,egyptian ,osiris1 & ( ! ,indian ,rama1 ,kri%na1 & ,buddha1 furni%$ ! mat]ials = ! image ( ! new ,savior ( mank9d4 7,portraiture & ,mission ( ,jesus1 p4 #bg47 ,dr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,br[n1 previ\sly quot$1 says3 ,! ,eclectics =m$ ! nucleus into :i* 7 m]g$ all ! v>i\s religions ( ! ,ori5t4 ,mi?ra1 ( ! ,zoroa/rians2 ,kri%na & ,buddha1 ( ! ,brahmans2 ,osiris1 ( ! ,egyptians1 & ,bac*us1 ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 all disappe>$ & 7 lo/ 9 ! new ,god ,jesus1 ea* ( ! pr$ecessors contribut+ to ! conglom]ate religion kn[n z ,*ri/ian1 ,buddha & probably ,bac*us contribut+ ! mo/4 ,dr4 ,john ,w4 ,drap]1 recogniz$ on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic z "o ( ! mo/ erudite1 "o ( ! mo/ philosophic1 & "o ( ! mo/ imp>tial ( hi/orians1 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs tells ! /ory ( ! rise & triumph ( ?is ev]-*ang+ fai?3 ,9 a political s5se1 ,*ri/ianity is ! beque/ ( ! ,roman ,empire to ! _w4 ,n only z a tok5 ( ! conque/ %e _h made1 b also z a gratification to h] pride1 ! conqu]+ republic br\ght ! gods ( ! vanqui%$ peoples to ,rome4 ,) disda9ful tol]ation1 %e p]mitt$ ! wor%ip ( !m all4 ,t p>am\nt au?ority ex]cis$ by ea* div9ity 9 8 orig9al seat disappe>$ at once 9 ! cr[d ( gods & goddesses among :om he _h be5 br\ght4 ,already1 z we h se51 ?r\gh geographical discov]ies & philosophical criticism1 fai? 9 ! religion ( ! old days _h be5 pr(\ndly %ak54 ,x 01 by ?is policy ( ,rome1 br\ght to an end4 ,9 "o ( ! ,ea/]n prov9ces1 ,syria1 "s p]sons 9 v humble life _h associat$ !mselves toge!r = b5evol5t & religi\s purposes4 ,! doctr9es !y held 7 9 h>mony ) t s5tim5t ( univ]sal bro!rhood aris+ f ! coalesc5ce ( ! conqu]$ k+doms4 ,!y 7 doctr9es inculcat$ by ,jesus4 ,f ?is g]m 0 develop$ a new1 & z ! ev5ts prov$1 all-p[]ful society--! ,*ur*2 new1 = no?+ ( ! k9d _h exi/$ 9 antiquity2 p[]ful1 = ! local *ur*es1 at fir/ isolat$1 soon began to conf$]ate = _! common int]e/4 ,?r\gh ?is organization ,*ri/ianity a*iev$ all h] political triumphs4 ,aft] ! abdication ( ,diocletian 7,a4 ,d41 #cje71 ,con/ant9e1 "o ( ! competitors = ! purple1 p]ceiv+ ! advantages t w\ld accrue to him f su* a policy1 put himself =? z ! head ( ! ,*ri/ian p>ty4 ,?is gave him1 9 e "p ( ! empire1 m5 & wom5 ready to enc\nt] fire & sword 9 8 behalf2 x gave him unwav]+ adh]5ts 9 e legion ( ! armies4 ,9 a decisive battle1 ne> ! ,milvian bridge1 victory cr[n$ 8 s*emes4 ,! dea? ( ,maximian1 & subsequ5tly t ( ,lic9ius1 remov$ all ob/acles4 ,he asc5d$ ! ?rone ( ! ,caes>s--! fir/ ,*ri/ian emp]or4 ,place1 pr(it1 p[]--^! 7 9 view ( :oev] n[ jo9$ ! conqu]+ sect4 ,cr[ds ( worldly p]sons1 :o c>$ no?+ ab\t its religi\s ideas1 became its w>me/ support]s4 ,pagans at he>t1 _! influ5ce 0 soon manife/$ 9 ! paganization ( ,*ri/ianity t =?) ensu$4 ,z ye>s pass$ on1 ! fai? describ$ by ,t]tullian 0 transmut$ into "o m fa%ionable & m debas$4 ,x 0 incorporat$ ) ! old ,greek my?ology4 ,olympus 0 re/or$1 b ! div9ities pass$ "u o!r names4 ,! m p[]ful prov9ces insi/$ on ! adoption ( _! "t-honor$ conceptions4 ,views ( ! ,tr9ity1 9 accordance ) ,egyptian traditions1 7 e/abli%$4 ,hea!n rites 7 adopt$1 a pomp\s & spl5did ritual1 gorge\s robes1 mitres1 ti>as1 wax-tap]s1 processional s]vices1 lu/rations1 gold & silv] vases1 7 introduc$4 ,! ,roman lituns1 ! *ief ensign ( ! augurs1 became ! crozi]4 ,*ur*es 7 built ov] ! tombs ( m>tyrs1 & consecrat$ ) rites borr[$ f ! anci5t laws ( ! ,roman pontiffs4 ,fe/ivals & commemorations ( m>tyrs multipli$ ) ! numb]less fictiti\s discov]ies ( _! rema9s4 ,fa/+ became ! gr& means ( repell+ ! devil & appeas+ ,god2 celibacy ! greate/ ( ! virtues4 ,pilgrimages 7 made to ,pale/9e & ! tombs ( ! m>tyrs4 ,quantities ( du/ & e>? 7 br\ght f ! ,holy ,l& & sold at enorm\s prices1 z antidotes aga9/ devils4 ,! virtues ( consecrat$ wat] 7 upheld4 ,images & relics 7 introduc$ into ! *ur*es1 & wor%ip$ aft] ! fa%ion ( ! hea!n gods4444 ,! apo!osis ( ! old ,roman times 0 replac$ by canonization2 tutel>y sa9ts succe$$ to local my?ological div9ities4 ,z c5turies pass$1 ! paganization became m & m complete4 ,! maxim holds good 9 ! social z well z ! me*anical _w1 t1 :5 two bodies /rike1 ! =m ( bo? is *ang$4 ,paganism 0 modifi$ by ,*ri/ianity2 ,*ri/ianity by ,paganism 7,conflict1 pp4 #cd-eb74 ,:ile affirm+ ! div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! *ur* hi/orian ,mo%eim admits its e>ly paganization4 ,he says3 ,! rites & in/itutions1 by :i* ! ,greeks1 ,romans1 & o!r nations _h =m]ly te/ifi$ _! religi\s v5]ation = fictiti\s deities1 7 n[ adopt$1 ) "s slight alt]ations1 by ,*ri/ian bi%ops1 & employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( ! true ,god4444 ,h5ce x happ5$ t 9 ^! times ! religion ( ! ,greeks & ,romans diff]$ v little 9 its ext]nal appe>ance f t ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,!y _h bo? a mo/ pomp\s & spl5did ritual4 ,gorge\s robes1 mitres1 ti>as1 wax-tap]s1 crosi]s1 processions1 lu/rations1 images1 gold & silv] vases1 & _m su* circum/ances ( pageantry1 7 equally to be se5 9 ! hea!n temples & ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 p4 #aje74 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,r4 ,heb] ,newton1 9 an article :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 says3 ,!re is1 9 fact1 z we n[ see1 no?+ 9 ! ext]nals ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* :i* is n a survival f ! *ur*es ( paganism4444 ,! sacram5tal use ( wat] & bread & w9e1 ! v sign ( ! cross--all are anci5t human in/itutions1 rites & symbols4 ,scrat* a ,*ri/ian & y come ^u a ,pagan4 ,*ri/ianity is a rebaptiz$ paganism4 ,*ri/5dom1 says ,dr4 ,lyman ,abbott1 is only an imp]fectly ,*ri/ianiz$ paganism4 ,! cre$s ( old are dead or dy+1 & ! cele/ial k+s1 :o seem$ s real to _! wor%ip]s1 are mo/ly cr[nless phantoms n[4 ,buddha1 ,la\-tsze1 & ,confucius1 ! wise m5 ( ! ,ea/1 comm& ! rev]5ce ( ne>ly half ! _w1 & ! ,p]sian prophet has a few foll[]s2 b f ^! fai?s ! sup]natural is vani%+4 ,millions yet believe t ,kri%na1 ! ,*ri/ ( ,india1 is ! son ( ,god2 b ?is fai?1 too1 is wan+4 ,! intellectual (fspr+ ( ,plato's brilliant bra9 survive1 b all t rema9s ( 8 div9e fa!r is a mutilat$ effigy4 ,! g5ial ,sun /ill w>ms & lights ! e>?1 b c5turies h fl[n s9ce ,mi?ra1 8 belov$1 receiv$ ! adoration ( mank9d4 ,! fire /ill gl[s ^u ! he>?1 b ! great ,titan :o br\ght x d[n f ,heav5 lives only 9 a poet's dream4 ,! crimson nect> ( ! v9e moves m5 to mir? & madness n[ z :5 ! swan ( ,teos sang its praise1 b ,bac*us & ! anci5t my/]ies are dead4 ,above /orm-wrapp$ ,olympus1 z ( old1 is he>d ! ?und]'s awful peal1 b x is n ! voice ( ,zeus4 ,! voice ( ?is1 ! mightie/ ( all ! gods1 is hu%$ =ev]4 ,! popul\s & ev]-gr[+ empire ( ! dead /ill fl\ri%es1 b 9 its solemn c\rt ,osiris no long] sits z judge4 ,! "m1 z ( yore1 presses to h] lov+ he>t h] dimpl$ babe & fondly gazes into its azure eyes to woo its artless smile2 b ,egypt's />-cr[n$ virg9 & h] royal *ild1 :o once receiv$ ! homage ( a _w1 are n[ b my?ic du/4 ,manly beauty ?rills our daught]s' he>ts ) love's /range ec/asy1 & ! feign$ suff]+ ( ! dy+ h]o on ! mimic /age moi/5s _! eyes ) te>s2 b ,adonis sleeps 9 8 ,pho5ician tomb1 8 slumb]s undi/urb$ by woman's sobs4 ,! purple fl[]1 sub/ance ( 8 de> self1 :i* ,v5us c>ri$ 9 h] bosom1 )]$ long ago4 ,:51 at eve1 ! summ] %[] ba!s ) its cool+ drops ! v]dure ( ! fields1 across ! sun-kiss$ cl\d :i* veils ! ,ori5t sky may /ill be se5 ! gorge\s bridge ( ,bifro/2 b ov] its maje/ic ar* ! dauntless ,od9 rides no m4 ,! fair humanities ( old religions1 ,! p[]1 ! beauty1 & ! maje/y1 ,t _h _! haunts 9 dale1 or p9y m\nta91 ,or =e/ by sl[ /ream1 or pebbly spr+1 ,or *asms & wat]y dep?s2 all ^! h vani%$2 ,!y live no long] 9 ! fai? ( reason4 --,s*ill]4 ,:at has be5 ! fate ( ! ,pagan gods w be ! fate ( ! ,*ri/ian deity4 ,*ri/ianity1 :i* supplant$ ! anci5t fai?s1 w1 9 turn1 be supplant$ by o!r religions4 ,on two cont95ts already ! cross has gone d[n be=e ! cresc5t4 ,! belief 9 ,*ri/ z a div9e be+ is pass+ away4 ,! cre$s1 z ( old1 affirm 8 div9ity1 b 9 ! m9ds ( 8 m enlight5$ foll[]s ! div9e elem5ts are disappe>+4 ,:at 0 =m]ly believ$ to be sup]natural is n[ kn[n to be natural4 ,:at 7 once liv+ v]ities are n[ dead =malities4 ,sl[ly & pa9fully1 b surely & cle>ly1 m5 are becom+ conv9c$ t !re are no div9e be+s & no sup]natural religions--t all ! gods1 includ+ ,*ri/1 are my?s1 & all ! religions1 includ+ ,*ri/ianity1 human productions4 ,9 ! words ( ,jules ,s\ry1 ,"t1 :i* cond5ses nebulae1 lights up suns1 br+s life & ?\ght ^u planets !ret(ore /eep$ 9 dea?1 & gives back ephem]al worlds to dissolution & ! f]tile *aos ( ! ev]la/+ univ]se--"t kn[s n\ght ( gods nor ( ! dim & fallaci\s hopes ( ignorant mortals4 ,) ^! sublime pictures--a retrospect & a prophecy--f ! gall]y ( ! great ma/]1 ,i close ?is long-drawn subject3 ,:5 ,india is supreme1 ,brahma sits ^u ! _w's ?rone4 ,:5 ! sceptre passes to ,egypt1 ,isis & ,osiris receive ! homage ( mank9d4 ,greece1 ) h] fi]ce valor1 sweeps to empire1 & ,zeus puts on ! purple ( au?ority4 ,! e>? trembles ) ! tread ( ,rome's intrepid sons1 & ,jove grasps ) mail$ h& ! ?und]bolts ( ,heav54 ,rome falls1 & ,*ri/ians1 f h] t]ritory1 ) ! r$ sword ( w>1 c>ve out ! rul+ nations ( ! _w1 & n[ ,*ri/ sits ^u ! old ?rone4 ,:o w be 8 successor8 ,i look aga94 ,! popes & prie/s are gone4 ,! alt>s & ! ?rones h m+l$ ) ! du/4 ,! ari/ocracy ( l& & cl\d h p]i%$ f ! e>? & air4 ,! gods are dead4 ,a new religion %$s its glory on mank9d4444 ,& z ,i look ,life l5g!ns1 ,joy deep5s1 ,love int5sifies1 ,fe> dies--,lib]ty at la/ is ,god1 & ,heav5 is "h4