,transcrib$ f ! #ahhi ,cassell &        
,company edition by ,les ,b[l]4         
,picture3 ,book cov]                    
,,cassell',s ,,national ,,libr>y4       
99 99 99 99 99                          
,,lives                                 
,,( ,,!                                 
,,engli% ,,poets                        
,gay  ,?omson  ,"y  ,gray  etc4         
,,by                            ,,samuel
 ,,johnson1 ,,ll4,d4                    
,picture3 ,decorative graphic           
,,cassell  ,,company1 ,,limit$3         
,,london1 ,,p>is1 ,,new ,,york          
,,melb\rne4                             
#ahhi4          ,,introduction4         
,,?is volume conta9s a record ( tw5ty   
lives1 ( :i* only "o--t (  ,edw>d       
,"y--is treat$ at l5g?4  ,x completes   
our edition ( ,johnson's  ,lives ( !    
,poets1 f :i* a few only ( ! briefe/ &  
lea/  important h be5 omitt$4    ,!     
elde/ ( ! ,poets "h discuss$ 7 ,samuel  
,g>?1 ,*>les  ,montague 7,"l ,halifax71 
& ,william ,k+1 :o 7 born )9 ! ye>s     

#affj-fc4  ,next 9 age 7 ,addison's     
fri5d ,ambrose ,philips1 & ,ni*olas     
,r[e ! dramati/1 :o 0 also ! fir/ editor
 ( ,%akespe>e's plays  aft] ! f\r folios
 _h appe>$4  ,ambrose ,philips & ,r[e 7 
born  9 #afga & #afgc1 & ,isaac ,watts 9
 #afgd4  ,?omas ,p>nell1 born 9 #afgi1  
w\ld foll[ next1 ne>ly ( l age ) ,"y1 ^:
 bir?-ye> 0  #afha4  ,pope's fri5d ,john
 ,gay 0 ( ,pope's age1 born 9 #afhh1 two
 ye>s  lat] ?an ,addison's fri5d ,?omas 
,tickell1 :o 0 born 9 #afhf4  ,next  9 !
 c\rse ( ye>s came1 9 #afib1 ,william   
,som]ville1 ! au?or (  8,! ,*ace40      
,john ,dy]1 :o wrote 8,grong> ,hill10 & 
,james ,?omson1 :o  wrote ! 8,seasons10 
7 bo? born 9 ! ye> #agjj4  ,!y 7 two (  
?ree poets--,allan ,ramsay1 ! ?ird--:o1 
almo/ at ! same "t1 wrote  v]se in/9ct )
 a fre% s5se ( outw>d ,nature :i* 0     
h>dly to  be f\nd 9 o!r writ]s ( t day4 
,david ,mallet1 ,?omson's  college-fri5d
 & fri5d ( aft]-ye>s--:o %>es ) ,?omson 
!  curiosity ( critics :o w\ld decide   
:i* ( !m wrote 8,rule  ,britannia0--0 ( 

,?omson's age4    ,! o!r writ]s ( ^:    
lives ,johnson "h gives 8 note 7 m5     
born 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury3    
,gilb]t ,we/1 !  translator ( ,p9d>1 9  
#agjf2 ,george ,lyttelton1 9 #agji4     
,william  ,%5/one1 ^: s5se ( ,nature1   
al?\gh true1 0 mix$ ) !  conv5tions ( 8 
"t1 & :o once ask$ a noble fri5d to op5 
a  wat]fall 9 ! g>d5 ^u :i* ! poet sp5t 
8 little patrimony1  0 born 9 #agad2    
,?omas ,gray1 9 #agaf2 ,william ,coll9s1
 9 #agbj2 &  ,m>k ,ak5side1 9 #agba4  ,9
 ,coll9s1 :ile he liv$ ) loss ( reason1 
,johnson1 :o _h fe>s = himself1 took    
pa!tic int]e/4  ,ak5side  c\ld n int]e/ 
him mu*4  ,ak5side made 8 m>k :5 "y )   
8,!  ,pleasures ( ,imag9ation10 a good  
poem1 accord+ to ! fa%ion ( !  "t1 :5   
read ) due consid]ation z a "y man's    
fir/ v5ture =  fame4  ,he sp5t mu* ( !  
re/ ( 8 life 9 ov]load+ x )  valueless  
additions4  ,! writ] :o beg9s well %\ld 
let well alone1  &1 in/ead ( t9k]+ at   
bygone "w1 foll[ ! c\rse ( 8 own  rip5+ 
?\ght4  ,he %\ld seek new ways ( do+    

wor?y s]vice 9 !  ye>s ( lab\r left to  
him4                                    
,h4 ,m4          ,,k+4      ,,william   
,,k+ 0 born 9 ,london 9 #affc2 ! son (  
,ezekiel ,k+1 a  g5tleman4  ,he 0 alli$ 
to ! family ( ,cl>5don4    ,f ,we/m9/]  
,s*ool1 :]e he 0 a s*ol> on ! f\ndation 
"u  ! c>e ( ,dr4 ,busby1 he 0 at eighte5
 elect$ to ,*ri/ ,*ur* 9  #afha2 :]e he 
is said to h prosecut$ 8 /udies ) s mu* 
int5s5ess & activity1 t be=e he 0 eight 
ye>s' /&+ he _h  read ov]1 & made rem>ks
 ^u1 tw5ty-two ?\s& odd hundr$ books  & 
manuscripts4  ,! books 7 c]ta9ly n v    
long1 ! manuscripts  n v difficult1 nor 
! rem>ks v l>ge2 = ! calculator w  f9d t
 he despat*$ sev5 a day = e day ( 8     
eight ye>s2  ) a remnant t m ?an        
satisfies mo/ o!r /ud5ts4  ,he took 8   
degree 9 ! mo/ exp5sive mann]1 z a gr&  
comp\nd]2 :5ce x  is inf]r$ t he inh]it$
 a consid]able =tune4    ,9 #afhh1 !    
same ye> 9 :i* he 0 made ,ma/] ( ,arts1 
he publi%$  a confutation ( ,v>illas's  
acc\nt ( ,wickliffe2 &1 engag+ 9 !  /udy

 ( ! civil law1 became ,doctor 9 #afib1 
& 0 admitt$ advocate  at ,doctors'      
,commons4    ,he _h already made "s     
translations f ! ,fr5*1 & writt5 "s     
humor\s & satirical pieces2 :51 9 #afid1
 ,moleswor? publi%$ 8  8,acc\nt (       
,d5m>k10 9 :i* he treats ! ,danes & _!  
mon>* )  great contempt2 & takes !      
opportunity ( ins9uat+ ^? wild          
pr9ciples by :i* he supposes lib]ty to  
be e/abli%$1 & by :i*  8 adv]s>ies      
suspect t all subord9ation & gov]nm5t is
  endang]$4    ,?is book (f5d$ ,pr9ce   
,george2 & ! ,dani% ,m9i/] pres5t$ a    
memorial aga9/ x4  ,! pr9ciples ( its   
au?or did n please ,dr4  ,k+2 & !re=e he
 und]took to confute "p1 & laugh at !   
re/4  ,! controv]sy is n[ =gott53 &     
books ( ?is k9d seldom live long  :5    
int]e/ & res5tm5t h ceas$4    ,9 #afig  
he m+l$ 9 ! controv]sy betwe5 ,boyle &  
,b5tley2 & 0  "o ( ^? :o tri$ :at wit   
c\ld p]=m 9 opposition to le>n+1  on a  
"q :i* le>n+ only c\ld decide4    ,9    
#afii 0 publi%$ by him 8,a ,j\rney to   

,london10 aft] ! me?od (  ,dr4 ,m>t9    
,li/]1 :o _h publi%$ 8,a ,j\rney to     
,p>is40  ,& 9 #agjj  he satiris$ !      
,royal ,society--at lea/1 ,sir ,hans    
,sloane1 _!  presid5t--9 two dialogues1 
intitul$ 8,! ,transaction]40    ,?\gh he
 0 a regul> advocate 9 ! c\rts ( civil &
 canon law1 he  did n love 8 pr(ession1 
nor1 inde$1 any k9d ( bus9ess :i*       
int]rupt$ 8 voluptu>y dreams or =c$ him 
to r\se f t  indulg5ce 9 :i* only he    
c\ld f9d delight4  ,8 reputation z a    
civilian 0 yet ma9ta9$ by 8 judgm5ts 9 !
 ,c\rts ( ,delegates1  & rais$ v high by
 ! address & k :i* he discov]$ 9  #agjj1
 :5 he def5d$ ! ,e>l ( ,anglesea aga9/ 8
 lady1 aft]w>ds  ,du*ess (              
,buck+ham%ire1 :o su$ = a divorce &     
obta9$ x4    ,! exp5se ( 8 pleasures1 & 
neglect ( bus9ess1 _h n[ less5$  8      
rev5ues2 & he 0 will+ to accept ( a     
settlem5t 9 ,irel&1  :]e1 ab\t #agjb1 he
 0 made ,judge ( ! ,admiralty1          
,commission] (  ! ,prizes1 ,keep] ( !   
,records 9 ,birm+ham's ,t[]1 &          

,vic>-,g5]al to ,dr4 ,m>%1 ! primate4   
,b x is va9 to put weal? )9 ! rea* ( him
 :o w n /ret*  out 8 h& to take x4  ,k+ 
soon f\nd a fri5d1 z idle &  ?\ghtless z
 himself1 9 ,upton1 "o ( ! judges1 :o _h
 a pleasant  h\se call$ ,m\nt[n1 ne>    
,dubl91 to :i* ,k+ frequ5tly retir$2    
delight+ to neglect 8 int]e/1 =get 8    
c>es1 & des]t 8  duty4    ,"h he wrote  
8,mully ( ,m\nt[n10 a poem2 by :i*1 ?\gh
 fanciful  read]s 9 ! pride ( sagacity h
 giv5 x a poetical int]pretation1  0    
meant orig9ally no m ?an x express$1 z x
 0 dictat$ only  by ! au?or's delight 9 
! quiet ( ,m\nt[n4    ,9 #agjh1 :5 ,"l  
,:>ton 0 s5t to gov]n ,irel&1 ,k+       
return$ to  ,london1 ) 8 pov]ty1 8      
idl5ess1 & 8 wit2 & publi%$ "s  essays1 
call$ 8,useful ,transactions40  ,8      
8,voyage to ! ,isl& (  ,cajamai0 is     
p>ticul>ly comm5d$4  ,he !n wrote !     
8,art ( ,love10 a  poem rem>kable1      
not)/&+ its title1 = purity ( s5tim5t2 &
  9 #agji imitat$ ,horace 9 an 8,art (  
,cook]y10 :i* he publi%$ )  "s lett]s to

 ,dr4 ,li/]4    ,9 #agaj he appe>$ z a  
lov] ( ! ,*ur*1 on ! side ( ,sa*ev]ell2 
& 0 suppos$ to h concurr$ at lea/ 9 !   
projection ( !  ,exam9]4  ,8 eyes 7 op5 
to all ! op]ations ( ,:iggism2 & he     
be/[$ "s /rictures ^u ,dr4 ,k5net's     
adulatory s]mon at !  fun]al ( ! ,duke (
 ,devon%ire4    8,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,hea!n  
,gods10 a book compos$ = s*ools1 0      
writt5 by him 9 #agaa4  ,! "w is useful1
 b might h be5 produc$  )\t ! p[]s (    
,k+4  ,! same ye> he publi%$ 8,ruf9us10 
an  hi/orical essay2 & a poem int5d$ to 
dispose ! nation to ?9k z  he ?\ght ( ! 
,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh & 8 adh]5ts4    ,9   
#agaa1 compet5ce1 if n pl5ty1 0 aga9 put
 into 8 p[]4  ,he  01 )\t ! tr\ble (    
att5dance or ! mortification ( a reque/1
  made ,gazette]4  ,swift1 ,fre9d1      
,prior1 & o!r m5 ( ! same p>ty1  br\ght 
him ! key ( ! ,gazette]'s (fice4  ,he 0 
n[ aga9 plac$  9 a pr(itable employm5t1 
& aga9 ?rew ! b5efit away4  ,an ,act (  
,insolv5cy made 8 bus9ess at t "t       
p>ticul>ly tr\blesome2 &  he w\ld n wait

 till hurry %\ld be at an end1 b        
impati5tly  resign$ x1 & return$ to 8   
wont$ indig5ce & amusem5ts4    ,"o ( 8  
amusem5ts at ,lambe?1 :]e he resid$1 0  
to mortify ,dr4  ,t5ison1 ! ar*bi%op1 by
 a public fe/ivity on ! surr5d] (       
,dunkirk to ,hill2 an ev5t ) :i*        
,t5ison's political bigotry did n  suff]
 him to be delight$4  ,k+ 0 resolv$ to  
c\nt]act 8  sull5ness1 & at ! exp5se ( a
 few b>rels ( ale fill$ !  neighb\rhood 
) hone/ m]rim5t4    ,9 ! autumn ( #agab 
8 heal? decl9$2 he grew weak] by        
degrees1 &  di$ on ,*ri/mas ,day4  ,?\gh
 8 life _h n be5 )\t  irregul>ity1 8    
pr9ciples 7 pure & or?odox1 & 8 dea? 0  
pi\s4    ,aft] ?is relation x w be      
naturally suppos$ t 8 poems 7  r !      
amusem5ts ( idl5ess ?an ef=ts ( /udy2 t 
he  endeav\r$ r to div]t ?an a/oni%2 t 8
 ?\ghts seldom  aspir$ to sublimity2 &  
t1 if 8 v]se 0 easy & 8 images  famili>1
 he atta9$ :at he desir$4  ,8 purpose is
 to be m]ry2 b  p]haps1 to enjoy 8 mir?1
 x may be sometimes necess>y to ?9k well

  ( 8 op9ions4          ,,halifax4      
,,! life ( ! ,e>l ( ,halifax 0 prop]ly t
 ( an artful & active  /atesman1 employ$
 9 balanc+ p>ties1 contriv+ exp$i5ts1 & 
combat+ opposition1 & expos$ to !       
vicissitudes ( advancem5t &             
degradation2 b 9 ?is collection poetical
 m]it is ! claim to  att5tion2 & !      
acc\nt :i* is "h to be expect$ may      
prop]ly be  proportion$1 n to 8 influ5ce
 9 ! ,/ate1 b to 8 rank among  ! writ]s 
( v]se4    ,*>les ,montague 0 born      
,april #af1 #affa1 at ,horton1 9        
,nor?ampton%ire1  ! son ( ,mr4 ,george  
,montague1 a y\ng] son ( ! ,e>l (       
,man*e/]4  ,he 0 educat$ fir/ 9 !       
c\ntry1 & !n remov$ to ,we/m9/]1  :]e1 9
 #afgg1 he 0 *os5 a ,k+'s ,s*ol>1 &     
recomm5d$ himself  to ,busby by 8       
felicity 9 extempor>y epigrams4  ,he    
contract$ a v  intimate fri5d%ip ) ,mr4 
,/epney2 & 9 #afhb1 :5 ,/epney 0  elect$
 at ,cambridge1 ! election ( ,montague  
be+ n to proce$ till  ! ye> foll[+1 he 0
 afraid le/ by be+ plac$ at ,ox=d he    

might  be sep>at$ f 8 companion1 & !re=e
 solicit$ to be remov$ to  ,cambridge1  
)\t wait+ = ! advantages ( ano!r ye>4   
,x seem$ inde$ "t to wi% = a removal1 = 
he 0 already a  s*oolboy ( "o-&-tw5ty4  
,8 relation1 ,dr4 ,montague1 0 !n ,ma/] 
( ! college 9 :i* he  0 plac$ a         
,fell[-,common]1 & took him "u 8        
p>ticul> c>e4  ,"h he comm5c$ an        
acqua9tance ) ! great ,newton1 :i*      
cont9u$  ?r\gh 8 life1 & 0 at la/ atte/$
 by a legacy4    ,9 #afhe 8 v]ses on !  
dea? ( ,k+ ,*>les made su* an impression
  on ! ,e>l ( ,dorset t he 0 invit$ to  
t[n1 & introduc$ by t  univ]sal patron  
to ! o!r wits4  ,9 #afhg he jo9$ )      
,prior 9 8,!  ,city ,m\se & ! ,c\ntry   
,m\se10 a burlesque ( ,dryd5's 8,h9d &  
,pan!r40  ,he sign$ ! invitation to !   
,pr9ce ( ,orange1 & sat 9  ! ,conv5tion4
  ,he ab\t ! same "t m>ri$ ! ,c\ntess   
,d[ag] (  ,man*e/]1 & int5d$ to h tak5  
,ord]s2 b1 aft]w>ds alt]+  8 purpose1 he
 pur*as$ = #a1ejj ! place ( "o ( ! cl]ks
 (  ! ,c\ncil4    ,aft] he _h writt5 8  

epi/le on ! victory ( ! ,boyne1 8 patron
  ,dorset introduc$ him to ,k+ ,william 
) ?is expression1 8,sir1 ,i h  br\ght a 
m\se to wait on y\r ,maje/y40  ,to :i* !
 ,k+ is said to  h repli$1 8,y d well to
 put me 9 ! way ( mak+ a man (  him20 & 
ord]$ him a p5sion ( #ejj4  ,?is /ory1  
h[ev] curr5t1  seems to h be5 made aft] 
! ev5t4  ,! ,k+'s answ] implies a       
great] acqua9tance ) our prov]bial &    
famili> diction ?an ,k+  ,william c\ld  
possibly h atta9$4    ,9 #afia1 be+     
memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 he argu$    
w>mly 9 fav\r  ( a law to grant !       
assi/ance ( c\nsel 9 trials = high      
treason2  & 9 ! mid/ ( 8 spee* fall+    
into "s confusion1 0 = a  :ile sil5t2 b1
 recov]+ himself1 obs]v$1 8h[ reasonable
 x 0  to all[ c\nsel to m5 call$ z      
crim9als be=e a c\rt ( ju/ice1  :5 x    
appe>$ h[ mu* ! pres5ce ( t assembly    
c\ld disconc]t  "o ( _! own body40      
,aft] ?is he rose fa/ into hon\rs &     
employm5ts1 be+ made "o (  !            
,commission]s ( ! ,treasury1 & call$ to 

! ,privy ,c\ncil4  ,9  #afid he became  
,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]2 & ! next ye>   
engag$ 9  ! great attempt ( ! reco9age1 
:i* 0 9 two ye>s happily  complet$4  ,9 
#afif he project$ ! g5]al fund & rais$ !
 cr$it  ( ! ,ex*equ]2 & aft] inquiry    
conc]n+ a grant ( ,iri% ,cr[n  l&s1 x 0 
det]m9$ by a vote ( ! ,commons t ,*>les 
,montague1  ,esq41 _h des]v$ 8 ,maje/y's
 fav\r4  ,9 #afih1 be+ advanc$ to  !    
fir/ ,commission ( ! ,treasury1 he 0    
appo9t$ "o ( ! reg5cy  9 ! ,k+'s abs5ce3
 ! next ye> he 0 made ,auditor ( !      
,ex*equ]1 & ! ye> aft] creat$ ,b>on     
,halifax4  ,he 01 h[ev]1  impea*$ by !  
,commons2 b ! ,articles 7 dismiss$ by ! 
,lords4    ,at ! accession ( ,que5 ,anne
 he 0 dismiss$ f ! ,c\ncil2 & 9  ! fir/ 
,p>liam5t ( h] reign 0 aga9 attack$ by !
 ,commons1 &  aga9 escap$ by !          
protection ( ! ,lords4  ,9 #agjd he     
wrote an answ]  to ,bromley's spee*     
aga9/ occasional con=mity4  ,he head$ ! 
inquiry  into ! dang] ( ! ,*ur*4  ,9    
#agjf he propos$ & negotiat$ !  ,union )

 ,scotl&2 & :5 ! ,elector ( ,hanov]     
receiv$ ! ,g>t]1  aft] ! ,act _h pass$ =
 secur+ ! ,prote/ant ,succession1 he 0  
appo9t$ to c>ry ! ensigns ( ! ,ord] to !
 ,electoral ,c\rt4  ,he  sat z "o ( !   
judges ( ,sa*ev]ell1 b vot$ = a mild    
s5t5ce4  ,be+ n[ no long] 9 fav\r1 he   
contriv$ to obta9 a writ =  summon+ !   
,electoral ,pr9ce to ,p>liam5t z ,duke (
 ,cambridge4    ,at ! ,que5's dea? he 0 
appo9t$ "o ( ! reg5ts2 & at !  accession
 ( ,george ,i4 0 made ,e>l ( ,halifax1  
,knight ( ! ,g>t]1  & ,fir/ ,commission]
 ( ! ,treasury1 ) a grant to 8 nephew ( 
!  rev]sion ( ! ,auditor%ip ( !         
,ex*equ]4  ,m 0 n to be _h1  & ?is he   
kept b a little :ile2 = on ! #ai? (     
,may1 #agae1 he  di$ ( an inflammation (
 8 lungs4    ,( him1 :o f a poet became 
a patron ( poets1 x w be readily        
believ$ t ! works w\ld n miss (         
celebration4  ,addison began to  praise 
him e>ly1 & 0 foll[$ or accompani$ by   
o!r poets2 p]haps  by almo/ all1 except 
,swift & ,pope1 :o =bore to flatt] him 9

 8  life1 & aft] 8 dea? spoke (         
him--,swift ) slight c5sure1 &  ,pope1 9
 ! "* ( ,bufo1 ) acrimoni\s contempt4   
,he 01 z ,pope says1 8f$ ) d$ications20 
= ,tickell affirms t no  d$ication 0    
unrew>d$4  ,to *>ge all unm]it$ praise )
 ! guilt  ( flatt]y1 & to suppose t !   
encomia/ always kn[s & feels !          
falsehoods ( 8 ass]tions1 is surely to  
discov] great ignorance (  human nature 
& human life4  ,9 det]m9ations dep5d+ n 
on rules1  b on exp]i5ce & comp>ison1   
judgm5t is always 9 "s degree  subject  
to affection4  ,v ne> to admiration is !
 wi% to admire4    ,e man will+ly gives 
value to ! praise :i* he receives1 &    
consid]s ! s5t5ce pass$ 9 8 fav\r z !   
s5t5ce (  disc]nm5t4  ,we admire 9 a    
fri5d t und]/&+ t select$ u  =          
confid5ce2 we admire m1 9 a patron1 t   
judgm5t :i*1 in/ead  ( scatt]+ b\nty    
indiscrim9ately1 direct$ x to u2 &1 if !
  patron be an au?or1 ^? p]=mances :i*  
gratitude =bids u to  blame1 affection w
 easily dispose u to exalt4    ,to ^!   

prejudices1 h>dly culpable1 int]e/ adds 
a p[] always  op]at+1 ?\gh n always1    
because n will+ly1 p]ceiv$4  ,!  mode/y 
( praise we>s gradually away2 & p]haps !
 pride (  patronage may be 9 "t s       
increas$ t mode/ praise w no long]      
please4    ,_m a bl&i%m5t 0 practis$ ^u 
,halifax :i* he w\ld nev] h  kn[n _h he 
no o!r attractions ?an ^? ( 8 poetry1 ( 
:i* a  %ort "t has )]$ ! beauties4  ,x  
w\ld n[ be e/eem$ no  hon\r1 by a       
contributor to ! mon?ly bundles ( v]ses1
 to be told  t1 9 /ra9s ei!r famili> or 
solemn1 he s+s l ,montague4             
,,p>nell4      ,,! life ( ,dr4 ,p>nell  
is a task :i* ,i %\ld v will+ly decl9e1 
s9ce x has be5 lately writt5 by         
,goldsmi?1 a man ( su* v>iety (  p[]s1 &
 su* felicity ( p]=mance1 t he always   
seem$ to d  be/ t :i* he 0 do+2 a man :o
 _h ! art ( be+ m9ute  )\t t$i\sness1 & 
g5]al )\t confusion2 ^: language 0      
copi\s )\t exub]ance1 exact )\t         
con/ra9t1 & easy )\t  weakness4    ,:at 
su* an au?or has told1 :o w\ld tell     

aga98  ,i h made an  ab/ract f 8 l>g]   
n>rative2 & h ?is gratification f my    
attempt1 t x gives me an opportunity (  
pay+ due tribute to !  memory (         
,goldsmi?4    ,?omas ,p>nell 0 ! son ( a
 ,commonweal?sman ( ! same "n1 :o1  at !
 ,re/oration1 left ,congleton1 9        
,*e%ire1 :]e ! family _h  be5 e/abli%$ =
 sev]al c5turies1 &1 settl+ 9 ,irel&1   
pur*as$ an e/ate1 :i*1 ) 8 l&s 9        
,*e%ire1 desc5d$ to !  poet1 :o 0 born  
at ,dubl9 9 #afgi2 &1 aft] ! usual      
education at a  gramm> s*ool1 01 at !   
age ( ?irte51 admitt$ into ! ,college   
:]e1 9 #agjj1 he became ,ma/] ( ,arts2 &
 0 ! same ye> orda9$  a deacon1 ?\gh "u 
! canonical age1 by a disp5sation f !   
,bi%op ( ,d]ry4    ,ab\t ?ree ye>s      
aft]w>ds he 0 made a prie/ & 9 #agje    
,dr4 ,a%e1  ! ,bi%op ( ,clogh]1 conf]r$ 
^u him ! ar*deaconry ( ,clogh]4  ,ab\t !
 same "t he m>ri$ ,mrs4 ,anne ,m9*91 an 
amiable lady1 by  :om he _h two sons1 :o
 di$ "y1 & a daught]1 :o long surviv$   
him4    ,at ! ejection ( ! ,:igs1 9 !   

end ( ,que5 ,anne's reign1 ,p>nell  0   
p]suad$ to *ange 8 p>ty1 n )\t mu*      
c5sure f ^?  :om he =sook1 & 0 receiv$  
by ! new ,m9i/ry z a valuable           
re9=cem5t4  ,:5 ! ,e>l ( ,ox=d 0 told t 
,dr4 ,p>nell wait$  among ! cr[d 9 !    
out] room1 he w5t1 by ! p]suasion (     
,swift1  ) 8 ,treasur]'s /aff 9 8 h&1 to
 inquire = him1 & to bid  him welcome2  
&1 z may be inf]r$ f ,pope's d$ication1 
admitt$ him  z a fav\rite companion to 8
 convivial h\rs1 b1 z x seems (t5  to h 
happ5$ 9 ^? times to ! fav\rites ( !    
great1 )\t  att5tion to 8 =tune1 :i*1   
h[ev]1 0 9 no great ne$ (  improvem5t4  
,p>nell1 :o did n want ambition or      
vanity1 0 desir\s to make  himself      
conspicu\s1 & to %[ h[ wor?y he 0 ( high
 pref]m5t4  ,z he ?\ght himself qualifi$
 to become a popul> prea*]1 he  display$
 8 elocution ) great success 9 ! pulpits
 ( ,london2 b  ! ,que5's dea? putt+ an  
end to 8 expectations1 abat$ 8          
dilig5ce2 & ,pope repres5ts him z fall+ 
f t "t into  intemp]ance ( w9e4  ,t 9 8 

latt] life he 0 too mu* a lov] (  !     
bottle1 is n d5i$2 b ,i h he>d x imput$ 
to a cause m  likely to obta9 =giv5ess f
 mank9d1 ! untimely dea? ( a  d>l+ son2 
or1 z o!rs tell1 ! loss ( 8 wife1 :o di$
 7#agab7 9  ! mid/ ( 8 expectations4    
,he 0 n[ to d]ive e future addition to 8
 pref]m5ts f 8  p]sonal int]e/ ) 8      
private fri5ds1 & he 0 n long  unreg>d$4
  ,he 0 w>mly recomm5d$ by ,swift to    
,ar*bi%op ,k+1 :o  gave him a preb5d 9  
#agac2 & 9 ,may1 #agaf1 pres5t$ him to !
  vic>age ( ,f+lass1 9 ! diocese (      
,dubl91 wor? #djj a ye>4  ,su*  notice f
 su* a man incl9es me to believe t !    
vice ( :i* he  has be5 accus$ 0 n gross 
or n notori\s4    ,b 8 prosp]ity did n  
la/ long4  ,8 end1 :atev] 0 its cause1  
0 n[ approa*+4  ,he enjoy$ 8 pref]m5t   
little m ?an a ye>2  = 9 ,july1 #agag1 9
 8 ?irty-eigh? ye>1 he di$ at ,*e/] on 8
  way to ,irel&4    ,he seems to h be5  
"o ( ^? poets :o take delight 9 writ+4  
,he  contribut$ to ! pap]s ( t "t1 &    
probably publi%$ m ?an  he own$4  ,he   

left _m compositions beh9d him1 ( :i*   
,pope select$  ^? :i* he ?\ght be/1 &   
d$icat$ !m to ! ,e>l ( ,ox=d4  ,( ^!    
,goldsmi? has giv5 an op9ion1 & 8       
criticism x is seldom  safe to          
contradict4  ,he be/[s j praise ^u 8,!  
,rise ( ,woman10  8,! ,fairy ,tale10 &  
8,! ,p]vigilium ,v5]is20 b has v prop]ly
  rem>k$ t 9 8,! ,battle ( ,mice &      
,frogs0 ! ,greek names h n  9 ,engli% _!
 orig9al effect4  ,he tells u t 8,!     
,bookworm0 is  borr[$ f ,beza2 b he %\ld
 h add$ ) mod]n applications3  & :5 he  
discov]s t 8,gay ,bac*us0 is translat$ f
 ,augurellus1  he ought to h rem>k$ t ! 
latt] "p is purely ,p>nell's4  ,ano!r   
poem1 8,:5 ,spr+ ,comes ,on10 is1 he    
says1 tak5 f ! ,fr5*4  ,i w\ld add t !  
description ( 8,b>r5ness10 9 8 v]ses to 
,pope1  0 borr[$ f ,secundus2 b lately  
se>*+ = ! passage :i* ,i  _h =m]ly read1
 ,i c\ld n f9d x4  8,! ,night ,piece on 
,dea?0 is  indirectly pref]r$ by        
,goldsmi? to ,gray's 8,*ur*y>d20 b1 9 my
  op9ion1 ,gray has ! advantage 9       

dignity1 v>iety1 & orig9ality (         
s5tim5t4  ,he obs]ves t ! /ory ( 8,!    
,h]mit0 is 9 ,m's  8,dialogues0 &       
,h[ell's 8,lett]s10 & supposes x to h   
be5  orig9ally ,arabian4    ,goldsmi?   
has n tak5 any notice ( 8,! ,elegy to ! 
,old ,beauty10  :i* is p]haps ! meane/2 
nor ( 8,! ,allegory on ,man10 ! happie/ 
( ,p>nell's p]=mances4  ,! h9t ( 8,!    
,hymn to ,cont5tm5t0 ,i  suspect to h   
be5 borr[$ f ,clevel&4    ,! g5]al "* ( 
,p>nell is n great ext5t ( compreh5sion 
or  f]tility ( m9d4  ,( ! little t      
appe>s1 /ill less is 8 own4  ,8 praise  
mu/ be d]iv$ f ! easy sweetness ( 8     
diction3 9 8  v]ses !re is m happ9ess   
?an pa9s2 he is sprightly )\t  ef=t1 &  
always delights1 ?\gh he nev] ravi%es2  
ev]y?+ is  prop]1 yet ev]y?+ seems      
casual4  ,if !re is "s appe>ance (      
elaboration 9 8,! ,h]mit10 ! n>rative1 z
 x is less airy1 is less  pleas+4  ,( 8 
o!r compositions x is impossible to say 
:e!r !y  are ! productions ( nature1 s  
excell5t z n to want ! help (  art1 or (

 art s ref9$ z to resemble nature4      
,?is criticism relates only to ! pieces 
publi%$ by ,pope4  ,( !  l>ge app5dages 
:i* ,i f9d 9 ! la/ edition1 ,i c only   
say t ,i  "k n :5ce !y came1 nor h ev]  
inquir$ :i!r !y are go+4  ,!y /& ^u !   
fai? ( ! compil]s4          ,,g>?4      
,,samuel ,,g>? 0 ( a good family 9      
,york%ire1 & f "s s*ool 9  8 own c\nty  
became a /ud5t at ,pet] ,h\se1 9        
,cambridge1 :]e he  resid$ till he      
became ,doctor ( ,physic on ,july ! #g?1
 #afia4  ,he 0  exam9$ be=e ! ,college  
at ,london on ,m>* ! #ab?1 #afia-b1 &   
admitt$ ,fell[ ,june #bf?1 #afic4  ,he 0
 soon s mu* di/+ui%$ by  8 conv]sation &
 accompli%m5ts z to obta9 v ext5sive    
practice2 &1 if a pamphlet ( ^? times   
may be cr$it$1 _h !  fav\r & confid5ce (
 "o p>ty1 z ,radcliffe _h ( ! o!r4  ,he 
is  always m5tion$ z a man ( b5evol5ce2 
& x is j to suppose t  8 desire ( help+ 
! helpless dispos$ him to s mu* zeal =  
8,!  ,disp5s>y20 an und]tak+ ( :i* "s   
acc\nt1 h[ev] %ort1 is  prop] to be     

giv54    ,:e!r :at ,temple says be true1
 t physicians h _h m le>n+  ?an ! o!r   
faculties1 ,i w n /ay to inquire2 b ,i  
believe e  man has f\nd 9 physicians    
great lib]ality & dignity ( s5tim5t1  v 
prompt effusion ( b5efic5ce1 & will+ness
 to ex]t a lucrative  art :]e !re is no 
hope ( lucre4  ,agreeably to ?is "*1 !  
,college ( ,physicians1 9 ,july1 #afhg1 
publi%$ an edict1 requir+ all  !        
,fell[s1 ,c&idates1 & ,lic5tiates to    
give gratuit\s advice to !  neighb\r+   
poor4  ,?is edict 0 s5t to ! ,c\rt (    
,ald]m52 &1 a  "q be+ made to :om !     
appellation ( ! poor %\ld be  ext5d$1 ! 
,college answ]$ t x %\ld be suffici5t to
 br+ a  te/imonial f ! cl]gyman (ficiat+
 9 ! p>i% :]e !  pati5t resid$4    ,aft]
 a ye>'s exp]i5ce ! physicians f\nd _!  
*>ity fru/rat$  by "s malignant         
opposition1 & made to a great degree va9
 by ! high  price ( physic2 !y !re=e    
vot$1 9 ,augu/1 #afhh1 t !  laboratory (
 ! ,college %\ld be accommodat$ to !    
prep>ation (  m$ic9es1 & ano!r room     

prep>$ = _! reception2 & t !            
contributors to ! exp5se %\ld manage !  
*>ity4    ,x 0 n[ expect$ t ! apo!c>ies 
w\ld h und]tak5 ! c>e  ( provid+        
m$ic9es2 b !y took ano!r c\rse4  ,?9k+ !
 :ole  design p]nici\s to _! int]e/1 !y 
endeav\r$ to raise a faction  aga9/ x 9 
! ,college1 & f\nd "s physicians mean   
en\gh to  solicit _! patronage by       
betray+ to !m ! c\nsels ( ! ,college4   
,! great] "p1 h[ev]1 en=c$ by a new     
edict1 9 #afid1 ! =m]  ord] ( #afhg1 &  
s5t x to ! ,mayor & ,ald]m51 :o appo9t$ 
a  committee to treat ) ! ,college &    
settle ! mode ( adm9i/]+  ! *>ity4    ,x
 0 desir$ by ! ald]m5 t ! te/imonials ( 
*ur*w>d5s &  ov]se]s %\ld be admitt$2 & 
t all hir$ s]vants1 & all  appr5tices to
 h&icraftsm51 %\ld be consid]$ z poor4  
,?is  likewise 0 grant$ by ! ,college4  
,x 0 !n consid]$ :o %\ld di/ribute !    
m$ic9es1 & :o  %\ld settle _! prices4   
,! physicians procur$ "s apo!c>ies to   
und]take ! disp5sation1 & (f]$ t ! w>d5 
& company (  ! apo!c>ies %\ld adju/ !   

price4  ,?is (f] 0 reject$2 &  !        
apo!c>ies :o _h engag$ to assi/ ! *>ity 
7 consid]$ z  traitors to ! company1    
?reat5$ ) ! imposition ( tr\blesome     
(fices1 & det]r$ f ! p]=mance ( _!      
engagem5ts4  ,!  apo!c>ies v5tur$ ^u    
public opposition1 & pres5t$ a k9d (    
remon/rance aga9/ ! design to !         
committee ( ! ,city1 :i* !  physicians  
condesc5d$ to confute3 & at la/ ! trad]s
 seem to h  prevail$ among ! sons (     
trade2 = ! proposal ( ! ,college hav+   
be5 consid]$1 a pap] ( approbation 0    
drawn up1 b po/pon$ &  =gott54    ,!    
physicians /ill p]si/$2 & 9 #afif a     
subscription 0 rais$ by  !mselves       
accord+ to an agreem5t prefix$ to 8,!   
,disp5s>y40  ,!  poor 71 = a "t1 suppli$
 ) m$ic9es2 = h[ long a "t ,i  "k n4  ,!
 m$ic9al *>ity1 l o!rs1 began ) ard\r1 b
  soon remitt$1 & at la/ di$ gradually  
away4    ,ab\t ! "t ( ! subscription    
beg9s ! action ( 8,! ,disp5s>y40  ,!    
poem1 z its subject 0 pres5t & popul>1  
co-op]at$ )  passions & prejudices !n   

preval5t1 &1 ) su* auxili>ies to its    
intr9sic m]it1 0 univ]sally & lib]ally  
applaud$4  ,x 0 on !  side ( *>ity aga9/
 ! intrigues ( int]e/2 & ( regul>  le>n+
 aga9/ lic5ti\s usurpation ( m$ical     
au?ority1 & 0  !re=e naturally fav\r$ by
 ^? :o read & c judge ( poetry4    ,9   
#afig ,g>? spoke t :i* is n[ call$ 8,!  
,h>veian ,oration20  :i* ! au?ors ( 8,! 
,biographia0 m5tion ) m praise ?an !    
passage quot$ 9 _! notes w fully ju/ify4
  ,g>?1 speak+ ( !  mis*iefs done by    
quacks1 has ^! expressions3 8,non tam5  
telis  vuln]at i/a agyrt>um colluvies1  
s$ !riaca qudam magis p]nicios1  non    
pyrio1 s$ pulv]e nescio quo exotico     
c]tat1 non globulis plumbeis1  s$       
pilulis que le?alibus int]ficit40  ,?is 
0 c]ta9ly ?\ght f9e  by ! au?or1 & is   
/ill admir$ by 8 biograph]4  ,9 ,octob]1
 #agjb1  he became "o ( ! c5sors ( !    
,college4    ,g>?1 be+ an active &      
zeal\s ,:ig1 0 a memb] ( ! ,kit-,cat    
,club1 &1 by consequ5ce1 famili>ly kn[n 
to all ! great m5 ( t  d5om9ation4  ,9  

#agaj1 :5 ! gov]nm5t fell into o!r h&s1 
he  writ to ,"l ,godolph91 on 8         
dismission1 a %ort poem1 :i* 0          
criticis$ 9 ! ,exam9]1 & s successfully 
ei!r def5d$ or  excus$ by ,mr4 ,addison 
t1 = ! sake ( ! v9dication1 x ought to  
be pres]v$4    ,at ! accession ( !      
pres5t family 8 m]its 7 ackn[l$g$ &     
rew>d$4  ,he 0 knight$ ) ! sword ( 8    
h]o1 ,m>lbor\gh2 &  0 made              
,physician-9-,ord9>y to ! ,k+1 &        
,physician-,g5]al to !  army4  ,he !n   
und]took an edition ( ,ovid's           
8,metamorphoses10 translat$  by sev]al  
h&s2 :i* he recomm5d$ by a preface1     
writt5 ) m  o/5tation ?an ability2 8    
notions are half-=m$1 & 8 mat]ials      
imme?odically confus$4  ,?is 0 8 la/ "w4
  ,he di$ ,janu>y #ah?1  #agag-ah1 & 0  
buri$ at ,h>r[-on-!-,hill4    ,8 p]sonal
 "* seems to h be5 social & lib]al4  ,he
  communicat$ himself ?r\gh a v wide    
ext5t ( acqua9tance2 &  ?\gh firm 9 a   
p>ty1 at a "t :5 firmness includ$       
virul5ce1 yet  he imp>t$ 8 k9dness to ^?

 :o 7 n suppos$ to fav\r 8  pr9ciples4  
,he 0 an e>ly enc\rag] ( ,pope1 & 0 at  
once !  fri5d ( ,addison & ( ,granville4
  ,he is accus$ ( voluptu\sness &       
irreligion2 & ,pope1 :o says t 8if ev]  
!re 0 a good ,*ri/ian1  )\t kn[+ himself
 to be s1 x 0 ,dr4 ,g>?10 seems n able  
to  d5y :at he is angry to he> & lo? to 
confess4    ,pope aft]w>ds decl>$       
himself conv9c$ t ,g>? di$ 9 !          
communion ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 hav+ be5   
privately reconcil$4  ,x is  obs]v$ by  
,l[? t !re is less di/ance ?an is ?\ght 
betwe5  scepticism & ,pop]y2 & t a m9d  
we>i$ ) p]petual d\bt1  will+ly seeks   
repose 9 ! bosom ( an infallible ,*ur*4 
,8 poetry has be5 prais$ at lea/ equally
 to its m]it4  ,9 8,!  ,disp5s>y0 !re is
 a /ra9 ( smoo? & free v]sification2 b  
few  l9es are em95tly elegant4  ,no     
passages fall bel[ m$iocrity1 & few     
rise mu* above x4  ,! plan seems =m$ )\t
 j proportion to !  subject2 ! means &  
end h no necess>y connection4  ,resnel1 
9 8  preface to ,pope's ,essay1 rem>ks t

 ,g>? exhibits no discrim9ation (       
*>act]s2 & t :at any "o says might1 )   
equal propriety1 h  be5 said by ano!r4  
,! g5]al design is1 p]haps1 op5 to      
criticism2  b ! composition c seldom be 
*>g$ ) inaccuracy or neglig5ce4  ,!     
au?or nev] slumb]s 9 self-indulg5ce2 8  
full vig\r is always  ex]t$2 sc>cely a  
l9e is left unf9i%$2 nor is x easy to   
f9d an  expression us$ by con/ra9t1 or a
 ?\ght imp]fectly express$4  ,x  0      
rem>k$ by ,pope1 t 8,! ,disp5s>y0 _h be5
 correct$ 9 e  edition1 & t e *ange 0 an
 improvem5t4  ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1  to want
 some?+ ( poetical ard\r1 & some?+ (    
g5]al  delectation2 & !re=e1 s9ce x has 
be5 no long] support$ by  accid5tal &   
intr9sic popul>ity1 x has be5 sc>cely   
able to support  itself4          ,,r[e4
      ,,ni*olas ,,r[e 0 born at ,little 
,beck=d1 9 ,b$=d%ire1 9 #afgc4  ,8      
family _h long possess$ a consid]able   
e/ate1 ) a good h\se1 at  ,lamb]t\n 9   
,devon%ire4  ,! ance/or f :om he desc5d$
 9 a  direct l9e receiv$ ! arms borne by

 8 desc5dants = 8 brav]y 9  ! ,holy ,w>4
  ,8 fa!r1 ,john ,r[e1 :o 0 ! fir/ t    
quitt$ 8  pat]nal acres to practise any 
"p ( pr(it1 pr(ess$ ! law1 &  publi%$   
,b5l['s & ,dallison's ,reports 9 ! reign
 ( ,james !  ,second1 :51 9 opposition  
to ! notions !n dilig5tly propagat$ (   
disp5s+ p[]1 he v5tur$ to rem>k h[ l[ 8 
au?ors rat$ !  pr]ogative4  ,he 0 made a
 s]jeant1 & di$ ,april #cj1 #afib4  ,he 
0  buri$ 9 ! ,temple *ur*4    ,ni*olas 0
 fir/ s5t to a private s*ool at         
,highgate2 &1 be+  aft]w>ds remov$ to   
,we/m9/]1 0 at twelve ye>s *os5 "o ( !  
,k+'s ,s*ol>s4  ,8 ma/] 0 ,busby1 :o    
suff]$ none ( 8 s*ol>s  to let _! p[]s  
lie useless2 & 8 ex]cises 9 sev]al      
languages  are said to h be5 writt5 )   
uncommon degrees ( excell5ce1 &  yet to 
h co/ him v little lab\r4  ,at sixte5 he
 _h1 9 8  fa!r's op9ion1 made advances 9
 le>n+ suffici5t to qualify him =  !    
/udy ( law1 & 0 ent]$ a /ud5t ( !       
,middle ,temple1 :]e  = "s "t he read   
/atutes & reports ) pr(ici5cy           

proportionate  to ! =ce ( 8 m9d1 :i* 0  
already su* t he endeav\r$ to  compreh5d
 law1 n z a s]ies ( prec$5ts1 or        
collection ( positive  precepts1 b z a  
sy/em ( rational gov]nm5t & imp>tial    
ju/ice4  ,:5 he 0 n9ete51 he 01 by !    
dea? ( 8 fa!r1 left m to  8 own         
direction1 & probably f t "t suff]$ law 
gradually to  give way to poetry4  ,at  
tw5ty-five he produc$ ! ,ambiti\s       
,/ep-,"m1 :i* 0 receiv$ ) s mu* fav\r t 
he devot$  himself f t "t :olly to      
elegant lit]ature4    ,8 next trag$y    
7#agjb7 0 ,tam]lane1 9 :i*1 "u ! "n (   
,tam]lane1 he int5d$ to *>act]ise ,k+   
,william1 & ,l\is !  ,f\rte5? "u        
,bajazet4  ,! virtues ( ,tam]lane seem  
to h be5  arbitr>ily assign$ him by 8   
poet1 = ,i "k n t hi/ory gives  any o!r 
qualities ?an ^? :i* make a conqu]or4   
,! fa%ion1  h[ev]1 ( ! "t 0 to          
accumulate ^u ,l\is all t c raise       
horror & dete/ation2 & :atev] good 0    
)held f him1 t x  might n be ?r[n away 0
 be/[$ ^u ,k+ ,william4  ,?is 0 !       

trag$y :i* ,r[e valu$ mo/1 & t :i*      
probably1 by ! help (  political        
auxili>ies1 excit$ mo/ applause2 b      
occasional poetry mu/  (t5 cont5t itself
 ) occasional praise4  ,tam]lane has = a
 long  "t be5 act$ only once a ye>1 on !
 night :5 ,k+ ,william l&$4  ,our qu>rel
 ) ,l\is has be5 long ov]2 & x n[       
gratifies nei!r  zeal nor malice to see 
him pa9t$ ) aggravat$ features1 l a     
,s>ac5 ^u a sign4    ,! ,fair ,p5it5t1 8
 next production 7#agjc71 is "o ( ! mo/ 
pleas+ trag$ies on ! /age1 :]e x /ill   
keeps its turns (  appe>+1 & probably w 
long keep !m1 = !re is sc>cely any  "w (
 any poet at once s int]e/+ by ! fable1 
& s delightful  by ! language4  ,! /ory 
is dome/ic1 & !re=e easily receiv$ by  !
 imag9ation1 & assimilat$ to common     
life2 ! diction is  exquisitely         
h>moni\s1 & s(t or sprightly z occasion 
requires4    ,! "* ( ,lo?>io seems to h 
be5 exp&$ by ,ri*>dson into  ,lovelace2 
b he has excell$ 8 orig9al 9 ! moral    
effect ( !  fiction4  ,lo?>io1 ) gaiety 

:i* _c be hat$1 & brav]y :i*  _c be     
despis$1 reta9s too mu* ( ! spectator's 
k9dness4  ,x 0  9 ! p[] ( ,ri*>dson     
alone to tea* u at once e/eem &         
dete/ation1 to make virtu\s res5tm5t    
ov]p[] all ! b5evol5ce  :i* wit1        
elegance1 & c\rage1 naturally excite2 & 
to lose at la/  ! h]o 9 ! villa94  ,!   
fif? act is n equal to ! =m]2 !  ev5ts (
 ! drama are exhau/$1 & little rema9s b 
to talk ( :at  is pa/4  ,x has be5      
obs]v$ t ! title ( ! play does n        
suffici5tly correspond ) ! behavi\r (   
,cali/a1 :o at la/ %[s  no evid5t signs 
( rep5tance1 b may be reasonably        
suspect$ (  feel+ pa9 f detection r ?an 
f guilt1 & expresses m  %ame ?an sorr[1 
& m rage ?an %ame4    ,8 next 7#agjf7 0 
,ulysses2 :i*1 ) ! common fate (        
my?ological /ories1 is n[ g5]ally       
neglect$4  ,we h be5 too e>ly  acqua9t$ 
) ! poetical h]oes to expect any        
pleasure f _!  revival2 to %[ !m z !y h 
already be5 %[n1 is to disgu/ by        
repetition2 to give !m new qualities1 or

 new adv5tures1 is to (f5d  by violat+  
receiv$ notions4    8,! ,royal ,conv]t0 
7#agjh7 seems to h a bett] claim to     
longevity4  ,! fable is drawn f an      
obscure & b>b>\s age1 to :i* fictions   
are m easily & prop]ly adapt$2 = :5     
objects are imp]fectly  se51 !y easily  
take =ms f imag9ation4  ,! sc5e lies    
among our  ance/ors 9 our own c\ntry1 & 
!re=e v easily cat*es  att5tion4        
,rodogune is a p]sonage truly tragical1 
( high _s1 &  viol5t passions1 great )  
tempe/u\s dignity1 & wick$ ) a s\l  t   
w\ld h be5 h]oic if x _h be5 virtu\s4   
,! motto seems to  tell t ?is play 0 n  
successful4    ,r[e does n always       
rememb] :at 8 *>act]s require4  ,9      
,tam]lane !re is "s ridicul\s m5tion ( !
 ,god ( ,love2 &  ,rodogune1 a savage   
,saxon1 talks ( ,v5us & ! eagle t be>s !
  ?und] ( ,jupit]4    ,?is play discov]s
 its own date1 by a pr$iction ( !       
,union1 9  imitation ( ,cranm]'s        
prophetic promises to ,h5ry ,,viii4  ,! 
anticipat$  bless+s ( union are n v     

naturally introduc$1 nor v happily      
express$4  ,he once 7#agjf7 tri$ to     
*ange 8 h&4  ,he v5tur$ on a  com$y1 &  
produc$ ! ,bit]1 ) :i*1 ?\gh x 0        
unfav\rably  treat$ by ! audi5ce1 he 0  
himself delight$2 = he is said to h  sat
 9 ! h\se laugh+ ) great vehem5ce1 :5ev]
 he _h1 9 8  own op9ion1 produc$ a je/4 
,b f9d+ t he & ! public _h no  sympa?y (
 mir?1 he tri$ at light] sc5es no m4    
,aft] ! ,royal ,conv]t 7#agad7 appe>$   
,jane ,%ore1 writt51 z its  au?or       
pr(esses1 9 imitation ( ,%akespe>e's    
/yle4  ,9 :at he  ?\ght himself an      
imitator ( ,%akespe>e x is n easy to    
conceive4  ,! numb]s1 ! diction1 !      
s5tim5ts1 & ! conduct1 ev]y?+ 9  :i*    
imitation c consi/1 are remote 9 ! utmo/
 degree f !  mann] ( ,%akespe>e1 ^:     
dramas x resembles only z x is an       
,engli%  /ory1 & z "s ( ! p]sons h _!   
names 9 hi/ory4  ,?is  play1 consi/+    
*iefly ( dome/ic sc5es & private        
di/ress1 lays  hold ^u ! he>t4  ,! wife 
is =giv5 because %e rep5ts1 & !  husb&  

is hon\r$ because he =gives4  ,?is1     
!re=e1 is "o (  ^? pieces :i* we /ill   
welcome on ! /age4    ,8 la/ trag$y     
7#agae7 0 ,lady ,jane ,grey4  ,?is      
subject _h be5  *os5 by ,mr4 ,smi?1 ^:  
pap]s 7 put into ,r[e's h&s su* z he    
describes !m 9 8 preface4  ,?is play has
 likewise sunk into  oblivion4  ,f ?is  
"t he gave no?+ m to ! /age4    ,be+ by 
a compet5t =tune exempt$ f any necessity
 ( combat+ 8  incl9ation1 he nev] wrote 
9 di/ress1 & !re=e does n appe> to  h   
ev] writt5 9 ha/e4  ,8 works 7 f9i%$ to 
8 own  approbation1 & be> few m>ks (    
neglig5ce or hurry4  ,x is rem>kable  t 
8 prologues & epilogues are all 8 own1  
?\gh he sometimes  suppli$ o!rs2 he     
af=d$ help1 b did n solicit x4    ,z 8  
/udies necess>ily made him acqua9t$ )   
,%akespe>e1 &  acqua9tance produc$      
v5]ation1 he und]took 7#agji7 an edition
 ( 8  works1 f :i* he nei!r receiv$ mu* 
praise1 nor seems to h  expect$ x2 yet  
,i believe ^? :o comp>e x ) =m] copies w
  f9d t he has done m ?an he promis$2 & 

t1 )\t ! pomp  ( notes or boa/s (       
criticism1 _m passages are happily      
re/or$4  ,he  prefix$ a life ( ! au?or1 
su* z tradition1 !n almo/ expir+1  c\ld 
supply1 & a preface1 :i* _c be said to  
discov] mu*  pr(undity or p5etration4   
,he at lea/ contribut$ to ! popul>ity ( 
8 au?or4  ,he 0 will+ en\gh to improve 8
 =tune by o!r arts  ?an poetry4  ,he 0  
"u-secret>y = ?ree ye>s :5 ! ,duke (    
,que5sb]ry 0 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 &       
aft]w>ds appli$ to ! ,e>l (  ,ox=d = "s 
public employm5t4  ,ox=d enjo9$ him to  
/udy ,spani%2  & :51 "s "t aft]w>ds1 he 
came aga91 & said t he _h  ma/]$ x1     
dismiss$ him ) ?is congratulation1 8,!n1
 sir1 ,i envy  y ! pleasure ( read+     
#8,don ,quixote' 9 ! orig9al40    ,?is  
/ory is suffici5tly atte/$2 b :y ,ox=d1 
:o desir$ to be  ?\ght a fav\r] (       
lit]ature1 %\ld ?us insult a man (      
ackn[l$g$ m]it1 or h[ ,r[e1 :o 0 s ke5 a
 ,:ig t he did n  will+ly conv]se ) m5 (
 ! opposite p>ty1 c\ld ask pref]m5t  f  
,ox=d1 x is n n[ possible to discov]4   

,pope1 :o told !  /ory1 did n say on :at
 occasion ! advice 0 giv52 &1 ?\gh he   
own$ ,r[e's disappo9tm5t1 d\bt$ :e!r any
 injury 0 int5d$ him1  b ?\ght x r ,"l  
,ox=d's odd way4    ,x is likely t he   
liv$ on discont5t$ ?r\gh ! re/ ( ,que5  
,anne's reign2 b ! "t came at la/ :5 he 
f\nd k9d] fri5ds4  ,at  ! accession (   
,k+ ,george he 0 made                   
,poet-,laureate--,i am afraid1 by  !    
ejection ( poor ,nahum ,tate1 :o 7#agaf7
 di$ 9 ! ,m9t1 :]e he  0 =c$ to seek    
%elt] by extreme pov]ty4  ,he 0 made    
likewise "o  ( ! l&-surveyors ( ! cu/oms
 ( ! ,port ( ,london4  ,! ,pr9ce  (     
,wales *ose him ,cl]k ( 8 ,c\ncil2 & !  
,"l ,*ancellor ,p>k]1  z soon z he      
receiv$ ! seals1 appo9t$ him1 unask$1   
,secret>y (  ! ,pres5tations4  ,su* an  
accumulation ( employm5ts und\bt$ly     
produc$ a v consid]able rev5ue4    ,hav+
 already translat$ "s p>ts ( ,lucan's   
8,ph>salia10 :i* _h  be5 publi%$ 9 !    
,miscellanies1 & d\btless receiv$ _m    
praises1 he und]took a v]sion ( ! :ole  

"w1 :i* he liv$ to  f9i%1 b n to publi%4
  ,x seems to h be5 pr9t$ "u ! c>e  (   
,dr4 ,welwood1 :o prefix$ ! au?or's     
life1 9 :i* is conta9$ !  foll[+ "*3--  
8,z to 8 p]son1 x 0 graceful & well     
made2 8 face regul>1      & ( a manly   
beauty4  ,z 8 s\l 0 well lodg$1 s its   
rational      & animal faculties excell$
 9 a high degree4  ,he _h a quick &     
fruitful inv5tion1 a deep p5etration1 & 
a l>ge compass (      ?\ght1 ) s+ul>    
dext]ity & eas9ess 9 mak+ 8 ?\ghts      
to be und]/ood4  ,he 0 ma/] ( mo/ p>ts (
 polite le>n+1      especially !        
classical au?ors1 bo? ,greek & ,lat92   
und]/ood      ! ,fr5*1 ,italian1 &      
,spani% languages1 & spoke ! fir/       
flu5tly1 & ! o!r two tol]ably well4  ,he
 _h likewise read      mo/ ( ! ,greek & 
,roman hi/ories 9 _! orig9al languages1 
& mo/ t are wrote 9 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1     
,italian1 & ,spani%4  ,he      _h a good
 ta/e 9 philosophy2 &1 hav+ a firm      
impression (      religion ^u 8 m9d1 he 
took great delight 9 div9ity &          

ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 9 bo? ( :i* he    
made great advances 9      ! times he   
retir$ into ! c\ntry1 :i* 0 frequ5t4    
,he      express$ on all occasions 8    
full p]suasion ( ! tru? (      reveal$  
religion2 &1 be+ a s9c]e memb] ( !      
,e/abli%$      ,*ur* himself1 he piti$1 
b condemn$ n1 ^? t diss5t$      f x4    
,he abhorr$ ! pr9ciples ( p]secut+ m5 ^u
 !      acc\nt ( _! op9ions 9 religion2 
&1 be+ /rict 9 8 own1      he took x n  
^u him to c5sure ^? ( ano!r p]suasion4  
,8      conv]sation 0 pleasant1 witty1 &
 le>n$1 )\t ! lea/      t9cture (       
affectation or p$antry2 & 8 inimitable  
mann] (      div]t+ & enliv5+ ! company 
made x impossible = any "o      to be   
out ( hum\r :5 he 0 9 x4  ,envy &       
detraction seem$ to      be entirely    
=eign to 8 con/itution2 & :atev]        
provocations he      met ) at any "t1 he
 pass$ !m ov] )\t ! lea/ ?\ght      (   
res5tm5t or rev5ge4  ,z ,hom] _h a      
,zoilus1 s ,mr4 ,r[e _h      sometimes  
82 = !re 7 n want+ malevol5t p1 &       

pret5d]s to poetry too1 t w\ld n[ & !n  
b>k at 8 be/      p]=mances2 b he 0 s   
consci\s ( 8 own g5ius1 & _h s      mu* 
good-nature1 z to =give !m1 nor c\ld he 
ev] be tempt$ to      return !m an      
answ]4        8,! love ( le>n+ & poetry 
made him n ! less fit =      bus9ess1 & 
nobody appli$ himself clos] to x :5 x   
requir$      8 att5dance4  ,! late ,duke
 ( ,que5sb]ry1 :5 he 0 ,secret>y      ( 
,/ate1 made him 8 secret>y = public     
affairs2 & :5 t      truly great man    
came to "k him well1 he 0 nev] s pleas$ 
z      :5 ,mr4 ,r[e 0 9 8 company4      
,aft] ! duke's dea?1 all      av5ues 7  
/opp$ to 8 pref]m5t2 & dur+ ! re/ ( t   
reign he pass$ 8 "t ) ! ,muses & 8      
books1 & sometimes      ! conv]sation ( 
8 fri5ds4  ,:5 he _h j got to be easy 9 
8 =tune1 & 0 9 a fair way to make x     
bett]1 dea? swept him      away1 & 9 him
 depriv$ ! _w ( "o ( ! be/ m51 z well   
z "o ( ! be/ g5iuses1 ( ! age4  ,he di$ 
l a ,*ri/ian      & a philosoph]1 9     
*>ity ) all mank9d1 & ) an absolute     

resignation to ! w ( ,god4  ,he kept up 
8 good-hum\r to !      la/2 & took leave
 ( 8 wife & fri5ds1 imm$iately be=e 8   
la/ agony1 ) ! same tranquillity ( m9d1 
& ! same      indiff]5ce = life1 z ?\gh 
he _h be5 ^u tak+ b a %ort      j\rney4 
,he 0 twice m>ri$--fir/ to a daught] (  
,mr4 ,p>sons1      "o ( ! auditors ( !  
rev5ue2 & aft]w>ds to a daught] (       
,mr4 ,dev5i%1 ( a good family 9         
,dorset%ire4  ,by ! fir/ he _h a        
son2 & by ! second a daught]1 m>ri$     
aft]w>ds to ,mr4 ,fane4      ,he di$ #f?
 ,decemb]1 #agah1 9 ! =ty-fif? ye> ( 8  
age1 &      0 buri$ on ! #ai? ( ! same  
mon? 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 9 !      aisle  
:]e _m ( our ,engli% poets are int]r$1  
ov] aga9/      ,*auc]1 8 body be+ att5d$
 by a select numb] ( 8 fri5ds1      & ! 
dean & *oir (ficiat+ at ! fun]al40      
,to ?is "*1 :i* is app>5tly giv5 ) !    
fondness ( a  fri5d1 may be add$ !      
te/imony ( ,pope1 :o says1 9 a lett] to 
,bl\nt1 8,mr4 ,r[e accompani$ me1 &     
pass$ a week 9 ! ,=e/4  ,i  ne$ n tell y

 h[ mu* a man ( 8 turn ent]ta9$ me2 b ,i
 mu/  acqua9t y1 !re is a vivacity &    
gaiety ( disposition1 almo/  peculi> to 
him1 :i* make x impossible to "p f him  
)\t t  uneas9ess :i* g5]ally succe$s all
 our pleasure40    ,pope has left beh9d 
him ano!r m5tion ( 8 companion less     
advantage\s1 :i* is ?us report$ by ,dr4 
,w>burton3--        8,r[e1 9 ,mr4       
,pope's op9ion1 ma9ta9$ a dec5t "*1 b _h
      no he>t4  ,mr4 ,addison 0 ju/ly   
(f5d$ ) "s behavi\r :i*      arose f t  
want1 & e/rang$ himself f him1 :i* ,r[e 
felt      v sev]ely4  ,mr4 ,pope1 _!    
common fri5d1 kn[+ ?is1 took an         
opportunity1 at "s juncture ( ,mr4      
,addison's advancem5t1 to tell      him 
h[ poor ,r[e 0 griev$ at 8 displeasure1 
& :at      satisfaction he express$ at  
,mr4 ,addison's good =tune1 :i* he      
express$ s naturally t he 7,mr4 ,pope7  
c\ld n b ?9k him      s9c]e4  ,mr4      
,addison repli$1 #8,i d n suspect t he  
feign$2 b      ! levity ( 8 he>t is su*1
 t he is /ruck ) any new      adv5ture1 

& x w\ld affect him j 9 ! same mann] if 
he      he>d ,i 0 go+ to be hang$4'     
,mr4 ,pope said he c\ld n d5y b         
,mr4 ,addison und]/ood ,r[e well40      
,?is c5sure "t has n left u ! p[] (     
confirm+ or refut+2  b obs]vation daily 
%[s t mu* /ress is n to be laid on      
hyp]bolical accusations & po9t$ s5t5ces1
 :i* ev5 he t utt]s  !m desires to be   
applaud$ r ?an cr$it$4  ,addison c h>dly
 be  suppos$ to h meant all t he said4  
,few *>act]s c be> !  microscopic       
scrut9y ( wit quick5$ by ang]2 &1       
p]haps1 ! be/  advice to au?ors w\ld be1
 t !y %\ld keep out ( ! way ( "o  ano!r4
    ,r[e is *iefly to be consid]$ z a   
tragic writ] & a translator4  ,9  8     
attempt at com$y he fail$ s ignom9i\sly 
t 8 ,bit] is n  ins]t$ 9 8 works3 & 8   
occasional poems & %ort compositions    
are r>ely wor?y ei!r praise or c5sure1 =
 !y seem ! casual  sports ( a m9d seek+ 
r to amuse its leisure ?an to ex]cise   
its  p[]s4  ,9 ! con/ruction ( 8 dramas 
!re is n mu* art2 he is  n a nice obs]v]

 ( ! unities4  ,he ext5ds "t & v>ies    
places z  8 conv5i5ce requires4  ,to v>y
 ! place is n1 9 my op9ion1 any         
violation ( nature1 if ! *ange be made  
betwe5 ! acts1 = x is no  less easy = ! 
spectator to suppose himself at ,a!ns 9 
! second  act1 ?an at ,!bes 9 ! fir/2 b 
to *ange ! sc5e1 z is done by  ,r[e1 9 !
 middle ( an act1 is to add m acts to ! 
play1 s9ce an  act is s mu* ( ! bus9ess 
z is transact$ )\t int]ruption4  ,r[e1  
by ?is lic5ce1 easily extricates himself
 f difficulties2 z 9  ,jane ,grey1 :5 we
 h be5 t]rifi$ ) all ! dreadful pomp (  
public execution2 & are wond]+ h[ !     
h]o9e or ! poet w  proce$1 no soon] has 
,jane pron\nc$ "s prophetic rhymes      
?an--pass  & be gone--! sc5e closes1 &  
,pembroke & ,g>d9] are turn$ out  ^u !  
/age4    ,i "k n t !re c be f\nd 9 8    
plays any deep se>* into  nature1 any   
accurate discrim9ations ( k9dr$         
qualities1 or nice  display ( passion 9 
its progress2 all is g5]al & undef9$4   
,nor  does he mu* int]e/ or affect !    

auditor1 except 9 ,jane ,%ore1 :o is    
always se5 & he>d ) pity4  ,alicia is a 
"* ( empty noise1  ) no resemblance to  
real sorr[ or to natural madness4       
,:5ce1 !n1 has ,r[e 8 reputation8  ,f ! 
reasonabl5ess &  propriety ( "s ( 8     
sc5es1 f ! elegance ( 8 diction1 &  !   
suavity ( 8 v]se4  ,he seldom moves ei!r
 pity or t]ror1 b he  (t5 elevates !    
s5tim5ts2 he seldom pi]ces ! brea/1 b he
  always delights ! e>1 & (t5 improves !
 und]/&+4  ,8  translation ( ! 8,gold5  
,v]ses10 & ( ! fir/ book ( ,quillet's   
poem1 h no?+ 9 !m rem>kable4  ,! 8,gold5
 ,v]ses0 are t$i\s4    ,! v]sion (      
,lucan is "o ( ! greate/ productions (  
,engli%  poetry1 = !re is p]haps none t 
s completely exhibits ! g5ius  & _s ( ! 
orig9al4  ,lucan is di/+ui%$ by a k9d ( 
dictatorial or philosophic dignity1 r1 z
 ,qu9tilian obs]ves1  declamatory ?an   
poetical2 full ( ambiti\s morality &    
po9t$  s5t5ces1 compris$ 9 vigor\s &    
animat$ l9es4  ,?is "* ,r[e  has v      
dilig5tly & successfully pres]v$4  ,8   

v]sification1 :i*  is su* z 8           
contempor>ies practis$1 )\t any attempt 
at  innovation or improvem5t1 seldom    
wants ei!r melody or =ce4  ,8  au?or's  
s5se is sometimes a little dilut$ by    
additional infusions1 &  sometimes      
weak5$ by too mu* expansion4  ,b su*    
faults are to be  expect$ 9 all         
translations1 f ! con/ra9t ( measures & 
dissimilitude ( languages4  ,!          
8,ph>salia0 ( ,r[e des]ves m notice  ?an
 x obta9s1 & z x is m read w be m       
e/eem$4          ,,gay4      ,,john     
,,gay1 desc5d$ f an old family t _h be5 
long 9 possession  ( ! manor (          
,goldwor?y1 9 ,devon%ire1 0 born 9      
#afhh1 at or ne>  ,b>n/aple1 :]e he 0   
educat$ by ,mr4 ,luck1 :o taught ! s*ool
 (  t t[n ) good reputation1 &1 a little
 be=e he retir$ f x1  publi%$ a volume (
 ,lat9 & ,engli% v]ses4  ,"u su* a ma/] 
he  0 likely to =m a ta/e = poetry4     
,be+ born )\t prospect (  h]$it>y ri*es1
 he 0 s5t to ,london 9 8 y\?1 & plac$   
appr5tice ) a silk m]c]4  ,h[ long he   

cont9u$ beh9d ! c\nt]1  or ) :at degree 
( s(tness & dext]ity he receiv$ &       
accommodat$ ! ladies1 z he probably took
 no delight 9 tell+ x1 is  n kn[n4  ,!  
report is t he 0 soon we>y ( ei!r !     
re/ra9t  or s]vility ( 8 occupation1 &  
easily p]suad$ 8 ma/] to  dis*>ge him4  
,! ,du*ess ( ,monm\?1 rem>kable =       
inflexible p]sev]ance 9 h]  dem& to be  
treat$ z a pr9cess1 9 #agab took ,gay   
into h] s]vice z  secret>y3 by quitt+ a 
%op = su* s]vice he might ga9 leisure1 b
  he c]ta9ly advanc$ little 9 ! boa/ (  
indep5d5ce4  ,( 8  leisure he made s    
good use t he publi%$ next ye> a poem on
 8,rural  ,sports10 & inscrib$ x to ,mr4
 ,pope1 :o 0 !n ris+ fa/ into           
reputation4  ,pope 0 pleas$ ) ! hon\r1 &
 :5 he became  acqua9t$ ) ,gay1 f\nd su*
 attractions 9 8 mann]s &  conv]sation t
 he seems to h receiv$ him into 8 inmo/ 
confid5ce2 & a fri5d%ip 0 =m$ betwe5 !m 
:i* la/$ to  _! sep>ation by dea?1 )\t  
any kn[n abatem5t on ei!r "p4  ,gay 0 ! 
g5]al fav\rite ( ! :ole association (   

wits2 b !y  reg>d$ him z a playfell[ r  
?an a p>tn]1 & treat$ him )  m fondness 
?an respect4    ,next ye> he publi%$ 8,!
 ,%eph]d's ,week10 six ,engli% pa/orals1
 9  :i* ! images are drawn f real life1 
su* z x appe>s among !  ru/ics 9 p>ts ( 
,engl& remote f ,london4  ,/eele1 9 "s  
pap]s  ( ! ,gu>dian1 _h prais$ ,ambrose 
,philips z ! pa/oral writ]  t yield$    
only to ,!ocritus1 ,virgil1 & ,sp5s]4   
,pope1 :o _h also  publi%$ pa/orals1 n  
pleas$ to be ov]look$1 drew up a        
comp>ison  ( 8 own compositions ) ^? (  
,philips1 9 :i* he cov]tly gave  himself
 ! pref]5ce1 :ile he seem$ to dis[n x4  
,n cont5t )  ?is1 he is suppos$ to h    
incit$ ,gay to write 8,! ,%eph]d's      
,week10  to %[ t1 if x be necess>y to   
copy nature ) m9ut5ess1 rural  life mu/ 
be exhibit$ su* z grossness & ignorance 
h made x4  ,s  f> ! plan 0 reasonable2 b
 ! pa/orals are introduc$ by a  ,proeme1
 writt5 ) su* imitation z !y c\ld atta9 
( obsolete  language1 &1 by consequ5ce1 
9 a /yle t 0 nev] spok5 nor  writt5 9   

any language or 9 any place4  ,b !      
effect ( reality &  tru? became         
conspicu\s1 ev5 :5 ! int5tion 0 to %[ !m
  grovell+ & degrad$4  ,^! pa/orals     
became popul>1 & 7 read  ) delight z j  
repres5tations ( rural mann]s &         
occupations by  ^? :o _h no int]e/ 9 !  
rivalry ( ! poets1 nor k (  ! critical  
dispute4    ,9 #agac he br\ght a com$y  
call$ ,! ,wife ( ,ba? ^u ! /age1 b  x   
receiv$ no applause2 he pr9t$ x1 h[ev]1 
& sev5te5 ye>s  aft]1 hav+ alt]$ x &1 z 
he ?\ght1 adapt$ x m to !  public ta/e1 
he (f]$ x aga9 to ! t[n2 b1 ?\gh he 0   
flu%$  ) ! success ( ! ,begg>'s ,op]a1  
_h ! mortification to see x  aga9       
reject$4    ,9 ! la/ ye> ( ,que5 ,anne's
 life ,gay 0 made secret>y to ! ,e>l  ( 
,cl>5don1 ,ambassador to ! ,c\rt (      
,hanov]4  ,?is 0 a /ation  t naturally  
gave him hopes ( k9dness f e p>ty2 b !  
,que5's dea? put an end to h] fav\rs1 & 
he _h d$icat$ 8  8,%eph]d's ,week0 to   
,bol+broke1 :i* ,swift consid]$ z !     
crime  t ob/ruct$ all k9dness f ! ,h\se 

( ,hanov]4  ,he did n1  h[ev]1 omit to  
improve ! "r :i* 8 (fice _h giv5 him to 
!  notice ( ! ,royal ,family4  ,on !    
arrival ( ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales he  wrote 
a poem1 & obta9$ s mu* fav\r t bo? !    
,pr9ce & !  ,pr9cess w5t to see 8 ,:at  
,d'ye ,call ,x1 a k9d ( mock trag$y1 9  
:i* ! images 7 comic & ! action grave2 s
 t1 z ,pope  relates1 ,mr4 ,cromwell1 :o
 c\ld n he> :at 0 said1 0 at a loss  h[ 
to reconcile ! laught] ( ! audi5ce ) !  
solemnity ( !  sc5e4    ,( ?is p]=mance 
! value c]ta9ly is b little2 b x 0 "o ( 
! lucky trifles t give pleasure by      
novelty1 & 0 s mu* fav\r$  by ! audi5ce 
t envy appe>$ aga9/ x 9 ! =m (          
criticism2  & ,griff91 a play]1 9       
conjunction ) ,mr4 ,!obald1 a man       
aft]w>ds  m rem>kable1 produc$ a        
pamphlet call$ 8,! ,key to ! ,:at ,d'ye 
,call ,x10 8:i*10 says ,gay1 8calls me a
 blockhead1 & ,mr4 ,pope a  knave40     
,b =tune has always be5 incon/ant4  ,n  
long aft]w>ds 7#agag7 he  endeav\r$ to  
ent]ta9 ! t[n ) ,?ree ,h\rs aft]        

,m>riage1 a  com$y writt51 z !re is     
suffici5t reason = believ+1 by ! jo9t   
assi/ance ( ,pope & ,arbu?not4  ,"o     
purpose ( x 0 to br+ into  contempt ,dr4
 ,woodw>d1 ! fossili/1 a man n really or
 ju/ly  contemptible4  ,x _h ! fate :i* 
su* outrages des]ve4  ,! sc5e 9  :i*    
,woodw>d 0 directly & app>5tly ridicul$1
 by ! introduction  ( a mummy & a       
crocodile1 disgu/$ ! audi5ce1 & !       
p]=mance  0 driv5 (f ! /age ) g5]al     
condemnation4    ,gay is repres5t$ z a  
man easily incit$ to hope1 & deeply     
depress$  :5 8 hopes 7 disappo9t$4  ,?is
 is n ! "* ( a h]o1  b x may naturally  
imply some?+ m g5]ally welcome1 a s(t & 
civil companion4  ,:oev] is apt to hope 
good f o!rs is dilig5t to  please !m2 b 
he t believes 8 p[]s /rong en\gh to =ce 
_!  own way1 commonly tries only to     
please himself4  ,he _h be5 simple      
en\gh to imag9e t ^? :o laugh$ at ! ,:at
 ,d'ye ,call ,x w\ld  raise ! =tune (   
its au?or1 &1 f9d+ no?+ done1 sunk into 
dejection4  ,8 fri5ds endeav\r$ to div]t

 him4  ,! ,e>l (  ,burl+ton s5t him     
7#agaf7 into ,devon%ire1 ! ye> aft] ,mr4
 ,pult5ey  took him to ,aix1 & 9 !      
foll[+ ye> ,"l ,h>c\rt invit$ him to  8 
seat1 :]e1 dur+ 8 visit1 two rural lov]s
 7 kill$ )  lightn+1 z is p>ticul>ly    
told 9 ,pope's 8,lett]s40    ,be+ n[    
g5]ally kn[n1 he publi%$ 7#agbj7 8 poems
 by subscription1  ) su* success t he   
rais$ a ?\s& p\nds1 & call$ 8  fri5ds to
 a consultation :at use might be be/    
made ( x4  ,lewis1 !  /ew>d ( ,"l ,ox=d1
 advis$ him to intru/ x to ! ,funds1 &  
live  ^u ! int]e/2 ,arbu?not bade him to
 intru/ x to ,provid5ce1 &  live ^u !   
pr9cipal2 ,pope direct$ him1 & 0 second$
 by ,swift1 to  pur*ase an annuity4     
,gay 9 t disa/r\s ye> _h a pres5t f "y  
,craggs ( "s ,s\?  ,sea ,/ock1 & once   
suppos$ himself to be ma/] ( tw5ty ?\s& 
p\nds4  ,8 fri5ds p]suad$ him to sell 8 
%>e2 b he dream$ (  dignity & spl5d\r1 &
 c\ld n be> to ob/ruct 8 own =tune4  ,he
 0 !n importun$ to sell z mu* z w\ld    
pur*ase a hundr$ a ye>  = life1 8:i*10  

says ,p5ton1 8w make y sure ( a clean   
%irt &  a %\ld] ( mutton e day40  ,?is  
c\nsel 0 reject$2 ! pr(it  & pr9cipal 7 
lo/1 & ,gay sunk "u ! calamity s l[ t 8 
life became 9 dang]4  ,by ! c>e ( 8     
fri5ds1 among :om ,pope  appe>s to h %[n
 p>ticul> t5d]ness1 8 heal? 0 re/or$2   
&1 return+ to 8 /udies1 he wrote a      
trag$y call$ ,! ,captives1  :i* he 0    
invit$ to read be=e ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales4
  ,:5 ! h\r  came1 he saw ! ,pr9cess &  
h] ladies all 9 expectation1 &1  advanc+
 ) rev]5ce too great = any o!r att5tion1
 /umbl$ at a  /ool1 &1 fall+ =w>ds1 ?rew
 d[n a weighty ,japan scre54  ,!        
,pr9cess />t$1 ! ladies scream$1 & poor 
,gay1 aft] all !  di/urbance1 0 /ill to 
read 8 play4    ,! fate ( ,! ,captives1 
:i* 0 act$ at ,drury ,lane 9 #agbc-d1 ,i
  "k n2 b he n[ ?\ght himself 9 fav\r1 &
 und]took 7#agbf7 to  write a volume (  
8,fables0 = ! improvem5t ( ! "y ,duke ( 
,cumb]l&4  ,= ?is he is said to h be5   
promis$ a rew>d1 :i* he  _h d\btless    
magnifi$ ) all ! wild expectations (    

indig5ce &  vanity4    ,next ye> !      
,pr9ce & ,pr9cess became ,k+ & ,que51 & 
,gay 0 to  be great & happy2 b on !     
settlem5t ( ! h\sehold1 he f\nd  himself
 appo9t$ g5tleman u%] to ! ,pr9cess     
,l\isa4  ,by ?is (f]  he ?\ght himself  
insult$1 & s5t a message to ! ,que5 t he
 0  too old = ! place4  ,!re seem to h  
be5 _m ma*9ations  employ$ aft]w>ds 9 8 
fav\r1 & dilig5t c\rt 0 paid to ,mrs4   
,h[>d1 aft]w>ds ,c\ntess ( ,suffolk1 :o 
0 mu* belov$ by ! ,k+  & ,que51 to      
engage h] int]e/ = 8 promotion2 b       
solicitation1  v]ses1 & flatt]ies 7 ?r[n
 away2 ! lady he>d !m1 & did  no?+4     
,all ! pa9 :i* he suff]$ f neglect1 or1 
z he p]haps  t]m$ x1 ! +ratitude ( !    
,c\rt1 may be suppos$ to h be5  driv5   
away by ! unexampl$ success ( ! ,begg>'s
 ,op]a4  ,?is  play1 writt5 9 ridicule (
 ! musical ,italian drama1 0 fir/ (f]$  
to ,cibb] & 8 bre?r5 at ,drury ,lane &  
reject$3 x be+ !n  c>ri$ to ,ri*1 _h !  
effect1 z 0 ludicr\sly said1 ( mak+ ,gay
  ri* & ,ri* gay4  ,( ?is lucky piece1 z

 ! read] _c b  wi% to "k ! orig9al &    
progress1 ,i h ins]t$ ! relation  :i*   
,sp5ce has giv5 9 ,pope's words3--      
8,dr4 ,swift _h be5 obs]v+ once to ,mr4 
,gay :at an odd pretty sort      ( a ?+ 
a ,newgate ,pa/oral might make4  ,gay 0 
incl9$ to try at      su* a ?+ = "s "t2 
b aft]w>ds ?\ght x w\ld be bett]      to
 write a com$y on ! same plan4  ,?is 0  
:at gave rise to !      ,begg>'s ,op]a4 
,he began on x1 & :5 fir/ he m5tion$ x  
to      ,swift1 ! doctor did n mu* l !  
project4  ,z he c>ri$ x      on1 he %[$ 
:at he wrote to bo? ( u1 & we n[ & !n   
gave a      correction1 or a ^w or two (
 advice2 b x 0 :olly ( 8 own      writ+4
  ,:5 x 0 done1 nei!r ( u ?\ght x w\ld  
succe$4      ,we %[$ x to ,congreve1 :o1
 aft] read+ x ov]1 said x w\ld      ei!r
 take greatly or be damn$ conf\nd$ly4   
,we 7 all1 at !      fir/ night ( x1 9  
great unc]ta9ty ( ! ev5t1 till we 7     
v mu* enc\rag$ by ov]he>+ ! ,duke (     
,argyll1 :o sat 9      ! next box to u1 
say1 #8,x w d--x mu/ d6  ,i see x 9 !   

eyes ( !m4'  ,?is 0 a good :ile be=e !  
fir/ act 0 ov]1      & s gave u ease    
soon2 = t ,duke 7besides 8 own good     
ta/e7      has a p>ticul> knack1 z any  
"o n[ liv+1 9 discov]+ !      ta/e ( !  
public4  ,he 0 q "r 9 ?is1 z usual2 !   
good-nature ( ! audi5ce appe>$ /rong] & 
/rong] e act1      & end$ 9 a clam\r (  
applause40    ,its reception is ?us     
record$ 9 ! notes to ! 8,dunciad03--    
8,?is piece 0 receiv$ ) great] applause 
?an 0 ev] kn[n4      ,besides be+ act$ 9
 ,london sixty-?ree days )\t            
int]ruption1      & r5ew$ ! next season 
) equal applause1 x spread into all     
! great t[ns ( ,engl&2 0 play$ 9 _m     
places to !      ?irtie? & =tie? "t2 at 
,ba? & ,bri/ol fifty1 etc4  ,x made     
its progress into ,wales1 ,scotl&1 &    
,irel&1 :]e x 0      p]=m$ tw5ty-f\r    
days successively4  ,! ladies c>ri$ ab\t
      ) !m ! fav\rite songs ( x 9 fans1 
& h\ses 7      furni%$ ) x 9 scre5s4  ,!
 fame ( x 0 n conf9$ to !      au?or    
only4  ,! p]son :o act$ ,polly1 till !n 

obscure1 became      all at once !      
fav\rite ( ! t[n2 h] pictures 7 engrav$ 
&      sold 9 great numb]s2 h] life     
writt51 books ( lett]s & v]ses      to  
h] publi%$1 & pamphlets made ev5 ( h]   
say+s & je/s4      ,fur!rmore1 x drove  
out ( ,engl& 7= t season7 ! ,italian    
,op]a1 :i* _h c>ri$ all be=e x = t5     
ye>s40    ,( ?is p]=mance1 :5 x 0 pr9t$1
 ! reception 0 diff]5t1  accord+ to !   
diff]5t op9ions ( its read]s4  ,swift   
comm5d$ x  = ! excell5ce ( its morality1
 z a piece t 8plac$ all k9ds (  vice 9 !
 /ronge/ & mo/ odi\s light20 b o!rs1 &  
among !m  ,dr4 ,h]r+1 aft]w>ds ,ar*bi%op
 ( ,cant]bury1 c5sur$ x z giv+          
enc\ragem5t1 n only to vice1 b to       
crimes1 by mak+ a highwayman  ! h]o &   
dismiss+ him at la/ unpuni%$4  ,x has   
be5 ev5 said  t aft] ! exhibition ( !   
,begg>'s ,op]a ! gangs ( robb]s  7      
evid5tly multipli$4    ,bo? ^! decisions
 are surely exagg]at$4  ,! play1 l _m   
o!rs1  0 pla9ly writt5 only to div]t1   
)\t any moral purpose1 & is  !re=e n    

likely to d good2 nor c x be conceiv$1  
)\t m  speculation ?an life requires or 
admits1 to be productive ( mu* evil4    
,highwaym5 & h\sebreak]s seldom frequ5t 
! playh\se1 or m+le 9  any elegant      
div]sion2 nor is x possible = any "o to 
imag9e t he  may rob ) safety1 because  
he sees ,ma*ea? repriev$ ^u ! /age4     
,?is objection1 h[ev]1 or "s o!r r      
political ?an moral1  obta9$ su*        
preval5ce t :5 ,gay produc$ a second "p 
"u !  "n ( ,polly1 x 0 prohibit$ by !   
,"l ,*amb]la92 & he 0  =c$ to recomp5se 
8 repulse by a subscription1 :i* is said
 to h  be5 s lib]ally be/[$ t :at he    
call$ oppression end$ 9  pr(it4  ,!     
publication 0 s mu* fav\r$ t ?\gh ! fir/
 "p  ga9$ him f\r hundr$ p\nds1 ne>     
?rice z mu* 0 ! pr(it ( !  second4  ,he 
receiv$ yet ano!r recomp5se = ?is       
suppos$ h>d%ip1  9 ! affectionate       
att5tion ( ! ,duke & ,du*ess (          
,que5sb]ry1  into ^: h\se he 0 tak51 & )
 :om he pass$ ! rema9+ "p  ( 8 life4  ,!
 ,duke1 consid]+ 8 want ( economy1      

und]took !  managem5t ( 8 money1 & gave 
x to him z he want$ x4  ,b x is  suppos$
 t ! disc\nt5ance ( ! ,c\rt sunk deep   
into 8 he>t1  & gave him m discont5t ?an
 ! applauses or t5d]ness ( 8  fri5ds    
c\ld ov]p[]4  ,he soon fell into 8 old  
di/emp]1 an  habitual colic1 & langui%$1
 ?\gh ) _m int]vals ( ease &            
*e]fulness1 till a viol5t fit at la/    
seiz$ him & c>ri$ him to  ! grave1 z    
,arbu?not report$1 ) m precipitance ?an 
he _h ev]  kn[n4  ,he di$ on ! #d? (    
,decemb]1 #agcb1 & 0 buri$ 9  ,we/m9/]  
,abbey4  ,! lett] :i* br\ght an acc\nt (
 8 dea? to  ,swift1 0 laid by = "s days 
unop5$1 because :5 he receiv$ x1  he 0  
impress$ ) ! preconception ( "s         
mis=tune4    ,aft] 8 dea? 0 publi%$ a   
second volume ( 8,fables10 m political  
?an ! =m]4  ,8 op]a ( ,a*illes 0 act$1 &
 ! pr(its 7  giv5 to two wid[ si/]s1 :o 
inh]it$ :at he left1 z 8 lawful  heirs2 
= he di$ )\t a w1 ?\gh he _h ga!r$ ?ree 
?\s&  p\nds4  ,!re h appe>$ likewise "u 
8 "n a com$y call$ !  ,di/ress$ ,wife1 &

 ! ,rehe>sal at ,go?am1 a piece ( hum\r4
    ,! "* giv5 him by ,pope is ?is1 t   
8he 0 a natural man1  )\t design1 :o    
spoke :at he ?\ght1 & j z he ?\ght x10  
& t 8he 0 ( a timid temp]1 & fe>ful (   
giv+ (f5ce to !  great20 :i* caution1   
h[ev]1 says ,pope1 0 ( no avail4    ,z a
 poet he _c be rat$ v high4  ,he 01 ,i  
once he>d a female  critic rem>k1 8( a  
l[] ord]40  ,he _h n 9 any great degree 
!  m5s div9ior1 ! dignity ( g5ius4      
,mu*1 h[ev]1 mu/ be all[$  to ! au?or ( 
a new species ( composition1 ?\gh x be n
 ( !  highe/ k9d4  ,we owe to ,gay !    
ballad op]a1 a mode ( com$y :i* at  fir/
 0 suppos$ to delight only by its       
novelty1 b has n[1 by !  exp]i5ce ( half
 a c5tury1 be5 f\nd s well accommodat$  
to !  disposition ( a popul> audi5ce t x
 is likely to keep long  possession ( ! 
/age4  ,:e!r ?is new drama 0 ! product (
  judgm5t or ( luck1 ! praise ( x mu/ be
 giv5 to ! inv5tor2 &  !re are _m writ]s
 read ) m rev]5ce to :om su* m]it or    
orig9ality _c be attribut$4    ,8 fir/  

p]=mance1 ! ,rural ,sports1 is su* z 0  
easily plann$  & execut$2 x is nev]     
contemptible1 nor ev] excell5t4  ,! ,fan
 is  "o ( ^? my?ological fictions :i*   
antiquity deliv]s ready to !  h&1 b :i*1
 l o!r ?+s t lie op5 to e "o's use1 are 
( little value4  ,! att5tion naturally  
retires f a new tale (  ,v5us1 ,diana1 &
 ,m9]va4    ,8 8,fables0 seem to h be5 a
 fav\rite "w2 =1 hav+ publi%$  "o       
volume1 he left ano!r beh9d him4  ,( ?is
 k9d ( ,fables !  au?or does n appe> to 
h =m$ any di/9ct or settl$ notion4      
,phdrus evid5tly conf\nds !m ) ,tales1 &
 ,gay bo? ) ,tales &  ,allegorical      
,prosopopoeias4  ,a ,fable or ,apologue1
 su* z is n[ "u  consid]ation1 seems to 
be1 9 its g5u9e /ate1 a n>rative 9 :i*  
be+s irrational1 & sometimes inanimate1 
arbores loquuntur1 non  tantum f]1 are1 
= ! purpose ( moral in/ruction1 feign$  
to act  & speak ) human int]e/s &       
passions4  ,to ?is description !        
compositions ( ,gay d n always con=m4   
,= a fable he gives n[ &  !n a tale1 or 

an ab/ract$ allegory2 & f "s1 by :atev] 
"n  !y may be call$1 x w be difficult to
 extract any moral pr9ciple4  ,!y are1  
h[ev]1 told ) livel9ess1 ! v]sification 
is smoo?1 &  ! diction1 ?\gh n[ & !n a  
little con/ra9$ by ! measure or  !      
rhyme1 is g5]ally happy4    ,to         
8,trivia0 may be all[$ all t x claims2 x
 is sprightly1 v>i\s1  & pleasant4  ,!  
subject is ( t k9d :i* ,gay 0 by nature 
qualifi$ to adorn1 yet "s ( 8           
decorations may be ju/ly wi%$  away4    
,an hone/ blacksmi? might h done =      
,patty :at is p]=m$  by ,vulcan4  ,!    
appe>ance ( ,cloac9a is nause\s &       
sup]flu\s2 a  %oe-boy c\ld h be5 produc$
 by ! casual cohabitation ( m]e         
mortals4  ,horace's rule is brok5 9 bo? 
cases2 !re is no dignus  v9dice nodus1  
no difficulty t requir$ any sup]natural 
int]position4  ,a patt5 may be made by !
 hamm] ( a mortal1 & a  ba/>d may be    
dropp$ by a human /rumpet4  ,on great   
occasions1 & on  small1 ! m9d is repell$
 by useless & app>5t falsehood4    ,( 8 

little poems ! public judgm5t seems to  
be "r2 !y are  nei!r mu* e/eem$ nor     
totally despis$4  ,! /ory ( 8,!         
,app>ition0 is borr[$ f "o ( ! tales (  
,poggio4  ,^? t  please lea/ are !      
pieces to :i* ,gulliv] gave occasion1 = 
:o c  mu* delight 9 ! e*o ( an unnatural
 fiction8    8,dione0 is a c\nt]p>t to  
8,amynta0 & 8,pa/or ,fido0 & o!r trifles
  ( ! same k9d1 easily imitat$1 &       
unwor?y ( imitation4  ,:at !  ,italians 
call com$ies f a happy conclusion1 ,gay 
calls a trag$y f  a m\rnful ev5t1 b !   
/yle ( ! ,italians & ( ,gay is equally  
tragical4  ,!re is some?+ 9 ! poetical  
,arcadia s remote f  kn[n reality &     
speculative possibility t we c nev]     
support its  repres5tation ?r\gh a long 
"w4  ,a pa/oral ( an hundr$ l9es may  be
 endur$1 b :o w he> ( %eep & goats1 &   
myrtle b[]s &  purl+ rivulets1 ?r\gh    
five acts8  ,su* sc5es please b>b>ians 9
  ! dawn ( lit]ature1 & *ildr5 9 ! dawn 
( life1 b w be =  ! mo/ "p ?r[n away z  
m5 gr[ wise & nations gr[ le>n$4        

,,tickell4      ,,?omas ,,tickell1 ! son
 ( ! ,rev4 ,ri*>d ,tickell1 0 born 9    
#afhf1 at  ,bridekirk1 9 ,cumb]l&1 & 9  
#agja became a memb] ( ,que5's ,college 
9 ,ox=d2 9 #agjh he 0 made ,ma/] (      
,arts1 & two ye>s aft]w>ds  0 *os5      
,fell[1 = :i*1 z he did n comply ) !    
/atutes by  tak+ ord]s1 he obta9$ a     
disp5sation f ! ,cr[n4  ,he held 8      
fell[%ip till #agbf1 & !n vacat$ x by   
m>ry+1 9 t ye>1 at  ,dubl94    ,tickell 
0 n "o ( ^? s*ol>s :o we> away _! lives 
9  closets2 he ent]$ e>ly into ! _w & 0 
long busy 9 public  affairs1 9 :i* he 0 
initiat$ "u ! patronage ( ,addison1 ^:  
notice he is said to h ga9$ by 8 v]ses 9
 praise ( ,rosamond4  ,to  ^? v]ses x   
w\ld n h be5 j to d5y reg>d1 = !y conta9
  "s ( ! mo/ elegant encomia/ic /ra9s2 &
 among ! innum]able  poems ( ! same k9d 
x w be h>d to f9d "o ) :i* !y ne$  to   
fe> a comp>ison4  ,x may des]ve         
obs]vation t :5 ,pope wrote  long       
aft]w>ds 9 praise ( ,addison1 he has    
copi$--at lea/1 has  resembl$--,tickell4

           8,let joy salute fair        
,rosamonda's %ade1      ,& wrea?s (     
myrtle cr[n ! lovely maid4      ,:ile n[
 p]haps ) ,dido's gho/ %e roves1      ,&
 he>s & tells ! /ory ( _! loves1        
,alike !y m\rn1 alike !y bless _! fate1 
,s9ce ,love1 :i* made !m wret*$1 made !m
 great4      ,nor long] t rel5tless doom
 bemoan1      ,:i* ga9$ a ,virgil & an  
,addison40--,,tickell4           8,!n   
future ages ) delight %all see      ,h[ 
,plato's1 ,bacon's1 ,newton's1 looks    
agree2      ,or 9 fair s]ies laurell$   
b>ds be %[n1      ,a ,virgil !re1 & "h  
an ,addison40--,,pope4    ,he produc$   
ano!r piece ( ! same k9d at ! appe>ance 
( ,cato1  ) equal skill1 b n equal      
happ9ess4    ,:5 ! ,m9i/]s ( ,que5 ,anne
 7 negotiat+ ) ,france1 ,tickell        
publi%$ 8,! ,prospect ( ,peace10 a poem 
( :i* ! t5d5cy 0 to  reclaim ! nation f 
! pride ( conque/ to ! pleasures (      
tranquillity4  ,h[ f> ,tickell1 :om     
,swift aft]w>ds m5tion$ z  ,:iggissimus1
 _h !n connect$ himself ) any p>ty1 ,i  

"k n2 ?is  poem c]ta9ly did n flatt] !  
practices1 or promote ! op9ions1 (  ! m5
 by :om he 0 aft]w>ds befri5d$4    ,mr4 
,addison1 h[ev] he hat$ ! m5 !n 9 p[]1  
suff]$ 8  fri5d%ip to prevail ov] 8     
public _s1 & gave 9 ! ,spectator  su*   
praises ( ,tickell's poem t :51 aft]    
hav+ long wi%$ to  p]use x1 ,i laid hold
 ( x at la/1 ,i ?\ght x unequal to !    
hon\rs  :i* x _h receiv$1 & f\nd x a    
piece to be approv$ r ?an  admir$4  ,b !
 hope excit$ by a "w ( g5ius1 be+ g5]al 
&  indef9ite1 is r>ely gratifi$4  ,x 0  
read at t ) s mu* fav\r  t six editions 
7 sold4    ,at ! arrival ( ,k+ ,george1 
he sang 8,! ,royal ,progress10 :i*1 be+ 
ins]t$ 9 ! ,spectator1 is well kn[n1 & (
 :i* x is j to  say t x is nei!r high   
nor l[4    ,! poetical incid5t ( mo/    
importance 9 ,tickell's life 0 8        
publication ( ! fir/ book ( ! 8,iliad10 
z translat$ by himself1  an app>5t      
opposition to ,pope's 8,hom]10 ( :i* !  
fir/ "p made  its entrance into ! _w at 
! same "t4  ,addison decl>$ t !  rival  

v]sions 7 bo? good1 b t ,tickell's 0 !  
be/ t ev]  0 made2 & ) ,addison1 ! wits1
 8 adh]5ts & foll[]s1 7  c]ta9 to       
concur4  ,pope does n appe> to h be5 mu*
 dismay$1  8=10 says he1 8,i h ! t[n--t 
is1 ! mob--on my side40  ,b he  rem>ks  
8t x is common = ! small] p>ty to make  
up 9 dilig5ce  :at !y want 9 numb]s4    
,he appeals to ! p z 8 prop]  judges1 & 
if !y are n incl9$ to condemn him1 he is
 9 little c>e  ab\t ! highfly]s at      
,button's40    ,pope did n long ?9k     
,addison an imp>tial judge1 = he        
consid]$ him  z ! writ] ( ,tickell's    
v]sion4  ,! reasons = 8 suspicion ,i w  
lit]ally transcribe f ,mr4 ,sp5ce's     
,collection3--        8,!re _h be5 a    
coldness10 said ,mr4 ,pope1 8betwe5 ,mr4
 ,addison &      me = "s "t1 & we _h n  
be5 9 company toge!r1 = a good          
:ile1 any:]e b at ,button's ,c(fee      
,h\se1 :]e ,i us$ to see him      almo/ 
e day4  ,on 8 meet+ me !re1 "o day 9    
p>ticul>1 he      took me aside & said  
he %\ld be glad to d9e ) me at su* a    

tav]n1 if ,i /ay$ till ^? p 7 gone      
7,budgell &      ,philips74  ,he w5t    
accord+ly1 & aft] d9n] ,mr4 ,addison    
said      #8t he _h want$ = "s "t to    
talk ) me3 t 8 fri5d      ,tickell _h   
=m]ly1 :il/ at ,ox=d1 translat$ ! fir/  
book (      ! ,iliad2 t he design$ to   
pr9t x1 & _h desir$ him to look      x  
ov]2 t he mu/ !re=e beg t ,i w\ld n     
desire him to      look ov] my fir/     
book1 because1 if he did1 x w\ld h ! air
 (      d\ble-deal+4'  ,i assur$ him t  
,i did n at all take x ill (      ,mr4  
,tickell t he 0 go+ to publi% 8         
translation2 t he      c]ta9ly _h z mu* 
"r to translate any au?or z myself2 &   
t publi%+ bo? 0 ent]+ on a fair /age4   
,i !n add$ t      ,i w\ld n desire him  
to look ov] my fir/ book ( ! ,iliad1    
because he _h look$ ov] ,mr4 ,tickell's1
 b c\ld wi% to h !      b5efit ( 8      
obs]vations on my second1 :i* ,i _h !n  
f9i%$1      & :i* ,mr4 ,tickell _h n    
t\*$ ^u4  ,accord+ly ,i s5t him      !  
second book ! next morn+1 & ,mr4        

,addison a few days aft]      return$ x1
 ) v high comm5dations4  ,soon aft] x 0 
g5]ally kn[n t ,mr4 ,tickell 0 publi%+ !
 fir/ book ( !      ,iliad1 ,i met ,dr4 
,"y 9 ! /reet1 & ^u our fall+ into t    
subject1 ! doctor express$ a great deal 
( surprise at ,tickell's      hav+ _h   
su* a translation s long by him4  ,he   
said t x 0      inconceivable to him1 & 
t !re mu/ be "s mi/ake 9 !      matt]2 t
 ea* us$ to communicate to ! o!r :atev] 
v]ses      !y wrote1 ev5 to ! lea/ ?+s2 
t ,tickell c\ld n h      be5 busi$ 9 s  
long a "w !re )\t 8 kn[+ some?+ (      !
 matt]2 & t he _h nev] he>d a s+le ^w ( 
x till on      ?is occasion4  ,?is      
surprise ( ,dr4 ,"y1 toge!r ) :at ,/eele
      has said aga9/ ,tickell 9 relation
 to ?is affair1 make x highly           
probable t !re 0 "s und]h& deal+ 9 t    
bus9ess2 &      inde$ ,tickell himself1 
:o is a v fair wor?y man1 has s9ce1 9   
a mann]1 z good z own$ x to me4  ,:5 x 0
 introduc$ into a      conv]sation      
betwe5 ,mr4 ,tickell & ,mr4 ,pope by a  

?ird p]son1      ,tickell did n d5y x1  
:i*1 consid]+ 8 hon\r & zeal =      8   
dep>t$ fri5d1 0 ! same z own+ x40    ,^u
 ^! suspicions1 ) :i* ,dr4 ,w>burton    
h9ts t o!r  circum/ances concurr$1 ,pope
 always 9 8 8,art ( ,s9k+0 quotes ?is   
book z ! "w ( ,addison4    ,to comp>e ! 
two translations w\ld be t$i\s2 ! palm  
is n[ giv5  univ]sally to ,pope1 b ,i   
?9k ! fir/ l9es ( ,tickell's 7 r  to be 
pref]r$2 & ,pope seems to h s9ce borr[$ 
some?+ f  !m 9 ! correction ( 8 own4    
,:5 ! ,hanov] succession 0 disput$1     
,tickell gave :at assi/ance  8 p5 w\ld  
supply4  ,8 8,lett] to ,avignon0 /&s    
high among p>ty  poems2 x expresses     
contempt )\t co>s5ess1 & sup]iority )\t 
insol5ce4  ,x _h ! success :i* x des]v$1
 be+ five times  pr9t$4    ,he 0 n[     
intimately unit$ to ,mr4 ,addison1 :o1  
:5 he w5t into  ,irel& z secret>y to !  
,"l ,sund]l&1 took him ?i!r1 &  employ$ 
him 9 public bus9ess2 & :5 7#agag7      
aft]w>ds he rose to be  ,secret>y (     
,/ate1 made him ,"u-,secret>y4  ,_!     

fri5d%ip seems to  h cont9u$ )\t        
abatem5t2 =1 :5 ,addison di$1 he left   
him !  *>ge ( publi%+ 8 works1 ) a      
solemn recomm5dation to !  patronage (  
,craggs4  ,to ^! works he prefix$ an    
elegy on ! au?or1  :i* c\ld owe none (  
its beauties to ! assi/ance :i* might be
  suspect$ to h /r5g!n$ or embelli%$ 8  
e>li] compositions2  b nei!r he nor     
,addison ev] produc$ nobl] l9es ?an are 
conta9$  9 ! ?ird & f\r? p>agraphs2 nor 
is a m elegant fun]al poem to  be f\nd 9
 ! :ole compass ( ,engli% lit]ature4    
,he 0 aft]w>ds  7ab\t #agbe7 made       
secret>y to ! ,lords ,ju/ices ( ,irel&1 
a place (  great hon\r2 9 :i* he cont9u$
 till #agdj1 :5 he di$ on ! #bcrd  (    
,april at ,ba?4    ,( ! poems yet       
unm5tion$1 ! longe/ is 8,k5s+ton        
,g>d5s10 (  :i* ! v]sification is smoo? 
& elegant1 b ! fiction  unskilfully     
comp\nd$ ( ,grecian deities & ,go?ic    
fairies4  ,nei!r  species ( ^? explod$  
be+s c\ld h done mu*2 & :5 !y are       
br\ght toge!r1 !y only make ea* o!r     

contemptible4  ,to ,tickell1  h[ev]1 _c 
be refus$ a high place among ! m9or     
poets2 nor %\ld  x be =gott5 t he 0 "o (
 ! contributors to ! ,spectator4  ,)    
respect to 8 p]sonal "*1 he is said to h
 be5 a man (  gay conv]sation1 at lea/ a
 temp]ate lov] ( w9e & company1 & 9  8  
dome/ic relations )\t c5sure4           
,,som]vile4      ,,( ,mr4 ,som]vile's   
life ,i am n able to say any?+ t c      
satisfy  curiosity4  ,he 0 a g5tleman ^:
 e/ate lay 9 ,w>wick%ire2 8  h\se1 :]e  
he 0 born 9 #afic1 is call$ ,ed/on1 a   
seat inh]it$ f  a long l9e ( ance/ors2 =
 he 0 said to be ( ! fir/ family 9  8   
c\nty4  ,he tells ( himself t he 0 born 
ne> ! ,avon's banks4  ,he 0 br$ at      
,w9*e/] s*ool1 & 0 elect$ fell[ ( ,new  
,college4  ,x does n appe> t 9 ! places 
( 8 education he exhibit$ any  uncommon 
pro(s ( g5ius or lit]ature4  ,8 p[]s 7  
fir/ display$  9 ! c\ntry1 :]e he 0     
di/+ui%$ z a poet1 a g5tleman1 & a      
skilful & useful ju/ice ( ! peace4    ,(
 ! close ( 8 life1 ^? :om 8 poems h     

delight$ w read  ) pa9 ! foll[+ acc\nt1 
copi$ f ! 8,lett]s0 ( 8 fri5d  ,%5/one1 
by :om he 0 too mu* resembl$3--         
8--,our old fri5d ,som]vile is dead6  ,i
 did n imag9e ,i c\ld h be5  s sorry z  
,i f9d myself on ?is occasion4          
,sublatum qurimus4  ,i c  n[ excuse all 
8 foibles2 impute !m to age1 & to       
di/ress (  circum/ances3 ! la/ ( ^!     
consid]ations wr+s my v s\l to  ?9k on4 
,= a man ( high _s consci\s ( hav+ 7at  
lea/ 9 "o  production7 g5]ally pleas$ ! 
_w1 to be plagu$ & ?reat5$ by  wret*es t
 are l[ 9 e s5se2 to be =c$ to dr9k     
himself into  pa9s ( ! body1 9 ord] to  
get rid ( ! pa9s ( ! m9d is a           
mis]y40--,he di$ ,july #ai1 #agdb1 & 0  
buri$ at ,wotton1 ne> ,h5ley on  ,ard54 
,8 di/resses ne$ n be mu* piti$3 8 e/ate
 is said to be fifte5  hundr$ a ye>1 :i*
 by 8 dea? has devolv$ to ,"l ,som]vile 
(  ,scotl&4  ,8 "m1 inde$1 :o liv$ till 
n9ety1 _h a jo9ture (  six hundr$4    ,x
 is ) regret t ,i f9d myself n bett]    
enabl$ to exhibit  memorials ( a writ]  

:o at lea/ mu/ be all[$ to h set a good 
example to m5 ( 8 own class1 by devot+  
"p ( 8 "t to elegant  k2 & :o has %[n1  
by ! subjects :i* 8 poetry has  adorn$1 
t x is practicable to be at once a      
skilful sportsman & a  man ( lett]s4    
,som]vile has tri$ _m modes ( poetry2 & 
?\gh p]haps he has n  9 any rea*$ su*   
excell5ce z to raise mu* envy1 x may    
commonly be  said at lea/1 t 8he writes 
v well = a g5tleman40  ,8 s]i\s  pieces 
are sometimes elevat$2 & 8 trifles are  
sometimes elegant4  ,9  8 v]ses to      
,addison1 ! c\plet :i* m5tions ,clio is 
writt5 )  ! mo/ exquisite delicacy (    
praise2 x exhibits "o ( ^? happy  /rokes
 t are seldom atta9$4  ,9 8 ,odes to    
,m>lbor\gh !re are  beautiful l9es2 b 9 
! second ,ode he %[s t he knew little ( 
8 h]o1 :5 he talks ( 8 private virtues4 
,8 subjects are  commonly su* z require 
no great dep? ( ?\ght or en]gy (        
expression4  ,8 ,fables are g5]ally     
/ale1 & !re=e excite no  curiosity4  ,( 
8 fav\rite1 8,! ,two ,spr+s10 ! fiction 

is  unnatural1 & ! moral inconsequ5tial4
  ,9 8 ,tales !re is too mu*  co>s5ess1 
) too little c>e ( language1 & n        
suffici5t rapidity  ( n>ration4  ,8     
great "w is 8 ,*ase1 :i* he und]took 9 8
  matur] age1 :5 8 e> 0 improv$ to !    
approbation ( blank v]se1  ( :i*1 h[ev]1
 8 two fir/ l9es give a bad specim54    
,to ?is poem  praise _c be totally d5i$4
  ,he is all[$ by sportsm5 to write  )  
great intellig5ce ( 8 subject1 :i* is ! 
fir/ requisite to  excell5ce2 & ?\gh x  
is impossible to int]e/ ! common read]s 
(  v]se 9 ! dang]s or pleasures ( !     
*ase1 he has done all t  transition &   
v>iety c\ld easily effect2 & has ) great
 propriety  enl>g$ 8 plan by ! modes (  
hunt+ us$ 9 o!r c\ntries4    ,) /ill    
less judgm5t did he *oose blank v]se z !
 vehicle (  8,rural ,sports40  ,if blank
 v]se be n tumid & gorge\s1 x is crippl$
  prose2 & famili> images 9 lab\r$      
language h no?+ to recomm5d  !m b absurd
 novelty1 :i*1 want+ ! attractions (    
nature1 _c  please long4  ,"o excell5ce 

( ! 8,spl5did ,%ill+0 is1 t x is  %ort4 
,disguise c gratify no long] ?an x      
deceives4          ,,?omson4            
,,james ,,?omson1 ! son ( a m9i/] well  
e/eem$ = 8 piety &  dilig5ce1 0 born    
,septemb] #g1 #agjj1 at ,ednam1 9 ! %ire
 (  ,roxburgh1 ( :i* 8 fa!r 0 pa/or4  ,8
 "m1 ^: "n 0  ,hume1 inh]it$ z          
co-heiress a portion ( a small e/ate4   
,! rev5ue  ( a p>i% 9 ,scotl& is seldom 
l>ge2 & x 0 probably 9  commis]ation ( !
 difficulty ) :i* ,mr4 ,?omson support$ 
8  family1 hav+ n9e *ildr51 t ,mr4      
,ricc>ton1 a neighb\r+  m9i/]1 discov]+ 
9 ,james uncommon promises ( future     
excell5ce1  und]took to sup]9t5d 8      
education1 & provide him books4  ,he 0  
taught ! common rudim5ts ( le>n+ at !   
s*ool ( ,j$burgh1 a  place :i* he       
delights to recollect 9 8 poem (        
8,autumn20 b 0 n  consid]$ by 8 ma/] z  
sup]ior to common boys1 ?\gh 9 ^?  e>ly 
days he amus$ 8 patron & 8 fri5ds )     
poetical  compositions2 ) :i*1 h[ev]1 he
 s little pleas$ himself t on  e ,new   

,ye>'s ,day he ?rew into ! fire all !   
productions ( !  =ego+ ye>4    ,f !     
s*ool he 0 remov$ to ,ed9burgh1 :]e he  
_h n resid$ two  ye>s :5 8 fa!r di$1 &  
left all 8 *ildr5 to ! c>e (  _! "m1 :o 
rais$ ^u h] little e/ate :at money a    
mortgage  c\ld af=d2 &1 remov+ ) h]     
family to ,ed9burgh1 liv$ to see  h] son
 ris+ into em95ce4    ,! design (       
,?omson's fri5ds 0 to bre$ him a m9i/]4 
,he liv$ at  ,ed9burgh1 at a s*ool1 )\t 
di/9ction or expectation1 till at !     
usual "t he p]=m$ a probation>y ex]cise 
by expla9+ a psalm4  ,8 diction 0 s     
poetically spl5did1 t ,mr4 ,hamilton1 ! 
pr(essor  ( div9ity1 reprov$ him =      
speak+ language un9telligible to a      
popul> audi5ce2 & he c5sur$ "o ( 8      
expressions z indec5t1 if  n pr(ane4    
,?is rebuke is report$ to h repress$ 8  
?\ghts (  an ecclesia/ical "*1 & he     
probably cultivat$ ) new  dilig5ce 8    
blossoms ( poetry1 :i*1 h[ev]1 7 9 "s   
dang] (  a bla/2 =1 submitt+ 8          
productions to "s :o ?\ght !mselves     

qualifi$ to criticise1 he he>d ( no?+ b 
faults2 b1 f9d+  o!r judges m fav\rable1
 he did n suff] himself to s9k into     
despond5ce4  ,he easily discov]$ t !    
only /age on :i* a poet  c\ld appe> )   
any hope ( advantage 0 ,london2 a place 
too wide =  ! op]ation ( petty          
competition & private malignity1 :]e    
m]it  might soon become conspicu\s1 &   
w\ld f9d fri5ds z soon z x  became      
reputable to befri5d x4  ,a lady :o 0   
acqua9t$ ) 8  "m advis$ him to ! j\rney1
 & promis$ "s c\nt5ance or  assi/ance1  
:i* at la/ he nev] receiv$2 h[ev]1 he   
ju/ifi$ 8  adv5ture by h] enc\ragem5t1 &
 came to seek 9 ,london patronage &     
fame4  ,at 8 arrival he f\nd 8 way to   
,mr4 ,mallet1 !n tutor to !  sons ( !   
,duke ( ,montrose4  ,he _h              
recomm5dations to sev]al p]sons  (      
consequ5ce1 :i* he _h ti$ up c>efully 9 
8 h&k]*ief2 b  z he pass$ along ! /reet1
 ) ! gap+ curiosity ( a newcom]1  8     
att5tion 0 ^u ev]y?+ r ?an 8 pocket1 & 8
  magaz9e ( cr$5tials 0 /ol5 f him4     

,8 fir/ want 0 a pair ( %oes4  ,= !     
supply ( all 8  necessities1 8 :ole fund
 0 8 8,w9t]10 :i* = a "t c\ld f9d  no   
pur*as]2 till at la/ ,mr4 ,millan 0     
p]suad$ to buy x at a l[  price2 & ?is  
l[ price he _h = "s "t reason to regret2
 b1 by  accid5t1 ,mr4 ,:ately1 a man n  
:olly unkn[n among au?ors1 happ5+  to   
turn 8 eye ^u x1 0 s delight$ t he ran f
 place to place  celebrat+ its          
excell5ce4  ,?omson obta9$ likewise !   
notice (  ,a>on ,hill1 :om1 be+         
fri5dless & indig5t1 & glad ( k9dness1  
he  c\rt$ ) e expression ( s]vile       
adulation4    8,w9t]0 0 d$icat$ to ,sir 
,sp5c] ,compton1 b attract$ no reg>d  f 
him to ! au?or2 till ,a>on ,hill awak5$ 
8 att5tion by "s  v]ses address$ to     
,?omson1 & publi%$ 9 "o ( ! newspap]s1  
:i* c5sur$ ! great = _! neglect ( +5i\s 
m54  ,?omson  !n receiv$ a pres5t (     
tw5ty gu9eas1 ( :i* he gives ?is acc\nt 
to ,mr4 ,hill3--        8,i h9t$ to y 9 
my la/ t on ,saturday morn+ ,i 0 ) ,sir 
,sp5c] ,compton4  ,a c]ta9 g5tleman1 )\t

 my desire1 spoke to      him conc]n+   
me3 8 answ] 0 t ,i _h nev] come ne> him4
      ,!n ! g5tleman put ! "q1 if he    
desir$ t ,i %\ld wait      on him8  ,he 
return$1 he did4  ,on ?is ! g5tleman    
gave me an      introductory lett] to   
him4  ,he receiv$ me 9 :at !y commonly  
call a civil mann]2 ask$ me "s          
common-place que/ions1 & made      me a 
pres5t ( tw5ty gu9eas4  ,i am v ready to
 own t !      pres5t 0 l>g] ?an my      
p]=mance des]v$2 & %all ascribe x       
to 8 g5]osity1 or any o!r cause1 r ?an !
 m]it ( !      address40    ,! poem1    
:i*1 be+ ( a new k9d1 few w\ld v5ture at
 fir/ to l1  by degrees ga9$ ^u !       
public2 & "o edition 0 v spe$ily        
succe$$ by ano!r4    ,?omson's cr$it 0  
n[ high1 & e day br\ght him new fri5ds2 
among o!rs ,dr4 ,rundle1 a man aft]w>ds 
un=tunately fam\s1 s\ght  8 acqua9tance1
 & f\nd 8 qualities su* t he recomm5d$  
him to  ! ,"l ,*ancellor ,talbot4       
8,w9t]0 0 accompani$1 9 _m editions1 n  
only ) a preface &  d$ication1 b )      

poetical praises by ,mr4 ,hill1 ,mr4    
,mallet 7!n  ,mallo*71 & ,mira1 !       
fictiti\s "n ( a lady once too well     
kn[n4  ,:y ! d$ications are1 to 8,w9t]0 
& ! o!r ,seasons1 contr>ily to  cu/om1  
left out 9 ! collect$ works1 ! read] may
 inquire4    ,! next ye> 7#agbg7 he     
di/+ui%$ himself by ?ree publications3 (
  8,summ]10 9 pursuance ( 8 plan2 ( 8,a 
,poem on ! ,dea? ( ,sir ,isaac          
,newton10 :i* he 0 enabl$ to p]=m z an  
exact philosoph] by !  in/ruction ( ,mr4
 ,gray2 & ( 8,britannia10 a k9d (       
poetical invective  aga9/ ! ,m9i/ry1 :om
 ! nation !n ?\ght n =w>d en\gh 9       
res5t+ ! depr$ations ( ! ,spani>ds4  ,by
 ?is piece he decl>$  himself an adh]5t 
to ! ,opposition1 & _h !re=e no fav\r to
  expect f ! ,c\rt4    ,?omson1 hav+ be5
 "s "t ent]ta9$ 9 ! family ( ,"l ,b9n+1 
0 desir\s ( te/ify+ 8 gratitude by mak+ 
him ! patron ( 8  8,summ]20 b ! same    
k9dness :i* _h fir/ dispos$ ,"l ,b9n+ to
  enc\rage him1 det]m9$ him to refuse ! 
d$ication1 :i* 0 by 8  advice address$  

to ,mr4 ,dod+ton1 a man :o _h m p[] to  
advance  ! reputation & =tune ( a poet4 
8,spr+0 0 publi%$ next ye>1 ) a         
d$ication to ! ,c\ntess (  ,h]t=d1 ^:   
practice x 0 to invite e summ] "s poet  
into !  c\ntry1 to he> h] v]ses & assi/ 
h] /udies4  ,?is hon\r 0 "o  summ]      
conf]r$ on ,?omson1 :o took m delight 9 
c>\s+ ) ,"l  ,h]t=d & 8 fri5ds ?an      
assi/+ h] lady%ip's poetical  op]ations1
 & !re=e nev] receiv$ ano!r summons4    
8,autumn10 ! season to :i* ! 8,spr+0 &  
8,summ]0 are prep>atory1  /ill rema9$   
unsung1 & 0 delay$ till he publi%$      
7#agcj7 8 works  collect$4    ,he       
produc$ 9 #agbg ! trag$y ( ,sophonisba1 
:i* rais$ su*  expectation t e rehe>sal 
0 dignifi$ ) a spl5did audi5ce1         
collect$ to anticipate ! delight t 0    
prep>+ = ! public4  ,x 0 obs]v$1 h[ev]1 
t nobody 0 mu* affect$1 & t !  company  
rose z f a moral lecture4  ,x _h ^u !   
/age no unusual  degree ( success4      
,slight accid5ts w op]ate ^u ! ta/e (   
pleasure4  ,!re is a feeble l9e 9 !     

play3--                            8,o  
,sophonisba1 ,sophonisba1 ,o60    ,?is  
gave occasion to a waggi% p>ody--       
8,o1 ,jemmy ,?omson1 ,jemmy ,?omson1    
,o60    :i* = a :ile 0 e*o$ ?r\gh ! t[n4
    ,i h be5 told by ,savage1 t ( !     
prologue to ,sophonisba1 !  fir/ "p 0   
writt5 by ,pope1 :o c\ld n be p]suad$ to
 f9i% x2  & t ! conclud+ l9es 7 add$ by 
,mallet4    ,?omson 0 n long aft]w>ds1  
by ! influ5ce ( ,dr4 ,rundle1 s5t to    
travel ) ,mr4 ,*>les ,talbot1 ! elde/   
son ( ! ,*ancellor4  ,he 0  yet "y en\gh
 to receive new impressions1 to h 8     
op9ions  rectifi$ & 8 views enl>g$2 nor 
c he be suppos$ to h want$  t curiosity 
:i* is insep>able f an active &         
compreh5sive  m9d4  ,he may !re=e n[ be 
suppos$ to h revell$ 9 all ! joys  (    
intellectual luxury2 he 0 e day fea/$ ) 
in/ructive  novelties2 he liv$ spl5didly
 )\t exp5se3 & might expect :5 he       
return$ home a c]ta9 e/abli%m5t4    ,at 
?is "t a long c\rse ( opposition to ,sir
 ,rob]t ,walpole _h fill$  ! nation )   

clam\rs = lib]ty1 ( :i* no man felt !   
want1 &  ) c>e = lib]ty :i* 0 n 9 dang]4
  ,?omson1 9 8 travels  on ! ,cont95t1  
f\nd or fanci$ s _m evils aris+ f !     
tyranny  ( o!r gov]nm5ts1 t he resolv$  
to write a v long poem1 9 five  p>ts1 ^u
 ,lib]ty4  ,:ile he 0 busy on ! fir/    
book1 ,mr4 ,talbot  di$2 & ,?omson1 :o  
_h be5 rew>d$ = 8 att5dance by ! place  
( secret>y ( ! briefs1 pays 9 ! initial 
l9es a dec5t tribute to  8 memory4  ,^u 
?is great poem two ye>s 7 sp5t1 & !     
au?or  congratulat$ himself ^u x z 8    
noble/ "w2 b an au?or & 8  read] are n  
always ( a m9d4  ,lib]ty call$ 9 va9 ^u 
h]  vot>ies to read h] praises1 & rew>d 
h] encomia/3 h] praises 7  condemn$ to  
h>b\r spid]s1 & to ga!r du/3 none (     
,?omson's  p]=mances 7 s little reg>d$4 
,! judgm5t ( ! public 0 n  errone\s2 !  
recurr5ce ( ! same images mu/ tire 9 "t2
 an  enum]ation ( examples to prove a   
position :i* nobody d5i$1 z x  0 f !    
beg9n+ sup]flu\s1 mu/ quickly gr[       
disgu/+4    ,! poem ( 8,lib]ty0 does n  

n[ appe> 9 its orig9al /ate2 b1  :5 !   
au?or's works 7 collect$ aft] 8 dea?1 0 
%ort5$ by  ,sir ,george ,lyttelton1 ) a 
lib]ty :i*1 z x has a manife/ t5d5cy  to
 less5 ! confid5ce ( society1 & to      
conf\nd ! *>act]s (  au?ors1 by mak+ "o 
man write by ! judgm5t ( ano!r1 _c be   
ju/ifi$ by any suppos$ propriety ( !    
alt]ation1 or k9dness ( !  fri5d4  ,i   
wi% to see x exhibit$ z its au?or left  
x4    ,?omson n[ liv$ 9 ease & pl5ty1 & 
seems = a :ile to h  susp5d$ 8 poetry3 b
 he 0 soon call$ back to lab\r by ! dea?
  ( ! ,*ancellor1 = 8 place !n became   
vacant2 & ?\gh ! ,"l  ,h>dwicke delay$ =
 "s "t to give x away1 ,?omson's        
ba%fulness or  pride1 or "s o!r motive  
p]haps n m laudable1 )held him f        
solicit+2 & ! new ,*ancellor w\ld n give
 him :at he w\ld n  ask4  ,he n[ relaps$
 to 8 =m] indig5ce2 b ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales 
0 at t "t /ruggl+ = popul>ity1 & by !   
influ5ce ( ,mr4  ,lyttelton pr(ess$     
himself ! patron ( wit2 to him ,?omson 0
  introduc$1 & be+ gaily int]rogat$ ab\t

 ! /ate ( 8 affairs  said 8t !y 7 9 a m 
poetical po/ure ?an =m]ly10 & _h a      
p5sion all[$ him ( "o hundr$ p\nds a    
ye>4    ,be+ n[ oblig$ to write1 he     
produc$ 7#agch7 ! trag$y (  ,agamemnon1 
:i* 0 mu* %ort5$ 9 ! repres5tation4  ,x 
_h !  fate :i* mo/ commonly att5ds      
my?ological /ories1 & 0 only  endur$1 b 
n fav\r$4  ,x /ruggl$ ) su* difficulty  
?r\gh !  fir/ night t ,?omson1 com+ late
 to 8 fri5ds ) :om he 0 to  sup1 excus$ 
8 delay by tell+ !m h[ ! sweat ( 8      
di/ress _h  s disord]$ 8 wig t he c\ld n
 come till he _h be5 refitt$ by  a b>b]4
  ,he s int]e/$ himself 9 8 own drama t1
 if ,i rememb]  "r1 z he sat 9 ! upp]   
gall]y1 he accompani$ ! play]s by       
audible recitation1 till a fri5dly h9t  
fright$ him to sil5ce4  ,pope  c\nt5anc$
 ,agamemnon by com+ to x1 ! fir/ night1 
& 0 welcom$  to ! !atre by a g5]al clap2
 he _h mu* reg>d = ,?omson1 &  once     
express$ x 9 a poetical epi/le s5t to   
,italy1 ( :i*1 h[ev]1  he abat$ ! value 
by transplant+ "s ( ! l9es into 8       

,epi/le  to ,arbu?not4    ,ab\t ?is "t  
7#agcg7 ! ,act 0 pass$ = lic5s+ plays1 (
 :i*  ! fir/ op]ation 0 ! prohibition ( 
,gu/avus ,vasa1 a trag$y (  ,mr4        
,brooke1 :om ! public recomp5s$ by a v  
lib]al subscription2  ! next 0 ! refusal
 ( ,edw>d & ,eleonora1 (f]$ by ,?omson4 
,x is h>d to discov] :y ei!r play %\ld h
 be5 ob/ruct$4  ,?omson likewise        
endeav\r$ to repair 8 loss by a         
subscription1 (  :i* ,i _c n[ tell !    
success4  ,:5 ! public murmur$ at !     
unk9d treatm5t ( ,?omson1 "o ( !        
,m9i/]ial writ]s rem>k$ t  8he _h tak5 a
 ,lib]ty :i* 0 n agreeable to ,britannia
 9 any  ,season40  ,he 0 soon aft]      
employ$1 9 conjunction ) ,mr4 ,mallet1  
to write ! masque ( ,alfr$1 :i* 0 act$  
be=e ! ,pr9ce at  ,cliefd5 ,h\se4    ,8 
next "w 7#agde7 01 ,tancr$ &            
,sigismunda1 ! mo/ successful  ( all 8  
trag$ies1 = x /ill keeps its turn ^u !  
/age4  ,x may  be d\bt$ :e!r he 01 ei!r 
by ! b5t ( nature or habits (  /udy1 mu*
 qualifi$ = trag$y4  ,x does n appe> t  

he _h mu*  s5se ( ! pa!tic2 & 8         
diffusive & descriptive /yle produc$    
declamation r ?an dialogue4  ,8 fri5d   
,mr4 ,lyttelton 0 n[ 9  p[]1 & conf]r$  
^u him ! (fice ( ,surveyor-,g5]al ( !   
,leew>d ,isl&s2 f :i*1 :5 8 deputy 0    
paid1 he receiv$ ab\t  ?ree hundr$ p\nds
 a ye>4    ,! la/ piece t he liv$ to    
publi% 0 ! 8,ca/le ( ,indol5ce10  :i* 0 
_m ye>s "u 8 h&1 b 0 at la/ f9i%$ )     
great  accuracy4  ,! fir/ canto op5s a  
sc5e ( lazy luxury t fills !            
imag9ation4  ,he 0 n[ at ease1 b 0 n    
long to enjoy x1 =1 by  tak+ cold on !  
wat] betwe5 ,london & ,kew1 he caught a 
disord]1  :i*1 ) "s c>eless exasp]ation1
 end$ 9 a fev] t put an end  to 8 life1 
,augu/ #bg1 #agdh4  ,he 0 buri$ 9 ! *ur*
 ( ,ri*mond1  )\t an inscription2 b a   
monum5t has be5 erect$ to 8 memory 9    
,we/m9/] ,abbey4    ,?omson 0 ( /ature  
above ! middle size1 & 8m fat ?an b>d   
beseems10 ( a dull c\nt5ance & a gross1 
unanimat$1 un9vit+  appe>ance2 sil5t 9  
m+l$ company1 b *e]ful among select     

fri5ds1  & by 8 fri5ds v t5d]ly & w>mly 
belov$4  ,he left beh9d him  ! trag$y ( 
,coriolanus1 :i* 01 by ! zeal ( 8       
patron1 ,sir  ,george ,lyttelton1 br\ght
 ^u ! /age = ! b5efit ( 8 family1  &    
recomm5d$ by a prologue1 :i* ,qu91 :o _h
 long liv$ )  ,?omson 9 fond intimacy1  
spoke 9 su* a mann] z %[$ him 8to be10  
on t occasion1 8no actor40  ,!          
comm5cem5t ( ?is b5evol5ce is  v        
hon\rable to ,qu91 :o is report$ to h   
deliv]$ ,?omson1 !n  kn[n to him only = 
8 g5ius1 f an arre/ by a v consid]able  
pres5t2 & its cont9uance is hon\rable to
 bo?1 = fri5d%ip is n  always ! sequel (
 obligation4  ,by ?is trag$y a          
consid]able sum 0  rais$1 ( :i* "p      
dis*>g$ 8 debts1 & ! re/ 0 remitt$ to  8
 si/]s1 :om1 h[ev] remov$ f !m by place 
or condition1 he  reg>d$ ) great        
t5d]ness1 z w appe> by ! foll[+ lett]1  
:i* ,i communicate ) mu* pleasure1 z x  
gives me at once an  opportunity (      
record+ ! frat]nal k9dness ( ,?omson1 & 
reflect+ on ! fri5dly assi/ance ( ,mr4  

,boswell1 f :om ,i  receiv$ x3--        
8,hagley 9 ,worce/]%ire1 ,octob] ! #d?1 
#agdg4        8,,my ,,de> ,,si/]1--,i   
?\ght y _h kn[n me bett] ?an to int]pret
      my sil5ce into a decay (          
affection1 especially z y\r behavi\r    
has always be5 su* z r to increase ?an  
dim9i% x4  ,don't      imag9e1 because  
,i am a bad correspond5t1 t ,i c ev]    
prove an      unk9d fri5d & bro!r4  ,i  
mu/ d myself ! ju/ice to tell y      t  
my affections are naturally v fix$ &    
con/ant2 & if ,i      _h ev] reason (   
compla9t aga9/ y 7( :i*1 by-!-bye1 ,i   
h n ! lea/ %ad[71 ,i am consci\s ( s _m 
defects 9      myself z dispose me to be
 n a little *>itable & =giv+4        8,x
 gives me ! true/ he>t-felt satisfaction
 to he> y h a      good k9d husb&1 & are
 9 easy cont5t$ circum/ances2 b 7       
!y o!rwise1 t w\ld only awak5 & height5 
my t5d]ness      t[>ds y4  ,z our good &
 t5d]-he>t$ p>5ts did n live to         
receive any mat]ial te/imonies ( t      
highe/ human gratitude ,i      ow$ !m   

7?an :i* no?+ c\ld h giv5 me equal      
pleasure71      ! only return ,i c make 
!m n[ is by k9dness to ^? !y left       
beh9d !m4  ,w\ld to ,god poor ,lizy _h  
liv$ long]1 to h be5 a      f>!r witness
 ( ! tru? ( :at ,i say & t ,i might h _h
      ! pleasure ( see+ once m a si/] :o
 s truly des]v$ my      e/eem & love6   
,b %e is happy1 :ile we mu/ toil a      
little      long] "h bel[3 let u1 h[ev]1
 d x *e]fully & gratefully1             
support$ by ! pleas+ hope ( meet+ y aga9
 on a saf] %ore1      :]e to recollect !
 /orms & difficulties ( life w n        
p]haps be inconsi/5t ) t blissful /ate4 
,y did "r to      call y\r daught] by h]
 "n3 = y mu/ ne$s h _h a      p>ticul>  
t5d] fri5d%ip = "o ano!r1 ende>$ z y 7  
by      nature1 by hav+ pass$ !         
affectionate ye>s ( y\r y\?      toge!r3
 & by t great s(t5] & engag] ( he>ts1   
mutual      h>d%ip4  ,t x 0 9 my p[] to 
ease x a little1 ,i acc\nt "o      ( !  
mo/ exquisite pleasures ( my life4  ,b  
en\gh ( ?is      melan*oly1 ?\gh n      

unpleas+1 /ra94        8,i e/eem y = y\r
 s5sible & dis9t]e/$ advice to ,mr4     
,bell1      z y w see by my lett] to    
him4  ,z ,i approve entirely ( 8        
m>ry+ aga91 y may readily ask me :y ,i  
don't m>ry at all4  ,my                 
circum/ances h hi!rto be5 s v>iable &   
unc]ta9 9 ?is      fluctuat+ _w1 z      
induce to keep me f engag+ 9 su* a      
/ate3 & n[1 ?\gh !y are m settl$1 & (   
late 7:i* y      w be glad to he>7      
consid]ably improv$1 ,i beg9 to ?9k     
myself      too f> advanc$ 9 life = su* 
y\?ful und]tak+s1 n to      m5tion "s   
o!r petty reasons t are apt to />tle !  
delicacy      ( difficult old ba*elors4 
,i am1 h[ev]1 n a little suspici\s      
t1 0 ,i to pay a visit to ,scotl& 7:i*  
,i h "s ?\ght (      do+ soon71 ,i might
 possibly be tempt$ to ?9k ( a ?+ n     
easily repair$ if done amiss4  ,i h     
always be5 ( op9ion t      none make    
bett] wives ?an ! ladies ( ,scotl&2 &   
yet :o m      =sak5 ?an !y1 :ile !      
g5tlem5 are cont9ually runn+      abroad

 all ! _w ov]8  ,"s ( !m1 x is true1 are
 wise en\gh      to return = a wife4  ,y
 see1 ,i am beg9n+ to make int]e/       
already ) ! ,scots ladies4  ,b no m (   
?is infecti\s      subject4  ,pray let  
me he> f y n[ & !n2 & ?\gh ,i am n      
a regul> correspond5t1 yet p]haps ,i may
 m5d 9 t respect4      ,rememb] me k9dly
 to y\r husb&1 & believe me to be       
8,y\r mo/ affectionate ,bro!r1          
8,,james ,,?omson40        7,address$7  
8,to ,mrs4 ,?omson 9 ,lan>k40    ,!     
b5evol5ce ( ,?omson 0 f]vid1 b n active2
 he w\ld give on  all occasions :at     
assi/ance 8 purse w\ld supply1 b !      
(fices (  int]v5tion or solicitation he 
c\ld n conqu] 8 sluggi%ness  suffici5tly
 to p]=m4  ,! affairs ( o!rs1 h[ev]1 7 n
 m  neglect$ ?an 8 own4  ,he _h (t5 felt
 ! inconv5i5ces (  idl5ess1 b he nev]   
cur$ x2 & 0 s consci\s ( 8 own  "* t he 
talk$ ( writ+ an ,ea/]n tale 8,( ! ,man 
:o ,lov$  to be 9 ,di/ress40  ,among 8  
peculi>ities 0 a v unskilful &          
in>ticulate mann] ( pron\nc+ any l(ty or

 solemn composition4  ,he  0 once read+ 
to ,dod+ton1 :o1 be+ himself a read]    
em95tly  elegant1 0 s mu* provok$ by 8  
odd utt]ance t he snat*$ !  pap] f 8 h&s
 & told him t he did n und]/& 8 own     
v]ses4    ,! biograph] ( ,?omson has    
rem>k$ t an au?or's life is be/ read  9 
8 works2 8 obs]vation 0 n well tim$4    
,savage1 :o liv$ mu*  ) ,?omson1 once   
told me h[ he he>d a lady rem>k+ t %e   
c\ld  ga!r f 8 works ?ree-p>ts ( 8 "*3 t
 he 0 8a great  lov]1 a great swimm]1 & 
rigor\sly ab/95t20 8b10 said ,savage1   
8he kn[s n any love b t ( ! sex2 he 01  
p]haps1 nev] 9  cold wat] 9 8 life2 & he
 indulges himself 9 all ! luxury t      
comes )9 8 rea*40  ,yet ,savage always  
spoke ) ! mo/ eag]  praise ( 8 social   
qualities1 8 w>m? & con/ancy ( fri5d%ip1
  & 8 adh]5ce to 8 fir/ acqua9tance :5 !
 advancem5t ( 8  reputation _h left !m  
beh9d him4    ,z a writ]1 he is entitl$ 
to "o praise ( ! highe/ k9d3 8 mode  (  
?9k+ & ( express+ 8 ?\ghts is orig9al4  
,8 blank v]se  is no m ! blank v]se (   

,milton1 or ( any o!r poet1 ?an !       
rhymes ( ,prior are ! rhymes ( ,c[ley4  
,8 numb]s1 8 pauses1 8  diction1 are ( 8
 own gr[?1 )\t transcription1 )\t       
imitation4  ,he ?9ks 9 a peculi> tra91 &
 he ?9ks always z a man ( g5ius2  he    
looks r\nd on ,nature & on ,life ) ! eye
 :i* ,nature be/[s  only on a poet2 !   
eye t di/+ui%es 9 ev]y?+ pres5t$ to its 
view :atev] !re is on :i* imag9ation c  
delight to be deta9$1  & ) a m9d t at   
once compreh5ds ! va/ & att5ds to !     
m9ute4  ,! read] ( ! 8,seasons0 wond]s t
 he nev] saw be=e  :at ,?omson %[s him1 
& t he nev] yet has felt :at ,?omson    
impresses4  ,8 is "o ( ! works 9 :i*    
blank v]se seems prop]ly  us$4          
,?omson's wide expansion ( g5]al views1 
& 8 enum]ation (  circum/antial         
v>ieties1 w\ld h be5 ob/ruct$ &         
emb>rass$ by  ! frequ5t int]sections ( !
 s5se1 :i* are ! necess>y effects  (    
rhyme4  ,8 descriptions ( ext5d$ sc5es &
 g5]al effects br+  be=e u ! :ole       
magnific5ce ( ,nature1 :e!r pleas+ or   

dreadful4  ,! gaiety ( ,spr+1 ! spl5d\r 
( ,summ]1 ! tranquillity (  ,autumn1 & !
 horror ( ,w9t]1 take 9 _! turns        
possession ( !  m9d4  ,! poet leads u   
?r\gh ! appe>ances ( ?+s z !y are       
successively v>i$ by ! vicissitudes ( ! 
ye>1 & imp>ts to u s  mu* ( 8 own       
en?usiasm t our ?\ghts exp& ) 8 imag]y &
  k9dle ) 8 s5tim5ts4  ,nor is !        
naturali/ )\t 8 "p 9  ! ent]ta9m5t1 = he
 is assi/$ to recollect & to comb9e1 to 
arrange 8 discov]ies1 & to amplify !    
sph]e ( 8 contemplation4  ,! great      
defect ( ! 8,seasons0 is want ( me?od2 b
 = ?is ,i "k  n t !re 0 any rem$y4  ,(  
_m appe>ances subsi/+ all at  once1 no  
rule c be giv5 :y "o %\ld be m5tion$    
be=e ano!r2  yet ! memory wants ! help (
 ord]1 & ! curiosity is n excit$  by    
susp5se or expectation4  ,8 diction is 9
 ! highe/ degree florid  & luxuriant1   
su* z may be said to be to 8 images &   
?\ghts 8bo?  _! lu/re & _! %ade20 su* z 
inve/s !m ) spl5d\r1  ?r\gh :i*1 p]haps1
 !y are n always easily disc]n$4  ,x is 

too  exub]ant1 & sometimes may be *>g$ )
 fill+ ! e> m ?an  ! m9d4    ,^! poems1 
) :i* ,i 0 acqua9t$ at _! fir/          
appe>ance1 ,i  h s9ce f\nd alt]$ &      
enl>g$ by subsequ5t revisals1 z !  au?or
 suppos$ 8 judgm5t to gr[ m exact1 & z  
books or  conv]sation ext5d$ 8 k & op5$ 
8 prospects4  ,!y are1  ,i ?9k1 improv$ 
9 g5]al2 yet ,i "k n :e!r !y h n lo/  "p
 ( :at ,temple calls _! 8race10 a ^w    
:i*1 appli$ to w9es 9  its primitive    
s5se1 means ! flav\r ( ! soil4          
8,lib]ty10 :5 x fir/ appe>$1 ,i tri$ to 
read1 & soon desi/$4  ,i  h nev] tri$   
aga91 & !re=e w n haz>d ei!r praise or  
c5sure4  ,! highe/ praise :i* he has    
receiv$ ought n to be  suppress$3 x is  
said by ,"l ,lyttelton1 9 ! ,prologue to
 8  po/hum\s play1 t 8 works conta9$    
8,no l9e :i*1 dy+1 he c\ld wi% to blot40
          ,,watts4      ,,! poems ( ,dr4
 ,watts 71 by my recomm5dation1 ins]t$ 9
 ! late  ,collection1 ! read]s ( :i* are
 to impute to me :atev] pleasure or     
we>9ess !y may f9d 9 ! p]usal (         

,blackmore1 ,watts1 ,pomfret1 &  ,yald54
    ,isaac ,watts 0 born ,july #ag1     
#afgd1 at ,s\?ampton1 :]e 8 fa!r1 (  !  
same "n1 kept a bo>d+-s*ool = "y        
g5tlem51 ?\gh common  report makes him a
 %oemak]4  ,he appe>s1 f ! n>rative (   
,dr4  ,gibbons1 to h be5 nei!r indig5t  
nor illit]ate4    ,isaac1 ! elde/ ( n9e 
*ildr51 0 giv5 to books f 8 infancy1  & 
began1 we are told1 to le>n ,lat9 :5 he 
0 f\r ye>s old--,i  suppose1 at home4   
,he 0 aft]w>ds taught ,lat91 ,greek1 &  
,hebrew1 by  ,mr4 ,p9horne1 a cl]gyman1 
ma/] ( ! ,free ,s*ool at ,s\?ampton1 to 
:om ! gratitude ( 8 s*ol> aft]w>ds      
inscrib$ a ,lat9 ode4  ,8  pr(ici5cy at 
s*ool 0 s conspicu\s t a subscription 0 
propos$  = 8 support at ! ,univ]sity1 b 
he decl>$ 8 resolution (  tak+ 8 lot ) !
 ,diss5t]s4  ,su* he 0 z e ,*ri/ian     
,*ur* w\ld rejoice to h adopt$4  ,he    
!re=e repair$1 9 #afij1 to  an academy  
taught by ,mr4 ,r[e1 :]e he _h = 8      
companions & fell[  /ud5ts ,mr4 ,hughes 
! poet1 & ,dr4 ,horte1 aft]w>ds         

,ar*bi%op (  ,tuam4  ,"s ,lat9 ,essays1 
suppos$ to h be5 writt5 z ex]cises at   
?is academy1 %[ a degree ( k1 bo?       
philosophical &  !ological1 su* z v few 
atta9 by a mu* long] c\rse ( /udy4  ,he 
01 z he h9ts 9 8 8,miscellanies10 a mak]
 ( v]ses f fifte5  to fifty1 & 9 8 y\?  
he appe>s to h paid att5tion to ,lat9   
poetry4  ,8 v]ses to 8 bro!r1 9 !       
glyconic measure1 writt5 :5  he 0       
sev5te51 are rem>kably easy & elegant4  
,"s ( 8 o!r  odes are de=m$ by ! ,p9d>ic
 folly !n prevail+1 & are writt5  ) su* 
neglect ( all metrical rules z is )\t   
example among !  anci5ts2 b 8 diction1  
?\gh p]haps n always exactly pure1 has  
su* copi\sness & spl5d\r z %[s t he 0 b 
a v little  di/ance f excell5ce4  ,8    
me?od ( /udy 0 to impress !  cont5ts ( 8
 books ^u 8 memory by abridg+ !m1 & by  
int]leav+ !m to amplify "o sy/em )      
supplem5ts f ano!r4    ,) ! congregation
 ( 8 tutor1 ,mr4 ,r[e1 :o 71 ,i believe1
  ,indep5d5ts1 he communicat$ 9 8       
n9ete5? ye>4  ,at ! age (  tw5ty he left

 ! academy1 & sp5t two ye>s 9 /udy &    
devotion at  ! h\se ( 8 fa!r1 :o treat$ 
him ) great t5d]ness1 & _h  ! happ9ess1 
indulg$ to few p>5ts1 ( liv+ to see 8   
son em95t  = lit]ature & v5]able =      
piety4  ,he 0 !n ent]ta9$ by ,sir  ,john
 ,h>topp five ye>s1 z dome/ic tutor to 8
 son1 & 9 t "t  p>ticul>ly devot$       
himself to ! /udy ( ! ,holy ,scriptures2
 &1  be+ *os5 assi/ant to ,dr4 ,*auncey1
 prea*$ ! fir/ "t on !  bir?day t       
complet$ 8 tw5ty-f\r? ye>1 probably     
consid]+ t  z ! day ( a second nativity1
 by :i* he ent]$ on a new p]iod (       
exi/5ce4    ,9 ab\t ?ree ye>s he succe$$
 ,dr4 ,*auncey2 b soon aft] 8  entrance 
on 8 *>ge he 0 seiz$ by a dang]\s       
illness1 :i* sunk  him to su* weakness t
 ! congregation ?\ght an assi/ant       
necess>y1 & appo9t$ ,mr4 ,price4  ,8    
heal? !n return$ gradually1  & he p]=m$ 
8 duty till 7#agab7 he 0 seiz$ by a fev]
 ( su*  viol5ce & cont9uance1 t f !     
feebl5ess :i* x br\ght ^u  him he nev]  
p]fectly recov]$4  ,?is calamit\s /ate  

made !  compassion ( 8 fri5ds necess>y1 
& drew ^u him ! att5tion (  ,sir ,?omas 
,abney1 :o receiv$ him into 8 h\se1 :]e1
 ) a  con/ancy ( fri5d%ip & uni=mity (  
conduct n (t5 to be f\nd1  he 0 treat$ =
 ?irty-six ye>s ) all ! k9dness t       
fri5d%ip  c\ld prompt1 & all ! att5tion 
t respect c\ld dictate4  ,sir  ,?omas   
di$ ab\t eight ye>s aft]w>ds1 b he      
cont9u$ ) ! lady  & h] daught]s to ! end
 ( 8 life4  ,! lady di$ ab\t a ye>  aft]
 him4    ,a coalition l ?is1 a /ate 9   
:i* ! notions ( patronage &  dep5d5ce 7 
ov]p[]$ by ! p]ception ( reciprocal     
b5efits1  des]ves a p>ticul> memorial2 &
 ,i w n )hold f ! read]  ,dr4 ,gibbons's
 repres5tation1 to :i* reg>d is to be   
paid z to !  n>rative ( "o :o writes :at
 he kn[s1 & :at is kn[n likewise to     
multitudes besides3--        8,our next 
obs]vation %all be made ^u t rem>kably  
k9d      ,provid5ce :i* br\ght ! ,doctor
 into ,sir ,?omas ,abney's family1      
& cont9u$ him !re till 8 dea?1 a p]iod (
 no less ?an      ?irty-six ye>s4  ,9 ! 

mid/ ( 8 sacr$ lab\rs = ! glory      (  
,god1 & good ( 8 g5]ation1 he is seiz$ )
 a mo/ viol5t      & ?reat5+ fev]1 :i*  
leaves him oppress$ ) great             
weakness1 & puts a /op at lea/ to 8     
public s]vices = f\r      ye>s4  ,9 ?is 
di/ress+ season1 d\bly s to 8 active &  
pi\s      _s1 he is invit$ to ,sir      
,?omas ,abney's family1 nor ev] removes 
f x till he _h f9i%$ 8 days4  ,"h he    
enjoy$ !      un9t]rupt$ demon/rations (
 ! true/ fri5d%ip4  ,"h1 )\t      any   
c>e ( 8 own1 he _h ev]y?+ :i* c\ld      
contribute to !      enjoym5t ( life1 & 
fav\r ! unwe>i$ pursuit ( 8 /udies4     
,"h he dwelt 9 a family :i*1 = piety1   
ord]1 h>mony1 & e      virtue1 0 a h\se 
( ,god4  ,"h he _h ! privilege ( a      
c\ntry      recess1 ! fragrant b[]1 !   
spread+ lawn1 ! fl[]y g>d51      & o!r  
advantages1 to soo! 8 m9d & aid 8       
re/oration to      heal?2 to yield him1 
:5ev] he *ose !m1 mo/ grateful int]vals 
f 8 labori\s /udies1 & enable him to    
return to !m )      r$\bl$ vig\r &      

delight4  ,_h x n be5 = ?is mo/ happy   
ev5t1 he might1 z to outw>d view1 h     
feebly1 x may be      pa9fully1 dragg$  
on ?r\gh _m m ye>s ( languor1 &         
inability = public s]vice1 & ev5 =      
pr(itable /udy1 or      p]haps might h  
sunk into 8 grave "u ! ov]:elm+ load (  
infirmities 9 ! mid/ ( 8 days2 & ?us !  
,*ur* & _w      w\ld h be5 depriv$ ( ^? 
_m excell5t s]mons & works      :i* he  
drew up & publi%$ dur+ 8 long resid5ce 9
 ?is      family4  ,9 a few ye>s aft] 8 
com+ hi!r1 ,sir ,?omas ,abney      dies2
 b 8 amiable consort survives1 :o %[s ! 
,doctor ! same      respect & fri5d%ip z
 be=e1 & mo/ happily = him & great      
numb]s besides2 =1 z h] ri*es 7 great1  
h] g5]osity &      munific5ce 7 9 full  
proportion2 h] ?read ( life 0 drawn out 
to a great age1 ev5 beyond t ( !        
,doctor's1 & ?us ?is      excell5t man1 
?r\gh h] k9dness1 & t ( h] daught]1 !   
pres5t ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,abney1 :o 9 a l 
degree e/eem$ &      hon\r$ him1 enjoy$ 
all ! b5efits & felicities he exp]i5c$  

at 8 fir/ entrance into ?is family till 
8 days 7 numb]$      & f9i%$1 &1 l a    
%ock ( corn 9 its season1 he asc5d$     
into ! regions ( p]fect & immortal life 
& joy40    ,if ?is quotation has appe>$ 
long1 let x be consid]$ t x  comprises  
an acc\nt ( six-&-?irty ye>s1 & ^? !    
ye>s ( ,dr4  ,watts4    ,f ! "t ( 8     
reception into ?is family 8 life 0 no   
o!rwise  div]sifi$ ?an by successive    
publications4  ,! s]ies ( 8 works ,i  am
 n able to d$uce2 _! numb] & _! v>iety  
%[ !  int5s5ess ( 8 indu/ry & ! ext5t ( 
8 capacity4  ,he 0 "o  ( ! fir/ au?ors t
 taught ! ,diss5t]s to c\rt att5tion by 
!  graces ( language4  ,:atev] !y _h    
among !m be=e1 :e!r (  le>n+ or         
acut5ess1 0 commonly obscur$ & blunt$ by
 co>s5ess  & inelegance ( /yle4  ,he %[$
 !m t zeal & purity might be  express$ &
 en=c$ by poli%$ diction4  ,he cont9u$  
to ! end (  8 life a tea*] ( a          
congregation1 & no read] ( 8 works c    
d\bt 8 fidelity or dilig5ce4  ,9 !      
pulpit1 ?\gh 8 l[ /ature1  :i* v little 

exce$$ five feet1 grac$ him ) no        
advantages (  appe>ance1 yet ! gravity &
 propriety ( 8 utt]ance made 8          
disc\rses v efficaci\s4  ,i once m5tion$
 ! reputation :i* ,mr4  ,fo/] _h ga9$ by
 8 prop] deliv]y1 to my fri5d ,dr4      
,hawkeswor?1  :o told me t 9 ! art (    
pronunciation he 0 f> inf]ior to ,dr4   
,watts4  ,su* 0 8 fl[ ( ?\ghts1 & su* 8 
promptitude (  language1 t 9 ! latt] "p 
( 8 life he did n precompose 8  cursory 
s]mons1 b1 hav+ adju/$ ! heads & sket*$ 
out "s  p>ticul>s1 tru/$ = success to 8 
extempor>y p[]s4  ,he did n  endeav\r to
 assi/ 8 eloqu5ce by any ge/iculations2 
=1 z no  corporeal actions h any        
correspond5ce ) !ological tru?1 he did  
n see h[ !y c\ld en=ce x4  ,at !        
conclusion ( weighty  s5t5ces he gave   
"t1 by a %ort pause1 = ! prop]          
impression4    ,to /at$ & public        
in/ruction he add$ famili> visits &     
p]sonal  application1 & 0 c>eful to     
improve ! opportunities :i*  conv]sation
 (f]$ ( diffus+ & increas+ ! influ5ce ( 

religion4  ,by 8 natural temp] he 0     
quick ( res5tm5t2 b by 8  e/abli%$ &    
habitual practice he 0 g5tle1 mode/1 &  
in(f5sive4  ,8 t5d]ness appe>$ 9 8      
att5tion to *ildr51 & to ! poor4  ,to ! 
poor1 :ile he liv$ 9 ! family ( 8 fri5d1
 he all[$ !  ?ird "p ( 8 annual rev5ue2 
?\gh ! :ole 0 n a hundr$ a  ye>2 & =    
*ildr5 he condesc5d$ to lay aside !     
s*ol>1 !  philosoph]1 & ! wit1 to write 
little poems ( devotion1 & sy/ems  (    
in/ruction1 adapt$ to _! wants &        
capacities1 f ! dawn (  reason ?r\gh its
 gradations ( advance 9 ! morn+ ( life4 
,e  man acqua9t$ ) ! common pr9ciples ( 
human action w look )  v5]ation on !    
writ] :o is at "o "t combat+ ,locke1 &  
at  ano!r mak+ a cate*ism = *ildr5 9 _! 
f\r? ye>4  ,a  volunt>y desc5t f !      
dignity ( sci5ce is p]haps ! h>de/      
lesson t humility c tea*4    ,z 8 m9d 0 
capaci\s1 8 curiosity excursive1 & 8    
indu/ry  cont9ual1 8 writ+s are v num]\s
 & 8 subjects v>i\s4  ,)  8 !ological   
works ,i am only en\gh acqua9t$ to      

admire 8 meekness  ( opposition1 & 8    
mildness ( c5sure4  ,x 0 n only 9 8     
book1  b 9 8 m9d1 t or?odoxy 0 unit$ )  
*>ity4    ,( 8 philosophical pieces1 8  
8,logic0 has be5 receiv$ into !         
,univ]sities1 & !re=e wants no private  
recomm5dation2 if he owes  "p ( x to ,le
 ,cl]c1 x mu/ be consid]$ t no man :o   
und]takes  m]ely to me?odise or         
illu/rate a sy/em pret5ds to be its     
au?or4    ,9 8 metaphysical             
disquisitions x 0 obs]v$ by ! late le>n$
 ,mr4  ,dy]1 t he conf\nd$ ! idea (     
space ) t ( empty space1  & did n       
consid] t ?\gh space might be )\t matt]1
 yet  matt] be+ ext5d$ c\ld n be )\t    
space4    ,few books h be5 p]us$ by me )
 great] pleasure ?an 8  8,improvem5t ( !
 ,m9d10 ( :i* ! radical pr9ciple may    
inde$ be  f\nd 9 ,locke's 8,conduct ( ! 
,und]/&+20 b !y are s exp&$  & ramifi$  
by ,watts1 z to conf] ^u him ! m]it ( a 
"w 9 !  highe/ degree useful & pleas+4  
,:oev] has ! c>e ( in/ruct+  o!rs may be
 *>g$ ) defici5cy 9 8 duty if ?is book  

is n  recomm5d$4    ,i h m5tion$ 8      
treatises ( !ology z di/9ct f 8 o!r     
productions2 b ! tru? is t :atev] he    
took 9 h& 01 by 8  incessant solicitude 
= s\ls1 conv]t$ to !ology4  ,z piety    
pr$om9at$ 9 8 m9d1 x is diffus$ ov] 8   
works4  ,"u 8  direction x may be truly 
said1 ,!ologi philosophia ancillatur    
7,philosophy is subs]vi5t to evangelical
 in/ruction74  ,x is difficult  to read 
a page )\t le>n+1 or at lea/ wi%+1 to be
 bett]4  ,!  att5tion is caught by      
indirect in/ruction2 & he t sat d[n only
 to  reason is on a sudd5 compell$ to   
pray4  ,x 0 !re=e ) great  propriety t1 
9 #agbh1 he receiv$ f ,ed9burgh &       
,ab]de5 an  unsolicit$ diploma1 by :i*  
he became a ,doctor ( ,div9ity4         
,academical  hon\rs w\ld h m value if !y
 7 always be/[$ ) equal  judgm5t4  ,he  
cont9u$ _m ye>s to /udy & to prea*1 & to
 d good  by 8 in/ruction & example1 till
 at la/ ! infirmities ( age  disabl$ him
 f ! m labori\s "p ( 8 m9i/]ial         
functions1  &1 be+ no long] capable (   

public duty1 he (f]$ to remit !  sal>y  
app5d5t to x2 b 8 congregation w\ld n   
accept !  resignation4  ,by degrees 8   
weakness increas$1 & at la/ conf9$ him  
to 8 *amb] & 8 b$1 :]e he 0 worn        
gradually away )\t  pa91 till he expir$ 
,novemb] #be? #agdh1 9 ! sev5ty-fif? ye>
 (  8 age4    ,few m5 h left beh9d su*  
purity ( "*1 or su* monum5ts (  labori\s
 piety4  ,he has provid$ in/ruction =   
all ages--f ^? :o  are lisp+ _! fir/    
lessons1 to ! enlight5$ read]s (        
,malebran*e & ,locke2 he has left nei!r 
corporeal nor spiritual nature          
unexam9$2 he has taught ! art ( reason+1
 & ! sci5ce ( !  />s4  ,8 "*1 !re=e1 mu/
 be =m$ f ! multiplicity  & div]sity ( 8
 atta9m5ts1 r ?an f any s+le  p]=mance1 
= x w\ld n be safe to claim = him !     
highe/ rank  9 any s+le d5om9ation (    
lit]>y dignity2 yet1 p]haps1 !re 0  no?+
 9 :i* he w\ld n h excell$1 if he _h n  
divid$ 8  p[]s to diff]5t pursuits4     
,z a poet1 _h he be5 only a poet1 he    
w\ld probably h /ood high  among !      

au?ors ) :om he is n[ associat$4  ,= 8  
judgm5t 0  exact1 & he not$ beauties &  
faults ) v nice disc]nm5t2 8            
imag9ation1 z ! 8,dacian ,battle0       
proves1 0 vigor\s & active1 &  ! /ores (
 k 7 l>ge by :i* 8 fancy 0 to be        
suppli$4  ,8 e> 0 well tun$1 & 8 diction
 0 elegant & copi\s4  ,b 8  devotional  
poetry is1 l t ( o!rs1 unsatisfactory4  
,! paucity  ( its topics en=ces p]petual
 repetition1 & ! sanctity ( !  matt]    
rejects ! ornam5ts ( figurative diction4
  ,x is suffici5t =  ,watts to h done   
bett] ?an o!rs :at no man has done well4
  ,8  poems on o!r subjects seldom rise 
high] ?an might be expect$ f  !         
amusem5ts ( a man ( lett]s1 & h diff]5t 
degrees ( value  z !y are m or less     
lab\r$1 or z ! occasion 0 m or less     
fav\rable to inv5tion4  ,he writes too  
(t5 )\t regul> measures1  & too (t5 9   
blank v]se2 ! rhymes are n always       
suffici5tly  correspond5t4  ,he is      
p>ticul>ly unhappy 9 co9+ names         
expressive (  *>act]s4  ,8 l9es are     

commonly smoo? & easy1 & 8 ?\ghts       
always religi\sly pure2 b :o is !re t1  
to s mu* piety &  innoc5ce1 does n wi% =
 a great] measure ( sprightl9ess &      
vig\r8  ,he is at lea/ "o ( ! few poets 
) :om y\? &  ignorance may be safely    
pleas$2 & happy w be t read] ^: m9d  is 
dispos$1 by 8 v]ses or 8 prose1 to      
imitate him 9 all b 8  non-con=mity1 to 
copy 8 b5evol5ce to man1 & 8 rev]5ce to 
,god4          ,a4 ,,philips4      ,,( !
 bir? or e>ly "p ( ! life ( ,ambrose    
,philips ,i h n be5  able to f9d any    
acc\nt4  ,8 academical education he     
receiv$ at ,/4  ,john's ,college 9      
,cambridge1 :]e he fir/ solicit$ !      
notice ( !  _w by "s ,engli% v]ses1 9 ! 
collection publi%$ by !  ,univ]sity on !
 dea? ( ,que5 ,m>y4  ,f ?is "t h[ he 0  
employ$1 or 9 :at /ation he pass$ 8     
life1 is n yet discov]$4  ,he mu/ h     
publi%$ 8 8,pa/orals0 be=e ! ye> #agjh1 
because !y  are evid5tly prior to ^? (  
,pope4  ,he aft]w>ds 7#agji7 address$ to
  ! univ]sal patron1 ! ,duke ( ,dorset1 

a 8,poetical ,lett] f  ,cop5hag510 :i* 0
 publi%$ 9 ! ,tatl]1 & is by ,pope1 9 "o
  ( 8 fir/ ,lett]s1 m5tion$ ) high      
praise z ! production ( a  man 8:o c\ld 
write v nobly40    ,philips 0 a zeal\s  
,:ig1 & !re=e easily f\nd access to     
,addison  & ,/eele2 b 8 ard\r seems n to
 h procur$ him any?+ m  ?an k9d words1  
s9ce he 0 r$uc$ to translate ! 8,p]sian 
,tales0  = ,tonson1 = :i* he 0 aft]w>ds 
reproa*$1 ) ?is addition (  contempt1 t 
he work$ = half-a-cr[n4  ,! book is     
divid$ into _m  sections1 = ea* ( :i*1  
if he receiv$ half-a-cr[n1 8 rew>d1 z   
writ]s !n 7 paid1 0 v lib]al2 b         
half-a-cr[n _h a mean  s\nd4  ,he 0     
employ$ 9 promot+ ! pr9ciples ( 8 p>ty1 
by  epitomis+ ,hacket's 8,life (        
,ar*bi%op ,williams40  ,! orig9al book  
is  writt5 ) su* depravity ( g5ius1 su* 
mixture ( ! fop &  p$ant1 z has n (t5   
appe>$4  ,! epitome is free en\gh f     
affectation1 b has little _s or vig\r4  
,9 #agab he br\ght ^u ! /age ,!         
,di/ress$ ,"m1 almo/ a  translation (   

,rac9e's ,&romaque4  ,su* a "w requires 
no uncommon  p[]s1 b ! fri5ds ( ,philips
 ex]t$ e art to promote 8  int]e/4 ,be=e
 ! appe>ance ( ! play a :ole ,spectator1
 none  inde$ ( ! be/1 0 devot$ to its   
praise2 :ile x yet cont9u$ to  be act$1 
ano!r ,spectator 0 writt5 to tell :at   
impression x made  ^u ,sir ,rog]1 & on !
 fir/ night a select audi5ce1 says      
,pope1 0  call$ toge!r to applaud x4  ,x
 0 conclud$ ) ! mo/ successful          
,epilogue t 0 ev] yet spok5 on ! ,engli%
 !atre4  ,! ?ree  fir/ nights x 0 recit$
 twice1 & n only cont9u$ to be dem&$    
?r\gh ! run1 z x is t]m$1 ( ! play1 b   
:5ev] x is  recall$ to ! /age1 :]e by   
peculi> =tune1 ?\gh a copy f !  ,fr5*1 x
 yet keeps its place1 ! ,epilogue is    
/ill expect$1 & is  /ill spok54    ,!   
propriety ( ,epilogues 9 g5]al1 &       
consequ5tly ( ?is1 0  que/ion$ by a     
correspond5t ( ! ,spectator1 ^: lett] 0 
und\bt$ly admitt$ = ! sake ( ! answ]1   
:i* soon foll[$1  writt5 ) mu* zeal &   
acrimony4  ,! attack & ! def5ce equally 

contribut$ to /imulate curiosity &      
cont9ue att5tion4  ,x may be  discov]$ 9
 ! def5ce t ,prior's ,epilogue to ,phdra
 _h a little  excit$ jeal\sy1 & some?+ (
 ,prior's plan may be discov]$ 9 !      
p]=mance ( 8 rival4  ,( ?is di/+ui%$    
,epilogue ! reput$  au?or 0 ! wret*$    
,budgell1 :om ,addison us$ to d5om9ate  
8! man  :o calls me c\s920 & :5 he 0    
ask$ h[ su* a silly fell[ c\ld  write s 
well1 repli$1 8,! ,epilogue 0 q ano!r ?+
 :5 ,i saw  x fir/40  ,x 0 kn[n 9       
,tonson's family1 & told to ,g>rick1 t  
,addison 0 himself ! au?or ( x1 & t1 :5 
x _h be5 at fir/  pr9t$ ) 8 "n1 he came 
e>ly 9 ! morn+1 be=e ! copies  7        
di/ribut$1 & ord]$ x to be giv5 to      
,budgell1 t x might  add weight to !    
solicitation :i* he 0 !n mak+ = a place4
    ,philips 0 n[ high 9 ! ranks (      
lit]ature4  ,8 play 0 applaud$2  8      
translations f ,sappho _h be5 publi%$ 9 
! ,spectator2 he  0 an important &      
di/+ui%$ associate ( clubs1 witty &     
poetical2 & no?+ 0 want+ to 8 happ9ess b

 t he %\ld be  sure ( its cont9uance4   
,! "w :i* _h procur$ him ! fir/  notice 
f ! public 0 8 8,six ,pa/orals10 :i*1   
flatt]+ !  imag9ation ) ,arcadian sc5es1
 probably f\nd _m read]s1 & might  h    
long pass$ z a pleas+ amusem5t _h !y n  
be5 unhappily too  mu* comm5d$4    ,!   
ru/ic poems ( ,!ocritus 7 s highly valu$
 by ! ,greeks &  ,romans t !y attract$ !
 imitation ( ,virgil1 ^: ,eclogues seem 
to h be5 consid]$ z preclud+ all        
attempts ( ! same k9d2 =  no %eph]ds 7  
taught to s+ by any succe$+ poet1 till  
,nemesian  & ,calphurnius v5tur$ _!     
feeble ef=ts 9 ! l[] age ( ,lat9        
lit]ature4    ,at ! revival ( le>n+ 9   
,italy x 0 soon discov]$ t a  dialogue (
 imag9>y swa9s might be compos$ ) little
 difficulty1  because ! conv]sation (   
%eph]ds excludes pr(\nd or ref9$        
s5tim5t2 & = images & descriptions1     
satyrs & fauns1 & naiads  & dryads1 7   
always )9 call2 & woods & mead[s1 &     
hills &  riv]s1 suppli$ v>iety ( matt]1 
:i*1 hav+ a natural p[] to  soo! ! m9d1 

did n quickly cloy x4    ,petr>*        
ent]ta9$ ! le>n$ m5 ( 8 age ) ! novelty 
(  mod]n pa/orals 9 ,lat94  ,be+ n      
ignorant ( ,greek1 & f9d+  no?+ 9 ! ^w  
eclogue ( rural mean+1 he suppos$ x to  
be  corrupt$ by ! copi]s1 & !re=e call$ 
8 own productions  glogues1 by :i* he   
meant to express ! talk ( goat-h]ds1    
?\gh  x w mean only ! talk ( goats4     
,?is new "n 0 adopt$ by  subsequ5t      
writ]s1 & among o!rs by our ,sp5s]4     
,m ?an a c5tury aft]w>ds 7#adih7        
,mantuan publi%$ 8 ,bucolics )  su*     
success t !y 7 soon dignifi$ by ,badius 
) a comm5t1 &1  z ,scalig] compla9$1    
receiv$ into s*ools1 & taught z         
classical2  8 compla9t 0 va91 & !       
practice1 h[ev] injudici\s1 spread f>  &
 cont9u$ long4  ,mantuan 0 read1 at lea/
 9 "s ( ! inf]ior  s*ools ( ?is k+dom1  
to ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4  ,!      
speak]s ( ,mantuan c>ri$ _!             
disquisitions beyond ! c\ntry to  c5sure
 ! corruptions ( ! ,*ur*1 & f him ,sp5s]
 le>n$ to  employ 8 swa9s on topics (   

controv]sy4  ,! ,italians soon          
transf]r$ pa/oral poetry into _! own    
language4  ,sannaz>o wrote  8,arcadia0 9
 prose & v]se2 ,tasso & ,gu>9i wrote    
8,favole  ,bos*>eccie10 or ,sylvan      
,dramas2 & all nations ( ,europe fill$  
volumes  ) ,?yrsis & ,damon1 & ,!/ylis &
 ,phyllis4    ,philips ?9ks x 8some:at  
/range to conceive h[1 9 an age s       
addict$ to ! ,muses1 pa/oral poetry nev]
 comes to be s mu* z  ?\ght ^u40  ,8    
wond] seems v unseasonable2 !re _h nev]1
 f  ! "t ( ,sp5s]1 want$ writ]s to talk 
occasionally ( ,arcadia &  ,/rephon1 &  
half ! book1 9 :i* he fir/ tri$ 8 p[]s1 
consi/s  ( dialogues on ,que5 ,m>y's    
dea?1 betwe5 ,tityrus & ,corydon1 or    
,mopsus & ,m5alcas4  ,a s]ies or book ( 
pa/orals1 h[ev]1 ,i "k n  t anyone _h !n
 lately publi%$4    ,n long aft]w>ds    
,pope made ! fir/ display ( 8 p[]s 9 f\r
  pa/orals1 writt5 9 a v diff]5t =m4    
,philips _h tak5 ,sp5s]1  & ,pope took  
,virgil = 8 patt]n4  ,philips endeav\r$ 
to be natural1  ,pope lab\r$ to be      

elegant4    ,philips 0 n[ fav\r$ by     
,addison & by ,addison's companions1 :o 
7  v will+ to pu% him into reputation4  
,! ,gu>dian gave an acc\nt  ( ,pa/oral1 
p>tly critical & p>tly hi/orical2 9 :i*1
 :5 !  m]it ( ! mod]n is comp>$1 ,tasso 
& ,gu>9i are c5sur$ =  remote ?\ghts &  
unnatural ref9em5ts1 &1 ^u ! :ole1 !    
,italians & ,fr5* are all exclud$ f     
rural poetry1 & ! pipe (  ! pa/oral muse
 is transmitt$ by lawful inh]itance f   
,!ocritus to  ,virgil1 f ,virgil to     
,sp5s]1 & f ,sp5s] to ,philips4  ,) ?is 
inauguration ( ,philips 8 rival ,pope 0 
n mu* delight$2 he  !re=e drew a        
comp>ison ( ,philips's p]=mance ) 8 own1
 9  :i*1 ) an unexampl$ & unequall$     
artifice ( irony1 ?\gh he has  himself  
always ! advantage1 he gives ! pref]5ce 
to ,philips4  ,!  design ( aggr&is+     
himself he disguis$ ) su* dext]ity t1   
?\gh ,addison discov]$ x1 ,/eele 0      
deceiv$1 & 0 afraid (  displeas+ ,pope  
by publi%+ 8 pap]4  ,publi%$ h[ev] x 0  
7,gu>dian1 ,no4 #dj71 & f t "t ,pope &  

,philips liv$ 9 a  p]petual             
reciprocation ( malevol5ce4  ,9 poetical
 p[]s1 ( ei!r  praise or satire1 !re 0  
no proportion betwe5 ! combatants2 b    
,philips1 ?\gh he c\ld n prevail by wit1
 hop$ to hurt ,pope )  ano!r weapon1 &  
*>g$ him1 z ,pope ?\ght ) ,addison's    
approbation1 z disaffect$ to !          
,gov]nm5t4  ,ev5 ) ?is he 0 n  satisfi$1
 =1 inde$1 !re is no appe>ance t any    
reg>d 0 paid  to 8 clam\rs4  ,he proce$$
 to gross] insults1 & hung up a rod at  
,button's1 ) :i* he ?reat5$ to *a/ise   
,pope1 :o appe>s to h  be5 extremely    
exasp]at$1 = 9 ! fir/ edition ( 8       
,lett]s he  calls ,philips 8rascal10 & 9
 ! la/ /ill *>ges him ) deta9+  9 8 h&s 
! subscriptions = 8,hom]0 deliv]$ to him
 by !  ,hanov] ,club4  ,i suppose x 0   
nev] suspect$ t he meant to  appropriate
 ! money2 he only delay$1 & ) suffici5t 
meanness1 !  gratification ( him by ^:  
prosp]ity he 0 pa9$4    ,m5 sometimes   
suff] by injudici\s k9dness2 ,philips   
became ridicul\s1  )\t 8 own fault1 by !

 absurd admiration ( 8 fri5ds1 :o       
decorat$ him ) honor>y g>l&s1 :i* ! fir/
 brea? (  contradiction bla/$4    ,:5 ^u
 ! succession ( ! ,h\se ( ,hanov] e ,:ig
 expect$ to  be happy1 ,philips seems to
 h obta9$ too little notice2 he caught  
few  drops ( ! gold5 %[]1 ?\gh he did n 
omit :at flatt]y c\ld  p]=m4  ,he 0 only
 made a commission] ( ! lott]y 7#agag71 
&1  :at did n mu* elevate 8 "*1 a ju/ice
 ( ! peace4    ,! success ( 8 fir/ play 
mu/ naturally dispose him to turn 8     
hopes t[>ds ! /age2 he did n1 h[ev]1    
soon commit himself to !  m]cy ( an     
audi5ce1 b cont5t$ himself ) ! fame     
already  acquir$1 till aft] n9e ye>s he 
produc$ 7#agbb7 ,! ,briton1 a  trag$y   
:i*1 :atev] 0 its reception1 is n[      
neglect$2 ?\gh "o  ( ! sc5es1 betwe5    
,vanoc ! ,briti% ,pr9ce & ,val5s !      
,roman  ,g5]al1 is confess$ to be writt5
 ) great dramatic skill1 animat$  by _s 
truly poetical4  ,he _h n be5 idle ?\gh 
he _h be5  sil5t1 = he exhibit$ ano!r   
trag$y ! same ye> on ! /ory (  ,humphry1

 ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]4  ,?is trag$y is only 
rememb]$ by its  title4    ,8 happie/   
und]tak+ 0 7#agaa7 ( a pap] call$ ,!    
,free?9k]1  9 conjunction ) associates1 
( :om "o 0 ,dr4 ,b\lt]1 :o1 !n  only    
m9i/] ( a p>i% 9 ,s\?w>k1 0 ( s mu*     
consequ5ce to !  ,gov]nm5t t he 0 made  
fir/ ,bi%op ( ,bri/ol1 & aft]w>ds       
,primate ( ,irel&1 :]e 8 piety & 8 *>ity
 w be long  hon\r$4  ,x may easily be   
imag9$ t :at 0 pr9t$ "u !  direction (  
,b\lt] w\ld h no?+ 9 x indec5t or       
lic5ti\s2 its  title is to be und]/ood z
 imply+ only fre$om f unreasonable      
prejudice4  ,x has be5 repr9t$ 9        
volumes1 b is little read2 nor c        
imp>tial criticism recomm5d x z wor?y ( 
revival4    ,b\lt] 0 n well qualifi$ to 
write diurnal essays1 b he knew h[  to  
practise ! lib]ality ( greatness & !    
fidelity ( fri5d%ip4  ,:5 he 0 advanc$  
to ! height ( ecclesia/ical dignity1 he 
did n  =get ! companion ( 8 lab\rs4     
,kn[+ ,philips to be sl5d]ly  support$1 
he took him to ,irel& z p>tak] ( 8      

=tune1 &1 mak+  him 8 secret>y1 add$ su*
 pref]m5ts z enabl$ him to repres5t !   
c\nty ( ,armagh 9 ! ,iri% ,p>liam5t4  ,9
 ,decemb]1 #agbf1 he 0 made  secret>y to
 ! ,"l ,*ancellor1 & 9 ,augu/1 #agcc1   
became ,judge (  ! ,pr]ogative ,c\rt4   
,aft] ! dea? ( 8 patron he cont9u$ "s   
ye>s 9 ,irel&1 b at  la/ long+1 z x     
seems1 = 8 native c\ntry1 he return$    
7#agdh7 to  ,london1 hav+ d\btless      
surviv$ mo/ ( 8 fri5ds & enemies1 &     
among !m 8 dread$ antagoni/ ,pope4  ,he 
f\nd1 h[ev]1 ! ,duke (  ,newca/le /ill  
liv+1 & to him he d$icat$ 8 poems       
collect$ into  a volume4    ,hav+       
pur*as$ an annuity ( #djj1 he n[ c]ta9ly
 hop$ to pass "s  ye>s ( life 9 pl5ty & 
tranquillity2 b 8 hope deceiv$ him3 he  
0 /ruck ) a palsy1 & di$ ,june #ah1     
#agdi1 9 8 sev5ty-eigh?  ye>4    ,( 8   
p]sonal "* all t ,i h he>d is1 t he 0   
em95t  = brav]y & skill 9 ! sword1 & t 9
 conv]sation he 0  solemn & pomp\s4  ,he
 _h great s5sibility ( c5sure1 if       
judgm5t may  be made by a s+le /ory :i* 

,i he>d long ago f ,mr4 ,+1 a  g5tleman 
( great em95ce 9 ,/af=d%ire4            
8,philips10 said he1 80  once at table1 
:5 ,i ask$ him1 #8,h[ came ?y k+ (      
,epirus to drive  ox51 & to say1 8,i'm  
goad$ on by love08'  ,aft] :i* "q he    
nev] spoke aga940    ,( ,! ,di/ress$ ,"m
 n mu* is pret5d$ to be 8 own1 &  !re=e 
x is no subject ( criticism3 8 o!r two  
trag$ies1 ,i  believe1 are n bel[       
m$iocrity1 nor above x4  ,among ! poems 
compris$ 9 ! late ,collection1 ! 8,lett]
 f ,d5m>k0 may be ju/ly  prais$2 !      
,pa/orals1 :i* by ! writ] ( ! ,gu>dian 7
 rank$  z "o ( ! f\r g5u9e productions (
 ! ru/ic ,muse1 _c surely  be           
despicable4  ,t !y exhibit a mode ( life
 :i* did n exi/1 nor  ev] exi/$1 is n to
 be object$3 ! supposition ( su* a /ate 
is  all[$ to be pa/oral4  ,9 8 o!r poems
 he _c be d5i$ !  praise ( l9es         
sometimes elegant2 b he has seldom mu*  
=ce or mu*  compreh5sion4  ,! pieces t  
please be/ are ^? :i*1 f ,pope  &       
,pope's adh]5ts1 procur$ him ! "n (     

8,namby-,pamby10 ! poems  ( %ort l9es1  
by :i* he paid 8 c\rt to all ages &     
*>act]s1  f ,walpole ! 8/e]] ( ! realm10
 to ,miss ,pult5ey 9 ! nurs]y4  ,!      
numb]s are smoo? & sprightly1 & !       
diction is seldom faulty4  ,!y are n    
load$ ) mu* ?\ght1 yet1 if !y _h be5    
writt5 by  ,addison1 !y w\ld h _h       
admir]s3 little ?+s are n valu$ b  :5 !y
 are done by ^? :o c d great]4    ,9 8  
translations f 8,p9d>0 he f\nd ! art (  
rea*+ all !  obscurity ( ! ,!ban b>d1   
h[ev] he may fall bel[ 8 sublimity2 he  
w be all[$1 if he has less fire1 to h m 
smoke4  ,he has add$  no?+ to ,engli%   
poetry1 yet at lea/ half 8 book des]ves 
to be  read3 p]haps he valu$ mo/ himself
 t "p :i* ! critic w\ld  reject4        
,,we/4      ,,gilb]t ,,we/ is "o ( !    
writ]s ( :om ,i regret my inability to  
give  a suffici5t acc\nt2 ! intellig5ce 
:i* my inquiries h obta9$  is g5]al &   
scanty4  ,he 0 ! son ( ! ,rev4 ,dr4     
,we/2 p]haps him  :o publi%$ 8,p9d>0 at 
,ox=d ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury4  ,8 "m

 0 si/] to ,sir ,ri*>d ,temple1 aft]w>ds
 ,"l ,cobham4  ,8  fa!r1 purpos+ to     
educate him = ! ,*ur*1 s5t him fir/ to  
,eton1  & aft]w>ds to ,ox=d2 b he 0     
s$uc$ to a m airy mode ( life1  by a    
commission 9 a troop ( horse1 procur$   
him by 8 uncle4  ,he  cont9u$ "s "t 9 ! 
army1 ?\gh x is reasonable to suppose t 
he nev] sunk into a m]e soldi]1 nor ev] 
lo/ ! love1 or mu*  neglect$ ! pursuit1 
( le>n+2 & aft]w>ds1 f9d+ himself m     
incl9$ to civil employm5t1 he laid d[n 8
 commission1 & engag$ 9  bus9ess "u !   
,"l ,t[n%5d1 !n ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ) :om
 he  att5d$ ! ,k+ to ,hanov]4    ,8     
adh]5ce to ,"l ,t[n%5d end$ 9 no?+ b a  
nom9ation 7,may1  #agbi7 to be          
,cl]k-,extraord9>y ( ! ,privy ,c\ncil1  
:i* produc$ no  imm$iate pr(it2 = x only
 plac$ him 9 a /ate ( expectation &  "r 
( succession1 & x 0 v long be=e a       
vacancy admitt$ him  to pr(it4    ,soon 
aft]w>ds he m>ri$1 & settl$ himself 9 a 
v pleasant h\se  at ,wickham1 9 ,k5t1   
:]e he devot$ himself to le>n+ & to     

piety4  ,( 8 le>n+ ! late ,collection   
exhibits evid5ce1 :i* w\ld h  be5 yet   
full] if ! diss]tations :i* accompany 8 
v]sion (  8,p9d>0 _h n be5 improp]ly    
omitt$4  ,( 8 piety ! influ5ce  has1 ,i 
hope1 be5 ext5d$ f> by 8 8,obs]vations  
on ! ,resurrection10  publi%$ 9 #agdg1 =
 :i* ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d creat$ him a  
,doctor ( ,laws1 by diploma 7,m>* #cj1  
#agdh71 & w\ld d\btless h  rea*$ yet    
fur!r _h he liv$ to complete :at he _h =
 "s "t  m$itat$--! 8,evid5ces ( ! ,tru? 
( ! ,new ,te/am5t40  ,p]haps x  may n be
 )\t effect to tell t he read ! pray]s (
 ! public  ,liturgy e morn+ to 8 family1
 & t on ,sunday ev5+ he call$  8 s]vants
 into ! p>l\r & read to !m fir/ a s]mon 
& !n  pray]s4  ,cra%aw is n[ n ! only   
mak] ( v]ses to :om may be  giv5 ! two  
v5]able names ( ,poet & ,sa9t4  ,he 0 v 
(t5  visit$ by ,lyttelton & ,pitt1 :o1  
:5 !y 7 we>y ( faction &  debates1 us$  
at ,wickham to f9d books & quiet1 a     
dec5t table1 &  lit]>y conv]sation4     
,!re is at ,wickham a walk made by      

,pitt2 &1  :at is ( f> m importance1 at 
,wickham1 ,lyttelton receiv$ t          
conviction :i* produc$ 8 8,diss]tation  
on ,/4 ,paul40  ,^! two  illu/ri\s      
fri5ds _h = a :ile li/5$ to ! bl&i%m5ts 
(  infidelity2 & :5 ,we/'s book 0       
publi%$1 x 0 b\ght by "s :o  did n "k 8 
*ange ( op9ion1 9 expectation ( new     
objections  aga9/ ,*ri/ianity2 & z      
infidels d n want malignity1 !y  rev5g$ 
! disappo9tm5t by call+ him a ,me?odi/4 
,mr4 ,we/'s income 0 n l>ge2 & 8 fri5ds 
endeav\r$1 b )\t  success1 to obta9 an  
augm5tation4  ,x is report$ t !         
education (  ! "y ,pr9ce 0 (f]$ to him1 
b t he requir$ a m  ext5sive p[] (      
sup]9t5d5ce ?an x 0 ?\ght prop] to all[ 
him4  ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 8 rev5ue 0 improv$2 
he liv$ to h "o (  ! lucrative cl]k%ips 
( ! ,privy ,c\ncil 7#ageb72 & ,mr4 ,pitt
 at  la/ _h x 9 8 p[] to make him       
,treasur] ( ,*elsea ,hospital4  ,he  0  
n[ suffici5tly ri*2 b weal? came too    
late to be long enjoy$2  nor c\ld x     
secure him f ! calamities ( life2 he lo/

 7#agee7 8  only son2 & ! ye> aft] 7,m>*
 #bf7 a /roke ( ! palsy br\ght to  !    
grave "o ( ! few poets to :om ! grave   
might be )\t its  t]rors4    ,( 8       
translations ,i h only comp>$ ! fir/    
,olympic ,ode ) !  orig9al1 & f\nd my   
expectation surpass$1 bo? by its        
elegance &  its exactness4  ,he does n  
conf9e himself to 8 au?or's tra9 (      
/anzas2 = he saw t ! diff]5ce (         
languages requir$ a diff]5t  mode (     
v]sification4  ,! fir/ /rophe is em95tly
 happy2 9 !  second he has a little     
/ray$ f ,p9d>'s mean+1 :o says1 8,if ?\1
  my s\l1 wi%e/ to speak ( games1 look n
 9 ! des]t sky = a  planet hott] ?an !  
sun2 nor %all we tell ( nobl] games ?an 
^?  ( ,olympia40  ,he is sometimes too  
p>aphra/ical4  ,p9d> be/[s ^u  ,hi]o an 
epi!t :i*1 9 "o ^w1 signifies delight+ 9
 horses2 a  ^w :i*1 9 ! translation1    
g5]ates ^! l9es3--        8,hi]o's royal
 br[s1 ^: c>e         ,t5ds ! c\rs]'s   
noble bre$1      ,pleas$ to nurse !     
pregnant m>e1         ,pleas$ to tra9 ! 

y\?ful /e$40    ,p9d> says ( ,pelops1 t 
8he came alone 9 ! d>k to ! ,:ite ,sea20
  & ,we/--        8,ne> ! bill[-beat5   
side      ,( ! foam-besilv]$ ma91       
,d>kl+1 & alone1 he /ood30    :i*1      
h[ev]1 is less exub]ant ?an ! =m]       
passage4    ,a "w ( ?is k9d mu/1 9 a    
m9ute exam9ation1 discov] _m            
imp]fections2 b ,we/'s v]sion1 s f> z ,i
 h consid]$ x1  appe>s to be ! product (
 great lab\r & great abilities4    ,8   
8,in/itution ( ! ,g>t]0 7#agdb7 is      
writt5 ) suffici5t  k ( ! mann]s t      
prevail$ 9 ! age to :i* x is  ref]r$1 & 
) great elegance ( diction2 b1 = want ( 
a process  ( ev5ts1 nei!r k nor elegance
 pres]ves ! read] f  we>9ess4    ,8     
8,imitations ( ,sp5s]0 are v            
successfully p]=m$1 bo? )  respect to ! 
metre1 ! language1 & ! fiction2 & be+   
engag$ at  once by ! excell5ce ( !      
s5tim5ts1 & ! artifice ( ! copy1  ! m9d 
has two amusem5ts toge!r4  ,b su*       
compositions are n to  be reckon$ among 
! great a*ievem5ts ( intellect1 because 

_!  effect is local & tempor>y2 !y      
appeal n to reason or passion1 b  to    
memory1 & presuppose an accid5tal or    
artificial /ate ( m9d4  ,an  imitation (
 ,sp5s] is no?+ to a read]1 h[ev] acute1
 by :om  ,sp5s] has nev] be5 p]us$4     
,works ( ?is k9d may des]ve praise1  z  
pro(s ( great indu/ry & great nicety (  
obs]vation2 b !  highe/ praise1 ! praise
 ( g5ius1 !y _c claim4  ,! noble/       
beauties ( art are ^? ( :i* ! effect is 
co-ext5d$ )  rational nature1 or at lea/
 ) ! :ole circle ( poli%$ life2 :at  is 
less ?an ?is c be only pretty1 ! play?+ 
( fa%ion1 & !  amusem5t ( a day4    ,!re
 is 9 ! ,adv5tur] a pap] ( v]ses giv5 to
 "o ( !  au?ors z ,mr4 ,we/'s1 & suppos$
 to h be5 writt5 by him4  ,x  %\ld n be 
conceal$1 h[ev]1 t x is pr9t$ ) ,mr4    
,jago's "n  9 ,dodsley's ,collection1 & 
is m5tion$ z 8 9 a lett] (  ,%5/one's4  
,p]haps ,we/ gave x )\t nam+ ! au?or1 & 
,hawkeswor?1 receiv+ x f him1 ?\ght x 82
 = 8 he ?\ght  x1 z he told me1 & z he  
tells ! public4          ,,coll9s4      

,,william ,,coll9s 0 born at ,*i*e/]1 on
 ! #be? day ( ,decemb]1  ab\t #agbj4  ,8
 fa!r 0 a hatt] ( good reputation4  ,he 
0 9 #agcc1  z ,dr4 ,w>ton has k9dly     
in=m$ me1 admitt$ s*ol> ( ,w9*e/]       
,college1 :]e he 0 educat$ by ,dr4      
,burton4  ,8 ,engli% ex]cises 7  bett]  
?an 8 ,lat94  ,he fir/ c\rt$ ! notice ( 
! public by "s  v]ses to a 8,lady       
weep+10 publi%$ 9 ,! ,g5tleman's        
,magaz9e  7,janu>y1 #agci74    ,9 #agdj 
he /ood fir/ 9 ! li/ ( ! s*ol>s to be   
receiv$ 9  succession at ,new ,college1 
b unhappily !re 0 no vacancy4  ,he      
became  a ,common] ( ,que5's ,college1  
probably ) a scanty ma9t5ance2 b  01 9  
ab\t half a ye>1 elect$ a ,demy (       
,magdal5 ,college1 :]e he  cont9u$ till 
he _h tak5 a ,ba*elor's degree1 & !n    
sudd5ly left  ! ,univ]sity2 = :at reason
 ,i "k n t he told4    ,he n[ 7ab\t     
#agdd7 came to ,london a lit]>y         
adv5tur]1 ) _m  projects 9 8 head1 & v  
little money 9 8 pocket4  ,he design$   
_m works2 b 8 great fault 0             

irresolution2 or ! frequ5t calls  (     
imm$iate necessity broke 8 s*eme1 &     
suff]$ him to pursue no  settl$ purpose4
  ,a man d\btful ( 8 d9n]1 or trembl+ at
 a  cr$itor1 is n mu* dispos$ to        
ab/ract$ m$itation or remote  inquiries4
  ,he publi%$ proposals = a 8,hi/ory ( !
 ,revival (  ,le>n+20 & ,i h he>d him   
speak ) great k9dness ( ,leo ,x41 &  )  
ke5 res5tm5t ( 8 ta/eless successor4  ,b
 probably n a page  ( 8 hi/ory 0 ev]    
writt54  ,he plann$ sev]al trag$ies1 b  
he  only plann$ !m4  ,he wrote n[ & !n  
odes & o!r poems1 & did  some?+1 h[ev]  
little4  ,ab\t ?is "t ,i fell into 8    
company4  ,8  appe>ance 0 dec5t & manly2
 8 k consid]able1 8 views  ext5sive1 8  
conv]sation elegant1 & 8 disposition    
*e]ful4  ,by  degrees ,i ga9$ 8         
confid5ce2 & "o day 0 admitt$ to him :5 
he  0 immur$ by a bailiff t 0 pr[l+ 9 ! 
/reet4  ,on ?is  occasion rec\rse 0 _h  
to ! booksell]s1 :o1 on ! cr$it ( a     
translation ( ,ari/otle's 8,poetics10   
:i* he engag$ to write ) a  l>ge        

comm5t>y1 advanc$ z mu* money z enabl$  
him to escape into  ! c\ntry4  ,he %[$  
me ! gu9eas safe 9 8 h&4  ,soon aft]w>ds
  8 uncle1 ,mr4 ,m>t91 a                
lieut5ant-colonel1 left him ab\t #bjjj2 
a sum  :i* ,coll9s c\ld sc>cely ?9k     
exhau/ible1 & :i* he did n live  to     
exhau/4 ,! gu9eas 7 !n repaid1 & !      
translation neglect$4  ,b man is n born 
= happ9ess4  ,coll9s1 :o1 :ile he /udi$ 
to  live1 felt no evil b pov]ty1 no     
soon] liv$ to /udy ?an 8 life  0 assail$
 by m dreadful calamities--disease &    
insanity4    ,hav+ =m]ly writt5 8 "*1   
:ile p]haps x 0 yet m  di/9ctly impress$
 ^u my memory1 ,i %all ins]t x "h4      
8,mr4 ,coll9s 0 a man ( ext5sive        
lit]ature1 & ( vigor\s  faculties4  ,he 
0 acqua9t$ n only ) ! le>n$ tongues1 b )
  ! ,italian1 ,fr5*1 & ,spani%          
languages4  ,he _h employ$ 8 m9d  *iefly
 on works ( fiction1 & subjects ( fancy2
 &1 by indulg+  "s peculi> habits (     
?\ght1 0 em95tly delight$ ) ^?  flights 
( imag9ation :i* pass ! b\nds ( nature1 

& to :i* !  m9d is reconcil$ only by a  
passive acquiesc5ce 9 popul> traditions4
  ,he lov$ fairies1 g5ii1 giants1 &     
mon/]s2 he delight$ to rove  ?r\gh !    
me&]s ( en*antm5t1 to gaze on !         
magnific5ce (  gold5 palaces1 to repose 
by ! wat]falls ( ,elysian g>d5s4  ,?is  
01 h[ev]1 ! "* r ( 8 incl9ation ?an 8   
g5ius2  ! gr&eur ( wildness1 & ! novelty
 ( extravagance1 7 always  desir$ by    
him1 b n always atta9$4  ,yet1 z        
dilig5ce is nev]  :olly lo/1 if 8 ef=ts 
sometimes caus$ h>%ness & obscurity1  !y
 likewise produc$ 9 happi] mom5ts       
sublimity & spl5d\r4  ,?is  idea :i* he 
_h =m$ ( excell5ce l$ him to ,ori5tal   
fictions &  allegorical imag]y1 &1      
p]haps1 :ile he 0 int5t ^u description1 
he did n suffici5tly cultivate s5tim5t4 
,8 poems are !  productions ( a m9d n   
defici5t 9 fire1 nor unfurni%$ )  k ei!r
 ( books or life1 b some:at ob/ruct$ 9  
its  progress by deviation 9 que/ (     
mi/ak5 beauties4    8,8 morals 7 pure1 &
 8 op9ions pi\s2 9 a long cont9uance (  

pov]ty1 & long habits ( dissipation1 x  
_c be expect$ t any  "* %\ld be exactly 
uni=m4  ,!re is a degree ( want by :i*  
! fre$om ( ag5cy is almo/ de/roy$2 &    
long association )  =tuit\s companions w
 at la/ relax ! /rictness ( tru?1 &     
abate ! f]v\r ( s9c]ity4  ,t ?is man1   
wise & virtu\s z he  01 pass$ always    
un5tangl$ ?r\gh ! sn>es ( life1 x w\ld  
be  prejudice & tem]ity to affirm2 b x  
may be said t at lea/ he  pres]v$ !     
s\rce ( action unpollut$1 t 8 pr9ciples 
7 nev]  %ak51 t 8 di/9ctions ( "r &     
wrong 7 nev] conf\nd$1  & t 8 faults _h 
no?+ ( malignity or design1 b proce$$  f
 "s unexpect$ pressure1 or casual       
temptation4    8,! latt] "p ( 8 life _c 
be rememb]$ b ) pity &  sadness4  ,he   
langui%$ "s ye>s "u t depression ( m9d  
:i*  en*a9s ! faculties )\t de/roy+ !m1 
& leaves reason !  k ( "r )\t ! p[] (   
pursu+ x4  ,^! cl\ds :i*  he p]ceiv$    
ga!r+ on 8 intellect he endeav\r$ to    
disp]se by  travel1 & pass$ into        
,france2 b f\nd himself con/ra9$ to     

yield to  8 malady1 & return$4  ,he 0 = 
"s "t conf9$ 9 a h\se (  lunatics1 &    
aft]w>ds retir$ to ! c>e ( 8 si/] 9     
,*i*e/]1  :]e dea?1 9 #agef1 came to 8  
relief4    8,aft] 8 return f ,france1 ! 
writ] ( ?is "* paid him a  visit at     
,isl+ton1 :]e he 0 wait+ = 8 si/]1 :om  
he _h  direct$ to meet him4  ,!re 0 !n  
no?+ ( disord] disc]nible 9  8 m9d by   
any b himself2 b he _h )drawn f /udy1 & 
travell$ ) no o!r book ?an an ,engli%   
,te/am5t1 su* z *ildr5  c>ry to ! s*ool4
  ,:5 8 fri5d took x into 8 h&1 out (   
curiosity to see :at companion a man (  
lett]s _h *os51 #8,i h b  "o book1' said
 ,coll9s1 #8b t is ! be/4'0    ,su* 0 ! 
fate ( ,coll9s1 ) :om ,i once delight$  
to conv]se1 &  :om ,i yet rememb] )     
t5d]ness4    ,he 0 visit$ at ,*i*e/]1 9 
8 la/ illness1 by 8 le>n$ fri5ds  ,dr4  
,w>ton & 8 bro!r1 to :om he spoke )     
disapprobation ( 8  8,ori5tal           
,eclogues10 z n suffici5tly expressive (
 ,asiatic mann]s1  & call$ !m 8 8,iri%  
,eclogues40  ,he %[$ !m1 at ! same "t1  

an ode inscrib$ to ,mr4 ,john ,home1 on 
! sup]/itions ( ! ,highl&s1  :i* !y     
?\ght sup]ior to 8 o!r works1 b :i* no  
se>* has  yet f\nd4  ,8 disord] 0 no    
ali5ation ( m9d1 b g5]al laxity  &      
feebl5ess--a defici5cy r ( 8 vital ?an 8
 intellectual  p[]s4  ,:at he spoke     
want$ nei!r judgm5t nor _s2 b a few     
m9utes exhau/$ him1 s t he 0 =c$ to re/ 
^u ! c\*1 till  a %ort cessation re/or$ 
8 p[]s1 & he 0 aga9 able to talk )  8   
=m] vig\r4  ,! approa*es ( ?is dreadful 
malady he began to  feel soon aft] 8    
uncle's dea?2 &1 ) ! usual weakness ( m5
 s  diseas$1 eag]ly snat*$ t tempor>y   
relief ) :i* ! table &  ! bottle flatt] 
& s$uce4  ,b 8 heal? cont9ually decl9$1 
&  he grew m & m bur!nsome to himself4  
,to :at ,i h =m]ly said ( 8 writ+s may  
be add$1 t 8  diction 0 (t5 h>%1        
unskilfully lab\r$1 & injudici\sly      
select$4  ,he affect$ ! obsolete :5 x 0 
n wor?y ( revival3  & he puts 8 words   
out ( ! common ord]1 seem+ to ?9k1 )  "s
 lat] c&idates = fame1 t n to write     

prose is c]ta9ly to  write poetry4  ,8  
l9es commonly are ( sl[ motion1 clogg$ &
 imp$$  ) clu/]s ( consonants4  ,z m5   
are (t5 e/eem$ :o _c be  lov$1 s !      
poetry ( ,coll9s may sometimes extort   
praise :5 x gives  little pleasure4     
,mr4 ,coll9s's fir/ production is add$  
"h f ! ,poetical  ,cal5d>3--            
,,to ,,miss ,,aurelia ,c--,r1           
,,on ,,h] ,,weep+ ,,at ,,h] ,,si/]',s   
,,w$d+4        8,cease1 fair ,aurelia1  
cease to m\rn2         ,lam5t n         
,hannah's happy /ate2      ,y may be    
happy 9 y\r turn1         ,& seize !    
treasure y regret4      ,) ,love unit$  
,hym5 /&s1         ,& s(tly :isp]s to   
y\r *>ms1      #8,meet b y\r lov] 9 my  
b&s1         ,y'll f9d y\r si/] 9 8     
arms4'0          ,,dy]4      ,,john     
,,dy]1 ( :om ,i h no o!r acc\nt to give 
?an 8 own lett]s1  publi%$ ) ,hughes's  
correspond5ce1 & ! notes add$ by !      
editor1 h af=d$ me1 0 born 9 #agjj1 !   
second son ( ,rob]t ,dy]  ( ,ab]glasney1
 9 ,ca]m>!n%ire1 a solicitor ( great    

capacity &  note4  ,he pass$ ?r\gh      
,we/m9/] s*ool "u ! c>e ( ,dr4 ,fre9d1  
& 0 !n call$ home to be in/ruct$ 9 8    
fa!r's pr(ession4  ,b 8 fa!r di$ soon1 &
 he took no delight 9 ! /udy ( ! law2   
b1 hav+ always amus$ himself ) draw+1   
resolv$ to turn pa9t]1  & became pupil  
to ,mr4 ,ri*>dson1 an arti/ !n ( high   
reputation1  b n[ bett] kn[n by 8 books 
?an by 8 pictures4    ,hav+ /udi$ a :ile
 "u 8 ma/]1 he became1 z he tells 8     
fri5d1 an it9]ant pa9t]1 & w&]$ ab\t    
,s\? ,wales & !  p>ts adjac5t2 b he m+l$
 poetry ) pa9t+1 & ab\t #agbg  #agbf    
pr9t$ 8,grong> ,hill0 9 ,lewis's        
,miscellany4  ,be+1 probably1           
unsatisfi$ ) 8 own pr(ici5cy1 he1 l o!r 
pa9t]s1 travell$  to ,italy2 & com+ back
 9 #agdj1 publi%$ ! 8,ru9s ( ,rome40    
,if 8  poem 0 writt5 soon aft] 8 return1
 he did n make use ( 8  acquisitions 9  
pa9t+1 :atev] !y might be2 = decl9e (   
heal?  & love ( /udy det]m9$ him to !   
,*ur*4  ,he !re=e ent]$  into ord]s2 &1 
x seems1 m>ri$ ab\t ! same "t a lady ( !

  "n ( ,ensor2 8^: gr&mo!r10 says he1 80
 a ,%akspe>e1 desc5d$  f a bro!r (      
ev]ybody's ,%akspe>e20 by h]1 9 #agef1  
he _h a son  & ?ree daught]s liv+4    ,8
 ecclesia/ical provision 0 = a long "t b
 sl5d]4  ,8 fir/  patron1 ,mr4 ,h>p]1   
gave him1 9 #agda1 ,cal?orp 9           
,leice/]%ire1 (  eighty p\nds a ye>1 on 
:i* he liv$ t5 ye>s1 & !n ex*ang$ x  =  
,bel*=d1 9 ,l9coln%ire1 ( sev5ty-five4  
,8 condition n[ began  to m5d4  ,9 #agea
 ,sir ,john ,hea?cote gave him ,con+sby1
 ( "o hundr$  & =ty p\nds a ye>2 & 9    
#agee ! ,*ancellor add$ ,kirkby1 ( "o   
hundr$ & t54  ,he compla9s t ! repair ( 
! h\se at ,con+sby1  & o!r exp5ses1 took
 away ! pr(it4  ,9 #ageg he publi%$ 8,! 
,fleece10 8 greate/ poetical "w2 ( :i*  
,i w n suppress a  ludicr\s /ory4       
,dodsley ! booksell] 0 "o day m5tion+ x 
to a  critical visitor1 ) m expectation 
( success ?an ! o!r c\ld  easily admit4 
,9 ! conv]sation ! au?or's age 0 ask$2 &
 be+  repres5t$ z advanc$ 9 life1 8,he  
w10 said ! critic1 8be buri$  9 wooll540

  ,he did n inde$ long survive t        
publication1 nor long  enjoy ! increase 
( 8 pref]m5ts1 = 9 #ageh he di$4    ,dy]
 is n a poet ( bulk or dignity suffici5t
 to require an elaborate  criticism4    
8,grong> ,hill0 is ! happie/ ( 8        
productions3 x is n  inde$ v accurately 
writt52 b ! sc5es :i* x displays are s  
pleas+1 ! images :i* !y raise are s     
welcome to ! m9d1 & !  reflections ( !  
writ] s consonant to ! g5]al s5se or    
exp]i5ce  ( mank9d1 t :5 x is once read1
 x w be read aga94  ,! idea  ( ! 8,ru9s 
( ,rome0 /rikes m1 b pleases less1 & !  
title  raises great] expectation ?an !  
p]=mance gratifies4  ,"s  passages1     
h[ev]1 are conceiv$ ) ! m9d ( a poet2 z 
:51 9 !  neighb\rhood ( dilapidat+      
edifices1 he says1                 8,!  
,pilgrim (t      ,at dead ( night1 'mid 
8 orison he>s      ,agha/ ! voice ( ,"t1
 disp>t+ t['rs      ,tumbl+ all         
precipitate d[n da%$1      ,rattl+      
ar\nd1 l\d ?und'r+ to ! ,moon40    ,(   
8,! ,fleece10 :i* nev] became popul>1 & 

is n[ univ]sally  neglect$1 ,i c say    
little t is likely to recall x to       
att5tion4  ,! woolcomb] & ! poet appe>  
to me su* discordant natures1 t an      
attempt to br+ !m toge!r is to c\ple !  
s]p5t ) ! f[l4  ,:5 ,dy]1 ^: m9d 0 n    
unpoetical1 has done 8 utmo/1 by        
int]e/+ 8 read] 9 our native commodity  
by int]sp]s+ rural  imag]y1 & incid5tal 
digressions1 by clo?+ small images 9    
great  words1 & by all ! writ]'s arts ( 
delusion1 ! meanness naturally  adh]+1 &
 ! irrev]5ce habitually annex$ to trade 
&  manufacture1 s9k him "u insup]able   
oppression2 & ! disgu/ :i*  blank v]se1 
encumb]+ & encumb]$1 sup]adds to an     
unpleas+  subject1 soon repels ! read]1 
h[ev] will+ to be pleas$4    ,let me1   
h[ev]1 hone/ly report :atev] may        
c\nt]balance ?is weight  ( c5sure4  ,i h
 be5 told t ,ak5side1 :o1 ^u a poetical 
"q1 has a "r to be he>d1 said1 8,t he   
w\ld regulate 8  op9ion ( ! reign+ ta/e 
by ! fate ( ,dy]'s #8,fleece2' =1 if  t 
7 ill-receiv$1 he %\ld n ?9k x any long]

 reasonable to  expect fame f           
excell5ce40          ,,%5/one4          
,,william ,,%5/one1 ! son ( ,?omas      
,%5/one & ,anne ,p51 0 born 9  ,novemb]1
 #agad1 at ! ,leas[es 9 ,hales-,ow51 "o 
( ^? insulat$  di/ricts :i*1 9 !        
division ( ! k+dom1 0 app5d$1 = "s      
reason n n[ discov]able1 to a di/ant    
c\nty2 & :i*1 ?\gh  surr\nd$ by         
,w>wick%ire & ,worce/]%ire1 belongs to  
,%rop%ire1  ?\gh p]haps ?irty miles     
di/ant f any o!r "p ( x4  ,he  le>n$ to 
read ( an old dame1 :om 8 poem ( !      
8,s*oolmi/ress0 has  deliv]$ to po/]ity2
 & soon receiv$ su* delight f books1 t  
he 0 always call+ = fre% ent]ta9m5t1 &  
expect$ t1 :5  any ( ! family w5t to    
m>ket1 a new book %\ld be br\ght him1   
:i*1 :5 x came1 0 9 fondness c>ri$ to b$
 & laid by him4  ,x  is said1 t1 :5 8   
reque/ _h be5 neglect$1 8 "m wrapp$ up  
a piece ( wood ( ! same =m1 & pacifi$   
him = ! night4  ,z he  grew old]1 he w5t
 = a :ile to ! ,gramm>-s*ool 9          
,hales-,ow51 &  0 plac$ aft]w>ds ) ,mr4 

,crumpton1 an em95t s*oolma/] at        
,solihul1 :]e he di/+ui%$ himself by !  
quickness ( 8 progress4    ,:5 he 0 "y  
7,june1 #agbd7 he 0 depriv$ ( 8 fa!r1 & 
soon  aft] 7,augu/1 #agbf7 ( 8 gr&fa!r2 
& 01 ) 8 bro!r1 :o  di$ aft]w>ds        
unm>ri$1 left to ! c>e ( 8 gr&mo!r1 :o  
manag$ ! e/ate4    ,f s*ool he 0 s5t 9  
#agcb to ,pembroke ,college 9 ,ox=d1 a  
society  :i* = half a c5tury has be5    
em95t = ,engli% poetry & elegant        
lit]ature4  ,"h x appe>s t he f\nd      
delight & advantage2 = he  cont9u$ 8 "n 
9 ! book t5 ye>s1 ?\gh he took no       
degree4  ,aft] ! fir/ f\r ye>s he put on
 ! civilian's g[n1 b )\t  %[+ any       
int5tion to engage 9 ! pr(ession4  ,ab\t
 ! "t :5  he w5t to ,ox=d1 ! dea? ( 8   
gr&mo!r devolv$ 8 affairs to  ! c>e ( ! 
,rev4 ,mr4 ,dolman1 ( ,brome 9          
,/af=d%ire1 ^:  att5tion he always      
m5tion$ ) gratitude4  ,at ,ox=d he      
employ$  himself ^u ,engli% poetry2 & 9 
#agcg publi%$ a small ,miscellany1  )\t 
8 "n4  ,he !n = a "t w&]$ ab\t1 to      

acqua9t himself  ) life1 & 0 sometimes  
at ,london1 sometimes at ,ba?1 or any   
o!r  place ( public resort2 b he did n  
=get 8 poetry4  ,he publi%$  9 #agda 8  
8,judgm5t ( ,h]cules10 address$ to ,mr4 
,lyttelton1 ^:  int]e/ he support$ )    
great w>m? at an election3 ?is 0 next   
ye> foll[$ by ! 8,s*oolmi/ress40    ,mr4
 ,dolman1 to ^: c>e he 0 indebt$ = 8    
ease & leisure1 di$  9 #agde1 & ! c>e ( 
8 own =tune n[ fell ^u him4  ,he tri$ to
  escape x a:ile1 & liv$ at 8 h\se ) 8  
t5ants1 :o 7  di/antly relat$2 b1 f9d+ t
 imp]fect possession inconv5i5t1  he    
took ! :ole e/ate into 8 own h&s1 m to !
 improvem5t (  its beauty ?an ! increase
 ( its produce4  ,n[ 0 excit$ 8 delight 
9 rural pleasures & 8 ambition ( rural  
elegance2 he began f ?is  "t to po9t 8  
prospects1 to div]sify 8 surface1 to    
entangle 8  walks1 & to w9d 8 wat]s1 :i*
 he did ) su* judgm5t & su*  fancy z    
made 8 little doma9 ! envy ( ! great & !
 admiration  ( ! skilful2 a place to be 
visit$ by travell]s & copi$ by          

design]s4  ,:e!r to plant a walk 9      
undulat+ curves1 & to place a  b5* at e 
turn :]e !re is an object to cat* !     
view1 to make  ! wat] run :]e x w be    
he>d1 & to /agnate :]e x w be  se51 to  
leave int]vals :]e ! eye w be pleas$1 & 
to ?ick5  ! plantation :]e !re is some?+
 to be hidd51 dem&s any great  p[]s (   
m9d1 ,i w n inquire3 p]haps a sull5 &   
surly spectator  may ?9k su* p]=mances r
 ! sport ?an ! bus9ess ( human  reason4 
,b x mu/ be at lea/ confess$ t to       
embelli% ! =m (  ,nature is an innoc5t  
amusem5t1 & "s praise mu/ be all[$1 by !
  mo/ sup]cili\s obs]v]1 to him :o does 
be/ :at su* multitudes are  cont5d+ to d
 well4    ,?is praise 0 ! praise (      
,%5/one2 b1 l all o!r modes (  felicity1
 x 0 n enjoy$ )\t its abatem5ts4        
,lyttelton 0 8  neighb\r & 8 rival1 ^:  
empire1 spaci\s & opul5t1 look$ )       
disda9 on ! petty /ate t appe>$ beh9d x4
  ,= a :ile !  inhabitants ( ,hagley    
affect$ to tell _! acqua9tance ( !      
little  fell[ t 0 try+ to make himself  

admir$2 b :5 by degrees !  ,leas[es =c$ 
!mselves into notice1 !y took c>e to    
defeat !  curiosity :i* !y c\ld n       
suppress by conduct+ _! visitants       
p]v]sely to inconv5i5t po9ts ( view1 &  
introduc+ !m at !  wrong end ( a walk to
 detect a deception2 injuries ( :i*     
,%5/one  w\ld heavily compla94  ,:]e !re
 is emulation !re w be vanity2  & :]e   
!re is vanity !re w be folly4    ,!     
pleasure ( ,%5/one 0 all 9 8 eye2 he    
valu$ :at he valu$  m]ely = its looks4  
,no?+ rais$ 8 indignation m ?an to ask  
if  !re 7 any fi%es 9 8 wat]4  ,8 h\se 0
 mean1 & he did n  improve x2 8 c>e 0 ( 
8 gr\nds4  ,:5 he came home f 8  walks1 
he might f9d 8 floors flood$ by a %[]   
?r\gh ! brok5  ro(2 b c\ld sp>e no money
 = its rep>ation4  ,9 "t 8 exp5ses      
br\ght clam\rs ab\t him t ov]p[]$ !     
lamb's bleat & !  l9net's song1 & 8     
groves 7 haunt$ by be+s v diff]5t f     
fauns & fairies4  ,he sp5t 8 e/ate 9    
adorn+ x1 & 8 dea? 0  probably ha/5$ by 
8 anxieties4  ,he 0 a lamp t sp5t its   

oil 9  blaz+4  ,x is said t1 if he _h   
liv$ a little long]1 he w\ld h  be5     
assi/$ by a p5sion3 su* b\nty c\ld n h  
be5 ev] m  prop]ly be/[$2 b t x 0 ev]   
ask$ is n c]ta92 x is too  c]ta9 t x    
nev] 0 enjoy$4  ,he di$ at ,leas[es1 ( a
 putrid  fev]1 ab\t five on ,friday     
morn+1 ,febru>y #aa1 #agfc1 & 0 buri$ by
  ! side ( 8 bro!r 9 ! *ur*y>d (        
,hales-,ow54    ,he 0 nev] m>ri$1 ?\gh  
he might h obta9$ ! lady1 :oev] %e  01  
to :om 8 8,pa/oral ,ballad0 0 address$4 
,he is repres5t$ by  8 fri5d ,dodsley z 
a man ( great t5d]ness & g5]osity1 k9d  
to  all t 7 )9 8 influ5ce2 b1 if once   
(f5d$1 n easily  appeas$2 inatt5tive to 
economy1 & c>eless ( 8 exp5ses2 9 8     
p]son he 0 l>g] ?an ! middle-size1 )    
some?+ clumsy 9 8  =m2 v neglig5t ( 8   
clo!s1 & rem>kable = we>+ 8 grey  hair 9
 a p>ticul> mann]1 = he held t ! fa%ion 
0 no rule (  dress1 & t e man 0 to suit 
8 appe>ance to 8 natural =m4  ,8 m9d 0 n
 v compreh5sive1 nor 8 curiosity active2
 he _h no  value = ^? p>ts ( k :i* he _h

 n himself cultivat$4  ,8 life 0 un/a9$ 
by any crime4  ,! 8,elegy on ,jesse10   
:i* has  be5 suppos$ to relate an       
un=tunate & crim9al am\r ( 8 own1 0     
kn[n by 8 fri5ds to h be5 sugge/$ by !  
/ory ( ,miss ,godfrey  9 ,ri*>dson's    
8,pamela40    ,:at ,gray ?\ght ( 8 "*1 f
 ! p]usal ( 8 ,lett]s1 0  ?is3--        
8,i h read1 too1 an octavo volume (     
,%5/one's ,lett]s4  ,poor      man6 he 0
 always wi%+ = money1 = fame1 & o!r     
di/9ctions2 & 8 :ole philosophy consi/$ 
9 liv+ aga9/      8 w 9 retirem5t1 & 9 a
 place :i* 8 ta/e _h adorn$1      b :i* 
he only enjoy$ :5 p ( note came to see &
 comm5d      x4  ,8 correspond5ce is    
ab\t no?+ else b ?is place & 8      own 
writ+s1 ) two or ?ree neighb\r+ cl]gym51
 :o wrote      v]ses too40    ,8 poems  
consi/ ( elegies1 odes1 & ballads1      
humor\s sallies1 &  moral pieces4  ,8   
conception ( an ,elegy he has 9 8       
,preface v  judici\sly & discrim9ately  
expla9$4  ,x is1 accord+ to 8  acc\nt1 !
 effusion ( a contemplative m9d1        

sometimes pla9tive1 &  always s]i\s1 &  
!re=e sup]ior to ! glitt] ( slight      
ornam5ts4  ,8 compositions suit n ill to
 ?is description4  ,8  topics ( praise  
are ! dome/ic virtues1 & 8 ?\ghts are   
pure &  simple1 b want+ comb9ation2 !y  
want v>iety4  ,! peace (  solitude1 !   
innoc5ce ( inactivity1 & ! un5vi$       
security ( an  humble /ation1 c fill b a
 few pages4  ,t ( :i* ! ess5ce is       
uni=mity w be soon describ$4  ,8 elegies
 h1 !re=e1 too mu*  resemblance ( ea*   
o!r4  ,! l9es are sometimes1 su* z      
,elegy  requires1 smoo? & easy2 b to ?is
 praise 8 claim is n con/ant2  8 diction
 is (t5 h>%1 improp]1 & affect$1 8 words
 ill-co9$  or ill-*os51 & 8 phrase      
unskilfully inv]t$4    ,! ,lyric ,poems 
are almo/ all ( ! light & airy k9d1 su* 
z trip  lightly & nimbly along1 )\t !   
load ( any weighty mean+4  ,f  ^!1      
h[ev]1 8,rural ,elegance0 has "s "r to  
be except$4  ,i once  he>d x prais$ by a
 v le>n$ lady2 &1 ?\gh ! l9es are       
irregul>1 & ! ?\ghts diffus$ ) too mu*  

v]bosity1 yet x  _c be d5i$ to conta9   
bo? philosophical argum5t & poetical    
_s4  ,( ! re/ ,i _c ?9k any excell5t2 ! 
8,skyl>k0 pleases  me be/1 :i* has1     
h[ev]1 m ( ! epigram ?an ( ! ode4    ,b 
! f\r p>ts ( 8 8,pa/oral ,ballad0 dem&  
p>ticul> notice4  ,i  _c b regret t x is
 pa/oral3 an intellig5t read] acqua9t$  
) ! sc5es ( real life sick5s at ! m5tion
 ( ! crook1 !  pipe1 ! %eep1 & ! kids1  
:i* x is n necess>y to br+  =w>d to     
notice2 = ! poet's art is selection1 &  
he ought to %[  ! beauties )\t !        
grossness ( ! c\ntry life4  ,8 /anza    
seems  to h be5 *os5 9 imitation (      
,r[e's 8,despair+ ,%eph]d40  ,9 !  fir/ 
are two passages1 to :i* if any m9d     
d5ies its sympa?y1 x has  no acqua9tance
 ) love or nature3--        8,i priz$ e 
h\r t w5t by1         ,beyond all t _h  
pleas$ me be=e3      ,b n[ !y are pa/1 &
 ,i sigh1         ,& ,i grieve t ,i     
priz$ !m no m4        ,:5 =c$ ! fair    
nymph to =ego1         ,:at angui% ,i   
felt 9 my he>t6      ,yet ,i ?\ght 7b x 

might n be s7         ',twas ) pa9 t %e 
saw me dep>t4        ,%e gaz$1 z ,i     
sl[ly )drew1         ,my pa? ,i c\ld    
h>dly disc]n2      ,s sweetly %e bade me
 adieu1         ,i ?\ght t %e bade me   
return40    ,9 ! second ?is passage has 
its prett9ess2 ?\gh x be n equal to  !  
=m]3--        8,i h f\nd out a gift = my
 fair3         ,i h f\nd :]e ! wood     
pigeons bre$3      ,b let me t plund]   
=be>1         ,%e w say 'twas a b>b>\s  
de$3        ,= he ne'er c\ld be true1 %e
 av]r$1         ,:o c\ld rob a poor bird
 ( its "y2      ,& ,i lov$ h] ! m :5 ,i 
he>d         ,su* t5d]ness fall f h]    
tongue40    ,9 ! ?ird he m5tions !      
common-places ( amor\s poetry ) "s      
address3--        8',tis 8 ) mock       
passion to gl[6         ',tis 8 9 smoo? 
tales to unfold1      ,h[ h] face is z  
bright z ! sn[1         ,& h] bosom1 be 
sure1 is z cold3        ,h[ ! night+ales
 lab\r ! /ra91         ,) ! notes ( ?is 
*>m] to vie3      ,h[ !y v>y _! acc5ts 9
 va91         ,rep9e at h] triumphs1 &  

die40    ,9 ! f\r? ,i f9d no?+ bett] ?an
 ?is natural /ra9 ( ,hope3--            
8,alas6 f ! day t we met1         ,:at  
hope ( an end to my woes1      ,:5 ,i _c
 endure to =get         ,! glance t     
undid my repose8        ,yet ,"t may    
dim9i% ! pa93         ,! fl[]1 & ! %rub1
 & ! tree1      ,:i* ,i re>$ = h]       
pleasure 9 va91         ,9 "t may h     
com=t = me40    ,8 8,levities0 are by _!
 title exempt$ f ! sev]ities (          
criticism1 yet x may be rem>k$ 9 a few  
words t 8 hum\r is  sometimes gross1 &  
seldom sprightly4    ,( ! ,moral ,poems1
 ! fir/ is ! 8,*oice ( ,h]cules10 f     
,x5ophon4  ,! numb]s are smoo?1 !       
diction elegant1 & ! ?\ghts j2 b  some?+
 ( vig\r is /ill to be wi%$1 :i* x might
 h _h by  brevity & compression4  ,8    
8,fate ( ,delicacy0 has an air ( gaiety1
  b n a v po9t$ & g5]al moral4  ,8 blank
 v]ses1 ^? t  c read !m1 may probably   
f9d to be l ! blank v]ses ( 8           
neighb\rs4  8,love & ,hon\r0 is d]iv$ f 
! old ballad1 8,did y  n he> ( a ,spani%

 ,lady80--,i wi% x well en\gh to wi% x 7
 9  rhyme4    ,! 8,s*oolmi/ress10 ( :i* 
,i "k n :at claim x has to /&  among !  
,moral ,works1 is surely ! mo/ pleas+ ( 
,%5/one's  p]=mances4  ,! adoption ( a  
p>ticul> /yle1 9 light & %ort           
compositions1 contributes mu* to !      
increase ( pleasure3 we are  ent]ta9$ at
 once ) two imitations ( nature 9 !     
s5tim5ts1 (  ! orig9al au?or 9 ! /yle1 &
 betwe5 !m ! m9d is kept 9  p]petual    
employm5t4    ,! g5]al recomm5dation (  
,%5/one is eas9ess & simplicity2 8      
g5]al defect is want ( compreh5sion &   
v>iety4  ,_h 8 m9d be5  bett] /or$ ) k1 
:e!r he c\ld h be5 great1 ,i "k  n2 he  
c\ld c]ta9ly h be5 agreeable4           
,,"y4      ,,! foll[+ life 0 writt51 at 
my reque/1 by a g5tleman 7,mr4  ,h]b]t  
,cr(t7 :o _h bett] in=mation ?an ,i c\ld
 easily h  obta9$2 & ! public w p]haps  
wi% t ,i _h solicit$ &  obta9$ m su*    
fav\rs f him3--        8,de> ,sir1--,9  
consequ5ce ( our diff]5t conv]sations   
ab\t      au!ntic mat]ials = ! ,life (  

,"y1 ,i s5d y ! foll[+      details30-- 
,( great m5 some?+ mu/ always be said to
 gratify curiosity4  ,( !  illu/ri\s    
au?or ( ! 8,night ,?\ghts0 mu* has be5  
told ( :i*  !re nev] c\ld h be5 pro(s1 &
 little c>e appe>s to h be5  tak5 to    
tell t ( :i* pro(s1 ) little tr\ble1    
might h be5  procur$4    ,edw>d ,"y 0   
born at ,upham1 ne> ,w9*e/]1 9 ,june1   
#afha4  ,he 0  ! son ( ,edw>d ,"y1 at t 
"t ,fell[ ( ,w9*e/] ,college1 &  ,rector
 ( ,upham1 :o 0 ! son ( ,jo4 ,"y1 (     
,woodhay1 9 ,b]k%ire1  /yl$ by ,wood1   
g5tleman4  ,9 ,septemb]1 #afhb1 ! poet's
 fa!r 0  collat$ to ! preb5d ( ,gill+ham
 ,m9or1 9 ! *ur* ( ,s>um1 by  ,bi%op    
,w>d4  ,:5 ,w>d's faculties 7 impair$   
?r\gh age1 8 duties  7 necess>ily p]=m$ 
by o!rs4  ,we le>n f ,wood t1 at a      
visitation ( ,sprat's1 ,july ! #ab?1    
#afhf1 ! preb5d>y prea*$ a  ,lat9 s]mon1
 aft]w>ds publi%$1 ) :i* ! ,bi%op 0 s   
pleas$1  t he told ! *apt] he 0 conc]n$ 
to f9d ! prea*] _h "o (  ! wor/ preb5ds 
9 _! ,*ur*4  ,"s "t aft] ?is1 9         

consequ5ce  ( 8 m]it & reputation1 or ( 
! int]e/ ( ,"l ,brad=d1 to  :om1 9      
#agjb1 he d$icat$ two volumes ( s]mons1 
he 0 appo9t$  *apla9 to ,k+ ,william &  
,que5 ,m>y1 & pref]r$ to ! ,dean]y (    
,s>um4  ,jacob1 :o wrote 9 #agbj1 says1 
8he 0 ,*apla9 & ,cl]k ( !  ,closet to ! 
late ,que51 :o hon\r$ him by /&+ godmo!r
 to !  poet40  ,8 ,fell[%ip ( ,w9*e/] he
 resign$ 9 fav\r ( a g5tleman  ( ! "n ( 
,h>ris1 :o m>ri$ 8 only daught]4  ,!    
,dean di$ at  ,s>um1 aft] a %ort        
illness1 9 #agje1 9 ! sixty-?ird ye> ( 8
  age4  ,on ! ,sunday aft] 8 decease1   
,bi%op ,burnet prea*$ at !  ca!dral1 &  
began 8 s]mon ) say+1 8,dea? has be5 (  
late  walk+ r\nd u1 & mak+ brea* ^u     
brea* ^u u1 & has n[  c>ri$ away ! head 
( ?is body ) a /roke1 s t he1 :om y  saw
 a week ago di/ribut+ ! holy my/]ies1 is
 n[ laid 9 ! du/4  ,b he /ill lives 9 ! 
_m excell5t directions he has left u bo?
  h[ to live & h[ to die40    ,! dean   
plac$ 8 son ^u ! f\ndation at ,w9*e/]   
,college1 :]e  he _h himself be5        

educat$4  ,at ?is s*ool ,edw>d ,"y      
rema9$ till  ! election aft] 8 eighte5? 
bir?day1 ! p]iod at :i* ^?  ^u !        
f\ndation are sup]annuat$4  ,:e!r he did
 n betray 8  abilities e>ly 9 life1 or 8
 ma/]s _h n skill en\gh to discov]  9 _!
 pupil any m>ks ( g5ius = :i* he m]it$  
rew>d1 or no  vacancy at ,ox=d (f]$ !m  
an opportunity to be/[ ^u him !  rew>d  
provid$ = m]it by ,william ( ,wykeham2  
c]ta9 x is1 t to  an ,ox=d fell[%ip our 
poet did n succe$4  ,by *ance1 or by    
*oice1  ,new ,college _c claim ! hon\r (
 numb]+ among its fell[s him  :o wrote !
 8,night ,?\ghts40    ,on ! #ac? (      
,octob]1 #agjc1 he 0 ent]$ an indep5d5t 
memb] ( ,new  ,college1 t he might live 
at little exp5se 9 ! w>d5's lodg+s1  :o 
0 a p>ticul> fri5d ( 8 fa!r's1 till he  
%\ld be qualifi$  to /& = a fell[%ip at 
,all ,s\ls4  ,9 a few mon?s ! w>d5 (    
,new ,college di$4  ,he !n remov$ to    
,corpus ,college4  ,! presid5t (  ?is   
society1 f reg>d also = 8 fa!r1 invit$  
him ?i!r1 9  ord] to less5 8 academical 

exp5ses4  ,9 #agjh he 0 nom9at$ to a    
law-fell[%ip at ,all ,s\ls by ,ar*bi%op 
,t5ison1 into ^: h&s x  came by         
devolution4  ,su* repeat$ patronage1    
:ile x ju/ifies ,burnet's  praise ( !   
fa!r1 reflects cr$it on ! conduct ( !   
son4  ,!  mann] 9 :i* x 0 ex]t$ seems to
 prove t ! fa!r did n  leave beh9d him  
mu* weal?4    ,on ! #bcrd ( ,april1     
#agad1 ,"y took 8 degree ( ba*elor (    
civil  laws1 & 8 doctor's degree on !   
#aj? ( ,june1 #agai4  ,soon aft] he  w5t
 to ,ox=d he discov]$1 x is said1 an    
incl9ation = pupils4  ,:e!r he ev]      
comm5c$ tutor is n kn[n4  ,none has     
hi!rto boa/$  to h receiv$ 8 academical 
in/ruction f ! au?or ( 8,night          
,?\ghts40  ,x is probable t 8 ,college 0
 pr\d ( him no less z a  s*ol> ?an z a  
poet2 = 9 #agaf1 :5 ! f\ndation ( !     
,codr+ton ,libr>y 0 laid1 two ye>s aft] 
he _h tak5 8 ba*elor's  degree1 ,"y 0   
appo9t$ to speak ! ,lat9 oration4  ,?is 
is at lea/  p>ticul> = be+ d$icat$ 9    
,engli% 8,to ! ,ladies ( !  ,codr+ton   

,family40  ,to ^! ladies he says 8t he 0
 unavoidably  flung into a s+ul>ity1 by 
be+ oblig$ to write an epi/le d$icatory 
void ( commonplace1 & su* an "o 0 nev]  
publi%$ be=e by any  au?or :atev]2 t ?is
 practice absolv$ !m f any obligation ( 
read+ :at 0 pres5t$ to !m2 & t !        
booksell] approv$ (  x1 because x w\ld  
make p />e1 0 absurd en\gh & p]fectly   
"r40  ,( ?is oration !re is no appe>ance
 9 8 own edition ( 8  works2 & prefix$  
to an edition by ,curll & ,tonson1 9    
#agda1 is a  lett] f ,"y to ,curll1 if  
we may cr$it ,curll1 dat$ ,decemb] !    
#i?1 #agci1 :]e9 he says t he has n     
leisure to review :at he  =m]ly wrote1 &
 adds1 8,i h n ! #8,epi/le to ,"l       
,lansd[ne4'  ,if y w take my advice1 ,i 
w\ld h y omit t1 & ! oration  on        
,codr+ton4  ,i ?9k ! collection w sell  
bett] )\t !m40    ,!re are :o relate t1 
:5 fir/ ,"y f\nd himself indep5d5t1  & 8
 own ma/] at ,all ,s\ls1 he 0 n !       
ornam5t to religion &  morality :i* he  
aft]w>ds became4  ,! au?ority ( 8 fa!r1 

inde$1 _h ceas$1 "s "t be=e1 by 8 dea?2 
& ,"y 0  c]ta9ly n a%am$ to be patronis$
 by ! infam\s ,:>ton4  ,b  ,:>ton       
befri5d$ 9 ,"y1 p]haps1 ! poet1 &       
p>ticul>ly !  trag$ian4  ,if virtu\s    
au?ors mu/ be patronis$ only by virtu\s 
pe]s1 :o %all po9t !m out8  ,yet ,pope  
is said by ,ruffhead to h  told         
,w>burton t 8,"y _h mu* ( a sublime     
g5ius1 ?\gh )\t  common s5se2 s t 8     
g5ius1 hav+ no guide1 0 p]petually      
liable  to deg5]ate into bomba/4  ,?is  
made him pass a fooli% y\?1 !  sport (  
pe]s & poets3 b 8 hav+ a v good he>t    
enabl$ him to  support ! cl]ical "* :5  
he assum$ x1 fir/ ) dec5cy1  & aft]w>ds 
) hon\r40    ,!y :o ?9k ill ( ,"y's     
morality 9 ! e>ly "p ( 8 life may       
p]haps be wrong2 b ,t9dal c\ld n err 9 8
 op9ion ( ,"y's  w>m? & ability 9 !     
cause ( religion4  ,t9dal us$ to sp5d   
mu*  ( 8 "t at ,all ,s\ls4  8,! o!r     
boys10 said ! a!i/1 8,i c  always answ]1
 because ,i always "k :5ce !y h _!      
argum5ts1  :i* ,i h read a hundr$ times2

 b t fell[ ,"y is cont9ually  pe/]+ me )
 some?+ ( 8 own40    ,aft] all1 ,t9dal &
 ! c5sur]s ( ,"y may be reconcilable4   
,"y  might1 = two or ?ree ye>s1 h tri$ t
 k9d ( life1 9 :i* 8  natural pr9ciples 
w\ld n suff] him to wall[ long4  ,if ?is
 7 s1  he has left beh9d him n only 8   
evid5ce 9 fav\r ( virtue1 b !  pot5t    
te/imony ( exp]i5ce aga9/ vice4  ,we    
%all soon see t "o  ( 8 e>lie/          
productions 0 m s]i\s ?an :at comes f ! 
g5]ality ( unfl$g$ poets4    ,"y p]haps 
ascrib$ ! good =tune ( ,addison to !    
8,poem to 8  ,maje/y10 pres5t$ ) a copy 
( v]ses1 to ,som]s3 & hop$ t he  also   
might so> to weal? & hon\rs on w+s ( !  
same k9d4  ,8  fir/ poetical flight 0 :5
 ,que5 ,anne call$ up to ! ,h\se (      
,lords  ! sons ( ! ,e>ls ( ,nor?ampton &
 ,aylesbury1 & add$1 9 "o  day1 t5 o!rs 
to ! numb] ( ,pe]s4  ,9 ord] to         
reconcile ! p  to "o1 at lea/1 ( ! new  
lords1 he publi%$1 9 #agab1 8,an ,epi/le
 to  ! ,"r ,hon\rable ,george ,"l       
,lansd[ne40  ,9 ?is composition !  poet 

p\rs out 8 panegyric ) ! extravagance ( 
a "y man1 :o  ?9ks 8 pres5t /ock ( weal?
 w nev] be exhau/$4  ,! poem  seems     
int5d$ also to reconcile ! public to !  
late peace4  ,?is is  endeav\r$ to be   
done by %[+ t m5 are sla9 9 w>1 & t 9   
peace 8h>ve/s wave1 & comm]ce swells h] 
sail40  ,if ?is be  humanity1 = :i* he  
meant x1 is x politics8  ,ano!r purpose 
( ?is  epi/le appe>s to h be5 to prep>e 
! public = ! reception (  "s trag$y he  
might h 9 h&4  ,8 lord%ip's patronage1  
he says1  w n let him 8rep5t 8 passion =
 ! /age20 & ! p>ticul>  praise be/[$ on 
,o!llo & ,oroonoko looks z if "s su*  "*
 z ,zanga 0 ev5 !n 9 contemplation4  ,! 
affectionate  m5tion ( ! dea? ( 8 fri5d 
,h>rison ( ,new ,college1 at ! close  ( 
?is poem1 is an in/ance ( ,"y's art1 :i*
 display$ itself s  wond]fully "s "t    
aft]w>ds 9 ! 8,night ,?\ghts10 ( mak+ ! 
public a p>ty 9 8 private sorr[4  ,%\ld 
ju/ice call ^u y to  c5sure ?is poem1 x 
ought at lea/ to be rememb]$ t he did n 
ins]t x 9 8 works2 & t 9 ! lett] to     

,curll1 z we h se51  he advises its     
omission4  ,! booksell]s1 9 ! late body 
( ,engli%  poetry1 %\ld h di/+ui%$ :at 0
 delib]ately reject$ by !  respective   
au?ors4  ,?is ,i %all be c>eful to d )  
reg>d to ,"y4  8,i ?9k10 says he1 8!    
foll[+ pieces 9 f\r volumes to be !  mo/
 excusable ( all t ,i h writt52 & ,i wi%
 less apology 0  less ne$ful = ^!4  ,z  
!re is no recall+ :at is got abroad1 !  
pieces "h republi%$ ,i h revis$ &       
correct$1 & r5d]$ !m  z p>donable z x 0 
9 my p[] to d40    ,%all ! gates (      
rep5tance be %ut only aga9/ lit]>y      
s9n]s8    ,:5 ,addison publi%$ 8,cato0 9
 #agac1 ,"y _h ! hon\r ( prefix+  to x a
 recomm5datory copy ( v]ses4  ,?is is "o
 ( ! pieces :i*  ! au?or ( ! 8,night    
,?\ghts0 did n republi%4    ,on !       
appe>ance ( 8 poem on ! 8,la/ ,day10    
,addison did n return  ,"y's complim5t2 
b 8,! ,engli%man0 ( ,octob] #bi1 #agac1 
:i* 0  probably writt5 by ,addison1     
speaks h&somely ( ?is poem4  ,! 8,la/   
,day0 0 publi%$ soon aft] ! peace4  ,!  

,vice-,*ancellor's  imprimatur 7= x 0   
pr9t$ at ,ox=d7 is dat$ ! #ai?1 #agac4  
,f ! exordium1 ,"y appe>s to h sp5t "s  
"t on !  composition ( x4  ,:ile o!r    
b>ds 8) ,brita9's h]o set _!  s\ls on   
fire10 he draws1 he says1 a deep] sc5e4 
,m>lbor\gh _h  be5 consid]$ by ,brita9 z
 h] h]o2 b1 :5 ! 8,la/ ,day0 0  publi%$1
 female cabal _h bla/$ = a "t ! laurels 
( ,bl5heim4  ,?is s]i\s poem 0 f9i%$ by 
,"y z e>ly z #agaj1 be=e he 0  ?irty2 = 
"p ( x is pr9t$ 9 ! ,tatl]4  ,x 0       
inscrib$ to  ! que51 9 a d$ication1 :i*1
 = "s reason1 he did n admit into  8    
works4  ,x tells h] t 8 only title to ! 
great hon\r he n[  does himself is !    
obligation :i* he =m]ly receiv$ f h]    
royal  indulg5ce4  ,( ?is obligation    
no?+ is n[ kn[n1 unless he allud$  to h]
 be+ 8 godmo!r4  ,he is said inde$ to h 
be5 engag$ at a  settl$ /ip5d z a writ] 
= ! ,c\rt4  ,9 ,swift's 8,rhapsody on   
,poetry0 are ^! l9es1 speak+ ( !        
,c\rt3--        8,:5ce ,gay 0 bani%$ 9  
disgrace1      ,:]e ,pope w nev] %[ 8   

face1      ,:]e ,y-- mu/ torture 8      
inv5tion      ,to flatt] knaves1 or lose
 8 p5sion40    ,t ,y-- means ,"y seems  
cle> f f\r o!r l9es 9 ! same poem3--    
8,att5d1 ye ,popes1 & ,y\ngs1 & ,gays1  
,& tune y\r h>ps & /rew y\r bays2       
,y\r panegyrics "h provide2      ,y _c  
err on flatt]y's side40    ,yet :o %all 
say ) c]ta9ty t ,"y 0 a p5sion]8  ,9 all
  mod]n p]iods ( ?is c\ntry1 h n !      
writ]s on "o side be5  regul>ly call$   
,hirel+s1 & on ! o!r ,patriots8    ,( ! 
d$ication ! complexion is cle>ly        
political4  ,x speaks 9 !  highe/ t]ms (
 ! late peace2 x gives h] ,maje/y praise
 inde$ =  h] victories1 b says t ! au?or
 is m pleas$ to see h] rise  f ?is l[]  
_w1 so>+ above ! cl\ds1 pass+ ! fir/ &  
second heav5s1 & leav+ ! fix$ />s beh9d 
h]2 nor w he lose  h] !re1 he says1 b   
keep h] /ill 9 view ?r\gh ! b\ndless    
spaces on ! o!r side ( creation1 9 h]   
j\rney t[>ds et]nal  bliss1 till he     
behold ! heav5 ( heav5s op51 & angels   
receiv+  & convey+ h] /ill onw>d f !    

/ret* ( 8 imag9ation1 :i*  tires 9 h]   
pursuit1 & falls back aga9 to e>?4    ,!
 que5 0 soon call$ away f ?is l[] _w1 to
 a place :]e  human praise or human     
flatt]y1 ev5 less g5]al ?an ?is1 are (  
little consequ5ce4  ,if ,"y ?\ght !     
d$ication conta9$ only !  praise ( tru?1
 he %\ld n h omitt$ x 9 8 works4  ,0 he 
consci\s ( ! exagg]ation ( p>ty8  ,!n he
 %\ld n h writt5  x4  ,! poem itself is 
n )\t a glance t[>ds politics1  not)/&+ 
! subject4  ,! cry t ! ,*ur* 0 9 dang]  
_h  n yet subsid$4  ,! 8,la/ ,day10     
writt5 by a layman1 0 mu* approv$  by ! 
m9i/ry & _! fri5ds4    ,be=e ! que5's   
dea?1 8,! ,=ce ( ,religion1 or ,vanqui%$
 ,love10  0 s5t into ! _w4  ,?is poem is
 f\nd$ on ! execution ( ,lady  ,jane    
,grey & h] husb&1 ,"l ,guild=d1 #aeed1 a
 /ory *os5 = !  subject ( a trag$y by   
,edmund ,smi?1 & wr\ght into a trag$y by
 ,r[e4  ,! d$ication ( x to ! ,c\ntess (
 ,salisbury does n appe> 9 8  own       
edition4  ,he hopes x may be "s excuse =
 8 presumption t !  /ory c\ld n h be5   

read )\t ?\ghts ( ! ,c\ntess (          
,salisbury1 ?\gh x _h be5 d$icat$ to    
ano!r4  8,to behold10 he  proce$s1 8a   
p]son only virtu\s1 /irs 9 u a prud5t   
regret2 to  behold a p]son only amiable 
to ! sight1 w>ms u ) a religi\s         
indignation2 b to turn our eyes to a    
,c\ntess ( ,salisbury1 gives u  pleasure
 & improvem5t2 x works a sort ( miracle1
 occasions ! bias  ( our nature to fall 
(f f s91 & makes our v s5ses &          
affections conv]ts to our religion1 &   
promot]s ( our duty40  ,8  flatt]y 0 z  
ready = ! o!r sex z = ours1 & 0 at lea/ 
z  well adapt$4    ,augu/ ! #bg?1 #agad1
 ,pope writes to 8 fri5d ,j]vas1 t he is
 j  arriv$ f ,ox=d2 t e "o is mu*       
conc]n$ = ! que5's  dea?1 b t no        
panegyrics are ready yet = ! k+4  ,no?+ 
l  fri5d%ip has yet tak5 place betwe5   
,pope & ,"y1 =1 soon aft]  ! ev5t :i*   
,pope m5tions1 ,"y publi%$ a poem on !  
que5's  dea?1 & 8 ,maje/y's accession to
 ! ?rone4  ,x is inscrib$ to  ,addison1 
!n secret>y to ! ,lords ,ju/ices4       

,:atev] 7 !  obligations :i* he _h =m]ly
 receiv$ f ,anne1 ! poet appe>s to  aim 
at some?+ ( ! same sort f ,george4  ,( !
 poem ! int5tion  seems to h be51 to %[ 
t he _h ! same extravagant /ra9 (       
praise = a k+ z = a que54  ,to discov]1 
at ! v onset ( a  =eign]'s reign1 t !   
gods bless 8 new subjects 9 su* a k+ is 
some?+ m ?an praise4  ,nei!r 0 ?is deem$
 "o ( 8 excusable  pieces4  ,we d n f9d 
x 9 8 works4    ,"y's fa!r _h be5 well  
acqua9t$ ) ,lady ,anne ,:>ton1 ! fir/   
wife ( ,?omas ,:>ton1 ,esq41 aft]w>ds   
,m>quis ( ,:>ton2 a lady  celebrat$ = h]
 poetical tal5ts by ,burnet & by ,wall]4
    ,to ! ,dean ( ,s>um's visitation    
s]mon1 already m5tion$1 7 add$  "s v]ses
 8by t excell5t poetess1 ,mrs4 ,anne    
,:>ton10 ^u its  be+ translat$ into     
,engli%1 at ! in/ance ( ,wall] by       
,atwood4  ,:>ton1 aft] he became        
ennobl$1 did n drop ! son ( 8 old       
fri5d4  ,9 him1 dur+ ! %ort "t he liv$1 
,"y f\nd a patron1  & 9 8 dissolute     
desc5dant a fri5d & a companion4  ,!    

m>quis  di$ 9 ,april1 #agae4  ,9 !      
beg9n+ ( ! next ye>1 ! "y  m>quis set   
out ^u 8 travels1 f :i* he return$ 9    
ab\t a  twelvemon?4  ,! beg9n+ ( #agag  
c>ri$ him to ,irel&3 :]e1 says  !       
,biographia1 8on ! score ( 8 extraord9>y
 qualities1 he _h !  hon\r done him (   
be+ admitt$1 ?\gh "u age1 to take 8 seat
 9  ! ,h\se ( ,lords40  ,) ?is unhappy  
"* x is n unlikely t  ,"y w5t to ,irel&4
  ,f 8 lett] to ,ri*>dson on 8,orig9al  
,composition10 x is cle> he 01 at "s    
p]iod ( 8 life1 9 t  c\ntry4  8,i       
rememb]10 says he1 9 t lett]1 speak+ (  
,swift1 8z ,i  & o!rs 7 tak+ ) him an   
ev5+ walk1 ab\t a mile out (  ,dubl91 he
 /opp$ %ort2 we pass$ on2 b p]ceiv+ he  
did n foll[  u1 ,i w5t back1 & f\nd him 
fix$ z a /atue1 & e>ne/ly gaz+  upw>d at
 a noble elm1 :i* 9 its upp]mo/ bran*es 
0 mu* )]$  & decay$4  ,po9t+ at x1 he   
said1 #8,i %all be l t tree1 ,i  %all   
die at top4'0  ,is x n probable1 t ?is  
visit to ,irel& 0  paid :5 he _h an     
opportunity ( go+ ?i!r ) 8 av[$ fri5d  &

 patron8    ,f 8,! ,engli%man0 x appe>s 
t a trag$y by ,"y 0 9 !  !atre s e>ly z 
#agac4  ,yet ,busiris 0 n br\ght ^u     
,drury ,lane  /age till #agai4  ,x 0    
inscrib$ to ! ,duke ( ,newca/le1        
8because !  late in/ances he _h receiv$ 
( 8 grace's undes]v$ & uncommon  fav\r1 
9 an affair ( "s consequ5ce1 =eign to ! 
!atre1 _h  tak5 f him ! privilege (     
*oos+ a patron40  ,! ,d$ication he      
aft]w>ds suppress$4    ,busiris 0 foll[$
 9 ! ye> #agba by ,! ,rev5ge4  ,he      
d$icat$  ?is fam\s trag$y to ! ,duke (  
,:>ton4  8,y\r ,grace10 says !          
,d$ication1 8has be5 pleas$ to make     
y\rself accessory to ! foll[+  sc5es1 n 
only by sugge/+ ! mo/ beautiful incid5t 
9 !m1 b  by mak+ all possible provision 
= ! success ( ! :ole40  ,t 8  grace %\ld
 h sugge/$ ! incid5t to :i* he alludes1 
:atev]  t incid5t might h be51 is n     
unlikely4  ,! la/ m5tal ex]tion  ( !    
sup]annuat$ "y man1 9 8 qu>t]s at       
,l]ida1 9 ,spa91 0  "s sc5es ( a trag$y 
on ! /ory ( ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots4        

,dryd5 d$icat$ 8,m>riage a la ,mode0 to 
,:>ton's infam\s relation  ,ro*e/]1 :om 
he ackn[l$ges n only z ! def5d] ( 8     
poetry1  b z ! promot] ( 8 =tune4  ,"y  
concludes 8 address to  ,:>ton ?us--8,my
 pres5t =tune is 8 b\nty1 & my future 8 
c>e2  :i* ,i w v5ture to say w be always
 rememb]$ to 8 hon\r1  s9ce he1 ,i "k1  
int5d$ 8 g5]osity z an enc\ragem5t to   
m]it1  ?\gh ?r\gh 8 v p>donable         
p>tiality to "o :o be>s him s  s9c]e a  
duty & respect1 ,i happ5 to receive !   
b5efit ( x40  ,t  he ev] _h su* a patron
 z ,:>ton1 ,"y took all ! pa9s 9 8  p[] 
to conceal f ! _w1 by exclud+ ?is       
d$ication f 8  works4  ,he %\ld h       
rememb]$ t he at ! same "t conceal$ 8   
obligation to ,:>ton = ! mo/ beautiful  
incid5t 9 :at is surely  n 8 lea/       
beautiful composition4  ,! passage j    
quot$ is1 9 a  poem aft]w>ds address$ to
 ,walpole1 lit]ally copi$3        8,be  
?is ?y p>tial smile f c5sure free6      
',twas meant = m]it1 ?\gh x fell on me40
    ,:ile ,"y1 :o1 9 8 8,love ( ,fame10 

compla9s griev\sly h[ (t5  8d$ications  
wa% an ?iop :ite10 0 pa9t+ an amiable   
,duke (  ,:>ton 9 p]i%able prose1 ,pope 
01 p]haps1 beg9n+ to describe !  8scorn 
& wond] ( 8 days0 9 la/+ v]se4  ,to !   
patronage (  su* a "*1 _h ,"y /udi$ m5 z
 mu* z ,pope1 he w\ld h  kn[n h[ little 
to h tru/$4  ,"y1 h[ev]1 0 c]ta9ly      
indebt$  to x = some?+ mat]ial2 & !     
duke's reg>d = ,"y1 add$ to  8 lu/ (    
praise1 procur$ to ,all ,s\ls ,college a
 donation1 :i* 0  n =gott5 by ! poet :5 
he d$icat$ ,! ,rev5ge4    ,x w surprise 
y to see me cite second ,atk9s1 ,case   
#acf1 ,/iles  v]sus ! ,attorney-,g5]al1 
,m>* #ad1 #agdj1 z au?ority = ! life  ( 
a poet4  ,b biograph]s d n always f9d   
su* c]ta9 guides z !  oa?s ( ! p]sons   
:om !y record4  ,*ancellor ,h>dwicke 0  
to  det]m9e :e!r two annuities1 grant$  
by ! ,duke ( ,:>ton to ,"y1  7 = legal  
consid]ations4  ,"o 0 dat$ ! #bd? ,m>*1 
#agai1 &  acc\nt$ = 8 grace's b\nty 9 a 
/yle pr9cely & comm5dable1 if  n        
legal--8consid]+ t ! public good is     

advanc$ by !  enc\ragem5t ( le>n+ & !   
polite arts1 & be+ pleas$ !re9  ) !     
attempts ( ,dr4 ,"y1 9 consid]ation     
!re(1 & ( ! love  ,i be> him1 c40  ,!   
o!r 0 dat$ ! #aj? ( ,july1 #agbb4       
,"y1 on 8 exam9ation1 swore t he quitt$ 
! ,exet] family1 &  refus$ an annuity ( 
#ajj :i* _h be5 (f]$ him = life if he   
w\ld cont9ue tutor to ,"l ,burleigh1 ^u 
! press+ solicitations (  ! ,duke (     
,:>ton1 & 8 grace's assurances ( provid+
 = him 9 a  mu* m ample mann]4  ,x also 
appe>$ t ! duke _h giv5 him a  bond =   
#fjj dat$ ! #ae? ( ,m>*1 #agba1 9       
consid]ation ( 8  tak+ sev]al j\rneys1 &
 be+ at great exp5ses1 9 ord] to be     
*os5 memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 at !   
duke's desire1 & 9  consid]ation ( 8 n  
tak+ two liv+s ( #bjj & #djj 9 ! gift  (
 ,all ,s\ls ,college1 on 8 grace's      
promises ( s]v+ & advanc+  him 9 ! _w4  
,( 8 adv5tures 9 ! ,exet] family ,i am  
unable to give any acc\nt4  ,! attempt  
to get into ,p>liam5t 0 at ,cir5ce/]1   
:]e ,"y /ood  a conte/$ election4  ,8   

grace discov]$ 9 him tal5ts = oratory z 
well z = poetry4  ,nor 0 ?is judgm5t    
wrong4  ,"y1 aft] he took  ord]s1 became
 a v popul> prea*]1 & 0 mu* foll[$ = !  
grace & animation ( 8 deliv]y4  ,by 8   
oratorical tal5ts he 0  once 9 8 life1  
accord+ to ! ,biographia1 des]t$4  ,z he
 0  prea*+ 9 8 turn at ,/4 ,james's1 he 
pla9ly p]ceiv$ x 0 out (  8 p[] to comm&
 ! att5tion ( 8 audi5ce4  ,?is s affect$
 !  feel+s ( ! prea*]1 t he sat back 9 !
 pulpit1 & bur/ into  te>s4  ,b we mu/  
pursue 8 poetical life4    ,9 #agai he  
lam5t$ ! dea? ( ,addison1 9 a lett]     
address$ to _!  common fri5d ,tickell4  
,= ! secret hi/ory ( ! foll[+ l9es1 if  
!y conta9 any1 x is n[ va9 to seek3     
8,9 joy once jo9$1 9 sorr[1 n[1 = ye>s--
      ,p>tn] 9 grief1 & bro!r ( my te>s1
      ,tickell1 accept ?is v]se1 ?y     
m\rnful due40    ,f y\r acc\nt (        
,tickell x appe>s t he & ,"y us$ to     
8communicate to ea* o!r :atev] v]ses !y 
wrote1 ev5 to ! lea/  ?+s40    ,9 #agai 
appe>$ a 8,p>aphrase on ,"p ( ! ,book ( 

,job40  ,p>k]1 to  :om x is d$icat$1 _h 
n long1 by means ( ! seals1 be5 qualifi$
  = a patron4  ,( ?is "w ! au?or's      
op9ion may be kn[n f 8  lett] to ,curll3
 8,y seem1 9 ! ,collection y propose1 to
 h  omitt$ :at ,i ?9k may claim ! fir/  
place 9 x2 ,i mean #8a  ,translation f  
"p ( ,job1' pr9t$ by ,mr4 ,tonson40  ,! 
,d$ication1  :i* 0 only suff]$ to appe> 
9 ,mr4 ,tonson's edition1 :ile x  speaks
 ) satisfaction ( 8 pres5t retirem5t1   
seems to make an  unusual /ruggle to    
escape f retirem5t4  ,b e "o :o s+s 9  !
 d>k does n s+ f joy4  ,x is address$1 9
 no common /ra9 (  flatt]y1 to a        
*ancellor1 ( :om he cle>ly appe>s to h  
_h no k9d  ( k4    ,( 8 ,satires x w\ld 
n h be5 possible to fix ! dates )\t  !  
assi/ance ( fir/ editions1 :i*1 z y _h  
occasion to obs]ve  9 y\r acc\nt (      
,dryd51 are ) difficulty f\nd4  ,we mu/ 
!n h  ref]r$ to ! poems1 to discov] :5  
!y 7 writt54  ,= ^!  int]nal notes ( "t 
we %\ld n h ref]r$ 9 va94  ,! fir/      
,satire lam5ts1 t 8,guilt's *ief foe 9  

,addison is fl$40  ,! second1  address+ 
himself1 asks3--        8,is ?y ambition
 sweat+ = a rhyme1      ,?\ unambiti\s  
fool1 at ?is late "t8      ,a fool at   
=ty is a fool inde$40    ,! ,satires 7  
orig9ally publi%$ sep>ately 9 folio1 "u 
!  title ( 8,! ,univ]sal ,passion40  ,^!
 passages fix ! appe>ance (  ! fir/ to  
ab\t #agbe1 ! "t at :i* x came out4  ,z 
,"y seldom  suff]$ 8 p5 to dry aft] he  
_h once dipp$ x 9 poetry1 we may        
conclude t he began 8 ,satires soon aft]
 he _h writt5 !  8,p>aphrase on ,job40  
,! la/ ,satire 0 c]ta9ly f9i%$ 9 !      
beg9n+ ( ! ye> #agbf4  ,9 ,decemb]1     
#agbe1 ! ,k+1 9 8 passage  f            
,helvoetsluys1 escap$ ) great difficulty
 f a /orm by l&+  at ,rye2 & !          
conclusion ( ! ,satire turns ! escape   
into a miracle1  9 su* an encomia/ic    
/ra9 ( complim5t z poetry too (t5 seeks 
to  pay to royalty4  ,f ! six? ( ^!     
poems we le>n1        8',mid/ empire's  
*>ms1 h[ ,c>ol9a's he>t      ,gl[$ ) !  
love ( virtue & ( art40    ,s9ce !      

grateful poet tells u1 9 ! next c\plet1 
8,h] fav\r is diffus$ to t degree1      
,excess ( goodness6 x has dawn$ on me40 
,h] ,maje/y _h /ood godmo!r1 & giv5 h]  
"n1 to ! daught] (  ! lady :om ,"y m>ri$
 9 #agca2 & _h p]haps %[n "s att5tion   
to ,lady ,elizabe?'s future husb&4    ,!
 fif? ,satire1 8,on ,wom510 0 n publi%$ 
till #agbg2 & ! six?  n till #agbh4     
,to ^! poems1 :51 9 #agbh1 he ga!r$ !m  
into "o publication1 he  prefix$ a      
,preface1 9 :i* he obs]ves t 8no man c  
conv]se mu*  9 ! _w1 b at :at he meets )
 he mu/ ei!r be ins5sible or  grieve1 or
 be angry or smile4  ,n[ to smile at x1 
& turn x into  ridicule10 he adds1 8,i  
?9k mo/ eligible1 z x hurts ourselves   
lea/1  & gives vice & folly ! greate/   
(f5ce4  ,laugh+ at !  misconduct ( ! _w 
w1 9 a great measure1 ease u ( any m    
disagreeable passion ab\t x4  ,"o       
passion is m effectually driv5  out by  
ano!r ?an by reason1 :atev] "s tea*40   
,s wrote1 & s (  c\rse ?\ght1 ! lively &
 witty satiri/ at ! grave age ( almo/   

fifty1 :o1 _m ye>s e>li] 9 life1 wrote !
 8,la/ ,day40  ,aft] all1  ,swift       
pron\nc$ ( ^! ,satires1 t !y %\ld ei!r h
 be5 m  angry or m m]ry4    ,is x n     
some:at s+ul> t ,"y pres]v$1 )\t any    
palliation1  ?is ,preface1 s bluntly    
decisive 9 fav\r ( laugh+ at ! _w1 9  ! 
same collection ( 8 works :i* conta9s ! 
m\rnful1 angry1  gloomy 8,night         
,?\ghts60  ,at ! conclusion ( ! ,preface
 he applies  ,plato's beautiful fable ( 
! 8,bir? ( ,love0 to mod]n poetry1 ) !  
addition1 8t ,poetry1 l ,love1 is a     
little subject to bl9dness1  :i* makes  
h] mi/ake h] way to pref]m5ts & hon\rs2 
& t %e  reta9s a dutiful admiration ( h]
 fa!r's family2 b divides h]  fav\rs1 & 
g5]ally lives ) h] "m's relations40     
,poetry1 x is  true1 did n lead ,"y to  
pref]m5ts or to hon\rs2 b 0 !re n       
some?+ l bl9dness 9 ! flatt]y :i* he    
sometimes =c$ h]1  & h] si/] ,prose1 to 
utt]8  ,%e 0 always1 inde$1 taught by   
him to  ent]ta9 a mo/ dutiful admiration
 ( ri*es2 b surely ,"y1 ?\gh  ne>ly     

relat$ to ,poetry1 _h no connection ) h]
 :om ,plato makes !  "m ( ,love4  ,t he 
c\ld n well compla9 ( be+ relat$ to     
,pov]ty appe>s cle>ly f ! frequ5t       
b\nties :i* 8 gratitude  records1 & f ! 
weal? :i* he left beh9d him4  ,by 8,!   
,univ]sal  ,passion0 he acquir$ no vulg>
 =tune--m ?an ?ree ?\s& p\nds4  ,a      
consid]able sum _h already be5 swall[$  
up 9 ! ,s\? ,sea4  ,=  ?is loss he took 
! v5geance ( an au?or4  ,8 ,muse makes  
poetical  use m ?an once ( a ,s\? ,sea  
,dream4    ,x is relat$ by ,mr4 ,sp5ce1 
9 8 8,manuscript ,anecdotes10 on !      
au?ority ( ,mr4 ,rawl9son1 t ,"y1 ^u !  
publication ( 8  8,univ]sal ,passion10  
receiv$ f ! ,duke ( ,grafton two ?\s&   
p\nds2 & t1 :5 "o ( 8 fri5ds exclaim$1  
8,two ?\s& p\nds  = a poem60 he said x 0
 ! be/ b>ga9 he ev] made 9 8 life1  = ! 
poem 0 wor? f\r ?\s&4  ,?is /ory may be 
true2 b x  seems to h be5 rais$ f ! two 
answ]s ( ,"l ,burghley & ,sir  ,philip  
,sidney 9 ,sp5s]'s ,life4    ,aft]      
inscrib+ 8 ,satires1 n p]haps )\t !     

hopes (  pref]m5ts & hon\rs1 to su*     
names z ! ,duke ( ,dorset1 ,mr4         
,dod+ton1 ,mr4 ,sp5c] ,compton1 ,lady   
,elizabe? ,g]ma91 & ,sir ,rob]t         
,walpole1 he returns to pla9 panegyric4 
,9 #agbf he address$ a poem to  ,sir    
,rob]t ,walpole1 ( :i* ! title          
suffici5tly expla9s !  int5tion4  ,if   
,"y mu/ be ackn[l$g$ a ready celebrator1
 he did n  endeav\r1 or did n *oose1 to 
be a la/+ "o4  8,! ,in/alm5t0 is  among 
! pieces he did n admit into ! numb] ( 8
 excusable  writ+s4  ,yet x conta9s a   
c\plet :i* pret5ds to pant aft] !  p[] (
 be/[+ immortality3--        8,oh6 h[ ,i
 long1 enk9dl$ by ! !me1      ,9 deep   
et]nity to laun* ?y "n60    ,! b\nty ( !
 =m] reign seems to h be5 cont9u$1      
possibly  increas$1 9 ?is4  ,:atev] x   
might h be51 ! poet ?\ght he  des]v$ x2 
= he 0 n a%am$ to ackn[l$ge :at1 )\t 8  
ackn[l$gm5t1 w\ld n[ p]haps nev] h be5  
kn[n3--        8,my brea/1 ,o ,walpole1 
gl[s ) grateful fire4      ,! /reams (  
royal b\nty1 turn$ by !e1      ,refre% !

 dry rema9s ( poesy40    ,if ! purity ( 
mod]n patriotism w t]m ,"y a p5sion]1 x 
mu/  at lea/ be confess$ he 0 a grateful
 "o4    ,! reign ( ! new mon>* 0 u%]$ 9 
by ,"y ) 8,ocean1 an  ,ode40  ,! h9t ( x
 0 tak5 f ! royal spee*1 :i* recomm5d$  
! increase & ! enc\ragem5t ( ! seam52 t 
!y might be  8invit$1 r ?an compell$ by 
=ce & viol5ce1 to ent] into !  s]vice ( 
_! c\ntry0--a plan :i* humanity mu/     
lam5t t policy  has n ev5 yet be5 able1 
or will+1 to c>ry into execution4       
,prefix$ to ! orig9al publication 7 an  
8,ode to ! ,k+1 ,pat]  ,patri10 & an    
8,essay on ,lyric ,poetry40  ,x is b    
ju/ice to confess  t he pres]v$ nei!r ( 
!m2 & t ! ,ode itself1 :i* 9 !  fir/    
edition1 & 9 ! la/1 consi/s (           
sev5ty-?ree /anzas1 9 !  au?or's own    
edition is r$uc$ to =ty-n9e4  ,among !  
omitt$  passages is a 8,wi%10 t conclud$
 ! poem1 :i* few w\ld h  suspect$ ,"y ( 
=m+2 & ( :i* few1 aft] hav+ =m$ x1  w\ld
 confess some?+ l _! %ame by            
suppression4  ,x /ood  orig9ally s high 

9 ! au?or's op9ion1 t he entitl$ ! poem1
  8,ocean1 an ,ode4  ,conclud+ ) a      
,wi%40  ,?is wi% consi/s ( ?irte5       
/anzas4  ,! fir/ runs ?us3--            
8,o may ,i /eal            ,along ! vale
      ,( humble life1 secure f foes6    
,my fri5d s9c]e1            ,my judgm5t 
cle>1      ,& g5tle bus9ess my repose60 
,! ?ree la/ /anzas are n m rem>kable = j
 rhymes2 b1  altoge!r1 !y w make r a    
curi\s page 9 ! life ( ,"y3--           
8,prophetic s*emes1            ,& gold5 
dreams1      ,may ,i1 unsangu9e1 ca/    
away6            ,h :at ,i h1           
,& live1 n leave1      ,enam\r$ ( !     
pres5t day6              8,my h\rs my   
own6            ,my faults unkn[n6      
,my *ief rev5ue 9 cont5t6            ,!n
 leave "o beam            ,( hone/ fame6
      ,& scorn ! lab\r$ monum5t6        
8,unhurt my urn            ,till t great
 ,,turn      ,:5 mighty ,nature's self  
%all die1            ,"t cease to glide1
            ,) human pride1      ,sunk 9
 ! ocean ( et]nity60    ,x is :imsical t

 he1 :o 0 soon to bid adieu to rhyme1   
%\ld fix  ^u a measure 9 :i* rhyme      
ab\nds ev5 to satiety4  ,( ?is he said1 
9 8 8,essay on ,lyric ,poetry10 prefix$ 
to ! poem--8,= ! m  h>mony likewise ,i  
*ose ! frequ5t return ( rhyme1 :i* laid 
me  "u great difficulties4  ,b          
difficulties ov]come give grace &       
pleasure4  ,nor c ,i acc\nt = ! pleasure
 ( rhyme 9 g5]al 7(  :i* ! mod]ns are   
too fond7 b f ?is tru?40  ,yet ! mod]ns 
surely des]ve n mu* c5sure = _! fondness
 ( :at1 by _! own  confession1 af=ds    
pleasure1 & ab\nds 9 h>mony4  ,! next   
p>agraph  9 8 ,essay did n occur to him 
:5 he talk$ ( 8t great turn0 9  ! /anza 
j quot$4  8,b !n ! writ] mu/ take c>e t 
!  difficulty is ov]come4  ,t is1 he mu/
 make rhyme consi/5t ) z  p]fect s5se & 
expression z c\ld be expect$ if he 0    
p]fectly  free f t %ackle40  ,ano!r "p (
 ?is ,essay w convict !  foll[+ /anza ( 
:at e read] w discov] 9 x 8involunt>y   
burlesque3--              8,! nor!rn    
bla/1            ,! %att]$ ma/1      ,! 

syrt1 ! :irlpool1 & ! rock1             
,! break+ sp\t1            ,! />s gone  
out1      ,! boil+ /rait1 ! mon/]'s     
%ock40    ,b w\ld ! ,engli% poets fill q
 s _m volumes if all _!  productions 7  
to be tri$1 l ?is1 by an elaborate essay
 on ea*  p>ticul> species ( poetry ( :i*
 !y exhibit specim5s8    ,if ,"y be n a 
lyric poet1 he is at lea/ a critic 9 t  
sort (  poetry2 &1 if 8 lyric poetry c  
be prov$ bad1 x 0 fir/ prov$  s by 8 own
 criticism4  ,?is surely is c&id4       
,milb\rne 0 /yl$ by ,pope 8! faire/ (   
critics10 only because he  exhibit$ 8   
own v]sion ( 8,virgil0 to be comp>$ )   
,dryd5's1 :i*  he condemn$1 & ) :i* e   
read] _h x n o!rwise 9 8  p[] to comp>e 
x4  ,"y 0 surely n ! mo/ unfair ( poets 
=  prefix+ to a lyric composition an    
8,essay on ,lyric ,poetry10 s j &       
imp>tial z to condemn himself4    ,we   
%all soon come to a "w1 be=e :i* we f9d 
inde$ no critical  essay1 b :i* disda9s 
to %r9k f ! t\*/one ( ! sev]e/  critic2 
& :i* c]ta9ly1 z ,i rememb] to h he>d y 

say1 if x  conta9s "s ( ! wor/1 conta9s 
also "s ( ! be/ ?+s 9 !  language4      
,soon aft] ! appe>ance ( 8,ocean10 :5 he
 0 almo/ fifty1 ,"y  ent]$ into ord]s4  
,9 ,april1 #agbh1 n long aft] he _h put 
on !  g[n1 he 0 appo9t$ *apla9 to       
,george ,,ii4    ,! trag$y ( ,! ,bro!rs1
 :i* 0 already 9 rehe>sal1 he           
imm$iately )drew f ! /age4  ,! manag]s  
resign$ x ) "s  reluctance to ! delicacy
 ( ! new cl]gyman4  ,! ,epilogue to ,!  
,bro!rs1 ! only app5dages to any ( 8    
?ree plays :i* he add$  himself1 is1 ,i 
believe1 ! only "o ( ! k9d4  ,he calls x
 an  hi/orical ,epilogue4  ,f9d+ t      
8,guilt's dreadful close 8 n>r[  sc5e   
d5i$10 he1 9 a mann]1 cont9ues ! trag$y 
9 ! ,epilogue1  & relates h[ ,rome      
rev5g$ ! %ade ( ,demetrius1 & puni%$    
,p]seus 8= ?is night's de$40    ,( ,"y's
 tak+ ord]s some?+ is told by !         
biograph] ( ,pope1  :i* places ! eas9ess
 & simplicity ( ! poet 9 a s+ul> light4 
,:5 he det]m9$ on ! ,*ur* he did n      
address himself to ,%]lock1  to         

,att]bury1 or to ,h>e1 = ! be/          
in/ructions 9 !ology1 b to  ,pope1 :o1 9
 a y\?ful frolic1 advis$ ! dilig5t      
p]usal ( ,?omas  ,aqu9as4  ,) ?is       
treasure ,"y retir$ f int]ruption to an 
obscure place 9 ! suburbs4  ,8 poetical 
guide to godl9ess he>+  no?+ ( him dur+ 
half a ye>1 & appreh5d+ he might h c>ri$
  ! je/ too f>1 s\ght aft] him1 & f\nd  
him j 9 "t to prev5t  :at ,ruffhead     
calls 8an irretrievable d]angem5t40     
,t atta*m5t to 8 fav\rite /udy1 :i* made
 him ?9k a poet !  sure/ guide to 8 new 
pr(ession left him little d\bt :e!r     
poetry  0 ! sure/ pa? to its hon\rs &   
pref]m5ts4  ,n long inde$  aft] he took 
ord]s he publi%$ 9 prose 7#agbh7 8,a    
,true ,e/imate (  ,human ,life10        
d$icat$1 not)/&+ ! ,lat9 quotations )   
:i*  x ab\nds1 to ! ,que52 & a s]mon    
prea*$ be=e ! ,h\se (  ,commons1 #agbi1 
on ! m>tyrdom ( ,k+ ,*>les1 entitl$1    
8,an ,apology  = ,pr9ces2 or1 ! ,rev]5ce
 due to ,gov]nm5t40  ,b ! 8,second      
,c\rse10 ! c\nt]p>t ( 8 8,e/imate10 )\t 

:i* x _c be  call$ 8,a ,true ,e/imate10 
?\gh 9 #agbh x 0 ann\nc$ z 8soon to be  
publi%$10 nev] appe>$1 & 8 old fri5ds ! 
,muses 7 n  =gott54  ,9 #agcj he relaps$
 to poetry1 & s5t into ! _w  8,imp]ium  
,pelagi3 a ,naval ,lyric1 writt5 9      
imitation ( ,p9d>'s ,_s1  occasion$ by 8
 ,maje/y's return f ,hanov]1 ,septemb]1 
#agbi1 & !  succe$+ peace40  ,x is      
inscrib$ to ! ,duke ( ,*&os4  ,9 !      
,preface we are told t ! ,ode is ! mo/  
spirit$ k9d ( poetry1 &  t ! ,p9d>ic is 
! mo/ spirit$ k9d ( ,ode4  8,?is ,i     
speak10 he  adds1 8) suffici5t c&\r at  
my own v great p]il4  ,b tru? has  an   
et]nal title to our confession1 ?\gh we 
are sure to suff] by x40  ,behold1 aga91
 ! faire/ ( poets4  ,"y's 8,imp]ium     
,pelagi0 0  ridicul$ 9 ,field+'s 8,tom  
,?umb20 b let u n =get t x 0  "o ( 8    
pieces :i* ! au?or ( ! 8,night ,?\ghts0 
delib]ately  refus$ to own4  ,n long    
aft] ?is ,p9d>ic attempt he publi%$ two 
,epi/les to ,pope1 8,conc]n+ ! ,au?ors (
 ! ,age10 #agcj4  ,( ^!  poems "o       

occasion seems to h be5 an appreh5sion  
le/1 f !  livel9ess ( 8 satires1 he %\ld
 n be deem$ suffici5tly s]i\s  =        
promotion 9 ! ,*ur*4    ,9 ,july1 #agcj1
 he 0 pres5t$ by 8 ,college to !        
,rectory ( ,welwyn1  9 ,h]t=d%ire4  ,9  
,may1 #agca1 he m>ri$ ,lady ,elizabe?   
,lee1 daught]  ( ! ,e>l ( ,li*field1 &  
wid[ ( ,colonel ,lee4  ,8 connection )  
?is lady arose f 8 fa!r's acqua9tance1  
already m5tion$1 )  ,lady ,anne ,:>ton1 
:o 0 co-heiress ( ,sir ,h5ry ,lee (     
,dit*ley 9  ,ox=d%ire4  ,poetry _h      
lately be5 taught by ,addison to aspire 
to !  arms ( nobility1 ?\gh n )         
extraord9>y happ9ess4  ,we may          
naturally conclude t ,"y n[ gave himself
 up 9 "s measure to !  com=ts ( 8 new   
connection1 & to ! expectations ( t     
pref]m5t :i* he ?\ght due to 8 poetical 
tal5ts1 or1 at lea/1 to  ! mann] 9 :i*  
!y _h s frequ5tly be5 ex]t$4    ,! next 
production ( 8 muse 0 8,! ,sea-piece10 9
 two odes4    ,"y enjoys ! cr$it ( :at  
is call$ an 8,extempore ,epigram on     

,voltaire10 :o1 :5 he 0 9 ,engl&1       
ridicul$1 9 ! company ( !  jeal\s       
,engli% poet1 ,milton's allegory ( 8,s9 
& ,dea?30        8,y are s witty1       
pr(ligate & ?91      ,at once we ?9k !e 
,milton1 ,dea?1 & ,s940    ,f ! foll[+  
passage 9 ! poetical d$ication ( 8      
8,sea-piece0  to ,voltaire x seems t ?is
 extemporane\s repro(1 if x mu/ be      
extemporane\s 7= :at few w n[ affirm    
,voltaire to h des]v$  any repro(71 0   
some?+ long] ?an a di/i*1 & some?+ m    
g5tle ?an ! di/i* j quot$4        8,no  
/rang]1 sir1 ?\gh born 9 =eign climes4  
,on ,dorset ,d[ns1 :5 ,milton's page1   
,) ,s9 & ,dea? provok$ ?y rage1      ,?y
 rage provok$ :o soo!d ) g5tle rhymes80 
,by 8,dorset ,d[ns0 he probably meant   
,mr4 ,dod+ton's seat4  ,9 ,pitt's       
,poems is 8,an ,epi/le to ,dr4 ,edw>d   
,"y1 at ,ea/bury1 9 ,dorset%ire1 on  !  
,review at ,s>um1 #agbb40        8,:ile 
) y\r ,dod+ton retir$ y sit1      ,*>m$ 
) 8 fl[+ ,burgundy & wit10 etc4         
,?omson1 9 8 ,autumn1 address+ ,mr4     

,dod+ton calls 8 seat ! seat  ( !       
,muses1        8,:]e1 9 ! secret b[] &  
w9d+ walk1      ,= virtu\s ,"y & !e !y  
tw9e ! bay40    ,! praises ,?omson be/[s
 b a few l9es be=e on ,philips1 ! second
        8,:o nobly dur/1 9              
rhyme-unfett]$ v]se1      ,) ,briti%    
fre$om s+ ! ,briti% song10    add$ to   
,?omson's example & success1 might      
p]haps induce ,"y1 z we  %all see       
pres5tly1 to write 8 great "w )\t rhyme4
    ,9 #agcd he publi%$ 8,! ,=eign      
,address1 or ! be/ ,argum5t =  ,peace1  
occasion$ by ! ,briti% ,fleet & !       
,po/ure ( ,affairs4  ,writt5 9 ! ,"* ( a
 ,sailor40  ,x is n to be f\nd 9 !      
au?or's f\r volumes4  ,he n[ appe>s to h
 giv5 up all hopes (  ov]tak+ ,p9d>1 &  
p]haps at la/ resolv$ to turn 8 ambition
 to  "s orig9al species ( poetry4  ,?is 
poem concludes ) a =mal  f>ewell to     
,ode1 :i* few ( ,"y's read]s w regret3  
8,my %ell1 :i* ,clio gave1 :i* ,k+s     
applaud1      ,:i* ,europe's ble$+ g5ius
 call$ abroad1      ,adieu60    ,9 a    

species ( poetry altoge!r 8 own he next 
tri$ 8 skill1 &  succe$$4    ,( 8 wife  
he 0 depriv$ 9 #agda4  ,lady ,elizabe?  
_h lo/1 aft] h]  m>riage ) ,"y1 an      
amiable daught]1 by h] =m] husb&1 j     
aft] %e 0 m>ri$ to ,mr4 ,temple1 son (  
,"l ,palm]/on4  ,mr4 ,temple  did n long
 rema9 aft] 8 wife1 ?\gh he 0 m>ri$ a   
second "t  to a daught] ( ,sir ,john    
,b>n>d's1 ^: son is ! pres5t pe]4  ,mr4 
& ,mrs4 ,temple h g5]ally be5 consid]$ z
 ,phil&] & ,n>cissa4  ,f ! great        
fri5d%ip :i* con/antly subsi/$ betwe5   
,mr4 ,temple  & ,"y1 z well z f o!r     
circum/ances1 x is probable t !  poet _h
 bo? him & ,mrs4 ,temple 9 view = ^!    
*>act]s2 ?\gh1  at ! same "t1 "s        
passages respect+ ,phil&] d n appe> to  
suit ei!r ,mr4 ,temple or any o!r p]son 
) :om ,"y 0 kn[n to  be connect$ or     
acqua9t$1 :ile all ! circum/ances relat+
 to  ,n>cissa h be5 con/antly f\nd      
applicable to ,"y's  daught]-9-law4  ,at
 :at %ort int]vals ! poet tells u he 0  
w\nd$ by ! dea?s ( ! ?ree p]sons        

p>ticul>ly lam5t$1 none  t has read !   
8,night ,?\ghts0 7& :o has n read !m87  
ne$s to  be in=m$4        8,insatiate   
ar*]6 c\ld n "o suffice8      ,?y %aft  
flew ?rice1 & ?rice my peace 0 sla92    
,& ?rice1 ere ?rice yon moon _h fill$ h]
 horn40    ,yet h[ is x possible t ,mr4 
& ,mrs4 ,temple & ,lady ,elizabe? ,"y   
c\ld be ^! ?ree victims1 ov] :om ,"y has
 hi!rto be5 piti$  = hav+ to p\r !      
8,midnight ,sorr[s0 ( 8 religi\s poetry8
  ,mrs4  ,temple di$ 9 #agcf2 ,mr4      
,temple f\r ye>s aft]w>ds1 9 #agdj2 & ! 
poet's wife sev5 mon?s aft] ,mr4        
,temple1 9 #agda4  ,h[ c\ld !  insatiate
 ar*] ?rice slay 8 peace1 9 ^! ?ree     
p]sons1 8ere  ?rice ! moon _h fill$ h]  
horn40  ,b 9 ! %ort preface to 8,!      
,compla9t0 he s]i\sly tells u1 8t !     
occasion ( ?is poem 0  real1 n          
fictiti\s1 & t ! facts m5tion$ did      
naturally p\r  ^! moral reflections on !
 ?\ght ( ! writ]40  ,x is probable1     
!re=e1 t 9 ^! ?ree contradictory l9es ! 
poet compla9s  m ?an ! fa!r-9-law1 !    

fri5d1 or ! wid[]4  ,:atev] names       
belong to ^! facts1 or if ! names be ^? 
g5]ally suppos$1  :atev] height5+ a     
poet's sorr[ may h giv5 ! facts2 to !   
sorr[ ,"y felt f !m religion & morality 
are indebt$ = !  8,night ,?\ghts40  ,!re
 is a pleasure sure 9 sadness :i* m\rn]s
  only "k6  ,( ^! poems ! two or ?ree   
fir/ h be5 p]us$  p]haps m eag]ly & m   
frequ5tly ?an ! re/4  ,:5 he got z  f> z
 ! f\r? or fif? 8 orig9al motive = tak+ 
up ! p5 0  answ]$2 8 grief 0 naturally  
ei!r dim9i%$ or exhau/$4  ,we  /ill f9d 
! same pi\s poet1 b we he> less (       
,phil&] &  ,n>cissa1 & less ( ! m\rn]   
:om he lov$ to pity4    ,mrs4 ,temple   
di$ ( a consumption at ,lyons1 on h] way
 to ,nice1 ! ye>  aft] h] m>riage2 t is1
 :5 poetry relates ! fact1 89 h] bridal 
h\r40  ,x is m ?an poetically true t ,"y
 accompani$ h] to !  ,cont95t3          
8,i flew1 ,i snat*$ h] f ! rigid ,nor?1 
,& bore h] ne>] to ! sun40    ,b 9 va94 
,h] fun]al 0 att5d$ ) ! difficulties    
pa9t$ 9  su* animat$ col\rs 9 8,night ! 

,?ird40  ,aft] h] dea? !  rema9d] ( !   
p>ty pass$ ! ensu+ w9t] at ,nice4  ,!   
poet seems  p]haps 9 ^! compositions to 
dwell ) m melan*oly on ! dea?  ( ,phil&]
 & ,n>cissa ?an ( 8 wife4  ,b x is only 
= ?is  reason4  ,he :o runs & reads may 
rememb] t 9 ! 8,night ,?\ghts0  ,phil&] 
& ,n>cissa are (t5 m5tion$ & (t5 lam5t$4
  ,to  recollect lam5tations ov] !      
au?or's wife ! memory mu/ h be5  *>g$ ) 
di/9ct passages4  ,?is lady br\ght him  
"o *ild1  ,fr$]ick1 n[ liv+1 to :om !   
,pr9ce ( ,wales 0 godfa!r4    ,t dome/ic
 grief is1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to be ?ank$
 = ^!  ornam5ts to our language x is    
impossible to d5y4  ,nor w\ld x be      
common h>d9ess to cont5d t worldly      
discont5t _h no h& 9 ^!  jo9t           
productions ( poetry & piety4  ,yet am  
,i by no means sure t1  at any rate1 we 
%\ld n h _h some?+ ( ! same col\r f     
,"y's p5cil1 not)/&+ ! livel9ess ( 8    
satires4  ,9 s  long a life causes =    
discont5t & occasions = grief mu/ h     
occurr$4  ,x is n cle> to me t 8 ,muse 0

 n sitt+ ^u !  wat* = ! fir/ :i* happ5$4
  8,night ,?\ghts0 7 n uncommon  to h]1 
ev5 :5 fir/ %e visit$ ! poet1 & at a "t 
:5 he  himself 0 rem>kable nei!r =      
gravity nor gloom9ess4  ,9 8 8,la/      
,day10 almo/ 8 e>lie/ poem1 he calls h] 
8,! ,melan*oly ,maid10                  
8:om dismal sc5es delight1      ,frequ5t
 at tombs & 9 ! realms ( ,night40    ,9 
! pray] :i* concludes ! second book ( ! 
same poem1 he says3        8,oh6 p]mit !
 gloom ( solemn night      ,to sacr$    
?\ght may =cibly invite4      ,oh6 h[   
div9e to tread ! milky way1      ,to !  
bright palace ( ,et]nal ,day60    ,:5   
,"y 0 writ+ a trag$y1 ,grafton is said  
by ,sp5ce to h s5t  him a human skull1 )
 a c&le 9 x1 z a lamp1 & ! poet is      
report$ to h us$ x4  ,:at he calls 8,!  
true ,e/imate ( ,human  ,life10 :i* has 
already be5 m5tion$1 exhibits only !    
wrong side (  ! tape/ry1 & be+ ask$ :y  
he did n %[ ! "r1 he is said  to h      
repli$ t he c\ld n4  ,by o!rs x has be5 
told me t  ?is 0 f9i%$1 b t1 be=e !re   

exi/$ any copy1 x 0 torn  9 pieces by a 
lady's monkey4  ,/ill1 is x altoge!r    
fair to dress up  ! poet = ! man1 & to  
br+ ! gloom9ess ( ! 8,night ,?\ghts0  to
 prove ! gloom9ess ( ,"y1 & to %[ t 8   
g5ius1 l !  g5ius ( ,swift1 0 9 "s      
measure ! sull5 inspiration (           
discont5t8  ,f !m :o answ] 9 !          
affirmative x %\ld n be  conceal$ t1    
?\gh 8,invisibilia non decipiunt0 appe>$
 ^u a  deception 9 ,"y's gr\nds1 &      
8,ambulantes 9 horto audi]unt vocem     
,dei0 on a build+ 9 8 g>d51 8 p>i% 0    
indebt$ to ! good  hum\r ( ! au?or ( !  
8,night ,?\ghts0 = an assembly & a  b[l+
 gre54    ,:e!r y ?9k ) me1 ,i "k n2 b !
 fam\s 8,de mortuis nil  nisi bonum0    
always appe>$ to me to sav\r m ( female 
weakness ?an  ( manly reason4  ,he t has
 too mu* feel+ to speak ill ( ! dead1   
:o1 if !y _c def5d !mselves1 are at lea/
 ignorant ( 8  abuse1 w n hesitate by ! 
mo/ wanton calumny to de/roy ! quiet1  !
 reputation1 ! =tune ( ! liv+4  ,yet    
c5sure is n he>d  b5ea? ! tomb1 any m   

?an praise4  8,de mortuis nil nisi      
v]um--,de  vivis nil nisi bonum0 w\ld   
approa* mu* ne>] to good s5se4  ,aft]   
all1 ! few h&fuls ( rema9+ du/ :i* once 
compos$ ! body (  ! au?or ( ! 8,night   
,?\ghts0 feel n mu* conc]n :e!r ,"y     
pass n[ = a man ( sorr[ or = 8a fell[ ( 
inf9ite je/40  ,to ?is  fav\r mu/ come !
 :ole family ( ,yorick4  ,8 immortal "p1
 :]ev]  t n[ dwells1 is /ill less       
solicit\s on ?is head4  ,b to a son (   
wor? & s5sibility x is ( "s little      
consequ5ce :e!r  contempor>ies believe1 
& po/]ity be taught to believe1 t 8     
debau*$ & reprobate life ca/ a ,/ygian  
gloom ov] ! ev5+ ( 8  fa!r's days1 sav$ 
him ! tr\ble ( feign+ a "* completely   
dete/able1 & succe$$ at la/ 9 br++ 8    
8grey hairs ) sorr[  to ! grave40  ,!   
humanity ( ! _w1 little satisfi$ )      
inv5t+ p]haps a melan*oly disposition = 
! fa!r1 proce$s next  to inv5t an       
argum5t 9 support ( _! inv5tion1 &      
*ooses t  ,lor5zo %\ld be ,"y's own son4
  8,! ,biographia10 & e acc\nt  ( ,"y1  

pretty r\ndly ass]t ?is to be ! fact2 ( 
! absolute  impossibility ( :i*1 !      
8,biographia0 itself1 9 p>ticul> dates1 
conta9s und5iable evid5ce4  ,read]s ,i  
"k !re are ( a /range turn  ( m9d1 :o w 
h]eaft] p]use ! 8,night ,?\ghts0 ) less 
satisfaction2 :o w wi% !y _h /ill be5   
deceiv$2 :o w  qu>rel ) me = discov]+ t 
no su* "* z _! ,lor5zo  ev] yet disgrac$
 human nature or broke a fa!r's he>t4   
,yet w\ld  ^! admir]s ( ! sublime &     
t]rible be (f5d$ %\ld y set  !m d[n =   
cruel & = savage8  ,( ?is report1       
inhuman to !  surviv+ son1 if x be true1
 9 proportion z ! "* ( ,lor5zo  is      
diabolical1 :]e are we to f9d ! pro(8   
,p]haps x is cle> f  ! poems4    ,f !   
fir/ l9e to ! la/ ( ! 8,night ,?\ghts0  
no "o expression  c be discov]$ :i*     
betrays any?+ l ! fa!r4  ,9 ! 8,second  
,night0 ,i f9d an expression :i* betrays
 some?+ else--t ,lor5zo 0  8 fri5d2 "o1 
x is possible1 ( 8 =m] companions2 "o ( 
!  ,duke ( ,:>ton's set4  ,! poet /yles 
him 8gay fri5d20 an appellation  n v    

natural f a pi\s inc5s$ fa!r to su* a   
be+ z he  pa9ts ,lor5zo1 & t be+ 8 son4 
,b let u see h[ he has  sket*$ ?is      
dreadful portrait1 f ! sight ( "s ( ^:  
features  ! arti/ himself mu/ h turn$   
away ) horror4  ,a subject m  %ock+1 if 
8 only *ild really sat to him1 ?an !    
crucifixion (  ,mi*ael ,angelo2 ^u !    
horrid /ory told ( :i* ,"y compos$ a    
%ort poem ( f\rte5 l9es 9 ! e>ly "p ( 8 
life1 :i* he did  n ?9k des]v$ to be    
republi%$4  ,9 ! 8,fir/ ,night0 !       
address  to ! poet's suppos$ son is3--  
8,lor5zo1 ,=tune makes h] c\rt to !e40  
,9 ! 8,fif? ,night30--        8,& burns 
,lor5zo /ill = ! sublime      ,( life8  
to hang 8 airy ne/ on high80    ,is ?is 
a picture ( ! son ( ! ,rector ( ,welwyn8
  8,eigh? ,night30--        8,9 =eign   
realms 7= ?\ ha/ travell$ f>70--    :i* 
ev5 n[ does n apply to 8 son4  ,9       
8,night ,five30--        8,s wept       
,lor5zo fair ,cl>issa's fate1      ,:o  
gave t angel-boy on :om he dotes1       
,& di$ to give him1 orphan$ 9 8 bir?60  

,at ! beg9n+ ( ! 8,fif? ,night0 we      
f9d3--        8,lor5zo1 to recrim9ate is
 j1      ,i grant ! man is va9 :o writes
 = praise40    ,b1 to cut %ort all      
inquiry2 if any "o ( ^! passages1 if any
  passage 9 ! poems1 be applicable1 my  
fri5d %all pass = ,lor5zo4  ,! son ( !  
au?or ( ! 8,night ,?\ghts0 0 n old      
en\gh1 :5  !y 7 writt51 to recrim9ate or
 to be a fa!r4  ,! 8,night  ,?\ghts0 7  
begun imm$iately aft] ! m\rnful ev5t (  
#agda4  ,!  fir/ 8,nights0 appe>1 9 !   
books ( ! ,company ( ,/ation]s1 z !     
prop]ty ( ,rob]t ,dodsley1 9 #agdb4  ,! 
,preface to 8,night ,sev50 is  dat$     
,july #g?1 #agdd4  ,! m>riage1 9        
consequ5ce ( :i* ! suppos$  ,lor5zo 0   
born1 happ5$ 9 ,may1 #agca4  ,"y's *ild 
0 n born till  ,june1 #agcc4  ,9 #agda1 
?is ,lor5zo1 ?is f9i%$ infidel1 ?is fa!r
 to  ^: education ,vice _h = "s ye>s put
 ! la/ h&1 0 only eight  ye>s old4  ,an 
anecdote ( ?is cruel sort1 s op5 to     
contradiction1 s  impossible to be true1
 :o c\ld propagate8  ,?us easily are    

bla/$ !  reputation ( ! liv+ & ( ! dead4
  8,:o1 !n1 0 ,lor5zo80  exclaim !      
read]s ,i h m5tion$4  ,if we _c be sure 
t he 0  8 son1 :i* w\ld h be5 f9ely     
t]rible1 0 he n 8 nephew1  8 c\s98  ,^! 
are que/ions :i* ,i d n pret5d to answ]4
  ,=  ! sake ( human nature1 ,i c\ld wi%
 ,lor5zo to h be5 only !  creation ( !  
poet's fancy3 l ! ,qu9tus ( ,anti       
,lucretius1 8quo  nom9e10 says          
,polignac1 8quemvis ,a!um intellige40   
,t ?is 0 !  case _m expressions 9 !     
8,night ,?\ghts0 w\ld seem to prove1 did
  n a passage 9 8,night ,eight0 appe> to
 %[ t he _h somebody 9 8  eye = !       
gr\ndwork at lea/ ( ! pa9t+4  ,lovelace 
or ,lor5zo may  be feign$ *>act]s2 b a  
writ] does n feign a "n ( :i* he  only  
gives ! initial lett]3--        8,tell n
 ,cali/a4  ,%e w laugh !e dead1      ,or
 s5d !e to h] h]mitage ) ,l--40    ,!   
8,biographia10 n satisfi$ ) po9t+ out ! 
son ( ,"y1 9  t son's lifetime1 z 8     
fa!r's ,lor5zo1 travels out ( its way   
into  ! hi/ory ( ! son1 & tells ( 8 hav+

 be5 =bidd5 8  college at ,ox=d =       
misbehavi\r4  ,h[ su* anecdotes1 7 !y   
true1  t5d to illu/rate ! life ( ,"y1 x 
is n easy to discov]4  ,0  ! son ( !    
au?or ( ! 8,night ,?\ghts10 inde$1      
=bidd5 8  college = a "t1 at "o ( our   
,univ]sities8  ,! au?or ( 8,p>adise     
,lo/0 is by "s suppos$ to h be5         
disgracefully eject$ f !  o!r4  ,f      
juv5ile follies :o is free8  ,b1 :atev] 
!  8,biographia0 *ooses to relate1 ! son
 ( ,"y exp]i5c$ no  dismission f 8      
college1 ei!r la/+ or tempor>y4  ,yet1 7
  nature to indulge him ) a second y\?1 
& to leave him at ! same  "t ! exp]i5ce 
( t :i* is pa/1 he w\ld probably sp5d x 
diff]5tly--:o w\ld n8--he w\ld c]ta9ly  
be ! occasion ( less  uneas9ess to 8    
fa!r4  ,b1 f ! same exp]i5ce1 he w\ld z 
c]ta9ly1 9 ! same case1 be treat$       
diff]5tly by 8 fa!r4    ,"y 0 a poet3   
poets1 ) rev]5ce be x spok51 d n make ! 
be/ p>5ts4  ,fancy & imag9ation seldom  
deign to /oop f _!  heights2 always /oop
 unwill+ly to ! l[ level ( common       

duties4  ,alo( f vulg> life1 !y pursue  
_! rapid flight beyond ! k5 (  mortals1 
& desc5d n to e>? b :5 compell$ by      
necessity4  ,!  prose ( ord9>y          
occurr5ces is b5ea? ! dignity ( poets4  
,he :o is  connect$ ) ! au?or ( !       
8,night ,?\ghts0 only by v5]ation =  !  
,poet & ! ,*ri/ian may be all[$ to      
obs]ve t ,"y is "o (  ^? conc]n+ :om1 z 
y rem>k 9 y\r acc\nt ( ,addison1 x is   
prop] r to say 8no?+ t is false ?an all 
t is true40  ,b  ! son ( ,"y w\ld almo/ 
soon]1 ,i "k1 pass = a ,lor5zo ?an see  
himself v9dicat$1 at ! exp5se ( 8 fa!r's
 memory1 f follies  :i*1 if x may be    
?\ght blameable 9 a boy to h committ$   
!m1 x  is surely praisewor?y 9 a man to 
lam5t & c]ta9ly n only  unnecess>y1 b   
cruel 9 a biograph] to record4    ,( !  
8,night ,?\ghts10 not)/&+ _! au?or's    
pr(ess$  retirem5t1 all are inscrib$ to 
great or to gr[+ names4  ,he _h n  yet  
wean$ himself f e>ls & dukes1 f !       
,speak]s ( ! ,h\se  ( ,commons1 ,lords  
,commission]s ( ! ,treasury1 &          

,*ancellors ( !  ,ex*equ]4  ,9 8,night  
,eight0 ! politician pla9ly betrays     
himself3--        8,?9k no po/ ne$ful t 
dem&s a knave3      ,:5 late our civil  
helm 0 %ift+ h&s1      ,s ,p-- ?\ght3   
?9k bett] if y c40    ,yet x mu/ be     
confess$ t at ! conclusion ( 8,night    
,n9e10 we>y  p]haps ( c\rt+ e>?ly       
patrons1 he tells 8 s\l--               
8,h5ce=?      ,?y patron he1 ^: diadem  
has dropp$      ,y gems ( ,heav52       
,et]nity ?y prize2      ,& leave ! rac]s
 ( ! _w _! own40    ,! 8,f\r? ,night0 0 
address$ by 8a mu*-indebt$ ,muse0 to !  
,hon\rable ,mr4 ,yorke1 n[ ,"l          
,h>dwicke1 :o meant to h laid ! ,muse   
"u /ill great] obligation1 by ! liv+ (  
,%5field1 9 ,essex1 if  x _h become     
vacant4  ,! 8,fir/ ,night0 concludes )  
?is passage3--        8,d>k1 ?\gh n     
bl9d1 l !e1 ,meonides2      ,or1        
,milton1 !e4  ,ah6 c\ld ,i rea* y\r     
/ra92      ,or 8 :o made ,meonides our  
own6      ,man too he sung4  ,immortal  
man ,i s+4      ,oh _h he press$ 8 !me1 

pursu$ ! track      ,:i* op5s out (     
d>kness into day6      ,oh1 _h he m\nt$ 
on 8 w+ ( fire1      ,so>$1 :]e ,i s9k1 
& sung immortal man--      ,h[ _h x ble/
 mank9d1 & rescu$ me60    ,to ! au?or ( 
^! l9es 0 d$icat$1 9 #agef1 ! fir/      
volume (  an 8,essay on ! ,writ+s &     
,g5ius ( ,pope10 :i* attempt$1 :e!r     
ju/ly or n1 to pluck f ,pope 8 8,w+ (   
,fire10 & to r$uce him  to a rank at    
lea/ "o degree l[] ?an ! fir/ class (   
,engli%  poets4  ,if ,"y accept$ &      
approv$ ! d$ication1 he c\nt5anc$  ?is  
attack ^u ! fame ( him :om he invokes z 
8 ,muse4    ,"p ( 8pap]-sp>+0 ,pope's   
,?ird ,book ( ! 8,odyssey10 deposit$ 9  
! ,museum1 is writt5 ^u ! back ( a lett]
 sign$ 8,e4 ,"y10 :i*  is cle>ly !      
h&writ+ ( our ,"y4  ,! lett]1 dat$ only 
,may #bnd1  seems obscure2 b !re c be   
little d\bt t ! fri5d%ip he  reque/s 0 a
 lit]>y "o1 & t he _h ! highe/ lit]>y   
op9ion  ( ,pope4  ,! reque/ 0 a         
prologue1 ,i am told4                   
8,may ! #bnd4        8,,de>             

,,sir1--,hav+ be5 (t5 f home1 ,i "k n if
 y h done      me ! fav\r ( call+ on me4
  ,b1 be t z x w1 ,i mu* want      t    
in/ance ( y\r fri5d%ip ,i m5tion$ 9 my  
la/2 a fri5d%ip      ,i am v s5sible ,i 
c receive f no "o b y\rself4  ,i %\ld   
n urge ?is ?+ s mu* b = v p>ticul>      
reasons2 nor c      y be at a loss to   
conceive h[ a #8trifle ( ?is nature' may
 be (      s]i\s mom5t to me2 & :ile ,i 
am 9 hopes ( ! great advantage      (   
y\r advice ab\t x1 ,i %all n be s absurd
 z to make any      fur!r /ep )\t x4  ,i
 "k y are mu* engag$1 & only hope       
to he> ( y at y\r entire leisure4       
8,i am1 sir1 y\r mo/ fai?ful            
8& ob$i5t s]vant1                       
8,e4 ,,"y40    ,nay1 ev5 aft] ,pope's   
dea?1 he says 9 8,night ,sev530--       
8,pope1 :o c\ld'/ make immortals1 art ?\
 dead80    ,ei!r ! 8,essay10 !n1 0      
d$icat$ to a patron :o disapprov$ its   
doctr9e1 :i* ,i h be5 told by ! au?or 0 
n ! case2 or ,"y  appe>s1 9 8 old age1  
to h b>t]$ = a d$ication an op9ion      

ent]ta9$ ( 8 fri5d ?r\gh all t "p ( life
 :5 he mu/ h  be5 be/ able to =m        
op9ions4  ,f ?is acc\nt ( ,"y1 two or   
?ree %ort passages1 :i* /& almo/ toge!r 
9 8,night ,f\r10 %\ld  n be exclud$4    
,!y af=d a picture1 by 8 own h&1 f !    
/udy  ( :i* my read]s may *oose to =m _!
 own op9ion ( ! features  ( 8 m9d & !   
complexion ( 8 life4                    
8,ah me6 ! dire effect      ,( loit]+   
"h1 ( dea? defraud$ long2      ,( old s 
graci\s 7& let t suffice71      ,my v   
ma/] kn[s me n4      ,i've be5 s long   
rememb]$ ,i'm =got4                     
99 99 99 99 99        ,:5 9 8 c\rti]s'  
e>s ,i p\r my pla9t1      ,!y dr9k x z !
 ,nect> ( ! ,great2      ,& squeeze my  
h&1 & beg me come to-morr[4             
99 99 99 99 99        ,twice told !     
p]iod sp5t on /ubborn ,troy1      ,c\rt 
fav\r1 yet untak51 ,i besiege4          
99 99 99 99 99        ,if ?is song      
lives1 ,po/]ity %all "k      ,"o1 ?\gh 9
 ,brita9 born1 ) c\rti]s br$1      ,:o  
?\ght1 ev5 gold might come a day too    

late2      ,nor on 8 subtle dea?b$      
plann$ 8 s*eme      ,= future vacancies 
9 ,*ur* or ,/ate40    ,d$uct f ! writ]'s
 age 8twice told ! p]iod sp5t on /ubborn
  ,troy10 & y w /ill leave him m ?an =ty
 :5 he sate d[n to  ! mis]able siege (  
c\rt-fav\r4  ,he has be=e told u--      
8,a fool at =ty is a fool inde$40       
,aft] all1 ! siege seems to h be5 rais$ 
only 9 consequ5ce (  :at ! g5]al ?\ght 8
 8dea?b$40  ,by ^! extraord9>y poems1   
writt5 aft] he 0 sixty1 ( :i* ,i h be5  
l$ to say s mu*1 ,i  hope1 by ! wi% (   
do+ ju/ice to ! liv+ & ! dead1 x 0 !    
desire ( ,"y to be pr9cipally kn[n4  ,he
 entitl$ ! f\r volumes  :i* he publi%$  
himself1 8,! ,works ( ! ,au?or ( !      
,night  ,?\ghts40  ,:ile x is rememb]$ t
 f ^! he exclud$ _m (  8 writ+s1 let x n
 be =gott5 t ! reject$ pieces conta9$   
no?+ prejudicial to ! cause ( virtue or 
( religion4  ,7  ev]y?+ t ,"y ev] wrote 
to be publi%$1 he w\ld only appe>       
p]haps 9 a less respectable light z a   
poet1 & m despicable z a  d$icator2 he  

w\ld n pass = a worse ,*ri/ian or = a   
worse man4  ,?is enviable praise is due 
to ,"y4  ,c x be claim$ by e writ]8  ,8 
d$ications1 aft] all1 he _h p]haps no "r
 to suppress4  ,!y  all1 ,i believe1    
speak1 n a little to ! cr$it ( 8        
gratitude1 (  fav\rs receiv$2 & ,i "k n 
:e!r ! au?or1 :o has once  solemnly     
pr9t$ an ackn[l$gm5t ( a fav\r1 %\ld n  
always pr9t  x4  ,is x to ! cr$it or to 
! discr$it ( ,"y1 z a poet1 t (  8      
8,night ,?\ghts0 ! ,fr5* are p>ticul>ly 
fond8    ,( ! 8,epitaph on ,"l ,aubrey  
,beaucl]k10 dat$ #agdj1 all ,i "k is1  t
 ,i f9d x 9 ! late body ( ,engli%       
poetry1 & t ,i am sorry to  f9d x !re4  
,not)/&+ ! f>ewell :i* he seem$ to h    
tak5 9 ! 8,night ,?\ghts0 ( ev]y?+ :i*  
bore ! lea/  resemblance to ambition1 he
 dipp$ aga9 9 politics4  ,9 #agde he    
wrote  8,reflections on ! ,public       
,situation ( ! ,k+dom1 address$ to !    
,duke ( ,newca/le20 indignant1 z x      
appe>s1 to behold        8--a pope-br$  
,pr9cel+ crawl a%ore1      ,& :i/le     

cut-?roats1 ) ^? swords t scrap$        
,_! b>r5 rocks = wret*$ su/5ance1       
,to cut 8 passage to ! ,briti% ?rone40  
,?is political poem might be call$ a    
8,night ,?\ght20 inde$1 x 0  orig9ally  
pr9t$ z ! conclusion ( ! 8,night        
,?\ghts10 ?\gh he  did n ga!r x ) 8 o!r 
works4    ,prefix$ to ! second edition (
 ,h[e's 8,dev\t ,m$itations0 is a lett] 
f ,"y1 dat$ ,janu>y #ai1 #ageb1 address$
 to ,ar*ibald ,macauly1 ,esq41  ?ank+   
him = ! book1 8:i*10 he says1 8he %all  
nev] lay f> out  ( 8 rea*2 = a great]   
demon/ration ( a s\nd head & a s9c]e    
he>t he nev] saw40    ,9 #agec1 :5 ,!   
,bro!rs _h la9 by him above ?irty ye>s1 
x  appe>$ ^u ! /age4  ,if any "p ( 8    
=tune _h be5 acquir$ by  s]vility (     
adulation1 he n[ det]m9$ to d$uct f x no
  inconsid]able sum1 z a gift to !      
,society = ! ,propagation ( !  ,gospel4 
,to ?is sum he hop$ ! pr(its ( ,!       
,bro!rs w\ld am\nt4  ,9 8 calculation he
 0 deceiv$2 b by ! bad success ( 8 play 
! ,society 0 n a los]4  ,! au?or made up

 ! sum he orig9ally  int5d$1 :i* 0 a    
?\s& p\nds1 f 8 own pocket4    ,! next  
p]=mance :i* he pr9t$ 0 a prose         
publication1 entitl$  8,! ,c5taur ,n    
,fabul\s1 9 ,six ,lett]s to a ,fri5d on 
! ,life 9  ,vogue40  ,! conclusion is   
dat$ ,novemb] #bi1 #aged4  ,9 ! ?ird    
lett]  is describ$ ! dea?-b$ ( ! 8gay1  
"y1 noble1 +5i\s1  accompli%$1 & mo/    
wret*$ ,altamont40  ,8 la/ words 7--8,my
  pr9ciples h poison$ my fri5d1 my      
extravagance has begg>$ my boy1  my     
unk9dness has murd]$ my wife60  ,ei!r   
,altamont & ,lor5zo 7  ! tw9 production 
( fancy1 or ,"y 0 unlucky en\gh to "k   
two  *>act]s :o bore no little          
resemblance to ea* o!r 9 p]fection (    
wick$ness4  ,report has be5 accu/om$ to 
call ,altamont ,"l ,eu/on4    8,! ,old  
,man's ,relapse10 occasion$ by an       
,epi/le to ,walpole1 if writt5  by ,"y1 
:i* ,i mu* d\bt1 mu/ h be5 writt5 v late
 9 life4  ,x has be5 se51 ,i am told1 9 
a ,miscellany publi%$ ?irty ye>s  be=e 8
 dea?4  ,9 #ageh he exhibit$ 8,! ,old   

,man's ,relapse10 9 m  ?an words1 by    
aga9 becom+ a d$icator1 & publi%+ a     
s]mon  address$ to ! k+4    ,! lively   
lett] 9 prose1 on 8,orig9al             
,composition10 address$ to  ,ri*>dson1 !
 au?or ( 8,cl>issa10 appe>$ 9 #agei4    
,?\gh he  despairs 8( break+ ?r\gh !    
froz5 ob/ructions ( age & c>e's         
incumb5t cl\d into t fl[ ( ?\ght &      
brightness ( expression  :i* subjects s 
polite require10 yet x is m l !         
production (  untam$1 unbridl$ y\?1 ?an 
( jad$ f\rscore4  ,"s sev5fold  volumes 
put him 9 m9d ( ,ovid's sev5fold *annels
 ( ! ,nile at !  conflagration3--       
8--o/ia septem      ,pulv]ul5ta vocant1 
septem s9e flum9e valles40    ,su* lead5
 lab\rs are l ,lycurgus's iron money1   
:i* 0 s mu*  less 9 value ?an 9 bulk1 t 
x requir$ b>ns = /rong boxes1 &  a yoke 
( ox5 to draw five hundr$ p\nds4  ,if   
!re is a fam9e (  inv5tion 9 ! l&1 we   
mu/ travel1 he says1 l ,joseph's bre?r51
  f> = food1 we mu/ visit ! remote & ri*
 anci5ts4  ,b an  inv5tive g5ius may    

safely /ay at home2 t1 l ! wid['s cruse1
  is div9ely repl5i%$ f )91 & af=ds u a 
miracul\s delight4  ,he asks :y x %\ld  
seem altoge!r impossible t ,heav5's     
late/  editions ( ! human m9d may be !  
mo/ correct & fair8  ,& ,jonson1  he    
tells u1 0 v le>n$1 z ,samson 0 v /rong1
 to 8 own  hurt4  ,bl9d to ! nature (   
trag$y1 he pull$ d[n all antiquity on  8
 head1 & buri$ himself "u x4  ,is ?is   
8c>e's incumb5t cl\d10  or 8! froz5     
ob/ructions ( age80  ,9 ?is lett] ,pope 
is sev]ely  c5sur$ = 8 8fall f ,hom]'s  
numb]s1 free z air1 l(ty &  h>moni\s z !
 sph]es1 into *ildi% %ackles & t9kl+    
s\nds2  = putt+ ,a*illes into petticoats
 a second "t30 b we are told t  ! dy+   
swan talk$ ov] an epic plan ) ,"y a few 
weeks be=e 8  decease4  ,"y's *ief      
inducem5t to write ?is lett] 01 z he    
confesses1 t he might erect a monum5tal 
m>ble to ! memory ( an  old fri5d4  ,he1
 :o employ$ 8 pi\s p5 = almo/ ! la/ "t 9
  ?us do+ ju/ice to ! exempl>y dea?-b$ (
 ,addison1 might probably1  at ! close (

 8 own life1 af=d no unuseful lesson = !
 dea?s (  o!rs4  ,9 ! po/script he      
writes to ,ri*>dson t he w see 9  8 next
 h[ f> ,addison is an orig9al4  ,b no   
o!r lett] appe>s4    ,! few l9es :i* /& 
9 ! la/ edition1 z 8s5t by ,"l ,melcombe
  to ,dr4 ,"y n long be=e 8 lord%ip's   
dea?10 7 inde$ s s5t1  b 7 only an      
introduction to :at 0 !re meant by 8,!  
,muse's  ,late/ ,sp>k40  ,! poem is     
necess>y1 :atev] may be its m]it1 s9ce  
! ,preface to x is already pr9t$4  ,"l  
,melcombe call$ 8 ,tusculum  8,la       
,trappe03--        8,love ?y c\ntry1 wi%
 x well1         ,n ) too int5se a c>e2 
',tis en\gh1 t1 :5 x fell1         ,?\  
its ru9 did/ n %>e4        ,envy's      
c5sure1 ,flatt]y's praise1         ,)   
unmov$ indiff]5ce view2      ,le>n to   
tread life's dang]\s maze1         ,)   
un]r+ ,virtue's clue4        ,void (    
/rong desire & fe>1         ,life's void
 ocean tru/ no m2      ,/rive ?y little 
b>k to /e]         ,) ! tide1 b ne> !   
%ore4        ,?us prep>$1 ?y %ort5$ sail

         ,%all1 :5e'er ! w9ds increase1 
,seiz+ ea* propiti\s gale1         ,waft
 !e to ! ,port ( ,peace4        ,keep ?y
 consci5ce f (f5ce1         ,& tempe/u\s
 passions free1      ,s1 :5 ?\ art call$
 f h5ce1         ,easy %all ?y passage  
be2        ,easy %all ?y passage be1    
,*e]ful ?y allott$ /ay1      ,%ort !    
acc\nt 'twixt ,god & !e2         ,hope  
%all meet !e on ! way3        ,tru? %all
 lead !e to ! gate1         ,m]cy's self
 %all let !e 91      ,:]e its nev]-*ang+
 /ate1         ,full p]fection1 %all    
beg940    ,! poem 0 accompani$ by a     
lett]4                                  
8,la ,trappe1 ! #bg? ( ,octob]1 #agfa   
8,,de> ,,sir1--,y seem$ to l ! ode ,i   
s5t y = y\r amusem5t2      ,i n[ s5d x y
 z a pres5t4  ,if y please to accept (  
x1 &      are will+ t our fri5d%ip %\ld 
be kn[n :5 we are gone1 y      w be     
pleas$ to leave ?is among ^? ( y\r own  
pap]s t may      possibly see ! light by
 a po/hum\s publication4  ,god s5d u    
heal? :ile we /ay1 & an easy            

j\rney6--,my de> ,dr4 ,"y1              
8,y\rs1 mo/ cordially1                  
8,,melcombe40    ,9 #agfb1 a %ort "t    
be=e 8 dea?1 ,"y publi%$ 8,resignation40
  ,not)/&+ ! mann] 9 :i* x 0 really =c$ 
f him by !  _w1 criticism has treat$ x )
 no common sev]ity4  ,if x %all be      
?\ght n to des]ve ! highe/ praise1 on ! 
o!r side (  f\rscore1 by :om1 except by 
,newton & by ,wall]1 has praise be5     
m]it$8    ,to ,mrs4 ,montagu1 ! fam\s   
*ampion ( ,%akespe>e1 ,i am indebt$ =  !
 hi/ory ( 8,resignation40  ,obs]v+ t    
,mrs4 ,boscaw51 9 ! mid/  ( h] grief = !
 loss ( ! admiral1 d]iv$ consolation f !
  p]usal ( ! 8,night ,?\ghts10 ,mrs4    
,montagu propos$ a visit to !  au?or4   
,f conv]s+ ) ,"y1 ,mrs4 ,boscaw5 d]iv$  
/ill fur!r  consolation2 & to t visit %e
 & ! _w 7 indebt$ = ?is  poem4  ,x      
complim5ts ,mrs4 ,montagu 9 ! foll[+    
l9es3--        8,yet write ,i mu/4  ,a  
lady sues3         ,h[ %ameful h]       
reque/6      ,my bra9 9 lab\r ) dull    
rhyme1         ,h]s teem+ ) ! be/60     

,& aga9--        8,a fri5d y h1 & ,i !  
same1         ,^: prud5t1 s(t address   
,w br+ to life ^? heal+ ?\ghts          
,:i* di$ 9 y\r di/ress4      ,t fri5d1 !
 _s ( my !me         ,extract+ = y\r    
ease1      ,w leave to me ! dreg1 9     
?\ghts         ,too common2 su* z ^!40  
,by ! same lady ,i 0 enabl$ to say1 9 h]
 own words1 t ,"y's  unb\nd$ g5ius      
appe>$ to great] advantage 9 ! companion
 ?an ev5  9 ! au?or2 t ! ,*ri/ian 0 9   
him a "* /ill m  inspir$1 m enraptur$1 m
 sublime1 ?an ! poet2 & t1 9 8  ord9>y  
conv]sation--        8--lett+ d[n !     
gold5 *a9 f high1      ,he drew 8       
audi5ce upw>d to ! sky40    ,not)/&+ ,"y
 _h said1 9 8 8,conjectures on ,orig9al 
,composition10 t 8blank v]se is v]se    
unfall51 uncurs$--v]se  reclaim$1       
re-en?ron$ 9 ! true language ( ! gods20 
not)/&+ he adm9i/]$ consolation to 8 own
 grief 9 ?is  immortal language1 ,mrs4  
,boscaw5 0 com=t$ 9 rhyme4    ,:ile !   
poet & ! ,*ri/ian 7 apply+ ?is com=t1   
,"y _h  himself occasion = com=t1 9     

consequ5ce ( ! sudd5 dea? (  ,ri*>dson1 
:o 0 pr9t+ ! =m] "p ( ! poem4  ,(       
,ri*>dson's dea? he says--        8,:5  
heav5 w\ld k9dly set u free1         ,& 
e>?'s en*antm5t end2      ,x takes ! mo/
 effectual means1         ,& robs u ( a 
fri5d40    ,to 8,resignation0 0 prefix$ 
an apology = its appe>ance1 to :i*  m   
cr$it is due ?an to ! g5]ality ( su*    
apologies1 f ,"y's  unusual anxiety t no
 m productions ( 8 old age %\ld disgrace
  8 =m] fame4  ,9 8 w1 dat$ ,febru>y1   
#agfj1 he desires ( 8  executors1 9 a   
p>ticul> mann]1 t all 8 manuscript books
 &  writ+s1 :atev]1 might be burn$1     
except 8 book ( acc\nts4  ,9  ,septemb]1
 #agfd1 he add$ a k9d ( codicil1 :]e9 he
 made x 8 dy+  entreaty to 8 h\sekeep]1 
to :om he left #a1jjj1 8t all 8         
manuscripts might be de/roy$ z soon z he
 0 dead1 :i* w\ld  greatly oblige h]    
deceas$ fri5d40    ,x may tea* mank9d ! 
unc]ta9ty ( wordly fri5d%ips to "k t    
,"y1 ei!r by surviv+ ^? he lov$1 or by  
outliv+ _!  affections1 c\ld only       

recollect ! names ( two fri5ds1 8       
h\sekeep] & a hatt]1 to m5tion 9 8 w2 & 
x may s]ve to  repress t te/am5t>y      
pride1 :i* too (t5 seeks = s\nd+ names  
& titles1 to be in=m$ t ! au?or ( !     
8,night ,?\ghts0 did  n blu% to leave a 
legacy to 8 8fri5d ,h5ry ,/ev5s1 a hatt]
 at !  ,temple-gate40  ,( ^! two rema9+ 
fri5ds1 "o w5t be=e ,"y4  ,b1 at        
eighty-f\r1 8:]e10 z he asks 9 ,!       
,c5taur1 8is t _w  into :i* we 7 born80 
,! same humility :i* m>k$ a hatt] & a   
h\sekeep] = ! fri5ds ( ! au?or ( !      
8,night ,?\ghts10 _h  be=e be/[$ ! same 
title on 8 footman1 9 an epitaph 9 8    
8,*ur*y>d0 ^u ,james ,bak]1 dat$ #agdi2 
:i* ,i am glad to f9d 9 !  late         
collection ( 8 works4  ,"y & 8 h\sekeep]
 7 ridicul$1  ) m ill-nature ?an wit1 9 
a k9d ( novel publi%$ by ,kidgell 9     
#agee1 call$ 8,! ,c>d10 "u ! names (    
,dr4 ,elwes & ,mrs4 ,fusby4  ,9  ,april1
 #agfe1 at an age to :i* few atta91 a   
p]iod 0 put to ! life  ( ,"y4  ,he _h   
p]=m$ no duty = ?ree or f\r ye>s1 b he  

reta9$ 8 intellects to ! la/4    ,mu* is
 told 9 ! 8,biographia10 :i* ,i "k n to 
h be5 true1 (  ! mann] ( 8 burial2 ( !  
ma/] & *ildr5 ( a *>ity-s*ool1  :i* he  
f\nd$ 9 8 p>i%1 :o neglect$ to att5d _! 
b5efactor's corpse2 & a bell :i* 0 n    
caus$ to toll z (t5 z  ^u ^? occasions  
bells usually toll4  ,_h t humanity1 :i*
 is  "h lavi%$ ^u ?+s ( little          
consequ5ce ei!r to ! liv+ or  to ! dead1
 be5 %[n 9 its prop] place to ! liv+1 ,i
 %\ld h  _h less to say ab\t ,lor5zo4   
,!y :o lam5t t ^! mis=tunes  happ5$ to  
,"y1 =get ! praise he be/[s ^u          
,socrates1 9 !  ,preface to 8,night     
,sev510 = res5t+ 8 fri5d's reque/ ab\t 8
  fun]al4  ,dur+ "s "p ( 8 life ,"y 0   
abroad1 b ,i h n  be5 able to le>n any  
p>ticul>s4  ,9 8 sev5? ,satire he says1 
8,:51 aft] battle1 ,i ! field h ,,se5   
,spread o'er ) gha/ly %apes :i* once 7  
m540    ,x is kn[n1 also1 t f ?is or f  
"s o!r field he once  w&]$ into ! camp )
 a classic 9 8 h&1 :i* he 0 read+       
int5tly2 & _h "s difficulty to prove t  

he 0 only an abs5t  poet1 & n a spy4    
,! curi\s read] ( ,"y's life w naturally
 inquire to :at x 0  ow+1 t ?\gh he liv$
 almo/ =ty ye>s aft] he took ord]s1  :i*
 includ$ "o :ole reign uncommonly long1 
& "p ( ano!r1 he  0 nev] ?\ght wor?y ( !
 lea/ pref]m5t4  ,! au?or ( !  8,night  
,?\ghts0 end$ 8 days ^u a liv+ :i* came 
to him f 8  college )\t any fav\r1 & to 
:i* he probably _h an eye :5 he  det]m9$
 on ! ,*ur*4  ,to satisfy curiosity (   
?is k9d is1 at ?is  di/ance ( "t1 f> f  
easy4  ,! p>ties !mselves "k n (t51  at 
! in/ant1 :y !y are neglect$1 or :y !y  
are pref]r$4  ,!  neglect ( ,"y is by "s
 ascrib$ to 8 hav+ atta*$ himself to  ! 
,pr9ce ( ,wales1 & to 8 hav+ prea*$ an  
(f5sive s]mon at  ,/4 ,james's4  ,x has 
be5 told me t he _h two hundr$ a ye> 9 !
  late reign1 by ! patronage ( ,walpole2
 & t1 :5ev] any "o  rem9d$ ! k+ ( ,"y1 !
 only answ] 01 8he has a p5sion40  ,all 
! light ?r[n on ?is inquiry1 by ! foll[+
 lett] f ,seck]1  only s]ves to %[ at   
:at a late p]iod ( life ! au?or ( !     

8,night ,?\ghts0 solicit$ pref]m5t3--   
8,dean]y ( ,/4 ,paul's1 ,july #h1 #ageh4
        8,,good ,,dr4 ,,"y1--,i h long  
wond]$ t m suitable notice (      y\r   
great m]it ha? n be5 tak5 by p]sons 9   
p[]4  ,b h[ to      rem$y ! omission ,i 
see n4  ,no enc\ragem5t ha? ev] be5 giv5
      me to m5tion ?+s ( ?is nature to 8
 maje/y4  ,& !re=e1      9 all          
likelihood1 ! only consequ5ce ( do+ x   
w\ld be      weak5+ ! little influ5ce   
:i* else ,i may possibly h on "s        
o!r occasions4  ,y\r =tune & y\r        
reputation set y above !      ne$ (     
advancem5t2 & y\r s5tim5ts1 above t     
conc]n = x1      on y\r own acc\nt1 :i*1
 on t ( ! public1 is s9c]ely felt       
by                                      
8,y\r lov+ ,bro!r1 ,,?o4 ,,cant40    ,at
 la/1 at ! age ( f\rscore1 he 0 appo9t$1
 9 #agfa1 ,cl]k ( !  ,closet to !       
,pr9cess ,d[ag]4  ,"o ob/acle mu/ h /ood
 n a  little 9 ! way ( t pref]m5t aft]  
:i* 8 :ole life seems to  h pant$4      
,?\gh he took ord]s1 he nev] entirely   

%ook (f  politics4  ,he 0 always ! lion 
( 8 ma/] ,milton1 8paw+ to get  free 8  
h9d] p>ts40  ,by ?is conduct1 if he ga9$
 "s fri5ds1 he  made _m enemies4  ,aga93
 ,"y 0 a poet2 & aga91 ) rev]5ce be  x  
spok51 poets by pr(ession d n always    
make ! be/ cl]gym54  ,if  ! au?or ( !   
8,night ,?\ghts0 compos$ _m s]mons1 he  
did n  oblige ! public ) _m4  ,besides1 
9 ! latt] "p ( 8 life1  ,"y 0 fond (    
hold+ himself out = a man retir$ f ! _w4
  ,b he seem$ to h =gott5 t ! same v]se 
:i* conta9s  8oblitus meorum10 conta9s  
also 8oblivisc5dus et illis40  ,!       
brittle  *a9 ( worldly fri5d%ip &       
patronage is brok5 z effectually1 :5  "o
 goes beyond ! l5g? ( x1 z :5 ! o!r     
does4  ,to ! vessel  :i* is sail+ f !   
%ore1 x only appe>s t ! %ore also       
rec$es2 9 life x is truly ?us4  ,he :o  
retires f ! _w w  f9d himself1 9        
reality1 des]t$ z fa/1 if n fa/]1 by !  
_w4  ,! public is n to be treat$ z !    
coxcomb treats 8 mi/ress2 to be  ?reat5$
 ) des]tion1 9 ord] to increase         

fondness4    ,"y seems to h be5 tak5 at 
8 ^w4  ,not)/&+ 8 frequ5t  compla9ts (  
be+ neglect$1 no h& 0 rea*$ out to pull 
him f  t retirem5t ( :i* he decl>$      
himself enam\r$4  ,alex&]  assign$ no   
palace = ! resid5ce ( ,diog5es1 :o boa/$
 8 surly  satisfaction ) 8 tub4  ,( !   
dome/ic mann]s & petty habits (  ! au?or
 ( ! 8,night ,?\ghts10 ,i hop$ to h giv5
 y an acc\nt  f ! be/ au?ority2 b :o    
%all d>e to say1 ,to-morr[ ,i w be  wise
 or virtu\s1 or to-morr[ ,i w d a       
p>ticul> ?+8  ,^u  inquir+ = 8          
h\sekeep]1 ,i le>n$ t %e 0 buri$ two    
days  be=e ,i rea*$ ! t[n ( h] abode4   
,9 a lett] f ,ts*>n]1 a noble =eign]1 to
 ,c\nt ,hall]1 ,ts*>n]  says1 he has    
lately sp5t f\r days ) ,"y at ,welwyn1  
:]e !  au?or ta/es all ! ease & pleasure
 mank9d c desire4  8,ev]y?+  ab\t him   
%[s ! man1 ea* individual be+ plac$ by  
rule4  ,all is  neat )\t art4  ,he is v 
pleasant 9 conv]sation1 & extremely     
polite40  ,?is1 & m1 may possibly be    
true2 b ,ts*>n]'s 0 a  fir/ visit1 a    

visit ( curiosity & admiration1 & a     
visit :i* !  au?or expect$4    ,( ,edw>d
 ,"y an anecdote :i* w&]s among read]s  
is n true1 t  he 0 ,field+'s ,p>son     
,adams4  ,! orig9al ( t fam\s pa9t+ 0   
,william ,"y1 :o 0 a cl]gyman4  ,he     
support$ an uncom=table  exi/5ce by     
translat+ = ! booksell]s f ,greek1 &1 if
 he did  n seem to be 8 own fri5d1 0 at 
lea/ no man's enemy4  ,yet !  facility )
 :i* ?is report has ga9$ belief 9 ! _w  
argues1  7 x n suffici5tly kn[n t !     
au?or ( ! 8,night ,?\ghts0  bore "s     
resemblance to ,adams4  ,! att5tion :i* 
,"y be/[$ ^u  ! p]usal ( books is n     
unwor?y imitation4  ,:5 any passage     
pleas$  him he appe>s to h fold$ d[n !  
leaf4  ,on ^! passages he  be/[$ a      
second read+4  ,b ! lab\rs ( man are too
 frequ5tly  va94  ,be=e he return$ to   
mu* ( :at he _h once approv$ he di$4    
,_m ( 8 books1 :i* ,i h se51 are by ^?  
notes ( approbation  s swell$ beyond _! 
real bulk1 t !y w h>dly %ut4            
8,:at ?\gh we wade 9 weal?1 or so> 9    

fame6      ,e>?'s highe/ /ation ends 9  
,"h he lies6      ,& du/ to du/         
concludes h] noble/ song60    ,! au?or (
 ^! l9es is n )\t 8 #8,hic jacet4'  ,by 
! good  s5se ( 8 son x conta9s none ( t 
praise :i* no m>ble c make  ! bad or !  
fooli% m]it2 :i*1 )\t ! direction ( /one
 or a  turf1 w f9d its way1 soon] or    
lat]1 to ! des]v+4                      
,m4 ,s4                                 
,optimi p>5tis                          
,,edw>di ,,"y1 ,,ll4,d4                 
,hujus ,ecclesi rect4 et ,elizabe? fm4  
prnob                                   
,conjugis ejus amantissim               
,pio  gratissimo animo hoc m>mor posuit 
,f4 ,y4                                 
,filius sup]/es4        ,is x n /range t
 ! au?or ( ! 8,night ,?\ghts0 has       
inscrib$ no monum5t to ! memory ( 8     
lam5t$ wife8  ,yet :at      m>ble w     
endure z long z ! poems8        ,su*1 my
 good fri5d1 is ! acc\nt :i* ,i h be5   
able to      collect ( ! great ,"y4  ,t 
x may be long be=e any?+ l      :at ,i h

 j transcrib$ be necess>y = y1 is !     
s9c]e      wi% (1                       
,de> ,sir1 y\r greatly oblig$ ,fri5d1   
,,h]b]t ,,cr(t1 ,jun4        ,l9coln's  
,inn1 ,sept41 #aghj4        ,p4,s4--,?is
 acc\nt ( ,"y 0 se5 by y 9 manuscript1 y
 "k1      sir1 &1 ?\gh ,i c\ld n prevail
 on y to make any alt]ation1      y     
insi/$ on /rik+ out "o passage1 because 
x said t if ,i      did n wi% y to live 
long = y\r sake1 ,i did = ! sake (      
myself & ( ! _w4  ,b ?is po/script y w n
 see be=e      ! pr9t+ ( x1 & ,i w say  
"h1 9 spite ( y1 h[ ,i feel      myself 
hon\r$ & bett]$ by y\r fri5d%ip1 & t if 
,i d      cr$it to ! ,*ur*1 aft] :i* ,i 
always long$1 & = :i* ,i am      n[ go+ 
to give 9 ex*ange ! b>1 ?\gh n at s late
 a p]iod      ( life z ,"y took ord]s1 x
 w be ow+1 9 no small measure1      to  
my hav+ _h ! happ9ess ( call+ ! au?or ( 
8,! ,rambl]0      my fri5d4             
,h4 ,c4        ,ox=d1 ,oct41 #aghb4     
,( ,"y's ,poems x is difficult to give  
any g5]al "*1 = he  has no uni=mity (   

mann]2 "o ( 8 pieces has no great       
resemblance  to ano!r4  ,he began to    
write e>ly & cont9u$ long1 & at diff]5t 
times _h diff]5t modes ( poetical       
excell5ce 9 view4  ,8 numb]s  are       
sometimes smoo? & sometimes rugg$2 8    
/yle is sometimes  concat5at$ &         
sometimes abrupt1 sometimes diffusive & 
sometimes  concise4  ,8 plan seems to h 
/>t$ 9 8 m9d at ! pres5t  mom5t1 & 8    
?\ghts appe> ! effect ( *ance1 sometimes
 adv]se  & sometimes lucky1 ) v little  
op]ation ( judgm5t4  ,he 0 n  "o ( ^?   
writ]s :om exp]i5ce improves1 & :o1     
obs]v+ _!  own faults1 become gradually 
correct4  ,8 poem on ! 8,la/ ,day10 8   
fir/ great p]=mance1 has an equability &
 propriety1 :i* he  aft]w>ds ei!r nev]  
endeav\r$ or nev] atta9$4  ,_m p>agraphs
  are noble1 & few are mean1 yet ! :ole 
is languid2 ! plan is too  mu* ext5d$1 &
 a succession ( images divides & weak5s 
! g5]al  conception1 b ! great reason :y
 ! read] is disappo9t$ is t  ! ?\ght ( !
 ,,la/ ,,day makes e man m ?an poetical 

by  spread+ ov] 8 m9d a g5]al obscurity 
( sacr$ horror1 t  oppresses di/9ction &
 disda9s expression4  ,8 /ory ( 8,jane  
,grey0  0 nev] popul>4  ,x is writt5 )  
elegance en\gh1 b ,jane is too  h]oic to
 be piti$4    8,! ,univ]sal ,passion0 is
 inde$ a v great p]=mance4  ,x is said  
to be a s]ies ( epigrams1 b1 if x be1 x 
is :at ! au?or  int5d$2 8 endeav\r 0 at 
! production ( /rik+ di/i*s &  po9t$    
s5t5ces1 & 8 di/i*s h ! weight ( solid  
s5tim5ts1  & 8 po9ts ! %>pness (        
resi/less tru?4  ,8 *>act]s are  (t5    
select$ ) disc]nm5t & drawn ) nicety2 8 
illu/rations  are (t5 happy1 & 8        
reflections (t5 j4 ,8 species ( satire  
is  betwe5 ^? ( ,horace & ,juv5al1 & he 
has ! gaiety ( ,horace  )\t 8 laxity (  
numb]s1 & ! morality ( ,juv5al ) great] 
v>iation ( images4  ,he plays1 inde$1   
only on ! surface ( life2 he  nev]      
p5etrates ! recesses ( ! m9d1 & !re=e ! 
:ole p[]  ( 8 poetry is exhau/$ by a    
s+le p]usal2 8 conceits please only  :5 
!y surprise4  ,to translate he nev]     

condesc5d$1 unless 8  8,p>aphrase on    
,job0 may be consid]$ z a v]sion1 9 :i* 
he has n1  ,i ?9k1 be5 unsuccessful2 he 
inde$ fav\r$ himself by *oos+ ^?  p>ts  
:i* mo/ easily admit ! ornam5ts (       
,engli% poetry4  ,he _h  lea/ success 9 
8 lyric attempts1 9 :i* he seems to h   
be5 "u  "s malignant influ5ce2 he is    
always lab\r+ to be great1 & at la/  is 
only turgid4    ,9 8 8,night ,?\ghts0 he
 has exhibit$ a v wide display ( orig9al
  poetry1 v>iegat$ ) deep reflections & 
/rik+ allusions1 a  wild]ness ( ?\ght1 9
 :i* ! f]tility ( fancy scatt]s fl[]s  (
 e hue & ( e od\r4  ,?is is "o ( ! few  
poems 9 :i*  blank v]se c\ld n be *ang$ 
= rhyme b ) disadvantage4  ,!  wild     
diffusion ( ! s5tim5ts & ! digressive   
sallies (  imag9ation w\ld h be5        
compress$ & re/ra9$ by conf9em5t to     
rhyme4  ,! excell5ce ( ?is "w is n      
exactness b copi\sness2  p>ticul> l9es  
are n to be reg>d$2 ! p[] is 9 ! :ole1 &
  9 ! :ole !re is a magnific5ce l t     
ascrib$ to ,*9ese  plantation1 !        

magnific5ce ( va/ ext5t & endless       
div]sity4    ,8 la/ poem 0 !            
8,resignation10 9 :i* he made1 z he 0   
accu/om$1 an exp]im5t ( a new mode (    
writ+1 & succe$$ bett]  ?an 9 8 8,ocean0
 or 8 8,m]*ant40  ,x 0 v falsely        
repres5t$  z a pro( ( decay+ faculties4 
,!re is ,"y 9 e /anza1 su*  z he (t5 0 9
 ! highe/ vig\r4  ,8 trag$ies1 n mak+ "p
 (  ! collection1 ,i _h =gott51 till    
,mr4 ,/ev5s recall$ !m to my  ?\ghts1 by
 rem>k+1 t he seem$ to h "o fav\rite    
cata/rophe1  z 8 ?ree plays all conclud$
 ) lavi% suicide1 a me?od by :i*1  z    
,dryd5 rem>k$1 a poet easily rids 8 sc5e
 ( p]sons :om he wants  n to keep alive4
  ,9 ,busiris !re are ! greate/         
ebullitions (  imag9ation1 b ! pride (  
,busiris is su* z no o!r man c h1  & !  
:ole is too remote f kn[n life to raise 
ei!r grief1  t]ror1 or indignation4  ,! 
,rev5ge approa*es mu* ne>] to human     
practices & mann]s1 & !re=e keeps       
possession ( ! /age2 !  fir/ design     
seems sugge/$ by ,o!llo1 b !            

reflections1 !  incid5ts1 & ! diction1  
are orig9al4  ,! moral obs]vations are s
  introduc$ & s express$ z to h all !   
novelty t c be  requir$4  ,( ,! ,bro!rs 
,i may be all[$ to say no?+1 s9ce  no?+ 
0 ev] said ( x by ! public4  ,x mu/ be  
all[$ ( ,"y's  poetry t x ab\nds 9      
?\ght1 b )\t mu* accuracy or  selection4
  ,:5 he lays hold ( an illu/ration he  
pursues x beyond  expectation1 sometimes
 happily1 z 9 8 p>allel ( ,quicksilv] ) 
,pleasure1 :i* ,i h he>d repeat$ )      
approbation by a lady1 (  ^: praise he  
w\ld h be5 ju/ly pr\d1 & :i* is v       
+5i\s1 v subtle1 & almo/ exact2 b       
sometimes he is less lucky1  z :51 9 8  
8,night ,?\ghts10 hav+ x dropp$ into 8  
m9d t  ! orbs1 float+ 9 space1 might be 
call$ ! clu/] ( creation1  he ?9ks ( a  
clu/] ( grapes1 & says1 t !y all hang on
 !  great v9e1 dr9k+ ! 8nect>e\s juice (
 immortal life40  ,8  conceits are      
sometimes yet less valuable4  ,9 ! 8,la/
 ,day0 he hopes to  illu/rate !         
reassembly ( ! atoms t compose ! human  

body at !  8,trump ( ,doom0 by !        
collection ( bees into a sw>m at ! t9kl+
 (  a pan4  ,! ,prophet says ( ,tyre t  
8h] m]*ants are pr9ces40  ,"y  says (   
,tyre 9 8 8,m]*ant10                    
8,h] m]*ants pr9ces1 & ea* deck a       
?rone40    ,let burlesque try to g      
beyond him4    ,he has ! trick ( jo9+ ! 
turgid & famili>3 to buy ! alliance  (  
,brita91 8,climes 7 paid d[n40          
,anti!sis is 8 fav\rite1 8,!y  = k9dness
 hate30 & 8because %e's "r1 %e's ev] 9 !
 wrong40  ,8 v]sification is 8 own2     
nei!r 8 blank nor 8 rhym+ l9es  h any   
resemblance to ^? ( =m] writ]s2 he picks
 up no  hemi/i*s1 he copies no fav\rite 
expressions2 he seems to h laid up  no  
/ores ( ?\ght or diction1 b to owe all  
to ! =tuit\s  sugge/ions ( ! pres5t     
mom5t4  ,yet ,i h reason to believe t1  
:5 once he _h =m$ a new design1 he !n   
lab\r$ x ) v  pati5t indu/ry2 & t he    
compos$ ) great lab\r & frequ5t         
revisions4  ,8 v]ses are =m$ by no c]ta9
 model2 he is no m l  himself 9 8       

diff]5t productions ?an he is l o!rs4   
,he seems  nev] to h /udi$ prosody1 nor 
to h _h any direction b f 8  own e>4  ,b
 ) all 8 defects1 he 0 a man ( g5ius & a
 poet4          ,,mallet4      ,,(      
,david ,mallet1 hav+ no writt5 memorial1
 ,i am able to give no o!r  acc\nt ?an  
su* z is suppli$ by ! unau?oris$        
loquacity ( common  fame1 & a v slight  
p]sonal k4  ,he 0 by 8 orig9al "o  ( !  
,macgregors1 a clan t became1 ab\t sixty
 ye>s ago1 "u !  conduct ( ,rob9 ,roy1 s
 =midable & s infam\s = viol5ce &       
robb]y1 t ! "n 0 annull$ by a legal     
abolition2 & :5 !y  7 all to d5om9ate   
!mselves anew1 ! fa!r1 ,i suppose1 ( ?is
  au?or1 call$ himself ,mallo*4         
,david ,mallo* 01 by ! p5ury ( 8 p>5ts1 
compell$ to be  ,janitor ( ! ,high      
,s*ool at ,ed9burgh1 a mean (fice ( :i* 
he did  n aft]w>ds delight to he>4  ,b  
he surm\nt$ ! disadvantages (  8 bir? & 
=tune2 =1 :5 ! ,duke ( ,montrose appli$ 
to !  ,college ( ,ed9burgh = a tutor to 
educate 8 sons1 ,mallo* 0  recomm5d$2 & 

,i nev] he>d t he di%on\r$ 8 cr$5tials4 
,:5  8 pupils 7 s5t to see ! _w1 !y 7   
entru/$ to 8 c>e2  & hav+ conduct$ !m   
r\nd ! common circle ( modi% travels1 he
  return$ ) !m to ,london1 :]e1 by !    
influ5ce ( ! family 9  :i* he resid$1 he
 naturally ga9$ admission to _m p]sons (
 !  highe/ rank1 & ! highe/ "*--to wits1
 nobles1 & /atesm54  ,( 8 works1 ,i "k n
 :e!r ,i c trace ! s]ies4  ,8 fir/      
production 01 8,william & ,m>g>et20 (   
:i*1 ?\gh x conta9s  no?+ v /rik+ or    
difficult1 he has be5 envi$ !           
reputation2  & plagi>ism has be5 boldly 
*>g$1 b nev] prov$4  ,n long  aft]w>ds  
he publi%$ ! 8,excursion0 7#agbh72 a    
desultory &  caprici\s view ( su* sc5es 
( nature z 8 fancy l$ him1 or 8  k      
enabl$ him1 to describe4  ,x is n devoid
 ( poetical _s4  ,_m ( 8 images are     
/rik+1 & _m ( ! p>agraphs are elegant4  
,! ca/ ( diction seems to be copi$ f    
,?omson1 ^: 8,seasons0 7  !n 9 _! full  
blossom ( reputation4  ,he has ,?omson's
 beauties &  8 faults4  ,8 poem on      

8,v]bal ,criticism0 7#agcc7 0 writt5 to 
pay  c\rt to ,pope1 on a subject :i* he 
ei!r did n und]/&1 or  will+ly          
misrepres5t$2 & is little m ?an an      
improvem5t1 or  r expansion1 ( a fragm5t
 :i* ,pope pr9t$ 9 a miscellany long    
be=e he engraft$ x into a regul> poem4  
,!re is 9 ?is piece m  p]tness ?an wit1 
& m confid5ce ?an k4  ,! v]sification   
is tol]able1 nor c criticism all[ x a   
high] praise4    ,8 fir/ trag$y 0       
,eurydice1 act$ at ,drury ,lane 9 #agca2
 ( :i* ,i  "k n ! reception nor ! m]it1 
b h he>d x m5tion$ z a  mean p]=mance4  
,he 0 n !n too high to accept a prologue
 &  epilogue f ,a>on ,hill1 nei!r ( :i* 
c be mu* comm5d$4  ,hav+  cle>$ 8 tongue
 f 8 native pronunciation s z to be no  
long]  di/+ui%$ z a ,scot1 he seems     
incl9$ to dis5cumb] himself f  all      
adh]5ces ( 8 orig9al1 & took ^u him to  
*ange 8 "n f  ,scot* ,mallo* to ,engli% 
,mallet1 )\t any imag9able reason (     
pref]5ce :i* ! eye or e> c discov]4     
,:at o!r pro(s he gave  ( disrespect to 

8 native c\ntry ,i "k n2 b x 0 rem>k$ ( 
him t he 0 ! only ,scot :om ,scot*m5 did
 n comm5d4  ,ab\t ?is  "t ,pope1 :om he 
visit$ famili>ly1 publi%$ 8 8,essay on  
,man10 b  conceal$ ! au?or2 &1 :5       
,mallet ent]$ "o day1 ,pope ask$ him    
slightly :at !re 0 new4  ,mallet told   
him t ! newe/ piece 0  some?+ call$ an  
8,essay on ,man10 :i* he _h inspect$    
idly1 &  see+ ! utt] inability ( !      
au?or1 :o _h nei!r skill 9  writ+ nor k 
( ! subject1 _h toss$ x away4  ,pope1 to
  puni% 8 self-conceit1 told him !      
secret4    ,a new edition ( ! works (   
,bacon be+ prep>$ 7#agdj7 = ! press1    
,mallet 0 employ$ to prefix a ,life1 :i*
 he has writt5 ) elegance1  p]haps ) "s 
affectation2 b ) s mu* m k ( hi/ory  ?an
 ( sci5ce1 t1 :5 he aft]w>ds und]took ! 
8,life (  ,m>lbor\gh10 ,w>burton rem>k$ 
t he might p]haps =get t  ,m>lbor\gh 0 a
 g5]al1 z he _h =gott5 t ,bacon 0 a     
philosoph]4    ,:5 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales 0  
driv5 f ! palace1 &1 sett+ himself  at !
 head ( ! opposition1 kept a sep>ate    

c\rt1 he endeav\r$ to  increase 8       
popul>ity by ! patronage ( lit]ature1 & 
made ,mallet  8 "u-secret>y1 ) a sal>y (
 two hundr$ p\nds a ye>2 ,?omson        
likewise _h a p5sion2 & !y 7 associat$ 9
 ! composition (  ,! ,masque ( ,alfr$1  
:i* 9 its orig9al /ate 0 play$ at       
,cliefd5 9 #agdj2 x 0 aft]w>ds almo/    
:olly *ang$ by ,mallet1 &  br\ght ^u !  
/age at ,drury ,lane 9 #agea1 b ) no    
great success4  ,mallet1 9 a famili>    
conv]sation ) ,g>rick1 disc\rs+ ( !     
dilig5ce :i* he 0 !n ex]t+ ^u ! 8,life (
 ,m>lbor\gh10 let  him "k t 9 ! s]ies ( 
great m5 quickly to be exhibit$ he  %\ld
 f9d a ni*e = ! h]o ( ! !atre4  ,g>rick 
pr(ess$ to  wond] by :at artifice he    
c\ld be introduc$3 b ,mallet let him "k 
t1 by a dext]\s anticipation1 he %\ld   
fix him 9 a conspicu\s  place4  8,mr4   
,mallet10 says ,g>rick1 9 8 gratitude ( 
exultation1 8h  y left (f to write = !  
/age80  ,mallet !n confess$ t he _h  a  
drama 9 8 h&s4  ,g>rick promis$ to act  
x2 & ,alfr$ 0  produc$4    ,! long      

ret>dation ( ! life ( ! ,duke (         
,m>lbor\gh %[s1 )  /rong conviction1 h[ 
little confid5ce c be plac$ on po/hum\s 
r5[n4  ,:5 he di$1 x 0 soon det]m9$ t 8 
/ory %\ld be  deliv]$ to po/]ity2 & !   
pap]s suppos$ to conta9 ! necess>y      
in=mation 7 deliv]$ to ,"l ,moleswor?1  
:o _h be5 8 fav\rite  9 ,fl&]s4  ,:5    
,moleswor? di$1 ! same pap]s 7 transf]r$
 )  ! same design to ,sir ,ri*>d ,/eele1
 :o1 9 "s ( 8 exig5cies1  put !m 9 pawn4
  ,!y rema9$ ) ! old du*ess1 :o 9 h] w  
assign$ ! task to ,glov] & ,mallet1 ) a 
rew>d ( a ?\s&  p\nds1 & a prohibition  
to ins]t any v]ses4  ,glov] reject$1 ,i 
suppose1 ) disda91 ! legacy1 & devolv$ !
 :ole "w ^u  ,mallet2 :o _h f ! late    
,duke ( ,m>lbor\gh a p5sion to promote  
8 indu/ry1 & :o talk$ ( ! discov]ies :i*
 he _h made2 b  left n1 :5 he di$1 any  
hi/orical lab\rs beh9d him4  ,:ile he 0 
9 ! ,pr9ce's s]vice he publi%$ ,mu/apha 
) a prologue by  ,?omson1 n mean1 b f>  
inf]ior to t :i* he _h receiv$ f        
,mallet = ,agamemnon4  ,! epilogue1 said

 to be writt5 by a fri5d1  0 compos$ 9  
ha/e by ,mallet1 9 ! place ( "o promis$1
 :i* 0  nev] giv54  ,?is trag$y 0       
d$icat$ to ! ,pr9ce 8 ma/]4  ,x  0 act$ 
at ,drury ,lane 9 #agci1 & 0 well       
receiv$1 b 0 nev]  reviv$4  ,9 #agdj he 
produc$1 z has be5 already m5tion$1 ,!  
,masque  ( ,alfr$1 9 conjunction )      
,?omson4  ,= "s "t aft]w>ds he lay  at  
re/4  ,aft] a long int]val 8 next "w 0  
8,amyntor & ,!odora0  7#agdg71 a long   
/ory 9 blank v]se2 9 :i* x _c be d5i$ t 
!re is copi\sness & elegance ( language1
 vig\r ( s5tim5t1 &  imag]y well adapt$ 
to take possession ( ! fancy4  ,b x is  
blank  v]se4  ,?is he sold to ,vaillant 
= "o hundr$ & tw5ty p\nds4  ,!  fir/    
sale 0 n great1 & x is n[ lo/ 9         
=getfulness4    ,mallet1 by address or  
accid5t1 p]haps by 8 dep5d5ce on !      
,pr9ce1  f\nd 8 way to ,bol+broke1 a man
 ^: pride & petulance made 8  k9dness   
difficult to ga9 or keep1 & :om ,mallet 
0 cont5t to c\rt  by an act :i* ,i hope 
0 unwill+ly p]=m$4  ,:5 x 0 f\nd t      

,pope cl&e/9ely pr9t$ an unau?oris$     
pamphlet call$ ! 8,patriot  ,k+10       
,bol+broke 9 a fit ( useless fury       
resolv$ to bla/ 8 memory1  & employ$    
,mallet 7#agdi7 z ! execution] ( 8      
v5geance4  ,mallet  _h n virtue1 or _h n
 _s1 to refuse ! (fice2 & 0  rew>d$1 n  
long aft]1 ) ! legacy ( ,"l ,bol+broke's
 works4    ,_m ( ! political pieces _h  
be5 writt5 dur+ ! opposition to         
,walpole1 & giv5 to ,franckl91 z he     
suppos$1 9 p]petuity4  ,^!1  among !    
re/1 7 claim$ by ! w4  ,! "q 0 ref]r$ to
  arbitrators2 b1 :5 !y decid$ aga9/    
,mallet1 he refus$ to yield  to ! aw>d2 
&1 by ! help ( ,mill> ! booksell]1      
publi%$ all  t he c\ld f9d1 b ) success 
v mu* bel[ 8 expectation4    ,9 #agge   
sic1 8 masque ( ,britannia 0 act$ at    
,drury ,lane1 &  8 trag$y ( ,elvira 9   
#agfc2 9 :i* ye> he 0 appo9t$ keep] (  !
 book ( entries = %ips 9 ! port (       
,london4  ,9 ! beg9n+ (  ! la/ w>1 :5 ! 
nation 0 exasp]at$ by ill success1 he 0 
employ$ to turn ! public v5geance ^u    

,byng1 & wrote a lett] (  accusation "u 
! "* ( a 8,pla9 ,man40  ,! pap] 0 )     
great indu/ry circulat$ & disp]s$2 & he1
 = 8 seasonable  int]v5tion1 _h a       
consid]able p5sion be/[$ ^u him1 :i* he 
reta9$ to 8 dea?4  ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 life
 he w5t ) 8 wife  to ,france2 b aft] a  
:ile1 f9d+ 8 heal? decl9+1 he return$   
alone to ,engl&1 & di$ 9 ,april1 #agfe4 
,he 0 twice m>ri$1 & by  8 fir/ wife _h 
sev]al *ildr54  ,"o daught]1 :o m>ri$ an
  ,italian ( rank nam$ ,cilesia1 wrote a
 trag$y call$ ,almida1 :i* 0  act$ at   
,drury ,lane4  ,8 second wife 0 !       
daught] ( a nobleman's  /ew>d1 :o _h a  
consid]able =tune1 :i* %e took c>e to   
reta9 9  h] own h&s4  ,8 /ature 0       
dim9utive1 b he 0 regul>ly =m$2  8      
appe>ance1 till he grew corpul5t1 0     
agreeable1 & he suff]$ x  to want no    
recomm5dation t dress c\ld give x4  ,8  
conv]sation 0  elegant & easy4  ,! re/ (
 8 "* may1 )\t injury to 8  memory1 s9k 
into sil5ce4  ,z a writ]1 he _c be plac$
 9 any high  class4  ,!re is no species 

( composition 9 :i* he 0 em95t4  ,8     
dramas _h _! day1 a %ort day1 & are     
=gott53 8 blank v]se  seems to my e> !  
e*o ( ,?omson4  ,8 8,life ( ,bacon0 is  
kn[n1 z x  is app5d$ to ,bacon's        
volumes1 b is no long] m5tion$4  ,8     
works  are su* z a writ]1 bu/l+ 9 ! _w1 
%[+ himself 9 public1  & em]g+          
occasionally f "t to "t into notice1    
might keep alive  by 8 p]sonal influ5ce2
 b :i*1 convey+ little in=mation1 &     
giv+ no great pleasure1 mu/ soon give   
way1 z ! succession ( ?+s  produces new 
topics ( conv]sation & o!r modes (      
amusem5t4          ,,ak5side4      ,,m>k
 ,,ak5side 0 born on ! #i? ( ,novemb]1  
#agba1 at  ,newca/le-^u-,tyne4  ,8 fa!r 
,m>k 0 a but*]1 ( ! ,presbyt]ian  sect2 
8 "m's "n 0 ,m>y ,lumsd54  ,he receiv$ !
 fir/ "p (  8 education at !            
gramm>-s*ool ( ,newca/le2 & 0 aft]w>ds  
in/ruct$ by ,mr4 ,wilson1 :o kept a     
private academy4  ,at ! age (  eighte5  
he 0 s5t to ,ed9burgh t he might qualify
 himself = !  (fice ( a diss5t+ m9i/]1 &

 receiv$ "s assi/ance f !  fund :i* !   
diss5t]s employ 9 educat+ "y m5 ( scanty
  =tune4  ,b a wid] view ( ! _w op5$ o!r
 sc5es1 & prompt$  o!r hopes3 he det]m9$
 to /udy physic1 & repaid t             
contribution1  :i* be+ receiv$ = a      
diff]5t purpose1 he ju/ly ?\ght x       
di%on\rable to reta94  ,:e!r1 :5 he     
resolv$ n to be a  diss5t+ m9i/]1 he    
ceas$ to be a diss5t]1 ,i "k n4  ,he    
c]ta9ly reta9$ an unnecess>y & outrage\s
 zeal = :at he call$  & ?\ght lib]ty2 a 
zeal :i* sometimes disguises f ! _w1 &  
n r>ely f ! m9d :i* x possesses1 an     
envi\s desire (  plund]+ weal? or       
degrad+ greatness2 & ( :i* ! imm$iate   
t5d5cy is innovation & an>*y1 an        
impetu\s eag]ness to subv]t &  conf\nd1 
) v little c>e :at %all be e/abli%$4    
,ak5side 0 "o ( ^? poets :o h felt v    
e>ly ! motions (  g5ius1 & "o ( ^?      
/ud5ts :o h v e>ly /or$ _!  memories )  
s5tim5ts & images4  ,_m ( 8 p]=mances 7 
produc$ 9 8 y\?2 & 8 greate/ "w1 8,!    
,pleasures (  ,imag9ation10 appe>$ 9    

#agdd4  ,i h he>d ,dodsley1 by :om x 0  
publi%$1 relate t :5 ! copy 0 (f]$ him1 
! price dem&$  = x1 :i* 0 a hundr$ &    
tw5ty p\nds1 be+ su* z he 0 n  incl9$ to
 give precipitately1 he c>ri$ ! "w to   
,pope1 :o1 hav+  look$ into x1 advis$   
him n to make a nigg>dly (f]2 = 8?is 0  
no e-day writ]40    ,9 #agda he w5t to  
,leyd5 9 pursuit ( m$ical k2 & ?ree     
ye>s aft]w>ds 7,may #af1 #agdd7 became  
,doctor ( ,physic1 hav+1  accord+ to !  
cu/om ( ! ,dut* ,univ]sities1 publi%$ a 
!sis or  diss]tation4  ,! subject :i* he
 *ose 0 8,! ,orig9al & ,gr[? (  ! ,human
 ,foetus20 9 :i* he is said to h dep>t$1
 ) great  judgm5t1 f ! op9ion !n        
e/abli%$1 & to h deliv]$ t  :i* has be5 
s9ce confirm$ & receiv$4    ,ak5side 0 a
 "y man1 w>m ) e notion t by nature or  
accid5t _h be5 connect$ ) ! s\nd (      
lib]ty1 &1 by an  ecc5tricity :i* su*   
dispositions d n easily avoid1 a lov] ( 
contradiction1 & no fri5d to any?+      
e/abli%$4  ,he adopt$  ,%aftesbury's    
fooli% ass]tion ( ! efficacy ( ridicule 

= !  discov]y ( tru?4  ,= ?is he 0      
attack$ by ,w>burton1 & def5d$  by      
,dyson2 ,w>burton aft]w>ds repr9t$ 8    
rem>ks at ! end ( 8  d$ication to !     
,free?9k]s4  ,! result ( all ! argum5ts 
:i*  h be5 produc$ 9 a long & eag]      
discussion ( ?is idle "q  may easily be 
collect$4  ,if ridicule be appli$ to any
 position z !  te/ ( tru? x w !n become 
a "q :e!r su* ridicule be  j2 & ?is c   
only be decid$ by ! application ( tru?1 
z !  te/ ( ridicule4  ,two m5 fe>+1 "o a
 real1 & ! o!r a fanci$  dang]1 w be = a
 :ile equally expos$ to ! inevitable    
consequ5ces ( c[>dice1 contemptu\s      
c5sure1 & ludicr\s  repres5tation2 & !  
true /ate ( bo? cases mu/ be kn[n be=e x
  c be decid$ ^: t]ror is rational & ^: 
is ridicul\s2 :o is  to be piti$1 & :o  
to be despis$4  ,bo? are = a :ile       
equally  expos$ to laught]1 b bo? are n 
!re=e equally contemptible4  ,9  !      
revisal ( 8 poem1 ?\gh he di$ be=e he _h
 f9i%$ x1 he  omitt$ ! l9es :i* _h giv5 
occasion to ,w>burton's objections4  ,he

  publi%$1 soon aft] 8 return f ,leyd5  
7#agde71 8 fir/ collection  ( odes2 & 0 
impell$ by 8 rage ( patriotism to write 
a v  acrimoni\s epi/le to ,pult5ey1 :om 
he /igmatises1 "u ! "n (  ,curio1 z !   
betray] ( 8 c\ntry4  ,be+ n[ to live by 
8  pr(ession1 he fir/ comm5c$ physician 
at ,nor?ampton1 :]e ,dr4  ,/oneh\se !n  
practis$1 ) su* reputation & success1 t 
a  /rang] 0 n likely to ga9 gr\nd ^u    
him4  ,ak5side tri$ !  conte/ a :ile2 &1
 hav+ deaf5$ ! place ) clam\rs =        
lib]ty1 remov$ to ,hamp/ead1 :]e he     
resid$ m ?an two ye>s1 &  !n fix$       
himself 9 ,london1 ! prop] place = a man
 (  accompli%m5ts l 84  ,at ,london he 0
 kn[n z a poet1 b 0  /ill to make 8 way 
z a physician2 & w\ld p]haps h be5 r$uc$
  to great exig5cies b t ,mr4 ,dyson1 ) 
an ard\r ( fri5d%ip t  has n _m         
examples1 all[$ him ?ree hundr$ p\nds a 
ye>4  ,?us  support$1 he advanc$        
gradually 9 m$ical reputation1 b nev]   
atta9$ any great ext5t ( practice or    
em95ce ( popul>ity4  ,a  physician 9 a  

great city seems to be ! m]e play?+ (   
=tune2 8  degree ( reputation is1 = !   
mo/ "p1 totally casual--!y t  employ him
 "k n 8 excell5ce2 !y t reject him "k n 
8  defici5ce4  ,by any acute obs]v] :o  
_h look$ on ! transactions (  ! m$ical  
_w = half a c5tury a v curi\s book might
 be writt5  on ! 8,=tune ( ,physicians40
    ,ak5side appe>s n to h be5 want+ to 
8 own success3 he plac$  himself 9 view 
by all ! common me?ods2 he became a     
,fell[ ( !  ,royal ,society2 he obta9$ a
 degree at ,cambridge2 & 0 admitt$ into 
! ,college ( ,physicians2 he wrote      
little poetry1 b publi%$ f  "t to "t    
m$ical essays & obs]vations2 he became  
physician to ,/4  ,?omas's ,hospital2 he
 read ! ,gul/onian ,lectures 9 ,anatomy2
 b began  to give1 = ! ,croonian        
,lecture1 a hi/ory ( ! revival ( le>n+1 
f :i* he soon desi/$2 & 9 conv]sation he
 v eag]ly =c$  himself into notice by an
 ambiti\s o/5tation ( elegance &        
lit]ature4  ,8 8,disc\rse on ! ,dys5t]y0
 7#agfd7 0 consid]$ z a  v conspicu\s   

specim5 ( ,lat9ity1 :i* entitl$ him to !
 same  height ( place among ! s*ol>s z  
he possess$ be=e among ! wits2  & he    
might p]haps h ris5 to a great]         
elevation ( "* b  t 8 /udies 7 end$ ) 8 
life by a putrid fev] ,june #bc1  #aggj1
 9 ! =ty-n9? ye> ( 8 age4    ,ak5side is
 to be consid]$ z a didactic & lyric    
poet4  ,8 great  "w is ! 8,pleasures (  
,imag9ation10 a p]=mance :i*1 publi%$ z 
x 0 at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree1 rais$        
expectations t 7 n  amply satisfi$4  ,x 
has und\bt$ly a j claim to v p>ticul>   
notice z an example ( great felicity (  
g5ius1 & uncommon aptitude  (           
acquisitions1 ( a "y m9d /or$ ) images1 
& mu* ex]cis$  9 comb9+ & comp>+ !m4  ,)
 ! philosophical or religi\s  t5ets ( ! 
au?or ,i h no?+ to d2 my bus9ess is ) 8 
poetry4  ,! subject is well *os51 z x   
includes all images t c  /rike or       
please1 & ?us comprises e species (     
poetical delight4  ,! only difficulty is
 9 ! *oice ( examples & illu/rations2 & 
x is n easy 9 su* exub]ance ( matt] to  

f9d ! middle po9t  betwe5 p5ury &       
satiety4  ,! p>ts seem artificially     
dispos$1 )  suffici5t coh]5ce1 s z t !y 
_c *ange _! places )\t  injury to !     
g5]al design4  ,8 images are display$ ) 
su*  luxuriance ( expression t !y are   
hidd51 l ,butl]'s ,moon1 by a  8,veil ( 
,light20 !y are =ms fanta/ically lo/ "u 
sup]fluity (  dress4  ,p>s m9ima e/ ipsa
 puella sui4  ,! words are multipli$    
till  ! s5se is h>dly p]ceiv$2 att5tion 
des]ts ! m9d1 & settles 9  ! e>4  ,!    
read] w&]s ?r\gh ! gay diffusion1       
sometimes amaz$1  & sometimes delight$2 
b1 aft] _m turn+s 9 ! fl[]y  labyr9?1   
comes out z he w5t 94  ,he rem>k$       
little1 & laid hold on  no?+4  ,to 8    
v]sification ju/ice requires t praise   
%\ld n be  d5i$4  ,9 ! g5]al fabrication
 ( 8 l9es he is p]haps sup]ior  to any  
o!r writ] ( blank v]se2 8 fl[ is smoo?1 
& 8 pauses  are musical2 b !            
concat5ation ( 8 v]ses is commonly too  
long  cont9u$1 & ! full close does n    
occur ) suffici5t frequ5cy4  ,! s5se is 

c>ri$ on ?r\gh a long int]texture (     
complicat$  clauses1 &1 z no?+ is       
di/+ui%$1 no?+ is rememb]$4    ,!       
exemption :i* blank v]se af=ds f !      
necessity ( clos+ !  s5se ) ! c\plet    
betrays luxuriant & active m9ds into su*
  self-indulg5ce t !y pile image ^u     
image1 ornam5t ^u ornam5t1  & are n     
easily p]suad$ to close ! s5se at all4  
,blank v]se w  !re=e1 ,i fe>1 be too (t5
 f\nd 9 description exub]ant1 9  argum5t
 loquaci\s1 & 9 n>ration tiresome4  ,8  
diction is c]ta9ly  poetical1 z x is n  
prosaic2 & elegant1 z x is n vulg>4  ,he
 is  to be comm5d$ z hav+ few] artifices
 ( disgu/ ?an mo/ ( 8  bre?r5 ( ! blank 
song4  ,he r>ely ei!r recalls old       
phrases1 or  twi/s 8 metre into h>%     
inv]sions4  ,! s5se1 h[ev]1 ( 8 words   
is /ra9$ :5 8he views ! ,ganges f ,alp9e
 heights0--t is1 f  m\nta9s l ! ,alps4  
,& ! p$ant surely intrudes 7b :5 0      
blank v]se )\t p$antry87 :5 he tells h[ 
8,planets absolve !  /at$ r\nd ( ,"t40  
,x is g5]ally kn[n to ! read]s ( poetry 

t he int5d$ to revise  & augm5t ?is "w1 
b di$ be=e he _h complet$ 8 design4  ,! 
re=m$ "w z he left x1 & ! additions :i* 
he _h made1 are  v prop]ly reta9$ 9 !   
late collection4  ,he seems to h some:at
  contract$ 8 diffusion2 b ,i "k n :e!r 
he has ga9$ 9  clos5ess :at he has lo/ 9
 spl5d\r4  ,9 ! additional book !       
8,tale ( ,solon0 is too long4  ,"o great
 defect ( ?is poem is v  prop]ly c5sur$ 
by ,mr4 ,walk]1 unless x may be said 9 8
 def5ce  t :at he has omitt$ 0 n prop]ly
 9 8 plan4  8,8 picture (  man is gr& & 
beautiful1 b unf9i%$4  ,! immortality ( 
! s\l1  :i* is ! natural consequ5ce ( ! 
appetites & p[]s %e is  inve/$ )1 is    
sc>cely once h9t$ ?r\gh\t ! poem4  ,?is 
defici5cy is amply suppli$ by ! ma/]ly  
p5cil ( ,dr4 ,"y1 :o1  l a good         
philosoph]1 has inv9cibly prov$ !       
immortality ( man  f ! gr&eur ( 8       
conceptions & ! meanness & mis]y ( 8    
/ate2 = ?is reason a few passages are   
select$ f ! #8,night  ,?\ghts1' :i*1 )  
^? f ,ak5side1 seem to =m a complete    

view  ( ! p[]s1 situation1 & end (      
man40--8,ex]cises = ,improvem5t 9       
,elocution10 p4 #ff4    ,8 o!r poems are
 n[ to be consid]$2 b a %ort            
consid]ation w  despat* !m4  ,x is n    
easy to guess :y he addict$ himself s   
dilig5tly to lyric poetry1 hav+ nei!r ! 
ease & air9ess ( !  light]1 nor !       
vehem5ce & elevation ( ! gr&] ode4  ,:5 
he  lays 8 ill-fat$ h& ^u 8 h>p 8 =m]   
p[]s seem to des]t  him2 he has no long]
 8 luxuriance ( expression or v>iety (  
images4  ,8 ?\ghts are cold1 & 8 words  
inelegant4  ,yet su* 0 8 love (  lyrics 
t1 hav+ writt5 ) great vig\r & poignancy
 8 8,epi/le  to ,curio10 he trans=m$ x  
aft]w>ds into an ode disgraceful only to
  its au?or4    ,( 8 odes no?+ fav\rable
 c be said2 ! s5tim5ts commonly want    
=ce1 nature1 or novelty2 ! diction is   
sometimes h>% & unc\?1  ! /anzas        
ill-con/ruct$ & unpleasant1 & ! rhymes  
dissonant or  unskilfully dispos$1 too  
di/ant f ea* o!r1 or arrang$ ) too      
little reg>d to e/abli%$ use1 & !re=e   

p]plex+ to ! e>1  :i* 9 a %ort          
composition has n "t to gr[ famili> ) an
  innovation4  ,to exam9e su*           
compositions s+ly _c be requir$2 !y  h  
d\btless bright] & d>k] p>ts2 b1 :5 !y  
are once f\nd  to be g5]ally dull1 all  
fur!r lab\r may be sp>$1 = to :at use  c
 ! "w be criticis$ t w n be read8       
,,gray4      ,,?omas ,,gray1 ! son (    
,mr4 ,philip ,gray1 a scriv5] ( ,london1
 0 born  9 ,cornhill1 ,novemb] #bf1     
#agaf4  ,8 grammatical education he     
receiv$ at  ,eton1 "u ! c>e ( ,mr4      
,antrobus1 8 "m's bro!r1 !n  assi/ant to
 ,dr4 ,george1 & :5 he left s*ool1 9    
#agcd1 ent]$ a  p5sion] at ,pet]h\se1 9 
,cambridge4  ,! transition f ! s*ool to 
! college is1 to mo/ "y s*ol>s1 ! "t f  
:i* !y date  _! ye>s ( manhood1 lib]ty1 
& happ9ess2 b ,gray seems to h  be5 v   
little delight$ ) academical            
gratifications2 he lik$ at  ,cambridge  
nei!r ! mode ( life nor ! fa%ion ( /udy1
 & liv$  sull5ly on to ! "t :5 8        
att5dance on lectures 0 no long]        

requir$4  ,z he int5d$ to pr(ess !      
common law1 he took no degree4  ,:5 he  
_h be5 at ,cambridge ab\t five ye>s1    
,mr4 ,horace ,walpole1 ^:  fri5d%ip he  
_h ga9$ at ,eton1 invit$ him to travel )
 him z 8  companion4  ,!y w&]$ ?r\gh    
,france into ,italy2 & ,gray's 8,lett]s0
  conta9 a v pleas+ acc\nt ( _m p>ts (  
_! j\rney4  ,b  unequal fri5d%ips are   
easily dissolv$2 at ,flor5ce !y qu>rell$
 &  p>t$2 & ,mr4 ,walpole is n[ cont5t  
to h x told t x 0 by 8  fault4  ,if we  
look1 h[ev]1 )\t prejudice on ! _w1 we  
%all  f9d t m5 ^: consci\sness ( _! own 
m]it sets !m above !  compliances (     
s]vility are apt en\gh 9 _! association 
)  sup]iors to wat* _! own dignity )    
tr\blesome & punctili\s  jeal\sy1 & 9 ! 
f]v\r ( indep5d5ce to exact t att5tion  
:i* !y refuse to pay4  ,"p !y did1      
:atev] 0 ! qu>rel2 &  ! re/ ( _! travels
 0 d\btless m unpleasant to !m bo?4     
,gray cont9u$ 8 j\rney 9 a mann]        
suitable to 8 own little  =tune1 ) only 
an occasional s]vant4  ,he return$ to   

,engl& 9  ,septemb]1 #agda1 & 9 ab\t two
 mon?s aft]w>ds buri$ 8 fa!r1  :o _h1 by
 an injudici\s wa/e ( money ^u a new    
h\se1 s mu*  less5$ 8 =tune t ,gray     
?\ght himself too poor to /udy ! law4   
,he !re=e retir$ to ,cambridge1 :]e he  
soon aft] became ,ba*elor (  ,civil     
,law1 & :]e1 )\t lik+ ! place or its    
inhabitants1 or  pr(ess+ to l !m1 he    
pass$1 except a %ort resid5ce at        
,london1  ! re/ ( 8 life4  ,ab\t ?is "t 
he 0 depriv$ ( ,mr4 ,we/1 !  son ( a    
*ancellor ( ,irel&1 a fri5d on :om he   
appe>s to h set a  high value1 & :o     
des]v$ 8 e/eem by ! p[]s :i* he %[s 9  8
 8,lett]s0 & 9 ! 8,ode to ,may10 :i*    
,mr4 ,mason has pres]v$1 z  well z by ! 
s9c]ity ) :i*1 :5 ,gray s5t him "p (    
,agripp9a1 a trag$y t he _h j begun1 he 
gave an op9ion :i*  probably int]cept$ !
 progress ( ! "w1 & :i* ! judgm5t (  e  
read] w confirm4  ,x 0 c]ta9ly no loss  
to ! ,engli% /age  t ,agripp9a 0 nev]   
f9i%$4  ,9 ?is ye> 7#agdb7 ,gray seems  
to  h appli$ himself s]i\sly to poetry2 

= 9 ?is ye> 7 produc$  ! 8,ode to       
,spr+10 8 8,prospect ( ,eton10 & 8 8,ode
 to ,adv]sity40  ,he began likewise a   
,lat9 poem1 8,de ,pr9cipiis ,cogit&i40  
,x may be collect$ f ! n>rative ( ,mr4  
,mason t 8 fir/  ambition 0 to h excell$
 9 ,lat9 poetry2 p]haps x 7 reasonable  
to wi% t he _h prosecut$ 8 design2 =    
?\gh !re is at pres5t  "s emb>rassm5t 9 
8 phrase1 & "s h>%ness 9 8 lyric        
numb]s1 8 copi\sness ( language is su* z
 v few possess2 & 8  l9es1 ev5 :5       
imp]fect1 discov] a writ] :om practice  
w\ld h  made skilful4  ,he n[ liv$ on at
 ,pet]h\se1 v little solicit\s :at  o!rs
 did or ?\ght1 & cultivat$ 8 m9d &      
enl>g$ 8 views  )\t any o!r purpose ?an 
( improv+ & amus+ himself1 :5 ,mr4      
,mason1 be+ elect$ ,fell[ ( ,pembroke   
,hall1 br\ght him a companion :o  0     
aft]w>ds to be 8 editor1 & ^: fondness &
 fidelity has  k9dl$ 9 him a zeal (     
admiration :i* _c be reasonably expect$ 
f ! neutrality ( a /rang] & ! coldness (
 a critic4  ,9 ?is  retirem5t he wrote  

7#agdg7 an ode on ! 8,dea? ( ,mr4       
,walpole's ,cat20  & ! ye> aft]w>ds     
attempt$ a poem ( m importance1 on      
8,gov]nm5t & ,education10 ( :i* !       
fragm5ts :i* rema9 h _m  excell5t l9es4 
,8 next production 7#agej7 0 8 f>-fam$  
8,elegy 9  ! ,*ur*y>d10 :i*1 f9d+ its   
way into a magaz9e1 fir/1 ,i  believe1  
made him kn[n to ! public4    ,an       
invitation f ,lady ,cobham ab\t ?is "t  
gave occasion to an odd  composition    
call$ 8,a ,long ,/ory10 :i* adds little 
to ,gray's "*4  ,sev]al ( 8 pieces 7    
publi%$ 7#agec7 ) designs by ,mr4       
,b5tley2  &1 t !y might 9 "s =m or o!r  
make a book1 only "o side (  ea* leaf 0 
pr9t$4  ,i believe ! poems & ! plates   
recomm5d$  ea* o!r s well t ! :ole      
impression 0 soon b\ght4  ,?is ye>  he  
lo/ 8 "m4  ,"s "t aft]w>ds 7#agef7 "s "y
 m5 ( !  college1 ^: *amb]s 7 ne> 81    
div]t$ !mselves )  di/urb+ him by       
frequ5t & tr\blesome noises1 &1 z is    
said1 by  pranks yet m (f5sive &        
contemptu\s4  ,?is insol5ce1 hav+       

endur$ x a:ile1 he repres5t$ to !       
gov]nors ( ! society1 among  :om p]haps 
he _h no fri5ds2 & f9d+ 8 compla9t      
little  reg>d$1 remov$ himself to       
,pembroke ,hall4    ,9 #agei he publi%$ 
8,! ,progress ( ,poetry0 & 8,! ,b>d10   
two  compositions at :i* ! read]s (     
poetry 7 at fir/ cont5t to gaze  9 mute 
amazem5t4  ,"s t tri$ !m confess$ _!    
inability to  und]/& !m1 ?\gh ,w>burton 
said t !y 7 und]/ood z well  z ! works (
 ,milton & ,%akespe>e1 :i* x is ! fa%ion
 to  admire4  ,g>rick wrote a few l9es 9
 _! praise4  ,"s h>dy *ampions  und]took
 to rescue !m f neglect2 & 9 a %ort "t  
_m 7  cont5t to be %[n beauties :i* !y  
c\ld n see4    ,gray's reputation 0 n[ s
 high t1 aft] ! dea? ( ,cibb]1 he _h  ! 
hon\r ( refus+ ! laurel1 :i* 0 !n be/[$ 
on ,mr4  ,:itehead4  ,8 curiosity1 n    
long aft]1 drew him away f ,cambridge   
to a lodg+ ne> ! ,museum1 :]e he resid$ 
ne> ?ree ye>s1 read+  & transcrib+1 &1 s
 f> z c be discov]$1 v little affect$   
by two odes on 8,oblivion0 &            

8,obscurity10 9 :i* 8 lyric  p]=mances 7
 ridicul$ ) mu* contempt & mu* +5uity4  
,:5  ! ,pr(essor ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory at    
,cambridge di$1 he 01 z he says1        
8cock]$ & spirit$ up10 till he ask$ x ( 
,"l ,bute1 :o s5t him a  civil refusal2 
& ! place 0 giv5 to ,mr4 ,brocket1 !    
tutor ( ,sir  ,james ,l[!r4  ,8         
con/itution 0 weak1 &1 believ+ t 8 heal?
  0 promot$ by ex]cise & *ange ( place1 
he und]took 7#agfe7 a  j\rney into      
,scotl&1 ( :i* 8 acc\nt1 s f> z x       
ext5ds1 is  v curi\s & elegant2 =1 z 8  
compreh5sion 0 ample1 8  curiosity      
ext5d$ to all ! works ( art1 all !      
appe>ances (  nature1 & all ! monum5ts (
 pa/ ev5ts4  ,he naturally contract$ a  
fri5d%ip ) ,dr4 ,beattie1 :om he f\nd a 
poet1 a philosoph]1 & a  good man4  ,!  
,m>es*al ,college at ,ab]de5 (f]$ him a 
degree (  ,doctor ( ,laws1 :i*1 hav+    
omitt$ to take x at ,cambridge1 he ?\ght
  x dec5t to refuse4  ,:at he _h =m]ly  
solicit$ 9 va9 0 at la/  giv5 him )\t   
solicitation4  ,! ,pr(essor%ip ( ,hi/ory

 became  aga9 vacant1 & he receiv$      
7#agfh7 an (f] ( x f ! ,duke (          
,grafton4  ,he accept$1 & reta9$1 x to 8
 dea?2 always design+  lectures1 b nev] 
read+ !m2 uneasy at 8 neglect ( duty1 & 
appeas+ 8 uneas9ess ) designs (         
re=mation1 & ) a  resolution :i* he     
believ$ himself to h made ( resign+ !   
(fice  if he f\nd himself unable to     
dis*>ge x4  ,ill-heal? made ano!r       
j\rney necess>y1 & he visit$ 7#agfi7    
,we/morel& & ,cumb]l&4  ,he  t reads 8  
epi/ol>y n>ration wi%es t1 to travel1 & 
to tell  8 travels1 _h be5 m ( 8        
employm5t2 b x is by /udy+ at  home t we
 mu/ obta9 ! ability ( travell+ )       
intellig5ce &  improvem5t4  ,8 travels &
 8 /udies 7 n[ ne> _! end4  ,!  g\t1 (  
:i* he _h su/a9$ _m weak attacks1 fell  
^u 8 /oma*1  &1 yield+ to no m$ic9es1   
produc$ /rong convulsions1 :i* 7,july   
#cj1 #agga7 t]m9at$ 9 dea?4  ,8 "* ,i am
 will+ to adopt1 z  ,mr4 ,mason has     
done1 f a lett] writt5 to my fri5d ,mr4 
,boswell by !  ,rev4 ,mr4 ,temple1      

rector ( ,/4 ,gluvias 9 ,cornwall2 & am 
z will+ z  8 w>me/ well-wi%] to believe 
x true3--        8,p]haps he 0 ! mo/    
le>n$ man 9 ,europe4  ,he 0 equally     
acqua9t$ ) ! elegant & pr(\nd p>ts (    
sci5ce1 & t      n sup]ficially1 b      
?or\ghly4  ,he knew e bran* ( hi/ory1   
bo? natural & civil2 _h read all !      
orig9al hi/orians (      ,engl&1        
,france1 & ,italy2 & 0 a great          
antiqu>ian4  ,criticism1                
metaphysics1 morals1 politics1 made a   
pr9cipal "p ( 8 /udy2      voyages &    
travels ( all sorts 7 8 fav\rite        
amusem5ts2 &      he _h a f9e ta/e 9    
pa9t+1 pr9ts1 ar*itecture1 & g>d5+4     
,) su* a fund ( k1 8 conv]sation mu/ h  
be5      equally in/ruct+ & ent]ta9+2 b 
he 0 also a good man1 a      man (      
virtue & humanity4  ,!re is no "* )\t "s
      speck1 "s imp]fection2 & ,i ?9k ! 
greate/ defect 9 8 0      an affectation
 9 delicacy1 or r effem9acy1 & a visible
      fa/idi\sness1 or contempt & disda9
 ( 8 inf]iors 9 sci5ce4      ,he also   

_h1 9 "s degree1 t weakness :i* disgu/$ 
,voltaire      s mu* 9 ,mr4 ,congreve3  
?\gh he seem$ to value o!rs *iefly      
accord+ to ! progress !y _h made 9 k1   
yet he c\ld      n be> to be consid]$   
m]ely z a man ( lett]s2 &1 ?\gh      )\t
 bir? or =tune or /ation1 8 desire 0 to 
be look$ ^u      z a private indep5d5t  
g5tleman1 :o read = 8 amusem5t4         
,p]haps x may be said1 ,:at signifies s 
mu* k1 :5 x      produc$ s little8  ,is 
x wor? tak+ s mu* pa9s to leave no      
memorial b a few poems8  ,b let x be    
consid]$ t ,mr4 ,gray 0      to o!rs at 
lea/ innoc5tly employ$2 to himself      
c]ta9ly      b5eficially4  ,8 "t pass$  
agreeably2 he 0 e day mak+      "s new  
acquisition 9 sci5ce2 8 m9d 0 enl>g$1 8 
he>t      s(t5$1 8 virtue /r5g!n$2 ! _w 
& mank9d 7 %[n      to him )\t a mask2 &
 he 0 taught to consid] ev]y?+ z        
trifl+ & unwor?y ( ! att5tion ( a wise  
man except !      pursuit ( k & practice
 ( virtue 9 t /ate :]e9 ,god      ha?   
plac$ u40    ,to ?is "* ,mr4 ,mason has 

add$ a m p>ticul> acc\nt ( ,gray's      
skill 9 zoology4  ,he has rem>k$ t      
,gray's effem9acy 0 affect$  mo/ 8be=e  
^? :om he did n wi% to please20 & t he  
is  unju/ly *>g$ ) mak+ k 8 sole reason 
( pref]5ce1 z  he paid 8 e/eem to none  
:om he did n likewise believe to be     
good4    ,:at has occurr$ to me f !     
slight inspection ( 8 lett]s 9  :i* my  
und]tak+ has engag$ me is1 t 8 m9d _h a 
l>ge grasp2  t 8 curiosity 0 unlimit$1 &
 8 judgm5t cultivat$2 t he  0 a man     
likely to love mu* :]e he lov$ at all2 b
 t he 0  fa/idi\s & h>d to please4  ,8  
contempt1 h[ev]1 is (t5 employ$1  :]e ,i
 hope x w be approv$1 ^u scepticism &   
infidelity4  ,8  %ort acc\nt (          
,%aftesbury 7au?or ( ! 8,*>act]i/ics07  
,i w  ins]t3--        8,y say y _c      
conceive h[ ,"l ,%aftesbury came to be a
      philosoph] 9 vogue2 ,i w tell y3  
fir/1 he 0 a "l2      secondly1 he 0 z  
va9 z any ( 8 read]s2 ?irdly1 m5 are v  
prone to believe :at !y d n und]/&2     
f\r?ly1 !y w      believe any?+ at all1 

provid$ !y are "u no obligation to      
believe x2 fif?ly1 !y love to take a new
 road1 ev5 :5 t      road leads n[h]e2  
six?ly1 he 0 reckon$ a f9e writ]1 &     
seems      always to mean m ?an he said4
  ,w\ld y h any m reasons8      ,an     
int]val ( ab\t =ty ye>s has pretty well 
de/roy$ ! *>m4      ,a dead "l ranks )  
common]s2 vanity is no long] int]e/$ 9  
! matt]1 = a new road has become an old 
"o40    ,mr4 ,mason has add$1 f 8 own k1
 t ?\gh ,gray 0 poor he  0 n eag] (     
money1 & t out ( ! little t he _h he 0  
v will+ to help ! necessit\s4  ,z a     
writ]1 he _h ?is  peculi>ity--t he did n
 write 8 pieces fir/ rudely1 & !n       
correct !m1 b lab\r$ e l9e z x arose 9 !
 tra9 (  composition2 & he _h a notion1 
n v peculi>1 t he c\ld n  write b at    
c]ta9 times1 or at happy mom5ts--a      
fanta/ic fopp]y to  :i* my k9dness = a  
man ( le>n+ & virtue wi%es him to h  be5
 sup]ior4    ,gray's poetry is n[ to be 
consid]$2 & ,i hope n to be look$ on z  
an enemy to 8 "n if ,i confess t ,i     

contemplate x ) less  pleasure ?an 8    
,life4  ,8 ode 8,on ,spr+0 has some?+   
poetical1 bo?  9 ! language & ! ?\ght2 b
 ! language is too luxuriant1 &  !      
?\ghts h no?+ new4  ,!re has ( late     
aris5 a practice (  giv+ to adjectives  
d]iv$ f sub/antives ! t]m9ation (       
p>ticiples2 su* z ! cultur$ pla91 !     
daisi$ bank2 b ,i 0  sorry to see1 9 !  
l9es ( a s*ol> l ,gray1 ! honi$ ,spr+4  
,! morality is natural1 b too /ale2 !   
conclusion is pretty4    ,! poem 8,on ! 
,cat0 0 d\btless by its au?or consid]$ z
 a trifle1  b x is n a happy trifle4  ,9
 ! fir/ /anza1 8! azure fl[]s  t bl[0 %[
 resolutely a rhyme is sometimes made :5
 x _c  easily be f\nd4  ,selima1 ! cat1 
is call$ a nymph1 ) "s viol5ce  bo? to  
language & s5se2 b !re is no good use   
made ( x :5 x  is done2 = ( ! two l9es  
8,:at female he>t c gold despise8       
,:at cat's av]se to fi%80    ! fir/     
relates m]ely to ! nymph1 & ! second    
only to ! cat4  ,! six? /anza conta9s a 
melan*oly tru?1 t 8a fav\rite has no    

fri5d20 b ! la/ ends 9 a po9t$ s5t5ce ( 
no relation to !  purpose4  ,if :at     
gli/]$ _h be5 gold1 ! cat w\ld n h  gone
 into ! wat]2 & if %e _h1 w\ld n less h 
be5 dr[n$4    8,! ,prospect ( ,eton     
,college0 sugge/s no?+ to ,gray :i* e   
behold] does n equally ?9k & feel4  ,8  
supplication to ,fa!r  ,?ames to tell   
him :o drives ! hoop or tosses ! ball is
 useless &  pu]ile4  ,fa!r ,?ames has no
 bett] means ( kn[+ ?an himself4  ,8    
epi!t 8buxom heal?0 is n elegant2 he    
seems n to und]/& !  ^w4  ,gray ?\ght 8 
language m poetical z x 0 m remote f    
common use4  ,f9d+ 9 ,dryd5 8honey      
r$ol5t ( spr+10 an expression  t rea*es 
! utmo/ limits ( our language1 ,gray    
drove x a little  m beyond common       
appreh5sion by mak+ 8gales0 to be       
8r$ol5t ( joy  & y\?40    ,( ! 8,ode on 
,adv]sity10 ! h9t 0 at fir/ tak5 f 8,o  
,diva1  gratum qu regis ,antium20 b     
,gray has excell$ 8 orig9al by !  v>iety
 ( 8 s5tim5ts1 & by _! moral            
application4  ,( ?is  piece1 at once    

poetical & rational1 ,i w n by slight   
objections  violate ! dignity4    ,my   
process has n[ br\ght me to ! wond]ful  
8,wond] ( ,wond]s10 !  two ,si/] ,odes1 
by :i*1 ?\gh ei!r vulg> ignorance or    
common s5se  at fir/ univ]sally reject$ 
!m1 _m h be5 s9ce p]suad$ to  ?9k       
!mselves delight$4  ,i am "o ( ^? t are 
will+ to be  pleas$1 & !re=e w\ld gladly
 f9d ! mean+ ( ! fir/ /anza  ( !        
8,progress ( ,poetry40  ,gray seems 9 8 
rapture to conf\nd !  images ( spread+  
s\nd & runn+ wat]4  ,a 8/ream ( music0  
may be  all[$2 b :]e does 8music10 h[ev]
 8smoo? & /rong10 aft]  hav+ visit$ !   
8v]dant vales1 roll d[n ! /eep ama910 s 
z t  8rocks & nodd+ groves rebell[ to ! 
ro>08  ,if ?is be said (  music1 x is   
nons5se2 if x be said ( wat]1 x is no?+ 
to !  purpose4  ,! second /anza1        
exhibit+ ,m>s' c> & ,jove's eagle1 is   
unwor?y ( fur!r notice4  ,criticism     
disda9s to *ase a s*oolboy to  8        
common-places4  ,to ! ?ird x may        
likewise be object$ t x is  drawn f     

my?ology1 ?\gh su* z may be m easily    
assimilat$ to  real life4  ,idalia's    
8velvet gre50 has some?+ ( cant4  ,an   
epi!t or  metaphor drawn f ,nature      
ennobles ,art2 an epi!t or metaphor     
drawn  f ,art degrades ,nature4  ,gray  
is too fond ( words arbitr>ily          
comp\nd$4  8,_m-tw9kl+0 0 =m]ly c5sur$ z
 n analogical2 we  may say 8_m-spott$10 
b sc>cely 8_m-spott+40  ,?is /anza1     
h[ev]1 has some?+ pleas+4  ,( ! second  
t]n>y ( /anzas1 !  fir/ endeav\rs to    
tell some?+1 & w\ld h told x1 _h x n    
be5 cross$ by ,hyp]ion2 ! second        
describes well en\gh ! univ]sal         
preval5ce ( poetry2 b ,i am afraid t !  
conclusion w n rise  f ! premises4  ,!  
cav]ns ( ! ,nor? & ! pla9s ( ,*ili are  
n ! resid5ces ( 8glory & g5]\s %ame40   
,b t poetry &  virtue g always toge!r is
 an op9ion s pleas+ t ,i c =give  him :o
 resolves to ?9k x true4  ,! ?ird /anza 
s\nds big )  8,delphi10 & 8gean10 &     
8,ilissus10 & 8,me&]10 & 8hall[$        
f\nta9s10 & 8solemn s\nd20 b 9 all      

,gray's odes !re is a k9d (  cumbr\s    
spl5d\r :i* we wi% away4  ,8 position is
 at la/ false4  ,9 ! "t ( ,dante &      
,petr>*1 f :om we d]ive our fir/ s*ool  
( poetry1 ,italy 0 ov]run by 8tyrant    
p[]0 & 8c[>d vice20 nor 0  our /ate mu* 
bett] :5 we fir/ borr[$ ! ,italian arts4
  ,( !  ?ird t]n>y1 ! fir/ gives a      
my?ological bir? ( ,%akespe>e4  ,:at  is
 said ( t mighty g5ius is true1 b x is n
 said happily2 !  real effects ( ?is    
poetical p[] are put out ( sight by !   
pomp (  ma*9]y4  ,:]e tru? is suffici5t 
to fill ! m9d1 fiction is worse  ?an    
useless2 ! c\nt]feit debases ! g5u9e4   
,8 acc\nt (  ,milton's bl9dness1 if we  
suppose x caus$ by /udy 9 ! =mation (  8
 poem 7a supposition surely all[able71  
is poetically true1 &  happily imag9$4  
,b ! c> ( ,dryd51 ) 8 two c\rs]s1 has   
no?+ 9 x peculi>2 x is a c> 9 :i* any   
o!r rid] may be  plac$4    8,! ,b>d0    
appe>s1 at ! fir/ view1 to be1 z        
,alg>otti & o!rs  h rem>k$1 an imitation
 ( ! prophecy ( ,n]eus4  ,alg>otti ?9ks 

x sup]ior to its orig9al2 &1 if pref]5ce
 dep5ds only on !  imag]y & animation ( 
! two poems1 8 judgm5t is "r4  ,!re is  
9 8,! ,b>d0 m =ce1 m ?\ght1 & m v>iety4 
,b to copy is  less ?an to inv5t1 & !   
copy has be5 unhappily produc$ at a     
wrong  "t4  ,! fiction ( ,horace 0 to ! 
,romans cr$ible2 b its revival  disgu/s 
u ) app>5t & unconqu]able falsehood4    
,incr$ulus odi4  ,to select a s+ul>     
ev5t1 & swell x to a giant's bulk by    
fabul\s  app5dages ( spectres &         
pr$ictions1 has little difficulty2 = he 
t =sakes ! probable may always f9d !    
m>vell\s4  ,& x has  little use2 we are 
affect$ only z we believe2 we are       
improv$ only z  we f9d some?+ to be     
imitat$ or decl9$4  ,i d n see t 8,!    
,b>d0 promotes any tru?1 moral or       
political4  ,8 /anzas are too long1     
especially 8 epodes2 ! ode is f9i%$ be=e
 ! e> has le>n$ its  measures1 &        
consequ5tly be=e x c receive pleasure f 
_!  consonance & recurr5ce4  ,( ! fir/  
/anza ! abrupt beg9n+ has  be5          

celebrat$2 b te*nical beauties c give   
praise only to !  inv5tor4  ,x is 9 !   
p[] ( any man to ru% abruptly ^u 8      
subject t has read ! ballad ( 8,johnny  
,arm/rong10                       8,is  
!re ev] a man 9 all ,scotl&--80    ,!   
initial resemblances or allit]ations1   
8ru91 ru?less10 8helm or  haub]k10 are  
bel[ ! gr&eur ( a poem t endeav\rs at   
sublimity4  ,9 ! second /anza ! ,b>d is 
well describ$1 b 9 ! ?ird we h  !       
pu]ilities ( obsolete my?ology4  ,:5 we 
are told t 8,cadwallo  hu%$ ! /ormy     
ma910 & t 8,modr$ made huge ,pl9limmon  
b[ 8  cl\d-topp$ head10 att5tion recoils
 f ! repetition ( a tale t1  ev5 :5 x 0 
fir/ he>d1 0 he>d ) scorn4  ,! weav+ ( !
  w9d+-%eet he borr[$1 z he owns1 f !   
,nor!rn ,b>ds1 b  _! texture1 h[ev]1 0 v
 prop]ly ! "w ( female p[]s1 z  ! act ( 
sp9n+ ! ?read ( life 9 ano!r my?ology4  
,!ft is  always dang]\s2 ,gray has made 
weav]s ( slaught]$ b>ds by a fiction    
outrage\s & incongru\s4  ,!y are !n     
call$ ^u to 8,weave ! w>p  & weave !    

wo(10 p]haps ) no great propriety1 = x  
is by  cross+ ! wo( ) ! w>p t m5 weave !
 web or piece1  & ! fir/ l9e 0 de>ly    
b\ght by ! admission ( its wret*$       
correspond5t1 8,give ample room & v]ge  
en\gh40  ,he has1 h[ev]1 no  o!r l9e z  
bad4  ,! ?ird /anza ( ! second t]n>y is 
comm5d$1  ,i ?9k1 beyond its m]it4  ,!  
p]sonification is indi/9ct4  ,?ir/  &   
hung] are n alike1 & _! features1 to    
make ! imag]y  p]fect1 %\ld h be5       
discrim9at$4  ,we are told 9 ! same     
/anza  h[ 8t[]s are f$40  ,b ,i w no    
long] look = p>ticul> faults2  yet let x
 be obs]v$ t ! ode might h be5 conclud$ 
) an  action ( bett] example1 b suicide 
is always to be _h )\t exp5se  ( ?\ght4 
,^! odes are m>k$ by glitt]+            
accumulations ( ungraceful  ornam5ts1 !y
 /rike r ?an please2 ! images are       
magnifi$ by  affectation2 ! language is 
lab\r$ into h>%ness4  ,! m9d ( !  writ] 
seems to "w ) unnatural viol5ce4        
8,d\ble1 d\ble1 toil &  tr\ble40  ,he   
has a k9d ( /rutt+ dignity1 & is tall by

 walk+ on  tiptoe4  ,8 art & 8 /ruggle  
are too visible1 & !re is too  little   
appe>ance ( ease & nature4  ,to say t he
 has no beauties  w\ld be unju/2 a man l
 him1 ( great le>n+ & great indu/ry1    
c\ld n b produce some?+ valuable4  ,:5  
he pleases lea/1 x c  only be said t a  
good design 0 ill direct$4  ,8          
translations (  ,nor!rn & ,wel% poetry  
des]ve praise2 ! imag]y is pres]v$1     
p]haps (t5 improv$1 b ! language is     
unlike ! language ( o!r  poets4  ,9 ! "*
 ( 8 ,elegy ,i rejoice to concur ) !    
common  read]1 = by ! common s5se (     
read]s uncorrupt$ ) lit]>y  prejudices1 
aft] all ! ref9em5ts ( subtlety & !     
dogmatism (  le>n+1 mu/ be f9ally decid$
 all claim to poetical hon\rs4  ,!      
8,*ur*y>d0 ab\nds ) images :i* f9d a    
mirror 9 e m9d1 &  ) s5tim5ts to :i* e  
bosom returns an e*o4  ,! f\r /anzas1   
beg9n+ 8,yet ev5 ^! bones10 are to me   
orig9al2 ,i h nev] se5  ! notions 9 any 
o!r place1 yet he t reads !m "h p]suades
  himself t he has always felt !m4  ,_h 

,gray writt5 (t5 ?us1 x  _h be5 va9 to  
blame & useless to praise him4          
,,lyttelton4      ,,george ,,lyttelton1 
! son ( ,sir ,?omas ,lyttelton1 (       
,hagley1 9  ,worce/]%ire1 0 born 9      
#agji4  ,he 0 educat$ at ,eton1 :]e he 0
  s mu* di/+ui%$ t 8 ex]cises 7         
recomm5d$ z models to  8 s*oolfell[s4   
,f ,eton he w5t to ,*ri/*ur*1 :]e he    
reta9$  ! same reputation ( sup]iority1 
& display$ 8 abilities to !  public 9 a 
poem on 8,bl5heim40  ,he 0 a v e>ly     
writ] bo? 9 v]se  & prose4  ,8          
8,progress ( ,love0 & 8 8,p]sian        
,lett]s0 7 bo?  writt5 :5 he 0 v "y1 &1 
inde$1 ! "* ( a "y man  is v visible 9  
bo?4  ,! v]ses cant ( %eph]ds & flocks1 
&  crooks dress$ ) fl[]s2 & ! lett]s h  
some?+ ( t  indi/9ct & head/rong ard\r =
 lib]ty :i* a man ( g5ius always  cat*es
 :5 he ent]s ! _w1 & always suff]s to   
cool z he passes  =w>d4  ,he /ay$ n long
 9 ,ox=d1 = 9 #agbh he began 8 travels1 
& saw ,france & ,italy4  ,:5 he return$ 
he obta9$ a seat 9  ,p>liam5t1 & soon   

di/+ui%$ himself among ! mo/ eag]       
oppon5ts  ( ,sir ,rob]t ,walpole1 ?\gh 8
 fa!r1 :o 0 ,commission] ( !            
,admiralty1 always vot$ ) ! ,c\rt4  ,=  
_m ye>s ! "n (  ,george ,lyttelton 0 se5
 9 e acc\nt ( e debate 9 ! ,h\se  (     
,commons4  ,he oppos$ ! /&+ army2 he    
oppos$ ! excise2 he  support$ ! motion =
 petition+ ! k+ to remove ,walpole4  ,8 
zeal 0 consid]$ by ! c\rti]s n only z   
viol5t b z  acrimoni\s & malignant1 & :5
 ,walpole 0 at la/ hunt$ f 8  places1 e 
ef=t 0 made by 8 fri5ds1 & _m fri5ds he 
_h1 to  exclude ,lyttelton f ! secret   
committee4    ,! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 be+   
7#agcg7 driv5 f ,/4 ,james's1 kept a    
sep>ate c\rt1 & op5$ 8 arms to !        
oppon5ts ( ! ,m9i/ry4  ,mr4 ,lyttelton  
became 8 ,secret>y1 & 0 suppos$ to h    
great  influ5ce 9 ! direction ( 8       
conduct4  ,he p]suad$ 8 ma/]1  ^:       
bus9ess x 0 n[ to be popul>1 t he w\ld  
advance 8  "* by patronage4  ,mallet 0  
made ,"u ,secret>y1 ) #bjj1 &  ,?omson  
_h a p5sion ( #ajj a ye>4  ,= ,?omson1  

,lyttelton always  reta9$ 8 k9dness1 & 0
 able at la/ to place him at ease4      
,moore  c\rt$ 8 fav\r by an apologetical
 poem call$ ! 8,trial ( ,selim10  = :i* 
he 0 paid ) k9d words1 :i*1 z is common1
 rais$ great  hopes1 t 7 at la/         
disappo9t$4    ,lyttelton n[ /ood 9 !   
fir/ rank ( ,opposition1 & ,pope1 :o 0  
incit$1 x is n easy to say h[1 to       
increase ! clam\r aga9/ !  ,m9i/ry1     
comm5d$ him among ! o!r patriots4  ,?is 
drew ^u him !  reproa*es ( ,fox1 :o 9 ! 
,h\se imput$ to him z a crime 8         
intimacy ) a lampoon] s unju/ &         
lic5ti\s4  ,lyttelton support$  8 fri5d2
 & repli$ t he ?\ght x an hon\r to be   
receiv$ into  ! famili>ity ( s great a  
poet4  ,:ile he 0 ?us conspicu\s he     
m>ri$ 7#agda7 ,miss ,lucy ,=tescue1 (   
,devon%ire1 by :om he _h a son1  ! late 
,"l ,lyttelton1 & two daught]s1 & ) :om 
he appe>s to  h liv$ 9 ! highe/ degree (
 connubial felicity2 b human  pleasures 
are %ort2 %e di$ 9 *ildb$ ab\t five ye>s
 aft]w>ds1  & he solac$ 8 grief by writ+

 a long poem to h] memory4  ,he did  n1 
h[ev]1 condemn himself to p]petual      
solitude & sorr[1 = aft]  a :ile he 0   
cont5t to seek happ9ess aga9 by a second
 m>riage )  ! daught] ( ,sir ,rob]t     
,ri*1 b ! exp]im5t 0 unsuccessful4  ,at 
l5g?1 aft] a long /ruggle1 ,walpole gave
 way1 & hon\r & pr(it  7 di/ribut$ among
 8 conqu]ors4  ,lyttelton 0 made 7#agdd7
 "o (  ! ,lords ( ! ,treasury1 & f t "t 
0 engag$ 9 support+  ! s*emes ( !       
,m9i/ry4    ,politics did n1 h[ev]1 s   
mu* engage him z to )hold 8 ?\ghts  f   
?+s ( m importance4  ,he _h1 9 ! pride (
 juv5ile  confid5ce1 ) ! help ( corrupt 
conv]sation1 ent]ta9$ d\bts (  ! tru? ( 
,*ri/ianity2 b he ?\ght ! "t n[ come :5 
x 0  no long] fit to d\bt or believe by 
*ance1 & appli$ himself  s]i\sly to !   
great "q4  ,8 /udies1 be+ hone/1 end$ 9 
conviction4  ,he f\nd t religion 0 true1
 & :at he _h le>n$ he  endeav\r$ to tea*
 7#agdg7 by 8,obs]vations on !          
,conv]sion ( ,/4  ,paul10 a treatise to 
:i* infidelity has nev] be5 able to     

fabricate a  speci\s answ]4  ,?is book 8
 fa!r _h ! happ9ess ( see+1 &  express$ 
8 pleasure 9 a lett] :i* des]ves to be  
ins]t$3--        8,i h read y\r religi\s
 treatise ) inf9ite pleasure &          
satisfaction4  ,! /yle is f9e & cle>1 ! 
argum5ts close1      cog5t1 &           
irresi/ible4  ,may ! ,k+ ( ,k+s1 ^:     
glori\s      cause y h s well def5d$1   
rew>d y\r pi\s lab\rs1 & grant      t ,i
 may be f\nd wor?y1 ?r\gh ! m]its (     
,jesus ,*ri/1 to be      an eye-witness 
( t happ9ess :i* ,i don't d\bt he w     
b\ntifully be/[ ^u y4  ,9 ! meantime ,i 
%all nev] cease      glorify+ ,god =    
hav+ end[$ y ) su* useful tal5ts1 &     
giv+ me s good a son4                   
8,y\r affectionate fa!r1                
8,,?omas ,,lyttelton40    ,a few ye>s   
aft]w>ds 7#agea71 by ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 he
 inh]it$ a  b>onet's title1 ) a l>ge    
e/ate1 :i*1 ?\gh p]haps he did n        
augm5t1 he 0 c>eful to adorn by a h\se (
 great elegance &  exp5se1 & by mu*     
att5tion to ! decoration ( 8 p>k4  ,z he

  cont9u$ 8 activity 9 ,p>liam5t1 he 0  
gradually advanc+ 8  claim to pr(it &   
pref]m5t2 & accord+ly 0 made 9 "t       
7#aged7  ,c(f]] & ,privy ,c\ncillor3 ?is
 place he ex*ang$ next ye> = !  great   
(fice ( ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]--an     
(fice1 h[ev]1 t  requir$ "s             
qualifications :i* he soon p]ceiv$      
himself to want4  ,! ye> aft]1 8        
curiosity l$ him into ,wales2 ( :i* he  
has giv5  an acc\nt1 p]haps r ) too mu* 
affectation ( delight1 to  ,ar*ibald    
,b[]1 a man ( :om he has conceiv$ an    
op9ion m  fav\rable ?an he seems to h   
des]v$1 & :om1 hav+ once esp\s$  8      
int]e/ & fame he 0 nev] p]suad$ to      
dis[n4  ,b[]1 :atev]  0 8 moral "*1 did 
n want abilities4  ,attack$ z he 0 by a 
univ]sal outcry1 & t outcry1 z x seems1 
! e*o ( tru?1 he  kept 8 gr\nd2 at la/1 
:5 8 def5ces began to fail him1 he      
salli$  out ^u 8 adv]s>ies1 & 8         
adv]s>ies retreat$4    ,ab\t ?is "t     
,lyttelton publi%$ 8 8,dialogues ( !    
,dead10 :i*  7 v eag]ly read1 ?\gh !    

production r1 z x seems1 (  leisure ?an 
( /udy--r effusions ?an compositions4   
,! names (  8 p]sons too (t5 enable !   
read] to anticipate _! conv]sation2  &  
:5 !y h met1 !y too (t5 "p )\t any      
conclusion4  ,he  has copi$ ,f5elon m   
?an ,font5elle4  ,:5 !y 7 fir/ publi%$  
!y 7 k9dly comm5d$ by ! 8,critical      
,review]s20 & poor  ,lyttelton1 ) humble
 gratitude1 return$1 9 a note :i* ,i h  
read1  ackn[l$gm5ts :i* c nev] be prop]1
 s9ce !y mu/ be paid ei!r  = flatt]y or 
= ju/ice4    ,:51 9 ! latt] "p ( ! la/  
reign1 ! inauspici\s comm5cem5t  ( ! w> 
made ! dissolution ( ! ,m9i/ry          
unavoidable1 ,sir ,george  ,lyttelton1  
los+ ) ! re/ 8 employm5t1 0 recomp5s$ ) 
a  pe]age2 & re/$ f political turbul5ce 
9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords4    ,8 la/ lit]>y    
production 0 8 8,hi/ory ( ,h5ry !       
,second10  elaborat$ by ! se>*es &      
delib]ations ( tw5ty ye>s1 &  publi%$ ) 
su* anxiety z only vanity c dictate4  ,!
 /ory (  ?is publication is rem>kable4  
,! :ole "w 0 pr9t$ twice ov]1 a  great  

"p ( x ?ree times1 & _m %eets f\r or    
five times4  ,!  booksell]s paid = !    
fir/ impression2 b ! *anges & repeat$   
op]ations ( ! press 7 at ! exp5se ( !   
au?or1 ^:  ambiti\s accuracy is kn[n to 
h co/ him at lea/ a ?\s& p\nds4  ,he    
began to pr9t 9 #agee4  ,?ree volumes   
appe>$ 9 #agfd1 a second  edition ( !m 9
 #agfg1 a ?ird edition 9 #agfh1 & !     
conclusion 9  #agga4    ,&rew ,reid1 a  
man n )\t consid]able abilities & n     
unacqua9t$ ) lett]s or ) life1 und]took 
to p]suade ,lyttelton1  z he _h p]suad$ 
himself1 t he 0 ma/] ( ! secret (       
punctuation2 &1 z fe> begets cr$ulity1  
he 0 employ$1 ,i "k n  at :at price1 to 
po9t ! pages ( 8,h5ry ! ,second40  ,!   
book 0 at  la/ po9t$ & pr9t$1 & s5t into
 ! _w4  ,lyttelton took money  = 8 copy1
 ( :i*1 :5 he _h paid ! po9t]1 he       
probably gave  ! re/ away2 = he 0 v     
lib]al to ! indig5t4  ,:5 "t  br\ght !  
,hi/ory to a ?ird edition1 ,reid 0 ei!r 
dead or  disc>d$2 & ! sup]9t5d5ce (     
typography & punctuation 0  committ$ to 

a man orig9ally a comb-mak]1 b !n kn[n  
by ! /yle  ( ,doctor4  ,some?+ uncommon 
0 probably expect$1 & some?+  uncommon 0
 at la/ done2 = to ! ,doctor's edition  
is app5d$1 :at  ! _w _h h>dly se5 be=e1 
a li/ ( errors 9 n9ete5 pages4    ,b to 
politics & lit]ature !re mu/ be an end4 
,"l ,lyttelton _h  nev] ! appe>ance ( a 
/rong or ( a heal?y man2 he _h a sl5d]1 
uncompact$ frame1 & a meagre face2 he   
la/$1 h[ev]1 sixty ye>s1  & 0 !n seiz$ )
 8 la/ illness4  ,( 8 dea? a v affect+  
& in/ructive acc\nt has be5 giv5 by 8   
physician1 :i* w sp>e  me ! task ( 8    
moral "*3--        8,on ,sunday ev5+ !  
symptoms ( 8 lord%ip's disord]1 :i* =   
a week pa/ _h al>m$ u1 put on a fatal   
appe>ance1 & 8      lord%ip believ$     
himself to be a dy+ man4  ,f ?is "t he  
suff]$ f re/lessness r ?an pa92 ?\gh 8  
n]ves 7      app>5tly mu* flutt]$1 8    
m5tal faculties nev] seem$      /rong]1 
:5 he 0 ?or\ghly awake4  ,8 lord%ip's   
bili\s &      hepatic compla9ts seem$   
alone n equal to ! expect$ m\rnful      

ev5t2 8 long want ( sleep1 :e!r !       
consequ5ce ( !      irritation 9 !      
b[els1 or1 :i* is m probable1 ( causes (
 a      diff]5t k9d1 acc\nts = 8 loss ( 
/r5g?1 & = 8 dea?1      v suffici5tly4  
,?\gh 8 lord%ip wi%$ 8 approa*+         
dissolution n to be l+]+1 he wait$ = x )
 resignation4      ,he said1 #8,x is a  
folly1 a keep+ me 9 mis]y1 n[ to attempt
 to      prolong life2' yet he 0 easily 
p]suad$1 = ! satisfaction (      o!rs1  
to d or take any?+ ?\ght prop] = him4   
,on ,saturday      he _h be5 rem>kably  
bett]1 & we 7 n )\t "s hopes (      8   
recov]y4        8,on ,sunday1 ab\t elev5
 9 ! =5oon1 8 lord%ip s5t = me1      &  
said he felt a great hurry1 & wi%$ to h 
a little      conv]sation ) me1 9 ord]  
to div]t x4  ,he !n proce$$ to      op5 
! f\nta9 ( t he>t1 f :5ce goodness _h s 
long      fl[$1 z f a copi\s spr+4      
#8,doctor1' said he1 #8y %all be      my
 confessor3 :5 ,i fir/ set out 9 ! _w ,i
 _h fri5ds :o      endeav\r$ to %ake my 
belief 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion4  ,i saw   

difficulties :i* /agg]$ me1 b ,i kept my
 m9d op5 to      conviction4  ,!        
evid5ces & doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity1 /udi$
      ) att5tion1 made me a mo/ firm &  
p]suad$ believ] ( !      ,*ri/ian       
religion4  ,i h made x ! rule ( my life1
 & x is      ! gr\nd ( my future hopes4 
,i h err$ & s9n$2 b h      rep5t$1 &    
nev] indulg$ any vici\s habit4  ,9      
politics &      public life ,i h made   
public good ! rule ( my conduct4  ,i    
nev]      gave c\nsels :i* ,i did n at !
 "t ?9k ! be/4  ,i h      se5 t ,i 0    
sometimes 9 ! wrong1 b ,i did n err     
design$ly4      ,i h endeav\r$ 9 private
 life to d all ! good 9 my p[]1      &  
nev] = a mom5t c\ld indulge malici\s or 
unju/ designs ^u      any p]son         
:atsoev]4'    8,at ano!r "t he said1    
#8,i mu/ leave my s\l 9 ! same /ate x 0 
9 be=e ?is illness2 ,i f9d ?is a v      
inconv5i5t "t =  solicitude ab\t any?+4'
        8,on ! ev5+1 :5 ! symptoms (    
dea? came on1 he said1 #8,i      %all   
die2 b x w n be y\r fault4'  ,:5 ,"l &  

,lady      ,val5tia came to see 8       
lord%ip1 he gave !m 8 solemn            
b5$iction1 & said1 #8,be good1 be       
virtu\s1 my "l2 y mu/ come      to ?is4'
  ,?us he cont9u$ giv+ 8 dy+ b5$iction  
to all      ar\nd him4  ,on ,monday     
morn+ a lucid int]val gave "s small     
hopes1 b ^! vani%$ 9 ! ev5+2 & he       
cont9u$ dy+1 b      ) v little          
uneas9ess1 till ,tuesday morn+1 ,augu/  
#bb1 :51      betwe5 sev5 & eight       
o'clock1 he expir$1 almo/ )\t a groan40 
,8 lord%ip 0 buri$ at ,hagley1 & !      
foll[+ inscription is cut  on ! side ( 8
 lady's monum5t3--               8,?is  
unadorn$ /one 0 plac$ "h by ! p>ticul>  
desire & express directions ( ! ,"r     
,hon\rable                              
,,george ,,"l ,,lyttelton1              
:o di$ ,augu/ #bb1 #aggc1 ag$ #fd40     
,"l ,lyttelton's ,poems are ! works ( a 
man ( lit]ature & judgm5t1  devot+ "p ( 
8 "t to v]sification4  ,!y h no?+ to be 
despis$1 & little to be admir$4  ,( 8   
8,progress ( ,love10 x is  suffici5t    

blame to say t x is pa/oral4  ,8 blank  
v]se 9  8,bl5heim0 has nei!r mu* =ce nor
 mu* elegance4  ,8 little  p]=mances1   
:e!r songs or epigrams1 are sometimes   
sprightly1 &  sometimes insipid4  ,8    
epi/ol>y pieces h a smoo? equability1   
:i*  _c mu* tire1 because !y are %ort1 b
 :i* seldom elevates or  surprises4  ,b 
f ?is c5sure ought to be except$ 8      
8,advice to  ,bel9da10 :i*1 ?\gh = ! mo/
 "p writt5 :5 he 0 v "y1  conta9s mu*   
tru? & mu* prud5ce1 v elegantly &       
vigor\sly  express$1 & %[s a m9d        
att5tive to life1 & a p[] ( poetry  :i* 
cultivation might h rais$ to excell5ce4