,illu/ration3 ,,w$gwood ,,portl& ,,vase 
,,pott]y                                
,,&                                     
,,porcela91                             
,,f ,,e>ly ,,times              ,,d[n   
,,to ,,! ,,philadelphia ,,exhibition ,,(
 #ahgf4                                 
,,by                          ,,*>les   
,,wyllys ,,elliott4  ,,) ,,"o ,,hundr$  
,,& ,,sixty-,,five ,,illu/rations1 ,,&  
,,! ,,m ,,important ,,m>ks              
,,& ,,monograms4                        
,,new ,,york3                        ,d4
 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company1              
#edi  #eea ,,broadway4                  
#ahgh4                                  
,,copyright ,,by                        
,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company1           
#ahgg4     ,,preface4   ,:at we h       
attempt$ has be5 to ga!r & pres5t1 9 a  
way to be easily und]/ood1 ! mo/        
important facts respect+ ,pott]y &      
,porcela94  ,! /udy ( ?is int]e/+       
subject has = m ?an a c5tury be5 con/ant
 9 ,europe1 & notably s dur+ ! la/      

tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,a correct k ( x may n[
 almo/ be call$ a lib]al education4 ,9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates some?+ has be5 done2 & ! 
public m9d is n[ ask+1 ,:at is x t makes
 'pott]y & porcela9' s attractive to    
s*ol>s1 /atesm51 wom51 & wits8  ,9 "s   
degree we h answ]$ ?is "q4 ,my "p ( ! "w
 has be5 to ga!r :]e ,i c\ld su*        
hi/orical & te*nical facts & su*        
illu/rations z seem$ mo/ valuable1 n    
only to ! /ud5t b to ! collector4  ,_m (
 ^! came f ,europe1 ( c\rse1 :]e s9ce   
,que5 ,anne's day ! love ( old *9a has  
at times ris5 to en?usiasm4 ,b ,i h     
drawn f our own collections :5ev] x has 
be5 possible4 ,9 ! prep>ation & engrav+ 
( ! illu/rations ,i hope ! judici\s     
critic1 z well z ! judici\s public1 w   
give due cr$it to ! publi%]s & _!       
arti/s1 :o1 x seems to me1 des]ve great 
praise = hav+ s well done :at !y h      
und]tak5 to d4 ,p]mit me to say a ^w =  
collectors4  ,busy m5 :o are mak+       
railways & coal-pits1 "u ! pleas+       
illusion t !y are develop+ ! c\ntry m   

?an ! re/ ( u1 are apt to ?9k a man )   
any hobby except t ( mak+ money is wa/+ 
8 "t4  ,i w\ld l to rem9d ! read] t !re 
are a few--_m ( !m "y m5 & "y wom5      
too--:o h money en\gh = all reasonable  
wants1 & :o d n c>e to wa/e "t & life 9 
gett+ m money1 = :i* !y h no special    
uses2 ^! p]sons f9d a p]5nial occupation
 9 ! /udy1 ! comp>ison1 ! pur*as+1 !    
collect+1 ( all t w illu/rate _! subject
 ( /udy--_! hobby4 ,ar\nd ?is subject ( 
pott]y & porcela9 may be gr\p$1 if "o s 
pleases1 all ! habits1 ! wants1 !       
inv5tions1 ! gr[?s1 ( human society4    
,"s h yet a notion t ! /udy ( ! politics
 & ! fight+s ( man is mo/ important2    
o!rs1 h[ man came to be an ,arm9ian or  
an ,augu/9ian2 o!rs1 :e!r ! sun is or is
 n gradually cool+ d[n1 & mu/ f9ally    
cease to be1 or :e!r1 on ! contr>y1 its 
flames are f$ by ! self-sacrific+ />s4  
,)\t detract+ f _! labors1 ,i beg leave 
to say t my great hobby or c5tral fact  
be+ ! home1 ,i hold t :atev] makes t    
int]e/+1 beautiful1 or useful1 is1 or   

%\ld be1 int]e/+1 beautiful1 & useful1  
to all ! _w4 ,i believe t :at we call   
politics1 or gov]nm5t1 is only valuable 
9 t x helps to create & to protect      
desirable homes2 all ! re/--all !       
spee*es1 & processions1 & cr[n+s1 &     
c\rt-balls1 & receptions1 & d9n]s--are  
lea!r & prunella4  ,!re=e ,i believe !  
art ( liv+ is fir/ & =emo/2 to "k h[ to 
make ?is life com=table & beautiful is  
all-important4 ,yet !re is n a tea*] (  
?is great art 9 all ! l&1 al?\gh        
pr(essors are legion4  ,we may well ask1
 :5 we g to a h\se3 ,:at h !y !re to    
tell u--:at to %[ u8 ,:at h !y collect$ 
to int]e/1 to please1 to in/ruct8  ,if a
 p]son has only _m bonds be>+ c\pons    
lock$ up 9 8 safe--delightful z ! fact  
may be to him--:at pleasure or          
satisfaction is t to u8  ,b if 9 t h\se 
are ga!r$ all ! int]e/+ examples ( any  
gr[? ( ,nature or ( ,art1 :at a pleasure
 to g !re6--!y may be beetles1 or       
butt]flies1 or /ones1 or %ells1 or      
silv]s1 or porcela9s4 ,i ?ank ,god t "h 

is a man :o c & does collect--"o :o does
 c>e = some?+ :i* ,i too c>e =4  ,i wi%1
 !re=e1 t e "y man & "y woman w\ld get a
 hobby e>ly 9 life to :i* he or %e c at 
any "t devote "s sp>e "t & sp>e money4  
,ennui1 ! demon :o afflicts ! idle1 is  
?us exorcis$1 & vice loses its *>m+ p[]4
  ,! collector1 too1 does n wa/e 8      
money4 ,!re is n a collection ( pictures
 or ( m9]als1 ( birds or ( butt]flies1 (
 *9as or ( books1 ( armor or ( gems1 (  
laces or ( tape/ries1 if made ) ord9>y  
c>e & k1 b is wor? m--(t5 t5 times or   
fifty times m--?an x has co/4 ,ev5 9 a  
pecuni>y way1 !re=e1 ! hobby is         
productive2 & ! collection is n only z  
int]e/+1 b x is z good z gold4  ,,our   
,,collections4--,( collections (        
porcela9 & pott]y "o mu/ ( c\rse look = 
great exhibitions to ! museums (        
,europe--su* z ! ,k5s+ton ,museum1 9    
,london2 ! ,cluny1 9 ,p>is2 ! ,gre5     
,vaults1 9 ,dresd52 ! ,ori5tal1 at      
,leyd5--& to private collections1 su* z 
! ,ro?s*ilds h made at ,london & at     

,p>is1 to ,lady ,s*reib]'s1 & _m m1 9   
,engl&4  ,:at are accessible to u are ! 
private collections ( "s ( our own p4   
,9 ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,,william ,c4       
,,prime's collection is q l>ge1 numb]+  
"s f\r ?\s& pieces4 ,x is p>ticul>ly    
devot$ to ! porcela9s ( ,europe1 & is an
 excell5t collection4 ,9 x are "s f\r or
 five complete d9n]-s]vices ( old       
,dresd5 & ,svres porcela91 & _m s+le    
pieces :i* rank high4  ,mr4 ,s4 ,p4     
,,av]y's collection ( ,ori5tal porcela9s
 is ! mo/ complete we h1 & is v ri* 9   
all ! dep>tm5ts1 especially ! ,*9ese4 ,8
 pieces ( cele/ial blue numb] m ?an any 
o!r s+le collection 9 ?is c\ntry4  ,9 ! 
,loan ,collection ( ! ,metropolitan     
,museum ( ,art h be5 exhibit$ _m        
examples f ,mr4 ,prime's collection (   
porcela9s1 & ab\t five hundr$ pieces (  
,ori5tal w>e f ,mr4 ,av]y's1 ( ne>ly e  
di/9ctive /yle made 9 ,*9a & ,japan 9 _!
 be/ times4  ,! collection ( ,mr4       
,,rob]t ,,hoe1 ,jr41 is extremely *oice 
9 its admirable specim5s ( ,ori5tal     

porcela94 ,its egg-%ells1 crackles1 &   
cele/ial blues1 are n to be excell$4 ,9 
?is collection are also examples ( o!r  
/yles1 among !m "s ( ! be/ ( old        
,dresd54  ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,&rews1 ( ,new  
,york1 has a v *oice collection (       
,ori5tal porcela91 probably ! be/ 9 !   
c\ntry1 &1 conta9+ ! mo/ ( ! rose-back &
 o!r egg-%ell4  ,mr4 ,,edw>d ,,cunn+ham1
 ( ,milton1 ,massa*usetts1 has _m sup]b 
vases1 "s ( !m ( great size1 obta9$ by  
himself 9 ,*9a4  ,9 ,albany1 ,mr4 ,j4   
,v4 ,l4 ,,pruyn has sev]al complete     
d9n]-s]vices ( ,svres porcela91 made =  
,k+ ,l\is ,philippe1 "o l>ge s]vice (   
,l[e/(t1 & _m o!r individual & int]e/+  
specim5s4 ,"s ( 8 examples ( ,svres     
pa9t+ _c be surpass$4 ,he has also a    
small breakfa/-s]vice ( cele/ial blue1  
m\nt$ 9 silv]1 :i* is excell5t4  ,9     
,bo/on1 ,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,wales's          
collection is v v>i$ & ri*4 ,he has     
excell5t examples ( ,ori5tal & (        
,european porcela9s1 & "s p]fect pieces 
( cele/ial blue4 ,_m ( 8 be/ specim5s   

are on loan 9 ! ,bo/on ,art ,museum4    
,mrs4 ,,anson ,,burl+ame's collection ( 
,*9ese porcela91 at ,cambridge1 made    
:ile 9 ,*9a1 is n l>ge1 b x has 9 x "s (
 ! be/ examples ( ! gre51 ! cele/ial    
blue1 ! rose1 & ! *rysan!mum4 ,"s ( ^! h
 be5 exhibit$ 9 ! ,loan ,collection 9   
,bo/on4  ,dr4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,lewis & ,mr4 ,e4
 ,s4 ,,cl>ke1 ( ,philadelphia1 h small &
 good collections1 p>ticul>ly devot$ to 
,ori5tal porcela9s4  ,mr4 ,w4 ,s4 ,,vaux
 & ,dr4 ,,lewis h made int]e/+          
exhibitions ( ! pott]y ( ,greece & (    
,italy4  ,mr4 ,,joseph ,a4 ,,clay1 (    
,philadelphia1 has a small & valuable   
collection ( e>ly ,p]uvian pott]y1 ( !  
p]iod be=e ! ,spani% ,conque/4 ,!re is  
also a v>i$ collection ( ,s\? & ,nor?   
,am]ican ,indian pott]y 9 ! ,peabody    
,museum at ,cambridge4  ,!re may be1 &  
probably are1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates _m      
int]e/+ collections ( :i* ,i "k no?+4 ,i
 am told t ,mr4 ,,walt]s1 ( ,baltimore1 
& ,mr4 ,,probasco1 ( ,c9c9nati1 bo? h _m
 v r>e & valuable pieces2 b1 ,i regret  

to say1 ,i h _h no opportunity ( see+   
!m4  ,i d n d\bt t ! love = ^! f9e works
 ( man's h& w gr[1 t m & m small        
collections w be begun1 & t "t w make !m
 l>ge & valuable & int]e/+4  ,a ^w (    
caution may be said to gu>d aga9/       
imitations1 :i* ab\nd 9 ,europe4 ,i he> 
n[ t ! ,*9ese & ,japanese are le>n+1 all
 too quickly1 our ,*ri/ian ways (       
c\nt]feit+1 & are likely to bett] !     
in/ruction4  ,9 conclusion1 ,i implore  
our p n to fill _! h\ses ) imitations ( 
old ?+s--n ev5 :5 ! antiques are good is
 x desirable to enc\rage porcela9-pa9t]s
 9 t sort ( ?+3 :5 x comes to copy+     
antiquity :i* is poor1 x is inexcusable2
 & :5 we rea* ! c\nt]feit+ ( ! antique1 
x smacks ( bas5ess4  ,= ?is sort ( ?+   
we1 ! public1 are responsible4 ,! pa9t] 
pa9ts :at w sell4  ,no g5tleman or lady 
%\ld cons5t to be %abby1 or to help o!r 
p along t facile road4 ,let u keep our  
eyes op5 to any & all new "w :i* is     
good1 & especially to all :i* %[s       
orig9ality & c\rage on ! "p ( model]s or

 ( pa9t]s4 ,let u mod]ns admire ! good 9
 ! ,ori5tals1 b let u wor%ip our own    
gods1 & d>e & d = ourselves4  ,z f> z   
practicable1 ,i h 9 ^! pages po9t$ to   
examples1 & h illu/rat$ by su* z are    
own$ 9 ?is c\ntry2 s t _m p]sons :o wi% 
to exam9e ^! int]e/+ works ( fictile art
 may see !m = !mselves4  ,! public      
collections are ( c\rse all op52 & ,i am
 glad to say t private collectors seem  
will+ & ready to op5 _! collections to  
/ud5ts z mu* z possible4 ,x is human &  
pleasant to wi% t o!rs %\ld enjoy :at we
 enjoy4  ,m>ks1 & especially ^u         
porcela91 are n ! mo/ important ?+2 b   
/ill !y are important1 & to _m are mo/  
satisfactory4 ,i h !re=e includ$ 9 ?is  
volume all ! prom95t ones2 s t ! book w 
be f\nd useful n only to ! collector at 
home1 b also to him :o travels abroad4  
,! travel] :o has a wise hobby gets a   
?\s& times m pleasure f 8 travels ?an he
 :o has no purpose except *ange ( place 
& aimless movem5t4 ,i sugge/ to ! man :o
 has none to try pott]y & porcela94  ,z 

to prices ( porcela91 etc41 ,i h giv5 ^?
 paid at actual sales :5ev] ,i c\ld f9d 
!m2 !y w be ( s]vice to buy]s &         
collectors1 z some?+ ( a guide to :at !y
 may safely pay4  ,books :i* may be     
ref]r$ to1 & especially su* z may be    
f\nd 9 "s ( our public libr>ies1 are    
giv5 at ! end ( ! volume4  ,i hope !    
public w buy ?is book1 & also good      
pott]y & porcela94  ,c4 ,w4 ,e4         
,,cont5ts4   ,,*apt] ,i4  ,,unglaz$     
,,pott]y4  ,! ,pott]y ( ! ,/one         
,age4--,! ,lacu/r9e ,dwell+s4--,vases ( 
! ,bronze ,age4--,p]uvian               
,pott]y4--,mexican ,pott]y4--,pott]y (  
,we/]n ,m\nds4--,! ,cesnola             
,collections4--,roman ,pott]y4--,saxon &
 ,sc&9avian ,pott]y4--,! ,pott]y (      
,anci5t ,gaul--( ,anci5t                
,g]many44444,,page #ac  ,,*apt] ,,ii4   
,,unglaz$ ,,pott]y4--,,! ,,greek ,,vase4
  ,palaces ( ,hom]'s ,h]oes4--,!        
,c]amicus at ,a!ns4--,egyptian          
,pott]y4--,etruscan ,tombs4--,good &    
,bad ,vases4--,age ( ,vases4--,v>i\s    

,/yles4--,! ,ar*aic ,/yle4--,! ,f9e     
,/yle4--,beauty a                       
,bir?right4--,aspasia's ,h\se4--,names (
 ,vases4--,! ,cup ( ,arcesilaus4--,numb]
 ( ,extant ,vases4--,_! ,uses4--,!      
,greek ,h\ses4--,greek ,wom54--,greek   
,m54--,! ,hetairai4--,etruscan          
,vases44444#bi  ,,*apt] ,,iii4          
,,unglaz$ ,,pott]y ,,at ,,! ,,great     
,,exhibition ,,( #ahgf4  ,unglaz$       
,wat]-,colors4--,clay                   
,sket*es4--,japanese ,clay              
,figures4--,spani% ,pots4--,italian     
,peasant                                
,pott]y4--,egyptian4--,turki%4--,mexican
4--,watcombe ,t]ra-cotta4--,cop5hag5    
,pott]y44444#fc  ,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,,glaz$ 
,,pott]y4--,,gr,s ,,de ,,fl&re1 ,,fr5*1 
,,g]man1 ,,etc4  ,def9ition (           
,glaze4--,v>ni%4--,enamel 9 ,egypt1     
,babylon4--,! ,arabs & ! ,moors4--,grs  
de ,fl&re4--,cologne1 ,reg5sburg1       
,baireu?1 ,neuwi$1 ,gr5zhaus51          
,cobl5tz4--,holl&4--,beauvais4--,fl&]s4-
-,apo/le-,mugs4                         

--,graybe>ds4--,bell>m9es4--,pottle-,pot
s4--,mod]n ,"w4--,d\lton                
,/one-w>e4--,e>ly ,g]man ,/one-w>e at   
,breslau4--,hirs*vogel4                 
--,nuremb]g44444#fi  ,,*apt] ,v4        
,,glaz$ ,,pott]y4--,,moori%1 ,,p]sian1  
,,rhodian1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4  ,! ,arabs 9  
,spa94--,cordova1 ,granada1             
,seville4--,enamel &                    
,lu/res4--,hispano-,moresque4--,!       
,alhambra4--,tiles4--,vase ( !          
,alhambra4--,malaga4--,majorca &        
,maiolica4--,rhodian ,pott]y4--,damascus
 ,pott]y4--,p]sian & ,arabic            
,pott]y4--,p]sian ,porcela94--,p]sian & 
,arabic ,tiles44444#ha  ,,*apt] ,,vi4   
,,glaz$ ,,pott]y4--,,italian            
,,maiolicas4  ,! ,^w ,maiolica1 or      
,majolica4--,italian ,r5aissance4--,!   
,d>k ,ages4--,! ,crusades4--,!          
,mezza-,maiolica4--,! ,true             
,maiolica4--,luca della                 
,robbia4--,urb9o4--,xanto &             
,fontana4--,raffaelesque ,w>e4--,mr4    
,=tnum4--,prices                        

to-day4--,gubbio4--,mae/ro ,giorgio4--,!
 ,lu/res4--,ca/el-,durante4--,fa5za4--,!
 ,sgraffito4--,=li1 ,v5ice1 ,ca/elli1   
etc4--,ca/ellani4--,maiolicas at !      
,c5t5nial44444#ie  ,,*apt] ,,vii4       
,,fr5* ,,fai5ce4--,,palissy ,,w>e1 ,,&  
,,h5ri-,,deux ,,w>e4  ,b]n>d            
,palissy4--,! ,ca?olics & !             
,hugu5ots4--,sa9tes4--,figur9es4--,!    
,c5t5nial                               
,exhibition4--,prices4--,h5ri-,deux--:]e
 made--:54--,copies at                  
,philadelphia4--,li/ ( ,pieces extant1 &
 ,prices44444#abc  ,,*apt] ,,viii4      
,,fr5* ,,fai5ce4--,,nev]s1 ,,r\51       
,,beauvais1 ,,etc4  ,numb] (            
,manufactories4--,_! ,rise &            
,decl9e4--,nev]s4--,prices4--,beauvais4-
-,r\54--,m\/i]s4--,/rasb\rg1 or         
,hagu5au4--,m>seilles4--,s>reguem9es4--,
s9c5y1 ,nancy1 ,creil1                  
,montpelli]4--,p>is4--,p>is             
to-day4--,limoges4--,deck44444#ach      
,,*apt] ,,ix4  ,,dut* ,,delft ,,&       
,,engli% ,,e>!n-,,w>e4  ,delft1 ,numb] (

 ,fabriques4--,ha>lem4--,pa/e4--,great  
,pa9t]s4--,viol9s4--,tea-,s]vices4--,a  
,dut* ,/able4--,broeck ,dut*            
,tiles4--,engl&4--,que5                 
,elizabe?4--,pepys's ,di>y4--,br[n      
,/one-w>e4--,! ,tyg4--,lambe?           
,pott]y4--,fulham                       
,pott]y4--,el]s4--,elizabe?an           
,pott]y4--,/oke-^u-,tr5t4--,josiah      
,w$gwood4--,*eapness4--,que5's-w>e4     
--,jasp]-w>e4--,flaxman4--,cameos4--,bas
alt4--,! ,portl&                        
,vase4--,prices44444#aec  ,,*apt] ,x4   
,,! ,,porcela9 ,,( ,,*9a4               
,difficulties4--,! ,porcela9 ,t[] at    
,nank+4--,fir/ ,mak+ (                  
,porcela94--,kaol9 & ,pe-tun-tse4--,m>co
 ,polo4--,portuguese ,importation4--,!  
,city ( ,k+-te-*94--,jacquem>t's        
,gr\ps4--,symbolic                      
,decoration4--,inscriptions4--,! ,m+    
,p]iod4--,! ,cele/ial ,blue4--,!        
,celadons4--,reticulat$ ,cups4--,!      
,crackle4--,v>i\s                       
,p]iods4--,individualism4 --,m>ks &     

,dates44444#age  ,,*apt] ,,xi4  ,,!     
,,porcela9 ,,( ,,japan4  ,corean        
,porcela94--,katosiro-ouye-mon4--,!     
,prov9ce ( ,ids\mi4--,/yles prevail+ 9  
,japan4--,m>ks4--,japanese              
,blue4--,indian ,porcela94--,dut* ,ea/  
,india ,company4--,egg-%ell &           
,crackle4--,m&>9 ,*9a4--,kaga           
,w>e4--,satsuma ,w>e4--,japanese        
,art4--,! ,philadelphia                 
,exhibition44444#baj  ,,*apt] ,,xii4    
,,! ,,porcela9s ,,( ,,c5tral            
,,europe--,,dresd51 ,,b]l91 ,h,,*/1     
,,etc4  ,dresd5 ,*9a4--,porcela9 9      
,europe4--,! ,al*emi/s4--,augu/us       
,,ii4--,bttg]4--,ts*irnhaus4--,exp]im5ts
4--,kaol9 discov]$4--,hroldt &          
,kndl]4--,f9e ,art1 or ,decorative      
,art4--,l9d5ir4--,angelica              
,kauffmann4--,rococo-,"w4--,collectors4-
-,m>col9i4--,prices4--,m>ks4--,b]l94    
--,! ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w>4--,fr$]ick !      
,great4--,prices4--,m>ks4--,vi5na4      
--,/5zel4--,m>ia                        
,!resa4--,lampre*t4--,prices4--,m>ks4--,

hung>y4--,h]5d4 --,fis*]4--,m>ks4--,h*/1
 or                                     
,may5ce4--,r+l]4--,m>ks4--,frank5?al1 or
 ,bav>ian4--,c>l                        
,!odor4--,mel*ior4--,prices4--,m>ks4--,f
r/5burg1 or ,brunswick4--,von           
,lang4--,prices4--,m>ks4--,nymph5burg4--
,he9tzmann &                            
,l9demann4--,prices4--,m>ks4--,ludwigsbu
rg1 or ,kron5burg4--,fulda4             
--,hesse-,cassel4--,switz]l&4--,m>ks4444
4#bbi  ,,*apt] ,,xiii4  ,,! ,,porcela9  
,,( ,,france--,,/4-,,cl\d1 ,,*antilly1  
,s,,vres1 ,,etc4  ,h>d & ,s(t           
,porcela94--,discov]y (                 
,kaol94--,/4-,cl\d4--,pte               
,t5dre4--,m>ks4--,r\54--,small          
,manufactories4--,m>ks (                
same4--,*antilly4--,scaux-,p5?ivre4--,ni
d]vill]4--,m>ks4--,limoges4             
--,svres4--,fl[]-,"w4--,h>d ,porcela91  
,pte ,dure4--,! ,gr& ,mon>que4 --,florid
 ,ta/e4--,b\*]4--,vieux ,svres4--,?ree  
,vases4--,greek ,vases4--,prices at     
,b]nal ,sale4--,*emi/s4--,colors        

us$4--,collections4--,art               
,museums4--,alex&ra ,brongni>t4--,m>ks &
 ,dates44444#bec  ,,*apt] ,,xiv4  ,,!   
,,porcela9s ,,( ,,s\!rn                 
,,europe--,,italy1 ,,spa91 ,,etc4       
,flor5t9e1 or ,m$icean4--,is x a ,true  
,porcela98--,! ,h\se (                  
,m$ici4--,m>ks4--,doccia ,porcela94--,! 
,marquis,ginori4--,bec*]oni4--,pres5t   
,"w4--,m>ks4--,v5ice4--,vezzi4--,cozzi4-
-,m>ks4--,tur94--,gioanetti4--,m>ks4    
--,nove4--,t]raglia4--,m>ks4--,capo di  
,monte4--,naples4--,9                   
,relief4--,m>ks4--,spani%               
,porcela94--,bu5                        
,retiro4--,m>ks4--,portugal44444#bgd    
,,*apt] ,,xv4  ,,! ,,porcela9s ,,(      
,,engl&4                                
,b[4--,*elsea4--,d]by4--,*elsea-,d]by4--
,l[e/(t4--,worce/]4--,*amb]la9s4        
--,plym\?4--,bri/ol4--,p9xton4--,nantg>a
w4--,swansea4--,turn]s4--,coalport4     
--,coalbrookdale4--,h]culaneum4--,%elton
1 ,new ,hall4--,rock+ham4--,spode1      
,copel&4--,place4--,daniell4--,m9ton4--,

prices & ,m>ks44444#bhh  ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 
,,! ,,porcela9s ,,( ,,nor!rn ,,europe4  
,holl& & ,belgium4--,ori5tal            
,trade4--,weesp4--,m>ks4--,loosdre*t4--,
am/el1 ,old & ,new4--,m>ks4--,!         
,hague4--,m>ks4--,lille4--,m>k4--,t\rnay
4--,m>ks4--,sw$54--,gu/avus ,adolphus & 
,*>les                                  
,,xii4--,m>ieb]g4--,rr/r&4--,m>ks4--,d5m
>k4                                     
--,cop5hag54--,m>ks4--,russia4--,pet] ! 
,great4--,ca!r9e ,,ii4--,m>ks4          
--,tv]4--,g>dn]4--,mosc[4--,pop(f4--,gul
5a4--,m>k4--,pol&4--,korzec44444#cai    
,,*apt] ,,xvii4  ,,pott]y ,,& ,,porcela9
 ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4  ,! ,fir/     
,porcela9 made "h4--,bonn9 &            
,morris4--,frankl9 ,in/itute4--,william 
,ellis ,tuck]4--,tuck] &                
,hemphill4--,?omas ,tuck]4--,g5]al      
,tyndale4--,porcela9 ( ,t4 ,c4 ,smi? &  
,sons4--,e>ly ,adv]tisem5ts4--,josiah   
,w$gwood4--,"l ,%effield's              
,report4--,alex&] ,hamilton's           
,report4--,hi/ory ( ,norwi*4--,samuel   

,d5nis1 ,new ,hav54--,isaac ,han=d1     
,h>t=d4--,gallat9's ,report4--,!        
,wa%+ton ,pit*]s4--,lyman & ,f5ton1     
,v]mont4--,r\se & ,turn]1 ,new          
,j]sey4--,pott]ies at ,tr5ton4--,9      
,ohio4--,! ,c5t5nial                    
,exhibition44444#cca      ,,pott]y ,,&  
,,porcela94     ,,*apt] ,i4  ,,unglaz$  
,,pott]y4       ,! ,pott]y ( ! ,/one    
,age4--,! ,lacu/r9e ,dwell+s4--,vases ( 
! ,bronze ,age4--,p]uvian               
,pott]y4--,mexican ,pott]y4--,pott]y (  
,we/]n ,m\nds4--,! ,cesnola             
,collections4--,roman ,pott]y4--,saxon  
& ,sc&9avian ,pott]y4--,! ,pott]y (     
,anci5t ,gaul--( ,anci5t      ,g]many4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--;,b[l ( !     
,/one ,age4  ,s anci5t is ! pott]'s art 
t x may be said to h begun ) ! beg9n+s (
 man4 ,a belief exi/s /ill 9 ,silesia t 
!re is a m\nta9 out ( :i* cups & jugs   
spr+ spontane\sly1 z ! mu%rooms %oot f !
 moi/ soil ( ! pla9s4 ,int]wov51 !n1 z  
pott]y is ) ! hi/ory ( ! race1 hav+     
relations daily & h\rly ) man's univ]sal

 & greate/ vocation--! prep>ation ( !   
food :i* supports & cont9ues life--x has
 _h & w h an int]e/ z vital z x is      
wide-spread4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#b4--,vase ( ! ,/one ,age4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,vase ( !     
,bronze ,age4  ,,man ,a ,,cook+         
,,animal4--,man is ! only cook+ animal1 
s f> z ,i "k4 ,x is easy to believe t   
ar*aic man1 :5 he began to evolve f !   
animal /ate1 at once began to inv5t1 &  
t1 aft] he _h discov]$ ! uses ( fire1 ! 
fir/ ne$ 0 ( vessels :i* c\ld be us$ ^u 
! fire to see! & boil4  ,& :at d we f9d8
  ,,! ,,re9de] ,,age--,,! ,,/one        
,,age4--,( prehi/oric times1 :5 ! re9de]
 rov$ free ov] ,europe1 ev5 to ! %ores (
 ! ,m$it]ranean1 9 ! ,/one age1 ev5 :5  
man liv$ 9 caves & 0 only able to fa%ion
 ?+s ) /ones1 a few pots h be5 f\nd1 %[+
 h[ e>ly 8 wants l$ him to fa%ion ?+s ( 
clay4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--,vase (
 ! ,bronze ,age4  ,! ,,lacu/r9e         
,,dwell+s ( ! ,/one ,age h giv5 up a few
 traces ( m54 ,! rema9s ( lake-dwell]s h

 be5 f\nd mo/ly 9 ,switz]l&1 b some:at 9
 ,irel& & ,scotl&4 ,^! reveal a p :o    
built _! huts = safety ^u piles or ^u   
fasc9es an*or$ 9 ! small lakes4 ,a      
v>iety ( int]e/+ ?+s1 consi/+ (         
spe>-heads1 knives1 hat*ets1 etc41 h be5
 f\nd1 "s ( fl9t1 "s ( bone1 & "s (     
bronze4 ,among ^!1 :i* p]ta9 to our     
subject1 are a few pots ( clay1 :i* h   
surviv$ ! gnaw+ too? ( ,"t4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,bronze ,age4
  ,9 ,figs4 #a & #b are to be se5 two ( 
^!4 ,!y are co>se & clumsy1 & are (     
blacki%-gray clay1 h>d5$ 9 ! sun or 9 an
 insuffici5t fire4 ,!y are n turn$ ^u a 
:eel1 b %[ m>ks ( ! f+]s impress$ 9 !   
s(t clay4 ,yet we _c b be /ruck ) ! fa9t
 attempt at decoration to be se5 on !   
foot ( "o ( !m1 ev5 9 t era ( savag5ess4
  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--;,bronze    
,age4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4             
#g4--;,bronze ,age4  ,! ,,bronze ,,age  
yields up pott]y :i* does n yet %[ !    
inv5tion ( ! pott]'s :eel4 ,! "w is /ill
 m\ld$ by ! h&1 b ! clay is bett]1 & !  

=ms beg9 to %[ cle> indications ( a s5se
 ( proportion & a consid]able degree (  
*oice4 ,! %apes are 9 great] v>iety1 &  
"s ( !m c]ta9ly are good4 ,( ! five     
examples 7,figs4 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 & #g7  
none are v bad1 & two 7,figs4 #c & #d71 
if n ?ree1 are excell5t4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #h4--,p]uvian4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #i4--,p]uvian4  ,! po9t$ bottom  
appe>s "h z x does 9 ! e>ly =ms ( !     
,greek amphora2 &1 z ! illu/rations %[1 
?is involves a necessity = a fur!r      
inv5tion 9 ! tripods ^u :i* !y re/4 ,i h
 se5 no explanation ( ?is m difficult   
con/ruction1 & c ?9k ( none4 ,x is      
c]ta9ly no easi] to make ! po9t$ ?an !  
flat bottom1 & x c]ta9ly is n s useful4 
,:y1 !n1 0 x s common8 ,i c only suppose
 t :5 fir/ made ! po9t 0 int5d$ to be   
?ru/ into ! gr\nd2 b ! mom5t !y _h hit  
^u ! flat bottom1 t mom5t ! po9t1 ,i    
%\ld fancy1 w\ld h be5 ab&on$2 b x      
evid5tly 0 n4 ,p]haps !y lov$ ! old z "s
 ( u d1 n because x 0 good1 b because x 
0 old4 ,:o c tell8  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4

 #aj4--;,anci5t ,p]u4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #aa4--;,anci5t ,p]u4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--;,anci5t     
,p]u4  ,h[ e>ly ! v>i$ decoration %[$   
itself we _c "k1 b 9 _m examples ( e>ly 
fictile "w1 ! me&]1 ! *evron or         
saw-too?1 & ! fret1 n[ call$ ! ,greek   
fret1 are sure to appe>--& among ! mo/  
div]se & di/ant nations2 s1 too1 ! =ms &
 ! uses ( ! vessels4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #ac4--;,anci5t ,p]u4  ,d n ^! ?+s
 %[ t man develops ev]y:]e along a      
correspond+ l9e8 ,!y h n copi$ f "o     
ano!r1 b a l want has produc$ a simil>  
result 9 all4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4     
#ad4--;,anci5t ,p]u4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #ae4--;,anci5t ,p]u4  ,z we      
approa* ! hi/oric ages1 we f9d among !  
,egyptians1 ! ,mexicans1 ! ,p]uvians1 ! 
,greeks1 ! ,assyrians1 ! ,romans1 !     
,gauls1 ! ,g]mans1 ! use ( ! pott]'s    
:eel1 "o ( ! e>lie/ ma*9es made by man4 
,( ! ,egyptian & ,greek pott]y ,i %all h
 some?+ to say 9 a *apt] ^u ! ,greek    
,vase4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4            

#af4--,roman ,cup4  ,! ,,mexican pott]y1
 sometimes call$ ,aztec1 is usually (   
r$di% clay1 & ! vessels are almo/       
id5tical 9 =m & decoration ) ^? ( !     
,p]uvians1 :i* w appe> 9 _! place4 ,!y  
are ( great v>iety1 & mu/ h be5 made 9  
l>ge numb]s4 ,! ,mexicans also made     
grotesques & idols ( clay1 :i* are      
usually hide\s1 & are int5d$ to be2 = ! 
gods ( evil 7 ^? !y fe>$ & wor%ip$ mo/4 
,^! pott]ies are ( unglaz$ clay1 z are  
all ^? we are n[ treat+4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #ag4--,roman ,vase4  ,!          
civilizations :i* organiz$ !mselves 9   
,mexico h always be5 an int]e/+ & curi\s
 /udy4 ,:5 ,cortez & 8 conqu]+1         
gold-seek+ :ite m5 rea*$ ! high l&s ( ! 
beautiful int]ior 7#aeag71 !y f\nd !    
spl5did city ( ,mexico1 built ov] &     
along ! %ores ( ! inl& lake1 & /ret*+   
t[>d ! foot-hills :i* protect x f       
unfri5dly w9ds4 ,"h ! ,aztecs _h        
organiz$ society4 ,!y _h succe$$ to !   
,toltecs1 a prosp]\s1 indu/ri\s1 &      
probably a peaceful p--a p com+ f ! w>m]

 ,s\?1 & unable to cope ) ! m h>dy      
,aztecs1 :o came d[n f ! ,nor?4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--,roman ,vase 
f\nd at ,london4  ,^! ,aztecs _h n only 
develop$ ! arts ( ar*itecture & pa9t+1 z
 well z mo/ ( ! me*anic arts2 !y _h also
 rea*$ to a lit]ature1 to laws1 to a    
religion mo/ elaborate & spl5did2 & !y  
_h n neglect$ to conqu] & tax surr\nd+  
tribes1 & make !m pay tribute1 z all !  
great :ite nations ( ! _w h done4 ,b all
 _! civilizations1 laws1 religions1     
arts1 7 swept into ru9 by ! conqu]+ h& (
 ,cortez & 8 successors4  ,& :at h we n[
 9 ,mexico8 ,:at has come ( ! de/ruction
 ( ! great ,indian races !re8 ,:at b    
gre$1 an>*y1 cruelty1 ru98 ,x w\ld be a 
curi\s speculation n[ to picture :at t  
c\ntry--! mo/ beautiful & mo/           
b\ntiful--might n[ be 9 ! h&s ( its own 
p1 & ) a gov]nm5t :i* c\ld protect life 
& make labor safe4 ,z x is1 its life &  
its art give u no?+ to look at or to    
enjoy4  ,mu/ man always de/roy fir/ 9   
ord] t he may build up1 & !n be himself 

de/roy$8 ,no rema9s h come to u ( glaz$ 
pott]y belong+ to ^! times2 & x is      
probable t1 _! wants be+ few]1 _!       
climate mild]1 & _! food simpl]1        
inv5tion 0 n s mu* on ! al]t z x might h
 be5 9 a cold] & h>%] climate4 ,t ^!    
races 7 = "s unkn[n reason sup]ior to ^?
 liv+ f>!r to ! nor?1 none w d\bt :5 !y 
"k :at !y accompli%$ z comp>$ ) !       
,indians ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,!         
,,p]uvians 7 ! mo/ cultivat$ & com=table
 nation ^u ! ,we/]n ,cont95t :5 ,piz>ro 
7#aeca7 invad$1 &1 ,i may say1 de/roy$  
!m4 ,inde$1 :5 we read ! acc\nts giv5 ( 
!m by ! ,spani% writ]s !mselves1 we h   
only ano!r pro( t :at we call c>ry+ to  
o!r peoples ! bless+s ( civilization &  
,*ri/ianity means r ! curs+ !m ) cruelty
 & gre$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4          
#ai4--,vase4 ,pott]y ( ,anci5t ,gaul4   
,a l>ge collection ( _! pott]y 0 %[n at 
! ,unit$ ,/ates ,exhibition 9           
,philadelphia 9 #ahgf1 & !re is a       
suffici5t & mo/ int]e/+ exhibit ( x 9 ! 
,peabody ,museum at ,h>v>d 9 ,cambridge4

 ,9 ?is collection1 also1 are to be f\nd
 _m examples ( l unglaz$ pott]y f\nd 9 !
 ,we/]n m\nds ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by      
,pr(essors ,%al] & ,c>r1 :o = "s ye>s h 
be5 engag$ 9 rese>*es 9 ,k5tucky & at   
o!r po9ts 9 ! ,we/4  ,^u "s examples (  
?is ,am]ican pott]y 7,figs4 #h to #ae7  
are to be se5 decorations 9 color1 mo/ly
 r$1 black1 & br[n2 & x w\ld seem       
impossible t ^! colors %\ld h la/$ ?r\gh
 s _m c5turies1 if !y 7 n fix$ by fire1 
& !re=e 7 m9]al4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#bj4--,pott]y ( ,anci5t ,gaul4  ,!      
decorations1 too1 7 some:at v>i$1 b 9   
none :i* ,i h se5 d !y g beyond !       
elem5t>y /yles already m5tion$4  ,!     
production ( idols & fanta/ic vases1    
animals & grotesques1 mu/ h be5         
ext5sive1 z s _m ( ^! h already be5     
f\nd2 indicat+ t !y mu/ h be5 common 9  
_! day4 ,examples ( ?is fanta/ic        
decoration & model+ are se5 9 ,figs4 #ab
 to #ae--;& 9 ,fig4 #ad is an approa* to
 portraiture4 ,9 "o 7,fig4 #ae7 is se5 !
 d\ble-belli$ bottle1 s mu* 9 use 9 ,*9a

 & ,japan4 ,! tw9-bottles se5 9 ,figs4  
#h & #i are good examples ( a fancy :i* 
evid5tly pleas$ pott] & p 9 ^? good old 
,p]uvian times4  ,a mo/ s+ul> fact is   
m5tion$ by ,demm91 t on "o ( _!         
cass]oles ! h&le is cle>ly ! phallus1   
symbol ( life1 f\nd on ,egyptian        
sculptures1 & once wor%ip$4  ,"o curi\s 
fact is ass]t$ by ! ,fr5* savants1#a t  
!re is abundant evid5ce to %[ t ?r\gh a 
long succession ( ye>s1 p]haps ?ree     
?\s&1 ! "* ( ^! ,am]ican pott]ies grew  
less & less pure & simple1 & m & m      
debas$ & vulg>2 :i* "o c well believe1  
:5 we see ev]y:]e t :ole nations1 "s (  
!m call+ !mselves civiliz$1 h gone !    
same road1 d[nw>d f ! good to ! bad1 & n
 upw>d t[>d ! true & ! beautiful4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--;,anci5t     
,gaul4  ,! op5+ ( ! ,,cesnola           
collections1 at ! ,new ,york ,museum (  
,arts1 %[s u a va/ numb] ( e>ly pott]ies
 :i* are z yet h>dly classifi$ or       
und]/ood4 ,_m ( !m be> m>ks ( ,assyrian 
or ( ,pho5ician inspiration2 & among !m 

are rude vessels closely resembl+ ^? (  
,p]u1 & also _m grotesque =ms ( vases & 
animals1 su* z m>k ! e>ly attempts at   
,art 9 o!r nations4 ,t collection %\ld  
be exam9$ by ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ?is    
subject4  ,! h&-book publi%$ by !       
,museum is full ( cond5s$ in=mation1 &  
%\ld be c>efully pres]v$4  ,! pott]y ( !
 ,,romans w5t :]ev] _! armies w5t4 ,?us 
x is f\nd 9 ,france1 9 ,engl&1 9        
,g]many1 9 ,spa91 etc41 etc4 ,?is ,roman
 pott]y has be5 f\nd :]e excavations h  
be5 made1 9 ,italy1 9 ,france1 9 ,engl&1
 along ! ,rh9e1 & 9 o!r places4 ,x is   
di/+ui%$ z be+ m heavy & clumsy 9 =m ?an
 t made 9 ,greece1 & ! color ( ! clay is
 r$1 light] or d>k]4 ,! be/ ( ! ,roman  
w>e is (t5 call$ ,samian1 because x 0   
suppos$ to resemble t made at ,samos 9  
,greece1 ?\gh x is q diff]5t4 ,! f9e/   
pieces approa* to ! color ( seal+-wax1 &
 h a lu/re ?9 & brilliant1 :i* has giv5 
rise to "s dispute :e!r or n x is !     
result ( an appli$ m9]al v>ni%1 or :e!r 
x is ! product ( c>eful h&-friction1    

develop$ & p]fect$ by a high heat4 ,!   
v>ni%1 if su*1 is s ?9 t x has n be5    
possible to analyze & decide ^u x4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--;,anci5t     
,gaul4  ,?is r$ ,samian or ,roman mu*   
resembles ! poli%$ r$ w>e made to-day 9 
,egypt--( :i* a collection 0 %[n 9 !    
rec5t ,philadelphia ,exhibition1 & ?is  
bore no v>ni%4  ,"o ?+ rem>k$ z to ?is  
,roman pott]y is1 t x is nev] decorat$ )
 designs or ornam5ts 9 "o or m colors4  
,! decoration is sometimes incis$1 b m  
(t5 is 9 relief4 ,?is is curi\s1 too1 z 
^? ma/]-pott]s1 ! ,greeks1 us$ colors 9 
_! designs4 ,^! pieces are to be se5 9 !
 museums ( ,p>is1 ,london1 & else:]e4 ,!
 example engrav$ 7,fig4 #af7 is a cup on
 :i* ! decoration is 9 relief1 & !      
fillets & b&s are c>efully m\ld$ on !   
pott]'s :eel4  ,figs4 #ag & #ah 7 f\nd 9
 excavations made 9 #ahde 9 ! city (    
,london1 & are excell5t examples ( ?is  
pott]y4 ,!y are n[ 9 ! ,museum (        
,geology at ,london4  ,fig4 #ag is a    
sort ( vase1 or p]haps a dr9k+-cup1 & is

 ornam5t$ ) ! head ( an animal4 ,x is   
describ$ z ( a pale r$ ) a d>ki%-br[n   
v>ni%4  ,fig4 #ah is call$ ! ,cup (     
,samos1 resembl+ s mu* z x does ! "w    
made at ,samos4 ,:ile ^! pieces 7 f\nd 9
 ! e>? b5ea? ! city ( ,london1 _m o!rs h
 be5 f\nd else:]e2 & mu* is believ$ to h
 be5 made at ! old ,anglo-,roman t[n (  
,cai/re1 9 ,engl&1 :]e rema9s ( _m      
furnaces h be5 une>!d4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #bc4--;,anci5t ,gaul4  ,roman    
pott]y has be5 f\nd on ! banks ( !      
,rh9e1 ne> ,bonn1 ,cobl5tz1 ,may5ce1 9  
,bad51 etc41 etc42 9 ,france1 at        
,auv]gne1 & at o!r po9ts4  ,?is f9] "w  
is suppos$ to date ab\t ! fir/ c5tury ( 
our era4 ,x is class$ by ,m4 ,demm9 z   
be+ made at ,arezzo1 ! anci5t ,aretium1 
9 ,tuscany4  ,,common] /yles ( ,roman   
pott]y 7 made1 & _m examples ( ^! h be5 
f\nd ( a co>s] clay1 & v>y+ 9 color1    
gray1 black1 & yell[1 or light palei%   
r$2 sometimes ) a black or br[n v>ni%4  
,^! 7 d\btless made = ! common uses ( ! 
kit*54 ,! dr9k+-cups ( ?is pott]y (t5   

bore inscriptions1 su* z ,ave1 welcome2 
,vivas1 live2 ,bibe1 dr9k2 ,vive1 bibe  
multum1 live & dr9k mu*1 etc4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--;,anci5t     
,g]man4  ,pott]y 0 und\bt$ly made by !  
,saxons1 ! ,sc&9avians1 ! ,gauls1 & !   
,g]mans1 be=e ! com+ ( ,roman armies &  
,roman pott]s4 ,( ^! e>ly rema9s        
examples h be5 f\nd 9 ! b>r[s ( ,engl&1 
& 9 o!r excavations4  ,m4 ,cleuzi\      
publi%$ a "w 9 #ahgb1 ,la ,pot]ie       
,gauloise1#b w>mly & /r5u\sly claim+ = !
 ,gauls an art & a pott]y be=e ! com+ ( 
! all-grasp+ ,romans2 :o1 he ass]ts1 n  
only /ole _! c\ntry1 b also h claim$ to 
be _! b5efactors & civiliz]s :5 !y 7 n4 
,i _c1 ( c\rse1 discuss ! "q "h4 ,!     
engrav+s giv5 7,figs4 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1    
#bb1 #bc7 are quot$ by ,m4 ,figui]1 f   
:om ,i take !m1 z examples ( ?is e>ly & 
curi\s "w4 ,"s ( ^! c]ta9ly seem to     
indicate an inspiration orig9al & q     
diff]5t f :at we see among ! ,romans4   
,lat]1 & aft] ! com+ ( ! ,romans1 !re 7 
produc$ 9 ,gaul vases & o!r articles1   

:i* may well be call$ ,gallo-,roma9e1 or
 ,gallic-,roman4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#be4--;,g]man ,pott]y4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #bf4--;,g]man ,pott]y4  ,!       
,,g]man pott]s also produc$ at a v e>ly 
day l>ge quantities ( pott]y1 :i* has a 
"* ( its own4 ,t x mu/ h be5 v          
ext5sively made & us$ is evid5t f ! _m  
specim5s exhum$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,g]many2 
9 su* numb]s1 inde$1 t ! peasantry h a  
pr(\nd belief !y are ! "w ( ! dw>fs1 & t
 !y spr\t spontane\sly l mu%rooms1 z ,i 
h said4 ,! examples we pres5t are m     
simple ?an mo/ ( ! ,roman "w1 & !       
decoration is m sev]e4 7,figs4 #bd1 #be1
 #bf47  ,pots1 vases1 & *ildr5's toys1  
are also f\nd 9 tombs 9 v>i\s p>ts (    
,g]many1 "s ( :i* %[ decid$ m>ks ( art4 
,9 "s ( ^! are f\nd ! a%es ( ! dead1 9  
o!rs bones brok5 up1 & s pres]v$4       
,,*apt] ,,ii4  ,,unglaz$ ,,pott]y4--,,! 
,,greek ,,vase4       ,palaces ( ,hom]'s
 ,h]oes4--,! ,c]amicus at               
,a!ns4--,egyptian                       
,pott]y4--,etruscan ,tombs4--,good &    

,bad ,vases4--,age (                    
,vases4--,v>i\s ,/yles4--,! ,ar*aic     
,/yle4--,! ,f9e      ,/yle4--,beauty a  
,bir?right4--,aspasia's ,h\se4--,names (
      ,vases4--,! ,cup (                
,arcesilaus4--,numb] ( ,extant          
,vases4--,_!      ,uses4--,! ,greek     
,h\ses4--,greek ,wom54--,greek ,m54--,! 
,hetairai4--,etruscan ,vases4   ,!      
,,greek ,,vase has come to be a synonym 
= beauty ( =m4 ,n t e ,greek vase is    
p]fect--by no means--b t ! ,greeks _h   
come to feel & 7 able to express        
p]fection ( =m 9 x z x _h n be5 done    
be=e1 & z x has n be5 bett] done s9ce4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--;,egyptian   
,kylix4  ,s mu* int]e/ hangs ar\nd ?is  
expression ( ! pott]'s art1 t we give m 
space to ! subject ?an to _m o!r bran*es
 ( ! art4 ,keep+ ?is p]fection 9 m9d1 ! 
mann] ( life ( ^? ,greeks1 out ( :i* !  
,greek vase grew1 becomes ( value1 & is 
inde$ ( mo/ int]e/4  ,h[ did ! ,greeks  
live1 & :y 0 ! ,greek vase made8  ,t !  
f9e/ h\ses or palaces ( ! *iefs ( !     

,h]oic or ,hom]ic p]iod 7 l>g]1 & m m>k$
 by b>b>ic spl5dor1 ?an 7 ! dwell+s ( ! 
great 9 ! days ( ,p]icles1 is admitt$4  
,we give f ,mr4 ,bryant's translation ( 
! ,iliad a brief description ( ,hector's
 return to ,troy f ! battle-field3      
,& n[ _h ,hector rea*$ ! ,scean gates   
,& bee*5 tree4 ,ar\nd him flock$ ! wives
      ,& daught]s ( ! ,trojans eag]ly2  
,tid+s ( sons & bro!rs !y requir$1      
,& fri5ds & husb&s4 ,he admoni%$ all    
,duly to importune ! gods 9 pray]1      
,= woe he said 0 ne> to _m a "o4  ,he   
pass$ onw>d 9 se>* ( ,&roma*e3      ,&  
!n he came to ,priam's noble hall1      
,a palace built ) graceful porticoes1   
,& fifty *amb]s ne> ea* o!r wall$       
,) poli%$ /one1 ! rooms ( ,priam's sons1
      ,& ( _! wives2 & opposite to ^!   
,twelve *amb]s = 8 daught]s1 also ne>   
,ea* o!r2 & ) poli%$ m>ble walls1       
,! sleep+-rooms ( ,priam's sons-9-law   
,& _! unblemi%$ consorts4 ,!re he met   
,8 g5tle "m on h] way to seek      ,h]  
faire/ *ild ,laodice4  ,t ! description 

is glorifi$1 we ne$ n d\bt1 = t is !    
prov9ce ( poetry2 & poor is ! poet :o   
does n see ! beauty ?r\gh ! squalor1 !  
sun%9e ?r\gh ! cl\d4  ,! ,greek h\se ( !
 "t ( ,p]icles 0 mu* small] & less      
spl5did ?an ?is4  ,x is a curi\s fact to
 "k t mo/ ( :at rema9s to u ( ! liv+    
,greeks & ,egyptians has be5 sav$ = u by
 ! dead4 ,n a complete h\se ( ! liv+    
exi/s2 :ile ^? ( ! dead h be5 une>!d n  
only 9 ,greece1 b 9 p>ts ( ,italy1 :i* 9
 _m places 0 coloniz$ by ,greeks1 & 9   
:i* ,greek cu/oms & ,greek art _h a     
/rong hold4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#bh4--;,egyptian ,bottle1 ,side & ,front
 ,view4  ,! ,egyptians honor$ _! dead1 !
 ,greeks honor$ _! dead1 & ! ,romans    
honor$ _! dead4 ,let !m h our ?anks2 =1 
because ( t1 ?+s ( int]e/ & beauty are  
left to u4  ,9 _! tombs h be5 f\nd      
gold-"w1 jewels1 manuscripts1 vases3 all
 ( :i* tell _! /ories ( ! way m5 liv$1  
h[ !y work$1 :at !y s\ght2 all ( :i* %[ 
u t man !n 0 ! same z man is n[--if y   
prick$ him he bl$1 if y tickl$ him he   

laugh$4 ,we are apt to ?9k t ! ,pa/ 0   
ignorant1 brutal1 savage4 ,h we1 boa/ful
 z we are1 made porcela9 bett] ?an !    
,*9ese8 ,h we made vases m beautiful ?an
 ! ,greeks8 ,poetry m musical8  ,9 ! f> 
pa/ man 0 savage1 brutal1 ignorant2 &   
!re is 9 man /ill ! lat5t tig]4 ,9 !    
civilization ( :i* we boa/1 !re exi/ 9  
all great cities1 side by side ) luxury 
& spl5dor1 pov]ty1 wret*$ness1 squalor1 
brutality4  ,9 ! days ( ,p]icles1 9 ^?  
days :5 ! ,amphora & ! ,temple rea*$ _! 
mo/ p]fect developm5t1 ! influ5ces (    
,art & ,poetry 7 mo/ pot5t ^u t small   
democratic olig>*y :i* possess$ ,a!ns & 
tyranniz$ ov] ,greece4 ,!n ! tig] lay   
d[n 9 ! mid/ ( a wond]ful weal? (       
ar*itecture1 sculpture1 poetry1         
eloqu5ce1 pa9t+ 7we suppose71 & pott]y4 
,!n a :ole di/rict ( ! city to ! nor?we/
 ( ! ,acropolis & ! ,areopagus 0 occupi$
 by ! %ops ( ! pott] & ! pa9t]1 & 0 kn[n
 z ! ,,c]amicus1 or ,k]amicus1 z x n[ is
 (t5 spell$4 ,f t c5tre w5t out into all
 ! coa/s ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea ?\s&s ^u 

?\s&s ( ^? vases & pots :i* 7 made &    
decorat$ !re1 & f ^: pictures we h drawn
 mu* ( our k ( ,greek life1 art1 mann]s1
 & dress4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#bi4--;,egyptian ,vase4  ,9 ?is high "t 
( ,,art lay ! se$s ( corruption & dea?4 
,! ,a!nian ,greek became critical1      
ref9$1 weak1 luxuri\s1 corrupt1 base2 & 
!n he w5t to decay4 ,9 "s tombs 7,fig4  
#cj7 op5$ 9 ,italy1 ! body is f\nd ly+  
at l5g? 9 ! middle1 & ab\t x /& p]fect  
vases1 love-(f]+s ( fri5ds3 7 !y once   
fill$ ) p]fumes ^u :i* ! _s ( ! dead 0  
waft$ away8 ,we place fl[]s 9 ! graves (
 our lovely ones1 &1 beautiful z !y are1
 !y vani% ) ! dead4 ,b ! ,greek vase    
rema9s to u aft] ! lapse ( two ?\s&     
ye>s4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--,tomb 
f\nd 9 ! ,environs ( ,naples4  ,:5 !    
,greeks--h[ e>ly--began to fa%ion _! f9e
 "w is n surely kn[n2 b pott]y ( !irs   
exi/s dat+ z f> back z #gjj ,b4 ,c4     
,beh9d !m 7 ! ,assyrians & ! ,egyptians1
 bo? nations great 9 w> & great 9 ! arts
 ( peace4 ,! rema9s we h ( bo? %[ !     

,egyptians to h be5 ! ma/]s1 ) :om began
 ^? arts :i* grew & bore fruit 9        
,assyria & 9 ,greece4 ,b ! art ( !      
,egyptians seems nev] to h rea*$ !      
lightness1 ! delicacy1 ! exquisite      
beauty ( l9e1 :i* yet glorify ! fictile 
art ( ,greece4 ,old] ?an ! olde/ writ+s 
( ! ,hebrews1 old] ?an ,hom]1 is !      
pott]'s :eel2 ?r\gh all hi/ory x has be5
 ! fri5d & companion ( man2 its products
 are "p ( 8 daily life2 & delicate1     
brittle z !y are1 !y h prov$ m endur+   
?an ! ,pyramids4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#ca4--,! ,ar*aic ,p]iod4  ,ne>ly all !  
pieces ( pott]y f\nd 9 ,egypt belong to 
^? ?+s :i* w5t into ! daily uses ( life4
 ,mo/ ( !m are ( common clay1 ) common  
=ms1 & rude f9i%2 & !y seem to h be5 (  
all %apes & design$ = _m purposes4      
,great casks1 vases1 pots = oil1 = gra91
 = meats1 = w9es1 = drugs1 = lamps2     
*ildr5's m>bles1 *eck]s1 toys1 r+s1     
amulets1 bottles1 etc41 etc41 are among 
! _m ?+s %ap$ by ! pott] 9 ,egypt4  ,(  
^? ?+s made = ornam5tal purposes1 !re   

/ill exi/ "s vases :i* approa* ! simple 
beauty ( ! ,greek2 ( :i* we give "o z   
pictur$ by ,wilk9son 9 8 "w ^u !        
antiquities ( ,egypt4  ,fig4 #bg is an  
,egyptian kylix or dr9k+-cup4 ,x mu*    
resembles ! ,greek kylix or cylix1      
except t ! foot is less p]fect4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,! ,dep>ture 
( ,a*illes1 f ,vase 9 ! ,l\vre4  ,!     
highly-ornam5t$ bottle 7,fig4 #bh1      
aryballos7 is ano!r ?+ made purely =    
purposes ( luxury1 :i* ,potiph>'s wife  
us$ to hold h] da9ty p]fumes--p]fumes   
:i*1 we may easily believe1 w\ld add to 
h] dang]\s *>ms4 ,x is model$ f !       
,african calaba%1 :i* 0 ! fir/ vessel   
us$ !re = c>ry+ wat]4 ,=m & decoration  
are bo? p]fect 9 ?is small bottle4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--,kylix1 ( an 
,e>ly ,=m4  ,we add a figure ( v anci5t 
,egyptian pott]y1 an e>ly example ( !   
ef=ts ( t p at ! human figure 9 clay4 ,x
 is made to s]ve ! purposes ( a vase1   
:e!r = religi\s uses or o!r we d n "k   
7,fig4 #bi74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      

#cd4--,kylix1 ,f9] ,=m4  ,! t]ra-cotta  
e>!nw>e vases & cups ( ! ,greek &       
,etruscan pott]s1 by univ]sal cons5t1 h 
come to be accept$ z ! mo/ beautiful &  
satisfactory4 ,t !y 7 ?us p]fect f !    
/>t1 & always s1 no "o ne$ ma9ta92 b t f
 ,greece & f _m p>ts ( x %\ld h come su*
 a va/ numb] ( vessels1 ne>ly all ( :i* 
are beyond criticism1 is :at no "o c    
fully expla94  ,:5ce came ! inspiration1
 ! p]ception ( beauty1 :i* made ! ord9>y
 pott] an arti/1 no man c tell4  ,x is n
 possible t ! m5 :o work$ at ! pott]'s  
:eel 9 ,a!ns1 or 9 ,samos1 or 9 ,crete1 
7 educat$1 z we say x1 to su* a f9e s5se
 ( ! beautiful4 ,we1 ) all ! education  
we c put into our p1 d n equal !m4 ,we c
 no m expla9 ?is ?an we c tell h[ su* a 
wond]ful gr[? ( beautiful ca!drals %ot  
up into life 9 ,france 9 :at we call !  
,middle ,ages4 ,nor 0 ?is p]fection only
 to be f\nd among ! pott]s :o work$ 9   
,greece4 ,x br\ght =? works fit = gods 9
 ,cyr5aica1 on ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,africa1 
9 great abundance2 ( :i* f>!r on we give

 an example 9 ! ,cup ( ,arcesilaus4 ,!  
w&]+ pott]s :o w5t into ,italy1 & !re   
produc$ ^? beautiful vases1 7 ,greeks4  
,we h be5 9 ! habit ( call+ !m ,etruscan
 vases1 because !y h be5 f\nd 9 l>ge/   
numb]s & 9 mo/ p]fect pres]vation 9     
,etruria4 ,b x is n[ well kn[n t ! real 
,etruscan pott]s nev] rea*$ ! same      
te*nical skill1 or _h any su* eye = =m1 
z 0 common among ! ,greeks4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--;,greek      
,rhyton1 9 ! ,l\vre4  ,i h m5tion$ !    
tombs--t _m ( ! f9e/ ,greek vases h be5 
f\nd 9 ^? ( ,italy1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! "p 
once call$ ,etruria4 ,9 ,fig4 #cj is %[n
 "o ( ^! tombs discov]$ ne> ,naples4 ,9 
x may be se5 ! rema9s ( ! body1 ) vases 
( v>i\s %apes /&+ or hang+ on ! wall4   
,mo/ ( ! vases f\nd ) ! dead 9 ,greece 7
 buri$ 9 ! soil1 & are ?us less p]fect  
?an ^? f\nd 9 ,italy4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #cf4--;,greek ,amphora1          
,pana!naic4  ,,good ,,& ,,bad4--,:ile1  
!n1 we c exalt ! ,greek vase to a =emo/ 
place 9 ! p]fection ( =m1 let u say t   

!re are v _m ,greek vases & pots :i* are
 bad1 common1 vulg>4 ,s t no buy]1 no   
/ud5t1 mu/ admire ) 8 eyes %ut4 ,h>dly  
any consid]able collection is )\t ^! bad
 ?+s4 ,!re=e1 :oev] seizes ^u a ,greek  
vase ) ! belief t x is beautiful because
 x is ,greek1 may wake "s day to da% 8  
god to pieces z false4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #cg4--;,amphora1 f ! ,l\vre4     
,let u gu>d1 too1 aga9/ ano!r *ance =   
disappo9tm5t4 ,ne>ly all ! be/ vases    
extant h la9 = c5turies und]gr\nd2 !y h 
lo/ ! fre%ness & f95ess ( _! poli%2 _!  
color+ is (t5 defac$2 !y are1 p]haps1   
scrat*$ or *ipp$4 ,see+ ^! r dilapidat$ 
examples ( ! fictile art ) eyes (       
extravagant expectation1 "o may feel    
disappo9tm5t or disgu/4 ,b let him look 
on till he sees & feels ! subtile spr++ 
l9es :i* %ot f ! bra9 ( ! pott]1 &      
inspir$ 8 h& to %ape ! vase4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--;,amphora4   
,z to ! age ( ! ,greek vases !re are "s 
evid5ces4 ,! ,greek poet ,p9d>1 :o liv$ 
betwe5 #ebj & #ddj ,b4 ,c41 describes ! 

amphor1 ^? pa9t$ vases :i* 7 giv5 z     
prizes at ! ,pana!naic fe/ivals 7see    
,fig4 #cf71 & !y are spok5 ( by         
,ari/ophanes1 ,/rabo1 & o!rs4#c  ,_m    
attempts h be5 made to classify ! works 
( ! ,greek pott]s1 & ! result is ( "s   
value1 ?\gh a consid]able degree (      
vagu5ess mu/ atta* to su* z _c be fix$  
by any signature or by ! subject4       
,demm91#d ,brongni>t1#e ,bir*1 & o!rs1 h
 attempt$ classifications4 ,we give "h a
 sket* ( t ( ! la/ z1 on ! :ole1 ! mo/  
simple & probable2 ! writ] foll[s       
,g]h>d3  #a4 ,! ,anci5t or ,ar*aic /yle1
 f ,b4 ,c4 #gjj to #dej4  #b4 ,! ,f9e   
,/yle f ,b4 ,c4 #dej to #cbh4 ,! be/ 7  
dur+ ! "t ( ,phidias4  #c4 ,! ,decad5ce1
 f ,b4 ,c4 #bbh to ! end ( ! ,social    
,w>s1 ,b4 ,c4 #hg4 ,?is includes all    
made 9 ,italy d[n to ! "t ( ,augu/us1 at
 :i* p]iod mo/ ( ! t[ns & works 9 ,magna
 ,grcia & ! s\? ( ,italy _h be5 de/roy$4
  ,to ! fir/ or ,ar*aic p]iod are       
attribut$ ! vases ) yell[ gr\nd1 hav+   
br[n & m>oon figures1 mo/ly hat*+s1     

fl[]s1 or rude repres5tations ( animals1
 su* z ! goat1 ! pig1 ! /ork1 etc41 etc4
 ,:5ev] ! human figure appe>s on ! vases
 ( ?is p]iod x is %ort] & less graceful 
?an t on lat] "w4  ,! next p]iod is     
likely to %[ ! figures 9 yell[ ^u black 
gr\nd2 ! designs "h are m beautiful2 !  
subjects are my?ological1 hi/orical1 &  
poetical1 & ! human figures (t5 h !     
grace & beauty :i* m>k ! be/ p]iod (    
,grecian art4  ,! ,decad5ce is m>k$ by  
co>s] "w1 less purity ( =m1 & gross] &  
clumsi] designs4  ,! pa/e or clay at    
times approa*es ! h>dness ( t]ra-cotta2 
at o!rs x is s s(t z to be scrat*$ ) a  
knife1 & is easily brok54 ,its color    
v>ies3 ! e>li] or ,ar*aic p]iod is mo/ly
 ( a pale lemon-color2 ! clay us$ at    
,a!ns & ,melos 0 a pale r$2 & 9 ! be/   
p]iod ( ,greece ! color becomes a w>m   
orange2 :ile ^? f\nd 9 ,italy usually   
call$ ,etruscan are always ( a dull1 r  
pale1 r$4 ,^u ^! gr\nds figures 7 pa9t$ 
9 black1 br[n1 yell[1 & r$4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--;,amphora4   

,p]spective ^? true arti/s did n /rive  
aft]4 ,! ,greeks sket*$ 9 _! designs 9  
clean l9es1 & color$ !m ) flat color1   
t\*+ ! muscles & articulations "h & !re 
to br+ out m fully ! action2 b to rival 
! pa9t] ^u 8 canvas1 t 0 n attempt$ ^u  
pott]y4 ,x seems desirable to give "s   
notion1 z well z c be done 9            
black-&-:ite1 ( :at ! e>li] vases 7 l2 &
 we1 !re=e1 transcribe "h "s examples   
giv5 by ,bir*1 :i* %[1 n only ! /yle ( !
 decoration1 b ! =ms1 ( ! ,ar*aic p]iod 
7see ,fig4 #ca74  ,! animals %[n are    
rude & clumsy1 & are arrang$ 9 b&s1 :i* 
are s[n ) fl[]-%apes )\t ord] or mean+4 
,! =ms1 too1 ( ! pots !mselves1         
especially ! two l>ge/1 are :olly lack+ 
9 t f9e1 subtile grace :i* m>ks !m dur+ 
! "t ( ! ,f9e ,/yle4 ,t ! ,art ( ,greece
 0 n born full-gr[n & p]fect l ! goddess
 ,m9]va is c]ta92 b t x grew & grew fa/ 
to its p]fectness 9 t mo/ ke5 & cunn+   
,greek bra9 is also c]ta94  ,! "t ( !   
,f9e ,/yle 0 ! "t ( ,p]icles1 (         
,aspasia1 ( s*ylus1 ( ,phidias2 ! "t :5 

! mo/ beautiful ( ! beautiful ,greek    
temples 0 built on ! ,acropolis sacr$ to
 ,m9]va2 :5 sculpture1 pa9t+1 poetry1 & 
ar*itecture1 rea*$ _! height2 :5 ! human
 =m & ! human face arriv$ at su* a div9e
 beauty z !y _h nev] rea*$ s9ce ! days (
 p>adise1 & h n aga9 rea*$4 ,9 ?is      
wond]ful "t ! ,greek vase 0 born into   
its p]fect =m4  ,"s peculi>ities ( ! old
 or ,ar*aic /yle1 aft] x pass$ ! simple 
me?od ( decoration already describ$1 &  
:5 x began to treat ! human figure1 are 
?us specifi$ by ,mr4 ,bir*3 ,! faces ( !
 females are :ite to indicate sup]ior   
delicacy ( complexion1 & ! pupils ( _!  
eyes1 :i* are m elongat$ ?an ^? ( ! male
 figures1 are r$4 ,! eyes ( ! m5 are    
engrav$ & ( a =m incl9+ to oval1 !      
pupils circul>4 ,! eyes ( ! wom5 are    
sometimes made l ^? ( m51 especially on 
^? vases on :i* ! faces are color$ black
 ^u a :ite gr\nd4 ,! =ms are r full &   
muscul>1 ! noses long1 ! eyes oblique & 
9 pr(ile1 ! pupil z if se5 9 front1 !   
extremities long & n c>efully f9i%$1 !  

outl9es rigid1 ! attitudes  plomb1 !    
knees & elb[s rectangul>1 ! drap]ies    
/iff1 & describ+ p]p5dicul>1 angul>1 &  
precise oval l9es4 ,! faces are g5]ally 
9 pr(ile1 full faces be+ v r>e4  ,we    
quote aga9 z to ! "w ^u ! ,f9e /yle3 ,9 
?is ! figures are /ill r$1 & ! black    
gr\nds are occasionally v d>k & lu/r\s4 
,! ornam5ts are 9 :ite1 & s are !       
lett]s4 ,! figures h lo/ t h>dness :i*  
at fir/ *>act]iz$ !m2 ! eyes are no     
long] repres5t$ oblique & 9 pr(ile2 !   
extremities are f9i%$ ) great] c>e1 ! *9
 & nose are m r\nd$1 &  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #dj4--,krat] 7,vase ,campani5ne71
 f ! ,l\vre4  h lo/ ! extreme elongation
 ( ! e>li] s*ool4 ,! limbs are full] &  
?ick]1 ! faces noble1 ! hair ( ! head & 
be>d treat$ ) great] bread? & mass1 z 9 
! /yle ( ! pa9t] ,zeuxis1 :o gave m fle%
 to 8 figures1 9 ord] to make !m appe> (
 great] bread? & m gr&iose1 adopt+ !    
ideas ( ,hom]1 :o repres5ts ev5 8       
females ( l>ge proportions4 ,! great *>m
 ( ^! designs is ! beauty ( !           

composition & ! m p]fect proportion ( ! 
figures4 ,! head is oval1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( 
:i* are compris$ f ! *9 to ! e>1 ?us    
af=d+ a guide to its proportions1 :i*   
are f> sup]ior to ^? ( ! previ\s        
figures4 ,! disproportionate %ape ( !   
limbs disappe>s1 & ! c\nt5ance assumes  
its natural =m & expression4 ,! folds ( 
! drap]y1 too1 are fre]1 & ! attitudes h
 lo/ _! anci5t rigidity4 ,! figures are 
g5]ally l>ge1 & arrang$ 9 gr\ps ( two or
 ?ree on ea* side1 occupy+ ab\t         
two-?irds ( ! height ( ! vase4  ,!      
design we h giv5 to illu/rate 9 "s      
degree ! ,f9e ,/yle is ! ,dep>ture (    
,a*illes 7,fig4 #cb71 tak5 f a vase 9 ! 
,l\vre4  ,9 our mod]n "t x has come to  
pass t m5 wor%ip /r5g?1 p[]1 words1     
gold1 brass--ev]y?+ b beauty4 ,!y c>e   
little to h beautiful ?+s ab\t !m1 less 
to be beautiful !mselves1 to create     
beautiful *ildr51 or to d beautiful "w4 
,& :at is ! result8 ,(t5 !y are z       
unlovely 9 _! s\ls z 9 _! p]sons2 & s1  
:ile we boa/ ( great cities1 & long     

railways1 & amaz+ cotton-mills1 we boa/ 
n ( beautiful m5 :o make beautiful "w4  
,p]fection t5ds to p]fection1 & ugl9ess 
to ugl9ess4 ,!re=e1 let ! p]fect man & !
 p]fect woman m>ry1 t ?us we may h !    
p]fect race once m4 ,to br+ ?is to pass 
we mu/ insi/ ^u p]fect =m & p]fect      
decoration 9 all ?+s ab\t u2 we mu/ "k  
beauty & value x4 ,"o /ep to ?is great  
end is to /udy ! ,greek vase4 ,! next   
/ep is to make e home a temple ( art4   
,:at c we n believe ( su* a h\se z t (  
,aspasia 9 ,a!ns1 :5 %e 0 virtually !   
wife ( ,p]icles 9 ! be/ p]iod ( ,greece8
 ,t x 0 grac$ surely by works ( div9e/  
beauty2 t ^! exquisite vases :i* we are 
prais+ /ood ^u h] %elves1 grac$ h]      
p$e/als1 & adorn$ ! corn]s specially    
made = _! reception4 ,we may believe t !
 pott]s !mselves pres5t$ _! beautiful "w
 to ! mo/ di/+ui%$ woman ( all ,greece2 
t ! victor 9 ! ,pana!naic games %\ld ask
 a place = 8 prize 9 ! atmosph]e ( light
 & le>n+ :i* surr\nd$ ?is rem>kable     
woman4  ,! %apes & uses ( ! ,greek      

vases1 cups1 jugs1 etc41 etc41 are _m4  
,we m5tion "h ^? mo/ kn[n z foll[s3 =   
hold+ oil1 w9e1 etc41 etc41 amphora1    
pelice1 /amnos2 = c>ry+ wat]1 etc41     
hydria1 kalpis1 or calpis2 = mix+ w9e & 
wat]1 etc41 krat]1 oxybaphon1 kelebe2 = 
p\r+ wat]1 w9e1 etc41 o5o*oe1 cru*e1 or 
kru*e1 olpe1 pro*oos2 = cups &          
dr9k+-vessels1 cylix1 or kylix1 kan?>os1
 kya?os1 rhyton1 skyphos1 phiale1 etc41 
etc42 = p]fumes1 o9tm5ts1 etc41 leky?os1
 or lecy?os1 alaba/ron1 cotyle1 or      
kotyle1 aryballos1 etc4  ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #d4--;,hydria4  ,! vases mo/ kn[n
 are ^!3  ,! amphora 7,figs4 #cf1 #cg1  
#ch1 #ci71 a "n appli$ to vases ) two   
h&les1 sometimes ) a po9t$ base to ?ru/ 
into ! gr\nd or to be set into a tripod2
 great numb]s ( ^! exi/1 & 9 v>i\s      
%apes1 "s ( :i* w appe> 9 our           
illu/rations4  ,! amphor 7 us$ to hold  
w9e1 oil1 :eat1 & a great v>iety ( o!r  
articles4  ,! hydria 7,figs4 #da & #db7 
& kalpis 7 us$ to c>ry wat]4 ,! =m] has 
"o h&le4  ,! krat] or crat] 7,fig4 #dj7 

0 a l>ge1 op5-m\!d vessel us$ = mix+ w9e
 ) wat]4  ,! cru*e 7,fig4 #dc7 & oeo*oe 
7 jugs or pit*]s us$ to p\r liquids at !
 symposia4  ,! kylix or cylix 7,figs4   
#cc & #cd71 ! rhyton 7,fig4 #ce71 & !   
kya?os1 7 dr9k+-cups us$ at fea/s4  ,!  
leky?os1 & kotyle & alaba/ron1 7 us$ =  
p]fumes1 pomatums1 & o!r su* luxuries = 
! ba? & ! toilet2 & we may believe1 f ! 
numb] ( ^! f\nd1 t woman 9 ^? antique   
days 0 c>eful to enhance h] *>ms4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--;,hydria4    
,we give two examples ( ! cylix or kylix
 us$ = a dr9k+-cup1 :i* always c>ri$ two
 h&les4 ,! fir/ 7,fig4 #cc7 is ( !      
e>lie/ p]iod1 & is m sev]e ?an ! la/4 ,x
 is ornam5t$ ) ! ,greek fret1 ) zigzags 
or *evrons1 etc41 etc41 ( simple design4
  ,! o!r 7,fig4 #cd7 is m graceful &    
f9i%$ 9 =m1 & has a m elaborate design1 
:i*1 h[ev]1 seems to me q beh9d ! "w    
f\nd on ! cups ( ! ,f9e ,/yle4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--,vase =      
,libations4  ,we give "s p>ticul>s ( !  
,greek vases1 mo/ly f ! collections ( ! 

,l\vre at ,p>is4  ,"s ( ! ,,amphor 7    
design$ = p>ticul> uses2 z1 = example1 =
 prizes to ! victors ( ! public games   
7,fig4 #cf74 ,! fa%ion :i* prevails ) u 
( giv+ cups = prizes at our races1 etc4 
7usually pieces ( silv]71 is a fa%ion   
:i* began ) ! ,greeks1 & has cont9u$    
till to-day4  ,sometimes ^! vases 7     
fill$ ) oil made f ! olive bless$ by    
,m9]va4 ,we may well believe su* amphor 
s won 7 highly valu$2 & ?is w expla9 !  
curi\s hi/ory ( ! "o n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! 
,l\vre4  ,9 #ahbg ?is good f9d came to  
light3 ,!y rec5tly f\nd at ,cap\e ! vase
 giv5 to ! victor at ! a?letic games at 
,a!ns 9 ! ye> #ccb be=e ,*ri/4 ,beside !
 vase lay ! skeleton ( ! victor1 !      
,a!nian himself1 z 0 suppos$4 ,! vase is
 ( clay cov]$ ) pa9t+s1 %[+ ^u "o side !
 goddess ,pallas ,a!ne 7,fig4 #cf7      
laun*+ a javel92 on ! o!r side is a gr\p
 ( wre/l]s1 a "y man :o is a look]-on1 a
 judge1 & an old man hold+ a w&4 ,at !  
top is f\nd ! "n ( ! rul] ( ,a!ns 9 !   
ye> #ccb ,b4 ,c41 & ! words ',prize giv5

 at ,a!ns4' ,! victor is vanqui%$1 8 "n 
& fame are =got1 b ! vase is p]fect aft]
 ! lapse ( tw5ty-two c5turies4  ,! vase 
next pres5t$ 7,fig4 #cg7 is an amphora  
decorat$ ) eque/rian figures1 m>k$ by t 
ar*aic /iffness :i* "s value4 ,its      
height is put by ,figui] at ?irty-sev5  
c5timetres--ab\t fifte5 in*es4 ,! color 
is yell[i%2 x is %ap$ ) mu* c>e2 ! black
 v>ni% is brilliant1 & is laid ^u !     
yell[ body2 ! outl9es are incis$ to     
limit ! figures2 & ! p>ts 9 relief are (
 a ru/y r$ & unpoli%$4  ,! great amphora
 7,fig4 #ch7 is 9 ! ,l\vre ,museum1 & is
 "o ( ! mo/ p]fect kn[n4 ,we see ?is =m1
 z well z _m o!rs ( ! ,greek amphora1 9 
all mod]n "w4 ,! clay is yell[i%1 & is  
cov]$ ) a deep black4 ,! figures are    
res]v$ on ! yell[ & are well br\ght out 
by ! black4 ,! simplicity & dignity (   
?is vase c h>dly be excell$1 & !y are 9 
/rik+ contra/ ) ! ov]-decorat$ ?+s1 s _m
 ( :i* h be5 made at ,svres & ,meiss54  
,! great virtue ( retic5ce 0 kn[n &     
obs]v$ among ! ,greek arti/s4  ,! next  

7,fig4 #ci7 is ( a m uncommon =m ?an !  
o!rs1 9 its swell+ out at ! base4 ,!    
h&les1 too1 are r>e1 & ! twi/+ toge!r at
 ! top q peculi>4  ,! great vase ,,krat]
 7,fig4 #dj71 call$ ,campani5ne1 is "s  
fifte5 in*es 9 height1 & is p]fect 9 =m 
& decoration4 ,! figures are pa9t$ 9    
black ^u its surface4 ,!y h be5 f\nd 9  
great numb]s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,italy4  ,! 
hydria 7,figs4 #da & #db7 is a wat]-jug2
 ano!r t]m :i* is us$ = ! same vessel is
 kalpis1 b ! latt] has two h&les4 ,^!   
v>y mu* 9 =m1 decoration1 & beauty4 ,!  
"o 7,fig4 #da7 has a black gr\nd ) r$   
figures2 ! o!r 7,fig4 #db7 is j !       
rev]se4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#dd4--,leky?os4  ,! cru*e or vase %[n 9 
,fig4 #dc is suppos$ to h be5 us$ =     
libations :5 sacrifices 7 made to !     
gods4 ,! neck & m\? are peculi>4 ,?is   
example has a r$ body cov]$ ) a black   
v>ni%1 ! designs %[+ ! r$4  ,! ,,leky?os
 is a sort ( cyl9drical amphora1 ) a    
/raight neck & a s+le h&le4 ,?is        
beautiful vase 0 made to conta9 p]fumes 

& ungu5ts1 :i* 7 l>gely 9 use4  ,!      
figure 7#dd7 "h giv5 is a p]fect example
 ( ?is delicate vase1 & is pa9t$ )      
color$ clays1 :i* are fix$ to ! body ( !
 vase by heat1 & are1 !re=e1            
inde/ructible4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#de4--,pot = ,infusion4  ,a pot =       
infusion 7,fig4 #de7 is easily und]/ood4
 ,x is a ,greek ance/or to our teapot1 &
 is m>k$ by t elegance ( =m :i* appe>s 9
 mu* ( ! "w ( ! ,grecian pott]s4  ,!    
curi\s cup 7,fig4 #df7 call$ a ,,c\?on  
is ab\t eight in*es 9 diamet]4 ,our     
illu/ration %[s at ,a ! top ( ! cup ) ! 
op5 c5tre1 :ile at ,b & ,c may be se5 ! 
peculi> involut$ =m4 ,j :at uses ?is    
c\ld h be5 put to does n appe>4 ,x is m 
an object ( curiosity & gracefulness ?an
 ( use4 ,j 9 :at way su* a pot c h be5  
turn$ is n pla9 to ! un9itiat$ s\l4  ,! 
,,cup ,,( ,,arcesilaus 7%[n 9 ,figs4 #dg
 & #dh7 is "o ( ! mo/ graceful &        
beautiful ?+s :i* has come d[n to u f ! 
,greeks4 ,x is suppos$ to date back to !
 "t ( ,p9d>1 "s #ejj ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,!

 cup is n[ to be se5 9 ! collection ( ! 
,rue de ,ri*elieu 9 ,p>is2 x 0 f\nd 9   
,etruria1 b 0 made by a pott] ( ,cyr5e4 
,x is discov]$ t at ?is ,african city 0 
a great pott]y = ! mak+ ( ,greek vases1 
out ( :i* h come "s ( ! mo/ p]fect f\nd2
 among !m ?is "o4 ,s f> _h ! art &      
culture ( ! ,greeks spread ev5 !n4 ,!   
cup is ab\t ?irte5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,its
 "n comes f ! ,k+ ( ,cyr5aica1 ^:       
glories 7 sung by ,p9d>4 ,! clay is v   
f9e1 & is ( a delicate r$2 & ?is has be5
 almo/ hidd5 by a black :i* appe>s      
solidly at ! h&les & foot4 ,! design is 
put on ) a color$ clay or engobe ( a    
yell[i%-:ite1 :i* is fix$ by ! fire2 & x
 is believ$ t x mu/ h pass$ ?r\gh !     
furnace "s ?ree times4  ,! picture      
7,fig4 #dh7 is curi\s & int]e/+4 ,! k+  
is %[n sitt+ on ! deck ( a vessel       
afloat1 hold+ 8 sceptre4 ,be=e him 8    
s]vants are weigh+ baskets ( m]*&ise1 & 
bel[ ! deck o!rs are se5 c>ry+ away !   
baskets into ! hold4 ,n[1 :at is ?is !y 
are weigh+ & c>ry+ away8  ,illu/ration3 

,,fig4 #df4--;,a ,c\?on4  ,m4 de ,witte1
 9 mak+ 8 catalogue1 decides t ! ,greek 
^w ne> ! manag] :o is po9t+ to ! scales 
means silphium or asafoetida3 ! mo/     
odi\s ( flavors to u1 b "o :i* /ill     
provokes delici\s titillations 9 "s     
,ori5tals4 ,altoge!r1 we get a glimpse (
 life 9 ?is e>ly ,p9d>ic "t2 we see t a 
k+ !n 0 n a m]e figure-head1 b a real k+
 :o ov]saw 8 c>goes1 & probably lov$    
asafoetida1 & 0 fond ( mak+ money1 z "s 
( our sov]eigns are to-day4  ,! numb] ( 
^! vases1 cups1 etc41 n[ exi/+ 9 ,europe
 is v great--at lea/ #bj1jjj1 & "s      
exp]ts make ! numb] z high z #gj1jjj4 ,!
 be/-kn[n collections are--at ,naples 9 
! ,museo ,borbonico1 #b1jjj2 9 !        
,vatican at ,rome1 #a1jjj2 at ,flor5ce1 
#gjj2 at ,tur91 #ejj2 at ,vi5na1 #cjj2  
at ,b]l91 #a1fij2 at ,muni*1 #a1gjj2 at 
,dresd51 #bjj2 at ,c>lsruhe1 #bjj2 at   
,p>is1 ! ,l\vre1 #a1ejj2 ,biblio?que    
,nationale1 #ejj2 at ,london1 ,briti%   
,museum1 #b1fjj4 ,!re are also a great  
_m 9 private collections ?r\gh\t ! _w4  

,:at ! ke5 & arti/ic m9d wants to "k is1
 n only :at f9e "w 0 done by ! ,greeks1 
b :y !y did x--:at1 inde$1 made t life m
 beautiful ?an any we f9d 9 all ! e>li] 
hi/ories ( man4  ,?r\gh ! wrecks &      
convulsions ( "t ?is cr[d ( delicate1   
p]i%able ?+s /ill exi/s2 :at va/ numb]s 
mu/ h be5 made & de/roy$ 9 ! v>y+       
populations ( ,greece1 ,rome1 ,tyre1    
,c>?age1 & :]ev] ,grecian civilizations 
& ta/es made _! way1 x is n easy = ! m9d
 to compass4 ,& we mu/ rememb] t ^! ?+s 
we n[ describe 7 n 9 e man's h&2 !y 7 9 
a good degree = ! ri* & well-to-d4 ,no  
slave 7& slaves !n ab\nd$7 us$ a kylix f
 :i* to dr9k 8 w9e1 nor an o5o*oe f :i* 
to p\r x4  ,t vases & cups 7 us$ & made 
especially z tok5s ( affection to be    
plac$ 9 ! tombs1 we "k2 t !y 7 fa%ion$ &
 pa9t$ = prizes at ! ,pana!naic games ( 
,greece1 we "k2 & t !y 7 us$ 9 _m ways 9
 ! symposia & fea/s1 we also "k2 & !    
numb]s made mu/ h be5 nigh c\ntless4 ,no
 satisfactory explanation ( ?is pr(usion
 has s f> be5 hit ^u4  ,! pott]ies1 (   

c\rse1 mu/ h be5 _m2 = ,brongni>t cites 
9 ,greece prop] twelve n[ kn[n cities   
:]e vases 7 made2 9 ,italy1 "s f\rte52 &
 we "k1 also1 t !y 7 made 9 mo/         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4--;,cup (      
,arcesilaus1 ,view ( ! ,outside4  ( !   
colonies :]e ,greek cu/oms /amp$        
!mselves4 ,! dem& = all ?is product 01 (
 c\rse1 equal to ! supply4 ,:ile we "k t
 ,greek civilizations _h rea*$ a high   
place1 & t man1 physically &            
intellectually1 _h come nigh to         
p]fection1 woman _h n kept pace ) him4  
,! home !n 0 n :at we n[ make x1 or     
attempt to1 a temple 9 :i* all ( com=t1 
all ( luxury1 all ( beauty1 are ga!r$4  
,! ,greek h\se1 ev5 9 ,a!ns1 0 r>ely1   
l>ge2 ! pr9cipal salons = ! fea/s 7 us$ 
only by m51 = ! ladies ( ! h\se did n   
appe> at ^? times4 ,! wom5's ap>tm5ts 7 
m seclud$1 & 7 n us$ = %[2 we %\ld n1   
!re=e1 expect !m to be fill$ ) objects (
 art & ornam5t1 ?\gh !y w\ld n1 ( c\rse1
 be exclud$4 ,t !re %\ld be1 z we h %[n 
!re 01 a great production ( articles    

devot$ to ! ta/es ( ! fair] sex is easy 
to und]/&1 & = !m1 z well z = m51 7 made
 ! beautiful leky?oi1 ! alaba/ron1 & o!r
 articles1 = p]fumes1 = ! toilet1 & !   
ba?2 = ^! we c acc\nt4 ,! life ( ! m>ri$
 woman 0 n !n pass$ 9 public &          
out-(-doors z x n[ has come to be2 %e 0 
n ! c5tral or only or pr9cipal figure   
ar\nd :i* society revolv$2 nor did !    
social or intellectual1 ! arti/ic or    
lit]>y life f9d its c5tre or its        
applause ) h]4 ,t %e frequ5t$ ! !atres )
 m5 is n believ$1 ?\gh %e _h h] own     
opportunities = ! indulg5ce ( ?is ta/e2 
& x seems probable t "s                 
repres5tations--z ! trag$ies--7 op5 =   
bo? m5 & wom54 ,h] life p>took ( !      
seclusion :i* /amp$ ! ,asiatic c\rts4   
,%e _h _m duties & occupations2 = !     
wife1 ) h] maid5s or h] slaves1 n only  
mu/ prep>e & s]ve ! food1 %e mu/ also   
sp9 & weave & make ! g>m5ts = h]        
h\sehold4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#dh4--;,cup ( ,arcesilaus1 ,view ( !    
,inside4  ,! c>e & education ( *ildr51 !

 sup]vision ( ! h\se & ! slaves1 !      
production ( /uffs & g>m5ts1 ( p]fumes &
 ungu5ts1 gave necess>y occupations 9   
great pr(usion1 & su* z w\ld alleviate  
ennui--su* z w\ld put amusem5ts into a  
second r ?an a fir/ place 9 h] he>t4  ,b
 ! tru? is t h] life 0 s dull1 s devoid 
( excit+ c>es1 t _m wom51 & among !m "s 
( ! mo/ beautiful1 mo/ witty1 & mo/     
cultivat$ ( ,greece1 pref]r$ ! s$uctive 
& excit+ dang]s ( ! life ( ! hetaira to 
! safe & frigid respectability &        
dullness ( ! m>ri$ wife4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #di4--;,etruscan ,vase4  ,t dress
 0 a matt] ( important ?\ght ) woman !re
 also1 is beyond d\bt2 & ! textures ( ! 
*itons & himations1 ! prop] colors ( _! 
b&s & _! girdles1 caus$ mu* p]plexity to
 ! beautiful ,greek maid51 z !y h to !  
beautiful ,am]ican ( to-day4 ,b ! ,greek
 seems to h escap$ "o great mis]y &     
my/]y--h] fa%ions did n *ange2 no /aff (
 design+ m5 0 work+ ) swift bra91 h&1 & 
p5cil1 9 ,a!ns or ,cor9?1 to p]plex h]  
delicate m9d ) fa%ion-books1 ?us =c+ h] 

into exquisite torture1 & keep+ h] !re4 
,! pictures ^u ! vases cont9u+ ?r\gh _m 
c5turies1 %[ no v m>k$ *anges 9 dress4  
,0 woman1 !n1 supremely happy8 ,:o c    
say6 ,besides dress1 !re c be no "q1 f !
 l>ge numb]s ( p]fume-bottles & vases ( 
clay1 z well z f ! quantity ( ^? ( glass
 f\nd by ,cesnola 9 8 excavations1 t a v
 great degree ( luxury1 if n ( d&yism1 0
 rea*$ by ! wom5 z well z ! m5 9 t good 
old day ( ,greece4 ,we "k some?+ ( !    
luxury1 ! lavi% da9t9ess ( ,alcibiades &
 8 fri5ds1 b v little ( t ( _! wives4   
,!re 01 h[ev]1 an evil ?+ 9 ,greece1 &  
"o :i* ! ,greek wife felt /rongly1      
ke5ly--x 0 ! hetairai1 ! demi-monde ( ! 
great cities4 ,n[h]e except 9 ,engl& &  
,am]ica has ! virtue ( m>ri$ woman be5  
held at s extreme & exalt$ a height1    
n[h]e has its sale be5 l[]$ to su* a    
dep?1 z 9 ,a!ns4  ,among ! hetairai (   
,a!ns & ,cor9? 7 f\nd ! mo/ beautiful1 !
 mo/ brilliant1 & ! mo/ highly-cultivat$
 wom5 ( ,greece2 to !m e attraction 0 ( 
ine/imable value1 & :atev] w\ld *>m m5 0

 to be s\ght & seiz$4 ,t among !m 7 wom5
 ( great m5tal gifts1 ( mu* political k1
 ( highly-cultivat$ arti/ic p]ceptions1 
we h e reason to believe2 t ! hetairai  
made _! h\ses z attractive z possible we
 may also believe2 & 9 !m1 we d n d\bt1 
7 f\nd "s ( ! be/ examples ( ! art (    
,greece outside ! temples & ! gymnasia4 
,"h we may suppose t ! f9e vases f\nd   
appreciative recipi5ts1 z well z        
appreciative admir]s among m54 ,t all :o
 sold _! *>ms 7 :at we t]m ab&on$ is n  
true2 !y did n s consid] !mselves1 & 7 n
 s e/eem$ among ! m5 or wom5 ( ,greece2 
t "s ( !m1 _m ( !m1 became s1 is beyond 
d\bt true4 ,b among !m "s 7h[ _m :o c   
tell87 7 cultivat$1 int]e/+1 able1 !re  
is no d\bt2 & t !y cont9u$ s4 ,x 0 long 
! fa%ion to suppose & to say t ! poetess
 ,sappho1 & ! politician ,aspasia1 7    
c\rtesans1 :i* h>dly any man w n[       
ma9ta94 ,z to ! =m] less is kn[n1 b     
,aspasia1 ?\gh n legally m>ri$ to       
,p]icles 7z %e c\ld n be71 0 virtually 8
 wife & p>tn] ?r\gh all 8 life1 9 8     

s*emes = gov]n+1 exalt+1 & beautify+    
,a!ns4 ,h] h\se !n 0 ! mo/ beautiful1 ! 
mo/ complete1 & ! mo/ attractive1 9     
,a!ns2 & to x resort$ ! mo/ not$        
/atesm51 rhetoricians1 philosoph]s1     
wits1 & arti/s1 ( t mo/ rem>kable city &
 "t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4              
#ej4--;,etruscan ,vase4  ,x is a        
mis=tune to u t no ,greek h\se ( ! "t ( 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--;,etruscan   
,vase4  ,p]icles1 ! p]fect day ( a mo/  
rem>kable & highly-/hetic civilization1 
rema9s2 ei!r its /one-walls1 or 9       
pictures on its temple-walls or on its  
vases4 ,! great cata/rophe :i* ov]:elm$ 
,h]culaneum & ,pompeii has secur$ to u !
 means ( kn[+ h[ ! luxuri\s ,roman liv$ 
9 ^? little seaside cities eighte5      
hundr$ ye>s ago2 a "t :5 ,cs> 0 h>dly   
dead1 & ,jesus almo/ unkn[n4 ,e h\se 9  
,a!ns & 9 ,cor9?1 9 ,samos & 9 ,melos1  
has be5 swept away by ! besom ( w> or ! 
fea!r$ w+ ( ,"t4 ,we "k :at we d "k f ! 
v]ses ( ! poets or ! allusions ( !      
playwrights1 & t is all2 b f ^! we ga!r 

t ! h\se or home 0 a place r = ! woman  
?an = ! man2 t 9 x ! woman1 ?\gh n      
exactly a prison] z 9 ! h>ems ( !       
,asiatic k+s1 0 expect$ to /ay & to f9d 
h] sph]e4 ,! port] sat at ! door ( !    
h\se1 & :5 ! woman walk$ =? %e w5t      
accompani$ by h] slave1 & x 0 kn[n = :at
 %e w5t4  ,! life ( ! ,greek man 0      
ess5tially & 9 8 be/ h\rs outside 8 own 
h\se4 ,by ! ,greek man we n[ mean ! upp]
 or m weal?y classes2 all ^! _h _! "w   
done by slaves4 ,he w5t =? 9 ! e>ly     
morn+ to visit ! !atres1 :]e he 0       
ent]ta9$ ) ! dramas ( s*ylus1 (         
,euripides1 ( ,ari/ophanes2 he          
breakfa/$2 he visit$ ! m>kets2 he w5t to
 ! ba?2 to ! hairdress]2 he conv]s$ 9 ! 
porticoes2 he frequ5t$ ! gymnasia1 :]e  
he c\ld talk or li/51 :]e he c\ld       
ex]cise & enjoy 8 body1 :]e beautiful   
bodies & philosophic tongues f\nd free  
play & ample room4 ,ev]y?+ ( politics1 (
 poetry1 ( art1 ( sc&al1 0 a delight to 
! ke5 & active intellect ( ! ,greek2 z 9
 ,/4 ,paul's day1 he 0 eag] to he> or   

see "s new ?+3 & :5 su* a rul] z        
,p]icles _h grasp$ ! purse & ! sword1 & 
_h ga!r$ toge!r 9 ! small city ( ,a!ns  
all ! sculptures1 all ! poetry1 all !   
eloqu5ce1 all ! pictures1 all ! vases1  
to adorn & glorify x1 ! ,greek man may  
be said--us+ our expressive ,am]ican    
phrase--to h _h a good "t6--z good z he 
has be5 able yet to see 9 ! long hi/ory 
( ! race4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#eb4--;,etruscan ,vase4  ,kn[+ z mu* z  
we d ( ! life ( ! ,greek man & ! ,greek 
woman1 ne$ we be surpris$ t ! r         
%>p-temp]$ ,xantippe1 wife ( t          
delightful vagabond & philosoph]1       
,socrates--he :o puzzl$ ! too consci\s  
sophi/s & pleas$ ! simpl] p1 :o lov$ !  
true & hat$ ! false2 he :o liv$ = wisdom
 & n = p[]2 :o c>$ mu* = m9d & less =   
money2 :o bask$ 9 ! sun%9e ( ! porticoes
 & p9$ 9 ! %ad[s ( 8 own h\se--ne$ we be
 surpris$ t ?is wife ( 8 0 driv5 to g =?
 at times to seek h] vagrant "l 9 !     
?rong ( ! m>ket-place or ! excitem5ts ( 
! ,academy1 & to lead him !nce to !     

place ( 8 wife & *ildr58 ,ne$ we be     
surpris$ t h] spee* 0 !n unmelodi\s1    
unconjugal1 & t %e became a sport &     
by-^w = ! wick$ wits ( t brilliant city8
  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--;,etruscan 
,vase4  ,b ) 8 faults ,socrates _h !    
great virtues ( s]5ity & pati5ce1 always
 indisp5sable 9 ! m>ri$ man1 at lea/4   
,if ! vases _h only pres]v$ = u !       
portraits ( ,xantippe & ,socrates1 or   
ev5 ( ! room !y liv$ 91 h[ mu* w\ld we  
?ank !m6 ,z to ! pictures ^u ! vases1 ! 
be/ ( !m seem to be copi$ or adapt$ by !
 vase-pa9t]s f pictures ( ! be/ arti/s (
 ,greece1 made to illu/rate ! wor%ip or 
! do+s ( ! gods1 ! great de$s ( ! h]oes1
 ! feats at games1 ! triumphs at !      
fea/s1 etc41 etc4 ,_m ( ^! are b        
c>elessly1 ev5 poorly1 put ^u ! vases2 !
 be/ are ^? we mu/ look = to admire1 to 
enjoy1 & to emulate4  ,! tub ( ,diog5es1
 !re is reason to believe1 0 a great    
e>!n vase or pot--! ,,pi?os4 ,^! 7 built
 up ( clay by ! ,greeks by h& ar\nd a   
frame1 & 7 aft]w>d bak$4 ,z !y sometimes

 rea*$ ! dim5sions ( ov] ?ree feet 9    
diamet] & six or sev5 feet 9 height1 x  
is pla9 t !y c\ld n be turn$ ^u !       
pott]'s :eel4 ,x is easy1 too1 to und]/&
 :at an excell5t %elt] su* a pot w\ld   
make = su* a cynical philosoph] z       
,diog5es1 :o ne$$ a v *eap r5t4 ,b if a 
wick$ boy %\ld ?r[ a cruel /one "s f9e  
ev5+1 /rik+ ! pot 9 a weak spot1 ! r5t  
might end 9 a convulsion & ru94         
,,etruscan ,,vases4--,! ,etruscan vase n
 be+ :at we h "h describ$ & figur$ z !  
,greek vase1 x rema9s to say briefly t !
 vases & pots made by ! ,etruscans be=e 
! com+ ( ! ,greek pott]s 7 q diff]5t2   
rud] & less f9e 9 =m & 9 decoration4    
,inde$1 x is n likely t ! pa9t$ vase    
f\nd 9 ,italy1 kn[n z ! ,greek vase1 0  
ev] ! "w ( ! ,etruscan workm54 ,!       
,etruscan pott]y 0 ?ick]1 less          
ornam5tal1 & x indicates a diff]5t race 
& l[] /hetic developm5t4 ,9 ! ,museum ( 
,art at ,bo/on is n[ plac$ a collection 
( ,etruscan "w :i* is said to be unique 
9 ?is c\ntry z well z 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ?is  

are a numb] ( vases :i* are ornam5t$ )  
heads & figures 9 relief1 n %>p & f9e2  
^! are :olly cov]$ ) a black color4 ,a  
few :i* are pa9t$ are q diff]5t &       
inf]ior to ! "w ( ! ,greeks4 ,!         
collection 0 secur$ 9 ,italy by ,mr4 ,j4
 ,j4 ,dixwell1 :o has be5 s good z to   
pres5t x to ! museum4 ,figs4 #di1 #ej1  
#ea1 #eb1 #ec1 are examples ( "s ( !    
vases 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,l\vre1 :i* pres5t
 ! g5]al /yle & "* ( ?is "w2 !y %[      
cle>ly h[ mu* ! real ,etruscan vase     
diff]s f ! true ,greek vase4     ,,*apt]
 ,,iii4  ,,unglaz$ ,,pott]y ,,at ,,!    
,,great ,,exhibition ,,( #ahgf4         
,unglaz$ ,wat]-,colors4--,clay          
,sket*es4--,japanese ,clay              
,figures4--,spani% ,pots4--,italian     
,peasant                                
,pott]y4--,egyptian4--,turki%4--,mexican
4--,watcombe                            
,t]ra-cotta4--,cop5hag5 ,pott]y4   ,!   
reports ( ! judges h n yet appe>$1 s t  
we d n & _c "k :at _! aw>ds may be4 ,b z
 s _m p]sons :o saw & judg$ = !mselves  

may nev] see ^! reports1 x may !re=e    
s]ve to rem9d !m ( _m ?+s !re if ,i put 
d[n "h my own notes ( :at ,i saw &      
admir$4  ,my notes d n cov] ! :ole      
gr\nd1 by any means1 b ,i ?9k !y t\* ^u 
! be/ examples ( ! unglaz$ "w1 ( :i*1   
h[ev]1 ! quantity 9 no degree equal$ t (
 ! glaz$ pott]y or fai5ce2 &1 inde$1 x  
c\ld n1 because = mo/ ( ! uses ( life x 
is valueless4 ,! glaz$ pots are ( c\rse 
mu* /rong]1 &1 = h\sehold uses1 h almo/ 
entirely supplant$ ! o!r4 ,unglaz$ pots 
& pans are /ill 9 common dome/ic use1 b 
!y h a glaze on ! inside :i* r5d]s !m   
capable ( hold+ liquids4 ,unglaz$       
vessels are mu* us$ along ! %ores ( !   
,m$it]ranean = ! purpose ( cool+ wat]1 !
 p]colation & evaporation f ! surface   
br++ ! wat] to a delici\s coolness1 :i* 
is grateful to ! p>*$ palate2 inde$1 x  
is mu* m :olesome ?an ! int5se coldness 
creat$ by ! use ( ice4 ,_m a dyspeptic  
/oma* ) u w\ld gladd5 if refre%$ ) !    
crisp wat] produc$ by ! ,spani% or      
,egyptian cool]s1 :i* are n[ made fev]i%

 ) ! icy ,am]ican draughts p\r$ into !m4
  ,9 ,p>is are /ill made _m small       
figures 9 unglaz$ clay1 "s ( :i* are    
full ( arti/ic effects2 !y are sket*es 9
 clay1 & are valuable :5 !y are su*4 ,a 
great _m are made at "s ( ! pott]ies 9  
,engl&1 :i* are useless z works ( art1 &
 are useful only z *eap decorations4 ,"s
 ( !m are well m\ld$1 & are pleas+4 ,i  
notic$ none ( ^! at ! ,exhibition1 ?\gh 
x is likely !y 7 repres5t$ !re4  ,a v   
f9e example ( ?is sort ( unglaz$        
figure-"w 0 to be se5 9 a case 9 !      
,japanese collection s5t by ,kiriu      
,kosko ,kuwai%a4 ,x 0 a mu* high] class 
( "w ?an ! ,p]uvian1 ( :i* an           
illu/ration is giv5 at page #ai1 & 9 its
 way c\ld h>dly be excell$4 ,! figure 0 
ab\t twelve in*es high1 & seem$ to be an
 int5se embodim5t ( ,japanese jollity2  
its half-%ut eyes1 loll+ tongue1 &      
relax$ figure1 told ! /ory p]fectly4 ,my
 ,japanese guide1 philosoph]1 & fri5d1  
did n consid] x 9 any way a god1 ?\gh x 
0 s l ! ,*9ese ,p\tai1 god ( cont5t1 t  

"o wond]$4 ,if x inde$ _h be5 a dome/ic 
god1 our ke5 ,japanese g5tleman w\ld n h
 be5 likely to urge t view to u1 :o h   
less reg>d = o!r p's gods ev5 ?an = our 
own4  ,n f> f ! ,japanese exhibit 0 to  
be se5 9 ! ,spani% collection a pyramid 
( unglaz$ pott]y1 ne>ly or q all ( a    
light-buff color4 ,x _h ?is value1 t x 0
 su* z is 9 use to-day 9 ! h\ses ( !    
common p2 & t is ab\t all we c say = x4 
,! :ole ( x has be5 b\ght = !           
,p5nsylvania ,s*ool ( ,art4 ,:y !y %\ld 
want a hundr$ pieces ( ?is "w "o may    
well be at a loss to "k1 unless x is    
true t to own :at nobody else has is    
always a pleasure4  ,?r\gh\t ! s\!rn    
c\ntries ( ,europe1 9 ,spa91 ,france1   
,italy1 ,greece1 ,turkey1 & on ! s\!rn  
%ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 ?is k9d ( pott]y
 is made & us$1 & 9 "s cases x has mu*  
m]it 9 its =ms2 :5 decorat$1 x (t5      
rea*es a nave & fasc9at+ k9d ( art4  ,"s
 v pretty1 simple1 & orig9al pieces (   
?is sort ( pott]y h be5 br\ght to u f "t
 to "t f ,naples1 ?\gh ,i h nev] se5 any

 = sale4 ,i le>n f "o ( ! ,ca/ellanis t 
9 _m places ( ,italy ?is sort ( "w is   
made to-day1 mu* ( x = decorative       
purposes4 ,at "s ( !m vases & o!r       
vessels :i* are di/9ctly traditions     
d]iv$ f ! ,greek pott]s ( a ?\s& ye>s   
ago are /ill made2 at o!rs are made pots
 & vases1 cups & bniti]s1 :i* h sprung  
out ( ! simple arti/ic feel+ ( ! pott]s 
!mselves1 & :i* h t flavor ( g5u95ess   
:i* _c be too mu* enc\rag$4 ,! t5d5cy   
ev]y:]e is to copy some?+2 let u1 z f> z
 we c1 buy ! real & disp>age ! copy4 ,a 
hundr$ pieces ( ?is peasant pott]y 7 s5t
 me a few ye>s ago1 b !y 7 wreck$ ^u !  
vex$ ,b]mo!s1 & are ly+ at ! bottom ( ! 
sea4  ,a few pieces ( a light-gray body 
9 ! ,egyptian collection 7 excell5t bo? 
9 =m & 9 _! _m-color$ decoration4 ,^!   
pieces 7 l1 b bett] ?an1 mo/ ( t :i*    
comes out f ,africa ?r\gh ,tangi]1 ( :i*
 we saw none 9 ! ,ma9 ,build+1 b le>n$ t
 !re 0 a collection 9 ! ,tunisian       
,build+4 ,_m good pieces ( ?is b>b>ic   
pott]y are 9 ! c\ntry1 ?\gh mo/ ( !     

specim5s are glaz$4 ,^! ,egyptian pots h
 ?is va/ m]it1 t !y h come f ! p]sonal  
wants & ! dep?s ( ! moral consci\sness (
 ! ,egyptians !mselves2 f pott]s :o "k  
no language1 no c\ntry1 & no art1 b _!  
own2 & !re=e !y are 9 no way imitations 
( :at has be5 done 9 ,france1 or ,engl&1
 or ,bo/on4  ,! d>k-r$ t]ra-cotta w>e f 
,egypt 0 mo/ly 9 small pieces1 b 0      
excell5t 9 its model+ & f9i%2 & x 0     
satisfactory to see t x 0 mu* b\ght by  
our p4 ,?is clay1 ) its poli%$ surface1 
is peculi> to ,egypt2 at lea/ we see x  
n[h]e else4  ,?is r$ ,egyptian w>e1 is  
mu* l ! r$ ,roman w>e (t5 call$ ,samian1
 :i* has be5 spok5 ( 9 a prec$+ *apt]4  
,"s l>g] pieces h be5 br\ght by private 
p>ties f ,egypt1 :i* h mu* m]it 9 =m1 z 
well z 9 incis$ decoration4  ,! ,turks  
s5t a few examples ( _! simple pott]y1  
"s ( x unglaz$1 & "s cov]$ ) a deep-gre5
 glaze1 :i* 7 simply :at !y pret5d$ to  
be4 ,_! poly*rome decoration 0 also     
good1 b n s good z ! ,egyptian4         
,mexico1 too1 s5t a small collection (  

?is sort ( "w1 :i*  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #ed4--;,dani% ,pott]y4  smack$ yet ( ! 
,aztec races1 b too little ( x to be (  
mu* use4 ,a few glaz$ pots pa9t$ 9 !    
native fa%ion 7 excell5t1 & 7 b\ght up  
quickly1 because !y sugge/$ ,montezuma &
 8 br[n p1 :o h be5 :olly consum$ by !  
gre$y :ites4 ,! belief ( ,seor ,alej&ro 
,cass>91 ! pott] or deal] :o s5t f      
,mexico1 evid5tly 0 t ?is native        
spontane\s pott]y1 :i* d\btless is yet  
to be f\nd1 9 out-(-!-way places1 is n a
 ?+ to be pr\d (--at lea/1 x is n to be 
s5t to u2 t :at we want is a v poor     
imitation ( ,european porcela94 ,nor is 
su* a delusion 8 alone4  ,( t]ra-cotta  
"w 9 r$ & 9 buff !re 0 a good %[1 ma9ly 
f ,engl& & ,d5m>k4 ,! clay1 ! model+1 & 
! f9i%1 7 q p]fect 9 _m ( ^!4 ,!        
,watcombe p1 9 ,engl&1 _h already rea*$ 
p]fection 9 ! color & texture ( _! clay2
 & ! ,greek vases1 z well z jugs1 ew]s1 
& a v>iety ( ?+s--_! own designs--c\ld n
 h be5 bett]$ "s ?ree ye>s ago4 ,!y 7 !n
 satisfi$ to insure a simplicity :i*    

t\*$ p]fection4 ,9 _! exhibit at        
,philadelphia x 0 cle> t !y are no long]
 satisfi$ ) ?is1 or t a jad$ ta/e ne$s  
excitem5t4 ,! "w s5t u con/antly says1  
,we are try+ to d some?+ new & surpris+1
 if no?+ bett] ?an be=e4 ,! pr9cipal    
novelty 0 ! comb9+ ( two colors ( clay 9
 ! same pot2 z1 = example1 a light] body
 ) a d>k] r$ = ! h&les1 m\ld+s1 &       
ornam5ts4 ,dignity & repose 7 ?us lo/1 &
 no new pleasure 0 suppli$4 ,we felt    
sure t ?is w\ld n la/4 ,& !n1 :5 b&s (  
color or poly*rome decoration are us$ on
 ! f9e r$ clay1 !y ne>ly always d h>m2 &
 ! inevitable t5d5cy to ov]do _c be     
re/ra9$4 ,_! model$ figures seem$ to h  
nei!r ! delicacy ( ! p>ian nor ! sket*y 
fre$om ( "s ( ! ,fr5* design]s4 ,! color
 ( ! clay & ! f9i% ( ! ,watcombe        
t]ra-cotta vases are sup]ior to any ,i h
 ev] se54  ,"s ye>s ago ! ,cop5hag5     
pott]s made a v consid]able success 9 _!
 revival ( ! ,greek vase1 bo? pla9 &    
pa9t$ 9 black1 ) ,greek figures (       
horses1 w>riors1 wom51 etc4 7,fig4 #ed74

 ,^! h _h = ! la/ t5 ye>s a l>ge sale2 &
 z we _c h ! real ,greek vases because (
 _! sc>city & price1 x is well to h "s  
examples s well copi$ z ^! are4 ,b !re  
is a limit to "o's capacity = copies (  
,greek vases1 & x seems positive t we h 
rea*$ x4 ,we hope s4 ,ips5's wid[ s5t u 
"s ( ! yell[ vases & pots1 mo/          
delicately & delightfully pa9t$ ) !     
lotus & o!r ,egyptian designs1 :i* =    
subtilty ( color & precision ( t\* _c be
 surpass$4 ,^! we 7 glad to see our p   
buy+1 & n ! o!r4  ,among mu* t 0        
commonplace1 !re 7 _m examples ( good "w
 9 ! dep>tm5t ( unglaz$ pott]y4 ,x w\ld 
h be5 a great satisfaction to h met ) m 
:i* %[$ c\rage & fre%ness ( design4     
,:ile ! public are n s responsive to ^! 
z "o c\ld wi%1 !re is /ill en\gh to     
enc\rage pott]s & design]s 9 ?is        
direction1 if !y w only believe x4      
,,*apt] ,,iv4  ,,glaz$ ,,pott]y4--,,gr,s
 ,,de ,,fl&re1 ,,fr5*1 ,,g]man1 ,,etc4  
,def9ition ( ,glaze4--,v>ni%4--,enamel 9
 ,egypt1 ,babylon4--,!      ,arabs & !  

,moors4--,grs de ,fl&re4--,cologne1     
,reg5sburg1      ,baireu?1 ,neuwi$1     
,gr5zhaus51                             
,cobl5tz4--,holl&4--,beauvais4--,fl&]s4-
-,apo/le-,mugs4                         
--,graybe>ds4--,bell>m9es4--,pottle-,pot
s4--,mod]n      ,"w4--,d\lton           
,/one-w>e4--,e>ly ,g]man ,/one-w>e at   
,breslau4--,hirs*vogel4--,nuremb]g4     
,be=e say+ any?+ ab\t ! v>i\s /yles (   
glaz$ pott]y1 x may be well to give !   
def9itions ( glaze1 z pres5t$ by        
,m>ryatt1 ?us3  ,,glaze 7,glauure1      
,v]nis1 ,fr474--,! composition us$ =    
coat+ pott]y is compos$ *iefly ( lead & 
silex4 ,t = porcela9 is analog\s to     
fl9t-glass 7:5ce ! d]ivation glass+ or  
glaz+74 ,9 fact1 ?is t]m may be appli$  
to any sub/ance t cov]s ! surface ( !   
piece2 z1 = in/ance1 t produc$ by !     
decomposition ( salt on /one-w>e4 ,m4   
,brongni>t classes ! diff]5t k9ds (     
glaz+1 or vitre\s sub/ances ) :i* pott]y
 is cov]$ :5 f9i%$1 into ?ree k9ds3     
',v>ni%4--,e vitrifiable sub/ance1      

transp>5t & plumbif]\s1 :i* melts at l[ 
temp]ature1 g5]ally inf]ior to t requir$
 = ! bak+ ( ! pa/e3 common pott]y1 f9e  
e>!n-w>e4  ',enamel4--,a vitrifiable    
sub/ance1 opaque1 g5]ally /annif]\s     
7t973 majolica & common e>!n-w>e4       
',c\v]te4--,a vitrifiable sub/ance1     
e>?y1 :i* melts at a high temp]ature    
equal to t ( ! bak+ ( ! pa/e3 h>d       
porcela91 "s /one-w>es4444'  ,! m>k     
caus$ by ! abs5ce ( glaze is v app>5t 9 
,ori5tal porcela91 ! bottom edge be+    
r\gh & s&y4 ,?is defective appe>ance is 
obviat$ 9 ,europe by support+ ! piece ^u
 a tripod ) v small po9ts 7pr5ettes1    
,fr474 ,! ?ree ugly m>ks ^u old ,*elsea 
*9a are caus$ by ! clumsy tripod :i* 0  
employ$4  ,! use ( glaze & ( t9 to =m ! 
glaze or enamel seems to h be5 kn[n to !
 ,*9ese beyond ! "t :5 ,occid5tal       
records 7 kept4 ,x appe>s1 accord+ to   
,sir ,g>d9] ,wilk9son & ,mr4 ,samuel    
,bir*1 t v e>ly inde$ ! ,egyptian pott]s
 knew ! use ( ! silice\s glaze1 compos$ 
( s& & pota% or soda2 & also t small    

sepul*ral figures h be5 f\nd1 coat$ )   
enamels made f oxides ( t9 or copp]1    
dat+ z f> back z ! six? dyna/y 7,b4 ,c4 
#cgjc74 ,9 ! museums ( ,europe are      
pres]v$ tiles & bricks tak5 f ! temples 
or palaces ( ,egypt & ,babylon1 & !y mu/
 h be5 l>gely us$ long be=e our         
hi/orical "t4 ,^! glaz$ bricks are      
suppos$ to date back tw5ty-five hundr$  
ye>s be=e our era4  ,mr4 ,bir*1 9 8     
,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,pott]y1 says t ! use 
( ^! bricks 0 probably le>n$ by !       
,assyrians f ! ,egyptians1 :o at a v    
e>ly p]iod _h inlaid 9 ?is mann] ! *amb]
 ( ! ,pyramid at ,saqqu>a4  ,he says3 ,!
 glaz$ or enamel$ bricks f ,nimrd are ( 
! usual kiln-dri$ k9d1 measur+ ?irte5 & 
a half in*es squ>e1 & ab\t f\r & a half 
in*es ?ick4 ,!y 7 laid 9 r[s            
horizontally above ! slates ( sculpture 
( ! ,mosul m>ble1 & seem to h be5       
employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( cornices4 ,!y 
are glaz$ on "o ( ! n>r[ sides or edges 
only1 hav+ on ?is edge v>i\s patt]ns1   
*iefly ( an ar*itectural nature1 su* z  

guillo*e or *a9 ornam5ts1 b&s (         
palmettes or helices1 & fleurettes or   
fl[]s ( _m petals4 ,! colors employ$ 7  
blue1 black1 yell[1 r$1 & :ite4 ,!      
glaze1 :i* is mu* decompos$1 easily     
exfoliates1 & ! colors h lo/ mu* ( _!   
fre%ness4 ,x w\ld appe> t patt]ns (     
tol]ably l>ge size 7 execut$ 9 ?is      
mann]1 ea* brick hav+ its appropriate   
portion enamel$ ^u x4444 ,ano!r brick1  
f\nd by ,mr4 ,lay>d 9 ! e>lie/ palace ( 
,nimrd1 has an horizontal l9e (         
inscription 9 arr[-head$ *>act]s ( a    
d>k] color1 & ) squ>e heads l nails4    
,its t5or 0 ( ! usual purport3 ',?is is 
! great palace ( ,as>-ad5-pal4' ,bricks 
( ?is glaz$ k9d 7 f\nd *iefly 9 ! space 
betwe5 ! great bulls :i* flank$ !       
entrances ( ! *amb]s4 ,f ,nimrd 7 also  
br\ght corbels ( blue fai5ce1 or :at has
 be5 call$ porcela91 ! "u "p model$ to  
repres5t ! five f+]s ( ! h&4  ,?is mu*  
is giv5 to %[ h[ ! glaze 0 appli$ to    
pott]y by ! nations ( t v e>ly "t4 ,:]e 
!y got _! k--:e!r !y discov]$ x =       

!mselves 9 _! se>* into ! secrets (     
,nature1 or :e!r !y d]iv$ x f ! great _w
 ( life :i* lay beyond 9 ! f> ,ea/--we d
 n & _c "k4 ,b :y ?is s valuable k 0 n  
appli$ univ]sally by ^? acute peoples to
 ! ut5sils ( e-day life1 & to all :i* we
 n[ call arti/ic pott]y1 rema9s a curi\s
 "q4 ,t x 0 appli$ to "s ?+s1 we "k2 =  
small vases1 toys1 m>bles1 etc41 etc41 h
 be5 f\nd among ! ,egyptian tombs coat$ 
) ?is enamel2 b mo/ ( ! pott]y f\nd 9   
,egypt is )\t glaze1 :i* w\ld indicate t
 :at 0 9 ord9>y daily use 0 unglaz$4    
,examples ( ?is enamel$ w>e are to be   
se5 9 ! ,briti% & o!r museums ( ,europe4
  ,com+ to ! ,greeks1 x is s+ul> t no?+ 
( ?is enamel-glaze is f\nd4 ,! inf]5ce  
is1 t !y _h n ! k ( x1 & t ! art mu/ h  
be5 lo/2 = surely s valuable & beautiful
 an art1 if kn[n1 mu/ h be5 appli$ by s 
/hetic a p z ! ,greeks to ! uses ( life4
  ,^u ! ,greek vases1 ( :i* s _m        
examples rema91 !re appe>s sometimes to 
h be5 us$ a v ?9 & v transp>5t v>ni%2 b 
?is does n seem to h be5 a glaze made   

ei!r ( glass1 or ( lead1 or ( t94 ,if x 
0 a v>ni%1 & n a poli%1 ! probabilities 
po9t to its be+ a ?9 wa% ( soda or      
pota%4 ,?is v>ni% s]v$ to protect !     
pa9t+1 b did n prev5t ! p]colation (    
wat]4  ,! ,greek me?ods prevail$ among !
 ,romans4 ,among ! great numb]s (       
pott]s1 & ! va/ production ( pott]y1 !  
,romans seem n to h us$ ! glaze4 ,all t 
rema9s ( _! "w1 f\nd 9 ,gaul1 9 ,brita91
 & 9 o!r p>ts ( ,europe1 is ! unglaz$   
w>e4  ,! ,arabs & ! ,moors br\ght into  
,europe a k ( ! /annif]\s 7t97 glaze1 z 
has be5 expla9$ m fully else:]e4 ,to ?is
 ke5 & mo/ en]getic civilization ,europe
 owes its beg9n+s 9 ! arts ( pott]y1 z  
well z 9 _m o!r ?+s4  ,! value ( ! glaze
 9 all ! arts ( life _c be e/imat$4 ,:5 
! only cook+-ut5sils 7 ^? made ( unglaz$
 pott]y1 ! cook+ 0 ( ! simple/1 if n mo/
 insuffici5t1 "*4 ,inde$1 at t "t x is n
 likely t meat 0 cook$ 9 ! pot at all4  
,9 addition to ?is1 ! difficulty ( mak+ 
unglaz$ vessels capable ( hold+ w9e1    
oil1 etc41 )\t wa/+ !m sl[ly1 mu/ h     

=bidd5 ^? ?+s be+ kept to su* a "t z to 
insure p]fection1 n to m5tion !         
inevitable loss4  ,x is likely t su*    
unglaz$ pots 7 !n pa9t$ on ! inside ) "s
 res9\s sub/ance :i* 9 a degree met !   
difficulty1 b :i*1 at ! same "t1 imp>t$ 
a flavor to ! w9e :i* we _c believe to h
 be5 delici\s4  ,betwe5 ,*9a & ! ,spani%
 ,moors exi/ a wide gap & c5turies ( "t1
 9 :i* glaz$ pott]y & porcela9 int5d$ = 
! uses ( dome/ic life seem to h be5     
unkn[n4 ,& ?is1 too1 0 among ! ,greeks1 
! ,pho5icians1 ! ,romans--nations eag] =
 e good ?+1 a/ute1 ke51 grasp+4 ,among !
 rema9s ( ,roman art h be5 f\nd a few   
pieces ( pott]y ^u :i* are traces ( !   
use ( a glaze2 b1 if x 0 us$ at all1 x  
seems to h be5 almo/ an accid5t--n at   
all z ) u1 to complete & p]fect ! "w4   
,to ! ,moors & ! ,moori% civilization ( 
,spa91 ,europe owes ! k or !            
introduction ( ?is mo/ valuable art1 :i*
 has enabl$ h] to rea* su* p]fection 9 !
 mak+ ( fictile w>e z we n[ see & enjoy4
  ,n only has ! glaze 7& enamel7 giv5   

great /r5g? to pott]y1 & increas$ its   
use to an inf9ite v>iety3 x has also    
enabl$ mo/ nations1 beg9n+ ) ! ,*9ese1  
to add to its beauty1 &1 inde$1 to      
develop or create a me?od ( arti/ic     
expression :i* is peculi> & mo/ int]e/+4
 ,?is subject w be treat$ m fully1 9 !  
progress ( ?is "w1 9 a *apt] ^u decorat+
 porcela9 & pott]y4  ,aft] ! "w ( !     
,moors 9 ,spa91 :i* w be treat$ 9 a     
sep>ate *apt]1 "o ( ! e>lie/            
applications ( ! glaze 9 ,europe 0 ^u a 
h>d sort ( /one-w>e made at v>i\s places
 along ! ,rh9e1 & 9 ,fl&]s & ,g]many4 ,x
 has come to be kn[n "u a g5]ic title ( 
,,gr,s ,,de ,,fl&re1 :ile b little ( x 0
 really made 9 ,fl&]s4 ,a great c5tre ( 
its manufacture & sale1 z e>ly z !      
#acjj's ( our era1 0 at ,cologne2 & a m 
fit "n = x w\ld be ,grs de ,cologne2    
/ill1 ! usual "n is ! "o ! _w kn[s x by4
  ,! body or pa/e ( :i* ?is is compos$  
diff]s f ! fai5ces or e>!n-w>es ( :i* we
 write4  ,x is h>d]1 heavi]1 & mu* m    
durable4 ,! common] k9ds are made s by a

 consid]able mixture ( silice\s s&2 :ile
 9 ! f9] k9ds1 kn[n z ,grs de ,fl&re1   
!re are mix$ ) ! pa/e o!r clays1 su* z  
t]re de pipe & kaol94 ,?is h>d & heavy  
body has long be5 us$ = common /one-w>e 
jugs & pots made = e-day use4 ,9 ,*9a x 
0 & is /ill us$ z a body = vases &      
di%es1 :i* receiv$ a cov]+ or engobe1 & 
^u t an arti/ic f9i%--su* z !           
crackle-vases1 & _m o!rs4  ,! glaze ^u  
:at we "k z ,grs de ,fl&re 0 made by us+
 9 ! furnace common salt2 ! fumes ( :i*1
 comb9+ ) ! fus$ silex1 result$ 9 :at is
 t]m$ ! salt-glaze4 ,?is requires a high
 degree ( heat1 9 :i* no colors w /ay   
except ! blue ( cobalt1 a br[n1 & a     
violet4  ,! ,grs de ,fl&re1 ( :i* we    
give two illu/rations 7,figs4 #ee &     
#ef71 is n[ well kn[n "u t "n4 ,its     
color is a liquid gray1 & its decoration
 is made ) ! blue ( cobalt4 ,"s pieces (
 ?is w>e are highly & beautifully       
decorat$1 z is se5 on ! f9e f\nta9 n[ 9 
! museum ( ! ,l\vre 7,fig4 #ee74 ,mo/ ( 
! figures & reliefs are made ) m\lds1   

:i* h a qua9t int]e/2 !y 7 cut 9 wood1  
c>efully1 (t5 ) consid]able arti/ic     
expression4 ,! be/ "w ( ?is sort 0 made 
9 ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 & is    
mo/ly ,g]man4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4     
#ee4--;,grs de ,fl&re ,f\nta91 ,muse du 
,l\vre4  ,!re 7 factories at ,cologne1  
at ,reg5sburg1 at ,baireu?1 at ,neuwi$1 
at ,gr5zhaus51 at ,cobl5tz1 & at o!r    
places along ! ,rh9e4 ,! same "w 0 also 
made 9 ,holl&1 9 ,fl&]s1 & 9 ,beauvais4 
,_m pieces ( ?is /yle ( "w 7 decorat$ ) 
figures ( sa9ts1 & o!r sacr$ emblems4   
,"s pieces1 su* z salt-cell>s1 ink/&s1 &
 c&le/icks1 7 c>efully model$ by h&1 & h
 ?us an add$ int]e/4 ,i "k ( b few      
pieces ( ?is "w 9 our museums1 :ile ^? (
 ,europe h made special attempts to     
secure examples ( x2 = x has a peculi>  
"* ( its own1 & 9 _m cases is delici\s 9
 color & mo/ qua9t & arti/ic 9 its =ms &
 decoration4 ,(t5 coats-(-arms are f\nd 
impress$ ^u tank>ds & bottles & flagons 
( ?is "w1 & mo/ ( ^! are ,g]man4 ,!y 7  
evid5tly reproduc$ f ! m\lds1 & sold to 

o!rs ?an ! p]sons ^: arms !y bore4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--,pilgrim-%ap$
 ,grs ,bottle1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4  ,! 
mak+ ( ?is w>e 0 und\bt$ly "o /ep by :i*
 ,btt*] at la/ succe$$ 9 mak+ true      
porcela9 at ,dresd54  ,fig4 #ef is a    
pilgrim-bottle1 b\ght at ! ,b]nal sale  
by ! ,briti% ,museum = eighte5 p\nds4   
,at ,baireu? 7 made1 9 ! #afjj's1 "s v  
curi\s mugs1 call$ ,apo/le-,mugs1       
because ! figures ( ! twelve apo/les 7  
work$ 9 relief ar\nd ! cup4 ,! clay 0 a 
d>k-br[n1 b ! dresses ( ! figures & !   
inscriptions 7 pa9t$ 9 colors4 ,mr4     
,fr$]ick ,j4 ,betts1 ( ,new ,york1 has  
"o ( ^! int]e/+ bits ( "w2 !y are n[    
h>dly ev] (f]$ = sale4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #eg4--;,br[n ,graybe>d or        
,bell>m9e4  ,! ,graybe>ds1 or           
,longbe>ds1 or ,bell>m9es1 7 made l>gely
 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries = _! own uses1 & 7   
export$ to ,engl&4 ,we give an          
illu/ration 7,fig4 #eg7 ( "o 9 ,mr4     
,prime's collection4 ,!re is also an    
excell5t "o1 ,i believe1 9 possession ( 

,dr4 ,breck1 ( ,spr+field1              
,massa*usetts4 ,^! 7 int5d$ = use1 &    
usually c>ri$ f "o qu>t to ?ree gallons4
 ,!y 7 always 9 br[n--at lea/ ,i h se5  
none 9 ! gray2 b _! decoration 0        
sometimes t\*$ ) ! violet-color4 ,!y are
 a v h&some & decorative bottle4 ,! "n (
 ,bell>m9e 0 giv5 !m because1 9 !       
sixte5? c5tury1 :5 ^! bottles 7 made &  
us$1 ! ,c>d9al ,bell>m9 0 s5t into ! ,l[
 ,c\ntries to c\nt]act ! movem5ts ( !   
p]nici\s ,re=m]s !n s zeal\sly at "w    
!re4 ,he 0 cordially hat$ by !          
,prote/ants1 & receiv$ f !m 8 due %>e ( 
contumely4 ,hav+ a %ort /ature & a l>ge 
/oma*1 l ! ,longbe>d bottles1 &1 z !y   
said1 hold+ l !m mu* v9\s or o!r liquor1
 !y soon call$ ! bottle a ,bell>m9e1 :i*
 "n x be>s to ?is day--s t1 inde$1 x may
 be said1 ! bottle has immortaliz$ !    
man4  ,^! bottles 7 l>gely 9 use on !   
,cont95t & 9 ,engl& all ?r\gh           
,%akespe>e's "t1 & "o 0 dug up on ! site
 ( ! ,bo>'s ,head at ,ea/*eap4 ,!       
pottle-pot1 z ! bottle 0 !n call$1 held 

ab\t two qu>ts4 ,9 "o ( ! old ,engli%   
plays1 ,clodpate says3 ,uds-buds1 my    
head beg9s to turn r\nd2 b let's into ! 
h\se4 ',tis d>k1 we'll h "o ,bell>m9e m1
 & !n ,bonus ,nocius4  ,sometimes ^!    
,graybe>ds 7 h&somely m\nt$1 & came to  
be rank$ high among ! h\sehold gods4 ,an
 inv5tory ( ! ,duke ( ,burgundy1 made 9 
#adfg1 speaks ( "o ( !m z be+ decorat$ )
 silv] & gold3 ,ung hault ,goblet de    
,t]re ouvr et *iquet  ung visaige d'un  
h]emite1 g>ny au dessus et au dess\bs   
d'arg5t dor1 et le c\v]cle aussi d'arg5t
 dor4  ,^u ! ,rh9e ^! /one pots are /ill
 made = common uses1 & l>gely2 ! same   
sort ( clay is also ext5sively conv]t$  
into seltz]-wat] bottles4 ,ne> ,cobl5tz 
are sev]al pott]ies devot$ to ?is sort (
 "w4 ,at ^! places1 s9ce ! great desire 
= int]e/+ pott]y has sprung up1 "s v    
fair copies ( ! old grs h be5 made4 ,at 
fir/ !y 7 made ) consid]able c>e1 & !n  
_h "s value1 %[+ u1 z !y did1 :at ?is v 
qua9t & v orig9al pott]y 02 & !y 7 (    
value1 z we c\ld n h ! orig9als4 ,b n[  

!re is no re/ra9t1 & !y are turn$ out by
 ! %ip-load 9 a slov5ly /yle1 & are to  
be se5 9 e %op-w9d[4 ,=tunately1 !y d n 
pret5d to be ! real ?+2 &1 =tunately1 !y
 w h b a %ort exi/5ce1 z !y d n gr[ out 
( any true want or true use4  ,,d\lton  
,,/one-,,w>e4--,on ! o!r h& has sprung  
up at ,lambe?1 ,engl&1 9 ! pott]ies ( ! 
,d\ltons1 /one-w>e :i* is true1 orig9al1
 arti/ic1 & delightful4 ,?is is ! same  
pa/e z !  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4          
#eh4--;,d\lton ,w>e4  grs2 b1 in/ead (  
imitat+ t1 a scale & a v>iety ( colors h
 be5 develop$ :i* ! old grs c\ld n at   
all t\*4 ,by means ( ?\s&s ( exp]im5ts &
 mu* sci5tific k1 colors h be5 f\nd :i* 
w be> ! heat1 & "s ( ! results atta9$   
!re ( color alone are gratify+4  ,no    
pa9s or co/ h be5 sp>$ by ! ,messrs4    
,d\lton to br+ ab\t ! be/ "w4 ,arti/s h 
be5 employ$--inde$1 h be5 creat$--to    
inv5t & to br+ =? works novel 9 design &
 color2 & !y h done x4 ,we _c b welcome 
_! "w ) op5 h&s & op5 he>ts2 & we h     
reason to believe t ! public has welcom$

 x ) op5 purses4 ,a v f9e exhibition (  
?is "w 0 made at ! ,unit$ ,/ates        
,c5t5nial ,fe/ival at ,philadelphia1 :i*
 attract$ mu* & des]v$ praise4 ,among ! 
arti/s e>ly engag$ 7 "s ladies nam$     
,b>l[1 ,i ?9k1 :o did excell5t "w4 ,"o (
 !m et*$ 9 ! wet clay gr\ps ( animals   
:i* 7 spirit$ & fasc9at+2 ! o!r1 ,i     
believe1 did fl[]s & plants4 ,^! ladies 
w5t to "w1 & ?us solv$ ! woman "q1 s f> 
z x conc]n$ !mselves4 ,_! "w 0 mu* valu$
 by collectors z f> back z five or six  
ye>s4  ,besides ?is /yle1 _m decorat$   
vases1 bottles1 jugs1 cups1 etc41 etc41 
h be5 made1 ( :i* examples w be se5 9   
our illu/ration 7,fig4 #eh74  ,n only h 
great v>iety & beauty ( =m be5 rea*$1 b 
! me?ods ( decoration are equally v>i$4 
,"o ( ! mo/ elaborate is 9 ! use ( beads
 9 l9es or s+ly1 s z to produce a jewel$
 effect1 (t5 v brilliant & v f9i%$2 ?is 
is 9 dang] ( be+ c>ri$ to excess4  ,s _m
 pieces ( _! "w h be5 br\ght to ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 t ^? int]e/$ c see !m =        
!mselves1 & w ne$ no fur!r description4 

,,e>ly ,,g]man ,,glaz$ ,,pott]y4--,be=e 
leav+ ?is subject a few words may be    
said ^u ! e>ly ,g]man "w 9 pott]y4  ,we 
"k b little ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,g]man or    
,teutonic tribes be=e ! "t ( ,cs>2 b x 0
 f\nd !n t "h exi/$ /rong1 h&some1      
vigor\s races1 :o _h rea*$ an unexpect$ 
degree ( civilization4 ,!y _h brilliant 
arms & armor2 !y respect$ woman1 &      
honor$ old age4 ,9 ! museums are f\nd   
examples ( ! e>ly ,g]man unglaz$ pott]y1
 s mu* l t f\nd 9 ,egypt1 9 ,gaul1 9    
,p]u1 & 9 mo/ o!r p>ts ( ! globe1       
examples ( :i* are %[n 9 our fir/ *apt] 
^u unglaz$ pott]y4 ,j :5 !y began to use
 ! glaze = ! f9i%+ & protection (       
pott]y1 we d n "k4 ,b x is kn[n t x 0 9 
use !re "s two hundr$ ye>s be=e x _h be5
 appli$ 9 ,italy 9 ! #adjj's ,a4 ,d4    
,!re are evid5ces suffici5t to prove t !
 use ( enamel1 9 :i* t9 0 an elem5t1 0  
kn[n 9 ,g]many z e>ly z ! ?irte5?       
c5tury4  ,! mo/ fam\s piece ( ?is e>ly  
glaz$ pott]y is to be se5 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! 
,cross1 at ,breslau1 ,prussian ,silesia4

 ,x is a great monum5t ( pott]y1 built 9
 honor ( ! f\nd] ( ! *ur*1 ,h5ry ,,iv4 (
 ,silesia4 ,he lies at l5g?1 ! size (   
life1 we>+ 8 armor & 8 cr[n1 & ) a sword
 9 ! "r h&1 a %ield 9 ! left4 ,ar\nd !  
s>cophagus ^u :i* he lies are tw5ty-"o  
figures 9 bass-relief1 ! :ole execut$ 9 
! /yle ( ! e>lie/ ,g]man-,go?ic4 ,^u !  
monum5t is an inscription1 say+ t ,h5ry 
,,iv4 di$ on ! night ( ,/4 ,john1 9     
#abij1 etc41 etc4 ,?is does n prove t ! 
monum5t 0 execut$ !n2 b !re are o!r     
pro(s t x 0 made ab\t t "t1 9 ! dress1  
etc41 etc4  ,! "n mo/ conspicu\s among !
 e>ly pott]s ( ,g]many is ,hirs*vogel1  
:o work$ at ,nuremb]g1 & :o1 inde$1     
f\nd$ pott]ies !re :i* cont9u$ ?r\gh !  
c5tury4 ,he 0 born 9 #adda1 & di$ 9     
#aebe4 ,he appe>s to h be5 a pa9t] ^u   
glass1 b f t w5t to ! production ( glaz$
 pott]y4 ,l>ge plaques 9 bass-relief    
exi/ ( ?is "w1 & also arti/ic e>!n-w>e  
/oves1 "s ( :i* are elaborately &       
beautifully model$4 ,examples ( ^!1 z   
well z pots1 cru*es1 etc41 etc41 are to 

be se5 9 ! museum at ,nuremb]g4 ,! "w ( 
! ,g]man pott]s appe>s to h be5 f9i%$ ) 
! glaze e>li] ?an t ( any o!rs (        
,europe1 except t ( ! ,moors1 9 ,spa94  
,,*apt] ,v4  ,,glaz$                    
,,pott]y4--,,moori%1 ,,p]sian1          
,,rhodian1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4       ,!      
,arabs 9 ,spa94--,cordova1 ,granada1    
,seville4--,enamel &                    
,lu/res4--,hispano-,moresque4--,!       
,alhambra4--,tiles4--,vase ( !          
,alhambra4--,malaga4--,majorca &        
,maiolica4--,rhodian                    
,pott]y4--,damascus ,pott]y4--,p]sian & 
,arabic ,pott]y4--,p]sian               
,porcela94--,p]sian & ,arabic ,tiles4   
,be=e giv+ "s p>ticul>s ( ! int]e/+     
examples ( pott]y :i* h come to u f !   
,arabs & ! ,moors ( ,spa91 x may be well
 to devote a few mom5ts to ! p !mselves4
  ,i h ?\ght x well to gr\p "u "o head a
 numb] ( _! productions1 because !y are 
peculi>1 & because !y seem to h sprung f
 "o c5tre1 or to h gr[n up "u a         
correspond+ s5se ( ! beautiful1 s       

diff]5t f t ( o!r peoples4  ,beg9n+ ) ! 
pott]y ( ! ,spani% ,moors1 n[ call$     
,hispano-,moresque1 & :i* is ! late/1 we
 run backw>d to ! ,rhodian1 ! ,arabic1 !
 ,damasc5e1 & ! ,p]sian4 ,f :at examples
 ,i h be5 able to see ( ^!1 !y c]ta9ly  
%[ a /rong family lik5ess 9 _! colors1  
_! designs1 & _! clays4  ,x is h>dly to 
be suppos$ t ?is grew out ( _! religion1
 or t ! f]vid s\l ( ,mohamm$ fir$ ! s\ls
 ( 8 foll[]s ) t /rik+ & l[-ton$ &      
int5se & subtile h>mony ( blues1 gre5s1 
& br[ns1 :i* is s (t5 se5 on _! tiles & 
di%es4 ,x is m likely t1 beg9n+ some:]e1
 ! ,arabian pott]s c>ri$ ) !m :]ev] !y  
w5t _! colors & _! secrets2 & t :at 0   
desir$ 9 ,p]sia1 or ,damascus1 or       
,cairo1 mu/ be desir$ :]ev] ! foll[]s ( 
! fai?ful 7 f\nd2 & ?us !y w5t to "w to 
produce ^! v>i\s fictile w>es :i* are n[
 s mu* s\ght =4  ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s1 mo/
 int]e/+1 & mo/ picturesque episodes 9  
mod]n hi/ory is t ( ! ,moors 9 ,spa94   
,f ! ye> #gab to ! "t ( ! discov]y (    
,am]ica1 9 #adib1 ^! ,moslems held      

possession ( ! f9e/ p>ts ( ,spa91       
includ+ ! cities ( ,cordova1 ,granada1 &
 ,seville4 ,( ^!1 ,cordova & ,seville   
are old] ?an ! ,romans4 ,9 ! fir/ c5tury
 !y 7 f\ght ov] by ,cs> & ,pompey1 b 7 n
 de/roy$4 ,! %ores ( ,spa9 7 visit$ by !
 %ips ( ,tyre1 & aft]w>d by ! ,greeks2 b
 ^! came z trad]s1 r ?an z conqu]ors4 ,!
 old inhabitants1 ! ,ib]ians1 7 brave & 
det]m9$2 b !y c\ld n organize1 c\ld n   
resi/ ! invad+ arms ( ,rome1 :i* swept  
ov] ! _w "u ! lead]%ip ( "s "o able &   
d>+ lead]4 ,!n came 9 ! ,v&als & !      
,go?s4 ,!y sw>m$ d[n ^u ,italy1 & into  
,spa91 :]e !y became /rong & great4 ,z  
we read hi/ory1 we see almo/ no?+ b "o  
long1 fi]ce1 de/ructive fight1 & we     
wond] t !re c\ld h be5 any art1 any     
le>n+1 any k9dness1 9 ! _w2 = e man's h&
 0 aga9/ e man1 & ! *ief vocation (     
great m5 0 to rob & enslave o!r m54 ,s x
 has be51 s x is n[2 ! =ms *ange1 ! fact
 rema9s4 ,we h our feudal b>ons to-day4 
,b h[ came ! ,moors--! ,arabs1 r--9     
,spa98 ,briefly ?is may be answ]$3  ,!  

amaz+1 almo/ miracul\s p[] ) :i*        
,mohamm$ ! ,promis$ _h inspir$ !        
,arabian race l$ !m =? to conqu] &      
conv]t4 ,!y w5t ea/ & !y w5t we/1 until 
!y /ret*$ along ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean
 ,sea & rea*$ ! ,pill>s ( ,h]cules4     
,c\ld ! n>r[ /rait /op _! way8 ,!y pass$
 ov] x l dry l&1 & spread _! victori\s  
b&s ov] ! s\!rn "p ( ! p59sula1 &       
possess$ !mselves ( ! lovely l&s (      
,&alusia1 ,e/remadura1 ,ca/ile1 & ev5   
p5etrat$ to ! cold & savage m\nta9s (   
,nav>re4  ,:at 7 ^! ,moors8 ,7 !y savage
 bea/s1 cruel robb]s8  ,!y appe> to h   
br\ght into ,spa9 n only ,art1 b ! arts1
 sci5ces1 le>n+1 lit]ature4 ,"u ! /rong 
& able rule ( ,abd]rahman ,,iii4 7#iab  
to #ifa71 agriculture1 sci5ce1 trade1 & 
dec5t liv+1 ?rove z !y nev] yet _h done 
9 ,spa94 ,dur+ ! five or six c5turies 9 
:i* ! ,moors held ! l&1 x is easy to    
believe t ,spa9 enjoy$ a great] measure 
( worldly prosp]ity ?an be=e or s9ce4 ,9
 ?is "t ,cordova1 ! seat ( ! caliphate1 
grew to h a population ( a million s\ls2

 x _h ?ree hundr$ mosques & n9e hundr$  
ba?s4 ,its greate/ mosque1 begun 9 #ghf1
 %one ) f\r ?\s& silv] lamps1 & its dome
 0 rais$ al(t on twelve hundr$ sl5d]    
pill>s4  ,! city ( ,granada 0 built1 &  
^u ! sides ( its m\nta9 sprang into be+ 
! fairy =tress & palace ( ! ,alhambra4  
,its halls1 its c\rts1 its gall]ies1 its
 arabesques1 its fretwork1 its f\nta9s1 
ev5 9 _! ru91 tell u ( ! p[] ( ?is s+ul>
 p4  ,9 ,seville1 too1 ! ,alcaz> & !    
,giralda ev5 n[ be> beautiful witness to
 _! art1 _! skill1 _! indu/ry4  ,!re    
seems little "q n[ t ! ,moori% pott]s   
br\ght ) !m into ,spa9 ! arts :i* !     
,p]sian or ,arabian pott]s knew1 n only 
= ! prep>+ ! clays1 b t !y also _h !    
secret = mak+ ! /annif]\s enamel1 or    
glaze1 into :i* ! use ( t9 ent]s4 ,!y   
also appli$ to ! decoration ( _! w>es   
c]ta9 lu/res1 :i* ,demm9 says 7 produc$ 
by ! fumes ( bismu?1 ( antimony1 or (   
ars5ic4 ,x is n probable t gold 0 a     
compon5t "p ( ^! lu/res4  ,j :5 ! ,moors
 w5t to "w to make _! tiles & _! lu/r$  

di%es1 we d n "k4 ,b z ornam5tal        
tiles--azulejos--7 us$ to decorate _!   
walls1 we conclude t ! production began 
almo/ at once4 ,^! tiles 7 n only us$ 9 
b&s or /rips on ! walls2 !y 7 also us$ z
 pavem5ts1 & ! floors ( ! ,alhambra 7   
glitt]+ ) !m1 "s few ( :i* /ill rema9   
!re4  ,mr4 ,=d's description ( !m1 ?us  
quot$ by ,m>ryat1 says3 ,moori% v f9e1 &
 mo/ anci5t2 surface pla91 pa9t$ &      
enamel$ blue2 ! elaborate designs 9 gold
 lu/re4 ,! inscription on ! %ield is !  
well-kn[n motto ( ! ,mussulman f\nd]s ( 
! palace ( ,granada3 ',!re is no        
conqu]or b ,god4' ,! date ( its         
manufacture may be plac$ ab\t #acjj4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4--;,f !        
,alhambra4  ,our engrav+ ( "o ( ^! tiles
 7,fig4 #ei7 gives a good repres5tation 
( ! design1 b x _c1 ( c\rse1 express !  
color4 ,no "o c fail to see h[ f> away x
 is f ! commonplace & ! ord9>y geometric
 patt]ns into :i* ! dull man inv>iably  
falls2 no "o c fail to be /ruck ) !     
simple intricacy :i* int]e/s1 we _c tell

 :y4  ,ano!r rem>kable piece ( _! "w is 
,! ,vase ( ! ,alhambra 7,fig4 #fj71 "o (
 ! mo/ beautiful & mo/ int]e/+ vases    
any:]e kn[n4 ,?is is sometimes call$ ,la
 ,j>ra1 & is figur$ 9 ,ow5 ,jones's     
,alhambra1 :]e w be f\nd mu* m t is     
wor?y ( att5tion4 ,?is is suppos$ to h  
be5 made ab\t #acbj4 ,i take !          
description f ,m>ryat's "w3 ,x is (     
e>!n-w>e2 ! gr\nd :ite1 ! ornam5ts ei!r 
blue ( two %ades1 or ( t gold or copp]  
lu/re s (t5 f\nd 9 ,spani% & ,italian   
pott]y4 ,?is beautiful specim5 ( ,moori%
 workman%ip1 :i* is f\r feet ?ree in*es 
9 height1 0 discov]$1 ) ano!r simil> to 
x1 b5ea? ! pavem5t ( ! ,alhambra1 & is  
said to h be5 fill$ ) gold4 ,x 0 copi$ 9
 #ahdb1 at ! manufactory ( ,svres1 f    
draw+s made 9 ,spa9 by ,dauzats4 ,x has 
s9ce be5 copi$ by ,deck1 ( ,p>is4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4--,! ,vase ( ! 
,alhambra4  ,malaga 0 probably ! place  
:]e ! be/ ( ! ,moori% "w 0 made1 & !re !
 manufacture cont9u$ = c5turies4 ,at    
,val5cia fai5ces 7 aft]w>d l>gely       

produc$1 z !y are /ill4  ,! examples (  
,moori% di%es rema9+ are m>k$ by a      
peculi> lu/re1 :i* ,i h m5tion$1 :i* is 
ei!r a light] or a d>k] yell[1 &        
sometimes ( a deep copp]y color4        
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4                    
#fa4--;,hispano-,moresque ,plate4  ,a v 
f9e example ( ?is gold5 lu/r$ w>e is 9 !
 collection ( ,mr4 ,wales1 at ,bo/on1   
?r\gh ^: k9dness ,i am enabl$ to pres5t 
! accompany+ illu/ration 7,fig4 #fa74 ,x
 is n[1 ,i ?9k1 hung 9 ! loan collection
 ( ! ,museum ( ,arts at ,bo/on1 ) _m o!r
 ( 8 valuable & int]e/+ pieces4  ,t any 
pieces ( ?is "w %\ld yet be 9 exi/5ce   
may excite our surprise4  ,! /ruggle    
betwe5 ! ,*ri/ians & ! ,moslems = !     
possession ( ! gov]nm5t & ! religion (  
,spa9 w5t on ?r\gh ! c5turies4 ,yet     
?r\gh all ^! tr\bl$ c5turies ^! ,moors  
f\nd "t to build great cities1 & to     
create ^? beautiful examples ( _!       
peculi> ar*itecture :i* are s           
satisfactory ev5 9 ru94 ,!y also did m  
to enc\rage le>n+ & ! arts ?an any o!r  

nation ( ,europe2 s t _! s*ools & _!    
s*ol>s became r5[n$ ! _w ov]1 & 7 flock$
 to by ,*ri/ian /ud5ts4  ,9 due "t      
int]nal diss5sions weak5$ !m2 !n !y w5t 
to ru91 & at la/ 7 driv5 out ( ,spa9 by 
! comb9$ ,*ri/ians4 ,!n x 0 t !         
bitt]ness ( w> 0 int5sifi$ ) ! hatr$s ( 
religion2 & !n x 0 t a w> ( de/ruction 0
 wag$1 n only aga9/ ! p]sons ( ! vile   
,moslems1 b aga9/ all _! works2 s t no?+
 %\ld rema9 to tell ! /ory ( _! hat$    
supremacy & _! hat$ religion4 ,!n x 0 t 
! ,moori% pott]s ( ,malaga & ,val5cia 7 
slaught]$ or expell$1 & !n1 too1 _!     
h&iwork w5t ) !m into :olesale          
de/ruction4  ,9 ?is wreck & ru91 x is   
s+ul> t ! mosques1 ^? f9e/ monum5ts ( ! 
arts & ! indu/ry ( ! ,moors1 7 sp>$4    
,^! rema91 & a few examples ( _! pott]y1
 ( :i* we h /riv5 to give "s idea1 ?\gh 
fa9t4  ,"o ?+ seems to be admitt$ on all
 h&s1 viz43 t to ! ,moors ( ,spa9       
,europe owes ei!r ! inv5tion or !       
introduction ( silice\s or glass-glaz$  
w>es1 & t f t date beg9s all improvem5ts

 9 fictile "w2 t directly f x came !    
pott]ies ( ! ,bale>ic ,isl&s1 & t f     
,majorca came n only ! names into       
,italy1 b 9 all probability ! pott]s or 
_! secrets1 :i* result$ 9 ! production1 
9 ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 ( ! w>es
 n[ s fam\s "u ! "n ( ,majolica1 or1 z x
 is n[ spell$1 ,,maiolica1 ( :i* we %all
 h some?+ to say fur!r on4  ,,rhodian   
,,pott]y4--,pursu+ ?is subject ea/w>d1  
we f9d traces ( a lu/r$ pott]y on ! isl&
 ( ,sicily1 believ$ to be ! "w ( ,arabic
 pott]s4  ,/ill f>!r ea/w>d1 ^u ! isl& (
 ,rhodes1 h be5 f\nd _m plates & di%es1 
n[ class$ z ,rhodian1 sometimes z       
,p]sian1 & sometimes z ,damascus w>e4 ,!
 /yles ( ?is "w1 _! colors & _! designs1
 seem to gr\p !m toge!r1 & x is         
difficult to sep>ate !m 9 any consi/5t  
way4  ,! fir/ ,i saw ( ^! 7 hung on !   
walls ( ! h\se ( ,mr4 ,fr$]ick          
,leighton1 ! di/+ui%$ arti/ ( ,london4  
,:ile foll[+ 8 art on ! isl& ( ,rhodes1 
he _h he>d t "s pott]y ( ?is sort 0 n[ &
 !n to be f\nd on ! isl&2 ! pieces he   

saw 7 v bold & /rik+1 & tradition !re   
said t !y 7 ! "w ( ,p]sian pott]s1 :o1 z
 prison]s1 _h c5turies be=e be5 plac$ on
 ! isl&4 ,f9d+ clay to _! h&s1 !y w5t to
 "w at _! trade1 &1 ) little d\bt1      
practis$ x dilig5tly ?r\gh a long "t1 & 
h&$ x d[n to _! *ildr54  ,:atev] 0 !    
tru? ( ! tradition1 a se>* among ! poor 
p ( ! isl& une>!d _m pieces ( ! w>e1 :i*
 ,mr4 ,leighton br\ght ) him to ,london4
 ,?is 0 repeat$ on a second visit1 until
 n[ ?is private collection is probably  
"o ( ! be/ 9 ,engl&4  ,^u 8 second      
return1 ,mr4 ,leighton told me he f\nd 9
 ,london1 = sale1 plates & di%es ( !    
same "* & color+ :i* 7 said to h be5    
br\ght ar\nd f ,p]sia2 s t1 :atev] may h
 be5 ! orig9 ( ?is w>e1 :e!r ,rhodes1   
,p]sia1 or ,damascus1 ! product 0 almo/ 
! same4  ,mr4 ,=tnum1 9 8 ,h&-,book ^u  
,maiolica1 says3  ,! pa/e v>ies 9       
quality m ?an 9 k9d1 be+ ( a gray-:ite  
color & s&y consi/5ce1 analog\s to t ( !
 ,p]sian w>es4 ,! decoration is m       
g5]ally ri* 9 color1 ! gr\nd :ite1 blue1

 turquoise1 tobacco-color1 & lilac1     
sometimes cov]$ ) scale-"w1 ) panels (  
,ori5tal =m or leafage1 l>ge sprays (   
fl[]s1 p>ticul>ly roses1 tulips1        
hyac9?s1 c>nations1 etc41 ! colors us$  
be+ a ri* blue1 turquoise1 gre51 purple1
 yell[1 r$1 black4 ,! =ms are elegant3  
l>ge b[ls on rais$ feet2 flasks or      
bottles bulb-%ap$ ) elongat$ necks2     
pe>-%ap$ jugs ) cyl9drical necks &      
loop-h&le2 circul> di%es or plates )    
deep c5tres1 etc4 ,an int]e/+ example ( 
! highe/ quality ( ?is w>e is 9 !       
writ]'s possession1 & is describ$ &     
figur$ 9 color 9 vol4 xlii4 ( !         
',ar*ologia4' ,x is a hang+-lamp made = 
& obta9$ f ! ,mosque ( ,om> at          
,j]usalem1 sign$ & dat$ ,june1 #aedi4   
,two lead+ v>ieties are kn[n 9          
collections3 namely1 ,damascus prop]2   
kn[n by its ev5ness ( surface & ri*     
glaze ) subdu$ b h>moni\s color+1 c]ta9 
tones ( :i* are peculi> to ?is v>iety2 =
 example1 a dull lilac or purple1       
replac+ ! emboss$ r$ s conspicu\s on !  

,rhodian1 & us$ aga9/ blue1 :i* is ( two
 or ?ree %ades1 ! turquoise be+         
frequ5tly plac$ aga9/ ! d>k] tone2 a    
sage gre5 is also *>act]i/ic4 ,! di%es (
 ?is v>iety usually h ! out] edge %ap$ 9
 alt]nat+ ogee4  ,?is k9d is mu* m      
uncommon ?an ! o!r1 ,,rhodian or        
,,l9dus1 to :i* ! great] numb] ( pieces 
kn[n 9 collections z ',p]sian w>e'      
belong4 ,x is to ,mr4 ,salzmann t we owe
 ! discov]y ( ! rema9s ( anci5t furnaces
 at ,l9dus1 9 ! isl& ( ,rhodes1 f ! old 
palaces ( :i* he collect$ num]\s        
examples4 ,?is v>iety1 al?\gh extremely 
beautiful1 is g5]ally co>s] ?an ! =m]1 &
 ! decoration m m>k$ & brilliant4 ,a    
bright-r$ pigm5t1 s ?ickly laid on z to 
/& out 9 relief ^u ! surface ( ! piece1 
is v *>act]i/ic & 9 _m cases is a color 
( great beauty2 ! pr$om9ant decoration (
 ! plates consi/s ( two or ?ree sprays (
 roses1 p9ks1 hyac9?s1 & tulips1 &      
leaves1 sometimes ti$ toge!r at ! /em & 
spread+ ov] ! entire surface ( ! piece 9
 graceful l9es2 ! bord] frequ5tly (     

black & blue scroll-"w4 ,%ips1 birds1 & 
animals1 are also depict$2 & a          
%ield-(-arms occurs on "s pieces4  ,a   
few ( ^! /rik+ ,rhodian plates are to be
 se5 9 ,am]ica2 & ,i "h engrave "o      
7,fig4 #fb7 f ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,prime's     
collection1 :i* is an excell5t example4 
,x %[s a gr\p ( fl[]s />t+ f a po9t1 !  
c5tral /alk be+ t ( a purple hyac9?4    
,?is me?od ( gr\p+ 0 a favorite "o ) ^! 
pa9t]s4 ,^! plates v>y 9 price 9 ,europe
 f fifte5 to sev5ty-five doll>s ea*4  ,(
 ! ,,damascus pott]y little c be said1  
because little is kn[n4 ,f "t to "t     
plates & di%es are pur*as$ !re & br\ght 
to u1 :i* possess ! g5]al "* already    
describ$ z ,rhodian1 b are ?\ght to h a 
delicacy & f95ess n f\nd 9 t pott]y4 ,a 
v h&some example is 9 ,mr4 ,wales's     
collection1 :i* be>s a little gild+1 &  
:i*1 p]haps1 may be class$ z (          
,damascus4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4        
#fb4--,p]sian & ,rhodian ,pott]y4  ,(   
,,p]sian & ,,arabic pott]y x is         
impossible1 9 ! vagu5ess exi/+ ) respect

 to x1 to d m ?an make a few sugge/ions4
  ,we _c d bett] ?an to read :at ,mr4   
,=tnum has ga!r$ ) reg>d to ?is w>e3    
,we d n d]ive any in=mation f ,m4 de    
,ro**\>t on ! subject ( ! lu/r$ w>es1   
except 9 8 description ( ! tiles ( !    
,mosque ( ,nat9z ( ! twelf? c5tury2 nor 
d we le>n any?+ ( t v>iety ( creamy :ite
 pott]y hav+ ! sides pi]c$ ?r\gh ! pa/e1
 b fill$ ) ! transluc5t glaze1 & :i* is 
believ$ to be ! ,gombron w>e ( ,horace  
,walpole's day4 ,b he gives int]e/+     
in=mation on ! subject ( ! tiles us$ =  
decoration1 ( :i* ! f9e/ are ^? m5tion$ 
above2 ^? ( ,ispahan & ( ! p]iod ( ,%ah 
,abbas be+ also admirable = _! exquisite
 design4  ,! ,p]sian glaz$ pott]y kn[n  
to u may be divid$ into3  ,a4 ,w>es1    
g5]ally highly bak$1 & sometimes        
semi-transluc5t4 ,pa/e1 f9e & r ?91     
decorat$ ) ruby1 br[n1 & copp]y lu/re1  
on d>k-blue & creamy-:ite gr\nd4  ,b4   
,w>es1 ( f9e pa/e1 highly bak$1         
semi-transluc5t1 ( creamy color & ri*1  
cle> glaze1 runn+ into te>s b5ea? !     

piece ( a pale sea-gre5 t9t4 ,its       
*>act]i/ic decoration consi/+ ( holes   
pi]c$ ?r\gh ! pa/e1 & fill$ 9 ) !       
transp>5t glaze3 ! rais$ c5tres1 etc41  
are bord]$ ) a *ocolate br[n or blue    
leafage1 slightly us$4 ,?is is suppos$  
to be ! ,gombron w>e4  ,c4 ,w>es1       
frequ5tly ( f9e pa/e1 & highly bak$ to  
semi-transp>5cy3 ! gr\nd :ite2          
decoration ( plants & animals1 sometimes
 aft] ! ,*9ese1 9 bright cobalt blue1 ! 
outl9es frequ5tly drawn 9 manganese2 "s 
pieces ) reliefs & imitation ,*9ese m>ks
 also occur2 ?is v>iety is p]haps m     
rec5t ?an ! o!rs4  ,?is description may 
apply r to a sort ( semi or imp]fect    
porcela9 ( ,p]sian manufacture1 z to !  
reality ( :i* !re has be5 & is mu* d\bt1
 r ?an to ! peculi> class ( fai5ce ( :i*
 we h be5 writ+4  ,z to ! porcela9 or   
h>d fai5ce ( ,,p]sia1 "h & !re are to be
 met ) s+ul> examples1 :i*1 because ( a 
peculi> /yle ( pa9t+1 comb9$ ) a c]ta9  
co>s5ess or imp]fectness ( pa/e1 h      
usually be5 relegat$ to ! less dext]\s  

pott]s ( ,p]sia4 ,t pott]y has be5 made 
9 ,p]sia1 f> back 9 ! dimness ( ! ,d>k  
,ages1 !re seems to be no d\bt2 j :at x 
0 rema9s a d\bt2 because ev5 !n a sort (
 comm]ce1 probably by sea & l&1 exi/$ ) 
,*9a1 & !nce came porcela9s ( v>i\s     
qualities & _m designs4 ,we are apt to  
believe t1 until our day1 !re 7 few     
cakes & ale--little art1 or only co>se  
fabrics4 ,:]eas f9e & admirable "w ( _m 
sorts1 & especially 9 porcela9 & pott]y1
 _h rea*$ p]fection be=e our ,european  
or ,we/]n civilization began4 ,out (    
,*9a came porcela9 to ,p]sia2 out (     
,p]sia & ,pho5icia came pott]y to u4  ,(
 ! ,p]sian porcela91 or h>d pott]y1 a   
s+le example is to be se5 9 ,mr4 ,av]y's
 collection1 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ,art at   
,new ,york4 ,x 0 b\ght at ! ,vi5na      
,exhibition f ,pr9ce                    
,ehtezad-es-,salt5et1 uncle to ! ,%ah ( 
,p]sia1 & we may suppose x1 !re=e1 to h 
ab\t x ! true flavor ( g5u95ess4 ,x is a
 b[l ( r co>se w>e1 approa*+ to !       
h>dness1 if n ! transluc5cy1 ( porcela92

 x is pa9t$ ) blue ( a common color1 & )
 a n v int]e/+ design2 & is valuable z  
an example ( ! probable "w ( ,p]sian    
pott]s4  ,b !re exi/ _m pieces ( pott]y 
besides ^!1 :i* h usually be5 call$     
,p]sian because ( _! peculi>ities (     
design & ( color+4 ,"s ( ^! approa*     
closely to ! "w already designat$ z     
,rhodian or ,damasc5e4 ,9 ! upp] plate (
 ,fig4 #fb1 f ,mr4 ,prime's collection1 
is %[n "o ( ^!1 :i* ! own] is incl9$ to 
believe may be ,p]sian & n ,rhodian4 ,s 
also ! pa9t$ fai5ce egg 7,fig4 #fb71    
obta9$ by him f a lamp 9 a mosque ( !   
,holy ,l&4 ,! face & ! color+ d c]ta9ly 
impress "o ) a ,p]sian fai?1 ?\gh x may 
n be easy to expla9 ! reason :y4  ,9 my 
possession is a sweetmeat-pot cov]$ ) an
 engobe or slip1 ^u :i* are boldly pa9t$
 9 colors fl[]s & leaves2 ^! la/ are    
peculi> 9 %ape1 & are by "s believ$ to  
be ,p]sian "w--,i d\bt x1 b x is        
possible4  ,we h a few words to say ( ! 
,p]sian or ,arabic ,,tiles4 ,^! h be5   
f\nd inlaid ^u ! walls ( mosques &      

palaces & tombs 9 ,damascus1 9 ,cairo1 9
 ,ispahan4 ,z f> back z ! palmy days (  
,babylon & ,assyria1 ^! enamel$ or glaz$
 bricks or tiles 7 us$ to decorate !    
walls ( _! build+s2 & t is ab\t all we  
"k4 ,^! bricks rema92 =1 ( all ! works (
 man1 ! brick is seem+ly imp]i%able4  ,x
 is also c]ta9 t ^u "s ( ^! bricks or   
tiles is f\nd a glaze or enamel made ) !
 use ( t92 s t :at is n[ call$ /annif]\s
 enamel 0 kn[n at t e>ly day1 & long    
be=e x 0 us$ 9 ,italy by ,luca della    
,robbia1 :o at "o "t 0 suppos$ to h     
inv5t$ x4  ,! example "h giv5 7,fig4    
#fc7 is a v beautiful plaque1 made up ( 
_m pieces1 & is rem>kable = ! spl5dor ( 
its color1 r ?an = any p]fectness (     
design4 ,x is int]e/+1 h[ev]1 z %[+ !   
dresses ( ! cavali]s ( ! ,p]sian c\rt4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--,p]sian      
,plaque4  ,9 ! walls ( ,damascus1 (     
,j]usalem1 & ( ,cairo1 ^! tiles 7 imb$d$
 = ornam5tal & decorative purposes1 & f 
!m !y h be5 ga!r$ by ^? good p call$    
collectors4 ,9 ,fig4 #fb is an engrav+ (

 "o 9 ,mr4 ,prime's collection1 :i*     
gives simply ! l9es1 b :olly fails to   
give ! magic & my/]y ( color :i* endues 
x ) beauty4 ,?is _c be describ$1 nor c x
 be pictur$2 ! comb9ations ( blues are  
too subtile = ! palette ( ! pa9t]2 !y h 
be5 sublimat$ 9 ! fi]y heats ( !        
furnace4  ,a few ( ^! tiles are 9       
possession ( ,mr4 ,prime & ( ,mr4       
,wales2 & a v f9e collection is n[ 9 !  
h\se ( ,mr4 ,leighton1 ( ,london1 ( :i* 
,i h spok54 ,he has _h !m imb$d$ 9 !    
walls ( 8 halls1 :i* !y t+e ) _! peculi>
 & p5sive light4     ,,*apt] ,,vi4      
,,glaz$ ,,pott]y4--,,italian            
,,maiolicas4       ,! ,^w ,maiolica1 or 
,majolica4--,italian ,r5aissance4--,!   
,d>k      ,ages4--,! ,crusades4--,!     
,mezza-,maiolica4--,! ,true             
,maiolica4--,luca      della            
,robbia4--,urb9o4--,xanto &             
,fontana4--,raffaelesque ,w>e4--,mr4    
,=tnum4--,prices                        
to-day4--,gubbio4--,mae/ro ,giorgio4--,!
                                        

,lu/res4--,ca/el-,durante4--,fa5za4--,! 
,sgraffito4--,=li1 ,v5ice1              
,ca/elli1 etc4--,ca/ellani4--,maiolicas 
at ! ,c5t5nial4   ,! t]m ,,maiolica1 or 
,majolica1 z has be5 (t5 expla9$1 came f
 ! isl& ( ,majorca1 :5ce came to ,italy1
 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 "s ( ^? peculi>     
pott]ies already describ$ "u ! "n (     
,hispano-,moresque4  ,! ,bale>ic ,isl&s1
 ly+ 9 su* conv5i5t proximity to !      
ma9l&1 7 !n possess$ by ! active &      
ent]pris+ ,moors--t mo/ d>+ & do+ race1 
:o _h plant$ ! /&>d ( ! ,prophet 9      
,s\!rn ,europe4 ,f ^! conv5i5t isl&s !y 
c\ld organize pleasant surprises ^u !   
coa/s ( ,italy1 & gratify !mselves ) mu*
 plund]4 ,:ile human nature c be> & does
 be> mu* m>aud+1 !re comes a "t :5      
endurance ceases to be a virtue1 &      
!n--w> ensues4 ,su* a "t _h come 9 !    
twelf? c5tury1 :5 ! ,pisans1 & _! fri5ds
 along ! ,italian coa/s1 det]m9$ to     
plund]1 r ?an be plund]$2 & !n !y p\nc$ 
^u ! hat$ ,moors ( ! isl&s1 & turn$ !   
tables ^u !m4 ,x is believ$ t1 among !  

spoils c>ri$ away to ,italy1 7 _m pieces
 ( ! peculi> w>es made by ! ,moors 9 ^! 
isl&s z well z 9 ,spa94 ,t ^! examples1 
& "s ( ! pott]s !mselves1 7 c>ri$ away  
to ! ,italian coa/1 is mo/ likely2 & t !
 ,italians1 always a p ) quick          
s5sibilities1 & a ready p]ception ( !   
beautiful1 if n ( ! good or ! true1 at  
once saw t "h 0 a manufacture ready to  
_! h&s1 :i* comb9$ use & beauty1 z _!   
own did n4 ,at any rate1 x 0 dur+ ! mo/ 
vivid p]iod ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance    
7#acej to #afjj7 t ! production ( !     
highly-decorat$ fictile "w1 kn[n z      
,maiolica1 sprang up1 culm9at$1 & w5t to
 decay4  ,?r\gh ! c5turies call$ ! ,d>k 
,ages1 art & lit]ature _h n di$2 _!     
fires 7 kept bright 9 ! monki% cell1 :]e
 "s ,alcu91 9 ,engl& or 9 ,france1 trac$
 ) pa9ful p5 ! lives ( ! sa9ts1 or !    
romaunts ( ! ,lady2 & t\*$ _! illum9at$ 
m>g9s ) ^? exquisite colors :i* fe$ !   
eye ) a pleasant surprise n[1 :5        
c5turies h pass$1 & books lie ab\t our  
feet z ?ick z leaves 9 ,vallambrosa's   

vales4 ,dur+ ?is d>k "t art & lit]ature 
fl\ri%$ among ! ,s>ac5s along ! ,african
 coa/1 & grew into spl5dor 9 ! halls (  
,cordova & ,seville4  ,b a day 0 at h&  
:5 ,pet] ! ,h]mit made 8 pilgrimage to !
 ,holy ,city 7#ajic71 & came back to    
prea* 8 fi]y crusades aga9/ !           
abom9ations ) :i* ! ,moslems defil$ !   
sepul*re ( ! ,"l4 ,!n ?r\gh "s two      
c5turies ,europe 0 conv]t$ into religi\s
 camps1 f :i* /ream$ out t[>d ,j]usalem 
! armies ( ! ,cross--! ,crusad]s--& t   
,ori5tal _w 0 ?us m+l$ 9 a great w>like 
confusion ) ! ,occid5tal _w ( ,europe4  
,h[ does all ?is t\* ^u ! small matt] ( 
,italian maiolicas1 ( :i* ,i treat8     
,?us3 ^! religi\s w>s made ,v5ice1      
,leghorn1 & ,g5oa1 into great c5tres (  
comm]cial activity1 & into !m fl[$      
weal?1 z well z e k9d ( m]*&ise &       
manufacture kn[n 9 ! ,ea/4 ,! p ( ^!    
small k+doms grew ri*1 & va/ly s4 ,!    
,d&olos1 ! ,dorias1 ! ,m$icis1 f\nd$    
pr9cely families1 & became patrons (    
le>n+ & art4 ,!n1 too1 ! ,*ur* grew     

great1 all-p[]ful1 & ri*2 = ! f]vor (   
piety1 :i* fir$ all he>ts1 s\ght        
expression n only 9 %$d+ its blood to   
rescue ! holy places1 x p\r$ 9 ( its    
e>n+s or plund]+s riv]s ( weal? to enri*
 ! c(f]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! popes1 ! c>d9als1
 ! bi%ops1 grew great1 n s mu* 9        
religi\s tru?1 b m 9 l&s1 9 ca/les1 9   
gold1 & 9 goods4 ,?us e prelate & e     
patri>* became a pr9ce1 ) gold to give1 
& favors to be/[4 ,!n !y became1 all    
?r\gh ,italy1 patrons ( art & fo/]]s (  
le>n+4  ,we see 9 ?is ! spr+ out ( :i*  
fl[$ ! ,r5aissance ( lit]ature & ! arts1
 & :i* result$ 9 ! ar*itecture1 ! pa9t+1
 ! poetry1 ! maiolicas1 & ! luxury1 ( t 
new ,italian life4  ,! t]m maiolica1 9  
its g5]ic s5se1 means :at delft does 9  
,holl&1 fai5ce 9 ,france1 & e>!n-w>e 9  
,engl&4 ,all are s(t pott]y1 cov]$ ) an 
opaque glaze call$ enamel4 ,! t]m 0 once
 appli$ only to ! lu/r$ w>es ( ,spa9 &  
,italy2 b n[ x has come to mean su*     
di%es--ew]s1 vases1 etc41 etc4--z 7 made
 9 ,italy dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance1 

:i* h an expression ( art1 & c be t]m$  
decorative2 p]haps x goes /ill fur!r1 = 
! druggi/s' pots 7,fig4 #fd71 !n mu* 9  
use1 & :i* may p]haps be class$ :olly ) 
! useful1 are n exclud$2 = ^u "s ( ^!   
mu* decoration 0 put4 ,! ^w also c>ries 
a subdivision call$ mezza-maiolica4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4--;,druggi/'s  
,pot4  ,,mezza-,,maiolica4--,we _c      
attempt to give a hi/ory ( all !        
pott]ies :i* sprang into be+ 9 ,italy   
dur+ ?is "t2 x w\ld be bo? difficult &  
useless4 ,( c\rse1 we "k t _m exi/$1 &  
mu/ h exi/$ ev5 f ! days ( ! ,roman     
dom9ion4 ,b1 "u ! influ5ces m5tion$1 !y 
took on a new life4 ,n only _h /rik+    
examples come to ! ,italians f ! ,moors 
( ,majorca1 b beyond "q _m o!rs _h rea*$
 !m f "t to "t f ! ,ea/4 ,common &      
unglaz$ pott]ies gave place to ! bett]  
sorts2 & a va/ /ride 0 tak5 :5 ! vessel 
came to be protect$ by a glaze made ) ! 
use fir/ ( lead 7plumbif]\s71 & !n ( t9 
7/annif]\s74  ,! ,italian writ]s ass]t t
 ! use ( lead--! plumbif]\s glaze--0    

appli$ 9 ,urb9o z e>ly z #acjj4 ,:y ne$ 
we d\bt x8 ,at ,pes>o x rea*$ its       
p]fection ab\t #aedj4 ,! common e>!n or 
r$ w>e ( ! c\ntry 0 dipp$ into a slip or
 engobe ( :ite clay2 !n x 0 dri$ or     
bak$2 !n pa9t$1 & aft]w>d cov]$ ) a ?9  
sk9 ( lead-glaze1 :i* 0 fix$ ) ! fire4  
,! colors us$ 9 decorat+ ^! pieces 7    
few1 be+ mo/ly yell[s1 gre5s1 blues1 &  
black4 ,?is lead-glaze 0 s(t1 b x _h a  
sort ( metallic1 iridesc5t lu/re1 :i* is
 "o ( its peculi>ities & beauties4 ,x is
 almo/ useless to attempt ) ! engrav+ to
 express fully ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is w>e2 
! colors we _c give4 ,"o piece 7,fig4   
#fe7 w s]ve to %[ ! k9d ( design (t5    
us$1 :i* be>s unque/ion$ te/imony to its
 ,moori% p>5tage4  ,?is f9] "w seems to 
h be5 made ab\t #aejj to #aeej1 & at    
,pes>o4  ,! ,,true ,,maiolica is t :i*  
is cov]$ ) a glaze made ) ! oxide ( t9 &
 silice\s s&4 ,?is /annif]\s glaze or   
enamel takes ! place ( ! slip or engobe1
 & cov]s ! pott]'s clay ) a cle> :ite   
enamel1 ^u :i* ! colors c be laid4  ,!  

avidity ) :i* ! new art 0 seiz$ ^u 9    
,italy by dukes & prie/s1 by workm5 &   
arti/s1 we c h>dly compreh5d4 ,x w\ld   
seem t ! :ole ,italian _w !n ru%$ into e
 =m ( art & lit]ature ) an eag]ness only
 to be expla9$ by a desire to make good 
! ,lo/ ,ages--(t5 call$ ! ,d>k ,ages4   
,furnaces & pott]s sprang out ( ! gr\nd1
 & almo/ e good t[n soon] or lat] _h its
 botega4 ,( ^! we may m5tion z among !  
mo/ not$3 ,urb9o1 ,gubbio1 ,pes>o1      
,ca/el-,durante1 ,fa5za1 ,=li1          
,caffagiolo1 ,si5a1 ,d]uta1 ,v5ice1     
,ca/elli1 besides _m o!rs4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4                    
#fe4--,mezza-,maiolica4  ,be=e giv+ "s  
p>ticul>s ( ^! manufactures1 x may be   
well to ref] to a "n :i* seems to take  
prec$5ce ( o!rs among ! arti/s 9 c]amic 
"w 9 ,italy4 ,?is man 0 ,,luca ,,della  
,,robbia1 born 9 ! ye> #adjj4 ,m4 ,ritt]
 says ( him3 ,he 0 a sculptor fir/1 & a 
pott] aft]w>d4 ,an arti/ ( ! highe/ p[]1
 he 0 inspir$ ) all ! m>vel\s /hetic =ce
 & subtilty & f]tility ( 8 age & ( 8    

c\ntry4 ,he 0 n satisfi$1 z o!r         
sculptors are1 ) =m-beauty alone1 b ca/ 
ab\t to add to 8 m\ld$ figures ! fur!r  
beauties ( color+ & surface-texture4 ,he
 no d\bt well knew ! w>es ( ! ,moors (  
,spa91 & probably 0 acqua9t$ ) ! secret 
( ! t9-glaze already us$ by ! ,italian  
pott]s4 ,x is ne$less to assume1 z mo/  
writ]s d1 t he discov]$ t9-glazes =     
himself2 b he at any rate adopt$ !      
process1 & he has left u bass-reliefs & 
ev5 life-siz$ /atues cov]$ ) a f9e      
/annif]\s poly*rome-glaze1 :i* are among
 ! wond]s ( ,italian ,r5aissance art1 & 
:i* to ?is day are1 9 _! way1 unsurpass$
 triumphs ( skill4  ,! portrait 7,fig4  
#ff7 :i* we give %[s him to be among !  
/rong & able m51 :o might n only /& be=e
 k+s1 b might be a k+ himself4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4--,portrait (  
,luca della ,robbia4  ,!re are b few    
pieces ( 8 "w 9 ?is c\ntry--s f> z ,i   
"k1 only ^!3 "o a ,virg9 & ,*ild1 9     
possession ( ,mr4 ,prime1 ( ,new ,york2 
! o!r n[ 9 ! loan collection ( !        

,art-,museum at ,new ,york1 ! prop]ty ( 
,mrs4 ,rob]t ,m4 ,gr9nell4 ,x is ?us    
describ$3 ,! *ild ,jesus lies on a mass 
( gre5 grass4 ,:ite lilies ) yell[ /am5s
 spr+ up beh9d him4 ,! ,virg9 kneels2   
above h] two w+$ *]ub heads1 & two arms 
/ret*$ d[n hold a cr[n ov] h] head4 ,on 
! cr[n1 yell[ & blue spots4 ,f !        
description1 ! read] w n be likely to   
rank ?is among works ( ! f9e/ art4 ,^!  
works 7 produc$ to meet ! religi\s wants
 ( ! "t & p1 & 7 9 great dem&4 ,b       
to-day1 = o!r ?an religi\s reasons1 !y  
sell = tw5ty times ! prices !y !n did4  
,9 ,fig4 #fg is to be se5 a retable1 n[ 
9 ! ,museum ( ! ,l\vre1 :i* is probably 
among ! be/ examples ( 8 /yle ( "w4 ,^! 
bass-reliefs 7 at fir/ done ) :ite      
figures on a blue gr\nd2 subsequ5tly o!r
 colors 7 introduc$1 su* z gre5s1 br[ns1
 & yell[s4 ,8 f\r sons & a nephew c>ri$ 
on ! same /yles ( "w1 b fail$ to improve
 ^u _! ma/]4  ,f ! two or ?ree pieces ( 
! "w :i* ,i h se51 ,i c\ld value !m z   
examples 9 ! hi/ory ( c]amics2 z works (

 art1 = myself n at all4  ,italian      
writ]s naturally wi% to claim = ,luca   
della ,robbia all possible m]it1 &      
p>ticul>ly t he discov]$ & fir/ appli$ 9
 ,europe 7outside ( ,spa97 ! enamel made
 f t92 ?us rais+ him to a high rank z a 
discov]] & orig9ator1 z well z an arti/4
 ,mu* discussion & speculation has be5  
indulg$ 91 :i* is1 h[ev]1 ( b little    
int]e/ to u1 & probably less to ,della  
,robbia himself4 ,:at he did d1 & = :i* 
he des]v$ praise1 01 t he seems to h    
work$ at ! new bus9ess he _h tak5 up )  
hone/y & p]si/5cy2 t he 0 pati5t &      
pa9/ak+4 ,^! are always good4 ,he 0     
m]*ant en\gh to make :at !n w\ld sell2 t
 is1 works = ! ornam5tation ( *ur*es &  
alt>s1 "o ( :i* we h illu/rat$4  ,he 0  
successful1 & t 0 a satisfaction to him 
z x is to u4  ,he made1 besides         
alt>-pieces1 rondels & squ>es to be set 
into walls1 ^u :i* 7 masks1 scrolls1    
fruit1 fl[]s1 buds1 etc41 etc42 & ^! 7  
sometimes :ite1 & sometimes enamel$ )   
v>i\s colors4  ,8 nephew ,&rea foll[$ 8 

lead1 b did n improve ^u 8 ma/]2 & 8 f\r
 sons1 ,giovanni1 ,luca1 ,ambrosio1 &   
,girolamo1 cont9u$ to make ! same       
description ( reliefs1 b greatly inf]ior
 to ^? ( ! fir/ ,della ,robbia4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4                    
#fg4--;,alt>-,piece1 by ,luca della     
,robbia1 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,l\vre4        
,,urb9o4--,! ,dukes ( ,urb9o 7 =emo/ 9  
enc\rag+ & develop+ ! maiolica "w (     
,italy2 & ar\nd !m1 z a sort ( c5tre1 ! 
c]amic art seems to h ga!r$4  ,i give f 
,mr4 ,=tnum's book a brief acc\nt1 :i*  
may int]e/ _m4 ,hav+ _h :atev] good c\ld
 be d]iv$ f ! great & valuable          
collections ( ! ,k5s+ton ,museum1 & be+ 
a man ( ke5 p]ceptions & s\nd judgm5t1  
:atev] he writes des]ves respect4 ,he   
says3  ,9 #addc :at _h be5 b an         
unimportant m\nta9 fief 0 erect$ into a 
du*y1 & ! h\se ( ,montefeltro rul$ a    
fair t]ritory 9 ! p]son ( ! infam\s     
,oddantonio1 ! fir/ ,duke ( ,urb9o4 ,on 
8 viol5t dea? 9 #addd1 ,f$]igo1 8       
illegitimate bro!r1 succe$$ to ! duk$om4

 ,( enlight5$ m9d1 z well z ( m>tial    
capacity1 he develop$ ! native          
capabilities ( ! c\ntry1 & ga!r$ ab\t   
him at ! c\rt ( ,urb9o ! sci5ce & le>n+ 
( ! p]iod4 ,he built a noble ca/ellat$  
palace at ,urb9o1 = ! embelli%m5t ( :i* 
he invit$ ! lead+ arti/s ( ! day4 ,a    
patron ( all art1 & a great collector1  
he enc\rag$ ! manufacture ( ! maiolica  
w>es :i* fl\ri%$ "u 8 reign4 ,on 8 dea?1
 9 #adhb1 8 son ,guidobaldo ,i4 cont9u$ 
8 fa!r's patronage to ! c]amic arti/s ( 
! du*y1 al?\gh mu* occupi$ 9 ! ,italian 
w>s consequ5t on ! ,fr5* invasion by    
,*>les ,,viii4 ,pass]i /ates t f9e      
maiolica 7by :i* he means t cov]$ ) !   
t9-enamel7 0 introduc$ into ,pes>o 9    
#aejj2 & !re is "s reason to believe t !
 new process came f ,tuscany4 ,x diff]$ 
mat]ially 9 composition & manufacture f 
! 'mezza-maiolica' w>es1 to :i* x 0 v   
sup]ior1 & 0 kn[n z 'porcellana1' a "n  
appli$ at t p]iod 9 ,italy to ! *oic]   
description ( enamel$ e>!n-w>e4 ,pass]i 
also /ates t 9 ! inv5tory ( ! ducal     

palaces a l>ge quantity ( pa9t$         
'maiolica' vases 7 includ$ "u ?is "n4 ,!
 sup]ior :it5ess ( ! enamel1 m ne>ly    
approa*+ to t ( ,ori5tal porcela91 0    
probably ! reason = its adoption2 b we  
mu/ n conf\nd ! t]m z us$ 9 ?is s5se )  
its te*nical mean+ 9 ref]5ce to a       
decorative design kn[n z 'a porcellana4'
  ,^! fam\s manufactories ( maiolica at 
,urb9o1 ,gubbio1 ,pes>o1 &              
,ca/el-,durante1 sprang into life ab\t !
 end ( ! fifte5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? 
c5turies4 ,t ( ,urb9o p]haps took !     
lead1 be+ s directly "u ! patronage ( ! 
dukes4  ,! two mo/ di/+ui%$ arti/s "h 7 
,francisco ,xanto ,avelli da ,rovigo &  
,orazio ,fontana2 !y are commonly spok5 
( z ,xanto & ,fontana4 ,besides ^! 7    
,batti/a ,franco & ,raffaelle del       
,calle1 among ! be/ pa9t]s ^u maiolica4 
,dur+ ! "t ( ^! arti/s _m elaborate     
pictures 7 pa9t$ by !m ^u ! vases &     
plates ( ,urb9o4 ,foll[+ !              
mezza-maiolica1 ! "w at fir/ %[$ mu* ( !
 ,ori5tal "* ( design1 & ! lu/r$        

surfaces 7 cont9u$4 ,b soon ambition    
seiz$ !m1 & !y transf]r$ to ! surface ( 
! clay elaborate scriptural1 hi/orical1 
& allegorical subjects4 ,orig9al designs
 7 made to "s ext5t2 b to a l>g] ext5t !
 great pictures ( ! great ma/]s 7 seiz$ 
^u--su* z ,raffaelle's ,triumph (       
,galatea1 & o!r works ( ! same sort4 ,! 
engrav+s ( ,m>c ,antonio & ( ,alb]t     
,dr]1 !n j at h&1 gave easy aid2 & ) su*
 helps1 ) a ri* & art-lov+ public to    
enc\rage !m1 we c see h[ ! production   
%\ld fl\ri%4 ,! vase 7,fig4 #fh7 is a   
good example ( "o ( _! be/ works4  ,^!  
f9e pieces 7 us$ z pres5ts by gr&ees to 
gr&ees1 & by pr9ces to pr9ces4 ,pieces &
 sets 7 pa9t$ expressly z gifts = lov]s1
 = esp\s$ p]sons1 = safe deliv]ies2 z   
m>ks ( favor1 & z p]suasives = favors to
 come4 ,!n grew up a l>ge production (  
plates pa9t$ expressly = lov]s1 ^u :i* !
 portrait ( ! lady 0 pa9t$2 9 _m cases1 
,i am sure1 ) unnecess>y ugl9ess1 b ) a 
suffici5tly lovely motto to atone 9 "s  
degree = ! injury1 no d\bt unwitt+ly    

done--su* z diva or p>agon di tutti4 ,^!
 are kn[n z amatorii1 & are mu* priz$4  
,9 ,fig4 #fi we give "o ( ^! amatorii1 &
 "o ( ! mo/ pleas+2 "s are ( supreme    
ugl9ess4 ,?is "o is d$icat$ to ,vanna   
,bella--! beautiful ,vanna2 & 9 its "t 0
 m beautiful ?an n[1 = x 0 ! inspiration
 ( love4  ,among ! fancies indulg$ 9 ^u 
! amatorii plates & jugs are m5tion$ su*
 z ^!3  ,on "o1 we h two h&s clasp$ ov] 
a fire2 & above1 a gold5 he>t pi]c$ by  
two d>ts4  ,on ano!r1 a he>t transfix$ )
 a sword & an arr[ ov] a burn+ flame1   
b$ew$ ) te>s fall+ f two eyes plac$     
above4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4            
#fh4--,maiolica ,vase1 ,david &         
,ba?-%eba4  ,on a sauc] is a y\? kiss+ a
 lady1 & giv+ h] a fl[]--,dulce e/ am>e4
  ,on ano!r is a greyh\nd ) a he>t 9 its
 m\?--,p] m5to di mia f 9 te1 etc4  ,all
 ( ^! are suffici5tly y\?ful & s5tim5tal
 to meet ! wants ( ! val5t9e-mak]s (    
to-day4  ,b ! subjects ( pa9t+s 7 n all 
ei!r div9e or hi/orical or amatory4 ,_m 
subjects pa9t$ f ! old my?ology _h a too

 palpable quality :i* we m fa/idi\s p   
might call co>se1 if n r\ghly vulg>2 &  
su* subjects d n height5 ! pleasure we  
expect to f9d 9 exam9+ ^! works4  ,!    
,raffaelle w>e1 z x is sometimes call$ 9
 ,engl&1 _h a quality ( design :i* is   
peculi>1 & !re=e an example ( x may be (
 s]vice "h 7,fig4 #gj74 ,! comb9ation ( 
scrolls1 masks1 ,cupids1 fl[]s1 buds1   
etc41 :i* m>ks ?is /yle ( "w1 is f\nd m 
or less to p]vade mu* ( ! ornam5tation (
 :at is kn[n z ,italian ,r5aissance4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4--;,example (  
,amatorii4  ,x has sometimes be5 said t 
,raffaelle himself pa9t$ ^u ! maiolica1 
b x is n prov$2 & ! f9e/ pieces 7 n made
 until aft] 8 dea?4  ,x is true t _m ( 8
 pictures 7 copi$ or adapt$ by !        
maiolica-pa9t]s = _! own uses2 & x is   
also ass]t$ t "s ( 8 pupils pa9t$ ^u !  
clay4 ,m>ryat /ates t ! engrav] ,m>c    
,antonio--good pr9ts ( ^: works n[ sell 
to collectors = enorm\s prices1         
beautiful specim5s ( :i* h be5 %[n 9 !  
fam\s collection ( ,mr4 ,rose1 (        

,london--0 9 ! height ( 8 p[]s :5 !     
brilliant "y pa9t] ,raffaelle 0 9 ! full
 comm& ( 82 & t ! engrav] liv$ 9 ! h\se 
( ! pa9t]1 work$ ) him "u 8 own eye1 & 0
 influ5c$ by 8 inspirations4 ,we _c     
wond]1 !re=e1 t ! f9e/ results 7 ?us    
produc$4 ,b x is n to be believ$ t ei!r 
( !m work$ ^u ! clay4 ,copies ( _!      
pictures 7 pa9t$ ^u ! maiolica by o!r   
h&s1 & va/ly inf]ior ones to !irs4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4--,raffaelle   
,w>e4  ,:at is kn[n z ,raffaelle1 or    
,raffaellesque maiolica1 are n ^? pieces
 :i* c>ry copies ( ,raffaelle's         
pictures1 b ^?1 l ! example se5 9 ,fig4 
#gj1 :i* are ornam5t$ ) arabesques1     
*im]as1 scrolls1 etc4  ,( ! pa9t+ (     
,xanto1 a compet5t critic1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 
,rob9son1 ?us writes3  ,xanto's works   
may be consid]$ to repres5t p]fectly !  
',majoli*e i/oriate1' & he c]ta9ly _h a 
tal5t = ! arrangem5t ( 8 works 9        
composition1 ne>ly all 8 subjects be+   
'pa/icci2' ! v>i\s figures or gr\ps     
introduc$ be+ ! inv5tion ( o!r arti/s   

copi$ ) adroit v>iations ov] & ov] aga91
 & made to d duty 9 ! mo/ widely diff]5t
 *>act]s4 ,z an orig9al arti/--if1      
inde$1 he c be s consid]$--he may be    
class$ ) ! m mann]$ ( ! s*ol>s (        
,raffaelle4 ,8 designs are g5]ally f    
classical or my?ological subjects4      
,xanto's execution1 al?\gh dext]\s1 is  
monoton\s & me*anical2 8 scale ( color+ 
is crude & positive1 full ( viol5t      
oppositions1 ! only m]it1 if m]it x be1 
be+ t ( a c]ta9 =ce & brightness (      
aspect2 9 e o!r respect 8 color+ is     
commonplace1 n to say disagreeable ev52 
blue1 crude opaque yell[1 & orange t9ts1
 & bright v]digris gre51 are ! dom9ant  
hues1 & are scatt]$ ov] ! pieces 9 full1
 unbrok5 masses1 ! yell[ especially     
meet+ ! eye at ! fir/ glance4 ,9 !      
unsign$ pieces1 be=e #aeca1 ! glaze is  
bett] & m transp>5t1 ! execution m      
delicate1 & ! outl9e m h>d & black1 ?an 
9 ! lat] specim5s4 ,"s ( ,xanto's w>es  
are pr(usely enri*$ ) metallic lu/res1  
includ+ ! beautiful ruby t9t2 ^!        

specim5s1 h[ev]1 =m b a small1 p]c5tage 
( ! entire numb] ( 8 works extant4 ,?is 
class ( piece is1 moreov]1 int]e/+ f !  
fact t ! iridesc5t colors 7 obvi\sly n (
 ,xanto's own production1 b t1 on !     
contr>y1 !y 7 appli$ to 8 w>es by ,mo4  
,giorgio1 & ! suppos$ cont9u]s (        
,giorgio's 'fabrique' 9 ,gubbio4 ,_m    
pieces are extant :i*1 9 addition to    
,xanto's own signature1 ne>ly always    
writt5 9 d>k-blue or olive t9t1 are     
likewise sign$ ) ! monogram ',n' ( !    
,giorgio s*ool 9 ! lu/re-t9t2 & "o      
specim51 at lea/1 has be5 obs]v$ :i*1   
?\gh pa9t$ by ,xanto1 has be5 sign$ 9 ! 
lu/re-t9t by ,mae/ro ,giorgio himself4  
,at ?is "t !re came to ,urb9o "s arti/s 
:o took ! "n ( ,fontana1 ^: works h a   
great fame--:5 kn[n2 _! "n orig9ally is 
believ$ to h be5 ,pellip>io4 ,^! bro!rs 
appe> to h f\nd$ a factory or botega (  
_! own at ,urb9o1 :]e !y did mu* "w :i* 
rea*$ a high reputation4 ,b little ( x1 
h[ev]1 is surely kn[n2 = ^! pa9t]s1 l   
mo/ ( ! maiolica-pa9t]s1 b r>ely sign$  

_! pieces4  ,) reg>d to ! ,fontana      
family1 *iefs among ,italian c]amic     
arti/s1 we quote f ! notice by ,mr4     
,rob9son app5d$ to ! ,s\lages catalogue4
 ,he tells u t '! celebrity ( "o memb] (
 ?is family has be5 long e/abli%$ by    
common cons5t4 ,orazio ,fontana has     
always occupi$ ! highe/ place 9 ! scanty
 li/ ( maiolica arti/s1 al?\gh at ! same
 "t no?+ 0 def9itely kn[n ( 8 works4    
,unlike _! contempor>y ,xanto1 !        
,fontana seem b r>ely to h sign$ _!     
productions1 & consequ5tly _! reputation
 z yet re/s almo/ entirely on tradition1
 on incid5tal notices 9 writ+s :i* date 
back to ! age 9 :i* !y fl\ri%$1 & on    
facts extract$ at a rec5t p]iod f local 
records4 ,no connect$ acc\nt ( ?is      
family has z yet be5 attempt$1 al?\gh ! 
mat]ials are some:at less scanty ?an    
usual4 ,!re c be no d\bt t a consid]able
 proportion ( ! products ( ! ,fontana   
boteghe is /ill extant1 & t future      
obs]vations w ?r[ light on mu* t is n[  
obscure 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is notable race ( 

indu/rial arti/s4 ,orazio ,fontana1 ^:  
r5[n seems to h completely eclips$ t ( !
 o!r memb]s ( 8 family1 &1 9 fact1 ( all
 ! o!r ,urb9ese arti/s1 is fir/ m5tion$ 
by ,baldi1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5?     
c5tury1 9 8 eulogy ( ! /ate ( ,urb9o    
pron\nc$ be=e ,duke ,francesco ,m>ia    
,,ii4444 ,f docum5ts cit$ by ,raffaelli1
 x is e/abli%$ beyond d\bt t ! orig9al  
family "n 0 ,pellip>io1 (               
,ca/el-,durante1 ,fontana be+ an adopt$ 
surname2 & x is n immat]ial to obs]ve t 
d[n to ! late/ m5tion ( any "o ( !      
family 79 #afje7 !y are inv>iably       
describ$ z ( ,ca/el-,durante4444 ,!     
,fontana 7 und\bt$ly manufactur]s z well
 z arti/s1 i4e41 !y 7 ! proprietors (   
vas]ie4 ,( ! fir/ ,nicola1 z we h only a
 brief incid5tal notice1 no?+ positive c
 be affirm$2 b ) respect to 8 son ,guido
 we h ! te/imony bo? ( works /ill extant
 & ( contempor>y docum5ts4 ,we "k1 also1
 t ,guido's son ,orazio also _h a       
manufactory ( 8 own1 & ! fact is        
e/abli%$ t betwe5 #aefe & #aega !re 7   

two di/9ct ,fontana manufactories--^? ( 
fa!r & son4 ,:at became ( ,orazio's     
e/abli%m5t aft] 8 dea?1 :e!r cont9u$ by 
8 bro!r ,camillo or reunit$ to t ( !    
fa!r1 !re is no evid5ce to %[4 ,)       
respect to ! rema9+ memb]s ( ! family1  
our in=mation is ( ! scantie/ k9d4      
,camillo1 :o 0 inf]ior 9 reputation z a 
pa9t] only to 8 eld] bro!r1 appe>s to h 
be5 invit$ to ,f]r>a by ,duke ,alfonso  
,,ii41 & to h introduc$ !               
maiolica-manufacture into t city4 ,(    
,nicola1 ! ?ird 787 son1 we h only      
incid5tal m5tion 9 a legal docum5t1 %[+ 
t he 0 alive 9 ! ye> #aegj4 ,guido1 son 
( ,camillo1 liv$ till #afje2 & (        
,flam9io1 :o may ei!r h be5 son (       
,camillo or ( ,nicola1 ,d5ni/\n's vague 
notice ass]t+ 8 settlem5t 9 ,flor5ce is 
all ,i h be5 able to collect4 ,no sign$ 
pieces ( ,camillo1 ,flam9io1 ,nicola !  
second1 or ,guido ! second1 h z yet be5 
obs]v$4  ',a consid]able proportion ( ! 
,fontana maiolica is d\btless /ill      
extant2 & x is desirable to endeavor to 

id5tify ! works ( ! individual memb]s ( 
! family1 )\t :i* ! m]e k ( _! exi/5ce  
is ( v little mom5t2 b ?is is no easy   
task2 al?\gh specim5s f ! h&s ( "o or   
o!r ( !m are to be und\bt$ly f\nd 9     
almo/ e collection1 ! "w ( comp>ison &  
collation has z yet be5 sc>cely         
attempt$4 ,! simil>ity ( /yle & te*nical
 *>act]i/ics ( ! sev]al arti/s1 moreov]1
 work+1 z !y did1 ) ! same colors on !  
same quality ( enamel-gr\nd1 & d\btless 
9 intimate communication ) ea* o!r1     
resolves itself into su* a /rong family 
resemblance t x w require ! mo/ m9ute & 
c>eful obs]vation1 unremitt+ly cont9u$1 
ere ! au?or%ip ( ! sev]al specim5s c be 
det]m9$ ) any?+ l c]ta9ty4 ,! evid5ce ( 
sign$ specim5s is1 ( c\rse1 ! mo/ to be 
reli$ on1 & is inde$ indisp5sable 9 giv+
 ! clew to complete id5tification 9 !   
fir/ in/ance2 b 9 ! case ( ! ,fontana   
family a difficulty pres5ts itself :i*  
%\ld be notic$ 9 ! outset4 ,?is         
difficulty arises 9 det]m9+ ! au?or%ip (
 ! pieces sign$ ,fatto 9 botega1 etc4--a

 mode ( signature1 9 fact1 :i* proves v 
little 9 det]m9+ individual *>act]i/ics1
 inasmu* z app>5tly ne>ly all ! works s 
inscrib$ are pa9t$ by o!r h&s ?an t ( ! 
proprietor ( ! ,vas]ia4 ,9 cases1 h[ev]1
 9 :i* ! arti/ has actually sign$ or    
initial$ pieces ) 8 own "n1 ( c\rse no  
su* difficulty exi/s1 b ! c]ta9ty       
acquir$ by ?is positive evid5ce is z yet
 conf9$ 9 ! case ( ! ,fontana family to 
_! greate/ "n1 ,orazio4'  ,) reg>d to ! 
arti/ic quality ( ?is "w1 ,i w quote !  
criticism ( a compet5t judge1 ,mr4      
,=tnum1 z ^u ! g5]al "q ,i h a few words
 to say fur!r on2 = x is un=tunately    
true t too _m buy = ! "n1 & n ! m]it4   
,he says3  ,! celebrat$ vases made = !  
spezi]ia ( ! duke 7 produc$ at !        
,fontana fabrique1 & subsequ5tly pres5t$
 to ! ,santa ,casa at ,loreto1 :]e _m ( 
!m are /ill pres]v$4 ,^? %[n to ! writ] 
on 8 visit to t celebrat$ %r9e "s few   
ye>s s9ce did n /rike him z be+ ( su*   
extraord9>y beauty & great arti/ic      
excell5ce z ! high-fl[n eulogy be/[$ ^u 

!m by "s writ]s w\ld h l$ him to expect4
 ,! majority ( ! pieces are drug-pots ( 
a n unusual =m1 b all or ne>ly all ( !m 
are 'i/oriati1' in/ead ( be+1 z is      
g5]ally ! case1 simply decorat$ )       
'tr(ei1' 'foglie1' 'grotes*e1' ! m usual
 & less co/ly ornam5tation4 ,"s ( !     
pieces h s]p5t-h&les1 mask-sp\ts1 etc41 
b he va9ly look$ = ! magnific5t vases ( 
unsurpass$ beauty2 nor1 inde$1 did he   
see any?+ equal to ! %ap$ pieces pres]v$
 9 ! ,b>gello at ,flor5ce4 ,! "w ( !    
well-kn[n h&s ( ! ,fontana fabrique is  
cle>ly recognizable1 & sev]al pieces are
 probably by ,orazio4 ,"s1 m important1 
pres]v$ 9 a l[ press1 7 f9] examples4   
,we h said t ! pieces individually are n
 s /rik+1 b1 tak5 z a :ole1 x is a v    
rem>kable s]vice1 said to h orig9ally   
numb]$ ?ree hundr$ & eighty vases1 all  
pa9t$ ) subjects aft] ! designs (       
,batti/a ,franco1 ,giulio ,romano1      
,angelo1 & ,raffaelle2 &1 z ! "w ( "o   
private arti/ic pott]y 9 ! comp>atively 
remote capital ( a small du*y1 x be>s no

 slight te/imony to ! extraord9>y       
developm5t ( e bran* ( art-indu/ry 9 !  
v>i\s di/ricts ( ,italy dur+ ! sixte5?  
c5tury4  ,at ! p]iod ( :i* we write1    
,italy _h become ! lead+ nation (       
,europe 9 all t p]ta9$ to lit]ature & ! 
arts2 h] pa9t]s1 sculptors1 & poets1 _h 
?r[n ov] h] p & hi/ory a glory1 or r a  
glam\r1 :i* 0 b ! iridesc5ce :i* :isp]$ 
( decay4 ,)9 a c5tury all _h sunk into  
insignificance & palsy4 ,to-day ! _w    
visits ,italy to see ) curi\s eyes :at  
%e has be51 n :at %e is4  ,! art & !    
maiolica :i* %e n[ produces are b       
copies1 & too (t5 bad copies1 ( t pa/4  
,! manufactories ( ,g9ori at ,flor5ce1 &
 ( ,giu/9iani at ,naples1 make mu* good 
"w2 b1 s f> z ,i h se51 !y bl9dly copy !
 %apes1 ! colors1 & ! decoration1 ( !   
fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies1 & attempt   
no?+ m4 ,& ! pity is t we1 :o buy       
to-day1 seem to want only ^?6  ,9 our   
pursuit ( art x may be well to rememb] t
 no nation c be creat$ by art1 & none c 
be sav$ by x4 ,:5 x is enli/$ only 9    

copy+ ! pa/1 x means feebl5ess & decay4 
,f ab\t ! ye> #aejj to #aefj is c\nt$ ! 
f9e p]iod ( maiolica-pa9t+1 :5 ! pa9t]s 
( :om ,i h spok5 7 transf]r+ !          
compositions ( su* arti/s z ,raffaelle1 
,giulio ,romano1 & ,p>megiano1 to !     
clay4 ,^! h always _h a great value1 &  
always w4 ,! prices v>y z ! fa%ion      
v>ies4 ,i f9d at ! ,b]nal sale1 9 #ahef1
 ! prices quot$ range f five to "o      
hundr$ & tw5ty p\nds1 s9ce :i* "t !y h  
enorm\sly increas$1 s t ,m>ryat quotes  
"o piece at eight hundr$ & eighty p\nds2
 & a beautiful ruby-lu/r$ di% ( ,gubbio 
maiolica1 exhibit$ 9 ,sir ,ri*>d        
,wallace's collection at ,be?nal ,gre51 
0 said to h co/ =ty ?\s& doll>s1 :i* "o 
easily d\bts4 ,! mo/ extreme prices 7 & 
are paid = ! elaborate figure-pieces    
copi$ f ! works ( ,raphael & o!rs4 ,:5  
to ^! are add$ ! brilliant lu/res (     
,gubbio1 we h all t maiolica c %[4  ,:5 
! fabric began to decl9e 9 quality1 !   
elaborate figure-pa9t+ rapidly w5t out (
 use1 & arabesques ( all k9ds1 conceits 

( all k9ds--birds1 boys1 mon/]s1        
any?+--came 9 to v>y ! decoration3 ^!   
c\ld be done by inf]ior pa9t]s2 & !     
decl9e ( maiolica 0 z sudd5 z its rise  
_h be5 rapid4  ,,gubbio4--,i h spok5 ( a
 beautiful plate1 brilliant ) its       
ruby-lu/re1 exhibit$ at ,be?nal ,gre5 9 
! collection ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,wallace4 ,! 
"w done at ?is small t[n ( ,gubbio is   
not$ = its lu/res2 =1 :ile o!r maiolicas
 also 7 decorat$ ) ^! exquisite fla%+s (
 color1 ^! _h a m>k$ sup]iority4 ,!     
pa9t+s appli$ !re1 l ^? at ,urb9o1      
,ca/el-,durante1 & ! o!r botegas1 7 9   
consid]able v>iety1 includ+ sacr$1      
pr(ane1 & hi/orical subjects2 ! beauty &
 ! value ( ^! color$ lu/res 7 soon      
discov]$4 ,to "o man ! especial honor   
has be5 giv5 ( mak+ !m1 :e!r he 0 !     
discov]] or n4 ,he is kn[n z ,mae/ro    
,giorgio ,&reoli1 usually call$ ,mae/ro 
,giorgio4 ,he 0 n only a pa9t] &        
design]1 b he e>ly saw & seiz$ ^u !     
magical art ( imp>t+ an add$ beauty by !
 use ( :at is t]m$ lu/re4 ,x 0 appli$   

be=e 8 day by ! ,moors ( ,spa9 &        
,majorca1 & also by ! pott]s at ,pes>o4 
,b ,giorgio seems to h produc$ results  
f9] ?an any2 & "o1 ! ruby-color1 seems  
to be id5tifi$ ) him4 ,besides ! ruby1  
he us$1 ) great effect1 gold1 silv]1 &  
copp] lu/res2 & n only 7 ^! appli$ to ! 
pa9t+s done "u 8 eye1 b works f o!r     
factories 7 s5t to him to be endu$ ) ?is
 subtile *>m4  ,i _c d bett] ?an to give
 "h ! results ( ,mr4 ,=tnum's c>eful    
/udy ( ?is subject3  ,*iefly "u !       
direction ( "o man1 x w\ld seem t !     
produce ( ! ,gubbio furnaces 0 = ! mo/  
"p ( a special nature2 namely1 a        
decoration ( ! pieces ) ! lu/re-pigm5ts1
 produc+ ^? brilliant metallic-ruby1    
gold51 & opalesc5t t9ts :i* v>y 9 e     
piece1 & :i* assume almo/ e color ( !   
ra9b[ z !y reflect ! light direct$ at   
v>y+ angles ^u _! surface4 ,t ! ,gubbio 
w>e 0 ( a special nature1 & produc$ only
 at a few fabriques almo/ exclusively   
devot$ to t class ( decoration1 is to be
 reasonably inf]r$ f ,piccolpasso's     

/atem5t1 :o1 speak+ ( ! application ( ! 
maiolica-pigm5ts1 says1 ',non *'io ne   
abbia mai fatto ne m5 v$uto f>e4' ,he 0 
! mae/ro ( an important botega at       
,ca/el-,durante1 "o ( ! l>ge/ & mo/     
productive ( ! ,umbrian manufactories1  
)9 a few miles1 also1 ( ^? ( ,urb9o1 )  
:i* he mu/ h be5 intimately acqua9t$ & 9
 frequ5t correspond5ce4 ,t he1 9 !      
middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 all ^!    
works 7 at ! highe/ p]iod ( _!          
developm5t1 %\ld be able to /ate t he _h
 n only nev] appli$ or ev5 witness$ !   
process ( application ( ^! lu/r\s       
enri*m5ts1 is1 we ?9k1 a conv9c+ pro( t 
!y 7 nev] adopt$ at ei!r ( ^? seats ( ! 
manufacture ( enamel$ pott]y4 ,al?\gh   
mu* modifi$ & improv$1 lu/re-colors 7 n 
inv5t$ by ,italian arti/s1 b 7 d]iv$ f !
 pott]s ( ! ,ea/1 probably f ! ,moors ( 
,sicily1 ( ,spa91 or ( ,majorca4 ,h5ce  
7we once m repeat7 ! "n 'majolica' 0    
orig9ally appli$ only to w>es hav+ !    
lu/re enri*m5t2 b1 s9ce ! decl9e ( !    
manufacture1 ! t]m has be5 m g5]ally    

giv53 all v>ieties ( ,italian enamel$   
pott]y be+ usually1 ?\gh wrongly1 kn[n z
 'maiolica4'  ,t "s ( ^! e>ly bacili1 s 
well kn[n1 & app>5tly ! "w ( "o arti/1 7
 made at ,pes>o1 :5ce ! secret &        
probably ! arti/ pass$ to ,gubbio1 is f>
 f improbable4 ,! reason = ?is          
emigration is n kn[n1 b x may be surmis$
 t ! l>ge quantity ( broom & o!r        
bru%-wood necess>y = ! r$uc+ process ( !
 rev]b]atory furnace 9 :i* ?is lu/re 0  
produc$ might h be5 m abundantly suppli$
 by ! hills ( ,gubbio ?an 9 ! vic9ity ( 
! l>g] city on ! coa/4 ,t ! process (   
produc+ ^! metallic effects 0 co/ly1 we 
ga!r f ,piccolpasso's /atem5t t         
sometimes n m ?an six pieces out ( a    
hundr$ succe$$ 9 ! fir+4  ,! fame ( !   
,gubbio w>es is associat$ almo/ entirely
 ) "o "n1 t ( ,giorgio ,&reoli4 ,we le>n
 f ! ,m>*ese ,brancaleoni t ?is arti/ 0 
! son ( ,pietro1 ( a ',ca/ello' call$   
',judeo1' 9 ! diocese ( ,pavia2 & t1    
accompani$ by 8 bro!r ,salimb5e1 he w5t 
to ,gubbio 9 ! second half ( ! fifte5?  

c5tury4 ,he appe>s to h left & aga9     
return$ ?i!r 9 #adib1 accompani$ by 8   
y\ng] bro!r ,giovanni4 ,!y 7 enroll$ z  
citiz5s on ! #bc;d ( ,may1 #adih1 on pa9
 ( =feit+ five hundr$ ducats if !y left 
! city 9 :i* !y engag$ to cont9ue       
practis+ _! c]amic art4 ,patroniz$ by ! 
dukes ( ,urb9o1 ,giorgio 0 made         
'ca/ellano' ( ,gubbio4 ,pass]i /ates t !
 family 0 noble 9 ,pavia4 ,x is n kn[n  
:y or :5 he 0 creat$ a ',mae/ro'--a     
title priz$ ev5 m ?an nobility--b x is  
to be presum$ t x took place at ! "t ( 8
 enrollm5t z a citiz51 8 "n ) ! title   
',mae/ro' fir/ appe>+ on a docum5t dat$ 
t same ye>1 #adih4 ,piccolpasso /ates t 
maiolica-pa9t]s 7 consid]$ noble by     
pr(ession4 ,! family ( ,&reoli & !      
',casa' /ill exi/ 9 ,gubbio1 & x 0      
ass]t$ by 8 desc5dant1 ,girolamo        
,&reoli1 :o di$ "s =ty ye>s s9ce1 t     
political motives induc$ _! emigration f
 ,pavia4  ,mae/ro ,giorgio 0 an arti/ by
 pr(ession1 n only z a draughtsman1 b z 
a model]2 &1 be+ famili> ) ! enamel$    

t]ra-cottas ( ,luca della ,robbia1 is   
said to h execut$ ) 8 own h&s & 9 _!    
mann] l>ge alt>-pieces4 ,we 7 once      
dispos$ to ?9k t great confusion exi/$ 9
 respect to ^! alt>-pieces 9 rilievo1 & 
7 incl9$ to ! belief t1 al?\gh "s ( !   
small] lu/r$-works may h be5 model$ by  
,giorgio1 ! l>g] alt>-pieces 7 really   
only import$ by him4 ,judg+ f ! mo/     
important :i* we h be5 able to exam9e1 !
 ',madonna del ,ros>io1' portions ( :i* 
are 9 ! museum at ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 x 
seem$ to approa* m ne>ly to ! "w ( "s   
memb] ( ! ,della ,robbia family4 ,?is   
f9e "w is 9 "p glaz$1 & 9 "p color$ 9   
di/emp] on ! unglaz$ t]ra-cotta1 9 :i*  
respect x precisely agrees ) works kn[n 
to h be5 execut$ by ,&rea della ,robbia1
 assi/$ by 8 sons4 ,!re are no signs ( !
 application ( ! lu/re-colors to any    
portion ( ! "w1 b ?is might be acc\nt$ =
 by ! great risk ( failure 9 ! fir+1    
p>ticul>ly to pieces ( su* l>ge size & 9
 high-relief4 ,be ?is z x may1 f a fur!r
 consid]ation ( ! /yle ( ?is "w & !     

record ( o!rs1 "s ( :i* are height5$ ) !
 lu/re-colors1 & ! fact /at$ by !       
,m>*ese ,brancaleoni t a receipt = an   
alt>-piece is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ar*ives (
 ,gubbio1 we are incl9$ to ?9k t hi/ory 
mu/ be correct 9 attribut+ ^! important 
works 9 c]amic sculpture to ,mae/ro     
,giorgio ,&reoli4 ,if !y 7 8 unassi/$   
"w1 he des]ves z high a place among !   
model]s ( 8 p]iod z he is ackn[l$g$ to h
 among arti/ic pott]s4  ,mae/ro         
,giorgio's mann] ( decoration consi/s ( 
foliat$ scrolls & o!r ornam5ts t]m9at+ 9
 dolph9s1 eagles1 & human heads1        
trophies1 masks1 etc42 9 ! draw+ ( :i*  
he exhibit$ consid]able p[]1 ) great    
facility ( inv5tion4 ,^! 'grotes*e'     
diff] mat]ially f ^? ( ,urb9o & ,fa5za1 
approa*+ m to ! /yle ( "s ( !           
,ca/el-,durante designs4 ,9 ! draw+ (   
figures1 & ( ! nude1 ,giorgio _c be     
rank$ z an arti/ ( ! fir/ class4 ,f     
#aeai 8 signature1 greatly v>i$1 occurs 
?r\gh succe$+ ye>s4 ,x w\ld be useless  
to repeat ! _m v>ieties1 sev]al ( :i* w 

be se5 9 ! l>ge catalogue & among ! m>ks
 on specim5s 9 o!r collections4 ,we     
believe t to :im or accid5t may be      
ascrib$ ^? *anges t h task$ ! +5uity (  
connoisseurs to read z o!r names4 ,8 f9]
 & m important pieces 7 g5]ally sign$ 9 
full1 ',mae/ro ,giorgio da ,ugubio1' ) !
 ye>1 & sometimes ! day ( ! mon?4  ,x   
may be said t ! secret ( ?is ruby-lu/re 
0 soon lo/1 & has n be5 fully recov]$2  
al?\gh admirable pieces are n[ made 9   
,engl&4  ,x is impossible to convey 9   
any engrav+ ! subtile beauty imp>t$ by  
^! lu/res2 x seems to me t ?is is by f> 
! f9e/ & mo/ fasc9at+ quality ( !       
maiolicas4  ,( ! "w made at             
,,ca/el-,,durante b little ne$ be said 9
 addition to :at has be5 writt5 ^u !    
g5]al subject ( ,italian maiolica4  ,?is
 0 a small t[n 9 ! neighborhood (       
,urb9o2 :i* t[n s9ce !n has be5 dignifi$
 ) ! "n ( ,urbania1 aft] ,pope ,urban   
,,viii4  ,at ,ca/el-,durante pott]y 0   
made long be=e x rea*$ ! "n & fame (    
maiolica4 ,?r\gh a book left by a pott] 

( ! place1 nam$ ,piccolpasso1 x is      
p]haps bett] kn[n ?an by ! maiolica made
 !re4 ,?is manuscript book1 :i* he      
illu/rat$ ) p5-&-ink draw+s1 gives "s   
acc\nt ( ! w>es produc$ !re4 ,i believe 
! book is n[ ! prop]ty ( ! ,k5s+ton     
,museum at ,london4 ,!re are "s few     
sign$ examples ( ! maiolica (           
,ca/el-,durante 9 ! collections ( ,engl&
 & ( ! ,cont95t4 ,i "k ( none 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4 ,( a piece own$ by ,mrs4 ,h4   
,t4 ,hope1 ( ,engl&1 ,mr4 ,rob9son says 
9 8 en?usia/ic way1 ,9 ! design &       
execution ( ! pa9t+1 spl5dor ( color1 & 
p]fection ( enamel-glaze1 ?is magnific5t
 piece is a triumph ( ! art4  ,! w>e    
made "h is said to be recogniz$ by a    
pale buff-color$ pa/e1 & great ri*ness &
 purity ( ! glaze4 ,/ill none b an      
exp]t--a p]son :o has made ^!           
productions a /udy--c\ld di/+ui% !m f ^?
 made at "s o!r ,italian factories4     
,,fa5za4--,"u ! "n ( ,fa5za1 an old t[n 
( ,roman ,italy1 all sorts ( waifs &    
/rays :i* h no o!r home are likely to be

 class$4 ,its productions h no su*      
peculi>ities z m>k ^? ( ,urb9o1 ,gubbio1
 & "s o!r ,italian botegas4 ,b = !      
antiquity & ext5t ( its pott]ies1 & also
 because x seems to h giv5 ! "n fai5ce  
to all e>!n-w>e pott]y made 9 ,france1 x
 has a c]ta9 importance4 ,i !re=e give a
 s+le extract f :at ,mr4 ,=tnum has     
writt5 ab\t x4 ,z !re are a consid]able 
numb] ( ^! druggi/'s pots 7see ,fig4    
#fd7 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! matt] may be (     
int]e/4 ,he writes3  ,f an e>ly p]iod   
,fa5za seems to h produc$ a l>ge numb] (
 electu>y-pots & ph>macy-bottles2 a pair
 are 9 ! ,htel ,cluny1 "o be>+ ! "n     
,,fa5za1 ! o!r #aejj4 ,_m ( ^! vases are
 decorat$ 9 ! /yle kn[n z a qu>ti]e1 be+
 divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 pa9t$ 9 bright 
yell[1 etc41 on d>k blue1 ) foliat$ &   
o!r ornam5t1 & usually hav+ a m$allion )
 pr(ile head or subject on "o side1 "u  
:i* ! "n ( ! drug 9 ,go?ic lett]+ is    
inscrib$ on a ribbon4 ,a curi\s example 
is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 a l>ge          
flask-%ap$ bottle ( d>k-blue gr\nd )    

yell[ leafage & ) twi/$ h&les1 ^u !     
m$allion ( :i* is repres5t$ a be> clasp+
 a column1 ) ! inscription1 'et s>rimo  
boni amici1' allusive1 9 all            
probability1 to ! reconciliation ( !    
rival h\ses ( ,ors9i & ,colonna 9 #aeag4
  ,we w\ld "h ref] to ! frequ5t         
occurr5ce on ^! vases1 z occasionally ^u
 o!r pieces1 ( ph>maceutical &          
ecclesia/ical signs1 lett]s1 etc41      
surm\nt$ by ! ar*iepiscopal cross & o!r 
emblems :i* we believe h ref]5ce to !   
uses ( mona/ic & private ph>macies = :i*
 ! s]vices 7 made1 & n to be conf\nd$1 z
 has be5 too frequ5tly ! case1 ) ! m>ks 
( boteghe or ( ! pa9t]s ( ! piece4 ,^!  
emblems h no o!r value to u ?an ! clew  
:i* !y might af=d to pati5t inve/igation
 ( ! locality & bro!rhood ( ! conv5tual 
e/abli%m5t to :i* !y may h belong$1 &   
among ! ar*ives ( :i* may be record$ !  
date & ! fabrique by :i* !y 7 furni%$4  
,b :at are ( f> great] int]e/ are ^?    
admirable e>ly pieces1 pa9t$ by c]amic  
arti/s ( ! fir/ rank1 :o1 beyond a r>e  

monogram or date1 h left no record ( _! 
place or "n2 & ^: highly-priz$ works1 = 
_! au?ors are sev]al1 are jeal\sly gu>d$
 9 our public & private museums4 ,"s (  
^!1 ) reasonable probability1 are       
believ$ to h be5 execut$ at ,fa5za4     
,sev]al examples are pres]v$1 ( an e>ly 
"*1 p]haps ! "w ( "o h&1 :o m>k$ !m on !
 back ) a l>ge ',m' cross$ by a p>aph4  
,!y are usually plateaux ) rais$ c5tre1 
on :i* is a portrait-head1 or %all[     
di%es ) flat bord]4 ,v>iations ( ! lett]
 ',f' are f\nd on pieces1 "s ( :i* are  
fairly ascribable to ?is fabrique2 b we 
ne$ n po9t out ! fact t _m o!r          
localities ( ! manufacture c claim !    
same = _! initial lett]1 & t !          
*>act]i/ics & te*nical qualities ( !    
pieces !mselves are a necess>y te/4     
,lat] 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5            
subject-pa9t+1 cov]+ ! :ole surface ( ! 
piece1 0 9 g5]al fa%ion 7i/oriata71 !   
unsign$ works produc$ at ,fa5za are     
difficult to di/+ui% f ^? ( o!r         
fabriques4 ,"s examples exi/ 9          

collections1 z "o 9 ! ,l\vre1 ) !       
subject ( a cavalry-skirmi%1 & inscrib$1
 '#aefa 9 ,fa5ca2' b we h no k ( _!     
pa9t]s1 & ev5 ! occurr5ce ( ! "n ( t    
city is b r>ely met )4 ,h] w>es are     
usually ri*ly ornam5t$ on ! back )      
imbrication1 z 0 ! mann] ( ,man>a1 or ) 
conc5tric l9es ( blue1 yell[1 & orange4 
,( ! pott]y produc$ at ,fa5za dur+ !    
sev5te5? & ! la/ c5tury we h b little   
record4 ,"s ph>macy-vases are m5tion$ by
 ,m4 ,jacquem>t1 sign$ ',&rea ,pantales 
,p+it1 #afaf1' b ! signature does n     
appe> to be accompani$ by ! "n ( t city4
 ,9 #afci ,francesco ,vic*ij 0 !        
proprietor ( ! mo/ important fabrique4  
,a mod]n e/abli%m5t pr(esses to occupy !
 premises ( ! anci5t ,casa ,pirota1 :]e 
we h se5 fairly good reproductions ( !  
ord9>y sopra azzuro plates ( ! old      
botega2 b ^! are b weak imitations1 & ! 
glory ( ,fa5t9e c]amic art mu/ be look$ 
= 9 museums4  ,! ,,sgraffiato w>es (    
,italy d n come "u ! head ( maiolica4 ,!
 t]m is us$ to designate "w :]e ! design

 is scrat*$ or incis$ ^u ! clay2 & 9    
,italy1 (t5 ^u a :ite clay laid ov] a   
d>k] clay1 s t ! design %[s ?r\gh !     
light] slip or engobe1 z ! cov]+ is     
call$4  ,( ,=li1 ,v5ice1 ,ca/elli1 or   
,abruzzi1 & ! _m o!r manufactories (    
maiolica1 x w be almo/ useless to write 
"h4 ,we h few1 if any1 examples ( ! "w 9
 ?is c\ntry2 & )\t examples x is        
difficult to make ! subject int]e/+4  ,i
 h n attempt$ to give any m>ks (        
maiolica1 = two reasons3 "o1 t we h s   
little opportunity = pur*as+ t ! k ( !  
m>ks1 su* z !y are1 w\ld be almo/ :olly 
useless2 &1 second1 ^! m>ks are ( little
 use any:]e4 ,few ( ! pa9t]s 7 9 ! habit
 ( m>k+ _! "w2 &1 :5 !y did1 _! m>ks    
seem to h _h no uni=mity1 & 7 v>i$ 9 _m 
:imsical ways4 ,^? :o wi% to buy pieces 
( maiolica1 unless !y h made ! matt] a  
/udy1 w h>dly d x )\t consult+ a p]son (
 exp]i5ce2 & a p]son ( exp]i5ce w n be  
guid$ solely by ! m>ks4  ,x c d no h>m  
to say t admirable c\nt]feits are n[    
made1 bo? 9 ,italy & 9 ,france 7probably

 also 9 ,g]many71 ( ! f9e/ ( ! old      
maiolicas1 design1 color1 & all         
complete4 ,ev5 judici\s *ipp+s ( edges &
 mild cracks are add$ to please ! exact+
 connoisseurs4 ,any p]son1 !re=e1 :o is 
look+ = ! be/ specim5s ( g5u9e old      
maiolicas1 at ! smalle/ prices1 w be    
fairly & fully met 9 ! %ops ( !         
,cont95t4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#ga4--;,f ! ,k5s+ton ,collection4  ,)   
reg>d to "s ( ! mo/ celebrat$ maiolica1 
,i h quot$ ! judgm5ts ( two mo/ compet5t
 writ]s z to ! beauties ( two ( ! mo/   
fam\s arti/s4 ,x is f> f be+ high       
praise4 ,i v5ture to say1 9 addition1 t 
mu*1 v mu*1 ( :at ,i h _h ! opportunity 
to see1 /rikes me =cibly z be+ crude &  
poor 9 color1 bad 9 draw+1 un9t]e/+ 9   
design1 & wret*$ 9 clay & 9 glaze4 ,n t 
!re are n good & beautiful works among !
 maiolicas2 b x seems to me !y are few4 
,besides ?is1 ,i believe ! great        
maiolica-pa9t]s1 su* z ,xanto &         
,giorgio1 7 :olly wrong 9 attempt+ to   
transf] to pott]y ! pictures (          

,raffaelle & ,giulio ,romano2 at lea/1  
!y c be b v poor repres5tations ( !     
pictures !mselves1 & !re=e unju/ to _!  
models1 & useless to u z examples ( high
 art4  ,we copy "h 7,fig4 #ga71 f ,mr4  
,=tnum1 "o ( ! elaborate figure-pieces (
 maiolica 9 ! ,k5s+ton collection2 :i*1 
z x seems to u1 is a /rik+ pro( ( :at   
has j be5 said4  ,9 ! collections ( !   
,museum ( ,f9e ,arts at ,bo/on are to be
 se5 t5 or twelve plates1 b[ls1 etc41   
:i* give a fair exhibition ( ! "w ( !   
sixte5?-c5tury pa9t]s4 ,"s ( ^! are     
attribut$ to ! be/ ma/]s1 ! ,fontana &  
,xanto1 & "o has ! m>k ( ,xanto4  ,!    
l>ge & v>i$ collection ( ,italian       
maiolicas br\ght to ! ,philadelphia     
,exhibition 9 #ahgf is n[ 7,may1 #ahgg7 
to be se5 9 ! rooms ( ! ,metropolitan   
,museum ( ,art at ,new ,york1 & x (f]s  
an excell5t opportunity = exam9+ & /udy+
 ^! /yles ( fictile "w4  ,,:at ,,is     
,,do+ ,,9 ,,italy ,,n[4--,a v l>ge %[ ( 
,italian maiolica ( to-day 0 made at !  
,c5t5nial ,exhibition at ,philadelphia 9

 #ahgf4 ,:at did we f9d !re8 ,hundr$s ( 
imitations4 ,italy especially has be5   
devot+ h]self ) great indu/ry to        
reproductions ( ! vases1 ew]s1 tazzas1  
plaques1 di%es1 & s on1 ( ! pa/2 & "s v 
fair ones 7 s5t f ,pes>o1 ,rome1 &      
,fa5za4 ,! vases & ew]s be>+            
figure-pieces or my?ological pictures _h
 a c]ta9 quality peculi> to ?is /yle (  
"w :i* at fir/ may excite di/a/e r ?an  
desire1 b aft] a "t may induce a mild   
sort ( ass5t2 m1 we believe1 f ! l[ &   
quiet tones & h>monies ( color ?an f any
 m>k$ excell5ce ( ei!r ! =m ( ! vase or 
! pa9t$ subject4 ,! two names mo/       
conspicu\s z pott]s 9 ,italy n[--,g9ori 
at ,flor5ce1 & ,giu/9iani at            
,naples--did n appe> among ! exhibitors1
 s f> z we "k4 ,( ,g9ori's "w we give a 
f9e example 9 ,fig4 #ga;a4 ,b if        
draughtsm5 & arti/s s good w\ld only    
give u _! pictures ( ! life ( ,italy    
to-day z !y s well c\ld d--( ! peasants 
& _! donkeys1 _! v9e-dress+ & w9e-mak+1 
_! fi%+1 _! cook+1 _! /reet-"w 9 its    

?\s& v>ieties6 ,t !y c\ld1 & d n2 t !y  
cont9ue on & on ) ! /upid r\nd ( copy   
aft] copy 9 all dep>tm5ts ( art1 may    
mean t ! good public :o h money to sp5d 
want ^! copies1 & !re=e pott]s & pa9t]s 
s9k f ! cle> air ( inv5tion & orig9ality
 into ! dull inanities ( copy+4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga a4--,maiolica  
,vase1 by ,g9ori4     ,,*apt] ,,vii4    
,,fr5* ,,fai5ce4--,,palissy ,,w>e1 ,,&  
,,h5ri-,,deux ,,w>e4       ,b]n>d       
,palissy4--,! ,ca?olics & !             
,hugu5ots4--,sa9tes4--,figur9es4--,!    
,c5t5nial                               
,exhibition4--,prices4--,h5ri-,deux--:]e
 made--:54--,copies at                  
,philadelphia4--,li/ ( ,pieces extant1 &
 ,prices4   ,b]n>d ,palissy4--,ov] ! "n 
& fame ( ,palissy hangs an aureola (    
glory4 ,he 0 a pott]1 & he le>n$ 8 trade
 ?r\gh mu* p]sev]ance & mu* suff]+4 ,b1 
m ?an t1 he 0 a ,prote/ant 9 ! days ( ! 
,leagu]s1 :5 to be a ,prote/ant 9       
,france meant to p]secute or to be      
p]secut$2 & x meant also p]il & probable

 dea?4 ,palissy 0 born ab\t #aeaj1 & di$
 9 #aeij4 ,he liv$1 !re=e1 ?r\gh ! times
 ( ! bitt] & cruel w>s ( ! ,hugu5ots & !
 ,ca?olics1 :5 political & religi\s &   
social intrigues divid$ ! nobility (    
,france into factions1 :i* 7 n only     
ready to1 b did1 r5d ea* o!r's ?roats4  
,he liv$--he1 a ,prote/ant--?r\gh !     
:olesale but*]ies ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew      
7#aegb71 :5 x is ass]t$ t f tw5ty to "o 
hundr$ ?\s& ,prote/ants 7 slaught]$ 9 ! 
k+dom ( ,france 9 cold blood4  ,palissy 
0 "o ( ^? ,prote/ants1 0 kn[n z "o1 & he
 0 n slaught]$4 ,f ?is fact has come a  
good "p ( 8 glory1 z a few words may    
s]ve to expla94  ,= a long "t ! /ruggle 
= p[] betwe5 ! ,ca?olic p>ty & !        
,hugu5ot p>ty _h rag$1 ) v>y+ =tunes1 :5
 bo? sides pillag$ & p]secut$1 & true   
religion 0 driv5 to ! wall1 or fl$ f    
,france4 ,at la/ ! ,ca?olic p>ty1 "u !  
lead ( ! ,duke ( ,guise1 secur$ !       
prem95ce1 & 9 due "t--9 #aeei--sev]e    
edicts 7 issu$ aga9/ ! ,prote/ants4     
,palissy 0 n safe2 b by t "t he _h      

acquir$ reputation z a pott]1 & _h made 
pieces ( 8 ru/ic w>e = ! k+ & = memb]s (
 ! c\rt4 ,he 0 kn[n to ! k+2 & !        
que5-"m1 ,ca!r9e de' ,m$icis1 br\ght him
 to ,p>is1 e/abli%$ 8 furnaces 9 !      
gr\nds ( ! ,tuil]ies1 made him a s]vant 
( ! k+1 & s sav$ him = ! "t f !         
p]secutions :i* swept away 8 bre?r54  ,x
 mu/ be rememb]$ t ^? 7 days 9 :i* _m m5
 believ$--believ$ t _! tru? or fai? 0 ! 
only ?+ to save !m f ! et]nal fires (   
hell4 ,palissy 0 "o ( ^? e>ne/1 int5se1 
n>r[ natures :o believ$ _! fai? 0 ! only
 true fai? = man4 ,all ! influ5ce ( !   
que51 ! p]suasions ( ! prie/s1 & ev5 !  
appeals ( ! k+1 c\ld n %ake him4        
,palissy has writt5 8 own /ory1 & x has 
! int]e/ ( romance & ! f]vor ( fai?4 ,:5
 he 0 eighty ye>s old he 0 ?r[n into !  
,ba/ile1 ) o!r /an* ,hugu5ots1 because (
 8 fai?4 ,! k+1 ,h5ry ,,iii41 is report$
 to h said3  ,my good fri5d1 y h n[ be5 
five-&-=ty ye>s 9 ! s]vice ( my "m &    
myself2 we h all[$ y to reta9 y\r       
religion 9 ! mid/ ( fire & slaught]4 ,n[

 ,i am s h>d press$ by ! ,guises & my   
own p1 t ,i am con/ra9$ to deliv] y up  
into ! h&s ( y\r enemies1 & to-morr[ y w
 be burn$ unless y are conv]t$4         
,inflexible to ! la/1 ! old man is      
report$ to h answ]$ ! k+ 9 ?is wise3    
,sire1 ,i am ready to resign my life = !
 glory ( ,god4 ,y h told me sev]al times
 t y pity me2 & ,i 9 my turn pity y1 :o 
h us$ ! words ',i am con/ra9$4' ,x 0 n  
spok5 l a k+1 sire2 & ^! are words :i*  
nei!r y nor ^? :o con/ra9 y1 ! ,guis>ds 
& all y\r p1 w ev] be able to make me   
utt]1 = ,i "k h[ to die4  ,! :ole _w    
admires pluck2 & t1 we _c d\bt1 m>k$ !  
"* ( ! man4 ,we ne$ only to look at 8   
face 7,fig4 #gb7 to believe t he might h
 said ^? words4 ,& ^? :o came aft] him1 
inh]it+ 9 a degree ! hatr$ ( ! ,ca?olics
 :i* he enjoy$1 h n all[$ ! words nor ! 
fame ( ! man to die4  ,b he 0 n put to  
dea?2 he l+]$ out 8 la/ ye> 9 ! prisons 
( ! ,ba/ile1 & !n dep>t$4  ,! /ory he   
left beh9d him1 ( 8 own /ruggles &      
suff]+s 9 seek+ & f9d+ ! arts ( ! pott]1

 has be5 int5sifi$ by 8 admir]s2 !y h   
add$ to its intr9sic int]e/ by tell+ ( 8
 pati5ce1 8 endurance1 8 suff]+1 & 8    
f9al success--t :i* c be imp>t$ by ! gl[
 ( admir+ s\ls1 :o see 9 him a h]o su* z
 !y w\ld !mselves wi% to be1 b are n4   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4--;,b]n>d      
,palissy4  ,t /ory is briefly ?is3 ,he 0
 born poor1 b he _h pati5ce1 indu/ry1 & 
an aspir+ nature4 ,he /udi$1 he le>n$1  
he s\ght2 he became some?+ ( a          
draughtsman1 a pa9t]1 a surveyor1 a     
writ]4 ,glass-pa9t+ may be said to h be5
 8 occupation1 or "o ( !m2 &1 9 foll[+  
?is1 he came quickly into sympa?y )     
cognate arts4 ,we c well believe1 !re=e1
 t :5 he saw a beautifully-enamel$      
cup--:e!r "o ( ^? n[ s fam\s z !        
,h5ri-,deux w>e1 or :e!r "o ( ^? already
 made at ,nuremb]g by ,hirs*vogel       
7probably ! latt]7--we c well believe t 
x inspir$ 8 s\l ) en?usiasm1 & held him 
) ! t5acity we "k to h m>k$ 8 "*4  ,f t 
day he 0 possess$2 he _h a ma/]+ ?\ght3 
x 0 to discov] ! secrets ( ?is art1 & to

 apply !m to ! production ( l w>e 9     
,france1 :]e x 0 n kn[n4 ,) little or no
 k ( *emi/ry1 ) none ( pott]y1 he set   
himself to ! task4 ,he work$ p]si/5tly1 
indefatigably1 b d>kly1 ignorantly1     
wa/efully1 & at la/ only rea*$ a        
half-success4 ,he did ?is1 too1 by      
sacrific+ l>gely ( 8 own life = sixte5  
ye>s1 &1 m ?an t1 z he has himself told 
! /ory1 by ! h>d & almo/ cruel sacrifice
 ( ! dec5t com=ts ( life ( 8 wife &     
family4 ,he borr[$ ! money ( 8 fri5ds & 
neighbors to conduct 8 exp]im5ts2 he    
burn$ 8 tables & *airs to heat 8        
furnaces2 he c\ld n pay 8 assi/ants2 he 
c\ld be> ! te>s & reproa*es ( 8 wife & 8
 fri5ds1 & did s = ye>s2 & all ?is = :at
 "s p]sons call ! glori\s result (      
discov]+ a glaze = pott]y--:i* _h       
already be5 kn[n & 0 9 full practice at 
,nuremb]g1 only a hundr$ miles f him6   
,if1 z is /at$ by ,demm91 he did himself
 visit ,nuremb]g to see & le>n :at 0 !re
 be+ done1 8 c\rse becomes /ill m       
inexplicable & unpraisewor?y4 ,& :at    

makes ! matt] /ill m curi\s is t1 aft]  
all1 he did n succe$ 9 discov]+ or      
apply+ ! /annif]\s enamel2 = ,m4 ,demm9 
/ates positively t 8 glaze 0 !          
plumbif]\s glaze1 & n ! /annif]\s4      
,quot+ 8 words1 he says3 ,on ne r5contre
 pas la mo9dre p>celle d'mail /annifre1 
blanc ou autres1 sur les pot]ies        
attribues  ce matre4 ,le blanc e/ une   
t]re blan*tre qui1 c\v]te d'un v]nis    
incolore1 cons]ve sa blan*eur4  ,if1    
!re=e1 x may be que/ion$ :e!r ! object (
 discov]+ a /annif]\s glaze 0 wor?y !   
sacrifice ( sixte5 ye>s ( 8 own life1 z 
well z ( ! peace & com=t ( 8 fri5ds &   
family2 & if1 aft] all1 he did n discov]
 x2 & if1 besides t1 he might h obta9$ x
 f ,hirs*vogel )\t all ?is tribulation1 
& did n--we may well be at a loss to    
und]/& ! high praise :i* 9 "s qu>t]s has
 be5 lavi%$ on ,palissy2 & = myself ,i  
am n will+ to cont9ue x4 ,m>tyrdom is   
usually a v poor bus9ess1 & ! cause (   
good pott]y c]ta9ly does n dem& x4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--,l>ge ,oval  

,di%1 f ! ,museum ( ! ,l\vre4  ,! "w    
begun at ,sa9tes ab\t #aece1 & aft]w>d  
c>ri$ on at ,p>is1 is m>k$ by           
peculi>ities :i* = a long "t 7 suppos$  
to be conf9$ to ! w>es ( ,palissy4 ,^! 7
 ! use ( %ells1 liz>ds1 snakes1 fi%1    
frogs1 insects1 & plants1 9 high-relief 
^u ! surface ( 8 plates & di%es4 ,?is w 
be %[n 9 ! example we give 7,fig4 #gc71 
:i* is "o ( ! f9e/ pieces ( ?is "w      
extant1 n[ 9 ! museum ( ! ,l\vre4 ,& ev5
 ?is is n[ believ$ by "s compet5t exp]ts
 to be ( mod]n manufacture4  ,^! natural
 objects 7 model$ ) consid]able c>e1 &  
color$ to repres5t ! real ?+s1 s t !y h 
a value to ! naturali/ z well z to !    
pott]4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4            
#gd4--,palissy ,di%4  ,z works ( c]amic 
art1 c we accord !m a high rank1 or c we
 get mu* satisfaction 9 _!              
contemplation8 ,c we accept !m z art at 
all8 ,admit !m to be clev] imitations--&
 t is all1 x seems to me1 we c d--& !y  
fall to ! place ( prett9ess1 & rank )   
wax-fl[]s & alaba/]-apples4             

,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4--;,a ,basket1 
by ,palissy1 9 ! ,k5s+ton ,museum4  ,x  
is q c]ta9 t "w ( ?is sort 0 done by _m 
pott]s aft] ,palissy1 if n by 8         
contempor>ies2 & collectors h be5 induc$
 to pay great prices = ?+s alleg$ to be 
! "w ( ,palissy :i* are n[ kn[n n to h  
be5 made by him4 ,9 addition to ?is1 !  
_w is full ( c\nt]feits ( ?is sort ( ?+ 
:i* out-,palissy ,palissy2 & !          
extravagant prices once paid =          
c\nt]feits _c n[ be obta9$ = :at are    
kn[n to be g5u9e4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#gf4--,p]p5dicul> ,view1 %[+ !          
,m>gu]ites on ! ,edge4  ,! o!r two      
examples %[n 9 ,figs4 #gd1 #ge1 & #gf1  
diff] f ! fir/2 & x may be d\bt$ :e!r ^!
 are n to be attribut$ to "s o!r pott]  
?an ,palissy4 ,! cornucopia on ,fig4 #gd
 0 a favorite decoration at ,r\51 &     
might readily en\gh f9d a place !re4    
,?is /yle ( "w1 be+ made 9 m\lds1 c be  
easily & *eaply reproduc$4  ,at "o "t a 
l>ge numb] ( figur9es1 su* z ,! ,nurse &
 o!rs1 7 attribut$ to ,palissy1 not)/&+ 

t ! dresses1 & 9 "s cases ! p]sons1 did 
n exi/ until aft] ! "t ( ,palissy2 b x  
is n[ ass]t$ t !re is no?+ at all to    
prove t ,palissy ev] made ?is /yle ( "w4
  ,a great numb] ( examples may be se5 (
 s-call$ ,palissy 9 ! ,k5s+ton ,museum  
at ,london & 9 ! ,l\vre at ,p>is4 ,b !y 
n[h]e hold ! high places !y once did1   
nor d !y br+ ! prices !y once did4 ,9 ! 
,c5t5nial ,exhibition at ,philadelphia (
 #ahgf a great v>iety ( ?is sort ( "w 0 
%[n1 made by ! clev] pott]s ( ! day 9   
,europe4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4          
#gg4--,palissy ,jug1 f ! ,museum ( !    
,l\vre4  ,a v l>ge sale has be5 f\nd )9 
! la/ tw5ty ye>s = imitations ( ,palissy
 w>e1 & ^! h be5 made ) great skill by  
,b>bizt & ,aviso1 ( ,france1 & by       
,m9ton1 ( ,engl&2 inde$1 "s ( ^! seem   
mu* bett] ?an any ,i h se5 suppos$ to be
 ! g5u9e ?+4 ,! virtues mo/ ne$$ are1 ( 
c\rse1 pati5ce & a ke5 faculty (        
imitation--art 9 any good s5se is n     
ess5tial4  ,! sales ( ,palissy w>e at ! 
,b]nal sale 7 n at ! high figures !y    

aft]w>d rea*$4 ,! prices ran f sev5 to  
"o hundr$ & sixty-two p\nds1 ! latt]    
price hav+ be5 paid = a circul> di%     
twelve & a half in*es 9 diamet]1 :i*1   
hav+ be5 brok5 into pieces & m5d$1 0    
b\ght by ! ,b>on ,ro?s*ild4  ,we give1 9
 ,fig4 #gg1 ano!r /yle ( "w--a v        
beautiful jug 9 ! collection ( ! ,l\vre4
 ,x is !re plac$ among ! works ( ,b]n>d 
,palissy2 & !re are v>i\s o!r pieces ( l
 "w s catalogu$ 9 ! public & private    
collections ( ,europe4 ,b !re are d\bts 
z to ^!1 :i* 9 "s m9ds approa* to       
c]ta9ty--d\bts :e!r ,palissy himself    
work$ at all ) ! human =m4 ,x is well   
kn[n t he 0 a naturali/1 a geologi/1 a  
sci5ti/1 b x is n c]ta9 t he 0 an arti/ 
9 ?is direction4 ,"s /ud5ts ass]t       
di/9ctly t he 0 n2 & x seems mo/        
probable t he 0 n a model] ( ! human    
figure4  ,z "w l ?is1 %[n 9 ! la/       
illu/ration1 has = s long a p]iod be5   
attribut$ to him1 x has seem$ desirable 
to give an example ( x 9 our pages4 ,t x
 is "w ( 8 "t1 if n made by him or "u 8 

direction1 is n que/ion$4  ,,h5ri-,,deux
 ,,w>e3 ,,fai5ce ,d',,oiron4--,?is      
unique e>!n-w>e = ye>s p]plex$ ! lov]s (
 pott]y4 ,x seem$ to appe> f ,t\ra9e &  
,la ,v5de1 & only "h & !re a piece4 ,x 0
 s peculi>1 s diff]5t f any & all ! kn[n
 /yles1 t no "o c\ld decide :5ce x came 
or by :om x 0 made4 ,! impression--& x 0
 only an impression--seem$ to be t x mu/
 h come out ( ,italy1 & t ,b5v5uto      
,cell9i 0 z likely z any "o to h _h to d
 ) its designs or execution2 & ?is      
simply because he 0 kn[n to h /amp$ 8   
peculi> ta/e ^u works :i* might be      
class$ ) ?is only 9 express+ ! f9] =ms &
 decorations ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance4  
,a few pieces only ( ?is w>e came to    
light f "t to "t1 b !y 7 eag]ly seiz$   
^u1 & !y gave rise to mu* speculation4  
,:y !re %\ld be s few1 & :y no traces ( 
l w>e 7 f\nd 9 o!r directions1 rema9$ = 
a "t a my/]y4 ,b x 0 solv$4 ,i quote "h 
f a pap] by ,mr4 ,ritt]1 :i* sums up :at
 is n[ kn[n ^u ! subject2 he writes ) ! 
k & appreciation ( a practical pott]3   

,x 0 s late z ! ye> #ahci t ,m4 ,&r     
,potti]1 a ,fr5* writ] on art1 fir/     
ann\nc$ to ! _w ! exi/5ce ( ! s+ul>     
species ( pott]y n[ kn[n z ',h5ri-,deux'
 w>e4 ,he gave x z 8 op9ion t x 0 !     
production ( ,flor5t9e arti/s work+ 9   
,france4 ,until ?us br\ght to ! k (     
connoisseurs1 ! v exi/5ce ( ?is         
exquisite w>e _h be5 =gott54 ,x soon1   
h[ev]1 became fam\s4 ,e corn] ( ,europe 
0 ransack$ = specim5s ( x4 ,dukes1      
pr9ces1 & millionaires1 cont5d$ ) !     
heads ( national museums = ! few pieces 
/ill to be f\nd4 ,no w>e ev] yet became 
s co/ly2 = e hundr$ p\nds t a r>e piece 
( ,svres or maiolica w fet*1 !          
',h5ri-,deux' w br+ its ?\s&4 ,z yet    
only ab\t fifty pieces h come to light2 
& ( ^! fifty m ?an "o-half h f\nd _! way
 into ! gall]ies ( our weal?i] ,engli%  
amateurs4  ,^? :o see a specim5 ( ?is   
r>e & preci\s pott]y = ! fir/ "t are apt
 to be extremely disappo9t$4 ,!y see a  
vase1 or a ew]1 or a c&le/ick1 (        
fanta/ic %ape1 cov]$ ) a ?91            

gre5i%-yell[ glaze1 ! color+ n by any   
means brilliant1 & ! surface seem+ly    
inlaid & incru/$ ) ! innum]able details 
( a mo/ elaborate ornam5tation1 made out
 9 quiet br[ns1 blacks1 & sad neutral   
t9ts4 ,no?+ is less /rik+ to a casual or
 an ignorant obs]v]--no?+ 9 ! :ole range
 ( decorative art s absolutely exquisite
 9 design & effect to ! cultivat$       
appreciation ( a connoisseur 9          
,r5aissance-"w4  ,no soon] 0 ! w>e      
discov]$ ?an speculations began z to its
 mak]1 its date1 & ! locality ( its     
fabrication4 ,on no s+le po9t did ! t5  
or twelve ,fr5* writ]s on ! subject come
 to an agreem5t1 & a c]ta9 am\nt (      
unsolv$ my/]y /ill atta*es to all ^!    
po9ts4 ,!re is no s-call$ 'pott]'s m>k' 
on any ( ! pieces except "o1 & ?is      
solit>y m>k is n recognizable z t ( any 
kn[n pott]4 ,x may be tortur$ into a    
monogram1 or assum$ to be a device1 at !
 pleasure ( ^? :o =m _! v>i\s !ories on 
! orig9 ( ! w>e4  ,! pieces are decorat$
 ) ! arms ( ,fr5* royal & noble         

families4 ,"o piece has on x ! salam&]  
surr\nd$ by flames1 ! device ( ,francis 
,i4 ( ,france2 & v _m out ( ! fifty be> 
! well-kn[n monogram ( ,h5ry ,,ii4 work$
 into ! ornam5tation ( ! surface--a     
circum/ance :i* has giv5 ! w>e its "n4  
,! date is1 !re=e1 m or less fix$ to !  
%ort p]iod betwe5 #aedj & #aefj1 or     
tw5ty ye>s4 ,z to ! nationality ( !     
arti/1 ! be/ au?orities jo9 9 ?9k+ he   
mu/ h be5 a ,fr5*man1 because ! "w is   
ess5tially ( ! /yle ( ! some:at         
di/9ctive ,fr5* ,r5aissance !n prevail+4
 ,! precise locality ( its production   
c\ld only be inf]r$ to be some:]e 9     
,t\ra9e1 because a majority ( ! pieces c
 be trac$ z com+ f t prov9ce4  ,su* 0 ! 
my/]y :i* hung ab\t all connect$ ) ?is  
curi\s w>e--a my/]y :i* n a little      
enhanc$ ! int]e/ tak5 9 x1 & p]haps !   
e/imation 9 :i* x 0 held4  ,?is my/]y is
 n[1 to a great ext5t1 cle>$ up4  ,at ! 
c\rt ( ,k+ ,francis liv$ a wid[ lady (  
high bir?1 nam$ ,hlne de ,hange/4 ,h]   
husb& _h be5 gov]nor ( ! k+1 &          

,gr&-,ma/] ( ,france4 ,%e 0 h]self an   
arti/1 & a collection ( draw+s by h] (  
consid]able arti/ic m]it is pres]v$4 ,!y
 are portraits ( ! celebrities ( !      
p]iod4 ,%e 0 9 favor at c\rt2 ! k+      
himself compos$ a rhym$ motto to ea* (  
h] portraits1 & "s ( ^! v]ses are writt5
 9 8 own h&4 ,x is e/abli%$ t ,hlne de  
,hange/ set up a pott]y at h] ,*teau (  
,oiron1 & t ,francis ,*>p5ti]1 a pott]1 
0 9 h] employ4 ,to 8 h&1 "u ! auspices (
 ! ,*tela9e ( ,oiron1 is due ! fam\s w>e
 ( ',h5ri-,deux4'  ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,rob9son
 gives x z 8 op9ion t ! te*nical m]it ( 
! ',h5ri-,deux' w>e is v small4 ,) due  
def]5ce to ,mr4 ,rob9son1 :o1 z a rule1 
writes well & le>n$ly ^u ?is & cognate  
matt]s1 we d n ?9k he w\ld say ?is if he
 _h be5 able to appreciate ! subject f a
 pott]'s po9t ( view4 ,! body ( !       
',h5ri-,deux' w>e is ( admirable texture
 & quality2 ! mode 9 :i* ! v>i\s clays  
are incorporat$ into ! sub/ance ( !     
pieces )\t %r9k+ or expansion1 !        
cle>ness1 ?9ness1 & smoo?ness ( !       

glaze--:i*1 by-!-way1 is plumbif]\s--all
 ^! ?+s are s _m m>vels ( skillful      
manipulation1 & fill ! m9d ( a practical
 pott] ) admiration4  ,^! curi\s &      
int]e/+ facts 7 br\ght to light by !    
rese>*es ( a ,fr5* savant1 ,m4 ,b4      
,fillon1 ab\t #ahfb4  ,illu/ration3     
,,fig4 #gh4--;,h5ri-,deux ,fai5ce ,vase4
  ,x appe>s t ?is w>e 0 n made = sale1 &
 t x 0 n sold1 b 0 made = pres5ts1 &    
!re=e 0 produc$ only 9 small quantities4
 ,! clay itself is :at ! ,fr5* t]m t]re 
de pipe1 & :at we "k z pipe-clay--a     
:ite1 delicate1 & v light clay4 ,!      
inlay+1 or ! incis$ l9es :i* are fill$ )
 color$ clays1 are mo/ delicately cut1 &
 s mu* resemble "w done by book-b9d]s t 
"s p]sons h sugge/$ t !y 7 made ) !     
tools us$ 9 ! bookb9d]'s trade4 ,at any 
rate1 "o %\ld give ^! pieces a close    
look1 = any ?or\ghly good piece ( "w is 
a s\rce ( supreme satisfaction4         
,admirable copies h be5 made ( "s pieces
 ( ?is "w by an arti/ nam$ ,t(t1 :i* 7  
exhibit$ at ,philadelphia 9 #ahgf by    

,m9ton1 ( ,engl&4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#gi4--;,h5ri-,deux ,salt-cell>4  ,we    
give1 9 ,figs4 #gh & #gi1 two examples1 
m to exhibit some?+ ( ! =ms & conceits  
indulg$ 9 ?an to %[ ! delicacy &        
precision ( ! "w1 :i* are p]fect4 ,fig4 
#gh is t]m$ a bib]on2 x is b sev5 in*es 
high4 ,! upp] "p is :ite1 ! ornam5ts    
yell[2 & ! l[] "p black1 ) :ite         
ornam5ts4 ,on ! %ield und]nea? ! sp\t   
are ! ?ree cresc5ts int]lac$4 ,fig4 #gi 
is a salt-cell>4  ,aft] ! decease (     
,madame ,hlne de ,hange/1 :o 0 ! wid[ ( 
,ar?ur ,g\ffi]1 a g5tleman ( rank1 !    
manufacture ( ?is peculi> w>e 0 cont9u$ 
at ! ,*teau d',oiron by h] son1 ,claude 
,g\ffi]2 b ! production 0 /ill limit$1 &
 x is d\btful if any pieces 7 ev] sold4 
,x is !re=e ( great r>ity & (           
correspond+ money-value1 only fifty-?ree
 specim5s ( x be+ kn[n to exi/4  ,!     
int]e/ 9 ^! pieces is su* n[ t _m p]sons
 may l to "k :]e !y are & :at !y are    
?\ght to be wor?4 ,i transcribe f       
,*aff]s z foll[s3  ,9 ,engl& !re are    

tw5ty-six pieces3                       
----------------------------------------
---------                               
,,description4               ,own]4     
----------------------------------------
---------  #a4 ,l>ge ew]        ,h4     
,magniac                   #b4          
,sir ,an?ony de ,ro?s*ild    #c4        
#d4 ,c&le/ick                           
#e4 ,hanap                              
#f4 ,tazza                              
#g4 ,cov] ( a cup                       
#h4 ,b\quetire                          
#i4 ,c&le/ick       ,&rew ,fonta9e      
#aj4 ,bib]on                            
#aa4 ,salt-cell>                        
#ab4 ,bib]on           ,b>on ,lionel de 
,ro?s*ild  #ac4 ,salt-cell>             
#ad4 ,tazza             ,duke (         
,hamilton            #ae4 ,salt-cell>   
#af4                 ,george ,field1    
,esq4          #ag4 ,"p ( ew]      ,h4  
,t4 ,hope                  #ah4 ,small  
ew]                                     
#ai4                 ,m4 ,t4 ,smi?      

#bj4 ,bib]on           ,j4 ,malcolm     
#ba4 ,salt-cell>       ,s\? ,k5s+ton    
,museum     #bb4 ,tazza & cov]          
#bc4 ,tazza                             
#bd4 ,c&le/ick                          
#be4 ,salv]                             
#bf4 ,salt-cell>                        
----------------------------------------
---------                               
----------------------------------------
------------------------------          
,,description4             ,:5ce obta9$4
         ,co/4  ,e/imat$                
,value4                                 
----------------------------------------
------------------------------  #a4     
,l>ge ew]        ,odiot sale1 #ahdb     
#if   #a1ejj  #b4                       
,/rawb]ry ,hill1 #ahdb              #bj 
#a1bjj  #c4                 ,de         
,monville collection            #adj    
#a1bjj  #d4 ,c&le/ick       ,praux sale1
 #ahej                 #bjh    #a1jjj   
#e4 ,hanap             ,de ,bruge sale1 
#ahdi                #bj      #ejj  #f4 

,tazza             ,praux sale1 #ahej   
#dd      #ejj  #g4 ,cov] ( a cup        
,unkn[n                                 
#aej  #h4 ,b\quetire       ,b\ght ( a   
cur at ,t\rs          #dh      #hjj  #i4
 ,c&le/ick       ,b\ght a c5tury ago    
#a1jjj #aj4 ,bib]on                     
#hjj #aa4 ,salt-cell>                   
#ejj #ab4 ,bib]on           ,b\ght (    
,madame ,delaunay                  #hjj 
#ac4 ,salt-cell>       ,/rawb]ry ,hill1 
#ahdb              #ba      #cjj #ad4   
,tazza             ,praux sale1 '#ej2   
,ratti]1 '#ei    #bhj      #ejj #ae4    
,salt-cell>                             
#hj      #cjj #af4                 444  
#cjj #ag4 ,"p ( ew]      ,de ,bruge     
sale1 #ahdi                #af      #cjj
 #ah4 ,small ew]                        
#bj      #fjj #ai4                      
,b\ght z ,palissy                       
#fjj #bj4 ,bib]on           ,p\rtals    
sale1 #ahfe            #a1ajj    #a1ajj 
#ba4 ,salt-cell>       ,soltyk(f1 #ahfa1
 to ,napi]        #bfh      #cjj #bb4   

,tazza & cov]                           
#dej      #ejj #bc4 ,tazza              
,poiti]s1 #ej s41 ,delange          #ahj
      #ahj #bd4 ,c&le/ick       ,de     
,norzy sale                     #fdj    
#gej #be4 ,salv]            ,esp\l>t1   
#aheg                   #ahj      #djj  
#bf4 ,salt-cell>       ,add+ton         
collection              #cjj      #cjj  
----------------------------------------
------------------------------  ,9      
,france !re are tw5ty-six pieces3       
----------------------------------------
------                                  
,,description4            ,own]4        
----------------------------------------
------ #bg4 ,tazza            ,le ,duc  
d',uzes             #bh4 ,cov] ( cup    
#bi4 ,pilgrim's bottle                  
#cj4 ,tazza & cov]  ,m4 ,hutteau        
d',origny       #ca4                    
,muse de ,cluny            #cb4         
,salt-cell>      ,b>on ,a4 de ,ro?s*ild 
#cc4 ,jug or canette                    
#cd4 ,small ew]                         

#ce4 ,c&le/ick      ,b>on ,g4 de        
,ro?s*ild    #cf  ,hanap                
#cg4 ,tazza            ,b>on ,james de  
,ro?s*ild #ch4 ,bib]on          ,museum 
( ! ,l\vre      #ci4 ,salt-cell>        
#dj4                                    
#da4                                    
#db4 ,tazza                             
#dc4 ,salt-cell>                        
#dd4 ,tazza                             
#de4                 ,svres ,museum     
#df4 ,cov] ( cup                        
#dg4 ,salt-cell>      ,madame d',yvon   
#dh4                ,comte de ,tussau   
#di4                                    
#ej4                                    
#ea4 ,cov] ( tazza4  ,m4 ,b4 ,deless]t  
#eb4 ,bib]on                            
----------------------------------------
------                                  
----------------------------------------
--------------------------              
,,description4           ,:5ce obta9$4  
,co/4  ,e/imat$                         
,value4                                 

----------------------------------------
-------------------------- #bg4 ,tazza  
#ejj #bh4 ,cov] ( cup                   
#aej #bi4 ,pilgrim's bottle             
#hjj #cj4 ,tazza & cov]                 
#ejj #ca4                ,b\ght by ,m4  
,?or 9 #agih     #bj      #ejj #cb4     
,salt-cell>                             
#cjj #cc4 ,jug or canette   ,b\ght by   
,/rauss1 #fjj        #hjj    #a1jjj #cd4
 ,small ew]       ,praux sale1 #ahej    
#dd      #ejj #ce4 ,c&le/ick            
#a1jjj #cf  ,hanap                      
#ejj #cg4 ,tazza            ,s\? (      
,france1 #ahfj         #dhj      #ejj   
#ch4 ,bib]on          ,sauvageot1 f     
,t\rs                   #hjj #ci4       
,salt-cell>      ,sauvageot1 f ,lehri1  
#ahbd     #e      #cjj #dj4             
,sauvageot1 f ,troyes                   
#cjj #da4                               
#cjj #db4 ,tazza            ,sauvageot1 
bo't z ,palissy       #h      #ejj #dc4 
,salt-cell>      ,revoil collection1    
#ahbh                 #cjj #dd4 ,tazza  

#ejj #de4                               
#ejj #df4 ,cov] ( cup                   
#aej #dg4 ,salt-cell>                   
#cjj #dh4                               
#cjj #di4                               
#cjj #ej4                               
#cjj #ea4 ,cov] ( tazza4  ,s\? (        
,france1 by ,rutt]4      #d      #aej   
#eb4 ,bib]on                            
----------------------------------------
--------------------------  ,9 ,russia1 
"o piece3                               
----------------------------------------
-------     ,,description4              
,own]4                                  
----------------------------------------
------- #ec4 ,bib]on4         ,pr9ce    
,galitz9                                
----------------------------------------
-------                                 
----------------------------------------
---------------------------             
,,description4            ,:5ce obta9$4 
,co/4  ,e/imat$                         
,value4                                 

----------------------------------------
--------------------------- #ec4        
,bib]on4         ,praux sale1 #ahej     
#ajj     #hjj                           
----------------------------------------
---------------------------     ,,*apt] 
,,viii4  ,,fr5* ,,fai5ce4--,,nev]s1     
,,r\51 ,,beauvais1 ,,etc4       ,numb] (
 ,manufactories4--,_! ,rise &           
,decl9e4--,nev]s4--,prices4--,beauvais4-
-,r\54--,m\/i]s4--,/rasb\rg1      or    
,hagu5au4--,m>seilles4--,s>reguem9es4--,
s9c5y1 ,nancy1 ,creil1                  
,montpelli]4--,p>is4--,p>is             
to-day4--,limoges4--,deck4   ,( ,fr5*   
fai5ces1 ! ,palissy w>e & ! ,h5ri-,deux 
h be5 already treat$4  ,i n[ propose to 
give "s acc\nt ( ! mo/ prom95t among ! v
 l>ge numb] ( pott]ies :i*1 9 ! sixte5?1
 sev5te5?1 & eighte5? c5turies1 sprang  
up 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,france4 ,mr4 ,*aff]s1
 9 8 "w ^u ,pott]y1 etc41 enum]ates "o  
hundr$ & sixty-five factories :i* 9     
#agij petition$ ! ,national ,assembly t 
!y might n be ru9$ by ! floods ( *eap   

pott]y !n be+ s5t 9 f ,engl&2 & ?is 0 n 
! :ole numb] 9 ,france4  ,great skill & 
mu* good ta/e h be5 exp5d$ ^u ! fai5ces 
( ,france1 & "s ( ! "w rises into !     
region ( art4 ,mu* ( t f\nd 9           
collections & museums is ( ?is k9d4 ,b x
 %\ld n be =gott5 t ! great purpose &   
bus9ess ( ^? manufactories 0 !          
production ( di%es1 plates1 & s]vices1 =
 ! table--= ! uses ( life4 ,& 9 ?is     
direction ! production 9 ,france 0 v    
l>ge & pr(itable1 until ! "t :51 z said 
above1 ! introduction ( *eap w>es f     
,engl& ru9$ ! mak]s4 ,^! disa/r\s *anges
 & :imseys ( trade1 disagreeable z !y   
may be to ! ma/]s & ! workm5 :o are     
ru9$1 d give a c]ta9 ze/ & v>iety to    
human hi/ory2 !y relieve life f !       
monotony & dullness :i* usually att5ds  
^u unbrok5 prosp]ity4 ,z "s ( !         
doctr9aires tell u1 !y are really       
bless+s--(t5 v mu* 9 disguise2 at lea/1 
!y seem s to ^? :o are ! imm$iate       
suff]]s4  ,ne>ly ! :ole ( ! ,fr5*       
pott]ies w5t d[n ab\t ! p]iod ( ! great 

,revolution1 f ! effects ( ! w>es       
introduc$ f ,engl&1 & ! tr\bles gr[+ out
 ( ! political disord]s4 ,)9 ?is la/    
qu>t] ( a c5tury a not$ revival has come
 to ?is mo/ int]e/+ indu/ry1 ( :i* "s   
notice w be made h]eaft]4  ,x is ! f9e  
examples ( ! "w ( ! old] pott]ies :i*   
collectors are desir\s to get4  ,m>ks   
are (t5 f\nd ^u pieces ( ! fai5ces (    
,france1 ! delft ( ,holl&1 etc42 b ,i d 
n reproduce !m "h1 p>tly because !y are 
mu* less important ?an ^? on !          
porcela9s1 & p>tly because we %\ld h    
almo/ no occasion = _! use4             
,,nev]s4--,x is suppos$ t at ,nev]s 0   
made ! fir/ enamel$ pott]y 9 ,france1 9 
! days ( ,ca!r9e de' ,m$icis4 ,m4 ,broc 
de ,sgange1 9 8 "w ,la ,faence1 les     
,faenci]s et les mailleurs de ,nev]s1#f 
traces ! beg9n+ ( ! "w to an ,italian   
nam$ ,conrad1 :o probably came to       
,france ) ! que51 & 0 naturaliz$ 9      
#aegh4 ,he & 8 bro!rs began !           
manufacture ab\t t "t4 ,ano!r fam\s     
pott] !re 0 ,pi]re ,cu/ode4  ,x 0       

inevitable t ! e>ly fai5ce ( ,nev]s %\ld
 be> a lik5ess to t :i* _h gr[n up s    
rapidly 9 ,italy1 & _h impress$ itself s
 vividly ^u ! arti/ic m9d ( ,europe4 ,b 
x 0 n an imitation4 ,we h little if any 
examples ( ?is "w 9 our c\ntry1 & ,i    
give ,m>ryat's brief di/9ction3  ,!     
,nev]s pott]y diff]s 9 _m po9ts f its   
,italian orig9al4 ,! outl9es ( ! figures
 are trac$ 9 violet1 ! fle% 9 yell[4 ,! 
r$ color is seldom us$1 b a copp]-gre5  
is peculi> to ?is w>e4 ,blue & yell[ are
 ! pr$om9at+ colors1 sep>at$ by a l9e ( 
:ite4 ,! sea is repres5t$ by undulat+   
l9es ( blue1 9 ! /yle ( ,orazio         
,fontana1 & ! ,urb9o s*ool4 ,! lips ( ! 
ew]s are 9 ! =m ( leaves1 ! h&les 9 t ( 
dragons4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig           
#hj4--;,faences ( ,nev]s4  ,demm9       
sep>ates ! "w done "h into f\r /yles or 
p]iods1 z foll[s3  #a4 ,! ,italian1     
#afjb to #afgj4  #b4 ,! ,p]sian1 ab\t   
#afdj4  #c4 ,! ,*9ese & ,dut*1 #afdj to 
#agej4  #d4 ,! popul> & patriotic1 ab\t 
#aghi4  ,! examples %[n 7,fig4 #hj7 are 

( ! lat] p]iods1 & p>take ( a g5]al "*  
:i* prevail$ at o!r manufactories ( !   
p]iods 9 ,france4  ,! colors dur+ !     
,p]sian p]iod 7 (t5 effective1 & !      
lapis-lazuli blue 0 ri*4  ,a v great    
quantity ( plates1 vases1 di%es1 etc41 0
 made1 _m ( !m rude & *eap1 dur+ ! "t ( 
! ,fr5* ,revolution1 :i* 7 decorat$ )   
revolution>y emblems1 pictures ( !      
de/ruction ( ! ,ba/ile1 ) ! lib]ty-cap1 
& ) patriotic cries1 su* z ,lib]t1      
galit1 ou mort6 & ,vive le roi citoy56  
,at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury !re 7  
twelve manufactories1 or fabriques1 9   
full bla/ at ,nev]s4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re
 is a v consid]able production ( fai5ce 
at ,nev]s1 mu* ( :i* is only !          
imitations or reproductions ( t made 9 !
 e>li] c5turies4 ,no?+ ( special int]e/1
 s f> z ,i "k1 0 %[n at ! ,c5t5nial     
,exhibition at ,philadelphia4  ,at !    
,b]nal sale 0 ,no4 #aiha3 ,a pair (     
bottles ( ,nev]s w>e1 light blue1       
spirally flut$ ) d>k-blue fl[]s2 twelve 
in*es high4 ,elev5 p\nds4--,j4 ,s4      

,=bes1 ,esq4  ,,beauvais4--,h[ e>ly     
pott]y 0 made at ,beauvais is n c]ta9ly 
kn[n2 "o ( ! e>lie/ notices is ( a pot (
 ,*>les ,,vi4 9 #acii1 ,un godet de t]re
 de ,beauvais1 g>ny d'arg5t2 & ,rabelais
 m5tions ?is "w m ?an once1 9 ?is way1  
,une salire de t]re2 et ung g\belet de  
,beauvoys1 etc4 ,v>i\s pieces ( ?is v   
qua9t & int]e/+ pott]y are extant 9 !   
museums ( ,europe4 ,! great plate we    
illu/rate is 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at    
,p>is1 & be>s ! date ( #aeaa 7,fig4     
#ha74 ,x is ( f9e pa/e1 & is ab\t       
sev5te5 in*es 9 diamet]4 ,its ornam5ts  
are 9 relief1 & are ! arms ( ,france & (
 ,brittany at t p]iod4 ,_m elaborate &  
decorative pieces 7 made "h1 & "s ( !m 7
 design$ & 7 us$ = pres5ts to di/+ui%$  
p]sonages :o visit$ ! city4 ,n only 7 ^!
 works ( luxury made1 b l>ge quantities 
( h\sehold "w 7 manufactur$ = ! uses (  
,france2 & !re 0 a v consid]able export 
( x to ,engl&4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#ha4--;,beauvais ,pott]y4  ,,r\54--,"o (
 ! mo/ ext5sive productions ( pott]y 9  

,france began at ,r\5 z e>ly z #aedb2 & 
aft] #afdj 7 made "h _m l>ge &          
highly-decorat$ pieces1 ( :i* we give "s
 illu/rations4 ,j :5 "w ( ?is k9d 0 fir/
 produc$ does n cle>ly appe>2 b a v     
consid]able numb] ( fabriques 7 e/abli%$
 9 ?is city1 & _m m5 & wom5 7 employ$4  
,!re is no "q t at "o "t ! pott]ies (   
,delft _h a consid]able influ5ce ^u ! "w
 at ,r\51 & mu* t 0 !n made             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4--,r\5 ,fai5ce4
  %[$ traces ( imitation4 ,pieces ( l>ge
 size 7 produc$1 su* z f\nta9s1 vases1  
bu/s1 figures & figur9es1 & ev5         
mantel-pieces4 ,"w 0 done = ! table1 "s 
( :i* holds high rank4 ,:5 ,l\is ,,xiv4 
s5t 8 silv] to be m9t$ 9 #agac1 to pay =
 8 extravagant w>s1 he _h x replac$ by a
 s]vice made at ,r\54 ,"s pieces 9 !    
,svres ,museum1 m>k$ ) ! fleur-de-lis1  
may h belong$ to ?is4  ,illu/ration3    
,,fig4 #hc4--,r\5 ,fai5ce4  ,_m ( ! ri* 
& ! noble foll[$ 8 example1 & ! result 0
 t a m>vel\s impulse 0 giv5 to !        
increase & ! p]fection ( ! fai5ces at   

,r\54 ,be=e ! f9al clos+ ( ! works1 ab\t
 #aghi or #agij1 "s eighte5 ext5sive    
fabriques 7 9 active "w4  ,! v>iety (   
articles made at ,r\5 0 v great1 rang+ f
 salt-cell>s & c&le/icks to             
mantel-pieces & /oves4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #hd4--,r\5 ,fai5ce4  ,! pa/e ( ! 
,r\5 fai5ce is /rong] ?an t ( ,delft1 & 
! pieces ,i h se5 %[ a r$di% clay ?r\gh 
! breaks ( ! enamel4  ,_m ( ! pa9t+s    
indicate mu* ta/e & skill4 ,x seems to  
me t ?is "w is m>k$ by m orig9ality1 &  
by a f9] p]ception ( ! fit & !          
beautiful1 ?an any o!r ,fr5* pott]y4 ,! 
pieces %[n 9 ,figs4 #hb & #hc1 z f> z   
engrav+s c d x1 prove ?is4 ,!y d n %[ ! 
v>iety & ! ri*ness ( color :i* di/+ui%  
mu* ( ! be/ "w4  ,! e>ly ,r\5 "w1 9 a   
consid]able degree foll[+ ! ,delft1 0   
pa9t$1 z "s suppose1 by m5 br\ght f !re4
 ,imitations ( ! ,*9ese at "o "t 7 9    
vogue2 & a good deal ( "w 0 done 9      
blue--en camaeu--9 "o color only4 ,b !  
color$ or poly*rome ,r\5 is mo/         
di/9ctive1 mo/ brilliant1 & mo/ desir$4 

,"o ( ! /yles mo/ s\ght = is t]m$  la   
corne1 %[+ cornucopias comb9$ ) fl[]s & 
birds4 ,x is v effective4 ,! example    
engrav$ is a beautiful plate f ,mr4     
,wales's collection at ,bo/on 7,fig4    
#hd74 ,_m pieces ( ?is w>e are 9        
exi/5ce1 & !y are f\nd 9 all ! museums &
 9 _m private collections ( ,europe4    
,mrs4 ,moses ,ives1 at ,provid5ce1 has  
"s p]fect examples1 ga!r$ by h] f old   
h\ses 9 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,h] belief is1 t  
!y got into ,rhode ,isl& f %ips captur$ 
by private]s & br\ght into ,newport1 :]e
 _! c>goes 7 sold & scatt]$4 ,x seems   
probable4  ,,m\/i]s4--,)9 ! la/         
tw5ty-five ye>s ! fai5ce ( ,m\/i]s has  
be5 sep>at$ f t ( o!r places 9 ,france1 
into :i* x _h once be5 m]g$4  ,! little 
t[n 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,l[] ,alps seems to
 h _h a fabrique z e>ly z #afhf1 :5 !   
records m5tion ! "n ( ,anto9e ,cl]issy z
 matre fay5si]4 ,two o!r names are kn[n 
z ma/]-pott]s ( t t[n--,ol]y & ,r\x4    
,all ^! made ornam5tal "w ( an excell5t 
class1 "s ( :i* is mu* valu$4  ,?ree    

/yles ( decoration are assign$ to ^!    
pott]s4 ,! e>lie/ is recogniz$ z be+    
pa9t$ 9 blue camaieu 79 "o color71 )    
subjects--hunt+-sc5es1 escut*eons &     
armorial be>+s1 c\ntry-sc5es1 figures ( 
! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 etc4 ,mo/ ( ^! are 
assign$ to ,cl]issy4  ,! second /yle    
runs f ab\t #agjj to #agde4 ,! specim5s 
( ?is p]iod are bett] kn[n to amateurs1 
& n s r>e2 !y are also decorat$ 9 blue  
camaieu1 ) highly-f9i%$ &               
gracefully-int]lac$ patt]ns1 among :i*  
are ,cupids1 satyrs & nymphs1 t]m9al    
figures1 g>l&s ( fl[]s1 masks1 etc42 &  
canopies re/+ on consoles1 or brackets1 
f :i* hangs drap]y bord]$ or fram$ )    
foliage & hat*$ spaces2 my?ological     
p]sonages1 vases ( fl[]s1 & o!r designs1
 be+ frequ5tly introduc$2 ! c5tre       
subjects are classical or *amptre       
figures 9 co/ume ( ! "t1 sometimes      
coats-(-arms4 ,"s ( ! fai5ce ( ?is p]iod
 is pa9t$ 9 cobalt-blue 9 ! ,*9ese /yle1
 :i* ,m4 ,davilli] attributes to ,pol   
,r\x1 & ref]s to a simil> plate 9 !     

,svres collection be>+ ! arms ( le gr&  
,colb]t4 ,9 ?is /yle !re is evid5tly a  
foll[+ ( ! maiolicas ( ,italy 9 :at is  
kn[n z ! ,raffaelesque w>e4 ,b t 0 nev]1
 ,i believe1 pa9t$ 9 blue4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he4--;,fai5ce (   
,m\/i]s4  ,! ?ird /yle1 runn+ f #agde to
 #aghi1 is almo/ always pa9t$ 9         
poly*rome2 ! colors are blue1 br[n1     
yell[1 gre51 & violet4 ,g>l&s ( fl[]s1  
fruits1 & foliage1 are us$4 ,my?ological
 subjects also appe>--,cupids1          
m$allions1 gods & goddesses1 etc4 ,to   
?is class app>5tly belongs our          
illu/ration 7,fig4 #he74 ,"s ( ^!       
ornam5tal pieces are well pa9t$1 &      
latt]ly h be5 mu* s\ght =1 b !y d n rank
 ) ! "w ( ,nev]s or ,r\54 ,at ! "t ( !  
,fr5* ,revolution !re 0 a l>ge indu/ry 9
 pott]y at ,m\/i]s--"s twelve fabriques 
be+ 9 full activity4 ,ne>ly all h       
disappe>$1#g & ! t[n has dw9dl$ into    
"o-?ird its =m] size4  ,,/rasb\rg1 ,,or 
,,hagu5au4--,! beg9n+s ( a fai5ce       
fabrique "h 7 probably ab\t #agba4      

,hannong 0 a pott]1 :o came to ! t[n f  
,g]many & e/abli%$ himself at ,hagu5au1 
ne> to or a "p ( ,/rasb\rg4 ,?is _h be5 
a ,g]man city until ,l\is ,,xiv4 clut*$ 
x & made x ,fr5* & ,ca?olic4 ,9 #ahgj ! 
,g]mans took x back1 & are n[ conv]t+ x 
to ,g]man & ,prote/ant4 ,! fai5ce made  
"h has nev] tak5 s high a place z t made
 at ! o!r fabriques ,i h m5tion$4 ,b "s 
( ! decorat$ pieces--vases especially--7
 ( good =m & pleas+ color+4 ,! mo/      
common pa9t+ 0 roses & fl[]s1 9 a free1 
bold1 & r r\gh /yle4 ,sometimes ?is has 
be5 conf\nd$ ) delft2 b x is q diff]5t4 
,x m resembles ! pott]y made at         
,m>seilles4  ,"s ( ! m>ks on ! fai5ce   
are l ^? on ! porcela9 :i* 0 made "h = a
 %ort "t2 ^! 7 an ,h4 or ,p4 ,h4 comb9$1
 indicat+ ! mak]'s "n--,hannong4  ,!    
,,m>seilles pott]ies 7 9 full activity  
at ! beg9n+ ( ! #agjj's--a s+le piece   
exi/s :i* is m>k$ #afig4 ,9 ! middle (  
?is c5tury ! numb] ( fabriques _h       
increas$ to "s twelve1 employ+ ab\t two 
hundr$ & fifty workm54 ,all h gone d[n4 

,! fai5ce made "h foll[$ t ( ,m\/i]s =  
its be/ "w1 & t ( ,/rasb\rg = ! m       
common4 ,! fl[]-pa9t+ done "h is said to
 be di/9ct f t ( ,/rasb\rg1 9 t ! fl[]s 
are p]ceptibly rais$ by ! pa9t2 :ile 9 t
 ( ,/rasb\rg ! pa9t+ is melt$ into !    
glaze4 ,a v pleas+ /yle ( classic vases1
 made "h 9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xv41 are pa9t$
 9 camaieu rose-color1 ! wrea?s &       
ornam5ts (t5 be+ 9 relief4  ,at         
,,s>reguem9es1 9 ! ,moselle c\ntry1 v   
beautiful fai5ce 0 made 9 ! la/         
c5tury--ab\t #agge--"s ( :i* 0 highly   
f9i%$ 9 ! la!4 ,"w 0 made !re1 too1 )   
:ite figures on blue & color$ gr\nds1   
mu* resembl+ ! jasp] w>e made by        
,w$gwood4  ,!re is an ext5sive pott]y n[
 at "w at ,s>reguem9es1 9 :i* great     
quantities ( dome/ic pott]y are made = !
 m>ket4  ,at ,,s9c5y1 ,,nancy1 ,,creil1 
,,montpelli]1 & _m o!r small places1    
pott]ies 7 at "w 9 ! la/ c5tury2 few1 if
 any1 ( :i* cont9u$ beyond ! great      
,revolution4  ,,p>is1 too1 _h _m small  
fabriques ( fai5ce1 b none ( !m rea*$   

mu* importance4 ,! "n ( ,briot is yet   
kept 9 m9d4  ,,to-,,day 7#ahgf7 ,france 
has bur/ into a great blossom+1 n only (
 porcela91 b ( decorative fai5ce4  ,9   
,p>is1 ,coll9ot has made a /yle (       
relief-enamel1 9 imitation ( cloisonn1  
:i* is ri* & effective 9 color1 & (t5 v 
beautiful2 _m h foll[$ him4  ,,b>biz,t  
has made & is mak+ ! imitations (       
,palissy bett] ?an ,palissy himself4    
,,brian*on has made & p]fect$ a lu/r\s  
w>e l "m-(-pe>l1 :i* he calls ,nacre2 x 
is pretty & fanciful1 & is v l :at is   
made 9 ,irel&1 & call$ ,belleek4  ,,dur&
 ,,ruel _h1 9 8 exhibitions 9 #ahge1 "s 
( ! mo/ sup]b & ri*ly-color$            
fai5ce-vases ,i h ev] se52 b ! "n ( _!  
manufactur] 0 n made kn[n4  ,,laur91    
,,*apelet1 & "s o!r arti/s at           
,b\rg-la-,re9e1 /ruck out a /yle (      
fai5ce-pa9t+ ab\t ! same "t--#ahgd to   
#ahge--:i*1 = ri*ness & my/]y ( color1  
fre$om & =ce ( design1 & = delici\s     
treatm5t--if ,i may call x s--has r>ely 
be5 surpass$4 ,x is orig9al1 & diff]5t f

 any?+ ! ,ori5tals h done1 & q z good4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf4--,limoges     
,fai5ce4  ,! ,,havil&s1 at ,limoges1 h  
gone on ) ?is "w1 & h n let x falt]2 _! 
exhibition at ,philadelphia 9 #ahgf 0   
excell5t4 ,i v5ture to include my notes 
made at ! ,exhibition3  ,b1 9 ! way (   
e>!n-w>e1 no?+ 9 ! ,fr5* or ,engli%     
exhibits is at all equal to ! vases1    
bottles1 etc41 %[n by ,havil&1 f        
,limoges4 ,^!1 we 7 told frankly & ) all
 desire to  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4        
#hg4--,limoges ,fai5ce4  give ! arti/s  
_! due %>e1 7 model$ by ,l9d5*] & pa9t$ 
by ,lafon 7we hope we h _! names "r74 ,!
 =ms ( ! pots & ! relief-model+s are    
bold1 unconv5tional1 & excell5t4 ,!     
arti/ has /udi$ ,nature1 & art also1 b n
 to copy4 ,?is is true too ( ,lafon1 ^: 
lavi% & d>+ use ( color is rem>kable4   
,no?+ is niggl$ or petty1 z 9 ?is k9d ( 
"w no?+ %\ld be4 ,z examples ( real art1
 !y are equal to ! be/ "w ( ,*9a &      
,japan2 & a true man w\ld wi% r a hundr$
 su* vases z ! ,p5nsylvania ,indu/rial  

,museum has b\ght1 ?an "o ( ^? great    
vases f ,svres :i* /& 9 ! ,fr5*         
picture-gall]y4 ,?is is ! same k9d (    
art-"w :i* = a few ye>s has be5 done by 
,*apelet & a little b& ( arti/s ne>     
,p>is1 "s ( :i* has be5 br\ght to ,bo/on
 by ! ,h\sehold ,art ,company1 & has _h 
a t$i\s sale4 ,^! pa9t]s are arti/s 9   
color4 ,bold & /range z ! "w is1 no?+ is
 gl>+1 %[y1 bright1 or fla%y2 ?r\gh\t   
!re is t res]ve :i* indicates /r5g? &   
creates confid5ce4  ,i give also "s     
illu/rations ( _! "w1 :i* 9 a fa9t      
degree exhibit its excell5ce4 ,! color  
_c be express$ 7,figs4 #hf & #hg74      
,,deck1 ( ,p>is1 %\ld n be =gott54 ,i   
believe he is an ,alsatian2 he1 8 bro!r1
 & si/]1 are all f9e specim5s ( !       
,g]man-,fr5*2 !y h be5 at "w s9ce #ahei 
9 produc+ "s ( ! mo/ beautiful ?+s to be
 made2 & ! "w done !re n[ sells at high 
prices4 ,t4 ,deck is himself an arti/2 b
 _m o!rs are engag$ !re 9 mak+ fl[]1    
figure1 & o!r pa9t+s4 ,_! exhibitions at
 ,london h attract$ mu* att5tion1 & _!  

productions h be5 quickly sold4  ,no    
d\bt o!r arti/s are to-day engag$ at    
,p>is 9 ?is fasc9at+ "w1 :i* is attract+
 s mu* att5tion1 & fe$+ well ! desire = 
! useful & ! beautiful4  ,great         
e/abli%m5ts1 ) hundr$s ( workm51 are n[ 
9 full activity at ,nev]s1 at ,gi51 at  
,nancy1 produc+ w>es at l[ prices1 :i* h
 mu* m]it1 & = e-day uses are good4     
,mo/ly !y foll[ ! old designs1 & attempt
 little else4 ,z !y d n pret5d t ^! are 
any?+ m ?an t1 & z ! prices are v       
reasonable1 !y rea* a great sale4       
,,*apt] ,,ix4  ,,dut* ,,delft ,,&       
,,engli% ,,e>!n-,,w>e4       ,delft1    
,numb] (                                
,fabriques4--,ha>lem4--,pa/e4--,great   
,pa9t]s4--,viol9s4--,tea-,s]vices4--,a  
,dut* ,/able4--,broeck ,dut*            
,tiles4--,engl&4--,que5                 
,elizabe?4--,pepys's ,di>y4--,br[n      
,/one-w>e4--,! ,tyg4--,lambe?           
,pott]y4--,fulham                       
,pott]y4--,el]s4--,elizabe?an           
,pott]y4--,/oke-^u-,tr5t4--,josiah      

,w$gwood4--,*eapness4--,que5's-w>e4--,ja
sp]-w>e4--,flaxman4                     
--,cameos4--,basalt4--,! ,portl&        
,vase4--,prices4   ,!re 0 a day 7ab\t   
#afej7 :5 ! ,dut* t[n ( ,delft _h fifty 
manufactories ( e>!n-w>e1 & employ$ 9 !m
 ov] sev5 ?\s& p4 ,to-day %e has b      
"o--if ev5 t--& ! "w done !re has sunk  
into insignificance4 ,to ^? :o are fond 
( *ange1 ( excitem5t1 ?is w be a        
pleasant fact to "k2 x goes to %[ t     
,macaulay's prophecy1 t ! com+          
,new-,zeal&] w sit on ! pi]s ( ,london  
,bridge 9 ! good "t t is com+1 &        
moralize ov] ! ru9s ( ,london1 may come 
true--pleasant] = ! ,new ,zeal& savant  
?an = ! ,engli% /atesman6  ,haydn's     
,diction>y ( ,dates /ates t pott]y 0    
made at ,delft z e>ly z #acaj2 & !re are
 records ( its importation f !re into   
,engl& 9 ! "t ( ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iv4 7#acii  
to #adac74 ,! great indu/ry 0 und\bt$ly 
/imulat$ by ! close k ( ,japanese &     
,ori5tal porcela9s :i* ! ,dut* m]*ants  
at a v e>ly day & = s long a "t _h      

access to2 :i* !y br\ght to ,holl& 9 su*
 l>ge quantities1 & :i* by !m 7         
di/ribut$ ov] ,europe4 ,b ! co/ ( ^! 01 
( c\rse1 v consid]able = ^? times2 & !  
discov]y ( good clays 9 ,holl& gave !   
,dut* e facility = engag+ 9 !           
manufacture1 :i* !y _h ! wit to seize & 
! skill to develop2 s t !y 7 able to    
make e>!n-w>e ( good quality1 )         
cr$itable ornam5tation1 at comp>atively 
small prices4  ,! ,dut* 7 !n ! great    
trad]s ( ! _w4 ,!y soon s5t ?is pott]y  
f> & wide1 into ,g]many1 ,france1 &     
,engl&2 & !y got mu* money = x4 ,holl&  
grew ri*4  ,ha>lem 0 also a c5tre = ?is 
indu/ry2 b x made less impression !re   
?an at ,delft1 & w5t d[n soon]2 s t b   
little is kn[n ( x4  ,! pa/e ( ! ,delft1
 or at lea/ "s ( x1 is ( a f9e quality1 
s t x 0 work$ q ?91 & yet pres]v$       
suffici5t /r5g? = use4 ,to make ?is1 a  
good deal ( pa9s & skill 0 appli$ to x  
be=e x w5t to ! deft h& ( ! model]4  ,( 
c\rse1 ! great production at ,delft 0 = 
! uses ( ! table1 & its "w did mu* to   

effect a revolution 9 ! h\sehold-art ( !
 table4 ,be=e ?is production ! plates & 
di%es ( ! common p 7 ( wood or tre2 (t5 
only a squ>e bit ( bo>d ^u :i* ! meat   
c\ld be laid & cut4 ,! bett]-(f p _h    
plates ( pewt]1 & k+s & pr9ces indulg$ 9
 ^? ( silv]4  ,boitet1 writ+ 9 #affg (  
,delft1 says3  ,"o ( ! pr9cipal bran*es 
( indu/ry at pres5t consi/s 9 !         
manufacture ( a k9d ( porcela9#h :i*    
n[h]e 9 ,europe is made ( su* f9e       
quality & s *eap4 ,= "s ye>s1 inde$1    
porcela9 has be5 manufactur$ 9 ,saxony1 
& also at "s places 9 ,france4 ,! =m] is
 f9] ?an t made at ,delft1 b m exp5sive 
likewise1 & !re=e n mu* 9 g5]al use2    
:]eas ! ,delft porcela91 on acc\nt ( its
 m mod]ate price1 is m salable2 & x is  
s5t n alone to mo/ places 9 ,europe1 b  
ev5 to ,asia also4 ,! clay ( :i* x is   
made comes f ! neighborhood ( ,mae/ri*t1
 & is purifi$ 9 ,delft by div]s         
processes4 ,besides l>g] articles =     
g5]al use1 complete s]vices are made "h1
 ornam5t$ ) escut*eons1 z !y may be     

desir$1 beautifully gilt & pa9t$1 almo/ 
equal to ! ,ea/ ,indian 9 transp>5cy1 & 
surpass+ su* 9 ! pa9t+4 ,_m p]sons (    
prop]ty h su* sets ) _! escut*eons made 
"h1 :i* !n pass = ,japan or ,*9ese      
porcela94  ,we mu/ receive ,m4 ,boitet's
 judgm5t t ! ,delft surpass$ ! ,ea/     
,indian 7or ,*9ese7 9 ! pa9t+ ) _m gra9s
 ( all[ance4 ,/ill1 :5 x is kn[n t _m   
s]vices 7 pa9t$ ) l&scapes aft] ,b]ghem1
 & t ,william ,v&]velde1 ,van d] ,me]1 &
 ,jan ,/e51 pa9t$ "s ( ! w>e !mselves1  
we may easily believe t _m pieces (     
delft _h a "* ( _! own1 :i* gave x a v  
high rank4  ,i h myself nev] se5 su*    
pieces ( ^!1 & h>dly "k :]e to look =   
!m4 ,m>ryat says t 9 ! ,svres ,museum is
 a l>ge di%1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* is a       
l&scape1 ) animals & figures aft]       
,b]ghem1 :i* is "o ( ! f9e/ examples    
kn[n2 & t o!r f9e pieces are 9 ! ,japan 
,museum at ,dresd54 ,"s ( ^! f9e/ pieces
 are 7or 77 9 ! collection ( ,m4 ,demm9 
at ,p>is2 "o ( !m is a portrait ( ,jan  
,/e5 himself ab\t tw5ty-five or ?irty   

ye>s ( age1 ) fl[+ light hair cov]$ ) a 
cap or bonnet4  ,( ! pa9t+s ^u delft by 
,van d] ,me]1 ,demm9 enum]ates a numb]2 
among :i* ! ,head ( a ,woman1 a         
,l&scape1 & a ,view ( ,delft1 are at !  
,hague2 ! ,por* at ,delft1 ^u :i* 'le   
,taciturne' 0 assass9at$1 is 9 ! ,museum
 at ,am/]dam2 & a v>iety ( portraits1   
l&scapes1 city views1 etc41 are 9       
private collections4  ,demm9 describes a
 v elaborately-pa9t$ picture ^u delft   
tiles 9 ! ,gall]y ,su]mondt at          
,aix-la-,*apelle1 conta9+ a c\ntry-h\se1
 a figure ( a woman1 a well & a p]son   
draw+ wat] f x1 a pigeon1 a tree1 & !   
sunlight %oot+ ?r\gh x & t\*+ ! walls ( 
! h\se "h & !re4  ,?is v elaborate      
picture1 s well & m9utely pa9t$1 has be5
 attribut$ bo? to ,ruysdael & to        
,hobbema2 x is n[ ascrib$ to ,van d]    
,me]4  ,?is is "w :i* w br+ any price1  
because x is s difficult & s uncommon2 b
 x is n :at ,i %\ld value ^u delft or   
porcela94 ,x c nev] be s good z ^u      
canvas2 x is mu* m difficult to make x1 

& a small accid5t ru9s x pa/ repair4  ,x
 is n decorat+ *9a2 x is simply try+ to 
make a picture ) mat]ials unsuit$ = !   
purpose2 & its only m]it is t x %[s     
difficulties ov]come4 ,x is precisely ! 
same 9 pr9ciple z ! mosaics4 ,x w\ld h  
be5 idiotic = ,raffaelle to h made !    
,dresd5 ,madonna 9 mosaic or on         
porcela94  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#hh4--;,delft4  ,9 ! decorative "w ( !  
,delft pott]s x seems to me ! ?+s to    
desire are ! f9e plates & di%es pa9t$1 z
 _m ( !m are1 ) lum9\s blues almo/ equal
 to ! cele/ial blues ( ,*9a1 su* z we   
see 9 ,fig4 #hh2 & ! vases1 ! flagons1 !
 cups & mugs1 9 e /yle & %ape2 ! same   
?+s 9 poly*rome1 ) ^? bold gr\ps (      
fl[]s1 equal 9 _! way to ! "w ( !       
,ori5tals4 ,besides1 !re are ! figures (
 peasants1 etc42 also _! c[s & horses1  
:i* h a qua9t int]e/ n easily expla9$4  
,! ,dut* pott]s ran into _m ?+s1 su* z  
small foot-/oves1 b>b]s' bas9s1 ca/]s1  
salt-cell>s1 etc4 ,ab\t mu* ( ! good    
delft is t same qua9t1 c\ntrifi$ beauty 

( :i* ,i h spok54 ,x is good1 because x 
is real & native to ! p & its pa9t]s4   
,:5 !y left ?is & w5t to imitat+ !      
,*9ese & ! ,japanese1 _! "w seems to me 
almo/ wor?less2 because x 0 an          
imitation1 & x 0 inf]ior4  ,9 "o ( !    
l>ge/ work%ops1 or fabriques1 a cu/om   
prevail$ t "o %\ld read portions ( !    
,bible1 :i* all might he> & all might   
discuss4 ,?is 0 a "t :5 religi\s heat 0 
f]v5t2 :5 ! great que/ions ( *ur*       
direction & free ?\ght 7 rife2 :5       
,ca?olic & ,prote/ant (t5 w5t f !       
assault ( ! tongue to t ) ! arquebuse4  
,?is practice no d\bt made good         
,prote/ants1 b also )\t d\bt poor       
pott]s4  ,! mo/ curi\s pieces ( delft   
kn[n are f\r viol9s1 /ill extant1 v     
c>efully made & v c>efully pa9t$4 ,"o is
 7or 07 9 ! museum at ,r\51 "o at !     
,cons]vatoire at ,p>is1 ! ?ird 9 !      
collection ( ,m4 ,demm91 & ! f\r? 9 a   
private collection at ,utre*t4 ,! /ory  
/ill lives t ^! f\r viol9s 7 made by !  
ma/]-model]s = m>riage-gifts to ! f\r   

daught]s ( ! ma/] ( ! fabrique1 ab\t to 
m>ry f\r "y pott]s2 & t ! music = !     
dance 0 drawn f !m4 ,x 0 a pretty       
conceit4  ,"s elaborate d9n]-s]vices 7  
made at ,delft1 :i* requir$ mu* skill & 
mu* "w4 ,! cov]s ( ! di%es 7 model$ 9 ! 
lik5ess ( birds or fi%1 indicat+ :atev] 
0 to be s]v$ 9 !m2 ^! 7 pa9t$ c>efully  
to imitate ,nature1 s t ! gue/1 9 see+ !
 table1 w\ld "k if x 7 a turkey1 a      
pheasant1 a pt>migan--:atev] luxury _h  
be5 provid$ = 8 delectation4            
,,tea-,,s]vices4--,x is possible !re are
 p]sons :o believe t tea has always be5 
kn[n1 & t ! lovely tea-s]vices out (    
:i*1 we sometimes dr9k x h exi/$ f ! "t 
( ,noah & ! ,deluge2 n s4  ,pepys1 9 8  
,di>y1 speaks ( x 9 #affa z a ,*9a dr9k 
( :i* ,i _h nev] drunk be=e4 ,& at t "t 
x sold 9 ,engl& at fifty or sixty %ill+s
 a p\nd--an enorm\s price4  ,tea & c(fee
 pots 7 fir/ br\ght to ,holl& f ,*9a1 & 
d n appe> e>li] ?an ab\t #agjj2 s t ^?  
:i* came ov] 9 ! ,mayfl[] & !           
,half-,moon & ! ,ark mu/ h be5 made by  

,eld] ,brew/] & ,h5ry ,hudson & ,leon>d 
,calv]t f ! dep?s ( _! moral            
consci\sness4  ,tea1 we mu/ rememb]1 0 n
 drunk 9 ,engl& e>li] ?an ab\t #affj1 & 
!n b r>ely2 & c(fee 0 introduc$ into    
,engl& ab\t #afcg4  ,teapots h f "t to  
"t be5 a collector's fancy1 & p]sons h  
aga9 & aga9 got toge!r f\r or five      
hundr$1 ( all patt]ns & decorations4    
,no?+ w\ld be m pleas+ 9 ?is way at !   
aft]noon tea1 :5 e gue/ %\ld h ea* 8 own
 s]vice1 & e "o beautiful4  ,t ! use (  
delft-w>e = ornam5t ?r\gh\t ,holl& 0    
great is evid5t f ! numb] ( decorat$    
plates & vases1 _m ( l>ge size1 & _m %[+
 a c>eful /yle ( pa9t+2 ^! are n[       
con/antly com+ f t c\ntry1 & !y are n   
c\nt]feits4 ,mo/ ( !m c]ta9ly are rudely
 b effectively pa9t$1 & are v           
decorative4 ,^u a f>m1 n f> f ,am/]dam1 
! c[s dur+ ! summ] season be+ ^u !      
pa/ures1 ,i f\nd ! /ables c>efully      
cleans$ & :itewa%$1 & ! /alls & walls   
hung ) l>ge & gayly-pa9t$ plates &      
plaques2 & "s pieces ( brass-"w 7 add$  

to imp>t a desir$ brilliancy4  ,ne>ly e 
h\se1 great & small1 9 ! palmy days (   
,holl& _h m or less decorative delft-w>e
 hung ^u its walls & plac$ ^u its       
mantel-pieces2 _m ( ^! h be5 c>efully   
treasur$ up1 & !y are ! /ores f :i* ! _w
 n[ makes its drafts4  ,a favorite      
decoration 0 a g>niture = ! mantel-%elf1
 consi/+ ( ?ree cov]$ & two uncov]$     
vases1 su* z are se5 9 ,fig4 #hi4 ,!y   
are (t5 pa9t$ 9 blue alone1 :i* = a long
 "t 0 ! prevail+ color1 & :i* sometimes 
ne>ly equal$ ! be/ blues ( ,*9a4 ,! ones
 "h figur$ are ( an excell5t blue1 & %[ 
a religi\s subject--! ,virg91 ,*ild1 &  
,/4 ,john4  ,! v>iety ( decoration 0    
great2 b mo/ly ( birds1 fl[]s1 fruit1 & 
o!r objects ( ,nature4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig #hi4--;,delft4  ,aft]w>d ^!1 z    
well z plates1 di%es1 mugs1 etc41 7     
pa9t$ ) _m colors2 & "s ( ^! 7 q rude & 
g>i%1 to suit a l[ & g>i% ta/e4 ,b1 z   
decoratives1 ^! too h a c]ta9 value4    
,at ! small village ( ,broeck1 "s sev5  
miles f ,am/]dam1 !re 0 9 #ahgj a v nice

 collection ( delft = sale1 among :i* 7 
a doz5 or m l>ge plates ( ! be/ blue4 ,x
 0 ! collection ( a woman :o _h = a long
 "t be5 a deal] !re4  ,! t[n ( ,broeck1 
z mo/ "k1 has be5 a po9t to visit2 x 0  
at "o "t ! cleane/ spot 9 ! kn[n _w1 no 
horse or c[ or o!r animal be+ p]mitt$ 9 
its /reets4 ,9 ^? days x 0 a sort (     
c\ntry-seat = ! ri* ,am/]dam m]*ants4 ,x
 is *ang$ n[4  ,! m>ks ^u delft are     
mo/ly ^? ( ! individual pa9t]s1 & may be
 f\nd 9 consid]able v>iety 9 ,demm9's m 
elaborate "w4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4     
#ij4--;,delft ,plate4  ,fig4 #ij is a   
good repres5tation ( ! bold pa9t+ ( !   
,delft workm54 ,^! great plates1 :5 /&+ 
on %elves or fa/5$ to ! wall1 produce a 
/rik+ & pleas+ effect4 ,!y are n[ mu*   
s\ght =2 & ! high-class "w br+s high    
prices1 ?\gh n su* prices z ! ,italian  
maiolicas4  ,,tiles 7 made f an e>ly    
p]iod 9 ,holl&1 & dur+ ! sev5te5? &     
eighte5? c5turies 9 great quantities4   
,!y 7 us$ to decorate fireplaces1 /oves1
 walls1 he>?s1 etc4 ,! blue & br[n      

,scripture-tiles 7 made 9 great numb]s1 
& f\nd a wide & ready sale4 ,!y are     
rude1 qua9t1 & int]e/+--are n art at    
all1 b :imsical expressions ( a religi\s
 s5tim5t4 ,!y are /ill made 9 ,holl&    
almo/ id5tical 9 design & feel+ ) ^?    
produc$ ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago4   ,,engli%
 ,,pott]y ,,or ,,e>!n-,,w>e4  ,v        
primitive unglaz$ pott]y 0 made 9 ,engl&
 by ! ,britons & ,saxons be=e ! days (  
writt5 hi/ory4 ,"s acc\nt is giv51 9 !  
*apt] ^u ,unglaz$ ,pott]y1 ( ! r$ ,roman
 unglaz$ w>e f\nd 9 ,london & else:]e1  
:i*1 beyond any reasonable d\bt1 0 made 
l>gely 9 ,engl&4 ,an acc\nt ( ! use &   
production ( glaz$ pott]y 9 ,engl& w be 
9 place "h4  ,d[n to ! times ev5 ( ,que5
 ,elizabe? 7#aeeh to #afjc7 we "k t     
tr5*]s ( wood1 & cups & bottles ( wood z
 well z ( lea!r 7^! 7 call$ black       
jacks71 7 9 common use ev5 9 good h\ses4
 ,z late z #affc1 ,pepys1 9 8 mo/       
ent]ta9+ ,di>y1 says t at ! "l-mayor's  
fea/ meats 7 s]v$ on wood5 di%es1 & 7   
eat5 (f tr5*]s4 ,! common di%es 9 ,que5 

,elizabe?'s h\sekeep+ 7 ( wood2 :ile ^? 
= ! que5's table 7 ( silv]1 or possibly 
( pewt]4 ,^! silv] & pewt] s]vices      
prevail$ on ! tables ( ! weal?y till "s 
"t aft] ! introduction ( porcela9 f     
,*9a1 & delft f ,holl&1 :i* came 9 9    
consid]able quantities ab\t #afej &     
lat]4  ,! fir/ glaz$ w>e made 9 ,engl&  
seems to h be5 ! br[n /one-w>e1 :i*1    
,*aff]s says1 0 9 use d[n to ab\t #afhj1
 & mo/ly 9 ! %ape ( pit*]s1 jugs1 &     
bottles4 ,x did n at fir/ come into use 
= table-di%es4  ,aft] ?is di%es 7 made (
 co>se & gritty clay1 n at all equal to 
! delft-w>e1 ^u :i* a lead-glaze 0 us$ (
 a gre5i% or d>k-yell[i% color4 ,?is    
lead or plumbif]\s glaze cont9u$ 9 use =
 a long "t2 b :5 x 0 fir/ us$ 9 ,engl&  
seems unkn[n4 ,salt-glaze 0 us$ 9       
,/af=d%ire 9 #afhj4  ,"o ( ! e>lie/     
attempts at fancy 9 ,engli% pott]y is to
 be se5 9 ! dr9k+-cup call$ a tyg1 :i*  
has ?ree h&les1 int5d$ = ?ree fri5ds2 s 
t ea* c\ld dr9k f 8 own lip 9           
succession4 ,mugs ) two & f\r h&les 7   

also made4  ,at ,,lambe? x is believ$ t 
"s ,dut* pott]s made e>!nw>e resembl+   
delft z e>ly z #afej4 ,a pat5t 0 grant$ 
to "s pott]s by ! "n ( ,van ,hamme 9    
#afgf4 ,v>i\s pieces ( glaz$ pott]y )   
,engli% designs rema91 be>+ dates f     
#afdb d[n to #afhb1 :i* x is ?\ght 7    
made "h4  ,at ,,fulham /one-w>e ( a f9e 
quality seems to h be5 made by a ,mr4   
,dwight z e>ly z #afga4 ,?is1 9 !       
acc\nts ( ! day1 0 sometimes call$      
porcellane4 ,!re is reason to believe t 
a good degree ( advance 0 rea*$ "h1 & t 
! "w approa*$ t made at ,cologne1 n[    
call$ ,grs de ,fl&]s4 ,figures & bu/s 7 
also made "h1 a few ( :i* are /ill      
extant4  ,two g5tlem5 nam$ ,,el]s1 :o   
came to ,engl& ) ,william ( ,orange1 7  
clev] m51 & "o ( !m 0 a *emi/4 ,!y      
discov]$ clay at ,bradwell1 & e/abli%$ a
 pott]y !re1 :]e = a "t !y produc$ good 
w>e f ! r$ clay4 ,b curi\s eyes 7 at "w 
to discov] _! processes1 & "o ,a/bury1  
pret5d+ to be a half-witt$ fell[1       
succe$$ 9 do+ x2 & !n _! bus9ess 0 ru9$ 

& brok5 up4  ,f ,paul ,el]s desc5d$ !   
wife ( ,ri*>d ,lovel ,edgewor?1 ^:      
daught] is kn[n z ,m>ia ,edgewor?4  ,a  
:ite salt-glaz$ /one-w>e 0 made 9       
,/af=d%ire ab\t #agjj1 :i* has be5 call$
 ,elizabe?an4 ,?is (t5 _h designs made f
 a m\ld appli$ to ! surface4            
,,/oke-,,^u-,,tr5t1 9 ,/af=d%ire1 v e>ly
 became a c5tre = pott]'s "w1 z x is    
to-day2 ! c\ntry !re = miles be+ a /r+ (
 villages1 fill$ ) furnaces & ! h\ses ( 
pott]s4  ,x is n my purpose to attempt a
 detail$ hi/ory ( ! imm5se pott]y       
indu/ries :i* h be5 develop$ 9 & ab\t   
,/af=d%ire--pott]ies :i*1 = v>iety &    
ext5t1 h nev] be5 equal$1 unless p]haps 
9 ,*9a4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o pott]1 ^:    
life & "w h _h a di/+ui%$ influ5ce ^u ! 
pott]ies ( ,engl&1 to :om "s space mu/  
be giv52 he is ,,josiah ,,w$gwood4      
,born 9 #agcj at ,burslem1 he came f an 
ance/ry ( pott]s1 & he brea!d ! air ( ! 
pott]ies1 s t he may be said to h be5 a 
born pott]4 ,he 0 "o ( ?irte5 *ildr52 he
 grew up ) ! small am\nt ( s*ool        

education !n 9 vogue 9 t "p (           
,engl&--especially among 8 class (      
work]s--& 0 appr5tic$ to a pott] :5 he 0
 b f\rte5 ye>s old4  ,! ,engli% nation  
has 9 ^! latt] days gone into a sort (  
fr5zy ^u ! subject ( s*ool education1   
hav+ got ! impression t t w enable !m to
 compete ) or excel all ! nations ( !   
_w4 ,?is ,i believe to be a mi/ake4 ,i  
may1 ,i ?9k1 fairly po9t to ,g]many1 ^: 
commission] at ! ,am]ican ,exhibition   
writes home t ! productions ( ,g]many   
are m>k$ by lack ( ta/e1 lack (         
?or\ghness1 & lack ( hone/y2 9 o!r      
words1 ,g]many1 ) ! mo/ ?or\gh sy/em (  
common-s*ool education1 is di/+ui%$ = ! 
*eap & na/y 9 h] "w4  ,:at 0 x1 !n1 ,i  
may ask at ?is po9t1 :i* made ,josiah   
,w$gwood1 ?is uns*ool$ boy1 ! mo/ able &
 successful pott] ( ,engl&1 & p]haps (  
all ! _w8 ,i attempt to answ] x by /at+ 
my belief t he 0 n liv+ = ri*es1 b =    
excell5ce4 ,he work$ all 8 life to      
comb9e ! useful ) ! beautiful m & m     
p]fectly2 & 9 a surpris+ degree he      

succe$$4 ,?is 0 n because ( 8           
intellectual ability1 b because ( 8 s5se
 ( honor4  ,! _w has gone into a craze =
 intellect--n at all = hone/y4 ,i mean  
by hone/y n a sickly sort (             
consci5ti\sness1 :i* (t5 h9d]s2 b hone/y
 ( int5tion1 %[+ itself 9 "w4 ,to       
illu/rate my mean+1 ,i may say t my own 
exp]i5ce has be5 t ! l>g] "p ( mank9d   
are q will+ to %ab a ?+--to d x         
poorly--provid$ x w sell1 & give !m _!  
wages4  ,?is1 x seems to me1 0 j :at    
made ,w$gwood :at he 02 he c\ld n d t4  
,all ! "w ( 8 ,i h se5 0 done z well z x
 c\ld be done4 ,i d n mean t all 8      
designs 7 good or 8 decorations         
faultless2 b1 z x 01 x 0 z well done z  
he c\ld d x4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#ia4--,portrait ( ,w$gwood4  ,x seems to
 me t 9 8 portrait 7,fig4 #ia7 a good   
deal ( ?is robu/1 manly1 honorable "* is
 to be trac$4 ,i l to ?9k t ! face "h1 z
 9 _m cases1 is a sort ( promise ( !    
man4  ,i _c d bett] ?an to quote1 f "o (
 ,w$gwood's catalogues1 8 own words1 :i*

 are bett] ?an any s]mon1 bett] ?an mu* 
burnt-(f]+ & sacrifice2 :i* phrase ( !  
prophet %[s t !re 7 %abby fell[s !n1 ev5
 9 ! days ( ,god's ,jews4 ,i quote3  ,a 
competition = *eapness1 & n = excell5ce 
( workman%ip1 is ! mo/ frequ5t & c]ta9  
cause ( ! rapid decay & entire          
de/ruction ( arts & manufactures4  ,!   
desire ( sell+ mu* 9 a little "t1 )\t   
respect to ! ta/e or quality ( ! goods1 
leads manufactur]s & m]*ants to ru9 !   
reputation ( ! articles :i* !y make &   
deal 92 & :ile ^? :o buy1 = ! sake ( a  
fallaci\s sav+1 pref] m$iocrity to      
excell5ce1 x w be impossible = !m ei!r  
to improve or keep up ! quality ( _!    
works4  ,all works ( art mu/ be> a price
 9 proportion to ! skill1 ! ta/e1 ! "t1 
! exp5se1 & ! risk1 att5d+ ! inv5tion & 
execution ( !m4 ,^? pieces t = ^!       
reasons be> ! highe/ price1 & :i* ^? :o 
are n accu/om$ to consid] ! real        
difficulty & exp5se ( mak+ f9e ?+s are  
apt to call de>1 are1 :5 ju/ly e/imat$1 
! *eape/ articles t c be pur*as$2 & su* 

are g5]ally att5d$ ) mu* less pr(it to !
 arti/ ?an ^? t ev]ybody calls *eap4    
,beautiful =ms & compositions are n to  
be made by *ance2 & !y nev] 7 made nor c
 be made 9 any k9d at small exp5se2 b ! 
proprietors ( ?is manufactory h !       
satisfaction ( kn[+1 by a c>eful        
comp>ison1 t ! prices ( _m ( _! ornam5ts
 are mu* l[] ?an1 & all ( !m z l[ z1 ^? 
( any o!r ornam5tal works 9 ,europe (   
equal quality & risk1 not)/&+ ! high    
price ( labor 9 ,engl&2 & !y are det]m9$
 to give up ! mak+ ( any article r ?an  
to degrade x4  ,f all ?is is x n evid5t 
t ,w$gwood too f\nd 8 _w full ( %abby   
buy]s8 ,i ?9k s2 & t has be5 ! mis=tune 
( o!rs4 ,:ile ! buy]s are apt to        
vitup]ate ! workm51 9 too _m cases !y   
are ! culprits4  ,few w dispute x1 t    
ne>ly all ! manufactur+ & trad+ _w has  
be5 slid+ d[nw>d into %abb9ess s9ce     
,w$gwood's day2 & few w dispute x1 t !  
mania to buy *eap & sell de> always did 
& always w debase any p4  ,x is n my    
purpose to give any detail$ hi/ory ( !  

life & do+s ( ,w$gwood4 ,all :o are     
en\gh int]e/$ w f9d ^! 9 8 ,life1 by    
,llewellynn ,jewitt1 & 9 t by ,miss     
,metey>d1 bo? ( :i* are full1 & are     
pr(usely illu/rat$4 ,:at ,i c d "h is to
 call att5tion to "s ( ! mo/ di/9ctive  
?+s accompli%$ by ?is great pott]4      
,almo/ f ! fir/1 ,w$gwood p]ceiv$ or    
felt t !re 7 good & bad bo? 9 =m &      
decoration2 & he set to "w to secure    
p]fection 9 bo?4 ,:ile all 8 life he    
wi%$ to make1 & did make1 vases & o!r   
works = purely ornam5tal & arti/ic      
purposes1 9 :i* ! expression ( beauty   
alone 0 s\ght1 he _h t practical s5se   
:i* taught him to apply 8 skill & 8     
p]ception fir/ to ! production &        
improvem5t ( e>!n-w>e :i* came into !   
daily uses ( life4 ,out ( ?is came 8    
que5's-w>e1 :i* soon _h su* a reputation
 = =m & quality t x w5t 9 l>ge          
quantities all ov] ! trad+ _w4  ,f ?is x
 %\ld be kn[n t ,w$gwood made ! money ) 
:i* he c>ri$ =w>d ^? inve/igations &    
exp]im5ts :i* at la/ culm9at$ 9 8 f9e/  

works ( fictile art4  ,x may z well be  
said "h t ev5 8 art-"w made him no      
money1 al?\gh _m ( 8 pieces 7 reproduc$4
 ,! fifty copies ( ! ,portl& ,vase--(   
:i* m h]eaft]1 & :i* sold = fifty gu9eas
 ea*--co/ him m ?an he got = !m4 ,x is  
be/ to say ?is1 because "s m5 & wom5 ?9k
 t arti/s are sure to become ri*4 ,no   
man %\ld attempt to be an arti/ ) su* an
 expectation2 =1 :ile "h & !re "o is    
caught on ! wave ( fa%ion & borne onw>d 
to =tune1 ! numb] ( ^! is few4 ,no arti/
 mu/ expect a spe$y recognition = good  
"w4  ,w$gwood w\ld n h be5 ,w$gwood _h  
he n _h a f\ndation = 8 art-"w 9 8      
que5's-w>e4 ,^u ?is w>e a ^w (          
explanation may be desirable4 ,he e>ly  
br\ght ?is e-day w>e to great p]fection1
 n only ( =m1 b ( pa/e & glaze4 ,x 0 n  
pa9t$1 b 0 ( a creamy :ite2 &1 be+ at   
su* a small price1 x w5t into v wide    
use4 ,hav+ s5t "s pieces ( x z a pres5t 
to ,que5 ,*>lotte1 %e 0 induc$ to ord] a
 complete table-s]vice1 & to reque/ t x 
might be call$ que5's-w>e !nce=?1 z x is

 to ?is day4  ,?is s]vice 0 pa9t$ 9 !   
be/ /yle !n 9 vogue by ! two *ief arti/s
 at ! works1 ,?omas ,daniell & ,daniel  
,/eele4  ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable          
d9n]-s]vices made by ,w$gwood 0 = !     
,empress ,ca?>9e ,,ii4 ( ,russia1 = h]  
palace ne> ,/4 ,pet]sburg call$         
,gr5\illire4 ,x is ?us describ$ by      
,*aff]s3  ,?is spl5did s]vice 0 comm5c$ 
9 ,april1 #aggc1 & _h upw>d ( twelve    
hundr$ views ( ! seats ( noblem5 &      
g5tlem5 9 ,engl&1 & a gre5 frog 0 pa9t$ 
und]nea? ea* piece4 ,! =m *os5 0 ! royal
 patt]n1 & 0 made ( ! ord9>y cream-color
 w>e1 ) a delicate saffron-t9t4 ,! views
 7 9 purple camaieu1 bord]$ ) a gadroon 
patt]n 9 ,indian-ink1 & r\nd ! edge a   
runn+ wrea? ( mauve fl[]s & gre5 leaves4
 ,! two s]vices = d9n] & dess]t consi/$ 
( n9e hundr$ & fifty-two pieces1 _h     
twelve hundr$ & =ty-f\r enamel views1   
:i* co/1 on an av]age1 tw5ty-"o %ill+s  
ea*1 ! bord]s & frogs to ea* ab\t fifte5
 %ill+s m2 mak+ ! entire co/1 ) fifty-"o
 p\nds eight %ill+s & f\rp5ce = !       

cream-w>e itself1 a total ( tw5ty-?ree  
hundr$ & fifty-n9e p\nds two %ill+s & "o
 p5ny1 )\t calculat+ _m extras4 ,! price
 ultimately paid by ! empress 0 /at$ to 
be ?ree ?\s& p\nds4 ,9 ,june1 #aggd1 !  
s]vice 0 suffici5tly complet$ to exhibit
 at ! new rooms 9 ,portl& ,h\se1 ,greek 
,/reet1 ,soho1 ,no4 #ab1 :]e x rema9$ on
 %[ = ne>ly two mon?s4 ,! empress %[$ x 
to ,"l ,malmesbury :5 he visit$ !       
,gr5\illire 9 #aggi4  ,i may ref] "h    
also to 8 p>tn]%ip ) ,mr4 ,b5tley z     
ano!r ( ! important elem5ts ( 8 success4
 ,b5tley 0 a man ) capital1 & also a man
 ) an arti/ic s5se2 & he cop]at$ he>tily
 ) ,w$gwood 9 a desire = ?or\gh "w1 =   
excell5ce1 & = pr(it4  ,! arti/ic "w =  
:i* ,w$gwood is s di/+ui%$ is :at !     
pott]y collector is mo/ int]e/$ 94 ,?is1
 z ,w$gwood himself has said ( all good 
"w1 0 n ! result ( *ance4 ,f ! fir/ he  
us$ 8 own bra9s & ^? ( o!rs4 ,he /udi$  
:atev] he c\ld f9d to improve 8         
pr(ession1 & became some?+ ( a *emi/2 s 
t ! values ( clays & silex1 & !         

composition & use ( metallic oxides =   
color+ !m1 grew to be an art 9 !mselves 
9 8 h&s4  ,! "w ^u :i* ,w$gwood appli$ 8
 inv5tions & 8 art may be classifi$ 9   
?is way3  #a4 ,que5's-w>e1 = ! table4   
#b4 ,t]ra-cotta1 to repres5t porphyry1  
granite1 etc4  #c4 ,basalt1 or black    
,egyptian4  #d4 ,:ite biscuit4  #e4     
,bamboo1 cream-color$ biscuit4  #f4     
,jasp]1 or onyx4  #g4 ,a h>d porcela9   
biscuit1 = *emi/s1 etc4  ,he conceiv$ t 
he c\ld produce a pa/e or body s f9e1   
compact1 & homog5e\s1 z to be f9i%$ )\t 
a glaze1 &1 at ! same "t1 be susceptible
 ( receiv+ color 9 purity & p]fection   
?r\gh\t ?is body4 ,?is he succe$$ 9 do+1
 & ?is is :at is n[ kn[n ov] all ! _w z 
,w$gwood's jasp]1 or onyx4 ,?is is ! w>e
 ^u :i* he aft]w>d appli$ ! cameo       
ornam5ts 9 :ite ^u a gr\nd or body (    
v>i\s t9ts--blues1 sage-gre51 & purple4 
,at fir/ ! color p]meat$ ! :ole pa/e2   
aft]w>d x 0 appli$ on ! surface only by 
means ( a dip4 ,?is 0 begun ab\t ! ye>  
#aggf1 & w5t onw>d till ! end ( 8 life4 

,x is ( int]e/ = u to "k h[ ! beautiful 
cameo ornam5ts us$ on ?is w>e 7 obta9$4 
,! en?usiasm & ! s5se ( honor :i*       
inspir$ ,w$gwood gave him access soon to
 ! be/ p & ! be/ collections 9 ,engl&4  
,9 ! collections ( ,sir ,william        
,hamilton1 & o!rs1 7 ! exquisite        
intaglios f\nd 9 ! antique art-"w (     
,egypt1 ,greece1 & ,rome4 ,w$gwood took 
mo/ c>eful & delicate impressions ( ^!1 
& f ^! 8 c>eful & delicate cameos 7 =m$4
 ,n only did he draw ?us f ! anci5ts1 he
 also enli/$ ! be/ design]s & workm5    
:]ev] he c\ld f9d !m1 & among ^! ! mo/  
di/+ui%$ 0 ! sculptor ,flaxman4 ,x may  
int]e/ ! ris+ sculptor to "k t          
,flaxman's price = designs made =       
,w$gwood 0 a half-gu9ea ea*4 ,at ?is "t 
he 0 a "y man /ruggl+ into recognition2 
& he 0 glad ( ! opportunity1 z well z ( 
! money1 :i* ,w$gwood gave him4 ,8      
designs all be> unmi/akable indications 
( ,greek inspiration1 & he has be5 call$
 an ,engli% ,greek4  ,miss ,metey>d1 9  
h] ,life ( ,w$gwood1 quotes a numb] ( ! 

bills paid to ,flaxman4 ,"o 9 #agge runs
 ?us3 ,a pair ( vases1 "o ) a satyr1 !  
o!r ) a triton-h&le1 ?ree gu9eas2       
bass-reliefs ( ! ,muses & ,apollo1      
,h]cules & ! lion1 ,h]cules & ! bo>1    
,h]cules & ,c]b]us1 ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 
,jupit]1 ,juno1 ,m9]va1 ,ju/ice &       
,hope--= ea* ( ^! he receiv$ t5 %ill+s &
 sixp5ce2 table ( ! f\r seasons1 two    
p\nds & two %ill+s1 etc4  ,flaxman      
model$1 too1 a goodly numb] ( bu/s (    
di/+ui%$ p]sons4  ,models & designs 7   
also procur$ f arti/s 9 ,italy1 _m ( :i*
 7 made "u ! sup]vision ( ,flaxman :ile 
he 0 /udy+ & work+ !re4  ,( ?is jasp] 0 
made a great v>iety ( objects1 besides  
vases & tea-s]vices4 ,( ! la/ we engrave
 portions ( "o 9 possession ( ,mr4      
,wales1 ( ,bo/on1 :i* is z ne> p]fection
 z any "w ( ?is k9d c be 7,fig4 #ib74   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4--,old         
,w$gwood4  ,?is jasp]-w>e 0 us$ 9 _m    
ways1 z ! foll[+ li/ w indicate4 ,x %[s 
some?+ ( ! v>iety ( art-"w made by      
,w$gwood3  #a4 ,cameos & intaglios4  #b4

 ,bass-reliefs1 m$allions1 & tablets4   
#c4 ,k+s & illu/ri\s p]sons ( ,asia1    
,egypt1 ,greece1 etc4  #d4 ,bu/s ( k+s1 
emp]ors1 popes1 etc41 d[n to mod]n      
times4  #e4 ,heads ( poets1 pa9t]s1     
div9es1 etc4  #f4 ,bu/s1 /atuettes1     
animals1 etc4  #g4 ,lamps & c&elabra4   
#h4 ,ornam5tal vases & antique vases4   
#i4 ,pa9t$ ,etruscan 7,greek7 vases1    
etc4  ,s great 0 ! production ( ! cameos
 & antique ornam5ts1 & s greatly 7 !y   
us$ z articles ( jewelry1 = sett+s 9    
furniture1 etc41 t ov] two ?\s& diff]5t 
m\lds & designs 7 made4 ,we engrave "h  
"o ( ^! small cameos1 :i*1 h[ev]1 fails 
to convey a full s5se ( ! delicate "* ( 
! "w 7,fig4 #ic74 ,!y rea*$ almo/ !     
p]fection ( gems4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#ic4--,w$gwood ,cameo4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #id4--,teapot4  ,fig4 #id1 a     
teapot1 :i* is n rem>kable = beauty ( =m
 or execution1 is giv5 z an example ( ! 
"w done by ! ,engli% pott]s be=e        
,w$gwood's day1 to meet ! ord9>y wants (
 common life4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 m9d1 9  

e/imat+ ,w$gwood's "*1 t he comb9$1 9 an
 em95t degree1 ! arti/ic & ! comm]cial  
faculties1 & ?us 0 able to produce      
results ( a /rik+ k9d4 ,l ,%akespe>e1 he
 0 omnivor\s1 & br[s$ :]ev] ! pa/ures 7 
sweet4 ,all food 0 good :i* c\ld be     
turn$ into delectable milk4  ,"s ( ! mo/
 p]fect ( ,w$gwood's "w 0 made 9 ! black
 basalt2 :i*1 h[ev]1 lacks ! brilliancy 
t colors gave to ! jasp]-w>e4 ,! example
 engrav$ 7,fig4 #ie7 is f ,mr4 ,wales's 
collection4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#ie4--,w$gwood ,basalt4  ,9 #aghg ! mo/ 
celebrat$ vase ( antiquity1 call$ !     
,b>b]9i ,vase1 & n[ ! ,portl& ,vase1 0  
to be sold by auction4 ,w$gwood 0       
inspir$ ) a desire to possess x2        
probably ) ! int5tion ( mak+ copies4 ,he
 kept bidd+ ^u x1 b 8 competitor 0 !    
,du*ess ( ,portl&1 :o also 0 inspir$ ) !
 desire ( own]%ip4 ,f9ally1 :5 ! price  
_h rea*$ eighte5 hundr$ gu9eas1 %e s5t  
,w$gwood ^w t he %\ld h ! loan ( ! vase1
 if he w\ld )draw 8 competition4 ,x 0 s 
agre$2 & ,w$gwood set to "w4 ,he paid   

,webb] five hundr$ gu9eas to make !     
model1 = he 0 n all[$ to make a m\ld4   
,he !n produc$ fifty copies 7"s say     
few]7 9 8 jasp]-w>e1 ! body be+ black1 )
 a t+e ( blue2 ! reliefs be+ 9 :ite4 ,x 
0 z ne>ly a p]fect reproduction z c\ld  
be made by ! h& ( man4 ,z ,i h said1 !  
co/ ( ^! 0 m ?an ! price receiv$4 ,?is  
rem>kable piece ( antiquity is n[ 9 !   
,briti% ,museum4 ,x 0 once %[n to a     
craz$ man1 :o1 ) a bl[ ( 8 /ick1 broke x
 into a doz5 pieces4 ,x is1 h[ev]1      
?or\ghly repair$4  ,! orig9al vase is   
n9e & ?ree-f\r?s in*es high & tw5ty-"o &
 ?ree-f\r?s in*es 9 circumf]5ce4        
,w$gwood's reproduction ( x 0 pron\nc$  
by ! be/ judges to be faultless4 ,x 0   
exhibit$ at all ! pr9cipal c\rts (      
,europe by 8 son 9 #agia4 ,! m\lds are  
/ill 9 exi/5ce1 & o!r copies h frequ5tly
 be5 made by ,w$gwood's successors1 b !y
 are n equal to ! fir/ 9 f9i%4 ,we give 
a photograph ( ?is celebrat$ vase z a   
frontispiece4  ,miss ,metey>d gives !   
foll[+ acc\nt ( ?is r5[n$ vase3 ,!      

orig9al vase is suppos$ to h be5        
manufactur$ 9 ! glass-works ( ,alex&ria 
at _! be/ p]iod4 ,br\ght !nce to ,rome1 
x 0 us$ z a receptacle = ! a%es ( !     
fun]al-pyre1 z x 0 f\nd inclos$ 9 a     
s>cophagus ( excell5t workman%ip1 & ?is 
9 a sepul*ral *amb] b5ea? a m\nd ( e>?  
call$ ,monte del ,grano1 ab\t ?ree miles
 f ,rome1 on ! road to anci5t ,tusculum4
 ,! discov]y 0 made betwe5 ! ye>s #afbc 
& #afdd1 dur+ ! pontificate ( ,urban    
,,viii4 7,b>b]9i74 ,an inscription on ! 
s>cophagus1 :i* 0 o!rwise cov]$ ) f9e   
bass-reliefs1 %[$ x to h be5 d$icat$ to 
! memory ( ! ,emp]or ,alex&] ,sev]us1 & 
8 "m1 ,julia ,mamma1 bo? ( :om 7 kill$ 9
 ! ye> #bce1 dur+ ! revolt 9 ,g]many4 ,!
 vase1 t5 in*es 9 height1 0 deposit$ 9 !
 libr>y ( ! ,b>b]9i family1 & !         
s>cophagus 9 ! museum ( ! capital4 ,!   
mat]ial ( :i* ! =m] is compos$ 01 by    
,montfauon & o!rs1 conjectur$ to be a   
preci\s /one1 b ,w$gwood's exam9ation   
prov$ x to be =m$ ( glass2 ! gr\nd be+ a
 d>k blue1 s ne>ly approa*+ black z to  

appe> to be ( t color1 except :5 held 9 
a /rong light4 ,! :ite bass-reliefs are 
( glass or pa/e1 ! mat]ial hav+ be5 fus$
 on 9 a mass1 & !n cut out by ! skill & 
pati5ce ( ! gem-engrav]4 ,! subjects (  
^! bass-reliefs1 z also ! age & place ( 
production ( ! vase1 are po9ts s :olly  
unkn[n z to be op5 to conjecture &      
criticism4 ,) respect to ! fir/1 critics
 h diff]$4 ,!y h be5 g5]ally consid]$ to
 be> ref]5ce to ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies2 b 
"o ( ! mo/ le>n$ critics ( our own day1 
^: works on ',gems' are kn[n to e arti/1
 s*ol>1 & man ( ta/e1 consid]s t "o ( ! 
gr\p repres5ts ,peleus approa*+ ,!tis4  
,at be/1 ! vase mu/ ev] rema9 :at       
,erasmus ,d>w9 t]m$ x1 ',portl&'s my/ic 
urn4' ,w$gwood valu$ ! copy repres5t$ at
 two hundr$ p\nds4  ,i mu/ say = myself 
t1 hav+ se5 ! orig9al--n[ 9 ! ,briti%   
,museum1 :]e x is mo/ jeal\sly gu>d$--,i
 _c b admire ! c>eful & beautiful cutt+ 
( ! figures 9 ! designs :i* surr\nd !   
body2 b ,i did n :5 ,i saw x1 nor d ,i  
n[1 ?9k ! =m ( ! vase 9 any degree equal

 to ! be/ ( ! ,greek or ,etruscan vases4
  ,w$gwood's life 0 an active & a       
productive "o4 ,he le>n$ h[ to live1 n f
 books1 n 9 s*ools1 b 9 do+ ! "w 8 h&s  
f\nd to d4 ,he 0 born a pott]1 he rema9$
 a pott]1 & he di$ a pott]4 ,he did n   
e/eem 8 occupation a ?+ to be dropp$ z  
soon z possible1 t he might be some?+   
else2 or1 z _m p]sons are apt to d1 t he
 might d no?+4 ,"w1 to him1 0 n only    
honorable1 x 0 necess>y4 ,! old notion1 
t "w 0 a curse1 nev] ent]$ 8 s\nd head4 
,x is an honorable ?+ t 8 m]its 7       
recogniz$ :ile he liv$2 = ?is is r>e 9 !
 heat & hurry & competition ( ?is day ( 
ours4 ,be=e he di$1 9 #agie1 he 0 made a
 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society1 & ( !      
,society ( ,antiqu>ies2 & 0 recogniz$ by
 a l>ge numb] ( p z a ?or\gh work] & an 
able man4 ,s9ce 8 dea?1 honors h desc5d$
 on 8 head4 ,8 ,life has be5 c>efully   
writt5 by ,mr4 ,jewitt & by ,miss       
,metey>d2 & ,mr4 ,glad/one1 ,engl&'s    
able/ man1 has spok5 ) g5]\s &          
discrim9at+ praise ( him & 8 works4  ,9 

_m private collections1 z well z 9 all  
public ones1 ^! works are priz$2 & n !  
lea/ int]e/+ & valuable ( ^! collections
 is t ( ,mr4 ,glad/one1 n[ loan$ to !   
city ( ,liv]pool4  ,! prices :i* f9e    
pieces ( ,w$gwood's "w h sold = w be se5
 9 ! foll[+1 f a sale ( ,mrs4 ,brett's1 
9 ,engl&1 9 #ahfd3    ,plaques1 :ite on 
blue gr\nd1 ,virgil recit+ be=e         
,augu/us1       #g-a_/b by #ah in*es    
#dd   ,five gr\ps1 infant bac*anals1 #e 
by #bc in*es         #fd   ,bas91 )     
,cupids & figures                       
#aj  ,at a sale ( ,de la ,rue's1 9      
#ahff3    ,pair ( two-h&l$ seaux1 )     
satyrs1 gnomes1 etc4   #ci #ahs4   ,di%1
 nautilus-%ell                          
#i #ajs4   ,l>ge b[l on foot1 ) boys1   
fe/oons1 etc4           #bg  #fs4  ,bu/s
 9 black-w>e sold z foll[s3    ,de ,witt
                                        
#ag #ags4   ,s5eca                      
#ae   ,bacon                            
#aj #ajs4   ,v5us                       
#ae #aes4   ,cato                       

#i #ajs4  ,at ,mr4 ,m>ryat's sale3    ,a
 black tazza support$ on ?ree figures1  
#aa in*es              #f #ajs4   ,a    
pair ( black vases & cov]s1 ) :ite      
figures 9 cameo1       #ab in*es        
#df   ,a black lamp1 ) r$ figures       
#b #ajs4   ,a granite vase1 ) h&les1    
gilt ornam5ts1 etc41 #i in*es      #d   
#ds4   ,a wat*-/&1 ) ,cupid 9 relief 9  
:ite1 on sage-gre5       gr\nd1 #f in*es
                                        
#h   ,a c&le/ick1 9 =m ( a tree1 )      
,cupids ditto1 #aa in*es1  #af          
,/af=d%ire n[ smokes = miles ) ! fires (
 h] kilns1 & va/ quantities ( w>es are  
produc$4 ,)9 ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s a    
gr[+ desire has be5 felt to be/[ ^u ^!  
articles ( e-day use "s grace ( =m & "s 
decoration ( art2 & 9 bo? ! ,engli% & ! 
,fr5* pott]y ( to-day beauty & use are  
comb9$4     ,,*apt] ,x4  ,,! ,,porcela9 
,,( ,,*9a       ,difficulties4--,!      
,porcela9 ,t[] at ,nank+4--,fir/ ,mak+ (
      ,porcela94--,kaol9 &              
,pe-tun-tse4--,m>co ,polo4--,portuguese 

,importation4--,! ,city (               
,k+-te-*94--,jacquem>t's                
,gr\ps4--,symbolic                      
,decoration4--,inscriptions4--,! ,m+    
,p]iod4--,!      ,cele/ial ,blue4--,!   
,celadons4--,reticulat$ ,cups4--,!      
,crackle4--,v>i\s                       
,p]iods4--,individualism4--,m>ks &      
,dates4   ,no p & no civilization h be5 
or are /ill ( great] int]e/ ?an ^? ( !  
,fl[]y ,k+dom2 &1 spite ( mu* /udy &    
c>eful inve/igation1 ( none are we less 
c]ta9 ?an ( ^!4 ,?r\gh ?\s&s ( ye>s a   
peculi> p h develop$ a peculi> social   
sy/em--mo/ /rik+1 mo/ di/9ct1 &1 9 its  
way1 z complete z any o!r1 ev5 if comp>$
 ) ours1 ( :i* we l\dly boa/4 ,& n[ ?is 
s+ul> p--a p :o h gr[n into a population
 ( f\r hundr$ millions1 hav+ _! b>ri]s  
brok5 d[n by ! guns & rams ( ,engl&1 s t
 trade %\ld ent]--are !mselves com+ out 
to d ! "w ( ! _w *eap] ?an any o!rs c d 
x4 ,we see !m 9 ,batavia1 9 ,siam1 9    
,s+apore1 9 great numb]s1 z work]s1 z   
brok]s1 z m]*ants1 z manufactur]s1 & n[ 

!y are fl[+ a /eady tide into ,cali=nia2
 & :o c say :]e ! flood w rea*1 :]e x w 
/op1 & :om x w subm]ge8 ,no o!r "q ( su*
 importance n[ presses ^u u z ?is4  ,b  
"h we h to deal only ) "o ( ! mo/ p]fect
 & mo/ beautiful ( indu/ries--"o :i*    
seems to h _h its rise & its culm9ation 
) ?is /range p4  ,:at we "k ( x we c    
h>dly be said to "k4 ,! ,*9ese h always 
kept _! own secrets1 & h n c>$ to conv]t
 u to _! me?ods1 or to cat] to our ways4
 ,we !re=e ga!r1 "h & !re1 a scrap (    
in=mation ^u ! subject ( porcela9s2 we  
get1 :5 we c1 examples ( _! "w2 we try  
to le>n some?+ ( _! processes2 b1 aft]  
all1 c only submit :at we ga!r ) "s     
misgiv+s z to ! absolute tru?4  ,we d n 
"k h[ to spell _! names 9 our lett]s1 & 
!y v>y inf9itely2 s too ! inscriptions  
^u _! plates & di%es v>y ) ! k & ! fancy
 ( ! translator4 ,( c\rse1 we           
approximate to ! tru?1 b n m2 = no two  
,*9ese q agree z to :at ?is mo/ flexible
 writ+ may mean4 ,z to dates on !       
pieces1 "s c]ta9ty seems to h be5 rea*$2

 & su* is valuable4 ,i h add$ to ?is    
article m>ks & dates z n[ und]/ood by ! 
be/ au?orities 9 ,engl&1 & z arrang$ by 
,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,franks1 :o is ! late/     
writ] ^u ! subject4 ,! k ( ^! helps !   
/ud5t1 & is valuable to ! collector4    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4--,p\-tai1 ,!  
,god ( ,cont5t4  ,! op5+ cut 7,fig4 #if7
 9 our *apt] %[s ! ,*9ese god ,p\-tai--!
 ,god ( ,cont5t4 ,he is describ$ z      
corpul5t1 8 *e/ uncov]$1 m\nt$ ^u or    
lean+ on ! w9e-sk9 :i* holds 8 t]re/rial
 goods2 8 face1 ) half-clos$ eyes1 beam+
 ) an et]nal laugh4  ,8 image1 done 9   
porcela91 is f\nd 9 ! work%ops ( ,*9a1  
:]e m5 wi% m ?an !y c obta92 he allays1 
p]haps1 b does n qu5*4 ,?is image w\ld  
be mo/ useful--at lea/1 mo/             
sugge/ive--if x c\ld be set up 9 e b\rse
 ( ! ,we/]n _w4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#ig4--,! ,porcela9 ,t[] at ,nank+4  ,!  
,nank+ ,t[] 7,fig4 #ig7 once /ood ne> ! 
city ( ,nank+1 f :i* city mu* ( our f9e/
 porcela9 comes4 ,x 0 built ) bricks or 
pott]y1 ! face ( :i* 0 coat$ ) a dip or 

slip ( porcela92 & ! :ole ?+ 0 valuable 
& int]e/+ z a monum5t ( ! pott]'s art4  
,x is n[ raz$ to ! gr\nd1 ! la/         
de/ruction be+ t ( ! ,taip+ rebels4  ,! 
hi/ory ( pott]y is 9 a good degree !    
hi/ory ( man4 ,all nations h done some?+
 9 ?is way1 f ! rude clay pots ( !      
b>b>ians1 ?r\gh ! gayly-pa9t$ di%es ( ! 
incipi5t civilization1 up to !          
culm9ation ( ! art1 :5 p]fection seems  
to h be5 rea*$ 9 ,*9a ?r\gh ! c5turies  
ext5d+ up to ! sixte5?4 ,?is            
manufacture1 :i* rea*$ 9 ,*9a & ,japan  
to ! po9t ( f9e/ art1 has n be5 surpass$
 by any civiliz$ race1 if equal$4 ,i am 
unable to d any?+ b admire a p ^: workm5
 did & lik$ to d su* f9e & fai?ful "w1 &
 f\nd su* l>ge patronage = x2 & x seems 
a ludicr\s & /upid judgm5t = u1 :o      
admire & pay = ! sculptures ( ,mr4      
,mills & ,miss ,ream1 to call ^? peoples
 b>b>ians6  ,are !y n ju/ifi$ 9 call+ u 
outside b>b>ians8  ,?is *apt] w treat   
briefly ^u ^! ,ori5tal productions1 & ,i
 hope no apology is ne$$4  ,?ree ?\s&   

ye>s 7#bfig ,b4 ,c47 be=e our ,*ri/ian  
era ^! ,*9ese 7 great pott]s1 _h rea*$  
to a high po9t 9 =m & decoration2 &     
porcela91 ! f9e/ pott]y1 began to be    
made "s two hundr$ ye>s be=e our era4   
,at t "t our ance/ors 7 9 a /ate (      
gross1 if n bea/ly1 b>b>ism2 :ile !y %[$
 skill1 ta/e1 ref9em5t1 9 ?is & 9 o!r   
ways4  ,z late z ! sev5te5? c5tury cups 
& tr5*]s ( hone/ tre1 or wood1 7 us$ 9 !
 be/ ca/les ( ,engl&1 & ! di%es 7 (t5   
squ>e bits ( bo>d2 & d[n ev5 to a mu*   
lat] day ! f+]s 7 us$ to c>ry ! meat to 
! m\?4  ,"s two hundr$ ye>s1 !n1 be=e   
,*ri/1 x appe>s t ! ,*9ese _h discov]$ &
 appli$ to ! mak+ ( porcela9 two f9e    
clays1 "o call$ kaol91 & ! o!r          
pe-tun-tse2 ! fir/ is a decay$ feldsp>2 
comb9$1 ^! clays produce ! f9e          
semi-transp>5t body :i* we call *9a or  
porcela94 ,all *9a1 !n1 has 9 a great]  
or less degree ?is quality (            
transluc5cy4 ,x appe>s1 !re=e1 t mo/ ( !
 ,canton w>e br\ght to u is n porcela9  
at all1 b simply a k9d ( /one or e>!n   

w>e1 coat$ ) an enamel or slip1 :i*     
sometimes may conta9 porcela94  ,s1 too1
 ! mo/ beautiful ,satsuma w>e f ,japan  
is n porcela91 b a f9e sort ( pott]y or 
e>!n-w>e1 ! decoration ( :i* is mo/ m>k$
 & h>moni\s4  ,= m ?an two ?\s& ye>s !  
hea!n ,*9ee has be5 work+ at !          
production ( porcela9--& app>5tly mo/   
intellig5tly & skillfully4 ,he has      
accompli%$ ?is3  #a4 ,! mat]ials us$ are
 select$ ) ! greate/ c>e4  #b4 ,!y are  
comb9$1 & gr\nd1 & mix$1 ) consummate k4
  #c4 ,! articles desir$ are turn$ &    
model$ ) great precision & dext]ity1    
(t5times ) ! ke5e/ p]ception ( beauty ( 
l9e4  #d4 ,! decorations exhibit an     
exquisite feel+ z to value & h>mony (   
color1 & fre$om ( design4  ,?is         
comb9ation ( k1 skill1 & ta/e1 ! ,*9ese 
7 ! fir/ to comb9e 9 pott]y & porcela91 
& !y h n be5 excell$4  ,to ^? :o are    
ignorant1 x seems a v paltry ?+ to make 
a d9n]-plate2 b to make a p]fect "o     
requires mo/ ( ! be/ faculties ( man4   
,ignorant & fooli% p hold ! *9a-lov]s 9 

contempt2 we reciprocate3 we believe t !
 man :o does n p]ceive & enjoy all ?is  
beautiful h&iwork is willfully ignorant 
or pitiably /upid3 he has our pity & our
 pray]s4  ,traces ( porcela9 are f\nd 9 
! anci5t tombs & among ! mummies (      
,egypt1 9 ! =m ( small bottles z "h %[n 
7,fig4 #ih74 ,j :at 0 _! use or         
significance we d n "k2 b "s ?9k !y     
prove t int]c\rse exi/$ betwe5 ^?       
c\ntries 9 v e>ly days4  ,m>co ,polo    
visit$ ,*9a 9 ! latt] half ( ! ?irte5?  
c5tury1 & he told ( ! great factories = 
! production ( porcela9 !re2 & h[ c]ta9 
k9ds ( e>? 7 collect$1 &1 aft] be+      
expos$ to air & ra9s = ?irty or =ty     
ye>s1 7 !n fit to be made into cups &   
b[ls4 ,great quantities 7 sold 9 ! city4
 ,= a ,v5etian groat y may pur*ase eight
 porcela9 cups4  ,beg9n+ ( c\rse )      
useful articles simply1 ?is manufacture 
progress$ until pots & vases & di%es 7  
made = purely decorative purposes4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih4--,porcela9    
,bottle1 f ,egyptian ,tomb4  ,z porcela9

 0 introduc$ into ,europe by !          
,portuguese ab\t ! ye> #aeah1 we are    
oblig$ to pi]ce into ! dimness ( ! pa/ )
 ! aid ( ! ,*9ese !mselves4 ,m4         
,juli51#i a ,fr5*man1 has compil$ f !   
,*9ese writ+s mo/ly all we "k1 "s p>ts (
 :i* may come into ?is *apt]4           
,jacquem>t1 ,m>ryat1 ,*aff]s1 ,demm91 & 
o!rs1 h drawn f him4  ,z e>ly z ! ,t*o9 
dyna/y 7ab\t #ehc7 f9e qualities 7      
produc$1 & ! c\rt ( ! emp]ors dem&$ x4  
,arti/s began to appe>1 & r>e & r>]     
qualities 7 made4 ,we f9d t diff]5t     
/yles 7 s\ght = & 7 held 9 highe/ e/eem2
 t ! ,ts9 held ! blue *9a 9 high        
e/imation2 ! ,soni or ,sui 7#eha to     
#fah7 gave ! pref]5ce to gre54 ,! ,?ang 
dyna/y 7#fah to #ijg7 requir$ t x %\ld  
be :ite2 & 9 #fba ,ho made porcela9 = ! 
emp]or ( a :ite gr\nd1 brilliant z jade2
 :ile ! ,emp]or ,t*i-tsong 7#ied to     
#iei7 gave 8 family "n to a beautiful   
blue1 ! mo/ highly e/eem$ ( all ! anci5t
 porcela9s ( ,*9a4#aj ,h[ f9e ?is 0 we  
_c "k1 z x is n likely t any piece ( x  

exi/s ) u1 ev5 if among ! ,*9ese4 ,!    
production grew1 until 9 #acfi 9 ! city 
( ,k+-te-*91 accord+ to ! /atem5t (     
,fa!r d',entrecolles1 x 0 e/imat$ at a  
million pieces a ye>4 ,a va/ & v>i$     
indu/ry 9 mak+ *9a 0 c>ri$ =w>d "h1 d[n 
ev5 to ! pres5t times1 :5 ! ,taip+      
rebels 7:o we are told 7 ,*ri/ians7     
completely de/roy$ x4  ,f ! acc\nts1    
mo/ly ( ! ,fr5* mission>ies1 x seems t  
:ile ! ?ree ?\s& furnaces at ,k+-te-*9  
bak$ ! porcela9 :i* 0 model$ !re1 x 0   
tak5 to ,nank+ & ,canton to be decorat$2
 &1 z f> z we "k1 ! pa9t+ ( ,nank+ 0    
sup]ior to t ( ,canton4 ,k+-te-*9 is    
swept away1 & ,nank+ is almo/ de/roy$2 s
 t we c expect no m f9e art-"w 9        
porcela9 f ,*9a4  ,x is likely1 h[ev]1 t
 mu* decoration 0 done at ! great city (
 ,k+-te-*92 b :at we "k n[ z ! cele/ial 
or ,nank+ blue 0 probably done at       
,nank+2 ( ?is m w be said 9 ! progress (
 ?is *apt]4  ,x is impossible "h to     
dwell ^u or to "k mu* ( ! v>i\s         
descriptions ( *9a made d[n to ! p]iod (

 ! ,m+ dyna/y 7#acfh to #afdi74 ,^u !   
productions ( ?is p]iod ! ,*9ese        
collectors & antiqu>ies place ! highe/  
value--9 _m cases mu* great] ev5 ?an is 
n[ giv5 to !m 9 ,europe4  ,"s examples (
 ?is p]iod are to be se5 9 ,europe & a  
few 9 ,am]ica4  ,"o ( our commission]s1 
:o met ! ,*9ese & ,japanese at ! ,vi5na 
,exposition1 0 told by !m t !y 7 pur*as+
 *oice pieces ( porcela91 int5d+ to take
 !m back to _! c\ntries1 :]e !y are m   
valuable ?an 9 ,europe3 =1 f ! e>lie/   
days1 x seems t bo? ! ,*9ese & ,japanese
 h be5 ke5 critics & lov]s ( ?is mo/    
fasc9at+ "w4  ,jacquem>t & o!rs h       
attempt$ to arrange ! decorat$ "w into  
gr\ps z foll[s3  ,! ,,ar*aic--( :i*     
p]haps none exi/s4  ,!                  
,,*rysan!mo-,p,,oni5ne4  ,!             
,,famille-,,v]t1 or ,,gre54  ,!         
,,famille-,,rose1 or ,,p9k4  ,besides ^!
 are _m sub-v>ieties4 ,^! gr\ps indicate
 ! /yle ( decoration ( :i* we %all      
attempt to give "s sket*es1 al?\gh1 z !y
 want color1 !y mu/ necess>ily be fa9t4 

,! *rysan!mo-poni5ne exhibits ! use 9   
v>i\s ways ( ! *rysan!mum & peony4 ,we  
give "h examples to %[ ! /yle (         
decoration1 z f> z we are able to d x   
)\t color4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4        
#ii4--,pot f ,mrs4 ,burl+ame's          
,collection4  ,fig4 #ii is a pot f ,mrs4
 ,burl+ame's collection4 ,x /&s ab\t    
tw5ty in*es high1 & is a f9e example ( !
 e>ly /yle ( "w4 ,! pa/e & glaze are n s
 good z 9 ! rose family1 b /ill all is  
excell5t4 ,! *rysan!mums are yell[1 r$1 
& black4 ,?is "w is no d\bt v old4  ,we 
give 7,fig4 #ajj7 a sket* ( a small     
snuff-bottle f ! same collection1 drawn 
! real size4 ,x is a p]fect piece ( "w3 
! pa/e  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj4--;,f 
,mrs4 ,burl+ame's ,collection4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja4--;,f ,mrs4   
,burl+ame's ,collection4  is a f9e :ite2
 ! ov]turn$ pres]ve-pot is a cle>       
lemon-yell[1 ) a little color 9 ! r+s2 !
 gras%opp] is alive & is brilliant )    
gre5s1 blacks1 & blues4 ,! /opp] is a   
bit ( purple ame?y/4 ,x is s complete t 

x fills ! m9d ) satisfaction1 m ?or\gh  
?an ! sight ( ,/4 ,pet]'s c give4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajb4--;,*9ese     
,vase4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc4--;,f 
,miss ,wyman's ,collection4  ,!         
famille-v]t1 or gre51 is s call$ because
 a cle>1 brilliant gre5 is ! only or    
prevail+ color4  ,! plate "h %[n 7,fig4 
#aja7 is also f ,mrs4 ,burl+ame's       
collection4 ,! pa/e is a brilliant :ite1
 ! glaze p]fect2 & ! dragons1 9 gre51 h 
all t fre$om & fancy = :i* ! e>ly ,*9ese
 arti/s 7 rem>kable4  ,! vase1 ,fig4    
#ajb1 also belong+ to ! gre5-family1 f  
,jacquem>t1 is a beautiful example ( ?is
 /yle ( "w4 ,! figures are mo/ deftly   
drawn & color$4 ,! subject we suppose to
 be hi/orical4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#ajd4--;,f ,mr4 ,wales's ,collection4   
,! famille-rose1 or r$1 describes a gr\p
 :]e ! rose & ruby colors are ! di/+ui%+
 ones4 ,?is f9e color is produc$ f gold4
 ,ne>ly all ( ?is "w %[s ! color 9      
l[-relief4  ,?ree v f9e examples are    
giv5 ( ?is rose-family4  ,fig4 #ajc is  

an octagon plate1 ) an exquisitely fl[]$
 & diap]$ bord]1 f ! collection ( ,miss 
,wyman1 ( ,cambridge4  ,figs4 #ajd &    
#aje are equally good1 f ,mr4 ,wales's  
collection4 ,9 ?is class rank ! delicate
 egg-%ell cups & sauc]s ) rose-backs1 9 
:i* ,mr4 ,&rews's collection at ,new    
,york is s ri*4  ,9 ^! ?ree divisions is
 conta9$ mu* ( ! v be/ productions (    
,*9a4 ,! *rysan!mum & peony decoration 0
 probably mo/ 9 use1 & 0 made 9 great]  
quantities ?an any4 ,"s ( ! old] pieces 
( ?is %[ ! *rysan!mum 9 black 7,fig4    
#ii71 z well z 9 o!r colors4 ,! body (  
?is gr\p is n s f9e z ! two lat]        
descriptions1 b ! decoration is full (  
beauty & v>iety4 ,9 ! gre5 & rose gr\ps1
 ! pa/e1 ! decoration1 & ! color+1 rea*$
 p]fection2 & x is impossible to surpass
 ! be/ "w ( ^! classes4  ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #aje4--;,f ,mr4 ,wales's         
,collection4  ,b 9 all ?is "w !re is no 
imitation1 no absolute copy+ ( ! fl[]1 !
 bud1 ! l&scape1 ! lady4  ,! ,*9ese 7   
fond ( a symbolic or fabul\s decoration4

 ,! engrav+ 7,fig4 #ajf7 pictures a     
conflict go+ on betwe5 ! spirits or     
demons ( ! wat] & ! air2 x is mo/ free &
 effective4 ,?is vase belongs to !      
collection ( ,mrs4 ,burl+ame4  ,i saw 9 
,engl& a small blue vase1 at ,mr4       
,talb]t's1 ^u :i* 0 %[n ! ,tr9ity 7?ree 
figures7 9 a sort ( balcony 9 ! sky2    
b5ea? !m 0 a sea ( fire1 out ( :i*      
appe>$ ! dragon or devil spitt+ v5om at 
! ,godhead1 "o ( :i* 0 w>d+ x (f ) a    
drawn sword4 ,x 0 curi\s1 if n true1 &  
%[$ _! notions ( ,european beliefs1     
obta9$1 no d\bt1 f ! e>ly mission>ies4  
,! ,dog ( ,fo is "o ( ! sacr$ symbolic  
animals1 & 0 plac$ at ! ?re%olds (      
temples to def5d !m f h>m4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajf4--;,f ,mrs4   
,burl+ame's ,collection4  ,he has feet  
arm$ ) claws1 a great gr9n+ face full ( 
tee?1 a curly mane1 & might be suppos$  
to be model$1 by an ,ori5tal fancy1 f ! 
lion4 ,sometimes ?is creature has be5   
describ$ z a *im]a4  ,! fong-hoang also 
is sometimes pictur$4 ,?is is a /range &

 immortal bird1 :i* desc5ds f ! regions 
( highe/ heav5 to bless mank9d4 ,x be>s 
a fle%y head1 s(t silky fea!rs ab\t its 
neck1 ! body end+ ) a tail comb9+ !     
fea!rs ( ! peacock & ! argus pheasant4  
,9 v e>ly c5turies ?is bird 0 ! symbol (
 royalty4  ,o!r symbolic & sacr$        
creatures are (t5 pictur$1 among !m !   
kyl91 :i* 0 believ$ to =etell good      
=tune4  ,its body is cov]$ ) scales2 its
 bran*$ head repres5ts t ( ! dragon2 its
 f\r delicate feet are t]m9at$ by clov5 
ho(s1 resembl+ ^? ( a /ag2 x is s g5tle 
& b5evol5t1 not)/&+ its =midable aspect1
 t x avoids1 9 its light /ep1 to tread  
"u foot ! smalle/ worm4#aa  ,! dragon1  
symbol !re ( empire & p[]1 is ?us       
describ$3  ,x is ! l>ge/ ( reptiles )   
feet & scales2 x c make itself d>k or   
lum9\s1 subtile & ?91 or heavy & ?ick2 c
 %ort5 or l5g!n itself at pleasure4 ,9 !
 spr+ x rises to ! skies1 9 ! autumn x  
plunges into ! wat]4 ,!re are ! scaly   
dragon1 ! w+$ dragon1 ! horn$ & !       
hornless dragon1 & ! dragon roll$ )9    

itself1 :i* has n yet tak5 its flight   
into ! upp] regions4#ab  ,! example     
7,fig4 #aja7 %[s ?is dragon z pictur$ by
 ! ,*9ese4  ,! dragon is %[n ) five     
claws1 = ! imp]ial h\sehold2 f\r claws1 
= a l[] rank 9 ,*9a2 :ile 9 ,japan !    
creature is usually figur$ ) b ?ree     
claws4 ,he appe>s to h be5 accept$ z !  
symbol ( p[]1 mu* z ! lion has be5 )    
,occid5tal nations4  ,! :ite /ag1 ! axis
 de]1 & ! crane1 express longevity2 !   
m&>9 duck1 affection4  ,symbolism also  
prevail$ 9 ! uses ( colors & ( fl[]s4   
,gre5 & v]milion ^u ! walls ( a h\se    
belong$ only to ! emp]ors4  ,! prim>y   
colors 7 appli$ 9 ?is way3  ,r$ belong$ 
to fire2  ,black to wat]2  ,gre5 to     
wood2  ,:ite to metal2  ,e>? 0 repres5t$
 by a squ>e2  ,fire by a circle2  ,wat] 
by a dragon2  ,m\nta9s by a h9d4  ,pots 
& vases 7 made = special occupations1   
su* z ^? = soldi]s1 gov]nors1 writ]s1   
etc4 ,jacquem>t describes a b[l 9 8     
collection3  ,x is a cup ( '! le>n$2' at
 ! bottom is se5 ! au?or1 seat$ "u a    

fir-tree1 9 deep m$itation2 8 ss1 plac$ 
ne> him1 p]mits him to modulate ! songs 
he may h compos$4 ,on ! ext]ior we see !
 s*ol>1 ) 8 elb[s on ! table1 surr\nd$  
by 8 lit]>y treasures4 ,he reflects1 & f
 8 =ehead1 :i* he leans on 8 h&1 issues 
a /roke :i* unrolls into a va/          
phylact]y1 ^u :i* ! pa9t] has trac$     
v>i\s sc5es ( ! drama to :i* 8 g5ius is 
giv+ bir?4 ,9 ,mr4 ,av]y's collection is
 an admirable example ( ?is cup4        
,vases1 figures1 etc41 7 made = religi\s
 uses1 & ^u ! h\sehold alt>s 7 plac$    
vases = burn+ p]fumes1 cups & b[ls =    
w9e1 images ( ,fo & o!r repres5tative   
deities4  ,use 01 at ! beg9n+1 ! motive 
= ! production ( all fictile di%es2 &   
*9a 0 at fir/1 & x has always be51 made 
= ! purposes ( ! table4 ,twelve small   
di%es ( f9e porcela9 7 pres5t$ to ,mrs4 
,burl+ame :ile at ,pek+2 & ! high       
complim5t 0 enhanc$ by ! fact t !y 7 s5t
 to h] unwa%$ aft] !y _h be5 eat5 f by !
 ,*9ese own]4 ,! pa/e & glaze are       
excell5t1 & ! decoration ( ! outsides   

exquisite2 b ! insides %[ pa9t+ ( a mu* 
common] type4  ,a gift ( ?is k9d is     
consid]$ ! height ( c\rtesy 9 ,*9a1 :]e 
! visitor is treat$ z a fri5d4  ,9      
,*9ese h\ses are f\nd decorative pieces 
( ! highe/ excell5ce & value4 ,x is no  
uncommon ?+ = a piece ( r>e *9a to sell 
= a ?\s& doll>s !re4  ,_m ( !m be>      
inscriptions1 su* z3 ,a preci\s ?+ to   
(f]2 ,spl5did1 l ! gold ( ! h\se (      
,jade2 ,i am ! fri5d ( ,yu-,t*\54  ,!   
*rysan!mo-poni5ne1 ! cu/om>y decoration1
 :ile mo/ 9 use1 is1 s f> z ,i "k1 nev] 
se5 on d9n]-s]vices s5t to u4  ,i may   
ask att5tion to a *>act]i/ic ( all ! be/
 ,ori5tal art3 x is n imitative--n      
absolutely a copy4  ,! arti/ seizes !   
_s1 ! action1 ! color1 ( a bird or fl[]1
 &1 by a few f9e1 ke5 /rokes1 fa/5s !m  
^u ! *9a4 ,no attempt is made to display
 a botanical or orni?ological specim54  
,all is free1 bold1 effective--a sket*1 
b n a slov5ly "o4 ,x is n easy = words  
to expla9 ?is4  ,n[1 ! me?ods ( !       
,occid5tal & civiliz$ peoples1 z we call

 !m1 are ! rev]se ( ?is4 ,at ,svres &   
,dresd51 = example1 is to be se5 ! mo/  
elaborate1 c>eful1 & detail$ p5cil+ or  
imitation ( a fl[]1 or a face1 or a     
l&scape1 requir+ extreme & p]si/5t      
att5tion & labor4  ,?is is copy+--! _s  
is r>ely seiz$2 ! o!r is art1 & is      
c]ta9ly ! highe/ & ! mo/ satisfactory4  
,! ,ori5tal feels2  ,! ,occid5tal       
reasons4  ,! ,ori5tal p]ceives &        
creates2  ,! ,occid5tal criticises &    
copies4  ,h]e9 lies a supreme diff]5ce1 
suffici5t to expla9 :y s mu* ( !        
,ori5tal *9a t\*es ! imag9ation1 & :y ! 
,european *9a s r>ely does4  ,! ,ori5tal
 leads u away out ( ! region ( ! real & 
! commonplace1 into a /ate ( ideal &    
spiritual-s5su\s art4 ,he is nev] )\t   
body1 ! real "p1 ! base ( all life &    
art2 b he has glorifi$ x by a display ( 
! f9e & subtile ess5ce :i* may be call$ 
its s\l4  ,?is is n always s4 ,(t5 he is
 mo/ clumsy & rude 9 =m1 & common 9     
decoration2 b1 :5 he is an arti/1 he is 
! f9e/ we "k (4  ,x is probable t !     

,*9ese _h "s blue equival5t to cobalt   
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajg4--;,f ,mrs4   
,burl+ame's ,collection4  f an e>ly day1
 b ! real cobalt blue 0 introduc$ into  
,*9a f ,europe dur+ ! ,m+ p]iod 7ab\t   
#aejj74 ,!y at once seiz$ x1 & f x 0    
produc$ t *>m+ v>iety kn[n z ! heav5ly  
or cele/ial blue2 ! glaze1 ! clay1 & !  
color1 are all p]fect2 & x c]ta9ly      
des]ves its "n ( heav5ly4 ,a mania = x  
has exi/$1 & cont9ues to exi/1 9        
,europe4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ collections 9     
,engl&--t ( ,mr4 ,rossetti1 ! poet--0   
rec5tly sold4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ,mr4 ,av]y &  
,mr4 ,hoe1 ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,wales1 ( 
,bo/on1 & ,mrs4 ,burl+ame1 ( ,cambridge1
 h _m beautiful examples4 ,f9e pieces ( 
?is blue sell = f tw5ty-five to         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajh4--;,cele/ial  
,blue ,teapot4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#aji4--;,cele/ial ,blue ,snuff-,bottle4 
five hundr$ doll>s4 ,! color v>ies f    
light to d>k2 "s collectors *oose "o1 "s
 ! o!r4 ,"s pieces are kn[n z ! six-m>k1
 & _m atta* an add$ value to ?is        

evid5ce2 b x does n seem to indicate    
great] p]fection3 _m ( ! f9e/ pieces ,i 
h se5 h no pott]'s m>k4 ,)9 ! la/       
tw5ty-five ye>s a v active desire = ^!  
f9e blues has brok5 out 9 ,engl&1 :i*   
does n abate4 ,x has n be5 s ke5 9      
,france1 & prices h n !re gone s high4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaj4--,pot 9      
,bo/on ,art ,museum4  ,?is cele/ial blue
 0 pa9t$ at ,nank+1 & is a :olly diff]5t
 ?+ f ! ord9>y ,canton blue ( trade4 ,x 
is probable t "s ( ?is blue dates back  
to ! ,m+ dyna/y4 ,! color 0 mo/ly pa9t$ 
"u ! glaze4  ,?is lum9\s blue is no?+ l 
! turquoise1 :i* also ! ,*9ese c>ri$ to 
great p]fection4 ,! turquoise 0 produc$ 
f copp]1 ! cele/ial f cobalt4  ,! pieces
 ,figs4 #ajg1 #ajh1 & #aji are excell5t 
examples ( ! cele/ial blue4 ,fig4 #ajg  
is a l>ge vase ( ,mrs4 ,burl+ame's1 &   
has ! /ately palm :i* is mu* us$ 9 ?is  
color4 ,! vase is "s eighte5 in*es high4
 ,fig4 #ajh is a delicately-=m$ teapot1 
) exquisite glaze & pa/e1 ! blue %[+ 9 !
 res]ves & along ! h&le & sp\t4 ,x 0    

giv5 to ! writ] by a g5tleman 9 ,holl&4 
,fig4 #aji is a mo/ da9ty bit1 a small  
snuff-bottle4 ,!re are "s few o!rs 9 ?is
 c\ntry--two ( !m1 m\nt$ 9 silv]1 belong
 to ,mr4 ,s*les+]1 ( ,bo/on4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4                    
#aaa4--;,inc5se-,pot1 f ,mr4 ,av]y's    
,collection4  ,! ,art-,museum ( ,bo/on  
has n[ two exquisite pots ( turquoise   
blue1 b\ght at ! sale ( ,mr4 ,he>d's    
collection = "s six hundr$ doll>s4 ,we  
picture "o ( ^! to %[ ! =m1 & ! dragon  
:i* f9i%es ! top 7,fig4 #aaj74 ,! dragon
 is 9 d>k r$1 ! pot 9 turquoise blue2 b 
?is blue has ano!r & a r>e quality3 x is
 cov]$ all ov] ) delicate spots or dots 
( ! same color1 :at is call$ s\ffl--?is 
is said to be produc$ by bl[+ ! color   
?r\gh a f9e scre5 or gauze on to ! clay4
  ,! sea-gre5s 7cladons7 are among !    
r>e/ ,*9ese colors1 & "s pieces are     
?\ght to be among ! olde/--dat+ back    
possibly "o ?\s& ye>s4  ,! violets &    
crimsons are also r>e & beautiful2 !y   
are almo/ always appli$ to vases &      

bottles2 & are (t5 flam$1 spla%$1 or    
cl\d$4  ,! imp]ial yell[1 "s pieces (   
:i* are 9 ! ,gre5 ,vaults at ,dresd51 0 
nev] sold2 x 0 made only = ! royal      
family ( ,pek+4 ,i h n se5 x1 b x is    
describ$ z a v cle> & beautiful         
citron-color4 ,m>ryat m5tions two pieces
 9 ,mr4 ,beck=d's collection z hav+ be5 
sold = _! weight 9 gold2 !y w\ld n[ sell
 = t5 times t4  ,! small inc5se-pot     
7,fig4 #aaa7 is f ,mr4 ,av]y's          
collection4 ,x is a v pure lemon-yell[1 
& is qua9t 9 =m & peculi> 9 e way4      
,no?+ c be bett] "h ?an ! cond5s$       
in=mation prep>$ = 8 catalogue by ,mr4  
,a4 ,w4 ,franks4 ,x is z foll[s3  ,!    
t9ts are v num]\s2 we f9d1 = in/ance1   
sea-gre5 or cladon1 yell[1 r$1 blue1    
purple1 br[n1 black1 & sev]al v>iegat$  
hues4 ,^! glazes owe _! color to v>i\s  
metallic oxides1 ( :i* an acc\nt may be 
f\nd 9 ! ',hi/ory ( ,k+-te-*91' book    
vi41 section xi4 ,! exact t9t mu/ be 9  
"s measure due to ! am\nt ( fir+ :i* !  
vase has und]gone1 & ! mottl+s & o!r    

v>iations ( color :i* !y pres5t mu/ h   
be5 to a c]ta9 ext5t accid5tal4  ,among 
^! simple colors ! fir/ place mu/ be    
assign$ to ! blui% or sea-gre5 t9t1 t]m$
 by ! ,fr5* cladon4 ,x is probably (    
consid]able antiquity2 & x is rem>kable 
t ! e>lie/ specim5 ( porcela9 t c n[ be 
ref]r$ to z hav+ be5 br\ght to ,engl&   
be=e ! ,re=mation--! cup ( ,ar*bi%op    
,w>ham1 at ,new ,college1 ,ox=d--is (   
?is k9d4 ,by ! ,p]sians & ,turks x is   
t]m$ m]tebani1 & x is mu* valu$ by !m z 
a detector ( poison\s food4 ,specim5s ( 
?is porcela9 7 s5t to ,lor5zo de'       
,m$ici1 9 #adhg1 by ! ,sultan ( ,egypt4 
,x owes its pres]vation1 no d\bt1 to its
 great ?ickness4 ,! surface is sometimes
 cov]$ ) impress$ or engrav$ patt]ns    
fill$ 9 ) ! glaze4  ,yell[ glaz$        
porcela9 is mu* valu$ by collectors1 ow+
 to ! suppos$ sc>city ( specim5s ( ?is  
color1 x be+ ! imp]ial color ( ! reign+ 
dyna/y4 ,_m ( !m1 h[ev]1 be> dates ( !  
,m+ dyna/y1 :5 ! imp]ial color 0 gre51 &
 c !re=e h no relation to ! emp]or4  ,! 

r$ glaze is ( consid]able antiquity2 "s 
( ! vases made "u ! ,sung dyna/y at     
,ts+-*e\ are m5tion$ z resembl+ *isel$  
r$ jade4 ,"o t9t1 ! sang de boeuf (     
,fr5* collectors1 is mu* valu$ 9 ,*9a4  
,occasionally portions ( r$ glaz$ vases 
appe> purple1 ow+ probably to a diff]5t 
*emical condition ( ! color+-matt] 9 ^? 
p>ts4  ,blue glazes mu/ h come into use 
9 v e>ly times1 z blue is /at$ to h be5 
! color ( ! vases ( ! ,ts9 dyna/y 7,a4  
,d4 #bfe to #dai74 ,! t9ts appe> to h   
v>i$ greatly1 "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ be+ !
 blue ( ! sky aft] ra91 :i* 0 ! t9t     
select$ = ! palace use by ! ,emp]or     
,*i-tsung 7#ied to #iei74  ,! purple    
glaze is ano!r beautiful v>iety4        
,specim5s ( ?is color are m5tion$ z e>ly
 z ! ,sung dyna/y 7#ijj to #abgi74 ,!   
br[n & c(fee-color$ glazes d n appe> to 
be v anci5t1 z ,pre d',entrecolles1     
writ+ 9 #agab1 m5tions !m z rec5t       
inv5tions4  ,a brilliant black glaze is 
by no means common1 except+ :]e x is us$
 9 comb9ation ) gild+1 & is probably n v

 anci5t1 z a brilliant black is said to 
h be5 inv5t$ "u ! reign ( ! ,emp]or     
,ke5-lung 7#agcf to #agie74  ,! v>iegat$
 & mottl$ glazes may prop]ly be includ$ 
"u ?is head1 z !y owe _! appe>ance n s  
mu* to a diff]5ce 9 ! color+-matt] z 9 !
 mode 9 :i* x is appli$4 ,!y are call$  
by ! ,fr5* flamb1 & 7 no d\bt orig9ally 
accid5tally produc$4 ,accord+ to ,pre   
d',entrecolles 7second lett]1 section   
xi471 su* vases are call$ ,yao pi51 or  
transmutation-vases4  ,x is probable t  
_m ( ! specim5s :i* are cov]$ ) s+le    
glazes are ( a co>se w>e--r a k9d (     
/one-w>e ?an true porcela94 ,"s ( !     
glazes h be5 appli$ at a some:at l[]    
temp]ature1 call$ by ! ,fr5* demi-gr&   
feu4  ,porcela9-pa9t+ is done 9 two     
ways3 "u ! glaze directly on ! clay1 or 
^u ! glaze4 ,mo/ ( x is ^u ! glaze1 into
 :i* x is melt$ by a mild heat4 ,to %[  
to ! un9itiat$ :at "t1 tal5t1 & labor1  
are appli$ to pott]y & porcela91 x may  
be well to /ate t f9e "w requires _m    
fir+s1 & t ! delicate teacup1 :i* fools 

h>dly look at1 passes ?r\gh "s sev5ty   
h&s to rea* its p]fectness6 ,9 "s eyes a
 big ?+ 7ev5 if ugly7 is admirable2 a   
small ?+1 h[ev] beautiful1 is           
contemptible4 ,9 ! eye ( ,god is any?+  
small1 any?+ l>ge8  ,,enamel+ is a /yle 
( glaze mo/ly appli$ to a /rong]1 m     
opaque body1 (t5 n porcela9 at all4 ,!  
enamel1 :i* is made f oxide ( t91 may be
 appli$ 9 masses ( color ^u ! glaze s z 
to produce ! effect ( slight relief1 or 
cameo4 ,mu* ( x is beautiful1 b x (t5   
lacks ! f95ess & preci\sness ( *9a4  ,( 
! ,,egg-,,%ell *9a mo/ h se5 excell5t   
examples br\ght f ,japan1 :]e x is n[   
made4 ,! cups are turn$ d[n to an       
extreme ?9ness1 almo/ to t ( ?ick       
writ+-pap]1 be=e ! la/ glaze is appli$4 
,! olde/ egg-%ell 0 a pure :ite2 lat]1  
fl[]s 9 colors 7 appli$4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #aab4--;,gra9s-(-,rice ,pot4  ,! 
reticulat$ cups are v curi\s & int]e/+2 
! inn] cup = hold+ ! tea is surr\nd$ by 
ano!r pi]c$ ?r\gh its side ) a v>iety ( 
designs4 ,x is difficult to see h[ ^!   

c\ld h be5 bak$ toge!r )\t fus+ & fa/5+ 
!m4  ,! gra9s-(-rice cups are made by   
cutt+ ! design ?r\gh ! body1 :i* spaces 
are !n fill$ ) a transluc5t glaze2 ! cut
 spaces %[ :5 held up to ! light1 &     
resemble 9 mo/ cases gra9s ( rice4 ,!   
engrav+ 7,fig4 #aab7 repres5ts a pot 9  
,mr4 ,av]y's collection4  ,j :5 !       
crackle decoration 0 appli$ _c well be  
kn[n1 b x 0 9 vogue 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,m+  
dyna/y4  ,x seems t ! purity ( ! pa/e 0 
great] dur+ ?is p]iod ?an lat]1 & t !   
colors1 !re=e1 became m brilliant4      
,crackle *9a has long be5 priz$1 & mu*  
s\ght =1 especially ! be/ specim5s4 ,?is
 w>e %[s a network ( ve9s cov]+ ! :ole  
piece1 ! l9es ( :i* are sometimes fill$ 
) a color su* z br[n1 black1 gre51 etc4 
,x rema9s a my/]y to u h[ ?is effect is 
produc$1 ?\gh x is /ill made4 ,m>ryat   
seems to believe t ! crackle is produc$ 
9 ! glaze1 & possibly by subject+ x1 :5 
heat$1 to sudd5 cold1 :i* causes !      
contraction & crackle2 a close          
exam9ation %[s t ! crackles are 9 ! body

 itself1 & are aft]w>d cov]$ ) ! glaze4 
,?is decoration is curi\s r ?an         
beautiful4 ,! crackles v>y 9 size f a   
half-in* to a v f9e network2 & ?is la/  
is mo/ valu$4  ,mr4 ,franks gives !     
foll[+ z ! result ( 8 inve/igations3    
,?is is "o ( ! mo/ peculi> productions (
 ! art ( ! ,*9ese pott]1 & has n be5    
successfully imitat$ else:]e4           
,occasionally ,european pieces assume a 
crackl$ appe>ance1 b ?is has n be5      
int5tionally produc$1 & has be5         
subsequ5t to ! bak+4  ,!re is a         
consid]able v>iety 9 ! color$ glazes :i*
 are ?us crackl$4 ,"s colors1 su* z     
turquoise-blue & apple-gre51 seem ne>ly 
always to assume a crackl$ appe>ance2   
o!rs1 su* z ! r$s1 are r>ely affect$4 ,!
 color *iefly select$ is a grayi% :ite2 
! =ms are ar*aic1 & ) ornam5ts 9 d>k    
br[n1 occasionally gilt4 ,! crackl$     
appe>ance1 ?\gh n[ always artificial1   
d\btless owes its orig9 9 ! fir/ in/ance
 to accid5t1 & at an e>ly p]iod4 ,"s ( !
 vases ( ! ,sung dyna/y 7,a4 ,d4 #ifj to

 #abgj7 are notic$ z be+ crackl$4 ,!    
productions ( ! two bro!rs ,*ang1 :o    
liv$ "u t dyna/y1 7 di/+ui%$ by "o be+  
crackl$ & ! o!r n4 ,crackl$ vases 7     
call$ ',tsui-khi-yao1' "u ! s\!rn ,sung 
dyna/y 7#aabg to #abgi71 & are ?us      
describ$ 9 ! ',hi/ory ( ,k+-te-*93' ',! 
clay employ$ 0 co>se & compact1 ! vases 
7 ?ick & heavy2 "s 7 ( a rice-:ite1 o!rs
 pale blue4 ,!y us$ to take "s ,hoa-*i  
7/eatite71 p[d] x1 & mix x ) ! glaze4 ,!
 vases exhibit$ cracks runn+ 9 e        
direction1 z ?\gh brok5 into a ?\s&     
pieces4 ,! cracks 7 rubb$ ov] )         
,indian-ink or a r$ color1 & !          
sup]fluity remov$4 ,!n 0 se5 a network (
 *>m+ ve9s1 r$ or black1 imitat+ !      
cracks ( ice4 ,!re 7 also vases on :i*  
blue fl[]s 7 pa9t$ on ! crackl$ gr\nd4' 
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aac4--;,crackle   
,vase4  ,a diff]5t mode ( mak+ !        
crackles is describ$ 9 ano!r ,*9ese "w1 
& is z foll[s3 ',aft] cov]+ ! vases )   
glaze1 !y are expos$ to a v hot sun1 &1 
:5 !y h become hot1 !y are plung$ into  

cold wat] = a mom5t4 ,on be+ bak$1 !y   
appe> cov]$ ) innum]able cracks4' ,! way
 9 :i* ! size ( ! crackle is regulat$   
seems to be indicat$ 9 "o ( ! receipts =
 mak+ crackle-vases1 giv5 9 ! ',hi/ory (
 ,k+-te-*9' 7page #bad71 f :i* we le>n t
 ! mat]ial ( ! glaze 0 to be f9ely or   
co>sely wa%$1 accord+ to ! size ( !     
crackle requir$4  ,! diff]5ce betwe5 !  
pa/e & ! ?ick glaze is well illu/rat$ by
 fragm5ts ( anci5t vases1 "s ( :i* are  
exhibit$4 ,! int]ior is ( a co>se pa/e1 
ne>ly resembl+ /one-w>e1 & ( a buff or  
ev5 pale-r$ color4 ,?is is coat$ on bo? 
sides ) a :ite mat]ial1 9 :i* alone !   
crackles appe>4 ,?is illu/rates a       
passage 9 ! ',hi/ory ( ,k+-te-*91' :]e  
porcela9 is spok5 ( z hav+ r$ bones4    
,su* vases w\ld n be transp>5t4         
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aad4--;,f ,mr4    
,av]y's ,collection4  ,! ,japanese n[   
produce a crackle "u ! glaze1 & also a v
 f9e crackle 9 ! glaze itself2 :i* la/  
is probably mu* ! easie/ to d4  ,fig4   
#aac1 copi$ f ,m4 ,jacquem>t's "w1      

repres5ts a r clumsily-%ap$ vase ) !    
l>g] crackle1 :i* is less priz$4 ,fig4  
#aad is f9ely crackl$1 & is mo/ subtile 
9 =m4 ,x is 9 ,mr4 ,av]y's collection4  
,at ! end ( ?is *apt] w be f\nd "s ( !  
mo/ important m>ks = dates1 etc4  ,^!   
few are us$ by ! ,*9ese z symbolic3     
,illu/ration3 ,pe>l4  ,illu/ration3     
,sonor\s ,/one4  ,! ,pe>l is ! symbol ( 
tal5t1 & 0 sometimes us$ to m>k pieces  
int5d$ = poets & lit]>y m52 ! ,sonor\s  
,/one 0 = high judicial function>ies2 ! 
,tablet ( ,honor = m5 9 (ficial         
positions2 ! ,sacr$ ,axe = w>riors2 !   
,cockscomb promis$ longevity2 & !       
,outang or ,leaf1 ! ,%ell1 ! ,preci\s   
,articles1 _h ea* a significance1 & (t5 
indicate pieces ( *9a int5d$ z pres5ts  
or z expressions ( honor4  ,illu/ration3
 ,tablet ( ,honor4  ,illu/ration3 ,sacr$
 ,axe4  ,illu/ration3 ,cockscomb 7fl[]74
  ,illu/ration3 ,outang4  ,illu/ration3 
,%ell4  ,illu/ration3 ,preci\s          
,articles4  ,x is probable t _m ( ! be/ 
examples ( ,*9ese porcela9 date f ! ,m+ 

dyna/y1 "s ( :i* are to be f\nd 9 our   
public & private collections4 ,! hi/ory 
( ! manufacture !re s9ce t "t is ?us    
summ$ up by ,mr4 ,franks3  ,! tr\bles ( 
! lat] emp]ors ( ! ,m+ dyna/y1 :o       
succe$$ "o ano!r rapidly1 & 7 con/antly 
at w> ) ! ,t>t>s1 probably caus$ !      
porcela9-works to fall into decay2 we   
he>1 at any rate1 no?+ ( _! productions1
 nor h any dat$ specim5s be5 se54  ,) ! 
accession ( ! ,ts+ dyna/y ( ,t>t>s1 /ill
 occupy+ ! ?rone ( ,*9a1 a new p]iod (  
activity comm5c$4 ,"u ,kang-he1 ! second
 emp]or ( ! dyna/y 7#affa to #agbb71 a  
great impulse 0 giv5 to ! c]amic arts4  
,! long & peaceful reign ( ?is emp]or1  
ext5d+ to sixty-"o ye>s1 8 great        
und]/&+1 & ! assi/ance p]haps ( !       
,jesuit mission>ies1 l$ to _m           
improvem5ts 9 ! porcela9-manufacture1 & 
to ! introduction ( sev]al new colors4  
,x is probably to ?is reign t we may    
ref] mo/ ( ! old specim5s ( ,*9ese      
porcela9 t are to be se5 9 collections1 
ev5 :5 !y be> e>li] dates4 ,! w>es made 

"u 8 successor1 ,yung-*+ 7#agbc to      
#agcf71 d n appe> to h be5 rem>kable4   
,! f\r? emp]or1 ,ke5-lung 7#agcf to     
#agie71 reign$ = sixty ye>s1 :5 he      
abdicat$4 ,a l>ge quantity ( f9e *9a 0  
made dur+ 8 long reign1 mu* ( x exhibit+
 v ri* & m9ute decoration4 ,"u 8        
successors ! manufacture appe>s aga9 to 
h dim9i%$ 9 excell5ce2 & ! de/ruction   
caus$ by ! rebellion ( ! ,taip+s n only 
greatly int]f]$ ) ! ext5t ( production1 
b caus$ ! d[nfall ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ( ! 
fabrics--t ( ,k+-te-*94  ,z we h already
 said1 h[ev]1 ! native acc\nts d n      
furni% mu* in=mation t c be r5d]$       
available2 b !y %[ v cle>ly t at all    
times ! porcela9-mak]s 7 9 ! habit (    
copy+ ! works ( _! pr$ecessors1 &       
in/ances are giv5 :]e !y h ev5 succe$$ 9
 impos+ ^u ! be/ judges ( _! own c\ntry4
  ,! places at :i* manufactories (      
porcela9 h exi/$ or /ill exi/ 9 ,*9a are
 v num]\s1 no less ?an fifty-sev5 be+   
record$ 9 ! ',hi/ory ( ,k+-te-*94' ,!y  
ext5d to ?irte5 ( ! eighte5 prov9ces    

into :i* ! c\ntry is divid$1 b are      
especially num]\s 9 ,honan1 ,*ihkiang1 &
 ,kiangsi1 probably ow+ to ! pres5ce ( !
 mat]ials = ! manufacture 9 ^! prov9ces4
 ,! foll[+ is a summ>y3    ,*ihli       
#e   ,keang-nan             #e   ,%ansi 
#e   ,%antung              #b   ,honan  
#ac   ,%5si                #d   ,kansuh 
#a   ,*ihkiang             #h   ,kiangsi
               #h   ,sze*u5             
#a   ,foki5                #b           
,kwangtung             #a   ,hoonan     
#b  ,( all ^! manufactories1 ! mo/ fam\s
 appe>s to be t ( ,k+-te-*91 9 ! prov9ce
 ( ,kiangsi4 ,x has long be5 ! site ( a 
fabrique1 z 9 ,a4 ,d4 #ehc ! !n emp]or  
ord]$ ! inhabitants ( ! di/rict n[ call$
 ,k+-te-*9 to s5d him porcela9 vases4 ,!
 old "n 0 ,*ang-nan-*91 & ! pres5t "o 0 
assum$ 9 ! p]iod ,k+-te 7,a4 ,d4 #ajjd  
to #ajjg71 :5ce its "n4 ,9 #agab ,pre   
d',entrecolles /ates t !re 7 ?ree ?\s&  
porcela9 furnaces 9 ?is t[n1 :i* f\nd   
employm5t = an imm5se multitude ( p4 ,! 
manufactory has suff]$ sev]ely1 z we h  

already /at$1 dur+ ! rebellion ( !      
,taip+s4  ,porcela9 is t]m$ by ! ,*9ese 
,yao1 a "n :i* seems to h be5 br\ght    
into use at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,tang      
dyna/y 7,a4 ,d4 #fah71 be=e :i* x _h be5
 call$ ,tao4 ,! ^w 'porcela9' is        
,european1 possibly ,italian1 & is      
suppos$ to h be5 d]iv$ f ! simil>ity ( !
 glaz$ surface to t ( ! c[rie-%ell      
7porcellana71 :i* itself took its "n f  
its =m 7porcella1 a little pig74 ,m>co  
,polo employs ! ^w 9 bo? s5ses4 ,9 ,fr5*
 m$ival inv5tories ! ^w 'p\rcela9e' is  
(t5 f\nd1 & evid5tly d5ot$ a sub/ance   
:i* c\ld be sculptur$4 ,m4 de ,laborde  
has collect$ a numb] ( quotations1 9 !  
valuable ',glossaire' app5d$ to 8       
catalogue1 ( ! enamels 9 ! ,l\vre1 & has
 come to ! conclusion t "m-(-pe>l 0     
int5d$2 x w1 h[ev]1 be saf] to consid] t
 ! ^w 0 us$ = any k9d ( %ell1 ! c[rie & 
o!r %ells be+ z well1 or ev5 bett]1     
adapt$ = c>v+ ?an "m-(-pe>l4 ,9 lat]    
inv5tories ! ^w seems to h be5 us$ bo? =
 %ell & ,ori5tal porcela94  ,! claim (  

greate/ antiquity t has be5 hi!rto put  
=w>d = specim5s f\nd out ( ! limits ( ! 
,cele/ial ,empire h be5 9 favor ( !     
little ,*9ese bottles1 :i* 7 /at$ by    
,rossell9i & o!rs to h be5 f\nd 9       
undi/urb$ ,egyptian tombs1 dat+ f n less
 ?an #ahjj ye>s ,b4 ,c4 ,?is claim has1 
h[ev]1 be5 disall[$4 ,! bottles are (   
good :ite porcela91 pa9t$ 9 colors1 &   
be>+ inscriptions4 ,n[1 we h se5 t !    
,*9ese !mselves d n claim a great]      
antiquity = ! inv5tion ( porcela9 ?an   
betwe5 ,b4 ,c4 #bjf & ,a4 ,d4 #hg4      
,color-pa9t+ mu/ h be5 introduc$ at a   
mu* lat] date4 ,! inscriptions are 9 !  
grass-"*1 :i* 0 n inv5t$ till ,b4 ,c4   
#dh1 & conta9 passages f poems :i* 7 n  
writt5 till ! eigh? c5tury ( our era4   
,!y are1 9 fact1 id5tical )             
snuff-bottles /ill = sale 9 ,*9a4 ,_!   
introduction1 !re=e1 into ,egyptian     
tombs mu/ h be5 due to ! fraud ( ,arab  
workm54 ,! :ole subject has be5 gone    
into by ,m4 ,/anislas ,juli51 9 !       
preface to ! ',hi/ory ( ,k+-te-*91' z   

well z by o!rs4  ,! next claim has be5  
made on behalf ( ! murrh9e vases ( !    
anci5ts1 :i* are describ$ z 'cook$ 9    
,p>?ian fires4' ,n[1 x is probable t1 at
 ! comm5cem5t ( our era1 ,*9ese porcela9
 0 n f> advanc$ beyond pott]y or        
/one-w>e1 & little sup]ior to ! s-call$ 
,egyptian porcela94 ,no fragm5ts (      
,*9ese vases h be5 f\nd ) ,greek or     
,roman antiquities1 nor ( imitations (  
!m 9 o!r mat]ials1 s z to correspond ) !
 false murrh9e ( ! anci5ts4 ,x is !re=e 
f> m probable1 z has be5 sugge/$ by ,mr4
 ,nesbitt1 9 8 notes on ! ',hi/ory (    
,glass-mak+1' t ! murrh9e vases 7 made (
 agates & o!r h>d /ones1 ( :i* ! colors 
_h be5 modifi$ 9 ! ,ea/ by heat+ & /a9+4
 ,! false murrh9es w\ld !n be ! glass   
b[ls imitat+ h>d /ones1 b ) v>i\s /range
 t9ts n to be f\nd 9 natural /ones4  ,9 
#aaga we fir/ f9d any di/9ct m5tion (   
porcela9 out ( ,*9a4 ,9 t ye> ,salad9   
s5t to ,nur-ed-d9 v>i\s pres5ts1 among  
:i* 7 =ty pieces ( ,*9ese porcela94     
,m>co ,polo1 travel+ 9 #abhj1 visit$ "o 

( ! sites ( ! porcela9 manufacture1 &   
m5tions t x 0 export$ all ov] ! _w4 ,x  
is probable t he may h be5 ! means (    
call+ ! att5tion ( 8 c\ntrym5 to ?is    
production ( ! f> ,ea/4 ,_m o!r notices 
f travel]s ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5?        
c5turies might be cit$4 ,x 0 probably   
?r\gh ,egypt t x rea*$ ,europe2 at any  
rate1 a pres5t ( porcela9 vases 0 s5t by
 ! ,sultan ( ,egypt1 9 #adhg1 to ,lor5zo
 de' ,m$ici4 ,to ! ,portuguese is no    
d\bt due ! fir/ direct importation (    
,*9ese w>es into ,europe1 9 :i* !y 7    
foll[$ by ! v>i\s ,india companies (    
,holl&1 ,engl&1 ,france1 ,sw$51 etc4  ,x
 may be conv5i5t %ortly to describe !   
mode ( mak+ porcela9 9 ,*9a1 z d]iv$ f !
 lett]s ( ,pre d',entrecolles 7#agab to 
#agbb71 & ! ',hi/ory ( ,k+-te-*91' 9 :i*
 ,m4 ,juli5 has reproduc$ ! ,*9ese      
plates illu/rat+ ! processes4  ,porcela9
 9 ,*9a is usually =m$ ( two mat]ials3 !
 "o1 t]m$ 9 ,*9ese ,pe-tun-tse1 is a    
:ite1 fusible mat]ial--a mixture (      
feldsp> & qu>tz1 obta9$ f a p\nd$ rock  

by repeat$ wa%+1 & =m$ into cakes or    
bricks1 :5ce its ,*9ese "n1 ':ite-clay  
bricks2' ! o!r1 t]m$ ,kaol9 f its       
locality1 is infusible1 be+ a hydrat$   
silicate ( alum9a1 d]iv$ f ! decompos$  
feldsp> ( granite2 ?is is also =m$ into 
cakes4 ,^! two mat]ials1 hav+ be5       
?or\ghly cleans$1 are knead$ toge!r 9   
v>y+ proportions1 & =m a clay ready = ! 
pott]4 ,! wet clay is turn$ on ! :eel or
 pott]'s table1 &1 aft] pass+ ?r\gh !   
h&s ( sev]al workm51 :o add h&les & o!r 
accessories made 9 m\lds1 smoo? !       
surface1 etc41 ! vessel is put out to   
dry1 ! foot /ill rema9+ a solid mass2   
any decoration 9 blue1 or o!r colors :i*
 require to be highly fir$1 is !n add$4 
,! glaze is next appli$1 ei!r by dipp+1 
or by bl[+ x on ) a tube4 ,?is /r5g!ns !
 vessel suffici5tly to enable ! workm5  
to fa%ion ! foot on ! :eel1 & to        
inscribe any m>k2 ?is be+ likewise coat$
 ) glaze1 ! vessel is ready = ! furnace4
 ,! pieces ( porcela9 are pack$ 9 clay  
segg>s to protect !m f injury1 & plac$  

accord+ to ! degree ( heat :i* ea*      
specim5 requires4 ,! furnace is !n      
light$1 ! entrance wall$ up1 & x is kept
 suppli$ ) wood dur+ a night & a day1 :5
 x is all[$ to cool & ! porcela9 remov$4
 ,if enamel-colors are to be appli$1 x  
!n passes into ! h&s ( ! pa9t]s1 :o are 
v num]\s1 & ea* conf9$ to 8 own special 
detail2 any gild+ or silv]+ is add$ at  
?is /age4 ,x is !n bak$ aga91 at a mu*  
l[] temp]ature1 9 a small muffle or an  
op5 furnace4 ,x %\ld be m5tion$ t !     
glaze is =m$ ( ,pe-tun-tse1 mix$ )      
f]n-a%es & lime1 b o!r mat]ials are     
occasionally us$2 = in/ance1 ,hwa-*i    
7/eatite7 is employ$1 sometimes mix$ ) !
 glaze1 z well z sometimes ) ! pa/e ( ! 
porcela94 ,any colors :i* w be> to be   
highly fir$1 & are requir$ to cov] !    
:ole surface1 are mix$ ) ! glaze be=e x 
is appli$4  ,!re is consid]able         
difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ glaz$ vases (     
,*9ese pott]y f true porcela91 z !      
color$ glaze 9 _m cases conceals !      
mat]ial1 & ! ?ickness prev5ts _! be+    

transluc5t--a di/+ui%+ quality (        
porcela94 ,! sub/ance ( _m ( ! vases is 
co>se1 sometimes gray or ev5 r$1 & su* z
 w\ld1 9 ,european fabriques1 be t]m$   
/one-w>e4 ,by ,*9ese writ]s1 h[ev]1 no  
di/9ction seems to be made1 & ev5       
enamels on copp] are includ$ 9 ! t]m !y 
use = porcela94 ,x has1 !re=e1 be5 ?\ght
 be/ to class toge!r glaz$ ,*9ese pott]y
 & porcela91 ?\gh "s ( ! specim5s are   
und\bt$ly /one-w>e4  ,! key to ,ori5tal 
decoration may be express$ by ! ^w      
individualism4 ,! arti/ did draw f !    
dep?s ( 8 moral consci\sness1 & did n   
copy bl9dly4 ,he seems to h express$ :at
 he felt1 r ?an :at he saw4 ,8 p]ception
 & arrangem5t ( color seem to h be5     
inspir$1 n le>n$4 ,he is d>+2 he does n 
hesitate to hang 8 ladies 9 a balcony up
 9 ! air above ! procession pass+ b5ea?1
 z may be se5 9 a v anci5t vase belong+ 
to ,mrs4 ,gridley ,bryant1 ( ,bo/on2 he 
does n fe> to put blue leaves to 8      
trees1 or to make a gre5 horse2 8       
butt]fly is z l>ge z a man1 if he wi%es 

to %[ a figure or a mass ( color2 8     
boats are small] ?an ! pass5g]1 if t    
suits 8 fancy2 he attempts little       
p]spective1 & x is1 we may say1         
impossible on a *9a b[l2 symmetry he    
abhors2 pairs d n exi/4  ,:at is !      
result8 ,we see x 9 ! porcela9 ( ,*9a & 
,japan1 ! %awls & c>pets ( ,india1 !    
pott]y ( ! ,p]sians & ! ,moors1 !       
ar*itecture ( ,k>nak & ! ,alhambra1 all 
( :i* are satisfy+ to ! eye & to ! ta/e4
  ,i believe !y _h no s*ools ( art2 !y 7
 n taught to d :at "s "o else _h done1  
to copy a ma/] or to copy ,nature1 or to
 ?9k symmetry beauty1 or ! circle !     
p]fect l9e4  ,! arti/ 01 z he ought to  
be1 a law to himself2 he saw :at he saw1
 & felt :at he felt1 & he express$ ^! 9 
8 own way2 n 9 ,titian's way1 or        
,rembr&t's way1 or ,giorgione's way4    
,!re is1 !re=e1 a fre$om1 a fre%ness1 an
 ab&on ab\t ?is "w t we f9d n[h]e else1 
& a *>m :i* nev] tires4  ,we are        
intellectuali/s r ?an arti/s2 &1        
moreov]1 we are ru9$ by *eap &          

incompet5t criticism1 ! :ole gospel (   
:i* is1 ,always condemn1 nev] praise4   
,too mu* writ+ ab\t art & too little do+
 x1 is ! fa%ion ( to-day2 & he :o does  
lea/ f9ds mo/ fault ) him :o creates4 ,!
 arti/ is ! creator1 ! critic ! de/roy]2
 & yet ! la/ values himself mo/6 ,! ?ird
 e/ate did n rule 9 ,*9a4  ,if we are to
 h a true & high arti/ic expression1 our
 arti/s1 mu/ d>e2 & we mu/ all[ !m to   
d>e2 we mu/ enc\rage r ?an disc\rage4   
,we mu/1 above all1 get rid ( ! base old
 notion t head-"w is div9e & g5tlemanly1
 h&-"w ignoble & vulg>3 bo? are div9e1 &
 :5 ! two are comb9$ we %all see ! f9e/ 
possible man--an arti/1 :e!r he works ) 
pa9t1 m>ble1 wood1 clay1 or metal4      
,,m>ks1 ,,etc4--,! foll[+ copies ( m>ks1
 z translat$ by ,mr4 ,franks1 w be f\nd 
useful3  ,illu/ration3 #a4  ,a4 ,d4     
#agba4  ,illu/ration3 #b4  ,a4 ,d4 #ajgh
 to #ajhf4  ,illu/ration3 #c4  ,a4 ,d4  
#acfh to #acii4  ,illu/ration3 #d4  ,a4 
,d4 #adjc to #adbe4  ,illu/ration3 #e4  
,a4 ,d4 #adbf to #adcf4  ,illu/ration3  

#f4   ,a4 ,d4 #adfe to #adhh4           
,illu/ration3 #g4  ,a4 ,d4 #adfe to     
#adhh4  ,illu/ration3 #h4  ,a4 ,d4 #adhh
 to #aejf4  ,illu/ration3 #i4  ,a4 ,d4  
#aejf to #aebb4  ,illu/ration3 #aj4     
,a4 ,d4 #aebb to #aefg4  ,illu/ration3  
#aa4  ,a4 ,d4 #aefg to #aegc4           
,illu/ration3 #ab4  ,a4 ,d4 #aegc to    
#afbj4  ,illu/ration3 #ac4  ,a4 ,d4     
#afdd to #affa4  ,illu/ration3 #ad4  ,a4
 ,d4 #affa to #agbb4  ,illu/ration3 #ae4
  ,a4 ,d4 #agbc to #agcf4  ,illu/ration3
 #af4  ,a4 ,d4 #agcf to #agie4          
,illu/ration3 #ag4  ,a4 ,d4 #agif to    
#ahba4  ,illu/ration3 #ah4   ,a4 ,d4    
#ahba to #ahea4  ,illu/ration3 #ai4  ,a4
 ,d4 #ahea to #ahfb4  ,illu/ration3 #bj4
  ,a4 ,d4 #ahfb to #ahge4  ,illu/ration3
 #ba4  ,a4 ,d4 #ahge4  ,illu/ration3    
#bb4  ,a4 ,d4 #ajjd to #ajig4           
,illu/ration3 #bc4  ,a4 ,d4 #adjc to    
#adbe4  ,illu/ration3 #bd4  ,a4 ,d4     
#adbf to #adcf4  ,illu/ration3 #be4  ,a4
 ,d4 #agbc to #agcf4  ,illu/ration3 #bf4
  ,a4 ,d4 #agcf to #agie4  ,illu/ration3

 #bg4  ,a4 ,d4 #agcf to #agie4          
,illu/ration3 #bh4  ,a4 ,d4 #agif to    
#ahba4  ,illu/ration3 #bi4   ,a4 ,d4    
#ahba to #ahea4  ,illu/ration3 #cj4  ,a4
 ,d4 #ahea to #ahfb4  ,illu/ration3 #ca4
  ,a4 ,d4 #ahfb to #ahge4     ,,*apt]   
,,xi4  ,,! ,,porcela9 ,,( ,,japan4      
,corean                                 
,porcela94--,katosiro-ouye-mon4--,!     
,prov9ce (      ,ids\mi4--,/yles        
prevail+ 9 ,japan4--,m>ks4--,japanese   
,blue4--,indian ,porcela94--,dut* ,ea/  
,india ,company4--,egg-%ell &           
,crackle4--,m&>9 ,*9a4--,kaga           
,w>e4--,satsuma ,w>e4--,japanese        
,art4--,! ,philadelphia ,exhibition4    
,( porcela9s f ! isl& ( ,corea b little 
is kn[n1 & all our /atem5ts are made )  
d\bt4 ,x is believ$ by "s t f ,corea    
came ! fir/ porcela9-mak]s into ,japan4 
,9 ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,hoe & ,mr4 ,av]y h 
ea* pieces :i* are peculi>1 be+ bold] 9 
decoration & crud] 9 color ?an ! ,*9ese 
or ,japanese1 b :i* may h be5 made 9    
,japan4  ,s1 too1 ) ,p]sian porcela93   

!re is ab\t x mu* vagu5ess & unc]ta9ty4 
,!re seems to be te/imony to prove t    
porcela9 0 made 9 t c\ntry4  ,9 ,india1 
too1 x has be5 n[ & !n ass]t$ t porcela9
 0 made4 ,b1 z ! ,*9ese & ,japanese _h  
mu* trade ) ^? nations1 & z !y c]ta9ly  
did "w f designs s5t f o!r c\ntries1 x  
is mo/ reasonable to believe t :at "s   
p]sons h suppos$ 0 ,indian or ,p]sian 0 
really ,*9ese porcela94  ,japanese      
porcela9 is a m difficult subject = /udy
 ?an ! ,*9ese1 ow+ to ?is circum/ance3  
,ab\t ! ye> #abaa or #abab1 a ,japanese 
arti/ cross$ ov] to ,*9a1 to /udy !     
processes by means ( :i* ! ,*9ese _h    
rea*$ su* surpris+ excell5ce4 ,8 "n1    
accord+ to ,dr4 ,h(fman1 0              
,katosiro-ouye-mon4 ,?r\gh him ! art    
receiv$ 9 ,japan a new impulse1 new k1  
new me?ods4 ,x may be ( s]vice to u to  
"k t ! wond]ful p]fection a*iev$ by !   
,japanese 9 ?is art 0 due n only to !   
skill ( h] arti/s1 b also1 & m1 to !    
fact t ! gov]nm5t gave direct1 p]si/5t1 
& lib]al pecuni>y aid to ! indu/ry4     

,g5ius w1 ( c\rse1 "w its miracles2 b1  
if we 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are to rea*     
excell5ce 9 art-"w1 x w be1 mu/ be1 only
 fitful & %ort-liv$1 if x is to dep5d ^u
 individual ef=t or *ance patronage3    
only by means ( ! p]si/5t & intellig5t  
fo/]+ ( a /ate1 ^: life is p]5nial1 c ! 
greate/ ?+s be accompli%$4 ,!re are     
fanatics :o hold to free trade 9 poetry1
 inv5tion1 art1 pat5t-"r1 copyright4 ,no
 d\bt !y mean well1 b ! nation may bew>e
 ( !m4  ,! art-museums n[ be+ e/abli%$  
_c fail to d good2 b !y w fall lam5tably
 %ort ( _! aims if !y are n directly &  
p[]fully aid$ by ! /ate4 ,to illu/rate  
?is1 let me ref] to ! f9e collections   
kn[n z ! ,k5s+ton ,museum & ! ,briti%   
,museum1 9 ,engl&4 ,bo? are ! creations 
( ! /ate1 & bo? h be5 g5]\sly treat$4 ,x
 w\ld h tak5 a hundr$ or a ?\s& ye>s (  
individual contributions to accompli%   
:at ! ,k5s+ton ,museum has done 9 tw5ty4
  ,already1 x is a great & noble        
s*ool--tea*+ by example--( art appli$ to
 ! uses ( life2 & already x has plac$ "s

 ( ! manufactur]s ( ,engl& 9 ! fir/     
place ( ! _w4  ,i wi%1 !n1 to repeat t !
 "w :i* ,katosiro did w\ld n h be5      
done--c\ld n h be5 done--by 8 own       
individual ef=t4  ,he n only add$ va/ly 
to ! satisfaction & delight & ri*es ( 8 
own p1 b he has giv5 u cause to bless ! 
,gov]nm5t ( ,japan = ! satisfaction &   
delight we1 too1 are enabl$ to draw f 8 
"w4  ,p5nsylvania is tak+ ! lead "h4 ,) 
a ke5 p]ception & a pr(\nd wisdom1 t    
,/ate1 ,i am told1 has unit$ ) ! city ( 
,philadelphia to f\nd & ma9ta9 a s*ool (
 appli$ art1 :i* _c fail to be an       
incalculable good to ! indu/ries & !    
happ9ess ( h] p4  ,dep5d+ ^u individual 
contributions1 ,bo/on & ,new ,york mu/  
/ruggle f> beh9d1 & f9ally dw9dle away4 
,we ne$1 9 e great indu/rial c5tre1 a   
,c\ncil on ,in/ruction1 :i* %all provide
 models ( art-"w1 & tea*+ en\gh to make 
^! models pla9 to indu/rial seek]s4  ,we
 h tri$ free s*ools1 free trade1 free   
press1 & no "o is happy4 ,i pray we may 
= a c5tury fairly & fully try h\sehold  

art3 t is ! art :i* %all make ! home !  
mo/ attractive place on ?is foot/ool (  
heav54  ,9 ?is "w all sects & sexes may 
unite4 ,e man & woman c & w agree t 8 or
 h] home %all be a page f ! book (      
p>adise2 "o on :i* !y c write1 & "o f   
:i* all may read4  ,accord+ to ! be/    
au?orities we are able to get1 we       
conclude t ! ,japanese h f ! e>lie/ days
 be5 great pott]s1 & t ! ,*9ese discov]y
 ( porcela9 0 c>ri$ to ,japan probably 9
 ! c5tury be=e our era4  ,x appe>s f !  
rese>*es ( ,dr4 ,h(fman1 ( ,holl&1 t 9  
#ffb a ,buddhi/ monk introduc$ ! secrets
 ( transluc5t porcela9 into ! prov9ce ( 
,ids\mi1 & a village !n became fam\s z  
,to-ki-m\ra1 village = mak+ porcela94   
,9 ! ye> #hei ! two prov9ces ( ,ids\mi &
 ,kavatsi w5t into a viol5t qu>rel ov] a
 m\nta9 :i* conta9$ clay & firewood4  ,b
 ! va/ wants ( su* a ta/eful & teem+ p z
 ! ,japanese advanc$ ?is mo/ useful &   
beautiful indu/ry until ! "t ( ,katosiro
 79 ! #abjj's71 :5 x w5t =w>d to        
p]fection1 & rival$ or excell$ ! be/ "w 

( ,*9a4  ,9 lat] ye>s ! great c5tre (   
porcela9-production has be5 ! isl& (    
,kiu%iu4  ,^u ! ,ids\mi-yoma 7or ,m\nta9
 ( ,spr+s71 :]e 0 f\nd ! kaol9ic clay1  
,dr4 ,h(fman numb]s "s five-&-tw5ty %ops
 fam\s = porcela9s4  ,f ! rec5t "w (    
,messrs4 ,audesley & ,b[es1 x seems t ! 
prov9ce ( ,hiz5 has produc$ ! f9e/      
examples ( ,japanese porcela94 ,! fir/  
numb] ( ?is "w has j rea*$ u1 & gives   
great promise4 ,! au?ors are ,mr4       
,george ,a%d[n ,audesley1 ar*itect1 &   
,james ,"l ,b[es1 ,presid5t ( !         
,liv]pool ,art ,club4 ,no "w ^u ! c]amic
 art has appe>$ sup]ior to ?is1         
especially 9 its decorations4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae4--;,japanese  
,vase4  ,:ile ! f9e1 delicate p]ception 
& t\* ( ! ,japanese h giv5 an add$ grace
 & f9i% to mo/ ( _! "w1 z a :ole _!     
porcela9 may be said to be a foll[+ 7r  
?an a copy+7 ( ! ,*9ese3 9 ,*9a porcela9
 0 indig5\s2 9 ,japan x 0 an            
importation4 ,9 ,*9a1 !n1 we %all f9d m 
orig9al inv5tion & great] v>iety2 9     

,japan1 m f9i%4 ,! be/ "w ( ,japan is   
(t5 sup]ior 9 ! pa/e & 9 ! glaze to !   
,*9ese4 ,z to classification1 x is f\nd 
t ! two /yles ( ,*9a porcela9 call$ ,!  
,*rysan!mo-,poni5ne & ,! ,famille-,rose 
are ! two :i* mo/ prevail 9 ,japan2 & x 
is n easy to di/+ui% ! f9e "w ( ! "o    
c\ntry f t ( ! o!r4  ,9 ! rose family is
 to be f\nd mu* ( ! be/ "w ( ,japan4 ,9 
,figs4 #aae & #aaf are two good examples
 ( ?is "w4  ,! ,famille-,v]t1 or gre51 0
 n made !re4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#aaf4--,tea-,caddy4  ,we _c d bett] ?an 
to quote f ,jacquem>t3  ,a radical      
diff]5ce sep>ates ! two c\ntries z      
reg>ds draw+4 ,at ,niphon ! figures1    
?\gh affect$1 & too mu* resembl+ ea* o!r
 n to be ! produce ( 'p\nc+1' h a simple
 grace & s(tness1 ! evid5t reflex (     
,ori5tal mann]s4 ,c]ta9ly1 x is n an    
imitation ( ,nature2 x is n art1 su* z  
we und]/& x1 ) its complex qualities2 b 
x is a dreamy act1 a fir/ manife/ation (
 ?\ght "u =m4 ,a sc5e ( frequ5t         
occurr5ce repres5ts two wom5 /&+1 "o ^u 

a rose1 ! o!r ^u a leaf1 & ?us float+ ^u
 ! waves 9 an aureole ( cl\ds3 ! fir/1  
elegantly attir$1 holds a sceptre2 !    
second is h] att5dant1 & c>ries a basket
 ( fl[]s pass$ ?r\gh a k9d ( lance or   
in/rum5t = pl\gh+4 ,accord+ to !        
indications ( ! ,japanese ,pan!on1 x is 
! goddess ( ! seas or patroness (       
fi%]m54 ,x matt]s little :i* x may be2  
b1 by ! mode/ grace ( ! attitude1 ! easy
 elegance ( ! drap]ies1 ?is pa9t+       
approa*es ! graceful vellums ( our      
arti/s ( ! middle ages4 ,! birds &      
plants p>take ( ^! m]its1 & are         
tru?fully drawn1 ! details mo/          
delicately r5d]$4 ,no?+ is m beautiful  
?an ^! v5]at$ silv] pheasants1 !        
pr\d-look+ cocks p]*$ ^u ! rocks or lo/ 
among ! fl[]s2 no?+ m *>m+ ?an c]ta9    
cre/$ blackbirds ) rose-color$ brea/s1 &
 o!r pass]9e birds ( beautiful plumage4 
,:ile x is true t ! ,japanese fl[]-pa9t+
 approa*es ne>] to ,nature ?an ! ,*9ese1
 x does n seem correct to say t x       
approa*es to1 or is1 a copy ( ,nature4  

,x is difficult to see any?+ :i* is n   
treat$ freely & /rongly r ?an naturally4
  ,"s ( ! decorations peculi> to ,japan 
may be m5tion$ z foll[s3  ,! kiri1 or   
fl[] ( ! paul[nia4  ,! imp]ial          
?ree-claw$ dragon4  ,! noble bird4  ,!  
sacr$ tortoise4  ,! p9e1 ! bamboo1 &  ,!
 crane4  ,! crane & ! tortoise are      
emblems ( longevity4  ,two m>ks 7 !     
(ficial signs ( ! ,mikado3 fir/1 !      
kiri-mon1 or fl[] ( ! paul[nia2 &1      
second1 ! guik-mon1 or *rysan!mum2 :ile 
to ! temporal pr9ce1 or ,siog\n1 belong$
 ! ?ree-leav$ mall[4  ,illu/ration3     
,kiri-mon4  ,illu/ration3 ,guik-mon4    
,illu/ration3 ,?ree-leav$ ,mall[4  ,!   
vase "h giv5 7,fig4 #aag71 f ,mr4       
,av]y's collection 9 ! ,new ,york       
,museum ( ,art1 is a good illu/ration ( 
! way ! ,japanese us$ natural =ms       
arti/ically r ?an naturally4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aag4--;,f ,mr4    
,av]y's ,collection4  ,! description is 
z foll[s3  ,,vase1 ( elegant =m1 a gr\nd
 ( :ite1 a bran* ( a tree 9 violet color

 runn+ ar\nd ! body1 f :i* dep5d ! fruit
 & fl[]s ( ! pea* ( longevity 9 ri*     
colors4 ,/orks delicately outl9$ 9      
black1 _! bodies be+ fill$ 9 ) dead-:ite
 enamel1 peck at ! fruit or blossoms1 or
 disport ?r\gh ! air4 ,! neck is        
ornam5t$ ) a b& ( yell[1 scrolls1 fruit1
 bats1 & honorific designs4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aah4--;,f ,mr4    
,av]y's ,collection4  ,we give 9 ,fig4  
#aah a bottle ( squ>e =m pa9t$          
delicately on ea* side ) gr\ps (        
figures1 mo/ likely repres5t+ incid5ts 9
 ,japanese hi/ory4 ,x is a f9e example f
 ,mr4 ,av]y's collection4 ,! colors are 
gre51 blue1 & yell[1 & are v ri* &      
h>moni\s4  ,a /yle ( decoration f\nd    
among ! ,japanese r ?an ! ,*9ese might  
be describ$ z a sort ( m$allion-pa9t+3 !
 r\nd spaces are di/ribut$ ov] ! pot    
reg>dless ( symmetry1 & ! effect is     
*>m+4 ,fig4 #aai %[s "o ( ^!1 belong+ to
 ,mrs4 ,rockwell1 ( ,bo/on4 ,x is mod]n 
"w1 &1 :ile n exp5sive1 is v            
satisfactory4 ,an impression prevails t 

x is v cr$itable to pay de> = & to own  
antique "w--n s mod]n "w4 ,b1 if we are 
to d any good ourselves1 we mu/ believe 
9 our own mod]n "w :5 we c1 & be glad to
 buy & pay = x4 ,also1 we mu/ praise our
 arti/s4 ,let u d s1 & let u n =get t   
:at is old & good n[ 0 once new & good2 
none ! less good because x 0 new4       
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aai4--;,f ,mrs4   
,rockwell's ,collection4  ,! ,japanese  
blue is exquisite1 c]ta9ly1 b x lacks ! 
deep vivid brilliancy ( ! ,nank+4 ,x is 
believ$ t ! blue is appli$ ov] ! glaze1 
& x has a melt+ s(tness :i* is mo/      
pleas+4 ,_m ( ^! pieces be> ! six m>ks1 
z ) ! ,*9ese4  ,ano!r blue1 :i* is a    
deep or maz>9 color incorrectly call$   
cele/ial1 is q a diff]5t ?+1 b v *oice &
 beautiful4 ,! color is appli$ z an     
enamel1 & 9 relief1 & ) wond]ful skill4 
,i h nev] se5 any pieces ( ?is :i* 7    
suppos$ to date f> back2 & x is c]ta9 t 
x is among ! f9e productions ( to-day1 b
 none ! less beautiful = t4  ,a porcela9
 ) v m>k$ decoration & color+ has be5   

some:at ( a puzzle1 & has be5 call$     
,indian1 be+ s v di/9ct f any?+ produc$ 
9 ,*9a4 ,jacquem>t ?us describes x3  ,a 
p>ticul> decoration :i* we call         
v>iegat$-leav$ is v brilliant1 & might h
 f\nd grace ev5 9 ! eyes ( ! ,puritan   
,wag5a>4 ,! pr9cipal subject is a gr\p (
 po9t$ leaves1 "s 9 blue "u ! glaze2    
o!rs ( a pale gre51 or ( a p9k & yell[  
enamel$2 at ! base ( ! tuft exp&s a l>ge
 ornam5tal fl[]1 ) not*$ p9k petals l9$ 
) yell[2 ! he>t1 =m+ a c5tre1 is yell[  
or gre5i% /reak$ ) p9k2 not)/&+ !       
ind5tations :i* ov]load x1 x is easy to 
recognize ! fl[] z an anona or          
cu/>d-apple4 ,! leaves w\ld lead "o to  
suppose !m1 by _! =m & size1 to be ^? ( 
a *e/nut-tree1 :ile _! color recalls !  
tricolor plane-tree s belov$ by !       
,ori5tals1 & :i* decks itself ) tufts1  
v>y+ f light gre5 to r$1 pass+ ?r\gh !  
int]m$i>y t9ts4 ,beh9d ^! leaves1 & ^u !
 edge ( ! pieces1 appe> light & delicate
 small enamel$ fl[]s ( iron-r$1 yell[1  
rose1 or blue4 7,fig4 #abj47  ,?is      

porcela9 0 made 9 ,japan1 & 0 br\ght by 
! ,dut* into ,europe at a "t :5 _! trade
 0 s great4 ,! ,dut* ,ea/ ,india        
,company 0 =m$ 9 #afjb4 ,9 ! ye> #affd1 
=ty-f\r ?\s& n9e hundr$ & =ty-?ree      
pieces ( r>e porcela9 7 c>ri$ into      
,holl& f ,japan1 & sixte5 ?\s& five     
hundr$ & eighty pieces ( ! same "w 7 s5t
 f ,batavia4  ,9 "s way n kn[n1 ?is     
peculi> "w has be5 call$ ,indian4 ,i    
f\nd two pieces ( x 9 ,holl&1 "o ( :i*  
is 9 ,mr4 ,wales's collection1 & "o     
piece1 my own1 is figur$ "h4 ,x is n    
easy to see any?+ m p]fect4  ,!         
,japanese h excell$ also 9 ! production 
( crackle1 also ( ! egg-%ell porcela91  
nei!r ( :i* diff]s en\gh f ! ,*9ese to  
ne$ description4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#abj4--;,japanese ,v>iegat$-leav$       
,porcela94  ,9 ! loan collection at ,new
 ,york is to be se5 a crackl$ bottle1   
:i* has broad b&s runn+ ar\nd x1 t are n
 crackl$4 ,m rem>kable ?an ?is is a     
crackle vase belong+ to ,mr4 ,h4 ,dwight
 ,williams1 :i* conta9s recl9+ figures  

delicately pa9t$1 t are n crackl$4      
,te*nical skill c g no fur!r1 x w\ld    
seem4  ,! ,japanese lacqu] f> exce$s    
any?+ made 9 ,*9a1 & is among ! mo/     
beautiful ( human "w4 ,we "k b little ( 
! processes ( its manufacture1 & only   
introduce x "h because ! ,japanese h    
appli$ x to ! decoration ( porcela94 ,v 
*>m+ & surpris+ effects are produc$4 ,! 
lacqu] is laid on z a v>ni% made f "s   
vegetable gum or gums1 b 9 :at way or h[
 appli$ we "k n4 ,x is exce$+ly h>d &   
durable1 & takes a v>iety ( colors      
exquisitely4 ,x is appli$ mo/ly to wood1
 sometimes to porcela94  ,mr4 ,george   
,james1 ( ,nahant1 has a v f9e porcela9 
figure :i* is f9i%$ ) lacqu]4  ,cloisonn
 "w appli$ to porcela9 has be5 made 9   
,japan4 ,h[ ! delicate metal l9es c be  
fa/5$ to ! surface ( ! porcela91 & h[ ! 
vitrifiable colors c be melt$ into !    
spaces ) su* p]fection1 c nev] fail to  
surprise4 ,to see su* p]fect & delicate 
workman%ip is a satisfaction3 :at       
pleasure mu/ ! arti/ himself n enjoy6   

,! m&>9 *9a 7,fig4 #aba71 z x is t]m$1 0
 made 9 ,japan r ?an 9 ,*9a4 ,?is t]m is
 appli$ to su* vases & pieces z be> !   
figures ( m&>9s we>+ ! toque or cap     
topp$ ) ! button :i* m>ks _! grade4 ,x  
appe>s t ! ,?s+ conqu]ors1 :5 !y ov]came
 ! ,m+ dyna/y 9 ,*9a1 attempt$ to efface
 ! old cu/oms & dress1 & among o!r ?+s  
!y ord]$ 0 ! adoption ( ! toque or cap4 
,h5ce1 to prote/ aga9/ _! conqu]ors1 no 
su* designs appe> on ! old ,*9ese       
porcela92 b only on ! ,japanese1 :i* 0  
c>ri$ to ,*9a & sold4#ac  ,?is v>iety is
 n to be conf\nd$ ) a gayly-color$ k9d (
 heavy porcela9 made 9 ,*9a1 :i* (t5    
goes "u ! "n ( m&>94  ,on ?is ,japanese 
m&>9-w>e1 gild+ is likely to be f\nd1 & 
inde$ ! ,japanese 7 mu* m incl9$ to its 
use ?an ! ,*9ese4  ,european & ,*ri/ian 
subjects 7 sometimes pa9t$ ^u !         
,japanese porcela9 to meet ! wants ( !  
,dut* export]s4 ,9 ! ,metropolitan      
,museum ( ,art at ,new ,york are "s ( ^!
 pieces belong+ to ,mr4 ,av]y's         
collection3 "o has a portrait ( ,lu!r2  

ano!r has ! baptism ( ,*ri/1 ano!r a    
,dut* l&scape ) figures4 ,!y are mo/    
curi\s1 & ^u ! ,scripture subjects hangs
 a tale3  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4          
#aba4--,m&>9 ,*9a4  ,z e>ly z #aecd we  
"k t ! ,portuguese _h e/abli%$ a trade )
 ,japan1 &1 ) ! aggressive _s ( all     
,occid5tals1 _h attempt$ to introduce _!
 religion into ,japan1 aga9/ ! usages & 
prejudices ( ! ,japanese1 :i* 7 pot5t   
!n4 ,!y pu%$ x to an irritat+ po9t1 & x 
is ass]t$ t _! m$dl+ ) ! decorations 9 !
 porcela9 factories at la/ l$ to _!     
expulsion1 & to ! massacre & de/ruction 
( "s =ty ?\s& ( _! ,*ri/ian conv]ts 9   
#afda4  ,! ,dut* !n p]suad$ ! ,japanese 
to all[ !m ! privileges ( trade1 :i* !y 
held = "s two hundr$ ye>s2 & x is ?r\gh 
!m t mo/ ( our f9e examples h be5 br\ght
 to ,europe & "h4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 
#abb4--;,example ( ,old ,satsuma ,w>e4  
,besides ! porcela9 productions ( ,japan
 are two v>ieties ( pott]y or fai5ce1   
:i* are rem>kable = ri*ness ( color &   
decoration3 ! "o is call$ ,,kaga ,,w>e1 

! o!r ,,satsuma1 f ! di/ricts :]e !y are
 produc$4 ,mo/ ( ! ,kaga w>e br\ght to u
 is ( a ?ick1 heavy body1 & color$ ) a  
d>k sort ( ,indian-r$1 t\*$ ) l9es (    
gild+4 ,"s ( ! f9] specim5s1 h[ev]1 l ! 
vases %[n 9 ! rec5t "w ( ,messrs4       
,audesley & ,b[es1 are 9 poly*rome1 & v 
beautiful4  ,! ,satsuma fai5ce is made (
 a ri*1 creamy pa/e1 & is ?ick] ?an mo/ 
porcela92 b x is delici\s 9 tone &      
delightful 9 decoration4 ,!re are a few 
pieces 9 ?is c\ntry2 & m1 b n l>ge      
quantities1 9 ,europe4 ,"s ( ! f9e/     
pieces ,i h se5 are 9 ! collection ( !  
em95t ,engli% arti/1 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick      
,leighton1 ^: h\se1 z well z works1 c   
only give pleasure4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #abc4--;,example ( ,mod]n        
,satsuma ,w>e4  ,! old ,satsuma has     
peculi>ities :i*1 add$ to its r>ity1    
make x exce$+ly valuable & desirable4   
,fig4 #abb is "o ( ! pieces pictur$ 9 ! 
,audesley-,b[es book1 z an example ( !  
old ,satsuma1 & is v curi\s 9 =m4  ,!   
mod]n ,satsuma is mu* ( x v beautiful1 b

 ( c\rse x comm&s no su* prices z !     
old]4 ,mo/ ( x %[s ! glaze brok5 ?r\gh\t
 into a mo/ delicate network ( crackle1 
:i* is peculi> & int]e/+4  ,! small     
teapot "h %[n is n only p]fect 9 tone1  
glaze1 & decoration1 b also 9 =m4 ,x is 
mod]n "w1 & 0 import$ by ,mr4 ,briggs1 (
 ,bo/on4 7,fig4 #abc47  ,mr4 ,franks ?us
 writes3 ,! pr9ces ( ,satsuma h f\nd$ a 
manufactory f :i* h issu$ "s v rem>kable
 products1 mu* e/eem$ by collectors2 !  
pa/e is ( a pale yell[i% t9t1 n unlike  
,w$gwood's que5's-w>e 9 color1 & is     
slightly crackl$2 ov] ?is are ?r[n      
sprays ( plants1 ) ri* diap]$ bord]s1 ! 
effect ( :i* is enhanc$ by ! delicacy ( 
! colors & ! ri*ness ( ! gild+4 ,?is w>e
 is probably n v anci5t4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,b4   
,mit=d has in=m$ me t he does n rememb] 
see+ any specim5s m ?an fifty ye>s old1 
& t ! olde/ 7 undecorat$4  ,ano!r       
beautiful w>e is t made ne> ,kioto1 9   
:i* ! colors are mu* /rong]1 & ! pa/e ( 
a d>k] t9t4 ,"s ( ! specim5s seem to be 
( consid]able antiquity4  ,at ,kutani 7!

 ,n9e ,valleys71 9 ! prov9ce ( ,kaga1 is
 made ano!r f9e w>e1 "s ( :i* appe>s to 
be porcela94 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic products 
( ?is factory are b[ls & di%es decorat$ 
only 9 r$ ) gild+4  ,ano!r peculi>      
fabric has produc$ v ?9 teapots ( a gray
 /one-w>e1 %[+ ! m>ks ( ! workman's h&s4
 ,mr4 ,mit=d has furni%$ me ) ! foll[+  
note respect+ !m3 ',= "s ?irty ye>s pa/ 
a man nam$ ,banko ,insetzu1 ( ,kuana1 9 
! prov9ce ( ,is1 has be5 fam\s = produc+
 a curi\s k9d ( pott]y1 :i*1 be+ f9i%$  
(f ) ! f+] & ?umb be=e be+ subject$ to !
 fire1 %[s ! l9es ( ! sk9 ( ! h& ^u its 
surface4 ,no teapots equal ^? ( ,banko =
 produc+ a delicate infusion ( tea1 &   
all lov]s ( tea patronize !m2 !y are    
fragile to a degree1 ! pa/e be+ z ?9 z a
 waf]4'  ,! pea*1 or1 z ! ,japanese t]m 
x1 ! pea* ( longevity1 is a favorite    
decoration ) ! ,japanese2 we c          
appreciate its value1 z "o ( ! f9e/     
fruits ( our temp]ate zone4 ,we give "h 
7,fig4 #abd7 a teapot %[+ ! fruit ) "s (
 ! leaves4 ,?is is copi$ f ,jacquem>t2 b

 ! curi\s may see a bett] example at !  
,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 f ,mr4    
,av]y's ,ori5tal collection4  ,japanese 
art is /ill m m>k$ ?an ! ,*9ese 9 t x is
 z free & yet m delicate4 ,! arti/      
cle>ly 0 a close obs]v] ( ,nature1 & saw
 & felt its inf9ite v>iety2 saw1 too1 t 
,nature 0 nev] squ>e1 or r\nd1 or d\ble4
 ,no?+ 9 ,nature ne$ duplicate any o!r  
?+4  ,we ,occid5tals h delight$ 9 ! use 
(--  ,! squ>e1  ,! circle1 &  ,( pairs1 
or a symmetrical arrangem5t ( ornam5t1  
or ( columns1 or op5+s4  ,we h also f\nd
 a crude satisfaction 9 ! use ( /rong1  
gl>+ colors4  ,we h delight$ to copy &  
to tell a common /ory 9 a common way 9  
our decorations4  ,i believe ?is is     
:olly wrong4 ,! ,japanese arti/ nev]    
uses ! squ>e1 or ! circle1 or ! pair4   
,nor does he use crude & gl>+ colors2   
always ! mo/ subtile & fasc9at+ %ades & 
vani%+ t9ts4  ,he sugge/s ! /ory2 he    
nev] tells x z ,watteau did4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abd4--,teapot )   
,pea* ,decoration4  ,a pair ( vases     

belong+ to ,mrs4 ,james1 ( ,cambridge1 h
 a picture ( a g5tleman & lady1 above ^:
 heads is se5 a canopy or ro(4 ,! mean+ 
is ?us expla9$ by a ,japanese g5tleman (
 ?is day1 :o 0 9 ,bo/on3  ,! figures    
repres5t$ are a nobleman & 8 wife1 "o ( 
! five hundr$ families ( ! fl[]y class2 
!y are dress$ 9 ! anci5t co/ume (       
,japan1 n[ no long] worn4  ,! "p ( a t5t
 or pavilion indicates t !y are         
out-(-doors1 at a picnic2 ! :ite        
blossoms ( ! *]ry :i* surr\nd !m %[ a   
favorite tree 9 ,japan2 ! color ( ?is   
vase & ! k9d ( crackle prove its age4   
,all is sugge/$2 ! imag9ation is spok5  
to1 n ! intellect2 ! arti/ feels1 &     
makes u feel4  ,we are =c+ ourselves &  
our civilization ^u ! ,japanese :o d n  
want u1 & we curse !m4 ,we h attack$ !  
simplicity ( _! lives1 we %all increase 
_! immorality1 & we %all degrade _! art4
 ,tw5ty ye>s h5ce1 arti/ic & pati5t "w w
 h disappe>$ f among !m4  ,good "w has  
almo/ disappe>$ f among u1 z well z f   
,europe3 we d all 9 a hurry1 all =      

*eapness1 all = money4 ,! arti/1 !      
workman1 delight no m 9 p]fect "w1 :i*  
is ,godlike4  ,progress1 !y tell u1     
requires u to =ce ! ,japanese to trade )
 u4 ,x is a mu*-abus$ ^w2 9 ! h&s (     
plund]]s & trad]s x means only--,y %all 
give u ! opportunity to *eat y4 ,we h   
dem&$ t1 & h succe$$2 b we %all be none 
! bett] = x1 & ! ,japanese w be ! worse4
 ,!y w le>n1 d le>n fa/1 to *eat back2 &
 already we see signs ( x 9 _!          
demoraliz$ productions4 ,!y are already 
mak+ copies--c\nt]feits ( "s ( !        
high-pric$ porcela9s ( ,*9a--& putt+ on 
^! ! m>ks int5d$ to deceive4  ,fools    
say1 ,trade is a bless+2 wise m51 ,x is 
(t5] a curse4 ,hone/1 fai?ful production
 is a bless+2 juggl+1 b>t]1 is always a 
curse4  ,9 ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition at   
,philadelphia ! ,japanese _h ! l>ge/ & !
 f9e/ exhibit ( porcela94 ,we 7 told by 
! (ficials t !re are at ,hiz5 "s five   
factories ( fictile w>es2 at ,kioto1 t52
 at ,ow>i1 ?ree2 at ,kaga1 five2 at     
,satsuma1 "o2 at ,banko1 "o2 & at ,tokio

 7,y$o71 =ty-?ree4 ,?is la/ /atem5t 0 a 
surprise1 b x 0 reit]at$4  ,! porcela9s 
( ,hiz5 rank fir/1 & ! exhibit f !re 0 !
 l>ge/4 ,! two great vases1 "s eight    
feet high1 ( lacqu] or porcela91 7 !    
l>ge/ pieces ( pott]'s "w we _h ev] se51
 & !y seem$ *eap at tw5ty-five hundr$   
doll>s4 ,9 ! middle "p ( ! two great    
cases 7 two small tea-sets ( "s five    
pieces ea*1 :i* 7 ! f9e/ ( porcela9 9   
all p>ticul>s1 & yet no "o b\ght !m at  
"o hundr$ & ?irty doll>s ea*2 n ev5 !   
,philadelphia ,museum1 :i* %[$ a m>vel\s
 skill 9 select+ ! be/4 ,!re 7 also q a 
numb] ( excell5t pots & vases1 f :i*    
,mr4 ,br[n secur$ a v desirable pair1   
sage-gre5 ) :ite b&s conta9+ grotesque  
designs4  ,x 0 to be expect$ t ! ,*9ese 
& ! ,japanese1 if !y made an exhibit at 
all1 w\ld take ! places ( honor4 ,?is !y
 h done = quantity1 & ! ,japanese d s = 
quality also4  ,! ,ow>i porcela9 is     
mo/ly ! blue4 ,! body or pa/e seem$     
cle>1 b !re 0 a want ( good =m &        
sup]iority ( color+ & decoration4 ,"s   

excell5t & /rik+ pieces c\ld be f\nd "h4
 ,b1 s f> z "o visit c\ld reveal1 !re 0 
no?+ equal to ! old six-m>k blue4  ,!   
,kioto is a fai5ce ( a weak] body ?an ! 
,satsuma1 & runn+ m to a lemon-yell[4   
,its decoration is m>k$ by a c]ta9      
delicacy :i* 9 small articles is good1 b
 :i* 9 l>ge ones lacks /r5g?4 ,%imzi1 ( 
,kioto1 _h a case ( good pieces4        
,meyagama1 ( ,yokohama1 _h "s delightful
 porcela9 vases1 decorat$ 9 relief )    
butt]flies1 plants1 etc41 :i*1 x is     
satisfactory to "k1 7 b\ght by our ,new 
,york fri5ds4  ,! case ( old w>es %[n by
 ,kiriu ,ko%o ,kuwai%a1 f ,tokio1       
conta9$ a collection :i* _h a k9d (     
my/]i\s fasc9ation ev5 to u outside     
b>b>ians1 :i* we suppose might h become 
an int5se desire to possess1 c\ld we h  
kn[n any?+ ab\t !m4     ,,*apt] ,,xii4  
,,! ,,porcela9s ,,( ,,c5tral            
,,europe--,,dresd51 ,,b]l91 ,h,,*/1     
,,etc4       ,dresd5 ,*9a4--,porcela9 9 
,europe4--,! ,al*emi/s4--,augu/us       
,,ii4--,bttg]4--,ts*irnhaus4--,exp]im5ts

4--,kaol9      discov]$4--,hroldt &     
,kndl]4--,f9e ,art1 or ,decorative      
,art4--,l9d5ir4--,angelica              
,kauffmann4--,rococo-,"w4--,collectors4-
-,m>col9i4--,prices4--,m>ks4            
--,b]l94--,! ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w>4--,fr$]ick
 ! ,great4--,prices4                    
--,m>ks4--,vi5na4--,/5zel4--,m>ia       
,!resa4--,lampre*t4--,prices4           
--,m>ks4--,hung>y4--,h]5d4--,fis*]4--,m>
ks4--,h*/1 or ,may5ce4                  
--,r+l]4--,m>ks4--,frank5?al1 or        
,bav>ian4--,c>l ,!odor4--,mel*ior4      
--,prices4--,m>ks4--,fr/5burg1 or       
,brunswick4--,von                       
,lang4--,prices4--,m>ks4                
--,nymph5burg4--,he9tzmann &            
,l9demann4--,prices4--,m>ks4--,ludwigsbu
rg1      or                             
,kron5burg4--,fulda4--,hesse-,cassel4--,
switz]l&4--,m>ks4   ,9 ?is *apt] ,i wi% 
to give "s compreh5sive acc\nt ( ! fam\s
 porcela9 ( ,dresd51 :i* 9 ,europe fir/ 
came into prom95ce1 & kept its place = s
 long a "t4 ,) ?is ! o!r manufactories (

 ,c5tral & ,ea/]n ,europe w be gr\p$1 = 
conv5i5ce r ?an = ! purposes (          
classification4 ,we w take a            
compreh5sive survey (--  #a4 ,dresd51   
,meiss51 or ,saxony 7x has all ^!       
names74  #b4 ,b]l91 or ,prussian4  #c4  
,vi5na & ,hung>y4  #d4 ,h*/1 or ,may5ce4
  #e4 ,fr/5burg1 or ,brunswick4  #f4    
,frank5?al1 or ! ,palat9ate4  #g4       
,nymph5burg4  #h4 ,kron5burg4  #i4      
,fulda4  #aj4 ,limba*4  #aa4 ,switz]l&1 
etc4  ,we are apt to ?9k t ! m5tal =ce (
 ,europe1 d[n to v rec5t days q into !  
la/ c5tury1 0 direct$ almo/ :olly to !  
sci5ce & ! practice ( w>4 ,a great =ce  
c]ta9ly 0 s exhau/$2 b !re 0 also1 aft] 
! ,r5aissance 7,a4 ,d4 #abjj to #acjj71 
a p[]ful /ream turn$ ^u lit]ature1      
sci5ce1 art1 & religion4 ,! al*emi/s1 9 
_! se>*+s = ! secret ( happ9ess--= !    
*ang+ ( bas] ?+s to gold--9 _! hunt = ! 
f\nta9 ( p]5nial y\?1 7 all *emi/s2 &   
out ( _! 7:at we are pleas$ to t]m7     
vision>y notions came _m discov]ies mo/ 
curi\s & valuable to man4  ,:51 9 #aeah1

 ! ,portuguese introduc$ f9e ,ori5tal   
porcela9s into ,europe1 &1 aft] !m1 !   
,dut* br\ght by %ip-loads ! beautiful   
productions ( ,*9a & ,japan1 !y 7 spread
 ov] ,europe l wat] pass+ its dikes4 ,e 
k+1 e noble1 e man ( ta/e1 0 t\*$ z by a
 fairy w&1 & became inspir$ ) a desire (
 possession1 & also ) a wi% to create   
su* articles ( use & beauty4 ,b !       
secrets ( porcela9 7 lock$ 9 ! s\ls ( ^?
 ke5 ,ori5tals1 :o w\ld n "p ) _! k4    
,/ill ! *emi/s1 ! al*emi/s1 ( ,europe 7 
at "w1 pe]+ ) curi\s eyes into !        
composition ( ! mo/ exquisite ( fictile 
w>e4 ,! pa/e1 ! glaze1 ! ornam5t--all 7 
( pr(\nd int]e/4 ,pott]y ( v>i\s k9ds _h
 be5 made 9 ,europe f ! e>lie/ times1 b 
no porcela94  ,h[ c\ld ! sup]ior        
,european compete ) or equal ! inf]ior  
,mongol8 ,a h>d "q4  ,= a long "t x has 
be5 believ$ t ! e>lie/ ,european        
production ( porcela9 0 9 ,saxony1 ab\t 
! ye>s #agaj to #agae4 ,b )9 a late     
p]iod x has be5 f\nd t porcela9--s(t    
pa/e--0 discov]$ & made 9 ,flor5ce z f> 

back z #aege to #aehg1 "u ! direction & 
patronage ( ,francesco ,i4 7de' ,m$ici71
 ! ,gr&-duke ( ,tuscany4 ,no great      
quantities 7 made1 & b few pieces ( x   
exi/ n[1 ( :i* we may treat h]eaft]4  ,!
 porcela9 ( ,dresd5 is also call$ ,saxon
 & ,meiss52 ,dresd5 be+ ! capital (     
,saxony1 & ,meiss5 ! village1 "s twelve 
miles f ,dresd51 :]e ! factories are    
e/abli%$4  ,h[ 7 !y e/abli%$1 & :y8     
,augu/us ,,ii41 ,elector ( ,saxony1 &   
aft]w>d by election ,k+ ( ,pol&1 born 9 
#afgj1 0 a man ( exp5sive habits &      
luxuri\s ta/es4 ,:ile a "y man he visit$
 ,italy & o!r c\ntries1 always indulg+  
^! ta/es by ! pur*ase ( pictures & o!r  
works ( art4 ,! beautiful porcela9s (   
,*9a & ,japan1 !n r>e 9 ,europe1 int]e/$
 him1 & he became ( c\rse a collector2 &
 s he cont9u$ ?r\gh 8 luxuri\s &        
tr\blesome life4 ,t ,i _c write2 x may  
only be said t he comb9$ ) ,pet] !      
,great & ) ,d5m>k to drive out & keep   
out ( 8 "p ( ,europe t ent]pris+ &      
indefatigable fight]1 ,*>les ,,xii4 (   

,sw$51 & 0 himself utt]ly r\t$ & driv5 f
 ,pol& 9 #agjd4 ,he /ill reta9$ ! ?rone 
( ,saxony1 to :i* 8 son succe$$4 ,?is   
elector inh]it$ ! ta/es & habits ( 8    
fa!r1 & cont9u$ to enc\rage & support ! 
manufactory ( porcela9 at ,meiss51      
until1 entangl+ himself ) ,m>ia ,!resa (
 ,au/ria 9 an alliance aga9/ ,fr$]ick ! 
,great1 t re/less & irresi/ible k+      
ov]ran 8 c\ntry1 & = a "t de/roy$ !     
production ( porcela9 9 ,saxony 7,a4 ,d4
 #agef74  ,9 #agjf x appe>s t a         
,prussian nam$ ,bttg]1 an apo!c>y's     
cl]k1 9 dang] ( p]secution z an al*emi/1
 fl$ to ,dresd5 = safety4 ,! elector1   
believ+ or hop+ t he knew ! secret (    
mak+ gold1 s5t = him1 anxi\s to le>n !  
secret1 :i* ,bttg] d5i$ t he possess$4  
,! elector ?\ght x be/1 nev]!less1 to   
put him 9 *>ge1 = safe-keep+1 ( 8       
al*emi/ ,ts*irnhaus2 & ) him he work$   
on1 seek+ to discov] ! philosoph]'s     
/one4 ,t he did n discov]--few h done   
s--b1 9 mix+ clays & prep>+ crucibles1 x
 s *anc$ t a h>d & semi-vitre\s pott]y 0

 produc$1 :i* at once excit$ att5tion & 
%>p5$ inv5tion4 ,0 x porcela91 or c\ld x
 be work$ into porcela98 ,f t day       
,bttg]'s :ole ?\ght & +5uity 7 at "w to 
produce porcela92 ! philosoph]'s /one 0 
=gott51 & he & ,ts*irnhaus work$ at _!  
new problem4  ,:ile ! "* ( ,bttg] does n
 be> c>eful inspection1 !re is no "q t  
he 0 a ke51 dext]\s1 & d>+ man4 ,!      
picture we h ( him indicates a man (    
executive =ce 7,fig4 #abe74             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abe4--;,johann    
,fri$ri* ,bttg]4  ,9 #agjh "s w>e 0     
produc$ by him & ,ts*irnhaus :i*        
approa*$ ! *>act]s ( ,ori5tal porcela91 
b x 0 n :ite or transluc5t4 ,a teapot ( 
?is w>e 9 r$ unglaz$1 & "o 9 black      
glaz$1 are 9 ! valuable collection ( ,w4
 ,c4 ,prime1 ,esq41 ( ,new ,york 7,fig4 
#abf1 ! two tall teapots on ! "r &      
left74  ,?is 0 n :ite1 nor 0 x true1    
porcela94 ,9 #agaj1 h[ev]1 !y succe$$ 9 
mak+ :ite porcela9 ( an inf]ior quality2
 x 0 ?ick & muddy4 ,no?+ z yet 0 p]fect4
 ,:at !y lack$ 0 ! two f9e mat]ials kn[n

 to ! ,*9ese z kaol9 & pe-tun-tse4      
,kaol9 is a native clay1 ! result (     
decay$ feldsp>4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,europe at 
,aue 9 ,saxony1 ne> ,/4-,yrieix-la-,p]*e
 9 ,france1 9 ,cornwall 9 ,engl&1 & 9   
,delaw>e 9 ,am]ica4  ,pe-tun-tse is a   
silice\s /one f\nd 9 ,*9a1 & 9          
,cornwall1 ,engl&1 is kn[n z a granite4 
,?is la/ melts at a l[] heat1 & a       
mixture ( kaol9 is ess5tial to give     
/r5g? & h>dness to ! "w4  ,ori5tal *9a  
7& all true porcela97 has ! quality (   
h>dness1 &1 :5 held up to ! light1 (    
transluc5cy4  ,european porcela9s are   
kn[n z h>d & s(t1 ! pte dure & pte t5dre
 ( ! ,fr5*4 ,! ,dresd5 *9a is h>d4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abf4--;,dresd54   
,9 #agaj ,bttg] _h n succe$$ 9 mak+     
p]fect porcela94 ,he _h n yet ! p]fect  
clay4 ,b ! clay 0 f\nd2 & ?is1 too1 0   
accid5tal--s we n[ t]m x3 once1 a happy 
discov]y 0 call$ provid5tial4 ,!        
discov]y came at ! "r mom5t4 ,x seems t 
a ri* iron-ma/] ( ,saxony1 :5 rid+ "o   
day 7#agaa71 saw t 8 horse's feet 7 held

 ) t5acity 9 a s(t :ite clay4 ,x /ruck  
him t ?is :ite clay might be dri$ & made
 into hair-p[d]1 !n greatly 9 use4 ,he  
tri$ x2 x succe$$1 & l>ge quantities 7  
sold4 ,! hair-dress] ( ,bttg] us$ x1 &1 
:5 ,bttg] f\nd x 0 heavy & a m9]al1 he  
at once appli$ x to ! production (      
porcela94 ,eureka6 ! secret 0 f\nd6  ,x 
0 kaol91 ! great clay--! body or bones (
 porcela94 ,d\bt fl$4 ,c\rage 0 assur$4 
,augu/us at once built ! great factory  
at ,meiss51 & 9 #agae en\gh porcela9 0  
produc$ to be (f]$ = sale at ! fair (   
,leipsic4 ,! fir/ w>e made 0 :ite1 & ?is
 0 ornam5t$ ) v9e-leaves & grapes 9     
l[-relief1 or 0 pi]c$ ?r\gh ! sides or  
bord]s4 ,x is d\btful :e!r any ( ?is    
:ite 0 sold1 mo/ ( x be+ dispos$ ( z    
pres5ts4  ,! fir/ color us$ 0 blue1     
probably 9 imitation ( ! ,nank+ w>e4    
,bttg]1 :o appe>s to h be5 a sort (     
arti/ic scamp1 di$ 9 #agai1 at ! age (  
?irty-sev51 a victim ( 8 own vices2 b 8 
"w 0 c>ri$ onw>d by o!rs4  ,! news ( ?is
 successful discov]y spread1 l fire on a

 prairie1 ?r\gh\t ,europe1 & e device 0 
resort$ to to get at ! secrets1 :i* 7   
closely gu>d$ at ,meiss54 ,e director & 
(fic] 0 mon?ly sworn to secrecy2 e      
workman _h be=e 8 eyes1 ,be secret to   
dea?6 & x 0 well kn[n t any traitor w\ld
 be puni%$ ) imprisonm5t1 or worse4  ,! 
works 7 cont9u$1 aft] ! dea? ( ,bttg]1  
"u ,hroldt's direction2 & x 0 dur+ ?is  
"t t ! decorations swung cle> ( ,ori5tal
 imitation4 ,pa9t+ 9 colors1 & gild+1 7 
employ$2 vases1 di%es1 s]vices1 7 made2 
delicate copies ( pa9t+s 7 produc$2 also
 birds1 insects1 animals1 fl[]s1 etc4   
,a sculptor nam$ ,kndl] 0 employ$ f     
#agca to #agfc1 & "u him figures ( _m   
sorts 7 produc$1 "s ( !m /ill q         
fam\s--,! ,tailor & 8 ,wife rid+ on     
goats1 figures ( ! ,c>nival ( ,v5ice1   
figur9es ( ,cupids1 ( lawy]s1 doctors1 &
 _m pr(essions & trades4 ,he also model$
 animals & birds1 ! twelve ,apo/les1 (  
life-size1 etc4  ,*aff]s quotes f !     
,london ,magaz9e ( #agec3 ,?is fabric1  
:i* br+s annually great sums ( money    

into ! c\ntry1 is daily increas+ 9      
reputation1 & is c>ri$ to all ! c\rts ( 
,europe4 ,ev5 ! ,turks come f           
,con/ant9ople to pur*ase x1 & ! r>e/    
pieces t are made are c>ri$ ?i!r to     
embelli% ! gr&-seignior's & 8 great     
(fic]s' h\ses & s]aglios4  ,let u quote 
fur!r f ! same3 ,! sets ( porcela9 =    
tea1 c(fee1 or *ocolate1 may be _h =    
fifte5 to sixty gu9eas4 ,!re is "o      
p>ticul> k9d f :i* !y w abate no?+ ( "o 
hundr$ gu9eas ! set2 ?is is a d\ble     
porcela91 n made at once1 b a second    
lay] add$ to ! fir/ =m1 resembl+ a      
honey-comb on ! outside1 :i* is ( a     
pale-br[n color1 ! letts or cavities be+
 all pa9t$1 z well z ! bottoms ( !      
insides ( ! cups & di%es4 ,?is1 z all   
o!r sorts1 may be _h pa9t$ ) l&scapes & 
figures1 birds1 insects1 fruits1 fl[]s3 
! fir/ be+ ! de>]2 ! latt]1 ! be/       
execut$1 be+ almo/ equal to ,nature 9   
beauty & livel9ess ( ! colors4 ,! gr\nds
 ( all ^! diff]5t sorts ( porcela9 are  
v>i\s1 "s be+ pa9t$ on :ite1 o!rs on    

p9k2 "s 9 comp>tm5ts1 o!rs )\t4 ,!      
spaces betwe5 are sometimes ( a :ite1   
yell[1 or pea-gre5 color2 or ! :ole     
gr\nd is :ite1 ) runn+ fl[]s4 ,?is sort 
& ! pea-gre5 9 comp>tm5ts are ! newe/   
made & 9 ! mo/ elegant ta/e4            
,table-s]vices at ?is "t co/ f "o hundr$
 to "o ?\s& gu9eas ea*1 accord+ to !    
numb] ( pieces & ! elaborat5ess ( !     
decoration4  ,! figure-pieces1 "s fifte5
 in*es high1 7 sold at f sixte5 to tw5ty
 gu9eas2 & ! small] figur9es1 five or   
six in*es high1 = z _m p\nds4  ,^!      
,dresd5 figures ( ?is e>ly p]iod n[ sell
 = v high prices1 & are mu* s\ght =1 z  
are also ! figure-pieces ( ! ,h*/ &     
,*elsea factories4  ,b let u ask        
ourselves1 ,:y %\ld we pay su* great    
prices = "w :i*1 z art1 has b a reflect$
 value8 ,i am sure t no great sculptor w
 apply 8 be/ "w to *9a1 or to any       
mat]ial :i* is s liable to be spoil$ 9 !
 bak+1 & to "o :i*1 aft] all1 is n suit$
 to :at we t]m high or f9e art4  ,^!    
figures are ( value1 ( c\rse1 z         

illu/rations ( ! possibilities1 & also z
 hi/orical illu/rations1 ( ! gr[? &     
developm5t ( ! fictile art4 ,no man w   
wi% to h an ,ariadne 9 *9a made by an   
excell5t arti/1 if he c h ! same "w ( ! 
same arti/ 9 m>ble4  ,we h ! same feel+ 
9 reg>d to a f9e pa9t+3 w\ld any "o wi% 
to ex*ange ! ,dresd5 ,madonna ( ,raphael
 on ! canvas = a p]fect copy 9 mosaic1  
or 9 ! mo/ exquisite ,gobel9 tape/ry8   
,none4 ,& yet ! mosaic or ! tape/ry has 
co/ t5 times m ( human labor4  ,!       
artificialities ( life come to be       
supreme at times1 & ! human m9d1 9 "s   
/ages ( developm5t1 loses all s5se ( :at
 is good or bad1 9 an exagg]at$         
appreciation ( :at is difficult or      
uncommon2 &1 9 _m cases1 a fa%ion or :im
 ( ! h\r rides d[n a s\nd judgm5t4      
,among ! m intellectual peoples ?is     
prevails4  ,assum+ t ! ,ori5tals are    
races :o p]ceive or feel1 r ?an         
reason--:ile ! rev]se ( ?is is true (   
,europeans & ,am]icans--we f9d our art  
(t5 los+ its way1 :i* t ( ! ,ori5tals   

seldom does4 ,! natural or in/9ctive    
s\l1 by its native s5se1 is guid$ 9     
matt]s ( color & decoration m truly ?an 
we :o attempt to reason out ^! ?+s4 ,n[1
 apply+ ?is to ! facts ( fictile art1 we
 f9d t ! ,*9ese & ,japanese nev]        
attempt$ figure-"w 9 porcela91 except 9 
"s few cases ( burlesques1 or ( animals 
& birds4 ,_! "w 0 appli$ to t :i* comes 
into ! uses ( life--= ! table fir/ &    
mo/ly2 aft] t = vases1 :i* became works 
( pure ornam5t1 b yet beh9d :i* lay !   
motive ( use4 ,9 all ?is1 x seems to me1
 ! ,ori5tals 7 "r1 & ! ,saxons wrong4   
,i believe1 !n1 t ! be/ & pure/ art w be
 f\nd 9 porcela9 :5 appli$ to !         
decoration ( d9n] & tea s]vices1 (      
vases1 & ( articles :i* d n attempt to  
rival sculpture or high art2 & ^? may   
rea* p]fection1 :ile ! porcela9         
sculptures w n4  ,i believe1 too1 t !   
be/ /yle ( decoration = porcela9 is n   
imitative1 b sugge/ive--t is1 an        
elaborate & c>eful copy ( a fl[] or a   
figure ^u ! clay is n s appropriate or s

 satisfactory z a free translation ( !  
s5tim5t ( ! fl[] or ! figure1 :i*       
sugge/s x to ! s\l r ?an tickles ! eye4 
,x is n appropriate1 s x seems to me1 t 
a delicate pa9t+ ( a beautiful girl %\ld
 be made on ! d9n]-plate ^u :i* y are to
 put y\r squa% or y\r pudd+2 su*        
delicate p5cil+ %\ld be devot$ to art   
pure & simple--to f9e art1 z x is call$4
 ,su* pa9t+s on *9a _c be put to use2 !y
 are too co/ly1 & !re=e !y fail to be   
ei!r useful art or f9e art4  ,n[1 !     
t5d5cy ( ,european porcela9-decoration  
is always 9 ?is f9e-art direction1 & is 
always false2 t ( ,ori5tal porcela9 is  
always 9 ! useful-art direction1 & !re=e
 true4  ,! pure :ite porcela9 ( ,meiss5 
0 n at fir/ sold1 b 0 res]v$ = ! k+'s   
use1 or = pres5ts to di/+ui%$ p]sonages4
 ,9 lat] times x 0 sold1 & is /ill2 & ! 
pieces s dispos$ ( h a scrat* cut across
 ! m>k1 to indicate t !y 7 n pa9t$ 9 !  
factory4  ,! works at ,meiss5 grew 9    
importance & 9 public favor up to ! "t (
 ! ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w> 7#agef to #agfc71 :5

 ,fr$]ick ! ,great ov]ran ,saxony1 broke
 up ! ,meiss5 factory1 & remov$ ! workm5
 to ,b]l91 :]e he e/abli%$ ! ,prussian  
pott]ies1 :i* aft]w>d came to be ( great
 consequ5ce4  ,an ,engli% m]*ant visit$ 
! works at ,meiss5 9 #agej1 & f\nd ab\t 
sev5 hundr$ m5 employ$1 mo/ ( :om h n   
above t5 ,g]man cr[ns a mon?1 & ! highe/
 wages are =ty1 s t ! annual exp5se is n
 e/imat$ above eighty ?\s& cr[ns4 ,?is  
manufactory be+ entirely = ! k+'s       
acc\nt1 he sells ye>ly to ! value ( "o  
hundr$ & fifty ?\s& cr[ns1 & sometimes  
two hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns 7?irty-five ?\s&  
p\nds /]l+#ad71 besides ! magnific5t    
pres5ts he occasionally makes1 & ! great
 quantity he pres]ves = 8 own use4  ,!  
be/ p]iod ( ,dresd5 production is       
e/imat$ z be+ f ab\t #agcj to #agef4    
,dur+ ?is p]iod ! works ( ,kndl] 7 made1
 & also ! pa9t+s ( ,l9d5ir1 :i* are mu* 
valu$4 ,9 ,fig4 #abf is to be se5 a f9e 
plate ) a pi]c$ bord]1 9 ! c5tre ( :i*  
are pa9t$ birds1 9 ! /yle introduc$ by  
,l9d5ir4 ,! o!r pieces %[n 9 ,fig4 #abf 

are excell5t examples ( good ,meiss5    
porcela92 ! cup & sauc]1 %[+ ,cupids1 is
 mo/ delicately & elaborately pa9t$4    
,among ^? :o pa9t$ some:at ^u ! ,dresd5 
*9a 0 ,angelica ,kauffmann1 ^: figures  
are p]vad$ ) a c]ta9 grace & ref9em5t   
always *>m+4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#abg4--;,dresd54  ,fig4 #abg %[s "s     
*oice small pieces f ,mr4 ,wales's      
collection ,! c5tre fl[]-di% is v f9ely 
pa9t$ ) birds1 & ! me&]+ lip1 int5d$ to 
conf9e ! fl[]s1 is peculi>4  ,! two cups
 & sauc]s on ! "r are v ri*ly gild$1 !  
comp>tm5ts conta9+ delicate fl[]-pa9t+4 
,! cup & sauc] on ! left is "o ( ! be/  
examples ( ! ,m>col9i p]iod2 ! gild$    
edges are exquisitely done1 & ! fl[]s1  
pa9t$ 9 t5d] br[ns & gre5s--n 9 high    
colors or 9 ! colors ( ,nature--are     
*>m+4  ,_m pieces ( ! old ,dresd5       
porcela9 7& ( mod]n "w  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #abh4--;,dresd5 ,vase4  also7 are
 elaborately decorat$ ) rococo scrolls &
 fl[]-"w 9 relief1 appli$ ^u c&elabra1  
*&eli]s1 vases1 cups1 etc4 ,unsympa!tic 

buy]s w be apt to seize ^u ^! pieces1 & 
!y are mo/ common 9 ord9>y collections2 
b !y are v f> f be+ ! be/ or ! mo/      
int]e/+4 ,?is /yle ( "w 0 introduc$ &   
practis$ by ,kndl] 7#agca to #agfc7 at !
 p]iod :5 ! be/ works 7 produc$2 b ?is  
/yle ( "w is n itself ! be/1 ?\gh x may 
be ! mo/ co/ly4  ,9 ,fig4 #abh we pres5t
 "o ( ! mo/ elaborate & magnific5t      
examples ( ?is excessive decoration4    
,no?+ is sp>$2 ! pa9t+ is mo/ delicate1 
! fl[]s mo/ intricate1 ! figures all mo/
 p]fectly model$2 & yet ^u "o x produces
 satiety4 ,x is ov]done4 ,l an ov]dress$
 woman1 we h lo/ ! div9e creation 9 h]  
clo!s4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4            
#abi4--;,dresd54  ,9 ,fig4 #abi may be  
se5 a /yle ( ,dresd5 "w :i* has _h mu*  
popul>ity2 x is co/ly1 = x %[s great    
difficulties well surm\nt$4 ,b d y c>e =
 x z y w\ld = a f9e plate or an ample   
pun*-b[l8  ,x is a c&elabrum sold at !  
,b]nal collection1 & is ?us describ$3 ,a
 pair ( sup]b c&elabra1 ea* =m$ ( a     
female drap$ figure be>+ scroll-bran*es 

= five lights1 seat$ on p$e/als1 r\nd   
:i* ,cupids are support+ %ields-(-arms4 
,^! magnific5t objects ( decoration are 
tw5ty-f\r in*es high4  ,! price 0 two   
hundr$ & ?irty-"o p\nds /]l+ 7elev5     
hundr$ & fifty-five doll>s74  ,x may n  
be amiss to h9t to incipi5t collectors t
 n all ,dresd5 porcela9 is equally      
beautiful or desirable--:i* is true ( ! 
pa9t+s ( ,raphael or ,murillo--& t e    
collector %\ld consid] ! intr9sic       
excell5ce ( ea* piece1 r ?an ! m>k or "n
 ( ! factory4  ,! productions ( !       
,dresd5 factory h cont9u$ d[n to !      
pres5t "t1 b ! p]iods ( greate/         
excell5ce h be5 f #agca to #agef1 & f   
#agfc to #ahad4  ,9 #agif ,c\nt ,m>col9i
 0 made director1 & "u him 0 produc$ "s 
( ! f9e/ fl[]-pa9t+2 he also introduc$ !
 classic %apes & decorations into !     
vases2 :i* /yle ( decoration came into  
wide fa%ion dur+ ! days ( ,napoleon ,i41
 :o 0 an imitator ( ,cs>1 & ( ! "w (    
,cs>'s day4  ,"s idea ( ! values (      
pieces ( ,dresd5 *9a may be ( use1 & ,i 

take a few f ! great ,b]nal sale made 9 
,london 9 #ahee3    ,a scallop$ cup &   
sauc]1 ) m9ute l&scapes    #a #ads4     
#h #ej    ,a pair ( cups & sauc]s1 )    
build+s on gold   gr\nd                 
#g #gs4        #cf #ge    ,a c(fee-pot1 
crimson gr\nd1 ) l&scape           #i   
#es4        #df #jj    ,a small oval    
pi]c$ tray1 ) two figures 9 gre52   & a 
small c(fee-pot1 ) figures aft]         
,watteau1   #ai #hs4 #f;d4  #ajj #jj    
,m>ks = ,dresd5 porcela93  ,illu/ration3
 ,augu/us ,rex1 #agji to #agab4         
,illu/ration3 ,! ,caduceus1 ab\t #agab  
to #agbj4  ,illu/ration3 ,bttg]1 ab\t   
#agah4  ,illu/ration3 ,bttg]1 ab\t      
#agah4  ,illu/ration3 ,imitation (      
,ori5tal1 ab\t #agah4  ,illu/ration3    
,hroldt1 manag]1 ab\t #agbj4            
,illu/ration3 ,ab\t #agbf4              
,illu/ration3 ,ab\t #agcj4              
,illu/ration3 ,ab\t #agci4              
,illu/ration3 ,bruhl1 manag]1 ab\t      
#agej4  ,illu/ration3 ,bruhl1 manag]1   
ab\t #agej4  ,illu/ration3 ,meiss5      

,porzellan-,manufactur4  ,illu/ration3  
,e>ly ,m>k4  ,illu/ration3 ,ab\t #agej4 
,illu/ration3 ,knigli*5                 
,porzellan-,manufactur4  ,illu/ration3  
,ab\t #aggj4  ,illu/ration3 ,m>col9i1   
manag]1 ab\t #agif4  ,illu/ration3      
,a small engrav$ cut across ! swords 0  
plac$ on :ite pieces      = sale4 ,:5   
!re are ,,two engrav$ cuts1 x means !   
pieces      are n :olly p]fect4   ,!    
cross$ swords are /ill us$4  ,we (t5    
meet ) pieces ( ,dresd5 *9a :i* h an    
engrav$ cut or scrat* across ! swords1  
:i* indicates1 z be=e said1 t ! pieces h
 be5 pa9t$ outside ! factory4  ,! b$s ( 
f9e clay 9 ,saxony are mu* det]iorat$2 &
 ! productions at ,meiss5 no long] hold 
s high a place z !y once did4  ,,b]l9   
,,porcela9--,,h>d ,,pa/e4--,x 0 n until 
#agea t attempts 7 made to produce      
porcela9 9 ,prussia4 ,?is 0 a private   
ent]prise und]tak5 by a ,mr4 ,wegeley4  
,! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e ( #agec spoke ( 
him 9 ?is way3 ,!re has be5 discov]$ "h 
at ,b]l9 ! :ole art ( mak+ *9a-w>e1 )\t 

any p>ticul> k9d ( e>?1 f a k9d ( /one  
:i* is common en\gh ev]y:]e1 etc4       
,wegeley work$ on = eight ye>s1 b c\ld n
 make ! production pay1 & ab&on$ x2 :5 x
 0 tak5 up by a bank] nam$ ,gottsk[ski  
7#agfb71 :o1 hav+ capital1 pu%$ x t[>d  
success4 ,9 #agfc ! e/abli%m5t 0 b\ght  
by ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 :o made x a royal 
manufactory1 & =c$ a success4           
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acj4--;,b]l9      
,porcela94  ,:5 ,fr$]ick took ,dresd51 !
 porcela9-works at ,meiss5 7 tempor>ily 
susp5d$4 ,he _h an eye to und]/& ! value
 ( ! porcela9 indu/ries1 & he took      
measures to grace 8 capital & increase !
 weal? ( ,prussia by e/abli%+ a great   
manufactory at ,b]l94 ,he c>ri$ (f f    
,meiss5 "s ( ! be/ examples ( ! porcela9
 collection1 transport$ to ,b]l9 tons ( 
! f9e clay1 & borr[$ ! be/ workm5 & !   
mo/ di/+ui%$ arti/s = 8 new factory2    
among ^! ! names ( ,mey]1 ,klipsel1 &   
,bhme1 are m5tion$4  ,! ,b]l9           
productions soon rose into fame & obta9$
 a wide circulation4 ,n only did ! k+   

spread ! "w abroad by means ( exquisite 
pres5ts2 he also took measures at home  
to secure a m>ket4 ,he ord]$ t no ,jew  
%\ld m>ry until he _h provid$ himself a 
suffici5t outfit ( porcela9 f ! royal   
manufactory4 ,n[1 ! ,jew does n l to    
wa/e 8 money1 & he at once s\ght a m>ket
 = ! w>es he _h be5 =c$ to buy4 ,all ?is
 adv]tis$ & spread abroad ! excell5t "w4
  ,dur+ ! collapse ( ,meiss51 ,russia   
became a l>ge cu/om] = ,b]l92 & its     
f9i%$ & elegant d9n]-s]vices w5t into h]
 palaces & mansions4 ,! be/ "w ( ,b]l9  
equals ! be/ "w ( ,dresd52 its pa/e is m
 creamy1 & "s ( its pa9t]s 7 n excell$4 
,a favorite decoration at ,b]l9 0 !     
small ,watteau figure-pieces1 pa9t$ 9   
m$allions or res]ves4 ,its examples (   
pi]c$ or op5-work$ bord] plates are     
excell5t4  ,9 ,fig4 #acj are two        
examples ( ^!1 f ,mr4 ,prime's          
collection1 :i* are p]fectly pa9t$ 9 !  
naturali/ic way4 ,s1 too1 is ! ture51   
:i* has f9ely-model$ heads = h&les1 :i* 
yet are unsatisfactory4 ,?is is "o piece

 ( a l>ge d9n]-s]vice4  ,b]l9 porcela9  
ranks high1 & good specim5s br+ good    
prices4  ,two factories cont9ue to      
produce f9e porcela9--"o at ,b]l91 & "o 
at ,*>lott5b]g1 :i* 0 f\nd$ 9 #agij--;& 
bo? are "u ! direction ( ! /ate4  ,!    
,b]l9 factory grew to su* importance 9 !
 la/ c5tury t x employ$ sev5 hundr$     
workm54  ,! prices paid = "s pieces (   
,b]l9 porcela9 at ! ,b]nal sale 7 z     
foll[s3    ,a ,b]l9 c(fee-pot1 )        
riv]-sc5e & l&scape      #e     #be #jj 
,a plate1 ) ,salmacis & ,h]maphroditus1 
gold bord]1  #ac #ajs4 #fg #jj    ,a cup
 & sauc]1 deep blue1 ) female bu/s 9 r$1
   on gold gr\nd                        
#d #ajs4 #bb #jj    ,a cup & sauc]1 )   
p9k fe/oon bord] & exotic   birds       
#a #ajs4  #g #ej    ,a cup1 cov]1 & /&1 
p9k1 ) black m$allions   ( ! ,pr9cess de
 ,lamballe & h] ciph]                #e 
#aes4 #bi #jj  ,m>ks ( ,b]l9 porcela93  
,illu/ration3 ,?is indicates ,wegeley1 &
 0 9 use ab\t #agea to #agfa4           
,illu/ration3 ,! globe & cross-m>k are  

f\nd on a few pieces1 ab\t #ahcj4       
,illu/ration3 ,! m>k ( ! sceptre 0      
aft]w>d us$ 9 v>i\s =ms4  ,illu/ration3 
#ahcc4  ,illu/ration3 ,ano!r =m (       
sceptre4  ,illu/ration3 ,sometimes ^!   
are pa9t$ ov] ! sceptre4  ,s9ce #ahcc ! 
m>k has be5 a d\ble eagle1 surr\nd$ by !
 words ,porzellan-,manufactur1 ,knigl4  
,! m>k ( ,*>lott5burg has be5 ! d\ble   
eagle cr[n$1 hold+ a sceptre 9 "o h&1 a 
globe 9 ! o!r4  ,,vi5na                 
,,porcela9--,,h>d ,,pa/e4--,! ,vi5na    
manufactory 0 />t$ ab\t #agag to #agbj1 
& 0 a private ent]prise4 ,! pr9cipal man
 0 ,/5zel1 :o _h escap$ f ,meiss51 & 0  
w>mly welcom$ at ,vi5na4 ,he possess$ ! 
,meiss5 secrets1 & 0 able to give "* &  
value to ! ,vi5na w>e4 ,! e>ly examples 
7 ?ick] & co>s] ?an t ( ,dresd51 & !    
pa/e 0 gray] & less pure4 ,x 0 n till   
#agdd1 :5 ,m>ia ,!resa pur*as$ ! works1 
t ,vi5na porcela9 rose to its be/ e/ate4
 ,?is beautiful & capable woman = a long
 "t 0 a prom95t figure 9 ! politics (   
,europe4 ,h] fa!r1 ! ,emp]or ,*>les     

,,vi4 ( ,hapsburg1 dur+ 8 life secur$ to
 h] ! succession ( ! ,au/rian ?rone1 by 
an agreem5t ) ! o!r p[]s call$ !        
,pragmatic ,sanction1 :i*1 h[ev]1 prov$ 
a trea*]\s security1 s t w>s & rumors ( 
w>s foll[$ h]4  ,! porcela9-works 71    
h[ev]1 n neglect$1 & ! patronage ( !    
c\rt1 & ! fa%ion ! c\rti]s made1 secur$ 
a good success2 s t1 9 #aghe1 m ?an five
 hundr$ workm5 7 employ$4  ,n only 7 !  
products l>gely us$ 9 ,au/ria1 b !re    
came a great dem& f ,turkey4 ,! fir/ "w 
01 ( c\rse1 a foll[+ ( ,dresd54 ,! be/  
pa9t]s possible 7 engag$1 & animals1    
l&scapes1 & figures1 7 appli$4          
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aca4--,vi5na &    
,h]5d ,porcela94  ,ab\t #agif a pa9t]   
nam$ ,lampre*t pa9t$ excell5t animals1 &
 8 pieces be> 8 "n2 !y are r>e4 ,"s ( ! 
o!r pa9t]s 7 ,p]g]1 ,fur/l]1 ,we*1 &    
,v>sanni4 ,nigg 0 a pa9t] ( r>e         
fl[]-pieces4  ,! ,turki% dem& caus$ !   
production at ,vi5na1 & also 9 ,hung>y1 
( :at may be call$ ,ori5tal or ,asiatic 
/yles ( decorations4 ,figures1 ( c\rse1 

gave way to arabesques--= no true       
,moslem copies ! human figure--& m &    
ri*] colors 7 us$4  ,! be/ "w 0 made    
dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! la/ c5tury1 :5 a    
/yle ( decoration ( burni%$ gold 9      
relief ^u dead gold 0 us$1 :i* is n[ mu*
 priz$4 ,! "w w5t on1 ) v>y+ success &  
at great co/1 till #ahef1 :5 x 0 giv5   
up4  ,"s ( ! pieces at ! ,b]nal sale 7 z
 foll[s3    ,a plate ) gre5 bord] & :ite
 />s1 ) fl[]s  #b  #bs4  #aj #ej    ,"o 
) br[n & gold bord]1 ) fl[]s            
#a  #as4    #e #jj    ,a plate ) lilac  
bord]1 & friezes1 f gems 9   ,indian-ink
                                        
#cg #afs4  #ahi #jj    ,a cup & sauc]1  
beautifully pa9t$1 ) ,v5us &   ,cupid1  
aft] ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds              
#h #aes4   #dd #jj  ,! teapot & cup &   
sauc] 9 ,fig4 #aca are ,vi5na "w1 & are 
excell5t examples bo? ( pa/e & color+4  
,! ?ree l[] pieces 9 ,fig4 #aca are     
,hung>ian2 ! b[l & sug>-b[l are highly  
color$1 & are v ,ori5tal 9 bo? color &  
decoration4 ,! plate ) fi% is a direct  

imitation ( ! ,*9ese4  ,m>ks = ,vi5na   
porcela93  ,illu/ration3 ,?is %ield     
v>ies 9 %ape & size4 ,x has be5 9 use   
s9ce #agdd4  ,,hung>y4--,t[>d ! end ( ! 
la/ c5tury a porcela9-factory 0 at "w 9 
,h]5d1 at :i* porcela9 ( an ,ori5tal "* 
& mu* ri*ness 0 made4 ,?is 0 d\btless   
int5d$ = ! ,turki% & ,asiatic m>kets4 ,a
 piece b\ght 9 ,ispahan1 z ,ori5tal1 is 
n[ pron\nc$ to be ,h]5d1 & 0 pur*as$ by 
! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum 9 #ahfc4  ,"s   
pieces figur$ on ! l[] l9e ( ! engrav+  
7,fig4 #aca7 %[ ! ,ori5tal "* ( !       
decorations1 b n ! bright & ri* colors4 
,! ^w ,h]5d is f\nd impress$ on ! w>e2  
sometimes 9 incis$ lett]s4  ,9 #ahci    
,fis*] e/abli%$ a porcela9-manufactory1 
:i*1 ,i believe1 is /ill at "w4         
,sometimes he us$ ! %ield ( ! arms (    
,au/ria = a m>k1 & at o!rs 8 own        
initials1 ,,mf 7,morris ,fis*]71 comb9$4
  ,h,,*/ 7,,or ,,may5ce7                
,,porcela9--,,h>d ,,pa/e4--,may5ce1 or  
,ma9z1 0 once a small /ate or du*y1     
presid$ ov] by ! elector1 :o 0 ar*bi%op 

( ! /ate4 ,pott]y _h be5 made !re = _m  
ye>s2 & at la/1 9 #agdj1 an escap$      
workman f ,vi5na1 nam$ ,r+l]1 taught !m 
! secrets ( porcela94 ,he seems to h be5
 a man ( =ce--"o :o work$ = excell5ce--&
 "u 8 direction "s ( ! be/ porcela9 0   
made4 ,:5 ! manufactory became a /ate   
e/abli%m5t1 ! s]vices ( an arti/ nam$   
,mel*ior 7 secur$ z model] & decorator4 
,he 0 "o ( ^? r>e m5 :o h an innate s5se
 ( ! beauties ( =m & proportion1 :i*    
/udy _h made m ke5 & true4  ,8 figures &
 small gr\ps rank highe/ ( any = _! _s1 
grace1 & delicacy1 & comm& to-day       
extreme prices4 ,! lett] ,m is engrav$  
on ! bottom ( _m ( ,mel*ior's           
productions1 9 addition to ! :eel1 or   
:eel & cr[n1 :i* 0 ! common m>k = !     
factory4  ,! vases & table-w>e p>take ( 
! g5]al "* ( ! ,dresd51 :i* l$ all !    
re/2 x _h a good sale1 &1 be+ nev]      
produc$ 9 great quantities1 ! pieces are
 n n[ v common4 ,!y are desir$ 9 all    
good collections1 & ! prices are high4  
,"o day1 :5 ,r+l] _h tak5 too mu* w9e1 8

 workm5 /ole f 8 pocket ! secret = mix+ 
! pa/e1 & f ?is _m ( ! small]           
manufactories ( ,g]many took _! />t4 ,! 
factory 0 de/roy$ by ! ,fr5* 9 #agid4   
,! m>k ( ! ,h*/ w>e 0 a :eel1 ) or )\t !
 cr[n4  ,illu/ration3 ,! :eel 0         
sometimes 9 gold1 !n 9 r$1 !n 9 blue4   
,demm9 ?9ks ^! indicate _! respective   
p]iods s9ce #agbj4  ,,frank5?al1 7,,or  
,,bav>ian7 ,,porcela9--,,h>d            
,,pa/e4--,hannong1 a ,/rasburg pott]1   
hav+ discov]$ ! secret ( porcela91 & be+
 =bidd5 to use x 9 ,france1 s\ght "w 9 !
 palat9ate at a t[n call$ ,frank5?al 9 !
 ye> #aged4 ,soon aft] ?is1 ,r+l]1 :o _h
 _h ! c>e ( ! works at ,h*/1 hav+ _h 8  
secrets /ol51 left t place 9 disgu/1 &  
(f]$ 8 s]vices to ,hannong at           
,frank5?al1 & 0 gladly receiv$4 ,toge!r 
!y at once br\ght _! productions to a   
po9t ( great excell5ce2 & :51 9 #agfa1 !
 ,elector ,palat9e1 ,c>l ,!odor1 pur*as$
 ! works1 & made !m a /ate e/abli%m5t1  
!y grew into great fame4  ,mel*ior1 ^:  
figures _h made ! "w ( ,h*/ s fam\s1 0  

induc$ to come to ,frank5?al1 :]e 8     
skill & ta/e 7 made mo/ useful4         
,examples ( ?is porcela9 are mu* s\ght  
=4  ,! excell5ce ( ! "w decl9$ aft]w>d2 
& ab\t ! ye> #ahjj1 ! c\ntry be+ ov]run 
by ,fr5* armies1 ! works 7 ru9$ & !     
tools 7 sold4  ,! prices at ! ,b]nal    
sale 7 ab\t ! same z ! be/ ,dresd54  ,we
 give "s =m-m>ks suppos$ to belong to   
,frank5?al3  ,illu/ration3 ,cre/ ( !    
,palat9ate4  ,illu/ration3 ,m>k (       
,joseph ,adam ,hannong4  ,illu/ration3  
,! ,cr[n4  ,! fir/1 ! cre/ ( !          
palat9ate1 0 us$ f #agee to #agfa4  ,,ph
 comb9$1 sometimes f\nd on ?is porcela91
 m>ks ! "w ( ,hannong4  ,! cr[n1 ) !    
lett]s ,c4 ,t4 7,c>l ,!odor71 indicates 
! late p]iod f #agfb to #agih4          
,f,,r/5burg 7,,or ,,brunswick7          
,,porcela94--,! int]e/ excit$ by !      
production ( porcela9 at ,dresd51       
,vi5na1 & ,h*/1 inspir$ _m ( ! rul]s (  
/ates ) a desire to e/abli%             
manufactories ( ! beautiful w>es 9 _!   
own dom9ions2 among :om 0 ,*>les1 ,duke 

( ,brunswick 7#agej74 ,"o ( ! ,h*/      
workm5 0 secur$ to sup]9t5d ! works at  
,fr/5burg2 b he soon di$1 :5 ,b>on von  
,lang 0 plac$ 9 *>ge4 ,he 0 an          
accompli%$ *emi/1 & 8 skill1 ) ! funds  
put at 8 disposal by ! duke1 enabl$ him 
to produce "w equal 9 decoration to t at
 ,dresd51 ?\gh ! pa/e is n consid]$ s   
f9e4 ,f9e vases1 gr\ps1 & d9n] & tea    
s]vices1 7 ! result1 :i* are n[ mu*     
priz$4  ,at ! ,b]nal sale a ,fr/5burg   
cup1 cov]1 & /&1 pa9t$ ) fl[]s &        
surm\nt$ by a flame1 sold = six p\nds t5
 %ill+s /]l+ 7?irty-two doll>s74  ,! m>k
 is a cursive lett] ,f m or less rudely 
done 9 blue4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4      
#acb4--;,fr/5b]g4  ,9 ,fig4 #acb is se5 
a basket f ,mr4 ,wales's collection1    
made at ,fr/5burg1 :i* is c>efully      
model$1 ?\gh x be>s v little decoration4
  ,,nymph5burg1 9 ,bav>ia1 _h a small   
porcela9-manufactory z e>ly z #agdf or  
#agdg1 b x seems to h _h only a fitful &
 unc]ta9 exi/5ce until aft] ! dea? (    
,c>l ,!odor1 :5 ! ,frank5?al workm5 7   

tak5 to ,nymph5burg1 c>ry+ ) !m skill1  
ta/e1 & k4 ,! manufactory receiv$ _m    
favors1 & mu* good "w 0 done4 ,among !  
kn[n arti/s employ$ 7 ,he9tzmann1 :o    
pa9t$ l&scapes2 ,adl]1 :o did ! figures2
 & ,l9demann4 ,"s ( ! :ite pieces made  
at ,nymph5burg be> ! impress$ /amp ( !  
factory1 & pa9t]s' m>ks also1 :5        
decorat$ outside ! walls ( !            
manufactory4  ,! e/abli%m5t is said to  
be /ill 9 exi/5ce4 ,nymph5burg 0 once a 
royal palace1 a few miles f ,muni*4  ,at
 ! ,b]nal sale "s pieces sold z foll[s3 
,a ,nymph5burg bas9 ) an elaborate pa9t+
 ( a     battle1 9 ,indian-ink          
#aj             #ej #jj   ,a cup & sauc]
 ) figures1 9 ,indian-ink &     gold    
#b              #aj #jj   ,a bas9 )     
figures & scrolls1 9 ,indian-ink &      
gold                                    
#b #abs4 #f;d4 #ac #jj   ,a bas9 )      
m$allions 9 ,indian-ink1 figures 9      
colors1     & gold scrolls              
#ad              #gj #jj   ,a bas9 )    
?ree l&scapes                           

#d              #bj #jj  ,! m>ks ( !    
,nymph5burg are--  ,illu/ration3 ,!     
%ield ( ! arms ( ,bav>ia4 ,a section (  
?is 0 sometimes us$4  ,illu/ration3 ,!  
d\ble triangle1 ) num]als & lett]s4     
,besides ^! m important manufactories ( 
porcela9 7 a numb] ( less note1 :i*     
sprang up dur+ ?is p]iod ( active       
int]e/2 su* z ^? ( ,ludwigsburg1 or     
,kron5burg1 ,fulda1 ,hesse-,cassel1 etc4
  ,9 ,,?ur+ia1 also1 7 a numb] ( small  
e/abli%m5ts1 _m ( :i* produc$ f9e "w4   
,m>ks ( ,ludwigsburg1 or ,kron5burg3    
,illu/ration3 ,f #ageh4  ,illu/ration3  
,sometimes )\t ! cr[n4  ,m>k ( ,fulda1 9
 ,hesse 7#agfc to #aghj73  ,illu/ration3
 ,signify+ ! ,pr9ce ( ,fulda4  ,m>ks (  
,limba*1 9 ,saxe-,me9+5 7ab\t #agfj73   
,illu/ration3 ,sometimes ?is 0 a script 
,l4  ,illu/ration3 ,ano!r m>k4  ,9      
,,switz]l&1 at ,nyon & at ,zuri*1 small 
factories w5t to "w1 ^: productions are 
s\ght = by collectors2 b !y d n rea* !  
importance ( ! lead+ ,g]man e/abli%m5ts4
 ,! manufactory at ,nyon 7#agab7 _h     

sometimes a fi%1 & sometimes a pa9t]'s  
"n 9 script-lett]s1 z ,guide1 or ,g4    
,illu/ration3 ,nyon-m>k4  ,illu/ration3 
,! m>k ( ,zuri* 7#agee74     ,,*apt]    
,,xiii4  ,,! ,,porcela9 ,,(             
,,france--,,/4-,,cl\d1 ,,*antilly1      
,s,,vres1 ,,etc4       ,h>d & ,s(t      
,porcela94--,discov]y (                 
,kaol94--,/4-,cl\d4--,pte               
,t5dre4--,m>ks4--,r\54--,small          
,manufactories4--,m>ks (                
same4--,*antilly4--,sceaux-,p5?ivre4--,n
id]vill]4--,m>ks4                       
--,limoges4--,svres4--,fl[]-,"w4--,h>d  
,porcela91 ,pte ,dure4      --,! ,gr&   
,mon>que4--,florid                      
,ta/e4--,b\*]4--,vieux                  
,svres4--,?ree ,vases4--,greek          
,vases4--,prices at ,b]nal              
,sale4--,*emi/s4--,colors               
us$4--,collections4--,art ,museums4     
--,alex&re ,brongni>t4--,m>ks & ,dates4 
,! porcela9 ( ,svres is probably bett]  
kn[n ?an any o!r by "n1 if n by sight4  
,! production has be5 /eadily "u !      

protection ( ! /ate s9ce #agfj1 :5 !    
cr[n became sole own] ( ! works4 ,"t1   
?\ght1 skill1 tal5t1 +5uity1 & money1 h 
be5 sp5t ^u ?is "w unceas+ly = m ?an a  
c5tury2 & "s ( ! mo/ elaborate1 mo/     
f9i%$1 & mo/ co/ly pieces ( porcela9 :i*
 ! _w has any:]e se51 h come out ( !    
small t[n ( ,svres4  ,k+s1 nobles1      
poets1 pa9t]s1 h recogniz$ ! beauty &   
value ( ?is "w1 & h giv5 ( _! /r5g? to  
help x onw>d t[>d p]fection4  ,! hi/ory 
( ! manufactory at ,svres might fill a  
book3 "h we are limit$ to a brief space1
 :i* may suffice = mo/ read]s4  ,"s     
exp]ts hold t true porcela9 is only :at 
is kn[n z h>d porcela91 call$ pte dure  
by ! ,fr5*4 ,su* is always ! porcela9 ( 
,*9a & ,japan2 su* is t ( ,dresd5 & !   
c5tre ( ,europe4  ,?is h>d porcela9 has 
always ! two qualities ( h>dness &      
transluc5cy4 ,we h else:]e expla9$ to   
:at ^! qualities are due1 & h[ & :5 !y 7
 br\ght to p]fection 9 ,europe1 fir/ at 
,dresd5 or ,meiss5 7see ,dresd5         
porcela974  ,france lack$ ! peculi> clay

 necess>y = mak+ h>d porcela9 till ! ye>
 #agfe1 :5 *ance discov]$ ! magic e>? at
 ,/4-,yrieix2 aft] :i* "t its           
manufacture 0 br\ght to a high pit* (   
excell5ce at ,svres4  ,! s(t porcela91  
or pte t5dre1 c be made )\t ! admixture 
( ! clay call$ by ! ,*9ese kaol94 ,x has
 ! quality ( transluc5cy1 b lacks       
h>dness & /r5g?4 ,x melts at a l[] heat1
 &1 :ile v delicate & beautiful1 x is n 
s endur+ z ! pte dure4 ,exp]ts c di/+ui%
 ! two at sight2 b !re are "s signs :i* 
w help ! un9itiat$4 ,! s(t porcela9 is  
likely to be m creamy1 & s(t] to ! eye &
 t\*1 ?an ! h>d2 ! pa9t+ bl5ds m into ! 
glaze2 ! bottoms ( ! pieces or ! rims   
are cov]$ ) ! glaze2 :ile1 9 ! h>d      
porcela91 ^! rims1 f /&+ on ! s&$ floor 
( ! furnaces1 %[ no glaze4 ,! pa9t+ on !
 h>d porcela9 is likely to be %>p]1 & m 
on ! surface1 ?an t on ! s(t1 into :i* x
 seems to melt4  ,,/4-,,cl\d4--,be=e !  
discov]y ( kaol9 9 ,europe1 z e>ly z    
#afie1 s(t porcela91 or pte t5dre1 0    
made at ,/4-,cl\d 9 great v>iety & (    

consid]able excell5ce2 & ! /ory ( ,fr5* 
porcela91 begun !re1 may be divid$ into 
two p>ts3 #a4 ,s(t porcela91 begun at   
,/4-,cl\d 9 #afie1 cont9u$ !re1 &       
aft]w>d at ,*antilly2 !n at ,v9c5nes1 9 
#agde2 /ill lat] at ,svres1 9 #agef4 ,! 
production ( s(t porcela91 or pte t5dre1
 cont9u$ at ,svres1 9 company ) t ( !   
pte dure1 until #ahjd4 #b4 ,! h>d       
porcela91 or pte dure ( ! ,fr5*2 :i* 0  
made aft] ! discov]y ( ! kaol9 (        
,/4-,yrieix1 at ,svres4  ,m>ks us$ at   
,/4-,cl\d3  ,illu/ration3 ,! m>k ( !    
,sun4  ,illu/ration3 ,ano!r "o4         
,illu/ration3 ,! fleur-de-lis1 sometimes
 impress$4  ,illu/ration3 ,?is m>k      
indicat$ ! factory & ! "n ( ! director  
7,tr\7 f #agcj to #agfb4  ,! e>ly       
porcela9 made at ,/4-,cl\d is said to h 
be5 q co>se & unsatisfactory4 ,examples 
( x are v sc>ce4 ,t made lat] 0 bett]1 b
 a long way beh9d :at 0 made aft]w>d at 
,svres4  ,at ,,r\51 9 ,france1 porcela9 
appe>s to h be5 made1 b x nev] proce$$ s
 f> z to be a bus9ess4  ,at             

,,m5ecy-,,vill]oy1 ab\t #agce1 s(t pa/e 
0 made2 & lat] !re 7 v>i\s limit$ ef=ts 
at ,brancas-,lauraguais1 at ,arras1 at  
,v9c5nes1 at ,b\logne1 at toilles1 at   
,b\rg-la-,re9e1 at ,clignanc\rt1 at     
,orleans1 at ,luneville1 at ,bordeaux1  
at ,val5ci5nes1 at ,limoges1 at         
,s>reguem9es1 at ,/rasb\rg2 at ,p>is1 a 
great numb]1 "s ( ! products ( :i* are  
/ill 9 exi/5ce4  ,we give ! m>ks ( "s ( 
! mo/ important4  ,m>ks ( ,clignanc\rt3 
,illu/ration3 ,a w9dmill 9 blue4        
,illu/ration3 ,ano!r =m4  ,illu/ration3 
,?is v>ies a good deal 7#agge74         
,illu/ration3 ,monograms ( ,l\is        
,/anislas ,xavi]1 ,c\nt de ,prov5ce4    
,illu/ration3 ,porcela9e de ,monsieur   
7#aghj74  ,m>ks ( ,orleans3             
,illu/ration3 ,a label 7lambel          
d',orlans74  ,illu/ration3 ,a label     
7lambel d',orlans74  ,illu/ration3 ,a   
label 7lambel d',orlans74  ,illu/ration3
 ,monogram ( ,b5oi/ le ,brun1 !         
director4  ,illu/ration3 ,monogram (    
,b5oi/ le ,brun1 ! director4  ,m>ks (   

,val5ci5nes3  ,illu/ration3       ,!    
lett] ,v1 = ,val5ci5nes1 comb9$ ) ,l1 ! 
"n ( !      wife ( ! director4          
,illu/ration3       ,! lett] ,v1 =      
,val5ci5nes1 comb9$ ) ,l1 ! "n ( !      
wife ( ! director4   ,illu/ration3      
,! lett] ,v1 = ,val5ci5nes1 comb9$ ) ,l1
 ! "n ( !      wife ( ! director4       
,m>ks ( ,/rasb\rg3  ,illu/ration3 ,ei!r 
( ^! m>ks indicates ! "n ( ,hannong1 !  
f\nd]4  ,m>k ( ,m>seilles3              
,illu/ration3 ,?is lett] indicates ,m4  
,rob]t1 ! f\nd] 7#agff74  ,! ,,p>is m>ks
 are s manifold t ! /ud5t mu/ ref] to "s
 manual ( m>ks1 su* z are m5tion$ 9 !   
li/ ( books at ! end ( ! volume4        
,besides ! small] factories fir/        
m5tion$1 a few words may be well ^u "s  
factories ^: productions are n[ & !n    
(f]$ = sale4  ,,*antilly4--,z e>ly z    
#agbe ?is factory produc$ a great v>iety
 ( articles ( s(t pa/e1 :i* 7 & are     
highly e/eem$4 ,a design us$ !re--a     
small blue fl[] ^u ! :ite--call$        
,b>beau1 0 mu* 9 fa%ion4  ,! workm5 at  

,*antilly 7 aft]w>d engag$ at ,v9c5nes4 
,! m>k is a hunt+-horn1 sometimes       
impress$1 sometimes pa9t$ on4           
,illu/ration3 ,hunt+-horn4  ,,sceaux    
7sometimes ,sceaux-,p5?ivre7 0 a small  
factory ne> ,p>is1 begun 9 #agej1 :]e1 =
 "s tw5ty or ?irty ye>s1 v delicate     
s(t-pa/e porcela9 0 made4 ,! m>ks 7     
sometimes ! lett]s ,s ,x or ,s ,p1 & !  
an*or4  ,illu/ration3 ,sceaux-,p5?ivre  
7ab\t #agej to #agfj74  ,illu/ration3 ,!
 an*or 9 blue 7#agea to #agib74  ,at    
,,nid]vill]1 ne> ,/rasb\rg1 9 #agfj1 a  
factory 0 e/abli%$ by ,b>on de ,bey]l1  
:i* aft]w>d 7ab\t #aghj7 w5t into !     
possession ( ,g5]al de ,cu/9e1 ^: head 0
 cut (f dur+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,bo?  
s(t & h>d porcela9 7 made "h1 & "s ( !  
biscuit figures are ( great excell5ce4  
,! m>ks mo/ kn[n are ^!2 b ! lett] ,n 9 
script is sometimes f\nd on pieces ( ?is
 "w4  ,m>ks ( ,nid]vill]3  ,illu/ration3
 ,b>on de ,bey]l1 ! f\nd] 7#agfj74      
,illu/ration3 ,g5]al de ,cu/9e 7#aghf74 
,illu/ration3 ,ano!r v>iety4            

,illu/ration3 ,monogram ( ,f4 ,c4       
,lanfray1 director4  ,illu/ration3      
,lanfray1 director4  ,at ,,limoges1 9   
#aggc1 s(t porcela9 0 made2 lat]1 h>d   
pa/e 0 made4 ,! old m>k 0 ,c4 ,d4 ,at ! 
pres5t "t a numb] ( factories are busily
 at "w !re1 among :i* is t ( ,havil& &  
,company1 ^: fai5ce w be m5tion$        
else:]e4  ,s,,vres4--,we _c to-day      
appreciate ! en?usiasm :i* exi/$ at ?is 
p]iod 7#agej7 9 ,france1 z well z 9 _m  
o!r /ates ( ,europe1 ^u ! subject (     
porcela9 manufacture4 ,among royal &    
noble p x 0 peculi>ly /rong4 ,! k+s (   
,france 7 always op5 to ! projects (    
exp]ts1 :o promis$ to produce wond]ful  
results2 &1 9 #agde1 :5 ! company 0 =m$ 
to produce porcela9 at ,v9c5nes1 ! k+1  
,l\is ,,xv41 contribut$ to ! capital !  
sum ( "o hundr$ ?\s& livres4  ,madame de
 ,pompad\r1 at ?is p]iod ! mo/ beautiful
 woman & ! mo/ influ5tial p]sonage 9    
,france1 0 an eag] patron ( ! c]amic    
arts1 & gave all h] influ5ce to promote 
_! developm5t2 ! que51 too1 0 greatly   

int]e/$2 we may be sure t all good      
c\rti]s foll[$ _! lead4 ,ab\t ?is "t    
7#agdj to #agej7 a wond]ful production (
 porcela9 fl[]s 0 9 vogue at ,v9c5nes1 &
 ! mo/ elaborate "w 0 done !re1 s t two 
b\quets made = ! k+ & dauph9e co/ !m !  
great sum ( ?ree ?\s& livres 7francs7   
ea*2 :i* 0 a great deal m ?an ?ree ?\s& 
francs is n[4 ,a s+le ord] giv5 by ! k+ 
am\nt$ to ! sum ( eight hundr$ ?\s&     
livres4 ,?is attempt to imitate fl[]s 9 
color$ porcela9 we n[ consid] fooli%1 z 
well z false art2 & v prop]ly x has     
pass$ away z "o ( ! :imsies ( ! "t4 ,"s 
( ^! fl[]s1 su* z d\ble ranunculuses1   
orange-fl[]s1 anemones1 etc41 /ill      
rema91 wond]s ( fictile "w1 9 ! ,muse   
,cramique1 at ,svres4  ,b !             
porcela9-works at ,/4-,cl\d & ,v9c5nes1 
! avant c\ri]s ( ,svres1 produc$ _m o!r 
& m legitimate objects ( use z well z   
art4 ,! d9n] & tea s]vices made "h 7 mo/
 elaborate & co/ly2 "o made = ! ,empress
 ( ,russia 0 decorat$ ) pa9t+s ( antique
 cameos1 & ! co/ 0 "s ?ree hundr$ &     

sixty ?\s& livres1 a va/ sum surely4    
,at c]ta9 seasons ! c\rti]s 7 expect$ to
 pur*ase ! "w ( ! royal factory1 &      
pres5ts 7 s5t hi!r & ?i!r2 s t = a "t ! 
manufactory n only enjoy$ ! favor ( !   
k+1 b also ! sun%9e ( ! c\rt4  ,9 #agdh 
a sup]b vase 0 made & pres5t$ to ! que54
 ,x /ood on a bronze p$e/al1 & 0 ab\t   
?ree feet high4 ,! m>vel\s "p ( x 0 !   
great b\quet x conta9$1 :i* consi/$ (   
f\r hundr$ & eighty porcela9 fl[]s      
exquisitely model$ & color$ aft]        
,nature4  ,! m>k us$ at ,v9c5nes w be   
giv5 ) ^? ( ,svres4  ,9 #agef !         
porcela9-works ( ,v9c5nes 7 remov$ to   
,svres1 & f t p]iod ev]y?+ possible 0   
conc5trat$ !re2 & 9 #agei or #agfj !    
:ole came "u ! control & direction ( !  
k+4 ,we see1 !re=e1 h[ out ( ! ef=ts at 
,/4-,cl\d & ,*antilly & ,v9c5nes ! works
 at ,svres at la/ grew up4 ,all 0 n[    
comb9$ at ,svres4  ,! production ( h>d  
porcela9 at ?is p]iod _h become a matt] 
( importance2 = x 0 well kn[n t at      
,dresd5 mo/ f9i%$ "w ( ?is k9d _h = a   

long "t be5 made4 ,s(t porcela91 ?\gh   
equally or m beautiful1 0 difficult to  
make1 0 !n exp5sive1 & lack$ ! /r5g? &  
durability ( ! h>d4 ,h>d porcela9 or pte
 dure1 0 ! "o ?+ desir$4 ,b ?is c\ld n  
be made )\t ! peculi> clay call$ kaol91 
:i* ! ,saxons _h1 b :i* !y w\ld n all[ !
 ,fr5* to get4 ,?is 0 n obta9$1 z has   
be5 said1 till #agfe1 & f t "t ,svres   
ent]$ ^u a p]iod ( production :i* has _h
 no equal 9 ,europe4  ,! build+s 7      
ample1 ! g>d5s 7 pleasant1 & ! int]e/ 9 
! production ( ! royal works may be     
appreciat$ f ! fact t ! k+1 accompani$  
by ,madame de ,pompad\r1 made weekly    
visits1 to see t all w5t well4 ,& all   
did g w4 ,no money 0 want+2 arti/s ( !  
highe/ rank 7 enli/$2 skill$ m5 ( e k9d 
contribut$ _! k & ke5ness to br+ !      
delicate "w to p]fection4  ,madame de   
,pompad\r1 h]self an arti/ 9 h] way1 n  
only came weekly to enjoy ! "w ( o!rs1 b
 %e (t5 appli$ h] own h&s to mak+       
designs1 or to t\*+ or p]fect+ :at f9e  
?+ might be go+ =w>d4 ,"u su* /imulus z 

?is x 0 inevitable t e model]1 e arti/1 
e colori/1 %\ld be inspir$ to d 8 be/4  
,!y 7 patroniz$ by royal h&s :i* dispos$
 ( all ! glory & weal? ( ,france4       
,pa9t]s hav+ a wond]ful te*nical skill 7
 eag]ly engag$1 & mu* ( ! "w done has ! 
m]it--n ! highe/ "o1 c]ta9ly--( be+ mo/ 
delicately & elaborately p5cil$4 ,no "w 
( ?is k9d ev] has surpass$ :at 0 done on
 ! vases1 teacups1 cuelles1 etc41 made  
at ,svres4 ,! v>iety ( decoration ^u ^! 
elaborate pieces 0 great1 compris+ among
 o!rs1 birds1 fl[]s 9 wrea?s & g>l&s1 & 
b\quets1 l&scapes1 figures1 arabesques1 
,cupids1 emblems1 cameos1 masks1        
m9iatures1 ,watteau pictures1 *ildr51   
pa/oral subjects1 ,*9ese & ,japanese    
imitations1 butt]flies1 m$allions1      
sea-pieces1 insects1 etc43 ! :ole (     
,nature & art 0 ransack$ = int]e/+ &    
attractive mat]ial4  ,almo/ or q all (  
?is may be *>act]iz$ z mo/ clev]        
imitation1 exquisitely pa9t$4 ,ev5 !    
arti/s :o 7 inspir$ by love ( ,ori5tal  
"w seem to h imitat$ or copi$ t2 !y did 

n le>n by x h[ to express ,occid5tal    
life & gr[?1 9 _! own individual way1 & 
) t piquant fre% t\* :i* m>ks s mu* ( ! 
be/ ,ori5tal "w4 ,nev]!less1 x is       
exquisite1 & conveys a s5se (           
satisfaction & complet5ess because ( t1 
ev5 to ^? :o d n approve ( x z ! be/    
decorative art4  ,x is safe to say t !  
,gr& ,mon>que1 ,l\is ,,xiv41 0 ! greate/
 affliction :i* ! k+dom ( ,france 0 ev] 
call$ ^u to endure4 ,8 reign 0          
un=tunately long--#afdc to #agae4 ,x 0  
m>k$ by a false spl5dor ( success1 by   
luxury su* z ! _w _h n se5 s9ce ! days (
 ! decl9e & fall ( ,rome1 by ! mo/ v5al 
public s]vice except t :i* 8 successor  
p]mitt$1 by ! mo/ unblu%+ corruption 9  
private life1 among m5 & wom5 bo?2 & by 
a g5]al degradation ( all ! /&>ds (     
frugality1 s9c]ity1 honor1 & nobl5ess1 9
 public & 9 private life4 ,0 x possible 
= art to escape ?is contam9ation8       
,impossible6  ,! florid & fooli% ta/e ( 
! p]ruqui] prevails ev]y:]e1 9          
ar*itecture1 9 pa9t+1 9 sculpture1 9    

dress2 all is ta9t$ ) ! %[y & ! %all[4  
,! fl[+ scroll appe>s 9 all its spl5dor1
 decoration is pil$ 9 mean+less         
pr(usion1 & tal5t & ta/e1 he>t1 m9d1 h&1
 & gold1 are lavi%$ 9 folly & vice1 :i* 
f9ally culm9at$ 9 ! social & political  
,revolution ( ,l\is ,,xvi41 :5 k+ &     
noble1 "l & lady1 w5t "u 9 a sangu9>y   
flood ( an>*y & ru94  ,c\ld ! ta/e & !  
art :i* prevail$ at ,svres escape ?is8  
,x c\ld n1 & x did n4  ,:ile1 !re=e1 we 
_c b admire ! c>e1 ! pa9s1 ! skill1 ( ! 
workm5 & ! arti/s1 let u n be misl$ by !
 false glam\r ( t "t1 s z to le>n to    
love or to imitate _! florid &          
extravagant ta/es 9 ar*itecture1 9      
furniture1 9 dress1 or 9 porcela94      
,*aff]s1 9 8 "w ^u ,pott]y & ,porcela91 
gives ! private m>ks ( "s "o hundr$ &   
tw5ty-six pa9t]s1 :o 7 employ$ at ,svres
 be=e #ahjj1 & q a numb] :o h pa9t$ !re 
s9ce4 ,among ^! are "s :o rea*$ a       
,european reputation3 ( ^! ,b\*] is     
p]haps mo/ fam\s2 8 m$allions are s\ght 
=1 & highly valu$4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4

 #acc4--;,enamel$ ,svres ,vase1 call$   
,vase ,g5icault4  ,a di/9ction is       
sometimes made betwe5 old ,svres & mod]n
 ,svres4 ,! old--vieux ,svres--comes d[n
 to ! ye> #ahjj2 aft] t x is designat$ z
 mod]n1 = conv5i5ce4 ,x does n int5d to 
exalt "o & condemn ! o!r1 z too _m n[   
are apt to ?9k1 ! tru? be+ t equally    
good "w has be5 done s9ce t "t z be=e x4
  ,inde$1 )9 ?is ye> ,i h se5 "s pieces 
( ,svres pa9t+1 su* z ,i fancy h nev]   
be5 done !re be=e1 & :i* c h>dly be     
excell$2 9 :i* ! arti/ ceases to be a   
copyi/1 ab&ons himself to ! imag9ation1 
& produces "w :i* gratifies ! highe/    
faculty4 ,somebody1 !n1 has brok5 away f
 traditions & academic rules4  ,n only 7
 ! e>ly pa9t]s rank$ z arti/s1 b        
design]s & model]s ( vases & o!r pieces 
_h high rank & high pay1 s mu* s t _!   
names 7 & are atta*$ to _! productions2 
z1 = example1 vase ,clodion1 vase       
,duplessis1 vase ,falconnet1 etc4 ,i may
 say "h t elaborate & beautiful z _m (  
!m c]ta9ly are1 ! ,svres vases1 inspir$ 

z !y too (t5 are by t expression ( art s
 acceptable to ,l\is ,,xiv4 & ,,xv41 are
 s decorat$1 scroll$1 & work$1 t !y     
create a s5se ( surfeit 9 _m m9ds4  ,9  
,figs4 #acc1 #acd1 & #ace1 we h ?ree    
excell5t examples ( ?is "w :i* may      
really be call$ magnific5t4 ,!y h all ! 
qualities :i* *>act]ize ! elaborate "w (
 ,svres4 ,! size & elaborat5ess ( ^! =ce
 !m into ! collections ( emp]ors & k+s1 
& "h & !re into ! f9e museums ( ! _w1   
:]e !y are to be se5 ( all m54  ,fig4   
#acc is a sup]b cov]$ vase1 enamel$ mo/ 
elaborately & exquisitely1 9 ! be/ ( :at
 may be t]m$ a ,r5aissance decoration1  
:i* _h its bir? 9 ,italy4 ,! masks &    
float+ figures sugge/ a delicate        
rem9isc5ce ( ,pompeii & ! luxury &      
decad5ce ( ^? ,greek ,romans1 :i* !re   
rea*$ a full developm5t1 & :i* rema9 to 
u :5 all ( ,rome is 9 ru91 pres]v$ by ! 
a%es ( ,vesuvius ?r\gh ^! n9ete5        
c5turies4  ,! vase1 ,fig4 #acd1 is !    
l>ge/ ( all1 rea*+ "s =ty in*es 9       
height4  ,fig4 #ace %[s u a sup]b vase1 

call$ ,cuve ovale ,duc]eau4 ,9 ?is vase 
! arti/ has closely approximat$ to ! =m 
( "s ( ! old ,greek vases1 b !          
decoration is m /rik+ & elaborate4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acd4--,svres      
,vase1 call$ ,vase ,etrusque ,c>afe4  ,a
 p]ception ( ?is excessive ornam5tation 
came to somebody ab\t ! ye> #aghe1 = 9 t
 ye> ,l\is ,,xvi4 b\ght f ,m4 ,d5on a   
collection ( ,greek vases1 to s]ve z    
models ( pure & simple =ms1 & ?us *ange 
! exagg]at$1 exub]ant cont\rs giv5 to   
porcela9 9 ! prec$+ reign4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ace4--,svres      
,vase1 call$ ,cuve ,ovale ,duc]eau4  ,! 
wond]ful virtue ( simplicity :i* !      
,greeks at _! be/ fully valu$1 seems to 
h fl$ f ,france dur+ ! times ( ,l\is    
,,xiv4 & ,,xv4 ,?is1 9 a degree1 0      
re/or$ by ! pur] & bett] ta/es ( ! "t ( 
,l\is ,,xvi41 :5 !re 0 a reaction t[>d !
 classic 9 bo? lit]ature & art4  ,9     
,fig4 #acf we h engrav$ a vase ( ! "t ( 
,l\is ,,xvi41 :i* indicates !           
improvem5ts made at t "t1 bo? 9 =m &    

decoration4 ,x approa*es ! classic =ms (
 ,greece1 & is a /ep away f t excessive 
& m]etrici\s decoration :i* m>k$ ! times
 ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 & ,,xv4 ,x 0 sold at !  
,b]nal sale1 & is ?us describ$3 ,a      
magnific5t c5tre vase & cov]1 gros bleu1
 ) upright h&les ( foliage1 a fe/oon (  
leaves1 rais$ gilt1 encircl+ ! vase &   
fall+ ov] ! h&les1 ! l[] "p flut$ )     
p5dant l9es ( leaves2 9 ! c5tre is a mo/
 exquisite pa9t+ ( a peasant & two girls
 ga!r+ *]ries1 a donkey ) panni]s fill$ 
) *]ries at _! side1 a gr\p ( fl[]s on !
 rev]se--on squ>e pl9?1 eighte5 in*es   
high4 ,sold to ! ,m>quis ( ,h]t=d =     
eight hundr$ & sev5ty-"o p\nds t5 %ill+s
 /]l+ 7f\r ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & fifty-five
 doll>s74  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4         
#acf4--,svres ,vase4  ,i h spok5 ( ! _m 
/yles ( pa9t+ appli$ at ,svres1 & also (
 ! great c>efulness & elaborat5ess ( !  
model+4 ,ano!r skill$ body ( m5 0 call$ 
^u to contribute t[>d ! p]fection at :i*
 !y all aim$2 ^! 7 ! *emi/s4 ,to devise1
 to comb9e1 & to adapt _m & m & m       

beautiful colors ?an any 9 use1 :i* c\ld
 be appli$ to porcela9 & w\ld /& supreme
 heat1 requir$ ! aid ( sci5ce4 ,?is !   
*emi/s gave2 & ! result has be5 su* ri*1
 su* subtile1 su* brilliant colors z no 
o!r manufactory has rea*$4 ,"s ( ^!     
colors h become well & widely kn[n "u ! 
foll[+ names3  ,bleu de roi1 made f     
cobalt2 a deep lapis lazuli1 sometimes  
ve9$ & s[n ) gold4 ,gros bleu1 a deep]  
color ( ! same4  ,bleu cle/e1 a         
turquoise blue1 f copp]4  ,rose         
,pompad\r1 improp]ly call$ ,rose du     
,b>ri 9 ,engl&4  ,violet p5se1 a r>e &  
beautiful violet4  ,jonquille1 a ri*    
can>y4  ,v]t pomme1 a delici\s          
apple-gre54  ,v]t pr1 a bright          
grass-gre54  ,r\ge de f]1 a brilliant   
r$4  ,^! are among ! mo/ fam\s colors   
us$ to cov] ! gr\nd or body ( ! f9e/    
vases1 ! res]v$ spaces be+ fill$ ) !    
r>e/ pa9t+s4 ,9 addition to ^! p]fect   
colors1 gild+ ( ! heavie/ k9d 0 us$--(t5
 too freely4 ,to glorify ! "w /ill m1   
:at are t]m$ jewels 7 appli$ 9 r[s1 or  

s+ly1 ( _m colors2 b pe>ls & rubies 7   
mo/ 9 use4  ,! rose ,pompad\r1 or rose  
du ,b>ri1 has1 )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1     
become mo/ 9 vogue1 s t at ! ,b]nal     
sale1 9 #ahef1 a pair ( vases ( ?is     
color1 pa9t$ ) gr\ps ( ,cupids 9        
m$allions1 0 pur*as$ by ! ,m>quis ( ,ba?
 at eighte5 hundr$ & fifty gu9eas4 ,an  
,engli% collector1 ( mod]ate views1 told
 me he propos$ to pur*ase a pair ( vases
 ( ?is color1 "s twelve in*es high1 at a
 sale at ,*ri/ie's1 "s five ye>s s9ce1  
if he c\ld d s =1 say1 "o hundr$ p\nds  
/]l+4 ,! fir/ bid 0 "o ?\s& p\nds1 & !y 
7 knock$ d[n at sixte5 hundr$ & fifty   
gu9eas4  ,! v>iety & spl5dor ( ^! vases 
de luxe are great4 ,!y are to be se5 9  
mo/ ( ! collections ( ,europe1 &1 to "s 
ext5t1 9 ,am]ica2 b _! great co/1 & !   
fact t !y are s r>ely (f]$ = sale "h1   
make !m q uncommon 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4   
,visitors to ,europe %\ld see ^? 9 !    
,k5s+ton ,museum1 & 9 private gall]ies2 
su* z t ( ,m4 ,ro?s*ild1 ^: collection  
is wor? millions4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 

#acg4--,svres4  ,x is a s+ul> ?+ t dur+ 
t fe>ful tempe/ kn[n z ! ,fr5*          
,revolution1 :5 almo/ ev]y?+ :i* _h a   
suspicion ( royalty or luxury 0 swept   
away1 ! works at ,svres 7 n de/roy$1 b 7
 c>efully gu>d$ & support$ by !         
republican ,directory4  ,besides ^!     
articles ( luxury1 ! ,svres works h     
always made a l>ge numb] ( s]vices =    
h\sehold use1 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ always be 
co/ly4 ,"s ( ^! are 9 ?is c\ntry2 also a
 good _m s+le pieces1 p>ticul>ly f !    
collections ( ,l\is ,philippe1 :i* 7    
l>ge1 & :i* 7 scatt]$ at ! "t ( !       
,revolution ( #ahdh4 ,q a goodly numb] 7
 9 ! sale ( ,mr4 ,lyons's collection1 9 
#ahgf4  ,"s ( ^! d9n]-s]vices 7 ( c\rse 
v elaborate & "s int5d$ = royal h\ses 7 
f9i%$ 9 ! ri* & heavy colors1 su* z !   
bleu de roi1 :i* = myself ,i w\ld nev]  
desire2 b mo/ ( !m 7 decorat$ ) edges ( 
v ri* gold1 & b&s or b\quets ( fl[]s    
pa9t$ on ! :ite4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4  
#ach4--,svres1 ,:ite & ,gold4  ,9 ,fig4 
#acg we pres5t "s pieces f a h&some     

s]vice belong+ to ,w4 ,c4 ,prime1 ,esq41
 ( ,new ,york4 ,! =ms z well z !        
decoration are p]fect2 ! d>k b&s are a  
ri* yell[1 & ! edges are f9i%$ ) heavy  
gold leafage & l9es4 ,?is is a l>ge &   
complete set4  ,! s+le plate %[n 9 !    
picture1 conta9+ ! portrait (           
,montaigne1 ( c\rse does n belong to !  
s]vice4 ,x is an admirable piece ( !    
m9iature "w done at ,svres1 & mu/ f9d   
its place z a picture does on ! walls ( 
! h\se4 ,plates1 h[ev]1 z valuable z ?is
 %\ld h ! protection ( a frame4  ,fig4  
#ach is f a "p ( a tea or breakfa/      
s]vice belong+ to ! collection ( ,george
 ,w4 ,wales1 ,esq41 ( ,bo/on4 ,x is cle>
 & brilliant1 be+ :olly ( :ite & gold1 &
 is really surpris+ly attractive1 p>tly 
f its simplicity1 & m f its p]fectness4 
,"s ( ! f9e/ pieces ( ,svres porcela9 9 
our c\ntry are to be f\nd 9 !           
collections ,i h already m5tion$4 ,!re  
are also f9e examples 9 possession (    
,mr4 ,b>l[1 ,mr4 ,belmont1 & ,mr4       
,mat!ws1 ( ,new ,york2 ( ,dr4 ,mit*ell1 

& o!r connoisseurs1 at ,philadelphia4   
,mr4 ,j4 ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn1 ( ,albany1 has 
"o l>ge & beautiful d9n]-s]vice ( ! :ite
 & gold ,svres1 & "o made = ,l\is       
,philippe1 hav+ b&s 9 colors4 ,9 8      
collection are two plates jewel$--"o    
be>+ ! portrait ( ! ,pr9cess ,lamballe1 
pa9t$ by ,le ,guay2 & ! o!r1 t (        
,gabrielle d',e/res--:i* are ( ! highe/ 
class4  ,! k ( & love = good examples ( 
f9e porcela9 are on ! increase1 & no    
d\bt 9 a few ye>s we %all be able to see
 & enjoy f9e "w1 )\t ! disagreeable     
exp]i5ce ( cross+ ! implacable ocean4   
,our art-museums w also give to ?\s&s ! 
opportunity ( see+ & /udy+ ^! ?+s :i* no
 private collections c s well d4  ,! "n 
( ,,alex&re ,,brongni>t 7,fig4 #aci7 is 
n[ id5tifi$ ) ! be/ p]iod ( ,svres      
porcela91 & its high reputation & great 
success are due m to him ?an to any "o  
man4 ,n only did he aim = excell5ce     
himself1 he also insi/$ t o!rs %\ld d   
likewise4 ,he gave tone & "* to :at 0   
done !re4 ,no?+ hav+ any flaw or blemi% 

0 all[$ to g f ! works2 & 9 t way ! /&>d
 0 kept high 9 ! m9ds ( arti/s & workm5 
z well z 9 ^? ( amateurs4 ,prices1 too1 
7 kept at su* a po9t t m & m c\ld be    
attempt$ & accompli%$4 ,to ,brongni>t is
 due ! ,muse ,cramique at ,svres4 ,9 ?is
 museum are examples ( all or ne>ly all 
! fam\s "w ev] done !re1 z well z a     
great numb] ( examples ( bo? porcela9 & 
fai5ce made else:]e4 ,?is museum is /ill
 receiv+ con/ant additions4  ,be=e 8    
appo9tm5t ,brongni>t 0 rank$ z a savant 
9 o!r bran*es4 ,he 0 kn[n among ! mo/   
em95t ( geologi/s1 & 9 conjunction )    
,cuvi] he made a c>eful exam9ation ( !  
geology ( ! neighborhood ( ,p>is1 &     
wrote ^u x a le>n$ essay4 ,he 0 also a  
/ud5t ( *emi/ry1 & ?is k 0 mo/ valuable 
aft] he became director at ,svres4 ,= "s
 fifty ye>s aft] #ahjj he held t po/1 & 
dur+ ! "t he gave 8 s\l to ! "w he _h 9 
h&2 he enc\rag$ ! mature & he br\ght    
=w>d ! "y4 ,8 "w ,trait des ,arts       
,cramiques is mo/ valuable1 & is look$  
^u z an au?ority to-day4  ,illu/ration3 

,,fig4 #aci4--,portrait ( ,alex&re      
,brongni>t4  ,s9ce 8 day ! works h be5 9
 c>eful & compet5t h&s1 & admirable     
porcela9 is /ill produc$ 9 _m /yles4    
,,m>ks4--,! ,v9c5nes m>k us$ f #agde to 
#agec 0 ! int]lac$ ,l's )\t any inclos$ 
lett]1 l ! fir/ m>k ( ,svres4  ,beg9n+  
at #agec ! ,svres m>k 0 ! int]lac$ ,l's 
inclos+ ! lett] ,a4 ,! m>ks at ,svres   
*ang$ _m times1 s t x is necess>y to    
give q a li/ ( !m z well z a table %[+  
h[ ! lett]s ( ! alphabet indicate ! ye> 
:5 ! piece 0 made4  ,! foll[+ table w   
help to expla9 ! use ( ! lett]s ( !     
alphabet :5 plac$ 9 ! int]lac$ ,l's3    
,a                 #agec   ,b           
#aged   ,c                 #agee   ,d   
#agef   ,e                 #ageg   ,f   
#ageh   ,g                 #agei   ,h   
#agfj   ,i                 #agfa   ,j   
#agfb   ,k                 #agfc   ,l   
#agfd   ,m                 #agfe   ,n   
#agff   ,o                 #agfg   ,p   
#agfh   ,q                 #agfi   ,r   
#aggj   ,s                 #agga   ,t   

#aggb   ,u                 #aggc   ,v   
#aggd   ,x                 #agge   ,y   
#aggf   ,z                 #aggg   ,,aa 
#aggh   ,,bb                #aggi   ,,cc
                #aghj   ,,dd            
#agha   ,,ee                #aghb   ,,ff
                #aghc   ,,gg            
#aghd   ,,hh                #aghe   ,,ii
                #aghf   ,,jj            
#aghg   ,,kk                #aghh   ,,ll
                #aghi   ,,mm            
#agij   ,,nn                #agia   ,,oo
                #agib   ,,pp            
#agic   ,,qq                #agid   ,,rr
                #agie   ,t#i99          
#ahja   ,x99                #ahjb       
#aa99               #ahjc   ----        
#ahjd   _/               #ahje   3      
#ahjf   #g                 #ahjg   #h   
#ahjh   #i                 #ahji   #aj  
#ahaj   o4z4 7onze7       #ahaa   d4z4  
7d\ze7      #ahab   t4z4 7treize7       
#ahac   q4z4 7quatorze7   #ahad   q4n4  
7qu9ze7      #ahae   s4z4 7seize7       
#ahaf   d4-s4 7dix-sept7  #ahag   #ah   

#ahah   #ai                #ahai        
,etc41 etc4  ,illu/ration3 ,a comet 0   
sometimes us$ z a m>k 9 ! ye> #agfi4    
,m>ks us$ at ,svres3  ,illu/ration3 ,!  
royal p]iod1 sometimes ) a cr[n 7#agec74
  ,illu/ration3 ,h>d pa/e fir/ made     
7#agfh74  ,republic 7#agib to #agih74   
,illu/ration3 ,republic 7#agib74        
,illu/ration3 ,consul> p]iod 7#ahjc74   
,illu/ration3 ,imp]ial manufactory      
7#ahjd to #ahji74  ,illu/ration3        
,imp]ial manufactory 7#ahaj to #ahad74  
,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,,xviii41 & ! ye>   
7#ahad to #ahbd74  ,illu/ration3 ,*>les 
,x4 7#ahbd to #ahbi74  ,illu/ration3 ,on
 pla9 w>e 7#ahbi & #ahcj74              
,illu/ration3 ,on decorat$ w>e 7#ahbi & 
#ahcj74  ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,philippe  
7,augu/ to ,decemb]1 #ahcj74            
,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,philippe 7#ahca to 
,novemb]1 #ahcd74  ,illu/ration3 ,l\is  
,philippe 7,novemb]1 #ahcd1 to ,july1   
#ahde74  ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,philippe  
7#ahcg74  ,illu/ration3 ,l\is ,philippe 
7#ahde to #ahdh74  ,illu/ration3 ,on    

:ite porcela9 7#ahcc to pres5t "t74     
,illu/ration3 ,republic 7#ahdh to       
#ahea74  ,illu/ration3 ,napoleon ,,iii41
 emp]or 7#aheb74  ,illu/ration3         
,napoleon ,,iii41 emp]or 7#ahed & aft]74
  ,illu/ration3       ,pres5t m>k--! cut
 %[s pieces sold 9 ! :ite 7#ahfa74      
,,*apt] ,,xiv4  ,,! ,,porcela9s ,,(     
,,s\!rn ,,europe--,,italy1 ,,spa91      
,,etc4       ,flor5t9e1 or              
,m$icean4--,is x a ,true ,porcela98--,! 
,h\se (      ,m$ici4--,m>ks4--,doccia   
,porcela94--,! ,m>quis                  
,g9ori4--,bec*]oni4--,pres5t            
,"w4--,m>ks4--,v5ice4--,vezzi4--,cozzi4-
-,m>ks4--,tur94                         
--,gioanetti4--,m>ks4--,nove4--,t]raglia
4--,m>ks4--,capo di                     
,monte4--,naples4--,9                   
,relief4--,m>ks4--,spani%               
,porcela94--,bu5                        
,retiro4--,m>ks4--,portugal4   ,flor5t9e
 7or ,m$icean7 ,porcela94--,9 ! "t ( !  
#agjj's1 aft] ! discov]y ( kaol9 9      
,saxony1 k+s & pr9ces 7 eag] to         

signalize !mselves by e/abli%+          
porcela9-works 9 _! /ates1 & ^u ^! !y   
sp5t mu* money4 ,x has come to light )9 
a few ye>s t ! m]*ant-pr9ces ( ! h\se ( 
,m$ici enli/$ 9 ! same cause1 & 7 ! fir/
 to e/abli% a porcela9-factory 9        
,europe2 ?is discov]y1 made by ,dr4     
,=esi1 ( ,flor5ce1 has be5 confirm$ by  
v>i\s o!rs4 ,! "q only is1 ,is x        
porcela98 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,rob9son1 a      
di/+ui%$ ,engli% writ]1 says3  ,a       
discov]y ( "s curiosity & int]e/ 9      
connection ) ! hi/ory ( ! manufacture ( 
porcela9 9 ,s\!rn ,europe has rec5tly   
be5 made by ! acum5 ( ,dr4 ,=esi1 (     
,flor5ce1 & :i* has ! effect ( ant$at+ !
 manufacture by at lea/ a c5tury4 ,be=e 
?is discov]y ! fabrique at ,/4-,cl\d1 9 
,france1 0 ! e>lie/ t c\ld be           
au!nticat$4 ,?is 0 ab\t ! ye> #afie2 b !
 facts n[ br\ght =w>d prove ! exi/5ce ( 
a factory = ! manufacture ( a true      
porcela9 at ,flor5ce1 "u ! patronage ( !
 ,gr&-duke ,francis ,i41 ab\t ! ye>s    
#aehj to #aeij4 ,= "s "t ! doctor _h    

obs]v$ a peculi> anci5t porcela9 ( a f9e
 body & glaze1 & cov]$ ) an arabesque   
ornam5t 9 blue1 :i*1 :ile x g5]ally     
resembl$ ,ori5tal porcela91 %[$         
unmi/akable features ( ,european design4
 ,x 0 also m>k$ 9 a peculi> mann]1 &1 z 
"o m>k consi/$ ( ! well-kn[n pellets ( !
 ,m$ici family arms1 he 0 induc$ to se>*
 ! records ( ! h\se1 &1 to 8 surprise1  
f\nd--:at _h be5 ov]look$ by all        
hi/orians ( ! pott]'s art--t ! duke     
above nam$ _h atta*$ to 8 well-kn[n     
laboratory 9 ! ,boboli ,g>d5s a small   
manufactory ( porcela94 ,by cont9u+ 8   
rese>*es he at la/ exhum$ a manuscript f
 ! ,magliabec*ian ,libr>y1 :i* _h be5   
compil$ by "s p]son employ$ by ! duke1 &
 :i* also detail$ ! facts connect$ ) !  
composition ( ! w>e4  ,?is manufacture  
cont9u$ f #aege to #aehg4  ,,!          
,,m$ici4--,! hi/ory ( ?is rem>kable     
family ( ! ,m$ici c nev] fail to int]e/4
 ,roscoe has pres5t$ x well 9 8 ,life ( 
,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t1 etc4 ,! orig9 ( !
 family is v vague2 b ! fact is well    

kn[n t ! f\nd] ( its greatness 0        
,giovanni de' ,m$ici 7he di$ #adbi71 :o1
 in/ead ( grasp+ /ates & pr9cipalities )
 "o h&1 :ile ! o!r held ! glitt]+ sword1
 z _h = s long a "t be5 ! fa%ion1 seiz$ 
^u ! great trade :i* !n _h sprung up    
betwe5 ! ,occid5t & ! ,ori5t1 & :i*     
became va/ & pr(itable 9 ! h&s ( !      
m]*ants ( ,flor5ce1 ,g5oa1 & ,v5ice4    
,?is trade p\r$ ducats into 8 c(f]s l ! 
fl[ ( a riv]1 & :5 he di$ he left va/   
/ores ( gold to 8 sons ,cosmo & ,lor5zo4
  ,cosmo1 in/ead ( deg5]at+ into a ri*  
man's son1 w5t on ) ! "w :i* 8 fa!r _h  
begun2 b he conduct$ x z a great man    
%\ld1 n z a great mis] w\ld4 ,?is 0 true
 ( 8 successors1 :o cont9u$ to be       
m]*ants & bank]s1 ev5 aft] !y _h come to
 be gr&-dukes & rul]s ( ! ,flor5t9e     
/ate4 ,?is weal? 0 us$1 ( c\rse1 to pu% 
_! own =tunes & ambitions1 b x 0 us$ 9 a
 ducal way1 n only 9 ! build+ ( palaces 
& gall]ies1 b 9 ! enc\ragem5t ( ! arts &
 ( lett]s1 all ( :i* increas$ 8 own     
glory1 :ile x m9i/]$ to ! magnific5ce ( 

! /ate4 ,! ,m$ici _h ceas$ to be m]*ants
 long be=e ! "t ( ,francis1 b x is easy 
to believe t ! traditions ( 8 family ran
 9 8 ve9s1 & t he %\ld h be5 ready to   
attempt ! production ( porcela9 9 8     
city1 :5 ! love = x & ! desire = x _h   
gr[n to be an influ5ce 9 ,europe1 z x _h
 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,n9ete5 specim5s  
only are kn[n ( ?is e>lie/ porcela91 &  
^! are 9 ! h&s ( museums & ( private    
collectors4 ,examples may be se5 9 !    
,svres & ,k5s+ton ,museums4  ,x seems t 
! be/ quality 0 made = ! family ( !     
f\nd]1 & ?is be>s ! m>k ( six pellets1  
ea* ) a lett] & "o ) a fleur-de-lis4 ,^!
 lett]s1 ,f4 ,m4 ,m4 ,e4 ,d4 ,,ii41 mean
 ,franciscus ,m$ici ,magnus ,etruri ,dux
 ,secundus4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4       
#adj4--,m$icean ,porcela94  ,we engrave 
"h 7,fig4 #adj7 a beautiful bocca1 or   
pit*]1 fifte5 in*es high1 ( ?is         
porcela91 :i* is 9 ! collection ( !     
,b>on de ,ro?s*ild4 ,! decoration       
resembles ! /yle ( maiolica kn[n z      
,raffaelesque2 ! body is :ite & ! pa9t+ 

( a light blue4 ,! h&le is a cr[n1 =m$  
by unit+ ^? ( ! ,m$ici & ( ,au/ria4 ,!  
less beautiful pieces are describ$ z    
co>se1 opaque1 & ( a blui% gray1 ! glaze
 ?ick & vitre\s4 ,?is *9a 0 some?+      
betwe5 h>d & s(t4  ,:e!r ?is production 
( ,italy is really porcela91 is op5 to  
d\bt4 ,m4 ,demm91 :o is c]ta9ly entitl$ 
to great consid]ation1 d5ies x v pla9ly4
 ,he /ates t ! vase exhibit$ by ,m4     
,ro?s*ild1 9 #ahfe1 %[$ a break at !    
neck1 & t ! body 0 n porcela91 b a :ite 
clay--t]re de pipe4 ,he /ates1 also1 t !
 five pieces 9 ! museum ( ,svres are n  
translucid1 & h no signs su* z m>k ! pte
 t5dre ( ,france or ,italy4 ,engli%     
writ]s *oose to class ?is "u ! head (   
porcela91 :i* seems1 at lea/1 to be v   
que/ionable4 ,! two m>ks are3           
,illu/ration3 ,! ,duomo ( ,flor5ce & !  
six pellets ( ! ,m$ici4  ,,doccia 7ne>  
,flor5ce7--,,h>d ,,& ,,s(t ,,pa/e4--,9 !
 beg9n+ ( ! la/ c5tury !re exi/$ 9 !    
nor? ( ,italy families :o _h inh]it$    
weal? & honor1 & :o /ill reta9$ _!      

vigor4 ,!y may n h be5 _m1 b among !m ! 
,g9ori 7 numb]$4 ,italy has be5 liv+ 9 !
 lum9\s glories ( ! art ( ! ,r5aissance 
^! five c5turies1 & ! light1 z x seems  
to u1 gr[s dim r ?an gl[+4 ,nei!r pa9t+1
 sculpture1 nor ar*itecture1 seems      
to-day to h m ?an a ?9 flavor ( t pa/1  
:5 ,*ur* & /ate1 noble & simple1 comb9$ 
to welcome ! adv5t ( a new arti/4 ,!    
production ( porcela9 belongs to ! lat] 
"t2 b x c]ta9ly1 9 a limit$ way1 %[s    
signs ( life & ( orig9ality m ?an any   
art ( ! lat] "t1 except1 p]haps1 music4 
,to-day x is n s4  ,! productions ( !   
s\?--,capo di ,monte--,i h else:]e spok5
 ( z n be+ s]vile imitations ( any?+1 & 
z possess+ mu* m]it & orig9ality4 ,( !  
productions at ,doccia ,i h se5 none1 & 
! descriptions 9 books d n enable me to 
=m any judgm5t4 ,( ! maiolicas ( ,italy1
 n[ be+ reproduc$ l>gely at ,doccia1 ,i 
%all write h]eaft]4  ,! ,m>quis ,g9ori  
f\nd$ a manufactory ne> ,flor5ce 9      
#agce1 :i* is 9 a fl\ri%+ condition     
to-day4 ,inspir$ ) ! desire to produce  

"w ( a high "*1 he sp>$ nei!r tr\ble nor
 co/1 & s5t a %ip to ,*9a to procure !re
 ! clays :i* _h secur$ ! ,*9ese porcela9
 its peculi> "* & its great excell5ce4  
,n only 7 s]vices = ! table & o!r       
articles = social use produc$ by !      
workm5 & arti/s "u ! direction ( !      
m>quis1 b almo/ imm$iately !y 7 engag$ 9
 ! production ( /atues & gr\ps1 9 great 
v>iety1 & "s ( :i* 7 half ! size ( life2
 _m 7 model$ f f9e "w ( ! ,greek        
sculptors4  ,! pa/e is said to h be5 ( a
 high grade1 b ! glaze 0 !n lack+ 9 !   
f9e/ effects ( ! ,*9ese pott]s4 ,hav+   
se5 none ( x1 ,i am unable to say m ?an 
t4  ,a pair ( vases f ?is factory1 9    
,walpole's collection at ,/rawb]ry      
,hill1 are describ$ z vases ) blue &    
:ite oblique flutes2 !y are ( co>se     
workman%ip1 al?\gh ! =m is good4  ,=sy?1
 an ,engli% travel] :o visit$ ! factory 
9 #ahjb1 speaks ( ! works & ! "w v      
disp>ag+ly1 & says ! latt] 0 !n mu*     
inf]ior to t ( ,engl&1 z x d\btless 04  
,9 #ahba1 :5 ! ,capo di ,monte factory1 

at ,naples1 0 discont9u$1 ! m\lds 7     
b\ght & tak5 to ! ,doccia works1 & are  
/ill own$ !re4 ,! peculi> "w 9 relief1  
:i* w be spok5 ( "u ! head ( ,capo di   
,monte1 is n[ made !re1 & is sold 9     
consid]able quantities1 & (t5 = ! g5u9e 
,capo di ,monte1 f :i*1 ( c\rse1 x is n 
easy to di/+ui% x4 ,m>ryat /ates t ?is 0
 made at ,doccia1 9 ! la/ c5tury1       
probably f m\lds procur$ !n at ,naples4 
,svres %apes & designs 7 imitat$ at     
,doccia1 & a l>ge production is n[ go+  
on ( ! maiolica vases & di%es ( !       
sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies1 :i* are    
sold all ov] ,europe & 9 ,am]ica4 ,9    
,p>is are produc$ copies ( ^!1 n only 9 
design1 b also ) m>ks to indicate age1  
int5d$ to deceive ! unw>y4 ,we d n      
believe ?is ( ! works at ,doccia4 ,/ill1
 "o c b regret t ! public dem& = ^!     
copies %\ld be s great z to =bid orig9al
 "w !re4  ,! arti/ mo/ prais$ is        
,bec*]oni1 & 8 pa9t+ ( m9iatures is     
spok5 ( z exquisite4 ,baldass9i & ,tuppi
 are also m5tion$ 9 t]ms ( high praise4 

,a note 9 ,m>ryat's volume says3 ,!     
manufactory n[ employs two ?\s& p]sons4 
,atta*$ to ! e/abli%m5t are a f9e p>k & 
f>m1 s*ools = ! *ildr51 an academy (    
music = ! workm51 a sav+s-bank1 & ev]y?+
 t c be devis$ to promote ! moral       
improvem5t ( its occupants4 ,9 ! *apel  
annex$ are monum5ts 9 porcela9 ( !      
deceas$ m>quises2 & 9 ! adjac5t p>o*ial 
*ur* ! high alt>1 tor*res1 c&le/icks1   
ciborium1 etc41 are all 9 porcela9--an  
(f]+ ( ! ,g9ori family4  ,"s ( ! w>e    
made "h is /amp$ ,g9ori2 o!rs be> "s "o 
( ! foll[+ ?ree m>ks4  ,illu/ration3    
,doccia m>ks4  ,,v5ice--,,h>d ,,& ,,s(t 
,,pa/e4--,pott]y _h be5 made at ,v5ice f
 an e>ly day1 at lea/ z f> back z #aeae4
 ,b1 aft] ! production ( true porcela9  
at ,dresd51 x seems t a ri* m]*ant (    
,v5ice1 nam$ ,vezzi1 9 company ) "s     
o!rs1 engag$ 9 ! production ( porcela9  
!re1 gett+ 8 clay f ,saxony4 ,v>i\s     
articles 7 made1 & _! production        
probably cont9u$ till ab\t #agdj4 ,b x 0
 n a success1 ow+1 besides o!r causes1  

to ! fact t ! clay _h to be transport$ s
 f>4 ,x c\ld n1 ( c\rse1 compete ) !    
works at ,dresd54 ,"s few examples ( ?is
 exi/1 b v few4  ,! m>k ( ,vezzi's      
factory 0 ! lett]s1 pa9t$ or /amp$1     
,v5,a1 a contraction = ,v5ezia4  ,lat]1 
ab\t #agec1 a ,g]man nam$ ,hewelcke made
 "s attempts at ,v5ice1 ) no practical  
result4  ,cozzi's productions 7 ( m     
importance4  ,*aff]s quotes f an (ficial
 report z foll[s3 ,conc]n+ ! manufactory
 ( ,japanese porcela91 x 0 comm5c$ only 
9 #agfe1 y\r excell5cies 7 eye-witnesses
 ( its rapid progress & !re=e des]v$ly  
protect$ & assi/$ him4 ,he n[ works )   
?ree furnaces1 & has erect$ a f\r?1 a v 
l>ge "o1 = ! manufacture ( di%es4 ,he   
has con/antly 9 8 employ =ty-five       
workm51 includ+ ! six appr5tices :om he 
has und]tak5 to educate1 & f ! date ( 8 
privilege1 9 ,augu/1 #agfe1 d[n to !    
middle ( ,decemb]1 #agff1 has dispos$ ( 
sixte5 ?\s& ducats' wor? ( manufactur$  
goods1 etc41 s t x may be fairly inf]r$ 
t he w yet cont9ue to make great]       

progress bo? 9 quantity & quality4  ,at 
^! works1 = ab\t fifty ye>s1 a great    
v>iety 0 made1 su* z vases1 /atuettes1  
bo? :ite & color$1 plates1 di%es1       
s]vices1 etc4  ,! imitations ( ,*9ese "w
 7 s good z to deceive _m4 ,! designs ( 
,dresd51 ,svres1 & ! ,engli% workm51 7  
also produc$ "h ) great skill4  ,"s     
excell5t vases made at ,v5ice are to be 
f\nd 9 ! collections 9 ,europe4 ,9 ,new 
,york1 ,mr4 ,b>l[ & ,mr4 ,prime h "s    
pieces :i* may be ( ,v5ice1 or !y may be
 ( ,*elsea1 z ! pa/e & ! m>k are almo/  
id5tical4 ,! m>ks ( ! ,vezzi & ! ,cozzi 
w>es are z foll[s3  ,illu/ration3 ,m>ks 
( ! ,vezzi & ! ,cozzi w>es4 ,! an*or-m>k
 0 us$ at ,*elsea4  ,at ,,tur9 &        
,treviso porcela9 0 made 9 ! la/ c5tury2
 z to ! latt] b little is to be said4   
,"s pieces are kn[n1 ^u :i* is ! m>k ,g4
 ,a4 ,f4 ,f4 & ! "n ,treviso 9 script4  
,ne> ,tur91 at ,v9euf1 a manufactory 0  
e/abli%$ ab\t #aggj by a physician nam$ 
,gioanetti4 ,x 0 not$ = its f9e gra9 & !
 :it5ess ( its glaze1 says ,*aff]s2 :ile

 ,m>ryat says1 ,! glaze1 h[ev]1 is wavy 
& yell[i%4  ,x 0 sometimes m>k$ ) a     
simple 1 at o!rs ) a ,v "u ! cross1 &   
aga9 z %[n "h3  ,illu/ration3 ,mean+    
,v9euf1 ,dr4 ,gioanetti4  ,,nove--,,h>d 
,,pa/e4--,porcela9 seems to h be5       
attempt$ at ,nove1 ne> ,bassano1 9      
,italy1 ab\t #ageb1 by a man nam$       
,antonibon1 :o ) 8 son aft]w>d cont9u$ x
 till #agha or lat]4 ,"s elaborate      
pieces 7 made "h1 "o ( :i* we h tak5 f  
,m>ryat's book1 because x seems to      
possess1 :at s few d1 excell5ce &       
orig9ality4 ,x is 9 ! ,reynolds         
collection 9 ,engl&1 & is "s tw5ty-sev5 
& a half in*es high--a sup]b piece ( "w 
7,fig4 #ada74 ,! bus9ess pass$ into o!r 
h&s1 & aft] #ahjj x gradually w5t to    
decay4  ,9 #ahbe x 0 reviv$ by "s       
desc5dants ( ! fir/ ,antonibon1 :o      
/ruggl$ on = t5 ye>s1 b !y c\ld n su/a9 
!mselves aga9/ ! capital1 ! clay1 !     
bra9s1 & skill ( ,saxony & ,svres4 ,!y  
/ill make !re1 z !y always did1         
maiolica1 f9e & common1 & t]raglia      

fai5ce1 9 consid]able quantities & ( mu*
 excell5ce1 call$ 9 ,france t]re de     
pipe4 ,?is t]raglia1 x may be said1 is a
 sort ( demi-porcela91 be+ made ( a     
mixture ( ! true porcela9 clay & !      
native pott]'s clay4 ,x is susceptible (
 great precision ( model+ & ( a high    
f9i%1 & "s beautiful "w has be5 done 9 x
 9 ,italy4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4        
#ada4--,nove ,porcela9 ,vase4  ,! m>ks (
 ,nove 7 usually a /> or a/]isk1 ) six  
rays2 sometimes ! lett] ,n1 or ! ^w     
,,nove1 0 add$4  ,illu/ration3 ,m>ks (  
,nove4  ,,capo ,,di ,,monte--,,s(t      
,,pa/e4--,?is beautiful porcela9 0 made 
fir/ at ,naples 9 #agcf1 "u ! direct    
patronage ( ! k+1 ,*>les ,,iv41 aft]w>d 
,*>les ,,iii4 ( ,spa94 ,! k+ 0 an       
en?usia/1 & sometimes work$ 9 ! factory 
himself1 & "u ?is inspiration x is n    
surpris+ t excell5t "w 0 done4 ,b1      
besides ?is1 v common s]vices & figures 
7 made lat]1 _m ( :i* be> ! m>k ( !     
fleur-de-lis1 s t all ,capo di ,monte is
 n equally good or equally valuable4 ,& 

! same may be said ( ! productions ( any
 man or any manufactory4  ,a lett]      
writt5 to ,"l ,*a?am 9 #agfj says ( ?is 
,k+ ,*>les3 ,he is p>ticul>ly fond ( !  
*9a-manufacture at ,capo di ,monte4     
,dur+ a fair held annually 9 ! squ>e    
be=e 8 palace at ,naples1 !re is a %op  
solely = ! sale ( a "p ( ?is *9a1 & a   
note 0 daily br\ght to ! k+ ( :at 0     
sold1 toge!r ) ! names ( ^? :o b\ght2 & 
x is said he look$ (t5 favorably ^u !   
p]sons :o made any pur*ases4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adb4--;,capo di   
,monte4  ,! k+1 be+ ( a ,spani% family1 
succe$$ to ! cr[n ( ,spa9 9 #agei1 :5 he
 c>ri$ ) him _m ( ! workm5 & 8 own      
ta/es1 & e/abli%$ !re ! manufactory (   
,bu5 ,retiro1 ( :i* is a brief acc\nt   
h]eaft]4 ,aft] 8 dep>ture ! factory     
langui%$1 lack+ 8 int]e/$ inspiration4  
,! m>k$ orig9ality ( ! ,capo di ,monte  
porcela9 is ! designs 9 relief :i* 7    
impress$ ^u ! plaques1 & also ^u        
teacups1 vases1 etc4 ,^! 7 v delicately 
& c>efully /ippl$ 9 colors1 & ?is       

di/+ui%es !m f imitations &             
reproductions :i* h be5 made 9 great    
numb]s at ,flor5ce1 & :i* are sold at v 
mu* small] prices4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #adc4--;,capo di ,monte4  ,n only 7 ^! 
articles 9 relief & ( great beauty made 
"h1 b also v excell5t1 creamy1 s(t      
porcela9 pa9t$ on ! flat1 & exquisitely 
pa9t$1 too4 ,! specim5s ,i h se5 h a "* 
( _! own1 :i* has ! great m]it ( be+    
indig5\s & n an imitation4 ,!           
tea-s]vices1 ( :i* we n[ & !n see s+le  
pieces1 are lovely4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #add4--;,capo di ,monte4  ,mr4   
,prime has "s excell5t pieces1 ( bo?    
/yles2 z has ,mr4 ,wales1 f ^:          
collection we h engrav$ our             
illu/rations4  ,! ?ree pieces m>k$ ,fig4
 #adb1 #adc1 & #add1 are pa9t$ on !     
glaze1 & are exquisite bo? = design &   
color4  ,! s+le vase 7,fig4 #ade7 has   
two b&s1 mo/ delicately model$ & pa9t$ 9
 relief4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4          
#ade4--;,capo di ,monte4  ,"w 0 cont9u$ 
) m or less success until #ahba1 :5 !   

m\lds 7 sold to ! ,doccia manufactory1  
at ,flor5ce2 b aft] #aghj h>d pa/e 0    
made at ?is factory1 "u ! patronage (   
,k+ ,f]d9&4  ,! m>ks us$ are "h giv52 ! 
e>lie/ 0 a rud] =m ( fleur-de-lis4 ,?is 
fleur-de-lis m>k 0 also us$ at ,madrid1 
&1 z ! "w 0 almo/ id5tical1 x is n easy 
to di/+ui% !m4  ,demm9 says ! m>ks on ! 
h>d porcela9 7 a cr[n1 "u :i* 7         
sometimes ! lock$ lett]s ,,re or ,,fk4  
,m>ks ( ,capo di ,monte3  ,illu/ration3 
,ab\t #aghf4  ,illu/ration3 ,ab\t #agei4
  ,illu/ration3 ,ab\t #agei4            
,illu/ration3 ,f]d9&us ,rex 7#aghj74    
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adf4--;,bu5       
,retiro4  ,,spani% ,,porcela9--,,bu5    
,,retiro4--,:5 ,*>les ,,iii4 came to !  
?rone ( ,spa9 9 #agei1 f ,naples he     
br\ght ) him _m ( ! workm5 & mu* ( !    
skill :i* _h produc$ ! beautiful *9a at 
,naples4 ,^! he e/abli%$ ne> 8 palace ( 
,el ,bu5 ,retiro1 at ,madrid1 & "h 8    
exp]im5ts & ! manufacture 7 c>ri$ on )  
great secrecy & mu* c>e4 ,a lett] f     
,spa91 writt5 9 #aggg1 quot$ by ,m>ryat1

 says3 ,9 ! g>d5s ( ,bu5 ,retiro ! mon>*
 has e/abli%$ a *9a manufactory1 :i*    
/rang]s h n hi!rto be5 p]mitt$ to       
exam9e4 ,x is und\bt$ly int5d$ t        
exp]im5ts %all be secretly made1 & !    
manufacture br\ght to "s p]fection be=e 
x be expos$ to ! eyes ( ! curi\s4 ,its  
productions are to be se5 n[h]e except 9
 ! palace ( ! sov]eign1 or 9 "s ,italian
 c\rts1 to :i* !y h be5 s5t z pres5ts1  
etc4 ,dur+ ! ,napoleonic w>s1 :5 ,spa9 0
 ov]run ) troops1 ! factory 0 de/roy$   
7#ahab71 & x has n be5 re/or$4  ,! s+le 
illu/ration 7,fig4 #adf7 is a v         
beautiful small vase1 f ,mr4 ,wales's   
collection4 ,x is exquisitely pa9t$1 &  
closely resembles ! porcela9 ( ,capo di 
,monte4  ,m>ks suppos$ to h be5 us$ at  
,bu5 ,retiro3  ,illu/ration3 ,! same z  
,ludwigsburg4  ,illu/ration3 ,! same z  
,capo di ,monte4  ,illu/ration  ,"s     
porcela9 has be51 & ,i believe /ill is1 
made at ,alcora4  ,9 ,,portugal1 at     
,oporto1 porcela9 has be5 made s9ce     
#agij1 ( no supreme qualities4  ,x is r 

s+ul> t ! p :o fir/ introduc$ ! f9e     
porcela9s ( ,*9a & ,japan into ,europe1 
:o1 = "s two c5turies1 _h almo/         
un9t]rupt$ control ( ! comm]ce1 :o      
br\ght x by %ip-loads to all ! c\ntries 
( ,europe1 %\ld app>5tly h _h less      
int]e/ 9 ! subject ?an any o!r1 %\ld h  
less ( x to %[ to-day ?an mo/ o!rs1 %\ld
 h made less ef=t to produce x 9 ! pa/1 
& %\ld be do+ almo/ no?+ to-day4  ,b    
c\ntries1 l m51 h _! manhood & _!       
dotage1 & !n !y pass out ( ! active life
 ( ! _w3 su* seems to be ! condition (  
,portugal to-day4     ,,*apt] ,,xv4  ,,!
 ,,porcela9s ,,( ,,engl&4               
,b[4--,*elsea4--,d]by4--,*elsea-,d]by4--
,l[e/(t4--,worce/]4                     
--,*amb]la9s4--,plym\?4--,bri/ol4--,p9xt
on4--,nantg>aw4--,swansea4              
--,turn]s4--,coalport4--,coalbrookdale4-
-,h]culaneum4--,%elton1 ,new            
,hall4--,rock+ham4--,spode1             
,copel&4--,place4--,daniell4--,m9ton4   
--,prices & ,m>ks4   ,9 ,engl&1 foll[+ !
 discov]y & production ( porcela9 9     

,saxony1 !re sprang up a v wide int]e/ 9
 ! art4 ,x 0 n an int]e/ :i* enli/$ all 
classes !re--z1 inde$1 x did n any:]e 9 
,europe2 b among p]sons ( ta/e & weal? x
 became ( su* importance z to be a      
fa%ion4  ,! discov]y ( kaol9-clay 9     
,saxony /imulat$ ent]pris+ m5 to seek = 
x else:]e4  ,!re is mu* d\bt yet1 & !re 
has be5 a va/ am\nt ( "t sp5t ^u ! "q 9 
,engl&1 z to :5 & :]e ! production ( *9a
 fir/ took place 9 t c\ntry4 ,x is n =  
me1 "h 9 ,am]ica1 to make any attempts  
to solve x4 ,:at ,i may d is to try to  
pres5t to our own p1 9 "s compact &     
readable =m1 :at ,m>ryat1 ,*aff]s1 &    
o!rs 9 ,engl&1 h arriv$ at aft] mu*     
pati5t rese>* & comp>ison4 ,"s ( ! mo/  
useful & mo/ important works on pott]y &
 porcela9--( :i* en\gh h be5 writt5 to  
=m a libr>y ( !mselves--w be m5tion$ at 
! end ( ?is book2 = 9 all ( !m mu* is to
 be f\nd ( value to ^? :o c>e to g into 
?is curi\s & int]e/+ bran* (            
art-production m fully ?an any "o volume
 w enable !m to d4  ,f ^! facts--t _m ( 

! manufactories 9 ,engl& _h b a %ort    
c>e]2 & t ! "w produc$1 9 _m cases1 _h  
no m>ks1 or _h a great v>iety ( m>ks2 t 
9 "s cases b little "w 0 made1 & t ( t  
little mu* has disappe>$--a surpris+    
int]e/ has come to be atta*$ to t :i*   
rema9s2 & 9 "s cases surpris+ prices h  
be5 paid = x1 & are n[ paid4  ,x is = ^!
 reasons1 r ?an = its intr9sic beauty1 t
 mo/ ,engli% porcela9 is s eag]ly       
desir$4 ,x is n g5]ally rem>kable =     
p]fection ( =m or ( pa/e1 or =          
orig9ality or beauty ( color & ornam5t2 
b 9 "s cases all ( ^! are to be f\nd4 ,!
 e>ly pa/e ( ! old] factories1 su* z ,b[
 & ,*elsea1 is consid]$ inf]ior to ! be/
 ,*9ese & ,japanese1 & to ! e>ly ,dresd5
 & ,svres4 ,aft]w>d ! pa/e 0 greatly    
improv$1 until n[ t made at !           
porcela9-works at ,worce/]1 & at "s o!r 
( ! ,engli% factories1 is n surpass$    
any:]e4 ,x seems to me t ! ,engli%      
model]s h n cultivat$ t s5se ( p]fection
 ( =m & grace ( l9e :i* 0 s wond]ful 9  
,greece1 & 9 :i* ! ,fr5* model]s excel !

 ,engli%4 ,x may be t ! desire = /r5g?1 
:i* seems to inspire mo/ ,engli%        
porcela91 has dem&$ ! sacrifice ( t     
delicacy1 ?9ness1 & nic5ess1 :i* h = a  
long "t prevail$ 9 ,france4 ,b ! ,engli%
 porcela9 is not$ = its /r5g? & we>+    
quality2 x is c]ta9ly sup]ior 9 ?is     
respect to mo/ ( ! ,fr5* "w4  ,:oev] has
 int]e/ en\gh 9 ! subject %\ld visit1 :5
 9 ,engl&1 ! porcela9-works at ,worce/]1
 n[ conduct$ by ,mr4 ,b9ns4 ,"h he c see
 all ! processes go+ on1 by means ( :i* 
! teacup & ! d9n]-plate are br\ght to   
p]fection4 ,x is n a simple matt]4      
,sev]al k9ds ( clays are to be got      
toge!r--"s f ,engl&2 "s1 p]haps1 f      
else:]e4 ,^! are gr\nd to su* an        
impalpable f95ess t !y are float$ away 9
 wat]1 & are all[$ to settle into tanks1
 f :i*1 :5 9 ! "r condition1 !y are tak5
 to ! m\ld] = use4 ,! collect+1 ! mix+1 
! gr9d+ ( ^! clays is ! result ( mu*    
bra9 & h& "w--a great deal m ?an mo/ m5 
are oblig$ to use 9 gett+ into ,congress
 or ,p>liam5t1 or 9 writ+ a book4  ,z ! 

dext]\s pott] m\lds ^u 8 :eel ! =ms ( ! 
,greek amphora or ! ,*9ese teacup1 !y   
seem to spr+ "u 8 h& z if t\*$ by !     
fairy's w&4  ,i ?9k no "o c see ?is "w  
gr[ )\t a feel+ ( surpris$ pleasure2 &1 
aft] witness+ x1 no "o c fail to h a    
great] satisfaction at see+ & us+ !     
v>i\s objects ( use & beauty1 to be f\nd
 n[ 9 e h\se--a satisfaction increas$ by
 k4 ,ev5 9 ! ord9>y mug or jug :i* co/s 
a sixp5ce1 are (t5 to be detect$ great  
k1 mu* art4 ,we d n give ! workman half 
8 due :5 we fail to feel h[ mu* we owe  
to him4 ,an eye to see ! beautiful1 !   
good1 ! true1 is to be pray$ =4  ,:5 !  
turn] & model] has p]fect$ 8 pot1 x has 
to g ?r\gh its fir+s1 glaz+s1 pa9t+s1   
until x comes to u a p]fect$ "w1 :i* we 
too (t5 h>dly look at4 ,x is only a jug6
  ,!re is m ?an ! money's wor? 9 e good 
piece ( cab9et-"w1 iron-"w1 wov5 fabric1
 etc42 = ) e hone/ workman's h& goes a  
"p ( 8 s\l3 he gives x will+ly1 gladly4 
,,b[--,,s(t ,,pa/e4--,! small village ( 
,/rat=d-le-,b[1 9 ,middlesex1 n[1 ,i    

?9k1 a "p ( ,london1 is believ$ to be ! 
place :]e a *9a-factory 0 fir/ e/abli%$ 
9 ,engl&1 & "s suppose x may h be5 z    
e>ly z #agcj1 ?\gh #agdd is ! e>lie/    
au!ntic date m5tion$4 ,mr4 ,*aff]s#ae   
says--& x has "s int]e/ to u ,am]icans1 
z p]haps %[+ :5ce ! old & great ,engl&  
drew its fir/ porcela9 life--,william   
,cookewor?y1 ( ,plym\?1 writ+ to a fri5d
 9 #agde1 says3 ',i _h lately ) me !    
p]son :o has discov]$ ! *9a-e>?4 ,he _h 
) him sev]al samples ( ! *9a-w>e1 :i* ,i
 ?9k 7 equal to ! ,asiatic4 ,x 0 f\nd on
 ! back ( ,virg9ia1 :]e he 0 9 que/ (   
m9es2 & hav+ read ,du ,halde1 he        
discov]$ bo? ! petunze & kaol94 ,x is   
?is latt] e>? :i* he says is ess5tial to
 ! success ( ! manufacture4 ,he is gone 
= a c>go ( x1 hav+ b\ght f ! ,indians ! 
:ole c\ntry :]e x rises4 ,!y c import x 
= ?irte5 p\nds /]l+ ! ton1' etc4  ,x    
seems probable or possible t ?is e>? 0  
us$ to "s ext5t 9 ! e>li] productions at
 ,b[1 z x is m5tion$ 9 ! application ( !
 company = pat5ts1 & z x appe>s t "s h>d

 porcela9 is f\nd among ! e>li] examples
 exi/+1 9 :i* ?is kaol9 0 p]haps        
us$--call$ by ! natives unak]4  ,!      
ent]prise at ,b[ 0 purely a private "o1 
orig9at+ ) ,edw>d ,heyl91 a m]*ant1 &   
,?omas ,frye1 a pa9t]4 ,unlike ! works  
at ,meiss51 ,svres1 & inde$ _m o!rs on !
 ,cont95t1 none ( ! factories 9 ,engl&  
_h ! assi/ance ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! ,b[    
works 7 aft]w>d c>ri$ on by ,cr[!r &    
,wea!rby4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a l>ge
 pun*-b[l1 made at ,b[ & pa9t$ by ,?omas
 ,craft1 :i* is accompani$ ) 8          
c]tificate4 ,?is /atem5t %[s t ! works  
at ,b[ at t "t 7#agfj7 _h become        
ext5sive1 if n pr(itable1 = he m5tions1 
,!y employ$ !re ?ree hundr$ p]sons2 ab\t
 n9ety pa9t]s 7( :om ,i 0 "o71 & ab\t   
two hundr$ turn]s1 ?r[]s1 etc4  ,!      
examples exi/+1 & rec5tly-discov]$      
docum5ts1 g to %[ t ! pa/e or body at   
,b[ 0 n ( supreme excell5ce1 & n at all 
equal to t made on ! ,cont95t at t "t4  
,! pa9t+ 0 9 a v>iety ( designs1 z      
appe>s by "s memor&um-books1 /ill exi/+3

 ,blue ,new>k patt]n1 sets ( blue teas1 
a d9n]-s]vice1 blue & pale z y please4  
,tea-sets 7 evid5tly mu* made1 & :ite   
bud-sprigs1 sprigg$ tea-sets1 & ,dresd5 
sprigs1 are m5tion$4  ,:ile all ! fir/  
"w at ,b[ 0 h&-pa9t$1 x appe>s t lat]1  
ab\t #agef1 pr9t$ or transf] "w 0 us$   
!re2 ?is1 ( c\rse1 secur$ *eap] sets4   
,a great v>iety & numb] ( figures1 su* z
 %eph]desses1 birds1 animals1 hunt]s1   
,*9ese figures1 etc41 7 made at ,b[ z   
well z at ,*elsea1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 h be5  
mu* s\ght =1 & h sold at high prices4   
,?\gh ^! figures are n desirable z      
pieces ( sculpture1 _m ( !m are int]e/+ 
z %[+ ! dresses ( ! day1 especially su* 
figures z ,woodw>d ! actor1 & ,mi/ress  
,kitty ,clive1 :o 7 model$ at ,b[4  ,mu*
 confusion exi/s z to :at is ,b[ & :at  
is ,*elsea1 z ! /yles ( "w run mu*      
toge!r4 ,_m pieces ( ea* factory bore no
 m>k4 ,"s ( ! be/-kn[n m>ks w be giv5 at
 ! end ( ?is acc\nt2 b x may be well to 
say t ! incis$ triangle1 :i* = a long "t
 0 suppos$ to be a sure indication (    

,b[1 is n[ plac$ ) ,*elsea4 ,"s pieces  
m>k$ ,new ,canton are kn[n to be ,b[4   
,x is curi\s to note t he :o w\ld be a  
good salesman 9 ^? good old times1 mu/ d
 :at salesm5 9 ^! lat] & bas] times are 
sometimes tempt$ to d4 ,let me expla94  
,mr4 ,b[cocke 0 a manag] or salesman at 
,b[1 & he kept a note-book1 9 :i* are   
writt5 d[n 8 do+s ) ,mrs4 ,mc,nally1 a  
good cu/om] ( ! w>es3    ,oct4          
#af4--;,b\ght a *9a figure = ,mrs4      
,mc,nally  #ds4             ,pa9t+      
#as4 #c;d4             ,treat+ ,mrs4    
,mc,nally1 w9e             #as4         
,w5t to see h] home f ! play      #as4  
,paid                                   
#b;d4  ,if t 7 ! only transaction1 ?9k (
 x6    ,sales             #es4 #c;d4    
,exp5ses ( same  #bs4 #d;d4  ,n         
lucrative to ! ,b[ salesman6  ,! ,b[    
works cont9u$ ) v>i$ success until ab\t 
#agge to #aggf1 :5 ! m\lds1 implem5ts1  
etc41 7 sold to ,mr4 ,duesbury1 :o      
transf]r$ & m]g$ all into ! great] works
 at ,d]by4 7,see ,,d]by47  ,m>ks on ,b[ 

porcela93  ,illu/ration3 ,^! are f\nd on
 "s pieces4  ,illu/ration3 ,positions   
v>y4  ,illu/ration3 ,! triangle n[ is   
giv5 to ,*elsea1 possibly to ,d]by1 n to
 ,b[4  ,illu/ration  ,illu/ration       
,,*elsea--,,s(t ,,pa/e4--,!             
porcela9-works at ,*elsea1 ne> ,london1 
7 begun be=e ! ye> #agdg1 by "s workm5  
br\ght f ,burslem & else:]e2 a little   
lat]1 9 #agdh to #agdi1 !y 7 m firmly   
e/abli%$1 "u ! direction ( a =eign] nam$
 ,sprimont1 or ,spremont4 ,! works 7    
c>ri$ on by him until ab\t ! ye> #agfi1 
:5 !y 7 adv]tis$ = sale1 & he retir$ f !
 bus9ess4  ,"s v exp5sive1 elaborate1 & 
beautiful vases 7 made by him1 ( :i* two
 9 ! possession ( ,e>l ,dudley are said 
to be h>dly surpass$ by any?+ made at   
,dresd5 or ,svres4 ,! price paid = "o ( 
!m1 9 #ahfh1 0 two ?\s& p\nds /]l+4  ,! 
fir/ "w made seems to h be5 9 imitation 
( ,*9ese porcela91 & x is d\btful if mu*
 orig9al design+ 0 done at ,*elsea4     
,*aff]s says3 ,! f9e vases 9 ! ,fr5*    
/yle1 9 imitation ( ,svres1 ) gros bleu1

 crimson1 turquoise1 & apple-gre51 7    
made f ab\t #agfj to #agfe4  ,!         
illu/ration giv5 7,fig4 #adg7 is "o ( _!
 mo/ highly-decorat$ vases1 & is        
unque/ionably brilliant4 ,b x has !     
vice1 z x seems to me1 ( ov]-decoration2
 !re is no re/ra9t1 none ( ! delicacy ( 
true art4 ,! =m1 too1 lacks p]fectness 9
 _m ways4  ,! want ( inv5tion or orig9al
 design 9 ,engl& w\ld seem to indicate t
 porcela9 0 n a natural or spontane\s   
art !re4 ,9 ,france & 9 ,saxony1 on !   
contr>y1 :ile mu* ( ! ta/e is           
que/ionable1 & "s ( x bad1 _m orig9al & 
peculi> works 7 design$ & execut$4 ,?is 
0 n ! case 9 ,engl&2 &1 inde$1 except+  
,w$gwood1 we c h>dly po9t to any        
conspicu\s examples ( creative p[]4 ,"h 
! god ( ,trade comes 91 = x pays bett]  
to copy ?an to create4  ,illu/ration3   
,,fig4 #adg4--;,f9e ,*elsea ,vase4      
,ab\t #agfi ! ,*elsea works w5t into !  
h&s ( ,duesbury1 ( ,d]by1 :o c>ri$ !m on
 9 connection ) 8 ,d]by works until ab\t
 #aghd1 :5 all 7 transf]r$ to ,d]by4  ,!

 pa/e or body us$ at ,*elsea 0 s s(t &  
t5d] t x 0 ne>ly valueless = works (    
use4 ,x 0 !re=e conf9$ to articles (    
beauty & luxury1 su* z vases1 b[ls1     
di%es1 cups1 & tea-s]vices2 also to     
figures 9 great v>iety1 l ^? made at    
,b[4 ,^! are mu*1 s\ght =1 & comm& high 
prices4 ,!y h be5 c\nt]feit$ to "s      
ext5t4  ,"o v curi\s incid5t is quot$ by
 ,m>ryat1 f ,faulkn]'s ,hi/ory (        
,*elsea3 ,mr4 ,h4 ,/eph5s 0 told by !   
=eman ( ! *9a-factory 7!n 9 ! workh\se (
 ,/4 ,luke's1 ,middlesex71 t ,dr4       
,johnson _h conceiv$ a notion t he 0    
capable ( improv+ on ! manufacture (    
*9a4 ,he visit$ ! factory ) 8           
h\se-keep]1 _h access to ! v>i\s        
mix+-rooms1 made 8 own composition1 _h  
!m bak$1 etc41 b always completely      
fail$4 ,! doctor retir$ 9 disgu/4  ,t ! 
bra9 ( ! purbl9d1 ! prejudic$1 !        
arrogant ,briti% philosoph] %\ld h ?\ght
 ( _m ?+s1 & %\ld h believ$ himself     
capable ( any & all ?+s1 is n surpris+2 
b ! sight ( him 9 a porcela9-factory    

might well en\gh h orig9at$ ! /ories 9  
hi/ory ( ! bull 9 a *9a-%op4  ,"o might 
be p>don$ = pay+ a good p5ny = a teacup 
model$ by ! dext]\s h&s ( ,dr4 ,johnson4
  ,ano!r curi\s fact :i* may int]e/ &   
enc\rage u 9 ^! trad+-times is1 t !     
proprietors ( ! ,*elsea works 7 !n      
oblig$ to prote/ & petition aga9/ !     
smuggl+ ( ,fr5* & ,dresd5 porcela9 into 
,engl& = sale 9 quantities1 "u ! cov] ( 
! m9i/]s' privilege to import = _! own  
use4 ,s1 if all ! m5 9 ! days ( our     
fa!rs 7 brave1 !y c]ta9ly 7 n all hone/4
  ,at ! sale ( ! ,b]nal#af collection1 9
 #ahee1 "s ,*elsea *9a sold z foll[s3   
,a pair ( beautiful globul> scallop$    
vases & cov]s1 deep blue1   pa9t$ )     
exotic buds1 ) pi]c$ bord]s & cov]s (   
! highe/ quality                        
#aaj #es4    ,a cup & sauc]1 ) fe/oons 9
 rais$ :ite 7*ipp$7           #a #as4   
,ano!r1 ) fl[]s & crimson drap]y edges  
#c    ,a beautiful two-h&l$ cup & sauc]1
 ) m$allions ( ,cupids   9 p9k1 & /rip$ 
gold sides                              

#ba  ,mr4 ,m>ryat m5tions ! sale ( "s   
,*elsea 9 #ahfe3    ,at ,"l ,c>dogan's  
sale1 a pair ( vases1 pa9t$ ) exotic    
buds on gold gr\nd                      
#fj gu9eas4    ,a two-h&l$ vase1 op5-"w 
back & cov] pa9t$ )   fl[]s1 on a gold  
gr\nd1 sev5te5 in*es high               
#bej gu9eas4    ,a f9e figure ( a female
 hold+ a bran*1 a lion at h] feet1      
p5cil$ 9 gold                           
#ajj gu9eas4    ,fifte5 plates ( old    
,*elsea1 blue & gold1 fet*$       #aej  
,!re are b few examples ( ,b[ & ,*elsea 
9 ?is c\ntry4 ,mr4 ,prime1 & ,mr4 ,b>l[1
 ( ,new ,york1 ,i am told1 h "s pieces4 
,mr4 ,wales has a b[l1 & cup & sauc]1 9 
v ri*1 w>m colors1 be+ designs f *9a1   
:i* are no d\bt ,*elsea1 & excell5t "w4 
,!y are %[n 9 ,fig4 #adh1 on ! "r-h&    
corn]1 b ?is _c1 ( c\rse1 give any idea 
( ! f9e color+4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4   
#adh4--;,engli% ,porcela94  ,m>ks (     
,*elsea porcela93  ,illu/ration         
,,d]by--,,s(t ,,pa/e4--,! ,d]by *9a--& !
 ,cr[n ,d]by1 n[ mo/ kn[n--0 fam\s 9 its

 day--f ab\t #agej to ! end ( !         
c5tury--& f ,d]by1 9 ,engl&1 x 0 sold to
 a v wide ext5t ov] ,europe4 ,specim5s  
are met ) 9 ,holl&1 ,italy1 ,spa91 etc4 
,! factory 0 e/abli%$ by ,william       
,duesbury1 & 01 aft] 8 dea?1 c>ri$ on by
 8 son2 by a ,mr4 ,reeve1 :o m>ri$ !    
wid[2 &1 9 #ahae1 x w5t into !          
possession ( ,rob]t ,bloor4 ,! works 7 n
 f9ally clos$ till #ahdh4 ,duesbury1 :o 
pur*as$ ! m\lds & prop]ty ( bo? ! ,b[ & 
! ,*elsea factories1 c>ri$ on ! works at
 ,d]by & at ,*elsea = "s "t2 & mu* ( !  
porcela9 made at t "t is call$          
,*elsea-,d]by4 ,! e>ly m>k ( ! ,d]by 0 a
 capital ,d1 & ! ,*elsea-,d]by m>k is ! 
same ,d1 ) ! ,*elsea an*or 9 its middle4
 ,! cr[n ) ! an*or1 or ) cross$ l9es &  
dots1 & sometimes ) ! ,d "u x1 0 us$    
aft] ! patronage ( ,george ,,iii4 _h be5
 ext5d$ to ! works 7ab\t #aggg71 & is n[
 mo/ commonly f\nd ^u ! be/ "w ( ?is    
factory4 ,aft] #ahae ,bloor's "n is f\nd
 ^u ! "w4  ,dur+ ! be/ portion (        
,duesbury's "t1 d9n]1 dess]t1 breakfa/1 

& tea s]vices1 ( great ri*ness &        
spl5dor1 7 made2 & at t "t ! patronage (
 nobility & g5try 0 m g5]\s ?an x _h be5
 to any o!r ,engli% factory4 ,duesbury  
c>ri$ to great p]fection ! comb9ation ( 
a ri* blue ) gold1 n only 9 8 vases1    
urns1 etc41 b also z edges to 8 d9n] &  
tea s]vices4 ,he has br\ght ! gold &    
blue to a degree ( beauty nev] be=e     
obta9$ 9 ,engl&1 & ! draw+ & color+ ( ! 
fl[]s are truly elegant1 writes a t\ri/ 
9 #aggg4  ,9 ! examples ,i h _h an      
opportunity ( see+1 ?is is true2 b "o is
 oblig$ to feel 9 ?is1 z 9 almo/ all !  
f9e *9a ( ,engl&1 a lack ( p]fection &  
delicacy 9 =m & model+4  ,gr\ps &       
figures 7 made 9 great v>iety & numb] at
 ,d]by1 ^u :i* no spl5dor or exp5se (   
gold & color 0 sp>$4 ,^! are f\nd 9     
ne>ly all ! good collections ( ,engl& & 
! ,cont95t4 ,at ?is "t--! end ( ! la/   
c5tury--x 0 mu* ! fa%ion = ladies to    
pa9t1 = _! own use & = gifts1 s+le      
pieces1 & inde$ :ole sets2 & ! :ite *9a 
( ,d]by 0 (t5 sold = t purpose4 ,^!     

amateur productions occasionally f9d _! 
way into ! %ops1 & naturally p]plex !   
collector4  ,duesbury's prices 7 n high4
 ,9 an invoice extant we f9d3    ,pair (
 knott+ figures1 f9ely enamel$ & gilt   
#b #bs4    ,tw5ty-f\r dess]t-plates1 9  
m$allions & grapes1 ea*           #acs4 
,?ree l>ge pun*-b[ls1 pa9t$1 ye allusion
 ( /ag-hunt+1 h>e-hunt+1   & fi%+2 ea*  
#dbs4  ,great c>e 0 tak5 t no?+ b p]fect
 "w w5t f1 ! factory2 ?is kept ! "* ( ! 
,d]by works high4 ,b x fill$ _! %ops )  
_m seconds4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,bloor came into   
possession1 ( ! factory1 ^! seconds 7   
sold by auction 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,engl&2 &
 ?is greatly injur$ ! "n & fame ( ,d]by1
 f :i* x did n recov]4  ,! ,b]nal sale  
records ( ,*elsea-,d]by & ,d]by3        
,five old ,d]by plates1   ) ,cupids 9   
p9k & fl[] bord]s #i    ,?ree (         
,d]by-,*elsea1   ) bases & deep-blue    
bord]s        #b #abs4 #f;d4    ,a      
two-h&l$ cup1 cov]1   & sauc]1 )        
l&scapes & roses   on a yell[ gr\nd     
#ag  #fs4 #f;d4  ,none ( ^! 7 ! be/ "w1 

& br\ght b correspond+ prices4  ,m>ks   
us$ on ,d]by porcela93  ,illu/ration3   
,duesbury 7#agef74  ,illu/ration3       
,d]by-,*elsea 7#aggj74  ,illu/ration3   
,fir/ 9 lilac1 !n 9 r$4  ,illu/ration3  
,cr[n ,d]by 7#aghj74  ,illu/ration3     
,sometimes ,d is 9 old ,engli%--,d      
7#aghj74  ,illu/ration3 ,imitation (    
,svres 7#agih74  ,illu/ration3          
,imitation ( ,*9ese4  ,illu/ration3     
,probably workman's m>k4  ,illu/ration3 
,sometimes 9 oval 7ab\t #ahcj74         
,,l[e/(t--,,s(t ,,& ,,mo/ly ,,h>d       
,,pa/e4--,mu* unc]ta9ty1 discussion1 &  
p]plexity1 h prevail$ conc]n+ ! porcela9
 made at ,l[e/(t1 on ! ea/]n coa/ (     
,engl&1 ne> ,y>m\?4  ,ab\t #agef1 z is  
agre$ to by bo? ,m>ryat & ,*aff]s1 a    
g5tleman nam$ ,luson attempt$ a         
manufactory ( pott]y & porcela9 !re1 :i*
 0 n successful4 ,%ortly aft] ano!r 0   
attempt$1 :i* = a "t succe$$ well2 9 ?is
 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,br[ne 0 ! pr9cipal man4   
,pott]y & porcela9 7 made "h 9 great    
v>iety & 9 consid]able quantities--mu* (

 x = exportation1 & especially = !      
,turki% m>kets2 & "s ( x appe>s to h be5
 m>k$ ) a cresc5t1 l t made at ,worce/]4
 ,b1 z a rule1 no m>ks1 ei!r ( ! factory
 or ! pa9t]1 7 us$ at ,l[e/(t4  ,n only 
0 pott]y1 or e>!nw>e1 made "h1 b ! e>ly 
porcela9 0 s(t w>e4 ,mr4 ,*aff]s /ates  
t1 ab\t #agge1 h>d pa/e 0 made !re 9    
close imitation ( ,*9ese4 ,he /ates1    
also1 t "s ( ! heavi] pieces1 l ture5s &
 pun*-b[ls1 _h a sort ( unev5 surface1 z
 if x _h be5 patt$ into %ape by ! h& or 
a tool4 ,?is patt$ or unev5 surface is a
 defect2 b z ?is is f\nd also 9 heavy   
pieces ( porcela91 :i* are ,*9ese beyond
 "q1 x ceases to be a di/+ui%+ m>k (    
,l[e/(t "w--if1 inde$1 x is a m>k ( x at
 all1 :i* "o may be p]mitt$ /ill to     
d\bt4  ,"s ( ! "w rea*$ great p]fection1
 & ! egg-%ell cups1 etc41 made !re are  
said to be equal to any o!rs made 9     
,europe4 ,among ! peculi> decorations 7 
h>es' heads = h&les1 fruits = knobs (   
cov]s1 d\bl$ h&les to mugs1 braid$ or   
cross$1 :i* are ass]t$ to be q di/9ct f 

,ori5tal designs4  ,ano!r /rik+ v>iety  
is ! fan & fea!r patt]n1 9 imitation (  
,capo di ,monte1 pa9t$ 9 purple1 blue1 &
 r$1 9 ! =m ( bas9s & ew]s4 ,_m ( ^!    
vases are elaborately pa9t$1 ) diap]-"w 
9 gold1 & colors1 & escut*eons ( fl[]s1 
& small l&scapes4 ,among all ! fl[]s &  
exquisite floral patt]ns ! rose         
pr$om9ates1 & x is rem>kable h[ easily !
 peculi> t\* ( ! arti/--^: "n 0 ,rose--c
 be detect$4 ,ano!r /yle ( decoration   
peculi> to ,l[e/(t is a rococo scroll or
 runn+ bord] ( fl[]s1 slightly rais$ ^u 
! pla9 surface 9 opaque :ite enamel4  ,9
 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn1
 at ,albany1 is q a l>ge d9n]-s]vice ) !
 rose-decoration1 :i* we c easily       
believe to be true ,l[e/(t4 ,! colors   
are n brilliant1 nor is ! glaze p]fect4 
,! pa/e lacks ! :it5ess ( ! be/ ,*9ese1 
& is light] ?an any true ,*9ese porcela9
 ,i h se54 ,"s p]sons 9 ?is c\ntry ?9k t
 _m or mo/ ( ! d9n] & tea s]vices ord]$ 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ ! la/ c5tury1 &  
:i* x 0 suppos$ 7 made 9 ,*9a1 really   

came f ,l[e/(t ?r\gh ,liv]pool or       
,bri/ol2 among !m ^? sets :i* bore      
initials 9 a sort ( %ield1 & 7 f9i%$ on 
! edges ) a deep-blue b& /udd$ ) gold   
/>s4 ,x seems c]ta9 t ?is k9d (         
decoration 0 done at ,l[e/(t2 x is      
equally c]ta9 t x 0 also done 9 ,*9a1 f 
designs s5t out !re4 ,i h myself "s     
pieces s decorat$1 :i* 7 import$ direct 
f ,*9a to ,new ,hav5 ab\t ! end ( ! la/ 
c5tury4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4           
#adi4--,l[e/(t ,porcela94  ,! p]plexity 
& discussion exi/+ z to ! h>d-pa/e      
porcela9 made at ,l[e/(t h be5 increas$ 
by ! /atem5ts made by ,mr4 ,m>ryat &    
,mr4 ,jewett1 9 ,engl&1 t mu* :ite      
undecorat$ porcela9 0 import$ into      
,l[e/(t f ,*9a1 & 0 pa9t$ 9 ,engl&4 ,"s 
( ! =ms & decorations made at ,l[e/(t   
are s l ^? made 9 ,*9a t x has be5 almo/
 impossible to di/+ui% !m4 ,to a p]son n
 int]e/$1 ?is w seem a matt] ( ! v      
slighte/ consequ5ce2 to a *9a-fanci] q !
 contr>y4 ,sydney ,smi?1 y w rememb]1   
said x 0 /range1 b q true1 t !re 7      

p]sons liv+ :o spoke disrespectfully ( !
 equator1 b we %\ld be> ) !m & pity !m4 
,?is advice we mu/ apply to ^? :o c>e   
no?+ ab\t porcela94  ,mr4 ,*aff]s1 9 8  
"w1 ,m>ks & ,monograms on ,pott]y &     
,porcela91 pres5ts v /rong & v>i$       
te/imony to %[ t no :ite porcela9 0     
import$ f ,*9a & pa9t$ at ,l[e/(t2 t !  
h>d pa/e made at ,l[e/(t is q diff]5t1 &
 n s h>d z t made 9 ,*9a1 & ne$ n be    
conf\nd$ ) x4 ,my own belief is t mu* ( 
:at is call$ ,l[e/(t1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates1 0 made 9 ,*9a4  ,we     
engrave 7,fig4 #adi7 a pretty tea-s]vice
 f ,mr4 ,wales's collection1 :i* w      
recall to _m ( our read]s :at !y h se5  
on _! gr&mo!rs' tables any "t 9 ?is     
c5tury4 ,x is a /yle ( decoration :i* 0 
done at ,l[e/(t1 & also 9 ,*9a4  ,no    
m>ks 7 us$ on ! ,l[e/(t4  ,illu/ration3 
,,fig4 #aej4--,l[e/(t ,plate4  ,! next  
illu/ration 7,fig4 #aej71 f ! collection
 ( ,john ,v4 ,l4 ,pruyn1 ,esq41 (       
,albany1 is *>act]i/ic z %[+ ! use ( !  
rose at ,l[e/(t4 ,no bett] example ( x  

probably exi/s 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! pa/e is 
peculi>1 & n l mu* :i* is call$ ,l[e/(t4
 ,! plate is sixte5 & a half in*es 9    
diamet]1 ! colors are good1 & ! pa9t+ is
 c>efully done4  ,,worce/]--,,s(t       
,,pa/e4--,at ,worce/]1 9 ! ye> #agea1 ! 
,worce/] ,porcela9 ,company 0 =m$1 :i*  
has cont9u$ f t day to ?is4 ,dr4 ,wall1 
a physician & *emi/1 has ! cr$it ( be+ !
 orig9ator ( ?is ! l>ge/ & mo/ endur+ ( 
,engli% porcela9-works4 ,! cl]gy ( !    
ca!dral 7 greatly int]e/$1 & _h mu* to d
 ) ! success ( ! company4  ,9 ! beg9n+1 
x seems1 !re 0 a l>ge production ( tea &
 breakfa/ s]vices = dome/ic use2 & mu* (
 ?is 0 l ! ,*9ese blue & :ite1 copi$ f  
,ori5tal designs4 ,aft]w>d a trade      
sprung up ) ,turkey1 & mu* *9a 0 made = 
t m>ket4 ,_m ( ! e>ly m>ks1 & p>ticul>ly
 ^u ! ,ori5tal designs1 7 copies ( ^?   
f\nd ^u pieces ( ,*9ese porcela92 among 
:i* ! squ>e seal-m>k 7giv5 fur!r on7 is 
mo/ (t5 met )4 ,! cresc5t1 :i* is a     
well-kn[n ,worce/] m>k1 mo/ likely came 
into use :5 ! production ( porcela9 = ! 

,s>ac5 m>kets became an important       
bus9ess4 ,x is curi\s to note h[ v l>ge 
a dem& = f9e *9a came f ,turkey at t    
day1 & x exi/s /ill4 ,x is n[ "s f\r    
ye>s ago t ,i f\nd1 9 ,holl&1 a l>ge    
selection ( high-pric$ *9a _h j be5 made
 = ,con/ant9ople1 & ,i 0 told !n t !re 0
 always a good dem& !re1 & at good      
prices4 ,! ,turk is n altoge!r          
abom9able1 ?\gh he is a mo/ di/urb+     
quantity 9 ! politics ( ,europe 7#ahgf  
to #ahgh74  ,! blue1 s mu* 9 use 9 !    
e>ly decoration1 0 n a good color1 be+  
incl9$ t[>d black2 b aft]w>d ?is 0      
greatly improv$--approa*+ ! f9e cobalt  
color1 ?\gh x nev] rea*$ ! exquisite    
cele/ial blue ( ,nank+4  ,a v l>ge      
production at ,worce/] 0 9 mak+ copies (
 vases & o!r "w done at ,dresd51 ^u :i* 
birds1 insects1 & fl[]s1 7 pa9t$ ) great
 c>e2 s mu* s t1 if ! pa/e 7 n diff]5t1 
x might n be easy to di/+ui% !m f !     
,dresd54 ,! cross$ swords & caduceus    
7see ,dresd5 m>ks7 7 also us$ z m>ks on 
^!4  ,x is q cle> t ^? ?+s :i* imitat$  

:at o!r nations did1 sold be/ at t "t 9 
,engl&2 & ?is1 m ?an pov]ty ( inv5tion1 
we may suppose induc$ ^? excell5t       
,engli% arti/s to copy r ?an create4    
,*aff]s m5tions ! foll[+ z ! mo/ not$   
pa9t]s at ,worce/]3 ,p5n+ton1 figures2  
,a/le1 fl[]s2 ,davis1 exotic birds2     
,web/]1 l&scapes & fl[]s2 ,b>b]1 %ells2 
,brew]1 l&scapes2 ,baxt]1 ,l[e1 & ,cole1
 figure-subjects2 ,bill+sly1 fl[]s4     
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aea4--,royal      
,worce/] ,porcela94  ,pr9t+ 9 black ^u !
 porcela9 0 practis$ at ,worce/] to a   
consid]able ext5t2 & mugs ) pictures (  
,fr$]ick ! ,great seem to h be5 popul>  
at t day1 & are mu* s\ght = n[4 ,!      
portraits ( ,george ,,ii4 & ,,iii4 7    
also 9 dem&1 z well z _m o!rs4  ,!      
fl[]-pa9t+ ^u ?is1 z ^u all o!r         
,european porcela91 0                   
naturali/ic--copi$1 z ne>ly z possible1 
f ,nature4 ,good z mu* ( x is beyond "q1
 x fails to give to mo/ p]sons !        
gratification :i* comes f ! ,ori5tal    
treatm5t4 ,! la/ is decoration1 ! fir/  

is imitation4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4     
#aeb4--,worce/] & ,spode ,porcela94  ,! 
ri* d>k blues1 light$ up ) mu* gild+1 is
 a *>act]i/ic ( "s ( ! be/ ,worce/] "w1 
z well z t made at ,d]by4  ,)\t rea*+ ! 
f9e transluc5cy ( ! ,dresd5 & ,svres    
pa/e or body1 t at ,worce/] 0 a great   
advance ^u ! o!r ,engli% factories1     
inasmu* z x 0 /rong & durable2 & ! glaze
 0 also bett]2 x did n craze--%oot into 
cracks--l mu* ( t made at ,d]by4  ,9    
#aghc ! works w5t into ! possession ( ! 
,messrs4 ,flight4 ,9 #agic !y 7 c>ri$ on
 by ,flight & ,b>r4 ,9 #ahdj !y 7       
controll$ by ,*amb]la92 & at ! pres5t "t
 7#ahgf7 !y are 9 *>ge ( ,mr4 ,k4 ,w4   
,b9ns1 :o employs a great =ce1 &        
produces mu* excell5t "w1 & "s :i* may  
be call$ exquisite4 ,8 imitations (     
,limoges enamels & ,*9ese ivory-"w are  
p]fect2 z x seems to me1 q too good4 ,i 
%\ld l to see su* p]fection appli$ to   
g5u9e "w & to orig9al design4 ,he has   
also made a specialty ( reproduc+ curi\s
 examples ( ,japanese1 ,*9ese1 & ,corean

 porcela91 sometimes id5tically &       
sometimes 9 modifi$ =ms4 ,we engrave    
7,fig4 #aea7 a f9e example ( ! latt] f !
 collection ( ,messrs4 ,tiffany &       
,company1 ( ,new ,york4  ,among our     
illu/rations 7see ,fig4 #adh7 are two   
plates conta9+ portraits ( ,sir ,isaac  
,newton & ,alb]t ,dr]4 ,! colors are r$1
 br[n1 & gold2 also a teacup & sauc]1   
mo/ delightfully & ri*ly pa9t$4 ,^! are 
9 ! possession ( ,g4 ,w4 ,wales1 ,esq41 
( ,bo/on4 ,9 ,fig4 #aeb is a teapot 9   
ri* blue & gold1 "p ( a set belong+ to  
,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,prime4 ,?is has ! m>k  (  
,bri/ol1 b1 z x is s(t pa/e1 x is       
probably ,worce/]4  ,m>ks ( ,worce/]    
porcela93  ,illu/ration3 ,worce/]       
cresc5t 7#agee74  ,illu/ration3 ,us$ d[n
 to #agic4  ,illu/ration3 ,us$ by ,dr4  
,wall4  ,illu/ration3 ,imitation ,*9ese4
  ,illu/ration3 ,imitation ,ori5tal4    
,illu/ration3 ,imitation ,ori5tal4      
,illu/ration3 ,imitation ,dresd54       
,illu/ration3 ,imitation ,dresd54       
,illu/ration3 ,imitation ,dresd54       

,illu/ration3 ,messrs4 ,flight 7#aghc to
 #aghh74  ,illu/ration3 ,flight & ,b>r  
7#agic to #ahjg74  ,illu/ration3 ,b>r   
7#agic to #ahjc74  ,illu/ration3 ,b>r1  
,flight & ,b>r 7#ahjg to #ahah74  ,!    
m>ks us$ at ! pres5t "t at ,worce/]     
7#ahgf7 are z foll[s3  ,illu/ration3 ,9 
use s9ce #aheb4  ,illu/ration3 ,9 use   
s9ce #aheg4                             
,,*amb]la9',s--,,worce/]4--,9 #aghf     
,rob]t & ,humphrey ,*amb]la9 began a    
porcela9-factory at ,worce/]4 ,rob]t _h 
le>n$ ! bus9ess 9 ! old ,worce/] works1 
& 0 an accompli%$ man4 ,"s              
spl5didly-decorat$ porcela9 0 made by   
!m2 & a breakfa/-set1 made = ,"l        
,nelson1 is q fam\s4 ,pieces ( x are    
f\nd 9 collections4 ,! ,*amb]la9s       
employ$ ! be/ pa9t]s1 & paid high wages4
 ,_! exp5sive "w 0 made ri* ) mu* gold4 
,a dess]t-s]vice 9 ! possession ( ,mr4  
,w4 ,c4 ,prime1 ( ,new ,york1 %[s ?is1 &
 is brilliant & effective4 ,we engrave  
"o ( ! plates 7,fig4 #aeb74 ,! birds are
 tropical1 & f9e 9 color1 & ! plants are

 bord]$ ) gold4 ,! ,*amb]la9s' factories
 are n[ incorporat$ ) ! ,worce/]        
,company1 "u ! *>ge ( ,mr4 ,b9ns4  ,!   
,*amb]la9s' fir/ m>k 0 ! "n ,*amb]la91  
writt5 ) a bru% 9 a runn+ h&4 ,aft]w>d a
 /amp 0 us$1 conta9+ a cr[n & ! names   
,*amb]la9 & ,company1 & ,worce/]4 ,!n ! 
names simply (  ,,*amb]la91 ,,worce/]4  
,m>ks ( ,*amb]la9 porcela93             
,illu/ration  ,illu/ration  ,illu/ration
  ,,plym\?--,,h>d ,,porcela94--,! fir/  
true or h>d-pa/e porcela9 made 9 ,engl& 
0 made by ,william ,cookwor?y1 :o1 be+  
greatly int]e/$ 9 porcela9-mak+1        
e/abli%$ a factory at ,plym\? ab\t      
#agfj4 ,he seems to h discov]$ ! true   
kaol9 clays 9 ,cornwall1 ! b$s f :i* s  
mu* ( ! ,engli% clays are n[ tak54 ,he  
took out pat5ts = a k9d ( porcela9 newly
 inv5t$1 compos$ ( ,moor/one or gr[an1 &
 gr[an clay1 f\nd 9 ,devon & ,cornwall4 
,he adv]tis$ = pa9t]s1 & a ,fr5*man nam$
 ,soqui seems to h be5 v skillful4      
,bone1 also1 0 "o ( 8 be/ pa9t]s4 ,! w>e
 made 0 p]fect h>d porcela91 b x 0 mu* m

 co/ly ?an ! ord9>y s(t porcela9 (      
,engl&1 & c\ld n compete ) x = price4   
,_m ( ! pieces 7 w>p$ or craz$ 9 ! /rong
 heat necess>ily us$1 & ! loss 9 ?is way
 0 great4 ,besides ?is1 ! good public   
did n c>e to pay high = :at !n _h no    
pre/ige1 & 0 really no m beautiful ?an !
 s(t-pa/e porcela9 ( ,engl&4 ,z ! fir/  
h>d-pa/e porcela9 made 9 ,engl&1 & z b  
little ( x 0 made1 x is n[ valu$ by     
*9a-collectors1 & x sells = high prices4
  ,"s highly-f9i%$ d9n] & tea s]vices   
made !re1 l ! ,nank+ blue1 are excell5t1
 & are mu* valu$4 ,vases & o!r pieces   
pa9t$ 9 colors1 ) birds & o!r           
highly-color$ designs1 7 also produc$ 9 
! same /yles z ^? made on ! ,cont95t4   
,figures1 also1 !n mu* 9 fa%ion1 7      
model$ "h1 l ^? made at ,*elsea &       
else:]e4  ,cookwor?y sp5t mu* money1 &  
made none1 & he came to 8 end4 ,at la/1 
9 #aggd1 he sold 8 int]e/s & pat5ts to  
,*ampion1 ( ,bri/ol1 & ! "w ceas$4  ,!  
m>k us$ 0 ! sign ( ! planet ,jupit]--v  
ne>ly ! figure #d4 ,x 0 some:at v>i$4   

,m>ks us$ on ,plym\? porcela93          
,illu/ration3 ,m>ks us$ on ,plym\?      
porcela9  ,,bri/ol--,,h>d ,,pa/e4--,!   
production at ,bri/ol grew out ( t at   
,plym\?1 ( :i* we h giv5 a brief acc\nt4
 ,ri*>d ,*ampion1 m]*ant1 ( ,bri/ol1 0 a
 man ( mu* activity & ability4 ,he took 
up ! mak+ ( porcela9 ) eag]ness1 & is   
said to h produc$ bo? s(t & h>d *9a at 8
 factory4 ,! h>d pa/e 0 us$ aft] 8      
pur*ase ( ! pat5ts1 etc41 ( ! ,plym\?   
factory 9 #aggd4 ,besides "s v indiff]5t
 porcela91 "s v beautiful "w 0 made at  
,bri/ol2 & = two or ?ree ye>s !re 0 mu* 
activity !re4 ,b ,*ampion1 hav+ no      
te*nical k or skill1 & b insuffici5t    
capital1 soon fail$1 & ! "w ceas$ 9     
#aggg4 ,he emigrat$ to ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :]e
 he di$ 9 #agia4  ,s little ( ?is       
,bri/ol h>d porcela9 0 made t x n[ br+s 
great prices4  ,blue & :ite tea & dess]t
 s]vices1 9 ! /yle ( ! ,*9ese1 7 made   
!re1 z 7 _m articles decorat$ ) fl[]s4  
,walpole m5tions1 9 8 li/ ( prices1 a   
cup & sauc]1 :ite1 ) gre5 fe/oons (     

fl[]s1 ( ,bri/ol porcela94  ,m>ryat     
ref]s to a f9e tea & c(fee s]vice made =
 ,edmund ,burke 9 #aggd1 :o pres5t$ x to
 a ,mrs4 ,smi?1 :o _h ent]ta9$ him dur+ 
8 election4 ,he says3 ,! *9a is ri* 9   
gild+1 ! design elegant1 & ! execution  
good4  ,mrs4 ,james1 ( ,cambridge1 has  
"o or two cups & sauc]s ( blue h>d pa/e 
m>k$ ) !  9 gold--n 9 blue1 :i* 0 !     
usual m>k ( ,bri/ol2 b !re is little    
d\bt t ^! are true ,bri/ol4  ,m>ks f\nd 
on ,bri/ol porcela93  ,illu/ration3     
,ab\t #aggc4  ,illu/ration3 ,imitation (
 ,ori5tal4  ,illu/ration  ,illu/ration  
,illu/ration3 ,! cross is impress$4     
,illu/ration3 ,cross$ swords ( ,dresd54 
,illu/ration3 ,suppos$ to be ! "n (     
,tebo1 a model]4  ,,p9xton1             
,,d]by%ire--,,s(t ,,pa/e4--,ab\t #agic  
to #agid a small manufactory ( porcela9 
0 />t$ at ,p9xton by ,john ,coke &      
,william ,bill+sly4 ,?is la/ _h be5 a   
practical pott] & an excell5t pa9t] (   
fl[]s at ,d]by4 ,he _h "s secrets = mix+
 8 pa/e1 :i* secur$ great transluc5cy1 b

 x 0 v t5d]1 & easily damag$ or de/roy$ 
9 ! kiln4 ,?is peculi> pa/e made by him 
at ,p9xton1 aft]w>d at ,nantg>w or      
,nantg>[1 & at ,swansea1 breaks ) a     
granulat$ fracture1 & is q diff]5t 9 ?is
 respect f any o!r4 ,a favorite         
decoration 0 :at 0 t]m$ ! ,fr5* sprig1  
compos$ ( =get-me-nots & gold sprigs    
scatt]$ ov] ! plate4 ,fl[]s & l&scapes  
also 7 pa9t$1 & ! di%es 7 usually f9i%$ 
) a blue or a gold edge4 ,no m>ks 7 us$1
 ?\gh a lett] ,p is sometimes attribut$ 
to ?is factory4  ,,nantg>w--,,h>d       
,,porcela94--,?is porcela9-factory 9    
,glamorgan%ire 0 />t$ 9 #ahac by ! same 
,bill+sly4 ,he made a cle> & beautiful  
pa/e1 & 8 productions1 :e!r made at     
,p9xton1 ,nantg>w1 or ,swansea1 are     
highly valu$4  ,! m>k 0 ne>ly always    
,,nantg>w1 impress$4                    
,,swansea4--,e>!n-w>e 0 made at ,swansea
 z e>ly z #agej 9 consid]able           
quantities4 ,b x 0 n till ne> ! end ( ! 
c5tury t porcela9 0 produc$ !re by      
,messrs4 ,ha9es & ,company4  ,! porcela9

 subsequ5tly made 7ab\t #ahad1 & lat]7  
is n[ mu* priz$4 ,ab\t #ahbj ! ,swansea 
works 7 pur*as$ by ,mr4 ,rose1 & all 0  
conc5trat$ at ,coalport4  ,bo? at       
,nantg>w & ,swansea v free &            
f9ely-color$ roses appe> on ! "w1       
probably done by ,bill+sly4 ,b little ( 
ei!r ( ^! factories exi/s4  ,m>ks us$ on
 ,swansea porcela93  ,illu/ration       
,illu/ration  ,illu/ration  ,illu/ration
  ,,turn] 7,,?omas7 erect$ a            
porcela9-factory at ,caughley1 ne>      
,bridgnor?1 9 #agge4 ,! ,caughley works 
7 comm5c$ 9 #agea by ,mr4 ,br[ne1 (     
,caughley ,hall1 9 a small way1 =       
e>!n-w>e1 & rea*$ little di/9ction until
 !y came into ! h&s ( ,turn]4 ,turn]    
made excell5t porcela91 & has ! cr$it ( 
introduc+ ! fam\s ,will[-patt]n--copi$ f
 ! ,nank+ blue2 also ! blue             
,dragon--into ,engl&4 ,! pr9cipal m>ks  
are z foll[s4  ,m>ks ( ,caughley & (    
,turn]3  ,illu/ration3 ,us$ 9 #agej4    
,illu/ration3 ,us$ 9 #aggb4             
,illu/ration3 ,us$ by ,rose 9 #agii4    

,illu/ration3 ,v>i\s ,m>ks4  ,,coalport1
 ,,9 ,,colebrook ,,dale1                
,,%rop%ire4--,works 7 e/abli%$ "h by    
,mr4 ,john ,rose1 ab\t #aghj to #agij4  
,! ,caughley works 7 subsequ5tly        
incorporat$ ) ^!1 z 7 ! ,swansea &      
,nantg>w works4 ,! factory is /ill 9    
op]ation at ,coalport1 :]e f9e porcela9 
is produc$4  ,m>ks us$ at ,coalport3    
,illu/ration3 ,ab\t #aghg4              
,,h]culaneum4--,?is pott]y 0 e/abli%$   
ne> ,liv]pool 9 #agij1 by ,ri*>d ,abbey2
 ab\t #agif x w5t into ! h&s ( ,messrs4 
,wor?+ton1 ,humble1 & ,holl&4 ,porcela9 
0 made "h1 ?\gh e>!n-w>e 0 ! pr9cipal   
production4 ,on ne>ly all ! porcela9 !  
"n ,h]culaneum is ei!r pr9t$ or /amp$4  
,! works ceas$ :olly ab\t ! ye> #ahda1  
hav+ pass$ ?r\gh a numb] ( h&s4 ,! site 
is n[ occupi$ by ! ,h]culaneum ,dock1 at
 ,liv]pool4  ,,%elton1 ,,or ,,new       
,,hall--,,h>d ,,pa/e4--,a small factory 
( porcela9 grew up at ,%elton1 out ( !  
wreck ( ,*ampion's works at ,bri/ol4    
,*ampion appe>s to h sold 8 pat5ts &    

good-w to a p>tn]%ip ( pott]s ab\t      
#aggg1 & ,*ampion himself became _!     
sup]9t5d5t = a "t at ,tun/all4 ,aft]w>d 
! works 7 remov$ to ! ,new ,hall1 at    
,%elton4  ,! "w done 0 h>d pa/e1 & mu* l
 t made at ,bri/ol1 ! same workm5 &     
processes be+ employ$4 ,at fir/ h>d     
porcela9 0 made1 :i* 0 /amp$ ) an ,n4   
,aft] #ahaj s(t pa/e 0 us$1 & ! m>k !n 0
 ,new ,hall1 9 a circle4  ,! factory w5t
 out ( exi/5ce 9 #ahbe4                 
,,rock+ham4--,"s admirable porcela9 0   
made at ! ,sw9ton pott]y1 "u ! patronage
 ( ! ,m>quis ( ,rock+ham1 ^u ^: e/ate ! 
factory /ood4 ,ab\t #ahjg ! works w5t   
into ! h&s ( ! two ,bramelds1 :o made   
porcela9 ( ! be/ description1 sp>+ no   
pa9s or co/ to br+ x to p]fection4 ,(   
c\rse1 !y c\ld make no money--x is n    
easy :5 "o gives m ?an "o gets4 ,"s ( ! 
pieces ( ,rock+ham rank z high z any    
made 9 ,engl&4 ,specim5s are r>e 9      
,engl&1 & ,i "k ( none 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! 
works ceas$ 9 #ahdb4  ,! m>k 0 a griff91
 ! ,rock+ham cre/3  ,illu/ration        

,,spode4--,"s ( ! ri*e/ & mo/ beautiful 
,engli% porcela9 ,i h ev] se5 is m>k$   
,spode4 ,a tea-set1 9 ,fig4 #aeb 7cup & 
sauc]1 & sug>-b[l71 is p]fect 9 =m1     
pa/e1 & decoration2 ! b&s are 9 high    
colors1 & ! fl[]s1 :i* appe> black 9 !  
engrav+1 are ( a subtile blue4  ,!      
sug>-b[l on ! "r1 9 ! same plate 7,fig4 
#aeb71 is highly & ri*ly color$4 ,no    
black-&-:ite pr9t c give any?+ ( !      
spl5dor ( color ( "s pieces ( ,spode ,i 
saw 9 ,engl&1 or ( ! piece "h figur$1   
:i* is f ,mr4 ,prime's collection4  ,!re
 seems to h be5 no fa%ion or rage = ?is 
delightful "w 9 ,engl&--j :y1 x is n    
easy to expla92 consequ5tly1 prices h n 
ris5 beyond ! means ( ord9>y mortals4   
,! fir/ ',siah ,spode work$ z an        
appr5tice ) ,mr4 ,:ieldon1 ( ,f5ton1 9  
#agdi1 at #bs4 #c;d4 or #bs4 #f;d4 p]   
week1 if he des]v$ x4 ,:5 he became 8   
own man1 9 #aged1 he got #gs4 #f;d4 p]  
week--q a diff]5t wages-tale f :at is n[
 told at ,worce/]4  ,8 son1 ,josiah     
,spode1 began ! porcela9 fabric ab\t !  

ye> #ahjj1 at ,/oke1 "u ! firm-"n (     
,spode1 ,son1 & ,copel&4 ,he is said to 
h introduc$ bones into ! pa/e--n[ 9     
g5]al use 9 s(t porcela94  ,9 #ahcc !   
works 7 pur*as$ by ,ald]man ,w4 ,t4     
,copel&4 ,9 #ahdc ! firm-"n 0 ,copel& & 
,g>rett4 ,aft]w>d1 ,ald]man ,copel&     
alone 0 aga9 ! proprietor4 ,8 m>k 0 two 
cross$ ,c's1 ) ! "n ,copel& b5ea?3      
,illu/ration  ,! works are n[ conduct$  
"u ! "n ( ,w4 ,t4 ,copel& & ,sons1 & !  
m>k is ne>ly ! same1 ! only diff]5ce be+
 t ! cross$ ,c's are ornam5t$4  ,!      
,copel&s are not$ = ! excell5ce ( ! /yle
 & f9i% ( _! high] grades ( porcela91 9 
:i* !y are surpass$ by no o!r ,engli%   
h\se4 ,"o ( _! specialties is jewel$    
porcela91 9 :i* jewels are repres5t$ by 
color$ enamels ) f9e effect4 ,we give an
 example ( ?is 9 ,fig4 #aec1 f !        
collection ( ,messrs4 ,tiffany &        
,company4  ,mr4 ,,francis ,,place1 a    
g5tleman ( ,york%ire1 made porcela9 late
 9 ! #afjj's or e>ly 9 ! #agjj's4 ,a few
 examples ( x only are kn[n to exi/1 & x

 probably 0 made r z an exp]im5t1 & did 
n rea* a comm]cial circulation4  ,h4 &  
,r4 ,,daniell1 ( ,/oke & ,%elton1 made  
f9e porcela9 & /onew>e z e>ly z #ahbf4  
,"s ( ?is porcela9 is highly prais$ by  
,*aff]s4 ,x is d\btful if we h any ( x 9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  ,,w$gwoods4--,! old  
h\se ( ,w$gwood1 f\nd$ by ,josiah--( :om
 ,i speak 9 ano!r place--is /ill 9      
active s]vice1 & has 9 ^! lat] ye>s     
produc$ porcela9 ( great excell5ce4     
,,m9ton',s works1 at ,/oke-^u-,tr5t1 are
 n[ v ext5sive4 ,n only is porcela9 made
 !re 9 great v>iety1 b e>!n-w>e & tiles 
l>gely4  ,! factory 0 e/abli%$ 9 #agia1 
by ,?omas ,m9ton4 ,"s ( ! mo/ elaborate 
pieces ( porcela9-"w are n[ made !re4 ,!
 m>k is ,m9ton1 /amp$ on ! pieces4      
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aec4--;,copel&'s  
,jewel$ ,porcela94  ,among ! pr9cipal   
arti/s 9 ! ,messrs4 ,m9tons' employ is  
,m4 ,solon1 =m]ly ( ,svres1 :o has      
produc$ "s exquisite vases 9            
pte-sur-pte--a me?od :i* consi/s 9      
work+1 ^u a d>k body or pa/e1 designs 9 

a :ite or light] pa/e4 ,?is1 be+        
semi-transp>5t1 admits ( delicate %ad+ &
 model+4 ,?is fasc9at+ & f9i%$ /yle ( "w
 orig9at$1 s f> z we "k1 9 ,france1 :]e 
"s admirable pieces h be5 made1 m p]fect
 ev5 ?an ^? by ,m4 ,solon4 ,! vases by  
him1 :i* 7 exhibit$ 9 ,philadelphia 9   
#ahgf1 & :i* 7 sold to ,sir ,ri*>d      
,wallace = six hundr$ gu9eas1 h a deep  
olive-gre5 body1 ^u :i* ! figures seem  
float+1 z if !y _h j appe>$ f ! d>k1 or 
might at any mom5t s9k into x4 ,! my/]y 
& /r5g? ( color no "o c fa?om or expla91
 nor c "o at all put into words !       
ineffable satisfaction :i* "o receives f
 su* "w z ?is4 ,x is gratify+ to "k t   
two pairs ( ^! vases 7 b\ght 9 ?is      
c\ntry--"o by ! ,philadelphia ,indu/rial
 ,museum1 & "o by ,h5ry ,gibson1 ,esq41 
( t city4  ,! example :i* we engrave    
7,fig4 #aed7 is f ! collection (        
,messrs4 ,tiffany & ,company1 ( ,new    
,york4 ,! gr\nd is a lum9\s blue1 !     
figures 9 a delicate :ite4  ,al?\gh ,m4 
,solon has transf]r$ 8 labors to ,engl&1

 he mu/ be reg>d$ z ! outcome r ( !     
,fr5* ?an ( ! ,engli% soil4             
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aed4--,vase 9     
,pte-sur-,pte1 by ,solon4  ,ano!r       
feature ( ! ,m9ton productions is !     
imitation ( cloisonn "w1 us+ porcela9   
in/ead ( metal1 & pa9t+ on x ) colors   
mix$ ) opaque enamels1 z is practis$    
also 9 ,*9a4 ,we give a f9e             
repres5tation 9 ,fig4 #aee4  ,! te*nical
 excell5ce ( ! mod]n ,engli% porcela9 is
 v great1 b x is n rem>kable =          
orig9ality ( design4 ,! tea & d9n]      
s]vices %[n at ! ,philadelphia          
,exhibition 7 great 9 numb]1 v>iety1 &  
excell5ce4 ,we give illu/rations ( "s   
pieces made by ,messrs4 ,br[n-,we/head1 
,moore & ,company 7,figs4 #aef & #aeg71 
:i* 7 satisfactory4  ,illu/ration3      
,,fig4 #aee4--;,bottle1 9 ,cloisonn4    
,messrs4 ,bromfield & ,son also _h "s   
excell5t examples ( d9n]-porcela94 ,!   
excell5ce ( ! pa/e & ! f9i% 7 notable 9 
all ( ! displays by ! _m ,engli%        
exhibitors4  ,9 su* an exhibition "o    

looks1 ( c\rse1 = pieces made specially 
to cat* ! eye & excite surprise1 :i*    
might be call$ ! gymna/ics ( art2 & "o  
is usually gratifi$4 ,! exhibition 0 ri*
 ) !m1 &1 ( c\rse1 !y dem&$ att5tion1 & 
a*iev$ _! purpose4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #aef4--,porcela9 ( ,br[n-,we/head1     
,moore & ,company4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #aeg4--,porcela9 ( ,br[n-,we/head1     
,moore & ,company4  ,! l>ge/ & mo/ v>i$ 
exhibition 0 made by ,messrs4 ,daniells 
& ,son1 ( ,london2 & !y _h collect$ _!  
"w f _m pott]s1 "s ( !m among ! mo/     
di/+ui%$ ( ,engl& at ! pres5t "t4       
,,*apt] ,,xvi4  ,,! ,,porcela9s ,,(     
,,nor!rn ,,europe4       ,holl& &       
,belgium4--,ori5tal                     
,trade4--,weesp4--,m>ks4--,loosdre*t4--,
am/el1 ,old &      ,new4--,m>ks4--,!    
,hague4--,m>ks4--,lille4--,m>k4--,t\rnay
4      --,m>ks4--,sw$54--,gu/avus       
,adolphus & ,*>les                      
,,xii4--,m>ieb]g4--,rr/r&4--,m>ks4--,d5m
>k4--,cop5hag54                         
--,m>ks4--,russia4--,pet] !             

,great4--,ca!r9e                        
,,ii4--,m>ks4--,tv]4--,g>dn]4--,mosc[4--
,pop(f4--,gul5a4                        
--,m>k4--,pol&4--,korzec4   ,holl& ,,&  
,,belgium4--,x may be said t long be=e  
,holl& attempt$ ! production ( porcela9 
%e _h be5 mak+ fai5ce or e>!n-w>e1 :i*  
is n[ well kn[n "u ! "n ( delft1 ( :i*  
,i h giv5 a cond5s$ acc\nt else:]e4  ,:5
 "o rememb]s t ,holl& has long w9t]s &  
cool summ]s2 t h] p h n only _h to fight
 _! fell[-m51 b h _h to snat* f ! cruel 
sea a consid]able portion ( :at is n[   
dry l&2 t %e has _h to build two hundr$ 
miles ( broad & /rong dikes1 & to see t 
!y are always /rong & safe2 &1 add$ to  
?is1 has _h to draw =? f ! soil & ! sea 
! food to fe$ h] millions--:5 "o        
rememb]s ^! ?+s1 "o well may wond] t !re
 has gr[n up !re su* a love = art z has 
produc$ ! mo/ int]e/+ s*ool ( pa9t]s 9  
all ! _w2 t all ov] ?is holl[ l& are    
well-built cities & mo/ com=table h\ses1
 & t 9 ^! h\ses are probably m f9e      
porcela9s & curi\s clocks1 pictures1 &  

tape/ries1 ?an 9 any o!r l&1 "o wond]s  
/ill m4  ,! two secrets :i* help to     
expla9 ?is s+ul> success are ^!3 ,?is   
necess>y w>f>e ) ,nature has made a     
h>dy1 a pati5t1 & a frugal p4 ,n only   
has ?is p conqu]$ & subdu$ ! l&--x has  
also conqu]$ & subdu$ ! sea1 & has drawn
 /ores ( weal? f bo?4 ,s x has come to  
pass t "o hundr$ ?\s& m5 7 engag$1 9 !  
la/ c5tury1 9 ! fi%]ies1 & a common saw 
0 t ! f\ndations ( ,am/]dam 7 laid on   
h]r+-bones4  ,b ^! fi%]ies creat$ a     
class ( m5 :o 7 ready to rove ! ocean 9 
se>* ( good or gold4 ,h] d>+ navigators 
soon foll[$ ,vasco da ,gama ar\nd !     
,cape ( ,good ,hope1 & 9 due "t succe$$ 
to ! trade ( ! ,ea/1 :i* %e held = ov]  
two c5turies1 & out ( :i* %e ga9$ untold
 weal?2 ) :i* %e built cities & ca/les &
 *ur*es2 ) :i* %e paid arti/s2 ) :i* %e 
/ock$ h] h\ses ) ! f9e/ porcela9s ( !   
,ea/4  ,?us1 f t e>ly day1 a great love 
= f9e porcela9 has exi/$ 9 ! ,l[        
,c\ntries--:at we n[ "k z ,holl& &      
,belgium4 ,at ! pres5t "t no field be>s 

a bett] yield = ! glean] :o seeks f9e   
examples ( old porcela91 & especially ( 
! ,ori5tal1 ?an ^! c\ntries4 ,?\s&s ^u  
?\s&s ( porcela9s 7 import$ into ,holl& 
aft] ! ye> #afdj1 :5ce !y 7 di/ribut$   
ov] ,europe4 ,b ,holl& c\ld n hold h]   
monopoly ( trade2 ,france & ,engl& s\ght
 to grasp x1 too1 & ,engl& succe$$4     
,dur+ ! la/ c5tury ,engl& has /eadily   
drawn ! trade ( ! ,ea/ to h]self1 &     
,holl& has lo/ :at ,engl& has ga9$4  ,9 
! _m *anges consequ5t ^u ?is1 _m /ores (
 good porcela9 ga!r$ 9 ,holl& h         
gradually come to be sold to p]sons :o  
want$ !m m ?an ! ,dut* did4  ,out ( ?is 
great trade ) ! ,ori5tals x is easy to  
see t ! ,dut* %\ld come to be           
connoisseurs & lov]s ( porcela94 ,x is  
also easy to see t a suffici5t int]e/   
%\ld spr+ up !re1 aft] ! discov]y ( true
 porcela9 at ,dresd51 to induce p]sons  
to attempt ! manufacture 9 ,holl&4 ,?is 
0 /imulat$ dur+ ! ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w>1 :5 !
 works at ,meiss5 7,dresd57 7 clos$1 & =
 a "t brok5 up4 ,!n 9 ,holl&1 z well z 9

 o!r c\ntries ( ,europe1 !re 0 an       
opportunity4 ,! love = porcela9 _h gr[n 
great aft] ! discov]ies at ,dresd51 & ! 
dem& = x 0 va/ly increas$4 ,!           
di/urbances 9 ,saxony1 am\nt+ to        
prohibition ( ! manufacture1 gave o!r   
c\ntries a possible *ance to compete ) !
 advantages ( ,saxony1 :i* o!rwise 7    
ov]:elm+4 ,/ill1 9 ,holl& no great      
comm]cial success 0 rea*$4 ,9 none ( ^! 
nor!rn c\ntries has ! mak+ ( f9e        
porcela9 be5 an assur$ success4 ,?is is 
ow+ to _m causes1 among :i* we may po9t 
to--  #a4 ,! g5ius ( ! p does n impel   
!m4  #b4 ,! clay & ! wood & ! coal are n
 at _! doors4  #c4 ,o!r nations h tak5 !
 lead & driv5 !m f ! m>kets ( ! _w1     
sometimes f _! own4  ,9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries 
we may m5tion z places :]e ! manufacture
 0 attempt$--)1 h[ev]1 only a fictile   
life3 ,weesp1 ,loosdre*t1 ,arnheim1     
,am/]dam1 ,am/el--old & new--,! ,hague1 
,t\rnay1 ,brussels1 ,luxemburg1 ,lille  
7n[ 9 ,france74  ,,weesp--,,h>d         
,,pa/e4--,! fir/ ef=t 0 made at ,weesp1 

n f> f ,am/]dam1 ab\t #agfd1 dur+ !     
,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,= a %ort "t1 until   
#agga1 f9e & :ite porcela9 0 made "h1 b 
n 9 great quantities1 & ! attempt 0 n a 
comm]cial success4  ,! m>ks 73          
,illu/ration  ,at ,,loosdre*t 7,,h>d    
,,pa/e71 n f> f ,utre*t1 ,de ,moll began
 a small factory 9 #aggb4 ,he made a f9e
 quality ( *9a1 closely foll[+ !        
,dresd54 ,x _h b a %ort exi/5ce4 ,8 m>k 
0 ,m o ,l41 mean+ ,manufactur oude      
,loosdre*t4  ,,am/el 7,oude71 ne>       
,am/]dam1 made ! next essay 7#aghb71 &  
produc$ good porcela92 b x c\ld n hold  
its own aga9/ t :i* ! ,engli% 7 n[ s5d+ 
=? into ! m>kets ( ! _w--patriotism 0 n 
equal to cope ) *eapness4  ,! m>k 0 !   
lett]s ,a & ,d comb9$1 9 script4  ,at   
,,new ,,am/el1 ne>] to ,am/]dam1 !      
attempt 0 also made1 :i* cont9u$ ?r\gh  
#ahjh to #ahaj1 :5 x too di$4 ,! m>k "h 
0 also 9 script4  ,m>ks us$ at ,am/]dam3
  ,illu/ration  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4    
#aeh4--,porcela9 ( ,! ,hague4  ,at ,,!  
,,hague1 ab\t #agge1 bo? h>d & s(t      

porcela9 0 made1 & ( great excell5ce4 ,m
 0 done "h ?an at ,am/]dam1 & ! "w 0 (  
sup]ior quality4 ,"s ( ! pa9t+ 0        
excell5t--equal to t done at ,dresd54   
,tea & d9n] s]vices ( great beauty 7    
made1 :i* are n[ & !n to be b\ght 9     
,europe4 ,! examples %[n 9 ,fig4 #aeh   
are a plate1 & cup & sauc]1 f ,mr4      
,wales's collection4  ,! m>k 0 a /ork   
hold+ a fi%1 ! symbol ( ! t[n4          
,illu/ration  ,at ,,lille 7,,s(t        
,,porcela971 ,sieurs ,dorez & ,pelissi]1
 uncle & nephew1 7 grant$ privileges =  
mak+ porcela9 z e>ly z #agaa1 & ?is ) t 
at ,/4-,cl\d 7 ! only factories at t "t 
9 ,europe4 ,b little is kn[n ( ?is w>e1 
except t x resembl$ t made at ,/4-,cl\d1
 & t x _h no di/9ctive m>k4 ,h>d        
porcela9 0 aft]w>d made !re 7#aghd7 by  
"o ,durot1 :i* %[$ great excell5ce1 !   
decoration be+ mo/ly fl[]s & gold4 ,^!  
pieces are q r>e4  ,! m>k 0 a cr[n$     
dolph94  ,illu/ration  ,at ,,t\rnay     
7,,doornick7 s(t-pa/e porcela9 0 made 9 
#agej1 & a v l>ge bus9ess 0 done at "o  

"t1 z _m z two hundr$ workm5 be+ employ$
 9 #agfb4 ,*aff]s says ?is factory is   
/ill at "w1 & t pte t5dre is /ill made  
!re1 :i* is 9 close imitation ( t once  
made at ,svres4  ,! m>k ( ! t[] is      
sometimes ref]r$ to ,t\rnay1 & sometimes
 to ! porcela9 made at ,v9c5nes4 ,x is 9
 d\bt4 ,! o!r m>k 9 gold indicates be/2 
9 blue or r$1 second-be/4 ,! m>ks ,to & 
,ty are suppos$ to be old m>ks (        
,t\rnay4  ,! m>ks us$3  ,illu/ration    
,,sw$54--,t ! colde/ & mo/ savage c\ntry
 ( ,europe %\ld be ri* 9 any?+ except m5
 & wom5 is /range4 ,& is x8 ,accord+ to 
! /&>ds ( ,engl& or ,am]ica1 we may say1
 ,no4 ,& yet travel]s tell u t 9 ! t[ns 
& on ! c\ntry e/ates are h\ses ri* )    
works ( art1 & fill$ ) books4 ,s f> z ^!
 g !y indicate weal? & leisure4 ,b ! be/
 sign ( a prosp]\s p is n pictures2     
nei!r is x books4 ,is x n t m ?an       
"o-half h] p own _! l&s & raise ! food  
!y eat8 ,is x n t ! gre$y cormorant     
call$ ,trade has n %ut up mo/ ( h] p 9  
^? ,ba/iles call$ factories1 & ?us      

degrad$ body & s\l to ! v]ge (1 if n    
into1 ! gulf ( paup]ism & vice8  ,?is   
helps to expla9 ! g5]al well-be+ :i* is 
/ill to be f\nd 9 ^? nor!rn c\ntries (  
,sw$51 ,norway1 & ,d5m>k2 b x does n    
fully expla9 :5ce came ! fir/ fl[ (     
weal? & ! fir/ ga!r+s ( art into ,sw$54 
,i believe !y came f ! great &          
successful w>s ( ,gu/avus ,adolphus &   
,*>les ,,xii4  ,by no possibility c w>  
be c>eful ( ! rights ( man4 ,w> is      
int5d$ to hurt1 to exhau/1 to consume   
o!r nations4 ,w> n only takes food &    
munitions 9 ! conqu]$ c\ntry2 x takes   
:atev] x wants & c take1 :e!r (         
necess>ies1 luxuries1 gold1 or art4 ,w>1
 we "k1 enabl$ ! fir/ & great ,napoleon 
to enri* 8 palaces & ! museums ( ,p>is )
 ! f9e/ works ( art f\nd 9 ! c\ntries he
 ov]ran4 ,w>1 ,i d n d\bt1 br\ght into  
,sw$5 ! beg9n+s ( ^? collections :i* n[ 
c\nt _m ( ! f9e pictures ( ,guido &     
,raphael1 ( ,t5i]s & ,d\w4 ,frugality & 
g5]al well-do+ h done ! re/2 s t all    
?r\gh ! s\? ( ,sw$51 & less 9 ,norway1  

are to be f\nd delightful h\ses &       
cultivat$ p4 ,b nei!r ,sw$5 nor ,norway 
has made ,art ! fir/ bus9ess or fir/    
glory ( life2 & well = h] t !y h n4 ,?is
 is ! ornam5t & f9i% ( ! /ructure1 n its
 body or s\l4  ,we d n look1 !re=e1 to  
f9d "h any su* in/itutions z ^? (       
,meiss5 or ,svres4  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4
 #aei4--,m>ieb]g ,porcela9 & ,fai5ce4   
,at ,,m>ieb]g1 ne> ,/ockholm1 9 #agei1  
porcela9 ( a good quality 0 made1 &     
cont9u$ to be made 9 a small way = "s   
tw5ty ye>s4 ,be=e ?is1 fai5ce or pott]y 
0 made !re1 & at ,rr/r&1 z e>ly z #agbg4
 ,"s good examples 7 at ! ,exhibition at
 ,philadelphia 9 #ahgf4 ,( ! "w (       
,m>ieb]g ,i "k ( none 9 ?is c\ntry1     
except t 9 ,mr4 ,wales's collection1 at 
,bo/on1 consi/+ ( "s small porcela9     
cu/>d-cups & a v beautiful fai5ce vase1 
bo? ( :i* we h _h engrav$ 7,fig4 #aei74 
,! m>k us$3  ,illu/ration3       ,! ?ree
 cr[ns & ! lett]s ,,mb are sometimes    
foll[$ by !      private m>ks ( !       
pa9t]s1 z 9 ! above4   ,illu/ration3    

,,fig4 #afj4--,porcela9 ( ,d5m>k4       
,,d5m>k4--,porcela91 x is believ$1 0    
made at ,cop5hag5 z e>ly z #agfj2 b x   
did n cont9ue = a long "t4 ,few specim5s
 ( ?is e>ly "w are believ$ to exi/4 ,a  
h>d-pa/e factory 0 begun 9 #aggb1 by    
,mll]1 :o1 ) ! aid ( ! ,b>on von ,lang1 
made a company1 by :i* ! capital 0      
rais$4 ,x did n pay1 & 9 #agge x became 
a royal factory1 & ! ,gov]nm5t paid its 
annual deficit4 ,excell5t "w 0 made "h1 
! great aim be+ to equal ! production at
 ,dresd54 ,x 0 up-hill "w & a co/ly :im4
 ,)9 a %ort "t 7#ahgf7 ! works are said 
to h gone into private h&s1 :o are      
prosecut+ ! bus9ess ) vigor & skill4    
,c]ta9ly a v cr$itable display 0 made by
 "s ?ree or f\r firms ( ,cop5hag5 at !  
,philadelphia ,exhibition 9 #ahgf4 ,9   
fai5ce & t]ra-cotta !y h arriv$ at great
 excell5ce4 ,! ,greek vase has be5 !re  
reviv$1 & copi$ ) mu* precision4        
,seipsius & ,ru* are m5tion$ by ,m>ryat 
z ! lead+ pa9t]s at ! royal works at    
,cop5hag5 9 ! la/ c5tury4 ,our          

illu/ration1 f ,mr4 ,wales's collection1
 is good "w1 & foll[s ! lead ( ! ,dresd5
 pa9t]s 7,fig4 #afj74  ,9 ! ,manual (   
,m>ks1 by ,hoop] & ,phillips1 are two   
m>ks--giv5 "h--b ! ?ree wavy l9es is !  
m>k almo/ univ]sally kn[n4 ,!y indicate 
! wat]s ( ! ,s\nd & ,great & ,little    
,belts4  ,illu/ration  ,,russian        
,,porcela9--,,h>d ,,pa/e4--,:5 ,pet]    
,alexeyevit*1 call$ ,pet] ! ,great--t   
%rewd savage--und]took to make 8 k+dom a
 p[] 9 ,europe1 he soon saw t he mu/    
create among 8 p wants :i* !n did n     
exi/4 ,9 #afig he made 8 fir/ pilgrimage
 to ! dock-y>ds ( ,sa>dam & ! quays (   
,london1 to see = himself :at ^? nations
 did to make !mselves ri* & /rong1 fe>$ 
if n lov$4 ,he f\nd %ips1 trade1        
factories4 ,he w5t back to 8 b>b>ians1 &
 =c$ !m to build a new port--,/4        
,pet]sburg 7#agjc72 set !m to "w to make
 dock-y>ds1 to build %ips1 to organize  
factories2 he =c$ ^u !m new wants & new 
indu/ries4 ,if he did n make !m happi]1 
he c]ta9ly made !m /rong]4 ,he organiz$ 

!m1 comb9$ !m1 s t !y mov$ at 8 own     
p[]ful w4 ,8 successors1 foll[+ 8       
example1 h made ,russia ! second p[] (  
,europe4 ,:51 9 #agaf1 ,pet] visit$     
,p>is1 he c>ri$ back to 8 capital great 
/ore ( works ( art--n t he c>$ = works (
 art1 b 8 savage %rewdness told him ^! 7
 ! ?+s :i* ! gr[+ & grasp+ nations (    
,we/]n ,europe valu$2 & s he w\ld h !m1 
too4 ,b ,art has _h b an imitative life 
9 ,russia1 ev5 to ?is pres5t "t4 ,n[1 h]
 silv]smi?s1 & at lea/ "o arti/1 a work]
 ( bronze nam$ ,lanc]ay1 h made su*     
exquisite "w1 & %[n x at ! ,philadelphia
 ,exhibition 9 #ahgf1 t "o beg9s to     
believe t ,art 9 ?is savage ,russia may 
n =ev] be cont5t to copy :at "s "o else 
has done4 ,z to porcela91 ,russia has n 
done mu*1 b yet some?+4  ,! ,gov]nm5t ( 
,russia1 inspir$1 l ! re/1 aft] !       
success at ,dresd51 ) ! desire to       
produce f9e works1 at once made ef=ts to
 secure ! s]vices ( accompli%$ m5 to    
e/abli% a porcela9-manufactory4 ,?is    
appe>s to h be5 done 9 ! ye> #agdd1 by !

 ,empress ,elizabe? ,petrovna1 :5 good  
porcela9 0 produc$1 probably 9 small    
am\nt4 ,9 #agfe1 h[ev]1 ! ,empress      
,ca!r9e ,,ii41 ) h] accu/om$ re/less    
en]gy1 ?rew h]self into ! competition4  
,%e enl>g$ ! works & secur$ :atev] 0    
possible ( arti/s & workm51 & produc$ "s
 ( ! f9e/ porcela9s ( ,europe4 ,! clays 
us$ appe> to h be5 :olly ,russian1 & h] 
m>ket 0 mo/ly ) ! ri* nobility ( h] own 
k+dom4 ,/ill ! *9a-fanci]s ( all        
,europe1 !n ev5 m eag] ?an n[1 pur*as$ !
 ,russian "w2 & x is f\nd 9 good        
collections1 ?\gh b little ( x is (f]$ =
 sale4  ,m4 ,demm9 quotes f a ,russian  
"w ( #aggc3 ,il exi/e une fabrique de   
porcela9e1 situe sur la ,nva1 r\te de   
,s*lsselburg1  quatorze v]/s de         
,pt]sb\rg4 ,elle fabrique des porcela9es
 tellem5t belles et f9es1 qu'elles ne le
 cd5t en ri5  la porcela9e de ,saxe1    
soit p\r la blan*eur et la f9esse de    
l'mail1 soit p\r la beaut du dcor4 ,sa  
blan*eur e/ mme suprieure  celle de     
,meiss54 ,le directeur1 l'inspecteur1   

t\s les matres et ouvri]s sont  la solde
 de la c\r1 etc4  ,! porcela9 has a f9e 
glaze1 ! pa/e be+ h>d & slightly blui%2 
! decorations usually highly f9i%$ 9 !  
/yles prevail+ at ,dresd54              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afa4--,russian    
,porcela94  ,! piece %[n 9 ,fig4 #afa is
 a teapot1 ( sup]ior glaze & f9i%1 f    
,mr4 ,wales's collection2 ! h&le & sp\t 
are peculi>1 f9i%+1 z !y d1 ) ! neck &  
head ( a bird1 end+ at ! base ( ! sp\t 9
 a small w+-decoration4 ,! pa/e1 !      
glaze1 & ! pa9t+ ( ! teapot & ! cup &   
sauc] are excell5t4  ,! ,russian m>ks   
mo/ us$ are3  ,illu/ration3 ,a m>k 9    
blue1 suppos$ to be an e>ly "o4         
,illu/ration3 ,! ,empress ,ca!r9e       
,,ii4's m>k 7#agfb to #agif74           
,illu/ration3 ,! ,emp]or ,paul's m>k    
7#agif to #ahja74  ,illu/ration3 ,!     
,emp]or ,alex&] ,i4's m>k 7#ahja to     
#ahbe74  ,illu/ration3 ,! ,emp]or       
,ni*olas's m>k 7#ahbe to #ahee74        
,illu/ration3 ,! m>k n[ is a cr[n1 ) !  
lett] ,a 9 script1 ,alex&] ,,ii4        

,,tv]4--,ab\t #aghg an ,engli%man nam$  
,g>dn] made "s porcela9 at ,tv]1 ( :i* s
 little is to be obta9$ t x is h>dly    
kn[n 9 collections4 ,8 m>k seems to h   
be5 illu/ration3 symbol1 ! monogram 9   
,russian lett]s ( ,a4 ,g>dn]1 &         
sometimes ! full "n 9 ,russian *>act]s4 
,,mosc[4--,9 #ahcj "s porcela9 0 made at
 ,mosc[ by ,a4 ,pop(f1 a piece ( :i* is 
9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1 m>k$ ) 8 "n 9
 ,russian *>act]s4 ,!re seems also to h 
be5 porcela9 made at ,mosc[ by ,m4      
,gul5a1 ( :i* little is kn[n4 ,8 m>k 0 !
 initial lett]s ( ,fabrica ,gospod9a1 & 
8 own "n1 9 ,russian *>act]s4           
,illu/ration  ,,pol&4--,at ,korzec1 9   
,pol&1 9 #ahjc1 a ,fr5*man nam$ ,mrault1
 f ,svres1 made porcela9 = a few ye>s1  
probably 9 small quantity2 & a m>k ^u "s
 pieces ( 8 is a triangle conta9+ an    
eye4     ,,*apt] ,,xvii4  ,,pott]y ,,&  
,,porcela9 ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4     
,! ,fir/ ,porcela9 made "h4--,bonn9 &   
,morris4--,frankl9                      
,in/itute4--,william ,ellis             

,tuck]4--,tuck] & ,hemphill4--,?omas    
,tuck]4--,g5]al ,tyndale4--,porcela9 (  
,t4 ,c4 ,smi? &      ,sons4--,e>ly      
,adv]tisem5ts4--,josiah ,w$gwood4--,"l  
,%effield's      ,report4--,alex&]      
,hamilton's ,report4--,hi/ory (         
,norwi*4--,samuel      ,d5nis1 ,new     
,hav54--,isaac ,han=d1                  
,h>t=d4--,gallat9's      ,report4--,!   
,wa%+ton ,pit*]s4--,lyman & ,f5ton1     
,v]mont4--,r\se & ,turn]1 ,new          
,j]sey4--,pott]ies at ,tr5ton4--,9      
,ohio4--,! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition4       
,d\bts h be5 express$ :e!r ,,porcela9 0 
made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z e>ly z #aggj2  
?\gh !re 0 no "q z to ! exi/5ce ( ! true
 *9a-clays1 & t ,w$gwood & o!r pott]s 9 
,engl& knew ( !m & _h us$ !m4 ,m1 !y 7  
fe>ful t !y w\ld be put to use 9 ?is    
c\ntry1 to ! injury ( _! trade4  ,!     
inve/igations ( ,*>les ,h5ry ,h>t1      
,esq41 ( ,philadelphia1 seem to remove !
 d\bt z to ! mak+ ( porcela9 9 t city z 
e>ly z #agfi or #aggj4 ,look+ ov] !     
newspap]s1 he f9ds1 "u date ( ,decemb]  

#bi1 #agfi1 an adv]tisem5t z foll[s3    
,,new ,,*9a-,,w>e4--,not)/&+ ! v>i\s    
difficulties &      disadvantages :i*   
usually att5d ! introduction ( any      
important manufacture into a new c\ntry1
 ! proprietors ( !      *9a-works n[    
erect+ 9 ,s\?w>k h ! pleasure to acqua9t
      ! public t !y h prov$ to a c]ta9ty
 t ! clays (      ,am]ica are productive
 ( z good ,,porcela9 z any h]et(ore     
manufactur$ at ! fam\s factory 9 ,b[1   
ne> ,london1 etc4  ,subsequ5tly o!r     
adv]tisem5ts appe>$ = appr5tices1 etc41 
sign$ by ,g4 ,bonn9 & ,g4 ,a4 ,morris4  
,?is w\ld seem conclusive4 ,mr4 ,h>t    
also /ates t "s specim5s ( ! "w !n made 
are deposit$ 9 ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute ( 8 
city4  ,x is n likely t ! "w rea*$ a    
comm]cial success1 or t x 0 long        
cont9u$4  ,subsequ5tly porcela9 0 made &
 decorat$ 9 t city by ,messrs4 ,tuck] & 
,hemphill1 z w cle>ly appe> f ! foll[+  
communications4  ,mr4 ,?omas ,tuck]     
prep>$ = ! ,hi/orical ,society (        
,p5nsylvania1 9 #ahfh1 ?is brief        

/atem5t3  ,william ,ellis ,tuck]1 my    
bro!r1 0 ! fir/ to make porcela9 9 !    
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,my fa!r1 ,b5jam9 ,tuck]1
 _h a *9a-/ore 9 ,m>ket ,/reet1 9 ! city
 ( ,philadelphia1 9 ! ye> #ahaf4 ,he    
built a kiln = ,william 9 ! y>d back ( !
 /ore1 :]e he pa9t$ 9 ! :ite *9a1 &     
burnt x on 9 ! kiln1 :i* gave him a ta/e
 = t k9d ( "w4  ,aft] t he comm5c$      
exp]im5t+ ) ! diff]5t k9ds ( clays1 to  
see if he c\ld n make ! w>e4 ,he succe$$
 9 mak+ a v good opaque w>e1 call$      
'que5's-w>e4' ,he !n comm5c$ exp]im5t+ )
 feldsp> & kaol9 to make porcela91 &1   
aft] mu* labor1 he succe$$ 9 mak+ a few 
small articles ( v good porcela94 ,he !n
 obta9$ ! old wat]-works at ! nor?we/   
corn] ( ,s*uylkill ,front & ,*e/nut     
,/reets1 :]e he erect$ a l>ge           
glaz+-kiln1 enamel+-kiln1 mills1 etc4   
,he burnt kiln aft] kiln1 ) v poor      
success4 ,! glaz+ w\ld crack & ! body   
w\ld bli/]2 &1 besides1 we discov]$ t we
 _h a man :o plac$ ! w>e 9 ! kiln1 :o 0 
employ$ by "s int]e/$ p>ties 9 ,engl& to

 imp$e our success4  ,mo/ ( ! h&les 7   
f\nd 9 ! bottom ( ! segg>s#ag aft] !    
kiln 0 burnt4 ,we c\ld n acc\nt = x     
until a deaf-&-dumb man 9 our employm5t 
detect$ him runn+ 8 knife ar\nd ea* h&le
 z he plac$ !m 9 ! kiln4  ,at ano!r "t e
 piece ( *9a _h to be brok5 be=e x c\ld 
be tak5 out ( ! segg>4 ,we always wa%$ !
 r\nd ,o's--! article 9 :i* ! *9a 0     
plac$ 9 ! kiln--) silex1 b ?is man _h   
wa%$ !m ) feldsp>1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 melt$1 
& fa/5$ e article to ! bottom2 b        
,william dis*>g$ him1 & we got ov] t    
difficulty4  ,9 ! ye> #ahbg my bro!r    
receiv$ a silv] m$al f ! ,frankl9       
,in/itute ( ,p5nsylvania1 & 9 #ahca     
receiv$ "o f ! ,in/itute 9 ,new ,york4  
,9 #ahbh ,i comm5c$ to le>n ! diff]5t   
bran*es ( ! bus9ess4  ,on ! #bb;d (     
,augu/1 #ahcb1 my bro!r ,william di$4   
,"s "t be=e1 he connect$ himself ) !    
late ,judge ,hemphill4 ,!y pur*as$ !    
prop]ty at ! s\?we/ corn] ( ,s*uylkill  
,six? & ,*e/nut ,/reets1 :]e !y built a 
l>ge /ore-h\se & factory1 :i* !y fill$ )

 porcela94 ,aft] ! dea? ( my bro!r1     
,judge ,hemphill & myself cont9u$ !     
work+ ( porcela9 = "s ye>s1 until he    
sold out 8 int]e/ to a company ( ,ea/]n 
g5tlem52 b1 be+ un=tunate 9 _! o!r      
op]ations1 !y 7 n able to give !        
porcela9 att5tion4 ,9 ! ye> #ahcg ,i    
und]took to c>ry x on alone1 & did s =  
ab\t "o ye>1 mak+ a l>ge quantity ( v   
f9e porcela91 _m pieces ( :i* ,i /ill h4
  ,! gild+ & pa9t+ are n[ z p]fect z :5 
fir/ done4  ,mr4 ,tuck] pres5t$ at ?is  
"t a piece ( ! "w1 :i* is n[ 9 !        
collection at ,philadelphia4  ,9        
addition to ?is ,i give a communication 
f ,g5]al ,hector ,tyndale1 :i* adds     
confirmation to ! above3  ,ab\t ! ye>s  
#agfj to #aggj pott]ies 7 e/abli%$ 9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates--notably at               
,philadelphia--( :i* few records n[     
rema94 ,b !y attract$ ! att5tion ( !    
,engli% pott]s1 z may be se5 by a lett] 
f ,josiah ,w$gwood 7page #cfg1          
,metey>d's ',life ( ,w$gwood1' ,london1 
#ahfe71 :]e9 he express$ appreh5sion ( !

 effect ( ^! ^u ,briti% 'trade &        
prosp]ity4'  ,porcela9-works1 to :i*    
,mr4 ,elliott alludes1 7 e/abli%$ 9     
,philadelphia 7corn] ( ,s*uylkill ,six? 
& ,*e/nut ,/reets7 ab\t ! ye> #ahcj1    
,judge ,hemphill be+ among ! mo/ prom95t
 ( ! f\nd]s ( !m4 ,! w>es made 7 ( v    
good1 &1 9 "s respects1 ( excell5t      
qualities4 ,! products 7 :ite & decorat$
 table & tea s]vices1 & decorative w>es4
 ,! 'body' 0 v good1 be+ h>d1 d5se1     
t\gh1 & transluc5t1 q vitre\s1 ) %>p &  
cle> r+1 & )/&+ great & rapid *anges (  
temp]ature4 ,9 appe>ance x some:at      
resembl$ ! ,fr5* 7,limoges7 porcela9 ( t
 day1 &1 9 durability & use1 t ( ,b]l91 
& q equal to ei!r4 ,! glaze 0 good1 &   
well adapt$ to receive colors4 ,! =ms 7 
copies ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% ( ! "t1 & ^! 
7 almo/ always bad4 ,! ornam5tation 0   
g5]ally poorly copi$ f ! ,engli% or     
,fr5*1 or1 if orig9al1 0 decid$ly worse4
 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man artisans 7    
import$1 b :atev] skill ^! may h _h 0   
soon lo/1 ow+ p]haps to ! want (        

comp>ative & competitive productions1 & 
also to ! want ( ta/e among ! g5]al     
buy]s & ! public4 ,s f> z ornam5t 0     
conc]n$1 & a k ( /hetic rules or a      
prevail+ s5se ( beauty & fitness 7      
involv$1 ?is attempt at manufacture 0   
premature4 ,^! works cont9u$1 ) a       
dim9i%+ success1 = sev]al ye>s2 & !     
f\nd]s1 :o lo/ mu* money 9 ! e/abli%m5t1
 des]ve mu* cr$it = _! s]i\s & wellnigh 
successful ef=t4  ,at pres5t !re are    
porcela9-works ne> ,new ,york--at       
,gre5po9t1 & p]haps else:]e--mak+ v good
 & endur+ w>es1 ( excell5t 'body' &     
glaze1 b ( co>se & in>ti/ic =m &        
ornam5t4  ,! porcela9-factory la/ spok5 
( is t ( ,t4 ,c4 ,smi? & ,sons1 :i*1 at 
! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 made a         
cr$itable display4  ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy (  
,mr4 ,prime1 editor ( ! ,h&-,book ( !   
,new ,york ,museum ( ,art1 ,i am able to
 give "s extracts ess5tial to ?is brief 
hi/ory3  ,:5 ,delft pott]y began to be  
us$ = table & h\sehold purposes 9       
,engl&1 x is probable t small quantities

 f\nd _! way to ?is c\ntry1 b nei!r     
crock]y nor porcela9 took ! place (     
pewt] & wood on ,am]ican tables1 & !    
importations increas$ b sl[ly ) !       
increase ( population & weal?4 ,wood5   
tr5*]s1 pewt] di%es1 mugs1 wat]-pit*]s1 
etc41 cont9u$ 9 g5]al use until ! pres5t
 c5tury4 ,by an exam9ation ( e>ly       
newspap]s we are enabl$ to le>n mu* ( ! 
"* ( ! table-furniture :i* deal]s       
adv]tis$ = sale1 & ^! 7 probably alike 9
 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,we f9d pewt]     
always prom95t4 ,9 ! ,new ,hav5 ,gazette
 ( ,septemb] #cj1 #aghd1 a druggi/      
adv]tises ,w$gwood mort>s & pe/les4 ,9 !
 same pap]1 ,octob] #ba/1 a deal]       
adv]tises 'blue & :ite /one-w>e1 consi/+
 ( butt]-pots1 j>s1 & cans2' also 'qu>t1
 p9t1 & half-p9t wat]-flasks2 matt$     
ditto2 spaw ditto2 ,bri/ol ditto4' ,9 ! 
same pap]1 ,novemb] #be?1 a deal]       
adv]tises 'que5's-w>e 9 small crates1   
well assort$1' :i* _h be5 import$ direct
 to ,new ,hav52 &1 ,decemb] #b;d1 he    
adv]tises ',engli% *9a cups & sauc]s4'  

,on ,novemb] #d1 #aghd1 ! same deal]    
adv]tis$ 'a l>ge assortm5t ( co>se      
/one-w>e 9 crates1 l>ge r\nd bottles    
hold+ ne>ly two qu>ts1 9 small1 conv5i5t
 hamp]s1 & qu>t1 p9t1 & half-p9t        
flasks1' ) a disc\nt to ^? :o buy l>ge  
quantities4 ,?is la/ adv]tisem5t may    
ref] to w>es made 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 #aghe we
 f9d adv]tis$ ',nott+ham1 que5's1 *9a1 &
 glass w>e4' ',nott+ham w>e' _h long be5
 a popul> "n 9 ,engl& = br[n pott]ies1  
orig9ally made at ,nott+ham1 & ! "n     
cont9u$ 9 use "h until a v rec5t date4  
,bricks & rud] =ms ( pott]y 7 made 9    
,new ,engl& 9 ! eighte5?1 & possibly 9 !
 sev5te5?1 c5tury4 ,inve/igations 9     
progress may elicit in=mation n[ want+  
on ?is subject4 ,josiah ,w$gwood1 9 a   
lett] writt5 9 #agfe1 speaks ( a pott]y 
!n project$ 9 ! ,c>ol9as ( ^: "w he _h  
great appreh5sions1 & seems to desire "s
 gov]nm5t int]f]5ce to prev5t ! colonies
 f mak+ _! own pott]y & ?us injur+ !    
home bus9ess4 ,be=e ! end ( ! eighte5?  
c5tury _m pott]ies 7 e/abli%$ 9 v>i\s   

p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 b1 s f> z is n[ kn[n1  
no articles 7 produc$ except ! ord9>y   
co>s] k9ds ( h\sehold ut5sils4  ',a     
,brief ,exam9ation ( ,"l ,%effield's    
,obs]vations on ! ,comm]ce ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates1' by ,mat!w ,c>ey1 0 pr9t$ 9     
successive numb]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum1 
9 #agia1 & 0 collect$ 9 a volume1 pr9t$ 
! same ye> at ,philadelphia1 ) a        
supplem5t>y note on ',! ,pres5t ,/ate ( 
,am]ican ,manufactures1' etc4 ,on pages 
#abf & #abg he has ! foll[+ obs]vations3
 ',manufactures ( glass1 ( e>!n-w>e1 & (
 /one1 mix$ ) clay1 are all 9 an infant 
/ate4 ,f ! quantity & v>iety ( !        
mat]ials :i* mu/ h be5 deposit$ by      
,nature 9 s ext5sive a region z ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 f ! abundance ( fuel :i* !y    
conta91 f ! exp5se ( importation1 & loss
 by fracture1 :i* falls on glass & e>!n 
w>es1 f ! simplicity ( _m ( ^!          
manufactures1 & f ! great consumption ( 
!m1 impressions ( surprise at ?is /ate (
 !m1 & a firm p]suasion t !y w receive !
 e>ly att5tion ( =eign or ,am]ican      

capitali/s1 are at "o produc$4 ,co>se   
tiles1 & bricks ( an excell5t quality1  
pott]'s w>es1 all 9 quantities beyond ! 
home consumption1 a few ord9>y vessels &
 ut5sils ( /one mix$ ) clay1 "s mu/>d & 
snuff bottles1 a few flasks or flagons1 
a small quantity ( %eet-glass & (       
vessels = family use1 g5]ally ( !       
inf]ior k9ds1 are all t are n[ made4'   
,hamilton's return ( exports ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates f ,augu/1 #aghi1 to ,septemb]1   
#agij1 pr9t$ 9 ! app5dix to ,c>ey's     
book1 gives1 = e>!n & glass w>e1 n9ete5 
hundr$ & n9ety doll>s4  ,9 ,miss        
,caulk9s's ',hi/ory ( ,norwi*1' ,*apt]  
,,xlix41 x is /at$ t 9 #agif 'a pott]y =
 ! manufacture ( /one-w>e 0 e/abli%$ at 
,bean ,hill1 :i* cont9u$ 9 op]ation f>  
into ! pres5t c5tury1 seldom1 h[ev]1    
employ+ m ?an f\r or five h&s4' ,9      
,morse's ',gazette]1' #agig1 we read1 "u
 ,norwi*1 t ! inhabitants manufacture   
'/one & e>!n w>e4' ,9 ! ,norwi*         
7,connecticut7 ,gazette1 ,septemb] #ae1 
#agif1 we f9d ?is adv]tisem5t ( a       

pott]y1 :i* appe>s to h be5 9 op]ation  
by a ,mr4 ,la?rop prior to #agif1 & is1 
)\t d\bt1 ! "o ref]r$ to by ,miss       
,caulk9s & ,dr4 ,morse3       ',c4      
,,potts  ,,son1 in=ms ! ,public1 t !y h 
lately      e/abli%$ a ,manufactory (   
,,e>!n ,,w>e at ! %op =m]ly      improv$
 by ,mr4 ,*>les ,la?rop1 :]e all k9ds ( 
said ,w>e is      made & sold1 ei!r 9   
l>ge or small quantities1 & w>rant$     
good4'  ,a memorial ( ,samuel ,d5nis1   
dat$ ,new ,hav51 ,octob] #i1 #aghi1 to !
 ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,connecticut1 %[s 't
 he is acqua9t$ ) ! pott]'s bus9ess1 &  
is ab\t to erect a /one-pott]y2 & !re is
 9 ?is c\ntry a pl5ty ( clay :i* he     
presumes ( ! same k9d ) t f :i* !       
que5's-w>e ( ,/af=d%ire is usually made2
 & t he wi%es to erect a pott]y = !     
purpose ( manufactur+ ! f9] k9ds ( w>e  
usually made 9 ,/af=d%ire1 p>ticul>ly ! 
que5's-w>e1' & he asks ! aid ( ! ,/ate 9
 f\nd+ ! works4 ,8 memorial 0 negativ$1 
& x does n appe> :e!r he w5t on ) 8     
project4  ,isaac ,han=d1 ( ,h>t=d1      

,connecticut1 took out a pat5t1 ,janu>y 
#bj1 #ahjj1 = a new me?od ( mak+ bricks1
 tiles1 & pott]y-w>e 9 g5]al1 & (       
dis*>g+ ! m\lds4 ,no?+ fur!r is kn[n ( 8
 "w2 b co>se pott]y has1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! 
c5tury1 be5 made 9 ,h>t=d4 ,prior to    
#ahjj a pott]y 0 9 exi/5ce at ,/on+ton1 
,connecticut1 manag$ by ,adam ,/ates1 :o
 0 succe$$ 9 ! bus9ess1 aft] #ahjd1 by 8
 sons1 ,adam & ,joseph4 ,!y made jugs1  
butt]-pots1 j>s ( all sizes1 & "s small 
w>es ) h&les1 uni=mly ( s(t pott]y1     
usually gray 9 color1 ) salt-glaze4     
,contempor>y ) ?is 0 a pott]y at        
,norwalk1 ,connecticut1 :i* made r$ w>es
 ( s(t pott]y 9 _m =ms4 ,we le>n f a    
lady1 ^: memory ext5ds back to #ahjd1 t 
x made j>s & pots ( all sizes1 teapots1 
mugs1 & l>ge milk-pans1 !n 9 common use 
among ! f>m]s 9 ,connecticut1 glaz$ ) a 
lead-glaze1 ! color deep r$ ) fla%es (  
black1 probably caus$ by smoke 9 ! fir+4
 ,o!r pott]ies produc$ w>es simil> to ! 
,/on+ton & ,norwalk4  ,f a report ( !   
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury 7,mr4 ,gallat971

 made 9 #ahaj1 x appe>s t ! exports (   
'co>se e>!n-w>e' exce$$ ! imports4 ,9   
?is report ! secret>y says t progress   
has be5 made 9 ! manufacture ( 'que5's &
 o!r e>!n w>e1' & t 'a suffici5t        
quantity ( ! co>s] species ( pott]y 0   
made ev]y:]e4 ,f\r manufactories ( a f9]
 k9d _h lately be5 e/abli%$ :i* made w>e
 resembl+ t ( ,/af=d%ire4' ,dr4 ,dwight1
 9 8 ',travels' 7#ahbb71 aft] quot+ !   
above1 /ates t he _h ga9$ access to !   
reports f ,massa*usetts & ,connecticut1 
^u :i* ! secret>y's report _h be5 f\nd$1
 & gives among ! manufactures (         
,connecticut = ! ye>1 pott]ies1 twelve2 
'value ( e>!n & /one w>e1 ?irty ?\s&    
sev5 hundr$ & =ty doll>s2' & =          
,massa*usetts1 'e>!n-w>e1 eighte5 ?\s&  
sev5 hundr$ doll>s4'  ,be=e ! end ( !   
la/ c5tury direct trade _h be5 e/abli%$ 
betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,*9a1 &        
,ori5tal porcela9 began to make its     
appe>ance 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ,engli% trade   
increas$ rapidly 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! pres5t 
c5tury1 & ,engli% manufactur]s _h begun 

to decorate pott]y ) ,am]ican subjects =
 ! ,am]ican m>ket4 ,porcela9 seems to h 
be5 decorat$ at ,l[e/(t ) ,am]ican      
designs1 = special ord]s1 be=e #ahjj4   
,f #ahaj to #ahcj great quantities (    
,engli% pott]y1 especially blue & :ite  
w>es1 7 import$4 ,mu* ( ?is 0 decorat$ )
 ,am]ican views1 build+s1 l&scapes1 &   
pictures ( public ev5ts1 ! pr9cipal     
export]s 9 ,engl& be+ ,j4 & ,r4 ,clews1 
( ,cobridge1 & ! ,ridgways1 ( ,%elton4  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afb4--,! ,wa%+ton 
,pit*]s4  ,! ,wa%+ton ,pit*]s 7 made at 
?is p]iod by ! ,engli% pott]s1 & 7 %ipp$
 "h & sold 9 great numb]s4 ,!y are n[   
mu* priz$1 b are n uncommon4 ,few ( !m h
 any m]it z works ( art1 be+ int5d$ only
 to please ! patriotic s5tim5t ( !      
c\ntry4  ,! small] "o ( our illu/ration 
7,fig4 #afb7 conta9s ! be/ picture (    
,wa%+ton ( any ,i h se5 pa9t$ ^u        
porcela91 & is really an excell5t       
engrav+ aft] ,/u>t's great picture4  ,x 
is said to h be5 made 9 ,engl&1 by ord] 
( a ,philadelphia deal]1 9 #ahja4 ,bo? (

 ^! pit*]s are 9 ! ,hi/orical ,society (
 ,philadelphia4  ,! l>g] "o is m        
patriotic & less arti/ic4 ,ar\nd !      
portrait are entw9$ ! names ( ,new      
,hamp%ire1 ,massa*usetts1 ,rhode ,isl&1 
,connecticut1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey1  
,p5nsylvania1 ,delaw>e1 ,m>yl&1         
,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1  
,georgia1 ,v]mont1 ,k5tucky--fifte5     
,/ates1 & fifte5 />s4  ,on ! front is ! 
eagle1 & ! patriotic ,lat91 ,e pluribus 
unum4 ,also ! "n ( ! own]1 ,james       
,taylor1 ,m4 ,d4 ,on ! o!r side1 9 an   
oval1 is "s poetry1 made 9 ,engl& = our 
use1 z foll[s3      ,z he tills y\r ri* 
glebe ! old peasant %all tell1          
,:ile 8 bosom ) ,lib]ty gl[s1      ,h[  
y\r ,,w>r5 expir$1 h[ ,,montgom]y fell1 
,& h[ ,,wa%+ton humbl$ y\r foes4  ,!    
int5tions ( ! poet we may accept z good1
 ev5 if slightly m]c5>y4  ,"o m brief   
extract w complete ?is hi/ory3  ,9 #ahdg
 a factory 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,b5n+ton1       
,v]mont1 by ,messrs4 ,lyman & ,f5ton1 & 
cont9u$ 9 op]ation till ab\t #ahfj4     

,pott]y 0 made 9 v>i\s =ms1 ) good      
enamel2 bisque or ,p>ian w>es 7 produc$1
 & s(t-pa/e porcela9 ( good quality1    
well decorat$4 ,s f> z is at pres5t     
kn[n1 ?is 0 ! fir/ ,am]ican factory :i* 
has attempt$ to make figures ( m5 &     
animals4 ,a peculi> enamel seems to h   
be5 pat5t$ by ,mr4 ,f5ton1 ( ?is firm1  
:i* 0 us$ on "s ( ! pott]y4 ,! impress$ 
m>k on pott]y ( ?is class 0 arrang$ 9 a 
circle1 ',lyman1 ,f5ton & ,co41 ,f5ton's
 ,enamel1 ,pat5t$ #ahdi1 ,b5n+ton1      
,v]mont4'  ,"s "t prior to #ahbi a      
factory 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,j]sey ,city1 ,new 
,j]sey1 by p]sons n n[ kn[n 7said to be 
,fr5*71 :i* made porcela94 ,no m>k 0    
us$1 b we are indebt$ to ,messrs4 ,r\se 
& ,turn]1 ! pres5t proprietors1 =       
fragm5ts ( ! porcela9 made prior to     
#ahbi1 :i* is h>d pa/e ( fair quality4  
,! ent]prise 0 n successful1 & 9 #ahbi  
,david ,h5d]son & ,co4 b\ght ! works1 & 
c>ri$ !m on "u ! "n ( ! ,am]ican ,pott]y
 ,company4 ,!y made :ite & br[n         
pott]ies1 decorat+ ! =m] ) pr9ts1 & !   

latt] ) color$ enamels & rais$ "w2 &    
also a transluc5t pott]y1 :i* is        
app>5tly a natural s(t-pa/e porcela94   
,_! m>k 0 ',am]ican ,pott]y ,company1   
,j]sey ,city1 ,new ,j]sey1' 9 a circle1 
/amp$ 9 ! pa/e4 ,!y execut$ "w =        
druggi/s & o!r deal]s 9 ,new ,york1     
pr9t+ labels on _! j>s1 boxes1 etc4 ,a  
favorite patt]n 0 a br[n pott]y pit*]1 !
 h&le a h\nd1 ! surface cov]$ ) a rais$ 
repres5tation ( a hunt4 ,x 0 made 9     
v>i\s sizes1 & is /ill produc$1 ) a     
*ang$ =m ( ! same decoration4 ,9 #ahee  
,messrs4 ,r\se & ,turn] became          
proprietors ( ! factory1 & h s9ce c>ri$ 
x on ) mu* success1 produc+ granite1    
,rock+ham1 & /one w>es1 pla9 & decorat$1
 = table & g5]al use4 ,!y use clay      
obta9$ f ,woodbridge1 ,new ,j]sey1 &    
ano!r clay f ,ba?1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 &      
occasionally a clay f ,gl5 ,cove1 ,long 
,isl&1 :i* conta9s silex4 ,_! /one-w>es 
are made by ! mix+ ( c]ta9 clays1 )\t ! 
addition ( o!r sub/ances4 ,!y use no m>k
 on _! fabrics4  ,important works are n[

 9 op]ation at ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&1 & at 
,tr5ton1 ,new ,j]sey1 mak+ v>ieties (   
pott]y1 pla9 & decorat$1 & /one-w>es (  
excell5t quality4  ,at ! ,exhibition at 
,philadelphia good exhibitions 7 made by
 ,messrs4 ,otto & ,brew]1 ,m]c] ,pott]y 
,company1 ,james ,moses & ,isaac ,davis1
 ( ,tr5ton2 also by ,laughl9 ,bro!rs1 ( 
,ea/ ,liv]pool1 ,ohio4  ,"s tw5ty firms1
 mo/ly f ,tr5ton1 7 collect$ 9 ! s\!a/  
corn] ( ! ,ma9 ,build+1 :]e !y made a   
cr$itable display ( :at is kn[n z ! :ite
 granite w>e1 s useful & s dete/able2   
?ick1 t x may resi/ ! ho/ility ( !      
,milesian maid51 clumsy because ( t1 )\t
 color or decoration ( any k9d1 & *eap3 
c we expect or dem& mu*8 ,look+ m       
c>efully1 we f\nd 9 ,otto & ,brew]'s    
exhibit a model] nam$ ,broome1 :o _h    
made "s base-ball play]s :i* 7 full (   
life & _s2 also "s unglaz$ vases :i* _h 
excell5ce ( =m & precision ( model+ &   
decoration1 %[+ t good ?+s may be done  
"h4 ,9 ,fig4 #afc we %[ "o ( ! ,p>ian   
vases design$ by ,broome1 :o only ne$s  

enc\ragem5t to develop into excell5ce4  
,james ,moses1 too1 _h "s :ite-&-gold "w
 :i* 0 good4 ,isaac ,davis1 "o ( ^!     
granite-pott]s1 _h v5tur$ to turn 8 cups
 ) a s5se ( good =m1 & ) a ?9 lip f :i* 
"o might dr9k )\t be+ rem9d$ ( !        
horse-tr\gh2 he mu/ bew>e le/ x %\ld n  
pay6  ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afc4--,p>ian
 ,vase4  ,laughl9 ,bro!rs1 ( ,ohio1 _h a
 good %[ ( ! same k9d ( w>es1 & !y _h   
also a decorat$ d9n]-set :i* 0 good4 ,!y
 _h m ?an ?is1 9 t !y promis$ u some?+4 
,!y are us+ feldsp>s1 kaol9s1 clays1    
silexes1 f v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1
 & believe we h ! be/ & ! greate/ v>iety
 to be f\nd 9 any c\ntry2 b besides ^! a
 new clay or m9]al1 z !y ?9k1 has be5   
f\nd 9 ,miss\ri1 :i* promises to be (   
inf9ite value4 ,x is *eap1 is easily    
gr\nd & mix$1 & imp>ts to ! body a      
creamy s(tness & a beauty :i* add mu* to
 ! production4 ,t ?is is true 0 %[n 9 "s
 ( ! cups made ) x4 ,moreov]1 z ,mr4    
,laughl9 /ates1 sev]al ( ! be/          
porcela9-mak]s ( ,europe are s]i\sly    

contemplat+ ! propriety ( e/abli%+      
!mselves on ?is %ore ( ! sea1 & putt+ to
 use ^! kaol9ic treasures4 ,& :y n8 ,)  
*eap clays1 *eap fuels1 *eap foods1 may 
we n beg9 to supply ourselves1 if n "s (
 ! re/ ( ! _w1 ) ! f9e/ productions ( ! 
pott]'s :eel8 ,& x w\ld seem a good ?+ =
 u to d4     ,,app5dix4  ,,books ,,^u   
,,pott]y ,,& ,,porcela94   ,! foll[+    
synopsis ( works on pott]y & porcela91 =
 :i* we are indebt$ to ,mr4 ,g4 ,w4     
,wales1 w be f\nd useful & int]e/+3     
,,g5]al ,,hi/orical                     
,,treatises4--,jacquem>t1 ,hi/ory ( !   
,c]amic      ,art--a descriptive        
philosophical /udy ( ! pott]y ( all ages
      & nations1 pr(usely illu/rat$ 9   
aquat9t & woodcut1 &      conta9+ "o    
?\s& m>ks & monograms2 ,semp]1 ,d] ,/il 
9      d5 ,kn/51 9 ! second volume      
treats ( c]amics1 & is a                
well-illu/rat$1 compreh5sive1 & useful  
h&-book2 ,m>es*al1      ,la ,faence     
,populaire au #ahme ,sicle1 has "o      
hundr$ &      twelve color$ plates1     

mo/ly ( ,fr5* & ,delft porcela92 ,maze1 
,re*]*es sur la ,cramique is illu/rat$  
by photographs1 &      has a li/ ( m>ks 
& monograms2 ,burty1 ,*efs-d',o,euvre   
des      ,arts ,indu/riels1 gives a     
popul> acc\nt ( c]amics1 well           
illu/rat$ 7!re is a translation by      
,*aff]s72 ,/allkne*t's      pap]s on    
,arti/ic ,pott]y & ,porcela9 give also  
an acc\nt (      ! articles 9 ! ,vi5na  
,exposition ( #ahge2 ,treadwell's       
,manual      is a brief popul> "w2      
,hall1 ,bric--brac ,hunt]4 ,"o ( !      
be/ works 9 ,engli% is ,m>ryat's        
,hi/ory1 well illu/rat$1 9      colors4 
,s also is ,graesse's ,guide de         
l',amateur1 a v complete                
collection1 9 fac-simile1 ( m>ks &      
monograms4 ,*aff]s's      ,k]amic       
,gall]y1 besides hi/orical notices &    
descriptions1      gives sev]al hundr$  
photographs ( r>e & curi\s specim5s (   
^! arts4       ,besides ^! works1 devot$
 especially to c]amics1 x w be      well
 to ref] to ! foll[+1 select$ out ( _m  

books treat+      g5]ally ( ! arts ( !  
middle ages1 mo/ ( !m illu/rat$      9 !
 be/ /yle1 9 :i* may be f\nd *apt]s or  
%ort      treatises on pott]y &         
porcela91 ) admirable illu/rations      
adapt$ = use z designs = decoration3    
,somm]>d's ,arts au      ,moy5 ge1      
plates2 ,villem91 ,monum5s ,franais2    
,l5oir1 ,muse      des ,monum5s         
,franais2 ,lacroix1 ,arts ( ! ,middle   
,ages2      ,l\&re1 ,arts ,somptuaires2 
,in/rum5ta ,ecclesia/ica2 ,rac9et1      
,l',ornem5t ,poly*rome2 ,jones1 ,gramm> 
( ,ornam5t2 ,b$=d1      ,treasury (     
,ornam5tal ,art2 ,newb]y1 ,glean+s f    
,ornam5tal      ,art2 ,*5av>d1 ,album de
 l',ornam5ti/e2 ,tradesman's ,book (    
,ornam5tal ,designs2 ,wyatt1 ,indu/rial 
,arts ( ! ,n9ete5?      ,c5tury2 ,dur&1 
,recueil et ,p>allles des ,edifices de  
t\t      ,g5re2 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum1  
,indu/rial ,arts2 ,photographs      f ! 
,briti% ,museum2 ,lab>te1 ,arts         
,indu/riels au ,moy5 ge2      ,zahn1    
,ornam5tmal]ei4       ,,manufacture4--,!

 foll[+ books treat m p>ticul>ly ( !    
processes ( manufacture ( pott]y &      
porcela91 only      incid5tally t\*+ !  
arti/ic hi/ory4 ,!y are mo/ly 9         
,fr5*1 viz43 ,brongni>t1 ,trait des     
,arts ,cramiques1 two volumes      (    
text & "o ( plates4 ,?is is well        
illu/rat$1 & cit$ by      all writ]s on 
! subject z high au?ority4 ,figui]1 9 ! 
fir/      volume ( ! ,m]veilles de      
l',indu/rie1 :i* treats bo? sides      (
 ! subject1 is v fully illu/rat$ z      
reg>ds bo? !      manufacture & !       
art-hi/ory ( glass1 pott]y1 & porcela94 
,o!r brief] treatises are ^? by         
,guill]y1      ,ba/5aire-,daud5>t1      
,boy]1 & a treatise on pott]y 7,p>is1   
#aggb71 9 volume ii4 ( ! ,description   
des ,arts et ,mti]s4 ,9      ,engli%3   
,toml9son's ,brief ,hi/ory1 f !         
,encyclopdia      ,britannica2 & ,arn\x1
 9 volume iii4 ( ,bevans's ,briti%      
,manufactur+ ,indu/ries4 ,see also      
,turgau1 ,les ,gr&es ,us9es de          
,france1 = hi/ory ( ! ,svres porcela92  

,d5i/\n1 ,dukes (      ,urb9o1 volume   
iii41 page #chb1 = an acc\nt ( !        
manufacture      ( maiolica 9 ! du*y (  
,urb9o2 ,ros9a1 ,memoria sulle          
,/oviglie1 on manufacture ( ut5sils &   
analysis ( clays 9 !                    
,lomb>do-,v5etian t]ritory4       ,!    
foll[+ books give "s practical          
in/ructions on pa9t+1      enamel+1     
etc43 ,tilton1 ,designs & ,in/ructions =
 decorat+      ,pott]y2 ,snell1         
,practical ,in/ructions2 ,art           
,recreations2      ,gess>t1 ,art (      
,enamel+2 ,su!rl&1 ,practical ,guide2   
,reb\lleau4       ,,m>ks ,,&            
,,monograms4--,*aff]s's ,m>ks &         
,monograms1 :i*      conta9s also an    
hi/orical essay on ,engli% pott]y1 )    
illu/rations2 also 8 ,collector's       
,h&-book--a      concisely-arrang$      
volume ( fac-similes ( m>ks1 a supplem5t
 to      ! "w j nam$2 ,m>es*al1         
,iconographie de la ,faence--a          
diction>y ( c]amic arti/s & m>ks1 )     
color$ illu/rations      ( ! diff]5t    

/yles2 ,hoop] & ,phillips1 ,manual--a   
diction>y ( easy ref]5ce2 ,demm91 ,guide
 de l',amateur de      ,faences 7two    
volumes7--a compreh5sive1 illu/rat$ "w (
 high      au?ority2 ,bohn's ,guide to  
,k ( ,pott]y & ,porcela91      conta9+  
also a pric$ catalogue ( ! ,b]nal       
collection1 & an      essay2 ,maze1     
,re*]*es1 illu/rat$ by photographs2     
,metey>d's      ,w$gwood ,h&-book--a    
?or\gh hi/ory ( ?is exquisite w>e4      
,see also a "w by ! same au?or1 =       
admirable photographs (      ,w$gwood's 
pr9cipal works1 & ,=tnum's ,catalogue ( 
,maiolica4       ,! foll[+ books treat (
 ! hi/ory ( pott]y & porcela9      (    
diff]5t c\ntries & p]iods3              
,,engl&4--,= a sket* ( ! art ( pott]y 9 
,engl&1 see !      introductory *apt]s (
 volume i4 ( ,eliza ,metey>d's ,life (  
,josiah ,w$gwood2 h] ,w$gwood ,h&-book1 
:i* gives m>ks1      monograms1 pric$   
catalogues1 & a gloss>y ( te*nical t]ms4
      ,! same au?or has rec5tly 7#ahgf7 
publi%$ ,w$gwood & 8      ,works1       

admirably illu/rat$ ) photographs ( 8 m 
important works2 also ,w$gwood          
,memorial1 likewise beautifully         
illu/rat$4 ,prefix$ to ,*aff]s's ,m>ks &
 ,monograms is an      ,essay on ! ,vasa
 ,fictilia ( ,engl&2 ,jewitt's ,life (  
,w$gwood      conta9s also a ,hi/ory ( !
 ,e>ly ,pott]ies ( ,/af=d%ire1      well
 illu/rat$2 ,haslem's ,old ,d]by ,*9a1  
illu/rat$ 9 color1      gives a full    
acc\nt ( ?is w>e & ( ! pr9cipal workm51 
) m>ks & price-li/s2 ,b9ns's ,c5tury (  
,pott+ 9      ,worce/] gives 9 an       
app5dix a sket* ( ,celtic1 ,roman1 &    
,m$ival pott]y 9 ,worce/]%ire4 ,see also
 ,w$gwood1 an ,address      by ,w4 ,e4  
,glad/one 7#ahfc72 ,boy]1 ,trait sur    
l',orig9e1 les      ,progrs et l'tat    
actuel des ,manufactures de ,porcela9e  
et de      ,faence en ,anglet]re--"o ( !
 excell5t ,roret manuals ( arts      &  
trades4       ,,france4--,m>es*al1      
,faence ,populaire au #ahme ,sicle1 ) "o
      hundr$ & twelve f9ely-color$      
plates1 mo/ly ( ,fr5* &      ,delft w>e 

7,p>is1 #ahgb72 ,potti]1 ,hi/oire de la 
,faence de      ,r\5 7#ahgj71 two       
volumes1 qu>to--an elaborate &          
f9ely-illu/rat$ treatise2 ,p\y1 ,les    
,faences d',orig9e ,pic>de      7#ahgb71
 ) color$ plates & m>ks2 ,=e/i1 ,les    
,anci5nes      ,fai5c]ies de ,montauban1
 & o!r places 9 ! dep>tm5t (            
,t>n-et-,g>onne4 ,on ! pott]y ( !       
,gauls1 see ,du ,cleuzion1      ,pot]ie 
,gauloise4 ,a publication by ! ,arundel 
,society gives f9e      photographs (   
tw5ty examples ( ,h5ri-,deux w>e f !    
,s\?      ,k5s+ton ,museum4             
,,italy1 ,,g]many1 ,,spa91 ,,etc4--,on  
maiolica1 see ! hi/ory by      ,pass]i1 
treat+ ( ! products ( ,pes>o & ,urb9o1 &
 ( !      works ( ,giorgio da ,gubbio4  
,on maiolica & ,italian fai5ce1 see     
! spl5didly-illu/rat$ works by ,delange 
& ,sauzay1 ,monographe      de          
l',o,euvre de ,b]n>d ,palissy 7,p>is1   
#ahgb72 & ! ,recueil      de ,faences   
,itali5nes ( ! fifte5?1 sixte5?1 &      
sev5te5? c5turies 7,p>is1 #ahfi71 by    

,delanges1 ,d>cel1 &      ,bornemann4   
,=tnum's ,maiolica2 also 8 ,catalogue ( 
,maiolica1      ,hispano-,moresco1      
,p]sian1 ,damascus1 & ,rhodian w>es 9 ! 
,s\?      ,k5s+ton ,museum1 f9ely       
illu/rat$ 9 color1 & giv+ m>ks      &   
monograms2 ,c5t5nial ,exposition        
,catalogue ( ! ,ca/ellani               
,collection2 ,beck)'s ,majolica &       
,fay5ce 7,new ,york1 #ahgg7 is      a   
concise & useful g5]al treatise on      
c]amics1 conta9+ mu*      in=mation 9   
small space1 ) num]\s photo-engrav$     
illu/rations2 ,drake's ,notes on        
,v5etian ,c]amics2 ,riao1               
,catalogue ( ,art ,objects ( ,spani%    
,production 9 ! ,s\?      ,k5s+ton      
,museum2 ,de ,jorio1 ,gall]ia de' ,vasi1
 ,real ,museo      ,borbonico2 ,le      
,secret des ,vraies ,porcela9es de la   
,*9e et de      ,saxe 7#ageb72 ,rob9son1
 ,catalogue ( ! ,s\lages ,collection4   
,assel9eau1 ,meubles et ,objets div]s du
 ,moy5 ge gives specim5s      ( ,palissy
 & ,flemi% w>e4 ,laz>i1 ,notizie della  

raccolta ,corr]      di ,v5ezia4        
,,ori5tal ,,& ,,savage                  
,,races4--,alaba/]1 ,*9ese ,art ,objects
 9      ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum2 ,audsley 
& ,b[es1 ,k]amic ,art1 n[ 9      c\rse (
 publication1 spl5didly illu/rat$ )     
color$ plates      by ,rac9et2 ,j>ves1  
,glimpse at ! ,art ( ,japan2 ,s*we9fur?1
      ,artes ,african2 ,h>tt1           
,manufacture ( ,pott]y among ,savage    
,races4 ,on ! cloisonn enamels ( ,*9a1  
see app5dix to      ,juli5's ,indu/ries 
de l',empire ,*9ois4 ,on ,*9ese porcela9
      decoration1 consult ,ow5 ,jones's 
,examples ( ,*9ese ,ornam5t1      giv+  
"o hundr$ f9e color$ plates1 f examples 
at ,s\?      ,k5s+ton4                  
,,tiles4--,ni*ols's ,examples (         
,decorative ,tiles1 9 fac-simile1       
*iefly 9 ,orig9al ,size2 *apt] entitl$  
,cramique1 by      ,riocreux &          
,jacquem>t1 9 volume iv4 ( ,lacroix's   
,moy5 ge et      la ,r5aissance1 :i*    
conta9s a bibliography ( c]amics4       
,,anci5t ,,pott]y4--,bir*'s ,hi/ory (   

,anci5t ,pott]y treats (      ,assyrian1
 ,egyptian1 ,greek1 ,roman1 ,etruscan1  
,celtic1 ,teutonic1 &      ,sc&9avian   
pott]y1 & is fully illu/rat$4 ,x conta9s
 also a      li/ ( ! pr9cipal           
collections ( anci5t pott]y4 ,"o ( !    
be/ works is ,mill+5's ,anci5t ,un$it$  
,monum5ts1 giv+      excell5t color$    
illu/rations ( pa9t$ ,greek vases4 ,o!r 
valuable works are ^? ( ,+hirami1       
,pitture di ,vasi ,etrus*e1      f\r    
volumes qu>to1 ) f9e outl9es ( ,greek   
vase-decoration1      "s 9 color2 a v   
beautifully-illu/rat$ "w 79 color7 is   
t ( ! ,c\nt ( ,syracuse1 ,notizia dei   
,vasi dip9ti r9v5uti      a ,cuma2 see  
also ,luci5 ,bonap>te's ,museum trusque2
 ,donati1      ,della ,mani]a           
d'int]pret>e le ,pitture ne' ,vasi      
fittili anti*i2      ,description ( !   
,anci5t ,t]ra-,cottas 9 ! ,briti%       
,museum1      illu/rat$ by l9e-engrav+s2
 ,/ackelb]g1 ,die ,grb] d]      ,hell551
 giv+ plates ( urns1 vases1             
bass-reliefs1 etc42      ,dumont1       

,inscriptions ,cramiques de ,grce2      
,fabroni1 ,vasi fittili      aret9i2    
,kram]1 ,ueb] d5 ,/yl und die ,h]kunft  
d] bemalt5      grie*is*5 ,?ongefsse2   
,de ,sanctis1 ,vasi anti*i della        
,collezione ,hamilton1 ) outl9e         
illu/rations2 ,g4 ,g]h>d1      ,vases   
,grecs relatifs aux ,my/res1 outl9e     
illu/rations2      ,g]h>d1 ,etruskis*e  
und kampanis*e ,vas5bild] 7,b]l91       
#ahdc71      ) f9ely-color$ illu/rations
 ( vases2 ,g]h>d1 ,aus]les5e            
grie*is*e ,vas5bild] 7,b]l91 #ahef71 two
 volumes text1 two      volumes plates1 
qu>to1 also admirably illu/rat$2        
,fitzwilliam      ,museum at ,cambridge1
 "p iii41 ,fictile ,vases2 ,s*liemann1  
,trojanis*e ,alt]?m]2 ,briti% ,museum   
,catalogue ( ,greek &      ,etruscan    
,vases1 ) outl9es2 ,catalogue ( ! ,/4   
,pet]sburg      ,imp]ial ,collection (  
,vases 9 ! ,ermitage1 ) sixte5 plates   
( outl9es2 ,+hirami1 ,etrusco ,museo    
,*9s9o1 copp]plate      outl9es2        
,engrav+s ( ,anci5t ,vases 9 !          

,collection ( ,sir      ,william        
,hamilton 7,naples1 #agia71 ?ree volumes
 folio4       ,on ,egyptian pott]y      
consult ,wilk9son's ,anci5t ,egyptians2 
&      ! spl5did illu/rat$ volumes (    
,*ampollion1 ,lepsius1 &      ,belzoni1 
= illu/rations f ! monum5ts4            
,,biography4--,j\veaux1 ,hi/oire de     
trois ,poti]s ,celbres1                 
biographical sket*es ( ,palissy1        
,w$gwood1 & ,bttg]2 ,lessons      f     
,noble ,lives 7,palissy72 see ,c4 ,c4   
,p]k9s's ,tuscan      ,sculptors1 volume
 i41 = a *apt] on ,luca della ,robbia1  
also      9 ,vas>i2 ,vas>i1 volume      
xiii41 page #gb1 ,vita di ,batti/a      
,franco4 ,= a li/ ( books ( ref]5ce on  
c]amics1 see      ,*aff]s's ,m>ks &     
,monograms4     ,,index4   ,a  ,,page   
,abbey1 ,ri*>d1 ,pott]1 #cab            
,abd]rahman ,,iii41 #hc  ,african       
,pott]y1 #fe  ,alaba/ron1 #dg  ,a la    
corne1 #adf  ,al*emi/s1 ,!1 #bcj        
,alcora ,porcela91 #bhg  ,alex&]        
,sev]us1 ,emp]or1 #agb  ,alhambra1 ,!1  

#hc  ---- ,vase ( !1 #hd  ,amateur      
,pa9t]s1 #bih  ,amatorii1 #ajd  ,am]ican
 ,pott]y1 #bc  ,amphora1 #ah1 #dj1 #df  
,am/el ,porcela91 #cba  ,&reoli1 ,mae/ro
 ,giorgio1 #aac  ,&rews1 ,w4 ,l41 #ahe  
,antonibon1 ,pott]1 #bha  ,apo/le ,mugs1
 #ge  ,arabic ,pott]y1 #ij  ,arabs (    
,spa91 ,!1 #gb1 #ha  ,arcesilaus1 ,cup  
(1 #ea  ,ar*aic ,man1 #ad  ---- ,/yle1  
#da  ,arezzo1 #bg  ,art 9 ,decoration1  
#bcf  ---- ,japanese1 #bbe  ----        
,ori5tal1 ,"* (1 #aij1 #bjf  ,aryballos1
 #ce1 #df  ,aspasia1 ,h\se (1 #de1 #eh  
,assyrians1 ,glaz$ ,w>e (1 #gj  ,a!nian 
,prize-,vase1 #di  ,augu/us ,,ii41      
,elector ( ,saxony1 #bca  ,av]y1 ,s4,p41
 #ib4 #ahi1 #aie1 #bjj1 #baj1 #baf1 #bbb
  ,aztec ,civilization1 #ba   ,b        
,baireu?1 #ge  ,baldass9i1 ,pa9t]1 #bgi 
,bale>ic ,isl&s1 #ie  ,bamboo1          
,w$gwood's1 #afh  ,banko ,w>e1 #bbe     
,b>b]9i ,vase1 #aga  ,b>bizt1 ,m41 #adi 
,b>l[1 ,s4 ,l4 ,m41 #bgj1 #bif  ,basalt1
 ,w$gwood's1 #afh1 #aga  ,bav>ian       
,porcela91 #bdi  ,beauvais ,pott]y1 #ada

  ,bec*]oni1 ,pa9t]1 #bgi  ,beck=d1     
,mr41 #aie  ,belgium1 #cai  ,bell>m9e1  
,c>d9al1 #gf  ,bell>m9s1 #gf  ,belleek1 
#adi  ,belmont1 ,a41 #bgj  ,b5n+ton     
,pott]ies1 #cci  ,b5tley1 ,mr41 #afg    
,b]l9 ,porcela91 #bdb  ,b]nal ,sale1 ,!1
 #aca1 #ada1 #bdj1 #bdd1 #bdg1 #bej1    
#bea1 #bie1 #bih  ,betts1 ,f4 ,j41 #gf  
,bill+sly1 ,pott]1 #caj  ,b9ns1 ,r4 ,w41
 ,pott]1 #bhi1 #cjf  ,bir*1 ,mr41 #da1  
#gj  ,bloor1 ,pott]1 #big  ,blue1       
,cele/ial1 #aha1 #aic  ---- ,cobalt1    
#aij  ---- ,dragon ,decoration1 #caa    
---- ,japanese1 #bah  ,bonn91 ,pott]1   
#cca  ,bo/on ,museum ( ,arts1 #hf       
,bttg]1 ,j41 #bca  ,b\*]1 ,pa9t]1 #bfa  
,b[ & ,*elsea1 ,confusion betwe51 #bib  
---- ,porcela91 #bij  ,bramelds1 ,!1    
,pott]s1 #cac  ,breslau1 ,pott]y        
,monum5t 91 #hj  ,brian*on1 ,m41 #adi   
,bricks1 ,glaz$1 #gj  ,bri/ol ,porcela91
 #cji  ,briti% ,museum1 #baa  ,broeck1  
,village (1 #aei  ,bromfield & ,son1    
,pott]s1 #cag  ,brongni>t1 ,alex&re1    
#da1 #bgj  ,bronze ,age1 #af            

,br[n-,we/head1 ,moore & ,co41 ,pott]s1 
#cag  ,brunswick ,porcela91 #bdi        
,bryant1 ,mr41 #cj  ,bu5 ,retiro        
,porcela91 #bhf  ,burke1 ,edmund1 #cji  
,burl+ame1 ,mrs4 ,anson1 #ahb1 #ahd1    
#ahf1 #ahi   ,c  ,cai/re1 #bf  ,calle1  
,raffaelle del1 #ajd  ,calpis1 #df      
,cameos1 ,w$gwood's1 #afh  ,campani5ne  
,vase1 #di  ,can!ros1 #df  ,capo di     
,monte ,porcela91 #bhb  ,c>l ,!odor1    
,elector ,palat9e1 #bdi                 
,ca/el-,durante1 #aaf  ,ca!r9e ,,ii4 (  
,russia1 #aff  ,caughley ,porcela91 #caa
  ,caulk9s's ,hi/ory ( ,norwi*1 #ccf    
,cladon1 ,! ,color1 #aie                
,cele/ial-,blue ,porcela91 #aha1 #aic   
,c5t5nial ,exhibition1 #bb1 #be1 #fc1   
#acj1 #bbg1 #cdj  ,c]amicus1 ,!1 #cb    
,cesnola ,collection1 #bd  ,*aff]s1 ,g4 
,w41 #acf1 #afa1 #bce1 #bij1 #bii1 #cjb 
,*amb]la91 ,pott]1 #cjg  ,*ampion1      
,pott]1 #cji  ,*antilly ,porcela91 #beg 
,*apelet1 ,m41 #adi  ,*>les1 ,duke (    
,brunswick1 #bej  ,*>les ,,iv41 ,k+1    
#bhc  ,*>lotte1 ,que51 #aff             

,*>lott5burg1 #bdd  ,*eap ,"w1 #afd     
,*elsea ,porcela91 #bic  ,*9a1          
,egg-%ell1 #aig1 #bbj  ---- ,m&>91 #bba 
,*9ese ,porcela91 #age  ,classification 
( ,greek ,pott]y1 #da  ,clay ,figures1  
#fc  ,clays1 ,am]ican1 #cdj  ----       
,cornwall1 #cjh  ,cl]issy1 ,anto9e1 #adf
  ,cleuzi\1 ,m41 #bg  ,cloisonn ,"w1    
#bba1 #caf  ,coalport ,porcela91 #cab   
,cobl5tz1 #gg  ,c(fee-pots1 #aeh  ,coke1
 ,pott]1 #caj  ,collections ( ,pott]y1  
#ec  ,coll9ot1 ,m41 #adi  ,colors1      
,*emical1 #bff  ,connecticut ,pott]ies1 
,e>ly1 #cch  ,conrad1 #aci  ,cont5t1 ,! 
,god (1 #agf  ,cook+ ,animal1 ,man a1   
#ad  ,cookwor?y1 ,pott]1 #cjh  ,copel&s1
 ,!1 ,pott]s1 #cac  ,cop5hag5 ,porcela91
 #cbf  ,corean ,porcela91 #baj          
,cornwall ,clays1 #cjh  ,cortez1 #bj    
,cotyle1 #df  ,c\nt]feit ,*9ese         
,porcela91 #cjj  ,c\nt]feit ,maiolica1  
#aai  ---- ,porcela91 #bbg  ,c\?on1 #ea 
,c\v]te1 #fi  ,cozzi1 ,pott]1 #bhj      
,crackle1 #aig1 #bai  ,craft1 ,pa9t]1   
#bia  ,crat]1 #dg  ,cru*e1 #dg          

,crusades1 ,effects (1 #if  ,cup (      
,arcesilaus1 #ea  ---- ( ,samos1 #bf    
,cu/ode1 ,pi]re1 #aci  ,cya?os1 #df     
,cylix1 #dg  ,cyr5aica1 #cg  ,cyr5e1 #ea
   ,d  ,damascus ,pott]y1 #hi  ,daniell1
 ,h4 & ,r41 ,pott]s1 #cad  ,daniell1    
,?omas1 ,pa9t]1 #aff  ,daniells & ,son1 
,pott]s1 #cah  ,dani% ,pott]y1 #fg  ,d>k
 ,ages1 ,!1 #if  ,decad5ce ,/yle1 #da   
,deck1 ,m41 #aeb  ,decoration1 ,e>ly1   
#ah1 #bc  ---- ,japanese1 #bae  ----    
,svres1 #bfj  ---- ,symbolic1 #ahf      
,delft1 #ig1 #aec  ,della ,robbia1      
,&rea1 #aja  ---- ,luca1 #ic1 #ii       
,demm91 ,m41 #da1 #abf1 #aee1 #cbh      
,d5m>k1 ,porcela9 (1 #cbf  ,d5nis1      
,pott]1 #ccf  ,d]by ,porcela91 #big     
,d9n]-,s]vice1 ,rem>kable1 #aff         
,d9n]-,s]vices1 ,delft1 #aeg  ,diog5es1 
,tub (1 #fb  ,dixwell1 ,j4 ,j41 #fb     
,doccia ,porcela91 #bgg  ,dog ( ,fo1 ,!1
 #ahg  ,d\lton ,/one-w>e1 #gg  ,dragon1 
,!1 #ahh  ,dresd5 ,figure-pieces1 #bce  
---- ,porcela91 #bcj  ,dress1 ,greek1   
#ef  ,dr9k+-,cups1 ,inscriptions on1 #bg

  ,druggi/s' ,pots1 #aag  ,duesbury1    
,pott]1 #bid1 #big  ,dut* ,pott]y1 #aec 
---- ,trade ) ,japan1 #bbc  ,dwight1    
,dr41 #ccg   ,e  ,e>!n-w>e1 #ig  ----   
,engli%1 #afa  ,edgewor?1 ,m>ia1 #afb   
,egg-%ell ,*9a1 #aig  ,egyptian ,art1   
#cc  ---- ,r$ ,w>e1 #fe  ---- ,tombs1   
,porcela9 91 #agi1 #bjc  ----           
,wat]-,colors1 #fc  ---- ,glaz$ ,w>e (1 
#gj  ,el]s1 ,messrs41 #afb  ,elizabe?an 
,w>e1 #afb  ,elizabe? ,petrovna1        
,empress1 #cbh  ,enamel1 #fi  ,enamel+1 
#aig  ,en camaeu1 #adf  ,engl&1         
,porcela9s (1 #bhh  ---- ,want (        
,inv5tion 91 #bic  ,engli% ,pott]y1 #fg1
 #afa  ,engobe1 #eb1 #gc1 #ih           
,entrecolles1 ,pre d'1 #bje  ,etruscan  
,vases1 #cg1 #fb  ,exhibition1          
,philadelphia1 #bb1 #be1 #fc   ,f       
,factories1 ,japanese ,porcela91 #bbg   
,fa5za1 #aag  ,fai5ce1 #ig1 #aag  ----  
d',oiron1 #aca  ,fai5ce1 ,japanese1 #bbc
  ,figui]1 ,m41 #bh  ,figures1          
,porcela91 #bhc1 #bia1 #cjh1 #cci       
,figur9es attribut$ to ,palissy1 #abi   

,f9e ,/yle1 ,!1 #da  ,fis*]1 ,pott]1    
#bdg  ,fl&re1 ,grs de1 #gc  ,flaxman1   
#afh  ,fleur-de-,lis ,m>k1 #bhc1 #bhf   
,flight & ,b>r1 ,pott]s1 #cjf  ,flor5t9e
 ,porcela91 #bgd  ,fl[]s1 ,porcela91    
#beh  ,fong-hoang1 ,!1 #ahg  ,fontana   
,family1 #ajh  ---- ,orazio1 #ajd1 #aji 
,=esi1 ,dr41 #bgd  ,=tnum1 ,mr41 #hh    
,france1 ,porcela9 (1 #bec  ,franco1    
,batti/a1 #ajd  ,frank5?al ,porcela91   
#bdi  ,franks1 ,a4 ,w41 #aie1 #bja1 #bjg
  ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 #bca  ,free-,trade 
,fanaticism1 #baa  ,fr5* ,fai5ce1 #ach  
,fr5* ,sprig ,decoration1 #caj  ,fulham 
,pott]y1 #afb  ,fr/5burg ,porcela91 #bdi
  ,fur/l]1 ,pa9t]1 #bdf   ,g  ,gallat91 
,secret>y1 #ccg  ,gallic ,pott]y1 #bh   
,g>dn]1 ,pott]1 #ccj  ,g]man ,pott]y1   
#bh1 #gd  ---- ,glaz$ ,pott]y1 #gh  ----
 ,tribes1 ,!1 #gh  ---- ,"w1 ,lack (    
,ta/e 91 #afc  ,gibson1 ,h5ry1 ,mr41    
#caf  ,g9ori1 ,factory (1 #aab  ---- ,!1
 #bgg  ,gioanetti1 ,pott]1 #bha         
,giorgio1 ,mae/ro1 #aac  ,giu/9iani1    
,factory (1 #aab  ,glad/one1 ,mr41 #agc 

,glaze1 ,def9ition (1 #fi  ---- ,value  
(1 #gb  ,glaz$ ,bricks1 #gj  ----       
,pott]y1 #gh1 #ha  ,glazes 9 ,porcela91 
#aie  ,g\ffi]1 ,claude1 #ace            
,gra9s-(-rice ,cups1 #aig  ,granada1 #hc
  ,graybe>ds1 #gf  ,greek ,dress1 #ef   
---- ,fret1 #ah1 #dg  ---- ,h\se1 ,!1   
#cj1 #ed  ---- ,man1 ,!1 #fj  ----      
,pott]y1 ,classification (1 #da  ----   
,vase1 ,!1 #bi  ---- ,vases1 ,v>ni% (1  
#ga  ---- ,woman1 ,!1 #ed  ,gre5po9t    
,porcela91 #ccd  ,grs de ,fl&re1 #gc    
,gr9nell1 ,mrs4 ,r4 ,m41 #ajj  ,gubbio  
,maiolica1 #aab1 #aac  ,gul5a1 #ccj   ,h
  ,ha>lem1 #aed  ,hague1 ,porcela9 ( ,!1
 #cbb  ,hagu5au ,pott]y1 #adh  ,ha9es & 
,co41 ,pott]s1 #caa  ,han=d1 ,pott]1    
#ccg  ,hange/1 ,madame ,hlne de1 #acc   
,hannong1 ,pott]1 #adh1 #bdi  ,h>t1     
,*>les ,h5ry1 #cca  ,h>t=d ,pott]y1 #ccg
  ,havil&1 ,messrs1 #aej  ,he>d1 ,mr41  
#aid  ,h5d]son & ,co41 ,pott]s1 #cdj    
,h5ri-,deux ,w>e1 #aca1 #acf  ,h5ry     
,,iii4 ( ,france1 #abd  ,h]culaneum1 #ei
  ---- ,porcela91 #cab  ,h]5d ,porcela91

 #bdg  ,hetairai1 ,!1 #eg  ,hewelcke1   
,pott]1 #bhj  ,hirs*vogel1 #hj          
,hispano-,moresque ,w>e1 #hf  ,hiz51    
,porcela9s (1 #bbh  ,h*/ ,porcela91 #bdh
  ,hoe1 ,rob]t1 ,jr41 #aia1 #baj        
,holl&1 #cai  ,holl&1 ,importation (    
,porcela9 to1 #bai  ,hom]'s ,h]oes1     
,palaces (1 #cj  ,hroldt1 #bcd  ,h\se1  
,! ,greek1 #cj1 #ed  ,hugu5ots1 #abc    
,hung>ian ,porcela91 #bdg  ,hydria1 #dg 
,i  ,idols1 ,mexican1 #bj  ,italian     
,maiolicas at ! ,philadelphia           
,exhibition1 #aba  ,italian ,porcela91  
#bgd  ---- ,r5aissance1 #if  ,ives1     
,mrs4 ,moses1 #adf   ,j  ,japanese ,art1
 #bad1 #bbe  ---- ,figures1 #fd  ----   
,porcela91 #baj  ,jasp]1 ,w$gwood's1    
#afh  ,jewels 9 ,decoration1 #bfg       
,jewett1 ,mr41 #agc  ,johnson1 ,dr41    
#bie  ,julia ,mamma1 #agb   ,k  ,kaga   
,w>e1 #bbc1 #bbh  ,kalpis1 #dg  ,kndl]1 
#bcd  ,kan?>os1 #df  ,kaol91 #gh1 #agh1 
#bje1 #bcb1 #bcd  ,katosiro-ouyi-mon1   
#baj  ,kauffmann1 ,angelica1 #bch       
,kelebe1 #df  ,k5s+ton ,museum1 #baa    

,k]amicus1 ,!1 #cb  ,k+-te-,*91 ,city (1
 #ahj1 #bjc  ,kioto ,w>e1 #bbe1 #bbh    
,korzic ,porcela91 #ccj  ,kotyle1 #dg   
,krat]1 #dg  ,kru*e1 #dg  ,kya?os1 #dg  
,kyl91 ,!1 #ahh  ,kylix1 #dg   ,l       
,lacqu]1 ,japanese1 #bbj  ,lacu/r9e     
,dwell+s1 #ae  ,lafon1 ,m41 #aea        
,lake-,dwell]s1 #ae  ,lambe? ,pott]y1   
#afb  ,lampre*t1 ,pa9t]1 #bdf  ,lanc]ay1
 ,bronze-f\nd]1 #cbh  ,lang1 ,b>on von1 
#cbg  ,laughl9 ,bro!rs1 ,pott]s1 #cdb   
,laur91 ,m41 #adi  ,lay>d1 #gj          
,leighton1 ,fr$]ick1 #hh1 #id1 #bbd     
,leky?os1 #dg1 #ej  ,lille ,porcela91   
#cbc  ,limoges ,porcela91 #beh  ----    
,pott]y1 #aej  ,l9d5*]1 ,m41 #aea       
,l9dus ,pott]y1 #hi  ,longbe>ds1 #gf    
,l\is ,philippe1 #bfi  ,l\is ,,xiv1     
#adc1 #bfa  ,l[e/(t ,porcela91 #bii     
,luson1 ,pott]1 #bii  ,lu/res1 #hc1     
#aad1 #aaf  ,lyman & ,f5ton1 ,pott]s1   
#cci  ,lyons1 ,mr41 #bfi   ,m  ,madrid  
,porcela91 #bhf  ,maiolica1 #hg1 #ie1   
#ig  ,majorca1 #hg  ,malaga1 #he  ,man1 
,! ,greek1 #fj  ,m&>9 ,*9a1 #bba        

,m>col9i1 ,c\nt1 #bda  ,m>co ,polo1     
#agi1 #bjd  ,m>ia ,!resa1 #bde  ,m>ks1  
,alcora1 #bhg  ---- ,am/el1 #cbb  ----  
,b]l91 #bde  ---- ,b[1 #bib  ----       
,bri/ol1 #caj  ---- ,capo di ,monte1    
#bhf  ---- ,caughley1 #caa  ----        
,*amb]la9's1 #cjh  ---- ,*antilly1 #beg 
---- ,*elsea1 #big  ---- ,*9ese1 #bjg   
---- ,clignanc\rt1 #bee  ---- ,copel&1  
#cad  ---- ,cop5hag51 #cbg  ---- on     
,delft1 #afj  ---- ,d]by1 #bii  ----    
,dresd51 #bda  ---- ,frank5?al1 #bdi    
---- ,fulda1 #beb  ---- ,fr/5burg1 #bej 
---- ,h*/1 #bdh  ---- ,japanese         
,symbolic1 #bae  ---- ,kron5burg1 #bea  
---- ,lille1 #cbc  ---- ,limba*1 #beb   
---- ,limoges1 #beh  ---- ,ludwigsburg1 
#bea  ---- ,maiolica1 #aai  ----        
,m>ieb]g1 #cbf  ---- ,m>seilles1 #bef   
---- ,mosc[1 #ccj  ---- ,nantg>w1 #caj  
---- ,new ,hall1 #cab  ---- ,nid]vill]1 
#beg  ---- ,nove1 #bhb  ----            
,nymph5burg1 #bea  ---- ,nyon1 #beb     
---- ,orleans1 #bef  ---- ,p>is1 #beg   
---- ,plym\?1 #cji  ---- ,porcela91 #cbe

  ---- ,rock+ham1 #cac  ---- ,russian1  
#cbi  ---- ,sceaux-,p5?ivre1 #beg  ---- 
,svres1 #bgb  ---- ,/4-,cl\d1 #bed  ----
 ,/rasb\rg1 #bef  ---- ,swansea1 #caa   
---- ,symbolic1 #bjj  ---- ,! ,hague1   
#cbc  ---- ,t\rnay1 #cbd  ---- ,tur91   
#bha  ---- ,turn]1 #caa  ----           
,val5ci5nes1 #bef  ---- ( ,vezzi &      
,cozzi1 #bhj  ---- ,vi5na1 #bdg  ----   
,v9c5nes1 #bga  ---- ,weesp1 #cba  ---- 
,worce/]1 #cjf  ---- ,zuri*1 #beb       
,m>ryat1 ,mr41 #aee1 #agd1 #cja         
,m>seilles ,pott]y1 #adh  ,massa*usetts 
,pott]ies1 ,e>ly1 #cch  ,mat!ws1 ,mr41  
#bgj  ,may5ce ,porcela91 #bdh  ,m$icean 
,porcela91 #bgd  ,m$ici1 ,lor5zo de'1   
#aie1 #bjd  ---- ,!1 #bge  ,meiss5      
,porcela91 #bcj  ,mel*ior1 ,pa9t]1 #bdi 
,m5ecy-,vill]oy ,porcela91 #bee         
,metey>d1 ,miss1 #afh1 #agb             
,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 #bd1 #abj1
 #chd  ,mexican ,pott]y1 #bj1 #ff       
,mezza-,maiolica1 #ih  ,m9tons1 ,!1     
,pott]s1 #cad  ,mit*ell1 ,dr41 #bgj     
,monum5t ( ,pott]y1 #hj  ,moori%        

,pott]y1 #gb  ,moors 9 ,spa91 #hb       
,morris1 ,pott]1 #cca  ,mosc[ ,porcela91
 #ccj  ,mosque ( ,om>1 #hi  ,m\nds1     
,we/]n1 #bb  ,m\/i]s ,pott]y1 #adf      
,mll]1 ,pott]1 #cbg  ,murrh9e ,vases1   
,anci5t1 #bjd  ,muse ,cramique at       
,svres1 #bgj  ,museum ( ,arts1 ,bo/on1  
#hf1 #abj   ,n  ,nacre1 #adi            
,nank+-,blue ,porcela91 #aha  ,nank+    
,t[]1 #agg  ,nantg>w ,porcela91 #caj    
,naples1 ,pott]y f1 #fd  ,napoleon ,i41 
#cbd  ,nelson1 ,"l1 #cjg  ,nev]s        
,fai5ce1 #aci  ,new ,hall ,porcela91    
#cab  ,new ,j]sey ,pott]ies1 ,e>ly1 #cdj
  ,nid]vill] ,porcela91 #beg  ,nigg1    
,pa9t]1 #bdf  ,nimrd1 ,palace at1 #gj   
,nor!rn ,europe1 ,porcela9s (1 #cai     
,norwalk ,pott]y1 #ccg  ,norwi* ,pott]y1
 #ccf  ,nott+ham ,w>e1 #cce  ,nove      
,porcela91 #bha  ,nymph5burg ,porcela91 
#bej   ,o  ,o,enochoe1 #dg  ,ol]y1      
,matre1 #adf  ,olpe1 #df  ,om>1 ,mosque 
(1 #hi  ,onyx1 ,w$gwood's1 #afh  ,oporto
 ,porcela91 #bhg  ,ori5tal ,art1 ,"* (1 
#aij1 #bjf1 #bcf  ,ornam5ts (           

,delft-w>e1 #aeh  ,ow>i ,porcela91 #bbh 
,oxybaphon1 #df   ,p  ,pa9t]s1 ,amateur1
 #bih  ---- at ,worce/]1 #cjd  ,palaces 
( ,hom]'s ,h]oes1 #cj  ,palissy1 ,b]n>d1
 #abc  ,pana!naic ,fe/ival1 #adi  ,pte  
dure1 #bcc1 #bec  ,pte t5dre1 #bcc1 #bec
  ,pte-sur-pte1 #cae  ,peabody ,museum1 
#bb  ,pea* ,decoration1 ,japanese1 #bbe 
,pelice1 #de  ,pellip>io ,family1 #aji  
,pepys's ,di>y1 #aeh1 #afa  ,p]g]1      
,pa9t]1 #bdf  ,p]icles1 #eh  ,p]sian    
,pott]y1 #ij  ,p]uvian ,pott]y1 #bb     
,pes>o1 #ih  ,pet] ! ,great1 #cbg  ---- 
! ,h]mit1 #if  ,pe-tun-tse1 #agh1 #bje1 
#bcc  ,phallus1 #bc  ,ph>maceutical     
,emblems1 #aah  ,phiale1 #df            
,philadelphia ,art ,s*ool1 #baa  ----   
,exhibition1 #bb1 #be1 #fc1 #acj1 #bbg1 
#cdj  ---- ,indu/rial ,museum1 #caf     
---- ,porcela91 #cca  ,piccolpasso1     
,book (1 #aaf  ,p9d>1 #dj  ,p9xton      
,porcela91 #caj  ,pipe ,clay1 #acd      
,pi?os1 #fb  ,piz>ro1 #bb  ,place1      
,francis1 ,pott]1 #cad  ,plumbif]\s     
,glaze1 #ih1 #afa  ,plym\? ,porcela91   

#cjh  ,pol&1 ,porcela9 (1 #ccj          
,pompad\r1 ,madame de1 #beh  ,pompeii1  
#ei  ,pop(f1 ,pott]1 #ccj  ,porcela9    
,biscuit1 ,w$gwood's1 #afh  ,porcela91  
,cladon1 #aie  ---- ( ,c5tral ,europe1  
#bbi  ---- ( ,*9a1 #age  ----           
,*rysan!mo-,poni5ne1 #ahb  ---- ,colors 
(1 #ahj1 #aid  ---- ,discov]y (1 #agh   
---- ,e>lie/ ,european1 #bcj  ---- 9    
,egyptian ,tombs1 #agi1 #bjc  ---- (    
,engl&1 #bhh  ---- ,famille-rose1 #ahe  
---- ,famille-v]t1 #ahd  ---- ,fl[]s1   
#beh  ---- ( ,france1 #bec  ----        
,imp]ial ,yell[1 #aie  ---- ,importation
 ( ,*9ese1 #bjd  ---- ,japanese1 #baj1  
#bbg  ---- ,manufacture1 ,sites (1 #bjb 
---- ,manufacture 9 ,*9a1 #bja  ----    
,mode ( mak+ 9 ,*9a1 #bje  ---- (       
,nor!rn ,europe1 #cai  ---- ,pa9t+1 #aif
  ---- ,orig9 ( ,^w1 #bjc  ---- ( ,s\!rn
 ,europe1 #bgd  ---- ,/yles ( ,japanese1
 #bad  ---- ,t[] at ,nank+1 #agg  ---- (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #cca  ----            
,v>iegat$-leav$1 #bai  ---- ,v>ieties ( 
,*9ese1 #aha  ,portl& ,vase1 #aga       

,portuguese ,trade ) ,japan1 #bbb       
,pott]ies1 ,greek1 #ec  ,pott]'s ,art1  
,antiquity (1 #ac  ---- ,:eel1 #ai1 #cd 
,pott]y1 ,*9ese1 #agh  ---- ,monum5t (1 
#hj  ,potti]1 ,m4 ,&r1 #acb             
,pottle-pot1 #gg  ,p\tai1 ,*9ese ,god1  
#fd1 #agf  ,prices ( ,h5ri-,deux ,w>e1  
#acf  ---- ( ,w$gwood ,w>e1 #agd        
,prime1 ,william ,c41 #gf1 #hi1 #ib1    
#ajj1 #bhb1 #bdd1 #bhe1 #bhg1 #bif1     
#cjf1 #cjg1 #ccd  ,prizes = ,victors1   
#dh  ,prize ,vase1 ,a!nian1 #di         
,pro*oos1 #df  ,prote/ant ,p]secutions 9
 ,france1 #abc  ,pruyn1 ,j4 ,v4 ,l41    
#bgj1 #cjj1 #cjb   ,q  ,que5 ,elizabe?'s
 ,h\sekeep+1 #afa  ,que5's ,w>e1        
,w$gwood's1 #aff   ,r  ,raffaelle ,w>e1 
#ajf  ,re9de] ,age1 #ae  ,reticulat$    
,cups1 #aig  ,rhode ,isl&1 ,r\5 ,pott]y 
91 #adf  ,rhodian ,pott]y1 #hg  ,rhyton1
 #dg  ,r+l]1 ,pott]1 #bdi  ,ritt]1 #ii  
,rob9son1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c41 #acc  ,rock+ham 
,porcela91 #cab  ,rockwell1 ,mrs41 #bah 
,roman ,pott]y1 #abd1 #bg1 #afa  ,rr/r&1
 #cbe  ,rose1 ,john1 ,pott]1 #cab       

,rose1 ,pa9t]1 #cjj  ,ro?s*ild1 ,b>on1  
#bfg1 #bgf  ,r\5 ,pott]y1 #adb1 #bee    
,r\se & ,turn]1 ,pott]s1 #cdj  ,r\x1    
,matre1 #adf  ,rovigo1 ,francisco ,xanto
 ,avelli da1 #ajd1 #ajh  ,ru*1 ,pa9t]1  
#cbg  ,ruel1 ,dur&1 ,m41 #adi  ,russia1 
,porcela9 (1 #cbg   ,s  ,salad91        
,porcela9 s5t by1 #bjd  ,salt-glaze1    
#gc1 #afb  ,salzmann1 ,mr41 #hi  ,samian
 ,w>e1 #be  ,samos1 ,cup (1 #bf         
,sappho1 #eg  ,s>cophagus ( ,pott]y1 #hj
  ,s>reguem9es ,pott]y1 #adi  ,satsuma  
,w>e1 #bbd1 #bbh  ,saxon ,porcela91 #bcj
  ,sceaux-,p5?ivre1 #beg  ---- ,m>ks1   
#beg  ,s*ool ,education1 #afc  ,sgange1 
,m4 ,broc de1 #aci  ,seipsius1 ,pa9t]1  
#cbg  ,svres ,m>ks1 #bgc  ----          
,porcela91 #beh  ,sgraffiato ,w>e1 #aai 
,%effield1 ,"l1 #cce  ,%elton ,porcela91
 #cab  ,simplicity1 ,greek1 #bfe        
,six-m>k ,porcela91 #aib  ,skyphos1 #df 
,slip1 #ih  ,smi? & ,sons1 ,pott]s1 #ccd
  ,socrates1 #fa  ,solon1 ,pa9t]1 #cae  
,spani% ,pott]y1 #fd  ,spode1 ,josiah1  
,pott]1 #cac  ---- ,porcela91 #cac      

,sprimont1 ,pott]1 #bic  ,/af=d%ire     
,pott]ies1 #agd  ,/amnos1 #de           
,/annif]\s ,glaze1 #gb1 #hc1 #ic1 #ih   
,/ates1 ,pott]1 #ccg  ,/4-,cl\d         
,porcela91 #bed  ,/eel1 ,daniel1 #aff   
,/e51 ,jan1 #aee  ,/5zel1 #bde          
,/oke-^u-,tr5t1 #afb  ,/one ,age1 #ae   
,/one-w>e1 #afa  ,/on+ton ,pott]y1 #ccg 
,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #cbg  ,/rasb\rg ,pott]y1
 #adh  ,/rat=d-le-,b[1 #bij  ,swansea   
,porcela91 #caa  ,sw$51 ,porcela9 (1    
#cbd  ,symbolic ,animals1 ,*9ese1 #ahg  
---- ,colors1 ,*9ese1 #ahh  ---- ,m>ks1 
#bjj   ,t  ,table-,furniture1 ,e>ly     
,am]ican1 #ccd  ,taip+ ,rebels1 #agh1   
#aha  ,tea & ,teapots1 #aeh             
,tea-,s]vices1 ,delft1 #aeg             
,t]ra-,cotta1 ,w$gwood's1 #afg          
,t]raglia ,fai5ce1 #bha  ,t]re de ,pipe1
 #gc1 #acd  ,tiffany & ,co41 #cjf1 #caf 
,tiles1 ,dut*1 #afj  ---- ,moori%1 #hc  
---- ,p]sian or ,arabic1 #ib  ,toltecs1 
#ba  ,tombs1 ,egyptian1 #ga  ----       
,relics f1 #ca  ,t\rnay ,porcela91 #cbc 
,tr5ton ,pott]ies1 #cda  ,treviso       

,porcela91 #bha  ,tripods1 #gj          
,ts*irnhaus1 #bca  ,tuck] & ,hemphill1  
,pott]s1 #ccb  ,tuppi1 ,pa9t]1 #bgi     
,tur9 ,porcela91 #bha  ,turkey1         
,porcela9 sold 91 #bdf1 #bii1 #cjc      
,turki% ,pott]y1 #fe  ,turn]1 ,?omas1   
,pott]1 #caa  ,turquoise-,blue          
,porcela91 #aic  ,tv] ,porcela91 #ccj   
,tyg1 #afb   ,u  ,unglaz$ ,pott]y1 #fc  
,unit$ ,/ates1 ,pott]y & ,porcela9 ( !1 
#cca  ,urban ,,viii41 ,pope1 #agb       
,urb9o1 #ajb   ,v  ,val5cia1 #hf  ,van  
d] ,me]1 #aee  ,v&]velde1 ,william1 #aee
  ,v>iegat$-leav$ ,porcela91 #bai       
,v>ni%1 #fi  ,v>sanni1 ,pa9t]1 #bdf     
,vase1 ,alhambra1 #hd  ---- ,etruscan1  
#fb  ---- ,great ,numb]s (1 #ec  ----   
,greek1 #bi  ---- ,pictures on1 #fa     
---- ,svres1 #bfc  ,v5ice ,porcela91    
#bgi  ,v]mont ,pott]ies1 ,e>ly1 #cci    
,vezzi1 ,pott]1 #bgi  ,vi5na            
,exposition1 #aha  ---- ,porcela91 #bde 
,v9c5nes ,porcela91 #bei  ,viol9s1      
,delft1 #aeg  ,virg9ia ,clays1 #bij   ,w
  ,wales1 ,george ,w41 #ij1 #id1 #adf1  

#ahe1 #bch1 #bfi1 #bhe1 #bif1 #cjb1     
#cjf1 #cbf  ,wall1 ,dr41 #cjc  ,wallace1
 ,sir ,ri*>d1 #aab1 #cae  ,wa%+ton      
,pit*]s1 #cch  ,watcombe ,pott]y1 #fg   
,wat]-,cool]s1 #fc  ,we*1 ,pa9t]1 #bdf  
,w$gwood1 ,josiah1 #afc1 #ccc           
,w$gwoods1 ,!1 ,pott]s1 #cad  ,w$gwood  
,w>e1 ,prices (1 #agd  ,weesp ,porcela91
 #cba  ,wegeley1 ,mr41 #bdb  ,:eel1     
,pott]'s1 #ai  ,wilk9son1 ,sir ,g>d9]1  
#gj  ,williams1 ,h4 ,d41 #bbj           
,will[-,patt]n1 #caa  ,woman1 ,! ,greek1
 #ed  ,worce/] ,porcela91 #cjc  ,wyman1 
,miss1 #ahe   ,x  ,xantippe1 #fa        
,xanto1 #ajd1 #ajh   ,z  ,zeuxis1 #dd   
,,! ,,end4         99       99       99 
99       99  ,,appletons  ,,am]ican     
,,cyclop,,dia4  ,,new ,,revis$          
,,edition4  ,entirely rewritt5 by !     
able/ writ]s on e subject4 ,pr9t$ f new 
type1 & illu/rat$ ) ,sev]al ,?\s&       
,engrav+s & ,maps4   ,! "w orig9ally    
publi%$ "u ! title ( ,,! ,,new ,,am]ican
 ,,cyclop,,dia 0 complet$ 9 #ahfc1 s9ce 
:i* "t ! wide circulation :i* x has     

atta9$ 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & !
 signal developm5ts :i* h tak5 place 9 e
 bran* ( sci5ce1 lit]ature1 & art1 h    
induc$ ! editors & publi%]s to submit x 
to an exact & ?or\gh revision1 & to     
issue a new edition entitl$ ,,!         
,,am]ican ,,cyclop,,dia4  ,)9 ! la/ t5  
ye>s ! progress ( discov]y 9 e dep>tm5t 
( k has made a new "w ( ref]5ce an      
imp]ative want4  ,! movem5t ( political 
affairs has kept pace ) ! discov]ies (  
sci5ce1 & _! fruitful application to !  
indu/rial & useful arts & ! conv5i5ce & 
ref9em5t ( social life4 ,great w>s &    
consequ5t revolutions h occurr$1 involv+
 national *anges ( peculi> mom5t4 ,!    
civil w> ( our own c\ntry1 :i* 0 at its 
height :5 ! la/ volume ( ! old "w       
appe>$1 has happily be5 end$1 & a new   
c\rse ( comm]cial & indu/rial activity  
has be5 comm5c$4  ,l>ge accessions to   
our geographical k h be5 made by !      
indefatigable explor]s ( ,africa4  ,!   
great political revolutions ( ! la/     
decade1 ) ! natural result ( ! lapse (  

"t1 h br\ght into public view a         
multitude ( new m51 ^: names are 9 e    
"o's m\?1 & ( ^: lives e "o is curi\s to
 "k ! p>ticul>s4 ,great battles h be5   
f\ght1 & important sieges ma9ta9$1 ( :i*
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newspap]s1 or 9 ! transi5t publications 
( ! day1 b :i* ought n[ to take _! place
 9 p]man5t & au!ntic hi/ory4  ,9 prep>+ 
! pres5t edition = ! press1 x has       
accord+ly be5 ! aim ( ! editors to br+  
d[n ! in=mation to ! late/ possible     
dates1 & to furni% an accurate acc\nt ( 
! mo/ rec5t discov]ies 9 sci5ce1 ( e    
fre% production 9 lit]ature1 & ! newe/  
inv5tions 9 ! practical arts1 z well z  
to give a succ9ct & orig9al record ( !  
progress ( political & hi/orical ev5ts4 
,! "w has be5 begun aft] long & c>eful  
prelim9>y labor1 & ) ! mo/ ample        
res\rces = c>ry+ x on to a successful   
t]m9ation4  ,none ( ! orig9al /]eotype  
plates h be5 us$1 b e page has be5 pr9t$
 on new type1 =m+ 9 fact a new          
,cyclopdia1 ) ! same plan & compass z   

its pr$ecessor1 b ) a f> great] pecuni>y
 exp5diture1 & ) su* improvem5ts 9 its  
composition z h be5 sugge/$ by long]    
exp]i5ce & enl>g$ k4  ,! illu/rations1  
:i* are introduc$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ! pres5t
 edition1 h be5 add$ n = ! sake (       
pictorial effect1 b to give great]      
lucidity & =ce to ! explanations 9 !    
text4 ,!y embrace all bran*es ( sci5ce &
 ( natural hi/ory1 & depict ! mo/ fam\s 
& rem>kable features ( sc5]y1           
ar*itecture1 & art1 z well z ! v>i\s    
processes ( me*anics & manufactures4    
,al?\gh int5d$ = in/ruction r ?an       
embelli%m5t1 no pa9s h be5 sp>$ to      
insure _! arti/ic excell5ce2 ! co/ ( _! 
execution is enorm\s1 & x is believ$ t  
!y w f9d a welcome reception z an       
admirable feature ( ! ,cyclopdia1 &     
wor?y ( its high "*4  ,?is "w is sold to
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ea* volume4 ,x is complet$ 9 sixte5 l>ge
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pages1 fully illu/rat$ ) sev]al ?\s&    
,wood ,engrav+s1 & ) num]\s color$      

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#e4jj   ,9 libr>y lea!r1 p] vol4        
#f4jj   ,9 half turkey morocco1 p] vol4 
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vol4               #h4jj   ,9 full      
morocco antique1 gilt edges1 p] vol4    
#aj4jj   ,9 full russia1 p] vol4        
#aj4jj  999999 ,specim5 pages ( !       
,,am]ican ,,cyclop,,dia1 %[+ type1      
illu/rations1 etc41 w be s5t gratis1 on 
application4                      ,d4   
,,appleton  ,,co41 ,,publi%]s1          
#edi  #eea ,broadway1 ,new ,york4       
99       99       99       99       99  
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articles ( travel & adv5ture2 sci5tific 
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& popul> /yle4 ,9 brief1 ! aim is to be 
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practical arts1 & ! late/ views put =?  
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& ,design+ 9 all its bran*es--hav+ 9    
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r5d] ?is ,,art ,,j\rnal ! mo/ valuable  
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,av5ue1 ,baltimore2 #ec ,n9? ,/41       
,pittsburg2 #ajj ,/ate ,/41 ,albany2 #db
 ,/ate ,/41 ,ro*e/]2 #ajc ,/ate ,/1     
,*icago2 #cj ,w4 #d? ,/41 ,c9c9nati2    
#cje ,locu/ ,/41 ,/4 ,l\is2 #bj ,/4     
,*>les ,/41 ,new ,orleans2 #bcj ,sutt]  
,/41 ,san ,francisco4        ,d4        
,,appleton  ,,co41 ,publi%]s1 #edi  #eea
 ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4                     
99       99       99                    
,,footnotes3   #a ,see ,demm91 ,guide1  
etc41 p4 #acj4   #b ,la ,pot]ie         
,gauloise1 ,description de la           
,collection ,*>vet1 p>  ,h5ri du        
,cleuzi\1 ,p>is1 #ahgb4   #c ,bir*'s    
,hi/ory ( ,anci5t ,pott]y4   #d ,guide  
de l',amateur de ,faences et            
,porcela9es4   #e ,trait des ,arts      

cramiques4   #f ,publi%$ at ,nev]s 9    
#ahfc4   #g ,demm9 says t ,,mm4         
,jauffret et ,m\ton are at "w !re /ill4 
#h ,e>!n-w>e4   #i ,hi/oire de la       
,porcela9e ,*9oise4   #aj ,m>ryat1      
,pott]y & ,porcela94   #aa ,jacquem>t4  
#ab ,f a ,*9ese diction>y quot$ by      
,jacquem>t4   #ac ,?is m&>9 porcela9    
,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,franks1 ! late/ writ] on  
! subject1 believes 0 made 9 ,*9a2 & ?us
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?us becomes ?ree %ill+s & sixp5ce /]l+4 
#ae ,m>ks & ,monographs ( ,pott]y &     
,porcela91 ,g4 ,w4 ,*aff]s4   #af       
,bohn's ,catalogue4   #ag ,an article   
made ( fire-clay1 to place ! *9a 9 :5   
be+  burnt4         99       99       99
       99       99  ,typographical      
errors correct$ by ! etext transcrib]3  
& & t "t & t "t pg #g  ,l\is ,phillippe 
,l\is ,philippe1 pg #bfi