,,! ,,bible ,i4 ,,au!nticity ,,ii4 ,,cr$ibility ,,iii4 ,,morality ,by ,,john ,e4 ,,remsburg ,somebody ought to tell ! tru? ab\t ! ,bible4 --,+]soll4 ,new ,york ,,! ,,tru? ,,seek] ,,company #fb ,vesey ,/reet #aijg ,9 memory ( my "m1 ,s>ah ,a4 ,brun]4 ,,preface4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #aija1 ! foll[+ ann\ncem5t appe>$ 9 ,! ,tru? ,seek]1 ( ,new ,york3 ,to ! ,read]s ( ,! ,tru? ,seek]3 ,two ye>s ago t able & sagaci\s ,lib]al lead]1 ,l4 ,k4 ,wa%burn1 wrote3 ,! next great moral revolution ( ! _w w be a crusade aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian ,bible4 ,! *ur* expects ?is & is prep>+ = x4 ,9 an address be=e ! ,me?odi/ m9i/]s ( ,*icago1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,curry1 a di/+ui%$ ,me?odi/ div9e1 said3 ,we are /&+ on ! eve ( ! mo/ /up5d\s revolution 9 ref]5ce to ! doctr9es ( ! ,bible t ! *ur* has ev] kn[n4 ,9 ?is long w> ) bibliolat]s ! y\ng] read]s ( ,! ,tru? ,seek] w take a prom95t "p4 ,to call _! att5tion to ! imp5d+ /ruggle1 & to aid 9 a small way 9 fitt+ !m = x1 ! editor ( ,! ,tru? ,seek] has invit$ me to op5 a sort ( ,bible s*ool 9 8 pap]4 ,= ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury ,i h be5 writ+ & lectur+ & debat+ aga9/ ! div9ity ( ! ,bible4 ,my opposition f ! tra9$ def5d]s ( ! book has be5 at times bo? ke5 & bitt]4 ,i 0 compell$ to become & rema9 a dilig5t /ud5t ( ! ,bible & ( ,biblical criticism4 ,z f> z possible ,i collect$ all ( ! damag+ facts obta9able4 ,i dige/$ & classifi$ !m & fil$ !m away 9 ! label$ pigeon-holes ( my bra9 = use :5 ne$$4 ,i am gr[+ old4 ,my hair :i* 0 black :5 ,i began my "w w soon be :ite4 ,i h at ! mo/ b a few m ye>s to labor4 ,?is ars5al ( facts :i* ,i h ga!r$ & ! argum5ts t ,i h =mulat$ f !m ,i wi% to place )9 ! rea* ( o!rs4 ,:e!r ! ?\ght be a ,spirituali/ic assurance or an ,iri% bull1 x w be a pleasure to me :5 ,i am dead to "k t ,i am /ill ( "s s]vice to ! cause4 ,9 ! next issue ( ,! ,tru? ,seek] ,i %all beg9 a s]ies ( "s ?irty lessons or *apt]s on ,! ,bible4 ,! *ief purpose ( ! "w w be to combat ! dogmas ( ! div9e orig9 & infallibility ( ! ,*ri/ian ,bible4 ,! po9ts ( attack w be ?ree3 #a4 ,its ,au!nticity2 #b4 ,its ,cr$ibility2 #c4 ,its ,morality4 ,i %all endeavor to disprove 9 a l>ge degree ! au!nticity ( its books1 ! cr$ibility ( its /atem5ts1 & ! morality ( its tea*+s4 ,john ,e4 ,remsburg4 ,^! *apt]s 7 publi%$ 9 weekly in/allm5ts 9 ,! ,tru? ,seek]1 _! publication ext5d+ ?r\gh a p]iod ( tw5ty mon?s4 ,! matt] 0 electrotyp$ z publi%$ & ! "w w n[ be giv5 to ! public 9 book =m4 ,to ^? int]e/$ 9 ,biblical criticism1 & especially to ! ,free?\ght propag&i/ & to ! ,*ri/ian inve/igator1 x is hop$ t its cont5ts may be useful4 ,! facts pres5t$ 9 ?is volume1 :ile kn[n to _m ,*ri/ian s*ol>s1 are1 z f> z possible1 kept f ! l[] ord]s ( ! cl]gy & f ! laity4 ,div9es enjoy+ high honors & l>ge sal>ies may be cognizant ( !m )\t endang]+ _! fai?2 b ! humbl] m9i/]s :o receive small pay1 & ! laity :o support ! *ur*1 are liable to h _! fai? impair$ by a k ( !m4 ,9 ,"p ,,ii41 devot$ to ! ,cr$ibility ( ! ,bible1 less space is giv5 to ! errors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ?an to ^? ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,?is is n because ! ,new conta9s less errors ?an ! ,old1 b because ! au?or has prep>$ ano!r volume on ?is subject4 ,9 ,! ,*ri/1 a sequel to ,! ,bible1 a m exhau/ive exposition ( ! errors ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 p>ticul>ly ( ! ,f\r ,gospels1 is giv54 ,:ile d5y+ ! infallibility ( ! writ]s ( ! ,bible ! au?or is n unconsci\s ( 8 own fallibility4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,au!nticity4 ,*apt] ,i4 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,_w1 #e ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,bible1 #ab ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,=mation ( ! ,canon1 #ba ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,diff]5t ,v]sions ( ! ,bible1 #ci ,*apt] ,v4 ,au?or%ip & ,dates1 #de ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,! ,p5tateu*1 #ej ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,! ,prophets1 #gf ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! ,hagiographa1 #id ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,! ,f\r ,gospels1 #ajh ,*apt] ,x4 ,acts1 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 & ,revelation1 #adj ,*apt] ,,xi4 ,paul9e ,epi/les1 #aeb ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,cr$ibility4 ,*apt] ,,xii4 ,textual ,errors1 #afc ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,two ,cosmogonies ( ,g5esis1 #aha ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,! ,patri>*al ,age1 #ahh ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,! ,jewi% ,k+s1 #aih ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,:5 ,did ,jeho%aphat ,die8 #baj ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,inspir$ ,numb]s1 #bca ,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels1 #bch ,*apt] ,,xix4 ,paul & ! ,apo/les1 #bdg ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,! ,bible & ,hi/ory1 #bfj ,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,! ,bible & ,sci5ce1 #bga ,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,prophecies1 #bic ,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,miracles1 #cjf ,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,! ,bible ,god1 #cag ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,morality4 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,! ,bible ,n a ,moral ,guide1 #cbi ,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,ly+--,*eat+--,/eal+1 #cci ,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,murd]--,w>1 #cea ,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,human ,sacrifices--,cannibalism--,wit*craft #cfa ,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,slav]y--,polygamy1 #cgd ,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,adult]y--,obsc5ity #chh ,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,intemp]ance--,vagrancy--,ignorance1 #cid ,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,inju/ice to ,wom5--,unk9dness to ,*ildr5--,cruelty to ,animals1 #djd ,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,tyranny--,intol]ance1 #dae ,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,conclusion1 #dbc ,,app5dix4 ,argum5ts ,aga9/ ! ,div9e ,orig9 & 9 ,support ( ! ,human ,orig9 ( ! ,bible1 #dcc ,index1 #dfc ,,! ,,bible4 ,,"p ,i4--,,au!nticity4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,sacr$ ,,books ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 ,asia has be5 ! fruitful s\rce ( religions & ,bibles4 ,! sev5 great religions ( ! _w1 ,brahmanism1 ,buddhism1 ,confucianism1 ,zoroa/rianism1 ,mohamm$anism1 ,judaism1 & ,*ri/ianity--all _h _! bir? 9 ,asia2 & ! s-call$ sacr$ books :i* are us$ to uphold & propagate ^! fai?s 7 ne>ly all writt5 by ,asiatic prie/s & prophets4 ,a brief description ( ! mo/ important ( ^! books w be pres5t$ 9 ?is *apt]4 ,sacr$ ,books ( ,india4 ,v$as4--,! ,v$as are ! olde/ ,bibles 9 ! _w4 ,!re are f\r ( !m1 ! ,rigv$a1 ! ,yajurv$a1 ! ,samav$a1 & ! ,a?>vav$a4 ,dev\t ,h9doos believe t ^! books h always exi/$--t !y are co-et]nal ) ,god4 ,s*ol>s agree t !y are v old1 t ! ,rigv$a1 ! olde/ ( ! f\r1 & "o ( ! olde/ books extant1 0 compos$ betwe5 #c1jjj & #d1jjj ye>s ago4 ,ea* ,v$a is complete 9 itself1 & consi/s ( religi\s tea*+s1 pray]s1 & hymns4 ,puranas4--,! ,v$as & ,puranas are ! mo/ important ( ! sacr$ books ( ! ,h9doos4 ,! ,puranas1 m ?an any o!r works1 h contribut$ to m\ld ! doctr9es ( ! popul> ,brahmanical religion ( ,india4 ,!y are eighte5 9 numb]1 ( :i* ! ,bhagavata1 conta9+ a hi/ory ( ,*risna1 is ! "o be/ kn[n4 ,tripitaka4--,?is is ! ,buddhi/ ,bible4 ,x 0 compil$ #cjj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,self conque/ & univ]sal *>ity are its fundam5tal tea*+s4 ,upani%ads4--,^! are sacr$ books :i* treat ( ! ,creation1 ( ! ,supreme ,be+ or ,_s1 ,brahma1 & ( ! nature ( ! human s\l & its relation to ,brahma4 ,tantras4--,! ,tantras are sacr$ books relat+ *iefly to ! ,god ,siva4 ,ramayana4--,! ,ramayana is "o ( ! great epic poems ( ! _w4 ,x gives ! hi/ory ( ,rama1 "o ( ! inc>nations ( ! ,god ,vi%nu4 ,mahabh>ata4--,?is is ano!r epic poem1 a l>g] "o1 conta9+ m ?an #ajj1jjj v]ses4 ,l ! ,ramayana1 x is believ$ to be ( div9e orig94 ,x has be5 describ$ z ! great manual ( all t is moral1 useful1 & agreeable4 ,in/itutes ( ,m5u4--,m5u is reg>d$ z ! law-giv] ( ! ,h9doos1 z ,moses is ( ! ,jews4 ,! ,in/itutes ( ,m5u are 9 _m respects simil> to ! s-call$ laws ( ,moses4 ,sacr$ ,books ( ,*9a4 ,yih ,k+4--,?is book conta9s a cosmological treatise & a comp5dium on morals4 ,x 0 writt5 #aadc ,b4,c4 ,%u ,k+4--,?is conta9s ! tea*+s & maxims ( c]ta9 anci5t ,*9ese k+s4 ,!re are docum5ts 9 x ov] #d1jjj ye>s old4 ,%i ,k+4--,?is is ! ,*9ese hymn book4 ,x conta9s ?ree hundr$ sacr$ songs & poems1 "s ( :i* are v old4 ,le ,k+4--,! ,le ,k+ is a text book on mann]s1 cu/oms1 & c]emonies4 ,x has be5 "o ( ! *ief ag5ts 9 m\ld+ ! social & religi\s life ( ,*9a4 ,*un ,tsi54--,! ,*un ,tsi5 is a hi/orical "w compil$ by ,confucius4 ,x gives a record ( 8 own times & ^? imm$iately prec$+ him4 ,! above books1 call$ ! ,five ,k+s1 are ! canonical books ( ,confucianism1 ! religion ( ! educat$ classes ( ,*9a4 ,) ! exceptions not$1 !y 7 mo/ly writt5 or compil$ ab\t #ejj ,b4,c4 ,!y are consid]$ sacr$ by ! ,*9ese1 b n1 l o!r sacr$ books1 a revelation f ,god4 ,confucius recogniz$ no ,god4 ,8 religion is preem95tly ! religion ( ?is _w1 & is ?us summ$ up by him3 ,! obs]vance ( ! ?ree fundam5tal laws ( relation betwe5 sov]eign & subject1 fa!r & *ild1 husb& & wife1 & ! five capital virtues--univ]sal *>ity1 imp>tial ju/ice1 con=mity to c]emonies & e/abli%$ usages1 rectitude ( he>t & m9d1 & pure s9c]ity4 ,sacr$ ,books ( ,p]sia4 ,z5d ,ave/a4--,?is is "o ( ! mo/ important ( all ! ,bibles ( ! _w1 al?\gh ! religion :i* x tea*es numb]s b a few adh]5ts4 ,x 0 writt5 by ,zoroa/] & 8 disciples ab\t #c1jjj ye>s ago4 ,x 0 an enorm\s "w 9 size1 cov]+1 x is said1 #ab1jjj p>*m5ts4 ,! ,z5d ,ave/a prop] consi/$ ( tw5ty-"o books4 ,all ( ^!1 save "o & "s fragm5ts ( ! o!rs1 h p]i%$4 ,!y dealt *iefly ) religion1 b t\*$ ^u almo/ e subject ( int]e/ to mank9d4 ,!y 7 believ$ to be a fai?ful record ( ! words spok5 to ! great prophet by ,god himself4 ,bo? ,jews & ,*ri/ians borr[$ mu* f ! ,z5d ,ave/a4 ,sadd]4--,! ,sadd] is ! ,bible ( ! mod]n ,p>sees1 & conta9s1 9 an abridg$ =m1 ! religi\s tea*+s ( ,zoroa/]4 ,sacr$ ,books ( ,islam4 ,koran4--,! ,mohamm$ans believe t div9e revelations 7 giv5 to ,adam1 ,se?1 ,eno*1 ,abraham1 ,moses1 ,david1 ,jesus1 & ,mohamm$1 & t ea* successive revelation 9 a measure sup]s$$ ! prec$+ "o4 ,! books giv5 to ,adam1 ,se?1 ,eno*1 & ,abraham h be5 lo/4 ,! ,p5tateu*1 ! ,psalms1 & ! ,f\r ,gospels are accept$ by !m1 b ! int]polations & corruptions ( ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 !y claim1 h greatly impair$ _! value4 ,! ,koran is ) !m ! book ( books--,god's la/ & be/ revelation to man4 ,x 0 writt5 9 rays ( light on a tablet be=e ! ?rone ( ,god4 ,a copy b\nd 9 :ite silk & b$eck$ ) gems 0 c>ri$ by ,gabriel to ! l[e/ heav51 :]e f "t to "t1 dur+ a p]iod ( tw5ty ye>s1 portions ( x 7 transmitt$ to ,mohamm$ until ! :ole 0 giv5 to ! _w4 ,! book is divid$ into #aad *apt]s4 ,x is elegant 9 /yle1 &1 l mo/ o!r ,bibles1 conta9s1 along ) a great deal t is fabul\s & pu]ile1 "s admirable moral tea*+s4 ,sunna4--,! ,sunna is a l>ge "w conta9+ _m ?\s& leg5ds ( ,mohamm$4 ,x is a sacr$ book1 b ( less au?ority ?an ! ,koran4 ,sacr$ ,books ( ! ,jews4 ,torah4--,! ,book ( ! ,law1 n[ commonly call$ ! ,p5tateu*1 is ! mo/ sacr$ ( all ,jewi% books4 ,jews z well z ,*ri/ians believe t x 0 writt5 by ,moses & dictat$ by ,god4 ,x 0 n divid$ into five books z we h x4 ,9 ! olde/ ,hebrew manuscripts ! entire "w =ms b "o book4 ,x 0 subsequ5tly divid$ into p>%iyo?1 or *apt]s1 & ^! into s$>im1 or sections4 ,nebiim4--,! ,law & ! ,prophets 7 ! *ief au?orities ( ! ,jews4 ,! books ( ! ,prophets1 call$ ,nebiim1 7 believ$ by ! or?odox ,jews to be div9ely inspir$1 b 7 e/eem$ ( less importance ?an ! ,torah4 ,ce?ubim4--,?is collection ( writ+s compris$ ! hymns1 poems1 & o!r books n[ kn[n z ! ,hagiographa4 ,talmud4--,! ,talmud1 :ile n reg>d$ z a div9e revelation1 l ! ,law & ! ,prophets1 is 9 "s respects ! mo/ important ( ,jewi% works4 ,x is almo/ a libr>y 9 itself1 & con/itutes a va/ /oreh\se ( in=mation p]ta9+ to ,jewi% hi/ory & !ology4 ,sacr$ ,book ( ,*ri/ians4 ,holy ,bible4--,! ,*ri/ian ,bible consi/s ( two collections ( small books1 "o call$ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! o!r ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t comprises ! ,torah1 ,nebiim1 & ,ce?ubim ( ! ,jews4 ,x is divid$ into #ci books 7includ+ ! ,apocryphal books accept$ by ! ,greek & ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es1 ab\t #ej74 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is a collection ( #bg e>ly ,*ri/ian writ+s1 :i* orig9ally appe>$ 9 ! v>i\s *ur*es ( ,asia1 ,africa & ,europe4 ,! ,bible is b "o ( _m books = :i* div9ity is claim$4 ,*ri/ians d5y ! div9ity ( ! o!r books1 h[ev]1 & affirm t !y are ( human orig9--t _! book is ,god's only revelation to mank9d4 ,! or?odox claim respect+ its div9ity is express$ 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,beh9d ! human au?ors /ood ! div9e ,_s1 controll+1 guid+1 & sugge/+ e "p ( _! diff]5t messages 7,birks74 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,bible4 ,! title ,bible1 f ,ta ,biblia1 mean+ ,! ,book1 or m prop]ly ,! ,books1 0 giv5 to ! sacr$ book ( ,*ri/ians1 x is claim$1 by ,*ryso/om 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,= a p]iod ( "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s ! sacr$ books ( ! ,jews alone con/itut$ ! ,*ri/ian ,bible4 ,!y consi/$ ( ! foll[+ ?ree collections ( books :i* =m ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ,law4 ,g5esis1 ,exodus1 ,leviticus1 ,numb]s1 ,deut]onomy4 ,! ,prophets4 ,jo%ua1 ,judges1 #a ,samuel1 #b ,samuel1 #a ,k+s1 #b ,k+s1 ,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 ,ezekiel1 ,hosea1 ,joel1 ,amos1 ,obadiah1 ,jonah1 ,micah1 ,nahum1 ,habakkuk1 ,zephaniah1 ,haggai1 ,ze*>iah1 ,mala*i4 ,hagiographa4 ,psalms1 ,prov]bs1 ,job1 ,song ( ,solomon1 ,ru?1 ,lam5tations1 ,ecclesia/es1 ,e/h]1 ,daniel1 ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 #a ,*ronicles1 #b ,*ronicles4 ,to ! above ?irty-n9e books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 subsequ5tly add$ ! foll[+ tw5ty-sev5 books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 ,john1 ,acts1 ,romans1 #a ,cor9?ians1 #b ,cor9?ians1 ,galatians1 ,ephesians1 ,philippians1 ,colossians1 #a ,!ssalonians1 #b ,!ssalonians1 #a ,timo?y1 #b ,timo?y1 ,titus1 ,philemon1 ,hebrews1 ,james1 #a ,pet]1 #b ,pet]1 #a ,john1 #b ,john1 #c ,john1 ,jude1 ,revelation4 ,! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 call$ ,! ,scripture1 or ,scriptures1 by e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,aft] ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7 recogniz$ z canonical & inspir$1 ! t]ms ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts 7 employ$ to di/+ui% ! two divisions4 ,t]tullian1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury1 0 ! fir/ to use ! t]m ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! prop] arrangem5t ( ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is 9 ! ord] nam$ 9 ! =ego+ li/4 ,bo? ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 h[ev]1 h v>i$ ! ord]4 ,! books ( ! ,hagiographa1 ) ! exceptions ( ,ru? :i* foll[s ,judges1 ,lam5tations :i* foll[s ,j]emiah1 & ,daniel :i* appe>s among ! ,prophets1 h be5 plac$ betwe5 ! ,e>li] & ,lat] ,prophets4 ,9 lat] ,jewi% v]sions ! ,song ( ,solomon1 ,ru?1 ,lam5tations1 ,ecclesia/es1 & ,e/h]1 call$ ! five rolls1 come imm$iately aft] ! ,p5tateu*4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian ,bibles ( ! ,ea/]n *ur*es1 includ+ ! two mo/ not$ anci5t manuscripts1 ! ,vatican & ,alex&rian1 ! sev5 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,james1 #a ,pet]1 #b ,pet]1 #a ,john1 #b ,john1 #c ,john1 & ,jude1 foll[ ,acts & prec$e ! ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,9 ! accept$ ,hebrew ! ?irty-n9e books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t =m$ b tw5ty-two1 correspond+ to ! tw5ty-two lett]s ( ! ,hebrew alphabet4 ,judges & ,ru? =m$ "o book1 ,fir/ & ,second ,samuel "o1 ,fir/ & ,second ,k+s "o1 ,fir/ & ,second ,*ronicles "o1 ,ezra & ,nehemiah "o1 ,j]emiah & ,lam5tations "o1 & ! twelve ,m9or ,prophets "o4 ,! books ( ! ,p5tateu* 7,p5te1 five2 teu*os1 volume7 n[ be> ! ,greek names giv5 !m by ! ,septuag9t translators1 ) ! exception ( ! f\r?1 ,ari?moi1 :i* is call$ by ! ,engli% "n1 ,numb]s4 ,! ,hebrew names = ^!1 z well z _m o!r books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 are ! initial words ( ! books4 ,! "n ( ,g5esis1 z translat$1 is ,9 ! ,beg9n+2 ,exodus1 ,^! ,are ! ,words2 ,leviticus1 ,& ,he ,call$2 ,numb]s1 ,& ,he ,spake2 ,deut]onomy1 ,^! ,are ! ,words4 ,jo%ua orig9ally belong$ to ?is collection1 & to ! six books mod]n s*ol>s h giv5 ! "n ,hexateu*4 ,ab\t "o-half ( ! books ( ! ,bible1 ,jo%ua1 ,isaiah1 ,mat!w1 etc41 are nam$ aft] _! alleg$ au?ors4 ,a few1 l ,ru? & ,e/h]1 take _! names f ! lead+ *>act]s ( ! books4 ,! ,paul9e ,epi/les be> ! names ( ! *ur*es1 p1 or p]sons to :om !y are address$4 ,! titles ( ,judges1 ,k+s1 ,*ronicles1 ,psalms1 ,prov]bs1 & a few o!rs1 indicate ! subjects ( ! books4 ,! division ( ! books ( ! ,bible into *apt]s 0 made 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury2 ! division into v]ses1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,^! divisions are to a great ext5t me*anical r ?an logical4 ,p>agraphs are frequ5tly divid$ 9 ! =mation ( *apt]s1 & s5t5ces 9 ! =mation ( v]ses4 ,canonical & ,apocryphal ,books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,9 addition to ! canonical books ( ! ,bible1 !re are _m ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian books kn[n z ! ,apocryphal books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,a critical review ( ! ,bible dem&s a consid]ation ( ! apocryphal z well z ! canonical books1 & ! subject w be made m intelligible to ! read] by giv+ a li/ ( bo?4 ,9 mak+ a classification ( !m !y w be divid$ into t5 gr\ps1 z foll[s3 #a4 ,books accept$ z canonical & div9e by all ,jews & ,*ri/ians4 ,g5esis1 ,exodus1 ,leviticus1 ,numb]s1 ,deut]onomy4 #b4 ,books accept$ z canonical & div9e by a "p ( ! ,jews & by all ,*ri/ians4 ,jo%ua1 ,judges1 #a ,samuel1 #b ,samuel1 #a ,k+s1 #b ,k+s1 ,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 ,ezekiel1 ,hosea1 ,joel1 ,amos1 ,obadiah1 ,jonah1 ,micah1 ,nahum1 ,habakkuk1 ,zephaniah1 ,haggai1 ,ze*>iah1 ,mala*i4 #c4 ,books accept$ by a "p ( ! ,jews z canonical1 b n div9e2 by mo/ ,*ri/ians z canonical & div9e4 ,ru?1 #a ,*ronicles1 #b ,*ronicles1 ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 ,e/h]1 ,job1 ,psalms1 ,prov]bs1 ,ecclesia/es1 ,song ( ,solomon1 ,lam5tations1 ,daniel4 #d4 ,books accept$ z canonical by "s ,jews1 & = mo/ "p by ! ,greek & ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*es1 b reject$ by ! ,prote/ants4 ,b>u*1 ,tobit1 ,judi?1 ,book ( ,wisdom1 ,song ( ! ,?ree ,*ildr51 ,hi/ory ( ,susanna1 ,bel & ! ,dragon1 ,pray] ( ,manasseh1 ,ecclesia/icus1 #a ,esdras1 #b ,esdras1 #a ,maccabees1 #b ,maccabees1 #c ,maccabees1 #d ,maccabees1 #e ,maccabees4 #e4 ,lo/ books cit$ by writ]s ( ! ,bible4 ,book ( ! ,w>s ( ! ,"l1 ,book ( ,ja%]1 ,book ( ! ,cov5ant1 ,book ( ,na?an1 ,book ( ,gad1 ,book ( ,samuel1 ,prophecy ( ,ahijah1 ,visions ( ,iddo1 ,acts ( ,uzziah1 ,acts ( ,solomon1 ,?ree ,?\s& ,prov]bs ( ,solomon1 ,a ,?\s& & ,five ,songs ( ,solomon1 ,*ronicles ( ! ,k+s ( ,judah1 ,*ronicles ( ! ,k+s ( ,israel1 ,book ( ,jehu1 ,book ( ,eno*4 #f4 ,books :i* =m$ ! orig9al canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & :i* h always be5 accept$ by ,*ri/ians4 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 ,john1 ,acts1 ,romans1 #a ,cor9?ians1 #b ,cor9?ians1 ,galatians1 ,ephesians1 ,philippians1 ,colossians1 #a ,!ssalonians1 #b ,!ssalonians1 #a ,timo?y1 #b ,timo?y1 ,titus1 ,philemon1 #a ,john4 #g4 ,books :i* are n[ g5]ally accept$ by ,*ri/ians1 b :i* 7 = a "t reject$4 ,hebrews1 ,james1 #a ,pet]1 #b ,pet]1 #b ,john1 #c ,john1 ,jude1 ,revelation4 #h4 ,books n[ exclud$ f ! canon1 b :i* are f\nd 9 "s ( ! old] manuscripts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas1 #a ,clem5t1 #b ,clem5t1 ,paul's ,epi/le to ,laodiceans1 ,apo/olic ,con/itutions4 #i4 ,o!r ,apocryphal books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* are extant4 ,gospel ( ! ,infancy1 ,protevangelion ( ,james1 ,acts ( ,pilate1 ,nativity ( ,m>y1 ,fifte5 ,epi/les ( ,ignatius1 ,epi/le ( ,polyc>p1 ,gospel ( ,m>cion 79 "p71 ,clem5t9e ,recognitions1 ,clem5t9e ,homilies4 #aj4 ,apocryphal books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* are lo/4 ,oracles ( ,*ri/1 ,gospel ,accord+ to ! ,hebrews1 ,gospel ,accord+ to ! ,egyptians1 ,gospel ( ,pet]1 ,gospel ( ,paul1 ,gospel ( ,philip1 ,gospel ( ,mat?ias1 ,gospel ( ,&rew1 ,gospel ( ,p]fection1 ,gospel ( ,tatian1 ,gospel ( ,basilides1 ,gospel ( ,apelles1 ,gospel ( ,c]9?us1 ,gospel ( ,b>?olomew1 ,acts ( ,paul1 ,acts ( ,pet]1 ,revelation ( ,paul1 ,revelation ( ,pet]1 ,prea*+ ( ,pet]1 ,memoirs ( ! ,apo/les4 ,"h is a li/ ( "o hundr$ & fifty books4 ,9 ! apocryphal gr\ps h be5 includ$ only ! mo/ important ( ?is class4 ,to ^! might be add$ at lea/ "o hundr$ o!r apocryphal books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,( ^! two hundr$ & fifty ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian writ+s1 sixty-six--ab\t "o-f\r?--h be5 decl>$ canonical & div9e by ,prote/ants4 ,9 ! m9d ( ! dev\t ,prote/ant !re is z great a diff]5ce betwe5 ! canonical & apocryphal books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts z !re is betwe5 light & d>kness4 ,! =m] he reg>ds z ! "w ( a wise & good ,god1 ! latt]1 ) a few exceptions1 z ! "w ( ignorant & wick$ m54 ,& yet !re is no su* diff]5ce4 ,! two classes are ( mu* ! same "*4 ,! wor/ canonical books are1 p]haps1 bett] ?an ! wor/ apocryphal books2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! be/ apocryphal books1 if n equal to ! be/ canonical books1 are f> sup]ior to a majority ( !m4 ,circum/ances r ?an m]it det]m9$ ! fate ( ^! books4 ,books ( real m]it & ( high au?ority 9 "s ( ! e>ly *ur*es 7 ca/ aside because ^! *ur*es ei!r ceas$ to exi/ or *ang$ _! cre$s2 :ile books ( little m]it surviv$ z au?orities because _! tea*+s support$ ! doctr9es :i* surviv$4 ,! religion ( ! primitive *ur*es und]w5t _m radical *anges4 ,! ,*ri/ianity ( ! second c5tury 0 n ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! fir/4 ,books tea*+ ! new !ology sup]s$$ ^? :i* taught ! old2 & ?us ! e>li] writ+s became obsolete4 ,( all ! ,*ri/ian books writt5 prior to ! middle ( ! second c5tury only a few epi/les h be5 reta9$ z au?orities4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,=mation ,,( ,,! ,,canon4 ,second 9 int]e/ & importance only to ! orig9 ( ! individual books compos+ ! ,bible are ! facts relat+ to ! mann] 9 :i* ^! books 7 collect$ into "o great volume & decl>$ canonical or au?oritative4 ,! =mation ( ! canon requir$ c5turies ( "t to complete4 ,! ,jewi% ,canon4 ,! ,jewi% canon1 x is claim$1 0 *iefly ! "w ( ,ezra1 complet$ by ,nehemiah4 ,all antiquity1 says ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke1 is ne>ly unanim\s 9 giv+ ,ezra ! honor ( collect+ ! diff]5t writ+s ( ,moses & ! prophets & r$uc+ !m into ! =m 9 :i* !y are n[ f\nd 9 ! ,bible4 ,?is op9ion1 %>$ alike by ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 is simply a tradition4 ,!re is no conclusive evid5ce t ,ezra f\nd$ ! canon ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,nehemiah c\ld n h complet$ x1 because a "p ( ! books 7 writt5 aft] 8 "t4 ,!re is no pro( t all ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t exi/$ 9 a collect$ =m be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,!re is no pro( t ev5 ! ,law & ! ,prophets exi/$ 9 su* a =m be=e ! ,maccabean p]iod4 ,! ,rev4 ,fr$]ick ,my]s1 an able au?ority on ! ,bible1 makes ?is c&id admission3 ,by :om ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 collect$ into "o volume1 & by :at au?ority made canonical1 we d n "k 7,ca?olic ,?\ghts on ! ,bible1 p4 #ef74 ,ano!r preval5t belief is t all ( ! ,jewi% scriptures 7 lo/ dur+ ! captivity1 & t ,ezra 0 div9ely inspir$ to rewrite !m4 ,ir5u says3 ,god 444 inspir$ ,esdras1 ! prie/ ( ! tribe ( ,levi1 to compose anew all ! disc\rses ( ! anci5t prophets1 & to re/ore to ! p ! laws giv5 !m by ,moses 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,book ,v41 *ap4 viii74 ,?is is a my?4 ,! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* 7 writt5 be=e ! captivity 7 n lo/4 ,_m books1 x is true1 7 writt5 aft] ! captivity1 b ^! books 7 n reproductions ( lo/ writ+s4 ,!y 7 orig9al compositions1 or compilations ( docum5ts :i* _h n be5 lo/4 ,if ,ezra 0 inspir$1 z claim$1 to rewrite ! ,hebrew scriptures1 he did n complete 8 task1 = ! books t 7 really lo/ h nev] be5 re/or$1 & ! ,old ,te/am5t is b a "p ( ! ,hebrew scriptures t once exi/$4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om says3 ,! ,jews hav+ be5 at "s "t c>eless1 & at o!rs pr(ane1 !y suff]$ "s ( ! sacr$ books to be lo/ ?r\gh _! c>elessness1 & h burnt & de/roy$ o!rs4 ,! li/ ( books giv5 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 "u ! head ( ,lo/ ,books cit$ by writ]s ( ! ,bible1 w\ld ne>ly all be deem$ canonical 7 !y extant4 ,ref]r+ to ^! books1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,campbell1 9 8 ,introduction to ,mat!w1 says3 ,! ,book ( ! ,w>s ( ! ,"l1 ! ,book ( ,ja%]1 ! ,book ( ,na?an ! ,prophet1 ! ,book ( ,gad ! ,se]1 & sev]al o!rs1 are ref]r$ to 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 manife/ly z ( equal au?ority ) ! book :i* ref]s to !m1 & z full] 9 po9t ( in=mation4 ,yet ^! are to all appe>ances irrecov]ably lo/4 ,god's revelation 9 its entirety1 !n1 no long] exi/s4 ,! t5 ,hebrew tribes :i* =m$ ! k+dom ( ,israel1 & ^: remnants 7 aft]w>ds call$ ,sam>itans1 accept$ only ! fir/ six books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! o!r ,jews g5]ally accept$ ! ,p5tateu* & ! ,prophets1 &1 9 a less degree1 ! ,hagiographa z canonical4 ,"s ( !m also atta*$ m or less importance to ! ,apocryphal books4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,canon4 ,respect+ ! =mation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t canon1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,roswell ,d4 ,hit*cock says3 ,! new book ( records 01 l ! old1 set d[n by eye-witnesses ( & actors 9 its sc5es1 closely aft] _! occurr5ce2 its successive portions 7 cauti\sly scrut9iz$ & cle>ly di/+ui%$ z entitl$ to reception2 :5 ! record1 prop]ly s-call$1 0 complet$1 ! new canon 0 clos$ 7,analysis ( ! ,bible1 p4 #aadi74 ,?is process 0 rapid & decisive2 x _h 9 all probability become sub/antially complete be=e ! dea? ( ,john1 ! la/ ( ! apo/les 7,ibid1 p4 #aaeh74 ,t ^! /atem5ts1 popul>ly suppos$ to be true1 are :olly untrue w be demon/rat$ by ! facts pres5t$ 9 ?is & succe$+ *apt]s4 ,! ,*ri/ian canon 0 n complet$ be=e ! dea? ( ! la/ apo/le4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t did n exi/ 9 ! "t ( ! apo/les4 ,x did n exi/ 9 ! "t ( ! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs4 ,x 0 n 9 exi/5ce 9 ! middle ( ! second c5tury4 ,!re 0 no ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! "t ( ,papias4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,davidson1 ! highe/ ,*ri/ian au?ority on ! canon1 says3 ,papias 7#aej ,a4,d47 knew no?+1 s f> z we c le>n1 ( a ,new ,te/am5t canon 7,canon ( ! ,bible1 p4 #abc74 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr knew no?+ ( a ,new ,te/am5t canon4 ,i quote aga9 f ,dr4 ,davidson3 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr's canon 7#aej ,a4,d471 s f> z div9e au?ority & inspiration are conc]n$1 0 ! ,old ,te/am5t 7,ibid1 p4 #abi74 ,= ne>ly two c5turies aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 ! ,old ,te/am5t--! ,old ,te/am5t alone--con/itut$ ! ,*ri/ian canon4 ,no o!r books 7 call$ scripture2 no o!r books 7 consid]$ inspir$2 no o!r books 7 deem$ canonical4 ,f\nd+ ( ! ,canon4 ,to ,ir5u1 m ?an to any o!r man1 belongs ! cr$it ( f\nd+ ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*2 & to him also belongs ! cr$it ( f\nd+ ! ,new ,te/am5t canon1 :i* is a ,roman ,ca?olic "w4 ,no collection ( books correspond+ to our ,new ,te/am5t exi/$ be=e ! "t ( ,ir5u4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to make su* a collection1 & he 0 ! fir/ to claim inspiration & div9e au?ority = its books4 ,dr4 ,davidson says3 ,! conception ( canonicity & inspiration atta*+ to ,new ,te/am5t books did n exi/ till ! "t ( ,ir5u 7,canon1 p4 #afc74 ,at ! close ( ! second c5tury ! ,*ri/ian _w 0 divid$ into a hundr$ diff]5t sects4 ,ir5u & o!rs conceiv$ ! plan ( unit+ ^! sects1 or ! m or?odox ( !m1 into "o great ,ca?olic *ur*1 ) ,rome at ! head2 = ,rome 0 at ?is "t ! l>ge/ & mo/ influ5tial ( all ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es4 ,x is a matt] ( necessity1 says ,ir5u1 t e *ur* %\ld agree ) ?is *ur* on acc\nt ( its preem95t au?ority 7,h]esies1 ,book #c74 ,9 connection ) ?is "w ,ir5u made a collection ( books = use 9 ! *ur*4 ,8 collection compris$ ! foll[+3 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 ,john1 ,acts1 ,romans1 ,fir/ ,cor9?ians1 ,second ,cor9?ians1 ,galatians1 ,ephesians1 ,philippians1 ,colossians1 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 ,second ,!ssalonians1 ,fir/ ,timo?y1 ,second ,timo?y1 ,titus1 ,philemon1 ,fir/ ,john1 & ,revelation--tw5ty books 9 all4 ,9 ! "w ( e/abli%+ ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* & ! ,new ,te/am5t canon ,ir5u 0 succe$$1 e>ly 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 by ,t]tullian & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria4 ,!y adopt$ ! li/ ( books made by him4 ,! books adopt$ by ^! ,fa!rs 7 select$ f a l>ge numb] ( ,*ri/ian writ+s !n extant--=ty or m gospels1 ne>ly z _m ,acts ( ,apo/les1 a score ( ,revelations1 & a hundr$ epi/les4 ,ea* *ur* _h "o or m books :i* 7 us$ 9 t *ur*4 ,no div9e au?ority1 h[ev]1 0 ascrib$ to any ( !m4 ,:y did ! ,fa!rs *oose ^! p>ticul> books8 ,above all1 :y did !y *oose f\r gospels in/ead ( "o8 ,we nev] see f\r biographies ( ,wa%+ton1 ( ,cromwell1 or ( ,napoleon1 b\nd 9 "o volume2 yet "h we h f\r diff]5t biographies ( ,jesus 9 "o book4 ,ir5u says x is because !re are f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>? 9 :i* we live1 & f\r univ]sal w9ds4 ,in/ead ( ?is artificial reason he c\ld h giv5 a natural1 a rational1 & a tru?ful reason4 ,:ile primitive ,*ri/ians1 z we h se51 7 divid$ into _m sects1 ! pr9cipal sects may be gr\p$ into ?ree divisions3 #a4 ,! ,petr9e *ur*es1 compris+ ! *ur* ( ,rome & o!r *ur*es :i* recogniz$ ,pet] z ! *ief ( ! apo/les & ! visible head ( ! *ur* on e>?2 #b4 ,! ,paul9e sects1 :i* accept$ ,paul z ! true expon5t ( ,*ri/ianity2 #c4 ,! ,johann9e or ,ea/]n *ur*es1 :i* reg>d$ ,john z _! f\nd]4 ,a collection ( books to be acceptable to all ( ^! *ur*es mu/ conta9 ! favorite books ( ea*4 ,! ,fir/ ,gospel1 writt5 ab\t ! "t ?is *ur* union movem5t 0 inaugurat$1 0 adopt$ by ! ,petr9e *ur*es4 ,! ,second ,gospel 0 also highly valu$ by ! *ur* ( ,rome4 ,! ,?ird ,gospel1 a revis$ & enl>g$ edition ( ! ,paul9e ,gospel ( ,m>cion1 _h become ! /&>d au?ority ( ,paul9e ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,f\r? ,gospel1 :i* _h sup]s$$ o!r & old] gospels1 0 g5]ally read 9 ! ,johann9e *ur*es4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 writt5 = ! purpose ( heal+ ! diss5sions t _h aris5 betwe5 ! foll[]s ( ,pet] & ,paul1 0 acceptable to bo? ,petr9es & ,paul9es4 ,! ,epi/les ( ,paul 7 ( c\rse receiv$ by ! ,paul9e *ur*es1 :ile ! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,john 0 g5]ally receiv$ by ! ,ea/]n *ur*es4 ,! collection w\ld n be complete )\t a ,revelation1 & ! ,revelation ( ,john 0 select$4 ,! "w in/itut$ by ,ir5u 0 successful4 ,! ?ree divisions ( ,*ri/5dom 7 unit$1 & ! ,ca?olic *ur* 0 e/abli%$4 ,b ?is cem5t+1 al?\gh x held = c5turies1 did n la/1 z 0 hop$1 = all "t4 ,! seams gave way1 ! divisions sep>at$1 & to-day /& out z di/9ctly z !y did 9 ! second c5tury2 ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* repres5t+ ! ,petr9e1 ! ,greek *ur* ! ,johann9e1 & ! ,prote/ant *ur*es to a great ext5t ! ,paul9e ,*ri/ians ( t e>ly age4 ,b :ile ! *ur* sep>at$1 ea* reta9$ all ( ! sixty-six canonical books1 save ,revelation1 :i* = a "t 0 reject$ by ! ,greek *ur*4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t orig9ally conta9$ b tw5ty books4 ,to ,fir/ ,pet]1 ,second ,john1 & ! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas ,ir5u atta*$ "s importance1 b did n place !m 9 8 canon4 ,hebrews1 ,james1 ,second ,pet]1 ,?ird ,john1 & ,jude he ignor$4 ,t]tullian plac$ 9 an app5dix ,hebrews1 ,fir/ ,pet]1 ,second ,john1 ,jude1 & ! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria class$ z hav+ inf]ior au?ority1 ,hebrews1 ,second ,john1 ,jude1 ,fir/ & ,second ,epi/les ( ,clem5t 7( ,rome71 ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas1 ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 & ,revelation ( ,pet]4 ,reg>d+ ! compet5cy ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t canon1 ,davidson says3 ,( ! ?ree fa!rs :o contribut$ mo/ to its e>ly gr[?1 ,ir5u 0 cr$ul\s & blund]+1 ,t]tullian passionate & "o-sid$1 & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 imbu$ ) ! treasures ( ,greek wisdom1 0 ma9ly occupi$ ) ecclesia/ical e?ics 7,canon1 p4 #aee74 ,! ?ree ,fa!rs ( :om we are speak+ _h nei!r ! ability nor ! incl9ation to exam9e ! g5esis ( docum5ts surr\nd$ ) an apo/olic halo4 ,no analysis ( _! au!nticity 0 s]i\sly contemplat$ 7,ibid1 p4 #aef74 ,completion ( ! ,canon4 ,! ,*ri/ian canon1 includ+ ! ,new ,te/am5t canon1 assum$ some?+ l its pres5t =m "u ! labors ( ,augu/9e & ,j]ome t[>d ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,/4 ,augu/9e's canon conta9$ all ( ! books n[ conta9$ 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 except+ ,lam5tations1 :i* 0 exclud$4 ,x conta9$1 9 addition to ^!1 ! apocryphal pieces belong+ to ,daniel1 & ! books ( ,tobit1 ,judi?1 ,wisdom1 ,ecclesia/icus1 & ,fir/ & ,second ,maccabees4 ,/4 ,j]ome's canon conta9$ ,lam5tations1 :i* ,augu/9e's canon exclud$1 & omitt$ ,tobit1 ,judi?1 ,wisdom1 ,ecclesia/icus1 & ,fir/ & ,second ,maccabees1 :i* ,augu/9e's includ$4 ,roman ,ca?olics accept ! canon ( ,augu/9e1 includ+ ,lam5tations2 ,prote/ants1 g5]ally1 accept ! canon ( ,j]ome4 ,:ile ,j]ome includ$ 9 8 canon all ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 he admitt$ t ,philemon1 ,hebrews1 ,second ,pet]1 ,second & ,?ird ,john1 ,jude1 & ,revelation 7 ( d\btful au?ority4 ,ref]r+ to ! "w ( ,augu/9e & ,j]ome1 ,davidson1 says3 ,bo? 7 unfitt$ = ! critical exam9ation ( su* a topic 7,canon1 p4 #bjj74 ,*ri/ian ,c\ncils4 ,_m believe t ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice1 held 9 #cbe ,a4,d41 det]m9$ :at books %\ld con/itute ! ,bible4 ,?is c\ncil did n det]m9e ! canon4 ,s f> z is kn[n1 ! fir/ *ur* c\ncil :i* act$ ^u ?is "q 0 ! ,synod ( ,laodicea :i* met 9 #cfe4 ,?is c\ncil reject$ ! ,apocryphal books conta9$ 9 ,augu/9e's li/1 b admitt$ ,b>u* & ! ,epi/le ( ,j]emiah4 ,x exclud$ ,revelation4 ,v>i\s c\ncils1 foll[+ ?is1 adopt$ canonical li/s4 ,"o c\ncil w\ld admit c]ta9 books & ! next c\ncil w\ld reject !m4 ,! ?ird c\ncil ( ,c>?age 9 #cig adopt$ ! li/ ( ,augu/9e :i* admitt$ ! ,apocryphal books & ,revelation & reject$ ,lam5tations4 ,! actions ( none ( ^! c\ncils 7 unanim\s or decisive4 ,! li/ ( books adopt$ 0 adopt$ simply by a majority vote4 ,a l>ge m9ority ( e c\ncil refus$ to accept ! li/ ( ! majority4 ,"s advocat$ ! admission ( books t 7 reject$2 o!rs oppos$ ! admission ( books t 7 accept$4 ,z late z ! sev5? c5tury 7#fbi71 at ! six? ,c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 _m diff]5t canonical li/s 7 pres5t$ = ratification4 ,! damag+ facts t ,i h adduc$ conc]n+ ! =mation ( ! ,*ri/ian canon are admitt$ 9 a l>ge degree by "o ( ! mo/ or?odox ( au?orities1 ,mc,clintock & ,/rong's ,cyclop$ia ( ,biblical & ,ecclesia/ical ,lit]ature4 ,dr4 ,mc,clintock says3 ,! ,new ,te/am5t canon pres5ts a rem>kable analogy to ! canon ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! beg9n+s ( bo? are obscure4444 ,! hi/ory ( ! canon may be divid$ into ?ree p]iods4 ,! fir/1 ext5d+ to #agj1 includes ! era ( circulation & gradual collection ( ! apo/olic writ+s4 ,! second is clos$ 9 #cjc1 sep>at+ ! sacr$ f o!r ecclesia/ical writ+s4 ,! ?ird may be def9$ by ! ?ird ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age1 #cig ,a4,d41 9 :i* a catalogue ( ! books ( ! ,scriptures 0 =mally ratifi$ by concili> au?ority4 ,! fir/ is *>act]i/ically a p]iod ( tradition1 ! second ( speculation1 & ! ?ird ( au?ority1 & we may trace ! features ( ! successive ages 9 ! c\rse ( ! hi/ory ( ! canon4 ,b h[ev] all ?is may h be51 ! complete canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z we n[ h x1 0 ratifi$ by ! ?ird ,c\ncil ( ,c>?age1 #cig ,a4,d41 f :i* "t x 0 g5]ally accept$ by ! ,lat9 *ur*1 "s ( ! books rema9+ 9 d\bt & disput$4 ,conc]n+ ! "w ( ^! c\ncils1 ,william ,p5n writes z foll[s3 ,i say h[ d !y "k t ^! m5 disc]n$ true f spuri\s8 ,n[1 sure x is1 t "s ( ! ,scriptures tak5 9 by "o c\ncil 7 reject$ by ano!r = apocryphal1 & t :i* 0 left out by ! =m] = apocryphal 0 tak5 9 by ! latt] = canonical 7,p5n's ,works1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #cjb74 ,9 reg>d to ! "* ( ^! c\ncils1 ,dean ,milman writes3 ,x might h be5 suppos$ t n[h]e w\ld ,*ri/ianity appe> 9 su* comm&+ maje/y z 9 a c\ncil4444 ,hi/ory %[s ! melan*oly rev]se4 ,n[h]e is ,*ri/ianity less attractive1 & if we look to ! ord9>y tone & "* ( ! proce$+s1 less au?oritative1 ?an 9 ! c\ncils ( ! *ur*4 ,x is 9 g5]al a fi]ce collision ( two rival factions1 nei!r ( :i* w yield1 ea* ( :i* is solemnly pl$g$ aga9/ conviction 7,hi/ory ( ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #bbf74 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic1 ,greek ,ca?olic1 & ,prote/ant canons1 no two ( :i* are alike1 7 fix$ by mod]n c\ncils4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 7#aede-aefc7 det]m9$ ! ,roman ,ca?olic canon4 ,:ile a majority 7 9 favor ( ! canon ( ,augu/9e !y 7 n agre$ 9 reg>d to ! "* & classification ( ! books4 ,!re 7 f\r p>ties4 ,! fir/ advocat$ two divisions ( ! books1 "o to comprise ! ackn[l$g$ books1 ! o!r ! disput$ books4 ,! second p>ty propos$ ?ree divisions--! ackn[l$g$ books1 ! disput$ books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! ,apocryphal books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ?ird p>ty desir$ ! li/ ( books to be nam$ )\t det]m9+ _! au?ority4 ,! f\r? p>ty dem&$ t all ! books1 ackn[l$g$1 disput$1 & apocryphal1 be decl>$ canonical4 ,?is p>ty triumph$4 ,at a c\ncil ( ! ,greek *ur* held 9 ,j]usalem 9 #afgb1 ?is *ur*1 :i* _h always refus$ to accept ,revelation1 f9ally plac$ x 9 ! canon4 ,! ,greek canon conta9s sev]al apocryphal books n conta9$ 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic canon4 ,bo? divisions ( ! ,prote/ant *ur*1 ,g]man & ,engli%1 decl>$ aga9/ ! au?ority ( ! ,apocryphal books4 ,! ,we/m9/] ,assembly 7#afdg7 =mally adopt$ ! li/ ( books conta9$ 9 our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion ( ! ,bible4 ,anci5t ,*ri/ian ,s*ol>s4 ,mo/ ,*ri/ians believe t all ( ! books ( ! ,bible1 & only ! books ( ! ,bible1 h be5 accept$ z canonical by all ,*ri/ians4 ,& yet1 h[ f> f ?is is ! tru?6 ,9 e age ( ! *ur* !re h be5 ,*ri/ians1 em95t = _! piety & le>n+1 :o ei!r reject$ "s ( ^! books1 or :o accept$ z canonical books n conta9$ 9 ! ,bible4 ,n "o ( ! five m5 :o contribut$ mo/ to =m ! canon1 ,ir5u1 ,t]tullian1 ,clem5t1 ,j]ome1 & ,augu/9e1 accept$ all ( ^! books4 ,late 9 ! second c5tury ,melito1 ,bi%op ( ,s>dis1 a contempor>y ( ,ir5u1 0 deput$ to make a li/ ( ! books belong+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,8 li/ omitt$ ,e/h] & ,lam5tations4 ,! ,muratori canon1 :i* is suppos$ to belong to ! ?ird c5tury1 omitt$ ,hebrews1 ,james1 ,fir/ & ,second ,pet]1 & ,?ird ,john4 ,! ,apo/olic canon omitt$ ,revelation1 & includ$ ,fir/ & ,second ,clem5t & ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions4 ,( ,orig51 ! great ,*ri/ian ,fa!r ( ! ?ird c5tury1 ,*amb]s' ,encyclop$ia says3 ,orig5 d\bt$ ! au?ority ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 ( ! ,epi/le ( ,james1 ( ,jude1 ( ! ,second ( ,pet]1 & ! ,second & ,?ird ( ,john2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 he 0 dispos$ to recognize z canonical c]ta9 apocryphal scriptures1 su* z ^? ( ,h]mas & ,b>nabas4 ,9 addition to ! apocryphal books nam$1 ,orig5 also accept$ z au?oritative ! ,gospel ( ! ,hebrews1 ,gospel ( ! ,egyptians1 ,acts ( ,paul1 & ,prea*+ ( ,pet]4 ,! ,rev4 ,j]emiah ,jones1 a lead+ au?ority on ! canon1 says3 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 ,t]tullian1 & ! re/ ( ! primitive writ]s 7 wont to approve & cite books :i* n[ all m5 "k to be apocryphal 7,canon1 p4 #d74 ,!odoret says t z late z ! fif? c5tury _m *ur*es us$ ! ,gospel ( ,tatian in/ead ( ! canonical ,gospels4 ,gregory ! ,great1 at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5?1 & ,alfric1 at ! close ( ! t5? c5tury1 accept$ z canonical ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,laodiceans4 ,e>ly 9 ! f\r? c5tury ! celebrat$ *ur* hi/orian1 ,eusebius1 gave a li/ ( ! ackn[l$g$ & disput$ books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! disput$ books--books :i* "s accept$ & o!rs reject$--7 ,hebrews1 ,james1 ,second & ,?ird ,john1 ,jude1 ,revelation1 ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas1 ,acts ( ,paul1 & ,revelation ( ,pet]4 ,a?anasius reject$ ,e/h]1 & ,epiphanius accept$ ! ,epi/le ( ,j]emiah4 ,cyril1 ,bi%op ( ,j]usalem1 & ,gregory1 ,bi%op ( ,con/ant9ople1 bo? reject$ ,revelation4 ,*ryso/om1 "o ( ! greate/ ( *ur* div9es1 &1 :o gave to ! sacr$ book ( ,*ri/ians its "n1 omitt$ t5 books f 8 canon--,fir/ & ,second ,*ronicles1 ,e/h]1 ,job1 & ,lam5tations1 five books 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 & ,second ,pet]1 ,second & ,?ird ,john1 ,jude1 & ,revelation1 five books 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,prote/ant ,s*ol>s4 ,_m ,prote/ant s*ol>s h que/ion$ or d5i$ ! correctness ( ! ,prote/ant canon4 ,calv9 d\bt$ ,second & ,?ird ,john & ,revelation4 ,erasmus d\bt$ ,hebrews1 ,second & ,?ird ,john1 & ,revelation4 ,zw+le & ,beza reject$ ,revelation4 ,dr4 ,l>dn] que/ion$ ! au?ority ( ,hebrews1 ,james1 ,second ,pet]1 ,second & ,?ird ,john1 ,jude & ,revelation4 ,evanson reject$ ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ne>ly half ( ! ,epi/les4 ,s*lei]ma*] reject$ ,fir/ ,timo?y4 ,scalig] reject$ ,second ,pet]4 ,davidson ?9ks t ,e/h] %\ld be exclud$ f ! canon4 ,ei*orn reject$ ,daniel & ,jonah 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ,second ,timo?y & ,titus 9 ! ,new4 ,dr4 ,:i/on exclud$ ! ,song ( ,solomon1 & accept$ z canonical m ?an tw5ty books n f\nd 9 ! ,bible4 ,he says3 ,c anyone be s weak z to imag9e ,m>k1 & ,luke1 & ,james1 & ,jude1 :o 7 none ( !m m ?an companions ( ! ,apo/les1 to be our sacr$ & un]r+ guides1 :ile ,b>nabas1 ,?addeus1 ,clem5t1 ,timo?y1 ,h]mas1 ,ignatius1 & ,polyc>p1 :o 7 equally companions ( ! same ,apo/les1 to be ( no au?ority at all8 7,exact ,"t1 p4 #bh74 ,! ,rev4 ,james ,m>t9eau1 ( ,engl&1 says3 ,if we c\ld recov] ! ,gospel ( ! ,hebrews1 & t ( ! ,egyptians1 x w\ld be difficult to give a reason :y !y %\ld n =m a "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & an epi/le by ,clem5t1 ! fell[ labor] ( ,paul1 :i* has z good a claim to /& !re z ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 or ! ,gospel ( ,luke 7,rationale ( ,religi\s ,enquiry74 ,ar*bi%op ,wake pron\nces ! writ+s ( ! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs inspir$1 & says t !y conta9 an au?oritative decl>ation ( ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ 7,apo/olic ,fa!rs74 ,! *ur* ( ,latt] ,day ,sa9ts1 numb]+ "o half million adh]5ts1 & includ+ "s able ,bible s*ol>s1 believe t ! mod]n ,book ( ,mormon is a "p ( ,god's ,^w1 equal 9 au?ority & importance to ! ,p5tateu* or ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,! greate/ "n 9 ! records ( ! ,prote/ant *ur* is ,m>t9 ,lu!r4 ,he is g5]ally recogniz$ z its f\nd]2 he is consid]$ "o ( ! highe/ au?orities on ! ,bible2 he devot$ a l>ge portion ( 8 life to its /udy2 he made a translation ( x = 8 p1 a "w :i* is accept$ z "o ( ! classics ( ,g]man lit]ature4 ,) ,lu!r ! ,bible sup]s$$ ! *ur* z a div9e au?ority4 ,& yet ?is greate/ ( ,prote/ants reject$ no less ?an six ( ! sixty-six books compos+ ! ,prote/ant ,bible4 ,lu!r reject$ ! book ( ,e/h]4 ,he says3 ,i am su* an enemy to ! book ( ,e/h] t ,i wi% x did n exi/4 ,9 8 ,bondage ( ! ,w1 he sev]ely criticises ! book4 ,he reject$ ! book ( ,jonah4 ,he says3 ,! hi/ory ( ,jonah is s mon/r\s z to be absolutely incr$ible 7,colloquia1 ,*ap4 ,,lx41 ,sec4 #aj74 ,he reject$ ,hebrews3 ,! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews is n by ,/4 ,paul2 nor1 inde$1 by any apo/le 7,/&+ ,preface to ,lu!r's ,new ,te/am5t74 ,he reject$ ! ,epi/le ( ,james3 ,/4 ,james' ,epi/le is truly an epi/le ( /raw 7,preface to ,edition ( #aebd74 ,he reject$ ,jude4 ,! ,epi/le ( ,jude1 he says1 allege? /ories & say+s :i* h no place 9 ,scripture 7,/&+ ,preface74 ,he reject$ ,revelation4 ,he says3 ,i c discov] no trace t x is e/abli%$ by ! ,holy ,_s 7,preface to ,edition ( #aebb74 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,diff]5t ,,v]sions ,,( ,,! ,,bible4 ,! foll[+ is a brief description ( ! pr9cipal v]sions1 translations1 & manuscripts ( ! ,bible3 ,v]sions ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures4 ,hebrew4--,! great] portion ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures 0 writt5 9 ! anci5t ,hebrew language1 :ile a small] portion 0 writt5 9 ! ,aramaic or ,*aldaic dialect ( ?is language4 ,! writt5 language ( ! ,hebrew conta9$ no v[els4 ,! mean+ ( _m words 0 m]e conjecture4 ,ab\t "o ?\s& ye>s ago ,jewi% s*ol>s develop$ a sy/em ( v[el po9ts & made a revision ( ! ,hebrew ,scriptures 9 :at is kn[n z ! ,masoretic text4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian v]sions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 includ+ t ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*1 are bas$ ^u ! e>li] or consonantal text2 ! ,prote/ant v]sions are bas$ ^u ! lat] or ,masoretic text4 ,! accept$ ,hebrew v]sions g5]ally omitt$ ! ,apocryphal books4 ,sam>itan4--,! ,sam>itan ,bible1 ! canonical ,scriptures ( ! ,sam>itan ,israelites1 conta9$ b six books--! ,p5tateu* & :at is /yl$ a corrupt v]sion ( ,jo%ua4 ,"s s*ol>s believe t ! ,sam>itan ,p5tateu* is ! mo/ correct v]sion we h ( ?is "w4 ,septuag9t4--,! ,septuag9t 0 a ,greek translation ( ! ,jewi% ,scriptures1 includ+ ! ,apocryphal books4 ,we are told t ab\t #bhe b4 c4 sev5ty s*ol>s1 ea* 9 a sep>ate cell1 translat$ all ( ^! books4 ,! translations1 x is /at$1 7 exactly alike1 a pro( ( div9e sup]vision4 ,?is /ory is a fiction4 ,in/ead ( sev5ty translations ( fifty books1 !re 0 "o translation ( five books4 ,! ,p5tateu* alone 0 translat$ at ?is "t4 ,! ,prophets1 ! ,hagiographa1 & ! ,apocrypha 7 translat$ at v>i\s times dur+ ! succe$+ ?ree hundr$ ye>s4 ,! ,septuag9t 0 ! v]sion us$ by ! ,hell5i/ic ,jews & by ! primitive ,*ri/ians4 ,anci5t ,*ri/ian ,v]sions4 ,pe%ito4--,! ,pe%ito is probably ! olde/ v]sion ( ! ,*ri/ian ,bible4 ,x is 9 ,aramaic1 & is ! ,bible ( ,syrian ,*ri/ians4 ,x omits ,second ,pet]1 ,second & ,?ird ,john1 ,jude1 & ,revelation4 ,egyptian4--,!re 7 two v]sions ( ! ,egyptian ,bible1 ! ,!baic1 writt5 9 ! language ( ,upp] ,egypt1 & ! ,memphitic or ,coptic1 writt5 9 ! language ( ,l[] ,egypt4 ,^! v]sions includ$ ! ,apocrypha & exclud$ ,revelation4 ,e?iopic4--,?is 0 ! ,bible ( ,e?iopian ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t conta9$ f\r divisions3 #a4 ,! ,law2 #b4 ,k+s2 #c4 ,solomon2 #d4 ,! ,prophets4 ,x also conta9$ ! ,book ( ,eno*1 a book f\nd 9 no o!r v]sion4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t omitt$ ,revelation & includ$ ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions4 ,go?ic4--,?is v]sion 0 made by a ,go?ic bi%op 9 ! f\r? c5tury4 ,x omitt$ f\r ( ! pr9cipal books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,fir/ & ,second ,samuel1 & ,fir/ & ,second ,k+s4 ,italic4--,! ,italic v]sion 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ ,lat9 v]sions ( ! ,bible4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t conta9$ b tw5ty-f\r books4 ,x omitt$ ,hebrews1 ,james1 & ,second ,pet]4 ,vulgate4--,! ,vulgate1 "o ( ! mo/ important v]sions ( ! ,bible1 is ! ,lat9 v]sion made by ,j]ome ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,x is ! /&>d v]sion ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,x has und]gone _m revisions & consequ5tly _m *anges4 ,x n[ includes ! ,apocryphal books :i* ,j]ome did n accept z canonical4 ,anci5t ,manuscripts4 ,! ?ree mo/ important ,greek manuscripts1 ^? :i* are recogniz$ z ! highe/ au?orities 9 det]m9+ ! text ( ! ,bible1 are ! ,s9aitic1 ! ,vatican1 & ! ,alex&rian4 ,s9aitic4--,! ,s9aitic ,manuscript1 n[ pres]v$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 0 discov]$ by ,dr4 ,tis*5dorf at a conv5t ne> ,m\nt ,s9ai4 ,x is believ$ by _m to be ! olde/ manuscript ( ! ,new ,te/am5t extant1 dat+ back1 x is suppos$ by "s1 to ! f\r? c5tury4 ,x conta9s tw5ty-n9e books--! tw5ty-sev5 canonical books1 ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas1 & ! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas4 ,vatican4--,?is manuscript1 n[ 9 ! ,vatican libr>y at ,rome1 belongs1 x is claim$1 to ! f\r? c5tury4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t conta9s ! ,apocrypha4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is a mutilat$ copy1 conta9+ only ! ,f\r ,gospels1 ,acts1 & a "p ( ! ,epi/les4 ,alex&rian4--,! ,alex&rian ,manuscript1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 belongs1 x is said1 to ! fif? or six? c5tury4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t includes ! ,apocryphal books4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t includes ! canonical books1 & 9 addition to ^! ! ,fir/ & ,second ,epi/les ( ,clem5t4 ,mod]n ,v]sions4 ,lu!r's4--,! pr9cipal ,g]man v]sion ( ! ,bible 0 made by ! lead] ( ! ,prote/ant ,re=mation4 ,on acc\nt ( its sup]ior lit]>y m]its & its l>ge circulation x is1 next to our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 ! mo/ important ( ! ,prote/ant v]sions4 ,lu!r plac$ ! ,apocryphal books 9 an app5dix at ! end ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* he reject$ 9 an app5dix at ! end ( ! ,new4 ,wicliffe's4--,! translation ( ,wicliffe1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 0 ! fir/ ,engli% translation ( ! ,bible4 ,tyndale's4--,tyndale comm5c$ 8 ,engli% translation ( ! ,bible ab\t ! same "t t ,lu!r comm5c$ 8 ,g]man translation4 ,he did n live to complete x1 & a portion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 translat$ by o!rs4 ,k+ ,james4--,! ,au?oriz$ ,engli% ,v]sion1 commonly call$ ! ,k+ ,james ,bible1 0 publi%$ 9 #afaa4 ,x 0 made by =ty-sev5 ,engli% s*ol>s1 work+ 9 six companies--two at ,ox=d1 two at ,cambridge1 & two at ,we/m9/]4 ,! basis ( ?is v]sion is ,tyndale's translation4 ,! ,apocryphal books1 :i* 7 n accept$ z canonical by ! ,engli% *ur*1 7 plac$ 9 an app5dix4 ,!y are n[ g5]ally omitt$4 ,! ,k+ ,james ,bible is admitt$ly "o ( ! mo/ incorrect v]sions2 b dress$ 9 ! /rong1 qua9t ,engli% ( ,%akespe>e's "t x possesses consid]able lit]>y m]it4 ,x has be5 translat$ into ne>ly e tongue1 & has _h a l>g] circulation ?an all o!rs comb9$4 ,new ,v]sion4--,! new or ,revis$ ,v]sion ( ! ,bible is a revision ( ! ,k+ ,james v]sion4 ,! revision 0 made by a ,committee ( tw5ty-sev5 ,engli% s*ol>s1 ^: "w 0 revis$ by an ,am]ican committee4 ,x 0 begun 9 #ahgj & f9i%$ 9 #ahhb4 ,9 ?is v]sion ! matt] is divid$ into p>agraphs in/ead ( *apt]s & v]ses4 ,d\ay4--,! ,d\ay ,bible is an ,engli% translation ( ! ,vulgate4 ,x is ! /&>d ,engli% v]sion ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,! =ego+ are b a few ( ! num]\s v]sions ( ! ,bible1 anci5t & mod]n1 t h appe>$4 ,ne>ly e nation ( ,europe has f "o to a score4 ,lu!r's v]sion is ne>ly #djj ye>s old1 & yet ,g]many _h sev5te5 translations1 & consequ5tly sev5te5 v]sions1 be=e ,lu!r's 0 publi%$4 ,engl& _h _m v]sions besides ^? nam$4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,au?or%ip ,,& ,,dates4 ,^u ! au!nticity ( ! books ( ! ,bible dep5ds 9 a l>ge measure _! value z au?orities4 ,^! books are fill$ ) /range & m>vel\s /ories4 ,are ^! /ories true or false8 ,if true1 we %\ld accept !m2 if false1 reject !m4 ,f :5ce d ^! writ+s come8 ,if y he> a />tl+ /atem5t on ! /reet y\r disposition to accept or reject x w dep5d l>gely ^u ! "* ( its au?or4 ,if he is a reputable p]son y w be dispos$ to accept x2 if x does n come f a reputable p]son1 or if y are unable to discov] its au?or1 y w be dispos$ to reject x4 ,*ri/ian prie/s dem& ! acceptance ( ^! books z infallible tru?4 ,:at evid5ce d !y adduce to ju/ify ?is dem&8 ,:]e did !y obta9 ^! books8 ,:5 7 !y writt58 ,:o wrote !m8 ,:at is ! reputation ( _! au?ors = intellig5ce & v]acity8 ,7 !y le>n$ & a/ute m51 or 7 !y weak & cr$ul\s m58 ,7 !y good m51 or 7 !y bad m58 ,if able m5 wrote !m1 may !y n h be5 impo/ors8 ,if good m5 wrote !m1 may !y n h be5 mi/ak58 ,^! prie/s claim to h a k ( ! au?or%ip ( all1 or ne>ly all1 ! books ( ! ,bible4 ,) "o or two exceptions1 !y h assign$ au?ors to all ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & to ^! exceptions !y h ev5 assign$ probable au?ors4 ,!y also claim a great antiquity = !m--claim t !y 7 writt5 f f\r hundr$ to fifte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 !y affirm1 7 all writt5 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 & by ^? ^: names !y be>4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! au?or%ip & date ( composition1 accord+ to or?odox au?orities1 ( ! books compos+ ! ,prote/ant canon4 ,x is n claim$ t e book 0 writt5 9 ! ye> assign$ = its composition1 b t x 0 writt5 9 or prior to ! ye> assign$4 ,old ,te/am5t4 ,,book ,,au?or ,,date ,g5esis ,moses ,b4,c4 #adea ,exodus 11 11 11 ,leviticus 11 11 11 ,numb]s 11 11 11 ,deut]onomy 11 11 11 ,jo%ua ,jo%ua 11 #adbf ,judges ,samuel 11 #ajdi ,ru? 11 787 11 11 #a ,samuel 11 11 11 #b ,samuel ,gad ,na?an ,b4,c4 #ajaf #a ,k+s ,j]emiah 11 #fjj #b ,k+s 11 11 11 #a ,*ronicles ,ezra 11 #def #b ,*ronicles 11 11 11 ,ezra 11 11 11 ,nehemiah ,nehemiah 11 #dcc ,e/h] ,mordecai 787 11 #ddj ,job ,job 11 #aebj ,psalms ,david 11 #ajbj ,prov]bs ,solomon 11 #ihj ,ecclesia/es 11 11 11 ,s4 ( ,solomon 11 11 #ajaf ,isaiah ,isaiah 11 #gjj ,j]emiah ,j]emiah 11 #ehe ,lam5tations 11 11 11 ,ezekiel ,ezekiel 11 #ege ,daniel ,daniel 11 #ecd ,hosea ,hosea 11 #ghj ,joel ,joel 11 #hjj ,amos ,amos 11 #ghe ,obadiah ,obadiah 11 #ehh ,jonah ,jonah 11 #hef ,micah ,micah 11 #gjj ,nahum ,nahum 11 #fih ,habakkuk ,habakkuk 11 #fjj ,zephaniah ,zephaniah 11 #fji ,haggai ,haggai 11 #ehc ,ze*>iah ,ze*>iah 11 #ebj ,mala*i ,mala*i 11 #dbj ,new ,te/am5t4 ,,book ,,au?or ,,date ,mat!w ,mat!w ,a4,d4 #dj ,m>k ,m>k 11 #fc ,luke ,luke 11 11 ,john ,john ,a4,d4 #ig ,acts ,luke 11 #fc ,romans ,paul 11 #eg #a ,cor9?ians 11 11 11 #b ,cor9?ians 11 11 11 ,galatians 11 11 #ee ,ephesians 11 11 #fb ,philippians 11 11 11 ,colossians 11 11 #fa #a ,!ssalonians 11 11 #eb #b ,!ssalonians 11 11 11 #a ,timo?y 11 11 #fd #b ,timo?y 11 11 #fe ,titus 11 11 11 ,philemon 11 11 #fa ,hebrews 11 11 #fb ,james ,james 11 11 #a ,pet] ,pet] 11 #fd #b ,pet] 11 11 11 #a ,john ,john 11 #fh #b ,john 11 11 11 #c ,john 11 11 #fi ,jude ,jude 11 #fd ,revelation ,john 11 #if ,! names & dates giv5 9 ! =ego+ table are1 ) a few exceptions1 p>ad$ z e/abli%$ facts4 ,& yet ! great] portion ( !m are m]e assumptions1 )\t ev5 ! %ad[ ( pro( ^u :i* to base !m4 ,_m ( !m are self-evid5tly false--are contradict$ by ! cont5ts ( ! books !mselves4 ,! au?or%ip ( at lea/ fifty books ( ! ,bible--?irty 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & tw5ty 9 ! ,new--is unkn[n4 ,^! books are n z old z claim$4 ,! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 in/ead ( hav+ be5 writt5 f #aebj to #dbj ,b4,c41 7 probably writt5 f #ajjj to #ajj ,b4,c4 ,! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 in/ead ( hav+ all be5 writt5 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 71 _m ( !m1 n writt5 until ! second c5tury4 ,9 reg>d to ?is subject1 ,pr(4 ,george ,t4 ,ladd ( ,yale ,college writes3 ,! au?or%ip & date ( mo/ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t writ+s1 & ( "s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 w nev] be kn[n ) c]ta9ty 7,:at ,is ! ,bible8 p4 #bid74 ,! foll[+ six *apt]s w be devot$ to an exam9ation ( ! "q ( ! au!nticity ( ! books ( ! ,bible4 ,i %all attempt to %[ t ! great] portion ( ^! books1 includ+ ! mo/ important ones1 are n au!ntic--7 n writt5 by ! au?ors claim$1 nor at ! "t claim$2 t !y are anonym\s docum5ts1 writt5 or compil$ = ! mo/ "p at a lat] age ?an t 9 :i* _! reput$ au?ors are suppos$ to h liv$4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,p5tateu*4 ,! fir/ five books ( ! ,bible1 ,g5esis1 ,exodus1 ,leviticus1 ,numb]s1 & ,deut]onomy--collectively call$ ! ,p5tateu*--are ! mo/ important books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ?ree great ,semitic religions1 ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity1 & ,mohamm$anism1 are all1 to a great ext5t1 bas$ ^u !m4 ,^! books1 or?odox ,*ri/ians affirm1 7 writt5 by ,moses at lea/ #a1dej ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,?is sacr$ code1 says ,dr4 ,adam ,cl>ke1 ,moses deliv]$ complete to ! ,hebrews sometime be=e 8 dea?4 ,9 mod]n v]sions ( ! ,bible1 ,g5esis is /yl$ ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,moses2 ,exodus1 ! ,second ,book ( ,moses2 ,leviticus1 ! ,?ird ,book ( ,moses2 ,numb]s1 ! ,f\r? ,book ( ,moses1 & ,deut]onomy1 ! ,fif? ,book ( ,moses4 ,_! v high au?ority re/s ^u ! suppos$ fact ( _! ,mosaic au?or%ip & great antiquity4 ,to disprove ^!--to %[ t ! ,p5tateu* 0 n writt5 by ,moses1 nor at ?is e>ly age1 b c5turies lat] by unkn[n writ]s--is to l>gely impair1 if n entirely de/roy1 its au?ority z a religi\s oracle4 ,& ?is is :at mod]n criticism has done4 ,argum5ts = ,mosaic ,au?or%ip4 ,! foll[+ passage is ! *ief argum5t reli$ ^u to prove ! ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ! ,p5tateu*3 ,& x came to pass1 t :5 ,moses _h made an end ( writ+ ! words ( ?is law 9 a book1 until !y 7 f9i%$1 t ,moses comm&$ ! ,levites1 :i* bore ! ark ( ! cov5ant ( ! ,"l1 say+1 ,take ?is book ( ! law1 & put x 9 ! side ( ! ark ( ! cov5ant ( ! ,"l y\r ,god1 t x may be !re = a witness aga9/ !e 7,deut4 xxxi1 #bd-bf74 ,?is 0 writt5 = a purpose4 ,its sequel appe>s 9 #b ,k+s4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,josiah1 ,hilkiah ! high prie/ discov]$ a book ( ! law 9 ! temple4 ,& ,hilkiah ! high prie/ said unto ,%aphan ! scribe1 ,i h f\nd ! book ( ! law 9 ! h\se ( ! ,"l 7#b ,k+s xxii1 #h74 ,?is book 0 ! book ( ,deut]onomy1 writt51 n 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 b 9 ! "t ( ,josiah1 m ?an eight c5turies lat]4 ,hilkiah ne$$ ! book & he f\nd x4 ,x 0 writt5 by him or = him4 ,holl&'s great critic1 ,dr4 ,ku551 says3 ,!re is no room to d\bt t ! book 0 writt5 ) a view to ! use t ,hilkiah made ( x 7,ku55's ,hexateu*1 p4 #bae74 ,dr4 ,oort1 ano!r able ,dut* s*ol>1 pr(essor ( ,ori5tal languages at ,am/]dam1 says3 ,! book 0 c]ta9ly writt5 ab\t ! "t ( its discov]y4 ,x is true t x introduces ,moses z utt]+ ! precepts & exhortations ( :i* x consi/s1 j be=e ! p ent] ,canaan4 ,b ?is is no m ?an a lit]>y fiction4 ,! position ( affairs assum$ ?r\gh\t ! book is t ( ,judah 9 ! "t ( ,josiah 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 ii1 p4 #cca74 ,9 support ( ?is unanim\s conclusion ( ! critics1 ,dr4 ,briggs pres5ts ! foll[+ long array ( irrefutable argum5ts3 ,! reasons = ! composition ( ,deut]onomy 9 ! "t ( ,josiah accord+ to ! lat] hypo!sis are3 7#a7 ,expressions :i* indicate a p]iod subsequ5t to ! ,conque/ 7ii1 #ab2 xix1 #ad72 7#b7 ! law ( ! k+1 :i* implies ! reign ( ,solomon 7xvii1 #ad-bj72 7#c7 ! "o supreme judicatory ( ! "t ( ,jeho%aphat 7xvii1 #h72 7#d7 ! "o c5tral alt> ( ! times ( ,hezekiah 7xii1 #e seq472 7#e7 ! return to ,egypt 9 %ips n conceivable be=e ! "t ( ,manasseh 7xxviii1 #fh72 7#f7 ! =ms ( idolatry ( ! middle p]iod ( ! mon>*y 7iv1 #ai2 xvii1 #c72 7#g7 no trace ( ,deut]onomy 9 writ+s prior to ,j]emiah2 7#h7 ! po9t ( view indicates an advanc$ /yle ( !ological reflection2 7#i7 ! prohibition ( ,mazzebah 7xvi1 #bb7 reg>d$ z lawful 9 ,isaiah 7xix1 #ai72 7#aj7 ! /yle implies a long developm5t ( ! art ( ,hebrew oratory1 & ! language is free f ar*aism1 & suits ! times prec$+ ,j]emiah2 7#aa7 ! doctr9e ( ! love ( ,god & 8 fai?fulness ) ! t]m ',yahweh ?y ,god' presuppose ! exp]i5ce ( ! prophet ,hosea2 7#ab7 ! humanit>ianism ( ,deut]onomy %[s an e?ical advance beyond ,amos & ,isaiah & prep>es ! way = ,j]emiah & ,ezekiel2 7#ac7 anci5t laws emb$d$ 9 ! code acc\nt = ! p5alties = _! infraction 9 #b ,k+s xxii2 7#ad7 anci5t laws ( w> are associat$ ) laws :i* imply ! w>s ( ! mon>*y1 & h be5 influ5c$ by ,amos 7,! ,hexateu*1 p4 #bfa74 ,no book _h be5 deposit$ 9 ! ark z ! writ] /at$4 ,at ! d$ication ( ,solomon's temple ! ark 0 op5$1 b x conta9$ no book4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 ! ark save ! two tables ( /one1 :i* ,moses put !re at ,horeb 7#a ,k+s viii1 #e-i74 ,9 ! ,p5tateu* x is also /at$ t ,moses1 at ! comm& ( ,god1 wrote c]ta9 cov5ants 7,ex4 xxxiv1 #bg71 record$ ! curse ( ,amalek 7,ex4 xvii1 #ad71 & made a li/ ( ! /ations betwe5 ! ,r$ ,sea & ! ,jordan 7,num4 xxxiii72 likewise t he wrote a song 7,deut4 xxxi1 #bb74 ,! absurdity ( adduc+ ^! to prove t ,moses wrote ! ,p5tateu* is ?us expos$ by ,briggs3 ,:5 ! au?or ( ! ,p5tateu* says t ,moses wrote "o or m codes ( law1 t he wrote a song1 t he record$ a c]ta9 memor&um1 x w\ld appe> t hav+ specifi$ su* ( 8 mat]ials z 7 writt5 by ,moses1 he w\ld h u inf] t ! o!r mat]ials came f o!r s\rces ( in=mation4 ,b x has be5 urg$ ! o!r way2 namely1 t1 because x is said t ,moses wrote ! codes ( ! cov5ant & ! ,deut]onomic code1 he also wrote all ! laws ( ! ,p5tateu*2 t because he wrote ! song ,deut4 xxxii1 he wrote all ! o!r pieces ( poetry 9 ! ,p5tateu*1 t because he record$ ! li/ ( /ations & ! memorial aga9/ ,amalek1 he record$ all ! o!r hi/orical ev5ts ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,x is probable t no "o w\ld s argue did he n suppose x 0 necess>y to ma9ta9 ! ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ! ,p5tateu* at e co/ 7,hexateu*1 pp4 #aj1 #aa74 ,aga91 x has be5 argu$ t ,*ri/ & "s ( ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t recognize ,moses z ! au?or ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,su* expressions z ! law ( ,moses1 ! book ( ,moses1 ,moses said1 etc41 occur a few times4 ,^! expressions are expla9$ & ?is argum5t answ]$ by ! foll[+3 #a4 ,x is n d5i$ by critics t ,moses 0 ! legislator ( ! ,jews & promulgat$ c]ta9 laws4 #b4 ,an anonym\s book is usually call$ aft] ! lead+ "* ( ! book4 #c4 ,at ?is "t ! traditional !ory ( ! ,mosaic au?or%ip 0 g5]ally accept$4 ,( ,*ri/'s m5tion ( ,moses1 ,dr4 ,davidson says3 ,! v5]able au?ority ( ,*ri/ himself has no prop] be>+ on ! "q4 ,argum5ts ,aga9/ ,mosaic ,au?or%ip4 ,t ! ,p5tateu* 0 n writt5 by ,moses1 t x is an anonym\s "w belong+ to a lat] age1 is cle>ly prov5 by ! foll[+3 #a4 ,!re is no pro( t ,moses ev] claim$ to be ! au?or ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,!re is no?+ 9 ! "w1 nei!r is !re any?+ outside ( x1 to indicate t he 0 its au?or4 #b4 ,! anci5t ,hebrews did n believe t he wrote x4 ,r5an says3 ,! op9ion :i* attributes ! composition ( ! ,p5tateu* to ,moses seems q mod]n2 x is v c]ta9 t ! anci5t ,hebrews nev] dream$ ( reg>d+ _! legislator z _! hi/orian4 ,! anci5t docum5ts appe>$ to !m absolutely imp]sonal1 & !y atta*$ to !m no au?or's "n 7,hi/ory ( ,semitic ,languages1 ,book ,,ii41 *apt] i74 #c4 ,! ,p5tateu* 0 writt5 9 ! ,hebrew language4 ,! ,hebrew ( ! ,bible did n exi/ 9 ! "t ( ,moses4 ,language is a gr[?4 ,x takes c5turies to develop x4 ,x took a ?\s& ye>s to develop ! ,engli% language4 ,! ,hebrew ( ! ,bible 0 n br\ght f ,egypt1 b grew 9 ,pale/9e4 ,ref]r+ to ?is language1 ,de ,wette says3 ,)\t d\bt x orig9at$ 9 ! l& ,canaan or 0 /ill fur!r develop$ !re9 aft] ! ,hebrew & o!r ,canaaniti% p _h migrat$ ?i!r f ! ,nor!rn c\ntry 7,old ,te/am5t1 ,"p ,,ii474 ,ges5ius says t ! ,hebrew language sc>cely ant$ates ! "t ( ,david4 #d4 ,n only is x true t ! ,hebrew language did n exi/1 b x is urg$ by critics t no writt5 language1 z we und]/& x1 exi/$ 9 ,we/]n ,asia 9 ! "t ( ,moses4 ,pr(4 ,&rew ,norton says3 ,= a long "t aft] ! suppos$ date ( ! ,p5tateu* we f9d no pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( a book or ev5 an inscription 9 prop] alphabetical *>act]s among ! nations by :om ! ,hebrews 7 surr\nd$ 7,! ,p5tateu*1 p4 #dd74 ,hi]oglyphics 7 !n 9 use1 & x is n to be suppos$ t a "w z l>ge z ! ,p5tateu* 0 writt5 or engrav$ 9 hi]oglyphics & c>ri$ ab\t by ?is w&]+ tribe ( ignorant ,israelites4 #e4 ,mu* ( ! ,p5tateu* is devot$ to ! hi/ory ( ,moses2 b except+ a few brief compositions attribut$ to him & quot$ by ! au?or he is always ref]r$ to 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,! ,p5tateu* conta9s a biography1 n an autobiography ( ,moses4 #f4 ,x conta9s an acc\nt ( ! dea? & burial ( ,moses :i* he c\ld n h writt53 ,s ,moses1 ! s]vant ( ! ,"l1 di$ !re 9 ! l& ( ,moab4444 ,& he buri$ him 9 a valley ( ! l& ( ,moab 7,deut4 xxxiv1 #e1 #f74 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel wept = ,moses 9 ! pla9s ( ,moab ?irty days 7#h74 ,or?odox comm5tators attempt to remove ?is difficulty by suppos+ t ! la/ *apt] ( ,deut]onomy belongs to ! book ( ,jo%ua1 & t ,jo%ua record$ ! dea? ( ,moses4 ,! same writ]1 ref]r+ to ! appo9tm5t ( ,jo%ua z ! successor ( ,moses1 says3 ,& ,jo%ua ! son ( ,nun 0 full ( ! _s ( wisdom 7,deut4 xxxiv1 #i74 ,if ,jo%ua wrote ?is1 h[ev] full ( ! _s ( wisdom he may h be51 he c]ta9ly 0 n full ( ! _s ( mode/y4 ,jo%ua did n write ?is *apt]4 #g4 ,no man kn[e? ( 8 ,moses' sepul*re unto ?is day 7,deut4 xxxiv1 #f74 ,t ! au?or%ip ( ?is *apt] %\ld ev] h be5 attribut$ to ei!r ,moses or ,jo%ua is incompreh5sible4 ,! language pla9ly %[s t n m]ely "o b _m g5]ations _h elaps$ betwe5 ! "t ( ,moses & ! "t t x 0 writt54 #h4 ,:ile ! advocates ( ! ,mosaic au?or%ip h1 )\t pro(1 ass]t$ t ,jo%ua wrote ! book ( ,jo%ua & ! conclusion ( ,deut]onomy1 ! ,high] ,critics h demon/rat$ ! common au?or%ip ( ,deut]onomy & a l>ge portion ( ,jo%ua4 ,z all ! ev5ts record$ 9 ,jo%ua occurr$ aft] ! dea? ( ,moses1 he c\ld n h be5 ! au?or ( ,deut]onomy4 #i4 ,!y ! ,israelites did eat manna until !y came unto ! bord]s ( ,canaan 7,ex4 xvi1 #ce74 ,?is passage 0 writt5 aft] ! ,israelites settl$ 9 ,canaan & ceas$ to subsi/ on manna4 ,& ?is 0 n until aft] ! dea? ( ,moses4 #aj4 ,! ,horims also dwelt 9 ,seir be=etime2 b ! *ildr5 ( ,esau succe$$ !m1 :5 !y _h de/roy$ !m f be=e !m1 & dwelt 9 _! /ead2 z ,israel did unto ! l& ( 8 possession1 :i* ! ,"l gave unto !m 7,deut4 ii1 #ab74 ,?is ref]s to ! conque/ ( ,canaan & 0 writt5 aft] t ev5t4 #aa4 ,& :ile ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 9 ! wild]ness !y f\nd a man t ga!r$ /icks ^u ! ,sabba? day 7,num4 xv1 #cb74 ,:5 ?is 0 writt5 ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7 no long] 9 ! wild]ness4 ,_! soj\rn !re is ref]r$ to z a pa/ ev5t4 ,z ,moses di$ :ile !y 7 /ill 9 ! wild]ness--t is1 be=e !y _h ent]$ ! promis$ l&--x c\ld n h be5 writt5 by him4 #ab4 ,?\ %alt eat x )9 ?y gates 7,deut4 xv1 #bb74 ,! phrase1 )9 ?y gates1 occurs 9 ! ,p5tateu* ab\t tw5ty-five times4 ,x ref]s to ! gates ( ! cities ( ! ,israelites1 :i* !y did n inhabit until aft] ! dea? ( ,moses4 #ac4 ,ye %all !re=e keep my /atutes & my judgm5ts1 444 t ! l& spew n y out also1 :5 ye defile x1 z x spew$ out ! nations t 7 be=e y 7,lev4 xviii1 #bf1 #bh74 ,:5 ,moses di$ ! nations allud$ to /ill occupi$ ! l& & _h n be5 expell$4 #ad4 ,& ,abraham call$ ! "n ( ! place ,jehovah-jireh3 z x is said to ?is day1 ,9 ! m\nt ( ! ,"l x %all be se5 7,g54 xxii1 #ad74 ,?is is "o ( ! passages adduc$ by ! critics ( ! sev5te5? c5tury aga9/ ! ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ^! books4 ,x implies ! conque/ & a long occupancy ( ! l& by ! ,israelites4 #ae4 ,& ,s>ah di$ 9 ,kirja?-arba2 ! same is ,hebron 9 ! l& ( ,canaan 7,g54 xxiii1 #b74 ,& ,jacob came 444 unto ! city ( ,arbah1 :i* is ,hebron 7xxxv1 #bg74 ,moses' uncle 0 nam$ ,hebron1 & f him ! ,hebronites 7 desc5d$4 ,aft] ! ,conque/ ?is family settl$ 9 ,kirja?-arba & *ang$ ! "n ( ! city to ,hebron4 #af4 ,& ,ra*el di$ & 0 buri$ 9 ! way to ,ephra?1 :i* is ,be?lehem 7,g54 xxxv1 #ai74 ,! ,hebrew "n ( ,be?lehem 0 n giv5 to ?is city until aft] ! ,israelites _h conqu]$ & occupi$ x4 #ag4 ,= only ,og1 k+ ( ,ba%an1 rema9$ ( ! remnant ( giants2 behold1 8 b$/ead 0 a b$/ead ( iron2 is x n 9 ,rabba? ( ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon8 7,deut4 iii1 #aa47 ,?is is ano!r passage reli$ ^u by ! e>ly critics to disprove ! ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,! writ]'s ref]5ce to ! b$/ead ( ,og1 :i* 0 /ill pres]v$ z a relic at ,rabba?1 indicates a "t long subsequ5t to ! conque/ ( ,ba%an4 #ah4 ,?\ %alt n remove ?y neighbor's l&m>k1 :i* !y ( old "t h set 9 ?9e inh]itance 7,deut4 xix1 #ad74 ,?is ref]s to ! anci5t l&m>ks set by ! ,israelites :5 !y obta9$ possession ( ,canaan1 & 0 writt5 c5turies aft] t "t4 #ai4 ,& ,jair ! son ( ,manasseh w5t & took ! small t[ns !re(1 & call$ !m ,havo?-jair 7,num4 xxxii1 #da74 ,! above is evid5tly a mis/atem5t ( an ev5t record$ 9 ,judges3 ,& aft] him ,tola arose ,jair1 a ,gileadite1 & judg$ ,israel tw5ty & two ye>s4 ,& he _h ?irty sons1 444 & !y _h ?irty cities1 :i* are call$ ,havo?-jair unto ?is day 7,jud4 x1 #c1 #d74 ,jair 0 judge ( ,israel f #abaj to #aahh b4c41 or f #bda to #bfc ye>s aft] ! date assign$ = ! writ+ ( ! ,p5tateu*4 #bj4 ,& ,nobah w5t & took ,k5a?1 & ! villages !re(1 & call$ x ,nobah1 aft] 8 own "n 7,num4 xxxii1 #db74 ,ref]r+ to ?is & ! prec$+ passage1 ,dr4 ,oort says3 ,x is c]ta9 t ,jair1 ! ,gileadite1 ! conqu]or ( ,ba%an1 aft] :om ?irty places 7 call$ ,jair's villages1 liv$ 9 ! "t ( ! ,judges1 & t a "p ( ,ba%an 0 conqu]$ at a /ill lat] p]iod by a c]ta9 ,nobah 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 i1 p4 #cbi74 #ba4 ,jair ! son ( ,manasseh took all ! c\ntry ( ,argob unto ! coa/s ( ,ge%uri & ,maa*a?i2 & call$ !m aft] 8 own "n1 ,ba%an-havo?-jair1 unto ?is day 7,deut4 iii1 #ad74 ,ev5 if ,jair _h liv$ 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 ! phrase unto ?is day %[s t x 0 writt5 long aft] ! ev5t describ$4 #bb4 ,& :5 ,abram he>d t 8 bro!r 0 tak5 captive1 he arm$ 8 tra9$ s]vants1 born 9 8 own h\se1 ?ree hundr$ & eighte51 & pursu$ !m unto ,dan 7,g54 xiv1 #ad74 ,?is passage c\ld n h be5 writt5 be=e ,dan exi/$4 ,9 ,judges 7xviii1 #bf-bi7 ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ?is place is giv53 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,dan w5t _! way2 444 & came unto ,lai%1 unto a p t 7 at quiet & secure2 & !y smote !m ) ! edge ( ! sword1 & burnt ! city ) fire4444 ,& !y built a city1 & dwelt !re94 ,& !y call$ ! "n ( ! city ,dan4 ,?is is plac$ aft] ! dea? ( ,samson1 & ,samson di$1 accord+ to ,bible *ronology1 #aabj ,b4,c4--#cca ye>s aft] ,moses di$4 #bc4 ,& ^! are ! k+s t reign$ 9 ! l& ( ,edom be=e !re reign$ any k+ ov] ! *ildr5 ( ,israel 7,g54 xxxvi1 #ca74 ,?is c\ld n h be5 writt5 be=e ! k+dom ( ,israel 0 e/abli%$2 = ! writ] is famili> ) ! fact t k+s h reign$ 9 ,israel4 ,saul1 ! fir/ k+ ( ,israel1 began to reign #cef ye>s aft] ,moses4 #bd4 ,& 8 ,israel's k+ %all be high] ?an ,agag 7,num4 xxiv1 #g74 ,?is ref]s to ,saul's defeat ( ,agag4 ,& he ,saul took ,agag ! k+ ( ! ,amalekites alive1 & utt]ly de/roy$ all ! p ) ! edge ( ! sword 7#a ,sam4 xv1 #h74 ,! defeat ( ,agag is plac$ 9 #ajfg ,b4,c41 #chd ye>s aft] ,moses4 #be4 ,! sceptre %all n dep>t f ,judah1 444 until ,%iloh come 7,g54 xlix1 #aj74 ,^! words are ascrib$ to ,jacob2 b !y c\ld n h be5 writt5 be=e ,judah receiv$ ! sceptre1 :i* 0 n until ,david asc5d$ ! ?rone1 #cif ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,moses4 #bf4 ,& ! ,canaanite 0 !n 9 ! l& 7,g54 xii1 #f74 ,:5 ?is 0 writt5 ! ,canaanite _h ceas$ to be an inhabitant ( ,pale/9e4 ,z a remnant ( ! ,canaanites inhabit$ ?is c\ntry up to ! "t ( ,david1 x c\ld n h be5 writt5 prior to 8 "t4 #bg4 ,! ,canaanite & ! ,p]izzite dwelt !n 9 ! l& 7,g54 xiii1 #g74 ,?is1 l ! prec$+ passage1 c\ld n h be5 writt5 be=e ! "t ( ,david4 ,! ,p]izzites1 also1 inhabit$ ,pale/9e = a long p]iod aft] ! conque/4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,judges ! *ildr5 ( ,israel dwelt among ! 444 ,p]izzites 7,jud4 iii1 #e74 #bh4 ,! fir/ ( ! fir/ fruits ( ?y l& ?\ %alt br+ into ! h\se ( ! ,"l ?y ,god 7,ex4 xxiii1 #ai74 ,?is 0 n writt5 be=e ! "t ( ,solomon2 = ,god _h no h\se prior to ! erection ( ! temple1 #ajjd ,b4,c41 #ddg ye>s aft] ,moses4 ,:5 ,david propos$ to build him a h\se1 he =bade x & said3 ,i h n dwelt 9 any h\se s9ce ! "t t ,i br\ght up ! *ildr5 ( ,israel out ( ,egypt1 ev5 to ?is day1 b h walk$ 9 a t5t & 9 a tab]nacle 7#b ,sam4 vii1 #f74 ,! tab]nacle itself 0 a t5t 7,t5t ( ,meet+74 ,dur+ all ?is "t no h\se 0 ev] us$ z a sanctu>y4 #bi4 ,"o f among ! bre?r5 %alt ?\ set k+ ov] !e4444 ,b he %all n multiply horses to himself1 nor cause ! p to return to ,egypt1 to ! end t he %\ld multiply horses4444 ,nei!r %all he multiply wives to himself1 t 8 he>t turn n away2 nei!r %all he greatly multiply to himself silv] & gold 7,deut4 xvii1 #ae-ag74 ,& ,solomon _h =ty ?\s& /alls ( horses 7#a ,k+s iv1 #bf74 ,& ,solomon _h horses br\ght out ( ,egypt 7x1 #bh74 ,& he _h sev5 hundr$ wives1 pr9cesses1 & ?ree hundr$ concub9es3 & 8 wives turn$ away 8 he>t 7xi1 #c74 ,! weight ( gold t came to ,solomon 9 "o ye> 0 six hundr$ ?ree score & six tal5ts ( gold 7x1 #ad74 ,& ! k+ made silv] to be 9 ,j]usalem z /ones 7#bg74 ,no?+ c be pla9] ?an t ?is /atute 9 ,deut]onomy 0 writt5 aft] ,solomon's reign4 ,! extravagance & debau*]ies ( ?is mon>* _h greatly impov]i%$ & corrupt$ ! k+dom1 & to prev5t a recurr5ce ( su* excesses ?is law 0 enact$4 #cj4 ,if !re arise a matt] too h>d = !e 9 judgm5t1 444 ?\ %alt come unto ! prie/s ! ,levites1 & unto ! judge t %all be 9 ^? days1 & enquire2 & !y %all %[ !e ! s5t5ce ( judgm5t 7,deut4 xvii1 #h1 #i74 ,?is c\rt 0 e/abli%$ by ,jeho%aphat 7#b ,*ron4 xix1 #h-aa74 ,jeho%aphat comm5c$ 8 reign #iad ,b4,c41 #ecg ye>s aft] ,moses4 #ca4 ,b 9 ! place :i* ! ,"l %all *oose 9 "o ( ?y tribes1 !re ?\ %alt (f] ?y burnt (f]+s1 & !re %alt ?\ d all t ,i comm& !e 7,deut4 xii1 #ad74 ,is x n he ! ,"l ^: high places & ^: alt>s ,hezekiah ha? tak5 away1 & said to ,judah & ,j]usalem1 ,ye %all wor%ip be=e ?is alt>8 7,is4 xxxvi1 #g74 ,up to ! "t ( ,hezekiah ! ,hebrews wor%ip$ at _m alt>s4 ,hezekiah remov$ ^! alt>s & e/abli%$ ! "o c5tral alt> at ,j]usalem4 ,?is 0 9 #gbf ,b4,c4--#gbe ye>s aft] ,moses4 #cb4 ,& ! ,"l %all br+ !e into ,egypt aga9 ) %ips 7,deut4 xxviii1 #fh74 ,?is1 critics affirm1 0 writt5 :5 ,psameticus 0 k+ ( ,egypt4 ,he reign$ f #ffc to #fji ,b4,c4 #cc4 ,nei!r %alt ?\ set !e up any image pill> 7,deut4 xvi1 #bb74 ,?is proves ! late orig9 ( ! ,p5tateu*1 or at lea/ ( ,deut]onomy4 ,isaiah 7xix1 #ai7 in/ructs !m to d ! v ?+ :i* !y are "h =bidd5 to d1 & z he w\ld n h advis$ a violation ( ! law x is evid5t t ?is /atute c\ld n h exi/$ 9 8 "t4 ,isaiah di$ ab\t #gej ye>s aft] ,moses di$4 #cd4 ,! wor%ip ( ! sun1 moon1 & />s by ! ,jews1 is m5tion$ & condemn$ 7,deut4 iv1 #ai2 xvii1 #c74 ,?is nature wor%ip 0 adopt$ by !m 9 ! reign ( ,manasseh1 #hjj ye>s aft] ,moses4 #ce4 ,:]e=e x is said 9 ! book ( ! ,w>s ( ! ,"l1 :at he did 9 ! ,r$ ,sea1 & 9 ! brooks ( ,arnon 7,num4 xxi1 #ad74 ,! au?or ( ! ,p5tateu* "h cites a book old] ?an ! ,p5tateu*1 :i* gives an acc\nt ( ! j\rney+s ( ! ,israelites f ,egypt to ,moab--f ! ,exodus to ! end ( ,moses' c>e]4 #cf4 ,& ?\ %alt write ^u ! /ones all ! words ( ?is law v pla9ly 7,deut4 xxvii1 #h74 ,& he ,jo%ua wrote !re ^u ! /ones a copy ( ! law ( ,moses 7,jo%4 viii1 #cb74 ,*ri/ians affirm t ! ,law ( ,moses & ! ,p5tateu* are "o4 ,t ?is ,law ( ,moses 0 n ! "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& words ( ! ,p5tateu* is %[n by ! fact t aft] ! dea? ( ,moses x 0 all engrav$ ^u a /one alt>4 #cg4 ,n[ ! man ,moses 0 v meek1 above all ! m5 :i* 7 ^u ! face ( ! e>? 7,num4 xii1 #c74 ,no writ] w\ld be/[ su* fulsome praise ^u himself4 ,?is 0 writt5 by a dev\t admir] ( ,moses1 b x 0 n writt5 by ,moses4 #ch4 ,& ?is is ! bless+ :]e) ,moses ! man ( ,god bless$ ! *ildr5 ( ,israel be=e 8 dea? 7,deut4 xxxiii1 #a74 ,!re are ?ree reasons = reject+ ! ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ?is3 ,moses is spok5 ( 9 laudatory t]ms2 he is spok5 ( 9 ! ?ird p]son2 8 dea? is ref]r$ to z an ev5t t is already pa/4 #ci4 ,& !re arose n a prophet s9ce 9 ,israel l unto ,moses 7,deut4 xxxiv1 #aj74 ,n only is ! highe/ praise be/[$ ^u ,moses1 a ?+ :i* he w\ld n h done1 b ! language cle>ly %[s t x 0 writt5 c5turies aft] ! "t he liv$4 #dj4 ,! religi\s hi/ory ( ! ,hebrews embraces ?ree p]iods ( "t1 ea* cov]+ c5turies4 ,dur+ ! fir/ p]iod ! wor%ip ( ,jehovah 0 conf9$ to no p>ticul> place2 dur+ ! second x 0 conf9$ to ! holy city1 ,j]usalem2 dur+ ! ?ird x 0 conf9$1 n m]ely to ,j]usalem1 b to ! temple itself4 ,!re are writ+s 9 ! ,p5tateu* belong+ to ea* ( ^! p]iods4 ,! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica decl>es t ?is fact alone af=ds ov]:elm+ dispro( ( ,mosaic au?or%ip4 #da4 ,! religion ( ! ,p5tateu* 0 n a revelation1 b an evolution4 ,! prie/ly (fices1 ! fea/s1 ! sacrifices1 & o!r religi\s obs]vances und]w5t _m *anges1 ^! *anges repres5t+ diff]5t /ages ( developm5t 9 ,israel's religion & requir+ c5turies ( "t to effect4 #db4 ,! legislation ( ! ,p5tateu* 0 also ! gr[? ( c5turies4 ,"s ( ! m9or codes are mu* old] ?an ! docum5ts conta9+ !m4 ,!re is legislation old] ?an ,david1 #ajee ,b4,c4--probably z old z ,moses1 #adea ,b4,c4 ,!re is legislation belong+ to ! "t ( ,josiah1 #fbf ,b4,c41 ( ,ezekiel1 #ege ,b4,c41 ( ,ezra1 #def ,b4,c4 ,w\ld x n be absurd to claim t all ! laws ( ,engl& f ,alfr$ to ,victoria 7 ! "w ( "o m9d1 ,alfr$8 ,& is x less absurd to claim t all ! laws ( ! ,jews f ,moses to ,ezra 7 in/itut$ by ,moses8 #dc4 ,! ,p5tateu* ab\nds ) repetitions & contradictions4 ,! fir/ two *apt]s ( ,g5esis conta9 two acc\nts ( ! ,creation diff]+ 9 e important p>ticul>4 ,9 ! six?1 sev5?1 & eigh? *apt]s ( ,g5esis two diff]5t & contradictory acc\nts ( ! ,deluge are int]m+l$4 ,exodus & ,deut]onomy ea* conta9 a copy ( ! ,decalogue1 ! two diff]+ z to ! reason assign$ = ! in/itution ( ! ,sabba?4 ,!re are sev]al diff]5t v]sions ( ! call ( ,abraham2 diff]5t & conflict+ /ories ( ! ,egyptian plagues2 contradictory acc\nts ( ! conque/ ( ,canaan4 ,! ,"w ( ,v>i\s ,au?ors & ,compil]s4 #dd4 ,! f\r prec$+ argum5ts sugge/ ! conclud+ & mo/ important "o4 ,! "* ( ! writ+s ( ! ,p5tateu* preclude ! possibility ( unity ( au?or%ip1 & consequ5tly ! ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ! "w z a :ole4 ,! books ( ! ,p5tateu* 7 n all compos$ by "o au?or4 ,! book ( ,g5esis is n ! "w ( "o au?or4 ,! fir/ two *apt]s ( ,g5esis 7 n writt5 by ! same writ]4 ,! ,p5tateu* 0 writt5 by v>i\s writ]s & at v>i\s times4 ,! ,p5tateu* comprises f\r l>ge docum5ts kn[n z ! ,elohi/ic & ,jehovi/ic docum5ts1 & ! ,deut]onomic & ,prie/ly ,codes4 ,!y are di/+ui%$ by ! initial lett]s ,e1 ,j1 ,d1 & ,p4 ,e & ,j include ! great] portion ( ,g5esis & ext5d ?r\gh ! o!r books ( ! ,p5tateu*1 z well z ?r\gh ,jo%ua1 ,judges1 ,samuel1 & ,k+s4 ,d includes ! great] portion ( ,deut]onomy1 fragm5ts ( ! prec$+ books1 & a l>ge portion ( ,jo%ua4 ,p includes ! great] portion ( ! middle books ( ! ,p5tateu* & small] portions ( ! o!r books4 ,! au?or ( ea* ( ^! docum5ts incorporat$ into 8 "w "o or m old] docum5ts4 ,^! f\r works 7 aft]w>ds unit$ by successive editors or r$actors4 ,e & ,j 7 fir/ fus$ into "o4 ,a subsequ5t r$actor unit$ ,d ) ?is1 & /ill lat] ano!r unit$ ?is compilation ) ,p4 ,9 addition to ^! pr9cipal docum5ts !re are sev]al m9or codes1 *ief ( :i* is ! ,hol9ess ,code compris+ t5 *apt]s ( ,leviticus1 xvii-xxvi4 ,!re are also sev]al poems writt5 by v>i\s au?ors4 ,?us ! ,p5tateu* in/ead ( be+ ! product ( "o m9d is ! "w ( _m writ]s & compil]s1 probably tw5ty or m4 ,^! docum5ts1 especially ! pr9cipal ones1 not)/&+ ! int]m+l+ ( _! cont5ts1 are easily di/+ui%$ & sep>at$ f ea* o!r by ,bible critics4 ,! ?\ghts ( ! human m9d1 l ! features ( ! human face1 controll$ by ! law ( v>iation1 assume diff]5t =ms4 ,we :o are famili> ) faces h no difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ "o face f ano!r4 ,no two faces are alike4 ,critics :o h devot$ _! lives to lit]ature c di/+ui% ! writ+s ( individuals almo/ z readily z we di/+ui% ! faces ( individuals4 ,!re are c]ta9 idioms ( language1 c]ta9 peculi>ities ( /yle1 belong+ to ea* writ]4 ,! language & /yle ( ^! docum5ts are q dissimil>4 ,to quote ,dr4 ,briggs3 ,!re is z great a diff]5ce 9 /yle betwe5 ! docum5ts ( ! ,hexateu* z !re is betwe5 ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,! pr9cipal docum5ts are ?us describ$ by ?is critic3 ,e is brief1 t]se1 & ar*aic2 graphic1 pla/ic1 & reali/ic2 writt5 9 ! !ocratic int]e/ ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,j is poetical & descriptive1 ! be/ n>rative 9 ! ,bible1 giv+ u ! hi/ory ( ! k+dom ( r$emption4 ,d is rhetorical & hortatory1 practical & e>ne/1 writt5 9 ! m !ological int]e/ ( ! tra9+ ( ! nation 9 ! fa!rly in/ruction ( ,god4 ,p is annali/ic & diffuse1 fond ( names & dates1 writt5 9 ! int]e/ ( ! prie/ly ord]1 & emphasiz+ ! sov]eignty ( ! ,holy ,god & ! sanctity ( ! div9e in/itutions 7,hexateu*1 p4 #bfe74 ,ea* docum5t ab\nds ) *>act]i/ic words & phrases peculi> to t docum5t4 ,holz+] notes #ajh belong+ to ,e & #abe belong+ to ,j4 ,canon ,driv] gives #da belong+ to ,d & #ej belong+ to ,p4 ,"o ( ! *ief di/+ui%+ m>ks is ! t]m us$ to designate ! ,deity4 ,9 ,e x is ,elohim1 translat$ ,god2 9 ,j1 ,jehovah 7,yahveh7 ,elohim1 translat$ ,"l ,god4 ,9 ,d ! writ] cont9ually uses ! phrase ,! ,"l ?y ,god1 ?is phrase occurr+ m ?an #bjj times4 ,i am ,jehovah is a phrase us$ by ,p1 includ+ ! ,hol9ess ,code1 #gj times4 ,x is nev] us$ by ,e or ,d4 ,god ( ! ,fa!rs is frequ5tly us$ by ,e & ,d2 nev] by ,p4 ,bi%op ,col5so's analysis ( ,g5esis is z foll[s3 ,elohi/1 #ccf v]ses2 ,jehovi/1 #a1jeb v]ses2 ,deut]onomi/1 #ci v]ses2 ,prie/ly writ]1 #ajf v]ses4 ,! ,p5tateu* 0 *iefly writt5 & compil$ f sev5 to t5 c5turies aft] ! "t claim$4 ,! ,elohi/ic & ,jehovi/ic docum5ts1 ! olde/ ( ! f\r1 7 writt5 at lea/ #cjj ye>s aft] ! "t ( ,david & #gjj ye>s aft] ! "t ( ,moses4 ,!y 7 probably writt5 at ab\t ! same "t4 ,e belongs to ! ,nor!rn ,k+dom ( ,israel1 ,j to ! ,s\!rn ,k+dom ( ,judah4 ,! unanim\s v]dict ( critics is t ,deut]onomy 0 writt5 dur+ ! reign ( ,josiah1 ab\t #fbf ,b4,c41 #hbe ye>s aft] ,moses di$4 ,! ,hol9ess ,code belongs to ! age ( ,ezekiel1 ab\t fifty ye>s lat]4 ,! ,prie/ly ,code 0 writt5 aft] ! ,exile1 9 ! "t ( ,ezra1 #a1jjj ye>s aft] ,moses4 ,important *anges & additions 7 made z late z ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c41 s t1 except+ ! v>iations & int]polations ( lat] times1 ! ,p5tateu* 9 some?+ l its pres5t =m appe>$ ab\t #a1bjj ye>s aft] ! "t ( ,moses4 ,! high] ,criticism--,its ,triumph & ,its ,consequ5ces4 ,! c]ta9ty & ! consequ5ces ( ! ,high] ,criticism ( ! ,p5tateu* are ?us express$ by ,hupfeld3 ,! discov]y t ! ,p5tateu* is put toge!r out ( v>i\s s\rces1 or orig9al docum5ts1 is beyond all d\bt n only "o ( ! mo/ important & mo/ pregnant ) consequ5ces = ! int]pretation ( ! hi/orical books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 or r = ! :ole ( !ology & hi/ory1 b x is also "o ( ! mo/ c]ta9 discov]ies :i* h be5 made 9 ! doma9 ( criticism & ! hi/ory ( lit]ature4 ,:atev] ! anti-critical p>ty may br+ =w>d to ! contr>y1 x w ma9ta9 itself1 & n retrograde aga9 ?r\gh any?+1 s long z !re exi/s su* a ?+ z criticism1 & x w n be easy = a read] ^u ! /age ( culture on :i* we /& 9 ! pres5t day1 if he goes to ! exam9ation unprejudic$1 & ) an uncorrupt$ p[] ( appreciat+ ! tru?1 to be able to w>d (f its influ5ce4 ,! critical labors ( ,hobbes1 ,sp9oza1 ,peyr]ius1 ,simon1 ,a/ruc1 ,ei*orn1 ,pa9e1 ,bau]1 7,g4 ,l47 ,de ,wette1 ,ewald1 ,g$des1 ,vat]1 ,reuss1 ,graf1 ,davidson1 ,col5so1 ,hupfeld1 ,wellhaus51 ,ku551 ,briggs1 & o!rs1 h ov]?r[n ! old notions conc]n+ ! au!nticity ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,!re is n "o em95t ,bible s*ol> 9 ,europe1 & sc>cely "o 9 ,am]ica1 :o any long] cont5ds t ,moses wrote ?is "w4 ,! pione]s 9 ! field ( ! ,high] ,criticism 7 ! ,rationali/s ,hobbes & ,sp9oza & ! ,ca?olics ,peyr]ius1 ,simon1 & ,a/ruc4 ,m ?an two hundr$ ye>s ago ,b5$ict ,sp9oza1 ! greate/ ( mod]n ,jews1 ) 8 own race & ! entire ,*ri/ian *ur* aga9/ him1 made ?is decl>ation1 :i* ! s*ol>%ip ( ! :ole _w n[ accepts3 ,x is z cle> z ! noonday light t ! ,p5tateu* 0 n writt5 by ,moses 7,tractatus ,!ologico-,politicus1 ,*ap1 viii1 ,sec4 #bj74 ,a c5tury pass$1 & ,?omas ,pa9e 9 ,france1 9 ! mo/ pot5t volume ( ,high] ,criticism ev] p5n$1 expos$ 9 all _! nak$ness ! wret*$ claims ( ! traditionali/s4 ,he read ! ,p5tateu* & wrote3 ,^? books are spuri\s4 ,moses is n ! au?or ( !m4 ,! /yle & mann] 9 :i* ^? books are writt5 give no room to believe1 or ev5 to suppose1 !y 7 writt5 by ,moses4 ,!y 7 n writt5 9 ! "t ( ,moses1 nor till sev]al hundr$ ye>s aft]w>ds 7,age ( ,reason74 ,ab\t ! same "t ,g]man s*ol>s1 ev] =emo/ 9 ! doma9 ( critical analysis1 took up ! "w4 ,! writ+s ( ,ei*orn1 ,bau]1 ,vat]1 & ,de ,wette1 swept ! field 9 ,g]many4 ,de ,wette1 "o ( h] greate/ !ologians1 ?us pres5ts ! conclusion ( ,g]man critics3 ,! op9ion t ,moses compos$ ^! books is n only oppos$ by all ! signs ( a lat] date :i* occur 9 ! "w itself1 b also by ! entire analogy ( ! hi/ory ( ,hebrew lit]ature & language 7,books ( ,moses1 ,sec4 #afc74 ,fifty ye>s or m elaps$ & ,davidson & ,col5so /udi$ & wrote1 & ,briti% s*ol>%ip 0 soon array$ aga9/ ! old 9 favor ( ! new4 ,dr4 ,davidson1 9 ! foll[+ words1 voices ! op9ion ( ,engl&'s le>n$3 ,!re is little ext]nal evid5ce = ! ,mosaic au?or%ip1 & :at little !re is does n /& ! te/ ( criticism4 ,! succe$+ writ]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t d n confirm x4444 ,! objections d]iv$ f int]nal /ructure are conclusive aga9/ ! ,mosaic au?or%ip 7,introduction to ! ,old ,te/am5t74 ,at la/1 9 our own l& & 9 our own "t1 ,dr4 ,briggs & o!rs attack ! ,mosaic !ories1 &1 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( ,pr9ceton's fossils1 ! intellig5ce ( ,am]ica ackn[l$ges ! =ce ( _! reason+ & accepts _! conclusions4 ,! ,high] ,criticism has triumph$4 ,sp9oza's judgm5t is confirm$1 & ! ,am]ican critic pron\nces ! v]dict ( ! intellectual _w3 ,9 ! field ( s*ol>%ip ! "q is settl$4 ,x only rema9s = ! m9i/ry & p to accept x & adapt !mselves to x 7,hexateu*1 p4 #add74 ,b ?is is n ! end4 ,a victory has be5 a*iev$1 b its full results rema9 to be realiz$4 ,! cl]gy1 aga9/ _! w1 & ! laity1 :o are subs]vi5t to ! cl]gy's w1 are yet to be enlight5$ & conv9c$4 ,ev5 !n1 :5 ! facts disclos$ by ! ,high] ,criticism h ga9$ popul> acceptance1 ano!r task rema9s--! task ( %[+ m5 ! real significance ( ^! facts4 ,! critics !mselves1 _m ( !m1 d n seem to realize ! consequ5ces ( _! "w4 ,! ,rationali/ic critics1 l ,hobbes1 ,sp9oza1 ,pa9e1 ,reuss1 ,wellhaus51 ,ku55 & o!rs1 h measur$ ! consequ5ces ( _! criticisms & accept$ !m4 ,! or?odox critics h n4 ,"s ( !m1 l ,dr4 ,briggs1 :ile d5y+ ! ,mosaic au?or%ip & great antiquity ( ! ,p5tateu*1 :ile ma9ta9+ its anonym\s & fragm5t>y "*1 & conc$+ its contradictions & errors1 are yet loa? to reject its div9ity & au?ority4 ,b ^! also mu/ be giv5 up4 ,?is "w z a div9e revelation & au!ntic record mu/ g4 ,its *ief !ological doctr9e1 ! ,fall ( ,man1 is a my?4 ,) ?is doctr9e falls ! ,atonem5t1 & ) ! ,atonem5t or?odox ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is is ! logical sequ5ce ( ! ,high] ,criticism ( ! ,p5tateu*4 ,to ^! critics1 & to all :o are intellig5t en\gh to disc]n ! tru? & c\rage\s en\gh to meet x1 ,i w\ld repeat & press home ! admonition ( our critic1 to accept x & adapt !mselves to x4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,prophets4 ,next to ! ,p5tateu*1 ! mo/ important books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are ! ,prophets4 ,!y are divid$ into two divisions1 ,e>li] & ,lat]4 ,! ,e>li] prophets comprise ,jo%ua1 ,judges1 ,fir/ ,samuel1 ,second ,samuel1 ,fir/ ,k+s1 & ,second ,k+s4 ,! ,lat] ,prophets are divid$ into ,great] & ,m9or4 ,! ,great] ,prophets are ,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 & ,ezekiel2 ! ,m9or ,prophets1 ,hosea1 ,joel1 ,amos1 ,obadiah1 ,jonah1 ,micah1 ,nahum1 ,habakkuk1 ,zephaniah1 ,haggai1 ,ze*>iah1 & ,mala*i4 ,jo%ua4 ,! book ( ,jo%ua1 x is claim$1 0 writt5 by ,jo%ua j be=e 8 dea?1 :i* occurr$1 accord+ to ! accept$ *ronology1 9 #adbf ,b4,c4 ,?is book = a "t =m$ a "p ( ! ,p5tateu* 7or ,hexateu*74 ,9 lat] times1 to increase its au?ority1 ! ,p5tateu* 0 ascrib$ to ,moses4 ,a recognition ( ! fact t ,moses c\ld n h writt5 a hi/ory ( ! ev5ts t happ5$ aft] 8 dea? caus$ t portion n[ kn[n z ,jo%ua to be deta*$ & cr$it$ to ,jo%ua4 ,_m ( ! argum5ts adduc$ aga9/ ! ,mosaic au?or%ip ( ! prec$+ books apply ) equal =ce aga9/ ! claim t ,jo%ua wrote ! book :i* be>s 8 "n4 ,! book conta9s no int]nal evid5ce ( 8 au?or%ip2 he does n claim to be its au?or2 ! o!r writ]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t d n ascribe its au?or%ip to him2 he is spok5 ( 9 ! ?ird p]son2 x is cle>ly ! "w ( m ?an "o writ]2 ! language 9 :i* x 0 writt5 0 n 9 exi/5ce :5 he liv$2 mu* ( x relates to ev5ts t occurr$ aft] 8 dea?4 ,& x came to pass aft] ^! ?+s1 t ,jo%ua1 ! son ( ,nun1 ! s]vant ( ! ,"l1 di$1 be+ a hundr$ & t5 ye>s old4 ,& !y buri$ him 9 ! bord] ( 8 inh]itance 9 ,timna?-s]ah4444 ,& ,israel s]v$ ! ,"l all ! days ( ,jo%ua1 & all ! days ( ! eld]s t ov]liv$ ,jo%ua 7,jo%4 xxiv1 #bi-ca74 ,z ! ,p5tateu* gives an acc\nt ( ! dea? & burial ( ,moses1 s ! book ( ,jo%ua gives an acc\nt ( ! dea? & burial ( ,jo%ua4 ,& ,eleaz] ! son ( ,a>on di$ 7xxiv1 #cc74 ,! dea? ( ,eleaz] occurr$ six ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,jo%ua4 ,b ! ,jebusites dwell ) ! *ildr5 ( ,judah at ,j]usalem unto ?is day 7xv1 #fc74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,judah did n dwell 9 ,j]usalem until ne>ly #djj ye>s aft] ,jo%ua4 ,! phrase unto ?is day is frequ5tly us$ 9 ! book1 & ?is %[s t x 0 writt5 long aft] ! ev5ts x describes4 ,9 8 acc\nt ( ! miracle ( ,jo%ua caus+ ! sun to /& /ill1 ! writ] appeals to ! book ( ,ja%] 9 support ( 8 /atem5t3 ,is n ?is writt5 9 ! book ( ,ja%]8 7x1 #ac47 ,?is c\ld n h be5 writt5 until aft] ! book ( ,ja%] 0 writt5 or compil$4 ,:5 0 ,ja%] writt58 ,we d n "k1 b 9 8 hi/ory ( ,david ! au?or ( ,samuel ?us ref]s to x3 ,he ,david bade !m tea* ! *ildr5 ( ,judah ! use ( ! b[2 behold1 x is writt5 9 ! book ( ,ja%] 7#b ,sam4 i1 #ah74 ,?is proves t ! book ( ,ja%] 0 n writt5 be=e ! "t ( ,david4 ,if ! book ( ,jo%ua 0 n writt5 until aft] ! book ( ,ja%] 0 writt51 !n x c\ld n h be5 writt5 until ! "t ( ,david or lat]4 ,! book ( ,jo%ua consi/s ( two p>ts4 ,! fir/1 :i* orig9ally =m$ a "p (1 or sequel to1 ,deut]onomy1 0 probably writt5 be=e ! ,captivity2 ! latt] "p 0 writt5 aft] ! captivity--#ijj ye>s aft] ! "t ( ,jo%ua4 ,judges4 ,! au?or%ip ( ?is book has be5 ascrib$ to ,samuel4 ,9 dispro( ( ?is ,i quote ! foll[+3 ,n[ ! *ildr5 ( ,judah _h f\ght aga9/ ,j]usalem & tak5 x 7i1 #h74 ,j]usalem 0 tak5 by ,judah #ajdh ,b4,c42 ,samuel di$ #ajfj ,b4,c41 twelve ye>s be=e x 0 tak54 ,9 ^? days !re 0 no k+ 9 ,israel 7xviii1 #a2 xix1 #a2 xxi1 #be74 ,?is passage1 :i* is repeat$ sev]al times1 0 writt5 aft] ,israel _h become a k+dom1 & evid5tly long subsequ5t to ! "t ( ,saul & ,samuel4 ,& !y =sook ! ,"l1 & s]v$ ,baal & ,a%t>o? 7ii1 #ac74 ,?is 0 probably writt5 z late z ! reign ( ,ho%ea1 #gcj ,b4,c4 ,! *apt]s relat+ to ,samson indicate a date z late z ,manasseh1 #fih to #fdc ,b4,c4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ?is k+ ! ,hebrews became sun-wor%ip]s4 ,samson 0 a sun-god--! "n signifies sun-god4 ,all ! /ories relat$ ( him 9 ,judges are sol> my?s4 ,he & 8 sons 7 prie/s to ! tribe ( ,dan until ! day ( ! captivity ( ! l& 7xviii1 #cj74 ,! above passage d5otes a date z late z ! ,captivity4 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,x is probable t ! books ( ,judges1 ,ru?1 ,samuel1 & ,k+s orig9ally =m$ "o "w 7art4 ,ru?74 ,if ^! books orig9ally =m$ "o "w1 ,samuel 0 n ! au?or ( any ( !m1 = ,k+s1 x is admitt$1 0 writt5 z late z ! "t ( ,j]emiah1 & possibly z late z ! "t ( ,ezra1 f #dej to #fjj ye>s aft] ,samuel4 ,judges1 l ! ,p5tateu* & ,jo%ua1 is ! "w ( sev]al writ]s4 ,x c sc>cely be call$ ev5 a compilation4 ,x is a m]e collection ( hi/orical & my?ological fragm5ts1 ?r[n toge!r )\t any reg>d to logical arrangem5t or *ronological ord]4 ,fir/ & ,second ,samuel4 ,x is popul>ly suppos$1 & _m ,*ri/ian tea*]s affirm1 t ,samuel wrote ! books :i* be> 8 "n4 ,& yet ! writ] says1 ,samuel di$1 & sev5 *apt]s ( ! fir/ book foll[ ?is ann\ncem5t4 ,! second book 9 no way p]ta9s to him2 8 "n is n once m5tion$2 ! ev5ts n>rat$ occurr$ f f\r to =ty-f\r ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,o!rs claim t ! books 7 writt5 by ,samuel1 ,na?an1 & ,gad1 bas+ _! claim on a passage 9 ,*ronicles1 :i* says t ! acts ( ,david are writt5 9 ! book ( ,samuel ! se]1 & 9 ! book ( ,na?an ! prophet1 & 9 ! book ( ,gad ! se] 7#a ,*ron4 xxix1 #bi74 ,z ,samuel di$ :ile ,david 0 yet a "y man--f\r ye>s be=e he became k+--he did n record ! acts ( ,david4 ,na?an & ,gad are ref]r$ to 9 ! books1 b 9 a mann] t =bids ! supposition ( _! au?or%ip4 ,^! books 7 n writt5 by ,samuel2 nei!r 7 !y writt5 by ,samuel1 ,na?an1 & ,gad4 ,_! au?or%ip is unkn[n4 ,conc]n+ ! books ( ,samuel1 ,dr4 ,oort writes3 ,!re is no book 9 ! ,bible :i* %[s s cle>ly t its cont5ts are n all d]iv$ f ! same s\rce4444 ,two conflict+ traditions relat+ to ! same subject are con/antly plac$ side by side 9 p]fect simplicity1 & app>5tly ) no idea t ! "o contradicts ! o!r 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 i1 pp4 #dcc1 #dcd74 ,fir/ & ,second ,k+s4 ,9 ! ,ca?olic v]sion1 & 9 ! subtitles ( our v]sions ( ! ,bible1 ,fir/ & ,second ,samuel & ,fir/ & ,second ,k+s are call$ ! ,fir/1 ,second1 ,?ird1 & ,f\r? books ( ,k+s4 ,!y are prop]ly "o book4 ,! division ( ! "w into f\r books is n only artificial1 b illogical4 ,reg>d+ ! au?or%ip ( ! la/ two1 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,z reg>ds ! au?or%ip ( ! books1 b little difficulty pres5ts itself4 ,! ,jewi% tradition1 :i* ascribes !m to ,j]emiah1 is borne out by ! /ronge/ int]nal evid5ce 7,k+s74 ,is ?is true8 ,! date assign$ = ,j]emiah's composition ( ! books is #fjj ,b4,c4 ,& yet a consid]able portion ( ! "w is devot$ to a pres5tation ( ! =ty ye>s ( ,jewi% hi/ory subsequ5t to ?is date4 ,x records ! dea? ( ,jehoiakim1 ! fir/ siege & tak+ ( ,j]usalem by ,nebu*adnezz>1 ! elevation ( ,z$ekiah to ! ?rone1 8 elev5 ye>s' reign1 ! second siege & capture ( ,j]usalem1 & a long li/ ( ev5ts t foll[$4 ,x records ! reign ( ! ,babylonian k+1 ,evil-,m]oda*4 ,?is1 accord+ to ! popul> *ronology1 & accord+ to ! ,bible ,diction>y1 0 f #efa to #eei ,b4,c4--=ty ye>s aft] ! date assign$1 & long aft] ! "t ( ,j]emiah4 ,^! books are a mixture ( hi/ory & fiction4 ,!y pr(ess to be a hi/ory ( ! ,hebrew k+s2 & yet a doz5 *apt]s are devot$ to a fabul\s acc\nt ( ! say+s & do+s ( two ,hebrew prophets1 ,elijah & ,eli%a4 ,fir/ & ,second ,*ronicles1 :i* give a hi/ory ( ! same k+s1 ref] to ,elijah b once1 & make no m5tion ( ,eli%a4 ,! confus$ "* ( _! cont5ts1 especially _! *ronology1 has (t5 be5 ref]r$ to4 ,!y are simply a compilation ( anci5t docum5ts1 writt5 at v>i\s times1 & by v>i\s au?ors4 ,! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica expresses ! almo/ unanim\s v]dict ( critics respect+ ! au?or%ip ( ! f\r pr9cipal hi/orical books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t3 ,we _c speak ( ! au?or ( ,k+s or ,samuel1 b only ( an editor or successive editors ^: ma9 "w 0 to arrange 9 a cont9u\s =m extracts or ab/racts f e>li] books4 ,isaiah4 ,isaiah1 ! *ief ( ! prophetic books1 &1 next to ! ,p5tateu* & ! ,f\r ,gospels1 ! mo/ important book ( ! ,bible1 purports to be a s]ies ( prophecies utt]$ dur+ ! reigns ( ,uzziah1 ,jo?am1 ,ahaz1 & ,hezekiah4 ,uzziah's reign began ,b4,c4 #haj1 & end$ ,b4,c4 #geh2 ,hezekiah's reign began ,b4,c4 #gbf & end$ ,b4,c4 #fih4 ,isaiah's m9i/ry is suppos$ to h ext5d$ f ab\t #gfj to #gjj ,b4,c41 & t[>d ! close ( ?is p]iod1 ! book ( ,isaiah1 z x n[ appe>s1 is said to h be5 writt54 ,9 support ( ,isaiah's au?or%ip ( ! entire "w ! foll[+ argum5ts h be5 advanc$3 #a4 ,its v>i\s prophecies exhibit a unity ( design4 #b4 ,! /yle is ! same ?r\gh\t ! "w4 #c4 ,messianic prophecies ab\nd 9 bo? its p>ts4 #d4 ,no o!r writ] claim$ its au?or%ip4 #e4 ,! anci5t ,jews all ascribe x to him4 ,! above argum5ts = ! au!nticity ( ! "w are p>tly true & p>tly untrue4 ,s f> z !y conflict ) ! foll[+ argum5ts aga9/ its au!nticity z a :ole !y are untrue3 #a4 ,! "w is fragm5t>y 9 "*4 #b4 ,! /yle ( its sev]al p>ts is q unlike4 #c4 ,_m ( its ev5ts occurr$ aft] ,isaiah's dea?4 #d4 ,mu* ( x relates to ! ,babylonian captivity4 #e4 ,x records bo? ! "n & ! de$s ( ,cyrus4 ,isaiah might v prop]ly be divid$ into two books1 ! fir/ compris+ ! fir/ ?irty-n9e *apt]s2 ! second1 ! conclud+ tw5ty-sev5 *apt]s4 ,imp>tial critics agree t :ile ,isaiah may h writt5 a portion ( ! fir/ "p he c\ld n h writt5 all ( x nor any ( ! second4 ,?is is ! conclusion ( ,*eyne1 ,davidson1 ,de ,wette1 ,ei*orn1 ,ewald1 ,ges5ius1 & o!rs4 ,t he wrote nei!r ! fir/ nor ! second "p ( ! book1 z x n[ exi/s1 is prov5 by ! foll[+ passages tak5 f bo?3 ,babylon is fall51 is fall5 7xxi1 #i74 ,s5na*]ib k+ ( ,assyria came up aga9/ all ! def5s$ cities ( ,judah1 & took !m 7xxxvi1 #a74 ,s ,s5na*]ib k+ ( ,assyria dep>t$1 & w5t & return$ & dwelt 9 ,n9eveh4 ,& x came to pass1 z he 0 wor%ip+ 9 ! h\se ( ,ni%rock 8 god1 t ,addrammele* & ,%>ez] 8 sons smote him ) ! sword2 & !y escap$ into ! l& ( ,arm5ia2 & ,es>haddon 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7xxxvii1 #cg1 #ch74 ,s5na*]ib asc5d$ ! ?rone #gjb ,b4,c4 & di$ #fhj ,b4,c4 ,isaiah liv$ 9 ! prec$+ c5tury4 ,t sai? ( ,cyrus1 ,he is my %eph]d1 & %all p]=m all my pleasure2 ev5 say+ to ,j]usalem1 ,?\ %alt be built1 & to ! temple1 ,?y f\ndation %all be laid 7xliv1 #bh74 ,?us sai? ! ,"l to 8 ano9t$1 to ,cyrus 7xlv1 #a74 ,he %all build my city1 & he %all let g my captives 7xlv1 #ac74 ,cyrus conqu]$ ,babylon ,b4,c4 #ech1 & releas$ ! ,jews f captivity & p]mitt$ !m to return & rebuild ,j]usalem & ! temple ,b4,c4 #ecf1 ne>ly two c5turies aft] ! "t ( ,isaiah4 ,reg>d+ ^! passages1 ,dr4 ,lyman ,abbott1 9 a s]mon on ,! ,sci5tific ,conception ( ,revelation1 says3 ,if y take up a hi/ory & x ref]s to ,abraham ,l9coln1 y are p]fectly sure t x 0 n writt5 9 ! "t ( ,george ,wa%+ton4 ,n[1 if y take up ! book ( ,isaiah & read 9 x ab\t ,cyrus ! ,great1 y are satisfi$ t ! book 0 n writt5 by ,isaiah "o hundr$ ye>s be=e ,cyrus 0 born4 ,pr(4 ,t4 ,k4 ,*eyne ( ,ox=d ,univ]sity1 ! lead+ mod]n au?ority on ,isaiah1 says3 ,t portion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* is kn[n z ! book ( ,isaiah 01 9 fact1 writt5 by at lea/ ?ree writ]s--& possibly _m m--:o liv$ at diff]5t times & 9 diff]5t places4 ,ne>ly all ( ! n9? *apt]1 :i*1 on acc\nt ( its suppos$ ,messianic prophecies1 is1 ) ,*ri/ians1 "o ( ! mo/ valu$ *apt]s ( ! ,bible1 ,pr(essor ,*eyne decl>es to be an int]polation4 ,t f\r ( ! middle *apt]s1 ! ?irty-six?1 ?irty-sev5?1 ?irty-eigh?1 & ?irty-n9?1 orig9ally =m$ a sep>ate docum5t is evid5t4 ,conc]n+ ^! f\r *apt]s1 ,pa9e tru?fully obs]ves3 ,?is fragm5t ( hi/ory beg9s & ends abruptly2 x has n ! lea/ connection ) ! *apt] t prec$es x1 nor ) t :i* foll[s x1 nor ) any o!r 9 ! book 7,age ( ,reason1 p4 #abi74 ,if ,isaiah wrote ?is book1 & ,j]emiah wrote ! books ( ,k+s1 z claim$2 !n ei!r ,isaiah or ,j]emiah 0 a plagi>i/2 = ! language ( ! f\r *apt]s j m5tion$ is1 ) a few slight alt]ations1 id5tical ) t ( a portion ( ! second book ( ,k+s4 ,! integrity ( ?is book _c be ma9ta9$4 ,x is n ! product ( "o writ]1 b ( _m4 ,h[ _m1 critics may nev] be able to det]m9e2 c]ta9ly n less ?an five1 probably m ?an t54 ,j]emiah4 ,! prophecies ( ,j]emiah1 x is affirm$1 7 deliv]$ at v>i\s times betwe5 #fbe & #ehe ,b4,c41 & a f9al r$action ( !m 0 made by him ab\t ! latt] date4 ,! book1 z x n[ appe>s1 is 9 su* a disord]$ condition t ,*ri/ian s*ol>s h to sep>ate x into num]\s p>ts & re>range !m 9 ord] to make a consecutive & intelligible n>rative4 ,dr4 ,hit*cock1 9 8 ,analysis ( ! ,bible 7p #a1add71 says3 ,s _m *anges h tak5 place1 or else s _m irregul>ities 7 orig9ally admitt$ 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! book1 t ,dr4 ,blayney1 ^: exposition we *iefly foll[1 0 oblig$ to make f\rte5 diff]5t portions ( ! :ole be=e he c\ld ?r[ x into consecutive ord]4 ,! foll[+ is ,dr4 ,blayney's arrangem5t ( ! book3 ,*apt]s i-xii2 xiii-xx2 xxii1 xxiii2 xxv1 xxvi2 xxxv1 xxxvi2 xlv-xlviii2 xlix 7#a-cc72 xxi2 xxiv2 xxvii-xxxiv2 xxxvii-xxxix2 xlix 7#cd-ci72 l1 li2 xl-xliv4 ,?is disord]$ condition ( ,j]emiah indicates "o ( two ?+s3 a plurality ( au?ors1 or a neglig5ce1 if no?+ worse1 on ! "p ( ! ,bible's cu/odians t ,*ri/ians w be loa? to ackn[l$ge4 ,! book1 z a :ole1 0 n writt5 by ,j]emiah4 ,he did n write ! foll[+3 ,& x came to pass 9 ! sev5 & ?irtie? ye> ( ! captivity ( ,jehoia*9 k+ ( ,judah1 9 ! twelf? mon?1 9 ! five & tw5tie? day ( ! mon?1 t ,evil-,m]oda* k+ ( ,babylon1 9 ! fir/ ye> ( 8 reign1 lift$ up ! head ( ,jehoia*9 k+ ( ,judah1 & br\ght him =? out ( prison 7lii1 #ca74 ,! release ( ,jehoia*9 by ,evil-,m]oda* occurr$ #efb or #efa ,b4,c4 ,j]emiah _h !n be5 dead tw5ty ye>s4 ,?is book is n ! "w ( "o au?or4 ,! ?irty-sev5? & ?irty-eigh? *apt]s 7 n writt5 by ! same p]son4 ,mu* ( ! ?irty-eigh? is a m]e repetition ( ! ?irty-sev5?2 & yet ! two are s fill$ ) discrepancies t x is impossible to accept bo? z ! writ+s ( ! same au?or4 ,j]emiah1 x is decl>$1 wrote bo? ,k+s & ,j]emiah4 ,he c\ld n h writt5 ! conclud+ portion ( ei!r4 ,! la/ *apt] ( #b ,k+s & ! la/ *apt] ( ,j]emiah are ! same1 & 7 writt5 aft] ! "t ( ,j]emiah4 ,ezekiel4 ,! p]iod assign$ = ,ezekiel's prophecies is t beg9n+ ,b4,c4 #eie & end+ ,b4,c4 #egc4 ,*ri/ians ass]t t ! fir/ tw5ty-f\r *apt]s ( ! "w 7 writt5 be=e ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem by ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,! :ole "w 0 und\bt$ly writt5 aft] ?is ev5t4 ,! ,talmud cr$its its au?or%ip to ! ,great ,synagogue4 ,if ?is be correct1 ,ezekiel _h no?+ to d ) its composition2 = he 0 n a memb] ( ! ,great ,synagogue4 ,ewald1 :ile claim+ = him ! utt]ance ( its sev]al prophecies1 believes t ! book 9 its pres5t =m is n 8 "w1 b t ( a lat] au?or4 ,ref]r+ to ,ezekiel1 ,dr4 ,oort says3 ,9 8 case1 f> m ?an 9 ,j]emiah's ev51 we mu/ be on our gu>d aga9/ accept+ ! writt5 acc\nt ( 8 prophecies z a simple record ( :at he actually said 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 ii1 p4 #djg74 ,zunz1 a ,g]man critic1 n only cont5ds t ! book is n au!ntic1 b decl>es t no su* prophet z ,ezekiel ev] exi/$4 ,:ile x mu/ be admitt$ t ! int]nal evid5ce aga9/ ! integrity & au!nticity ( ,ezekiel is weak] ?an t ( ! o!r books ?us f> exam9$1 x c be confid5tly ass]t$ t ,bible apologi/s h be5 unable to e/abli% ei!r4 ,"o damag+ fact !y conc$e3 no o!r writ] ( ! ,bible ev] m5tions ! book or its alleg$ au?or4 ,m9or ,prophets4 ,! twelve ,m9or ,prophets1 ,hosea1 ,joel1 ,amos1 ,obadiah1 ,jonah1 ,micah1 ,nahum1 ,habakkuk1 ,zephaniah1 ,haggai1 ,ze*>iah1 & ,mala*i1 require b a pass+ notice4 ,comp>$ ) ! o!r ,prophets1 or ev5 ) ! pr9cipal books ( ! ,hagiographa1 !y are ( little importance4 ,a "p ( !m may be g5u9e--! writ+s ( ^? to :om _! au?or%ip has be5 ascrib$--b !re is no ext]nal evid5ce1 ei!r 9 ! ,bible or else:]e1 to support ! claim1 :ile ! int]nal evid5ce ( ! books !mselves is n conv9c+4 ,! date assign$ = ! composition ( ,jonah1 ! olde/ ( ! ,lat] ,prophets1 is #hef--;accord+ to "s1 #hfb ,b4,c4 ,he is said to h prophesi$ dur+ ! reign ( "o ,pul1 k+ ( ,assyria4 ,b un=tunately ,pul's reign is plac$ 9 #ggj ,b4,c41 n9ety ye>s aft] ! date assign$ = ! book4 ,jonah is nam$ 9 ! ,f\r ,gospels1 nam$ by ,*ri/ himself4 ,?is is adduc$ z pro( ( its au!nticity & 9 support ( a lit]al in/ead ( an allegorical int]pretation ( its language4 ,b ,*ri/'s language1 ev5 if 8 div9ity be admitt$1 proves nei!r ! au!nticity nor ! hi/orical "* ( ! book4 ,he taught 9 p>ables1 & c]ta9ly w\ld h no hesitancy 9 us+ an allegorical figure z a symbol4 ,no s*ol> n[ cont5ds = its au!nticity1 & no sane p]son believes its /ories to be hi/orical4 ,lu!r reject$ ! book4 ,f\r o!r books1 ,hosea1 ,micah1 ,ze*>iah1 & ,mala*i1 are quot$ or suppos$ to be quot$1 by ! ,evangeli/s1 & two1 ,joel & ,amos1 are m5tion$ 9 ,acts4 ,?is proves no m ?an t ^! books 7 9 exi/5ce :5 ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 writt5--a fact :i* none disputes4 ,mat!w 7ii1 #f7 cites ,micah 7v1 ii7 z a ,messianic prophecy4 ,micah liv$ dur+ ! reign ( ,hezekiah & wrote1 n ( an ev5t #gjj ye>s 9 ! future1 b ( "o ne> at h&1 ! expect$ invasions ( ! ,assyrians4 ,! passage quot$ by ,mat!w 7ii1 #ae7 f ,hosea 7xi1 #a7 ref]s to ! exodus ( ! ,israelites :i* took place #gjj ye>s be=e ! "t ( ,hosea4 ,ze*>iah is ! "w ( at lea/ ?ree writ]s4 ,davidson says3 ,to ,ze*>iah's au!ntic oracles 7 atta*$ *apt]s ix-xiv1 !mselves made up ( two p>ts 7ix-xi1 xii-xiv7 belong+ to diff]5t times & au?ors 7,canon1 p4 #cc74 ,! passage quot$ by ,mat!w 7xxi1 #e7 is n f ! au!ntic portion ( ,ze*>iah1 b f "o ( ! spuri\s *apt]s1 ix1 #i4 ,m>k 7#a1 #b1 #c7 quotes a prophecy :i* he applies to ,john ! ,bapti/4 ,! passage quot$ conta9s two s5t5ces1 "o ( :i* is f\nd 9 ,mala*i 7iii1 #a71 ! o!r 9 ,isaiah 7xl1 #c74 ,:i/on decl>es t bo? s5t5ces orig9ally belong$ to ,isaiah4 ,if ,:i/on is correct ! ,evangeli/ has n quot$ ,mala*i4 ,?is1 ! la/ book ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is an anonym\s "w1 ,mala*i be+ ! "n ( ! book & n ( ! au?or4 ,! p]iod assign$ = ! prophecies ( ,amos is f #hjh to #ghe ,b4,c4 ,! book conta9s ! foll[+3 ,9 t day w ,i raise up ! tab]nacle ( ,david t is fall51 & close up ! brea*es !re(2 & ,i w raise up 8 ru9s1 & ,i w build x z 9 ! days ( old 7ix1 #aa74 ,& ,i w br+ aga9 ! captivity ( my p ( ,israel1 & !y %all build ! wa/e cities & inhabit !m 7#ad74 ,amos 0 n writt5 until aft] ! captivity4 ,?is comm5c$ #ehh ,b4,c4 & cont9u$ fifty ye>s4 ,joel1 x is ass]t$1 0 writt5 #hjj ,b4,c4 ,t ?is writ] also liv$ aft] ! captivity is %[n by ! foll[+3 ,i %all br+ aga9 ! captivity ( ,judah & ,j]usalem 7iii1 #a74 ,?is passage1 x is claim$1 0 a pr$iction made c5turies be=e ! ev5t occurr$4 ,joel's ability to pr$ict future ev5ts1 h[ev]1 is negativ$ by 8 next ef=t3 ,b ,judah %all dwell =ev]1 & ,j]usalem f g5]ation to g5]ation 7#bj74 ,n9eveh is laid wa/e3 :o %all bemoan h]8 7,nahum iii1 #g74 ,! composition ( ,nahum is plac$ betwe5 #gbj & #fih ,b4,c4 ,n9eveh 0 de/roy$ #fjf ,b4,c41 a c5tury lat]4 ,! fir/ v]se ( ,zephaniah decl>es t ! book 0 writt5 9 ! days ( ,josiah1 9 ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c42 ! la/ v]se %[s t x 0 writt5 9 ! days ( ,cyrus1 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,e *apt] ( ,habakkuk & ,obadiah's s+le *apt] %[ t ^! books 7 writt5 aft] ! dates assign$4 ,! book ( ,haggai is ascrib$ to ,haggai1 ! la/ p]son 9 ! _w to :om x c reasonably be ascrib$4 ,x is n a book ( ,haggai1 b ab\t ,haggai4 ,except+ a few brief exhortations1 ( :i* x gives an acc\nt1 x does n purport to conta9 a ^w f 8 tongue or p54 ,?is argum5t applies ) /ill great] =ce to ,jonah4 ,! great] portion ( ! ,m9or ,prophets are probably =g]ies4 ,! names ( _! alleg$ au?ors are atta*$ to !m1 b 9 mo/ cases 9 ! =m ( a sup]scription only4 ,ea* book op5s ) a brief introduction ann\nc+ ! au?or4 ,^! introductions 7 n writt5 by ! au?ors !mselves1 b by o!rs4 ,! only au?ority = pron\nc+ ! books au!ntic1 !n1 is ! assurance ( "s unkn[n ,jewi% scribe or editor4 ,a damag+ argum5t aga9/ ! au?ority1 if n aga9/ ! au!nticity1 ( ! ,prophets is ! fact t :ile ! hi/orical records ( ! ,old ,te/am5t cov] ! "t dur+ :i* all ( !m are said to h fl\ri%$1 only a few ( !m are deem$ wor?y ( m5tion4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,hagiographa4 ,! ,hagiographa comprises ! rema9+ ?irte5 books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,x 0 divid$ into ?ree divisions3 #a4 ,psalms1 ,prov]bs1 ,job4 #b4 ,song ( ,solomon1 ,ru?1 ,lam5tations1 ,ecclesia/es1 ,e/h]4 #c4 ,daniel1 ,ezra & ,nehemiah1 ,fir/ & ,second ,*ronicles4 ,! ,jews consid]$ ^! books ( less value ?an ^? ( ! ,law & ! ,prophets4 ,! books belong+ to ! ?ird division possess little m]it2 b ! fir/ two divisions1 omitt+ ,e/h]1 toge!r ) a few poems 9 ! ,p5tateu* & ! ,prophets1 conta9 ! cream ( ,hebrew lit]ature4 ,psalms4 ,! collection ( hymns & pray]s us$ 9 public wor%ip by ,jews & ,*ri/ians1 & call$ ! ,psalms1 /&s fir/ 9 importance z a religi\s book 9 ! ,hagiographa4 ,*ri/ians accept x n only z a book ( praise1 b z a prophetic revelation & doctr9al au?ority4 ,x is popul>ly suppos$ t ,david wrote all1 or ne>ly all1 ( ! ,psalms4 ,_m comm5tators attribute to him ! au?or%ip ( "o hundr$ or m4 ,he wrote1 at ! mo/1 b a few ( !m4 ,! ,jews divid$ !m into five books3 #a4 ,*apt]s i-xli2 #b4 xlii-lxii2 #c4 lxiii-lxxxix2 #d4 xc-cvi2 #e4 cvii-cl4 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y1 a /&>d or?odox au?ority1 claims = ,david ! au?or%ip ( ! fir/ book only4 ,! second book1 :ile includ+ a few ( 8 psalms1 0 n compil$1 x says1 until ! "t ( ,hezekiah1 ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] 8 reign4 ,! psalms ( ! ?ird book1 x /ates1 7 compos$ dur+ ,hezekiah's reign2 ^? ( ! f\r? book foll[+ ^!1 & prior to ! ,captivity2 & ^? ( ! fif? book aft] ! return f ,babylon1 f\r hundr$ ye>s aft] ,david's "t4 ,!re are psalms 9 ! ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? books ascrib$ to ,david1 b !y are cle>ly ( mu* lat] orig94 ,! ,bible ,diction>y admits t !y 7 n compos$ by him1 & attempts to acc\nt = ! ,davidic sup]scription by assum+ t !y 7 writt5 by ,hezekiah1 ,josiah1 & o!rs :o 7 l9eal desc5dants & belong$ to ! h\se ( ,david4 ,b !re is no?+ to w>rant ! assumption t !y 7 writt5 by ^! ,jewi% k+s4 ,!y 7 anonym\s pieces to :i* ! "n ( ,david 0 affix$ to add to _! au?ority4 ,! second book concludes ) ^! words3 ,! pray]s ( ,david1 ! son ( ,jesse1 are end$4 ,?is is accept$ to mean t none ( ! psalms foll[+ ?is book belong to ,david4 ,! ,korahite psalms1 assign$ to ,david's reign1 belong to a lat] age4 ,twelve psalms are ascrib$ to ,asaph1 :o liv$ 9 ,david's reign4 ,?is passage f "o ( !m 0 writt5 at lea/ #dcj ye>s aft] ,david's dea?3 ,o ,god1 ! hea!n are come into ?9e inh]itance2 ?y holy temple h !y defil$3 !y h laid ,j]usalem on heaps 7lxxix1 #a74 ,9 ! second & ?ird books ! ^w ,god occurs #bjf times1 :ile ,jehovah1 translat$ ,"l ,god1 occurs b #dd times2 9 ! rema9+ ?ree books1 ,god occurs b #bc times1 :ile ,jehovah occurs #fdj times4 ,psalms xlii & xliii are m]ely p>ts ( ! same psalm4 ,psalm xix consi/s ( two di/9ct psalms1 ! fir/ elev5 v]ses con/itut+ "o1 ! la/ ?ree ano!r4 ,psalms xiv & liii are ! same2 lx & cviii1 omitt+ ! fir/ f\r or five v]ses1 are also ! same4 ,! ,septuag9t v]sion & ! ,alex&rian manuscript conta9 #aea psalms1 ! la/ "o be+ omitt$ f o!r v]sions4 ,"s ( ! m cons]vative ,g]man critics cr$it ,david ) z _m z ?irty psalms4 ,dr4 ,lyman ,abbott cont5ds t he did n write m ?an fifte54 ,! ,dut* s*ol>s1 ,ku55 & ,oort1 believe t he wrote none4 ,& ?is is probably ! tru?4 ,:ile collections ( ^! psalms d\btless exi/$ at an e>li] p]iod1 ! book1 9 its pres5t =m1 0 compil$ dur+ ! ,maccabean age1 ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,_m ( ^! psalms are f9e poetical compositions2 b ! great] portion ( !m are crude 9 con/ruction1 & "s ( !m fi5di% 9 s5tim5t4 ,prov]bs4 ,! au?or%ip ( ,prov]bs has be5 ascrib$ to ,solomon4 ,he c\ld h writt5 b few ( ^! prov]bs1 & probably wrote none4 ,x is a compilation ( maxims made _m c5turies aft] 8 "t4 ,tradition repres5t$ ,solomon z ! wise/ ( m51 & e wise say+ ^: orig9 0 unkn[n 0 cr$it$ to him4 ,dr4 ,oort says3 ,! hi/ory ( ,solomon's wisdom resembles t ( ,david's music4 ,9 ei!r case ! imag9ation ( po/]ity has giv5 a ?or\ghly religi\s "* to :at 0 9 reality purely secul>2 & j z ,david 0 made ! au?or ( a numb] ( psalms1 s v>i\s works ( ! s-call$ sages1 or prov]b-mak]s1 7 ascrib$ to ,solomon 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ge74 ,! book consi/s ( sev5 diff]5t collections ( prov]bs1 z foll[s3 #a4 i1 #g-;ix2 #b4 x-xxii1 #af2 #c4 xxii1 #ag-xxiv2 #d4 xxv-xxix2 #e4 xxx2 #f4 xxxi1 #a-i2 #g4 xxxi1 #aj-ca4 ,! fir/ six v]ses are a preface4 ,! fir/ collection1 x is admitt$1 0 n ! "w ( ,solomon4 ,^! prov]bs 7 compos$ z late z #fjj ,b4,c4 ,! second collection is pres5t$ z ,! ,prov]bs ( ,solomon4 ,if any ( ,solomon's prov]bs exi/ !y are conta9$ 9 ?is collection4 ,! ?ird collection is anonym\s4 ,! f\r? beg9s z foll[s3 ,^! are also prov]bs ( ,solomon1 :i* ! m5 ( ,hezekiah1 k+ ( ,judah1 copi$ out 7#gjj ,b4,c474 ,! fif? conta9s ,! words ( ,agur ! son ( ,jakeh4 ,! six?1 compris+ ! fir/ n9e v]ses ( ! la/ *apt]1 are ,! words ( ,k+ ,lemuel4 ,! sev5?1 compris+ ! rema9d] ( ! *apt]1 is a poem1 writt5 aft] ! ,captivity4 ,job4 ,x is rem>kable t ! book :i*1 f a lit]>y po9t ( view1 occupies ! fir/ place among ! books ( ! ,bible1 %\ld be ! only "o 9 ! collection t 0 n writt5 by a believ] 9 ! religion ( ! ,bible4 ,x is almo/ univ]sally conc$$ t ! book ( ,job 0 n writt5 by a ,jew1 b by a ,g5tile4 ,mo/ ,*ri/ians ascribe its au?or%ip to ,job himself2 b !re is no m au?ority = ascrib+ x to ,job ?an !re is = ascrib+ ! ,p5tateu* to ,moses4 ,job is ! "n ( ! lead+ "* ( ! book1 n ! "n ( its au?or4 ,its au?or%ip is unkn[n4 ,! ,talmud ass]ts1 & probably correctly1 t ,job 0 n a real p]sonage--t ! book is an allegory4 ,lu!r says1 ,x is m]ely ! argum5t ( a fable4 ,reg>d+ its antiquity1 ,dr4 ,hit*cock says3 ,! fir/ writt5 ( all ! books 9 ! ,bible1 & ! olde/ lit]>y production 9 ! _w1 is ! book ( ,job4 ,! date assign$ = its composition is #aebj ,b4,c4 ,_h ,job be5 writt5 a ?\s& ye>s be=e ! "t claim$1 x w\ld n be ! olde/ lit]>y production 9 ! _w4 ,b x 0 probably writt5 a ?\s& ye>s aft] ! "t claim$4 ,lu!r places its composition #ejj ye>s aft] ?is "t2 ,r5an says t x 0 writt5 #hjj ye>s lat]1 ,ewald & ,davidson #ijj ye>s lat]4 ,grotius & ,de ,wette believe t x 0 writt5 #ajjj ye>s aft] ! date assign$1 :ile ,h>tmann & o!rs cont5d t x 0 writt5 /ill lat]4 ,:ile its exact date _c be det]m9$1 !re is int]nal evid5ce po9t+ to a mu* lat] age ?an t nam$4 ,:i* make? ,arcturus1 ,orion1 & ,pleiades1 & ! *amb]s ( ! s\? 7ix1 #i74 ,! use ( ^! ,greek a/ronomical names proves a lat] orig94 ,s1 too1 does ! foll[+ passage3 ,! ,*aldeans made out ?ree b&s 7i1 #ag74 ,( ?is p ,*amb]s' ,encyclop$ia says3 ,! ,*aldeans are fir/ he>d ( 9 ! n9? c5tury be=e ,*ri/ z a small ,accadian tribe on ! ,p]sian ,gulf4 ,?is 0 sev5 c5turies aft] ! date assign$ = ,job1 :ile ! same au?ority /ates t ,*aldea did n exi/ until a /ill lat] p]iod4 ,! poem ( ,job1 z orig9ally compos$1 compris$ ! foll[+3 ,*apt]s i-xxvii1 #aj2 xxviii-xxxi2 xxviii-xli1 #ab2 xlii1 #a-f4 ,all ! re/ ( ! book1 ab\t eight *apt]s--ne>ly "o fif? ( x--consi/s ( clumsy =g]ies4 ,! poet is a radical ?9k] :o boldly que/ions ! wisdom & ju/ice ( ,god4 ,to c\nt]act ! influ5ce ( 8 "w ^! int]polations :i* controv]t its tea*+s 7 ins]t$4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,our translators h /ill fur!r mutilat$ ! "w4 ,its mo/ damag+ l9es !y h mi/ranslat$ or gloss$ ov]4 ,?us ,job 7xiii1 #ae7 says3 ,he ,god w slay me2 ,i h no hope4 ,yet !y make him say ! v rev]se ( ?is3 ,?\gh he slay me1 yet w ,i tru/ 9 him4 ,! ,five ,rolls4 ,! second division ( ! ,hagiographa1 kn[n z ! ,five ,rolls1 or ,megillo?1 conta9s five small books--,! ,song ( ,solomon1 ,ecclesia/es1 ,lam5tations1 ,ru?1 & ,e/h]4 ,! ,song ( ,solomon1 ,song ( ,songs1 or ,canticles1 z x is v>i\sly call$1 & ,ecclesia/es1 or ,! ,prea*]1 are said to be ! works ( ,solomon--! =m] a product ( 8 y\?1 ! latt] ( 8 old age4 ,x is q c]ta9 t ! same au?or did n write bo?1 & equally c]ta9 t ,solomon wrote nei!r4 ,! ,song ( ,solomon1 ,ewald affirms1 is an anonym\s poem1 writt5 ab\t ! middle ( ! t5? c5tury ,b4,c44--aft] ,solomon's "t4 ,x is d\btless ( mu* lat] orig94 ,x belongs to ,nor!rn1 & n to ,s\!rn ,pale/9e4 ,?is alone proves t ,solomon did n write x4 ,! ,talmud says1 ,hezekiah & 8 company wrote ,isaiah1 ,prov]bs1 ,ecclesia/es1 & ,song ( ,songs4 ,h5g/5b]g1 "o ( ! mo/ or?odox ( comm5tators1 says t ,ecclesia/es 0 writt5 c5turies aft] ! "t ( ,solomon4 ,davidson believes t x 0 writt5 z late z #cej ,b4,c42 :ile ,h>tmann & ,hitzig1 ,g]man critics1 cont5d t x 0 writt5 /ill lat]4 ,solomon's ,song is an amor\s poem1 beautiful 9 its way4 ,b :5 we turn to x 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,bible & f9d ! runn+ titles ( e page & ! table ( cont5ts ( e *apt] fill$ ) sanctimoni\s drivel ab\t ,*ri/ & 8 bride1 ! ,*ur*1 we are rem9d$ ( a le*]\s p>son masqu]ad+ "u ! cloak ( piety among 8 female p>i%ion]s4 ,! ,prea*] ( ,ecclesia/es is some?+ ( a ,free?\ght prea*]4 ,he is a skeptic & a philosoph]4 ,lam5tations1 x is claim$1 0 compos$ by ,j]emiah4 ,!re is little evid5ce ei!r = or aga9/ ?is claim4 ,oort affirms t its ascription to ,j]emiah is a mi/ak5 tradition1 t its five poems 7 writt5 by five diff]5t au?ors & at diff]5t times4 ,! habit ( ascrib+ anonym\s writ+s to em95t m5 0 preval5t among ! ,jews4 ,moses1 ,jo%ua1 ,samuel1 ,david1 ,solomon1 ,daniel1 & probably ,j]emiah1 h be5 decl>$ ! au?ors ( books ( :i* !y nev] he>d4 ,ru? is ! only book ( ! ,bible ^: au?or%ip is g5]ally conc$$ by ,*ri/ians to be unkn[n4 ,dr4 ,hit*cock says3 ,!re is no?+ :atev] by :i* ! au?or%ip ( x c be det]m9$4 ,_m or?odox s*ol>s admit t ,e/h]'s au?or%ip1 l t ( ,ru?1 is unkn[n4 ,"s cr$it x to ,mordecai4 ,x 0 writt5 z late z #cjj ,b4,c41 #aej ye>s aft] ,mordecai's "t4 ,! ,vulgate & mod]n ,ca?olic v]sions include six *apt]s n f\nd 9 our au?oriz$ v]sion4 ,!re are _m books 9 ! ,bible devoid ( tru?1 b probably none s self-evid5tly false z ,e/h]4 ,x has be5 describ$ z a tissue ( gl>+ impossibilities f beg9n+ to end4 ,lu!r pron\nces x a hea!ni% extravagance4 ,daniel4 ,*ri/ians class ,daniel ) ! ,great] ,prophets1 & assign its au?or%ip to ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,x belongs to ! ,hagiographa & 0 "o ( ! la/ books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t to be writt54 ,a consid]able portion ( ! book relates to ,bel%azz>4 ,tw5ty times 9 "o *apt] is he ref]r$ to z ! k+ ( ,babylon1 & five times is he call$ ! son ( ,nebu*adnezz>4 ,yet ,bel%azz> 0 n ! son ( ,nebu*adnezz>1 nei!r 0 he k+ ( ,babylon4 ,aga9 ! au?or devotes sev]al *apt]s to ,d>ius ! ,m$ian1 :o1 he says1 defeat$ ! ,*aldeans & conqu]$ ,babylon4 ,n[1 ne>ly ev]ybody1 except+ ?is writ]1 suppos$ t x 0 ,cyrus ! ,p]sian :o conqu]$ ,babylon4 ,d>ius ! ,m$ian 0 nev] k+ ( ,babylon4 ,?is book 0 writt5 by "o ignorant ( ,babylonian hi/ory1 & n by ,daniel1 :o liv$ 9 ,babylon1 & :o is said to h be5 next to ! k+ 9 au?ority4 ,pr(4 ,a4 ,h4 ,sayce1 ,pr(essor ( ,assyriology 9 ,ox=d ,univ]sity1 consid]$ by _m ! greate/ ( ar*ologi/s1 a believ] 9 ! div9ity ( ! ,bible & an oppon5t ( ,high] ,criticism1 is compell$ to reject ,daniel4 ,9 a rec5t article1 he says3 ,! old view ( ! old ,book is correct except+ ! book ( ,daniel1 :i* is compos$ ( leg5ds4444 ,! hi/orical facts z we "k !m f ! contemporane\s records are irreconcilable ) ! /atem5ts f\nd 9 ! hi/orical portions ( ,daniel4 ,?is /atem5t1 aside f its rejection ( ,daniel1 is significant4 ,"h is a man ^: life-long /udy & rese>*es make him preem95tly qualifi$ to judge ( "o book's au!nticity & cr$ibility4 ,?is book he rejects4 ,! books he accepts are ^? conc]n+ :i* he is n specially qualifi$ to judge4 ,dr4 ,arnold says3 ,i h long ?\ght t ! great] "p ( ! book ( ,daniel is mo/ c]ta9ly a v late "w1 ( ! "t ( ! ,maccabees 7,life & ,correspond5ce1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #ahh74 ,?is conclusion ( ,dr4 ,arnold's1 made sev5ty ye>s ago1 is confirm$ by ! lat] critics :o place its composition 9 ! reign ( ,antio*us ,epiphanes1 ab\t #afe ,b4,c4 ,a "p1 if n all ( ! book1 0 writt5 9 ,aramaic4 ,9 ! ,greek v]sion ! ?ree small ,apocryphal books1 ,hi/ory ( ,susannah1 ,song ( ! ,?ree ,holy ,*ildr51 & ,bel & ! ,dragon1 are includ$ 9 x4 ,! fact t ! ,jews plac$ ,daniel 9 ! ,hagiographa1 in/ead ( ! ,prophets1 is fatal to ! claims reg>d+ its au?or%ip & date4 ,ezra & ,nehemiah4 ,ezra & ,nehemiah = a "t con/itut$ "o book1 ,ezra4 ,?is 0 aft]w>ds divid$ into two books & call$ ,! ,fir/ & ,second books ( ,ezra4 ,bo? 7 ascrib$ to ,ezra4 ,subsequ5tly ! names 7 *ang$ to ^? by :i* !y are n[ kn[n1 & ! au?or%ip assign$ respectively to ,ezra & ,nehemiah4 ,t bo? 7 n compos$ by ! same au?or is %[n by ! fact t ea* conta9s a copy ( ! regi/] ( ! ,jews t return$ f ,babylon4 ,critics agree t ,ezra did n write all ( ! book :i* n[ be>s 8 "n--t x is ! "w ( v>i\s au?ors & 0 writt51 = ! mo/ "p1 long aft] ,ezra's "t4 ,a portion ( x 0 writt5 9 ,hebrew & ! rema9d] 9 ,aramaic4 ,nehemiah wrote1 at ! mo/1 b a "p ( ! book ascrib$ to him4 ,he did n write ! foll[+3 ,! ,levites 9 ! days ( ,elia%ib1 ,joiada1 & ,johanan1 & ,jaddua1 7 record$ *ief ( ! fa!rs2 also ! prie/s to ! reign ( ,d>ius ! ,p]sian 7xii1 #bb74 ,d>ius ! ,p]sian began to reign #ccf ,b4,c42 ,nehemiah wrote #dcc ,b4,c4 ,!re 7 9 ! days ( 444 ,nehemiah ! gov]nor 7xii1 #bf74 ,9 ! days ( ,nehemiah 7#dg74 ,^! passages %[ t ! book1 z a :ole1 0 n only n writt5 by ,nehemiah1 b n until long aft] ! "t ( ,nehemiah4 ,sp9oza says t bo? ,ezra & ,nehemiah 7 writt5 two or ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] ! "t claim$4 ,! lat] critics are g5]ally agre$ t nei!r ,ezra nor ,nehemiah _h any?+ to d ) ! composition ( ^! books4 ,fir/ & ,second ,*ronicles4 ,! conclud+ books ( ! ,hagiographa1 & ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 if arrang$ 9 _! prop] ord]1 are ,fir/ & ,second ,*ronicles4 ,!ologians tell u t !y 7 writt5 or compil$ by ,ezra #def ,b4,c4 ,by c>efully comp>+ ! g5ealogy giv5 9 ! ?ird *apt] ( #a ,*ronicles ) t giv5 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,mat!w1 x w be se5 t ! records ( ,*ronicles are br\ght d[n to )9 a few g5]ations ( ,jesus4 ,^! books are a compilation ( docum5ts made c5turies aft] ! "t t ,ezra & ,nehemiah are suppos$ to h complet$ ! canon ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! date assign$ = ! ,septuag9t translation4 ,! fragm5t>y "* ( _m ( ! books ( ! ,bible1 & p>ticul>ly ( ,*ronicles1 is %[n 9 ! conclusion ( ! second book4 ,x closes ) an unf9i%$ s5t5ce1 z foll[s3 ,! ,"l 8 ,god is ) him & let him g up--4 ,! conclud+ words may be f\nd 9 ano!r book ( ! ,bible--,ezra 7i1 #c73 ,to ,j]usalem1 :i* is 9 ,judah1 & build ! h\se ( ! ,"l ,god ( ,israel1 etc4 ,! fir/ v]ses ( ,ezra are id5tical ) ! la/ v]ses ( ,*ronicles4 ,! compil] ( ,*ronicles _h seem+ly begun to copy ! docum5t :i* n[ =ms a "p ( ! book ( ,ezra1 & 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce 0 sudd5ly call$ away f 8 "w1 nev] to resume & complete x4 ,we h n[ review$ ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,we h se5 t ! claims made 9 support ( _! au!nticity are1 = ! mo/ "p1 ei!r untrue or incapable ( pro(4 ,:5 & by :om ,g5esis1 ,exodus1 ,leviticus1 ,numb]s1 ,deut]onomy1 ,jo%ua1 ,judges1 ,ru?1 ,fir/ & ,second ,samuel1 ,fir/ & ,second ,k+s1 ,fir/ & ,second ,*ronicles1 ,ezra1 ,nehemiah1 ,e/h]1 ,job1 ,psalms1 ,prov]bs1 ,ecclesia/es1 ,song ( ,solomon1 ,lam5tations1 ,daniel1 ,jonah1 ,haggai1 & ,mala*i 7 writt5 is unkn[n4 ,isaiah1 ,j]emiah1 ,amos1 & ,ze*>iah wrote1 at ! mo/1 b portions ( ! books ascrib$ to !m4 ,! few rema9+ books may h be5 writt5 by ^? ^: names !y be>1 ?\gh ev5 ^! are veil$ 9 d\bt4 ,!re is n "o book 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ^: au!nticity1 l t ( _m anci5t ,greek & ,roman books1 is fully e/abli%$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,f\r ,,gospels4 ,! less] 9 size b ! great] 9 importance ( ! two divisions ( ! ,bible is ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! pr9cipal books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! mo/ highly valu$ by ,*ri/ians ( all ! books ( ! ,bible1 are ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,^! books1 x is affirm$1 7 writt5 by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 9 ! fir/ c5tury2 ,mat!w betwe5 #cg & #ej1 ,m>k & ,luke betwe5 #ef & #fc1 & ,john betwe5 #gh & #ig ,a4,d4 ,! or?odox claims reg>d+ ! orig9 ( ^! books are ?us express$ by ,dr4 ,hit*cock3 ,! ,f\r ,gospels are ! be/ au!nticat$ anci5t writ+s 9 ! _w2 s cle>1 weighty1 & ext5sive is ! mass ( te/imony 9 favor ( !m 7,analysis ( ! ,bible1 p4 #aadi74 ,^! f\r books1 toge!r con/itut+ ! be/ atte/$ piece ( hi/ory 9 ! _w1 7 writt5 by f\r eye-witnesses ( ! facts n>rat$ 7,ibid1 p4 #aaea74 ,mat!w & ,john 7 ,apo/les & ,m>k & ,luke 7 companions & disciples ( ,apo/les 7,ibid74 ,if ^! books are au!ntic & div9ely inspir$1 z claim$1 ,*ri/ianity is built ^u a rock1 & ! floods & w9ds ( adv]se criticism w beat aga9/ x 9 va92 b if !y are n au!ntic--if !y 7 n writt5 by ! ,evangeli/s nam$--if !y are m]ely anonym\s books1 writt5 "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ! ev5ts !y purport to record1 z _m cont5d1 !n x is built ^u ! s& & mu/ fall4 ,! ,apo/les4 ,*ri/ians claim to h an unbrok5 *a9 ( te/imony to ! g5u95ess & cr$ibility ( ! ,f\r ,gospels f ! alleg$ dates ( _! composition d[n to ! pres5t "t4 ,i %all endeavor to %[ t !y h no su* *a9 ( te/imony--t ! mo/ important "p ( x is want+4 ,tw5ty books--all ( ! rema9+ books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t b ?ree--are ascrib$ to ! ,apo/les ,paul1 ,pet]1 & ,john4 ,all ( ^! books1 x is affirm$1 7 writt5 aft] ,mat!w 0 writt51 & ab\t "o-half ( !m aft] ,m>k & ,luke 7 writt54 ,if ?is be true1 "s pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,synoptic ,gospels ought to be f\nd 9 ^! books4 ,( ! f\rte5 ,epi/les cr$it$ to ,paul all h be5 assign$ lat] dates ?an ,mat!w1 & a portion ( !m lat] dates ?an ,m>k & ,luke4 ,b !re is n a ^w to indicate t any "o ( ^! ,gospels 0 9 exi/5ce :5 ,paul wrote4 ,! two ,epi/les ( ,pet]1 x is claim$1 7 writt5 aft] ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke 7 writt54 ,b ^! ,epi/les conta9 no m5tion ( !m4 ,! f\r rema9+ books1 ,fir/1 ,second1 & ,?ird ,john & ,revelation1 are said to h be5 writt5 aft] ^! ,gospels 7 compos$4 ,_! reput$ au?or1 h[ev]1 kn[s no?+ ( ^! gospels4 ,! ?ree great ,apo/les are sil5t--?ree l9ks at ! v beg9n+ ( ?is *a9 are miss+4 ,! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs4 ,aft] ! ,apo/les1 & contempor>y ) ! olde/ ( !m1 come ! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs1 ,clem5t ( ,rome1 ,ignatius1 & ,polyc>p4 ,clem5t wrote ab\t ! close ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,!re are two ,epi/les cr$it$ to him1 b 9 ^! ,epi/les are to be f\nd no evid5ces ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,ignatius is said to h suff]$ m>tyrdom 9 ! ye> #aaf4 ,!re are fifte5 ,epi/les :i* be> 8 "n4 ,a few ( ^! are believ$ to be g5u9e1 :ile ! rema9d] are conc$$ to be =g]ies4 ,b 9 none ( !m1 nei!r 9 ! g5u9e nor 9 ! spuri\s1 is !re any evid5ce t ! ,gospels _h appe>$ :5 !y 7 writt54 ,polyc>p1 ,bi%op ( ,smyrna1 :o is said to h be5 ! companion ( ,john1 di$ at a v advanc$ age1 ab\t ! ye> #afg4 ,8 ,epi/le to ! ,philippians is extant1 b x conta9s no ref]5ce to ! ,gospels4 ,h]mas & ,b>nabas are usually class$ ) ! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs4 ,! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas & ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas make no m5tion ( ! ,evangeli/s4 ,t ! writ+s ( ! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs conta9 no pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,f\r ,gospels is admitt$ ev5 by ,*ri/ian writ]s4 ,dr4 ,we/cott admits x3 ,ref]5ce 9 ! sub-apo/olic age to ! disc\rses or actions ( our ,"l1 z we f9d !m record$ 9 ! ,gospels1 %[1 z f> z !y g1 t :at ! ,gospels relate 0 !n held to be true2 b x does n necess>ily foll[ t !y 7 already 9 use1 & 7 ! actual s\rce ( ! passages 9 "q4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! mode 9 :i* ,clem5t ref]s to our ,"l's tea*+--'! ,"l said1' n 'sai?'--seems to imply t he 0 indebt$ to tradition1 & n to any writt5 acc\nts1 = words mo/ closely resembl+ ^? :i* are /ill f\nd 9 our ,gospels4 ,! ma9 te/imony ( ! ,apo/olic ,fa!rs is1 !re=e1 to ! sub/ance1 & n to ! au!nticity ( ! ,gospels 7,on ! ,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 p4 #eb74 ,bi%op ,m>% makes ! foll[+ admission3 ,f ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas1 no inf]5ce c be d$uc$ t he _h read any "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,f ! g5u9e ,epi/le1 z x is call$1 ( ,clem5t ( ,rome1 x may be inf]r$ t ,clem5t _h read ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,f ! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas no inf]5ce :atsoev] c be drawn4 ,f ! ,epi/les ( ,ignatius x may be conclud$ t he _h read ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 & t !re exi/$ 9 8 "t evangelical writ+s1 ?\gh x _c be %[n t he has quot$ !m4 ,f ,polyc>p's ,epi/le to ! ,philippians x appe>s t he _h he>d ( ,/4 ,paul's ,epi/le to t community1 & he quotes a passage :i* is 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians & ano!r :i* is 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians2 b no positive conclusion c be drawn ) respect to any o!r epi/le1 or any ( ! ,f\r ,gospels 7,mi*aelis1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #ced74 ,dr4 ,dodwell says3 ,we h at ?is day c]ta9 mo/ au!ntic ecclesia/ical writ]s ( ! times1 z ,clem5s ,romanus1 ,b>nabas1 ,h]mas1 ,ignatius1 & ,polyc>p1 :o wrote 9 ! ord] :]e9 ,i h nam$ !m1 & aft] all ! writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b 9 ,h]mas y w n f9d "o passage or any m5tion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 nor 9 all ! re/ is any "o ( ! ,evangeli/s nam$ 7,diss]tations ^u ,ir5u74 ,pr(essor ,norton says3 ,:5 we endeavor to /r5g!n ?is evid5ce by appeal+ to ! writ+s ascrib$ to ,apo/olic ,fa!rs we1 9 fact1 weak5 its =ce4 ,at ! v extremity ( ! *a9 ( evid5ce1 :]e x ought to be /ronge/1 we are atta*+ defective l9ks :i* w be> no weight 7,g5u95ess ( ! ,gospels1 ,vol ,i41 p4 #ceg74 ,clem5t1 ,ignatius1 & ,polyc>p1 all ref] to ! ,epi/les ( ,paul1 %[+ t !y 7 9 exi/5ce :5 !y wrote & t !y 7 acqua9t$ ) !m4 ,b !y nev] m5tion ! ,f\r ,gospels1 & ?is sil5ce af=ds conclusive evid5ce t ^! books z au?oritative docum5ts did n exi/ 9 _! "t2 = x is unreasonable to suppose t !y w\ld use ! lea/ important & make no use ( ! mo/ important books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?ree additional & ?ree ( ! pr9cipal l9ks 9 ?is unbrok5 *a9 ( te/imony are want+1 & mu/ be suppli$ be=e ! au!nticity ( ! ,f\r ,gospels c be e/abli%$4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs _h no k ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ & "o ( ! mo/ em95t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs 0 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr4 ,he liv$ & wrote ab\t ! middle ( ! second c5tury4 ,8 writ+s are r volum9\s1 & are devot$ to ! task ( prov+ to bo? ,jews & ,g5tiles ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ & ! div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,if a ,*ri/ian writ] 7 to attempt to demon/rate ?is n[1 :]e w\ld he g = 8 au?ority8 ,to ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,^! w\ld con/itute 8 *ief--almo/ 8 entire au?ority4 ,n[1 _h ^! books be5 extant :5 ,ju/9 wrote1 & valu$ z !y are by ,*ri/ians to-day1 he w\ld h us$ !m1 he w\ld h quot$ f !m1 he w\ld h nam$ !m4 ,b he makes no use ( !m1 he nev] m5tions !m4 ,he makes m ?an ?ree hundr$ quotations f ! ,old ,te/am5t--,messianic prophecies1 etc4--& 9 ne>ly two hundr$ in/ances he names ! books f :i* he quotes4 ,he makes ne>ly "o hundr$ quotations f ,*ri/ian writ+s t are n[ consid]$ apocryphal1 b he makes none f ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,?is sil5ce ( ,ju/9 is ! mo/ damag+ argum5t t has be5 adduc$ aga9/ ! au!nticity ( ! ,gospels4 ,?is demon/rates "o ( two ?+s3 t ^! books 7 n 9 exi/5ce :5 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr wrote1 7 n 9 exi/5ce at ! middle ( ! second c5tury1 or if !y 71 ! =emo/ ,*ri/ian s*ol> ( 8 age reject$ !m4 ,recogniz+ ! significance ( ?is damag+ fact1 ,*ri/ian apologi/s h attempt$ to %[ t ,ju/9 0 acqua9t$ ) our ,gospels by cit+ extracts f 8 writ+s simil> to passages f\nd 9 !m4 ,we/cott adduces sev5 passages1 b admits t two only are :olly id5tical4 ,he says3 ,( ! sev51 five agree v]bally ) ! text ( ,/4 ,mat!w or ,/4 ,luke1 exhibit+1 inde$1 ?ree slight v>i\s read+s n else:]e f\nd1 b su* z are easily explicable4 ,! six? is a cond5s$ summ>y ( words relat$ by ,/4 ,mat!w2 ! sev5? alone pres5ts an important v>iation 9 ! text ( a v]se1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 o!rwise v unc]ta9 7,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 p4 #aca74 ,?9k ( ?is r5[n$ def5d] ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 attempt+ to e/abli% ! div9ity ( ,*ri/ by cit+ f\r hundr$ texts f ! ,old ,te/am5t & apocryphal books & two only f ! ,evangeli/s6 ,!re is really b "o passage 9 ! ,gospels to be f\nd 9 ,ju/94 ,b if x c\ld be %[n t !y conta9 _m passages simil> to1 or ev5 id5tical )1 passages f\nd 9 8 writ+s1 ?is w\ld n prove t he has quot$ f !m4 ,x is n claim$ t ^! ,gospels are m]e fabrications ( _! au?ors1 or t !y are compos$ entirely ( orig9al matt]4 ,!y consi/ l>gely ( traditions1 & ^! traditions1 _m ( !m1 7 embodi$ 9 o!r & old] books :i* 7 us$ by ! e>ly ,fa!rs4 ,:ile ! ,f\r ,gospels 7 n extant 9 ,ju/9's "t1 "s ( ! docum5ts ( :i* !y are compos$1 p>ticul>ly ^? conta9+ ! reput$ say+s ( ,jesus1 _h already appe>$ & 7 frequ5tly cit$ by ! ,fa!rs4 ,^! citations1 ,paley1 ,l>dn]1 ,we/cott1 & o!rs1 9 _! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity1 h adduc$ z pro(s ( ! e>ly orig9 ( ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,ju/9's quotations are *iefly f :at he calls ! ,memoirs ( ! ,apo/les4 ,^!1 x is claim$1 7 ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,if s1 !n ! gospels we h are n g5u9e1 = ! quotations f ! ,memoirs are n to be f\nd 9 our ,gospels4 ,ju/9 says t ,m>y 7n ,joseph7 0 desc5d$ f ,david2 t ,jesus 0 born 9 a cave2 t ! ,magi came f ,arabia2 t ,jesus made pl\ghs & yokes2 t a fire 0 k9dl$ 9 ! ,jordan at 8 baptism2 t he 0 call$ a magician4 ,! ,memoirs1 or ,gospels1 f :i* ,ju/9 quotes are n our ,gospels4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,giles repudiates ! claim t ,ju/9 ,m>tyr recogniz$ ! ,gospels4 ,he says3 ,! v names ( ! ,evangeli/s1 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 are nev] m5tion$ by him--d n occur once 9 all 8 works4 ,x is1 !re=e1 *ildi% to say t he has quot$ f our exi/+ ,gospels 7,*ri/ian ,records1 p4 #ga74 ,papias1 a ,*ri/ian bi%op & a contempor>y ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 is cit$ z a witness = ! ,gospels4 ,he is quot$ by ,eusebius z ref]r+ to writ+s ( ,mat!w & ,m>k4 ,b ! books he m5tions are pla9ly n ! gospels ( ,mat!w & ,m>k4 ,( ,mat!w he says3 ,mat!w compos$ ! oracles 9 ! ,hebrew dialect1 & e "o int]pret$ !m z he 0 able 7,eusebius' ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 book iii1 p4 #ci74 ,?is 0 n ! biographical n>rative kn[n z ,mat!w1 b probably an apocryphal book call$ ! ,oracles ( ,*ri/1 :i* "s ascrib$ to ,mat!w4 ,m>k is ref]r$ to z foll[s3 ,m>k hav+ become ! int]pret] ( ,pet]1 wrote accurately :atev] he rememb]$1 ?\gh he did n arrange 9 ord] ! ?+s :i* 7 ei!r said or done by ,*ri/4 ,= he nei!r he>d ! ,"l1 nor foll[$ him2 b aft]w>ds1 z ,i said1 accompani$ ,pet]1 :o adapt$ 8 tea*+ to ! occasion1 & n z mak+ a consecutive record ( ! ,"l's disc\rses 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 book iii1 p4 #ci74 ,?is does n describe our ,gospel ( ,m>k1 :i*1 al?\gh a compilation1 is a consecutive n>rative ( ev5ts1 & n a collection ( isolat$ fragm5ts4 ,b ev5 if ,papias 0 acqua9t$ ) ! ,gospels1 he is a poor witness to _! cr$ibility1 = he accept$ ! tea*+s ( tradition 9 pref]5ce to ! books :i* he knew3 ,i held t :at 0 to be d]iv$ f books did n pr(it me z t f ! liv+ & abid+ voice tradition 7,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 iii1 #ci74 ,dr4 ,davidson admits t ! books m5tion$ by ,papias 7 n our ,gospels4 ,he says3 ,papias speaks ( ,mat!w & ,m>k1 b x is mo/ probable t he _h docum5ts :i* ei!r =m$ ! basis ( our pres5t ,mat!w & ,m>k or 7 tak5 into !m & writt5 ov] 7,canon ( ! ,bible1 p4 #abd74 ,he nei!r felt ! want nor knew ! exi/5ce ( inspir$ ,gospels 7,ibid1 p4 #abc74 ,! writ+s ( ?irty ,*ri/ian au?ors :o wrote prior to #agj are /ill extant4 ,9 all ^! writ+s !re is to be f\nd no m5tion ( ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ,!ophilus1 bi%op ( ,antio*1 occurs ! foll[+3 ,john says3 ',9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & ! ,^w 0 ,god4' ,?is 0 writt5 9 #ahj1 aft] ! middle ( ! latt] half ( ! second c5tury1 & is ! e>lie/ pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( any "o ( ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,ir5u1 bi%op ( ,lyons1 :o wrote ab\t #aij1 is ! e>lie/ writ] :o m5tions all ( ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,he names !m2 he decl>es !m to be inspir$2 he makes f\r hundr$ quotations f !m4 ,! ,f\r ,gospels 7 9 exi/5ce :5 ,ir5u wrote1 & !y 7 und\bt$ly compos$ betwe5 ! "t ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr & ! "t ( ,ir5u--t is1 "s "t dur+ ! latt] half ( ! second c5tury4 ,writ]s on ! evid5ces ( ,*ri/ianity endeavor to e/abli% ! g5u95ess ( ! ,f\r ,gospels by %[+ t ! ,fa!rs :o liv$ & wrote dur+ ! two c5turies foll[+ ! m9i/ry & dea? ( ,jesus accept$ & quot$ !m z au?orities4 ,!y cr$it ^! ,fa!rs ) m ?an f\r ?\s& evangelical quotations4 ,b :]e are ^! quotations to be f\nd8 ,ne>ly all ( !m 9 ,ir5u1 ,clem5s ( ,alex&ria1 ,t]tullian1 & ,orig51 :ile 9 ,clem5t ( ,rome1 ,ignatius1 ,polyc>p1 & ,ju/9 ,m>tyr few or none are claim$4 ,! fact t ! writ+s ( ! ,fa!rs :i* appe>$ imm$iately aft] #ahj conta9 ?\s&s ( evangelical ref]5ces1 :ile 9 all ! writ+s :i* appe>$ be=e #agj ! evangeli/s are n ev5 nam$1 af=ds conclusive evid5ce t ! ,f\r ,gospels 7 compos$ dur+ or ne> ! decade t elaps$ betwe5 #agj & #ahj ,a4,d4 ,int]nal ,evid5ce4 ,! ,f\r ,gospels d n claim to h be5 compos$ by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john4 ,! titles are n ,! ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 ,! ,gospel ( ,m>k1 ,! ,gospel ( ,luke1 & ,! ,gospel ( ,john1 b ,! ,gospel ,accord+ to ,mat!w1 ,! ,gospel ,accord+ to ,m>k1 ,! ,gospel ,accord+ to ,luke1 & ,! ,gospel ,accord+ to ,john4 ,! titles simply imply t !y are accord+ to ! real or traditional tea*+s ( ^! ,evangeli/s4 ,s f> z ! textual au?or%ip is conc]n$1 !y are1 & d n purport to be o!r ?an1 anonym\s books4 ,omit ^! titles1 & n "o ^w rema9s to indicate _! au?or%ip4 ,n[1 x is admitt$ t ^! books did n orig9ally be> ^! titles4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 :o believes t !y are g5u9e1 says 7,homilies i7 t ! au?ors did n place _! names at ! head ( _! ,gospels1 b t ?is 0 aft]w>d done by ! *ur*4 ,!re is no?+ 9 !m to support ! claim t !y 7 writt5 by ^? ^: names h be5 prefix$4 ,on ! contr>y1 _! cont5ts furni% conclusive pro(s t !y 7 n writt5 by ^! suppos$ au?ors1 nor 9 ! apo/olic age4 ,mat!w4 ,*ri/ians believe t ,mat!w's ,gospel 0 writt5 9 ,hebrew4 ,our ,mat!w 0 writt5 9 ,greek4 ,an attempt has be5 made to expla9 ! discrepancy by assum+ t ,mat!w wrote 8 book 9 ,hebrew1 & subsequ5tly rewrote x 9 ,greek1 or translat$ x into ?is language4 ,b ano!r difficulty rema9s4 ,! quotations f ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ,mat!w1 & !re are _m1 are tak51 n f ! ,hebrew1 b f ! ,septuag9t 7,greek7 v]sion4 ,?is proves t x 0 orig9ally writt5 9 ,greek & n 9 ,hebrew4 ,! ,gospel ,accord+ to ! ,hebrews1 x is affirm$1 0 ! ,hebrew =m ( ,mat!w4 ,if ?is be true1 !n our ,greek ,mat!w _c be a correct translation1 = ! passages f ! ,gospel ( ! ,hebrews :i* h be5 pres]v$ are n to be f\nd 9 ,mat!w4 ,! foll[+ quotations are f ! ,gospel ( ! ,hebrews1 ?is suppos$ orig9al ,gospel ( ,mat!w3 ,he :o wond]s %all reign1 & he :o reigns %all re/4 ,!n ! ri* man began to smite 8 head1 & x pleas$ him n4 ,! ,holy ,gho/1 my "m1 lately took me by "o ( my hairs1 & bore me to ! great m\nta9 ,tabor4 ,i am a mason1 :o get my livelihood by my h&s2 ,i besee* !e1 ,jesus1 t ?\ w\ld/ re/ore to me my /r5g?1 t ,i may no long] ?us sc&al\sly beg my bread4 ,if ^! passages are f ! orig9al ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 !n ! accept$ ,gospel ( ,mat!w is spuri\s4 ,?is ,hebrew ,gospel 0 ! ,gospel ( ! ,ebionites & ,naz>5es4 ,eusebius says3 ,!y ! ,ebionites made use only ( t :i* is call$ ! ,gospel ,accord+ to ! ,hebrews4 ,epiphanius says3 ,!y ! ,naz>5es h ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w mo/ entire 9 ! ,hebrew language4 ,/4 ,j]ome ref]s to x z ! ,gospel :i* ! ,naz>5es & ,ebionites use4 ,ref]r+ to ^! sects1 ,dr4 ,hug1 ! em95t ,ca?olic critic1 says3 ,! ,ebionites d5i$ ! miracul\s conception ( ,*ri/1 &1 ) ! ,naz>5es1 look$ ^u him only z an ord9>y man4 ,! ,gospel :i* ^! sects accept$ z _! au?ority c\ld n h be5 our ,gospel ( ,mat!w1 because ! mo/ important "p ( ?is ,gospel is ! /ory ( ! miracul\s conception4 ,:ile ! claim t ,mat!w wrote 8 ,gospel 9 ,hebrew is vigor\sly ma9ta9$1 ! claim t he aft]w>ds translat$ x into ,greek himself is s manife/ly unt5able t _m h conc$$ its improbability4 ,j]ome says3 ,:o aft]w>ds translat$ x ,mat!w into ,greek is n suffici5tly c]ta94 ,! consequ5ces ( ?is admission are ?us reluctantly express$ by ,mi*aelis3 ,if ! orig9al text ( ,mat!w is lo/1 & we h no?+ b a ,greek translation3 !n1 frankly1 we _c ascribe any div9e inspiration to ! words4 ,two texts may be cit$ f ,mat!w :i* prove a lat] date = ! ,gospel ?an t claim$4 ,jesus1 9 upbraid+ ! ,jews1 is report$ to h us$ ! foll[+ language3 ,^u y may come all ! righte\s blood %$ ^u ! e>?1 f ! blood ( righte\s ,abel unto ! blood ( ,za*>ias1 son ( ,b>a*ias1 :om ye slew betwe5 ! temple & ! alt> 7xxiii1 #ce74 ,za*>ias1 ! son ( ,b>u* 7,b>\*os71 :o is und\bt$ly meant1 0 sla9 9 ! temple ab\t #fi ,a4,d4 ,?us ,mat!w makes ,jesus ref] to an ev5t t occurr$ =ty ye>s aft] 8 dea? & tw5ty or ?irty ye>s aft] ! ,gospel ( ,mat!w is said to h be5 writt54 ,dr4 ,hug admits t ?is is ! ,za*>ias ref]r$ to4 ,he says3 ,!re _c be a d\bt1 if we att5d to ! "n1 ! fact & its circum/ances1 & ! object ( ,jesus 9 cit+ x1 t x 0 ! same ,za*>ias ,b>\*os1 :o1 accord+ to ,josephus1 a %ort "t be=e ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 0 unju/ly sla9 9 ! temple4 ,reg>d+ ?is passage 9 ,mat!w1 ,pr(essor ,newman1 ( ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london1 says3 ,!re is no o!r man kn[n 9 hi/ory to :om ?is v]se c allude4 ,if s1 x %[s h[ late1 h[ ignorant1 h[ ra%1 is ! compos] ( a text pass$ (f on u z sacr$ tru? 7,religion ,n ,hi/ory1 p4 #df74 ,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build my *ur*2 & ! gates ( hell %all n prevail aga9/ x4 ,& ,i w give unto !e ! keys ( ! k+dom ( heav52 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt b9d on e>? %all be b\nd 9 heav52 & :atsoev] ?\ %alt loose on e>? %all be loos$ 9 heav5 7xvi1 #ah1 #ai74 ,?is passage 0 writt5 at ! beg9n+ ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic hi]>*y1 = ! purpose ( secur+ ! recognition ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 7! f\nd+ ( :i* tradition assign$ to ,pet]7 z ! *ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,bi%op ,m>%1 9 8 ,mi*aelis1 says3 ,if ! argum5ts 9 favor ( a late date = ! composition ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel be comp>$ ) ^? 9 favor ( an e>ly date1 x w be f\nd t ! =m] greatly outweigh ! latt]4 ,dr4 ,davidson admits t ,mat!w is an anonym\s "w4 ,he says3 ,! au?or1 inde$1 mu/ ev] rema9 unkn[n 7,introduction to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 p4 #gb74 ,m>k4 ,z to :]e ! ,gospel ( ,m>k 0 writt51 :e!r 9 ,asia1 9 ,africa1 or 9 ,europe1 is unkn[n4 ,"s believe t x 0 writt5 at ,antio*2 ,*ryso/om /ates t x 0 writt5 at ,alex&ria2 ,ir5u says t x 0 writt5 at ,rome4 ,if x 0 writt5 at ,rome x 0 probably writt5 9 ,lat9 in/ead ( ,greek4 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y conc$es t x ab\nds 9 ,lat9 words4 ,! foll[+ is an example3 ,& he ask$ him1 ,:at is ?y "n8 ,& he answ]$1 say+1 ,my "n is ,legion3 = we are _m 7v4 #i74 ,comm5t+ on ?is passage1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,giles says3 ,! ,f\r ,gospels are writt5 9 ,greek1 & ! ^w 'legion' is ,lat92 b 9 ,galilee & ,p]ea ! p spoke nei!r ,lat9 nor ,greek1 b ,hebrew1 or a dialect ( x4 ,! ^w 'legion' w\ld be p]fectly un9telligible to ! disciples ( ,*ri/1 & to almo/ ev]ybody 9 ! c\ntry 7,*ri/ian ,records1 p4 #aig74 ,if x 0 writt5 9 ,lat91 !n our ,greek ,m>k1 l ,mat!w1 in/ead ( be+ an orig9al ,gospel1 is simply an unau!nticat$ translation4 ,m>k has g5]ally be5 consid]$ a ,petr9e ,gospel2 or?odox ,*ri/ians claim+ t ,pet] dictat$ ! ,gospel to ,m>k4 ,discuss+ ?is claim1 ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,?r\gh\t ! ,gospel !re is ! total abs5ce ( any?+ :i* is specially *>act]i/ic ( ,petr9e influ5ce & tea*+ 7,vol4 ,i41 p4 #cfb74 ,volkm> & o!rs decl>e x to be ,paul9e4 ,"o ?+ c be affirm$ ) c]ta9ty2 x 0 n writt5 by ,john ,m>k1 nei!r 0 x dictat$ by ,pet]4 ,! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,m>k1 x is claim$1 are an int]polation1 because !y are n to be f\nd 9 ! old] manuscripts ( ! book4 ,! ,revision ,committee :i* prep>$ ! ,new ,v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t pron\nc$ !m spuri\s4 ,if ^! v]ses are n g5u9e1 !n x mu/ be admitt$ t ! second ,gospel is ei!r an unf9i%$ or a mutilat$ "w2 = ) ^! v]ses omitt$1 x ends abruptly ) ! visit ( ! wom5 to ! tomb1 leav+ ! mo/ important ev5ts at ! close ( ,*ri/'s c>e]1 8 appe>ance & asc5sion--! pro(s ( 8 resurrection--unrecord$4 ,! great] portion ( ,m>k is to be f\nd 9 ,mat!w & ,luke1 & mu* ( x 9 ! same or simil> language4 ,judge ,waite1 9 8 review ( ! ,gospel1 says3 ,m>k has almo/ a complete p>allel 9 ,luke & ,mat!w tak5 toge!r4 ,!re are b #bd v]ses :i* h no p>allel 9 ei!r ( ! o!r synoptics 7,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 p4 #cej74 ,reg>d+ ! orig9 ( ,m>k1 ,/rauss says3 ,our second ,gospel _c h orig9at$ f recollections ( ,pet]'s in/ructions1 i4 e41 f a s\rce peculi> to itself1 s9ce x is evid5tly a compilation1 :e!r made f memory or o!rwise1 f ! fir/ & ?ird ,gospels 7,life ( ,jesus1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #ea74 ,t nei!r ,pet] nor ,m>k _h any?+ to d ) ! composition ( ?is book is admitt$ by ,davidson4 ,ref]r+ to x he says3 ,x has !re=e no relation to ! ,apo/le1 & d]ives no sanction f 8 "n4 ,! au?or is unkn[n 7,introduction to ,new ,te/am5t1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #hd74 ,luke4 ,9 d5y+ ! au!nticity ( ,m>k & ,luke1 :at ,i d5y is t ^! books 7 writt5 by ! traditional ,m>k & ,luke1 ! companions ( ,pet] & ,paul4 ,i d5y t !y 7 writt5 9 ! apo/olic age & by apo/olic au?ority4 ,z /at$ by ,*amb]s's ,encyclop$ia1 ! "q z to _! g5u95ess is 9 ! ma9 "q z to ! fact ( _! exi/5ce at ?is e>ly p]iod2 ! special au?or%ip ( ea* ,gospel is a comp>atively less important "q4 ,! book ( ,luke is anonym\s2 x does n claim to be writt5 by ,luke4 ,& yet ! ,fa!rs may h be5 correct 9 ascrib+ its au?or%ip to him4 ,if s1 :o 0 ?is ,luke8 ,:]e did he live8 ,:5 did he write 8 book8 ,*amb]s's says he 0 born1 accord+ to ! acc\nts ( ! ,*ur* ,fa!rs1 at ,antio*1 9 ,syria4 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says1 ,he 0 born at ,antio*4 ,! ,gospel is address$ to ,!ophilus4 ,:o 0 ,!ophilus8 ,! ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,f ! honorable epi!t appli$ to him 9 ,luke i1 #c1 x has be5 argu$ ) mu* probability t he 0 a p]son 9 high (ficial position4 ,!re is b "o ,!ophilus kn[n to hi/ory to :om ! writ] c possibly ref]1 & ?is is ,!ophilus1 ,bi%op ( ,antio*1 :o liv$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! second c5tury4 ,luke & ,!ophilus1 !n1 bo? belong$ to ,antio*1 & x is und\bt$ly to ?is ,!ophilus t ,luke's ,gospel is address$4 ,?is proves t x 0 writt5 m ?an "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ! date assign$ = its composition4 ,:5 ,luke assum$ ! task ( writ+ a ,gospel1 ,mat!w1 x has be5 claim$1 0 ! only ,gospel extant4 ,& yet ,luke 9 8 introduction decl>es t _m _h be5 writt52 all ( :i* he admits 7 g5u9e4 ,j]ome says t "o ( ! ,gospels :i* ,luke ref]s to 0 ! ,gospel ( ,appelles3 ,! ,evangeli/1 ,luke1 decl>es t !re 7 _m :o wrote ,gospels4444 ,!y 7 su* z t accord+ to ! ,egyptians1 & ,?omas1 & ,mat?ias1 & ,b>?olomew1 t ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les1 & ,basilides1 & ,appelles1 & o!rs4 ,! ,gospel ( ,appelles 0 writt5 ab\t #fj ,a4,d4 ,if ,luke's ,gospel 0 writt5 aft] ! ,gospel ( ,appelles1 x 0 writt5 aft] ! middle ( ! second c5tury4 ,dr4 ,s*lei]ma*]1 "o ( ! greate/ ( mod]n !ologians1 ma9ta9s t ,luke is a compilation ( ?irty-?ree diff]5t manuscripts2 z foll[s3 ,*apt] i1 #a-d2 i1 #e-hj2 ii1 #a-bj2 ii1 #ba2 ii1 #bb-dj2 ii1 #da-eb2 iii1 iv1 #a-ae2 iv1 #af-cj2 iv1 #ca-dd2 v1 #a-aa2 v1 #ab-af2 v1 #ag-bf2 v1 #bg-ci1 vi1 #a-aa2 vi1 #ab-di2 vii1 #a-aj2 vii1 #aa-ej2 viii1 #a-ba2 viii1 #bb-ef2 ix1 #a-de2 ix1 #df-ej2 ix1 #ea-fb2 x1 #a-bd2 x1 #be-cg2 x1 #ch-db2 xi1 #a-ac2 xi1 #ad-ed2 xii1 xiii1 #a-i2 xiii1 #aj-bb2 xiii1 #bc-ce2 xiv1 #a-bd2 xiv1 #be-ce2 xv1 xvi1 xvii1 #a-ai2 xvii1 #bj-cg2 xviii1 xix1 xx2 xxi2 xxii1 xxiii1 #a-di2 xxiii1 #ej-ef2 xxiv4 ,bi%op ,?irlwall's ,s*lei]ma*] conta9s ! foll[+ 9 reg>d to ! composition ( ,luke3 ,! ma9 position is firmly e/abli%$ t ,luke is nei!r an indep5d5t writ]1 nor has made a compilation f works :i* ext5d$ ov] ! :ole c\rse ( ! life ( ,jesus4 ,he is f beg9n+ to end no m ?an ! compil] & arrang] ( docum5ts :i* he f\nd 9 exi/5ce1 & :i* he all[s to pass unalt]$ ?r\gh 8 h&s 7p4 #cac74 ,! imm$iate s\rce ( ,luke's ,gospel 0 und\bt$ly ! ,gospel ( ,m>cion1 itself a compilation ( old] docum5ts4 ,ref]r+ to ?is ,gospel1 ! ,rev4 ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld says3 ,! arrangem5t is s simil> t we are =c$ to ! conclusion t x 0 ei!r us$ by ,/4 ,luke or t x 0 8 orig9al composition4 ,if he us$ x1 !n 8 "r to ! title ( au?or ( ! ,?ird ,gospel falls to ! gr\nd1 z :at he add$ 0 ( small am\nt 7,lo/ & ,ho/ile ,gospels74 ,! ,synoptics4 ,! ,synoptics ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke1 x is claim$1 are orig9al & indep5d5t compositions1 & ! olde/ ( all ! ,gospels1 bo? canonical & apocryphal4 ,?is claim is disprov$ by ! =m & "* ( _! cont5ts4 ,"o ( two ?+s is c]ta93 ei!r ^! writ]s copi$ f ea* o!r1 or all copi$ f old] docum5ts4 ,! foll[+1 :i* are b a few ( ! _m passages t might be adduc$1 af=d unmi/akable evid5ce ( ?is3 ,mat!w--,!y 7 a/oni%$ at 8 doctr9e 7xxii1 #cc74 ,m>k--,!y 7 a/oni%$ at 8 doctr9e 7i1 #bb74 ,luke--,!y 7 a/oni%$ at 8 doctr9e 7iv1 #cb74 ,mat!w--,= he taught !m z "o hav+ au?ority1 & n z ! scribes 7vii1 #bi74 ,m>k--,= he taught !m z "o t _h au?ority1 & n z ! scribes 7i1 #bb74 ,mat!w--,:ile he yet spake1 lo1 ,judas1 "o ( ! twelve1 came1 & ) him a great multitude1 ) swords & /aves1 f ! *ief prie/s1 etc4 7xxvi1 #dg74 ,m>k--,:ile he yet spake1 come? ,judas1 "o ( ! twelve1 & ) him a great multitude ) swords & /aves1 f ! *ief prie/s1 etc4 7xiv1 #dc74 ,mat!w--,& )\t a p>able spake he n unto !m 7xiii1 #cd74 ,m>k--,b )\t a p>able spake he n unto !m 7iv1 #cd74 ,mat!w--,s\ght opportunity to betray him 7xxvi1 #af74 ,luke--,s\ght opportunity to betray him 7xxii1 #f74 ,m>k--,b !y und]/ood n t say+ 7ix1 #cb74 ,luke--,b !y und]/ood n ?is say+ 7ix1 #de74 ,! !ory t ! ,synoptics borr[$ f ea* o!r w acc\nt = ! agreem5ts 9 _! books2 b x w n acc\nt = ! disagreem5ts1 & ^! are q z num]\s z ! agreem5ts4 ,! foll[+ hypo!sis1 h[ev]1 w acc\nt = bo?4 ,:5 ! ,synoptics 7 compos$ probably fifty gospels1 "s ( rec5t & o!rs ( e>ly orig91 7 already 9 exi/5ce4 ,9 addition to ^! 7 a hundr$ o!r docum5ts p]ta9+ to ,*ri/ & 8 tea*+s4 ,f ?is mass ( ,gospel lit]ature ! ,synoptics 7 compil$4 ,^? portions t agree 7 tak5 f a common s\rce2 ^? t d n agree 7 tak5 f diff]5t docum5ts4 ,dean ,al=d believes t 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! *ur* !re exi/$ :at he t]ms a common sub/ratum ( apo/olic tea*+s1 oral or p>tially docum5t>y4 ,?is1 he says1 ,i believe to h be5 ! orig9al s\rce ( ! common "p ( our ?ree ,gospels4 ,canon ,we/cott admits t _! sub/ance is evid5tly mu* old] ?an _! =m4 ,pr(essor ,ladd1 ( ,yale ,college1 says3 ,9 "s respects ea* ( ! fir/ ?ree ,gospels mu/ be reg>d$ z a compilation2 x consi/s ( mat]ial :i* ! o!rs h 9 common ) x1 & :i* 0 ( a traditional k9d m or less prep>$ be=e ! au?or ( ! p>ticul> ,gospel took x 9 h& to modify & re>range x 7,:at ,is ! ,bible8 p4 #bie74 ,bi%op ,m>%1 9 8 ,mi*aelis1 says3 ,! notion ( an absolute indep5d5ce1 9 respect to ! composition ( our ?ree fir/ ,gospels1 is no long] t5able 7,vol4 ,,iii1 "p #b1 p4 #agj74 ,pr(4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ( ,scotl&1 pron\nces !m unapo/olic dige/s ( ! second c5tury4 ,evanson goes fur!r & decl>es !m to be spuri\s fictions ( ! second c5tury4 ,! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica conc$es ! fact t ,prote/ant s*ol>%ip 9 ,europe has virtually ab&on$ ! popul> or?odox position reg>d+ ! orig9 ( ^! books4 ,x says3 ,x is c]ta9 t ! ,synoptic ,gospels took _! pres5t =m only by degrees1 & t :ile !y h _! root 9 ! apo/olic age1 !y are fa%ion$ by lat] influ5ces & adapt$ to special wants 9 ! e>ly *ur*4 ,!y are ! deposits1 9 %ort1 ( ,*ri/ian traditions h&$ d[n fir/ ( all 9 an oral =m1 be=e be+ committ$ to writ+ 9 su* a =m z we h !m2 & ?is is n[ an accept$ conclusion ( e hi/orical s*ool ( !ologians 9 ,engl& no less ?an 9 ,g]many1 cons]vative no less ?an radical4 ,john4 ,9 addition to :at has already be5 adduc$ aga9/ ! ,johann9e au?or%ip ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 ,i submit ! foll[+3 #a4 ,john1 ! disciple ( ,jesus1 0 an unlett]$ fi%]man4 ,! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel 0 an accompli%$ s*ol> & a poli%$ writ]4 ,8 book is "o ( ! classics ( ,*ri/ian lit]ature4 #b4 ,! ,apo/le ,john 0 born at ,be?saida4 ,! au?or ( ,john says t ,be?saida 0 9 ,galilee 7xii1 #ba74 ,be?saida 0 n 9 ,galilee1 b 9 ,p]ea1 & to ass]t t ,john wrote ?is ,gospel is to ass]t t he 0 ignorant ( ! location ( 8 own t[n4 #c4 ,9 ,be?any beyond ,jordan 7,new ,v]4 i1 #bh74 ,9 ,enon ne> to ,salim 7iii1 #bc74 ,a city ( ,sam>ia1 call$ ,sy*> 7iv1 #e74 ,^! passages 7 writt5 by "o little acqua9t$ ) ! geography ( ,pale/9e & unfamili> ) ! sc5es he attempts to describe4 #d4 ,john1 ! son ( ,zeb$ee1 0 a ,jew4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel always ref]s to ! ,jews is conclusive evid5ce t he 0 n a ,jew4 #e4 ,! ,synoptics /ate t ,jesus celebrat$ ! ,passov] ) 8 disciples1 & 0 crucifi$ on ! foll[+ day4 ,! au?or ( ,john /ates t he 0 crucifi$ on ! previ\s day1 & !re=e did n p>take ( ! ,pas*al supp]4 ,9 ! second c5tury a great controv]sy arose 9 ! *ur* reg>d+ ?is4 ,^? :o accept$ ! acc\nt giv5 9 ! ,synoptics obs]v$ ! fea/1 :ile ^? :o accept$ ! acc\nt giv5 9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel reject$ x4 ,n[1 we h ! te/imony ( ,ir5u t ,john himself obs]v$ ?is fea/4 ,= nei!r c\ld ,anicetus p]suade ,polyc>p n to obs]ve x1 because he _h ev] obs]v$ x ) ,john1 ! disciple ( our ,"l 7,aga9/ ,h]esies1 iii1 #c74 ,z ,john accept$ ! acc\nt :i* appe>s 9 ! ,synoptics & reject$ t :i* appe>s 9 ! ,gospel ( ,john1 he c\ld n h writt5 ! ,f\r? ,gospel4 #f4 ,! disciple ,john is repres5t$ z /&+ at ! cross & witness+ ! crucifixion4 ,! au?or ( ,john does n claim to h be5 pres5t1 b appeals to ! te/imony ( an eye-witness 9 support ( 8 /atem5ts3 ,& he t saw x b>e record1 & 8 record is true 7xix1 #ce74 #g4 ,n[1 !re 0 lean+ on ,jesus' bosom "o ( 8 disciples :om he lov$ 7xiii1 #bc74 ,! disciple /&+ by1 :om he lov$ 7xix1 #bf74 ,to ,simon ,pet]1 & to ! o!r disciple1 :om ,jesus lov$ 7xx1 #b74 ,?is belov$ disciple is said to be ,john4 ,! ,synoptics1 h[ev]1 d n repres5t ,john z ! favorite disciple4 ,if !re 0 "o disciple :om ,jesus lov$ m ?an ! o!rs1 x 0 ,pet]4 ,to ascribe to ,john ! au?or%ip ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel is to ascribe to him a _s ( self-glorification t is simply disgu/+4 #h4 ,& _m o!r signs truly did ,jesus 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 disciples1 :i* are n writt5 9 ?is book3 b ^! are writt51 t ye might believe t ,jesus is ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god3 & t believ+ ye might h life ?r\gh 8 "n 7xx1 #cj1 #ca74 ,?us concludes ! orig9al ,gospel ,accord+ to ,/4 ,john4 ,?is book 0 n writt5 by ,john1 b x 0 writt5 by a disciple ( ,john = ,johann9e ,*ri/ians4 ,:5 ! ,roman ,ca?olic hi]>*y 0 =m$ & ! ,gospel ( ,john 0 admitt$ to ! ,new ,te/am5t canon1 !re 0 app5d$ ano!r *apt]--a =g]y4 ,! h]o ( ?is *apt] is ,pet]4 ,a doz5 times ,jesus calls him by "n4 ,to him ,jesus gives ! (t repeat$ injunction1 ,fe$ my lambs2 fe$ my %eep4 ,?is *apt] 0 add$ to c\nt]act ! ,johann9e influ5ce & exalt ! ,petr9e tea*+s s de> to ,rome4 ,to give an appe>ance ( g5u95ess to ?is =g]y1 ! disciple :om ,jesus lov$ is aga9 introduc$ & decl>$ ! au?or ( ! ,gospel1 ?us mak+ ,john himself a support] ( ,petr9e supremacy4 #i4 ,"s ( ! mo/ important ev5ts 9 ! life ( ,jesus1 ! ,synoptics /ate1 7 witness$ by ,john4 ,! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel kn[s no?+ ab\t !m4 ,all ! ev5ts said to h be5 witness$ by ,john alone are omitt$ by ,john alone4 ,?is fact seems fatal ei!r to ! reality ( ! ev5ts 9 "q or to ! g5u95ess ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel 7,greg74 #aj4 ,ev5 ,*ri/ians h tacitly admitt$ ! hopelessness ( ma9ta9+ ! au!nticity ( bo? ! ,f\r? ,gospel & ! ,synoptics4 ,if ! ,synoptics are au!ntic1 ! ,f\r? ,gospel _c be4 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,9 ! ,f\r? ,gospel ! n>rative co9cides ) t ( ! o!r ?ree 9 a few passages only4 ,putt+ aside ! acc\nt ( ! ,passion1 !re are only ?ree facts :i* ,john relates 9 common ) ! o!r ,evangeli/s 7,art4 ,gospels74 #aa4 ,! au?or ( ,john decl>es ,jesus to be ,god4 ,! complete deification ( ,jesus 0 ! gr[? ( g5]ations4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians1 includ+ ! ,apo/les1 believ$ him to be a man4 ,lat]1 he became a demi-god1 & ! writ+s & traditions :i* repres5t$ him z su* =m$ ! mat]ials f :i* ! ,synoptics 7 compil$4 ,n until ! latt] "p ( ! second c5tury 0 ,jesus plac$ among ! gods1 & n until ?is "t 0 ! ,f\r? ,gospel writt54 ,allud+ to ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 ,canon ,we/cott says3 ,! e>lie/ acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! ,gospel is already leg5d>y4 ,pr(essor ,davidson says3 ,! ,johann9e au?or%ip has rec$$ be=e ! tide ( mod]n criticism1 & ?\gh ?is tide is arbitr>y at times x is "h irresi/ible 7,canon ( ! ,bible1 p4 #abg74 ,f a "w entitl$ ,! ,new ,bible & ,its ,uses ,pr(4 ,&rew ,d4 ,:ite1 our pres5t m9i/] to ,g]many1 9 8 ,w>f>e ( ,sci5ce 7vol4 ii1 p4 #cjf71 quotes ! foll[+ 9 relation to ,john1 :i* %[s h[ rapidly ! suppos$ au!nticity ( ,bible books is disappe>+ be=e ! inve/igations ( ! ,high] ,critics3 ,9 ! p]iod ( ?irty ye>s end+ 9 #ahfj1 ( ! fifty great au?orities 9 ?is l9e1 f\r to "o 7 9 favor ( ! ,johann9e au?or%ip4444 ,( ^? :o h contribut$ important articles to ! discussion f #ahhj to #ahij1 ab\t two to "o reject ! ,johann9e au?or%ip ( ! ,gospel 9 its pres5t %ape--t is to say1 :ile =ty ye>s ago great s*ol>s 7 f\r to "o 9 favor (1 !y are n[ two to "o aga9/1 ! claim t ! ,apo/le ,john wrote ! ,gospel z we h x4 ,! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,! pr9cipal reason = reject+ bo? ! reput$ au?or%ip & ! cr$ibility ( ! ,f\r ,gospels is ! contradictory "* ( _! cont5ts4 ,if ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a hi/orical p]sonage1 z ,*ri/ians believe1 ^! alleg$ biographies 7 n writt5 by 8 ,apo/les & _! companions2 nei!r 7 !y compil$ f au!ntic records4 ,! ,greek text ( ! ,gospels disproves _! au!nticity4 ,_! assign$ au?ors1 or two ( !m at lea/1 7 unle>n$ ,jews4 ,_! "w 0 conf9$ *iefly to ! l[] classes ( _! c\ntrym51 9 a l& :]e ,greek 0 almo/ unkn[n4 ,! absurdity ( ?is is %[n by ,mrs4 ,besant3 ,! only p>allel = s curi\s a ph5om5on z ^! ,greek ,gospels1 writt5 by ignorant ,jews1 w\ld be if a ,corni% fi%]man & a l[ ,london attorney1 bo? p]fectly ignorant ( ,g]man1 wrote 9 ,g]man ! say+s & do+s ( a ,middlesex c>p5t]1 & z _! "w 0 entirely conf9$ to ! l[] classes ( ! p1 :o knew no?+ ( ,g]man1 & !y desir$ to place )9 _! rea* full k ( ! c>p5t]'s life1 !y circulat$ x among !m 9 ,g]man only1 & nev] wrote any?+ ab\t him 9 ,engli%4 ,! doctr9es ( ! immaculate conception & ( a mat]ial resurrection1 s prom95t 9 ! ,f\r ,gospels1 are pro(s ( _! late orig94 ,^! doctr9es are n taught 9 ! old] books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & 7 unkn[n to ! ,*ri/ians ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,! s*ol>ly au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion1 aft] a pati5t & exhau/ive exam9ation ( e accessible docum5t relat+ to ! subject1 writes z foll[s3 ,aft] hav+ exhau/$ ! lit]ature & ! te/imony be>+ on ! po9t1 we h n f\nd a s+le di/9ct trace ( any ( ^? ,gospels dur+ ! fir/ c5tury & a half aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus 7,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #bdh74 ,bi%op ,fau/us1 a h]etical !ologian ( ! fif? c5tury1 ref]r+ to ?is s s-call$ ,gospel hi/ory1 says3 ,x is all[$ n to h be5 writt5 by ! ,son himself nor by 8 ,apo/les1 b long aft] by "s unkn[n m5 :o1 le/ !y %\ld be suspect$ ( writ+ ?+s !y knew no?+ (1 gave to _! books ! names ( ! ,apo/les4 ,reg>d+ ^! f\r books & _! sequel1 ,acts1 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hooykaas1 ! not$ !ologian & critic ( ,holl&1 voices ! op9ion ( himself & 8 r5[n$ associates1 ,dr4 ,ku55 & ,dr4 ,oort1 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,our int]e/ is m especially excit$ by ! five hi/orical books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,if we might really suppose !m to h be5 writt5 by ! m5 ^: names !y be>1 we c\ld nev] be ?ankful en\gh = su* preci\s au?orities4444 ,b1 alas6 n "o ( ^! five books 0 really writt5 by ! p]son ^: "n x be>s--?\gh = ! sake ( brevity we %all /ill call ! writ]s ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john--& !y are all ( m rec5t date ?an _! head+s w\ld lead u to suppose4444 ,we _c say t ! ,gospels & ! book ( ,acts are unau!ntic1 = n "o ( !m pr(esses to give ! "n ( its au?or4 ,!y appe>$ anonym\sly4 ,! titles plac$ above !m 9 our ,bibles owe _! orig9 to a lat] ecclesia/ical tradition :i* des]ves no confid5ce :atev] 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #bd74 ,! ,p5tateu* 0 n writt5 by ,moses1 nor ! ,f\r ,gospels by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john4 ,! au!nticity ( ! *ief books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 l t ( ! *ief books ( ! ,old1 mu/ be giv5 up4 ,! results ( our review ( !m may be summ$ up 9 ! words ( ! great ,g]man1 ,f]d9& ,*ri/ian ,baur3 ,^! ,gospels are spuri\s1 & 7 writt5 9 ! second c5tury4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,acts1 ,,ca?olic ,,epi/les1 ,,revelation4 ,9 ?is *apt] w be review$ ! s-call$ hi/orical book ( ,acts1 ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 & ,revelation4 ,9 "s v]sions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les come imm$iately aft] ,acts4 ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les is "o ( _m books be>+ ?is "n :i* appe>$ dur+ ! e>ly c5turies ( ! *ur*4 ,conc]n+ ! orig9 ( our canonical ,acts1 ,dr4 ,hit*cock says3 ,x 0 writt5 by ,luke1 9 consid]able "p f 8 own obs]vations ( ! facts n>rat$1 & ab\t ,a4,d4 #fc1 & at ,rome1 dur+ ,paul's /ay !re4 ,! ,gospel ( ,luke is address$ to ,!ophilus2 ! book ( ,acts is address$ to ! same p]son1 & z ! au?or /ates t he has address$ a =m] "w to him1 x is inf]r$ t bo? works 7 writt5 by ! same p]son4 ,x has be5 %[n t ,!ophilus liv$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! second c5tury1 & t ! ,gospel ( ,luke 0 writt5 at ?is "t4 ,if ,luke & ,acts1 !n1 7 writt5 by ! same p]son1 & ,acts 0 writt5 aft] ,luke1 x also mu/ h be5 writt5 late 9 ! second c5tury1 & consequ5tly c\ld n h be5 writt5 by ,luke1 ! companion ( ,paul4 ,x is ass]t$ t ,luke 0 ! associate ( ,paul1 & t he 0 9 ,rome ) ,paul :5 8 book 0 writt54 ,?is implies ,paul's sanction ( ! book4 ,b if ! ,epi/les ( ,paul are g5u9e1 & x is g5]ally agre$ t ^? be>+ ^u ?is "q are1 ?is c n be true2 = ! ,paul ( ^! epi/les & ! ,paul ( ,acts are two entirely diff]5t *>act]s4 ,! book is entitl$ ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les2 & yet ! acts ( ,pet] & ,paul are almo/ ! only apo/olic acts record$4 ,besides ! n>rative ( ! au?or1 ! book consi/s l>gely ( disc\rses attribut$ to ,pet] & ,paul4 ,b ! /yle ( ! unle>n$ & ignorant 7iv1 #ac7 ,pet] is s simil> to t ( ,paul ) 8 mu* le>n+ 7xxvi1 #bd71 & bo? s closely resemble ! /yle ( ! au?or1 t "o n /rongly imbu$ ) fai? mu/ conclude t ! :ole is ! product ( "o m9d4 ,! au?or cites a spee* made by ,gamaliel be=e ! ,jewi% c\ncil1 9 :i* he uses ! foll[+ language3 ,= be=e ^! days rose up ,!udas1 boa/+ himself to be somebody2 to :om a numb] ( m51 almo/ f\r hundr$1 jo9$ !mselves1 :o 7 sla91 etc4 7v1 #cf74 ,josephus1 :o gives an acc\nt ( ?is ev5t 7,antiq4 ,bk4 xx1 *4 v1 sec4 #a71 says t x happ5$ :ile ,fadus 0 ,procurator ( ,judea4 ,?is 0 #de or #df ,a4,d4 ,gamaliel's spee* 0 deliv]$1 accord+ to ! accept$ *ronology1 #bi ,a4,d4 ,?us ! au?or ( ,acts makes ,gamaliel ref] to an ev5t z long pa/ :i* 9 reality did n happ5 until sixte5 ye>s aft] t "t4 ,cont9u+ 8 spee*1 ,gamaliel ref]s to ano!r ev5t1 z foll[s3 ,aft] ?is man ,!udas rose up ,judas ( ,galilee 9 ! days ( ! tax+1 & drew away mu* p aft] him2 he also p]i%$ 7#cg74 ,"h ! au?or makes ,gamaliel /ate t ! s$ition ( ,judas ( ,galilee occurr$ aft] t ( ,!udas1 :5 9 fact x occurr$ 9 #f ,a4,d4--=ty ye>s be=e4 ,su* grave discrepancies c\ld h be5 made only by "o writ+ long aft] ! date claim$4 ,holtzmann1 a ,g]man critic1 has %[n t ! au?or ( ,acts borr[$ f ! ,antiquities ( ,josephus4 ,! ,antiquities appe>$ #ic ,a4,d4--j ?irty ye>s aft] ! date assign$ to ,acts4 ,?is book w n be giv5 up by or?odox ,*ri/ians )\t a /ruggle4 ,! au!nticity ( primitive ,*ri/ianity dep5ds l>gely ^u ! au!nticity ( ?is book4 ,r5an :o 0 a ,rationali/1 &1 at ! same "t some?+ ( an apologi/ = ,*ri/ianity1 affirms t ! la/ pages ( ,acts1 :i* are devot$ almo/ entirely to ,paul's mission>y labors con/itute ! only hi/orical record ( ! e>ly *ur*4 ,at ! same "t1 he admits t x is ! mo/ faulty book 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hooykaas conc$es ! same4 ,he says3 ,( ! e>lie/ =tunes ( ! community ( ,jesus1 ! primitive hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur* & ! :ole ( ! apo/olic age1 we %\ld "k z good z no?+ if we _h n ! book ( ,acts4 ,if only we c\ld tru/ ! writ] fully6 ,b we soon see t ! utmo/ caution is necess>y4 ,= we h ano!r acc\nt ( "s ( ! ?+s ab\t :i* ?is writ] tells u--an acc\nt writt5 by ! v man to :om !y ref]1 ! be/ possible au?ority1 !re=e1 z to :at really took place4 ,?is man is ,paul himself4 ,9 ! fir/ two *apt]s ( ! epi/le to ! ,galatians he gives u sev]al details ( 8 own pa/ life2 & no soon] d we place 8 /ory side by side ) t ( ! ,acts ?an we cle>ly p]ceive t ?is book conta9s an incorrect acc\nt1 & t its inaccuracy is n ! result ( accid5t or ignorance1 b ( a delib]ate design1 an attempt--conceiv$ no d\bt ) ! be/ int5tions--to hide 9 "s degree ! actual c\rse ( ev5ts 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #be74 ,! diss5sions :i* arose 9 ! fir/ c5tury betwe5 ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians & ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians _h only increas$ ) "t1 & ^! 7 among ! *ief ob/acles 9 ! way ( unit+ ,*ri/ians & e/abli%+ ! ,ca?olic *ur*4 ,! composition ( ,acts 0 "o ( ! _m attempts made t[>d ! close ( ! second c5tury to heal ^! diss5sions4 ,! au?or 0 a man :o c>$ little = ei!r ,petr9e or ,paul9e ,*ri/ianity--little = ! s-call$ tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity 9 any =m--b a man :o c>$ mu* = *ur* unity & *ur* p[]4 ,! book ( ,acts 0 little kn[n at fir/4 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 writ+ 9 ! fif? c5tury1 says3 ,?is book is n s mu* z kn[n to _m4 ,!y "k nei!r ! book nor by :om x 0 writt54 ,james & ,jude4 ,! sev5 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,james1 ,fir/ & ,second ,pet]1 ,fir/1 ,second1 & ,?ird ,john1 & ,jude1 h be5 decl>$ spuri\s or d\btful by em95t ,*ri/ian s*ol>s 9 e age ( ! *ur*4 ,! ,fa!rs 7 loa? to admit !m into ! ,bible1 & _! "r to a place !re has always be5 disput$4 ,james & ,jude1 ! fir/ & ! la/ ( ^! epi/les1 or?odox ,*ri/ians believe1 7 writt5 by ,james & ,jude1 ! bro!rs ( ,jesus1 9 #fb & #fd ,a4,d4 ,?ree lead+ or?odox au?orities1 repres5t+ ! ?ree great divisions ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 ,cajetan ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*2 ,luc> ( ! ,greek ,ca?olic *ur*1 & ,erasmus ( ! ,prote/ant *ur*1 h d5i$ ! au!nticity ( ,james4 ,lu!r himself refus$ to accept x4 ,he says3 ,! ,epi/le ( ,james ,i acc\nt ! writ+ ( no apo/le4 ,! composition ( ,jude & ,second ,pet] are bo? plac$ 9 ,a4,d4 #fd4 ,!re is no pro( t ei!r 0 9 exi/5ce 9 ,a4,d4 #afd4 ,x is only necess>y to read ,jude & ! second *apt] ( ,second ,pet] to see t "o borr[$ f ! o!r4 ,:ile mo/ believe t ! au?or ( ,second ,pet] us$ ,jude 9 ! con/ruction ( 8 epi/le1 ,lu!r cont5ds t ,jude is ! plagi>i/4 ,he says3 ,! epi/le ( ,jude is an ab/ract or copy ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ,second 7,preface to ,lu!r's ,v]sion74 ,jude cites z au!ntic ! apocryphal book ( ,eno*1 & ! apocryphal /ory ( ,mi*ael ! ar*angel cont5d+ ) ,satan = ! body ( ,moses4 ,orig51 ,j]ome1 & o!rs 9 anci5t1 & ,calv91 ,grotius & o!rs 9 mod]n times1 h d\bt$ its au!nticity4 ,may]h(f says x 0 writt5 9 ! second c5tury to combat ! h]esies ( ! ,c>pocratians4 ,epi/les ( ,pet]4 ,mo/ ,*ri/ians cont5d t ! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,pet] is g5u9e4 ,"s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 h[ev]1 reject$ x4 ,ir5u did n place x 9 8 canon4 ,n until ! ?ird c5tury 0 x accept$ z ! writ+ ( ,pet]4 ,! celebrat$ ,tub+5 s*ool ( critics rejects ! au!nticity ( ! book4 ,baur & ,zell] believe x to be a ,paul9e docum5t4 ,s*wegl] believes t x 0 writt5 to reconcile ! ,paul9e & ,petr9e doctr9es4 ,! ,dut* critics say t x 0 borr[$ l>gely f ,paul & ,james1 & t x 0 probably writt5 e>ly 9 ! second c5tury4 ,reg>d+ its au?or%ip1 ,jules ,s\ry1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,france1 says3 ,nobody1 h[ev]1 kn[s bett] ?an he ,r5an t ! s-call$ ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,pet]1 full ( allusions to ,paul's writ+s1 z well z ! epi/le to ! ,hebrews & ! epi/le ( ,james1 dates 9 all probability f ! ye> #acj ,a4,d41 at ! e>lie/1 ?us plac+ two g5]ations betwe5 ! "t ( its composition & ! latt] ye>s ( ! reign ( ,n]o1 :5 ,pet] is fabl$ to h be5 9 ,rome 7,jesus & ! ,gospels1 p4 #cb74 ,all critics pron\nce ,second ,pet] a =g]y4 ,*amb]s's ,encyclop$ia says3 ,s f> z ext]nal au?ority is conc]n$1 x has h>dly any4 ,! mo/ critical & compet5t ( ! ,fa!rs 7 suspici\s ( its au!nticity2 x 0 r>ely if ev] quot$1 & 0 n =mally admitt$ into ! canon till ! ,c\ncil ( ,hippo1 #cic ,a4,d4 ,! int]nal evid5ce is j z unsatisfactory4 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y conta9s ! foll[+ relative to its au!nticity3 ,we h few ref]5ces to x 9 ! writ+s ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs2 ! /yle diff]s mat]ially f t ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le1 & ! resemblance am\nt+ to a /udi$ imitation betwe5 ?is epi/le & t ( ,jude1 seems sc>cely reconcilable ) ! position ( ,pet]4444 ,_m reject ! epi/le altoge!r z spuri\s4 ,x is believ$ by "s t ! orig9al title ( ,second ,pet] 0 ! ,epi/le ( ,simeon4 ,grotius argues t x is a compilation f two old] epi/les4 ,! ?ird *apt] beg9s z foll[s3 ,?is second epi/le1 belov$1 ,i n[ write unto y4 ,^! words cle>ly d5ote ! beg9n+ ( a docum5t4 ,^? :o affirm its g5u95ess consid] ! second *apt] an int]polation4 ,we/cott says !re is no evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ?is epi/le prior to #agj ,a4,d4 ,scalig] decl>es x to be a fiction ( "s anci5t ,*ri/ian misemploy+ 8 leisure "t4 ,epi/les ( ,john4 ,! s-call$ ,epi/les ( ,john1 s f> z ! books !mselves are conc]n$1 are anonym\s4 ,!y d n purport to h be5 writt5 by ! ,apo/le ,john1 nor by anyone be>+ ! "n ( ,john4 ,( ,fir/ ,john1 ,*amb]s's ,encyclop$ia says3 ,( ! epi/les x is almo/ c]ta9 t ! ,fir/ proce$$ f ! same writ] :o compos$ ! ,f\r? ,gospel4 ,9 /yle1 language1 & doctr9e1 x is id5tical ) x4 ,if ,john did n write ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 & x is conc$$ by mo/ writ]s t he did n1 !n he did n write ?is epi/le4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,gospel ( ,john1 ^: au!nticity he d5ies & ^: composition he assigns to ! second c5tury1 ,dr4 ,hooykaas says3 ,! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,john soon issu$ f ! same s*ool 9 imitation ( ! ,gospel 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #fib74 ,( two passages 9 ! ,fir/ ,epi/le1 ii1 #bc1 & v1 #g1 :i* tea* ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 ! ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,x w\ld appe> )\t d\bt t !y are n g5u9e4 ,! ,revis]s ( ! ,k+ ,james v]sion pron\nc$ !m spuri\s4 ,! second & ?ird epi/les 7 n writt5 by ! writ] ( ! fir/4 ,! e>ly ,fa!rs reject$ !m4 ,eusebius 9 ! f\r? c5tury class$ !m ) ! d\btful books4 ,x has be5 claim$ t ! second epi/le 0 writt5 = ! purpose ( c\nt]act+ ! h]etical tea*+s ( ,basilides & 8 foll[]s4 ,basilides 0 a fam\s writ] ( ! second c5tury4 ,^! epi/les h ! foll[+ sup]scriptions3 ,! eld] presbyt] unto ! elect lady to ! fir/1 & ,! eld] unto ! well-belov$ ,gaius to ! second4 ,! decl>ation t !y are f an eld] or presbyt] proves t !y are n f an apo/le1 & consequ5tly n f ! ,apo/le ,john4 ,if !y 7 writt5 by a writ] nam$ ,john1 x 0 probably ,john ! ,presbyt]1 :o liv$ 9 ! second c5tury4 ,j]ome /ates t !y 7 g5]ally cr$it$ to him4 ,9 8 acc\nt ( ,john ! ,presbyt]1 ,judge ,waite says3 ,he is also1 n )\t reason1 believ$ to h be5 ! au?or ( ! ,epi/les ( ,john 7,hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ian ,religion1 p4 #bbh74 ,revelation4 ,revelation is ! la/ book ( ! ,bible1 & ! "o lea/ und]/ood4 ,*ri/ians !mselves are n agre$ z to its mean+4 ,"s believe x to be a s]ies ( prophecies :i* h _h _! fulfilm5t 9 ! /ruggles betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,paganism2 o!rs believe t its prophecies are yet to be fulfill$2 /ill o!rs pron\nce x a symbolical poem1 repres5t+ ! conflict betwe5 tru? & error1 :ile n a few consid] x ! record$ fancies ( a diseas$ imag9ation4 ,! book purports to be f ,john to ! sev5 *ur*es ( ,asia 7i1 #d74 ,?is ,john is decl>$ to be ! ,apo/le ,john & its au?ority is bas$ ^u ?is claim4 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,! "q z to ! canonical au?ority ( ! ,revelation resolves itself into a "q ( au?or%ip4 ,0 ,/4 ,john ! ,apo/le & ,evangeli/ ! writ] ( ! ,revelation8 ,if ,john ! ,apo/le & ! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel 7 "o1 z assum$ by ! ,bible ,diction>y1 !n ! "q ( its au!nticity & canonical au?ority mu/ be ab&on$1 = ! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel did n write x4 ,!re is no?+ 9 common betwe5 !m4 ,! ,g]man !ologian1 ,lucke1 says3 ,if all critical exp]i5ce & rules 9 su* lit]>y que/ions d n deceive1 x is c]ta9 t ! ,evangeli/ & ,apocalypti/ are two diff]5t p]sons4 ,de ,wette says3 ,! ,apo/le ,john1 if he be ! au?or ( ! ,f\r? ,gospel & ( ! ,johann9e epi/les1 did n write ! ,apocalypse4 ,reg>d+ ?is conclusion1 ,ewald says3 ,all m5 capable ( =m+ a judgm5t are ( ! same op9ion4 ,among ! em95t critics & comm5tators :o take ?is position are ,lu!r1 ,erasmus1 ,mi*aelis1 ,s*lei]ma*]1 ,cr$n]1 ,zell]1 ,evanson1 ,baur1 ,r5an1 & ,davidson4 ,! ,apo/le ,john wrote nei!r ! ,f\r? ,gospel1 ! s-call$ ,epi/les ( ,john1 nor ,revelation4 ,t he did n write ,revelation is %[n by ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! au?or does n claim to be an apo/le4 #b4 ,he ref]s to ! ,twelve ,apo/les 7xxi1 #ad7 9 a way t =bids ! supposition t he 0 "o ( !m4 #c4 ,! ,apo/le ,john is decl>$ to h be5 illit]ate & incapable ( writ+ a book4 #d4 ,x is address$ to ! sev5 *ur*es ( ,asia1 & yet ! sev5 *ur*es ( ,asia1 to :i* x is address$1 reject$ x4 ,! ,alogi ma9ta9$ t x 0 a =g]y :i* came f ,cor9?4 ,dionysius1 ,bi%op ( ,alex&ria1 writ+ 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 says3 ,div]s ( our pr$ecessors h :olly refus$ & reject$ ?is book1 & by discuss+ ! sev]al p>ts !re( h f\nd x obscure & void ( reason & ! title =g$4 ,conc]n+ its rejection by mod]n *ur*m51 ! ,ed9burgh ,review 7,no4 #aca7 says3 ,! mo/ le>n$ & intellig5t ( ,prote/ant div9es "h almo/ all d\bt$ or d5i$ ! canonicity ( ! book ( ,revelation4 ,calv9 & ,beza pron\nc$ ! book un9telligible1 & prohibit$ ! pa/ors ( ,g5eva f all attempts at int]pretation4 ,dr4 ,s\? describ$ x z a book t ei!r f\nd a man mad or left him s4 ,lu!r1 9 ! ,preface to 8 ,new ,te/am5t 7,ed4 ( #aebb7 writes3 ,9 ! ,revelation ( ,john mu* is want+ to let me deem x ei!r prophetic or apo/olical4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,paul9e ,,epi/les4 ,f\rte5 books--,romans1 ,fir/ & ,second ,cor9?ians1 ,galatians1 ,ephesians1 ,philippians1 ,colossians1 ,fir/ & ,second ,!ssalonians1 ,fir/ & ,second ,timo?y1 ,titus1 ,philemon1 & ,hebrews--are ascrib$1 "s correctly1 "s d\btfully1 & o!rs falsely1 to ,paul4 ,!y 7 all writt51 x is claim$1 betwe5 #eb & #fe ,a4,d4 ,g5u9e ,epi/les4 ,! g5u9e ,epi/les ( ,paul1 ^? ^: au!nticity is conc$$ by ne>ly all critics1 are ,romans1 ,fir/ & ,second ,cor9?ians1 & ,galatians4 ,! t]m g5u9e is appli$ to ! books z orig9ally writt51 & n to ! text z x n[ exi/s4 ,x is probable t !y h und]gone v>i\s *anges s9ce !y left ,paul's h&4 ,! la/ two *apt]s ( ,romans are believ$ to be int]polations4 ,! fifte5? consi/s *iefly ( irrelevant matt] :i* detracts f ! symmetry ( ! "w4 ,! sixte5? is mo/ly fill$ ) salutations4 ,9 ^! sev]al wom5 are giv5 a prom95ce 9 *ur* affairs t is :olly at v>iance ) ,paul's attitude t[>d woman4 ,! subscription to ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians /ates t x 0 writt5 f ,philippi4 ,! #ai? v]se ( ! la/ *apt] %[s t ,paul 0 9 ,asia in/ead ( ,europe1 :ile ! #h? v]se expressly decl>es t he 0 at ,ephesus4 ,! ,second ,epi/le to ,cor9?ians1 x is decl>$1 0 writt5 f ,philippi also4 ,t ?is is d\btful is admitt$ ev5 by ! mo/ or?odox au?orities4 ,! subscription to ,galatians reads z foll[s3 ,unto ! ,galatians1 writt5 f ,rome4 ,?is book 0 writt5 betwe5 #eb & #ee ,a4,d42 ,paul did n g to ,rome until #fa ,a4,d4 ,?is epi/le 0 writt5 f ,ephesus4 ,:ile critics are ne>ly unanim\s 9 ackn[l$g+ ! g5u95ess ( ^! books1 a few1 includ+ ,pr(essor ,?udi*um ( ,g]many1 ,pr(4 ,edw9 ,johnson ( ,engl&1 & ,w4 ,h4 ,burr ( ?is c\ntry1 pron\nce !m =g]ies1 & cont5d t ! ,paul ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is a my?4 ,d\btful ,epi/les4 ,! d\btful ,epi/les1 ^? ^: au!nticity is accept$ by "s critics & reject$ by o!rs1 are ,philippians1 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 & ,philemon4 ,sixty ye>s ago to ?is li/ ( d\btful books critics w\ld h add$ ?ree o!rs--,ephesians1 ,colossians1 & ,second ,!ssalonians2 b ! critical labors ( ! ,tub+5 s*ool & o!rs h relegat$ ^! to ! already burd5$ %elf ( spuri\s ,bible books4 ,9 reg>d to ,philippians1 ,f]d9& ,baur1 = ?irty ye>s head ( ! ,tub+5 s*ool & unque/ionably ! greate/ ( ,bible critics1 says3 ,! ,epi/les to ! ,colossians & to ! ,philippians 444 are spuri\s1 & 7 writt5 by ! ,ca?olic s*ool ne> ! end ( ! second c5tury1 to heal ! /rife betwe5 ! ,jew & ,g5tile factions 7,paul ! ,apo/le ( ,jesus ,*ri/74 ,baur also rejects ,fir/ ,!ssalonians4 ,he cont5ds t ?is1 z well z ! ,second ,epi/le1 conta9s tea*+s q at v>iance ) ! tea*+s ( ,paul4 ,! ,g]man critic ,s*rad] is confid5t t ,paul did n write ,fir/ ,!ssalonians4 ,respect+ ,philemon1 ,dr4 ,hit*cock says3 ,?is brief ,epi/le 0 writt5 at ! same "t ) ^? to ! ,colossians & ,ephesians1 & 0 s5t along ) !m by ,ty*icus & ,onesimus4 ,z ,colossians & ,ephesians h bo? be5 decl>$ spuri\s by ! able/ ,*ri/ian s*ol>s1 ,philemon1 to say ! lea/1 is plac$ 9 bad company4 ,?is ,epi/le 0 writt5 9 behalf ( "o ,onesimus1 a zeal\s ,*ri/ian1 :o is also m5tion$ 9 ,colossians4 ,!re 0 an ,onesimus1 a zeal\s *ur* work]1 liv+ 9 #age ,a4,d4 ,holl&'s critics1 ,dr4 ,ku551 ,dr4 ,oort1 & ,dr4 ,hooykaas1 are dispos$ to accept ,philippians1 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 & ,philemon1 b admit t !re are grave d\bts conc]n+ ! au!nticity ( ea*4 ,spuri\s ,epi/les4 ,! spuri\s ,epi/les1 ^? ^: au!nticity is g5]ally d5i$ by ! critics1 are ,ephesians1 ,colossians1 ,second ,!ssalonians1 ,fir/ & ,second ,timo?y1 ,titus1 & ,hebrews4 ,ewald & ,de ,wette bo? admit t ,ephesians 0 n writt5 by ,/4 ,paul4 ,de ,wette ?9ks x 0 compil$ f ,colossians4 ,davidson & ,may]h(f believe t nei!r ,ephesians nor ,colossians is g5u9e4 ,i h quot$ ,baur's rejection ( ,colossians4 ,! ,encyclop$ia ,britannica says3 ,x is und5iable t ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians & ! s-call$ ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians diff] consid]ably 9 language & ?\ght f o!r ,paul9e ,epi/les & t _! relation to "o ano!r dem&s explanation4 ,fir/ & ,second ,!ssalonians are pron\nc$ ! olde/ ( ,paul's writ+s1 bo? belong+1 x is claim$1 to #eb ,a4,d4 ,! au?or ( ! ,second ,epi/le is v desir\s ( hav+ 8 writ+ accept$ z a g5u9e ,epi/le ( ,paul4 ,sev]al times he decl>es himself to be ,paul4 ,he w>ns !m n to be deceiv$ by lett] z f u 7ii1 #b71 & concludes ) ! salutation ( ,paul ) m9e own h&1 :i* is ! tok5 9 e ,epi/le4 ,?is ,epi/le affirms ! fir/ to be a =g]y4 ,! fir/ 0 probably writt5 at an e>ly date1 &1 :e!r g5u9e or spuri\s1 0 accept$ z a ,paul9e ,epi/le4 ,9 x ! e>ly adv5t ( ,*ri/--dur+ ,paul's lifetime--is pr$ict$4 ,we1 :i* are alive & rema9 unto ! com+ ( ! ,"l %all n prev5t !m :i* are asleep 7iv1 #ae74 ,!n we :i* are alive & rema9 %all be caught up toge!r ) !m 9 ! cl\ds 7#ag74 ,g5]ations pass$1 ,*ri/ did n come1 & ! *ur* 0 los+ fai? 9 ,paul & ,*ri/ianity4 ,to re/ore confid5ce1 ano!r lett] f ,paul to ! ,!ssalonians 0 f\nd1 & ?is repudiates ! fir/4 ,he exhorts !m n to be tr\bl$1 nei!r by _s1 nor by ^w1 nor by lett] z f u1 z t ! day ( ,*ri/ is at h& 7ii1 #b74 ,x tea*es ! second com+ ( ,*ri/1 b c>efully leaves ! "t indef9ite4 ,:atev] may be said ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le1 ! ,second is cle>ly a =g]y4 ,) respect to ^! ,epi/les1 ! ,britannica says3 ,! pr$om9ant op9ion ( mod]n criticism at pres5t is t ! g5u95ess ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le is c]ta91 :ile t ( ! ,second mu/ be giv5 up4 ,fir/ & ,second ,timo?y & ,titus1 kn[n z ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les1 & ,hebrews 7 n writt5 by ,paul4 ,! ,pa/oral ,epi/les are =g]ies1 :ile ,hebrews is an anonym\s "w4 ,! cont5ts ( ^! books betray a lat] date4 ,_! tea*+s are n ! tea*+s ( ,paul4 ,_! language is utt]ly unlike t ( ! g5u9e ,epi/les4 ,!y conta9 two hundr$ words nev] us$ by ,paul4 ,m>cion1 ! mo/ not$ ,paul9e ,*ri/ian ( ! second c5tury1 :o made a collection ( ,paul's ,epi/les1 exclud$ !m4 ,tatian & ,basilides also reject$ !m4 ,aga9/ ! au!nticity ( ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les may be cit$ ne>ly e mod]n critic1 includ+ ! f\r great names ( ,baur1 ,ei*orn1 ,de ,wette1 & ,davidson4 ,baur says !y 7 writt5 9 ! second c5tury4 ,:ile ?irte5 ( ! s-call$ ,paul9e ,epi/les claim to h be5 writt5 by ,paul1 ,hebrews alone is sil5t reg>d+ its au?or%ip4 ,t]tullian class$ x ) ! apocryphal books1 b ?\ght x might h be5 writt5 by ,b>nabas4 ,9 ! ,cl]mont codex x is call$ ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas4 ,accord+ to ,orig51 "s ascribe x to ,luke1 o!rs to ,clem5t ( ,rome4 ,orig5 himself says3 ,:o x 0 t really wrote ! ,epi/le1 ,god only kn[s4 ,dr4 ,we/cott admits t !re is no evid5ce t ,paul wrote x4 ,grotius attributes x to ,luke1 ,lu!r to ,apollos4 ,lu!r says3 ,t ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews is n by ,/4 ,paul1 nor1 inde$1 by any apo/le1 is %[n by *apt] ii1 #c 7,preface to ,lu!r's ,n4 ,t474 ,conc]n+ ! sev5 books t we h be5 consid]+1 ,dr4 ,hooykaas says3 ,f\rte5 ,epi/les are said to be ,paul's2 b we mu/ at once /rike (f "o1 namely1 t to ! ,hebrews1 :i* does n be> 8 "n at all4444 ,! two lett]s to ,timo?y & ! lett] to ,titus 7 c]ta9ly compos$ long aft] ! dea? ( ,paul4444 ,x is m ?an probable t ! lett]s to ! ,ephesians & ,colossians are also unau!ntic1 & ! same suspicion re/s1 p]haps1 on ! fir/1 b c]ta9ly on ! second ( ! ,epi/les to ! ,!ssalonians 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #bc74 ,! ,rev4 ,john ,w4 ,*adwick1 9 8 ,bible ( ,to-day1 says t ! fir/ f\r ,epi/les are 8 ,paul's ) absolute c]ta9ty4 ,f\r o!rs1 ,philippians1 ,colossians1 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 & ,philemon1 he is dispos$ to accept1 b admits t _! au!nticity is d\btful4 ,! rema9+ books he pron\nces spuri\s4 ,p]sons 9 ?is age h little conception ( ! preval5ce ( lit]>y =g]ies 9 ! e>ly c5turies ( ! *ur*4 ,n[1 :5 books are pr9t$ 9 editions ( #a1jjj or m1 su* =g]ies are ne>ly impossible & consequ5tly r>e4 ,:5 books exi/$ 9 manuscript only1 !y 7 nei!r difficult nor uncommon4 ,books & lett]s purport+ to h be5 writt5 by ,paul1 ,pet]1 ,john1 & o!r ,apo/les 7 readily discov]$ :5 want$4 ,( ^! ,apo/olic =g]ies ,pr(4 ,john ,tyndall says3 ,:5 argum5ts or pro(s 7 ne$$1 :e!r on ! side ( ! ,jewi% ,*ri/ians or ( ! ,g5tile ,*ri/ians1 a docum5t 0 discov]$ :i* met ! case1 & on :i* ! "n ( an ,apo/le or ( "s au?oritative contempor>y ( ! ,apo/les 0 boldly inscrib$4 ,! end be+ held to ju/ify ! means1 !re 0 no lack ( manufactur$ te/imony4 ,conclusion4 ,( ^! f\rte5 ,epi/les ascrib$ to ,paul1 f\r1 !n1 ,romans1 ,fir/ & ,second ,cor9?ians1 & ,galatians1 are pron\nc$ g5u9e2 ?ree1 ,philippians1 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 & ,philemon1 are ( d\btful au!nticity2 :ile sev51 ,ephesians1 ,colossians1 ,second ,!ssalonians1 ,fir/ & ,second ,timo?y1 ,titus1 & ,hebrews1 are spuri\s4 ,! g5u9e writ+s ( ,paul are probably ! olde/ ,*ri/ian writ+s extant4 ,admitt+ ! au!nticity ( ^! f\r books1 ( c\rse1 is n admitt+ ! au!nticity ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,paul 0 n a witness ( ! alleg$ ev5ts ^u :i* hi/orical ,*ri/ianity re/s4 ,he 0 n a conv]t to ,*ri/ianity until _m ye>s aft] ,*ri/'s dea?4 ,he did n see ,*ri/ 7save 9 a vision72 he did n li/5 to 8 tea*+s2 he did n le>n f 8 disciples4 ,! gospel :i* 0 prea*$ ( me is n aft] man1 = ,i nei!r receiv$ x ( man1 nei!r 0 ,i taught x 7,gal4 i1 #aa1 #ab74 ,paul accept$ only to a small ext5t ! religion ( ,*ri/'s disciples4 ,he pr(ess$ to d]ive 8 k f sup]natural s\rces--f trances & visions4 ,reg>d+ ! value ( su* te/imony1 ! au?or ( ,sup]natural ,religion says3 ,no "o c d5y1 & m$ical & psy*ological annals prove1 t _m m5 h be5 subject to visions & halluc9ations :i* h nev] be5 s]i\sly attribut$ to sup]natural causes4 ,!re is n "o s+le valid reason remov+ ! ec/atic visions & trances ( ! ,apo/le ,paul f ?is class4 ,we h n[ review$ ! books ( ! ,bible & pres5t$ "s ( ! hi/orical & int]nal evid5ces be>+ ^u ! "q ( _! au!nticity4 ,! au!nticity ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 we h se51 is b little bett] atte/$ ?an t ( ! ,old4 ,! au?ors ( tw5ty books--,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 ,john1 ,acts1 ,ephesians1 ,colossians1 ,second ,!ssalonians1 ,fir/ & ,second ,timo?y1 ,titus1 ,hebrews1 ,james1 ,fir/ & ,second ,pet]1 ,fir/1 ,second1 & ,?ird ,john1 ,jude1 & ,revelation--are unkn[n4 ,?ree books--,philippians1 ,fir/ ,!ssalonians1 & ,philemon--are ( que/ionable au!nticity4 ,f\r books only--,romans1 ,fir/ & ,second ,cor9?ians1 & ,galatians--are g5]ally admitt$ to be au!ntic4 ,( ! sixty-six books ( ! ,bible at lea/ fifty are anonym\s works or =g]ies4 ,to tea* t ^! books are div9e1 & to accept !m z su*1 d5otes a degree ( depravity on ! "o h&1 & an am\nt ( cr$ulity on ! o!r1 t are n cr$itable to a moral & enlight5$ p4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,cr$ibility4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,textual ,,corruptions4 ,! ,bible does n conta9 ! %ad[ ( a %ade ( error f ,g5esis to ,revelation--,*eev]4 ,e book ( x1 e *apt] ( x1 e v]se ( x1 e ^w ( x1 is ! direct utt]ance ( ! ,mo/ ,high4--,bunyan4 ,su* are ! dogmatic ass]tions ( ,bibliolat]s4 ,s mu* confid5ce d !y pret5d to repose 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,bible's in]rancy t !y propose ! mo/ crucial te/s = its submission4 ,! ,rev4 ,j]emiah ,jones1 "o ( ! highe/ or?odox au?orities on ! canon1 lays d[n ?is rule 9 det]m9+ ! "r ( a book to a place 9 ! canon3 ,t book is apocryphal :i* conta9s contradictions2 or :i* conta9s hi/ories1 or proposes doctr9es contr>y to ^? :i* are kn[n to be true2 or :i* conta9s ludicr\s trifl+1 fabul\s1 or silly relations2 or :i* conta9s ana*ronisms2 or :]e9 ! /yle is cle>ly diff]5t f ! kn[n /yle ( ! au?or ^: "n x be>s 7,new ,me?ods1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #gj74 ,! ,rev4 ,t4 ,h>twell ,horne1 a /&>d au?ority 9 ! or?odox *ur*1 submits ?is te/ 9 det]m9+ ! div9ity ( ! ,bible z a :ole3 ,if real contradictions exi/ 9 ! ,bible1 x is suffici5t pro( t x is n div9ely inspir$1 :atev] pret5ses x may make to su* inspiration 7,introduction to ! ,scriptures1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #eha74 ,i *all5ge ! v]ity ( ,*eev]'s & ,bunyan's claims & proce$ to apply to ?is book ! te/s ( ,jones & ,horne4 ,in/ead ( n conta9+ ! %ad[ ( a %ade ( error1 ,i %all %[ t x is s fill$ ) ! d>kness ( error t ! tru?s exi/+ 9 x are sc>cely disc]nible4 ,in/ead ( be+ ! direct utt]ance ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 ,i %all %[ t e book ( x1 e *apt] ( x1 e v]se ( x1 e ^w ( x1 is ! direct utt]ance ( man4 ,i %all impea* ! au?ority ( ! ,*ri/ian canon & %[ t all ( its books are apocryphal2 t !y conta9 hi/ories & propose doctr9es t are contr>y to :at is kn[n to be true2 t !y conta9 ludicr\s1 trifl+1 fabul\s1 & silly relations2 t !y ab\nd ) ana*ronisms4 ,if ,i h n already %[n t ! /yle ( ^! books is cle>ly diff]5t f ! kn[n /yle ( ! au?ors ^: names !y be>1 x is because ! kn[n /yle ( ^! au?ors is a my?4 ,i %all adduce en\gh real contradictions f ! ,bible to n only refute ! claim t x is div9ely inspir$1 b to de/roy its cr$ibility ev5 z a human au?ority4 ,errors ( ,transcrib]s4 ,if ! ,bible 7 a div9e revelation1 z claim$1 x w\ld h be5 div9ely pres]v$4 ,n only ! orig9al writ]s1 b ! transcrib]s1 translators1 & pr9t]s1 also1 w\ld h be5 div9ely inspir$4 ,x is admitt$ t div9e inspiration 0 conf9$ to ! orig9al writ]s4 ,consequ5tly ! ,bible1 z we h x1 _c be an infallible revelation4 ,if x be n an infallible revelation x _c be a div9e revelation4 ,x is popul>ly suppos$ t ! books ( ! ,bible1 z orig9ally writt51 h be5 pres]v$ free f corruptions4 ,t !y are full ( textual errors--t ! books z !y 7 orig9ally writt5 no long] exi/ & _c be re/or$--is conc$$ ev5 by ! mo/ or?odox ( ! ,l[] ,critics4 ,! pr9cipal causes ( ^! corruptions are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,cl]ical errors4 ,! inv5tion ( pr9t+ made x possible to pres]ve ! orig9al text ( a writ] comp>atively free f errors4 ,) ! works ( anci5t writ]s ?is 0 impossible4 ,= a p]iod ( f #a1bjj to #b1bjj ye>s prec$+ ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ ! only means ( pres]v+ ! books ( ! ,bible 0 ! p5 ( ! scribe4 ,h[ev] c>eful ! copyi/ might be1 errors w\ld creep into ! text4 ,b in/ead ( be+ c>eful ^! copyi/s1 _m ( !m1 7 notori\sly c>eless4 ,?is is especially evid5t 9 ! case ( numb]s4 ,hundr$s ( errors 7 made 9 ! transcription ( ^! alone4 ,probably "o-half ( ! numb]s giv5 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & _m 9 ! ,new1 are n ^? giv5 9 ! orig9al text1 b are errors due to ! c>elessness ( transcrib]s & a want ( div9e sup]vision4 #b4 ,int]polations4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( int]polations 9 ! ,bible4 ,a consid]able portion ( ! words pr9t$ 9 ,italics 9 our v]sion are ackn[l$g$ int]polations4 ,_m ( !m appe>$ fir/ 9 ! %ape ( m>g9al notes int5d$ to expla9 or correct a /atem5t 9 ! text4 ,lat] scribes incorporat$ ^! into ! text4 ,& ?us1 :ile ,god 0 engag$ 9 wat*+ sp>r[s & numb]+ ! hairs 9 8 *ildr5's heads1 additions 9 ?is & v>i\s o!r ways 7 made to 8 ^w4 ,9 _m in/ances :ole *apt]s 7 add$ to ! orig9al docum5ts4 #c4 ,omissions4 ,mu* matt] 0 c>elessly omitt$4 ,to quote ! ,bible = ,le>n]s1 n only lett]s & words1 b :ole v]ses h fall5 out4 ,objectionable matt] 0 int5tionally omitt$4 ,*ryso/om tells u t entire books 7 de/roy$ by ! ,jews4 ,!y 7 on su* famili> t]ms ) ! ,deity t !y c\ld obta9 o!r & m desirable ones = ! ask+4 #d4 ,textual *anges4 ,9 innum]able places ! text has be5 wilfully *ang$ to suit ! religi\s & o!r notions ( ! prie/s4 ,let me cite an example4 ,9 e>ly copies1 & probably 9 ! orig9al text1 ,g5esis xviii1 #bb1 reads z foll[s3 ,! ,"l yet /ood be=e ,abraham4 ,!y ?\ght x detract$ f ,god's dignity to /& be=e "o ( 8 creatures1 & s !y *ang$ x to its pres5t =m1 ,abraham /ood yet be=e ! ,"l4 ,conc]n+ ! corruptions ( ! scribes1 ,dr4 ,davidson says3 ,!y did n refra9 f *ang+ :at _h be5 writt51 or ins]t+ fre% matt] 7,canon1 p4 #cd74 ,! facts t ,i h m5tion$ apply n m]ely to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b to ! ,new ,te/am5t z well4 ,we/cott1 a v high au?ority on ! canon1 says3 ,x does n appe> t any special c>e 0 tak5 9 ! fir/ age to pres]ve ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t f ! v>i\s injuries ( "t or to insure p]fect accuracy ( transcription4444 ,! orig9al copies seem to h soon p]i%$4 ,errors ( ,translators4 ,^! errors ( ! transcrib]s h be5 immeasurably increas$ by ! translators4 ,a p]fect translation is impossible1 & = ^! reasons3 #a4 ,no language has words to express p]fectly all ! words ( ano!r language4 #b4 ,languages *ange ) "t & ! words ( "o age h a diff]5t mean+ 9 ! next4 #c4 ,_m writ]s d n express !mselves cle>ly1 & x is (t5 impossible to fully compreh5d _! mean+4 ,?is is especially true ( ,bible writ]s4 #d4 ,no two translators w grasp ! mean+ ( a writ] 9 exactly ! same mann]1 or convey x 9 ! same words4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,old ,te/am5t ! ,hebrew language1 z anci5tly writt51 0 ! mo/ difficult ( all languages to translate4 ,x 0 writt5 f "r to left2 ! words conta9$ no v[els2 !re 7 no int]v5+ spaces betwe5 ! words1 & no punctuation m>ks4 ,ev5 ) ! introduction ( v[el po9ts _m words 9 ,hebrew1 z 9 ,engli%1 h m ?an "o mean+4 ,)\t ^! po9ts1 z orig9ally writt51 ! numb] is increas$ a hundr$ fold4 ,! five ,engli% words1 bag1 beg1 big1 bog1 & bug1 are q unlike & easily di/+ui%$4 ,omit ! v[els1 z ! anci5t ,jews did1 & we h five words exactly alike1 or r1 "o ^w ) five diff]5t mean+s4 ,! ,hebrew language 0 ?us l>gely compos$ ( words ) sev]al mean+s4 ,z !re 7 no spaces betwe5 words x 0 sometimes h>d to tell :]e a ^w began or :]e x end$2 & z !re 7 no punctuation m>ks1 & no spaces betwe5 s5t5ces1 p>agraphs1 or ev5 sections1 x 0 (t5 difficult to det]m9e ! mean+ ( a writ] aft] ! words _h be5 deciph]$4 ,"h is ! be/ kn[n passage 9 ! ,bible pr9t$ 9 ,engli% z ! ,jews w\ld h writt5 x 9 ,hebrew3 bllwhtmcmdgnkhtmnhtbdllhnvhntrhchwrhtf,r vgrfws/bdrsvgrfdndrbldrd%tsvgnvhn/%trnnd nkhtsnhtrflvmrfsrvldtbnttpmttntnsdldnsrt bdrn nmrvrfrlghtdnrphtdnmdg ,9 ! pr9t$ text !re is little dang] ( mi/ak+ "o lett] = ano!r2 9 ! writt5 text !re is1 especially if !y resemble ea* o!r4 ,! ,hebrew lett]s correspond+ to our ,d & ,r 7 ne>ly alike & easily conf\nd$4 ,consequ5tly 9 ,numb]s i1 #ad1 we h ,eliasaph ! son ( ,deuel1 & 9 ,numb]s ii1 #ad1 ,eliasaph ! son ( ,reuel4 ,only ,god kn[s :i* is correct1 & he does n c>e to enlight5 u4 ,!re=e we mu/ believe t bo? are correct or be damn$4 ,/4 ,j]ome says3 ,:5 we translate ! ,hebrew into ,lat9 we are sometimes guid$ by conjecture4 ,le ,cl]c says3 ,! le>n$ m]ely guess at ! s5se ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 an inf9ity ( places 7,s5tim1 p4 #aef74 ,! ,old ,te/am5t z we h x1 !n1 consi/s l>gely ( guesses & conjectures4 ,! title page ( our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion ( ! ,bible conta9s ^! words3 ,translat$ out ( ! orig9al tongues4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t is decl>$ to be a correct translation ( ! accept$ ,hebrew4 ,9 its prep>ation1 h[ev]1 ! ,greek m ?an ! ,hebrew v]sion 0 foll[$4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,k+ ,james translators1 ! hi/orian ,john ,cl>k ,ridpa? says3 ,foll[+ ! ,septuag9t r ?an ! ,hebrew orig9al1 !y fell into _m errors :i* a rip] s*ol>%ip w\ld h avoid$ 7,cyclop$ia ( ,univ]sal ,hi/ory4 ,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #gfc74 ,in/ead ( be+ a collection ( orig9al guesses & conjectures our ,old ,te/am5t is1 to a great ext5t1 m]ely a bad ,engli% translation ( a corrupt$ copy ( a spuri\s ,greek translation ( ! orig9al 787 ,hebrew4 ,on ! title page ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t appe>s ano!r falsehood3 ,translat$ out ( ! orig9al ,greek4 ,! orig9al ,greek ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x is claim$1 belongs to ! fir/ c5tury4 ,! orig9al ,greek out ( :i* our v]sion 0 translat$ is less ?an #ejj ye>s old4 ,! ,greek v]sion f :i* x 0 translat$ 0 made by ,erasmus 9 #aeaf4 ,ref]r+ to ! mat]ials employ$ by ,erasmus 9 ! prep>ation ( 8 "w1 ! ,rev4 ,alex&] ,rob]ts1 ,d4 ,d41 9 8 ,companion to ! ,revis$ ,v]sion ( ! ,engli% ,new ,te/am5t1 a "w :i* ! ,committee on ,revision delegat$ him to write & :i* 0 approv$1 makes ! foll[+ admissions3 ,9 ! ,gospels he pr9cipally us$ a cursive ,,ms4 ( ! fifte5? or sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ,acts & ,epi/les he *iefly foll[$ a cursive ,,ms4 ( ! ?irte5? or f\rte5? c5tury4 ,= ! ,apocalypse he _h only "o mutilat$ manuscript4 ,!re are words 9 ! pr(ess$ orig9al = :i* no div9e au?ority c be plead$1 b :i* are entirely due to ! le>n+ & imag9ation ( ,erasmus4 ,little d ,*ri/ians realize h[ mu* ( ! ,bible is due to ! imag9ation ( !ologians4 ,9 view ( ! difficulties t ,i h m5tion$1 if ! translators _h e>ne/ly tri$ to give u a fai?ful translation ( ! ,bible _! "w w\ld h teem$ ) imp]fections4 ,b !y did n ev5 attempt to give u a fai?ful translation4 ,we "k t 9 num]\s in/ances !y purposely mi/ranslat$ its words4 ,a hundr$ examples might be cit$4 ,"o w suffice--%eol4 ,! translators !mselves ought to be ! be/ judges ( ea* o!r's "w4 ,( ,beza's ,new ,te/am5t1 ,ca/alio says3 ,x w\ld require a l>ge volume to m>k d[n ! multitude ( errors :i* sw>m 9 ,beza's translation4 ,( ,ca/alio's translation1 ,beza says3 ,x is sacrilegi\s1 wick$1 & d[nright pagan4 ,review+ ,lu!r's ,bible1 ,zw+le writes3 ,?\ corrupte/1 ,o ,lu!r1 ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,?\ art kn[n to be an op5 & notori\s p]v]t] ( ! ,holy ,scriptures4 ,lu!r1 9 turn1 calls ! translators ( ,zw+le's ,bible a set ( fools1 anti-,*ri/s1 & impo/ors4 ,our ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion is c]ta9ly z faulty z any ( ! above1 & its translators h be5 ! recipi5ts ( z sev]e criticisms z ^? quot$4 ,! ,committee on ,revision1 :ile compell$ to treat x respectfully1 decl>$ aga9/ its infallibility 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,! /udi$ v>iety adopt$ by ! translators ( #afaa has produc$ a degree ( inconsi/5cy t _c be reconcil$ ) ! pr9ciples ( fai?fulness 7,preface to ,n4 ,v474 ,diff]5t ,v]sions ,conta9 ,diff]5t ,books4 ,t ! *>ges t ,i h made conc]n+ ! corruptions ( ! text ( ! ,bible are true1 "o fact alone amply proves--its _m discordant v]sions & translations4 ,hundr$s h p]i%$1 all ( !m diff]+ f ! orig9al & diff]+ f ea* o!r4 ,a hundr$ /ill exi/2 no two ( !m alike4 ,except+ ! ,engli% v]sions1 :i* are mo/ly revisions ( ! same v]sion1 sc>cely two ( ! pr9cipal v]sions conta9 ! same books4 ,! receiv$ ,hebrew conta9s #ci books 7#bb z divid$71 ! ,sam>itan #f 7"s copies b #e72 ! ,septuag9t ab\t #ej4 ,( ! ,*ri/ian v]sions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 "s conta9 ! ,apocryphal books1 o!rs d n4 ,! ,go?ic & ,e?iopic v]sions exclude a "p ( ! canonical books4 ,! ,syriac ,new ,te/am5t conta9s b #bb books2 ! ,italic #bd 7"s copies #be72 ! ,egyptian #bf2 ! ,vulgate #bg4 ,! ,e?iopic omits a canonical book & includes an apocryphal book4 ,! ,s9aitic & ,alex&rian manuscripts ea* conta9 #bi books4 ,ea* conta9s two apocryphal books1 b ! books are n ! same4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic & ! ,greek ,ca?olic ,bibles d n conta9 ! same numb] ( books4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic & ! ,prote/ant ,bibles d n conta9 ! same numb]2 ! ,roman ,ca?olic conta9s #ge1 ! ,prote/ant #ff4 ,diff]5t ,v]sions ( ! ,same ,book ,diff]4 ,no two v]sions ( ! same book are alike4 ,! ,sam>itan ,p5tateu* does n agree ) ! ,hebrew ,p5tateu*2 ! ,septuag9t ,p5tateu* agrees ) nei!r4 ,! ,hebrew & ! ,septuag9t h bo? be5 accept$ by ,*ri/ians z au?oritative4 ,9 a s+le *apt] may be f\nd a doz5 important v>iations3 ,hebrew4--,& ,arphaxad liv$ five & ?irty ye>s & begat ,salah 7,g54 xi1 #ab74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,arphaxad liv$ a hundr$ & ?irty-five ye>s & begat ,ca9an4 ,hebrew4--,& ,arphaxad liv$ aft] he begat ,salah f\r hundr$ & ?ree ye>s 7#ac74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,ca9an liv$ a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s & he begat ,salah1 & he liv$ aft] ! bir? ( ,salah ?ree hundr$ & ?irty ye>s4 ,hebrew4--,& ,salah liv$ ?irty ye>s & begat ,eb] 7#ad74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,salah liv$ a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s & begat ,eb]4 ,hebrew4--,& ,salah liv$ aft] he begat ,eb] f\r hundr$ & ?ree ye>s 7#ae74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,salah liv$ aft] he begat ,eb] ?ree hundr$ & ?irty ye>s4 ,hebrew4--,& ,eb] liv$ f\r & ?irty ye>s & begat ,peleg 7#af74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,eb] liv$ a hundr$ & ?irty-f\r ye>s & begat ,peleg4 ,hebrew4--,& ,eb] liv$ aft] he begat ,peleg f\r hundr$ & ?irty ye>s 7#ag74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,eb] liv$ aft] he begat ,peleg two hundr$ & sev5ty ye>s4 ,hebrew4--,& ,peleg liv$ ?irty ye>s & begat ,reu 7#ah74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,peleg liv$ a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s & begat ,ragad4 ,hebrew4--,& ,reu liv$ two & ?irty ye>s & begat ,s]ug 7#bj74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,ragad liv$ a hundr$ & ?irty-two ye>s & begat ,s]ug4 ,hebrew4--,& ,s]ug liv$ ?irty ye>s & begat ,nahor 7#bb74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,s]ug liv$ a hundr$ & ?irty ye>s & begat ,nahor4 ,hebrew4--,& ,nahor liv$ n9e & tw5ty ye>s & begot ,t]ah 7#bd74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,nahor liv$ a hundr$ & sev5ty-n9e ye>s & begat ,t]ah4 ,hebrew4--,& ,nahor liv$ aft] he begat ,t]ah an hundr$ & n9ete5 ye>s 7#be74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,nahor liv$ aft] he begat ,t]ah a hundr$ & tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,hebrew4--,& ,t]ah took ,abram 8 son & ,lot ! son ( ,h>an1 8 son's son1 & ,s>ai 8 daught]-9-law1 8 son ,abram's wife 7#ca74 ,septuag9t4--,& ,t]ah took ,abram & ,nahor 8 sons1 & ,lot ! son ( ,h>an 8 son's son1 & ,s>ai & ,mel*a1 8 daught]s-9-law1 ! wives ( 8 sons ,abram & ,nahor4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian v]sions & manuscripts conta9 an imm5se numb] ( diff]5t read+s1 at lea/ #aej1jjj4 ,dr4 ,mill discov]$ #hj1jjj diff]5t read+s 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t alone4 ,orig51 writ+ 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 says3 ,!re is a va/ diff]5ce betwixt ! sev]al editions ( ! scripture1 happ5+ ei!r ?r\gh ! c>elessness ( ! transcrib]s1 or else ! =w>dness ( "s :o pret5d to correct & adult]ate ! scripture 7,comm5t>y on ,/4 ,mat!w74 ,mod]n v]sions d n agree4 ,! read+s ( ! ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant v]sions are q unlike3 ,! ,prote/ant v]sions !mselves conta9 a great v>iety ( read+s4 ,! ,new ,v]sion is suppos$ to be simply a revision ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion4 ,! committee t prep>$ x 0 gov]n$ by ?is rule3 ,to introduce z few alt]ations z possible into ! text ( ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion consi/5t ) fai?fulness4 ,h[ _m alt]ations 7 made8 ,m ?an "o hundr$ ?\s&6 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! *anges made 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t3 ,old ,v]sion4--,all scripture is giv5 by inspiration ( ,god1 & is pr(itable = doctr9e1 etc4 7#b ,tim4 iii1 #af74 ,new ,v]sion4--,e scripture inspir$ ( ,god is also pr(itable = tea*+1 etc4 ,old4--,& ,joseph & 8 "m m>vel$ at ^? ?+s :i* 7 spok5 ( him 7,luke ii1 #cc74 ,new4--,& 8 fa!r & 8 "m 7 m>vel+ at ! ?+s :i* 7 spok5 conc]n+ him4 ,old4--,^! ?+s 7 done 9 ,be?ab>a beyond ,jordan 7,john i1 #bh74 ,new4--,^! ?+s 7 done 9 ,be?any beyond ,jordan4 ,old4--,god 0 manife/ 9 ! fle% 7#a ,tim4 iii1 #af74 ,new4--,he ,*ri/ :o 0 manife/$ 9 ! fle%4 ,old4--,no man1 :5 he ha? light$ a c&le1 putte? x 9 a secret place 7,luke xi1 #cc74 ,new4--,no man1 :5 he ha? light$ a lamp1 putte? x 9 a cell>4 ,old4--,because /rait is ! gate & n>r[ is ! way :i* leade? unto life 7,matt1 vii1 #ad74 ,new4--,= n>r[ is ! gate & /rait5$ ! way t leade? unto life4 ,old4--,our ,fa!r1 :i* art 9 heav54 ,hall[$ be ?y "n4 ,?y k+dom come4 ,?y w be done 9 e>?1 z x is 9 heav54 ,give u ?is day our daily bread4 ,& =give u our debts1 z we =give our debtors1 & lead u n into temptation1 b deliv] u f evil3 ,= ?9e is ! k+dom1 & ! p[]1 & ! glory1 = ev]4 ,am5 7,matt1 vi1 #i-ac74 ,new4--,our fa!r1 :i* art 9 heav54 ,hall[$ be ?y "n4 ,?y k+dom come4 ,?y w be done1 z 9 heav51 s on e>?4 ,give u ?is day our daily bread4 ,& =give u our debts1 z we also h =giv5 our debtors4 ,& br+ u n into temptation1 b deliv] u f ! evil "o4 ,"o w\ld suppose t if ,*ri/ians pres]v$ any "p ( ! ,bible free f corruption x w\ld be ! pray] ( _! ,"l1 a little pray] conta9+ b a few l9es4 ,& yet !y h n4 ,! s-call$ ,"l's ,pray] t our "m's taught u is n ! ,"l's ,pray]4 ,! pray] we le>n$ conta9s sixty-six words4 ,! ,"l's ,pray] conta9s b fifty-five4 ,! revis]s h expung$ fifte5 words1 add$ "s1 & alt]$ o!rs4 ,! la/ twelve v]ses ( ,m>k1 ! fir/ elev5 v]ses ( ,john viii1 & #a ,john v1 #h1 ?ree important passages1 are all admitt$ to be =g]ies4 ,diff]5t ,copies ( ! ,same ,v]sion ,diff]4 ,diff]5t copies ( ! same v]sion conta9 diff]5t read+s4 ,/4 ,j]ome's v]sion 0 decl>$ a =g]y1 because x diff]$ s mu* f ! ,italic v]sion !n 9 use4 ,j]ome anticipat$ ! *>ge & met ! objection 9 8 preface address$ to ,pope ,damasus3 ,two ?+s are my com=t "u su* a reproa*3 ,fir/1 t 'tis y1 ! ,supreme ,pontiff1 t h put me ^u ! task2 & secondly1 t by ! confession ev5 ( ! mo/ envi\s1 !re ne$s be "s falsity :]e !re is s mu* v>iety4 ,if !y say t ! ,lat9 copies are to be cr$it$1 let !m tell me :i*4 ,= !re are almo/ z _m diff]5t copies z !re are manuscripts4 ,pr(4 ,wilbur ,f4 ,/eele1 a not$ ,*ri/ian s*ol>1 relates ! foll[+ relative to our own v]sion3 ,9 #ahdh !re 0 su* confusion 9 ! (fice ( ! ,am]ican ,bible ,society1 & su* impossibility ( tell+ :at %\ld be ! read+ 9 _m places1 t a man 0 set to "w to br+ ord] out ( *aos4 ,he took f\r ,bibles f z _m lead+ ,bible h\ses ( ,engl&1 a copy ( ! ,am]ican ,bible ,society1 & a copy ( ! orig9al edition ( #afaa1 all claim+ to be ! same4 ,^! 7 c>efully comp>$ ?r\gh\t2 e v>iation1 no matt] h[ m9ute1 0 not$4 ,! numb] ( ^! v>iations 0 ab\t #bd1jjj 7,c5tral ,*ri/ian ,advocate74 ,tw5ty-f\r ?\s& v>iations f\nd 9 six copies ( ! same v]sion6 ,?us we see t diff]5t v]sions ( ! ,bible d n conta9 ! same books2 diff]5t v]sions ( ! same book d n conta9 ! same read+s1 :ile ev5 diff]5t copies ( ! same v]sions disagree4 ,:i* is ! ^w ( ,god8 ,if ! ,bible _h orig9ally consi/$ ( au!ntic & cr$ible docum5ts its cr$ibility w\ld h be5 greatly impair$ by ^! :olesale corruptions ( ! transcrib]s & translators4 ,b if we _h ! orig9als1 x is d\btful :e!r _! cr$ibility w\ld be mu* great] ?an ^! di/ort$ copies4 ,en\gh rema9s to %[ ! g5]al "* ( !m1 & ?is is bad4 ,!y consi/ mo/ly ( hi/orical & biographical n>ratives1 int]wov5 ) leg5ds1 my?s1 & fables2 crude poetical compositions2 ! rav+s ( diseas$ religi\s m9ds1 call$ prophecies & revelations2 & !ological diss]tations1 no two ( :i* agree 9 _! doctr9es4 ,a few ( ! books possess g5u9e m]it & des]ve a place among ! lit]>y treasures ( ! _w1 b all ( !m are fallible4 ,rem>kable1 z com+ f a !ological pr(essor1 b fraught ) tru? & confirmatory ( ! /atem5ts made 9 ?is *apt]1 are ^! words ( ,pr(essor ,/eele3 ,evid5tly e lett] ( ! ,engli% ,bible has n be5 miracul\sly wat*$ ov]4 ,he :o has nei!r eyes nor consci5ce may affirm x1 b p]sons provid$ ) ^! c n4 ,if ! affirm] h$ges by say+ he did n ref] to translations b to ! 'orig9al1' we note t 7#a7 translations are ! only ?+ mo/ p h to g to heav5 on2 & 7#b7 t s*ol>s ( tru? & consci5ce f9d equally z mu* fault ) ! 'orig9al4' ,!re are hundr$s1 if n ?\s&s1 ( places 9 :i* ! s*ol> f9ds conflict+ te/imony4 ,9 discuss+ ! cr$ibility ( ! ,bible ! "q ( au!nticity w1 = ! mo/ "p1 be waiv$4 ,) ,*ri/ians all ( its books are g5u9e--! writ+s ( ^? to :om !y are ascrib$--& = ! sake ( argum5t1 z well z conv5i5ce1 ^! ascrib$ au?ors w be recogniz$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,two ,,cosmogonies ,,( ,,g5esis4 ,a /]eotyp$ claim ( ,bible believ]s is ?is3 ,! acc\nt ( creation giv5 9 ,g5esis is 9 h>mony ) ! accept$ tea*+s ( sci5ce4 ,b :i* acc\nt8 ,9 ! op5+ *apt]s ( ,g5esis are pres5t$ two anci5t poems1 writt5 by diff]5t au?ors4 ,! fir/ comprises ! fir/ *apt] & ! fir/ ?ree v]ses ( ! second *apt]2 ! second comprises ! rema9d] ( ! second *apt]4 ,ea* poem conta9s a cosmogony4 ,b nei!r ( !m agrees ) ! demon/rat$ tru?s ( sci5ce4 ,above all1 !y d n agree ) ea* o!r4 ,! po9ts ( disagreem5t are _m1 *ief ( :i* are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,9 ! fir/ cosmogony ! appellation ( ,deity is uni=mly ,elohim 7! gods71 translat$ ,god4 ,?is t]m occurs ?irty-five times4 ,9 ! second1 ! appellation ( ,deity is uni=mly ,jehovah 7,yahweh7 ,elohim1 translat$ ,"l ,god4 ,?is t]m occurs elev5 times4 ,! fir/ belongs to ! ,prie/ly code1 ! second to ! ,jehovi/ic docum5t4 ,!y repres5t diff]5t s*ools ( ,jewi% ?\ght & diff]5t p]iods ( ,jewi% hi/ory4 #b4 ,9 ! fir/1 e>? is a *aos cov]$ ) wat]4 ,! wat]s mu/ be assuag$ be=e vegetation c appe>4 ,9 ! second1 e>? is at fir/ a dry pla94 ,vegetation _c exi/ because !re is no moi/ure4 ,= ! ,"l ,god _h n caus$ x to ra9 ^u ! e>? 7ii1 #e74 #c4 ,9 ! fir/1 plants are creat$ f ! e>?--are a product ( ! e>?4 ,& ! e>? br\ght =? grass & h]b 7i1 #ab74 ,9 ! second1 !y are creat$ indep5d5t ( ! e>?--are creat$ by ,god & !n transf]r$ to e>?4 ,! ,"l ,god made ! e>? & ! heav5s1 & e plant ( ! field be=e x 0 9 ! e>?1 & e h]b ( ! field be=e x grew 7ii1 #d1 #e74 #d4 ,9 ! fir/1 f[ls1 fi%1 & aquatic animals =m "o act ( creation--l& animals & reptiles ano!r2 ! =m] be+ creat$ on ! fif? day1 ! latt] on ! six? 7i1 #ba-be74 ,9 ! second1 f[ls & l& animals are creat$ at ! same "t--=m "o creation act 7ii1 #ai74 #e4 ,9 ! fir/1 f[ls are creat$ out ( ! wat]4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! wat]s br+ =? abundantly ! mov+ creature t ha? life1 & f[l t may fly above ! e>? 7i1 #bj74 ,9 ! second1 f[ls are creat$ out ( ! gr\nd4 ,out ( ! gr\nd ! ,"l ,god =m$ e bea/ ( ! field & e f[l ( ! air 7ii1 #ai74 #f4 ,9 ! fir/1 trees are creat$ be=e man4 ,trees appe> on ! ?ird day1 :ile man does n appe> until ! six? day4 ,9 ! second1 trees are creat$ aft] man4 ,& ! ,"l ,god =m$ man2 444 plant$ a g>d5 ea/w>d 9 ,ed52 & !re he put ! man :om he _h =m$4 ,& out ( ! gr\nd made ! ,"l ,god to gr[ e tree1 etc4 7ii1 #g1 #h47 #g4 ,9 ! fir/1 f[ls are creat$ be=e man--are creat$ on ! fif? day1 :ile ! creation ( man does n occur until ! six? day4 ,9 ! second1 f[ls are creat$ aft] man4 ,! ,"l ,god =m$ e bea/ ( ! field1 & e f[l ( ! air2 & br\ght !m unto ,adam to see :at he w\ld call !m 7ii1 #ai74 #h4 ,9 ! fir/1 man is creat$ aft] ! bea/s4 ,god's fir/ "w on ! six? day 0 ! creation ( bea/s1 8 la/ "w 0 ! creation ( man 7i1 #bd-ca74 ,9 ! second1 man is creat$ be=e ! bea/s4 ,god makes man be=e he plants ! g>d5 ( ,ed51 :ile bea/s are n made until aft] ! g>d5 is plant$ 7ii1 #g-ai74 #i4 ,9 ! fir/1 man & woman are creat$ at ! same "t4 ,s ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image1 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ he him2 male & female creat$ he !m 7i1 #bg74 ,9 ! second1 woman is creat$ aft] man4 ,! writ] supposes a consid]able p]iod ( "t to h elaps$ betwe5 ! creation ( man & ! creation ( woman4 ,god creates man2 !n he plants a g>d5 & places ! man !re to t5d x2 next he makes ! animals & birds & br+s !m to ,adam to "n2 f9ally he concludes t ,adam ne$s a helpmate1 & tak+ a rib f 8 body1 creates woman4 #aj4 ,! fir/ cosmogony comprises eight di/9ct creations3 #a4 ,light4 #b4 ,! firmam5t4 #c4 ,dry l&4 #d4 ,vegetation4 #e4 ,sun1 moon1 & />s4 #f4 ,fi% & f[ls4 #g4 ,l& animals4 #h4 ,man4 ,! second comprises f\r creations3 #a4 ,man 7,adam74 #b4 ,trees4 #c4 ,animals4 #d4 ,woman 7,eve74 #aa4 ,9 ! fir/1 ! heav5s & ! e>? are creat$ 9 six lit]al days4 ,9 ! second1 no m5tion is made ( ?is six days' creation4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! writ] simply ref]s to ! day t ! ,"l ,god made ! e>? & ! heav5s 7ii1 #d74 #ab4 ,9 ! fir/1 ,god1 f 8 ?rone 9 heav51 speaks e>?'s creation into be+4 ,god said1 ,let ! e>? br+ =?1 444 & x 0 s4 ,9 ! second1 ,god comes d[n on e>?1 plants a g>d51 molds man out ( clay1 brea!s 9 8 no/rils1 makes woman out ( a rib1 makes birds & animals z a *ild makes mud pies1 & br+s !m to ,adam to see :at he w call !m4 #ac4 ,9 ! fir/1 man at ! creation is giv5 bo? fruit & h]bs to subsi/ ^u4 ,behold ,i h giv5 y e h]b be>+ se$1 444 & e tree1 9 ! :i* is ! fruit ( a tree yield+ se$2 to y x %all be = meat 7i1 #bi74 ,9 ! second1 he is giv5 fruit alone = food4 ,n until aft] he s9s & ! curse is pron\nc$ does ,god say1 ,?\ %alt eat ! h]b ( ! field 7iii1 #ah74 ,accord+ to ?is writ] ! use ( h]bs & gra9 = food 0 a consequ5ce ( man's fall4 #ad4 ,9 ! fir/1 man may p>take ( ! fruit ( all ! trees4 ,e tree 9 ! :i* is ! fruit ( a tree yield+ se$2 to y x %all be = meat 7i1 #bi74 ,9 ! second1 he is n p]mitt$ to p>take ( ! fruit ( all ! trees4 ,ye %all n eat ( e tree ( ! g>d5 7iii1 #a74 ,( ! tree ( ! k ( good & evil1 ?\ %alt n eat ( x 7ii1 #ag74 #ae4 ,9 ! fir/1 ,god made ! firmam5t1 & divid$ ! wat]s :i* 7 "u ! firmam5t f ! wat]s :i* 7 above ! firmam5t 7i1 #g74 ,:5 moi/ure 0 ne$$ ! w9d[s ( heav5 7 op5$ & wat] dis*>g$ f ! res]voir above4 ,:5 en\gh 0 dis*>g$ ! w9d[s ( heav5 7 /opp$1 & ! ra9 f heav5 0 re/ra9$ 7viii1 #b74 ,9 ! second1 :5 moi/ure 0 ne$$1 ,!re w5t up a mi/ f ! e>?1 & wat]$ ! :ole face ( ! gr\nd 7ii1 #f74 #af4 ,9 ! fir/1 man is giv5 dom9ion ov] all ! e>?4 ,let !m h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! air1 & ov] ! cattle1 & ov] all ! e>? 7i1 #bf74 ,9 ! second1 8 dom9ion is conf9$ to a g>d54 ,& ! ,"l ,god took ! man1 & put him into ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 to dress x & keep x 7ii1 #ae74 #ag4 ,bo? cosmogonies are !ological r ?an sci5tific4 ,! real purpose ( ! fir/1 9 its pres5t =m at lea/1 is n s mu* to expla9 ! creation ( ! univ]se z to inculcate a belief 9 ! div9e in/itution ( ! ,sabba?4 ,x belongs to ! ,prie/ly code1 & "o ( ! *ief pill>s ( prie/craft is ! ,sabba?4 ,! second conta9s no recognition ( ! ,sabba?4 ,! *ief purpose ( ?is acc\nt ( ! creation1 if we include ! ?ird *apt]1 :i* is really a cont9uation ( x1 is to e/abli% ! doctr9e ( ! ,fall ( ,man4 #ah4 ,accord+ to ! fir/ ! ,creator is an optimi/4 ,he views all 8 works & decl>es !m good4 ,accord+ to ! second ! ,creator is a pessimi/4 ,he sees 9 8 works bo? good & evil2 ! good cont9u+ to dim9i%1 & ! evil cont9u+ to increase4 ,to e/abli% ! cr$ibility & div9e orig9 ( ,g5esis x is necess>y n m]ely to h>monize its !ories ) sci5ce1 b to reconcile its /atem5ts ) ea* o!r4 ,! latt] is z impossible z ! =m]4 ,dean ,/anley1 9 8 ,memorial ,s]mon on ,sir ,*>les ,lyell at ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 made ?is frank admission3 ,x is n[ cle> to dilig5t /ud5ts ( ! ,bible t ! fir/ & second *apt]s ( ,g5esis conta9 two n>ratives ( ! creation1 side by side1 diff]+ f ea* o!r 9 mo/ e p>ticul> ( "t1 place1 & ord]4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,! ,,patri>*al ,,age4 ,9 dispro( ( ! cr$ibility ( ! s-call$ patri>*al hi/ory ( ! ,p5tateu*1 a few ( its _m incr$ible & contradictory /atem5ts w be pres5t$ "h4 #a4 ,! foll[+ are ! record$ ages ( ! patri>*s3 ,adam1 #icj ye>s 7,g54 v1 #e72 ,se?1 #iab 7#h72 ,enos1 #ije 7#aa74 ,ca9an1 #iaj 7#ad72 ,mahalaleel1 #hie 7#ag72 ,j>$1 #ifb 7#bj72 ,eno*1 #cfe 7#bc7 ,me?uselah1 #ifi 7#bg72 ,lame*1 #ggg 7#ca72 ,noah1 #iej 7ix1 #bi72 ,%em1 #fjj 7xi1 #aj1 #aa72 ,arphaxad1 #dch 7#ab1 #ac72 ,ca9an1 #dfj 7omitt$ 9 ,hebrew ,v]sion1 b giv5 9 ,septuag9t72 ,salah1 #dcc 7#ad1 #ae72 ,eb]1 #dfd 7#af1 #ag71 ,peleg1 #bci 7#ah1 #ai72 ,reu1 #bci 7#bj1 #ba72 ,s]ug1 #bcj1 7#bb1 #bc72 ,nahor1 #adh 7#bd1 #be72 ,t]ah1 #bje 7#cb72 ,abraham1 #age1 7xxv1 #g72 ,isaac1 #ahj 7xxxv1 #bh72 ,jacob1 #adg 7xlvii1 #bh72 ,joseph1 #aaj 7l1 #bf74 ,elev5 g5]ations ( ^! patri>*s 7twelve if ,ca9an be includ$71 ,noah1 ,%em1 ,arphaxad1 7,ca9an71 ,salah1 ,eb]1 ,peleg1 ,reu1 ,s]ug1 ,nahor1 ,t]ah1 & ,abraham1 7 all liv+ at ! same "t4 ,noah di$ 9 ! ye> #bjjf ,a4,m4 ,:5 ,adam di$ ,noah's fa!r 0 #ef ye>s old4 ,abraham 0 ! tw5tie? g5]ation f ,adam4 ,:5 ,abraham 0 #ef ye>s old1 ,noah1 ^: fa!r 0 #ef ye>s old :5 ,adam di$1 0 /ill liv+4 ,:5 ,noah di$1 8 great-great-great-great-great-great-grea t-great-great gr&son1 ,abraham1 0 an old man4 ,isaac 0 ! elev5? g5]ation f ,%em4 ,:5 ,%em di$ ,isaac 0 #aaj ye>s old4 ,jacob 0 ! ?irte5? g5]ation f ,noah4 ,:5 ,noah's elde/ son di$ ,jacob 0 #ej ye>s old4 ,! comb9$ ages ( sev5 patri>*s equal a sum five hundr$ ye>s great] ?an ! "t t has elaps$ f ! creation ( ! _w to ! pres5t "t4 #b4 ,e "o t f9de? me %all slay me 7,g54 iv1 #ad74 ,& ! ,"l set a m>k ^u ,ca91 le/ any f9d+ him %\ld kill him 7#ae74 ,& ,ca9 w5t out f ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l1 & dwelt 9 ! l& ( ,nod 7#af74 ,& ,ca9 knew 8 wife3 & %e conceiv$1 & b>e ,eno*2 & he ,ca9 build$ a city 7#ag74 ,ca91 believ+ t he _h a plurality ( lives1 & fe>+ t e "o :o f\nd him w\ld take "o1 appeal$ to ,god1 :o set a m>k on him s t 8 fa!r & "m1 ! only p]sons 9 exi/5ce besides himself1 w\ld "k him4 ,!n go+ out f ! pres5ce ( ,omnipres5ce1 he w5t to a c\ntry :]e nobody liv$1 m>ri$ a wife1 & built a city ) a population ( ?ree inhabitants4 #c4 ,& ,me?uselah liv$ a hundr$ eighty & sev5 ye>s1 & begat ,lame*3 & ,me?uselah liv$ aft] he begat ,lame* sev5 hundr$ eighty & two ye>s4444 ,& all ! days ( ,me?uselah 7 n9e hundr$ sixty & n9e ye>s 7,g54 v1 #be-bg74 ,& ,lame* liv$ a hundr$ eighty & two ye>s1 & begat a son3 & he call$ 8 "n ,noah 7#bh1 #bi74 ,9 ! six hundr$? ye> ( ,noah's life1 9 ! second mon?1 ! sev5te5? day ( ! mon?1 ! same day 7 all ! f\nta9s ( ! great deep brok5 up1 & ! w9d[s ( heav5 7 op5$ 7vii1 #aa74 ,& x came to pass 9 ! six hundr$? & fir/ ye>1 9 ! fir/ mon?1 ! fir/ day ( ! mon?1 ! wat]s 7 dri$ up f (f ! e>? 7viii1 #ac74 ,& ,noah liv$ aft] ! flood ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,& all ! days ( ,noah 7 n9e hundr$ & fifty ye>s 7ix1 #bh1 #bi74 ,:5 ! ,flood began ,noah 0 #eii ye>s 7"o mon? & sev5te5 days7 old2 :5 x end$ he 0 exactly #fjj ye>s old4 ,x is commonly suppos$ t ,me?uselah di$ be=e ! ,flood4 ,if ! =ego+ passages be correct1 he did n1 z w be %[n by ! foll[+3 #a4 ,f ! bir? ( ,lame* to ! beg9n+ ( ! ,flood 0 #ahb ye>s #eii #gha ye>s2 & f ! bir? ( ,lame* to ! end ( ! ,flood 0 #ahb ye>s #fjj ye>s #ghb ye>s4 ,if ,me?uselah liv$ aft] he begat ,lame* #ghb ye>s1 he liv$ until ! end ( ! ,flood4 #b4 ,f ! bir? ( ,me?uselah to ! beg9n+ ( ! ,flood 0 #ahg ye>s #ahb ye>s #eii ye>s #ifh ye>s4 ,f ! bir? ( ,me?uselah to ! end ( ! ,flood 0 #ahg ye>s #ahb ye>s #fjj ye>s #ifi ye>s4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,flood he 0 b #ifh ye>s old1 & n until ! end ( x 0 he #ifi4 #c4 ,f ! bir? ( ,me?uselah to ! dea? ( ,noah 0 #ahg ye>s #ahb ye>s #iej ye>s #acai ye>s4 ,z ,noah di$ #cej ye>s aft] ! ,flood1 f ! bir? ( ,me?uselah to ! end ( ! ,flood 0 #acai ye>s - #cej ye>s #ifi ye>s4 ,if he liv$ #ifi ye>s1 he liv$ until ! end ( ! ,flood4 ,z ,me?uselah 0 n "o ( ! eight p]sons t w5t into ! ark1 :]e 0 he dur+ ! ,flood8 ,accord+ to ! ,septuag9t ,g5esis1 ! ,flood occurr$ f\rte5 ye>s be=e ! dea? ( ,me?uselah4 #d4 ,( e liv+ ?+ ( all fle%1 two ( e sort %alt ?\ br+ into ! ark1 to keep !m alive ) !e2 !y %all be male & female4 ,( f[ls aft] _! k9d1 & ( cattle aft] _! k9d1 ( e creep+ ?+ ( ! e>? aft] 8 k9d2 two ( e sort %all come unto !e 7,g54 vi1 #ai1 #bj74 ,( e clean bea/ ?\ %alt take to !e by sev5s1 ! male & 8 female3 & ( bea/s t are n clean by two1 ! male & 8 female4 ,( f[ls also ( ! air by sev5s1 ! male & ! female 7vii1 #b1 #c74 ,ref]r+ to ! above1 ! celebrat$ ,jewi% comm5tator1 ,dr4 ,kalis*1 says3 ,noah 0 comm&$ to take into ! ark sev5 pairs ( all clean1 & "o pair ( all unclean1 animals1 :]eas he _h be=e be5 ord]$ to take "o pair ( e species1 no di/9ction :atev] betwe5 clean & unclean animals hav+ be5 made4444 ,we d n hesitate to ackn[l$ge "h ! manife/ contradiction4 #e4 ,& ,noah 0 five hundr$ ye>s old2 & ,noah begat ,%em 7v1 #cb74 ,& ,noah 0 six hundr$ ye>s old :5 ! flood ( wat]s 0 ^u ! e>? 7vii1 #f74 ,%em 0 a hundr$ ye>s old1 & he begat ,arphaxad two ye>s aft] ! flood 7xi1 #aj74 ,if ,noah 0 five hundr$ ye>s old :5 he begat ,%em1 & six hundr$ ye>s old at ! "t ( ! ,flood1 ,%em 0 "o hundr$ ye>s old at ! "t ( ! ,flood4 ,if ,%em begat ,arphaxad two ye>s aft] ! ,flood1 he 0 "o hundr$ & two ye>s old :5 he begat ,arphaxad4 #f4 ,& ,arphaxad begat ,salah 7,g54 x1 #bd74 ,& ,arphaxad begat ,%elah 7#a ,*ron4 i1 #ah74 ,& ,arphaxad begat ,ca9an1 & ,ca9an begat ,salah 7,g5esis1 ,sept4 ,v]474 ,:i* 0 ! son ( ,sala1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,ca9an1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,arphaxad 7,luke iii1 #ce1 #cf74 ,accord+ to ! ,hebrew ,g5esis & ,*ronicles1 ,arphaxad 0 ! fa!r ( ,salah2 accord+ to ! ,septuag9t ,g5esis & ,luke1 ,ca9an 0 ! fa!r1 & ,arphaxad ! gr&fa!r ( ,salah4 #g4 ,! woman ,s>ah 0 tak5 into ,ph>aoh's h\se 7,g54 xii1 #ae74 ,& ,ph>aoh call$ ,abram1 & said1 ,:at is ?is t ?\ ha/ done unto me8 7#ah74 ,& ,abimele* k+ ( ,g]> s5t1 & took ,s>ah 7xx1 #b74 ,!n ,abimele* call$ unto ,abraham1 & said unto him1 ,:at ha/ ?\ done unto u8 7#i74 ,x may be claim$ t bo? ,ph>aoh & ,abimele* took ,s>ah4 ,b x is evid5t t ^! are bo? leg5ds ( ! same ev5t1 or1 r1 diff]5t & conflict+ =ms ( ! same leg5d4 ,! fir/ belongs to ! ,jehovi/1 ! second to ! ,elohi/4 #h4 ,& ,abram 0 sev5ty & five ye>s old :5 he dep>t$ out ( ,h>an4444 ,& into ! l& ( ,canaan !y came 7,g54 xii1 #d1 #e74 ,& ,t]ah liv$ sev5ty ye>s & begat ,abram 7xi1 #bf74 ,& ! days ( ,t]ah 7 two hundr$ & five ye>s 7#cb74 ,:5 8 fa!r 0 dead1 he ,abram remov$ him into ?is l&1 :]e9 ye n[ dwell 7,acts vii1 #d74 ,if ,abram did n g to ,canaan until aft] ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 he did n g until he 0 #ace ye>s old1 #fj ye>s old] ?an /at$ 9 ! fir/ acc\nt4 #i4 ,& ,abram 0 f\r score & six ye>s old :5 ,hag> b>e ,i%mael to ,abram 7,g54 xvi1 #af74 ,& ,abraham 0 a hundr$ ye>s old :5 8 son ,isaac 0 born unto him 7xxi1 #e74 ,& ! *ild ,isaac grew1 & 0 wean$ 7#h74 ,& ,abraham rose up e>ly 9 ! morn+1 & took bread1 & a bottle ( wat]1 & gave x unto ,hag>1 putt+ x on h] %\ld]1 & ! *ild ,i%mael1 & s5t h] away3 & %e dep>t$1 & w&]$ 9 ! wild]ness ( ,be]%eba4 ,& ! wat] 0 sp5t 9 ! bottle1 & %e ca/ ! *ild "u "o ( ! %rubs 7#ad1 #ae74 ,:5 ,isaac 0 wean$1 & ,hag> 0 s5t into ! wild]ness1 ,i%mael1 :o 0 ab\t sixte5 ye>s old1 is repres5t$ z a babe 9 8 "m's arms4 #aj4 ,& ,esau 0 =ty ye>s old :5 he took to wife ,judi? ! daught] ( ,be]i ! ,hittite1 & ,ba%ema? ! daught] ( ,elon ! ,hittite 7,g54 xxvi1 #cd74 ,esau took 8 wives ( ! daught]s ( ,canaan2 ,adah ! daught] ( ,elon ! ,hittite1 & ,aholibamah ! daught] ( ,anah ! daught] ( ,zibeon ! ,hivite2 & ,ba%ema? ,i%mael's daught] 7xxxvi1 #b1 #c74 ,did ,esau m>ry two wives1 accord+ to ! fir/ acc\nt1 or ?ree1 accord+ to ! second8 ,0 8 fir/ wife ,judi?1 ! daught] ( ,be]i1 or ,adah1 ! daught] ( ,elon8 ,0 ,ba%ema? ! daught] ( ,elon ! ,hittite1 or 0 %e ! daught] ( 8 uncle ,i%mael8 #aa4 ,i appe>$ unto ,abraham1 unto ,isaac1 & unto ,jacob1 by ! "n ( ,god ,almighty3 b by my "n ,jehovah 0 ,i n kn[n to !m 7,ex4 vi1 #c74 ,i ,abraham h lift$ up m9e h& unto ! ,"l ,jehovah ! mo/ high ,god 7,g54 xiv1 #bb74 ,he ,isaac said1 ,= n[ ! ,"l ,jehovah ha? made room = u 7xxvi1 #bb74 ,he ,jacob said1 ,surely ! ,"l ,jehovah is 9 ?is place 7xxviii1 #af74 ,accord+ to ! writ] 9 ,exodus1 ,jehovah did n become ! national ,god ( ,israel until aft] ! "t ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob4 ,accord+ to ! writ] 9 ,g5esis1 he 0 kn[n to ea* ( ^! patri>*s4 #ab4 ,all ! s\ls ( ! h\se ( ,jacob1 :i* came into ,egypt1 7 ?ree score & t5 7xlvi1 #bg74 ,!n s5t ,joseph1 & call$ 8 fa!r ,jacob to him1 & all 8 k9dr$1 ?ree score & fifte5 s\ls 7,acts vii1 #ad74 #ac4 ,& ! ,midianites sold him ,joseph into ,egypt unto ,potiph>1 an (fic] ( ,ph>aoh's1 & capta9 ( ! gu>d 7,g54 xxxvii1 #cf74 ,& ,potiph>1 an (fic] ( ,ph>aoh1 capta9 ( ! gu>d1 an ,egyptian1 b\ght him ,joseph ( ! h&s ( ! ,i%maelites 7xxxix1 #a74 #ad4 ,n[ ! sons ( ,jacob 7 twelve3 ! sons ( ,leah2 ,reub51 ,jacob's fir/born1 & ,simeon1 & ,levi1 etc4 7,g54 xxxv1 #bb1 #bc74 ,& ^! are ! names ( ! sons ( ,levi1 accord+ to _! g5]ations3 ,g]%on1 & ,koha? etc4 7,ex4 vi1 #af74 ,& ! sons ( ,koha?2 ,amram1 etc4 7#ah74 ,& ,amram took him ,jo*eb$ 8 fa!r's si/] to wife2 & %e b>e him ,a>on & ,moses 7#bj74 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel j\rney$ f ,ramases to ,succo?1 ab\t six hundr$ ?\s& on foot t 7 m51 beside *ildr5 7,ex4 xii1 #cg74 ,levi 0 ! son ( ,jacob1 ,koha? 0 ! son ( ,levi1 ,amram 0 ! son ( ,koha?1 & ,moses 0 ! son ( ,amram4 ,moses 0 ! f\r? g5]ation f ,jacob4 ,9 ! "t ( ,moses ! adult male population ( ,israel numb]$ #fjj1jjj1 repres5t+ a total population ( ab\t #c1jjj1jjj4 ,?us 9 f\r g5]ations ! prog5y ( ,jacob increas$ f twelve p]sons to ?ree millions4 #ae4 ,judah1 ,jacob's f\r? son1 m>ri$ & _h ?ree sons--,er1 ,onan1 & ,%elah4 ,er grew to manhood1 m>ri$ ,tam>1 & di$4 ,onan !n m>ri$ 8 wid[1 & di$ also4 ,%elah1 :o 0 mu* y\ng] ?an ,onan1 grew to manhood & refus$ to m>ry 8 bro!r's wid[4 ,tam> !n _h two sons1 ,ph>ez & ,z>ah1 by ,judah himself 7,g54 xxxviii74 ,ph>ez grew to manhood1 m>ri$1 & _h two sons1 ,hezron & ,hamil 7xlvi1 #ab71 be=e ,jacob & 8 family w5t to ,egypt4 ,:5 !y w5t to ,egypt1 ,judah 0 b =ty-two ye>s old4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,! ,,jewi% ,,k+s4 ,mu* ( ! ,bible is devot$ to ev5ts :i* are n>rat$ b once4 ,^! records may be true1 or !y may be false4 ,we may "q _! tru?fulness1 b x is difficult to demon/rate _! falsity4 ,_h all ! ev5ts ( ! ,bible be5 record$ b once its cr$ibility c\ld ! m easily be ma9ta9$4 ,b :]ev] two or m acc\nts ( ! same ev5ts occur1 su* z 9 ,k+s & ,*ronicles1 :]e two hi/ories ( ! ,jewi% ,k+s are giv51 & 9 ! ,f\r ,gospels1 :]e f\r biographies ( ,jesus are giv51 we f9d !m s fill$ ) discrepancies z to make !m unwor?y ( cr$it4 ,! foll[+ are "s ( ! contradictory /atem5ts t occur 9 ! books p]ta9+ to ! ,jewi% k+s3 #a ,0 ,david ! sev5? or ! eigh? son ( ,jesse8 ,& ,jesse begat 8 fir/-born ,eliab1 & ,ab9adab ! second1 & ,%imma ! ?ird1 ,ne?aniel ! f\r?1 ,raddai ! fif?1 ,ozem ! six?1 ,david ! sev5? 7#a ,*ron4 ii1 #ac-ae74 ,aga91 ,jesse made sev5 ( 8 sons to pass be=e ,samuel4 ,& ,samuel said unto ,jesse1 ,! ,"l ha? n *os5 ^!4 ,& ,samuel said unto ,jesse1 are "h all ?y *ildr58 ,& he said1 ,!re rema9e? yet ! y\nge/ ,david 7#a ,sam4 xvi1 #aj1 #aa74 #b ,:o gave ,david ! %ewbread to eat :5 he 0 a fugitive f ,saul8 ,!n came ,david to ,nob to ,abimele* ! ,high prie/4444 ,s ! prie/ gave him hall[$ bread3 = !re 0 no bread !re b ! %ewbread 7#a ,sam4 xxi1 #a1 #f74 ,& he ,jesus said unto !m1 ,h ye nev] read :at ,david did :5 he 0 ahung]$1 he1 & !y t 7 ) him8 ,h[ he w5t into ! h\se ( ,god 9 ! days ( ,abia?> ! high prie/1 & did eat ! %ewbread8 7,m>k ii1 #be1 #bf74 #c ,:at relation did ! ,high ,prie/s ,abimele* & ,abia?> be> to ea* o!r8 ,abia?> ! son ( ,abimele* 7#a ,sam4 xxiii1 #f74 ,abimele* ! son ( ,abia?> 7#b ,sam4 viii1 #ag74 #d ,:at sons 7 born to ,david 9 ,j]usalem8 ,& ^! be ! names ( ^? t 7 born unto him 9 ,j]usalem3 ,%ammuah1 & ,%obab1 & ,na?an1 & ,solomon1 ,ibh> also1 & ,eli%ua1 & ,nepheg1 & ,japhia1 & ,eli%ama1 & ,eliada1 & ,eliphalet 7#b ,sam4 v1 #ad-af74 ,n[ ^! are ! names ( 8 *ildr5 :i* he _h 9 ,j]usalem3 ,%ammua1 & ,%obab1 ,na?an1 & ,solomon1 & ,ibh>1 & ,eli%ua1 & ,elpalet1 & ,nogah1 & ,nepheg & ,japhia1 & ,eli%ama1 & ,beeliada1 & ,eliphalet 7#a ,*ron4 xiv1 #d-g74 #e ,:at 0 ! "n ( ,david's t5? son 7twelf? accord+ to ,*ronicles78 ,eliada 7#b ,sam4 v1 #af74 ,beeliada 7#a ,*ron4 xiv1 #g74 ,eliada means ,god kn[s2 ,beeliada means ,baal kn[s4 ,did ,david "n 8 son = ! ,god ( ! ,jews1 or = ! ,god ( ! hea!n8 #f ,h[ _m horsem5 did ,david take f ,hadadez]8 ,david took f him a ?\s& *>iots1 & sev5 hundr$ horsem51 & tw5ty ?\s& footm5 7#b ,sam4 viii1 #d74 ,david took f him a ?\s& *>iots1 & sev5 ?\s& horsem51 & tw5ty ?\s& footm5 7#a ,*ron4 xviii1 #d74 #g ,0 x =ty ?\s& horsem5 or =ty ?\s& footm5 t ,david slew ( ! ,syrians8 ,david slew ! m5 ( sev5 hundr$ *>iots ( ! ,syrians1 & =ty ?\s& horsem5 7#b ,sam4 x1 #ah74 ,david slew ( ! ,syrians sev5 ?\s& m5 :i* f\ght 9 *>iots & =ty ?\s& footm5 7#a ,*ron4 xix1 #ah74 #h ,:o mov$ ,david to numb] ! p1 ! ,"l or ,satan8 ,! ang] ( ! ,"l 0 k9dl$ aga9/ ,israel1 & he mov$ ,david aga9/ !m to say1 ,g1 numb] ,israel & ,judah 7#b ,sam4 xxiv1 #a74 ,& ,satan /ood up aga9/ ,israel1 & provok$ ,david to numb] ,israel 7#a ,*ron4 xxi1 #a74 #i ,h[ _m w>riors _h ,israel & ,judah8 ,& !re 7 9 ,israel eight hundr$ ?\s& #hjj1jjj valiant m5 t drew ! sword1 & ! m5 ( ,judah 7 five hundr$ ?\s& #ejj1jjj m5 7#b ,sam4 xxiv1 #i74 ,& all !y ( ,israel 7 a ?\s& ?\s& & a hundr$ ?\s& #a1ajj1jjj m5 t drew sword2 & ,judah 0 f\r hundr$ ?ree score & t5 ?\s& #dgj1jjj m5 7#a ,*ron4 xxi1 #e74 #aj ,0 ,david to suff] ?ree or sev5 ye>s ( fam9e8 ,s ,gad came to ,david & said unto him3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 *oose !e ei!r ?ree ye>s ( fam9e1 or ?ree mon?s to be de/roy$ be=e ?y foes 7#a ,*ron4 xxi1 #aa1 #ab74 ,s ,gad came to ,david & told him1 & said unto him1 ,%all sev5 ye>s ( fam9e come unto !e 9 ?y l&8 or wilt ?\ flee ?ree mon?s be=e ?9e enemies8 7#b ,sam4 xxiv1 #ac74 #aa ,:at did ,david pay = ! ?re%+ floor8 ,& ,gad came t day to ,david1 & said unto him1 ,g up1 re> an alt> unto ! ,"l 9 ! ?re%+ floor ( ,araunah ,ornan ! ,jebusite4444 ,s ,david b\ght ! ?re%+-floor & ! ox5 = fifty %ekels ( silv] #bf4ej 7#b ,sam4 xxiv1 #ah1 #bd74 ,!n ! angel ( ! ,"l comm&$ ,gad to say to ,david1 t ,david %\ld g up1 & set up an alt> unto ! ,"l 9 ! ?re%+-floor ( ,ornan ! ,jebusite4444 ,s ,david gave to ,ornan = ! place six hundr$ %ekels ( gold #c1dad 7#a ,*ron4 xxi1 #ah1 #be74 #ab ,h[ _m ov]se]s did ,solomon h :ile build+ ! ,temple8 ,& ,solomon _h ?ree score & t5 ?\s& t b>e burd5s1 & f\r score ?\s& hew]s 9 ! m\nta9s2 besides ! *ief ( ,solomon's (fic]s :i* 7 ov] ! "w1 ?ree ?\s& & ?ree hundr$ 7#a ,k+s1 v1 #ae1 #af74 ,& he set ?ree score & t5 ?\s& ( !m to be be>]s ( burd5s & f\r score ?\s& to be hew]s 9 ! m\nta9s1 & ?ree ?\s& & six hundr$ ov]se]s to set ! p awork 7#b ,*ron4 ii1 #ah74 #ac ,:at 0 ! height ( ! pill>s be=e ! h\se8 ,= he ca/ two pill>s ( brass1 ( eighte5 cubits high apiece4444 ,& he set up ! "r pill>1 & call$ ! "n !re( ,ja*93 & he set up ! left pill>1 & call$ ! "n !re( ,boaz 7#a ,k+s vii1 #ae1 #ba74 ,also he made be=e ! h\se two pill>s ( ?irty & five cubits high1 444 & call$ ! "n ( t on ! "r h& ,ja*91 & ! "n ( t on ! left ,boaz 7#b ,*ron4 iii1 #ae1 #ag74 #ad ,:at 0 ! capacity ( ! molt5 sea8 ,& he made a molt5 sea1 t5 cubits f ! "o brim to ! o!r4444 ,& x 0 a h&-bread? ?ick1 & ! brim !re( 0 wr\ght l ! brim ( a cup1 ) fl[]s ( lilies3 x conta9$ two ?\s& ba?s 7#a ,k+s vii1 #bc1 #bf74 ,also he made a molt5 sea ( t5 cubits f brim to brim4444 ,& ! ?ickness ( x 0 a h&bread?1 & ! brim ( x l ! "w ( ! brim ( a cup1 ) fl[]s ( lilies2 & x receiv$ & held ?ree ?\s& ba?s 7#b ,*ron4 iv1 #b1 #e74 #ae ,h[ _m ov]se]s did ,solomon h ov] 8 o!r works8 ,^! 7 ! *ief ( ! (fic]s t 7 ov] ,solomon's "w1 five hundr$ & fifty1 :i* b>e rule ov] ! p t wr\ght 9 ! "w 7#a ,k+s ix1 #bc74 ,& ^! 7 ! *ief ( ,k+ ,solomon's (fic]s1 ev5 two hundr$ & fifty1 t b>e rule ov] ! p 7#b ,*ron4 viii1 #aj74 #af ,h[ _m /alls did ,solomon h = 8 horses8 ,& ,solomon _h f\r ?\s& /alls = horses & *>iots1 & twelve ?\s& horsem5 7#b ,*ron4 ix1 #be74 ,& ,solomon _h =ty ?\s& /alls ( horses = 8 *>iots1 & twelve ?\s& horsem5 7#a ,k+s iv1 #bf74 #ag ,h[ mu* gold did !y br+ ,solomon f ,ophir8 ,& !y came to ,ophir1 & fet*$ f !nce gold1 f\r hundr$ & tw5ty tal5ts1 & br\ght x to ,k+ ,solomon 7#a ,k+s ix1 #bh74 ,& !y w5t ) ! s]vants ( ,solomon to ,ophir1 & took !nce f\r hundr$ & fifty tal5ts ( gold1 & br\ght !m to ,k+ ,solomon 7#b ,*ron4 viii1 #ah74 #ah ,:o 0 ! fir/ to die1 ,j]oboam or ,abijah8 ,nei!r did ,j]oboam recov] /r5g? aga9 9 ! days ( ,abijah3 & ! ,"l /ruck him1 & he di$4 ,b ,abijah wax$ mighty 7#b ,*ron4 xiii1 #bj1 #ba74 ,& ! days :i* ,j]oboam reign$ 7 two & tw5ty ye>s 7#a ,k+s xiv1 #bj74 ,& ,abijam ,abijah slept ) 8 fa!rs2 & !y buri$ him 9 ! city ( ,david3 & ,asa 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead4 ,& 9 ! tw5tie? ye> ( ,j]oboam k+ ( ,israel reign$ ,asa ov] ,judah 7#a ,k+s xv1 #h1 #i74 ,in/ead ( ,abijah wax+ mighty aft] ,j]oboam's dea?1 ,j]oboam reign$ two ye>s aft] ,abijah's dea?4 #ai ,:o 0 ! "m ( ,abijah8 ,he ,rehoboam took ,maa*ah ! daught] ( ,absalom2 :i* b>e him ,abijah 7#b ,*ron4 xi1 #bj74 ,8 ,abijah's "m's "n also 0 ,mi*aiah ! daught] ( ,uriel ( ,gibeah 7#b ,*ron4 xiii1 #b74 #bj ,0 ,asa ! son or ! gr&son ( ,maa*ah8 ,=ty & "o ye>s reign$ he ,asa 9 ,j]usalem4 ,& 8 "m's "n 0 ,maa*ah1 ! daught] ( ,abi%alom 7#a ,k+s xv1 #aj74 ,?ree ye>s reign$ he ,abijam 9 ,j]usalem4 ,& 8 "m's "n 0 ,maa*ah ! daught] ( ,abi%alom4444 ,& ,asa 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xv1 #b1 #h74 #ba ,h[ long did ,omri reign8 ,9 ! ?irty & fir/ ye> ( ,asa k+ ( ,judah began ,omri to reign ov] ,israel twelve ye>s4444 ,s ,omri slept ) 8 fa!rs1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,sam>ia3 & ,ahab 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead4 ,& 9 ! ?irty & eigh? ye> ( ,asa k+ ( ,judah began ,ahab ! son ( ,omri to reign 7#a ,k+s xvi1 #bc1 #bh1 #bi74 ,f ! ?irty-fir/ to ! ?irty-eigh? ye> ( ,asa's reign ,omri is said to h reign$ twelve ye>s4 #bb ,:5 did ,baa%a die8 ,baa%a slept ) 8 fa!rs1 & 0 buri$ 9 ,tirzah3 & ,elah 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead4444 ,9 ! tw5ty & six? ye> ( ,asa k+ ( ,judah began ,elah ! son ( ,baa%a to reign 7#a ,k+s xvi1 #f1 #h74 ,9 ! six & ?irtie? ye> ( ! reign ( ,asa1 ,baa%a k+ ( ,israel came up aga9/ ,judah 7#b ,*ron4 xvi1 #a74 #bc ,:5 did ,jehoram k+ ( ,israel & ,jehoram k+ ( ,judah beg9 to reign8 ,& ,jehoram ( ,israel reign$ 9 8 /ead 9 ! second ye> ( ,jehoram ! son ( ,jeho%aphat k+ ( ,judah 7#b ,k+s i1 #ag74 ,& 9 ! fif? ye> ( ,joram ,jehoram ( ,israel4444 ,jehoram ! son ( ,jeho%aphat k+ ( ,judah began to reign 7#b ,k+s viii1 #af74 ,accord+ to ! fir/ acc\nt1 ,jehoram ( ,israel began to reign 9 ! second ye> ( ,jehoram ( ,judah2 accord+ to ! second1 ,jehoram ( ,judah began to reign 9 ! fif? ye> ( ,jehoram ( ,israel4 #bd ,:5 did ,ahaziah beg9 to reign8 ,9 ! elev5? ye> ( ,joram ! son ( ,ahab began ,ahaziah to reign ov] ,judah 7#b ,k+s ix1 #bi74 ,9 ! twelf? ye> ( ,joram ! son ( ,ahab k+ ( ,israel did ,ahaziah ! son ( ,jehoram k+ ( ,judah beg9 to reign 7#b ,k+s viii1 #be74 #be ,h[ old 0 ,ahaziah :5 he began to reign8 ,two & tw5ty ye>s old 0 ,ahaziah :5 he began to reign2 & he reign$ "o ye> 9 ,j]usalem 7#b ,k+s viii1 #bf74 ,=ty & two ye>s old 0 ,ahaziah :5 he began to reign2 & he reign$ "o ye> 9 ,j]usalem 7#b ,*ron4 xxii1 #b74 #bf ,h[ long did ,jo?am reign8 ,9 ! second ye> ( ,pekah 444 began ,jo?am ! son ( ,uzziah k+ ( ,judah to reign4 ,five & tw5ty ye>s old 0 he :5 he began to reign1 & he reign$ sixte5 ye>s 9 ,j]usalem 7#b ,k+s xv1 #cb1 #cc74 ,& ,ho%ea 444 slew him ,pekah & reign$ 9 8 /ead1 9 ! tw5tie? ye> ( ,jo?am ! son ( ,uzziab 7#b ,k+s xv1 #cj74 #bg ,:o 0 ,josiah's successor8 ,!n ! p ( ! l& took ,jehoahaz ! son ( ,josiah1 & made him k+ 9 8 fa!r's /ead 7#b ,*ron4 xxxvi1 #a74 ,= ?us sai? ! ,"l t\*+ ,%allum ! son ( ,josiah k+ ( ,judah :i* reign$ in/ead ( ,josiah 8 fa!r 7,j]4 xxli1 #aa74 #bh ,h[ old 0 ,jehoia*9 :5 he began to reign8 ,jehoia*9 0 eight ye>s old :5 he began to reign 7#b ,*ron4 xxxvi1 #i74 ,jehoia*9 0 eighte5 ye>s old :5 he began to reign 7#b ,k+s xxiv1 #h74 #bi ,:5 did ,evil-,m]oda* release ,jehoia*9 f prison8 ,9 ! twelf? mon?1 on ! sev5 & tw5tie? day ( ! mon? 7#b ,k+s xxv1 #bg74 ,9 ! twelf? mon?1 9 ! five & tw5tie? day ( ! mon? 7,j]4 lii1 #ca74 #cj ,:at relation did ,z$ekiah1 ! la/ ( ! ,jewi% k+s1 be> to ,jehoia*91 8 pr$ecessor8 #a4 ,he 0 8 son4 ,je*oniah ,jehoia*9 8 son1 ,z$ekiah 8 son 7#a ,*ron4 iii1 #af74 #b4 ,he 0 8 bro!r4 ,nebu*adnezz> s5t & br\ght him ,jehoia*9 to ,babylon1 444 & made ,z$ekiah 8 bro!r k+ ( ,judah 7#b ,*ron4 xxxvi1 #aj74 #c4 ,he 0 8 uncle4 ,! k+ ( ,babylon made ,mattaniah 8 ,jehoia*9's fa!r's bro!r k+ 9 8 /ead & *ang$ 8 "n to ,z$ekiah 7#b ,k+s xxiv1 #ag74 ,t ,z$ekiah1 :o 9 #a ,*ron4 iii1 #af1 is call$ '8 son1' is ! same z ,z$ekiah 8 uncle 7call$ '8 bro!r1' #b ,*ron4 xxxvi1 #aj71 :o 0 8 ,jehoia*9's successor on ! ?rone seems c]ta9 7,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y1 ,art4 ,jehoia*974 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,:5 ,,did ,,jeho%aphat ,,die8 ,at ! end ( ,solomon's reign ! ,jewi% nation 0 divid$ into two k+doms4 ,two tribes ackn[l$g$ ! au?ority ( ,solomon's successor1 ,rehoboam4 ,?is 0 call$ ! k+dom ( ,judah1 ( :i* ,j]usalem 0 ! capital4 ,t5 tribes revolt$ & made ,j]oboam k+4 ,?is =m$ ! k+dom ( ,israel1 ( :i* ,sam>ia 0 ! capital4 ,! foll[+ is a brief summ>y ( ! reigns ( ! k+s ( ! two k+doms f ! p>tition ( ! empire to ! conque/ ( ,israel by ! ,assyrians3 ,k+dom ( ,judah4 ,& ,rehoboam ! son ( ,solomon reign$ 9 ,judah 444 & he reign$ sev5te5 ye>s 7#a ,k+s xiv1 #ba74 ,& ,rehoboam slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,abijam 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xiv1 #ca74 ,?ree ye>s reign$ he 7xv1 #b74 ,& ,abijam slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,asa 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xv1 #h74 ,=ty & "o ye>s reign$ he 7#aj74 ,& ,asa slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,jeho%aphat 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xv1 #bd74 ,& he reign$ tw5ty & five ye>s 9 ,j]usalem 7xxii1 #db74 ,& ,jeho%aphat slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,jehoram 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xxii1 #ej74 ,& he reign$ eight ye>s 7#b ,k+s viii1 #ag74 ,& ,joram ,jehoram slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,ahaziah reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s viii1 #bd74 ,& he reign$ "o ye> 7#bf74 ,& he ,ahaziah fl$ to ,megiddo & di$ !re 7#b ,k+s xi1 #ag74 ,& :5 ,a?aliah ! "m ( ,ahaziah saw t h] son 0 dead %e arose & de/roy$ all ! se$ royal4 ,b ,jeho%eba took ,joa% ! son ( ,ahaziah 444 & he 0 ) h] 8 nurse hid 9 ! h\se ( ! ,"l six ye>s4 ,& ,a?aliah did reign ov] ! l& 7xi1 #a-c74 ,!y slew ,a?aliah 7#b ,k+s xi1 #bj74 ,& !y br\ght d[n ! k+ ,joa% f ! h\se ( ! ,"l4444 ,& he sat on ! ?rone ( ! k+s 7#ai74 ,=ty ye>s reign$ he 9 ,j]usalem 7xii1 #a74 ,8 s]vants smote him ,joa% & he di$1 444 & ,amaziah 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xii1 #ba7--;& reign$ tw5ty & n9e ye>s 7xiv1 #b74 ,!y made a conspiracy aga9/ him ,amaziah 444 & slew him 7#b ,k+s xiv1 #ai74 ,& all ! p ( ,judah took ,az>iah 444 & made him k+ in/ead ( 8 fa!r1 ,amaziah 7#ba74 ,& he reign$ two & fifty ye>s 7xv1 #b74 ,s ,az>iah slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,jo?am 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xv1 #g74 ,& he reign$ sixte5 ye>s 7#cc74 ,& ,jo?am slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,ahaz 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xv1 #ch7--;& reign$ sixte5 ye>s 7xvi1 #b74 ,& ,ahaz slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,hezekiah 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xvi1 #aj7 ,9 ! six? ye> ( ,hezekiah 444 ,sam>ia 0 tak5 7xviii1 #aj74 ,f ! division ( ! empire1 !n1 to ! conque/ ( ,israel by ! ,assyrians1 ! reigns ( ,judah's k+s 7 z foll[s3 ,rehoboam1 sev5te5 ye>s1 ,abijam1 ?ree ye>s1 ,asa1 =ty-"o ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat1 tw5ty-five ye>s1 ,joram1 eight ye>s1 ,ahaziah1 "o ye>s1 ,a?aliah1 six ye>s1 ,joa%1 =ty ye>s1 ,amaziah1 tw5ty-n9e ye>s1 ,az>iah1 fifty-two ye>s1 ,jo?am1 sixte5 ye>s1 ,ahaz1 sixte5 ye>s1 ,hezekiah1 six ye>s4 ,k+dom ( ,israel4 ,!y 444 made him ,j]oboam k+ ov] all ,israel 7#a ,k+s xii1 #bj74 ,& ! days :i* ,j]oboam reign$ 7 two & tw5ty ye>s 7xiv1 #bj74 ,& he ,j]oboam slept ) 8 fa!rs & ,nadab 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xiv1 #bj7--;& reign$ ov] ,israel two ye>s 7xv1 #be74 ,& ,baa%a smote him ,nadab 444 & reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xv1 #bg1 #bh7--tw5ty & f\r ye>s 7#cc74 ,s ,baa%a slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,elah 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xvi1 #f7--two ye>s 7#h74 ,zimri w5t 9 & smote him1 & kill$ him ,elah 444 & reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xvi1 #aj7--sev5 days 7#ae74 ,:]e=e all ,israel made ,omri 444 k+ ov] ,israel 7#a ,k+s xvi1 #af7--to reign ov] ,israel twelve ye>s 7#bc74 ,s ,omri slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,ahab 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xvi1 #bh7--tw5ty & two ye>s 7#bi74 ,s ,ahab slept ) 8 fa!rs & ,ahaziah 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#a ,k+s xxii1 #dj7--;& reign$ two ye>s ov] ,israel 7#ea74 ,s he ,ahaziah di$ 444 & ,jehoram 8 bro!r reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s i1 #ag7--;& reign$ twelve ye>s 7iii1 #a74 ,i h ano9t$ !e ,jehu k+ 444 ov] ,israel 7#b ,k+s ix1 #f74 ,& ,jehu 444 smote ,jehoram 7#bd74 ,& ! "t t ,jehu reign$ ov] ,israel 9 ,sam>ia 0 tw5ty & eight ye>s 7x1 #cf74 ,& ,jehu slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,jehoahaz 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s x1 #ce7--;& reign$ sev5te5 ye>s 7xiii1 #a74 ,& ,jehoahaz slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,joa% 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xiii1 #i7--;& reign$ sixte5 ye>s 7#aj74 ,& ,joa% slept ) 8 fa!rs & ,j]oboam sat ^u 8 ?rone 7#b ,k+s xiii1 #ac7--;& reign$ =ty & "o ye>s 7xiv1 #bc74 ,& ,j]oboam slept ) 8 fa!rs 444 & ,za*>iah 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xiv1 #bi7--six mon?s 7xv1 #h74 ,& ,%allum 444 slew him ,za*>iah & reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xv1 #aj7--;a full mon? 7#ac74 ,m5ahem 444 slew him ,%allum & reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xv1 #ad7--;& reign$ t5 ye>s 7#bg74 ,& ,m5ahem slept ) 8 fa!rs & ,pekahiah 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xv1 #bb7--;& reign$ two ye>s 7#bc74 ,pekah 444 kill$ him ,pekahiah & reign$ 9 8 room 7#b ,k+s xv1 #be7--;& reign$ tw5ty ye>s 7#g74 ,& ,ho%ea 444 slew him ,pekah & reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xv1 #cj7--n9e ye>s 7xvii1 #a74 ,9 ! n9? ye> ( ,ho%ea ! k+ ( ,assyria took ,sam>ia1 & c>ri$ ,israel away into ,assyria 7#f74 ,f ! division ( ! empire to ! conque/ ( ,israel ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s1 omitt+ ,zimri's brief reign ( sev5 days & call+ ! comb9$ reigns ( ,za*>iah & ,%allum "o ye>1 z comput$ by *ronologi/s1 7 z foll[s3 ,j]oboam1 tw5ty-two ye>s1 ,nadab1 two ye>s1 ,baa%a1 tw5ty-f\r ye>s1 ,elah1 two ye>s1 ,omri1 twelve ye>s1 ,ahab1 tw5ty-two ye>s1 ,ahaziah1 two ye>s1 ,jehoram1 twelve ye>s1 ,jehu1 tw5ty-eight ye>s1 ,jehoahaz1 sev5te5 ye>s1 ,joa%1 sixte5 ye>s1 ,j]oboam ,,ii41 =ty-"o ye>s1 ,za*>iah & ,%allum1 "o ye>s1 ,m5ahem1 t5 ye>s1 ,pekahiah1 two ye>s1 ,pekah1 tw5ty ye>s1 ,ho%ea1 n9e ye>s4 ,! =ego+ epitome ( ,jewi% hi/ory1 glean$ f #a & #b ,k+s1 is pres5t$ 9 ord] t ! read] may ! m readily und]/& ! foll[+ solutions 7bas$ ^u /atem5ts t appe> 9 ^! books7 to ! "q t =ms ! topic ( ?is *apt]--,:5 did ,jeho%aphat die8 ,jeho%aphat is repres5t$ z "o ( ,judah's be/ & greate/ k+s4 ,he did t :i* 0 "r 9 ! eyes ( ! ,"l4 ,! ,"l 0 ) ,jeho%aphat4 ,& ,jeho%aphat wax$ great4 ,& he _h ri*es & honor 9 abundance4 ,he di$ at ! age ( sixty1 aft] a reign ( tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,ahaziah1 k+ ( ,israel1 is repres5t$ z a v wick$ k+4 ,he did evil 9 ! sight ( ! ,"l4 ,= he s]v$ ,baal1 & wor%ip$ him1 & provok$ to ang] ! ,"l4 ,elijah prophesi$ 8 e>ly dea?1 :i* came aft] a brief reign ( two ye>s4 ,! la/ *apt] ( ! fir/ book ( ,k+s *ronicles ! reign & dea? ( ,judah's k+1 ,jeho%aphat2 ! fir/ *apt] ( ! second book ( ,k+s records ! reign & dea? ( ,israel's k+1 ,ahaziah4 ,n[ :5 did ,jeho%aphat die8 ,did he die be=e or aft] ,ahaziah di$8 #a4 ,& 9 ! tw5tie? ye> ( ,j]oboam k+ ( ,israel reign$ ,asa ov] ,judah 7#a ,k+s xv1 #i74 ,z ,j]oboam reign$ tw5ty-two ye>s1 he reign$ two ye>s aft] ,asa became k+4 ,f ! comm5cem5t ( ,asa's reign1 !n1 to ! dea? ( ,ahaziah1 ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s 7 z foll[s3 ,j]oboam #b ye>s1 ,nadab #b ye>s1 ,baa%a #bd ye>s1 ,elah #b ye>s1 ,omri #ab ye>s1 ,ahab #bb ye>s1 & ,ahaziah #b ye>s4 #b ye>s #b ye>s #bd ye>s #b ye>s #ab ye>s #bb ye>s #b ye>s #ff ye>s4 ,z ,asa reign$ =ty-"o ye>s & ,jeho%aphat reign$ tw5ty-five ye>s1 f ! comm5cem5t ( ,asa's reign to ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat 0 #da ye>s #be ye>s #ff ye>s4 ,if f ! comm5cem5t ( ,asa's reign to ! dea? ( ,ahaziah 0 sixty-six ye>s1 & f ! comm5cem5t ( ,asa's reign to ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat 0 sixty-six ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ 9 ! same ye> t ,ahaziah di$4 #b4 ,n[ 9 ! eighte5? ye> ( ,k+ ,j]oboam ! son ( ,nebat reign$ ,abijam ov] ,judah 7#a ,k+s xv1 #a74 ,z ,j]oboam reign$ #bb ye>s1 he reign$ f\r ye>s aft] ! beg9n+ ( ,abijam's reign4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ,abijam's reign1 !n1 to ! dea? ( ,ahaziah1 ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s 73 ,j]oboam #d ye>s1 ,nadab #b ye>s1 ,baa%a #bd ye>s1 ,elah #b ye>s1 ,omri #ab ye>s ,ahab #bb ye>s1 & ,ahaziah #b ye>s4 #d ye>s #b ye>s #bd ye>s #b ye>s #ab ye>s #bb ye>s #b ye>s #fh ye>s4 ,f ! beg9n+ ( ,abijam's reign to ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat ! reigns ( ,judah's k+s 73 ,abijam #c ye>s1 ,asa #da ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat #be ye>s4 #c ye>s #da ye>s #be ye>s #fi ye>s4 ,if f ! beg9n+ ( ,abijam's reign to ! dea? ( ,ahaziah 0 sixty-eight ye>s1 & f ! beg9n+ ( ,abijam's reign to ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat 0 sixty-n9e ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ "o ye> aft] ,ahaziah di$4 #c4 ,9 ! ?irty & fir/ ye> ( ,asa k+ ( ,judah began ,omri to reign ov] ,israel 7#a ,k+s xvi1 #bc74 ,f ! accession ( ,omri to ! dea? ( ,ahaziah ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s 73 ,omri #ab ye>s1 ,ahab #bb ye>s1 & ,ahaziah #b ye>s4 #ab ye>s #bb ye>s #b ye>s #cf ye>s4 ,z ,omri became k+ 9 ! ?irty-fir/ ye> ( ,asa's reign1 ,asa reign$ t5 ye>s aft] ,omri became k+1 & ?is add$ to ,jeho%aphat's reign ( tw5ty-five ye>s makes ?irty-five ye>s f ,omri to ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat4 ,if f ! accession ( ,omri to ! dea? ( ,ahaziah 0 ?irty-six ye>s1 & f ! accession ( ,omri to ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat 0 ?irty-five ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ "o ye> be=e ,ahaziah di$4 #d4 ,9 ! ?ree & tw5tie? ye> ( ,joa% ! son ( ,ahaziah k+ ( ,judah1 ,jehoahaz ! son ( ,jehu began to reign ov] ,israel 7#b ,k+s xiii1 #a74 ,f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah k+ ( ,israel to ! accession ( ,jehoahaz1 ,jehoram reign$ #ab ye>s1 & ,jehu #bh ye>s1 a total ( #dj ye>s4 ,f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,jehoahaz1 ,judah's sov]eigns reign$--,joram #h ye>s1 ,ahaziah #a ye>1 ,a?aliah #f ye>s1 ,joa% #bc ye>s4 #h ye>s #a ye> #f ye>s #bc ye>s #ch ye>s4 ,if f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,jehoahaz 0 =ty ye>s1 & f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,jehoahaz 0 ?irty-eight ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ two ye>s aft] ,ahaziah di$4 #e4 ,& ,jehoram ( ,israel reign$ 9 8 ,ahaziah's /ead1 9 ! second ye> ( ,jehoram ! son ( ,jeho%aphat 7#b ,k+s i1 #ag74 ,if ,ahaziah di$ & ,jehoram ( ,israel became k+ 9 ! second ye> ( ,jehoram ( ,judah1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ two ye>s be=e ,ahaziah di$4 #f4 ,& ,joram ,jehoram k+ ( ,israel & ,ahaziah k+ ( ,judah w5t out1 ea* 9 8 *>iot 444 aga9/ ,jehu 7#b ,k+s ix1 #ba71 ,& ,jehu drew a b[ ) 8 full /r5g?1 & smote ,jehoram betwe5 8 arms1 & ! arr[ w5t out at 8 he>t 7#bd74 ,b :5 ,ahaziah ! k+ ( ,judah saw ?is he fl$ by way ( ! g>d5 h\se4 ,& ,jehu foll[$ aft] him1 & said1 ,smite him also 9 ! *>iot4 ,& !y did s 7#bg74 ,jehoram1 k+ ( ,israel1 & ,ahaziah1 k+ ( ,judah1 7 ?us sla9 at ! same "t4 ,jehu succe$$ ,jehoram2 ,a?aliah succe$$ ,ahaziah1 reign$ six ye>s1 & 0 9 turn succe$$ by ,joa%4 ,jehu _h ?us reign$ six ye>s ov] ,israel :5 ,joa% became k+ ( ,judah4 ,z ,jehoram reign$ twelve ye>s1 f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah ( ,israel to ! accession ( ,joa% !n1 0 eighte5 ye>s4 ,f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,joa%1 ,judah's sov]eigns reign$ z foll[s3 ,joram #h ye>s1 ,ahaziah #a ye>1 ,a?aliah #f ye>s--a total ( fifte5 ye>s4 ,if f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! reign ( ,joa% 0 eighte5 ye>s1 & f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! reign ( ,joa% 0 fifte5 ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ ?ree ye>s aft] ,ahaziah di$4 #g4 ,9 ! second ye> ( ,joa% son ( ,jehoahaz k+ ( ,israel reign$ ,amaziah ! son ( ,joa% k+ ( ,judah 7#b ,k+s xiv1 #a74 ,f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,amaziah ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s 73 ,jehoram #ab ye>s1 ,jehu #bh ye>s1 ,jehoahaz #ag ye>s1 ,joa% #b ye>s4 #ab ye>s #bh ye>s #ag ye>s #b ye>s #ei ye>s4 ,f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,amaziah1 ,judah's k+s reign$--,joram #h ye>s1 ,ahaziah #a ye>1 ,a?aliah #f ye>s1 ,joa% #dj ye>s4 #h ye>s #a ye> #f ye>s #dj ye>s #ee ye>s4 ,if f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,amaziah 0 fifty-n9e ye>s1 & f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,amaziah 0 fifty-five ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ f\r ye>s aft] ,ahaziah di$4 #h4 ,& ,jeho%aphat ! son ( ,asa began to reign ov] ,judah 9 ! f\r? ye> ( ,ahab k+ ( ,israel 7#a ,k+s xxii1 #da74 ,if ,ahab reign$ tw5ty-two ye>s & ,jeho%aphat began to reign 9 ! f\r? ye> ( ,ahab's reign1 ,jeho%aphat _h reign$ eighte5 ye>s :5 ,ahab di$1 & tw5ty ye>s :5 ,ahaziah di$4 ,z ,jeho%aphat reign$ tw5ty-five ye>s1 he !re=e di$ five ye>s aft] ,ahaziah di$4 #i4 ,ahaziah ! son ( ,ahab began to reign ov] ,israel 9 ,sam>ia ! sev5te5? ye> ( ,jeho%aphat k+ ( ,judah1 & reign$ two ye>s ov] ,israel 7#a ,k+s1 xxii1 #ea74 ,if ,ahaziah began to reign 9 ! sev5te5? ye> ( ,jeho%aphat & reign$ two ye>s be=e he di$1 he di$ 9 ! n9ete5? ye> ( ,jeho%aphat's reign4 ,z ,jeho%aphat reign$ tw5ty-five ye>s1 he !re=e di$ six ye>s aft] ,ahaziah di$4 #aj4 ,n[ ,jehoram ! son ( ,ahab began to reign ov] ,israel 9 ,sam>ia 9 ! eighte5? ye> ( ,jeho%aphat k+ ( ,judah 7#b ,k+s iii1 #a74 ,if ,ahaziah di$ & ,jehoram became k+ 9 ! eighte5? ye> ( ,jeho%aphat's reign1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ sev5 ye>s aft] ,ahaziah di$4 #aa4 ,9 ! second ye> ( ,pekah ! son ( ,remaliah k+ ( ,israel began ,jo?am ! son ( ,uzziah ,az>iah k+ ( ,judah to reign 7#b ,k+s xv1 #cb74 ,f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! beg9n+ ( ,jo?am's reign ! foll[+ 7 ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s3 ,jehoram #ab ye>s1 ,jehu #bh ye>s1 ,jehoahaz #ag ye>s1 ,joa% #af ye>s1 ,j]oboam #da ye>s1 ,za*>iah & ,%allum #a ye>1 ,m5ahem #aj ye>s1 ,pekahiah #b ye>s1 ,pekah #b ye>s4 #ab ye>s #bh ye>s #ag ye>s #af ye>s #da ye>s #a ye> #aj ye>s #b ye>s #b ye>s #abi ye>s4 ,f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! beg9n+ ( ,jo?am's reign ! foll[+ 7 ! reigns ( ,judah's k+s3 ,joram #h ye>s1 ,ahaziah #a ye>1 ,a?aliah #f ye>s1 ,joa% #dj ye>s1 ,amaziah #bi ye>s1 ,az>iah #eb ye>s4 #h ye>s #a ye> #f ye>s #dj ye>s #bi ye>s #eb ye>s #acf ye>s4 ,if f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! beg9n+ ( ,jo?am's reign 0 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-n9e ye>s1 & f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! beg9n+ ( ,jo?am's reign 0 "o hundr$ & ?irty-six ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ sev5 ye>s be=e ,ahaziah di$4 #ab4 ,9 ! ?irty & eigh? ye> ( ,az>iah k+ ( ,judah did ,za*>iah ! son ( ,j]oboam reign ov] ,israel 7#b ,k+s xv1 #h74 ,f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,za*>iah ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s 73 ,jehoram #ab ye>s1 ,jehu #bh ye>s1 ,jehoahaz #ag ye>s1 ,joa% #af ye>s1 ,j]oboam #da ye>s4 #ab ye>s #bh ye>s #ag ye>s #af ye>s #da ye>s #aad ye>s4 ,f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,za*>iah ! reigns ( ,judah's k+s 73 ,joram #h ye>s1 ,ahaziah #a ye>1 ,a?aliah #f ye>s1 ,joa% #dj ye>s1 ,amaziah #bi ye>s1 ,az>iah #ch ye>s4 #h ye>s #a ye> #f ye>s #dj ye>s #bi ye>s #ch ye>s #abb ye>s4 ,if f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,za*>iah 0 "o hundr$ & f\rte5 ye>s1 & f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,za*>iah 0 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-two ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ eight ye>s be=e ,ahaziah di$4 #ac4 ,9 ! fiftie? ye> ( ,az>iah k+ ( ,judah1 ,pekahiah ! son ( ,m5ahem began to reign ov] ,israel 7#b ,k+s xv1 #bc74 ,f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,pekahiah1 ,israel's k+s reign$ z foll[s3 ,jehoram #ab ye>s1 ,jehu #bh ye>s1 ,jehoahaz #ag ye>s1 ,joa% #af ye>s1 ,j]oboam #da ye>s1 ,za*>iah & ,%allum #a ye>1 ,m5ahem #aj ye>s4 #ab ye>s #bh ye>s #ag ye>s #af ye>s #da ye>s #a ye> #aj ye>s #abe ye>s4 ,f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,pekahiah1 ,judah's k+s reign$ z foll[s3 ,joram #h ye>s1 ,ahaziah #a ye>1 ,a?aliah #f ye>s1 ,joa% #dj ye>s1 ,amaziah #bi ye>s1 ,az>iah #ej ye>s4 #h ye>s #a ye> #f ye>s #dj ye>s #bi ye>s #ej ye>s #acd ye>s4 ,if f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,pekahiah 0 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five ye>s1 & f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,pekahiah 0 "o hundr$ & ?irty-f\r ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ n9e ye>s be=e ,ahaziah di$4 #ad4 ,9 ! twelf? ye> ( ,ahaz k+ ( ,judah began ,ho%ea ! son ( ,elah to reign 9 ,sam>ia ov] ,israel 7#b ,k+s xvii1 #a74 ,f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,ho%ea ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s 73 ,jehoram #ab ye>s1 ,jehu #bh ye>s1 ,jehoahaz #ag ye>s1 ,joa% #af ye>s1 ,j]oboam #da ye>s1 ,za*>iah & ,%allum #a ye>1 ,m5ahem #aj ye>s1 ,pekahiah #b ye>s1 ,pekah #bj ye>s4 #ab ye>s #bh ye>s #ag ye>s #af ye>s #da ye>s #a ye> #aj ye>s #b ye>s #bj ye>s #adg ye>s4 ,f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,ho%ea ! reigns ( ,judah's k+s 73 ,joram #h ye>s1 ,ahaziah #a ye>1 ,a?aliah #f ye>s1 ,joa% #dj ye>s1 ,amaziah #bi ye>s1 ,az>iah #eb ye>s1 ,jo?am #af ye>s1 ,ahaz #ab ye>s4 #h ye>s #a ye> #f ye>s #dj ye>s #bi ye>s #eb ye>s #af ye>s #ab ye>s #afd ye>s4 ,if f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,ho%ea 0 "o hundr$ & =ty-sev5 ye>s1 & f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,ho%ea 0 "o hundr$ & sixty-f\r ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ sev5te5 ye>s be=e ,ahaziah di$4 #ae4 ,& x came to pass 9 ! f\r? ye> ( ,k+ ,hezekiah1 :i* 0 ! sev5? ye> ( ,ho%ea son ( ,elah k+ ( ,israel1 t ,%almanes] k+ ( ,assyria came up aga9/ ,sam>ia & besieg$ x 7#b ,k+s xviii1 #i74 ,f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! comm5cem5t ( ! siege ( ,sam>ia ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s 73 ,jehoram #ab ye>s1 ,jehu #bh ye>s1 ,jehoahaz #ag ye>s1 ,joa% #af ye>s1 ,j]oboam #da ye>s1 ,za*>iah & ,%allum #a ye>1 ,m5ahem #aj ye>s1 ,pekahiah #b ye>s1 ,pekah #bj ye>s1 ,ho%ea #g ye>s4 #ab ye>s #bh ye>s #ag ye>s #af ye>s #da ye>s #a ye> #aj ye>s #b ye>s #bj ye>s #g ye>s #aed ye>s4 ,f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! siege ( ,sam>ia ! reigns ( ,judah's k+s 73 ,joram #h ye>s1 ,ahaziah #a ye>1 ,a?aliah #f ye>s1 ,joa% #dj ye>s1 ,amaziah #bi ye>s1 ,az>iah #eb ye>s1 ,jo?am #af ye>s1 ,ahaz #af ye>s1 ,hezekiah #d ye>s4 #h ye>s #a ye> #f ye>s #dj ye>s #bi ye>s #eb ye>s #af ye>s #af ye>s #d ye>s #agb ye>s4 ,if f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! siege ( ,sam>ia 0 "o hundr$ & fifty-f\r ye>s1 & f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! siege ( ,sam>ia 0 "o hundr$ & sev5ty-two ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ eighte5 ye>s be=e ,ahaziah di$4 #af4 ,9 ! tw5ty & sev5? ye> ( ,j]oboam k+ ( ,israel began ,az>iah son ( ,amaziah k+ ( ,judah to reign 7#b ,k+s xv1 #a74 ,f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,az>iah ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s 73 ,jehoram #ab ye>s1 ,jehu #bh ye>s1 ,jehoahaz #ag ye>s1 ,joa% #af ye>s1 ,j]oboam #bg ye>s4 #ab ye>s #bh ye>s #ag ye>s #af ye>s #bg ye>s #ajj ye>s4 ,f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,az>iah ! reigns ( ,judah's k+s 73 ,joram #h ye>s1 ,ahaziah #a ye>1 ,a?aliah #f ye>s1 ,joa% #dj ye>s1 ,amaziah #bi ye>s4 #h ye>s #a ye> #f ye>s #dj ye>s #bi ye>s #hd ye>s4 ,if f ! dea? ( ,ahaziah to ! accession ( ,az>iah 0 "o hundr$ ye>s1 & f ! dea? ( ,jeho%aphat to ! accession ( ,az>iah 0 eighty-f\r ye>s1 ,jeho%aphat !re=e di$ sixte5 ye>s aft] ,ahaziah di$4 ,recapitulation4 ,:5 did ,jeho%aphat's dea? occur8 ,did x occur be=e or aft] ,ahaziah's dea? occurr$8 ,! foll[+ is a recapitulation ( ! v>i\s answ]s to ?is "q :i* ! prec$+ solutions h disclos$3 #a4 ,! same ye>4 #b4 ,"o ye> aft]4 #c4 ,"o ye> be=e4 #d4 ,two ye>s aft]4 #e4 ,two ye>s be=e4 #f4 ,?ree ye>s aft]4 #g4 ,f\r ye>s aft]4 #h4 ,five ye>s aft]4 #i4 ,six ye>s aft]4 #aj4 ,sev5 ye>s aft]4 #aa4 ,sev5 ye>s be=e4 #ab4 ,eight ye>s be=e4 #ac4 ,n9e ye>s be=e4 #ad4 ,sev5te5 ye>s be=e4 #ae4 ,eighte5 ye>s be=e4 #af4 ,sixte5 ye>s aft]4 ,"h are sixte5 diff]5t answ]s to a simple hi/orical "q4 ,b "o ( !m c possibly be correct2 fifte5 ( !m mu/ necess>ily be incorrect4 ,& yet ,i *all5ge ! !ologian to demon/rate ! incorrectness ( "o ( !m )\t at ! same "t demon/rat+ ! fallibility ( ! ,bible & its unreliability z a hi/orical record4 ,notes & ,explanations4 ,! hi/ory ( ,judah's & ( ,israel's sov]eigns is record$ 9 ,k+s & repeat$ 9 ,*ronicles4 ,_h ,i us$ bo? ,k+s & ,*ronicles 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is *apt]1 ! numb] ( v>i\s answ]s w\ld h be5 increas$4 ,"s ,*ri/ian s*ol>s1 h[ev]1 admit t ,*ronicles is n entirely free f errors1 :ile ,k+s1 on ! o!r h&1 is d5om9at$ a m>vel ( accuracy4 ,to avoid any objections t might be rais$ 7 ,*ronicles us$--to assail only t :i* is deem$ unassailable--,i h conf9$ myself to ,k+s4 ,to prev5t confusion 9 reg>d to names1 ! read] %\ld rememb] t ,israel _h two k+s nam$ ,j]oboam1 & t ,israel & ,judah ea* _h k+s nam$ ,ahaziah1 ,jehoram1 & ,jehoa%4 ,9 ,israel ,jehoram succe$$ ,ahaziah2 9 ,judah1 ,ahaziah succe$$ ,jehoram4 ,! contract$ =m ( ,jehoram is ,joram1 & ( ,jehoa%1 ,joa%4 ,bo? =ms are us$4 ,az>iah is also call$ ,uzziah4 ,9 comput+ "t1 ord9al numb]s are reckon$ ! same z c>d9al numb]s4 ,x may be urg$ t ! phrase1 9 ! eighte5? ye>1 does n d5ote ! full p]iod ( eighte5 complet$ ye>s4 ,9 ju/ification ( ! me?od pursu$1 ,i may say t x is n only ! me?od g5]ally foll[$ by *ronologi/s1 b x is ! me?od au?oriz$ by ! ,bible4 ,see #b ,k+s xvii1 #a2 #b ,k+s xvii1 #f4 ,also #a ,k+s xv1 #i1 #aj2 #b ,*ron4 xvi1 #ac4 ,its adoption simplifies ! =m )\t increas+ ! numb] ( solutions4 ,to reconcile o!r discrepancies1 "s ,bible *ronologi/s h assum$ an int]regnum ( elev5 ye>s betwe5 ! reigns ( ,j]oboam ,,ii4 & ,za*>iah1 & ano!r ( n9e ye>s betwe5 ,pekah & ,hosea4 ,! language ( ! ,bible utt]ly precludes ^! assumptions4 ,& ,j]oboam slept ) 8 fa!rs1 ev5 ) ! k+s ( ,israel1 & ,za*>iah 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xiv1 #bi74 ,& ,ho%ea ! son ( ,elah made a conspiracy aga9/ ,pekah ! son ( ,remaliah1 & smote him1 & slew him1 & reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xv1 #cj74 ,t ^! int]regnums did n occur1 nor inde$ any int]regnums betwe5 ! reigns ( ,israel's k+s1 is atte/$ by ,josephus1 :o by ,*ri/ians is e/eem$ an au?ority second only to ! writ]s ( ! ,scriptures4 ,! n9? book ( 8 ,antiquities be>s ! foll[+ title3 ,conta9+ ! int]val ( "o hundr$ & fifty-sev5 ye>s f ! dea? ( ,ahab to ! captivity ( ! t5 tribes4 ,?is =bids ! idea ( any int]regnum4 ,b if x c\ld be %[n t ^! or o!r int]regnums really did occur1 ! fact w\ld increase r ?an dim9i% ! difficulties connect$ ) ! solution ( ?is "q4 ,we se>* ! writ+s ( ,bible comm5tators 9 va9 = an explanation or attempt$ reconciliation ( _m ( ! conflict+ /atem5ts to be f\nd 9 ! passages t ,i h quot$4 ,^! exegetes h ei!r be5 ignorant ( _! exi/5ce1 or h purposely ignor$ !m4 ,"s ( ! m noticeable ones !y h attempt$ to reconcile2 b ! explanations (f]$ are ( su* a "* z to make x seem+ly impossible = an hone/ s*ol> to advance !m1 or an intellig5t read] to accept !m4 ,^! pret5d$ reconciliations h be5 abridg$1 &1 9 ! %ape ( m>g9al notes1 transf]r$ to ! popul> editions ( ! ,bible4 ,:]e diff]5t & conflict+ dates are assign$ = ! comm5cem5t ( a k+'s reign1 opposite ! fir/ w be f\nd su* explanatory notes z prorex1 vic]oy1 9 consort1 or 9 p>tn]%ip ) 8 fa!r2 & opposite ! la/1 began to reign alone2 & all ?is )\t a ^w or h9t1 ei!r 9 ! ,bible or else:]e1 to au?orize x4 ,! demon/ration ( a s+le error 9 ! ,bible de/roys ! dogmas ( its div9ity & infallibility4 ,yet not)/&+ ?is s+le error1 or ev5 tw5ty errors1 x might /ill be valuable z a hi/orical record4 ,b :5 x c be demon/rat$ t x ab\nds ) gl>+ contradictions1 t its e *apt] teems ) flagrant errors1 x is utt]ly unwor?y ( cr$it1 & mu/ be reject$ ev5 z a human record ( ev5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,inspir$ ,,numb]s4 ,9 ! second *apt] ( ,ezra is giv5 a regi/] ( ! ,jews :o return$ f ,babylon to ,j]usalem4 ,! regi/] beg9s ) ^! words3 ,n[ ^! are ! *ildr5 ( ! prov9ce t w5t up out ( ! captivity1 ( ^? :i* _h be5 c>ri$ away1 :om ,nebu*adnezz> ! k+ ( ,babylon _h c>ri$ away unto ,babylon1 & came aga9 unto ,j]usalem & ,judah1 e "o unto 8 city4 ,9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ,nehemiah1 beg9n+ ) ! six? v]se1 is a copy ( ! same regi/]4 ,nehemiah says3 ,& ,i f\nd a regi/] ( ! g5ealogy ( !m :i* came up at ! fir/1 & f\nd writt5 !re91 ,^! are ! *ildr5 ( ! prov9ce1 t w5t up out ( ! captivity1 ( ^? t _h be5 c>ri$ away1 :om ,nebu*adnezz> ! k+ ( ,babylon _h c>ri$ away1 & came aga9 to ,j]usalem & to ,judah1 e "o unto 8 city4 ,!n foll[s 9 ea* a li/ ( ! families ) ! numb] ( p]sons belong+ to !m4 ,b 9 transcrib+ ! numb]s1 ei!r ,ezra or ,nehemiah has made _m errors4 ,a c>eful exam9ation reveals no less ?an tw5ty1 z %[n by ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,arah1 sev5 hundr$ & sev5ty-five 7,ez4 ii1 #e74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,arah1 six hundr$ fifty & two 7,neh4 vii1 #aj74 #b4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,paha?-moab1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,je%ua & ,joab1 two ?\s& eight hundr$ & twelve 7,ez4 ii1 #f74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,paha?-moab1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,je%ua & ,joab1 two ?\s& & eight hundr$ & eighte5 7,neh4 vii1 #aa74 #c4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,zattu1 n9e hundr$ =ty & five 7,ez4 ii1 #h74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,zattu1 eight hundr$ =ty & five 7,neh4 vii1 #ac74 #d4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,bani1 six hundr$ =ty & two 7,ez4 ii1 #aj74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,b9nui1 six hundr$ =ty & eight 7,neh4 vii1 #ae74 #e4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,bebai1 six hundr$ tw5ty & ?ree 7,ez4 ii1 #aa74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,bebai1 six hundr$ tw5ty & eight 7,neh4 vii1 #af74 #f4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,azgad1 a ?\s& two hundr$ tw5ty & two 7,ez4 ii1 #ab74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,azgad1 two ?\s& ?ree hundr$ tw5ty & two 7,neh4 vii1 #ag74 #g4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,adonikam1 six hundr$ sixty & six 7,ez4 ii1 #ac74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,adonikam1 six hundr$ ?ree score & sev5 7,neh4 vii1 #ah74 #h4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,bigvai1 two ?\s& fifty & six 7,ez4 ii1 #ad74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,bigvai1 two ?\s& ?ree score & sev5 7,neh4 vii1 #ai74 #i4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,ad91 f\r hundr$ fifty & f\r 7,ez4 ii1 #ae74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,ad91 six hundr$ fifty & five 7,neh4 vii1 #bj74 #aj4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,bezai1 ?ree hundr$ tw5ty & ?ree 7,ez4 ii1 #ag74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,bezai1 ?ree hundr$ tw5ty & f\r 7,neh4 vii1 #bc74 #aa4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,ha%um1 two hundr$ tw5ty & ?ree 7,ez4 ii1 #ai74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,ha%um1 ?ree hundr$ tw5ty & eight 7,neh4 vii1 #bb74 #ab4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,be?-lehem1 a hundr$ tw5ty & ?ree4 ,! m5 ( ,netophah1 fifty & six 7,ez4 ii1 #ba1 #bb74 ,! numb] ( bo? is "o hundr$ & sev5ty-n9e4 ,! m5 ( ,be?-lehem & ,netophah1 a hundr$ f\r score & eight 7,neh4 vii1 #bf74 #ac4 ,! m5 ( ,be?-el & ,ai1 two hundr$ tw5ty & ?ree 7,ez4 ii1 #bh74 ,! m5 ( ,be?-el & ,ai1 a hundr$ tw5ty & ?ree 7,neh4 vii1 #cb74 #ad4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,magbi%1 a hundr$ fifty & six 7,ez4 ii1 #cj74 ,?is family is omitt$ f ,nehemiah's li/4 #ae4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,lod1 ,hadid1 & ,ono1 sev5 hundr$ tw5ty & five 7,ez4 ii1 #cc74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,lod1 ,hadid1 & ,ono1 sev5 hundr$ tw5ty & "o 7,neh4 vii1 #cg74 #af4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,s5aah1 ?ree ?\s& & six hundr$ & ?irty 7,ez4 ii1 #ce74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,s5aah1 ?ree ?\s& n9e hundr$ & ?irty 7,neh4 vii1 #ch74 #ag4 ,! s+]s3 ! *ildr5 ( ,asaph1 a hundr$ tw5ty & eight 7,ez4 ii1 #da74 ,! s+]s3 ! *ildr5 ( ,asaph1 a hundr$ =ty & eight 7,neh4 vii1 #dd74 #ah4 ,! *ildr5 ( ! port]s3 ! *ildr5 ( ,%allum1 ! *ildr5 ( ,at]1 ! *ildr5 ( ,talmon1 ! *ildr5 ( ,akkub1 ! *ildr5 ( ,hatita1 ! *ildr5 ( ,%obai1 9 all a hundr$ ?irty & n9e 7,ez4 ii1 #db74 ,! port]s3 ! *ildr5 ( ,%allum1 ! *ildr5 ( ,at]1 ! *ildr5 ( ,talmon1 ! *ildr5 ( ,akkub1 ! *ildr5 ( ,hatita1 ! *ildr5 ( ,%obai1 a hundr$ ?irty & eight 7,neh4 vii1 #de74 #ai4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,delaiah1 ! *ildr5 ( ,tobiah1 ! *ildr5 ( ,nekoda1 six hundr$ fifty & two 7,ez4 ii1 #fj74 ,! *ildr5 ( ,delaiah1 ! *ildr5 ( ,tobiah1 ! *ildr5 ( ,nekoda1 six hundr$ =ty & two 7,neh4 vii1 #fb74 #bj4 ,& !re 7 among !m two hundr$ s++ m5 & s++ wom5 7,ez4 ii1 #fe74 ,& !y _h two hundr$ =ty & five s++ m5 & s++ wom5 7,neh4 vii1 #fg74 ,! foll[+ is a table ( ! c5sus ( all ! families1 z giv5 by ,ezra & ,nehemiah respectively3 ,,family4 ,,ezra4 ,,nehemiah ,p>o% #b1agb #b1gab ,%ephatiah #cgb #cgb ,arah #gge #feb ,paha?-,moab1 etc #b1hab #b1hah ,elam #a1bed #a1bed ,zattu #ide #hde ,zaccai #gfj #gfj ,bani #fdb #fdh ,bebai #fbc #fbh ,azgad #a1bbb #b1cbb ,adonikam #fff #ffg ,bigvai #b1jef #b1jfg ,ad9 #ded #fee ,at] #ih #ih ,bezai #cbc #cbd ,jorah 7,h>iph7 #aab #aab ,ha%um #bbc #cbh ,gibb> 7,gibeon7 #ie #ie ,be?-lehem & ,netophah #agi #ahh ,ana?o? #abh #abh ,azmave? #db #db ,kirja?-arim1 etc #gdc #gdc ,ramah & ,gabah #fba #fba ,mi*mas #abb #abb ,be!l & ,ai #bbc #abc ,nebo #eb #eb ,magbi% #aef ,elam #a1bed #a1bed ,h>im #cbj #cbj ,lod1 ,hadid1 & ,ono #gbe #gba ,j]i*o #cde #cde ,s5aah #c1fcj #c1icj ,j$aiah #igc #igc ,imm] #a1jeb #a1jeb ,pa%ur #a1bdg #a1bdg ,h>im #a1jag #a1jag ,je%ua1 etc #gd #gd ,asaph #abh #adh ,%allum1 etc #aci #ach ,! ,ne?9im1 etc #cib #cib ,delaiah1 etc #feb #fdb ,s]vants #g1ccg #g1ccg ,s+]s #bjj #bde ,9 ! above table are tw5ty discrepancies4 ,tw5ty errors 9 =ty-?ree num]ical /atem5ts is a bad %[+ = an infallible record4 ,ezra & ,nehemiah bo? /ate t ! :ole congregation1 exclusive ( ! s]vants & s+]s1 numb]$ #db1cfj4 ,yet ! sum total ( ea* is mu* less ?an ?is1 t ( ,ezra be+ b #bi1hah1 & ,nehemiah1 #ca1jhi4 ,9 ! numb] ( dome/ic animals ,ezra & ,nehemiah agree4 ,9 ! oblations !y disagree4 ,accord+ to ,ezra !y gave #fa1jjj drams ( gold1 #e1jjj p\nds ( silv]1 & #ajj prie/s' g>m5ts4 ,accord+ to ,nehemiah !y gave 9 all #da1jjj drams ( gold1 #d1bjj p\nds ( silv]1 & #eig prie/s' g>m5ts4 ,:5 bibliolat]s affirm t !re is n "o error 9 ! ,bible1 ref] !m to ?is regi/]1 :]e 9 two *apt]s may be f\nd two doz5 errors4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,h>mony ,,( ,,! ,,gospels4 ,! m intellig5t ( or?odox ,*ri/ians admit t ! ,bible z a :ole is n infallible & div9e1 b claim t x conta9s a div9e revelation--t a "p ( x is ! "w ( ,god & a "p ! "w ( man4 ,& yet !y _c sep>ate ! "o f ! o!r1 _c agree z to :i* is div9e & :i* human4 ,conc]n+ ?is claim ,pr(4 ,goldw9 ,smi? writes3 ,:5 we are told !re are 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t scriptures bo? a human & a div9e elem5t1 we mu/ ask by :at te/ ! div9e is to be di/+ui%$ f ! human8 ,nobody w\ld h ?\ght ( 'p>tial inspiration' except z an exp$i5t to cov] retreat4 ,we b tamp] ) our own und]/&+ & consci5ces by su* attempts at once to hold on & let g2 to reta9 ! %ad[ ( ! belief :5 ! sub/ance has pass$ away4 ,f> bett] x is1 :atev] ! ef=t may co/1 hone/ly to admit t ! sacr$ books ( ! ,hebrews1 grant+ _! sup]iority to ! sacr$ books ( o!r nations1 are1 l ! sacr$ books ( o!r nations1 ! works ( man & n ( ,god4 ,o!rs admit ! fallibility & human orig9 ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & claim infallibility & div9ity = ! ,new ,te/am5t alone4 ,b !y _c consi/5tly claim infallibility & div9ity = ! ,new & n = ! ,old4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is bas$ ^u ! ,old4 ,if ! f\ndation be fallible ! sup]/ructure mu/ be fallible also4 ,bo? h be5 decl>$ canonical2 bo? are b\nd 9 ! same volume & label$ ,holy ,bible4 ,! *ief apo/les decl>$ ! writ+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t to be div9e1 a claim !y did n make = ! writ+s ( ! ,new4 ,besides1 ! ,new ,te/am5t is z full ( errors z ! ,old4 ,x has be5 %[n t ! ,f\r ,gospels are n g5u9e--t !y 7 n writt5 by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john4 ,x is to _! cr$it t !y 7 n4 ,a k ( ! fact relieves ! ,apo/les & _! companions ( a v discr$itable imputation4 ,7 f\r witnesses to te/ify 9 a c\rt ( ju/ice & contradict ea* o!r z ! ,evangeli/s d1 !y w\ld be prosecut$ = p]jury4 ,9 ano!r "w five hundr$ errors to be f\nd 9 ! ,f\r ,gospels w be expos$4 ,9 ?is *apt] tw5ty1 select$ l>gely at r&om1 w suffice to disprove ! cr$ibility ( ^! books3 #a4 ,:5 0 ,jesus born8 ,9 ! days ( ,h]od ! k+ 7,matt4 ii1 #a74 ,:5 ,cyr5ius 0 gov]nor ( ,syria 7,luke ii1 #b74 ,betwe5 ,mat!w & ,luke !re is a discrepancy ( fully n9e ye>s4 ,if ,jesus 0 born 9 ! days ( ,h]od he 0 born at lea/ ?ree ye>s be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era3 if he 0 born 9 ! "t ( ,cyr5ius he 0 born at lea/ six ye>s aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 #b4 ,:]e 0 ,jesus born1 9 a h\se1 or 9 a mang]8 ,& :5 !y 7 come into ! h\se1 !y saw ! "y *ild ) ,m>y 8 "m 7,matt4 ii1 #aa74 ,& !y came ) ha/e & f\nd ,m>y & ,joseph & ! babe ly+ 9 a mang] 7,luke ii1 #af74 #c4 ,:at did 8 p>5ts d ) him8 ,:5 he ,joseph arose1 he took ! "y *ild & 8 "m by night1 & dep>t$ into ,egypt2 & 0 !re until ! dea? ( ,h]od 7,matt4 ii1 #ad1 #ae74 ,& :5 ! days ( h] ,m>y's purification accord+ to ! law ( ,moses 7 accompli%$1 !y br\ght him to ,j]usalem to pres5t him to ! ,"l4444 ,& :5 !y _h p]=m$ all ?+s accord+ to ! law ( ! ,"l1 !y return$ into ,galilee1 to _! own city ,naz>e? 7,luke ii1 #bb1 #ci74 #d4 ,:at 7 ! names ( ! twelve apo/les8 ,n[ ! names ( ! twelve ,apo/les are ^!3 ,! fir/1 ,simon1 :o is call$ ,pet]1 & ,&rew 8 bro!r2 ,james ! son ( ,zeb$ee1 & ,john 8 bro!r2 ,philip & ,b>?olomew2 ,?omas1 & ,mat!w ! publican2 ,james ! son ( ,alpheus1 & ,lebbeus1 ^: surname 0 ,?addeus2 ,simon ! ,canaanite1 & ,judas ,isc>iot 7,matt4 x1 #b-d74 ,he *ose twelve1 :om also he nam$ apo/les3 ,simon 7:om he also nam$ ,pet]71 & ,&rew 8 bro!r1 ,james & ,john1 ,philip & ,b>?olomew1 ,mat!w & ,?omas1 ,james ! son ( ,alpheus1 & ,simon call$ ,zelotes1 & ,judas ! bro!r ( ,james1 & ,judas ,isc>iot 7,luke vi1 #ac-af74 #e4 ,:om did ,jesus call f ! receipt ( cu/om8 ,he saw a man nam$ ,mat!w1 sitt+ at ! receipt ( cu/om2 & he sai? unto him1 ,foll[ me 7,matt4 ix1 #i74 ,he w5t =?1 & saw a publican1 nam$ ,levi1 sitt+ at ! receipt ( cu/om3 & he said unto him1 ,foll[ me 7,luke v1 #bg74 #f4 ,:5 ,jesus s5t out 8 ,apo/les1 did he comm& !m to provide !mselves ) /aves8 ,& he comm&$ !m t !y %\ld take no?+ = _! j\rney1 save a /aff only2 no scrip1 no bread1 no money 7,m>k vi1 #h74 ,& he said unto !m1 ,take no?+ = y\r j\rney1 nei!r /aves1 nor scrip1 nei!r bread1 nei!r money 7,luke ix1 #c74 #g4 ,:at did ,jesus' neighbors say ( him8 ,is n ?is ! c>p5t]8 7,m>k vi1 #c74 ,is n ?is ! c>p5t]'s son8 7,matt4 xiii1 #ee47 #h4 ,0 x "o man or two m5 possess$ ) devils :o came out ( ! tombs8 ,!re met him out ( ! tombs a man ) an unclean _s 7,m>k v1 #b74 ,!re met him two possess$ ) devils1 com+ out ( ! tombs 7,matt4 viii1 #bh74 #i4 ,z ,jesus 0 go+ to ,j]usalem1 h[ _m bl9d m5 sat by ! wayside8 ,a c]ta9 bl9d man sat by ! way side begg+4444 ,& he cri$1 say+1 ,jesus ?\ ,son ( ,david1 h m]cy on me 7,luke xviii1 #ce74 ,two bl9d m5 sitt+ by ! way side1 :5 !y he>d t ,jesus pass$ by1 cri$ out1 say+1 ,h m]cy on u1 ,o ,"l1 ?\ ,son ( ,david 7,matt4 xx1 #cj74 #aj4 ,:at 0 ,jesus' pr$iction reg>d+ ,pet]'s d5ial8 ,be=e ! cock cr[1 ?\ %alt d5y me ?rice 7,matt4 xxvi1 #cd74 ,be=e ! cock cr[ twice ?\ %alt d5y me ?rice 7,m>k xiv1 #cj74 #aa4 ,:at 0 ! color ( ! robe plac$ on ,jesus dur+ 8 trial8 ,& !y /ripp$ him1 & put on him a sc>let robe 7,matt4 xxvii1 #bh74 ,& !y put on him a purple robe 7,john xix1 #b74 #ab4 ,at :at "t dur+ ! day 0 he crucifi$8 ,& x 0 ! ?ird h\r #i ,a4,m41 & !y crucifi$ him 7,m>k xv1 #be74 ,& x 0 ! prep>ation ( ! ,passov]1 & ab\t ! six? h\r noon4444 ,!n deliv]$ he him unto !m to be crucifi$ 7,john xix1 #ad1 #af74 #ac4 ,:at did !y give him to dr9k8 ,!y gave him v9eg> to dr9k m+l$ ) gall 7,matt4 xxvii1 #cd74 ,!y gave him to dr9k w9e m+l$ ) myrrh 7,m>k xv1 #bc74 #ad4 ,did bo? ?ieves revile him on ! cross8 ,& !y t 7 crucifi$ ) him revil$ him 7,m>k xv1 #cb74 ,& "o ( ! malefactors :i* 7 hang$ rail$ on him4444 ,b ! o!r answ]+ rebuk$ him 7,luke xxiii1 #ci1 #dj74 #ae4 ,c]ta9 words 7 inscrib$ on ! cross2 :at 7 ^! words8 ,! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7,m>k xv1 #bf74 ,?is is ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7,luke xxiii1 #ch74 ,?is is ,jesus ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7,matt4 xxvii1 #cg74 ,jesus ( ,naz>e? ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews 7,john xix1 #ai74 #af4 ,0 x lawful = ! ,jews to put ,jesus to dea?8 ,! ,jews !re=e said unto him1 ,x is n lawful = u to put any man to dea? 7,john xviii1 #ca74 ,! ,jews answ]$ him1 ,we h a law1 & by our law he ought to die 7,john xix1 #g74 #ag4 ,:at wom5 visit$ ! sepul*re on ! morn+ ( ! resurrection8 ,! fir/ day ( ! week come? ,m>y ,magdal5e1 e>ly :5 x 0 yet d>k1 unto ! sepul*re 7,john xx1 #a74 ,9 ! end ( ! ,sabba?1 z x began to dawn t[>d ! fir/ day ( ! week1 came ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ! o!r ,m>y1 to see ! sepul*re 7,matt4 xxviii1 #a74 ,n[ ^u ! fir/ day ( ! week1 v e>ly 9 ! morn+1 !y came unto ! sepul*re4444 ,x 0 ,m>y ,magdal5e1 & ,joanna1 & ,m>y ! "m ( ,james1 & o!r wom5 7,luke xxiv1 #a1 #aj74 #ah4 ,at :at "t 9 ! morn+ did !y visit ! tomb8 ,at ! ris+ ( ! sun 7,m>k xvi1 #b74 ,:5 x 0 yet d>k 7,john xx1 #a74 #ai4 ,:om did !y see at ! tomb8 ,! angel 7,matt4 xxviii1 #b74 ,a "y man 7,m>k xvi1 #e74 ,two m5 7,luke xxiv1 #d74 ,two angels 7,john xx1 #ab74 #bj4 ,:]e did ,jesus fir/ appe> to 8 disciples8 ,!n said ,jesus unto !m ! wom51 ,be n afraid2 g tell my bre?r5 t !y g into ,galilee1 & !re %all !y see me4444 ,!n ! elev5 disciples w5t away into ,galilee1 into a m\nta9 :]e ,jesus _h appo9t$ !m4 ,& :5 !y saw him !y wor%ip$ him2 b "s d\bt$ 7,matt4 xxviii1 #aj1 #af1 #ag74 ,& !y rose up ! same h\r1 & return$ to ,j]usalem1 & f\nd ! elev5 ga!r$ toge!r1 & !m t 7 ) !m1 say+1 ,! ,"l is ris5 inde$1 & ha? appe>$ to ,simon4444 ,& z !y ?us spake1 ,jesus himself /ood 9 ! mid/ ( !m 7,luke xxiv1 #cc1 #cd1 #cf74 ,! fir/ "t ,i read ,pa9e's ,age ( ,reason ,i 0 amaz$ to le>n t ! ,bible conta9s z _m errors z he exposes4 ,b :5 a little lat] ,i made a m ?or\gh /udy & analysis ( ! ,p5tateu*1 ! s-call$ hi/orical books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! ,f\r ,gospels1 ,i f\nd t ,pa9e _h only select$ "h & !re "o ( a multitude ( errors--t 9 a s+le book ( ! ,bible 7 to be f\nd m errors ?an he _h cit$ f its sixty-six4 ,! briefe/ expos ( all ! errors ( ! ,bible w\ld require a l>g] volume ?an ! ,bible itself4 ,& yet1 ?is book :i* conta9s m errors ?an any o!r book 9 ,*ri/5dom1 is ! only book = :i* ,*ri/ians claim in]rancy4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,paul ,,& ,,! ,,apo/les4 ,9 ?is *apt] w be pres5t$ "s passages f ,paul & ! o!r ,apo/les p]ta9+ to _! writ+s1 _! tea*+s1 & _! *>act]s1 :i* affect ! cr$ibility ( ! rema9+ books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #a4 ,x is popul>ly suppos$ t ,jesus & 8 twelve ,apo/les =mulat$ ! doctr9es ( ,*ri/ianity & f\nd$ ! ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,paul 0 ! real au?or ( ?is religion & ! f\nd] ( ! *ur*4 ,!n dep>t$ ,b>nabas to ,t>sus1 = to seek ,saul3 & :5 he _h f\nd him1 he br\ght him unto ,antio*4 ,& x came to pass1 t a :ole ye> !y assembl$ !mselves ) ! *ur*1 & taught mu* p4 ,& ! disciples 7 call$ ,*ri/ians fir/ 9 ,antio* 7,acts xi1 #be1 #bf74 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a ,jew4 ,pet]1 ,john1 ,james1 & ! o!r ,apo/les 9 ,pale/9e 7 n ,*ri/ians1 b ,jews--or?odox ,jews--:o diff]$ f o!r ,jews *iefly 9 accept+ ,jesus z ! expect$ ,jewi% ,messiah4 ,paul & 8 foll[]s 7 ! fir/ ,*ri/ians4 ,! ,dut* critics frankly admit t ,*ri/ianity has to ?ank him m ?an any o!r = its exi/5ce1 t he 0 ! f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 & t )\t him x w\ld h rema9$ an insignificant or =gott5 ,jewi% sect 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 pp4 #bj1 #fdb1 #fdc74 #b4 ,! conv]sion ( ,paul is describ$ z foll[s3 ,& z he j\rney$1 he came ne> ,damascus3 & sudd5ly !re %9$ r\nd ab\t him a light f heav53 & he fell to ! e>?1 & he>d a voice say+ unto him1 ,saul1 ,saul1 :y p]secute/ ?\ me8 ,& he said1 ,:o art ?\1 ,"l8 ,& ! ,"l said1 ,i am ,jesus :om ?\ p]secute/ 7,acts ix1 #c-e74 ,?is 0 simply a halluc9ation2 & ^u ?is halluc9ation ( ! diseas$ m9d ( ,paul ! :ole sy/em ( ,*ri/ian !ology is bas$4 #c4 ,! effect ( ,paul's miracul\s conv]sion ^u 8 companions is ?us relat$3 ,& ! m5 :i* j\rney$ ) him /ood spee*less 7,acts ix1 #g74 ,we 7 all fall5 to ! e>? 7xxvi1 #ad74 #d4 ,& ! m5 :i* j\rney$ ) him /ood spee*less1 he>+ a voice1 b see+ no man 7,acts ix1 #g74 ,& !y t 7 ) me saw inde$ ! light1 & 7 afraid2 b !y he>d n ! voice ( him t spake to me 7xxii1 #i74 #e4 ,aft] 8 conv]sion ,acts /ates t /raight-way he prea*$ ,*ri/ 9 ! synagogues 7ix1 #bj7 at ,damascus2 t :51 soon aft]1 ! ,jews s\ght to kill him he escap$ & w5t imm$iately to ,j]usalem2 t ,b>nabas took him1 & br\ght him to ! apo/les 7#bg72 ,& he 0 ) !m com+ 9 & go+ out at ,j]usalem 7#bh74 ,paul d5ies ?is4 ,ref]r+ to 8 conv]sion he says3 ,imm$iately ,i conf]r$ n ) fle% & blood3 nei!r w5t ,i up to ,j]usalem to !m :i* 7 apo/les be=e me2 b ,i w5t into ,arabia1 & return$ aga9 unto ,damascus4 ,!n aft] ?ree ye>s ,i w5t up to ,j]usalem to see ,pet] & abode ) him fifte5 days4 ,b o!r ( ! apo/les saw ,i none1 save ,james ! ,"l's bro!r 7,gal4 i1 #af-ai74 #f4 ,paul decl>es t 8 mission 0 to ! ,g5tiles alone4 ,i am ! ,apo/le ( ! ,g5tiles 7,rom4 xi1 #ac74 ,t ,i %\ld be ! m9i/] ( ,jesus ,*ri/ to ! ,g5tiles 7xv1 #af74 ,accord+ to ,acts 7ix1 #bj-bb2 xiii1 #e1 #ad-dc2 xiv1 #a2 xvii1 #a1 #b1 #aj2 xviii1 #d1 #ai2 xxviii1 #ag71 f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( 8 m9i/ry1 he 0 cont9ually prea*+ 9 ! synagogues to ! ,jews4 #g4 ,:ile ,paul proclaims himself ! apo/le to ! ,g5tiles he decl>es t ,pet]'s mission 0 conf9$ to ! ,jews4 ,! gospel ( ! uncircumcision 0 committ$ unto me1 z ! gospel ( ! circumcision 0 unto ,pet] 7,gal4 ii1 #g74 ,pet] cont5ds t 8 mission 0 to ! ,g5tiles4 ,& :5 !re _h be5 mu* disput+1 ,pet] rose up1 & said unto !m1 ,m5 & bre?r51 ye "k h[ t a good :ile ago ,god made *oice among u1 t ! ,g5tiles by my m\? %\ld he> ! ^w ( ! gospel 7,acts xv1 #g74 #h4 ,! *ief ( ,paul's !ological tea*+s is ,ju/ification by ,fai? alone4 ,kn[+ t a man is n ju/ifi$ by ! works ( ! law1 b by ! fai? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ev5 we h believ$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 t we might be ju/ifi$ by ! fai? ( ,*ri/ & n by ! works ( ! law3 = by ! works ( ! law %all no fle% be ju/ifi$ 7,gal4 ii1 #af74 ,if righte\sness come by ! law1 !n ,*ri/ is dead 9 va9 7#ba74 ,!re=e we conclude t a man is ju/ifi$ by fai? )\t ! de$s ( ! law 7,rom4 iii1 #bh74 ,james decl>es ?is doctr9e to be false & p]nici\s4 ,b wilt ?\ "k1 ,o va9 man1 t fai? )\t works is dead 7,james ii1 #bj74 ,= z ! body )\t ! _s is dead1 s fai? )\t works is dead also 7#bf74 ,ye see !n h[ t by works a man is ju/ifi$1 & n by fai? only 7#bd74 #i ,! two great miracles ( ! ,gospels are ! immaculate conception & ! bodily resurrection ( ,jesus4 ,! ,evangeli/s tea* ! doctr9e ( ! immaculate conception4 ,paul & ,pet] decl>e ,jesus to be simply a man4 ,paul3 ,! man ,*ri/ ,jesus 7#a ,tim4 ii1 #e74 ,pet]3 ,a man approv$ ( ,god 7,acts ii1 #bb74 #aj4 ,! ,evangeli/s tea* ! resurrection ( ! natural body--a body ( fle% & blood4 ,paul tea*es a spiritual resurrection only4 ,x is s[n a natural body2 x is rais$ a spiritual body 7#a ,cor4 xv1 #dd74 ,fle% & blood _c inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god 7#ej74 #aa4 ,paul bo? affirms & d5ies ! immortality ( man3 ,glory & honor & immortality 7,rom4 ii1 #g74 ,?is mortal mu/ put on immortality 7#a ,cor4 xv1 #ec74 ,! ,k+ ( k+s1 & ,"l ( lords ,*ri/2 :o only ha? immortality 7#a ,tim4 vi1 #ae1 #af74 #ab4 ,paul3 ,:]e=e ! law 0 our s*oolma/] to br+ u unto ,*ri/1 t we might be ju/ifi$ by fai?4 ,b aft] t fai? is come we are no long] "u a s*oolma/] 7,gal4 iii1 #bd1 #be74 ,b n[ we are deliv]$ f ! law 7,rom4 vii1 #f74 ,jesus3 ,?9k n t ,i am come to de/roy ! law4444 ,i am n come to de/roy1 b to fulfill4 ,= v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,till heav5 & e>? pass1 "o jot or "o tittle %all 9 no wise pass f ! law 7,matt4 v1 #ag1 #ah74 #ac4 ,we :i* are alive & rema9 unto ! com+ ( ! ,"l %all n prev5t !m :i* are asleep4 ,= ! ,"l himself %all desc5d f heav51 444 & ! dead 9 ,*ri/ %all rise fir/3 !n we :i* are alive & rema9 %all be caught up toge!r ) !m 9 ! cl\ds 7#a ,!s41 iv1 #ae-ag74 ,paul believ$ t ,*ri/ _h appe>$ to him4 ,x 0 a delusion4 ,he expect$ ,*ri/ to come aga94 ,he 0 mi/ak54 #ad4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( ,paul's reason+3 ,:]e=e tongues are = a sign1 n to !m t believe1 b to !m t believe n2 b prophesy+ s]ve? n = !m t believe n1 b = !m :i* believe4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! :ole *ur* be come toge!r into "o place1 & all speak ) tongues1 & !re come 9 ^? t are unle>n$1 or unbeliev]s1 w !y n say ye are mad8 ,b if all prophesy1 & !re come? 9 "o t believe? n1 or "o unle>n$1 he is conv9c$ ( all 7#a ,cor4 xiv1 #bb-bd74 ,speak+ ) tongues is = ! unbeliev]4 ,!re=e if y speak ) tongues ! unbeliev] is n conv9c$4 ,prophesy+ is n = ! unbeliev]4 ,!re=e if y prophesy ! unbeliev] is conv9c$4 ,paul also accord+ to ! wisdom giv5 unto him ha? writt5 unto y2 z also 9 all ( 8 epi/les1 speak+ 9 !m ( ^! ?+s2 9 :i* are "s ?+s h>d to be und]/ood 7#b ,pet] iii1 #ae1 #af74 ,! ,duke ( ,som]set says3 ,!re is sc>cely a s+le passage 9 ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 or a s+le doctr9e 9 ! ,paul9e !ology1 :i* is n d>k5$ or embroil$ by ! ambiguity ( ! expression 7,*ri/ian ,!ology & ,mod]n ,scepticism1 p4 #aaf74 #ae4 ,! foll[+ passage ( sev5 v]ses f ,paul 7,rom4 iii1 #ab-ah7 is borr[$ f six diff]5t *apt]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,is x a m$ley ( misquotations1 or a mosaic ( plagi>isms8 ,!y are all gone out ( ! way1 !y are toge!r become unpr(itable2 !re is none t doe? good1 no1 n "o4 ,_! ?roat is an op5 sepul*re2 ) _! tongues !y h us$ deceit2 ! poison ( asps is "u _! lips4 ,^: m\? is full ( curs+ & bitt]ness4 ,_! feet are swift to %$ blood4 ,de/ruction & mis]y are 9 _! ways4 ,& ! way ( peace h !y n kn[n4 ,!re is no fe> ( ,god be=e _! eyes4 ,!y are all gone aside1 !y are all toge!r become fil?y3 !re is none t doe? good1 no1 n "o 7,ps4 xiv1 #c74 ,_! ?roat is an op5 sepul*re2 !y flatt] ) ! tongue 7,ps4 v1 #i74 ,add]s' poison is "u _! lips 7cxl1 #c74 ,8 m\? is full ( curs+ & deceit 7,ps4 x1 #g74 ,_! feet run to evil & !y make ha/e to %$ innoc5t blood 7,is4 lix1 #g74 ,wa/+ & de/ruction are 9 _! pa?s 7,ibid74 ,! way ( peace !y "k n 7#h74 ,!re is no fe> ( ,god be=e 8 eyes 7,ps4 xxxvi1 #a74 #af4 ,! foll[+ words are ascrib$ to ,jesus by ,paul3 ,rememb] ! words ( ! ,"l ,jesus1 h[ he said1 ,x is m bless$ to give ?an to receive 7,acts xx1 #he74 ,no su* words are to be f\nd 9 ! record$ say+s ( ,jesus4 ,b z x is writt51 ,eye ha? n se51 nor e> he>d1 nei!r h ent]$ into ! he>t ( man1 ! ?+s :i* ,god ha? prep>$ = !m t love him 7#a ,cor4 ii1 #i74 ,! above is quot$ by ,paul z scripture1 b ! scriptures d n conta9 ?is passage4 #ag4 ,:o 8 ,*ri/'s own self b>e our s9s 9 8 own body on ! tree 7#a ,pet] ii1 #bd74 ,! ,epi/les ( ,pet] are devot$ l>gely to ,*ri/'s suff]+ & dea?1 b no m5tion is made ( 8 crucifixion4 ,! words cross & crucify are n to be f\nd 9 !m4 ,9 ,acts ,pet] speaks ( ,jesus' dea? z foll[s3 ,jesus1 :om ye slew & hang$ on a tree 7v1 #cj74 ,god ano9t$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? 444 :om !y slew & hang$ on a tree 7x1 #ch1 #ic74 #ah4 ,= !re are ?ree t be> record 9 heav51 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,^w & ! ,holy ,gho/2 & ^! ?ree are "o 7#a ,john v1 #g74 ,?is is ! *ief text reli$ ^u to support ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 & ?is text all ,*ri/ian s*ol>s admit to be a =g]y4 #ai4 ,& ,eno* also1 ! sev5? f ,adam1 prophesi$ ( ^!1 say+1 ,behold1 ! ,"l come? ) t5 ?\s& ( 8 sa9ts 7,jude #ad74 ,jude's scriptural au?ority is an apocryphal book4 ,g5esis1 ,*ronicles1 & ,luke all agree t ,eno* 0 n ! sev5?1 b ! six? f ,adam4 ,adam 444 begat 444 ,se? 7,g54 v1 #c72 ,se? 444 begat ,enos 7#f72 ,enos 444 begat ,ca9an 7#i72 ,ca9an 444 begat ,mahalaleel 7#ab72 ,mahalaleel 444 begat ,j>$ 7#ae72 ,j>$ 444 begat ,eno* 7#ah74 ,adam1 ,%e?1 ,eno*1 ,k5an1 ,mahalaleel1 ,j>$1 ,h5o* 7#a ,*ron4 i1 #a-c74 ,:i* 0 ! son ( ,eno*1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,j>$1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,maleleel1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,ca9an1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,se?1 :i* 0 ! son ( ,adam 7,luke iii1 #cg1 #ch74 #bj4 ,n[ ,pet] sat )\t 9 ! palace3 & a damsel came unto him1 say+1 ,?\ also wa/ ) ,jesus ( ,galilee4 ,b he d5i$ be=e !m all1 say+1 ,i "k n :at ?\ saye/ 7,matt4 xxvi1 #fi1 #gj74 ,& aga9 he d5i$ ) an oa?1 ,i d n "k ! man 7#gb74 ,!n began he to curse & to swe>1 say+1 ,i "k n ! man 7#gd74 ,b :5 ,pet] 0 come to ,antio*1 ,i ,paul )/ood him to ! face1 because he 0 to be blam$4 ,= be=e t c]ta9 came f ,james1 he did eat ) ! ,g5tiles2 b :5 !y 7 come1 he )drew & sep>at$ himself1 fe>+ !m :i* 7 ( ! circumcision4 ,& ! o!r ,jews dissembl$ likewise ) him 7,gal4 ii1 #aa-ac74 ,?\ art ,pet]1 & ^u ?is rock ,i w build my *ur* 7,matt4 xvi1 #ah74 #ba4 ,him ,timo?y w\ld ,paul h to g ) him1 & took & circumcis$ him because ( ! ,jews :i* 7 9 ^? qu>t]s 7,acts xvi1 #c74 ,?\ see/1 bro!r ,paul1 h[ _m ?\s&s ( ,jews !re are :i* believe1 & !y are all zeal\s ( ! law4444 ,d !re=e ?is t we say to !e3 ,we h f\r m5 :i* h a v[ on !m2 !m take & purify ?yself ) !m4 ,!n ,paul took ! m51 & ! next day purify+ himself ) !m ent]$ into ! temple 7,acts xxi1 #bj-bf74 ,paul rebuk$ ,pet] = 8 hypocrisy4 ,b if he practic$ circumcision1 & took ! v[ ( a ,naz>ite1 z claim$1 he 0 a great] hypocrite ?an ,pet]2 = ,saul ! ,jew 0 n m viol5tly oppos$ to ! religion ( ,*ri/ ?an ,paul ! ,*ri/ian 0 to ! religion ( ! ,jews4 ,t he 0 addict$ to hypocrisy & dissimulation is %[n by ! foll[+ admissions 9 8 g5u9e epi/les3 ,be+ crafty ,i caught y ) guile 7#b ,cor4 xii1 #af74 ,unto ! ,jews ,i became z a ,jew1 t ,i might ga9 ! ,jews 7#a ,cor4 ix1 #bj74 ,i am made all ?+s to all m5 7#bb74 #bb4 ,john impea*es ! cr$ibility ( ,paul & d5\nces him z a li>4 ,critics agree t portions ( ,revelation1 includ+ ! foll[+1 are aim$ directly at ,paul3 ,?\ ha/ tri$ !m :i* say !y are apo/les1 & are n1 & ha/ f\nd !m li>s 7ii1 #b74 #bc4 ,& he sai? unto me1 ,seal n ! say+s ( ! prophecy ( ?is book3 = ! "t is at h& 7,rev4 xxii1 #aj74 ,among mu* t is un9telligible1 ! writ] ( ,revelation cle>ly pr$icts ! de/ruction ( ,rome 7xvii1 #af1 #ah72 ass]ts t ,n]o1 :o 0 really dead1 0 yet alive 7xiii1 #c72 proclaims ! imm$iate com+ ( ,*ri/ 7i1 #g2 xxii1 #g1 #ab71 ! av5g+ ( ! p]secut$ prophets & apo/les 7xviii1 #bj71 ! b9d+ ( ,satan = a ?\s& ye>s 7xx1 #b71 & ! e/abli%m5t ( ,god's k+dom 7xxi74 ,we "k h[ completely ^! expectations 7 disappo9t$4 ,j]usalem1 :]e ! temple at lea/ 0 nev] to be violat$1 fell utt]ly1 & ! sanctu>y 0 laid l[ nev] to rise aga92 :ile ,rome1 in/ead ( be+ turn$ to a des]t1 /ill held h] rank & fame4 ,n]o1 ! ,anti*ri/1 0 dead & nev] return$ to life2 b nei!r did ! ,*ri/ come back to e>?4 ,! m>tyrs 7 n av5g$1 b fre% p]secutions await$ ! fai?ful4 ,! k+dom ( ,satan held its own1 & ! k+dom ( ,god came n 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #fee74 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,! ,,bible ,,& ,,hi/ory4 ,ab\t "o-half ( ! books ( ! ,bible purport to be1 to a consid]able ext5t at lea/1 hi/orical4 ,b f ,g5esis to ,revelation !re is sc>cely a book :i* c be accept$ z a reliable record ( ev5ts4 ,ne>ly all ( !m ab\nd ) manife/ absurdities1 exagg]ations1 & contradictions4 ,_! au?ors1 = ! mo/ "p1 deal ) matt]s conc]n+ :i* ! anci5t pr(ane hi/orians take no cognizance2 & ?is1 9 a measure1 conceals _! errors4 ,b :5 !y d ref] to kn[n hi/orical ev5ts1 !y exhibit su* an ignorance ( ! facts1 or su* a desire to p]v]t !m1 z to de/roy _! cr$ibility4 ,9 ?is *apt] w be pres5t$ "s sacr$ hi/ory :i* reason rejects or ! demon/rat$ facts ( pr(ane hi/ory disprove4 #a4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?4 ,! ,bible1 x is affirm$1 conta9s a connect$ & reliable hi/orical & *ronological record ( ev5ts f ! ,creation d[n to ! univ]sally accept$ dates ( pr(ane hi/ory4 ,& yet betwe5 ! ?ree v]sions ( ! ,jewi% ,bible !re is an utt] disagreem5t4 ,! creation ( ! _w1 accord+ to ^! v]sions1 0 z foll[s3 ,hebrew1 #djjd ,b4,c4 ,sam>itan1 #dgjj ,b4,c4 ,septuag9t1 #ehgb ,b4,c4 ,! ,talmud & ,josephus1 bas$ ^u ! above1 agree ) nei!r1 nor ) ea* o!r4 ,accord+ to ! ,talmud1 ! ,creation occurr$ #ecdd ,b4,c42 accord+ to ,josephus1 #dfeh ,b4,c4 #b4 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel j\rney$ f ,rameses to ,succo?1 ab\t six hundr$ ?\s& on foot t 7 m51 beside *ildr54 ,& a mix$ multitude w5t up also ) !m2 & flocks1 & h]ds1 ev5 v mu* cattle4 ,ev5 ! selfsame day x came to pass1 t all ! ho/s ( ! ,"l w5t out f ! l& ( ,egypt 7,ex4 xii1 #cg1 #ch1 #da74 ,& ,moses /ret*$ out 8 h& ov] ! sea2 & ! ,"l caus$ ! sea to g back by a /rong ea/ w9d all t night4444 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel w5t into ! mid/ ( ! sea ^u ! dry gr\nd4444 ,?us ! ,"l sav$ ,israel t day out ( ! h& ( ! ,egyptians 7,ex4 xiv1 #ba1 #bb1 #cj74 ,! ,exodus ( ! ,israelites f ,egypt is repres5t$ z hav+ tak5 place 9 an incr$ibly brief space ( "t4 ,x 0 aft] midnight :5 ,moses 0 ord]$ to notify 8 p to dep>t4 ,be=e morn+ !y 7 all en r\te f ,rameses to ! ,r$ ,sea1 :i* !y rea*$ 9 ?ree days & cross$ 9 a few h\rs4 ,z !re 7 #fjj1jjj m51 ! total numb] ( p]sons mu/ h be5 ne>ly #c1jjj1jjj4 ,?ree millions is a numb] easily spok5 & quickly writt54 ,b nei!r ! au?or ( ?is /ory nor ^? :o accept x z hi/ory h ! slighte/ conception ( its mean+4 ,!y evid5tly ?9k t ?ree million p--old & "y2 m51 wom51 & *ildr52 ! sick & ! lame1 toge!r ) _! flocks & h]ds1 _! h\sehold effects & provisions--c\ld be mov$ ) ! cel]ity ( a few hundr$ m54 ,:5 ,napoleon cross$ ! ,nieman 9 #ahab1 x took 8 army ( tra9$ soldi]s1 inur$ to h>d%ips & accu/om$ to rapid m>*es1 ?ree days & nights to cross ! riv] 9 close file on ?ree bridges4 ,_h 8 army be5 z l>ge z ?is body ( ,israelites1 to h cross$ ! riv] on "o bridge1 all[+ ! necess>y "t = re/1 w\ld h tak5 six mon?s4 ,x w\ld h requir$ mon?s to notify1 assemble1 & organize ?is va/ population ( slaves 9 read9ess = _! migration4 ,& :5 ! j\rney began1 if ! head ( ! column _h left ,rameses 9 ! spr+ ! re> ( ! column w\ld n h be5 able to move be=e autumn4 #c4 ,behold ! l& ( ,canaan1 :i* ,i give unto ! *ildr5 ( ,israel = a possession 7,deut4 xxxii1 #di74 ,9 ! twelf? *apt] ( ,jo%ua is giv5 a li/ ( ?irty-"o k+doms :i* 7 conqu]$ by !m4 ,?is 0 9 ! fifte5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,f ?is "t =w>d !y are repres5t$ z a mighty nation by ,bible hi/orians4 ,rameses ,,iii4 ov]ran ,canaan & conqu]$ x betwe5 #abhj & #abfj ,b4,c4 ,! ,egyptian records give a li/ ( all ! tribes inhabit+ x4 ,! *ildr5 ( ,israel--! ,hebrews--7 n !re4 ,9 ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 :5 ,h]odotus1 ! fa!r ( hi/ory1 0 collect+ mat]ials = 8 immortal "w1 he trav]s$ ne>ly e portion ( ,we/]n ,asia4 ,he describes all its pr9cipal peoples & places2 b ! ,jews & ,j]usalem are ( too little consequ5ce to m]it a l9e f 8 p54 ,n until #ccb ,b4,c4 d ! ,jews appe> ^u ! /age ( hi/ory1 & !n only z ! submissive vassals ( a ,grecian k+4 #d4 #a4 ,elhanan1 ! son ( ,jair1 ! ,be?lehemite1 slew ,golia? ( ,ga?1 ! %aft ( ^: spe> 0 l a weav]'s beam 7#b ,sam4 xxi1 #ai1 ,h4 ,v474 #b4 ,elhanan ! son ( ,jair slew ,lahmi ! bro!r ( ,golia? ! ,gittite1 ^: spe> /aff 0 l a weav]'s beam 7#a ,*ron4 xx1 #e74 #c4 ,elhanan ! son ( ,ja>e-oregim1 a ,be?lehemite1 slew ! bro!r ( ,golia? ! ,gittite1 ! /aff ( ^: spe> 0 l a weav]'s beam 7#b ,sam4 xxi1 #ai1 ,a4 ,v474 ,! above are ?ree v]sions ( ! same passage4 ,! fir/ is a correct translation ( ! passage z x appe>s 9 ! ,hebrew4 ,x is a "p ( "o ( ! two discordant n>ratives us$ by ! compil] ( ,samuel4 ,! compil] ( ,*ronicles saw ! discrepancy & int]polat$ ! words ,lahmi ! bro!r (4 ,our translators int]polat$ ! words ! bro!r (4 ,critics admit t if ! kill+ ( ,golia? is a hi/orical ev5t1 :i* is improbable1 x 0 ,elkanah1 & n ,david1 :o slew him4 ,! /ory ( ,david & ,golia? giv5 by ! o!r n>rator 9 #a ,samuel is a my?4 ,?is writ] says3 ,& ,david took ! head ( ! ,phili/9e1 & br\ght x to ,j]usalem1 evid5tly believ+ t ! ,israelites !n occupi$ ,j]usalem1 :]eas ! duel betwe5 ,david & ,golia? is said to h occurr$ #ajfb ,b4,c41 :ile ! conque/ & occupancy ( ,j]usalem by ! ,israelites did n occur until #ajdg ,b4,c41 fifte5 ye>s lat]4 #e4 ,& ,solomon s5t to ,hiram1 say+1 444 ,behold1 ,i purpose to build an h\se unto ! "n ( ! ,"l my ,god1 444 & my s]vants %all be ) ?y s]vants1 & unto !e w ,i give hire = ?y s]vants 7#a ,k+s v1 #b1 #e1 #f74 ,& ,solomon _h ?ree score & t5 ?\s& t b>e burd5s1 & f\r score ?\s& hew]s 9 ! m\nta9s2 beside ! *ief ( ,solomon's (fic]s :i* 7 ov] ! "w1 ?ree ?\s& & ?ree hundr$ 7#ae1 #af74 ,s 0 he sev5 ye>s 9 build+ x 7vi1 #ch7 ,& ! h\se :i* ,k+ ,solomon built = ! ,"l1 ! l5g? !re( 0 ?reescore cubits1 & ! bread? !re( tw5ty cubits1 & ! height !re( ?irty cubits 7#b74 ,! ma9 build+ ( ,solomon's ,temple1 !n1 0 ab\t #if feet long1 #cb feet wide1 & #dh feet high4 ,"o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& m5 engag$ sev5 ye>s 9 build+ a h\se z l>ge z a village *ur* or a c\ntry /ore6 ,! m\nta9 labor$ & br\ght =? a m\se6 #f4 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel fl$ be=e ,judah3 & ,god deliv]$ !m into _! h&4 ,& ,abijah & 8 p slew !m ) great slaught]3 s !re fell d[n sla9 ( ,israel five hundr$ ?\s& *os5 m5 7#b ,*ron4 xiii1 #af1 #ag74 ,five hundr$ ?\s& sla9 9 "o battle6 ,at ! battle ( ,gettysburg1 "o ( ! greate/ battles ( mod]n times1 = ?ree long days1 two mighty armies ( ,am]ica engag$ 9 deadly conflict1 & :5 x 0 end$1 ! defeat$ army _h less ?an five ?\s& kill$4 ,& yet we are ask$ to believe t ?is puny race ( ,hebrews1 too insignificant to attract ! notice ( anci5t hi/orians1 m>%al$ 9 battle two cont5d+ armies1 ! c>nage ( :i* equal$ t ( a hundr$ ,gettysburgs4 ,talk ab\t ori5tal exagg]ation6 ,if y wi% to f9d its *oice/ specim5s1 se>* n ! pages ( ,p]sian & ,arabian romance1 b read a *apt] ( sacr$ hi/ory4 #g4 ,& ,pul ! k+ ( ,assyria came aga9/ ! l&2 & ,m5ahem gave ,pul a ?\s& tal5ts ( silv]1 t 8 h& might be ) him to confirm ! k+dom 9 8 h& 7#b ,k+s xv1 #ai74 ,! k+ :o reign$ 9 ,assyria at ?is "t 0 ,iva-lu%4 ,assyria nev] _h a k+ nam$ ,pul4 #h4 ,bel%azz> ! k+ made a great fea/ to a ?\s& ( 8 lords1 & drank w9e be=e ! ?\s&4 ,bel%azz>1 :iles he ta/$ ! w9e1 comm&$ to br+ ! gold5 & silv] vessels :i* 8 fa!r ,nebu*adnezz> _h tak5 out ( ! temple :i* 0 9 ,j]usalem2 t ! k+1 & 8 pr9ces1 8 wives1 & 8 concub9es1 might dr9k !re9 7,dan4 v1 #a1 #b74 ,9 ! same h\r came =? f+]s ( a man's h& & wrote ov] aga9/ ! c&le/ick ^u ! plai/] ( ! wall ( ! k+'s palace 7#e74 ,& ?is is ! writ+ t 0 writt53 ,,m5e1 ,,m5e1 ,,tekel1 ,,uph>s9 7#be74 ,9 t night 0 ,bel%azz> ! k+ ( ! ,*aldeans ,babylon sla94 ,& ,d>ius ! ,m$ian took ! k+dom 7#cj1 #ca74 ,z a dramatic piece ( fiction ,bel%azz>'s ,fea/ is good2 z a *apt] ( anci5t hi/ory x is bad4 ,bel%azz> 0 n ! son ( ,nebu*adnezz>2 nei!r 0 he k+ ( ,babylon4 ,d>ius ! ,m$e did n take ! k+dom4 #i4 ,& x came to pass 9 ^? days1 t !re w5t out a decree f ,cs> ,augu/us1 t all ! _w %\ld be tax$4 7,& ?is tax+ 0 fir/ made :5 ,cyr5ius 0 gov]nor ( ,syria47444 ,& ,joseph also w5t up f ,galilee1 out ( ! city ( ,naz>e?1 into ,judea1 unto ! city ( ,david1 :i* is call$ ,be?lehem 7because he 0 ( ! h\se & l9eage ( ,david71 to be tax$ ) ,m>y 8 esp\s$ wife1 be+ great ) *ild 7,luke ii1 #a-e74 ,?is _c be accept$ z hi/orical = ! foll[+ reasons3 #a4 ,cs> ,augu/us nev] issu$ a decree t all ! _w %\ld be tax$1 nor ev5 "o t all ! ,roman _w %\ld be tax$4 #b4 ,if he _h issu$ su* a decree ,joseph & ,m>y w\ld n h be5 subject to taxation1 because !y liv$ 9 ,galilee1 an indep5d5t prov9ce4 #c4 ,_h !y be5 subject to taxation !y w\ld h be5 enroll$ 9 _! own c\ntry & n 9 "s di/ant k+dom4 #d4 ,cyr5ius did n become gov]nor ( ,syria until ne>ly t5 ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,h]od1 & ,jesus 0 born1 x is claim$1 9 ! days ( ,h]od4 #aj4 ,!n ,h]od1 :5 he saw t he 0 mock$ ( ! wise m51 0 exce$+ wro?1 & s5t =? & slew all ! *ildr5 t 7 9 ,be?lehem1 & 9 all ! coa/s !re(1 f two ye>s old & "u 7,matt4 ii1 #af74 ,! /atem5t t ,h]od ! ,great1 :o 0 firmly e/abli%$ 9 8 gov]nm5t1 & :o _h full-gr[n male heirs to succe$ him1 0 afraid t ! babe ( an obscure ,naz>e? c>p5t] w\ld supplant him 9 8 k+dom1 is en\gh to cause a ,cov5ant] to laugh on ,sunday4 ,_h ,h]od issu$ su* a decree 8 fri5ds1 in/ead ( execut+ x1 w\ld h _h him conf9$ 9 a madh\se4 ,! fact t ! ,roman & ,jewi% hi/orians ( t age--"o ( :om1 an enemy1 gives a full & complete record ( 8 life--"k no?+ ( ?is awful trag$y1 t an anonym\s au?or writ+ ne>ly two c5turies aft]w>d is ! only "o :o m5tions x1 is ( itself suffici5t to br& x z an atroci\s falsehood4 #aa4 ,t ^u y may come all ! righte\s blood %$ ^u ! e>?1 f ! blood ( righte\s ,abel unto ! blood ( ,za*>ias son ( ,b>a*ias :om ye slew betwe5 ! temple & ! alt> 7,matt4 xxiii1 #ce74 ,! div9e hi/orian ascribes ^! words to ,jesus4 ,jesus 0 crucifi$1 x is claim$1 ab\t #bi ,a4,d4 ,za*>ias 0 sla9 9 #fi ,a4,d41 =ty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus4 ,"s cont5d t ,jesus ref]s to ! ,za*>iah m5tion$ 9 #b ,*ronicles 7xxiv1 #bj1 #be74 ,b ?is ,za*>iah 0 ! son ( ,jehoiada4 ,besides1 ! accusation ( ,jesus is int5d$ to cov] all "t f ! fir/ to ! la/ (f5se1 & to "n ?is ,za*>iah w\ld be to admit t !y _h %$ no righte\s blood = #hej ye>s4 #ab4 ,= be=e ^! days rose up ,!udas1 boa/+ himself to be somebody2 to :om a numb] ( m51 ab\t f\r hundr$1 jo9$ !mselves3 :o 0 sla92 & all1 z _m z obey$ him1 7 scatt]$1 & br\ght to n\ght4 ,aft] ?is man rose up ,judas ( ,galilee 9 ! days ( ! tax+1 & drew away mu* p aft] him3 he also p]i%$ 7,acts v1 #cf1 #cg74 ,accord+ to ,acts ! s$ition ( ,!udas occurr$ be=e ! tax+1 :i* 0 ab\t #f ,a4,d4 ,x really occurr$ :ile ,fadus 0 procurator ( ,judea1 ab\t #df ,a4,d4--=ty ye>s aft] ! date assign$ 9 ,acts4 ,! ,bible is l>gely a m$ley ( fables1 my?ologies1 & leg5ds4 ,^! leg5ds conta9 a modicum ( tru?--h[ mu* _c be det]m9$4 ,! reliable hi/orian fai?fully pres5ts ! facts conta9$ 9 ! mat]ials at 8 comm&4 ,^! s-call$ sacr$ hi/orians d n4 ,) !m hi/ory is second>y to !ology & made subs]vi5t to x4 ,e ev5t is repres5t$ z a special act ( div9e ,provid5ce & is tortur$ to uphold & s]ve _! !ological notions4 ,ref]r+ to ! au?or or compil] ( ,judges1 ,dr4 ,oort says3 ,! writ] has drawn mo/ ( 8 n>ratives f tru/wor?y s\rces4444 ,our gratitude to him w\ld inde$ be /ill great] ?an x is1 if he _h giv5 u all t he f\nd 9 8 au?orities unmix$ & unalt]$4 ,b to an ,israelite hi/orian ?is seems to h be5 a simple impossibility 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #cfc74 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,! ,,bible ,,& ,,sci5ce4 ,!re is a beautiful h>mony betwe5 ! pr9ciples ( sci5ce & ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible4--,dr4 ,*eev]4 ,bibliolat]s1 unacqua9t$ ) ! pr9ciples ( sci5ce1 & sci5ti/s unacqua9t$ ) ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible1 may accept ?is /atem5t2 ^? conv]sant ) bo? _c4 ,9 ! ,bible a ?\s& sci5tific errors may be f\nd4 ,! limits ( ?is "w preclude a pres5tation ( !m all4 ,en\gh w be giv51 h[ev]1 to %[ t ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible conflict ) ! tea*+s ( ! t5 pr9cipal sci5ces--,a/ronomy1 ,geology1 ,geography1 ,botany1 ,zoology1 ,e?nology1 ,physiology1 ,*emi/ry1 ,physics1 & ,ma!matics4 ,a/ronomy4 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be light1 & !re 0 light 7,g54 i1 #c74 ,& ,god call$ ! light day1 & ! d>kness he call$ night4 ,& ! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! fir/ day 7#e74 ,& ,god made two great lights2 ! great] light to rule ! day & ! less] light to rule ! night2 he made ! />s also 444 & ! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! f\r? day 7#af1 #ai74 ,! cause is suppos$ to prec$e ! effect2 b "h ! effect prec$es ! cause4 ,light & d>kness1 morn+ & ev5+1 day & night exi/ be=e ! sun4 ,! ,bible tea*es u t ! e>? is old] ?an ! sun2 sci5ce tea*es u t ! sun is old] ?an ! e>?4 ,9 ! creation ( ! univ]se ,god devot$ five-six?s ( 8 "t to ! creation ( ?is little _w ( ours1 :ile b a fragm5t ( ! rema9+ "t 0 ne$$ to create ! c\ntless worlds t exi/ outside ( our sol> sy/em4 ,five brief words1 ,he made ! />s also1 record ! hi/ory ( _! creation4 ,accord+ to ! ,bible1 ! olde/ /> is less ?an six ?\s& ye>s old4 ,:at says ! sci5ti/8 ,i h obs]v$ />s1 ( :i* ! light1 x c be prov$1 mu/ take two millions ( ye>s to rea* ?is e>?4--,sir ,william ,h]s*el4 ,sun1 /& ?\ /ill ^u ,gibeon2 & ?\1 ,moon1 9 ! valley ( ,ajalon4 ,s ! sun /ood /ill 9 ! mid/ ( heav51 & ha/$ n to g d[n ab\t a :ole day 7,jo%4 x1 #ab1 #ac74 ,behold1 ,i ! ,"l w br+ aga9 ! %ad[ ( ! degrees1 :i* is gone d[n 9 ! sun dial ( ,ahaz1 t5 degrees backw>d4 ,s ! sun return$ t5 degrees 7,isaiah xxxviii1 #h74 ,! ,bible tea*es ! geoc5tric !ory t ! sun revolves ar\nd ! e>?2 ,sci5ce tea*es ! helioc5tric !ory t ! e>? revolves ar\nd ! sun4 ,lu!r1 accept+ ! ,bible & reject+ sci5ce1 wrote3 ,! fool ,cop]nicus wi%es to rev]se ! entire sci5ce ( ,a/ronomy4 ,b sacr$ ,scripture tells u t ,jo%ua comm&$ ! sun to /& /ill & n ! e>?4 ,biblical a/ronomy1 says ! celebrat$ ,jewi% comm5tator1 ,dr4 ,kalis*1 is d]iv$ f m]e optical appe>ance4 ,geology4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>? 7,g54 i1 #a74 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! e>? br+ =? grass1 ! h]b yield+ se$1 & ! fruit tree yield+ fruit 7i1 #aa74 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! wat]s br+ =? abundantly ! mov+ creature t ha? life1 & f[l t may fly above ! e>? 7i1 #bj74 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! e>? br+ =? ! liv+ creature aft] 8 k9d1 cattle & creep+ ?+s 7i1 #bd74 ,& ,god said1 ,let u make man 9 our image 7i1 #bf74 ,9 six days ! ,"l made heav5 & e>? 7,ex4 xx1 #aa74 ,accord+ to ! ,bible1 ! e>? 0 creat$ 9 six days ab\t six ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,geology tells u t ! e>? 0 old six million ye>s ago4 ,to make room = ! e>?'s developm5t1 !ologians n[ cont5d t a va/ p]iod ( "t elaps$ betwe5 ! "w record$ 9 ! fir/ v]se & 9 ^? foll[+4 ,to ?is ,bi%op ,col5so replies3 ,we are pla9ly taught 9 ! book ( ,g5esis1 accord+ to ! simple1 /raight=w>d mean+ ( ! words1 t ,elohim creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>? 9 ! beg9n+ ( ^! six days--t is1 tak+ into acc\nt ! *ronological data ( ! ,bible1 ab\t six ?\s& ye>s ago 7,! ,p5tateu*1 ,"p ,,iv1 p4 #id74 ,aga91 !ologians claim t ^! six days 7 n six lit]al days1 b six long epo*s ( "t4 ,! ,rev4 ,moses ,/u>t1 ,pr(essor ( ,sacr$ ,lit]ature 9 ,&ov] ,!ological ,sem9>y1 "o ( ! able/ ,hebrew s*ol>s1 says3 ,:5 ! sacr$ writ] 9 ,g5esis i says1 ! fir/ day1 ! second day1 etc41 !re c be no possible d\bt--none4444 ,:at puts ?is beyond all "q 9 philology is t ! writ] says specifically1 ! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! fir/ day1 ! second day1 etc4 ,n[1 is an ev5+ & a morn+ a p]iod ( "s ?\s&s ( ye>s8 ,is x1 9 any s5se1 :5 s employ$1 an indef9ite p]iod8 ,! answ] is s pla9 & c]ta9 t ,i ne$ n repeat x4 ,if ,moses has giv5 u an errone\s acc\nt ( ! creation1 s be x4 ,let x come out1 & let u leave ! :ole4 ,b d n let u turn aside 8 language to get rid ( difficulties t we may h 9 our speculations4 ,! ,jewi% s*ol>1 ,dr4 ,kalis*1 n only rejects ?is int]pretation ( ! ^w day1 b admits t x w\ld n reconcile ,g5esis ) sci5ce if all[$4 ,he says3 ,! device t ! days d5ote epo*s is n only arbitr>y1 b ineffective1 = ! six epo*s ( ! ,mosaic creation correspond 9 no mann] ) ! gradual =mation ( cosmos4 ,accord+ to ,g5esis ! creation ( organic life occupi$ b ?ree ( ^! six days4 ,! ord] ( creation = ^! ?ree days1 or p]iods1 is z foll[s3 #a4 7#c;d day7 ,l& plants2 #b4 7#e? day7 aquatic animals1 birds2 #c4 7#f? day7 ,mammals1 reptiles1 man4 ,is ?is confirm$ by sci5ce8 ,pass+ ,lyell by1 let u cite our m or?odox ,dana4 ,dr4 ,dana1 :o pr(ess$ to believe t ! /udy ( ,geology t5d$ to /r5g!n fai? 9 ! ,book ( books1 gives ! sev]al geological ages1 toge!r ) ! successive appe>ances ( organic life1 z foll[s3 #a4 ,ar*an ,age--,l[e/ m>9e life1 if any2 #b4 ,silurian ,age--,inv]tebrates1 m>9e plants2 #c4 ,devonian ,age--,fi%1 e>lie/ appe>ance ( l& plants2 #d4 ,c>bonif]\s ,age--,luxuriant vegetation1 l[e/ =ms ( reptiles2 #e4 ,reptilian ,age--,highe/ =ms ( reptiles2 #f4 ,t]ti>y ,age--,birds1 mammals2 #g4 ,quat]n>y ,age--,man4 ,ev5 ,dana _c reconcile ,g5esis ) ,geology4 ,g5esis tells u t ! e>lie/ organic life 0 t]re/rial vegetation2 ,geology tells u t ages ( organic life pass$ be=e t]re/rial plants appe>$4 ,g5esis tells u t fi% & f[ls 7 creat$ at ! same "t2 ,geology tells u t ! f9ny tribes exi/$ ages be=e ! fea!r$ tribes appe>$4 ,g5esis tells u t mammals & reptiles 7 creat$ at ! same "t2 ,geology tells u t :ile reptiles exi/$ 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s age1 mammals did n appe> until ! close ( ! ,reptilian age4 ,g5esis tells u t birds appe>$ be=e reptiles2 ,geology tells u t reptiles exi/$ fir/4 ,g5esis tells u t life exi/$ fir/ ^u ! l&2 ,geology tells u t ! sea teem$ ) animal & vegetable life ages be=e x appe>$ ^u ! l&4 ,! sev5 ages ( ,geology comprise tw5ty-five geological p]iods4 ,g5esis recognizes b six p]iods 9 ! creation ( ! entire univ]se2 ,geology recognizes tw5ty-five p]iods 9 ! =mation ( e>?'s cru/ alone4 ,accord+ to ,bible *ronology1 ! univ]se is less ?an six ?\s& ye>s old2 accord+ to ,geology1 ! m]e exi/5ce ( life ^u e>?'s cru/1 :i* is z b a day comp>$ ) ! exi/5ce ( ! univ]se1 is probably ne>ly fifty millions ( ye>s4 ,dr4 ,dana says3 ,if "t f ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,silurian includ$ #dh millions ( ye>s1 :i* "s geologi/s w\ld pron\nce mu* too l[ an e/imate1 ! ,paleozoic "p ,silurian1 ,devonian1 & ,c>bonif]\s1 accord+ to ! above ratio1 w\ld comprise #cf millions1 ! ,mesozoic ,reptilian #i millions1 & ! ,c5ozoic ,t]ti>y & ,quat]n>y #c millions 7,text ,book ( ,geology1 p4 #cbi74 ,:5 ,geology 0 9 its infancy sci5ti/s attempt$ to reconcile its tea*+s ) ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible4 ,no sci5ti/ wor?y ( ! "n attempts to reconcile !m n[4 ,writ+ ov] ?irty ye>s ago1 ,c>l ,vogt ?us records ! triumph ( ,geology ov] ,g5esis3 ,x is h>dly tw5ty ye>s s9ce ,i le>n$ f ,agassiz3 transitional /rata1 palozoic =mations--k+dom ( fi%es2 !re are no reptiles 9 ?is p]iod1 & _c be any1 because x w\ld be contr>y to ! plan ( creation2 second>y =mations 7,trias1 ,jura1 *alk7--k+dom ( reptiles2 !re are no mammals & _c be any1 = ! same reason2 t]ti>y /rata--k+dom ( mammals2 !re are no m5 & _c be any2 pres5t creation--k+dom ( man4 ,:at is become ( ?is plan ( creation1 ) its exclusiv5ess8 ,reptiles 9 ! ,devonian /rata1 reptiles 9 ! coal1 reptiles 9 ! ,dyas4 ,f>ewell1 k+dom ( fi%6 ,mammals 9 ! ,jura1 mammals 9 ,purbeck *alk1 :i* "s reckon z ! l[e/ *alk =mation2 good-by1 k+dom ( reptiles6 ,m5 9 ! highe/ t]ti>y /rata1 m5 9 ! diluvial =ms--au revoir1 k+dom ( mammals6 ,geography4 ,! _w also %all be /able1 t x be n mov$ 7#a ,*ron4 xvi1 #cj74 ,:o laid ! f\ndations ( ! e>? t x %\ld n be remov$ =ev] 7,ps4 civ1 #e74 ,= ! pill>s ( ! e>? are ! ,"l's1 & he ha? set ! _w ^u !m 7#a ,sam4 ii1 #h74 ,i saw f\r angels /&+ on ! f\r corn]s ( ! e>? 7,rev4 vii1 #a74 ,! devil take? him up into an exce$+ high m\nta91 & %ewe? him all ! k+doms ( ! _w 7,matt4 iv1 #h74 ,! sci5ce ( ,geography describes ! e>? z sph]ical 9 =m1 ) a daily revolution on its axis & an annual revolution ar\nd ! sun4 ,! ,bible describes x z /able1 flat1 & angul>4 ,& a riv] w5t out ( ,ed5 to wat] ! g>d52 & f !nce x 0 p>t$1 & became into f\r heads4 ,! "n ( ! fir/ is ,pison ,indus or ,ganges 7,g54 ii1 #aj1 #aa74 ,& ! "n ( ! second riv] is ,gihon ,nile3 ! same is x t compasse? ! :ole l& ( ,e?iopia4 ,& ! "n ( ! ?ird riv] is ,hiddekel ,tigris3 444 ,& ! f\r? riv] is ,euphrates 7ii1 #ac1 #ad74 ,bible geography makes ! ,nile & ! ,euphrates bo? bran*es ( ! same riv]4 ,!n come? he to a city ( ,sam>ia1 :i* is call$ ,sy*> 7,john iv1 #e74 ,sam>ia conta9$ no city ( ?is "n4 ,^! ?+s 7 done 9 ,be?any beyond ,jordan 7,john i1 #bh1 ,new ,v]474 ,be?any 0 a suburb ( ,j]usalem & n locat$ beyond ! ,jordan4 ,he dep>t$ f ,galilee1 & came into ! coa/s ( ,judea beyond ,jordan 7,matt4 xix1 #a74 ,! dead sea & ! ,jordan =m$ ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( ,judea1 & no coa/s ( ,judea exi/$ beyond ! ,jordan4 ,:i* 0 ( ,be?saida ( ,galilee 7,john xii1 #ba74 ,be?saida 0 n ( ,galilee1 b ( ,p]ea4 ,botany4 ,& ! e>? br\ght =? grass1 & h]b yield+ se$ aft] 8 k9d1 & ! tree yield+ fruit1 ^: se$ 0 9 itself1 aft] 8 k9d 7,g54 i1 #ab74 ,& ! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! ?ird day 7i1 #ac74 ,& ,god made two great lights2 ! great] light to rule ! day 7i1 #af74 ,& ! ev5+ & ! morn+ 7 ! f\r? day 7i1 #ai74 ,! ,bible /ates t ! e>? 0 cov]$ ) vegetation1 t grass & h]bs & trees fl\ri%$ )\t ! heat & light ( ! sun4 ,sci5ce d5ies x4 ,curs$ is ! gr\nd = ?y sake4444 ,?orns also & ?i/les %all x br+ =? to !e 7,g54 iii1 #ag1 #ah74 ,?orns & ?i/les are repres5t$ z result+ f a curse4 ,!y are no m ! result ( a curse ?an are grapes & corn4 ,& aga9 he s5t =? ! dove out ( ! ark2 & ! dove came 9 to him 9 ! ev5+2 &1 lo1 9 h] m\? 0 an olive leaf pluck$ (f 7,g54 viii1 #aj1 #aa74 ,hebrew comm5tators /ate t x 0 a fre% olive leaf4 ,! ,bible writ] supposes t ! e>? c\ld be subm]g$ = ne>ly a ye> )\t ! vegetable k+dom be+ de/roy$4 ,_h ?is deluge really occurr$1 all vegetation1 save1 p]haps1 a few aquatic plants1 w\ld h di$4 ,he plante? an a%1 & ! ra9 do? n\ri% x 7,is4 xliv1 #ad74 ,n 9 ,we/]n ,asia1 = ! tree does n gr[ !re4 ,bible comm5tators believe t ! p9e is meant4 ,! au?ors ( ,g5esis 7xxx1 #cg7 & ,ezekiel 7xxxi1 #h7 bo? m5tion ! *e/nut-tree4 ,b x is admitt$ t ! *e/nut did n gr[ :]e !y /at$4 ,ref]r+ to ?is error1 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,! 'plane-tree' ought probably to h be5 sub/itut$4 ,! context ( ! passages :]e ! ^w occurs indicates "s tree :i* ?rives be/ 9 l[ & r moi/ situations1 :]eas ! *e/nut-tree is a tree :i* pref]s dry & hilly gr\nd4 ,except a corn ( :eat fall into ! gr\nd & die1 x abide? alone3 b if x die1 x br+e? =? mu* fruit 7,john xii1 #bd74 ,if x die x br+e? =? no fruit4 ,zoology4 ,( clean bea/s1 & ( bea/s t are n clean1 & ( f[ls1 & ( ev]y?+ t creepe? ^u ! e>?1 !re w5t 9 two & two or by sev5s ( clean accord+ to ano!r acc\nt unto ,noah into ! ark 7,g54 vii1 #h1 #i74 ,! animal k+dom1 includ+ insects1 etc41 comprises m ?an #a1jjj1jjj species4 ,accord+ to ! ,bible1 two or m ( e species f e clime--pol> animals accu/om$ to a temp]ature ( fifty degrees bel[ z]o1 & tropical1 to "o hundr$ degrees above--7 br\ght toge!r & pres]v$ = a ye> 9 an ark4 ,if ! tea*+s ( ,natural ,hi/ory be true1 ?is ,bible /ory is false4 ,! ,bible pron\nces unclean & unfit = food ! foll[+ animals3 ,! camel1 because he *ewe? ! cud1 b divide? n ! ho( 7,lev4 xi1 #d74 ,! coney1 because he *ewe? ! cud1 b divide? n ! ho( 7xi1 v74 ,! h>e1 because he *ewe? ! cud1 b divide? n ! ho( 7xi1 #f74 ,! sw9e1 ?\gh he divide? ! ho(1 & be clov5-foot$1 yet he *ewe? n ! cud 7xi1 #g74 ,e /atem5t proclaims ! writ]'s ignorance ( ! simple facts ( ,zoology4 ,! camel does divide ! ho(2 ! coney does n *ew ! cud2 ! h>e does n *ew ! cud2 ! sw9e is n clov5-foot$ 7bisulcate71 b f\r-to$4 ,all rum9ants h ! foot cleft1 & !y only h x4--,cuvi]4 ,e "o ( ! f\r in/ances or illu/rations br\ght =w>d by ! ,biblical writ] is necess>ily errone\s2 any attempt at def5d+ !m implies an impot5t /ruggle aga9/ ,sci5ce4--,dr4 ,kalis*4 ,sc>cely less errone\s are ! foll[+ passages3 ,& ^! are !y :i* ye %all h 9 abom9ation among ! f[ls3 444 ! /ork1 ! h]on aft] h] k9d1 & ! lapw+ & ! bat4 ,all f[ls t creep1 go+ ^u all f\r1 %all be an abom9ation unto y4 ,yet ^! may ye eat ( e fly+ creep+ ?+ t goe? ^u all f\r1 :i* h legs above _! feet1 to leap )al ^u ! e>?2 ,ev5 ^! ( !m may ye eat3 ! locu/ aft] 8 k9d1 & ! bald locu/ aft] 8 k9d1 & ! beetle aft] 8 k9d1 & ! gras%opp] aft] 8 k9d4 ,b all o!r fly+ creep+ ?+s1 :i* h f\r feet1 %all be an abom9ation unto y 7,lev4 xi1 #ac-bc74 ,& ! ,"l said unto ! s]p5t1 ,because ?\ ha/ done ?is1 ?\ art curs$ above all cattle1 & above e bea/ ( ! field2 ^u ?y belly %alt ?\ g1 & du/ %alt ?\ eat all ! days ( ?y life 7,g54 iii1 #ad74 ,! s]p5t does n eat du/1 :ile ,sci5ce %[s t x crawl$ ^u its belly be=e ! curse j z x did aft]w>d4 ,e?nology4 ,accord+ to ! ,bible1 all mank9d h sprung f a s+le pair creat$ by ,god six ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,sci5ce does n admit t man is ! result ( a div9e creative act1 t all ! races h desc5d$ f a s+le pair1 or t 8 exi/5ce "h is conf9$ to ! brief p]iod ( sixty c5turies4 ,%e is n able to tell yet1 ev5 approximately1 :5 man's adv5t ^u ! e>? occurr$1 b %e has long s9ce prov$ ! ,biblical record false1 & %[n t in/ead ( 8 hav+ occupi$ ! e>? b six ?\s& ye>s he has be5 "h at ! lea/ f t5 to fifty times six ?\s& ye>s4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,biblical orig9 ( man1 ,pr(essor ,huxley says3 ,five-six?s ( ! public are taught ?is ,adamitic monog5ism z if x 7 an e/abli%$ tru?1 & believe x4 ,i d n2 & ,i am n acqua9t$ ) any man ( sci5ce1 or duly in/ruct$ p]son1 :o does 7,me?ods & ,results ( ,e?nology74 ,!re 7 giants 9 ! e>? 9 ^? days 7,g54 vi1 #d74 ,! ,bible1 l ! my?ical records ( o!r e>ly nations1 repres5ts ! e>? z peopl$ ) a race ( giants4 ,yet ! /ature ( man is z great to-day z x 0 five ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,& all ! days t ,adam liv$ 7 n9e hundr$ & ?irty ye>s 7,g54 v1 #e74 ,! ,bible says t = a p]iod ( two ?\s& ye>s m5 liv$ = c5turies1 t at lea/ sev5 patri>*s atta9$ to an age ( ne>ly #a1jjj ye>s4 ,! ,egyptian records ( t p]iod %[ t man's longevity 0 no great] !n ?an x is n[4 ,n only ! size & age ( m51 b _! numb]s are exagg]at$ by ,bible writ]s4 ,! ,israelites1 at ! "t !y settl$ 9 ,pale/9e1 numb]$1 x is claim$1 two or ?ree millions4 ,out ( ?is c\ntry1 to make room = !m1 ,god ca/ sev5 nations great] & mighti] ?an ! ,israelite nation 7,deut4 vii1 #a74 ,pale/9e mu/ !n h su/a9$ a population z great z ,spa9 does n[ ) a t]ritory ?irty times z l>ge4 ,! c5sus ( ,israel & ,judah1 tak5 9 ! "t ( ,david1 places ! numb] ( w>riors at #a1egj1jjj 7#a ,*4 xxi1 #e74 ,?is makes ! :ole population twice z great z t ( ,ill9ois ) an area n9e times z l>ge z ,pale/9e & a soil t5 times z f]tile4 ,& ! :ole e>? 0 ( "o language1 & ( "o spee* 7,g54 xi1 #a73 ,let u g d[n1 & !re conf\nd _! language1 t !y may n und]/& "o ano!r's spee* 7,g54 xi1 #g74 ,! orig9 ( ! v>i\s languages ( m5 is "h attribut$ to a miracul\s confusion ( tongues4 ,sci5ce %[s t languages _h no su* orig94 ,r5an says3 ,f> f plac+ unity at ! beg9n+ ( language1 x is necess>y to look at su* a unity z ! sl[ & t>dy result ( an advanc$ civilization4 ,9 ! beg9n+ !re 7 z _m dialects z families4 ,?is ,bible acc\nt ( ! confusion ( tongues is contradict$ by ! prec$+ *apt] ( ,g5esis 7x1 #e1 #bj1 #ca71 :i*1 ref]r+ to ! *ildr5 ( ,japhe?1 ,ham1 & ,%em1 says !y 7 divid$ e "o aft] 8 tongue1 aft] _! families1 aft] _! tongues4 ,physiology4 ,& ! ark re/$ 9 ! sev5? mon? 444 ^u ! m\nta9s ( ,ar>at 7,g54 viii1 #d74 ,& 9 ! second mon? ( ! foll[+ ye> 0 ! e>? dri$ 7viii1 #ad74 ,"h on ! top ( ,ar>at1 ?ree miles above ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 & ?ree ?\s& feet above ! region ( p]petual sn[1 = mon?s1 ! respiratory organs ( man & all ! animals ( e>? p]=m$ _! functions )\t difficulty6 ,:]e=e ?9k ye evil 9 y\r he>ts8 7,matt4 ix1 #d74 ,:at reason ye 9 y\r he>ts8 7,luke v1 #bb74 ,jesus recognizes ! he>t z ! seat ( reason & intellig5ce4 ,9 sorr[ %alt ?\ br+ =? *ildr5 7,g54 iii1 #af74 ,%e 0 f\nd ) *ild ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 7,matt4 i1 #ah74 ,come out ( ! man1 ?\ unclean _s 7,m>k v1 #h74 ,& ! pray] ( fai? %all save ! sick 7,james v1 #ae74 ,attribut+ ! pa9s ( p>turition to a curse1 record+ ! g5]ation ( a *ild )\t a natural fa!r1 ascrib+ n]v\s & o!r disord]s to demons1 & heal+ ! sick by pray] are ,biblical1 b n sci5tific4 ,& all ! fir/-born males ( ,israel 444 7 tw5ty & two ?\s& two hundr$ & ?ree score & ?irte5 7,num4 iii1 #dc74 ,z ! population ( ,israel 0 ab\t #c1jjj1jjj1 ?is w\ld give #acj p]sons to ea* family & an av]age ( #abh *ildr5 to ea* "m4 ,fai? may accept ?is1 b physiological sci5ce rejects x4 ,*emi/ry4 ,& he lift$ up ! rod & smote ! wat]s t 7 9 ! riv]1 444 & all ! wat]s t 7 9 ! riv] 7 turn$ to blood 7,ex4 vii1 #bj74 ,jesus sai? unto !m1 ,fill ! wat]-pots ) wat]4 ,& !y fill$ !m up to ! brim4 ,& he sai? unto !m1 ,draw out n[ & be> unto ! gov]nor ( ! fea/4 ,& !y b>e x4 ,:5 ! rul] ( ! fea/ _h ta/$ ! wat] t 0 made w9e1 etc4 7,john ii1 #g-i74 ,b 8 wife look$ back f beh9d him1 & %e became a pill> ( salt 7,g54 xix1 #bf74 ,& he took ! gold5 calf :i* !y _h made & burnt x 9 ! fire1 & gr\nd x to p[d]1 & /rew$ x ^u ! wat]1 & made ! *ildr5 ( ,israel dr9k ( x 7,ex4 xxxii1 #bj74 ,turn+ a riv] into blood1 wat] into w9e1 fle% into salt1 & burn+ & gr9d+ gold into p[d] & hold+ x 9 solution1 _c be h>moniz$ ) ! tea*+s ( sci5ce4 ,b x is n m]ely to a few ,biblical passages1 to a few s-call$ miracul\s *anges 9 ! elem5ts ( nature1 t ! sci5ce ( *emi/ry is oppos$4 ,x is oppos$ to ! entire ,bible z a div9e revelation4 ,! c5tral ideas ( ?is book1 a ,creator1 a ,provid5ce1 & a ,m$iator1 are all ov]?r[n by ?is sci5ce4 ,ref]r+ to ?is1 ,comte tru?fully obs]ves3 ,h[ev] imp]fect our *emical sci5ce is1 its developm5t has op]at$ l>gely 9 ! emancipation ( ! human m9d4 ,its opposition to all !ological philosophy is m>k$ by two g5]al facts1 444 fir/ ! prevision ( ph5om5a1 & next our volunt>y modification ( !m 7,positive ,philosophy1 ,book ,,iv41 *ap4 i74 ,9 ?is way1 ,*emi/ry effectually discr$its ! notion ( ! rule ( ,provid5tial w among its ph5om5a4 ,b !re is ano!r way 9 :i* x acts no less /rongly3 by aboli%+ ! idea 444 ( creation 9 nature 7,ibid74 ,physics4 ,i d set my b[ 9 ! cl\d1 & x %all be = a tok5 ( a cov5ant betwe5 me & ! e>?4 ,& x %all come to pass1 :5 ,i br+ a cl\d ov] ! e>?1 t ! b[ %all be se5 9 ! cl\d3 & ,i w rememb] my cov5ant1 :i* is betwe5 me & y & e liv+ creature ( all fle%2 & ! wat]s %all no m become a flood1 to de/roy all fle% 7,g54 ix1 #ac-ae74 ,! ,bible writ] did n "k t x 0 ! refraction & reflection ( ! sun's rays on ! drops ( wat] :i* produc$ ! prismatic colors ( ! ra9b[2 he did n "k t ! ph5om5on 0 z old z ra9 & sun%9e1 b believ$ x to be a po/diluvian sign ?r[n on ! d>k canvas ( cl\ds by ! ,almighty4 ,x seems pla91 says ! ,bi%op ( ,natal1 t ! writ] supposes ! b[ to h be5 se5 = ! fir/ "t :5 ! deluge 0 ov]4 ,! words :i* ,moses spake unto all ,israel 7,deut4 i1 #a74 ,& ,moses call$ all ,israel & said unto !m 7v1 #a74 ,!re 0 n a ^w ( all t ,moses comm&$1 :i* ,jo%ua read n be=e all ! congregation ( ,israel 7,jo%4 viii1 #ce74 ,nature's temple mu/ h possess$ wond]ful ac\/ic prop]ties to enable ,moses & ,jo%ua to rea* ! e>s ( a multitude ( ?ree millions4 ,let u build a city1 & a t[]1 ^: top may rea* unto heav5 7,g54 xi1 #d74 ,god himself1 ignorant ( pneumatics1 believes ! project possible1 & conf\nds _! language to prev5t x4 ,& ! wat]s 7 divid$4 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel w5t into ! mid/ ( ! sea ^u ! dry gr\nd3 & ! wat]s 7 z a wall unto !m on ! "r h&1 & on _! left 7,ex4 xiv1 #ba1 #bb74 ,a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( hydro/atics is ! foll[+3 ,:5 a pressure is ex]t$ on any "p ( ! surface ( a liquid1 t pressure is transmitt$ undim9i%$ to all p>ts ( ! mass1 & 9 all directions4 ,ma!matics4 ,= !re are ?ree t be> record 9 heav51 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,^w1 & ! ,holy ,gho/3 & ^! ?ree are "o 7#a ,john v1 #g74 ,! incompreh5sible j>gon ( ! ,tr9it>ian ari?metic1 t ?ree are "o & "o is ?ree6--,?omas ,jeff]son4 ,mat!w concludes 8 g5ealogy ( ,jesus z foll[s3 ,s all ! g5]ations f ,abraham to ,david are f\rte5 g5]ations2 & f ,david until ! c>ry+ away into ,babylon are f\rte5 g5]ations2 & f ! c>ry+ away into ,babylon unto ,*ri/ are f\rte5 g5]ations 7,matt4 i1 #ag74 ,?is g5ealogy1 includ+ bo? ,abraham & ,jesus1 conta9s b =ty-"o g5]ations4 ,"h we h an inspir$ s*ol> p]=m+ ! ma!matical solution ( divid+ =ty-"o g5]ations by ?ree & obta9+ f\rte5 g5]ations = a quoti5t4 ,! :ole congregation toge!r 0 =ty & two ?\s& ?ree hundr$ & ?ree score 7,ezra ii1 #fd74 ,?is numb]1 #db1cfj1 is giv5 z ! :ole numb] ( p]sons belong+ to ! families t return$ f ,babylon4 ,add+ toge!r ! numb]s giv5 9 ! c5sus regi/]1 ( :i* ! above is decl>$ to be ! sum total1 we f9d ! :ole numb] to be only #bi1hah--;a diff]5ce & a discrepancy ( #ab1edb4 ,! =ego+ are b ?ree ( ?ree hundr$ ma!matical errors to be f\nd 9 ! ,bible4 ,x is n m]ely 9 a few unimportant sci5tific details1 b 9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! mo/ important sci5ces--( a/ronomy1 ( geology1 ( geography1 & ( man--t ! ,bible errs4 ,its writ]s ev9ce no div9e k ( ! facts ( nature4 ,_! works exhibit ! crude notions ( ! age 9 :i* !y liv$4 ,"s ( _! tea*+s are 9 h>mony ) ! accept$ tru?s ( ,sci5ce2 b ^! prove no m ?an a human orig94 ,! wise/ ( mank9d d n "k all2 ! mo/ ignorant "k some?+4 ,:ile !re are ph5om5a too complex = ! m9d ( a ,newton or a ,d>w9 to grasp1 !re are o!rs reg>d+ :i* ! fir/ impressions ( a *ild are correct4 ,to ass]t t ! ,bible is 9 h>mony ) ! tea*+s ( ,mod]n ,sci5ce is to ass]t t no advancem5t has be5 made 9 ,sci5ce = two ?\s& ye>s1 :5 all "k t _m ( ! mo/ m>vel\s sci5tific discov]ies are less ?an two hundr$ ye>s old4 ,! sci5tific atta9m5ts ( ,bible writ]s 7 n above ^? ( ! age & c\ntry 9 :i* !y liv$1 & probably f> bel[2 = ! ,bible is l>gely ! "w ( !ologians1 & !ologians h ev] be5 beh9d _! age 9 sci5tific k4 ,! mission ( !ologians is n to advance1 b to ret>d ,sci5ce4 ,!y h wag$ a rel5tless b ineffective w>f>e aga9/ x4 ,9 ! words ( ,huxley3 ,ext+ui%$ !ologians lie ab\t ! cradle ( e sci5ce1 z ! /rangl$ snakes beside t ( ,h]cules4 ,! ,hebrew ,p5tateu*1 says ,g]ald ,massey1 has n only ret>d$ ! gr[? ( sci5ce = eighte5 c5turies1 b ! ignorant believ]s 9 x z a book ( revelation h tri$ to /rangle e sci5ce at its bir?4 ,!re c\ld be & 0 b little or no progress 9 ,a/ronomy1 ,geology1 ,biology1 or ,sociology until its tea*+s 7 repudiat$ by ! m enlight5$ among m54 ,( ! ,bible & ,sci5ce ?us writes ,am]ica's em95t sci5ti/ & au?or1 ,dr4 ,john ,w4 ,drap]3 ,x is to be regrett$ t ! ,*ri/ian *ur* has burd5$ itself ) ! def5se ( ^! books1 & volunt>ily made itself answ]able = _! manife/ contradictions & errors4444 ,/ill m1 x is to be deeply regrett$ t ! ,p5tateu*1 a production s imp]fect z to be unable to /& ! t\* ( mod]n criticism1 %\ld be put =? z ! arbit] ( sci5ce 7,conflict ,betwe5 ,religion & ,sci5ce1 p4 #bbe74 ,! _w is n to be discov]$ ?r\gh ! va9 traditions t h br\ght d[n to u ! op9ions ( m5 :o liv$ 9 ! morn+ ( civilization1 nor 9 ! dreams ( my/ics :o ?\ght t !y 7 inspir$ 7,ibid1 p4 #cc74 ,= h] ,sci5ce ! volume ( inspiration is ! book ( ,nature1 ( :i* ! op5 scroll is ev] spread =? be=e ! eyes ( e man4 ,confront+ all1 x ne$s no societies = its dissem9ation4 ,inf9ite 9 ext5t1 et]nal 9 duration1 human ambition & human fanaticism h nev] be5 able to tamp] ) x4 ,on ! e>? x is illu/rat$ by all t is magnific5t & beautiful1 on ! heav5s its lett]s are suns & worlds 7,ib41 p4 #bbg74 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,prophecies4 ,prophecy is a demon/ration ( div9e k2 z miracles1 9 ! re/rict$ acceptation ( ! ^w1 are a demon/ration ( div9e p[]4 ,prophecies be+ true1 revelation is e/abli%$ z a fact4--,kei?4 ,! pr$ictions respect+ ,*ri/ are s cle>1 s detail$ & circum/antial1 z to con/itute toge!r "o ( ! mo/ important pro(s ( ! inspiration ( ! ,bible & ( ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity4--,hit*cock4 ,a prophet1 accord+ to ! or?odox & popul> signification ( ! t]m1 is "o :o pr$icts4 ,a prophecy is a pr$iction1 & ! writ+s ( ! prophets are a collection ( pr$ictions reg>d+ future ev5ts4 ,prophet & prophecy1 z us$ 9 ! ,bible1 h no su* mean+4 ,! prophet might make a pr$iction1 j z any "o may make a pr$iction1 b ?is 0 n necess>ily any "p ( 8 (fice4 ,! functions ( ! prophet 7 ^? ( prea*]1 poet1 & musician4 ,!re 7 n m]ely a score ( !m1 b ?\s&s ( !m4 ,! m tal5t$ prophets became au?ors--compos$ ! poems1 record$ ! hi/ory1 & wrote ! religi\s works ( ! ,hebrews4 ,"s ( ^! prophets 7 moral re=m]s--labor$ e>ne/ly to re=m _! p4 ,! wick$ 7 exhort$ to =sake _! s9s1 & ?reat5$ ) div9e retribution if !y did n4 ,:5 _! c\ntrym5 7 9 bondage !y consol$ !m ) ! promise t ,god w\ld lib]ate !m4 ,! oppress$ & ! captive long$ = a deliv]]4 ,! prophet gave utt]ance to ^! long+s1 & ?is gave bir? to ! ,messianic idea4 ,! m important ( ^! s-call$ prophecies w n[ be exam9$4 #a4 ,& ,babylon1 ! glory ( k+doms1 ! beauty ( ! ,*aldees' excell5cy1 %all be z :5 ,god ov]?rew ,sodom & ,gomorrah4 ,x %all nev] be inhabit$1 nei!r %all x be dwelt 9 f g5]ation to g5]ation2 nei!r %all ! ,arabian pit* t5t !re2 nei!r %all ! %eph]ds make _! fold !re4 ,b wild bea/s ( ! des]t %all lie !re2 & _! h\ses %all be full ( doleful creatures2 & owls %all dwell !re1 & satyrs %all dance !re4 ,& ! wild bea/s ( ! isl&s %all cry 9 _! desolate h\ses1 & dragons 9 _! pleasant palaces2 & h] "t is ne> to come1 & h] days %all n be prolong$ 7,isaiah xiii1 #ai-bb74 ,_h ?is prophecy be5 lit]ally fulfill$1 x w\ld n h ev9c$ sup]natural presci5ce on ! "p ( ! prophet4 ,x is ! fate ( cities to fl\ri% = a "t & !n decay4 ,! _w conta9s ! ru9s1 n ( ,babylon alone1 b ( a ?\s& cities4 ,! enemies ( ,babylon wi%$ = & hop$ = its de/ruction4 ,! prophet voic$ t wi% & hope4 ,p]haps at t v mom5t ! victori\s armies ( ! ,p]sian 7 level+ its walls4 ,b ?is prophecy has n be5 lit]ally fulfill$4 ,babylon 0 n z :5 ,god ov]?rew ,sodom & ,gomorrah2 x has be5 inhabit$2 x has be5 dwelt 9 f g5]ation to g5]ation2 ! ,arabian has pit*$ 8 t5t !re2 %eph]ds h made _! fold !re2 satyrs h n danc$ !re2 dragons h n occupi$ h] palaces2 h] days 7 prolong$4 ,! anci5t glory ( ,babylon has fad$1 b a ?riv+ city /ill exi/s !re1 a /&+ refutation ( ! claim t ,isaiah's prophecy has be5 fulfill$4 #b4 ,= ?us sai? ! ,"l ,god3 ,behold ,i w br+ ^u ,tyrus ,nebu*adrezz> ,nebu*adnezz>1 k+ ( ,babylon4444 ,) ! ho(s ( 8 horses %all he tread d[n all ?y /reets3 he %all slay ?y p by ! sword1 & ?y /rong g>rison %all g d[n to ! gr\nd4 ,& !y %all make a spoil ( ?y ri*es1 & make a prey ( ?y m]*&ise4444 ,& ,i w make !e l ! top ( a rock3 ?\ %alt be a place to spread nets ^u2 ?\ %alt be built no m3 = ,i ! ,"l h spok5 x 7,ezekiel xxvi1 #g1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad74 ,"h is a specific pr$iction4 ,b x 0 n fulfill$4 ,nebu*adnezz> did n de/roy1 nor ev5 conqu]1 ,tyre4 ,he r$uc$ ! :ole sea coa/ except ,tyre1 :i* /ood a ?irte5 ye>s' siege by wat] & by l&1 end+1 n 9 subjection1 b 444 leav+ ! native sov]eigns on _! ?rones & _! weal? & p[] unt\*$ 7,*amb]s's ,encyclop$ia74 ,a ?\s& ye>s aft] ,ezekiel utt]$ 8 prophecy1 ,j]ome1 ! =emo/ ,*ri/ian ( 8 age1 decl>$ x to be ! mo/ noble & beautiful city 9 ,pho5icia4 ,tw5ty-f\r hundr$ ye>s h pass$1 & ,tyre /ill survives4 #c4 ,behold1 ,damascus is tak5 away f be+ a city1 & x %all be a ru9\s heap 7,isaiah xvii1 #a74 ,?is prophecy 0 spok5 ne>ly tw5ty-sev5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 & yet dur+ all ^! c5turies ,damascus has fl\ri%$1 & is to-day ! mo/ prosp]\s city ( ,we/]n ,asia4 #d4 ,& ,i w make ! l& ( ,egypt utt]ly wa/e & desolate1 f ! t[] ( ,sy5e ev5 unto ! bord]s ( ,e?iopia4 ,no foot ( man %all pass ?r\gh x1 nor foot ( bea/ %all pass ?r\gh x1 nei!r %all x be inhabit$ =ty ye>s 7,ezekiel xxix1 #aj1 #aa74 ,?is & a score ( o!r prophecies conc]n+ ,egypt h nev] be5 fulfill$4 #e4 ,= ?us ,amos sai?1 ,j]oboam %all die by ! sword1 & ,israel %all surely be l$ away captive out ( _! own l& 7,amos vii1 #aa74 ,j]oboam did n n die by ! sword1 & ,israel 0 n l$ away captive1 z pr$ict$4 ,& ! ,"l said n t he w\ld blot out ! "n ( ,israel f "u heav53 b he sav$ !m by ! h& ( ,j]oboam ! son ( ,joa%4 ,n[ ! re/ ( ! acts ( ,j]oboam & all t he did1 & 8 might1 h[ he w>r$1 & h[ he recov]$ ,damascus & ,hama?1 :i* belong$ to ,judah1 = ,israel1 are !y n writt5 9 ! book ( ! ,*ronicles ( ! ,k+s ( ,israel8 ,& ,j]oboam slept ) 8 fa!rs1 ev5 ) ! k+s ( ,israel 7#b ,k+s xiv1 #bg-bi74 #f4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ( ,jehoiakim k+ ( ,judah3 ,he %all h none to sit ^u ! ?rone ( ,david2 & 8 dead body %all be ca/ out 9 ! day to ! heat & 9 ! night to ! fro/ 7,j]emiah xxxvi1 #cj74 ,?is prophecy 0 n fulfill$4 ,s ,jehoiakim slept ) 8 fa!rs3 ,& ,jehoia*9 8 son reign$ 9 8 /ead 7#b ,k+s xxiv1 #f74 #g4 ,& ?is :ole l& %all be a desolation & an a/oni%m5t2 & ^! nations %all s]ve ! ,k+ ( ,babylon sev5ty ye>s 7,j]emiah xxv1 #aa74 ,x is n[ conc$$ by all critics t ! book ( ,j]emiah1 z a :ole1 0 n compos$ be=e ! ,captivity4 ,b ev5 if ^! words 7 utt]$ be=e ! ,captivity1 !y are fatal to ! claim ( ,bible in]rancy2 = ei!r ! prophecy 0 n fulfill$1 or ,bible hi/ory is false4 ,accord+ to ! hi/orical books ( ! ,bible1 ! ,captivity did n la/ sev5ty1 b only ab\t fifty ye>s4 ,ref]r+ to ?is & simil> prophecies1 ,mat!w ,arnold says3 ,! great prophecies ( ,isaiah & ,j]emiah are1 critics c n[ see1 n /rictly pr$ictions at all 7,lit]ature & ,dogma1 p1 #aad74 #h4 ,& ! ,"l %all scatt] !e among all p1 f ! "o end ( ! e>? ev5 unto ! o!r 7,deut4 xxviii1 #fd74 ,^! words 7 utt]$1 n z a prophecy1 b z a w>n+ or ?reat4 ,if !y obey ! ,"l's /atutes a long li/ ( bless+s are promis$2 if !y d n obey !m1 a hundr$ evils are ?reat5$1 among :i* is ! "o quot$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ dread$ & "o ( ! mo/ common calamities 9 t age 0 ! conque/ or disp]sion ( "o tribe or nation by ano!r4 ,9 an enum]ation ( all kn[n evils1 x w\ld be /range if ?is1 ! "o mo/ (t5 ?reat5$1 _h be5 omitt$4 #i4 ,behold1 a virg9 %all conceive1 & be> a son1 & %all call 8 "n ,immanuel 7,isaiah vii1 #ad74 ,?is is cit$ z a prophecy ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! only ?+ 9 x sugge/ive ( ! /ory ( ,jesus is ! ^w virg94 ,! ^w ?us translat$1 h[ev]1 does n necess>ily mean virg9 9 ! common acceptation ( ?is t]m1 b simply "y woman1 ei!r m>ri$ or s+le4 ,correct ?is error & ! text reads3 ,behold1 a "y woman %all conceive1 & be> a son4 ,all t is sugge/ive ( ! miracul\s conception vani%es4 ,b ?is is n ! only error4 ,! =ms ( ! v]bs h be5 *ang$4 ,! passage %\ld read z foll[s3 ,behold1 a "y woman is ) *ild & be>e? a son4 ,! woman 0 ) *ild :5 ! prophet wrote4 ,?is precludes ! possibility ( a ref]5ce to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,n only ?is1 ! context utt]ly =bids x4 ,all ! ev5ts nam$ by ! prophet1 includ+ ! bir? ( ?is *ild1 occurr$ m ?an sev5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/4 ,mi*aelis rejects ?is prophecy4 ,he says3 ,i _c be p]suad$ t ! fam\s prophecy 9 ,isaiah 7*ap4 vii1 #ad7 has ! lea/ ref]5ce to ! ,messiah4 #aj4 ,i w raise unto ,david a righte\s ,bran*1 & a ,k+ %all reign & prosp]1 & %all execute judgm5t & ju/ice 9 ! e>?4 ,9 8 days ,judah %all be sav$1 & ,israel %all dwell safely3 & ?is is 8 "n :]eby he %all be call$1 ,,! ,,"l ,,our ,,righte\sness 7,j]4 xxiii1 #e1 #f74 ,! correct r5d]+ ( ?is passage is z foll[s3 ,i w raise unto ,david a righte\s bran*1 & a k+ %all reign & prosp]1 & %all execute judgm5t & ju/ice 9 ! l&4 ,9 8 days ,judah %all be sav$1 & ,israel %all dwell safely2 & ?is is ! "n :]eby !y %all call !mselves3 ,! ,et]nal is our righte\sness4 ,9 ord] to make a ,messianic prophecy ( ?is passage & give x effect1 no less ?an eight pieces ( trick]y are employ$3 #a4 ,! ^w bran* is made to beg9 ) a capital lett]4 #b4 ,! ^w k+ also beg9s ) a capital4 #c4 ,! "n is r5d]$ 8 "n4 #d4 ,! pron\n !y1 relat+ to ! p ( ,judah & ,israel1 is *ang$ to he4 #e4 ,! ^w ,et]nal is translat$ ,"l4 #f4 ,! ,"l our righte\sness is pr9t$ 9 capitals4 #g4 ,9 ! table ( cont5ts at ! head ( ! *apt] are ! words ,*ri/ %all rule & save !m4 #h4 ,at ! top ( ! page are ! words ,*ri/ promis$4 #aa4 ,! sceptre %all n dep>t f ,judah1 444 until ,%iloh come2 & unto him %all ! ga!r+ ( ! p be 7,g54 xlix1 #aj74 ,! mean+ ( ,%iloh be+ some:at obscure1 x 0 made to apply to ,*ri/4 ,x is n[ kn[n t ,%iloh 0 ! national sanctu>y be=e ! ,jews occupi$ ,j]usalem4 ,a correct translation ( ! passage reads z foll[s3 ,! pre-em95ce %all n dep>t f ,judah s long z ! p resort to ,%iloh2 & ! nations %all obey him4 ,b ev5 if ! writ] meant ,! sceptre %all n dep>t f ,judah until ,*ri/ comes1 z claim$1 ! pr$iction 0 n fulfill$2 = ! sceptre dep>t$ f ,judah six hundr$ ye>s be=e ,*ri/ came4 #ab4 ,= unto u a *ild is born1 unto u a son is giv53 & ! gov]nm5t %all be ^u 8 %\ld]3 & 8 "n %all be decl>$ ,wond]ful1 ,c\nsellor1 ,! mighty ,god1 ! ev]la/+ ,fa!r1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace 7,isaiah ix1 #f74 ,?is passage1 ev5 if g5u9e1 is n applicable to ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b x is n g5u9e4 ,pr(essor ,*eyne1 ! highe/ au?ority on ,isaiah1 pron\nces x a =g]y4 #ac4 ,"k !re=e & und]/& t f ! go+ =? ( ! comm&m5t to re/ore & to build ,j]usalem1 unto ,messiah ! ,pr9ce1 %all be sev5 weeks1 & ?ree score & two weeks 7,daniel viii1 #be74 ,x is claim$ t week "h means a p]iod ( sev5 ye>s1 & assum$1 ( c\rse1 t by ,messiah is meant ,*ri/4 ,sev5 weeks & ?ree score & two weeks are sixty-n9e weeks1 or #dhc ye>s1 ! "t t 0 to elapse f ! comm& to rebuild ,j]usalem to ! com+ ( ,*ri/1 if ! prophecy 0 fulfill$4 ,! decree ( ,cyrus to rebuild ,j]usalem & ! temple 0 made #ecf ,b4,c4 ,accord+ to ! accept$ *ronology1 ,*ri/ 0 born #d ,b4,c4 ,f ! decree ( ,cyrus1 !n1 to ! com+ ( ,*ri/ 0 #ecb ye>s in/ead ( #dhc1 a p]iod ( sev5 weeks1 or =ty-n9e ye>s1 long] ?an t nam$ by ,daniel4 ,ezra1 ! prie/1 w5t to ,j]usalem #deg ,b4,c4 ,?is ev5t1 h[ev]1 _h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! decree = rebuild+ ,j]usalem & ! temple4 ,x occurr$ #gi ye>s aft] ! decree 0 issu$1 & #eh ye>s aft] ! temple 0 f9i%$4 ,b a se>*] = ,messianic prophecies f\nd t f ! "t ( ,ezra to ! beg9n+ ( ,*ri/'s m9i/ry 0 ab\t #dhc ye>s1 or #fi prophetic weeks2 & not)/&+ !re 0 a defici5cy ( #gi ye>s at "o end ( ! p]iod1 & an excess ( #cj ye>s at ! o!r1 x 0 decl>$ to fit exactly4 #ad4 ,! days %all come1 9 ! :i* !re %all n be left "o /one ( ! temple ^u ano!r1 t %all n be ?r[n d[n4 ,& !y %all fall by ! edge ( ! sword1 & %all be l$ away captive into all nations3 & ,j]usalem %all be trodd5 d[n ( ! ,g5tiles 7,luke xxi1 #f1 #bd74 ,x has be5 %[n t ! books conta9+ ?is s-call$ prophecy ( ,jesus 7 writt5 "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ! conque/ & de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 #ae4 ,! sun %all be d>k5$1 & ! moon %all n give h] light4 ,& ! />s ( heav5 %all fall1 & ! p[]s t are 9 heav5 %all be %ak54 ,& !n %all !y see ! ,son ( man com+ 9 ! cl\ds ) great p[] & glory4444 ,v]ily ,i say unto y1 ,t ?is g5]ation %all n pass1 till all ^! ?+s be done 7,m>k xiii1 #bd-bf1 #cj74 ,t g5]ation did pass1 & m ?an eighte5 c5turies h foll[$1 & yet ! ,son ( man has n come & ^! ?+s h n be5 done4 ,*ri/ 0 a false prophet4 #af4 ,& ! woman 0 array$ 9 purple & sc>let4444 ,& ^u h] =ehead 0 a "n writt51 ,my/]y1 ,babylon ! ,great1 ! ,"m ( ,h>lots 7,revelation xvii1 #d1 #e74 ,prote/ant *ur*es h no difficulty 9 recogniz+ 9 ?is ,"m ( ,h>lots ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 app>5tly =gett+ t !y are h] daught]s4 ,! foll[+1 relative to ,bible prophecies1 is f ! p5 ( ,william ,ra?bone ,greg3 ,a prophecy1 9 ! ord9>y acceptation ( ! t]m1 signifies a pr$iction ( future ev5ts :i* c\ld n h be5 =ese5 by human sagacity1 & ! k ( :i* 0 sup]naturally communicat$ to ! prophet4 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 t 9 ord] to e/abli% ! claim ( any anticipatory /atem5t1 promise1 or d5unciation to ! rank & title ( a prophecy1 f\r po9ts mu/ be asc]ta9$ ) precision1 viz41 :at ! ev5t 0 to :i* ! alleg$ pr$iction 0 int5d$ to ref]2 t ! pr$iction 0 utt]$ 9 specific1 n vague1 language be=e ! ev5t2 t ! ev5t took place specifically1 n loosely1 z pr$ict$2 & t x c\ld n h be5 =ese5 by human sagacity4 ,x is probably n too mu* to affirm t we h no in/ance 9 ! prophetical books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ( a pr$iction 9 ! case ( :i* we possess1 at once & comb9$1 cle> & unsuspici\s pro( ( ! date1 ! precise ev5t pr$ict$1 ! exact circum/ances ( t ev5t1 & ! inability ( human sagacity to =esee x4 ,!re is no case 9 :i* we c say ) c]ta9ty--ev5 :]e x is reasonable to suppose t ! pr$iction 0 utt]$ be=e ! ev5t--t ! n>rative has n be5 tamp]$ ) to suit ! pr$iction1 or ! pr$iction modifi$ to correspond ) ! ev5t 7,cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom1 pp4 #abh1 #aca47 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,miracles4 ,t curi\s volume ( exagg]at$ fiction kn[n z ! ,b>on ,mun*aus5 /ories has delight$ _m4 ,works ( ?is "* fill a legitimate place 9 lit]ature4 ,! humori/s h contribut$ mu* to ! heal? & happ9ess ( mank9d4 ,a *>m+ /ore ( wit & humor ( ! ,mun*aus5 v>iety is to be f\nd 9 ! ,bible4 ,"h are a ?\s& & "o /ories z m>vel\s & amus+ z are to be f\nd 9 ! :ole realm ( mod]n fiction4 ,un=tunately ^? :o pr(ess to value ?is book ! mo/ d]ive ! lea/ b5efit f x4 ,!y mi/ake ! mean+ & purpose ( its writ]s4 ,!y accept z facts its mo/ palpable fictions4 ,its mo/ laughable /ories are read ) ! mo/ solemn visages4 ,?is s]i\s me?od ( treat+ ! ridicul\s has produc$ an army ( morose dyspeptics :o mi/ake indige/ion = religion1 & intol]ance = virtue4 ,to af=d a little relaxation f ! dull] *apt]s ( ?is "w1 to furni% a few gra9s ( peps9 to aid 9 ! dige/ion ( a ,sunday d9n]1 a small collection ( ^! funny tales ( anci5t wits--! ,b>on ,mun*aus5 writ]s ( old times--is giv54 ,he :o c read !m )\t a smile mu/ be ei!r dull ( compreh5sion or )\t appreciation ( humor4 ,! ,fir/ ,cutlet4 ,,practical ,,joke ,,play$ ,,^u ,a ,,sleepy ,,man ,,by ,,8 ,,faceti\s ,,creator4 ,& ! ,"l ,god said1 ,x is n good t ! man %\ld be alone4 ,i w make him an help meet = him4444 ,& ! ,"l ,god caus$ a deep sleep to fall ^u ,adam1 & he slept2 & he took "o ( 8 ribs1 & clos$ up ! fle% in/ead !re(4 ,& ! rib :i* ! ,"l ,god _h tak5 f man1 made he a woman1 & br\ght h] unto ! man 7,g54 ii1 #ah1 #ba1 #bb74 ,! ,great ,fre%et4 ,a ,,/ory ,,calculat$ ,,to ,,p>alyze ,a ,,k5tucky ,,colonel4 ,! same day 7 all ! f\nta9s ( ! great deep brok5 up1 & ! w9d[s ( heav5 7 op5$4 ,& ! ra9 0 ^u ! e>? =ty days & =ty nights4444 ,& ! wat]s prevail$ exce$+ly ^u ! e>?2 & all ! high hills1 t 7 "u ! :ole heav51 7 cov]$4 ,fifte5 cubits upw>d did ! wat]s prevail2 & ! m\nta9s 7 cov]$ 7,g54 vii1 #aa1 #ab1 #ai1 #bj74 ,r+/reak$1 ,speckl$1 & ,spott$4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,pr5atal ,,influ5ces ,,laughably ,,burlesqu$4 ,& ,jacob took him rods ( gre5 popl>1 & ( ! hazel & *e/nut tree2 & pill$ :ite /reaks 9 !m1 & made ! :ite appe> :i* 0 9 ! rods4 ,& he set ! rods :i* he _h pill$ be=e ! flocks 9 ! gutt]s 9 ! wat]+ tr\ghs :5 ! flocks came to dr9k1 t !y %\ld conceive :5 !y came to dr9k4 ,& ! flocks conceiv$ be=e ! rods1 & br\ght =? cattle r+/reak$1 speckl$1 & spott$ 7,g54 xxx1 #cg-ci74 ,! ,wat]s ,7 ,divid$4 ,,moses ,,tells1 ,,) ,a ,,w9k1 ,,ab\t ,,! ,,/ronge/ ,,gale ,,( ,,w9d ,,kn[n ,,to ,,hi/ory4 ,& ,moses /ret*$ out 8 h& ov] ! sea2 & ! ,"l caus$ ! sea to g back by a /rong ea/ w9d all t night1 & made ! sea dry l&1 & ! wat]s 7 divid$4 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel w5t into ! mid/ ( ! sea ^u ! dry gr\nd2 & ! wat]s 7 a wall unto !m on _! "r h&1 & on _! left 7,ex4 xiv1 #ba1 #bb74 ,quails666 ,,! ,,mod]n ,,bird ,,hunt] ,,w ,,say3 ,i ,,love ,a ,,li>1 ,,b ,,?is ,,"o ,,suits ,,me ,,too ,,well6 ,& !re w5t =? a w9d f ! ,"l1 & br\ght quails f ! sea1 & let !m fall by ! camp1 z x 7 a day's j\rney on ?is side1 & z x 7 a day's j\rney on ! o!r side1 r\nd ab\t ! camp1 & z x 7 two cubits high ^u ! face ( ! e>?4 ,& ! p /ood up all t day1 & all t night1 & all ! next day1 & !y ga!r$ ! quails3 he t ga!r$ lea/ ga!r$ t5 hom]s ov] #ajj bu%els 7,num4 xi1 #ca1 #cb74 ,?ree ,good ,snake ,/ories4 ,,w9e ,,is ,a ,,mock]1 ,,/rong ,,dr9k ,,is ,,rag+4 ,& ! ,"l said unto him ,moses1 ,:at is t 9 ?9e h&8 ,& he said1 ,a rod4 ,& he said1 ,ca/ x on ! gr\nd4 ,& he ca/ x on ! gr\nd1 & x became a s]p5t2 & ,moses fl$ f be=e x4 ,& ! ,"l said unto ,moses1 ,put =? ?9e h&1 & take x by ! tail4 ,& he put =? 8 h&1 & caught x1 & x became a rod 9 8 h& 7,ex4 iv1 #b-d74 ,& ! ,"l s5t fi]y s]p5ts among ! p1 & !y bit ! p2 & mu* p ( ,israel di$4444 ,& ! ,"l said unto ,moses1 ,make !e a fi]y s]p5t1 & set x ^u a pole3 & x %all come to pass1 t e "o t is bitt51 :5 he looke? ^u x %all live4 ,& ,moses made a s]p5t ( brass1 & put x ^u a pole1 & x came to pass1 t if a s]p5t _h bitt5 any man1 :5 he beheld ! s]p5t ( brass1 he liv$ 7,num4 xxi1 #f1 #h1 #i74 ,& ,a>on ca/ d[n 8 rod be=e ,ph>aoh1 & be=e 8 s]vants1 & x became a s]p5t4 ,!n ,ph>aoh also call$ ! wise m5 & ! sorc]]s3 n[ ! magicians ( ,egypt1 !y also did 9 l mann] ) _! en*antm5ts4 ,= !y ca/ d[n e man 8 rod & !y became s]p5ts3 b ,a>on's rod swall[$ up _! rods 7,ex4 vii1 #aj-ab74 ,m ( ,a>on's ,tricks4 ,,includ+1 ,,among ,,o!rs1 ,,"o ,,v ,,l\sy ,,trick4 ,& he ,a>on lift$ up ! rod & smote ! wat]s t 7 9 ! riv]1 9 ! sight ( ,ph>aoh & 9 ! sight ( ! s]vants2 & all ! wat]s t 7 9 ! riv] 7 turn$ to blood 7,ex4 vii1 #bj74 ,& ,a>on /ret*$ out 8 h& ov] ! wat]s ( ,egypt2 & ! frogs came up & cov]$ ! l& ( ,egypt 7viii1 #f74 ,a>on /ret*$ out 8 h& ) 8 rod & smote ! du/ ( ! e>?1 & x became lice 9 man & 9 bea/2 all ! du/ ( ! l& became lice ?r\gh\t all ! l& ( ,egypt 7viii1 #ag74 ,! ,sun ,/ood ,/ill4 ,,is ,,n ,,?is ,,writt5 ,,9 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,ja%]8 ,& he ,jo%ua said 9 ! sight ( ,israel1 ,sun1 /& ?\ /ill ^u ,gibeon2 & ?\1 moon1 9 ! valley ( ,ajalon4 ,& ! sun /ood /ill1 & ! moon /ay$1 until ! p _h av5g$ !mselves ^u _! enemies4 ,is n ?is writt5 9 ! book ( ,ja%]8 ,s ! sun /ood /ill 9 ! mid/ ( heav51 & ha/$ n to g d[n ab\t a :ole day 7,jo%4 x1 #ab1 #ac74 ,samson's ,feats4 ,,z ,,describ$ ,,by ,,! ,,humori/ ,,:o ,,wrote ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,judges4 ,& he ,samson f\nd a new jawbone ( an ass1 & put =? 8 h& & took x1 & slew a ?\s& m5 !re)4 ,& ,samson said1 ,) ! jawbone ( an ass1 heaps ^u heaps1 ) ! jawbone ( an ass h ,i sla9 a ?\s& m5 7,judges xv1 #ae1 #af74 ,& ,samson w5t & caught ?ree hundr$ foxes1 & took firebr&s1 & turn$ tail to tail1 & put a firebr& 9 ! mid/ betwe5 two tails4 ,& :5 he _h set ! br&s on fire1 he let !m g into ! /&+ corn ( ! ,phili/9es & burnt up bo? ! %ocks1 & also ! /&+ corn1 ) ! v9ey>ds & olives 7,judges xv1 #d1 #e74 ,! ,loquaci\s ,ass4 ,,rem>ks ,,( ,a ,,quadrup$ ,,t ,,/ood ,,on ,,h] ,,record4 ,& ,balaam rose up 9 ! morn+1 & saddl$ 8 ass1 & w5t ) ! pr9ces ( ,moab4444 ,& :5 ! ass saw ! angel ( ! ,"l1 %e fell d[n "u ,balaam3 & ,balaam's ang] 0 k9dl$1 & he smote ! ass ) a /aff4 ,& ! ,"l op5$ ! m\? ( ! ass1 & %e said unto ,balaam1 ,:at h ,i done unto !e t ?\ ha/ smitt5 me ^! ?ree times8 ,& ,balaam said unto ! ass1 ,because ?\ ha/ mock$ me3 ,i w\ld !re 7 a sword 9 m9e h&1 = n[ w\ld ,i kill !e4 ,& ! ass said unto ,balaam1 ,am n ,i ?9e ass1 ^u :i* ?\ ha/ ridd5 ev] s9ce ,i 0 ?9e unto ?is day8 ,0 ,i ev] wont to d s unto !e8 ,& he said1 ,nay 7,num4 xxii1 #ba1 #bg-cj74 ,a ,be> ,/ory4 ,,edify+ ,,tale ,,( ,a ,,baldhead$ ,,man1 ,,"s ,,naughty ,,*ildr51 ,,& ,,two ,,be>s4 ,& he ,eli%a w5t up f !nce unto ,be?-el3 & z he 0 go+ up by ! way1 !re came =? little *ildr5 out ( ! city1 & mock$ him1 & said unto him1 ,g up1 ?\ baldhead2 g up1 ?\ baldhead4 ,& he turn$ back & look$ on !m1 & curs$ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4 ,& !re came =? two %e-be>s out ( ! wood1 & t>e =ty & two *ildr5 ( !m 7#b ,k+s ii1 #bc1 #bd74 ,! ,boy ,sneez$4 ,,h[ ,a ,,prophet',s ,,:isk]s ,,tickl$ ,a ,,%amm+ ,,kid ,,& ,,br\ght ,,him ,,out ,,( ,,8 ,,trance4 ,& :5 ,eli%a 0 come into ! h\se1 behold1 ! *ild 0 dead1 & laid ^u 8 b$4 ,& he w5t 9 !re=e1 & %ut ! door ^u !m twa91 & pray$ unto ! ,"l4 ,& he w5t up & lay ^u ! *ild1 & put 8 m\? ^u 8 m\?1 & 8 eyes ^u 8 eyes1 & 8 h&s ^u 8 h&s2 & he /ret*$ himself ^u ! *ild3 & ! fle% ( ! *ild wax$ w>m4 ,!n he return$1 & walk$ 9 ! h\se to & fro1 & w5t up1 & /ret*$ himself ^u him3 & ! *ild sneez$ sev5 times1 & ! *ild op5$ 8 eyes 7#b ,k+s1 iv1 #cb-ce74 ,%adra*1 ,me%a*1 & ,ab$-nego4 ,,?ree ,,( ,,satan',s ,,subject ,,a/oni% ,,! ,,(ficials ,,( ,,nebu*adnezz>4 ,^! m5 7 b\nd 9 _! coats1 _! hos51 & _! hats1 & _! o!r g>m5ts1 & 7 ca/ into ! mid/ ( ! burn+ fi]y furnace4444 ,& ! pr9ces1 gov]nors1 & capta9s1 & ! k+'s c\nselors1 be+ ga!r$ toge!r1 saw ^! m5 ^u ^: bodies ! fire _h no p[]1 nor 0 a hair ( _! head s+$1 nei!r 7 _! coats *ang$1 nor ! smell ( fire _h pass$ on !m 7,dan4 iii1 #ai1 #ba1 #bg74 ,take ,me ,up4 ,a ,,div]t+ ,,y>n1 ,,calculat$ ,,to ,,cause ,,mu* ,,m]rim5t ,,among ,,! ,,m>9es4 ,!n !y said unto him ,jonah1 ,:at %all we d unto !e t ! sea may be calm unto u8 = ! sea wr\ght & 0 tempe/u\s4 ,& he said unto !m1 ,take me up & ca/ me =? 9 ! sea4444 ,s !y took up ,jonah1 & ca/ him =? into ! sea2 & ! sea ceas$ f h] rag+4444 ,n[ ! ,"l _h prep>$ a great fi% to swall[ up ,jonah4 ,& ,jonah 0 9 ! belly ( ! fi% ?ree days & nights4444 ,& ! ,"l spake unto ! fi%1 & x vomit$ out ,jonah ^u ! dry l& 7,jonah i1 #aa-ag2 ii1 #aj74 ,! ,confid+ ,husb&4 ,a ,,timely ,,dream ,,saves ,,! ,,reputation ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,woman4 ,n[ ! bir? ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 on ?is wise3 ,:5 z 8 "m ,m>y 0 esp\s$ to ,joseph1 be=e !y came toge!r1 %e 0 f\nd ) *ild ( ! ,holy ,gho/4 ,!n ,joseph h] husb& be+ a j man1 & n wi%+ to make h] a public example1 0 m9d$ to put h] away privily4 ,b :ile he ?\ght on ^! ?+s1 behold ! angel ( ! ,"l appe>$ to him 9 a dream1 say+1 ,joseph1 ?\ son ( ,david1 fe> n to take unto !e ,m>y ?y wife3 = t :i* is conceiv$ 9 h] is ( ! ,holy ,gho/4444 ,!n ,joseph be+ rais$ f sleep did z ! angel ( ! ,"l _h bidd5 him1 & took unto him 8 wife2 & knew h] n till %e _h br\ght =? h] fir/-born son2 & he call$ 8 "n ,jesus 7,matt4 i1 #ah-be74 ,!y ,did ,eat & ,7 ,fill$4 ,,int]e/+ ,,application ,,( ,,hypnotism ,,by ,,:i* ,a ,,multitude ,,7 ,,conv9c$ ,,t ,,!y ,,_h ,,d9$4 ,& !y say unto him1 ,we h "h b five loaves & two fi%es4 ,he said1 ,br+ !m hi!r to me4 ,& he comm&$ ! multitude to sit d[n on ! grass & took ! five loaves & ! two fi%es1 & look+ up to heav51 he bless$1 & brake1 & gave ! loaves to 8 disciples1 & ! disciples to ! multitude4 ,& !y did all eat1 & 7 fill$2 & !y took up ! fragm5ts t rema9$ twelve baskets full4 ,& !y t _h eat5 7 ab\t five ?\s& m5 beside wom5 & *ildr5 7,matt4 xiv1 #ae-ba74 ,laz>us ,come ,=?4 ,,jesus ,,apprises ,,! ,,bro!r ,,( ,,m>?a ,,t ,,! ,,joke ,,has ,,be5 ,,c>ri$ ,,f> ,,en\gh4 ,:5 ,jesus came1 he f\nd t he ,laz>us _h la9 9 ! grave f\r days already4444 ,jesus !re=e aga9 groan+ 9 himself come? to ! grave4 ,x 0 a cave1 & a /one lay ^u x4 ,jesus said1 ,take ye away ! /one4 ,m>?a1 ! si/] ( him t 0 dead1 sai? unto him1 ,"l1 by ?is "t he /9ke?1 = he ha? be5 dead f\r days4444 ,he ,jesus cri$ ) a l\d voice1 ,laz>us come =?4 ,& he t 0 dead came =? 7,john xi1 #ag1 #ch1 #ci1 #dc1 #dd74 ,^! ,bible /ories1 :i* ,*ri/ians pr(ess to believe1 are unwor?y ( s]i\s consid]ation4 ,!y are n hi/orical1 b fabul\s4 ,a miracle is a fable4 ,! miracul\s is impossible2 ! impossible untrue4 ,if miracles 7 possible & necess>y 9 t age !y are possible & necess>y n[4 ,?is is an age ( unbelief4 ,give u "o miracle & we w believe4 ,let ,jesus visit e>? aga9 & ) 8 div9e t\* revivify ! inanimate du/ ( ,l9coln & give him back to ! nation t lov$ him s well1 & we w ackn[l$ge 8 div9ity & believe t ! ,bible is inspir$4 ,_h he re/or$ to life ! decay+ corpse ( ,laz>us ! ,jews w\ld h believ$ 9 him4 ,! ,jews did n believe 9 him1 !re=e ! miracle 0 n p]=m$4 ,! div9e orig9 ( ! ,bible _c be e/abli%$ by miracles because ! possibility ( a miracle itself _c be e/abli%$4 ,9 ! language ( ,hume1 a miracle is a violation ( ! laws ( nature2 & z a firm & unalt]able exp]i5ce has e/abli%$ ^! laws1 ! pro( aga9/ a miracle1 f ! v nature ( ! fact1 is z entire z any argum5t f exp]i5ce c possibly be imag9$4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,! ,,bible ,,god4 ,! ,bible1 x is claim$1 is ! ^w ( ,god--a revelation f ,god to man4 ,x 0 writt5 or inspir$ by ,god1 & deals *iefly ) ,god & 8 works4 ,:o & :at is ?is ,god ( ! ,bible8 ,:at is ! nature & "* ( ?is div9e au?or8 ,is he omnipres5t1 or has he a local habitation m]ely8 ,is he omnipot5t1 or is he limit$ 9 p[]8 ,is he omnisci5t1 or is 8 k circumscrib$8 ,is he immutable1 or is he a *angeable be+8 ,is he visible & compreh5sible1 or is he invisible & unkn[able8 ,is he ! only ,god1 or is he "o ( _m gods8 ,does he possess ! =m & attributes ( man1 or is he1 z ,*ri/ians affirm1 )\t body1 p>ts1 or passions8 ,let ,god ?r\gh 8 inspir$ p5m5 answ]4 ,is ,god ,omnipres5t8 ,d n ,i fill heav5 & e>?8 sai? ! ,"l 7,j]4 xxiii1 #bd74 ,! heav5 & heav5 ( heav5s _c conta9 him 7#b ,*4 ii1 #f74 ,if ,i asc5d up into heav51 ?\ art !re2 if ,i make my b$ 9 hell1 behold1 ?\ art !re4 ,if ,i take ! w+s ( ! morn+1 & dwell 9 ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! sea2 ev5 !re %all ?y h& lead me 7,ps4 cxxxix1 #h-aj74 ,! ,"l 0 n 9 ! w9d3 444 ! ,"l 0 n 9 ! e>?quake 7#a ,k+s xix1 #aa74 ,& ,ca9 w5t out f ! pres5ce ( ! ,"l1 & dwelt 9 ! l& ( ,nod 7,g54 iv1 #af74 ,& he said unto ,balak1 ,/& "h by ?y burnt (f]+1 :ile ,i meet ! ,"l yond] 7,num4 xxiii1 #ae74 ,g d[n1 *>ge ! p1 le/ !y break ?r\gh unto ! ,"l to gaze 7,ex4 xix1 #ba74 ,god is come into ! camp4 ,& !y said1 ,woe unto u6 = !re ha? n be5 su* a ?+ h]et(ore 7#a ,sam4 iv1 #g74 ,is ,god ,omnipot5t8 ,) ,god all ?+s are possible 7,matt4 xix1 #bf74 ,i "k t ?\ can/ d ev]y?+ 7,job xlii1 #b74 ,!re is no?+ too h>d = !e 7,j]4 xxxii1 #ag74 ,= ! ,"l ,god ,omnipot5t reigne? 7,rev4 xix1 #f74 ,& ! ,"l 0 ) ,judah1 & he ! ,"l drove out ! inhabitants ( ! m\nta91 b c\ld n drive out ! inhabitants ( ! valley1 because !y _h *>iots ( iron 7,jud4 i1 #ai74 ,is ,he ,omnisci5t8 ,god 444 kn[e? all ?+s 7#a ,john iii1 #bj74 ,! eyes ( ! ,"l are 9 e place 7,prov4 xv1 #c74 ,he kn[e? ! secrets ( ! he>t 7,ps4 xliv1 #ba74 ,no ?\ght c be )hold5 f !e 7,job xlii1 #b74 ,! ,"l ?y ,god l$ !e ^! =ty ye>s 9 ! wild]ness1 444 to "k :at 0 9 ?9e he>t 7,deut4 viii1 #b74 ,god left him1 to try him1 t he might "k all t 0 9 8 he>t 7#b ,*4 xxxii1 #ca74 ,! ,"l said1 ,because ! cry ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah is great1 & because _! s9 is v griev\s1 ,i w g d[n n[ & see :e!r !y h done altoge!r accord+ to ! cry ( x1 :i* is come unto me3 & if n ,i w "k 7,g54 xviii1 #bj1 #ba74 ,is ,he ,immutable8 ,i am ! ,"l1 ,i *ange n 7,mal4 iii1 #f74 ,) :om is no v>iabl5ess1 nei!r %ad[ ( turn+ 7,james i1 #ag74 ,my cov5ant w ,i n break1 nor alt] ! ?+ t is gone out ( my lips 7,ps4 lxxxix1 #cd74 ,he is n a man t he %\ld rep5t 7#a ,sam4 xv1 #bi74 ,i ,god am we>y ) rep5t+ 7,j]4 xv1 #f74 ,x rep5t$ ! ,"l t he _h made man on ! e>? 7,g54 vi1 #f74 ,! ,"l rep5t$ t he _h made ,saul k+ ov] ,israel 7#a ,sam4 xv1 #ce74 ,& ,god rep5t$ ( ! evil t he said he w\ld d unto !m2 & he did x n 7,jonah iii1 #aj74 ,! ,"l ,god ( ,israel sai?1 ,i said inde$ t ?y h\se & ! h\se ( ?y fa!r %\ld walk be=e me =ev]3 b n[ ! ,"l sai?1 ,be x f> f me 7#a ,sam4 ii1 #cj74 ,is ,he ,visible & ,compreh5sible8 ,i h se5 ,god face to face 7,g54 xxxii1 #cj74 ,& !y saw ! ,god ( ,israel 7,ex4 xxiv1 #aj74 ,= ! invisible ?+s ( him f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made1 ev5 8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead 7,rom4 i1 #bj74 ,no man ha? se5 ,god at any "t 7,john i1 #ah74 ,:om no man ha? se51 nor c see 7#a ,tim4 vi1 #af74 ,!re %all no man see me & live 7,ex4 xxxiii1 #bj74 ,god is great1 & we "k him n 7,job xxxvi1 #bf74 ,t\*+ ! ,almighty1 we _c f9d him out 7,job xxxvii1 #bc74 ,is ,!re ,"o ,god ,only8 ,!re is "o ,god2 & !re is none o!r b he 7,m>k xii1 #cb74 ,be=e me !re 0 no ,god =m$1 nei!r %all !re be aft] me 7,is4 xliii1 #aj74 ,i am ! fir/1 & ,i am ! la/2 & besides me !re is no ,god 7,is4 xliv1 #f74 ,?\ %alt n revile ! gods 7,ex4 xxii1 #bh74 ,& ! ,"l ,god said1 ,behold1 ! man is become z "o ( u 7,g54 iii1 #bb74 ,:o is l unto !e1 ,o ,"l1 among ! gods8 7,ex4 xv1 #aa74 ,among ! gods1 !re is none l unto !e1 ,o ,"l 7,ps4 lxxxvi1 #h74 ,! ,"l is a great ,god1 & a great ,k+ above all gods 7,ps4 xcv1 #c74 ,god /&e? 9 ! congregation ( ! mighty2 he judge? among ! gods 7,psalms lxxxii1 #a874 ,9 ,:at ,=m ,does ,god ,exi/8 ,!re is b "o liv+ & true ,god1 ev]la/+1 )\t body1 p>ts1 or passions4--,?irty-n9e ,articles4 ,comp>e ! above conception ( ,deity ) ! an?ropomorphic "* ( ,god portray$ 9 ! foll[+ "o hundr$ passages3 ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image 7,g54 i1 #bg74 ,! hair ( 8 ,god's head 7,dan4 vii1 #i74 ,?\ can/ n see my ,god's face 7,ex4 xxxiii1 #bj74 ,! eyes ( ! ,"l run to & fro 7#b ,*4 xvi1 #i74 ,& 8 ,god's e>s are op5 7#a ,pet4 iii1 #ab74 ,^! are a smoke 9 my ,god's nose 7,is4 lxv1 #e74 ,!re w5t up a smoke out ( 8 ,god's no/rils 7#b ,sam4 xxii1 #i74 ,t proce$e? out ( ! m\? ( ,god 7,matt4 iv1 #d74 ,8 ,god's lips are full ( indignation 7,is4 xxx1 #bg74 ,& 8 ,god's tongue z a dev\r+ fire 7,ibid74 ,he %all dwell betwe5 8 ,god's %\ld]s 7,deut4 xxxiii1 #ab74 ,?\ ,god ha/ a mighty arm 7,ps4 lxxxix1 #ac74 ,! "r h& ( ! ,"l 7,ps4 cxviii1 #af74 ,?is is ! f+] ( ,god 7,ex4 viii1 #ai74 ,i ,god w %[ !m ! back 7,j]4 xviii1 #ag74 ,out ( ?y ,god's bosom 7,ps4 lxxiv1 #aa74 ,my ,god's he>t make? a noise 9 me 7,j]4 iv1 #ai74 ,my ,god's b[els are tr\bl$ 7,j]4 xxxi1 #bj74 ,! appe>ance ( 8 ,god's lo9s 7,ezek4 i1 #bg74 ,d>kness 0 "u 8 ,god's feet 7,ps4 xviii1 #i74 ,! m9d ( ! ,"l 7,lev4 xxiv1 #ab74 ,! brea? ( 8 ,god's no/rils 7#b ,sam4 xxii1 #af74 ,9 ! light ( ?y ,god's c\nt5ance 7,ps4 lxxxix1 #ae74 ,?\ ,god see/ me 7,g54 xvi1 #ac74 ,my ,god w he> me 7,micah vii1 #g74 ,! ,"l smell$ a sweet sav\r 7,g54 viii1 #ba74 ,w ,i ,god eat ! fle% ( bulls8 7,ps4 #a1 #ac474 ,w ,i ,god dr9k ! blood ( goats8 7,ibid47 ,! h& ( ,god ha? t\*$ me 7,job xix1 #ba74 ,we h he>d 8 ,god's voice 7,deut4 v1 #bd74 ,god do? talk ) man 7,ibid74 ,! ,"l %all laugh at him 7,ps4 xxxvii1 #ac74 ,n[ w ,i ,god cry 7,is4 xlii1 #ad74 ,he ,god %all give a %\t 7,j]4 xxv1 #cj74 ,:y sleepe/ ?\1 ,o ,"l8 7,ps4 xliv1 #bc47 ,!n ! ,"l awak$ 7,ps4 lxxviii1 #fe74 ,god sitte? ^u ! ?rone 7,ps4 xlvii1 #h74 ,god rise? up 7,job xxxi1 #ad74 ,! ,"l /ood by him 7,acts xxiii1 #aa74 ,i ,god w walk among y 7,lev4 xxvi1 #ab74 ,?\ ,god did/ ride ^u ?9e horses 7,hab4 iii1 #h74 ,he ,god wre/l$ ) him 7,g54 xxxii1 #be74 ,! ,"l w "w 7#a ,sam4 xiv1 #f74 ,i ,god am we>y 7,is4 i1 #ad74 ,he ,god re/$ on ! sev5? day 7,g54 ii1 #b74 ,! ,"l ,god plant$ a g>d5 7,g54 ii1 #h74 ,god is able to graft 7,rom4 xi1 #bc74 ,! ,fa!r is a husb&man 7,john xv1 #a74 ,he ,god ha? f5c$ up my way 7,job xix1 #h74 ,! ,"l is my %eph]d 7,ps4 xxiii1 #a74 ,! ,"l build ! h\se 7,ps4 cxxvii1 #a74 ,! tables 7 ! "w ( ,god 7,ex4 xxxii1 #af74 ,?\ ,god our pott] 7,is4 lxiv1 #h74 ,! ,"l ,god made coats ( sk9 7,g54 iii1 #ba74 ,& ,i ,god %od !e ) badg]'s sk9 7,ezek4 xvi1 #aj74 ,! ,"l %ave ) a razor 7,is4 vii1 #bj74 ,i ,god w cure !m 7,j]4 xxxiii1 #f74 ,& he ,god buri$ him 7,deut4 xxxiv1 #f74 ,?y ,god :i* tea*e? !e 7,is4 xlviii1 #ag74 ,musical in/rum5ts ( ,god 7#a ,*4 xvi1 #db74 ,he ,god wrote ^u ! tables 7,ex4 xxxiv1 #bh74 ,?y book :i* ?\ ,god ha/ writt5 7,ex4 xxxii1 #cb74 ,o ,"l1 ,i h he>d ?y spee* 7,hab4 iii1 #b74 ,! ,"l is our lawgiv] 7,is4 xxxiii1 #bb74 ,! ,"l is our judge 7,ibid74 ,= ,god is ! k+ ( all ! e>? 7,ps4 xlvii1 #g74 ,he ,god is ! gov]nor 7,ps4 xxii1 #h74 ,god himself is 444 our capta9 7#b ,*4 xiii1 #ab74 ,! ,"l is a man ( w> 7,ex4 xv1 #c74 ,! ,"l ha? op5$ 8 armory 7,j]4 i1 #be74 ,! ,"l %all bl[ ! trumpet 7,ze*4 ix1 #ad74 ,i ,god myself w fight 7,j]4 xxi1 #e74 ,he ,god w :et 8 sword 7,ps4 vii1 #ab74 ,he ,god ha? b5t 8 b[ 7,lam4 ii1 #d74 ,god %all %oot at !m 7,ps4 lxiv1 #g74 ,rocks are ?r[n d[n by him ,god 7,nahum i1 #f74 ,i ,god w kill y 7,ex4 xxii1 #bd74 ,?\ ,god art become cruel to me 7,job4 xxx1 #ba74 ,i ,god sw>e 9 my wra? 7,ps4 xcv1 #aa74 ,i ,god h curs$ !m already 7,mal4 ii1 #a74 ,?y ,god ha? bless$ !e 7,deut4 ii1 #g74 ,! ,"l rep5t$ 7,amos vii1 #f74 ,god did tempt ,abraham 7,g54 xxii1 #a74 ,o ,"l ?\ ha/ deceiv$ me 7,j]4 xx1 #g74 ,he ,god ha? pollut$ ! k+dom 7,lam4 ii1 #b74 ,he ,god is mighty 9 /r5g? 7,job ix1 #d74 ,) him ,god is wisdom 7,job xii1 #ac74 ,i ,god 0 a husb& 7,j]4 xxxi1 #cb74 ,! only begott5 ( ! ,fa!r 7,john i1 #ad74 ,! sons ( ,god saw ! daught]s ( m5 7,g54 vi1 #b74 ,! love t ,god ha? to u 7#a ,john iv1 #af74 ,^! six ?+s do? ! ,"l hate 7,prov4 vi1 #af74 ,! joy ( ! ,"l 7,neh4 viii1 #aj74 ,x griev$ him ,god at 8 he>t 7,g54 vi1 #f74 ,! ,"l pitie? !m t fe> him 7,ps4 ciii1 #ac74 ,i ,god fe>$ ! wra? ( ! enemy 7,deut4 xxxii1 #bg74 ,! ,"l 444 is a jeal\s ,god 7,ex4 xxxiv1 #ad74 ,! fi]ce ang] ( ! ,"l 7,num4 xxv1 #d74 ,) ! ,"l !re is m]cy 7,ps4 cxxx1 #g7 ,v5geance is m9e 444 sai? ! ,"l 7,rom4 xii1 #aj74 ,:ile _m ( ^! texts are simply metaphorical allusions to a ,deity1 z a :ole !y cle>ly reveal ! an?ropomorphic conception ( ,god t prevail$ among ,bible writ]s g5]ally4 ,?is ,god 0 repres5t$ z a be+ ( p[] & glory1 yet a be+ possess+ ! =m1 ! attributes1 & ! limitations ( man4 ,he 0 a colossal despot--a k+ ( k+s4 ,! ,god ( ! ,bible is a product ( ! human imag9ation4 ,god did n make man 9 ,god's image1 z claim$1 b man made ,god 9 man's image4 ,man is n ! creation ( ,god1 b ,god is ! creation ( man4 ,?is ,god :o 0 suppos$ to h creat$ ! univ]se out ( no?+ has himself gradually be5 resolv$ into no?+ness 9 ! m9ds ( 8 vot>ies1 & to-day1 en?ron$ 9 ! bra9 ( ,*ri/5dom1 !re reigns a m]e phantom1 )\t body1 p>ts1 or passions ,,"p ,,iii4 ,,morality4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,bible ,,n ,a ,,moral ,,guide4 ,we are ask$ to accept ! ,bible z ! reveal$ w ( an all-p[]ful1 all-wise & all-j ,god4 ,we are ask$ to rev]e x beyond all o!r books1 to make a feti* ( x4 ,above all1 we are ask$ to accept x z a div9e & infallible moral guide4 ,*ri/ians pr(ess to accept x z su*2 & _m :o are n ,*ri/ians--_m :o reject ! au!nticity ( ! mo/ ( x1 & :o d\bt ! cr$ibility ( mu* ( x--p>rot-l1 repeat ! claims ( sup]naturali/s1 dwell ^u its beautiful moral tea*+s1 & abet ! ef=ts ( ! cl]gy to place x 9 our public s*ools1 seem+ly oblivi\s to ! fact t x is n 9 any s5se a moral guide4 ,:at is ,morality8 ,:at is morality8 ,paley1 by _m consid]$ ! *ief ( mod]n ,*ri/ian au?orities1 bas+ 8 conception ( morality on ! ,bible1 def9es x z ! do+ good to mank9d1 9 ob$i5ce to ! w ( ,god z reveal$ 9 ! ,bible1 & = ! sake ( ev]la/+ happ9ess & to escape ev]la/+ mis]y4 ,sup]naturalism & selfi%ness are ?us its sole pr9ciples2 sup]naturalism be+ its s\rce & selfi%ness be+ ! motive = its obs]vance4 ,"h virtue does n br+ its own rew>d1 ! w ( ,god is n omnipot5t1 & mank9d1 l a spoil$ *ild1 mu/ be brib$ or fright5$ to obey its precepts4 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian conception ( morality4 ,b x is a false conception4 ,morality is n sup]natural & div9e1 b natural & human4 ,x is purely utilit>ian4 ,utility1 reg>dless ( ! w ( ,god1 is its all-p]vad+ pr9ciple4 ,:atev] is b5eficial to man is "r1 is moral2 & :atev] is injuri\s to him is wrong1 is immoral4 ,! end & aim ( moral conduct1 accord+ to ,hobbes1 is self-pres]vation & happ9ess2 n ev]la/+ happ9ess 9 ano!r _w1 z taught by ,paley1 b life-la/+ happ9ess 9 ?is4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley's phrase1 ,! greate/ happ9ess ( ! greate/ numb]1 is pron\nc$ by ,j]emy ,b5?am1 "o ( ! mo/ em95t ( e?ical writ]s1 a true /&>d = :atev] is "r or wrong1 useful1 useless1 or mis*iev\s 9 human conduct4 ,m & m1 z m5 become civiliz$ & enlight5$1 ! egoi/ic pr9ciples ( religioni/s give way to ! altrui/ic pr9ciple ( ,rationali/s4 ,live = o!rs is ! sublime tea*+ ( ! ,positivi/ ,comte4 ,9 obey+ ?is noble precept we are n sacrific+1 b augm5t+ our own happ9ess4 ,to d good is my religion1 said ,?omas ,pa9e4 ,! rew>ds & puni%m5ts ( ?is religion1 :i* is "h b ano!r "n = morality1 are happily express$ by ,abraham ,l9coln3 ,:5 ,i d good ,i feel good1 & :5 ,i d bad ,i feel bad4 ,! husb& & wife :o labor = ea* o!r's happ9ess1 reg>dless ( _! own2 ! fa!r & "m :o deprive !mselves to make _! *ildr5 happy2 m51 l ,sir ,moses ,montefiore & ,b>on ,hirs*1 & wom51 l ,flor5ce ,night+ale & ,cl>a ,b>ton1 :o devote _! "t & weal? to aid 9 remov+ ! pov]ty & alleviat+ ! suff]+s ( humanity--^!1 by increas+ ! happ9ess ( o!rs1 increase _! own4 ,:5 ! true pr9ciples ( morality are univ]sally und]/ood & accept$1 div9e revelations w be ca/ aside & sup]natural religions w die2 ! zealot's visions ( a cele/ial p>adise w vani%1 & ! philan?ropi/'s dream ( a heav5 on e>? w be realiz$4 ,bible ,codes4 ,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 includ+ ! ,gold5 ,rule1 9 ! ,new1 are suppos$ to comprise ! be/ moral tea*+s ( ! ,bible4 ,!y are decl>$ to be s f> sup]ior to all o!r moral codes z to preclude ! idea ( human orig94 ,! ,decalogue is a v imp]fect moral code2 n at all sup]ior to ! religi\s & legislative codes ( o!r anci5t peoples4 ,! la/ six ( ^! comm&m5ts1 :ile n above criticism1 are 9 ! ma9 j1 & 7 recogniz$ alike by ,jew & ,g5tile4 ,!y are a crude attempt to =mulate ! cry/alliz$ exp]i5ces ( mank9d4 ,! fir/ f\r 7fir/ ?ree accord+ to ,ca?olic & ,lu!ran v]sions7 possess no moral value :atev]4 ,!y are simply religi\s emanations f ! corrupt & disord]$ bra9 ( prie/craft4 ,!y only s]ve to obscure ! pr9ciples ( true morality & produce an artificial sy/em :i* be>s ! same relation to natural morality t a measure ( *aff & gra9 does to a measure ( w9n[$ gra94 ,z a lit]>y composition & z a p>tial exposition ( ! peculi> t5ets ( a h]etical ,jewi% sect1 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt is int]e/+2 b z a moral code x is ( little value4 ,along ) "s admirable precepts1 x conta9s o!rs1 l ! foll[+1 :i* are false & p]nici\s3 ,bless$ are ! poor 9 _s2 ,bless$ are ! meek1 = !y %all inh]it ! e>?2 ,if ?y "r eye (f5d !e pluck x out2 ,if ?y "r h& (f5d !e cut x (f2 ,:osoev] %all m>ry h] t is divorc$ committe? adult]y2 ,resi/ n evil2 ,:osoev] %all smite !e on ! "r *eek1 turn to him ! o!r also2 ,if any man w sue !e at ! law1 & take away ?y coat1 let him h ?y cloak also2 ,love y\r enemies2 ,lay n up = y\rselves treasures ^u e>?2 ,take no ?\ght = y\r life1 :at ye %all eat1 or :at ye %all dr9k1 nor yet = y\r body1 :at ye %all put on2 ,take !re=e no ?\ght = ! morr[4 ,*ri/ians claim t unbeliev]s h no moral /&>d1 t !y alone h su* a /&>d--an infallible /&>d--! ,bible4 ,if we ask !m to "n ! be/ precept 9 ?is /&>d !y cite ! ,gold5 ,rule4 ,& yet ! ,gold5 ,rule is 9 its v nature purely a human rule ( conduct4 ,:atsoev] ye m51 n ,god w\ld t m5 %\ld d to y1 d ye ev5 s to !m4 ,?is rule enjo9s :at ,*ri/ians pr(ess to condemn1 t e p]son %all =m 8 own moral /&>d4 ,9 ?is rule ! s-call$ div9e laws are totally ignor$4 ,! ,gold5 ,rule1 s f> z ! ,bible is conc]n$1 is a borr[$ gem4 ,*9ese1 ,greek1 & ,roman sages _h prea*$ & practic$ x c5turies be=e ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt 0 deliv]$4 ,?is rule1 "o ( ! be/ =mulat$ by ! anci5ts1 is n1 h[ev]1 a p]fect rule ( human conduct4 ,x does n dem& t our desires %all always be j4 ,b x does recognize & enjo9 ! pr9ciple ( reciprocity1 & is immeasurably sup]ior to ! rule usually practis$ by ! pr(ess$ foll[]s ( ,jesus3 ,:atsoev] we w\ld t y %\ld d unto u1 d x2 & :atsoev] we wi% to d unto y1 t w we d4 ,! ?ree ,*ri/ian virtues1 fai?1 hope1 & *>ity1 fairly repres5t ?is :ole sy/em ( s-call$ ,bible morals--two false or useless precepts to "o good precept4 ,*>ity is a true virtue1 b fai? & hope1 to quote ,volney1 may be call$ ! virtues ( dupes = ! b5efit ( knaves4 ,& if ! knaves h admitt$ *>ity to be ! greate/ ( ^! virtues1 x is because !y are ! recipi5ts & n ! disp5s]s ( x4 ,bible ,models4 ,! noble/ types ( manhood1 l ,bruno1 ,sp9oza1 ,pa9e1 & ,+]soll1 h be5 sl&]$1 ana!matiz$1 & sla9 by ,*ri/ians1 :ile ! gods1 ! h]oes1 ! patri>*s1 ! prophets1 & ! prie/s ( ! ,bible h be5 pres5t$ z ! highe/ models ( moral excell5ce4 ,( ^!1 ,jehovah1 ,abraham1 ,jacob1 ,moses1 ,david1 ,paul1 & ,*ri/ are repres5t$ z ! greate/ & ! be/4 ,:o 0 ,jehovah8 ,a be+ ( t]rific "*--cruel1 v9dictive1 caprici\s1 & unju/4--,jeff]son4 ,:o 0 ,abraham8 ,an insane b>b>ian patri>* :o m>ri$ 8 si/]1 d5i$ 8 wife1 & s$uc$ h] h&maid2 :o drove "o *ild into ! des]t to />ve1 & made prep>ations to but*] ! o!r4 ,:o 0 ,jacob8 ,ano!r patri>*1 :o won ,god's love by deceiv+ 8 fa!r1 *eat+ 8 uncle1 robb+ 8 bro!r1 practic+ bigamy ) two ( 8 c\s9s1 & committ+ =nication ) two ( 8 h\semaids4 ,:o 0 ,moses8 ,a model ( meekness2 a man :o boa/$ ( 8 own humility2 a man :o murd]$ an ,egyptian & hid 8 body 9 ! s&2 a man :o ext]m9at$ :ole nations to secure ! spoils ( w>1 a man :o but*]$ 9 cold blood ?\s&s ( captive wid[s1 a man :o tore dimpl$ babes f ! brea/s ( dy+ mo!rs & put !m to a cruel dea?2 a man :o made orphans ( ?irty-two ?\s& innoc5t girls1 & turn$ sixte5 ?\s& ( !m ov] to ! brutal lu/s ( a savage soldi]y4 ,:o 0 ,david8 ,a man aft] ,god's own he>t4 ,a vulg> braggadocio1 us+ language to a woman ! m]e quot+ ( :i* w\ld s5d me to prison2 a traitor1 desir+ to lead an enemy's troops aga9/ 8 own c\ntrym52 a ?ief & robb]1 plund]+ & deva/at+ ! c\ntry on e side2 a li>1 utt]+ :olesale falsehoods to scre5 himself f ju/ice2 a r$-h&$ but*]1 tortur+ & slaught]+ ?\s&s ( m51 wom51 & *ildr51 mak+ !m pass ?r\gh burn+ brick-kilns1 c>v+ !m up ) saws & axes1 & te>+ !m 9 pieces "u h>r[s ( iron2 a polygami/1 ) a h>em ( wives & concub9es2 a drunk5 debau*ee1 danc+ half-nak$ be=e ! maids ( 8 h\sehold2 a le*]\s old lib]t9e1 abduct+ & ravi%+ ! wife ( a fai?ful soldi]2 a murd]]1 hav+ ?is fai?ful soldi] put to dea? aft] desolat+ 8 home2 a ho>y-head$ fi5d1 foam+ ) v5geance on 8 dy+ b$1 dem&+ ) 8 late/ brea? ! dea?s ( two ag$ m51 "o ( :om _h mo/ contribut$ to make 8 k+dom :at x 01 ! o!r a man to :om he _h promis$ protection4 ,:o 0 ,paul8 ,a religi\s fanatic2 a ,jew & a ,*ri/ian4 ,z a ,jew1 9 ! "n ( ,jehovah1 he p]secut$ ,*ri/ians2 z a ,*ri/ian1 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/1 he p]secut$ ,jews2 & bo? z a ,jew & a ,*ri/ian1 & 9 ! "n ( bo? ,jehovah & ,*ri/1 he practic$ dissimulation & hall[$ falsehood4 ,:o 0 ,*ri/8 ,he is call$ ! div9e tea*]4 ,yes1 ,he l$ ,! cr[d1 he taught !m ju/ice1 tru?1 & peace1 ,9 semblance2 b he lit )9 _! s\ls ,! qu5*less flames ( zeal1 & bless$ ! sword ,he br\ght on e>? to satiate ) ! blood ,( tru? & fre$om 8 malignant s\l4 --,%elley4 ,immoral ,tea*+s ( ! ,bible4 ,9 ! mod]n & /rict] s5se ( ! t]m1 morality is sc>cely taught 9 ! ,bible4 ,nei!r moral1 morals1 & morality1 nor _! equival5ts1 e?ical & e?ics1 are to be f\nd 9 ! book4 ,t4 ,b4 ,wakeman1 presid5t ( ! ,lib]al ,univ]sity ( ,oregon1 a life-long /ud5t ( sociology & e?ics1 says3 ,! ^w 'moral' does n occur 9 ! ,bible1 nor ev5 ! idea4 ,hunt+ = morals 9 ! ,bible is l try+ to f9d human rema9s 9 ! olde/ geologic /rata--9 ! eozoon1 = in/ance4 ,morals _h n !n be5 born4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x sanctions ne>ly e vice & crime4 ,"h is ! long li/ ( wrongs :i* x au?orizes & def5ds3 #a4 ,ly+ & ,deception4 #b4 ,*eat+4 #c4 ,!ft & ,robb]y4 #d4 ,murd]4 #e4 ,w>s ( ,conque/4 #f4 ,human ,sacrifices4 #g4 ,cannibalism4 #h4 ,wit*craft4 #i4 ,slav]y4 #aj4 ,polygamy4 #aa4 ,adult]y & ,pro/itution4 #ab4 ,obsc5ity4 #ac4 ,intemp]ance4 #ad4 ,vagrancy4 #ae4 ,ignorance4 #af4 ,inju/ice to ,woman4 #ag4 ,unk9dness to ,*ildr54 #ah4 ,cruelty to ,animals4 #ai4 ,tyranny4 #bj4 ,intol]ance & ,p]secution4 ,! ,bible is1 = ! mo/ "p1 ! crude lit]ature ( a p :o liv$ #b1jjj ye>s1 & m1 ago4 ,c]ta9 pr9ciples ( "r & wrong !y recogniz$1 b ! f9] pr9ciples ( morality 7 unkn[n to !m4 ,!y 7 an ignorant p4 ,an ignorant p is g5]ally a religi\s p1 & a religi\s p ne>ly always an immoral p4 ,!y believ$ t !y 7 ,god's *os5 p--,god's peculi> favorites--& t because ( ?is !y _h ! "r to rob & *eat1 to murd] & enslave ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,f ^! two causes1 *iefly1 ignorance & religion1 i4 e41 sup]/ition1 emanat$ ! immoral de$s & op9ions :i* f\nd expression 9 ! writ+s ( _! prie/s & prophets4 ,! passages 9 ! ,bible :i* deal ) vice & crime may be divid$ into ?ree classes3 #a4 ,!re are passages :i* condemn vice & crime4 ,^! ,i indorse4 #b4 ,!re are _m passages 9 :i* ! crimes & vices ( ! p are n>rat$ m]ely z hi/orical facts )\t ei!r sanction+ or condemn+ !m4 ,! book m]its no c5sure because ( ^!4 #c4 ,!re are num]\s passages :i* sanction vice & crime4 ,^!1 & ^! alone1 9 ! *apt]s :i* foll[1 ,i %all adduce to prove ! *>ges t ,i make aga9/ ! ,bible z a moral guide4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4 ,,ly+--,,*eat+--,,/eal+4 ,ly+4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x sanctions ly+ & deception4 ,& ! ,"l said1 ,:o %all p]suade ,ahab t he may g up & fall at ,ramo?-gilead8 ,& "o said on ?is mann]1 & ano!r said on t mann]4 ,& !re came =? a _s & /ood be=e ! ,"l1 & said1 ,i w p]suade him4 ,& ! ,"l said unto him1 ,:]e)8 ,& he said1 ,i w g =?1 & ,i w be a ly+ _s 9 ! m\? ( all 8 prophets4 ,& he said1 ,?\ %alt p]suade him1 & prevail also2 g =? & d s4 ,n[ !re=e1 behold ! ,"l ha? put a ly+ _s 9 ! m\? ( all ^!1 ?y prophets 7#a ,k+s xxii1 #bj-bc74 ,if ! prophet be deceiv$ :5 he ha? spok5 a ?+1 ,i ! ,"l h deceiv$ t prophet 7,ezek4 xiv1 #i74 ,o ,"l1 ?\ ha/ deceiv$ me 7,j]4 xx1 #g74 ,wilt ?\ ,god be altoge!r unto me z a li>8 7,j]4 xv1 #ah47 ,god %all s5d !m /rong delusion t !y %\ld believe a lie 7#b ,!ss4 ii1 #aa74 ,respect+ ! =bidd5 fruit ,god said3 ,9 ! day t ?\ eate/ !re( ?\ %alt surely die 7,g54 ii1 #ag74 ,b ! s]p5t said1 ,ye %all n surely die 7iii1 #d74 ,satan's decl>ation prov$ true1 ,god's decl>ation prov$ untrue4 ,?us1 accord+ to ! ,bible1 ! fir/ tru? told to man 0 told by ! devil2 ! fir/ lie told to man 0 told by ,god4 ,9 reg>d to ! promis$ l& ,god says3 ,d\btless ye %all n come into ! l&1 conc]n+ :i* ,i sw>e to make y dwell !re91 444 & ye %all "k my brea* ( promise 7,num4 xiv1 #cj-cd74 ,god comm&s ,moses to deceive ,ph>aoh 7,ex4 iii1 #ah71 he rew>ds ! midwives = _! deception 7,ex4 i1 #ae-bj71 & in/ructs ,samuel to deceive ,saul 7#a ,sam4 xvi1 #b74 ,& ! ,"l said unto ,samuel1 444 fill ?9e horn ) oil1 & g1 ,i w s5d !e to ,jesse ! ,be?-lehemite3 = ,i h provid$ me a k+ among 8 sons4 ,& ,samuel said1 ,h[ c ,i g8 if ,saul he> x he w kill me4 ,& ! ,"l said1 ,take a heif] ) !e1 & say1 ,i am come to sacrifice to ! ,"l4 ,w\ld an omnipot5t & a j ,god use falsehood & deceit8 ,if !re be su* a ,god we mu/ believe t he is an hone/ & a tru?ful ,be+4 ,b ?is ,god ( ! ,bible violates ne>ly e pl$ge he makes1 & in/ructs 8 *ildr5 to lie & deceive4 ,! patri>*s all foll[ 8 example & in/ructions4 ,abraham tries to deceive ,ph>aoh & ,abimele* 7,g54 xii1 #ac-ai2 xx1 #b72 ,s>ah tries to deceive ! ,"l himself 7,g54 xviii1 #ac-ae74 ,abraham becomes ! p>5t ( a li>4 ,isaac said ( ,rebecca1 8 wife1 ,%e is my si/] 7,g54 xxvi1 #g74 ,rebecca 9 turn deceives h] husb& 7,g54 xxvii1 #f-ag74 ,jacob su/a9s ! reputation ( ! family = ly+4 ,& he came unto 8 fa!r1 & said1 ,my fa!r2 & he said1 ,"h am ,i2 :o art ?\1 my son8 ,& ,jacob said unto 8 fa!r1 ,i am ,esau1 ?y fir/-born4444 ,& he disc]n$ him n1 s he bless$ him4 ,& he said1 ,art ?\ my v son1 ,esau8 ,& he said1 ,i am 7,g54 xxvii1 #ah-bd74 ,jacob's wives1 ,leah & ,ra*el1 bo? us$ deceit4 ,! =m] deceiv$ h] husb& 7,g54 xxix1 #be72 ! latt] deceiv$ h] fa!r 7,g54 xxxi1 #cd1 #ce74 ,8 twelve sons 7 all addict$ to ! same vice 7,g54 xxxvii2 xlii1 #g71 & ^! became ! f\nd]s ( ! twelve tribes ( ,israel1 ,god's *os5 p4 ,david1 ,eli%a1 & ,j]emiah1 ?ree ( ,god's holie/ m51 7 li>s 7#a ,sam4 xxvii1 #h-aa2 #b ,k+s1 viii1 #g-ae2 ,j]4 xxxviii1 #bd-bg74 ,speak+ ( ! ,hebrews & ,bible writ]s prior to ! ,exile & ! introduction ( ,p]sian e?ics1 ,dr4 ,briggs says3 ,!y seem to "k no?+ ( ! s9 ( speak+ lies z su*4 ,:at is ! evid5ce f ?is sil5ce8 ,!y 7 altoge!r unconsci\s ( its s9fulness4 ,! holie/ m5 did n hesitate to lie1 :5ev] !y _h a good object 9 view1 & !y %[$ no consci\sness ( s9 9 x4 ,& ! writ]s :o tell ( _! lies are z innoc5t z !y4 ,! ,decalogue itself does n =bid ly+4 ,x =bids p]jury2 b m]e ly+ is n =bidd54 ,*ri/ taught 9 p>ables t he might deceive ! p4 ,& he said unto !m1 ,unto y x is giv5 to "k ! my/]y ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 b unto !m t are )\t1 all ^! ?+s are done 9 p>ables3 ,t see+ !y may see1 & n p]ceive2 & he>+ !y may he>1 & n und]/&2 le/ at any "t !y %\ld be conv]t$1 & _! s9s %\ld be =giv5 !m 7,m>k iv1 #aa1 #ab74 ,paul us$ deception & boa/$ ( x4 ,he says3 ,be+ crafty1 ,i caught y ) guile 7#b ,cor4 xii1 #af74 ,unto ! ,jews ,i became z a ,jew1 t ,i might ga9 ! ,jews 7#a ,cor4 ix1 #bj74 ,i am made all ?+s to all m5 7#a ,cor4 ix1 #bb74 ,= if ! tru? ( ,god ha? m ab\nd$ ?r\gh my lie unto 8 glory1 :y yet am ,i also judg$ z a s9n]8 7,rom4 iii1 #g47 ,! primitive ,*ri/ians1 accept+ ! ,bible z infallible au?ority1 naturally reg>d$ ly+ = ,god's glory n a vice b a virtue4 ,mo%eim 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory says3 ,x 0 an e/abli%$ maxim ) _m ,*ri/ians1 t x 0 p>donable 9 an advocate = religion to avail himself ( fraud & deception1 if x 7 likely !y might conduce t[>d ! atta9m5t ( any consid]able good4 ,dean ,milman1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 says3 ,x 0 admitt$ & av[$ t to deceive into ,*ri/ianity 0 s valuable a s]vice z to hall[ deceit itself4 ,dr4 ,l>dn] says3 ,*ri/ians ( all sorts 7 guilty ( ?is fraud4 ,bi%op ,fell writes3 ,9 ! fir/ ages ( ! *ur*1 s ext5sive 0 ! lic5se ( =g+1 s cr$ul\s 7 ! p 9 believ+ t ! evid5ce ( transactions 0 griev\sly obscur$4 ,m4 ,daill1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( ,fr5* ,prote/ants1 says3 ,= a good end !y made no scruple to =ge :ole books4 ,dr4 ,giesel] says !y quiet$ _! consci5ce respect+ ! =g]y ) ! idea ( _! good int5tion4 ,dr4 ,prie/ley says !y ?\ght x innoc5t & comm5dable to lie = ! sake ( tru?4 ,scalig] says3 ,!y di/ru/$ ! success ( ,*ri/'s k+dom )\t ! aid ( ly+4 ,t ^! admissions are true1 t primitive ,*ri/ianity 0 propagat$ *iefly by falsehood1 is tacitly admitt$ by all ,*ri/ians4 ,!y *>act]ize z =g]ies1 or unwor?y ( cr$it1 ?ree-f\r?s ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ+s4 ,! ?irty-second *apt] ( ! ,twelf? ,book ( ,eusebius's ,evangelical ,prep>ation be>s ?is significant title3 ,h[ f> x may be prop] to use falsehood z a m$ic9e1 & = ! b5efit ( ^? :o require to be deceiv$4 ,bi%op ,heliodorus affirms t a falsehood is a good ?+ :5 x aids ! speak] & does no h>m to ! he>]s4 ,synesius1 ano!r e>ly ,*ri/ian bi%op1 writes3 ,! p are desir\s ( be+ deceiv$2 we _c act o!rwise ) !m4 ,t is :at mo/ mod]n !ologians ?9k4 ,) ,dr4 ,?omas ,burnett1 !y believe t ,too mu* light is hurtful to weak eyes4 ,t ! me?ods employ$ 9 e/abli%+ ! *ur* are /ill us$ 9 p]petuat+ its p[]1 a glance at ! s-call$ ,*ri/ian lit]ature ( ! day w suffice to %[4 ,read ! works ( our sect>ian publi%]s1 exam9e ! volumes t compose our ,sunday-s*ool libr>ies1 p]use our religi\s pap]s & p]iodicals1 & y w see t age has b confirm$ ?is habit =m$ 9 infancy4 ,e *ur* dogma is a lie2 & bas$ ^u lies1 ! *ur* dep5ds ^u fraud = its support4 ,! "w ( its m9i/]s is n to discov] & promulgate tru?s1 b to inv5t & dissem9ate falsehoods4 ,9 ! words ( ,isaiah1 !y well might say3 ,we h made lies our refuge1 & "u falsehood h we hid ourselves4 ,! *ur* (f]s a premium on falsehood & imposes a puni%m5t = tru?fulness4 ,) a bribe 9 "o h& & a club 9 ! o!r1 %e has s\ght to prolong h] sway4 ,! allurem5ts ( ! "o & ! fe> ( ! o!r h fill$ ! _w ) hypocrisy4 ,9 our halls ( ,congress1 9 ! editorial sanctum1 9 ! pr(essor's *air1 beh9d ! c\nt]1 9 ! work%op1 at ! fireside1 ev]y:]e1 we f9d m5 pr(ess+ to believe :at !y "k to be false1 or we>+ ! seal ( sil5ce on _! lips1 :ile rank impo/ure /alks abroad & tru? is trampl$ 9 ! mire be=e !m4 ,e tru? seek] is taunt$ & ridicul$2 e tru? tell] p]secut$ & defam$2 ! sci5ti/ & philosoph] are disc\rag$ & oppos$2 ! h]etic & ,infidel calumniat$ & malign$4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 witness ! abuse heap$ ^u ! ,d>w9s & ,huxleys1 see ! c\ntless calumnies circulat$ aga9/ ! ,pa9es & ,+]solls4 ,x is said t ,paulus ,jovius kept a bank ( lies4 ,to ^? :o paid him lib]ally he gave noble p$igrees & reputations2 ^? :o did n he sl&]$ & malign$4 ,paulus is dead1 b ! *ur*1 guid$ by ,bible morality1 cont9ues 8 bus9ess4 ,*eat+4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide1 because x sanctions *eat+ & ! use ( di%onorable me?ods 9 obta9+ weal? & p[]4 ,& ,jacob sod boil$ pottage2 & ,esau came f ! fields1 & he 0 fa9t2 & ,esau said to ,jacob1 ,fe$ me1 ,i pray !e1 ) t same r$ pottage2 = ,i am fa9t4444 ,& ,jacob said1 ,sell me ?is day ?y bir?right4 ,& ,esau said1 ,behold1 ,i am at ! po9t to die2 & :at pr(it %all ?is bir?right d me8 ,& ,jacob said1 ,swe> to me ?is day2 & he sw>e unto him2 & he sold 8 bir?right unto ,jacob4 ,!n ,jacob gave ,esau bread & pottage ( l5tils2 & he did eat & rose up & w5t away 7,g54 xxv1 #bi-cd74 ,?is transaction1 "o ( ! base/ record$1 receives ! sanction ( ! ,bible4 ,jacob1 ) ,god's assi/ance1 by us+ /rip$ rods1 *eat$ ,laban out ( 8 cattle3 ,& x came to pass1 :5soev] ! /rong] cattle did conceive1 t ,jacob laid ! rods be=e ! eyes ( ! cattle 9 ! gutt]s1 t !y might conceive among ! rods4 ,:5 ! cattle 7 feeble1 he put !m n 92 s ! feebl] 7 ,laban's & ! /rong] ,jacob's4 ,& ! man increas$ exce$+ly1 & _h mu* cattle 7,g54 xxx1 #da-dc74 ,if he ,laban said ?us1 ,! speckl$ %all be ?y wages2 !n all ! cattle b>e speckl$2 & if he said ?us1 ,! r+/reak$ %all be ?y hire2 !n b>e all ! cattle r+/reak$4 ,?us ,god ha? tak5 away ! cattle ( y\r fa!r & giv5 !m to me 7,g54 xxxi1 #h1 #i74 ,?us1 by defraud+ 8 uncle1 8 fami%+ bro!r1 & 8 bl9d & ag$ fa!r1 ?is ,god-belov$ patri>* /&s =? ! pr9ce ( *eats--! patron sa9t ( rogues4 ,! ,israelites obta9 ! ,egyptians' prop]ty by false pret5ses4 ,& ,i ,god w give ?is p favor 9 ! sight ( ! ,egyptians2 & x %all come to pass t :5 ye g1 ye %all n g empty2 b e woman %all borr[ ( h] neighbor1 & ( h] t soj\rne? 9 h] h\se1 jewels ( silv] & jewels ( gold1 & raim5t2 & ye %all put !m ^u y\r sons & ^u y\r daught]s2 & ye %all spoil rob ! ,egyptians 7,ex4 iii1 #ba1 #bb74 ,& ! ,"l said unto ,moses1 444 ,speak n[ 9 ! e>s ( ! p1 & let e man borr[ ( 8 neighbor1 & e woman ( h] neighbor1 jewels ( silv]1 & jewels ( gold 7,ex xi1 #a1 #b74 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel did accord+ to ! ^w ( ,moses2 & !y borr[$ ( ! ,egyptians jewels ( silv]1 & jewels ( gold1 & raim5t2 & ! ,"l gave ! p favor 9 ! sight ( ! ,egyptians1 s t !y l5t unto !m su* ?+s z !y requir$2 & !y spoil$ ! ,egyptians 7,ex4 xii1 #ce1 #cf74 ,"h obta9+ goods "u false pret5ses & embezzlem5t are comm5d$ by ,god himself4 ,x may be claim$ t ! ,egyptians _h wrong$ ! ,israelites4 ,suppose !y _h2 c\ld ,god secure ju/ice = !m only by trea*]y & fraud8 ,suppose y\r son work$ = a f>m]1 & t f>m] defraud$ him ( 8 wages2 w\ld y advise y\r son to borr[ a horse ( 8 employ] & decamp ) x 9 ord] to obta9 r$ress1 especially :5 y _h ! p[] to obta9 r$ress by lawful means8 ,in/ead ( enc\rag+ ^! slaves 9 an act t w\ld ev5tually lead !m to become a race ( ?ieves & robb]s1 an hone/ ,god w\ld h tak5 _! ma/]s by ! coll> & said1 ,y h receiv$ ! labor ( ^! m5 & wom52 pay !m = x6 ,9 ! ,mosaic law we f9d ! foll[+ beautiful /atute3 ,ye %all n eat ( any?+ t die? ( itself2 ?\ %alt give x unto ! /rang] t is 9 ?y gates1 t he may eat x1 or ?\ maye/ sell x unto an ali5 7,deut4 xiv1 #ba74 ,any?+ t die? ( itself is diseas$4 ,diseas$ fle% is poison\s4 ,to au?orize its use1 ev5 if ^? receiv+ x are n deceiv$1 is immoral4 ,out ,we/1 a family1 good ,*ri/ians1 _h a hog to die ( "s disease4 ,:at did !y d ) x8 ,eat x8 ,no1 _! ,bible told !m ?is w\ld be wrong4 ,!y dress$ x nicely1 took x into an adjo9+ neighborhood1 & sold x to /rang]s4 ,0 ?is "r8 ,! ,bible says x 04 ,) ! widespread influ5ce ( a book inculcat+ su* lessons 9 di%one/y1 :at mu/ be ! inevitable result8 ,m5 di/ru/ _! fell[ m52 along our bus9ess ?or\ghf>es ,fraud drives ) braz5 front2 9 almo/ e article ( m]*&ise we buy we f9d a lie en%r9$2 at e corn] sits "s ,jacob slyly :ittl+ spott$ /icks to w9 8 neighbor's flocks4 ,/eal+4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x sanctions !ft & robb]y4 ,its pages teem ) acc\nts ( robb]ies1 & 9 _m in/ances ,god is said to h plann$ !m & %>$ 9 ! spoils4 ,he in/ructs ,moses to s5d a m>aud+ exp$ition aga9/ ! ,midianites4 ,!y put ! inhabitants to ! sword1 & return ) #hjj1jjj cattle4 ,( ?is booty ,god exacts #hjj head = himself & #h1jjj head = 8 prie/s4 ,! rema9d] he causes to be divid$ betwe5 ! soldi]s & citiz5s4 ,s elat$ are ! ,israelites ) _! success1 s grateful to ,god = 8 assi/ance1 t !y make him a gift ( #af1jjj %ekels ( /ol5 gold 7,num4 xxxi74 ,:5 ,jo%ua took ,j]i*o1 !y burnt ! city ) fire1 & all t 0 !re92 only ! silv]1 & ! gold1 & ! vessels ( brass & ( iron !y put into ! treasury ( ! ,"l 7,jo%1 vi1 #ai-bd74 ,:5 he captur$ ,ai1 ! cattle & ! spoils ( t city ,israel took = a prey unto !mselves1 accord+ unto ! ^w ( ! ,"l :i* he comm&$ ,jo%ua 7,jo%1 viii1 #bg74 ,jehovah gets ! spoils ( ,j]i*o1 & ,israel ^? ( ,ai4 ,david1 a mode/ %eph]d lad1 is plac$ "u ! tutelage ( ,jehovah only to become ! cruele/ robb] ( 8 "t4 ,on "o occasion1 purely = plund]1 he despoil$ ?ree nations & sav$ nei!r man nor woman alive to br+ tid+s to ,ga?1 say+1 ,le/ !y %\ld tell on u 7#a ,sam4 xxvii1 #h-ab74 ,x is said t ! ,italian b&it nev] plans a robb]y )\t invok+ a div9e bless+ ^u 8 und]tak+1 d\btless believ+ t ! ,god ( ,david1 ( ,moses1 & ( ,jo%ua /ill reigns4 ,jacob's wives1 ,leah & ,ra*el1 7 bo? ?ieves4 ,leah appropriat$ ! prop]ty ( h] son2 ,ra*el /ole h] fa!r's jewels4 ,nei!r act 0 condemn$4 ,:5 ?\ come/ into ?y neighbor's v9ey>d1 !n ?\ maye/ eat grapes ?y fill at ?9e own pleasure1 b ?\ %alt n put any 9 ?y vessel4 ,:5 ?\ come/ into ! /&+ corn ( ?y neighbor1 !n ?\ maye/ pluck ! e>s ) ?9e h&2 b ?\ %alt n move a sickle unto ?y neighbor's /&+ corn 7,deut4 xxiii1 #bd1 #be74 ,m5 d n despise a ?ief1 if he /eal to satisfy 8 s\l :5 he is hungry 7,prov4 vi1 #cj74 ,gr& l>c5y is condemn$1 b petty l>c5y is comm5d$4 ,*ri/ enjo9$ submission to robb]y3 ,( him t take? away ?y goods ask !m n aga9 7,luke vi1 #cj74 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4 ,,murd]--,,w>4 ,murd]4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x sanctions murd]4 ,x is true ! ,six? ,comm&m5t says1 ,?\ %alt n kill2 b ?is law is practically annull$ by innum]able comm&s f ! same s\rce1 l ! foll[+1 to kill3 ,?us sai? ! ,"l ,god ( ,israel1 ,put e man 8 sword by 8 side1 & g 9 & out f gate to gate ?r\gh\t ! camp1 & slay e man 8 bro!r1 & e man 8 companion1 & e man 8 neighbor 7,ex4 xxxii1 #bg74 ,sp>e !m n1 b slay bo? man & woman1 infant & suckl+ 7#a ,sam4 xv1 #c74 ,slay utt]ly old & "y1 bo? maids & little *ildr5 7,ezek4 ix1 #f7 ,curs$ be he t keepe? back 8 sword f blood 7,j]4 xlviii1 #aj74 ,= ! lead] & legislator ( 8 *os5 p1 ,god selects a murd]]4 ,! fir/ record$ act ( ,moses 0 prem$itat$ murd]4 ,he look$ ?is way & t way1 & :5 he saw t !re 0 no man1 he slew ! ,egyptian1 & hid him 9 ! s& 7,ex4 ii #ab74 ,= committ+ a murd]1 ,ph9ehas is rew>d$ by ,jehovah ) ! cov5ant ( an ev]la/+ prie/hood 7,num4 xxv1 #f-ac74 ,samuel hew$ ,agag1 a captive k+1 9 pieces be=e ! ,"l 7#a ,sam4 xv1 #cb1 #cc74 ,jehu murd]s all ! h\se ( ,ahab1 & ,god rew>ds him = x3 ,& ,joram turn$ 8 h&s & fl$1 & said to ,ahaziah1 ,!re is trea*]y1 ,o ,ahaziah4 ,& ,jehu drew a b[ ) 8 full /r5g?1 & smote ,jehoram betwe5 8 arms1 & ! arr[ w5t out at 8 he>t & he sunk d[n 9 8 *>iot4 ,b :5 ,ahaziah1 ! k+ ( ,judah1 saw ?is1 he fl$ by ! way ( ! g>d5 h\se4 ,& ,jehu foll[$ aft] him1 & said1 ,smite him also 9 ! *>iot4 ,& !y did s4 ,& :5 ,jehu 0 come to ,jezreel1 ,jezebel he>d ( x1 & %e pa9t$ h] face1 & tir$ h] head1 & look$ out at a w9d[4 ,& z ,jehu ent]$ 9 at ! gate %e said1 ,_h ,zimri peace :o slew 8 ma/]8 ,& he lift$ up 8 face to ! w9d[1 & said1 ,:o is on my side8 ,:o8 ,& !re look$ out to him two or ?ree eunu*s4 ,& he said1 ,?r[ h] d[n4 ,s !y ?rew h] d[n1 & "s ( h] blood 0 spr9kl$ on ! wall1 & on ! horses2 & he trode h] "u foot4 ,& :5 he 0 come 91 he did eat & dr9k1 & said1 ,g1 see n[ ?is curs$ woman1 & bury h]2 = %e is a k+'s daught]4 ,& !y w5t to bury h]1 b !y f\nd no m ( h] ?an ! skull1 & ! feet1 & ! palms ( h] h&s4 ,! dogs _h dev\r$ h]4 ,& ,ahab _h sev5ty sons 9 ,sam>ia4 ,& ,jehu wrote lett]s & s5t to ,sam>ia4444 ,& x came to pass :5 ! lett] came to !m1 t !y took ! k+'s sons1 & slew sev5ty p]sons1 & put _! heads 9 baskets1 & s5t him !m to ,jezreel4 ,s ,jehu slew all t rema9$ ( ! h\se ( ,ahab 9 ,jezreel1 & all 8 great m51 & 8 k9sfolks1 & 8 prie/s1 until he left him none rema9+4 ,& ! ,"l said unto ,jehu1 ,because ?\ ha/ done well 9 execut+ t :i* is "r 9 m9e eyes1 & ha/ done unto ! h\se ( ,ahab accord+ to all t 0 9 m9e he>t1 ?y *ildr5 ( ! f\r? g5]ation %all sit on ! ?rone ( ,israel 7#b ,k+s ix1 #bc1 #bd1 #bg1 #cj-ce2 x1 #a1 #g1 #aa1 #cj74 ,! assass9ation ( ,eglon by ,ehud 0 *>act]iz$ by ! base/ trea*]y & brutality4 ,eglon 0 k+ ( ,moab4 ,ehud c>ri$ a pres5t to him1 & aft] he _h deliv]$ ! pres5t he told ! k+ t he _h a private message = him4 ,eglon ord]$ 8 att5dants to retire1 & :5 alone ,ehud drew a l>ge dagg] f b5ea? 8 cloak & ?ru/ x ?r\gh ! body ( ! k+4 ,& ! ,bible tells u t ,god rais$ up ,ehud expressly = ?is "w 7,jud4 iii1 #ae-bc74 ,! w>me/ eulogy 9 ! ,bible is be/[$ ^u a murd]ess4 ,sis]a is a fugitive f battle4 ,he rea*es 9 safety ! t5t ( ,heb]1 8 fri5d4 ,heb] is abs5t1 b ,jael1 8 wife1 receives ! fugitive1 & bids him welcome4 ,%e gives him food1 spreads a s(t c\* = him1 & cov]s him ) h] mantle4 ,we>i$ ) 8 retreat1 & unconsci\s ( imp5d+ dang]1 ,sis]a soon s9ks into a pr(\nd slumb]4 ,) a t5t nail 9 "o h& & a hamm] 9 ! o!r1 ,jael approa*es ! b$side ( h] sleep+ gue/4 ,%e b5ds ov] him1 li/5s to assure h]self t he is asleep1 !n places ! nail aga9/ 8 temple1 & ) a bl[ drives x ?r\gh 8 head4 ,a /ruggle1 & ,sis]a is dead1 a victim ( "o ( ! mo/ damnable de$s ev] committ$4 ,9 honor ( ?is assass9ation1 ,god's favorite prophetess1 ,deborah1 s+s3 ,bless$ above wom5 %all ,jael1 ! wife ( ,heb] ! ,k5ite1 be2 bless$ %all %e be above wom5 9 ! t5t4 ,he ask$ wat]1 & %e gave him milk2 %e br\ght =? butt] 9 a lordly di%4 ,%e put h] h& to ! nail1 & h] "r h& to ! workman's hamm]2 & ) ! hamm] %e smote ,sis]a1 %e smote (f 8 head1 :5 %e _h pi]c$ & /rick5 ?r\gh 8 temples4 ,at h] feet he b[$1 he fell1 he lay d[n2 at h] feet he b[$1 he fell3 :]e he b[$1 !re he fell d[n dead4 ,! "m ( ,sis]a look$ out at a w9d[1 & cri$ ?r\gh ! lattice1 ,:y is 8 *>iot s long 9 com+8 ,:y t>ry ! :eels ( 8 *>iot8 7,jud4 v1 #bd-bh47 ,we wi% to place be=e our *ildr51 = _! emulation1 good & noble *>act]s4 ,we h be5 taught t 9 ! ,bible su* *>act]s may be f\nd4 ,y desire a model woman to place be=e y\r daught]4 ,:at "o w y select8 ,"h is a woman :om ! ,bible pron\nces bless$ above wom54 ,?is mu/ be a suitable model1 !n4 ,bless$ = :at8 ,= committ+ "o ( ! mo/ infam\s ( murd]s4 ,we _h a ,kansas girl :o foll[$ 9 ! foot/eps ( ?is bless$ woman4 ,ye>s ago1 across ! prairies ( s\!rn ,kansas /ret*$ a lonely road4 ,by its side1 f> f o!r habitations1 /ood an unpret5ti\s dwell+1 inhabit$ by f\r p]sons--fa!r1 "m1 son1 & daught]4 ,b ! daught] 0 ! rul+ _s !re4 ,_! only volume1 we are told1 0 a ,bible1 & ?is ! daught] read4 ,! h\se conta9s two rooms besides ! cell>4 ,! rooms are sep>at$ simply by a curta94 ,9 ! front room is kept a small /ock ( groc]ies4 ,"h1 too1 ) its back aga9/ ! curta91 & fa/5$ to ! floor1 /&s a *air4 ,above ! door is a sign ) ?is invit+ ^w1 ,provisions4 ,a travel] ent]s & makes "s pur*ases1 display+ a well-fill$ purse4 ,he is treat$ hospitably1 & invit$ to rema9 a:ile & re/4 ,we>i$1 he drops into ! *air1 8 head press+ aga9/ ! curta94 ,arm$ ) a hamm]1 ?is foll[] ( ,jael n[ approa*es f ! re>4 ,"o well-direct$ bl[1 & ! tir$ travel] s9ks into et]nal re/4 ,8 pockets are rifl$1 & 8 body ?r[n into ! cell>1 to be tak5 out at night & buri$ 9 ! little g>d5 beh9d ! dwell+4 ,"t rolls on2 ! travel] does n return4 ,day aft] day 8 wife at home1 ) anxi\s he>t1 pe]s ?r\gh ! w9d[ & sighs1 ,:y don't he come8 ,at l5g? suspicion re/s ^u ?is d5 ( infamy4 ,a se>* is in/itut$1 & ! g>d5 is f\nd to be a cemet]y1 fill$ ) ! bodies ( murd]$ travel]s--"o a little *ild4 ,9 ! mean "t ?is female mon/] ) h] k9 has fl$4 ,detectives are /ill se>*+ = h]4 ,!y'll nev] f9d h]4 ,:]e is %e8 ,9 heav5 ) ,jael4 ,n[ let "s mod]n ,deborah s+1 ,bless$ above maid5s %all ,kate ,b5d] be6 ,w>4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x sanctions w>s ( conque/ & ext]m9ation4 ,bless$ be ! ,"l1 my /r5g?1 :i* tea*e? my h&s to w> & my f+]s to fight 7,ps4 cxliv1 #a74 ,! ,old ,te/am5t is l>gely a record ( w>s & massacres4 ,god is repres5t$ z a man ( w>4 ,at 8 comm& :ole nations are ext]m9at$4 ,ye %all drive out all ! inhabitants ( ! l& f be=e y1 444 & ye %all dispossess ! inhabitants ( ! l&1 & dwell !re9 7,num4 xxxiii1 #eb1 #ec74 ,& ?\ %alt consume all ! p :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god %all deliv] !e2 ?9e eye %all h no pity ^u !m 7,deut4 vii1 #af74 ,( ! cities ( ^! p1 :i* ! ,"l ?y ,god do? give !e = an inh]itance1 ?\ %alt save alive no?+ t brea!?3 b ?\ %alt utt]ly de/roy !m 7,deut4 xx1 #af1 #ag74 ,& !y w>r$ aga9/ ! ,midianites1 z ! ,"l comm&$ ,moses2 & !y slew all ! males4444 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,israel took all ! wom5 ( ,midian captives1 & _! little ones1 & took ! spoil ( all _! cattle1 & all _! flocks1 & all _! goods4 ,& !y burnt all _! cities :]e9 !y dwelt1 & all _! goodly ca/les ) fire 7,num4 xxxi1 #g-aj74 ,moses is angry because ! wom5 & *ildr5 h be5 sav$1 & f ?is fi5di% conqu]or comes ! m&ate3 ,kill e male among ! little ones1 & kill e woman t ha? kn[n man4 ,! m\rn+ remnants ( tw5ty ?\s& families are ?us to be de/roy$4 ,! fa!rs1 f> away1 lie /ill 9 dea? beside ! sm\ld]+ ru9s ( _! once fair homes2 & n[ _! wives & little ones are doom$ to die4 ,! signal is s\nd$1 & ! massacre beg9s4 ,! mo!rs1 on b5d$ knees1 ) te>ful eyes & plead+ lips1 are ru?lessly cut d[n4 ,_! prattl+ babes1 9 unsuspect+ innoc5ce1 smile on ! uplift$ sword z if x 7 a glitt]+ toy1 & ! next mom5t feel x spe$+ ?r\gh _! little frames4 ,! daught]s only are sp>$--sp>$ to be ! wret*$ slaves ( ^? ^: h&s are r$ ) ! life-blood ( _! de> ones4 ,& ?is is b a prelude to ! sangu9>y sc5es t are to foll[4 ,rise ye up1 take y\r j\rney1 & pass ov] ! riv] ,arnon2 behold ,i h giv5 into ?9e h& ,sihon ! ,amorite1 k+ ( ,he%bon1 & 8 l&3 beg9 to possess x1 & cont5d ) him 9 battle4 ,?is day w ,i beg9 to put ! dread ( !e & ! fe> ( !e ^u ! nations t are "u ! :ole heav51 :o %all he> report ( !e1 & %all tremble1 & be 9 angui% because ( !e4 ,& we took all 8 cities at t "t1 & utt]ly de/roy$ ! m51 & ! wom51 & ! little ones ( e city1 we left none to rema9 7,deut4 ii1 #bd1 #be1 #cd74 ,! ,"l our ,god deliv]$ into our h&s ,og also1 ! k+ ( ,ba%an1 & all 8 p1 & we smote him until none 0 left to him rema9+4 ,& we took all 8 cities at t "t1 !re 0 n a city :i* we took n f !m1 ?reescore cities4444 ,& we utt]ly de/roy$ !m z we did unto ,sihon k+ ( ,he%bon1 utt]ly de/roy+ ! m51 wom51 & *ildr5 ( e city 7,deut4 iii1 #c-f74 ,moses dies1 & ,jo%ua next leads ,jehovah's troops4 ,& ! ,"l said unto ,jo%ua1 ,see1 ,i h giv5 into ?9e h& ,j]i*o4444 ,& !y utt]ly de/roy$ all t 0 9 t city1 bo? man & woman1 "y & old 7,jo%4 vi1 #b1 #ba74 ,& ! ,"l said unto ,jo%ua1 ,/ret* out ! spe> t is 9 ?y h& t[>d ,ai2 = ,i w give x into ?9e h&4444 ,& s x 01 t all t fell t day1 bo? ( m5 & wom51 7 twelve ?\s&4444 ,& ,jo%ua burnt ,ai1 & made x a heap =ev] 7,jo%4 viii1 #ah1 #be1 #bh74 ,& ,jo%ua pass$ f ,libnah1 & all ,israel ) him1 unto ,la*i%1 & encamp$ aga9/ x1 & f\ght aga9/ x4 ,& ! ,"l deliv]$ ,la*i% into ! h&s ( ,israel1 :i* took x on ! second day1 & smote x ) ! edge ( ! sword1 & all ! s\ls t 7 !re9 7,jo%4 x1 #ca1 #cb74 ,& f ,la*i% ,jo%ua pass$ unto ,eglon1 & all ,israel ) him2 & !y encamp$ aga9/ x1 & f\ght aga9/ x4 ,& !y took x on t day1 & smote x ) ! edge ( ! sword1 & all ! s\ls t 7 !re9 he utt]ly de/roy$ t day 7,jo%4 x1 #cd1 #ce74 ,?us city aft] city falls1 & nation aft] nation is vanqui%$1 until ?irty-"o k+doms h be5 de/roy$4 ,& /ill !re rema9e? mu* l& to be possess$1 & _m millions m ( un(f5d+ p to be sla9 to please ?is ,god ( ,w>4 ,*ri/ came1 h]ald$ z ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace4 ,b he came n to s5d peace b a sword--a sword 8 own arm 0 too weak to wield1 b :i* 8 foll[]s h us$ ) dire effect4 ,expunge f ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/5dom ! record ( its ?\s& w>s & little w rema94 ,f ! "t t ,con/ant9e inscrib$ ! emblem ( ! cross ^u 8 bann] to ! pres5t h\r1 ! *ur* ( ,*ri/ has be5 upheld by ! sword4 ,five million troops ma9ta9 its political supremacy 9 ,europe to-day4 ,to express our national ackn[l$gm5t ( ,almighty ,god z ! s\rce ( all au?ority 9 civil gov]nm5t2 ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ z ! rul] ( nations1 & ( 8 reveal$ w z ( supreme au?ority2 9 %ort1 to make ?is a ,*ri/ian nation1 z ,bible morali/s dem&1 means a /&+ army 9 ?is c\ntry ( five hundr$ ?\s& m54 ,! ,bible has inspir$ m w>s 9 ,*ri/5dom ?an all else comb9$4 ,x is a f\nta9 ( blood1 & ! crimson riv]s t h fl[$ f x w\ld float ! navies ( ! _w4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4 ,,human ,,sacrifices--,,cannibalism--,,wit*craft 4 ,human ,sacrifices4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x sanctions human sacrifices4 ,no devot$ ?+1 t a man %all devote unto ! ,"l ( all t he ha?1 bo? ( man & bea/1 & ( ! field ( 8 possession1 %all be sold or r$eem$2 e devot$ ?+ is mo/ holy unto ! ,"l4 ,none devot$1 :i* %all be devot$ ( m51 %all be r$eem$2 b %all surely be put to dea? 7,lev4 xxvii1 #bh1 #bi74 ,god comm&s ,abraham to sacrifice 8 son3 ,take n[ ?y son1 ?9e only son ,isaac1 :om ?\ love/1 & get !e into ! l& ( ,moriah2 & (f] him !re = a burnt (f]+ 7,g54 xxii1 #b74 ,! ord] 0 c\nt]m&$1 b ! p]usal ( ?is text has driv5 ?\s&s to insanity & murd]4 ,t a fam9e may cease1 ,david sacrifices ! sons ( ,saul3 ,:]e=e ,david said unto ! ,gibeonites1 ,:at %all ,i d = y8 & :]e) %all ,i make ! atonem5t1 t ye may bless ! inh]itance ( ! ,"l8444 ,& !y answ]$ ! k+1 ,! man t consum$ u & devis$ aga9/ u4444 ,let sev5 m5 ( 8 sons be deliv]$ unto u1 & we w hang !m up unto ! ,"l4444 ,& ! k+ said1 ,i w give !m4 ,& he deliv]$ !m unto ! h&s ( ! ,gibeonites1 & !y hang$ !m 9 ! hill be=e ! ,"l2 & !y fell all sev5 toge!r1 & 7 put to dea? 9 ! days ( ! h>ve/ 7#b ,sam4 xxi74 ,! sacrifice1 we are told1 0 accept$1 & ! fam9e ceas$4 ,five ( ^! innoc5t victims1 if ! ,bible be true1 7 ! sons ( ,mi*al1 ,david's own wife4 ,two 7 ! sons ( ,rizpah4 ,?r\gh\t t long summ]--f ,april till ,octob]--9 ! heat & gl>e ( ! day & ! *ill & d>kness ( ! night1 ,rizpah1 brok5-he>t$1 t5d]ly wat*es & protects ! decay+ bodies ( h] dead sons & relatives4 ,& ,rizpah ! daught] ( ,aiah took sackclo?1 & spread x = h] ^u ! rock1 f ! beg9n+ ( h>ve/ until wat] dropp$ ^u !m out ( heav51 & suff]$ nei!r ! birds ( ! air to re/ on !m by day1 nor ! bea/s ( ! field by night4 ,:5 ,i dwell on ?is d>k trag$y1 & contra/ ! love & devotion ( ?is agoniz$ & despair+ ,hebrew "m ) ! malignant hatr$ & he>tless cruelty ( ?is ,bible ,god & 8 despicable ag5t1 humanity rises to ! highe/ heav5 & div9ity s9ks to ! l[e/ hell4 ,! pa!tic /ory ( ,jeph?ah's daught] is famili> to all4 ,jeph?ah is a w>rior1 & makes a v[ t if he is p]mitt$ to conqu] ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon1 ^u 8 return ! fir/ t meets him at ! door w be (f]$ up = a burnt (f]+ unto ! ,"l4 ,he is successful2 ! ,"l p]mits him to defeat ! *ildr5 ( ,ammon4 ,^u 8 return ! fir/ to meet him is 8 daught]1 an only *ild4 ,he tells h] ( 8 v[4 ,%e prays = two brief mon?s to live4 ,h] pray] is grant$1 & at ! expiration ( ?is "t1 ! ,bible tells u t ,jeph?ah did ) h] accord+ to ! v[ :i* he _h v[$ 7,jud4 xi1 #bf-dj74 ,describ+ ! fulfilm5t ( ?is t]rible v[1 ,dr4 ,oort says3 ,?is victim1 cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 0 l$ r\nd ! alt> ) music & song 9 honor ( ,yahweh4 ,%e met h] cruel fate )\t %r9k+4 ,b :o %all say h[ sick at he>t h] fa!r 0 :5 he /ruck t fatal bl[ ) 8 own h& & saw ! blood ( 8 d>l+ *ild p\r$ out ^u ! sacr$ /one1 :ile h] body 0 burn$ ^u ! alt>8 7,bible = ,le>n]s1 ,vol4 ,i41 p4 #djh47 ,9 t frightful sacrifice t he p]=m$--break+ ! holie/ dome/ic ties--we d b see ! disa/r\s results ( a mi/ak5 fai? 7,ibid41 p4 #daa74 ,! celebrat$ ,jewi% comm5tator1 ,dr4 ,kalis*1 :ile endeavor+ to palliate z f> z possible ! crimes ( 8 p1 admits t human sacrifices 7 n uncommon among !m3 ,! fact /&s indisputable t human sacrifices (f]$ to ,jehovah 7 possible among ! ,hebrews long aft] ! "t ( ,moses1 )\t meet+ a *eck or c5sure f ! tea*]s & lead]s ( ! nation 7,leviticus1 ,"p ,i41 p4 #che74 ,"o in/ance l t ( ,jeph?ah n only ju/ifies1 b necessitates1 ! influ5ce ( a g5]al cu/om4 ,pi\s m5 slaught]$ human victims1 n to ,molo*1 nor to any o!r =eign deity1 b to ! national ,god1 ,jehovah 7,ibid41 p4 #cij74 ,jules ,s\ry says3 ,no?+ is bett] e/abli%$ ?an ! exi/5ce ( human sacrifices among ! ,hebrews 9 honor ( ,iahveh1 & t d[n to ! "t ( ,josiah1 p]haps ev5 until ! return f ! ,babyloni% captivity 7,religion ( ,israel1 p4 #df74 ,! ,*ur*1 hav+ receiv$ ! b5efits ( a sacrific$ ,god1 deems human sacrifices no long] necess>y4 ,b :at c be said ( ! ,*ur* z a :ole _c be said ( all its individual memb]s4 ,sc>cely a ye> passes )\t ! sacrifice ( human be+s by ^? :o believe ! ,bible to be inspir$1 & :o believe t :at 0 "r ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago is "r to-day4 ,! sacrifice ( little ,b5 ,smi? at ,los ,angeles1 9 #ahhb1 is /ill rememb]$ by "s4 ,8 fa!r 0 conv]t$ at a ,me?odi/ revival4 ,he became v religi\s4 ,! press dispat*es /at$ t = sev]al mon?s he devot$ 8 "t to ! /udy ( ! ,bible until he n only conv9c$ himself t he ought to make a human sacrifice1 b br\ght 8 wife & _! only *ild1 a boy ( ?irte51 to acquiesce1 9 8 views4 ,i quote f ! "m's te/imony3 ,:5 he talk$ to me & p]suad$ me t a good wife ought to ?9k z h] husb& did1 ,i got s z to take :atev] he said z ! tru?4 ,he made u fa/1 & :5 ,b5 ask$ him if ,god _h ord]$ u to />ve he said yes4 ,:5 he ann\nc$ t ! boy mu/ be kill$ we bo? remon/rat$1 b f9ally ?\ght x 0 all "r4 ,on ! day appo9t$ = ! c]emony he call$ ,b5 out ( ! h\se & told him he _h to die = our savior4 ,! little fell[ knelt d[n & ,i got on my knees by 8 side2 ,john rais$ ! knife1 look$ h>d into ! boy's face1 & !n drove ! knife into 8 brea/4 ,"h ! "m 0 ov]come ) grief4 ,rega9+ h] composure1 %e cont9u$3 ,i am always ?9k+ ( ,b52 ,i am always he>+ him 9 ! night ask+ to be br\ght 9 & laid on 8 b$1 & begg+ = a little wat] be=e he di$4 ,let me recall ano!r half-=gott5 sc5e4 ,9 a quiet village ( ,new ,engl& live a pair :om nature meant = good1 k9d citiz5s4 ,b !y h become infatuat$ ) ! ,bible4 ,!y believe x to be infallible4 ,day aft] day !y pore ov] its pages4 ,!y dwell ) especial int]e/ ^u ! /ory ( ,abraham & ,isaac1 until at la/ !y become impress$ ) ! belief t !y1 too1 are call$ ^u to (f] up _! *ild4 ,! fatal h\r arrives4 ,n]v$ = ! cruel de$1 !y approa* ! b$side ( _! *ild1 a sweet-fac$1 curly-hair$ girl ( f\r4 ,h[ placidly %e re/s6 ,fold$ ^u h] brea/ are dimpl$ h&s1 :ite z ! w9t] sn[2 curta9$ 9 slumb] are eyes z mild z ! summ] sky4 ,h[ beautiful6 ,h[ pure6 ,we w\ld risk our lives to save t pretty ?+ f h>m4 ,h[ de>1 !n1 mu/ %e be to t fa!r & t "m6 ,%e is _! idol4 ,b t idol is ab\t to be sacrific$ ^u ! alt> ( sup]/ition4 ,!re !y /&--! "m ) a lamp 9 h] h&1 ! fa!r ) a knife4 ,!y gaze = a mom5t ^u _! sleep+ victim4 ,!n ! fa!r lifts 8 arm & plunges ! knife into ! he>t ( 8 *ild6 ,a quiv]--! blue eyes op51 & ca/ a reproa*ful look ^u ! p>5t4 ,! little lips exclaim1 ,o papa6 & ! sacrifice is made6 ,y may say ^! p 7 insane4 ,aye1 b :at made !m insane8 ,& :at1 m ?an almo/ any o!r cause1 is fill+ our asylums ) ^! un=tunate p8 ,! va9 attempt to reconcile ) reason ! irreconcilable tea*+s ( ! ,bible4 ,cannibalism4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x tea*es ! horrible cu/om ( cannibalism4 ,! fa!rs %all eat ! sons 9 ! mid/ ( !e1 & ! sons %all eat _! fa!rs 7,ezek4 v1 #aj74 ,& ye %all eat ! fle% ( y\r sons1 & ! fle% ( y\r daught]s %all ye eat 7,lev4 xxvi1 #bi74 ,& ,i w cause !m to eat ! fle% ( _! sons & ! fle% ( _! daught]s1 & !y %all eat e "o ! fle% ( 8 fri5d 7,j]4 xix1 #i74 ,& ?\ %alt eat ! fruit ( ?9e own body1 ! fle% ( ?y sons & ( ?y daught]s4444 ,s t ! man t is t5d] among y1 & v delicate1 8 eye %all be evil t[>d 8 bro!r1 & t[>d ! wife ( 8 bosom1 & t[>d ! remnant ( 8 *ildr5 :i* he %all leave2 s t he w n give to any ( !m ! fle% ( 8 *ildr5 :om he %all eat4444 ,! t5d] & delicate woman among y1 :i* w\ld n adv5ture to set ! sole ( h] foot ^u ! gr\nd = delicat5ess & t5d]ness1 h] eye %all be evil t[>d ! husb& ( h] bosom1 & t[>d h] son1 & t[>d h] daught]1 444 = %e %all eat !m 7,deut4 xxviii1 #ec-eg74 ,! h&s ( ! pitiful wom5 h sodd5 boil$ _! own *ildr5 7,lam4 iv1 #aj74 ,& ! k+ said unto h]1 ,:at aile? !e8 ,& %e answ]$1 ,?is woman said unto me1 ,give ?y son t we may eat him to-day1 & we w eat my son to-morr[4 ,s we boil$ my son1 & did eat him4 ,& ,i said unto h] on ! next day1 ,give ?y son t we may eat him2 & %e ha? hid h] son 7#b ,k+s vi1 #bh1 #bi74 ,y w say t ^! 7 puni%m5ts inflict$ ^u ^! p = _! s9s4 ,& y w h u believe t ^! puni%m5ts 7 j4 ,/range ju/ice6 a m]ciful ,god compell+ a />v+ "m to kill & dev\r h] own *ild6 ,except ye eat ! fle% ( ! ,son ( ,man & dr9k 8 blood1 ye h no life 9 y 7,john vi1 #ec74 ,! *ur* p]petuates ! idea1 if n ! practice1 ( cannibalism4 ,! ,*ri/ian takes a piece ( bread1 & tries to make himself & ! _w believe t he is eat+ ! body ( ,*ri/2 he takes a sup ( w9e1 & says1 ,?is is ,*ri/'s blood4 ,y\r sacram5tal fea/ po9ts to ! "t :5 savage prie/s ga!r$ ar\nd ! fe/al bo>d & supp$ on human fle% & blood4 ,primitive ,*ri/ians1 _m ( !m1 7 guilty ( cannibalism4 ,9 _! ,agap !y 7 accu/om$ to kill & eat an infant4 ,dr4 ,cave 9 8 ,primitive ,*ri/ianity 7,"p ,,iii41 *4 i7 says3 ,epiphanius reports t ! ,gno/ics 7a sect ( primitive ,*ri/ians7 at _! meet+s 7 wont to take an infant begott5 9 _! promiscu\s mixtures1 &1 beat+ x 9 a mort>1 to season x ) honey & pepp] & "s o!r spices & p]fumes to make x palatable1 & !n l sw9e or dogs to dev\r x1 & !n to conclude all ) pray]4 ,m]$i?1 9 ,! ,prophet ( ,naz>e?1 says3 ,s well kn[n 7 ^? horrid vices to be c>ri$ on by ,*ri/ians 9 _! nocturnal & secret assemblies1 & s c]ta9 x 0 ?\ght t e "o :o 0 a ,*ri/ian p>ticipat$ 9 !m1 t = a p]son to be kn[n to be a ,*ri/ian 0 ?\ght a /rong presumptive pro( t he 0 guilty ( ^! (f5ses4444 ,x w\ld appe>1 h[ev]1 t1 ow+ to ! extreme measures tak5 aga9/ !m by ! ,romans1 bo? 9 ,italy & 9 all ! prov9ces1 ! ,*ri/ians1 by degrees1 7 =c$ to ab&on entirely 9 _! ,agap infant murd]s1 toge!r ) e species ( obsc5ity1 reta9+1 nev]!less1 "s ( !m1 su* z ! kiss ( *>ity1 & ! bread & w9e1 :i* !y cont5d$ 0 transub/antiat$ into real fle% & blood4 ,9 ! remote di/ricts ( ,*ri/ian ,russia1 :]e ! rays ( our civilization h n yet p5etrat$ ! d>kness ( !ology1 :]e ,bible morals are /ill supreme1 we are told t ev5 at ! pres5t "t a m t]ribly real =m atta*es to ?is eu*>i/ic c]emony4 ,f ,h>p]'s ,weekly ,i quote ! foll[+3 ,we he> ( horrid sects at pres5t 9 ,russia1 practic+ cannibal & human sacrifices ) rites almo/ m devili% ?an any record$ 9 hi/ory4 ',! communism ( ! fle% ( ! ,lamb' & '! communism ( ! blood ( ! ,lamb' really seem to h be5 inv5t$ by ! l[e/ demons ( ! bottomless pit4 ,! subject is too revolt+ to be pursu$ 9 detail2 x is en\gh to say t an infant sev5 days old is b&ag$ ov] ! eyes1 /ret*$ ov] a di%1 & a silv] spoon ?ru/ into ! side s z to pi]ce ! he>t4 ,! elect suck ! *ild's blood--t is '! blood ( ! ,lamb6' ,! body is left to dry up 9 ano!r di% full ( sage1 !n cru%$ into p[d] & eat5--t is '! fle% ( ! ,lamb6' ,wit*craft4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x recognizes z a v]ity ! delusion ( wit*craft & puni%es ) dea? its victims4 ,! ,god t inspir$ ! acc\nt ( ,saul's int]view ) ! wit* ( ,endor 0 z ?or\gh a believ] 9 wit*craft z ! mo/ sup]/iti\s crone ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,manasseh us$ en*antm5ts1 & us$ wit*craft1 & dealt ) a famili> _s1 & ) wiz>ds 7#b ,*ron4 xxxiii1 #f74 ,isaiah speaks ( wiz>ds t peep & mutt] 7,isa4 viii1 #ai74 ,samuel 7#a ,sam1 xv1 #bc7 & ,micah 7v1 #ab7 & ,nahum 7iii1 #d7 & ,paul 7,gal4 v1 #bj7 all admit ! reality ( wit*craft4 ,! decl9e 9 ! belief ( wiz>ds & wit*es d5otes a decl9e ( fai? 9 ! ,bible4 ,until a v rec5t p]iod1 ^? :o pr(ess$ to believe 9 ! div9ity ( ! ,bible also pr(ess$ to believe 9 ! reality ( wit*craft4 ,giv+ up wit*craft1 says ,john ,wesley1 is1 9 effect1 giv+ up ! ,bible 7,j\rnal1 #agfh74 ,sir ,william ,black/one says3 ,to d5y ! possibility--nay1 actual exi/5ce--( wit*craft & sorc]y is at once flatly to contradict ! reveal$ ^w ( ,god 9 v>i\s passages bo? ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,sir ,mat!w ,hale says3 ,! ,bible leaves no d\bt z to ! reality ( wit*craft & ! duty ( putt+ its subjects to dea?4 ,i %\ld h no compassion on ^! wit*es4 said ,lu!r2 ,i w\ld burn !m all 7,table ,talk74 ,?\ %alt n suff] a wit* to live 7,ex4 xxii1 #ah74 ,a man also or a woman t ha? a familial _s1 or t is a wiz>d1 %all surely be put to dea? 7,lev4 xx1 #bg74 ,oh1 t ,i c\ld br+ to view ! suff]+ & dea? ^! texts h caus$6 ,millions h di$ because ( !m4 ,"o ?\s& 7 burn$ at ,como 9 "o ye>2 #hjj 7 burn$ at ,wrzburg 9 "o ye>2 #ejj p]i%$ at ,g5eva 9 ?ree mon?s2 #hj 7 burn$ 9 a s+le village ( ,savoy2 n9e wom5 7 burn$ 9 a s+le fire at ,lei?2 sixty 7 hang$ at ,suffolk2 #c1jjj 7 legally execut$ dur+ "o session ( ,p>liam5t1 :ile ?\s&s m 7 put to dea? by mobs2 ,remy1 a ,*ri/ian judge1 execut$ #hjj2 #fjj 7 burn$ by "o bi%op at ,bamburg2 ,boguet burn$ #fjj at ,/4 ,cl\d2 ?\s&s 7 put to dea? by ! ,lu!rans ( ,norway & ,sw$52 ,ca?olic ,spa9 but*]$ ?\s&s2 ,presbyt]ians 7 responsible = ! dea? ( #d1jjj 9 ,scotl&2 #ej1jjj 7 s5t5c$ to dea? dur+ ! reign ( ,francis ,i42 #g1jjj di$ at ,treves2 ! numb] kill$ 9 ,p>is 9 a few mon?s is decl>$ to h be5 almo/ inf9ite4 ,dr4 ,spr5g] places ! total numb] ( executions = wit*craft 9 ,europe at n9e millions4 ,= c5turies wit* fires burn$ 9 ne>ly e t[n ( ,europe1 & ?is ,bible text1 ,?\ %all n suff] a wit* to live1 0 ! tor* t k9dl$ !m4 ,f\r hundr$ 7 burn$ at ,t\l\se 9 "o day4 ,?9k ( x6 ,f\r hundr$ wom5--guilty ( no crime1 save t :i* exi/s 9 ! diseas$ imag9ations ( _! accus]s--f\r hundr$ mo!rs1 wives1 & daught]s1 tak5 out ^u ! public squ>e1 *a9$ to po/s1 ! fagots pil$ ar\nd !m1 & burn$ to dea?6 ,see !m wri?+ 9 ! flames--li/5 to _! pite\s %rieks--f\r hundr$ voices rais$ 9 "o wild *orus ( agony6 ,& all because ! ,bible says1 ,?\ %alt n suff] a wit* to live4 ,only a few ye>s ago1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,novgorod1 ,russia1 a woman 0 burnt = wit*craft4 ,agraf5a 0 a soldi]'s wid[1 & possess$ ( m ?an ord9>y gifts ( m9d4 ,b ignorance & sup]/ition prevail$ ar\nd h]4 ,e /range occurr5ce1 e disease t c\ld n be acc\nt$ =1 0 ! result ( wit*craft4 ,"o day a f>m]'s daught] 0 seiz$ ) "s viol5t disease1 & 9 h] p>oxysms ( pa9 %e *anc$ to brea! ! "n ( ,agraf5a4 ,t 0 en\gh2 ,agraf5a 0 a wit*4 ,a mob 0 rais$ & l$ to ! wid['s dwell+4 ,!y call$ h] to ! door1 p>ley$ ) h] a mom5t1 !n ?ru/ h] back into ! h\se1 fa/5$ its doors1 & set x on fire4 ,& :ile x 0 burn+1 ?is mob1 l$ by ,*ri/ian prie/s1 /ood ar\nd x1 s++ praises to ,god--_! /ra9s bl5d$ ) ! %rieks ( ?is dy+ woman--dy+ because ! ,bible says1 ,?\ %alt n suff] a wit* to live4 ,& 9 our own ,am]ica ! blight+ influ5ce ( ?is delusion & ?is brutal /atute has be5 felt4 ,) ! soil ( our ,republic is m+l$ ! du/ ( murd]$ wom5--murd]$ because ! ,bible says1 ,?\ %alt n suff] a wit* to live4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix4 ,,slav]y--,,polygamy4 ,slav]y4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x sanctions ! infam\s crime ( human slav]y4 ,bo? ?y bondm5 & ?y bondmaids1 :i* ?\ %alt h1 %all be ( ! hea!n t are r\nd ab\t y2 ( !m %all ye buy bondm5 & bondmaids4 ,moreov]1 ( ! *ildr5 ( ! /rang]s t d soj\rn among y2 ( !m %all ye buy1 & ( _! families t are ) y1 :i* !y begat 9 y\r l&2 & !y %all be y\r possession4 ,& ye %all take !m z an inh]itance = y\r *ildr5 aft] y1 to inh]it !m = a possession2 !y %all be y\r bondm5 =ev] 7,lev4 xx4 v1 #dd-df74 ,9 c]ta9 cases !y 7 ev5 p]mitt$ to enslave ! memb]s ( _! own race4 ,if ?\ buy a ,hebrew s]vant1 six ye>s he %all s]ve2 & 9 ! sev5? he %all g out free = no?+4 ,if he came 9 by himself1 he %all g out by himself2 if he 7 m>ri$1 !n 8 wife %all g out ) him4 ,if 8 ma/] h giv5 him a wife1 & %e h borne him sons or daught]s1 ! wife & h] *ildr5 %all be h] ma/]'s & he %all g out by himself 7,ex4 xxi1 #b-d74 ,if he desires 8 lib]ty he mu/ des]t 8 wife & little ones4 ,to become a freeman he mu/ become an exile4 ,& if ! s]vant %all pla9ly say1 ,i love my ma/]1 my wife1 & my *ildr52 ,i w n g out free1 !n 8 ma/] %all br+ him unto ! judges2 he %all also br+ him unto ! door1 or unto ! door-po/2 & 8 ma/] %all bore 8 e>s ?r\gh ) an awl2 & he %all s]ve him =ev] 7#e1 #f74 ,& he said1 ,curs$ be ,canaan2 a s]vant ( s]vants %all he be unto 8 bre?r54 ,& he said1 ,bless$ be ! ,"l ,god ( ,%em2 & ,canaan %all be 8 s]vant4 ,god %all enl>ge ,japhe?1 & he %all dwell 9 ! t5ts ( ,%em2 & ,canaan %all be 8 s]vant 7,g54 ix1 #be-bg74 ,nor is x ! ,jewi% ,scriptures alone :i* sanction slav]y4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures are n less emphatic 9 _! indorsem5t ( x4 ,let z _m s]vants z are "u ! yoke c\nt _! own ma/]s wor?y ( all honor 7#a ,tim4 vi1 #a74 ,exhort s]vants to be ob$i5t unto _! ma/]s 7,titus ii1 #i74 ,s]vants1 be ob$i5t to !m t are y\r ma/]s accord+ to ! fle%1 ) fe> & trembl+ 7,eph4 vi1 #e74 ,s]vants1 be subject to y\r ma/]s ) all fe>2 n only to ! good & g5tle1 b also to ! fr[>d 7#a ,pet4 ii1 #ah74 ,x may be urg$ t ! t]m s]vant "h ref]s to a hir$ s]vant4 ,n s2 :]ev] ! ^w s]vant occurs 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x means slave 9 its wor/ s5se4 ,! ,fugitive ,slave law1 :i* made u a nation ( kidnapp]s1 d]iv$ its au?ority f ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,paul _h e/abli%$ a prec$5t by return+ a fugitive slave to 8 ma/]4 ,ref]r+ to ?is act ( ,paul1 ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,/r+fell[ ( ,virg9ia wrote3 ,oh1 h[ immeasurably diff]5t ,paul's conduct to ?is slave & ma/]1 f ! conduct ( our abolition bre?r56 ,?is is suffici5t to tea* any man t slav]y is n1 9 ! sight ( ,god1 :at x is 9 ! sight ( ! abolitioni/s 7,scriptural ,view ( ,slav]y74 ,! ,rev4 ,moses ,/u>t ( ,massa*usetts wrote3 ,:at1 n[1 h we "h8 ,paul s5d+ back a ,*ri/ian s]vant1 :o _h run away f 8 ,*ri/ian ma/]4444 ,paul's consci5ce s5t back ! fugitive slave4 ,paul's consci5ce1 !n1 l 8 doctr9es1 0 v diff]5t f t ( ! abolitioni/s4 ,x 0 no easy task to conv9ce ! ,bible morali/ t slav]y 0 wrong4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* ,revolutioni/s reject$ ! ,bible1 !y aboli%$ slav]y 9 ! colonies4 ,:5 ! *ur* rega9$ control ( ! gov]nm5t1 ! ,bible came back1 & ) x slav]y4 ,:5 ,cl>kson's bill = ! abolition ( slav]y 0 be=e ,p>liam5t1 ,"l ,*ancellor ,?url[ *>act]iz$ x z a mis]able & contemptible bill1 & contr>y to ! ,^w ( ,god4 ,*>les ,bradlaugh1 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 writ+ ( 8 own ,*ri/ian ,engl&1 says3 ,george ,,iii41 a mo/ ,*ri/ian k+1 reg>d$ abolition !ories ) abhorr5ce1 & ! ,*ri/ian ,h\se ( ,lords 0 utt]ly oppos$ to grant+ fre$om to ! slave4 ,:5 ,*ri/ian mission>ies1 "s sixty ye>s ago1 prea*$ to ,dem]>a negroes "u ! rule ( ,*ri/ian ,engl&1 !y 7 treat$ by ,*ri/ian judges1 hold+ commission f ,*ri/ian ,engl&1 z crim9als = s prea*+4 ,a ,*ri/ian commission$ (fic]1 memb] ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 sign$ ! auction notices = ! sale ( slaves z late z #ahbd4 ,! mo/ zeal\s def5d]s ( slav]y 9 ?is c\ntry 7 ,bible morali/s4 ,! ,rev4 ,alex&] ,campbell wrote3 ,!re is n "o v]se 9 ! ,bible inhibit+ slav]y1 b _m regulat+ x4 ,x is n !n1 we conclude1 immoral4 ,! ,rev4 ,e4 ,d4 ,simms1 pr(essor 9 ,r&olph-,macon ,college1 wrote3 ,^! extracts f ,holy ,writ unequivocally ass]t ! "r ( prop]ty 9 slaves4 ,! ,rev4 ,r4 ,furman1 ,d4 ,d41 ,bapti/1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 said3 ,! "r ( hold+ slaves is cle>ly e/abli%$ 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures1 bo? by precept & example4 ,rev4 ,?omas ,)]spoon1 ,presbyt]ian1 ( ,alabama1 said3 ,i draw my w>rant f ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t to hold ! slave 9 bondage4 ,said ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,crawd]1 ,me?odi/1 ( ,virg9ia3 ,slav]y is n only c\nt5anc$1 p]mitt$1 & regulat$ by ! ,bible1 b x 0 positively in/itut$ by ,god himself4 ,y say t ?is is ! te/imony ( int]e/$ p>ties1 t ! ,s\? 0 int]e/$ 9 p]petuat+ slav]y4 ,true1 b :]e did y\r ,nor!rn !ologians /&8 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,wilbur ,fisk1 ,presid5t ( ,wesleyan ,univ]sity1 ?us wrote3 ,! ,new ,te/am5t enjo9s ob$i5ce ^u ! slave z an obligation due to a pres5t rightful au?ority4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,na?an ,"l1 ,presid5t ( ,d>tm\? ,college1 wrote3 ,slav]y 0 incorporat$ into ! civil in/itutions ( ,moses2 x 0 recogniz$ accord+ly by ,*ri/ & 8 apo/les4 ,!y regulat$ x by ! j & b5evol5t pr9ciples ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y condemn$ all int]m$dl]s ) x4 ,pr(essor ,hodge1 ( ,pr9ceton1 said3 ,! ,savior f\nd x ar\nd him1 ! ,apo/les met ) x 9 ,asia1 ,greece1 & ,italy4 ,h[ did !y treat x8 ,n by d5unciation ( slave-hold+ z necess>ily s9ful4 ,said ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,taylor1 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,!ological ,dep>tm5t ( ,yale ,college3 ,i h no d\bt t if ,jesus ,*ri/ 7 n[ on e>?1 he w\ld1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 become a slavehold]4 ,x is n[ half-=gott5 t ! ,nor? z well z ! ,s\? once practic$ slav]y--t ,new ,engl&1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 & ,p5nsylvania all held slaves4 ,*ri/ian ,new ,engl&1 :i* made ! ,bible bo? its legal & moral code1 = m ?an "o hundr$ ye>s1 held ,negroes & ,indians 9 slav]y1 & ev5 sold ,quak] *ildr5 into bondage4 ,p>i% m9i/]s all ov] ,new ,engl&1 says ! ,rev4 ,william ,goodell1 own$ slaves 7,am]ican ,slave ,code1 p4 #ajf74 ,cl]ical slavehold]s 9 ! ,s\? trampl$ "u foot ! relations ( wife & "m2 & cl]ical slavehold]s 9 ! ,nor? did ! same4 ,mr4 ,goodell says3 ,ev5 9 ,puritan ,new ,engl&1 sev5ty ye>s ago1 female slaves1 9 m9i/]s' & magi/rates' families1 bore *ildr51 black or yell[1 )\t m>riage4 ,no "o inquir$ :o _! fa!rs 71 & no?+ m 0 ?\ght ( x ?an ( ! bre$+ ( %eep or sw9e 7,ibid41 p4 #aaa74 ,a ,congregational m9i/] at ,hampton1 ,conn4 7,rev4 ,mr4 ,mosely71 sep>at$ by sale a husb& & wife :o 7 bo? ( !m memb]s ( 8 own *ur*1 & :o _h be51 by 8 own (ficiat+ act z a m9i/]1 unit$ 9 m>riage 7,ibid41 p4 #aad74 ,let me cite "o ( ! laws ( ! ,bible relative to ! treatm5t ( slaves--a law :i* demons w\ld blu% to indorse1 b :i* a m]ciful 787 ,god enact$ = ! guidance ( 8 *ildr53 ,if a man smite 8 s]vant1 or 8 maid1 ) a rod1 & he die "u 8 h&1 he %all be surely puni%$4 ,not)/&+1 if he cont9ue a day or two1 he %all n be puni%$3 = he is 8 money 7,ex4 xxi1 #bj1 #ba74 ,"h a ma/] may brutally beat 8 slave1 & if t slave l+] 9 ! agonies ( dea? a day or two be=e dy+1 he %all n be puni%$1 because ! slave is 8 money4 ,goodell's ,am]ican ,slave ,code1 a "w writt5 by a ,*ri/ian cl]gyman1 & :i* ,i h already quot$1 conta9s f\r hundr$ pages ( outrages1 l ! foll[+1 committ$ by m5 :o accept$ ! ,bible z _! moral guide3 ,a m9i/] 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 a native ( ! ,nor?1 _h a /at$ ,sabba? appo9tm5t to prea*1 ab\t eight miles f 8 resid5ce4 ,he 0 9 ! habit ( rid+ ?i!r 9 8 gig4 ,beh9d him ran 8 negro slave on foot1 :o 0 requir$ to be at ! place ( appo9tm5t z soon z 8 ma/]1 to take c>e ( 8 horse4 ,sometimes he fell beh9d1 & kept 8 ma/] wait+ = him a few m9utes1 = :i* he always receiv$ a reprim&1 & 0 sometimes puni%$4 ,on "o occasion ( ?is k9d1 aft] s]mon1 ! ma/] told ! slave t he w\ld take c>e to h him keep up ) him1 go+ home4 ,s he ti$ him by ! wri/s1 ) a halt]1 to 8 gig beh9d1 & drove rapidly home4 ,! result 0 t1 ab\t two or ?ree miles f home1 ! poor fell['s feet & legs fail$ him1 & he 0 dragg$ on ! gr\nd all ! re/ ( ! way by ! wri/s6 ,on alight+ & look+ r\nd1 ! ma/] exclaim$1 ',well2 ,i ?\ght y w\ld keep up ) me ?is "t6' ,s say+1 he coolly walk$ into ! h\se4 ,! s]vants came out & took up ! poor suff]] = dead4 ,aft] a "t he reviv$ a little1 l+]$ = a day or two1 & di$6 ,0 ?is brutal m9i/] puni%$8 ,he 0 n4 ,if he cont9ue a day or two1 he %all n be puni%$3 = he is 8 money4 ,0 he sil5c$ f prea*+8 0 he ev5 reprim&$ by ! *ur*8 ,no4 ,)\t puni%m5t1 )\t c5sure1 he cont9u$ to prea* ,bible morals & abuse 8 slaves4 ,fr$]ick ,d\glass1 ! greate/ ( 8 race & a slave1 says3 ,my ma/] f\nd religi\s sanctity = 8 cruelty4444 ,i h se5 him tie up a lame "y woman & :ip h] ) a heavy c[sk9 ^u h] nak$ %\ld]s1 caus+ ! w>m r$ blood to drip2 &1 9 ju/ification ( ! bloody de$1 he w\ld quote ?is passage ( ,scripture3 ',he t kn[e? 8 ma/]'s w & doe? x n %all be beat5 ) _m /ripes4' ,slav]y fl\ri%$ on ?is cont95t because ! ,bible taught t x 0 lawful & j4 ,to oppose slav]y 0 to oppose ! pla9e/ tea*+s ( ?is book4 ,! ,abolition movem5t 0 an ,infidel movem5t4 ,! ,emancipation ,proclamation 0 a nullification ( ,god's law4 ,! great ,rebellion 0 a conte/ betwe5 ,bible morality & natural morality4 ,! latt] triumph$1 b ! conflict fill$ half a million graves1 br\ght grief to _m million he>ts1 & cov]$ ! l& ) desolation4 ,& ?is advocate ( slav]y is ! idol ,prote/ants wor%ip2 ?is is ! book !y wi% to become ! law ( our l&2 ?is is ! moral guide !y wi% to place 9 our public s*ools6 ,9 ! "n ( ^? :o di$ = ! fre$om ( _! fell[-m52 9 ! "n ( ^? made *ildless1 fa!rless1 & companionless by ?is cruel /rife2 9 ! "n ( ^? ^: backs /ill be> ! sc>s ( ! ma/]'s la%2 9 ! "n ( human lib]ty1 ,i prote/ aga9/ ?is retrogressive movem5t6 ,polygamy4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x sanctions t o!r tw9 relic ( b>b>ism1 polygamy4 ,! ,mosaic law provides t if a man h two wives1 "o belov$ & ano!r hat$1 he %all n ignore ! legal rights ( ! hat$ wife's *ildr5 7,deut4 xxi1 #ae-ag74 ,?is /atute recognizes bo? ! exi/5ce & ! validity ( ! in/itution4 ,ano!r /atute 7,deut4 xxv1 #e7 provides t if a man die1 8 surviv+ bro!r %all become ! husb& ( 8 wid[1 & ?is reg>dless z to :e!r ! bro!r be m>ri$ or s+le4 ,! fir/ eighte5 v]ses ( ! eighte5? *apt] ( ,leviticus are devot$ to :at is t]m$ unlawful m>riages4 ,"h polygamy is recogniz$ & regulat$ to ! ext5t ( prohibit+ a man f m>ry+ ! si/] ( a liv+ wife4 ,b !re is "o /atute :i* places ! validity ( ?is in/itution1 s f> z ! ,bible is conc]n$1 beyond all controv]sy4 ,deut]onomy 7xxiii1 #b7 decl>es t no illegitimate *ild %all ent] into ! congregation ( ! ,"l1 ev5 up to ! t5? g5]ation4 ,n[1 polygamy 0 ei!r lawful or unlawful4 ,if unlawful1 !n ! *ildr5 ( polygami/s 7 illegitimate *ildr51 & disqualifi$ = ! sanctu>y4 ,b ! *ildr5 ( polygami/s 7 n ?us disqualifi$4 ,! f\nd]s ( ! twelve tribes ( ,israel 7 all *ildr5 ( a polygami/4 ,! mo/ r5[n$ ,bible *>act]s 7 polygami/s4 ,abraham _h two wives1 & :5 he di$ ! ,"l said1 ,abraham obey$ my voice1 & kept my *>ge1 my comm&m5ts1 my /atutes1 & my laws 7,g54 xxvi1 #f74 ,jacob 0 a polygami/1 & aft] he _h secur$ f\r wives & concub9es1 ,god bless$ him & said1 ,be fruitful & multiply 7,g54 xxxv1 #aa74 ,gideon _h _m wives 7,jud4 viii1 #cj71 & x 0 to him an angel came & said1 ,! ,"l is ) !e 7,jud4 vi1 #ab74 ,david _h a score ( wives & concub9es1 & ,david 0 a man aft] ,god's own he>t2 ,david did "r 9 ! eyes ( ! ,"l4 ,god himself said to ,david1 ,i deliv]$ !e out ( ! h&s ( ,saul2 & ,i gave !e ?y ma/]'s h\se & ?y ma/]'s wives 7#b ,sam4 xii1 #g1 #h74 ,& ,god gave ,solomon wisdom & und]/&+ exce$+ mu*1 & l>g5ess ( he>t--suffici5t to hold a ?\s& wives & concub9es4 ,_m ye>s ago ! ,mormon1 ,orson ,pratt1 wrote a def5se ( polygamy1 bas$ ^u ! ,bible4 ,a not$ lawy] ( ,new ,york s5t a copy ( x to ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,b4 ,sprague ) ! int]rogation1 ,c y answ] ?is8 ,back came ! frank reply1 ,no2 c y8 ,x is claim$ t ! ,new ,te/am5t is oppos$ to polygamy4 ,x is n4 ,william ,ell]y ,*ann+ says3 ,!re is no prohibition ( polygamy 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is an indisputable fact t al?\gh ,*ri/ianity 0 fir/ prea*$ 9 ,asia1 :i* _h be5 f ! e>lie/ ages ! seat ( polygamy1 ! ,apo/les nev] d5\nc$ x z a crime1 & nev] requir$ _! conv]ts to put away all wives b "o4 ,elizabe? ,cady ,/anton says3 ,x 0 at a ,jewi% polygam\s w$d+ t ,jesus p]=m$ 8 fir/ miracle1 & polygamy 0 practic$ by ,*ri/ians = c5turies4 ,x is true t _m primitive ,*ri/ians did n practice polygamy4 ,& :y8 ,because ,pagan ,greece & ,rome _h taught !m bett]4 ,x 0 to !m1 & n to _! ,scriptures1 t !y 7 indebt$ = ! monogamic sy/em ( m>riage4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur* did n g5]ally su/a9 polygamy2 b x did su/a9 a sy/em ( concub9age :i* 0 c]ta9ly z bad4 ,= c5turies ! keep+ ( concub9es 0 almo/ univ]sal among ! ,ca?olic cl]gy1 "o abbot keep+ no less ?an sev5ty4 ,! f\nd]s ( ! ,prote/ant *ur*1 h[ev]1 accept+ ! ,bible z _! guide1 atta*+ to x a degree ( au?ority :i* _h nev] be5 atta*$ to x be=e1 7 c&id & consi/5t en\gh to admit ! validity ( ! in/itution4 ,ref]r+ to ?is subject1 ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 a ,*ri/ian & a ,prote/ant1 says3 ,z to polygamy 9 p>ticul>1 :i* n only ,lu!r1 ,melan*?on1 & ,buc]1 ! ?ree lead]s ( ! ,g]man ,re=mation1 speculatively adopt$1 b to :i* above a doz5 di/+ui%$ div9es among ! ,re=m]s /ood =mally committ$ 7,discussions on ,philosophy & ,lit]ature74 ,speak+ ( ,lu!r & ,melan*?on1 ,hamilton says3 ,!y _h bo? promulgat$ op9ions 9 favor ( polygamy1 to ! ext5t ( v9dicat+ to ! spiritual m9i/] a "r ( private disp5sation1 & to ! temporal magi/rate ! "r ( e/abli%+ ! practice if he *ose by public law 7,ibid74 ,9 accordance ) ^! views1 ,john ( ,leydon1 a zeal\s ,prote/ant1 e/abli%$ polygamy at ,mun/]1 & murd]$ or drove f _! homes all :o d>$ to oppose ! odi\s cu/om4 ,o!r ,prote/ants foll[$ 8 example4 ,on ! #ai? ( ,decemb]1 #aeci1 at ,witt5b]g1 ,lu!r & ,melan*?on drew up ! fam\s ,consilium1 au?oriz+ ! l&grave1 ,philip ( ,hesse1 to h a plurality ( wives4 ,?is in/rum5t be>s ! signatures ( ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 ,philip ,melan*?on1 ,m>t9 ,buc]1 ,dionysius ,mel&]1 ,john ,l5+1 ,antony ,corv9us1 ,adam ,kraft1 ,ju/us ,w9!r1 & ,bal?as> ,raida1 n9e ( ! lead+ ,prote/ant div9es ( ,g]many4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ,lu!r advis$ ,h5ry ,,viii4 to adopt polygamy 9 8 case1 b by divorc+ two wives1 & murd]+ two m1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,engli% *ur* avoid$ x4 ,! advocacy ( polygamy by ! *ief ,re=m]s prev5t$ ,f]d9& ,i4 f decl>+ = ! ,re=mation4 ,! ,g]man pr9ces1 too1 g5]ally oppos$ x2 & ?is opposition1 c\pl$ ) ! fact t ! mo/ lic5ti\s sects esp\s$ x1 f9ally caus$ a reaction 9 favor ( monogamy4 ,prote/ants1 x ill became y to po9t ! f+] ( scorn at ! ,mormons ( ,utah4 ,yet ) *>act]i/ic consi/5cy y 7 dem&+ ! suppression ( polygamy 9 ! t]ritories1 :ile at ! same "t y 7 endeavor+ to h ! :ole c\ntry accept z infallible au?ority a book :i* sanctions ! p]nici\s cu/om4 ,make ! ,bible ! fundam5tal law ( ! l&1 z y dem&1 & polygamy w become1 9 !ory at lea/1 a national in/ead ( a local in/itution4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx4 ,,adult]y--,,obsc5ity4 ,adult]y4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x sanctions adult]y & pro/itution4 ,adult]y is made prom95t by ! recital ( ! num]\s adult]ies ( ,abraham1 ,lot1 ,jacob1 ,judah1 ,samson1 ,david1 & o!r ,bible sa9ts1 & sanctifi$ by ! approv$ adult]ies ( ,abraham & ,jacob4 ,bo? ,abraham & ,isaac 7 will+ to sell ! virtue ( _! wives to save !mselves f h>m4 ,two in/ances are record$ ( fa!rs hav+ (f]$ _! own daught]s to gratify ! lu/ ( a s5sual mob1 & ^! abom9able acts are repres5t$ z especially m]itori\s4 ,read ! n9ete5? *apt] ( ,g5esis & ! n9ete5? *apt] ( ,judges2 dwell ^u ! eigh? v]se ( ! =m] & ! tw5ty-f\r? v]se ( ! latt]2 & !n1 if y c indorse ! _s ( ^! n>ratives1 y are unfit to be ! p>5t ( a daught]4 ,! ,mosaic law au?orizes a fa!r to sell 8 daught] = a concub9e or mi/ress 7euphemi/ically translat$ maid s]vant74 ,god's in/ructions respect+ ! ?irty-two ?\s& captive ,midianite maid5s impli$ly sanction concub9age & pro/itution4 ,^! ,bible tea*+s h be5 ! cause ( c\ntless outrages aga9/ ! *a/ity ( woman4 ,john ,wesley says3 ,almo/ all ! soldi]s 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w 444 h claim$1 m especially 9 "t ( w>1 ano!r k9d ( lib]ty3 t ( borr[+ ! wives & daught]s ( ! m5 t fell into _! h&s 7,wesley's ,miscellane\s ,works1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 p4 #aag74 ,lu!r1 draw+ 8 morality f ! ,bible1 gave concub9age 8 indorsem5t3 ,!re is no?+ unusual 9 pr9ces keep+ concub9es2 & al?\gh ! l[] ord]s may n p]ceive ! excuses ( ! ?+1 ! m intellig5t "k h[ to make all[ance 7,consilium74 ,lu!r might ) equal tru?fulness h said1 ,!re is no?+ unusual 9 prie/s & prea*]s keep+ concub9es1 & he might h help$ to confirm x by a few leaves f 8 own private hi/ory4 ,9 a lett] to 8 confid5tial fri5d1 ,spalat91 he confess$ to num]\s adult]ies4 ,god in/ructs 8 prophet ,hosea to m>ry a pro/itute4 ,he subsequ5tly comm&s him to love & hire an adult]ess 7,hosea i1 #b1 #c2 iii1 #a1 #b74 ,*ri/ =gave ! woman tak5 9 adult]y1 :ile 8 favorite female companion 0 a re=m$ 787 pro/itute4 ,ref]r+ to 8 female ance/ors1 ,dr4 ,alex&] ,walk]1 a ,*ri/ian1 says3 ,x is rem>kable t 9 ! g5ealogy ( ,*ri/ only f\r wom5 h be5 nam$3 ,tam>1 :o s$uc$ ! fa!r ( h] late husb&2 ,ra*ab1 a common pro/itute2 ,ru?1 :o1 in/ead ( m>ry+ "o ( h] c\s9s1 w5t to b$ ) ano!r ( !m1 & ,ba?%eba1 an adultress1 :o esp\s$ ,david1 ! murd]] ( h] husb& 7,woman1 p4 #ccj74 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 notori\s = _! adult]ies4 ,dr4 ,cave1 9 8 ,primitive ,*ri/ianity 7,"p ,,ii41 *4 v71 says x 0 commonly *>g$ t ! ,*ri/ians knew "o ano!r by c]ta9 privy m>ks & signs1 & 7 wont to be 9 love almo/ be=e !y knew "o ano!r2 t !y ex]cis$ lu/ & fil?9ess "u a pret5se ( religion1 promiscu\sly call+ !mselves bro!rs & si/]s1 t by ! help ( s sacr$ a "n _! common adult]ies might become ince/u\s4 ,( ! ,c>pocratians1 :o ,dr4 ,l>dn] says are n accus$ ( reject+ any "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,dr4 ,cave says3 ,bo? m5 & wom5 us$ to meet at supp] 7:i* 0 call$ _! love-fea/71 :5 aft] !y _h load$ !mselves ) a pl5tiful meal1 to prev5t all %ame1 if !y _h any rema9+1 !y put out ! lights1 & !n promiscu\sly mix$ 9 fil?9ess ) "o ano!r 7,ibid74 ,9 8 ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians1 ,paul says3 ,x is report$ commonly t !re is =nication among y1 & su* =nication z is n s mu* z nam$ among ! g5tiles 7#a ,cor4 v1 #a74 ,x is an indisputable fact t ! mo/ notori\s adult]]s are ^? ^: pr(ession makes !m mo/ famili> ) ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible1 & compels !m to accept its tea*+s z div9e4 ,obsc5ity4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide1 & prote/ aga9/ its be+ plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! "y1 because its pages are defil$ ) obsc5ity4 ,aside f ?\s&s ( co>se & vulg> expressions conta9$ 9 x1 !re are at lea/ a hundr$ passages s obsc5e t _! appe>ance 9 any o!r book w\ld exclude t book f ! mails & s5d its publi%] to prison4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates c\rts h decl>$ p>ts ( ! ,bible to be obsc5e4 ,!re are entire *apt]s1 su* z ! ?irty-eigh? *apt] ( ,g5esis1 t reek ) obsc5ity f beg9n+ to end4 ,9 pro( ( ! *>ge ( obsc5ity1 ,i ref] y to ! foll[+3 ,isaiah xxxvi1 #ab2 ,ezek4 iv1 #ab-ae2 ,g54 xix1 #cj-cf2 xxx1 #a-af2 xxxviii2 #b ,k+s xviii1 #bg2 ,lev4 xv1 #af-cc2 ,job xl1 #af1 #ag2 #a ,k+s xiv1 #aj2 ,isaiah iii1 #ag4 ,t portions ( ! ,bible are obsc5e & unfit to be read1 is admitt$ ev5 by ,*ri/ians4 ,noah ,web/]1 a ,prote/ant1 edit$ an expurgat$ edition ( ! ,bible4 ,9 v9dication ( 8 "w1 he says3 ,_m passages are express$ 9 language :i* dec5cy =bids to be repeat$ 9 families & 9 ! pulpit4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,embree1 ,me?odi/1 ( ,kansas1 9 a spee* be=e ! ,topeka ,s*ool ,bo>d advocat+ ! read+ ( ,bible selections 9 ! public s*ools ( t city1 rec5tly said3 ,i w\ld n want ! ,bible read indiscrim9ately4 ,i ?9k "s ( x unfit to be read by any "o4 ,! ,rev4 ,fa!r ,maguire1 ,ca?olic1 9 8 debate ) ! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,greg1 at ,dubl91 gave utt]ance to ! foll[+3 ,i beg ( y n to cont9ue su* a practice2 x is disreputable4 ,i w ask ,mr4 ,greg a "q 7& ,i beg ( y1 my bre?r5 ( ! ,prote/ant *ur*1 to be> ?is 9 m9d71 ,i w ask him if he d>e to take up ! ,bible & read f ! book ( ,g5esis ! fact ( ,onan--,i ask him w he read t8 ,w he read ! fact relative to ,lot & 8 two daught]s8 ,w he read ^! & _m o!r passages :i* ,i c\ld po9t out to him 9 ! ,holy ,bible1 :i* ,i w\ld n take "o ?\s& gu9eas1 nay1 all ! money 9 ! _w1 & read !m "h to-day8 ,ri*>d ,lalor ,%iel1 ,m4 ,p41 & ,privy ,c\nselor to ! ,que51 ?us wrote3 ,"p ( ! ,holy ,writ+s consi/ ( hi/ory1 & ! n>ration ( facts ( a k9d t _c be m5tion$ 9 ! pres5ce ( a virtu\s woman )\t excit+ horror4 ,%all a woman be p]mitt$ to read 9 h] *amb] :at %e w\ld tremble to he> at h] dome/ic bo>d8 ,%all %e con ov] & revolve :at %e w\ld r die ?an utt]8 ,& if unfit = ! p]usal ( a matur$ woman1 %all innoc5t *ildhood be pollut$ by ^! vile1 indec5t tales8 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4 ,,intemp]ance--,,vagrancy--,,ignorance4 ,intemp]ance4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x fo/]s ! evil ( intemp]ance4 ,:ile ! sacr$ books ( ,buddhi/s & ,mohamm$ans1 by =bidd+ ! use ( intoxicat+ dr9ks1 h contribut$ to make drunk5ness among ^! p disreputable & r>e1 ! ,bible1 by enc\rag+ _! use1 has made intemp]ance 9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries frightfully preval5t & almo/ respectable4 ,?\ %alt be/[ t money = :atsoev] ?y s\l lu/e? aft]1 = ox5 or = %eep1 or = w9e1 or = /rong dr9k 7,deut4 xiv1 #bf74 ,give /rong dr9k unto him t is ready to p]i%1 & w9e unto ^? t be ( heavy he>ts4 ,let him dr9k & =get 8 pov]ty1 & rememb] 8 mis]y no m 7,prov4 xxxi1 #f1g74 ,dr9k no long] wat]1 b use a little w9e = ?y /oma*'s sake 7#a ,tim4 v1 #bc74 ,g ?y way1 eat ?y bread ) joy1 & dr9k ?y w9e ) a m]ry he>t1 = ,god n[ accepte? ?y works 7,eccles4 ix1 #g74 ,corn %all make ! "y m5 *e]ful1 & new w9e ! maids 7,ze*4 ix1 #ag74 ,!y %all plant v9ey>ds & dr9k ! w9e !re( 7,amos ix1 #ad74 ,w9e t make? glad ! he>t ( man 7,ps4 civ1 #ae74 ,w9e :i* *e]e? ,god & man 7,jud4 ix1 #ac74 ,9 ! holy place %alt ?\ cause ! /rong w9e to be p\r$ unto ! ,"l = a dr9k (f]+ 7,num4 xxviii1 #g74 ,w t w+ ( ! ,prohibition army :i* accepts ! ,bible z its guide inscribe ^! texts ^u its bann]8 ,z a rew>d = ! ,jews keep+ ! judgm5ts ( ! ,"l he 0 to bless _! w9e 7,deut4 vii1 #ac74 ,lib]al giv+ to ! ,"l 0 to be rew>d$ ) an abundance ( w9e4 ,honor ! ,"l ) ?y sub/ance1 & ) ! fir/ fruits ( all ?9e increase3 s %all ?y b>ns be fill$ ) pl5ty1 & ?y presses %all bur/ out ) new w9e 7,prov4 iii1 #i1 #aj74 ,"o ( ! mo/ direful calamities 0 a w9e fam9e4 ,awake1 ye drunk>ds1 & weep2 & h[l1 all ye dr9k]s ( w9e1 because ( ! new w9e2 = x is cut (f f y\r m\?4444 ,! dr9k (f]+ is cut (f f ! h\se ( ! ,"l2 ! prie/s1 ! ,"l's m9i/]s1 m\rn4444 ,gird y\rselves & lam5t1 ye prie/s h[l1 ye m9i/]s ( ! alt>2 come1 lie all night 9 sackclo?1 ye m9i/]s ( my ,god2 = 444 ! dr9k (f]+ is )hold5 f ! h\se ( y\r ,god 7,joel i1 #e1 #i1 #ac74 ,god's especial favorites _h a weakness = w9e4 ,:5 he dr[n$ ! _w's inhabitants he sav$ ,noah1 kn[+ t z soon z ! wat]s subsid$ he w\ld plant a v9ey>d1 make w9e1 & become intoxicat$4 ,:5 ,sodom 0 de/roy$ ! only righte\s man he f\nd 0 t f\l drunk>d1 ,lot4 ,:5 ,david made 8 celebrat$ fea/ 9 honor ( ! ,"l he gave to e man & woman a flagon ( w9e4 ,he kept "s = himself & s m]ry did 8 he>t become t he danc$ be=e ! ,"l ) all 8 might4 ,?us joy\sly s+s ,solomon3 ,i h drunk my w9e ) my milk milk pun*2 eat1 ,o fri5ds6 dr9k1 yea1 dr9k abundantly4 ,9 ! morn+ he s+s ano!r song3 ,op5 to me 444 my love 444 = my head is fill$ ) dew4 ,h[ _m a wayw>d fell[ l ,solomon has ris5 f ! gutt]1 sorr[fully w5d$ 8 way home1 & s]5ad$ 8 sleep+ sp\se ) t same melody6 ,:5 ,solomon erect$ 8 temple to ,god he gave to 8 labor]s tw5ty ?\s& ba?s ne>ly #age1jjj gallons ( w9e 7#b ,*ron4 ii1 #aj74 ,! ,naz>ite1 x is claim$1 0 comm&$ to ab/a9 f w9e4 ,yes1 b only dur+ ! p]iod ( 8 sep>ation4 ,aft] t ! ,naz>ite may dr9k w9e 7,num4 vi1 #bj74 ,god comm&$ ,j]emiah to tempt ) w9e ^? :o ab/a9$ f its use3 ,g unto ! h\se ( ! ,re*abites & speak ) !m1 & br+ !m into ! h\se ( ! ,"l1 into "o ( ! *amb]s1 & give !m w9e to dr9k 7,j]4 xxxv1 #b74 ,*ri/ spoke z foll[s3 ,john ! ,bapti/ came nei!r eat+ bread nor dr9k+ w9e4444 ,! ,son ( ,man is come eat+ & dr9k+2 & ye say1 ,behold a glutton\s man & a w9ebibb] 7,luke1 vii1 #cc1 #cd74 ,?is c5sure 0 evid5tly n unm]it$4 ,! fir/ act 9 ,*ri/'s m9i/]ial c>e] 0 to manufacture ?ree b>rels ( w9e = a w$d+ fea/2 8 la/ record$ act 0 a b5$iction ^u ! w9e cup4 ,!ology be+ no long] 9 dem&1 ! ,prote/ant cl]gy1 contr>y to ! tea*+s ( ! ,bible1 & ! traditions ( ! *ur*1 n[ f9d x popul> & pr(itable to esp\se ! cause ( temp]ance4 ,b 9 *ampion+ "o rational virtue !y employ two ,*ri/ian vices1 hypocrisy & intol]ance4 ,! mo/ inconsi/5t1 ! mo/ un*>itable oppon5ts ( ! liquor traffic to-day are ^! fre% conv]ts :o pr(ess to be do+ _! ma/]'s w & :o claim t 8 ,^w is ! advocate ( total ab/95ce & prohibitory laws4 ,) fi]ce invective !y declaim aga9/ ! old ,god ,bac*us1 yet e ana!ma !y hurl at him w apply ) equal ju/ice to _! ,god & ,*ri/4 ,"o ( ! mo/ unscrupul\s argum5ts ev] adduc$ 9 support ( any cause is t n[ advanc$ by "s ,*ri/ian temp]ance advocates to ! effect t ! w9e sanction$ 9 ! ,bible 0 n intoxicat+4 ,) ! same ease t !y decl>e t 9 ! ,bible black means :ite1 t hate means love1 & day means age1 !y decl>e t ,bible w9e does n mean w9e1 b unf]m5t$ grape juice4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,m4 ,?ompson1 ,rev4 ,william ,wright1 ,rev4 ,s4 ,h4 ,calh\n1 ,rev4 ,c4 ,v4 ,a4 ,van ,dyke1 & o!r able ,hebrew & ,sanscrit s*ol>s ( ,we/]n ,asia1 :o h made ! hi/ory & cu/oms ( its p bo? anci5t & mod]n a life /udy1 affirm t su* a ?+ z non-intoxicat+ w9e 0 unkn[n1 t ! unf]m5t$ juice ( ! grape 0 nev] recogniz$ z w9e4 ,dr4 ,philip ,s*aff1 ! =emo/ ,bible s*ol> ( ?is c\ntry1 affirms ! same3 ,! w9e ( ! ,bible 0 no d\bt pure & unadult]at$4444 ,x 0 g5u9e & real w9e1 &1 l all w9e 9 use 9 grape-gr[+ c\ntries1 exhil>at+4 ,to lay d[n ! pr9ciple t ! use ( intoxicat+ dr9k z a bev]age is a s9--p] se--is to condemn ! great] "p ( ,*ri/5dom1 to contradict ! ,bible1 & to impea* ,*ri/ himself1 :o drank w9e & made w9e by miracle to supply ! m>riage gue/s4 ,at ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ! ,presbyt]ian *ur* held at ,belfa/1 ,irel&1 9 #ahgj1 an exhau/ive exam9ation & discussion 0 giv5 ?is subject4 ,! result 0 ! adoption by an almo/ unanim\s vote ( ! foll[+ resolution (f]$ by ! ,rev4 ,rob]t ,wales1 ,pr(essor ( ,dialectic ,!ology1 ,belfa/3 ,z ! w9e us$ 9 ! oblations ( ! ,old ,te/am5t "t at ! ,passov] & by our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ himself 9 ! in/itution ( ! supp] 0 ! ord9>y w9e ( ! c\ntry1 t is1 ! f]m5t$ juice ( ! grape1 we _c sanction ! use ( ! unf]m5t$ juice ( ! grape z a symbol 9 ! ord9ance4 ,t ! sacram5tal w9e us$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ians 0 intoxicat+1 & t !y 7 addict$ to us+ x to excess at ! ,"l's ,supp]1 is admitt$ by ,paul 7#a ,cor4 xi1 #bj-cd74 ,ref]r+ to ?is subject1 ! ,*ri/ian ,regi/] says3 ,we deplore intemp]ance1 & welcome e tru?ful argum5t aga9/ x1 b ! argum5t f\nd$ on ! non-intoxicat+ "* ( ,bible w9e is a weak & dilut$ fallacy4 ,vagrancy4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x enc\rages pov]ty & vagrancy4 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ! panegyri/ ( pov]ty & ! promot] ( vagrancy3 ,bless$ be ye poor 7,luke vi1 #bj74 ,b woe unto y t are ri* 7,luke vi1 #bd74 ,a ri* man %all h>dly ent] into ! k+dom ( heav5 7,matt4 xix1 #bc74 ,x is easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le ?an = a ri* man to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god 7,m>k x1 #be74 ,lay n up = y\rselves treasures ^u e>? 7,matt4 vi1 #ai74 ,:5 ! judici\s use ( weal? is promotive ( human happ9ess1 & :5 pov]ty is ! s\rce ( s mu* mis]y & crime1 su* tea*+s are n only false1 b p]nici\s4 ,take no ?\ght = y\r life1 :at ye %all eat1 or :at ye %all dr9k2 nor yet = y\r body :at ye %all put on4444 ,behold ! f[ls ( ! air3 = !y s[ n1 nei!r d !y reap1 nor ga!r into b>ns4444 ,& :y take ye ?\ght = raim5t8 ,consid] ! lilies ( ! field1 h[ !y gr[2 !y toil n1 nei!r d !y sp94444 ,!re=e take no ?\ght1 say+1 ,:at %all we eat8 or1 ,:at %all we dr9k8 or1 ,:]e)al %all we be clo!d8444 ,! morr[ %all take ?\ght = ! ?+s ( itself4 ,suffici5t unto ! day is ! evil !re( 7,matt4 vi1 #be-cd74 ,to-day our l& is infe/$ ) an army ( tramps4 ,_! skirmi%]s are deploy$ along e highway2 _! po9ts ( attack are ! kit*5 & ! haym[2 _! text-book on milit>y sci5ce is ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,!y s[ n1 nei!r d !y reap2 ,!y toil n1 nei!r d !y sp94 ,!y beg & /eal4 ,^! are ,*ri/'s foll[]s--! true/ foll[]s he has on e>? to-day4 ,9 ! /reets ( our cities we see m5 clad 9 rags1 idle1 & drunk51 & p5niless4 ,we see !m arre/$ = vagrancy1 ?ru/ into prison1 or made to labor = _! bread4 ,^! are ,*ri/'s m>tyrs4 ,poor tramp & vagrant6 ,h[ y are p]secut$ = righte\sness' sake6 ,m5 despise y2 ! f>m] drives y f 8 door2 ! social economi/ racks 8 bra9 to devise a plan = y\r suppression2 /ate gov]nm5ts legislate aga9/ y2 ev]y:]e y are treat$ z an outca/--& all because1 tak+ ! ,bible = y\r guide1 y endeavor fai?fully to con=m to its tea*+s4 ,ignorance4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x condemns ! use ( reason & ! acquisition ( k4 ,( ! tree ( ! k ( good & evil1 ?\ %alt n eat ( x 7,g54 ii1 #ag74 ,%e took ( ! fruit !re(1 & did eat1 & gave also unto h] husb& ) h]2 & he did eat4 ,& ! eyes ( !m bo? 7 op5$ 7iii1 #f1 #g74 ,!re=e ! ,"l ,god s5t him =? f ! g>d5 ( ,ed5 7#bc74 ,he t believe? n %all be damn$ 7,m>k xvi1 #af74 ,= p>tak+ ( ! fruit ( ! tree ( k1 our p>5ts 7 bani%$ f ,p>adise2 = obey+ ! dictates ( reason1 we are consign$ to hell4 ,education1 physical1 moral1 & intellectual1 is disc\rag$4 ,bodily ex]cise pr(ite? little4--,paul4 ,be n righte\s ov]mu*4--,solomon4 ,nei!r make ?yself ov] wise4--,solomon4 ,*oice mottoes1 ! above1 to hang up on ! walls ( ! s*ool-room6 ,bew>e le/ any man spoil y ?r\gh philosophy 7,col4 ii1 #h74 ,k puffe? up 7#a ,cor4 viii1 #a74 ,?y wisdom & ?y k x ha? p]v]t$ !e 7,isa4 xlvii1 #aj74 ,i gave my he>t to "k wisdom1 & to "k madness & folly2 ,i p]ceiv$ t ?is also is vexation ( _s4 ,= 9 mu* wisdom is mu* grief2 & he t increase? k increase? sorr[ 7,ecles4 i1 #ag1 #ah74 ,if any man be ignorant let him be ignorant 7#a ,cor4 xiv1 #ch74 ,! wisdom ( ?is _w is fooli%ness ) ,god 7#a ,cor4 iii1 #ai74 ,! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( k 7,prov4 i1 #g74 ,! fe> ( ! ,"l is ! beg9n+ ( ignorance4 ,?is fe> has kept ! _w 9 intellectual bondage4 ,x is a flam+ sword t prie/craft has plac$ 9 e highway ( le>n+ to fright5 back ! timid se>*]s aft] tru?4 ,! cl]gy1 ) a few honorable exceptions1 says ,buckle1 h 9 all mod]n c\ntries be5 ! av[$ enemies ( ! diffusion ( k1 ! dang] ( :i* to _! own pr(ession !y1 by a c]ta9 in/9ct1 seem always to h p]ceiv$4 ,! ,bible1 & ! religion emanat+ f x1 are ! fruitful p>5ts ( ignorance & idiocy4 ,!y dem& a sacrifice ( ! v attribute :i* exalts ! man ( s5se above ! idiot2 !y bid him pluck out ! eyes ( ,reason1 & 9 _! place ins]t ! sightless balls ( ,fai?4 ,reason %\ld be de/roy$ 9 all ,*ri/ians1 says ,lu!r 7,l4 ,ung$r4 ,pr$4 ,bru41 p4 #ajf74 ,"o de/itute ( reason1 is a phrase employ$ by ,web/] to def9e ! ^w fool4 ,we are fools = ,*ri/'s sake1 exclaims ,paul 7#a ,cor4 iv1 #aj74 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii4 ,,inju/ice ,,to ,,wom5--,,unk9dness ,,to ,,*ildr5--,,cruelty ,,to ,,animals4 ,inju/ice to ,wom54 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x has degrad$ woman4 ,! holy (fices ( wife & "m x cov]s ) reproa*4 ,its tea*+s c>ri$ out1 z !y 7 dur+ ! c5turies ( ,*ri/ian rule1 leave woman b two pa?s 9 :i* to tread--! "o lead+ into slav]y1 ! o!r into exile4 ,s]vitude 9 ! h\se ( a husb&1 or self-bani%m5t into a conv5t--^! are ! sad alt]natives pres5t$ = h] *oice4 ,?y desire %all be to ?y husb& & he %all rule ov] !e 7,g54 iii1 #af74 ,wives1 submit y\rselves to y\r own husb&s 7,col4 iii1 #ah74 ,z ! *ur* is subject unto ,*ri/ s let ! wives be to _! own husb&s 9 ev]y?+ 7,eph4 v1 #bd74 ,let y\r wom5 keep sil5ce 9 ! *ur*es1 = x is n p]mitt$ unto !m to speak1 b !y are comm&$ to be "u ob$i5ce1 z also sai? ! law4 ,& if !y w le>n any?+1 let !m ask _! husb&s at home2 = x is a %ame = a woman to speak 9 ! *ur* 7#a ,cor4 xiv1 #cd1 #ce74 ,ye wives1 be 9 subjection to y\r own husb&s4444 ,= aft] ?is mann] 9 ! old "t ! holy wom5 also1 :o tru/$ 9 ,god1 adorn$ !mselves1 be+ 9 subjection to _! own husb&s2 ev5 z ,s>ah obey$ ,abraham1 call+ him "l 7#a ,pet] iii1 #a-f74 ,let woman le>n 9 sil5ce ) all subjection4 ,b ,i suff] n a woman to tea*1 nor to usurp au?ority ov] ! man1 b to be 9 sil5ce4 ,= ,adam 0 fir/ =m$1 !n ,eve4 ,& ,adam 0 n deceiv$1 b ! woman be+ deceiv$ 0 9 ! transgression 7#a ,tim4 ii1 #aa-ad74 ,oh6 ! unspeakable outrage t woman has suff]$ because ( t old ,jewi% fable6 ,! tea*+s ( ! ,bible respect+ m>riage are an insult to e m>ri$ woman4 ,*ri/ disc\rag$ m>riage 7,matt4 xix1 #aj-ab71 :ile a m despicable diss]tation on m>riage ?an ,paul gives 9 ! sev5? *apt] ( #a ,cor9?ians 0 nev] p5n$4 ,9 contract+ matrimonial alliances1 woman's rights & *oice are n consult$4 ,! fa!r does 8 daught]'s c\rt+1 & sells or gives h] to :om he pleases4 ,a fa!r is ev5 all[$ to sell 8 daught] = a slave 7,ex4 xxi1 #g74 ,9 ! ,decalogue ! wife is class$ ) slaves & cattle z a m]e *attel4 ,kidnapp+ is comm&$ = ! purpose ( obta9+ wives4 ,!re=e !y ,god's prie/s comm&$ ! *ildr5 ( ,b5jam91 say+1 ,g & lie 9 wait 9 ! v9ey>ds2 & see1 &1 behold1 if ! daught]s ( ,%iloh come out to dance 9 dances1 !n come ye out ( ! v9ey>ds1 & cat* y e man 8 wife ( ! daught]s ( ,%iloh1 & g to ! l& ( ,b5jam94444 ,& ! *ildr5 ( ,b5jam9 did s1 & took !m wives accord+ to _! numb] ( !m t danc$ :om !y caught 7,jud4 xxi1 #bj-bc74 ,! ,levitical law makes mo!rhood a s9 t c be expiat$ only by (f]+ a s9 (f]+ at ! bir? ( e *ild4 ,! degree ( s9fulness dep5ds ^u ! sex ( ! *ild2 giv+ bir? to a daught] be+ e/eem$ a great] s9 ?an giv+ bir? to a son 7,lev4 xii74 ,! laws ( ! ,bible 9 reg>d to divorce are mo/ unju/4 ,a husb& is p]mitt$ to divorce 8 wife if %e displease him1 :ile a wife is n all[$ to obta9 a divorce = any cause :atev]4 ,:5 a man ha? tak5 a wife1 & m>ries h]1 & x come to pass t %e f9d no favor 9 8 eyes1 444 !n let him write h] a bill ( divorcem5t1 & give x 9 h] h&1 & s5d h] out ( 8 h\se 7,deut4 xxiv1 #a74 ,:5 ?\ goe/ =? to w> aga9/ ?9e enemies1 & ! ,"l ?y ,god ha? deliv]$ !m into ?9e h&s1 & ?\ ha/ tak5 !m captive1 & see/ among ! captives a beautiful woman1 & ha/ a desire unto h]1 t ?\ w\ld/ h h] to ?y wife2 !n ?\ %alt br+ h] home to ?9e h\se4444 ,& x %all be1 if ?\ h no delight 9 h]1 !n ?\ %alt let h] g :i!r %e w 7,deut4 xxi1 #aj-ad74 ,wives 7 compell$ to suff] outrage = ! s9s ( _! husb&s4 ,?us sai? ! ,"l1 ,behold1 ,i w raise up evil aga9/ !e out ( ?9e own h\se1 & ,i w take ?y wives be=e ?9e eyes1 & give !m unto ?y neighbor1 & he %all lie ) ?y wives 9 ! sight ( ?is sun 7#b ,sam4 xii1 #aa74 ,_! h\ses %all be spoil$ & _! wives ravi%$ 7,is4 xiii1 #af74 ,i w ga!r all nations aga9/ ,j]usalem to battle2 & ! city %all be tak51 & ! h\ses rifl$1 & ! wom5 ravi%$ 7,ze*4 xiv1 #b74 ,let _! wives be b]eav$ ( _! *ildr5 & be wid[s 7,j]4 xviii1 #ba74 ,! tea*+s ( ! ,bible h be5 us$ by ! *ur* to keep woman 9 a subord9ate position4 ,!re is n a m cruel *apt] 9 hi/ory1 says ,dr4 ,moncure ,d4 ,conway1 ?an t :i* records ! arre/ by ,*ri/ianity ( ! natural gr[? ( ,european civilization reg>d+ woman4 ,9 ,g]many x f\nd woman p>ticipat+ 9 ! legislative assembly1 & %>+ ! int]e/s & c\nsels ( man1 & drove h] out & away4444 ,ev5 m fatal 0 ! ov]?r[ ( woman's position 9 ,rome4 ,read ! t]rible facts z /at$ by ,gibbon1 by ,milman1 & ,sir ,h5ry ,ma9e2 read & pond] !m1 & y w see ! trem5d\s wrong t ,*ri/ianity did to woman4 ,ev5 ! priceless virtue ( *a/ity1 9 ! "n ( law & 9 ! "n ( ! ,bible1 0 trampl$ "u foot4 ,mrs4 ,gage1 9 ,woman1 ,*ur*1 & ,/ate1 says3 ,wom5 7 taught by ! *ur* & /ate alike t ! feudal "l1 or seigneur1 _h a "r to !m1 n only aga9/ !mselves1 b z aga9/ any claim ( husb& or fa!r4 ,! law kn[n z ,m>*etta1 or ,m>quette1 compell$ newly-m>ri$ wom5 to a mo/ di%onorable s]vitude4 ,!y 7 reg>d$ z ! rightful prey ( ! feudal "l f "o to ?ree days aft] _! m>riage4444 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,prussia1 ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & all ,*ri/ian c\ntries :]e feudalism exi/$1 held to ! en=cem5t ( ,m>quette4 ,respect+ ?is law1 ,mi*elet writes3 ,! lords spiritual _h ?is "r no less ?an ! lords temporal4 ,! p>son1 be+ a "l1 expressly claim$ ! fir/ fruits ( ! bride 7,la ,sorc]ie1 page #fb74 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 :ile ! mo/ illit]ate & deprav$ man is clo!d ) ! rights ( a sov]eign1 ! noble/ woman is held 9 a subord9ate position2 & f ! ,bible1 prie/s & politicians h procur$ ! *a9s t hold h] 9 subjection4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,bible1 ,am]ica's greate/ woman1 ,elizabe? ,cady ,/anton1 says3 ,i "k ( no o!r books t s fully tea* ! subjection & degradation ( woman 7,eighty ,ye>s & ,m74 ,brave ,hel5 ,g>d5] says3 ,e inju/ice t has ev] be5 fa/5$ ^u wom5 9 a ,*ri/ian c\ntry has be5 'au?oriz$ by ! ,bible' & rivet$ & p]petuat$ by ! pulpit 7,m51 ,wom51 & ,gods1 page #ad74 ,wom5 are indebt$ to-day = _! emancipation f a position ( hopeless degradation1 n to _! religion nor to ,jehovah1 b to ! ju/ice & honor ( ! m5 :o h defi$ 8 comm&m5ts4 ,t %e does n cr\* to-day :]e ,/4 ,paul tri$ to b9d h]1 %e owes to ! m5 :o are gr& & brave en\gh to ignore ,/4 ,paul1 & rise sup]ior to 8 ,god 7,ibid1 page #cj74 ,george ,w4 ,foote ( ,engl& says x w yet be ! pr\d boa/ ( woman t %e nev] contribut$ a l9e to ! ,bible4 ,unk9dness to ,*ildr54 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because its tea*+s respect+ ! treatm5t ( *ildr5 are cruel & unju/4 ,x advocates ! use ( corporal puni%m5t = *ildr54 ,?\ %alt beat him ) ! rod 7,prov4 xxiii1 #ad74 ,)hold n correction f ! *ild3 = if ?\ beate/ him ) ! rod he %all n die 7,ibid xxiii1 #ac74 ,fooli%ness is b\nd 9 ! he>t ( a *ild2 b ! rod ( correction %all drive x f> f him 7,ibid xxii1 #ae74 ,! rod & repro( give wisdom 7,ibid xxix1 #ae74 ,x advocates capital puni%m5t = *ildr53 ,if a man h a /ubborn & rebelli\s son1 :i* w n obey ! voice ( 8 "m1 & t :5 !y h *a/5$ him w n he>k5 unto !m2 !n %all 8 fa!r & 8 "m lay hold on him1 & br+ him out unto ! eld]s ( 8 city1 & unto ! gate ( 8 place4444 ,& all ! m5 ( ! city %all /one him ) /ones t he die 7,deut4 xxi1 #ah1 #ai1 #ba74 ,x advocates ! indiscrim9ate & m]ciless slaught] ( little *ildr53 ,_! *ildr5 also %all be da%$ to pieces be=e _! eyes 7,isa4 xiii1 #af74 ,sam>ia %all become desolate2 = %e ha? rebell$ aga9/ h] ,god2 !y %all fall by ! sword3 _! infants %all be da%$ 9 pieces 7,hosea xiii1 #af74 ,z he ,eli%a 0 go+ up by ! way1 !re came =? little *ildr5 out ( ! city1 & mock$ him4444 ,& he turn$ back1 & look$ on !m1 & curs$ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l4 ,& !re came =? two %e be>s out ( ! wood1 & t>e =ty & two *ildr5 ( !m 7#b ,k+s ii1 #bc1 #bd74 ,x advocates ! puni%m5t ( *ildr5 = ! misde$s ( _! p>5ts4 ,i ! ,"l ?y ,god am a jeal\s ,god1 visit+ ! iniquity ( ! fa!rs ^u ! *ildr5 7,ex4 xx1 #e74 ,i w /ir up ! ,m$es aga9/ !m1 444 _! eye %all n sp>e *ildr5 7,isa4 xiii1 #ag1 #ah74 ,i w also s5d wild bea/s among y1 :i* %all rob y ( y\r *ildr5 7,lev4 xxvi1 #bb74 ,david prays t ! *ildr5 ( 8 adv]s>ies may become vagabonds & begg>s2 & ,j]emiah1 t ! *ildr5 ( 8 enemies may p]i% by fam9e4 ,god kills ,ba?-%eba's *ild3 ,& ! ,"l /ruck ! *ild t ,uriah's wife bore unto ,david1 & x 0 v sick4444 ,& x came to pass on ! sev5? day t ! *ild di$ 7#b ,sam4 xii1 #ae-ah74 ,poor babe6 tortur$ & murd]$ = its p>5ts' crime6 ,cruelty to ,animals4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x sanctions & enjo9s unk9dness & cruelty to animals4 ,portions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & p>ticul>ly ^? relat+ to sacrifices1 are calculat$ to fo/] a _s ( brutality1 & a total disreg>d = animal life4 ,god revels 9 ! blood ( ! innoc5t4 ,! (f]+ ( fruits made by ,ca9 is reject$ by him2 ! bloody sacrifice ( ,abel is accept$4 ,ne>ly ! entire book ( ,leviticus is devot$ to su* laws z ^!3 ,if he (f] a lamb = 8 (f]+1 !n %all he (f] x be=e ! ,"l4 ,& he %all lay 8 h& ^u ! head ( 8 (f]+1 & kill x be=e ! tab]nacle ( ! congregation2 & ,a>on's sons %all spr9kle ! blood !re( r\nd ab\t ^u ! alt> 7,lev4 iii1 #g1 #h74 ,& if ! burnt sacrifice = 8 (f]+ to ! ,"l be ( f[ls1 !n he %all br+ 8 (f]+ ( turtle-doves1 or ( "y pigeons4 ,& ! prie/ %all br+ x unto ! alt>1 & wr+ (f 8 head1 & burn x on ! alt>2 & ! blood !re( %all be wrung out at ! side ( ! alt> 7,lev4 i1 #ad1 #ae74 ,! m9ute/ directions = conduct+ ^! bloody sacrifices come f ! lips ( ,jehovah himself1 & are too brutal & disgu/+ to repeat4 ,! numb] ( animals sacrific$ 0 incr$ible4 ,at times :ole h]ds 7 kill$4 ,on "o occasion ,asa sacrific$ #gjj ox5 & #g1jjj %eep4 ,david made an (f]+ ( #a1jjj bullocks & #b1jjj %eep4 ,at ! d$ication ( ! temple1 #adb1jjj dome/ic bea/s 7 sacrific$ by ,solomon4 ,& ?is :olesale slaught] ( innoc5t animals1 we are told1 0 highly pleas+ to ! ,"l4 ,b ,:at 0 8 high pleasure 9 ,! fumes ( scor*+ fle% & smok+ blood1 ,to ! pa9 ( ! bleat+ mo!rs1 :i* ,/ill ye>n$ = _! dead (fspr+8 or ! pangs ,( ! sad ignorant victim und]nea? ,! pi\s knife8 --,byron4 ,a ,god ( m]cy1 x w\ld seem1 ought to protect ! weak] ord]s ( 8 creation2 b ! ,god ( ! ,bible manife/s an utt] disreg>d = !m4 ,:5 ! be+ creat$ 9 8 own image prov$ too true a copy1 & he wi%$ to de/roy x1 he s5t a deluge1 & all fle% di$ t mov$ ^u ! e>?4 ,to wreak 8 v5geance ^u ,ph>aoh1 he visit$ ) disease & dea? 8 un(f5d+ cattle4 ,9 times ( w>1 he ord]$ 8 foll[]s to slay bo? man & bea/4 ,saul's great transgression1 ! *ief cause ( 8 de?ronem5t & dea?1 0 t he sav$ alive "s %eep & ox5 in/ead ( kill+ !m z ,god desir$4 ,david & ,jo%ua1 ,god's favorite w>riors1 h\gh$ ! horses ( _! enemies1 & ?us disabl$ turn$ !m loose to die4 ,we tea* a *ild t x is wrong to rob ! ne/s ( birds4 ,x op5s ! ,bible & reads3 ,if a bird's ne/ *ance to be be=e !e 9 ! way 9 any tree1 or on ! gr\nd1 :e!r !y be "y ones1 or eggs1 & ! dam sitt+ ^u ! "y1 or ^u ! eggs1 ?\ %alt n take ! dam ) ! "y2 b ?\ %alt 9 any wise let ! dam g1 & take ! "y to !e 7,deut4 xxii1 #f1 #g74 ,?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom man's inhumanity to man is only equal$ by 8 cruelty to ! inf]ior animals4 ,! ,buddhi/1 :o has n ! ,bible = 8 guide1 consid]s x a s9 to h>m ! meane/ creature4 ,ev5 ! savage kills only :at he ne$s = food1 or su* z ?reat5 him ) dang]4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian1 ^: ,bible gives him dom9ion ov] ! bea/s ( ! field & ! f[ls ( ! air1 maims & murd]s 9 pure wantonness1 & aft] ye>s ( pati5t s]vice1 ev5 turns 8 bea/ ( burd5 out to die ( hung] & neglect4 ,= ! sake ( ^! dumb creatures1 w\ld t our _w _h less !ology1 & m humanity2 _h few] ,moodys1 & m ,h5ry ,b]ghs6 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4 ,,tyranny--,,intol]ance4 ,tyranny4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because x enjo9s submission to tyrants4 ,submit y\rselves to e ord9ance ( man1 444 :e!r x be to ! k+ z supreme2 or unto gov]nors 7#a ,pet4 ii1 #ac74 ,let e s\l be subject unto ! high] p[]s4 ,= !re is no p[] b ( ,god4 ,:osoev] !re=e resi/e? ! p[]1 resi/e? ! ord9ance ( ,god2 & !y t resi/ %all receive to !mselves damnation 7,rom4 xiii1 #a1 #b74 ,& ^! s5tim5ts 7 utt]$ :5 a ,n]o sat ^u ! ?rone--:5 ,pale/9e 0 be+ cru%$ b5ea? ! iron heel ( despotism--:5 brave & patriotic m5 7 /ruggl+ = fre$om4 ,! ,bible has ev] be5 ! bulw>k ( tyranny4 ,:5 ! oppress$ millions ( ,france 7 endeavor+ to ?r[ (f _! yoke--:5 ! ,wa%+tons1 ! ,frankl9s1 ! ,pa9es1 & ! ,jeff]sons 7 cont5d+ = ,am]ican lib]ty--crav5 prie/s /ood up 9 ! pulpit1 op5$ ?is book1 & gravely read3 ,! p[]s t be are orda9$ ( ,god2 !y t resi/ %all receive to !mselves damnation4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,revolution e ,tory 0 a ,*ri/ian1 & ne>ly e or?odox ,*ri/ian 0 a ,tory4 ,writ+ 9 #aggg1 ,john ,wesley says3 ,i h j receiv$ two lett]s f ,new ,york4444 ,!y in=m me t all ! ,me?odi/s !re 7 firm = ! gov]nm5t1 & on t acc\nt p]secut$ by ! rebels 7,wesley's ,miscellane\s ,works1 ,vol4 ,,iii41 page #daj74 ,ref]r+ to our ,revolution>y fa!rs1 ,rob]t ,dale ,ow5 says3 ,i "k n :at ! private op9ions ( ^? /urdy patriots 71 :o1 9 ! old ,philadelphia ,/ate ,h\se1 app5d$ _! signatures to ! immortal docum5t4 ,b ?is ,i d "k1 t :5 !y did s1 x 0 9 defiance ( ! ,bible2 x 0 9 direct violation ( ! law ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,if a ,be+ :o _c lie p5n$ ! ,bible1 !n ,george ,wa%+ton & e soldi] :o drew sword 9 ! ,republic's armies = lib]ty expiate1 at ?is mom5t1 9 hell-fire1 ! puni%m5t ( _! ungodly /rife6 ,!re1 too1 ,john ,hancock & e patriot ^: "n /&s to ,am]ica's ,title ,de$1 h tak5 _! places ) ! devil & 8 angels6 ,all resi/$ ! p[]2 all1 unless ,god lie1 h receiv$ to !mselves damnation 7,ba*el]-,ow5 ,debate1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 page #bcj74 ,f ! fir/ c5tury to ! tw5tie?--f ,paul to ,leo--^! ,bible tea*+s h dom9at$ ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 ,lecky writes3 ,! tea*+ ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs on ! subject is p]fectly unanim\s & unequivocal4 ,)\t a s+le exception1 all :o t\*$ ^u ! subject pron\nc$ active resi/ance to ! e/abli%$ au?orities to be "u all circum/ances s9ful 7,rationalism 9 ,europe1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 page #acf74 ,j]emy ,taylor1 "o ( ! greate/ ( mod]n div9es1 speak+ n = himself alone1 b = all ,*ri/ians1 says3 ,! matt] ( ,scripture be+ s pla9 t x ne$s no int]pretation1 ! practice & doctr9e ( ! *ur*1 :i* is usually ! be/ comm5t>y1 is n[ b ( little use 9 a case s pla92 yet ?is also is z pla9 9 itself1 & )\t any v>iety1 diss5t1 or int]ruption univ]sally agre$ ^u1 univ]sally practic$ & taught1 t1 let ! p[]s set ov] u be :at !y w1 we mu/ suff] x & nev] "r ourselves 7,ductor ,dubitantium1 ,book ,,iii41 *apt] iii74 ,?is has be5 ! *ief cause ( ,*ri/ian triumph & ,*ri/ian supremacy4 ,x has secur$ = ! *ur* ! adh]5ce & support ( e tyrant 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,?omas ,jeff]son truly says3 ,9 e c\ntry & 9 e age ! prie/ has be5 ho/ile to lib]ty2 he is always 9 alliance ) ! despot1 abett+ 8 abuses 9 return = protection to 8 own4 ,writ+ ( 8 c\ntry & 8 c\ntry's *ur*1 ,macaulay says3 ,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& cont9u$ to be = m ?an #aej ye>s ! s]vile h&maid ( mon>*y1 ! /eady enemy ( public lib]ty4 ,! div9e "r ( k+s & ! duty ( passively obey+ all _! comm&s 7 h] favorite t5ets4 ,%e held ^! t5ets firmly ?r\gh times ( oppression1 p]secution1 & lic5ti\sness1 :ile law 0 trampl$ d[n1 :ile judgm5t 0 p]v]t$1 :ile ! p 7 eat5 z ?\gh !y 7 bread 7,essays1 ,vol4 ,i41 page #fj74 ,intol]ance4 ,i refuse to accept ! ,bible z a moral guide because its tea*+s h fill$ ! _w ) intol]ance & p]secution4 ,if ?y bro!r1 ! son ( ?y "m1 or ?y son1 or ?y daught]1 or ! wife ( ?y bosom1 or ?y fri5d1 :i* is z ?9e own s\l1 entice !e secretly1 say+1 ,let u g & s]ve o!r gods1 :i* ?\ ha/ n kn[n1 ?\ nor ?y fa!rs3 namely1 ( ! gods ( ! p :i* are r\nd ab\t y t is1 accept ano!r religion 444 ?\ %alt n cons5t unto him2 nei!r %all ?9e eye pity him2 nei!r %alt ?\ sp>e1 nei!r %alt ?\ conceal him2 b ?\ %alt surely kill him2 ?9e h& %all be fir/ ^u him to put him to dea?1 & aft]w>ds ! h& ( all ! p 7,deut4 xiii1 #f-i74 ,kill y\r fri5d1 kill y\r bro!r1 kill y\r wife1 kill y\r *ild1 = accept+ ano!r religi\s belief6 ,did a m]ciful ,god inspire ?is pray]8 ,let 8 days be few2 & let ano!r take 8 (fice4 ,let 8 *ildr5 be fa!rless1 & 8 wife a wid[4 ,let 8 *ildr5 be cont9ually vagabonds1 & beg2 let !m seek _! bread also out ( _! desolate places4 ,let ! extortion] cat* all t he ha?2 & let ! /rang]s spoil 8 labor4 ,let !re be none to ext5d m]cy unto him2 nei!r let !re be any to favor 8 fa!rless *ildr5 7,ps4 cix1 #h-ab74 ,9 ! lit]ature ( ! _w !re is no?+ m he>tless1 m infam\s1 ?an ! #aji? ,psalm4--,+]soll4 ,let me quote f ! ,new ,te/am5t3 ,he t believe? & is baptiz$ %all be sav$2 b he t believe? n %all be damn$ 7,m>k xvi1 #af74 ,dep>t f me1 ye curs$1 into ev]la/+ fire 7,matt4 xxv1 #da74 ,^! %all g away into ev]la/+ puni%m5t 7,matt4 xxv1 #df74 ,ca/ into hell1 into ! fire t nev] %all be qu5*$ 7,m>k ix1 #de74 ,^! passages ought to consign to ev]la/+ abhorr5ce ! be+ :o utt]$ !m1 ! book conta9+ !m1 & ! *ur* indors+ !m4 ,?is dogma ( endless puni%m5t is ! dogma ( fi5ds1 ! mo/ infam\s dogma t human lips h ev] brea!d6 ,:at ne$less t]ror x has inspir$6 ,:at mis]y x has caus$6 ,?9k ( ! millions ( innoc5t *ildr5 ^: "y lives x has fill$ ) gloom6 ,?is horrible nightm>e ( hell has /rewn ! pa?way ( *ildhood ) ?orns :]e fl[]s %\ld h be5 made to bloom2 x has fill$ ! m9ds ( *ildr5 ) fe> & made !m wret*$ :5 _! he>ts %\ld h be5 fill$ ) joy2 x has robb$ home ( wife & "m1 x has driv5 ?\s&s ( pure & lov+ wom5 to madness & despair4 ,i _h r trace my desc5t to ! tig] or hy5a ?an to ! creation ( a ,god :o dooms 8 creatures to et]nal pa92 & ! "t w come :5 ! remembrance ( ! !ologians :o h taught ?is hide\s lie w provoke m %ame & pity ?an ! ance/ral apes d n[4 ,if !re come any unto y1 & br+ n ?is doctr9e1 receive him n into y\r h\se 7#b ,john i1 #aj74 ,amid ! /orms ( a w9t] night1 a travel]1 p]i%+ ) cold & hung]1 knocks at y\r door & begs = food & %elt]4 ,y int]rogate him z to 8 religi\s belief1 & f9d+ t he is n a memb] ( y\r *ur* y =bid him to ent]4 ,9 ! morn+ :5 y discov] 8 lifeless body by ! roadside1 h[ impress$ y w be ) ! transc5d5t beauty ( ,bible morals6 ,paul prea*$ a s]mon on *>ity1 & !n wrote to ! ,galatians z foll[s3 ,if any man prea* any o!r gospel unto y ?an t ye h receiv$1 let him be accurs$ 7,gal4 i1 #i74 ,f ! same p51 too1 came ?is sneak+1 infam\s h9t3 ,i w\ld !y 7 ev5 cut (f :i* tr\ble y 7,gal4 v1 #ab74 ,:at gha/ly fruits ^! tea*+s h produc$6 ,we see e>? cov]$ ) ! yell[ bones ( murd]$ h]etics & s*ol>s2 we see ! p]secutions & but*]ies ( ,con/ant9e1 ( ,!odosius1 ( ,clovis1 ( ,ju/9ian1 & ( ,*>lemagne2 we see ! ,crusades1 9 :i* ne>ly tw5ty millions p]i%2 we see ! foll[]s ( ,godfrey 9 ,j]usalem--see ! indiscrim9ate massacre ( m51 wom51 & *ildr5--see ! mosques pil$ sev5 deep ) murd]$ ,s>ac5s--! ,jews burnt 9 _! synagogues2 we see ,coeur de ,lion slaught] 9 cold blood ?\s&s ( captive ,s>ac5s2 we see ! ,franks 9 ,con/ant9ople1 plund]+1 ravi%+1 murd]+2 we see ! ,moors expell$ f ,spa92 we see ! murd] ( ! ,hugu5ots & ,wald5ses--! slaught] ( ,g]man peasants--! desolation ( ,irel&--,holl& cov]$ ) blood2 we witness ,smi?field & ,b>?olomew2 we see ! ,inquisition ) its c\ntless in/rum5ts ( fi5di% cruelty2 we see ! ,auto-da-f1 :]e h]etics1 clad 9 mock]y1 are l$ to torture & to dea?2 we see m5 /ret*$ ^u ! rack1 disjo9t$1 & torn limb f limb2 we see !m flay$ alive--_! ble$+ bodies se>$ ) r$-hot irons2 we see !m cov]$ ) pit* & oil & set on fire2 we see !m hurl$ headlong f t[]s to ! /ony /reets bel[2 we see !m buri$ alive2 we see !m hang$ & qu>t]$2 we see _! eyes bor$ out ) heat$ aug]s--_! tongues torn out--_! bones brok5 ) hamm]s--_! bodies pi]c$ ) a ?\s& ne$les2 we see ag$ wom5 ti$ to ! heels ( fi]y /e$s--see _! mangl$ & ble$+ bodies dragg$ ) lightn+ spe$ ov] ! froz5 e>?2 we see new-born babes flung into ! flames to p]i% ) _! mo!rs1 or ) _! mo!rs sew$ 9 sacks & sunk into ! sea2 9 %ort1 on e h&1 z a result ( ?is book's tea*+s1 we see hate1 torture1 dea?6 ,b1 ?anks to ! brave ,infidels :o h gone be=e1 y1 ,bible morali/s1 c use ^! in/rum5ts ( cruelty to sil5ce h]etics to ,*ri/ianity no m4 ,:]e are ! h&s :i* once = ?is f\l cre$1 ',mid flame & torture1 made an ,a!i/ ble$8 ,gone--l ! p[]s y\r fa!rs us$ s well ,to s5d s\ls heav5w>d ?r\gh ! flames ( hell4 ,& y1 poor palsi$ creatures6 y1 ere long1 ,) !m ?rice curs$ %all swell ,geh5na's ?rong4 ,y\r ,god is dead2 y\r heav5 a hope bewray$2 ,y\r hell a by-^w1 & y\r cre$ a trade2 ,y\r v5geance--:at8 ,a m]e pollut+ t\*-- cripple /rik+ ) a brok5 crut*6 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv4 ,,conclusion4 ,tw5ty crimes & vices--ly+1 *eat+1 /eal+1 murd]1 w>s ( conque/1 human sacrifices1 cannibalism1 wit*craft1 slav]y1 polygamy1 adult]y1 obsc5ity1 intemp]ance1 vagrancy ignorance1 inju/ice to woman1 unk9dness to *ildr51 cruelty to animals1 tyranny1 p]secution--are1 we h se51 sanction$ by ! ,bible4 ,scatt]+ ?is book broadca/ ov] ! l&1 mak+ x ! *ief text-book ( ! ,sunday-s*ool &1 above all1 plac+ x 9 our public s*ools & compell+ our y\? to accept x z infallible au?ority1 is a mon/r\s wrong2 & y :o advocate x are ! enemies ( virtue & ! promot]s ( vice4 ,james ,an?ony ,fr\de says3 ,consid]+ all ! h]esies1 ! enorm\s crimes1 ! wick$ness1 ! a/\nd+ follies1 :i* ! ,bible has be5 made to ju/ify1 & :i* its indiscrim9ate read+ has sugge/$2 consid]+ t x has be51 inde$1 ! sword :i* our ,"l said he 0 s5d+1 & t n ! devil himself c\ld h inv5t$ an implem5t m pot5t to fill ! hat$ _w ) lies & blood & fury1 ,i ?9k c]ta9ly t to s5d hawk]s ov] ! _w load$ ) copies ( ?is book1 scatt]+ x 9 all places1 among all p]sons1 444 is ! mo/ culpable folly ( :i* x is possible = man to be guilty4 ,!re are )9 ! lids ( ?is ,bible a hundr$ *apt]s sanction+ ! bloodie/ de$s 9 all ! annals ( crime2 & ?is is ! book y wi% to place 9 ! h&s ( our sons6 ,!re are )9 ! lids ( ?is ,bible a hundr$ *apt]s :i* no mode/ woman c read )\t h] *eek becom+ t+$ ) ! blu% ( %ame2 & ?is is ! book y wi% to place 9 ! h&s ( our daught]s6 ,if y delight to fea/ ^u su* c>rion y h ! "r to d s1 b y h no "r to ?ru/ x d[n ! ?roats ( y\r neighbors4 ,z a ,lib]al1 ,i conc$e to ! ,*ri/ian cuckoo ! "r to propagate h] species2 b ,i prote/ aga9/ h] lay+ h] eggs 9 ! secul> ne/ & hav+ !m hat*$ by ! /ate4 ,i cont5d t ! ,bible does n pres5t an infallible moral /&>d1 & ,i h giv5 _m valid reasons :y x does n4 ,i expect ! def5d]s ( ?is book to complete ! task t ,i h "h essay$4 ,!y w claim t ! ,bible is oppos$ to crime4 ,!y w1 no d\bt1 cite num]\s passages 9 confirmation ( ?is claim4 ,let !m d ?is4 ,!n place ! results ( our labors side by side4 ,?is w %[ t ! ,bible ab\nds ) tea*+s t conflict4 ,?is fact e/abli%$1 ! dogma ( its div9ity mu/ fall4 ,& ?is is :at ,i am endeavor+ to d--to te> ?is dogma f ! human bra94 ,n until ?is is done c we h a pure morality4 ,s long z m5's m9ds are confus$ & corrupt$ by ^! conflict+ & demoraliz+ tea*+s1 s long w immorality prevail4 ,y _c make m5 moral :ile !y accept z _! moral guide a book :i* sanctions e crime & pres5ts z ! be/ models ( human excell5ce ! mo/ notori\s villa9s4 ,y _c make !m moral by tea*+ !m t a lie is bett] = be+ call$ inspir$1 t a vice becomes a virtue ) age1 t a dead rogue %\ld be canoniz$ & a live "o kill$4 ,n until ?is dogma is de/roy$ c y appreciate :at is m]itori\s 9 ! ,bible4 ,!re are 9 x "s noble precepts4 ,x conta9s along ) ! false mu* t is true2 along ) ! bad mu* t is good2 b :ile y are compell$ to accept all--! true & ! false1 ! good & ! bad1 z alike infallible1 z alike div9e--x c be ( no value to y4 ,y may cont5d t ,i mi/ake ! mean+ ( :at ,i h quot$ f ?is book4 ,b ! language is too pla9 to be mi/ak54 ,d n tell me t x /ates "o ?+ & means ano!r4 ,?is is1 y affirm1 ! ^w ( y\r ,god4 ,is y\r ,god want+ 9 c&or8 ,s f> z ! ,bible is conc]n$1 ! crim9al has z mu* to support ! ju/ness ( 8 crime z ! ,*ri/ian has to su/a9 ! tru?fulness ( 8 cre$4 ,! v>i\s doctr9es ( ! *ur* are n upheld by /rong] ,scripture pro(s ?an h be5 cit$ 9 ju/ification ( ! crimes t ,i h nam$4 ,bible apologi/s tell u t x is only 9 ?is book t wrongdo]s confess & record _! s9s1 & t ?is is evid5ce ( its div9ity4 ,7 ?is true we might say t ! ,bible is ! only book ^: au?ors are s devoid ( %ame z to p>ade _! s9s4 ,b ?is claim is n true4 ,x 0 n ! s9n]s :o wrote ^! acc\nts ( _! s9s any m ?an x is ! crim9als to-day :o write & publi% ! acc\nts ( _! crimes4 ,bible l&s1 we are told1 are m moral ?an o!r l&s4 ,?is is false4 ,! morality ( ,pagan ,*9a & ,japan1 )\t ! ,bible1 is n inf]ior to t ( ,*ri/ian ,europe ) x4 ,mod]n ,europe ) its p>tial rejection ( ! ,bible is sup]ior 9 morality to m$ieval ,europe ) its full acceptance ( x4 ,! morals ( ! p h improv$ 9 ab\t ! same ratio t _! fai? 9 ! book has decl9$4 ,a fur!r decl5sion ( fai? w br+ a fur!r improvem5t 9 morals4 ,9 ,*ri/ian c\ntries ^? :o h disc>d$ its tea*+s are morally sup]ior to ^? :o /ill accept !m4 ,x is ! ignorant :o are ! mo/ dev\t believ]s 9 ?is book1 & x is ! ignorant :o are ! mo/ immoral4 ,! intellig5ce & morality to be f\nd 9 ,*ri/ian l&s are n ! results ( ,bible tea*+s1 b exi/ 9 spite ( !m4 ,t "s great & good m5 h comm5d$ ! ,bible z a moral guide is true4 ,^! comm5dations are giv5 wide publicity4 ,b ! te/imonials ( ^! m5 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 n ! result ( c>eful read+ & /udy4 ,!y h be5 inspir$ by ! tea*+s ( *ildhood1 by ! s5tim5t t prevails ar\nd !m1 or by a p]usal ( only ! *oice/ portions ( ! book4 ,^! te/imonials1 too1 are mo/ly f m5 :o1 :ile express+ admiration = _m ( its tea*+s1 d n believe & d n pr(ess to believe 9 its div9ity4 ,_m ( ^! te/imonials are =g]ies4 ,if y disc>d ! ,bible1 :at1 asks ! ,*ri/ian1 w y give u z a moral guide8 ,ent] a public libr>y bl9dfold$2 take f its %elves a volume at r&om1 & y w sc>cely select a worse "o4 ,! book y select may n p]ta9 to morals4 ,x may n ev5 conta9 ! ^w moral4 ,b nei!r does ! ,bible4 ,mu/ we g to ! ignorant pa/ = our morality8 ,does human exp]i5ce c\nt = no?+8 ,h ! mo/ m>vel\s advances be5 made 9 e o!r dep>tm5t ( human k dur+ ! pa/ two ?\s& ye>s & none 9 e?ical sci5ce8 ,read ,b5?am1 ,mill1 & ,sp5c]4 ,let y\r *ildr5 /udy ,c\nt ,volney's ,law ( ,nature1 & ,miss ,wixon's ,"r ,liv+4 ,^! books are n infallible & div9e1 !y are fallible & human2 b !y are immeasurably sup]ior to any books t sup]naturali/s c (f]4 ,n 9 ,moses nor ,jesus1 n 9 ! ,decalogue nor ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 is !re to be f\nd a /atem5t ( moral duties s j & s compreh5sive z ! foll[+ f ,volney3 ,:at d y conclude f all ?is8 ,i conclude f x t all ! social virtues are only ! habitude ( actions useful to society & to ! individual :o practices !m2 t !y all ref] to ! physical object ( man's pres]vation2 t nature hav+ implant$ 9 u ! want ( t pres]vation1 has made a law to u ( all its consequ5ces1 & a crime ( ev]y?+ t deviates f x2 t we c>ry 9 u ! se$ ( e virtue1 & ( e p]fection2 t x only requires to be develop$ t we are only happy inasmu* z we obs]ve ! rules e/abli%$ by nature = ! end ( our pres]vation2 & t all wisdom1 all p]fection1 all law1 all virtue1 all philosophy1 consi/ 9 ! practice ( ^! axioms f\nd$ on our own organization3--,pres]ve ?yself2 ,in/ruct ?yself2 ,mod]ate ?yself2 live = ?y fell[-m51 t !y may live = !e4 ,! ,bible morali/ w\ld h u believe t f ?is book all morality has be5 d]iv$2 t ,god is ! au?or & ! ,bible ! revelation & sole repository ( moral laws4 ,b x is n f ,gods & ,bibles t ^! laws h come4 ,9 ! words ( ,tyndall1 ,n 9 ! way assum$ by our dogmatic tea*]s has ! morality ( human nature be5 propp$ up4 ,! p[] t has mold$ u ?us f> has work$ ) /]n tools ^u a rigid /uff4444 ,t p[] did n "w ) delusions1 nor w x /ay its h&s :5 su* are remov$4 ,facts1 r ?an dogmas1 h be5 its m9i/]s--hung]1 %ame1 pride1 love1 hate1 t]ror1 awe--su* 7 ! =ces1 ! int]action & adju/m5t ( :i* dur+ ! immeasurable ages ( 8 developm5t wove ! triplex web ( man's physical1 intellectual1 & moral nature1 & su* are ! =ces t w be effectual to ! end4 ,accept+ ! ,bible--n = :at x is claim$ to be1 ! ^w ( ,god1 b = :at x is1 ! "w ( man--,i c excuse1 9 a degree1 ! crude ideas ( "r & wrong & ! laxity ( morals t prevail$ among ! p ^: hi/ory x purports to record4 ,! age 9 :i* !y liv$1 ! circum/ances t surr\nd$ !m1 mu/ palliate1 to "s ext5t1 _! de$s & !ories4 ,b x is humiliat+ to ?9k t 9 ^! bett] times1 illum9at$ by ! light ( a glori\s civilization1 !re are ^? :o spurn ! robes ( virtue t ,reason 9 ! loom ( grave ,exp]i5ce has wov51 & :o f ! d>k & mu/y closets ( ! pa/ drag =? = use ! soil$ & blood-/a9$ g>m5ts t b>b>ians wore4 ,) ?is *apt] our review ( ! ,bible ends4 ,we h exam9$ successively ! au!nticity ( its books1 ! cr$ibility ( its /atem5ts1 & ! morality ( its tea*+s4 ,! au!nticity ( ! ,bible mu/ be ab&on$4 ,x w be ab&on$1 & ab&on$ soon4 ,its cr$ibility1 impair$ by a k ( its lack ( au!nticity & ! exposure ( its numb]less errors1 w be cont5d$ = a:ile long]4 ,b ?is1 9 turn1 w g4 ,:5 its cr$ibility has be5 de/roy$1 & x is ackn[l$g$ to be mo/ly a volume ( fables & leg5ds1 prie/craft cont9u+ to survive1 ! cl]gy1 z a d]ni] resort1 w descant ^u ! div9e lessons ( morality taught by ^! fables & leg5ds4 ,b ! rel5tless iconocla/s ( criticism w break ?is image also1 & ! ,bible z a moral guide & religi\s au?ority w be laid away =ev]4 ,,app5dix4 ,argum5ts ,aga9/ ! ,div9e ,orig9 & 9 ,support ( ! ,human ,orig9 ( ! ,bible4 ,a celebrat$ !ologian has us$ ) mu* +5uity & effect ! wat* z an argum5t 9 support ( ! div9e orig9 ( ! univ]se4 ,i h a wat*4 ,l o!r wat*es x is n infallible4 ,b suppos+ t ,i %\ld claim = x infallibility & div9ity2 t :ile o!r wat*es are ( human inv5tion & workman%ip1 ?is p>ticul> make ( wat*es is ! "w ( ,god4 ,! claim w\ld be deem$ too absurd = s]i\s consid]ation4 ,i w\ld be reg>d$ z a lunatic or a je/]4 ,n[1 x is no m absurd to claim infallibility & div9ity = a wat* ?an x is to claim infallibility & div9ity = a book4 ,yet millions ( p ( recogniz$ sanity & intellig5ce pr(ess to believe1 & _m ( !m d s9c]ely believe1 t a book call$ ! ,bible is div9e4 ,h[ d we acc\nt = ?is8 ,x is simply ! result ( c5turies ( religi\s education4 ,i c\ld h tak5 my *ildr5 & taught !m t my wat* is div9e4 ,_h ,i kept !m isolat$ z f> z possible f o!r p1 _h ,i comm&$ !m to %un discussion1 & =bidd5 !m to reason ab\t x1 z ! cl]gy d 9 reg>d to ! ,bible1 !y w\ld probably believe x4 ,i 0 taught t ! ,bible is div9e4 ,i believ$ x4 ,b 9 a =tunate h\r ,i li/5$ to ! voice ( ,reason2 ,i exam9$ ! claims ( its advocates2 ,i read x2 & ! halo ( hol9ess surr\nd+ ! old book vani%$4 ,z a supplem5t to my review ( ! ,bible ,i %all pres5t "s argum5ts1 ?irty-six 9 numb]1 aga9/ ! div9e orig9 & 9 support ( ! human orig9 ( ! ,bible4 ,! brevity & incomplet5ess ( _m ( !m w1 ,i admit1 ju/ify ! conclusion n prov54 ,i h space = little m ?an a m]e /atem5t ( !m4 ,! evid5ce support+ !m w be f\nd 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s ( ?is book4 ,9 a discussion ( ?is "q ! *ampion ( ! ,bible is plac$ at a trem5d\s disadvantage--is h&icapp$ z x 7--at ! v comm5cem5t by ?is fact3 ,:ile bo? ! advocates & oppon5ts ( ,bible div9ity admit t man exi/s & has writt5 books1 x has n be5 prov5 t a ,god ev5 exi/s1 mu* less t he has writt5 or inspir$ a book4 ,b let u conc$e1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t !re is a ,god2 t he is all-p[]ful1 all-wise1 & all-j2 & t he c write or inspire a book4 ,is ! ,bible ! "w ( su* a ,be+8 ,x is n4 ,! foll[+ are my argum5ts3 #a4 ,its me*anical con/ruction & appe>ance4 ,! ,bible is pr9t$ ) type made by man1 on pap] made by man1 & b\nd 9 a volume by man4 ,9 its me*anical con/ruction & appe>ance x does n diff] f o!r books4 #b4 ,! "* ( its cont5ts4 ,! cont5ts ( ?is book consi/ ( ?\ghts--human ?\ghts--e ?\ght be>+ unmi/akable evid5ce ( hav+ emanat$ f ! human m9d4 ,!re is n a ?\ght express$ 9 ! ,bible1 ! mean+ ( :i* c be compreh5d$1 t is beyond ! p[] ( man to conceive4 ,if x conta9s ?\ghts1 ! mean+ ( :i* _c be compreh5d$1 !y are n a revelation1 & are self-evid5tly human4 #c4 ,! mann] 9 :i* its cont5ts 7 communicat$ to man4 ,^! ?\ghts are express$ 9 human language4 ,! ,bible orig9ally appe>$1 x is claim$1 9 ! ,hebrew1 ,aramaic1 & ,greek languages1 two ( !m obscure languages ( ,we/]n ,asia4 ,! presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates does n issue an important proclamation 9 ! ,*]okee or ,tagalese language1 & ! rul] ( ! univ]se w\ld n h issu$ a message int5d$ = all mank9d 9 ! mo/ obscure languages ( ! _w4 ,_h he giv5 a message to man he w\ld h provid$ a univ]sal language = its transmission4 #d4 ,lack ( div9e sup]vision 9 its translation into o!r tongues4 ,fail+ to provide a univ]sal language = its transmission1 ,god w\ld at lea/ h sup]vis$ its translation into o!r languages4 ,only 9 ?is way c\ld its in]rancy & div9ity h be5 pres]v$4 ,yet no div9e sup]vision has be5 ex]cis$ ov] ! translators1 ! transcrib]s1 & ! pr9t]s ( ?is book4 ,div9e sup]vision1 x is admitt$1 0 conf9$ to ! orig9al writ]s4 #e4 ,n giv5 to man until at a late p]iod 9 8 exi/5ce4 ,?is is an argum5t advanc$ by ,napoleon ,bonap>te4 ,napoleon reject$ ! ,bible4 ,he said t if x _h be5 giv5 to man at ! creation he might h accept$ x1 b t its late appe>ance prov$ to him t x 0 ( human orig94 #f4 ,n giv5 z a guide to all mank9d1 b only to an insignificant portion ( x4 ,n only has ! ,bible be5 conf9$ to a small p]iod ( man's exi/5ce1 x is ne>ly all address$ to "o small race ( e>?'s inhabitants4 ,:ile ,*ri/ians affirm t x is a univ]sal message int5d$ = all1 its doctr9es & c]emonies p]ta9 to ! ,jews4 ,?is is :olly true ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 &1 ) ! exception ( a few d\btful passages1 true ( ! ,f\r ,gospels1 ! *ief books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,n[1 is x reasonable to suppose t ?is great & j ,all-,fa!r1 z he is call$1 w\ld = c5turies take into 8 special confid5ce & c>e a few ( 8 *ildr5 & ignore & neglect ! o!rs8 #g4 ,x deals = ! mo/ "p1 n ) ! works ( ,god1 b ) ! works ( man4 ,:at man does & kn[s is n a div9e revelation4 ,pa9e says3 ,revelation1 !re=e1 _c be appli$ to any?+ done ^u e>?1 ( :i* man himself is ! actor or witness2 & consequ5tly all ! hi/orical & anecdotal "p ( ! ,bible1 :i* is almo/ ! :ole ( x1 is n )9 ! mean+ & compass ( ! ^w revelation1 & !re=e is n ! ^w ( ,god4 #h4 ,b "o ( _m ,bibles4 ,!re are _m ,bibles4 ,! _w is divid$ into v>i\s religi\s sy/ems4 ,! adh]5ts ( ea* sy/em h _! sacr$ book1 or ,bible4 ,brahm9s h ! ,v$as & ,puranas1 ,buddhi/s ! ,tripitaka1 ,zoroa/rians ! ,z5d ,ave/a1 ,confucians ! five ,k+1 ,mohamm$ans ! ,koran1 & ,*ri/ians ! ,holy ,bible4 ,! adh]5ts ( ea* claim t _! book is a revelation f ,god--t ! o!rs are spuri\s4 ,n[1 if ! ,*ri/ian ,bible 7 a revelation--if x 7 ,god's only revelation1 z affirm$--w\ld he all[ ^! spuri\s books to be impos$ ^u mank9d & delude ! great] portion ( 8 *ildr58 #i4 ,_m v]sions ( ?is ,bible4 ,n only are !re _m ,bibles 9 ! _w1 !re are _m v]sions ( ! ,*ri/ian ,bible4 ,! believ]s 9 a div9e revelation h n be5 agre$ z to :at books belong to ?is revelation4 ,! anci5t ,jews1 :o are said to h su/a9$ m intimate relations ) ,god ?an any o!r race1 7 n agre$ 9 reg>d to ?is4 ,! accept$ ,hebrew v]sion conta9s #ci books 7#bb z divid$ by ! ,jews71 ! ,sam>itan v]sion conta9s b #f books 7"s copies #e72 :ile ! ,septuag9t v]sion conta9s #ej4 ,! e>ly ,*ri/ians 7 n agre$4 ,! ,syriac v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t conta9s #bb books2 ! ,italic #bd 7"s copies #be72 ! ,egyptian #bf2 ! ,vulgate #bg4 ,! ,s9aitic & ,alex&rian ,,mss4 ea* conta9s #bi books1 b !y are n all ! same4 ,! ,go?ic v]sion omitt$ f\r books 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,! ,e?iopic omitt$ books 9 bo? ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts :i* are n[ accept$1 & includ$ books 9 bo? :i* are n[ reject$4 ,! ,bibles ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic1 ( ! ,greek ,ca?olic1 & ( ! ,prote/ant *ur*es d n conta9 ! same books4 ,?is disagreem5t reg>d+ ! books ( ! ,bible is pro( ( _! human orig94 #aj4 ,incompet5cy ( ^? :o det]m9$ ! canon4 ,if ! ,bible 7 ! ^w ( ,god x w\ld n h requir$ ! delib]ations ( a *ur* c\ncil to det]m9e ! fact4 ,& yet ! ,*ri/ian canon 0 det]m9$ 9 ?is mann]2 & x took c5turies ( "t & _m c\ncils to make a collection ( books t 0 acceptable to ! *ur*4 ,n until ! close ( ! f\r? c5tury 7 all ! books ( ! ,bible adopt$4 ,x is commonly suppos$ t ! memb]s ( ^! c\ncils 7 m5 ( great le>n+ & /ill great] hone/y4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y 7 mo/ly m5 ( little le>n+ & less hone/y4 ,!y 7 ignorant1 fanatical1 & immoral4 ,_! delib]ations 7 *>act]iz$ by trick]y1 ly+1 mob viol5ce1 & ev5 murd]4 ,_m ( !m1 s f> f be+ able to read & critically exam9e ! books ( ! ,bible1 c\ld n read _! own names4 ,ev5 ! mold]s ( _! op9ions conc]n+ ! canon--,ir5u1 ,t]tullian1 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,j]ome1 & ,augu/9e--7 !y liv+ n[1 w\ld be consid]$ v ord9>y clay4 ,! hi/orical facts 9 reg>d to ! =mation ( ! ,bible1 if g5]ally kn[n1 w\ld be suffici5t to dispel all illusions respect+ its div9ity4 #aa4 ,books belong+ to ?is s-call$ revelation lo/ or de/roy$4 ,!re 7 _m o!r ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian writ+s = :i* div9ity 0 claim$ & :i* ,bible writ]s !mselves decl>e to be ( z mu* importance & au?ority z ^? :i* /ill exi/4 ,! transitory & p]i%able nature ( ^! books proves _! human orig91 & %[s t :ile ^? t rema9 are m endur+ !y are n immortal & imp]i%able1 & h5ce n div9e4 #ab4 ,diff]5t v]sions ( ! same book d n agree4 ,!re are a hundr$ v]sions & translations ( ! books ( ! ,bible4 ,no two v]sions ( any book agree4 ,! translators & copyi/s h alt]$ ne>ly e p>agraph4 ,! e>li] v]sions alone conta9 m ?an #ajj1jjj diff]5t read+s4 ,! orig9al text no long] exi/s & _c be re/or$4 ,e v]sion1 x is admitt$1 ab\nds ) corruptions4 ,n[1 to ass]t t a book is at ! same "t div9e & corrupt is a contradiction ( t]ms4 ,god1 x is affirm$1 is all-wise1 all-p[]ful1 & all-j4 ,if he is all-wise he knew :5 8 "w 0 be+ corrupt$2 if he is all-p[]ful he c\ld h prev5t$ x2 if he is all-j he w\ld h prev5t$ x4 ,?is ,god1 x is decl>$1 is ev]y:]e & sees ev]y?+4 ,he wat*es ! sp>r[s :5 !y fall1 & numb]s ! hairs ( our heads4 ,he kn[s ! secrets ( e he>t4 ,if he made a revelation to 8 *ildr51 ^u ! acceptance & obs]vance ( :i* dep5ds _! et]nal happ9ess1 & !n kn[+ly & wilfully all[$ ?is revelation to be p]v]t$ & misund]/ood1 he is n a j ,god1 b an unju/ devil4 #ac4 ,! mutability ( its cont5ts4 ,! alt]ations made by transcrib]s & translators demon/rate ! mutability ( its cont5ts1 & ?is disproves its div9e "*4 ,to admit t man c alt] ! "w ( ,god is to admit t human p[] transc5ds div9e p[]4 ,if ! ?\ghts compos+ ! ,bible 7 div9e man c\ld n alt] !m4 #ad4 ,! anonym\s "* ( its books4 ,if ! ,bible is to be accept$ ev5 z a reliable human record its au?ors ought1 at lea/1 to be p]sons ( ackn[l$g$ intellig5ce & v]acity4 ,& yet almo/ no?+ is kn[n ( its au?ors4 ,! au?or%ip ( fully fifty books ( ! ,bible is absolutely unkn[n4 ,its books are ne>ly all ei!r anonym\s or self-evid5t =g]ies4 ,?is is true ( ! mo/ important books4 ,! ,p5tateu* we "k 0 n writt5 by ,moses1 nor ! ,f\r ,gospels by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john4 ,aside f ! anonym\s "* ( ! writ+s ( ! ,bible1 ) a few exceptions1 !y ev9ce nei!r a sup]ior degree ( intellig5ce nor a high reg>d = ! tru?4 #ae4 ,its num]\s contradictions4 ,if ! ,bible 7 div9e !re w\ld be p]fect h>mony 9 all its /atem5ts4 ,"o contradiction is fatal to ! claim ( in]rancy & div9ity4 ,n[ ! ,bible conta9s n m]ely "o1 b hundr$s ( contradictions4 ,ne>ly e book conta9s /atem5ts t are contradict$ by ! writ]s ( o!r books4 ,?is is especially true ( ! ,f\r ,gospels4 ,! writ]s ( ^! agree t a be+ call$ ,jesus ,*ri/ liv$ & di$2 b reg>d+ ne>ly e ev5t connect$ ) 8 life & dea? !y disagree4 ,human discord1 & n div9e h>mony1 dwells 9 its pages4 #af4 ,its hi/orical errors4 ,if ! ,bible 7 div9e its hi/ory w\ld be infallible4 ,b x is n4 ,x pres5ts z hi/orical facts ! mo/ palpable fictions1 & d5ies or mis/ates ! be/ au!nticat$ tru?s ( hi/ory4 ,ref]r+ to ,bible writ]s1 ! em95t ,dut* div9es1 ,drs4 ,ku551 ,oort1 & ,hooykaas1 9 _! preface to ,! ,bible = ,le>n]s1 say3 ,z a rule1 !y conc]n !mselves v little ) ! "q :e!r :at !y n>rat$ really happ5$ s or n4 ,its hi/ory is fallible & human4 #ag4 ,its sci5tific errors4 ,god1 ! alleg$ au?or ( ?is book1 x is claim$1 creat$ ! univ]se4 ,he ought1 !n1 to be famili> ) 8 own works4 ,! writ]s ( ! ,bible1 on ! contr>y1 display a lam5table ignorance ( ! univ]se & its ph5om5a4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,l9dsay ,alex&]1 or?odox ,calv9i/1 9 8 ,biblical ,!ology1 ref]r+ to ^! writ]s1 says3 ,we f9d 9 _! writ+s /atem5ts :i* no +5uity c reconcile ) :at mod]n rese>* has %[n to be sci5tific tru?4 ,! demon/rat$ tru?s ( mod]n sci5ce 7 unkn[n to !m4 ,!y give u ! crude ideas ( primitive man & n ! infallible k ( an omnisci5t ,god4 #ah4 ,its alleg$ miracles4 ,! ,bible is fill$ ) m>vel\s /ories4 ,! sun & moon /& /ill2 ! globe is subm]g$ ) wat] to ! dep? ( sev]al miles2 rods are trans=m$ into s]p5ts1 du/ into lice1 & wat] into blood & w9e2 animals hold conv]se ) man 9 8 own language2 m5 pass ?r\gh fi]y furnaces unh>m$2 a *ild is born )\t a natural fa!r2 ! dead arise f ! grave & walk ! e>? aga94 ,^! m>vel\s /ories--^! miracles--are adduc$ to prove ! div9e orig9 ( ! ,bible4 ,!y prove its human orig94 ,if ^! miracles prove ! div9ity ( ! ,bible1 !n ne>ly all ! books ( old are div9e1 = !y ab\nd ) ^! same miracles4 ,if ^! /ories be true1 if ^! miracles occurr$1 ! laws ( nature 7 arre/$ & susp5d$4 ,! laws ( nature are immutable4 ,if ! laws ( nature are immutable !y _c be susp5d$4 ,! laws ( nature _c be susp5d$2 !y nev] h be5 susp5d$2 ^! /ories are false2 & be+ false1 ! ,bible is n div9e4 #ai4 ,its immoral tea*+s4 ,if ! ,bible 7 ( div9e orig9 its moral tea*+s w\ld be div9e4 ,x w\ld be :at its adh]5ts affirm x to be1 an infallible moral guide4 ,b its moral tea*+s are n div9e2 x is n an infallible moral guide4 ,x conta9s1 l o!r ,bibles1 "s moral precepts2 b x also sanctions ne>ly e crime & vice4 ,w> & murd]1 bigotry & p]secution1 tyranny & slav]y1 demonism & wit*craft1 adult]y & pro/itution1 drunk5ness & vagrancy1 robb]y & *eat+1 falsehood & deception1 are all au?oriz$ & comm5d$ by ?is book4 ,x _c1 !re=e1 be div9e4 #bj4 ,its inf]ior lit]>y "*4 ,if ! ,bible 7 ! ^w ( ,god1 z a lit]>y composition x w\ld be above criticism4 ,x w\ld be z f> sup]ior to all o!r books z ,god is sup]ior to man4 ,its rhetoric w\ld transc5d 9 beauty ! glori\s color+ ( a ,titian4 ,its logic w\ld be faultless4 ,! ,bible is n su* a book4 ,x conta9s "s admirable pieces & ^! owe mu* ( _! lit]>y m]it to ! translators1 appe>+ z our v]sion did 9 ! gold5 age ( ,engli% lit]ature4 ,z a :ole x is f> inf]ior to ! lit]ature ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome2 inf]ior to ! lit]ature ( mod]n ,italy1 ( ,france1 ( ,g]many1 & ( ,engl&4 ,if ! ,bible be ! ^w ( ,god x is a long way f ,god up to ,%akespe>e4 #ba4 ,its writ]s d n claim to be inspir$4 ,_h ! writ]s ( ! ,bible be5 inspir$ !y w\ld h kn[n x & w\ld h proclaim$ x4 ,_h !y claim$ to be inspir$ x w\ld n prove ! ,bible to be div9e1 = l ,mohamm$1 !y might h be5 delud$1 or1 l a m rec5t f9d] ( a holy book1 impo/ors4 ,b !y d n ev5 claim t _! books are div9e revelations4 ,"s ( ^! books conta9 :at purport to be div9e revelations1 b ! books !mselves d n pret5d to be div9e4 ,! only exception is ! book call$ ,revelation1 admitt$ly ! mo/ d\btful book ( ! ,bible4 ,all scripture is giv5 by inspiration4 ,waiv+ ! que/ions ( au!nticity & correct translation1 :o wrote ?is8 ,paul4 ,:at 0 ! scripture :5 he wrote8 ,! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! ,old ,te/am5t alone4 ,! writ]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t d n claim to be div9ely inspir$4 ,?is is a claim made by ! lat] ,jews & by ! e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,paul & ! o!r writ]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t d n claim t _! writ+s are div9e4 ,?is1 too1 is a claim made by o!rs long aft] !y 7 writt54 ,! fact t ! writ]s ( ! ,bible d n believe & d n ass]t t _! books are ( div9e orig91 t ?is claim 0 fir/ made _m ye>s aft] !y 7 compos$1 by ^? :o knew no?+ ( _! orig91 is ( itself1 9 ! abs5ce ( all o!r evid5ce1 suffici5t to demon/rate _! human orig94 #bb4 ,god has nev] decl>$ x to be 8 ^w4 ,! ,bible does n1 z we h se51 purport to be ! ^w ( ,god4 ,n[h]e1 nei!r 9 ! book nor outside ( x1 has he decl>$ x to be 8 reveal$ w4 ,x conta9s v>i\s messages1 *iefly ( local conc]n1 :i* he is said to h deliv]$ to man2 b ! book1 z su*1 is n ascrib$ to him nor claim$ by him4 #bc4 ,:atev] its orig9 x _c be a div9e revelation to u4 ,ev5 suppos+ t ! writ]s ( ! ,bible _h claim$ to be inspir$ & t ^! books really 7 a div9e revelation to !m1 !y w\ld n1 z ,pa9e ju/ly argues1 be a div9e revelation to u4 ,! only evid5ce we w\ld h ( _! div9ity w\ld be ! claim ( ! writ]--a claim t any writ] might make--a claim t ev5 an hone/ writ] might make 7 he1 l _m religi\s writ]s1 ! victim ( a delusion4 #bd4 ,a writt5 revelation unnecess>y4 ,to affirm ! necessity ( a writt5 revelation f ,god to man1 z ,*ri/ians d1 is to d5y 8 div9e attributes & ascribe to him ! limitations ( man4 ,if ,god be omnipot5t & omnipres5t a writt5 revelation is unnecess>y4 ,to impute to him an unnecess>y act is to impute to him an imp]fection1 & to impute to him an imp]fection is to impugn 8 div9ity4 ,we d n write a communication to "o :o is pres5t4 ,?9k ( an inf9ite1 all-p[]ful1 & ev]-pres5t ,god commun+ ) 8 liv+ *ildr5 ?r\gh an obscure & corrupt$ message said to h be5 deliv]$ to a tribe ( b>b>ians ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago6 #be4 ,its want ( univ]sal acceptance4 ,a div9e revelation int5d$ = all mank9d c be h>moniz$ only ) a univ]sal acceptance ( ?is revelation4 ,god1 x is affirm$1 has made a revelation to ! _w4 ,^? :o receive & accept ?is revelation are sav$2 ^? :o fail to receive & accept x are lo/4 ,?is ,god1 x is claim$1 is all-p[]ful & all-j4 ,if he is all-p[]ful he c give 8 *ildr5 a revelation4 ,if he is all-j he w give ?is revelation to all4 ,he w n give x to a "p ( !m & all[ !m to be sav$ & )hold x f ! o!rs & suff] !m to be lo/4 ,y\r h\se is on fire4 ,y\r *ildr5 are asleep 9 _! rooms4 ,:at is y\r duty8 ,to ar\se !m & rescue !m--to awak5 all ( !m & save all ( !m4 ,if y awak5 & save only a "p ( !m :5 x is 9 y\r p[] to save !m all y are a fi5d4 ,if y /& outside & bl[ a trumpet & say1 ,i h w>n$ !m1 ,i h done my duty1 & !y p]i%1 y are /ill a fi5d4 ,if ,god does n give 8 revelation to all2 if he does n disclose its div9ity to all2 if he does n make x compreh5sible & acceptable to all2 9 %ort1 if he does n save all1 he is ! pr9ce ( fi5ds4 ,if all ! _w's inhabitants b "o accept$ ! ,bible & !re 0 "o :o c\ld n hone/ly accept x1 its rejection by "o human be+ w\ld prove t x is n f an all-p[]ful & an all-j ,god2 = an all-p[]ful ,god :o fail$ to rea* & conv9ce ev5 "o ( 8 *ildr5 w\ld n be an all-j ,god4 ,has ! ,bible be5 giv5 to all ! _w8 ,d all accept x8 ,?ree-f\r?s ( ! human race reject x2 millions h nev] he>d ( x4 #bf4 ,non-agreem5t ( ^? :o pr(ess to accept x4 ,if ! ,bible 7 ! "w ( ,god !re w\ld be no disagreem5t 9 reg>d to its tea*+s4 ,its e ^w w\ld be z cle> z ! light ( day4 ,yet ^? :o pr(ess to accept x z div9e are n agre$ z to :at x means4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian _w are a hundr$ sects1 ea* ) a diff]5t int]pretation ( its v>i\s tea*+s4 ,take ! rite ( baptism4 ,baptism is enjo9$ by ! ,bible4 ,b :at is baptism8 ,! ?ree lead+ ,prote/ant d5om9ations ( ?is c\ntry are ! ,bapti/1 ! ,presbyt]ian1 & ! ,me?odi/4 ,i ask ! ,bapti/ :at con/itutes baptism1 & he tells me imm]sion2 ,i ask ! ,presbyt]ian1 & he tells me spr9kl+2 ,i ask ! ,me?odi/ :i* is prop]1 & he tells me to take my *oice4 ,sect>ianism is conclusive pro( t ! ,bible is human4 #bg4 ,inability ( ^? :o affirm bo? a human & a div9e elem5t 9 x to di/+ui% ! "o f ! o!r4 ,confront$ by its _m gl>+ errors & abom9able tea*+s1 "s cont5d t a "p ( x is ! "w ( man & a "p ! "w ( ,god4 ,& yet !y are unable to sep>ate ! "o f ! o!r4 ,if a hundr$ attempts 7 made by !m to elim9ate ! human f ! div9e no two results w\ld be ! same4 ,_! inability to di/+ui% ?is suppos$ div9e elem5t f ! human is pro( t bo? h ! same orig9--t bo? are human4 #bh4 ,! "* ( its reput$ div9e au?or4 ,! ,bible is an atroci\s libel on ,god4 ,x traduces 8 "*1 & d5ies 8 div9ity4 ,! ,god ( ! ,bible is n ?is all-p[]ful1 all-wise1 & all-j ,rul] ( ! univ]se1 b a creature ( ! human imag9ation1 limit$ 9 p[] & k1 & inf9ite only 9 vanity & cruelty4 #bi4 ,! belief ( primitive ,*ri/ians 9 its div9ity n an imm$iate conviction b a gr[?4 ,_h ! books ( ! ,bible be5 div9ely inspir$ _! div9ity w\ld h be5 recogniz$ at once4 ,:5 !y orig9ally appe>$ !y 7 believ$ & kn[n to be ! works ( man & accept$ z su*4 ,ref]r+ to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ,dr4 ,davidson says3 ,! degree ( au?ority atta*+ to ! ,biblical books grew f less to great]1 till x culm9at$ 9 a div9e "*1 a sacr$ness ris+ ev5 to infallibility 7,! ,canon ( ! ,bible1 p4 #bgd74 ,( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,dr4 ,we/cott says3 ,x _c1 h[ev]1 be d5i$ t ! idea ( ! inspiration ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* x is ma9ta9$ n[1 0 ! gr[? ( "t 7,on ! ,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 p4 #ee74 ,! admitt$ fact t ^! books 7 orig9ally pres5t$ & receiv$ z human productions1 & t ! idea ( inspiration & div9ity 0 gradually & sl[ly develop$ by ! prie/hood1 is conclusive pro( t !y are ( human & n ( div9e orig94 #cj4 ,its acceptance by mod]n ,*ri/ians ! result ( religi\s tea*+4 ,9 ,india ! p believe t ! ,v$as & o!r sacr$ books or ,bibles are div9e4 ,:y d !y believe x8 ,because = a hundr$ g5]ations !y h be5 taught x by _! prie/s4 ,! ,turks believe t ! ,koran came f ,god4 ,!y believe x because = twelve c5turies ?is has be5 _! religi\s tea*+4 ,= ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s ,*ri/ian prie/s h taught t ! ,holy ,bible is ! ^w ( ,god4 ,z a result ( ?is ! masses ( ,europe & ,am]ica believe x to be div9e4 ,ea* g5]ation1 ?or\ghly impregnat$ ) sup]/ition1 transmitt$ ! disease to ! succe$+ "o & made x easy = ! cl]gy to impose _! tea*+s on ! p & p]petuate _! rule4 ,! belief ( ,*ri/ians 9 ! div9ity ( ! ,bible1 l ! belief ( ,h9doos 9 ! div9ity ( ! ,v$as1 & ( ,mohamm$ans 9 ! div9ity ( ! ,koran1 is ! result ( religi\s tea*+4 ,! ease ) :i* a belief 9 ! div9e "* ( a book obta9s1 ev5 9 an enlight5$ age1 is illu/rat$ by ! inspir$ 787 books t h appe>$ 9 ?is c\ntry f "t to "t1 & = sev]al ( :i* num]\s adh]5ts h be5 secur$4 ,ab\t sev5ty-five ye>s ago a curi\s volume1 call$ ! ,book ( ,mormon1 made its appe>ance4 ,a few impo/ors & delud$ m5 proclaim$ its div9ity4 ,a prie/hood 0 e/abli%$2 ,mormon education & ,mormon proselytism began _! "w1 & already ne>ly a million conv]ts h be5 made to ! div9ity ( ?is book4 ,dr4 ,isaac ,watts says3 ,! greate/ "p ( ! ,*ri/ian _w c h>dly give any reason :y !y believe ! ,bible to be ! ,^w ( ,god1 b because !y h always believ$ x1 & !y 7 taught s f _! infancy4 ,really ! entire ,*ri/ian _w--pope1 bi%op1 prie/1 & layman--! le>n$ & ! unle>n$--c give no o!r valid reason4 ,pr(\ndly true are ^! words ( ! hi/orian ,lecky3 ,! ov]:elm+ majority ( ! human race necess>ily accept _! op9ions f au?ority4 ,:e!r !y d s av[$ly1 l ! ,ca?olics1 or unconsci\sly1 l mo/ ,prote/ants1 is immat]ial4 ,!y h nei!r "t nor opportunity to exam9e = !mselves4 ,!y are taught c]ta9 doctr9es on disput$ que/ions z if !y 7 unque/ionable tru?s1 :5 !y are incapable ( judg+1 & e influ5ce is employ$ to deep5 ! impression4 ,?is is ! orig9 ( _! belief4 ,n until long ye>s ( m5tal conflict h pass$ c !y obta9 ! ine/imable boon ( an assur$ & untrammel$ m9d4 ,! fable ( ! anci5t is /ill true4 ,! woman ev5 n[ sits at ! portal ( life1 pres5t+ a cup to all :o ent] 9 :i* diffuses ?r\gh e ve9 a poison t w cl+ to !m = ev]4 ,! judgm5t may pi]ce ! cl\ds ( prejudice2 9 ! mom5ts ( h] /r5g? %e may ev5 rejoice & triumph 9 h] lib]ty2 yet ! conceptions ( *ildhood w long rema9 lat5t 9 ! m9d to reappe> 9 e h\r ( weakness1 :5 ! t5sion ( ! reason is relax$1 & :5 ! p[] ( old associations is supreme 7,hi/ory ( ,rationalism1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 pp4 #ie1 #if74 ,s*op5hau] says3 ,!re is 9 *ildhood a p]iod measur$ by six1 or at mo/ by t5 ye>s1 :5 any well inculcat$ dogma1 no matt] h[ extravagantly absurd1 is sure to reta9 its hold = life4 ,consid]+ ! impressionable "* ( ! immature m9d1 & h[ ne>ly impossible x is to eradicate ! impressions ( *ildhood1 ! wond] is n t s _m believe 9 ! div9ity ( ! ,bible1 unreasonable z ! belief is1 b r t s _m disbelieve x4 #ca4 ,an article ( m]*&ise4 ,bibles are manufactur$ & sold j z o!r books are manufactur$ & sold4 ,"s are pr9t$ on poor pap]1 *eaply b\nd1 & sold at a l[ price2 :ile o!rs are pr9t$ on ! be/ ( pap]1 ri*ly b\nd1 & sold at a high price4 ,b all are sold at a pr(it4 ,! publi%] & ! book sell]1 or ,bible ag5t1 d]ive pecuni>y ga9 f _! publication & sale4 ,x may be urg$ t ! ,bible c be obta9$ = ! ask+1 t millions ( copies are gratuit\sly di/ribut$4 ,b ?is is done 9 ! int]e/ ( ,*ri/ian propag&ism4 ,ne>ly all religi\s1 political1 & social organizations1 to promote _! "w1 make a free di/ribution ( _! lit]ature4 ,! pr9t+ & sell+ ( ,bibles is z mu* a "p ( ! publi%+ bus9ess z ! pr9t+ & sell+ ( novels4 ,"o ( ! lead+ publi%+ h\ses ( ?is c\ntry is t ( ! ,am]ican ,bible ,society4 ,weal?y & delud$ ,*ri/ians h be5 successfully importun$ to contribute millions to ?is ,society4 ,directly or indirectly ! cl]gy reap ! h>ve/1 leav+ ! glean+s to ! lay employees1 _m ( :om labor at />vation wages4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 ! cr[n has claim$ ! sole & p]petual "r to pr9t ! ,bible 7,a4 ,v474 ,= monet>y or o!r consid]ations h] k+s h delegat$ ?is "r to publi%]s :o h amass$ =tunes f its sale4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago ,bible publi%+ 0 *>act]iz$ z ! wor/ monopoly 9 ,engl&4 ,if ! ,bible 7 div9e ,god w\ld n all[ x to be us$ z m]*&ise4 ,x w\ld be z free z light & air4 #cb4 ,a pill> ( prie/craft4 ,n only is ! ,bible pr9t$ & sold l o!r books1 b its s-call$ div9e tea*+s !mselves are us$ z m]*&ise4 ,!re are 9 ,*ri/5dom half a million prie/s & prea*]s4 ,^! prie/s & prea*]s are support$ by ! p4 ,ev5 ! humble labor] & ! poor s]vant girl are oblig$ to contribute a portion ( _! h>d e>n+s = ?is purpose4 ,9 ?is c\ntry alone two ?\s& million doll>s are inve/$ = _! b5efit2 :ile two hundr$ million doll>s are annually exp5d$ = _! support4 ,= :at are ^! m5 employ$8 ,to int]pret ,god's revelation to mank9d1 we are told4 ,an all-p[]ful ,god ne$+ an int]pret]6 ,accord+ to ! cl]gy1 ,god ?\gh omnipres5t has _h to s5d a communication to 8 *ildr51 & ?\gh omnipot5t he _c make !m und]/& x4 ,^? ignorant ( o!r tongues & unable to make kn[n _! wants require int]pret]s4 ,! v>i\s ,indian tribes employ !m4 ,= ! sake ( ga9 ^! m5 degrade _! ,god to ! level ( an ,am]ican savage1 repres5t+ him z incapable ( express+ 8 ?\ghts to man1 & repres5t+ !mselves z ! possessors ( bo? human & div9e wisdom & au?oriz$ to speak = him4 ,^! ,bibles are simply ! ag5ts employ$ by prie/s to e/abli% & p]petuate _! p[]4 ,!y claim to be ,god's viceg]5ts on e>?4 ,z _! cr$5tials !y pres5t ^! old religi\s & my?ological books4 ,^! books ab\nd ) ! m>vel\s & my/]i\s--! impossible & unreasonable--& are easily impos$ ^u ! cr$ul\s4 ,if ! cont5ts ( a book be intelligible & reasonable y c n conv9ce ^! p t x is o!r ?an natural & human2 b if its cont5ts be un9telligible & unreasonable x is easy to conv9ce !m t x is sup]natural & div9e4 ,smi?'s ,bible ,diction>y says3 ,! language ( ! ,apo/les is int5tionally obscure4 ,( c\rse2 if x 7 n obscure !re w\ld be no ne$ ( prie/s to int]pret x1 & :at is ,scripture = if n to give employm5t to ! prie/s8 ,we are triumphantly told t ! ,bible has )/ood ! assaults ( critics = two ?\s& ye>s4 ,b z mu* c be said ( o!r sacr$ books4 ,any bus9ess w ?rive z long z x is pr(itable4 ,bibles w be pr9t$ z long z !re is a dem& = !m2 & !re w be a dem& = !m z long z prie/s d a lucrative bus9ess ) !m4 ,consid]+ _! abilities ! v5dors ( ! ,gospel are among ! be/ paid m5 9 ! _w to-day4 ,! weal? ( m5 & ! smiles ( wom5 are be/[$ ^u !m m lavi%ly ?an ^u any o!r class4 ,!re are ?\s&s 9 ! m9i/ry enjoy+ com=table & ev5 luxuri\s liv+s :o w\ld eke out a mis]able subsi/5ce 9 any o!r vocation4 #cc4 ,its advocates dem& its acceptance by fai? r ?an by reason4 ,9 ! ,gospels & 9 ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 ! pr9cipal books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,*ri/1 ! reput$ f\nd]1 & ,paul1 ! real f\nd] ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 bo? place religi\s fai?1 i4 e41 bl9d cr$ulity1 above reason4 ,?is ev9ces a lack ( div9e /r5g? & is a confession ( human weakness4 ,mod]n advocates ( ! ,bible 9 pres5t+ ! dogma ( div9e inspiration ask u to disc>d reason & accept x by fai?4 ,9 ! affect$ op9ion ( ^! m51 to exam9e ?is "q is dang]\s1 to criticise ! ,bible is impi\s1 & to d5y or ev5 d\bt its div9ity is a crime4 ,:at is ?is b a tacit ackn[l$gm5t t ! fai? !y wi% u to ex]cise is want+ 9 !mselves8 ,?is condemnation ( reason & comm5dation ( cr$ulity is an insult to human intellig5ce4 ,a dogma :i* reason is oblig$ to reject1 & :i* fai? alone c accept1 is self-evid5tly false2 & its ret5tion is n = ! purpose ( support+ a div9e tru?1 b = ! purpose ( support+ a human lie4 #cd4 ,! refusal ( its advocates to correct its ackn[l$g$ errors4 ,t ! cl]gy are controll$ by m]c5>y motives r ?an a love ( tru? is atte/$ by ! fact t !y cont9ue to tea* ! admitt$ errors ( ! ,bible4 ,our ,au?oriz$ v]sion1 x is conc$$ by ,*ri/ian s*ol>s1 conta9s hundr$s ( errors4 ,t ! ,revis]s correct$ _m ( ^! errors is admitt$4 ,yet ! cl]gy cl+ to ^! errors & refuse to accept a correct$ text4 ,! pr9cipal reasons assign$ = reta9+ ! ,old v]sion in/ead ( adopt+ ! ,new are ^!3 #a4 ,! ,engli% ( ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago possesses a c]ta9 *>m :i* di/+ui%es ! ,bible f m mod]n works & secures = x a great] rev]5ce4 #b4 ,its division into *apt]s & v]ses r5d]s x m conv5i5t4 #c4 ,! adoption ( ! ,new w\ld expose ! errors ( ! ,old1 sugge/ ! possible fallibility ( ! ,new1 & s[ ! se$s ( d\bt4 ,?us exp$i5cy prompts !m to tea* ! ackn[l$g$ errors ( man 9 pref]5ce to :at !y claim to be ! tru?s ( ,god4 ,?is proves ! human "* ( ! ,bible & ! ins9c]ity ( its pr(ess$ expon5ts4 #ce4 ,its au?ority ma9ta9$ by fraud & =ce4 ,= sixte5 hundr$ ye>s--f ! "t t ,con/ant9e1 to ga9 a political advantage ov] 8 rivals1 became a conv]t to ! ,*ri/ian fai?--corruption & co]cion h be5 ! pr$om9ant ag5ts 9 ma9ta9+ its supremacy4 ,fagot1 & sword1 & gun1 & gibbet1 & rack & ?umbscrew1 & e artifice t cunn+ & falsehood c\ld devise1 h be5 us$ to uphold ! dogma ( ?is book's div9ity4 ,to-day1 9 ne>ly e nation ( ,europe1 ! p[]s ( ! /ate are employ$ to compel allegiance to x4 ,& 9 ?is free ,republic1 ev]y:]e1 ) bribe & ?reat1 ! au?orities are invok$ to =ce its bloody & fil?y pages into ! h&s ( innoc5t s*ool girls to pollute ) sup]/ition1 lu/1 & cruelty _! "y & t5d] m9ds4 ,^! de$s ( viol5ce1 ^! pi\s frauds1 ^! appeals to ! civil p[]s1 all prove x to be ! "w ( man & n ! ^w ( ,god4 #cf4 ,! intellig5ce ( ! _w = ! mo/ "p rejects x4 ,if ! ,bible 7 div9e ! wise w\ld be ! be/ qualifi$ to realize & appreciate ! fact2 = :ile all may err ! judgm5t ( ! intellig5t is bett] ?an ! judgm5t ( ! ignorant4 ,9 ,*ri/5dom ! ignorant ne>ly all believe ! ,bible to be ! infallible ^w ( ,god1 e v]se ( :i* is to be accept$ lit]ally4 ,a m intellig5t class reject ! objectionable portions ( x1 or give to !m a m rational & humane int]pretation4 ,^? ( ! highe/ intellig5ce--! great lead]s ( ! _w 9 national affairs1 9 ! doma9 ( lit]ature1 9 sci5ce & philosophy1 & 9 ,biblical & religi\s criticism--! ,wa%+tons & ,l9colns1 ! ,frankl9s & ,jeff]sons1 ! ,fr$]icks & ,napoleons1 ! ,gambettas & ,g>ibaldis2 ! ,%akespe>es & ,byrons1 ! ,goe!s & ,s*ill]s1 ! ,c>lyles & ,em]sons1 ! ,eliots & de ,/als2 ! ,humboldts & ,d>w9s1 ! ,huxleys & ,haeckels1 ! ,drap]s & ,tyndalls1 ! ,comtes & ,sp5c]s2 ! ,humes & ,gibbons1 ! ,voltaires & ,r5ans1 ! ,bau]s & ,/rausses1 ! ,pa9es & ,+]solls--all ^! reject its div9ity4 ,a ,glad/one is an anomaly4 ,dr4 ,watson ( ,scotl& gives frank expression to a fact ( :i* 8 fell[ cl]gym5 are fully cognizant1 b :i* !y are lo? to admit4 ,he says3 ,! great1 & ! wise1 & ! mighty1 are n ) u4 ,^! m51 ! ma/] m9ds1 ! imp]ial lead]s among m5 are outside our mo/ ,*ri/ian *ur*4 ,! ignorant suppose t ! intellig5t accept ! ,bible2 because ! intellig5t1 dep5d5t 9 a l>ge degree ^u ! ignorant1 & kn[+ t ( all passions religi\s prejudice & hatr$ are ! wor/1 d n c>e to ar\se _! antagonism by an unnecess>y av[al ( _! disbelief4 ,?is is especially true ( m5 9 public life4 ,b ^! m5 ?9k2 & to _! intellectual fri5ds !y talk4 ,9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,bible1 ,bronson ,c4 ,keel] says3 ,! only m5 di/+ui%$ = _! le>n+ :o n[ believe x to be ! inspir$ ^w ( ,god1 are ! m5 :o are1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 mak+ _! liv+ out ( x4 ,d ^! le>n$ div9es !mselves believe x8 ,ne>ly e intellig5t cl]gyman ent]ta9s & confid5tially expresses op9ions reg>d+ ! ,bible :i* he d>e n proclaim f ! pulpit4 ,b ma/] & slave are alike gr[+ we>y--! ma/] ( 8 duplicity1 ! slave ( 8 burd54 ,emancipation = bo? is approa*+4 ,to-day ! cl]gy smile :5 !y meet2 "s day !y w laugh outright1 ?is /up5d\s f>ce w be end$1 & man w be free4