,transcriber's ,note3 ,this e-text is based on the #aiae edition4,punctuation errors have been tacitly removed4 ,the following typographical errors have been corrected3 p4 #c3 8under-one over-one-process0 8under-one-over-one-process0 footnote #g3 8,scattacook0 8,scatticook0 caption for ,figure #bj3 8,satticook0 8,scatticook0 ,text in small caps has been symbolised by forward slashes 7_/text_/72 italic passages have been placed between underscores 7text74 ,for transcription of the ,mohegan language1 special pronunciation characters are used in the original text 7cf4 ,footnote #c74 ,,canada ,,department ,,of ,,mines _/,hon4 ,louis ,coderre1 ,minister2 ,r4 ,g4 ,mc,connell1 ,deputy ,minister_/4 ,,geological ,,survey ,,memoir #ge ,no4 #aj1 _/,anthropological ,series_/ ,decorative ,art of ,indian ,tribes of ,connecticut ,,by ,frank ,g4 ,speck ,illustration3 ,,department ,,of ,,mines ,,canada ,,geological ,,survey ,,ottawa _/,government ,printing ,bureau_/ #aiae ,no4 #adii ,,illustrations4 ,,page ,figure #a4 ,mohegan basket gauge4 #aa 8 #b4 ,mohegan hand splint planer4 #aa 8 #c4 ,mohegan crooked knives with wood and antler handles4 #ac 8 #d4 ,bone punch4 #ae 8 #e4 ,typical basketry design of the ,mohegans4 #ae 8 #f4 ,mohegan and ,niantic painted designs4 #ag c1 f1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 a1 d1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 b1 e1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,i1 ,mohegan4 8 #g4 ,mohegan and ,niantic painted designs4 #ai a1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 b1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 c1 e1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,i1 ,mohegan4 d1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,i1 ,mohegan4 f1 from specimen c1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 ,mohegan4 8 #h4 ,mohegan and ,niantic painted designs4 #ba a1 c1 d1 e1 f1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 b1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 8 #i4 ,mohegan painted designs4 #bc a1 c1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 b1 ,mohegan4 8 #aj4 ,mohegan1 ,niantic1 and ,scatticook painted designs4 #be a1 b1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 c1 e1 f1 g1 h1 i1 k1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 d1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 ,mohegan4 j1 from specimen c1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 ,mohegan4 l1 from ,curtis1 ,scatticook4 8 #aa4 ,mohegan and ,niantic painted designs4 #bg a1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,i1 ,mohegan4 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 8 #ab4 ,mohegan1 ,scatticook1 and ,niantic painted designs4 #bi a1 c1 from specimen 7,mohegan74 b1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 d1 f1 from ,curtis 7,scatticook74 e1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 8 #ac4 ,linear border designs from ,mohegan painted baskets4 #bi 8 #ad4 ,body designs from ,mohegan painted baskets4 #ca a1 on the top of the basket2 b on the sides4 8 #ae4 ,the curlicue or roll1 in ,scatticook baskets4 #cc 8 #af4 ,the curlicue or roll1 in ,scatticook baskets4 #ce 8 #ag4 ,bottom of ,scatticook basket1 showing trimming of radial splints4 #cg 8 #ah4 7a7 ,scatticook gauge4 #ci 7b7 ,scatticook gauge4 #ci 8 #ai4 ,scatticook gauges4 #da 8 #bj4 ,scatticook splint planer4 #dc 8 #ba4 ,mohegan beadwork on birch bark4 #dc 8 #bb4 ,carved bone hand4 #dc 8 #bc4 ,decorated ,mohegan wooden object4 #de ,plate ,i4 ,mohegan baskets 7a and b painted74 #di 8 ,,ii4 ,mohegan baskets 7a1 b1 and c painted74 #ea 8 ,,iii4 ,mohegan baskets4 #ec a--,painted4 b--,shows bottom construction4 8 ,,iv4 ,niantic and ,mohegan baskets4 #ee a--,mohegan washing basket1 b--,niantic storage basket made about #ahdj by ,mrs4 ,mathews at ,black ,point 7near ,lyme1 ,conn47 8 ,v4 ,mohegan carrying baskets4 #eg 8 ,,vi4 ,mohegan baskets1 fancy work baskets1 and wall pocket4 #ei 8 ,,vii4 ,tunxis baskets4 ,made by ,pually ,mossuck1 a ,tunxis woman from ,farmington1 ,conn41 who died about #ahij at ,mohegan4 ,lower left hand basket slightly painted4 #fa 8 ,,viii4 ,scatticook baskets1 made by ,rachel ,mawee1 ,abigail ,mawee1 and ,viney ,carter1 who died at ,kent1 ,conn4 about #ahie4 #fc 8 ,,ix4 ,oneida stamped basket 7,heye collection74 #fe 8 ,x4 ,mohegan and ,niantic moccasins4 #fg a--,mohegan moccasins4 b--,niantic moccasins from the old reservation at ,black ,point1 near ,lyme1 ,conn4 8 ,,xi4 ,mohegan and ,niantic beaded bags 7#c from the ,heye collection74 #fi 8 ,,xii4 ,mohegan corn mortars and stone pestle4 #ga 8 ,,xiii4 ,mohegan ladles and spoons4 #gc ,decorative ,art of ,indian ,tribes of ,connecticut4 ,a fortunate phase of the research work among the ,indians of ,new ,england has recently led to the extension of our knowledge of the decorative art of the eastern ,algonkin tribes4 ,this has been made possible by the discovery of specimens1 and by information furnished by several aged ,indians of the ,mohegan and ,niantic tribes of eastern ,connecticut4#a ,during several visits in the winter of #aiab-ac1 ,mrs4 ,henry ,mathews 7,mercy ,nonsuch71 the only full-blooded survivor of the ,niantic ,indians1 formerly inhabiting the shore of ,long ,island sound around the mouth of ,niantic river1 and the ,mohegans1 ,cynthia ,fowler1 ,charles ,mathews1 and the late ,fidelia ,fielding1 the last person who could speak the ,mohegan language1 all contributed towards the material here presented4#b ,the principal field of decoration among the ,mohegan and ,niantic1 so far as we can now tell1 seems to have been chiefly in paintings on baskets4 ,decorative wood-carving upon household utensils and sometimes upon implements was also quite common4 ,bead-work1 on the other hand1 appears to have been a secondary activity4 ,a short account of the basket-making itself is required1 before the basket decorations are described4 ,for household and gardening purposes these people have developed a few types of baskets 7manuda#c 8receptacle07 varying in shape1 size1 and weave4 ,the most characteristic forms seem to have been rectangular baskets a foot or so in length1 two-thirds as high1 and of proportionate width1 and without handles1 though often provided with covers4 ,these are the household storage articles 7,plates ,i and ,,ii74 ,for carrying garden products1 and for hand use in general1 are somewhat smaller round-bottomed baskets1 with handles or bails1 ranging in width from #d inches up to baskets with a capacity of half a bushel 7,plates ,,iii and ,v74 ,then we have the type known1 among the ,indians from ,nova ,scotia to the ,southern ,states1 as 8melon01 8rib01 or 8gizzard0 baskets 7,plate ,,iii1 upper right hand corner71 provided with bails1 and also used for carrying4 ,and1 lastly1 there are the open work baskets1 some of which are small fancy articles1 while others are used as strainers 7,plates ,,iv and ,,vi74 ,these fall under the general type of open hexagonal twill baskets4 ,all these types1 of course1 are commonly found among practically all the tribes of the ,atlantic coast1 varying only in the minor details of weave at the rim and the bottom4 ,as to the materials1 the ,mohegan and ,niantic1 like the northern ,new ,england tribes1 used prepared splints of the brown ash4 ,next in importance is the white oak4 ,here the pounding is unnecessary1 the splints being more easily freed from the log4 ,swamp maple is also commonly used by the ,mohegan basket-makers1 although it is not as durable as either the oak or the ash4 ,all these materials go through the same processes of preparation before the splints are ready to be woven4 ,the first stage in the process consisted in pounding the ash log all over1 and then separating the layers of wood4 ,next1 the lengths of splints were shaved smooth with a spoke-shave1 which looks like a ,european tool4 ,hand gauges were then used to cut the splints into strips of uniform width4 ,these gauges 7,figure #a71 not unlike those of the ,penobscots1 were provided with teeth made1 in recent days1 of clock springs2 the width of the splint depending upon the distance at which the teeth were set in the end of the gauge4 ,another small implement1 a sort of hand planer through which the splint was drawn to make it finer1 was also obtained at the ,mohegan village 7,figure #b74 ,the knives of the crooked type1 bndwag 7,figure #c71 used by the ,mohegans for woodworking in general1 have a very pronounced curve1 and are usually mounted on wooden or sometimes buckhorn handles4 ,while not necessarily used directly in basket making1 these knives are indispensable to the ,indian workman4 ,a very old bone pointed tool1 probably a punch 7,figure #d71 seems to have been used in some way1 perhaps in weaving the basket rims4 ,the ordinary weave among these tribes is the common checker-work4 ,the basket bottoms are of two kinds1 rectangular and round4 ,in the rectangular bottoms the checker-work forms a foundation1 the same process continuing up the sides4 ,in the round-bottomed forms the splints are arranged like the spokes of a wheel crossing and radiating from a centre4 ,these splints turn upwards around the bottom1 and form the standards around which the side filling is woven1 in the under-one-over-one-process4 ,among the ,mohegans a certain feature of the round-bottomed types occurs which has not yet been found in other tribes making similar baskets2 that is1 the broad flattened centre standards of the bottom1 appearing in ,plate ,,iii1 figure b4 ,the ordinary ,new ,england oak or maple hoops1 one inside and the other outside1 bound down by a splint in the ordinary manner of wrapping1 constitute the rims of all the baskets4 ,the second type of round baskets is called 8gizzard0 basket by the ,mohegans 7,plate ,,iii1 upper right hand corner74 ,these are generally made of oak1 and their weave1 although shown plainly in the illustration1 is almost impossible to describe4 ,the decorations upon baskets are produced in two ways1 either by running variously coloured splints into the weaving as fillers round the sides1 or by painting with pigment upon broad splints various patterns extremely free in outline and quite independent of the technique4 ,it is with such painted designs that we have chiefly to deal1 because they perpetuate the native decorative art of these ,indians4 ,the colours appearing upon the baskets are red 7skwayo71 black 7sugayo71 and indigo 7ziwambayo71 the commonest being red and black4 ,the red is obtained by boiling down cranberries4 ,the black dye has now been forgotten1 although some think that it was either #8snakeberries' 7or #8poke-berries1' termed skuk71 or perhaps huckleberries4 ,in later times they have used either water colours or blueing4 ,the colours were applied by means of crude brushes1 made by fraying the end of a splinter of wood1 or by using a stamp cut from a potato1 which is dipped into the colouring matter and then stamped on the splints4 ,the designs themselves in the field of basketry decoration are pre-eminently floral1 the figures being highly conventionalized4 ,the main parts of the blossom are pictured4 ,the corolla of the flower forms the centre1 surrounded by four petals1 and commonly augmented by four corner sprays apparently representing the calyx from underneath brought into view4 ,there is a fundamental similarity in these pseudo-realistic representations occurring on all the different baskets1 which shows that this was the prevailing motive in this kind of decoration4 ,the corolla usually occupies the exposed surface of one splint1 and the four petals occupy the surrounding ones1 as is shown in the natural size illustration 7,figure #e74 ,the colours in this specimen are limited to blue and red4 ,cynthia ,fowler1 a ,mohegan informant1 named the flower the 8blue gentian02 but how generally this name was used in former times it is impossible to say4 ,these flowers are usually found enclosed within a larger diamond-shaped space1 on one side of the basket1 the enclosing border consisting of a straight line or chain-like line edged by dots4 ,these dotted borders and the flower elements are very characteristic of ,mohegan and ,niantic work4 ,the corners of the baskets from top to bottom also constitute another favourite field of ornamentation4 ,here vertical alternating chain-like curves of several types appear4 ,examples of the available designs of both sorts are shown in ,figures #f to #ad4 ,the solid black in the sketches represents either black or dark indigo of the actual design2 the lined spaces represent red4 ,turning to the design reproductions 7,figures #f1 #g1 #h1 #i71 we observe a most consistent similarity in all those of the rosette type1 to wit1 the conventional centre1 the radiating petals1 and the enclosing diamond or four-curve1 recurring with modifications in practically all of such designs4 ,some are very handsome1 a few rather colourless4 ,the dotting is very distinctive4 ,next are the line or border patterns1 which1 although adapted to linear spaces1 are characterized1 like the rosettes1 by intertwined lines1 dots1 and petals4 ,frequently different rosettes appear on each of the four sides of the same basket2 and the sides are also occasionally quartered diagonally by one of the border or line patterns1 and are thus divided into triangular areas1 each containing a rosette4 ,unfortunately none of the painted figures show in the photographs1 on account of their having become quite faint through age and wear4#d ,in this whole series of conventional painted patterns a general resemblance to northeastern ,algonkin designs1 as far north as the ,naskapi of ,labrador1 is very noticeable4 ,it is1 moreover1 quite likely that similar designs among the ,narragansetts were referred to by ,roger ,williams when he wrote1 8,they also commonly paint these 7skin garments1 etc47 with varieties of formes and colours40#e ,a further extension of the ubiquitous splint basketry of the ,new ,england tribes1 and the decorative work connected therewith1 is furnished by another ,connecticut tribe--the ,scatticook1 of the ,housatonic river1 near ,kent4 ,their art is especially interesting1 because it has also just become extinct among their descendants here4 ,as a tribe the ,scatticook 7,pisgatiguk1 #8,at the fork of the river'7 were composed of exiled ,pequots1 ,mohegans1 and the remnants of western ,connecticut tribes who formed a new unit in their new home4#f ,their type of culture was accordingly intermediate in some respects between the eastern ,connecticut tribes and those of the ,hudson river4 ,to judge from a vocabulary which ,i obtained at ,scatticook about ten years ago1 they had closer linguistic affinities with the ,hudson ,river 7,delaware7 group4 ,until ten years ago the native art of basketry was preserved by the ,scatticooks1 and some specimens were then collected during several visits4 ,it was found recently1 in another visit to the tribe1 that the industry had become extinct2 so our remarks are now based upon old specimens and implements in the possession of the ,indians4 ,the general character of ,scatticook work is the same as that of the ,mohegans4 ,instead of the maple1 however1 the ,scatticook used white oak or brown ash4 ,the method of preparing the splints was the same1 as was also the case with the types of weaving 7,plate ,,viii74 ,in the round-bottom forms we notice the same flat radiating splints cut narrow at the edge1 as figured before in dealing with ,mohegan work4 ,the ,scatticook baskets are1 as a whole1 quite finely constructed of very thin splints4 ,one somewhat distinctive feature is found here1 namely1 the very frequent use of the curlicue or roll as an ornamental feature4 ,the curlicue consists of a splint run over one of the warp splints and twisted between two alternate standards1 thus making a sort of twisted imbrication4 ,the ,scatticook1 considering the embellishment as representing a shell1 call it 8a shell02 and they term the baskets with this feature 8shell-baskets0 7,figures #ae1 #af1 #ag74 ,three modifications of this ornamentation are shown in ,figures #ae1 #af1 a and b2 in ,figure #af1 a1 the splint is twisted alternately between two rows of warp at a different level2 in ,figure #ae1 the splint is curled twice in a different direction1 and forms a point2 in ,figure #af1 b1 the splint is twisted once between two parallel rows of warp4 ,this is claimed by the ,indians to be a native feature2 and1 since it is found in the oldest baskets from the region1 there seems little doubt that it is aboriginal4 ,the ,scatticook seem to have employed almost exclusively pokeberry juice to stain the basket splints dark blue4 ,in none of the specimens made in recent times do we find the painting upon the splints1 as is the case among the ,mohegans4 ,the only record of this kind of work from the ,scatticook is found in an article by ,w4 ,s4 ,curtis1#g describing a collection of old baskets obtained many years ago4 ,the gauges made by these people are somewhat distinctive 7,figures #ah a and b1 and #ai74 ,one of their characteristics is that the decorations are largely functional1 the object in the maker's mind evidently having been to provide a firm grip for the operator and at the same time to produce a decorative effect4 ,this interesting feature is noticeable in the few specimens that were discovered on the reservation1 and in several others in the possession of collectors4 ,they are all highly prized by their possessors4 ,in one case there seems to have been an attempt to portray a fish on the handle4 ,another instrument1 a knife used in shaving the splints1 is shown in ,figure #bj4 ,while we may assume that some influence upon the art of the ,connecticut ,indians resulted from contact with the ,iroquois1 there is nothing to show that the former had such symbolic associations in their designs as did the ,iroquois4#h ,the general similarity of the ,connecticut ,indian decorations to those of both the ,iroquois and the northeastern ,algonkins is really too ambiguous to permit a final decision as to their affinities4 ,aware of these uncertainties1 ,i feel1 however1 that the evidence sustains the conclusion that the stamped and painted designs are original to the southern ,new ,england ,indians1 and that they spread from them to the ,iroquois4 ,the occurrence of identical types of splint basketry and similar potato stamp decorations among the ,oneida 7,plate ,,ix7 and ,onondaga1#i might lead to the impression1 were we to overlook resemblances with northern ,algonkin designs1 of an ,iroquoian origin for the whole technique4 ,in a recent visit1 however1 to the ,cherokee of ,north ,carolina1 for the purpose of tracing relationships between northern and southern art motives1 nothing was discovered comparable to these northern types either in design or technique1 although the eastern ,cherokee are quite conservative4 ,this naturally leaves the art of the southern ,new ,england tribes to be tentatively classified as a somewhat distinctive branch of the northern and eastern ,algonkin field1 with some outside affinities4 ,from information and sketches furnished by ,dr4 ,j4 ,alden ,mason1 based on studies and photographs which he made of ,new ,england baskets in the ,c4 ,p4 ,wilcomb collection1 ,oakland1 ,cal41 it seems that similar stamped splint baskets were found among the ,indians as far as the ,merrimac ,river valley in southeastern ,new ,hampshire4 ,specimens in the collection referred to are supposed to have come from ,union1 ,me41 ,lenox1 ,mass41 ,ipswich1 ,mass41 and ,herkimer1 ,n4,h4 ,while not numerous enough to permit of discussion1 the specimens from this eastern extension of the stamped or painted basket area show a type of design different from that of our southern ,new ,england tribes4 ,the patterns are less elaborate4 ,although it is difficult to account for it1 they seem to bear closer resemblances to the designs on ,oneida baskets4 ,north of the southern ,new ,england culture sub-area1 which appears to have terminated at the ,merrimac river1 splint basketry and painted designs were replaced by the birch bark basketry and etched designs characteristic of the art of the ,wabanaki group4 ,a few examples of ,mohegan and ,niantic beadwork have survived the decay of ,indian culture in ,new ,england4 ,these miscellaneous articles are shown in ,plates ,x and ,,xi4 ,they include moccasins1 bags1 and portions of costume4 ,whether they have all been actually made by ,mohegans is not certain1 except where indicated4 ,one peculiarity of ,mohegan art is beadwork upon birch bark4 ,a couple of very old specimens 7,figure #ba7 of this work have come to light4 ,the foundation is the thin bark of the white birch4 ,the beadwork figures are practically all floral1 though a few geometrical designs occur2 and realism appears as in the butterfly representation4 ,the floral designs seem to be somewhat related to those found in the basket paintings1 although they are not so aboriginal in appearance4 ,the beadwork designs are generally termed 8forget-me-nots10 8daisies10 8yellow daisies10 with buds1 leaves1 and stems4 ,it should be noted in this connexion that from the earliest time the ,mohegans have had some contact with ,iroquois1 especially the ,mohawks1 who from time to time visited the ,connecticut ,indians in small parties4 ,during the early nineteenth century a number of the latter joined the ,iroquois1 with whom an intermittent relationship has since been maintained4 ,it may be said in general1 however1 that the same type of floral beadwork extends throughout the whole northeastern and ,great ,lakes area1 in which the ,mohegan work may be included4 ,almost identical bags1 for example1 both in form and design1 come from the ,mohegan1 ,penobscot1 ,malecite1 ,montagnais1 and ,ojibwa4 ,in the carving of wooden utensils1 such as bowls1 spoons1 mortars1 and miscellaneous articles1 the ,mohegans have shown considerable skill1 as appears from what few articles have survived among them4 ,some of their bowls made from maple burls are exquisite4 ,several of these have been described and illustrated by ,mr4 ,willoughby in a recent paper1 the originals being in the ,slater ,memorial ,museum1 of ,norwich4 ,wolf or dog faces facing inward from projections upon the rim are very well executed4 ,oftentimes such bowls were decorated by inserting wampum beads into the wood1 giving the outline and eateries of the face4 ,these bowls were used until a few generations ago for mixing native bread known as johnny-cake4 ,hardly inferior in workmanship to the bowls are the very distinctive ,mohegan mortars 7dkwag1 8pounder07 made of a pepperidge log1 and provided with long stone pestles 7gwunsnag1 8long stone074 ,three of these specimens1 now in the ,heye collection1 are shown in ,plate ,,xii4 ,practically all of the large mortars for grinding corn in the household1 among the ,mohegans1 were of this type4 ,their sides were tapered toward the pedestal1 and there were from two to three handles on the sides near the bottom4 ,hollowed scallop work ornamented the edge of the pedestal4 ,the mortars average about #ag inches in height2 and their cavity1 narrowing towards the bottom1 is very deep4 ,the stone pestle is #ah inches long4 ,until lately a few of these heirlooms were cherished in several ,mohegan families4 ,the use of wooden spoons and ladles 7giyamn7 has not been entirely abandoned by these ,indians4 ,the designs of most of the forms are considered as aboriginal4 ,they have rather broad oval--or sometimes even circular--bowls1 sometimes flat-bottomed bowls2 and the handles are of varying lengths1 with rounded projections in the under side to prevent the ladle from sliding down into the pot4 ,this favourite semi-decorative and functional feature also occurs in the handles of gauges 7,figure #a74 ,the spoons are usually made of birch or maple4 ,one or two ornamentally carved specimens were found4 ,one with a dog's head at the end of the handle1 and the bowl set at an angle to the handle1 is in the ,slater ,museum4 ,another1 recently obtained from the ,indians 7,plate ,,xiii71 has two human faces1 back to back1 at the end of the handle4 ,the spoons range from #f to #ab inches in length4 ,various types are shown in ,plate ,,xiii4 ,several articles of bone1 ornamentally carved1 have come to light4 ,chief among these are whalebone canes1 with skilfully made carvings4 ,the handle of one of these canes represents a very natural looking human hand 7,figure #bb74 ,this same figure has been met with in the carvings of the ,penobscot and ,iroquois4 ,a few miscellaneous articles made by old ,mohegan workmen have been discovered during the investigation1 one of which is covered with decorative designs 7,figure #bc74 ,no discussion is warranted1 since any possible interpretation has now been forgotten1 even as to the function of the object4 ,strange as it may seem to find definitive material amid such deculturated surroundings1 there can be little doubt that these tribes have preserved designs of considerable antiquity4 ,perhaps they belong to an early type of eastern ,algonkin art1 consisting of curves1 circles1 ovals1 wavy lines and dottings forming floral complexes1 having a general distribution in the north and east1 from which the more elaborate realistic floral figures of beadwork have developed4 ,figure #a4 ,mohegan basket gauge4 ,figure #b4 ,mohegan hand splint planer4 ,figure #c4 ,mohegan crooked knives1 with wood and antler handles4 ,figure #d4 ,bone punch4 ,figure #e4 ,typical basketry design of the ,mohegans4 ,figure #f4 ,mohegan and ,niantic painted designs4 c1 f1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 a1 d1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 b1 e1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,i1 ,mohegan4 ,figure #g4 ,mohegan and ,niantic painted designs4 a1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 b1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 c1 e1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,i1 ,mohegan4 d1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,i1 ,mohegan4 f1 from specimen c1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 ,mohegan4 ,figure #h4 ,mohegan and ,niantic painted designs4 a1 c1 d1 e1 f1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 b1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 ,figure #i4 ,mohegan painted designs4 a1 c1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 b1 ,mohegan4 ,figure #aj4 ,mohegan1 ,niantic1 and ,scatticook painted designs4 a1 b1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 c1 e1 f1 g1 h1 i1 k1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 d1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 ,mohegan4 j1 from specimen c1 ,pl4 ,,ii1 ,mohegan4 l1 from ,curtis1 ,scatticook4 ,figure #aa4 ,mohegan and ,niantic painted designs4 a1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,i1 ,mohegan4 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 ,figure #ab4 ,mohegan1 ,scatticook1 and ,niantic painted designs4 a1 c1 from specimen 7,mohegan74 b1 from specimen a1 ,pl4 ,,iii1 ,mohegan4 d1 f1 from ,curtis 7,scatticook74 e1 from specimen b1 ,pl4 ,,iv1 ,niantic4 ,figure #ac4 ,linear border designs from ,mohegan painted baskets4 ,figure #ad4 ,body designs from ,mohegan painted baskets2 a1 on the top of the basket2 b on the sides4 ,figure #ae4 ,the curlicue or roll1 in ,scatticook baskets4 ,figure #af4 ,the curlicue or roll1 in ,scatticook baskets4 ,figure #ag4 ,bottom of ,scatticook basket1 showing trimming of radial splints4 ,figure #ah 7a74 ,scatticook gauge4 ,figure #ah 7b74 ,scatticook gauge4 ,figure #ai4 ,scatticook gauges4 ,figure #bj4 ,scatticook splint planer4 ,figure #ba4 ,mohegan beadwork on birch bark4 ,figure #bb4 ,carved bone hand4 ,figure #bc4 ,decorated ,mohegan wooden object4 _/,explanation of ,plate ,i4_/ ,mohegan baskets 7a and b painted47 _/,plate ,i4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,,ii4_/ ,mohegan baskets 7a1 b1 and c painted47 _/,plate ,,ii4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,,iii4_/ ,mohegan baskets4 a--,painted4 b--,shows bottom construction4 _/,plate ,,iii4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,,iv4_/ ,niantic and ,mohegan baskets4 a--,mohegan washing basket4 b--,niantic storage basket made about #ahdj by ,mrs4 ,mathews at ,black ,point 7near ,lyme1 ,conn47 _/,plate ,,iv4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,v4_/ ,mohegan carrying baskets4 _/,plate ,v4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,,vi4_/ ,mohegan baskets1 fancy work baskets1 and wall pocket4 _/,plate ,,vi4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,,vii4_/ ,tunxis baskets4 ,made by ,pually ,mossuck1 a ,tunxis woman from ,farmington1 ,conn41 who died about #ahij at ,mohegan4 ,lower left hand basket slightly painted4 _/,plate ,,vii4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,,viii4_/ ,scatticook baskets1 made by ,rachel ,mawee1 ,abigail ,mawee1 and ,viney ,carter1 who died at ,kent1 ,conn41 about #ahie4 _/,plate ,,viii4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,,ix4_/ ,oneida stamped basket 7,heye collection47 _/,plate ,,ix4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,x4_/ ,mohegan and ,niantic moccasins4 a--,mohegan moccasins4 b--,niantic moccasins from the old reservation at ,black ,point1 near ,lyme1 ,conn4 _/,plate ,x4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,,xi4_/ ,mohegan and ,niantic beaded bags 7#c from the ,heye collection47 _/,plate ,,xi4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,,xii4_/ ,mohegan corn mortars and stone pestle4 _/,plate ,,xii4_/ _/,explanation of ,plate ,,xiii4_/ ,mohegan ladles and spoons4 _/,plate ,,xiii4_/ ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,a few baskets made by an old woman1 named ,pually ,mossuck1 of the ,tunxis tribe 7in the vicinity of ,farmington1 ,conn47 were incidentally obtained4 ,a number of years ago this woman died at ,mohegan1 the last of her people4 ,this entire collection is now in the possession of ,mr4 ,george ,g4 ,heye4 ,footnote #b3 ,in previous papers the writer has already published other ethnologic notes on the ,mohegan and ,niantic tribes4 ,see ,anthropological ,papers of the ,american ,museum of ,natural ,history 7,n4,y47 vol4 ,,iii1 pp4 #ahc-baj 7#aiji71 where are also listed papers in collaboration with ,prof4 ,j4 ,d4 ,prince on the ,mohegan language4 ,footnote #c3 indicates that preceding vowel or consonant is long2 indicates breathing following vowel2 indicates main stress2 1 like u of ,english but2 1 like ng of ,english sing2 other characters used in transcription of ,indian words need no comment4 ,footnote #d3 ,i am indebted to ,mr4 ,albert ,insley for his careful work in deciphering and reproducing the designs on these baskets4 ,footnote #e3 ,cf4 ,roger ,williams1 ,a ,key into the ,language of ,america1 ,london1 #afdc 7reprinted by the ,narragansett ,club71 p4 #ade and p4 #bjf4 ,footnote #f3 ,cf4 article in ,proceedings of ,american ,philosophical ,society1 vol4 ,,xlii1 ,no4 #agd 7#aijc71 by ,j4 ,d4 ,prince and ,f4 ,g4 ,speck2 also ,de ,forest1 ,history of the ,indians of ,connecticut4 ,footnote #g3 #8,basketry of the ,scatticooks and ,potatucks1' ,southern ,workman1 vol4 ,,xxxiii1 ,no4 #g1 #aijd1 pp4 #chc-cij4 ,footnote #h3 ,cf4 ,a4 ,c4 ,parker1 ,american ,anthropologist1 ,n4,s41 vol4 #ad1 ,no4 #d1 #aiab1 pp4 #fjh-fbj4 ,footnote #i3 ,specimens in the collection of the ,american ,museum of ,natural ,history1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,i also learned of the same decorations among the ,iroquois at ,oshweken1 ,ontario1 and the ,mohawks of ,deseronto4