,! ,libr>y ,assi/ant's ,manual ,by ,,!odore ,w4 ,,ko* ,libr>ian1 ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan ,provisional ,edition ,,lans+1 ,,mi*igan ,,/ate ,,bo>d ,,( ,,libr>y ,,commission]s #aiac ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,issu$ on ! occasion ( ! #fa/ annual meet+ ( ! ,mi*igan ,/ate ,tea*]s' ,association1 ,ann ,arbor1 ,octob] #cj-,novemb] #a1 #aiac4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,i4 ,! libr>y movem5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates #g-ae ,,ii4 ,organization ( a libr>y #af-ai ,,iii4 ,book selection & buy+ #bj-bd ,,iv4 ,classification #be-cb ,v4 ,catalog+ #cc-ch ,,vi4 ,ref]5ce "w & circulation #ci-ej ,,vii4 ,! b9d+ & c>e ( libr>y books #ea-ec ,,viii4 ,"w ) *ildr5 #ed-eh ,,ix4 ,! high s*ool libr>y #ei-ff ,x4 ,sugge/$ read+s 9 ! ,encyclopa$ia ,britannica #fg-gh ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,movem5t ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,! =]unn] ( ! ,am]ican public libr>y ( today is f\nd 9 ! subscription or /ock company libr>ies ( ,philadelphia1 ,bo/on & o!r cities4 ,! olde/ ( ^! is ! ,philadelphia ,libr>y ,company1 f\nd$ 9 #agca by ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 :o lat] ref]r$ to x z 8! "m ( all subscription libr>ies 9 ,am]ica40 ,! ,rev4 ,jacob ,du*1 a director ( ! ,libr>y ,company1 wrote 9 #aggd3 8,lit]>y accompli%m5ts "h meet ) des]v$ applause4 ,b su* is ! ta/e = books t almo/ e man is a read]40 ,! ,libr>y ,company's au?ority on book selection 0 ,james ,logan 7! fri5d ( ,william ,p5n7 :o 0 e/eem$ 8to be a g5tleman ( univ]sal le>n+ & ! be/ judge ( books 9 ^! p>ts40 ,9 #aghc ! ,libr>y ,committee in/ruct$ its ,london ag5t t 8?\gh n av]se to m+l+ ! dulce ) ! utile1 !y did n c>e to h him buy any m novels40 ,9 #ahfi ! ,libr>y ,company 0 made ! b5efici>y "u ! w ( ,dr4 ,james ,ru%1 :o left #a1ejj1jjj to e/abli% ! ,ridgeway ,bran*4 ,on acc\nt ( ! conditions atta*$ to ! beque/1 ! gift 0 accept$ by a b>e majority ( ! /ockhold]s4 ,among o!r re/rictions1 ! w conta9$ ! foll[+ clause3 8,let ! libr>y n keep cu%ion$ seats = "t-wa/+ & l\ng+ read]s1 nor places = e-day novels1 m9d-ta9t+ reviews1 controv]sial politics1 scribbl+s ( poetry & prose1 biographies ( unkn[n names1 nor = ^? tea*]s ( disjo9t$ ?9k+1 ! daily newspap]s40 ,! provisions ( ! w 7 /rictly c>ri$ out & today ! ,ridgeway ,libr>y /&s z a /oreh\se ( ! lit]ature ( ! pa/1 a monum5t to ! donor & an evid5ce ( ! *ange t has come ov] ! _w 9 its conception ( ! function ( ! libr>y4 ,bo/on ,a!num4--,l ! ,philadelphia ,libr>y ,company1 ! ,bo/on ,a!num 0 ! outgr[? ( a gr\p ( m5 :o _h 9 common an int]e/ 9 books4 ,9 ,may #ahjf1 ! ,an?ology ,society1 :i* _h be5 edit+ ! 8,mon?ly ,an?ology & ,bo/on review10 e/abli%$ a read+ room1 ! object ( :i* 0 to af=d subscrib]s a meet+ place furni%$ ) ! pr9cipal ,am]ican & ,european p]iodicals4 ,! annual subscription 0 plac$ at t5 doll>s1 :i* 0 n m ?an ! co/ ( a s+le daily pap]4 ,! organization prosp]$ & by #ahbg ! treasur]'s books %[$ prop]ty valu$ at m ?an #ajj1jjj4 ,two ye>s lat] ! libr>y adm9i/ration fac$ a new problem3 a woman appli$ = admission to ! libr>y4 ,hav+ no prec$5t to guide him1 ! libr>ian all[$ ! applicant free access to ! %elves4 ,%e 0 ,hannah ,adams1 :o wrote 8,a view ( religi\s op9ions10 a 8,hi/ory ( ,new ,engl&10 & 8,! hi/ory ( ! ,jews40 ,! next woman to ask = admission to ! treasures ( ! ,a!num 0 ,mrs4 ,lydia ,m>ia ,*ild1 7#ahjb-ahhj71 au?or ( 8,! rebels10 8,! fre$man's books10 8,hobomok10 etc41 b h] ticket ( admission 0 %ortly revok$ 8le/ ! privilege cause future emb>rassm5t40 ,z late z #ahee ,*>les ,folsom ent]$ a prote/ aga9/ wom5 hav+ access to 8! corrupt] portions ( polite lit]ature40 ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y4--,9 #ahbe a plan 0 propos$ :]eby all ! libr>ies 9 ,bo/on %\ld be unit$ "u "o ro(4 ,lat]1 a ,fr5*man by "n ( ,vattem>e1 caus$ to be introduc$ into ,congress a measure :i* 0 to build up great libr>ies ?r\gh int]national ex*anges4 ,a public meet+ 0 held 9 ,bo/on b a committee ( ! ,bo/on ,a!num oppos$ ! s*eme & x 0 dropp$4 ,h[ev]1 9 return = "s books =w>d$ ?r\gh ,vattem>e to ! ,municipal ,c\ncil ( ,p>is1 ! ,mayor ( ,bo/on receiv$ 9 #ahdc ab\t fifty volumes1 :i* 9 reality =m$ ! nucleus ( ! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y4 ,9 #ahdg ! ,bo/on ,city ,c\ncil appo9t$ a jo9t committee on a libr>y4 ,! next ye> a special act 0 pass$ by ! ,massa*usetts ,/ate ,legislature au?oriz+ ! city ( ,bo/on to f\nd & ma9ta9 a libr>y4 ,ef=ts 7 made to effect a union ( int]e/s ) ! ,bo/on ,a!num1 b !y fail$4 ,9 #ahdi ! fir/ books 7 pres5t$ by ! ,hon4 ,rob]t ,c4 ,w9?rop1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ,j4 ,p4 ,bigel[1 !n ,mayor ( ! city1 turn$ ov] to a libr>y fund ! sum ( #a1jjj :i* _h be5 pres5t$ to him z a p]sonal te/imony4 ,edw>d ,ev]ett pres5t$ #a1jjj ,unit$ ,/ates docum5ts1 & ,edw>d ,cap5 0 appo9t$ libr>ian by ! ,mayor4 ,george ,ticknor1 a memb] ( ! ,bo>d1 help$ to draw up a prelim9>y report outl9+ ! ideals = ! new civic in/itution4 ,! libr>y 0 n to be a 8m]e resort ( pr(ess$ s*ol>s40 ,! key note ( ! :ole public libr>y movem5t 9 ,am]ica 0 /ruck by ,ticknor :5 9 #ahea he wrote ( 8 hopes = ! new libr>y propos$ = ,bo/on3 8,i w\ld e/abli% a libr>y :i* diff]s f all free libr>ies yet attempt$2 ,i mean "o 9 :i* any popul> books1 t5d+ to moral & intellectual improvem5t1 %all be furni%$ 9 su* numb]s ( copies t _m p]sons c be read+ ! same book at ! same "t2 9 %ort1 t n only ! be/ books ( all sorts1 b ! pleasant lit]ature ( ! day1 %all be made accessible to ! :ole p :5 !y mo/ c>e = x1 t is1 :5 x is fre% & new40 ,a timely fri5d 0 f\nd 9 ,jo%ua ,bates1 :o gave m ?an #ej1jjj = ! pur*ase ( books1 say+ t he ?\ght x 0 desirable to r5d] ! public libr>y at once z useful z possible by provid+ x ) a l>ge collection ( books 9 _m dep>tm5ts ( k4 ,?us ! aim ( ! f\nd]s 0 quickly realiz$1 x hav+ be5 _! pr(ess$ int5tion to make ! libr>y :at no o!r libr>y 9 ! _w _h ei!r attempt$ or desir$ to become1 8a p[]ful & direct means = ! intellectual & moral advancem5t ( a :ole p )\t di/9ction ( class or condition40 ,! ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y 0 ! pione] ( ! l>ge public libr>ies 9 ,am]ica & z su* has long enjoy$ a prom95ce :i* 9 a way has result$ 9 its diff]5tiation f o!r l>ge municipal in/itutions4 ,a/or ,libr>y4--,john ,jacob ,a/or1 :o came to ?is c\ntry 9 #aghc1 z a "y man ( #bj1 indep5d5t ( capital1 family connections or influ5ce1 became ! ri*e/ man ( 8 day 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & wi%$ to %[ 8 feel+s ( gratitude t[>ds ! city ( ,new ,york1 9 :i* he _h liv$ s long & prosp]$4 ,:5 he consult$ ) 8 fri5ds1 ,fitz ,gre5 ,halleck & ,wa%+ton ,irv+ among o!rs1 z to ! object to :i* 8 lib]ality %\ld be appli$1 ! plan ( build+ a public libr>y 0 ! mo/ approv$ & a decision 0 promptly made 9 favor ( x4 ,f\r hundr$ ?\s& doll>s 0 left = ?is purpose4 ,! site *os5 = ! new ,a/or ,libr>y 0 9 ,lafayette ,place1 9 :i* /reet liv$ ,mr4 ,william ,b4 ,a/or1 a son ( ! donor4 ,wa%+ton ,irv+ 0 ! fir/ presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees1 & ,joseph ,g4 ,cogswell 0 ! fir/ libr>ian4 ,accord+ to ,john ,hill ,burton 9 ! 8,book hunt]10 ,mr4 ,cogswell 8sp5t "s ye>s 9 ,europe ) ,mr4 ,a/or's pr9cely end[m5t 9 8 pocket1 & %[$ himself a judici\s1 active & =midable sportsman 9 ! book-hunt+ _w4 ,:5ev] f private collections or ! break+ up ( public in/itutions1 r>ities got abroad 9 ! op5 m>ket1 ! collectors ( ! old _w f\nd t !y _h a resolute competitor to deal )1 almo/1 x might be said1 a desp]ate "o1 s9ce he 01 9 a mann]1 ! repres5tative ( a nation us+ p[]ful ef=ts to get a %>e ( ! libr>y treasures ( ! old _w4 ,i "k t 9 ! in/ance ( ! ,a/or ,libr>y ! selections ( ! books h be5 made ) great judgm5t & t aft] ! b\nd>ies ( ! common cr[d$ m>kets 7 pass$ & individual r>ities _h to be /alk$ 9 di/ant hunt+ gr\nds1 innate lit]>y value 0 /ill held z an object m important ?an m]e ab/ract r>ity1 &1 z ! m wor?y quality ( ! two1 t on :i* ! buy+ p[] available to ! emiss>y 0 br\ght to be>40 ,cogswell 0 ess5tially a bibliophile4 ,he lov$ books 8) an eag] & grasp+ love10 said ,donald ,g4 ,mit*ell4 ,to 8 fruitful labor 0 due ! spl5did gr[? ( ! ,a/or collections4 ,cogswell pres5t$ to ! ,libr>y 8 own collection ( bibliographical lit]ature1 & gave ! in/itution a reputation = weal? 9 ?is field4 8,s well has ! impress ?us imp>t$ be5 ma9ta9$10 said ,dr4 ,ri*>d ,g>nett1 8t ! ,a/or ,libr>y is said to conta9 h>dly any light & frivol\s books40 ,bo? ! son & gr&son ( ! f\nd]1 z well z o!r memb]s ( ! ,a/or family1 add$ g5]\sly to ! weal? ( ! in/itution s t today ! total end[m5t is e/imat$ at ov] two million doll>s4 ,) its increase 9 res\rces came an increase 9 its use4 8,i range daily 9 ! alcoves ( ! ,a/or1 m *>m+ ?an ! g>d5s ( ,boccaccio1 & ea* h\r a ,decam]on10 wrote ,*>les ,sumn] to ,!odore ,p>k]4 ,among ! con/ant us]s 0 ,horace ,greeley1 :o _h a special table res]v$ = himself4 ,l5ox ,libr>y4--,james ,l5ox1 a %y recluse1 a ba*elor1 born to a weal?y inh]itance1 f\nd 8 *ief joy 9 ! collect+ ( books1 manuscripts1 & objets d'art4 ,he fir/ collect$ e>ly editions ( ! ,bible 9 all languages2 !n ,am]icana1 includ+ ! orig9al editions ( ! works ( ! great travel]s & discov]]s4 ,john ,bunyan & ,milton receiv$ mu* att5tion f ,mr4 ,l5ox1 & he succe$$ 9 g>n]+ a va/ array ( editions ( ^? two au?ors4 8,?is mode ( collect+ has c]ta9ly its advantages10 said ,h5ry ,/ev5s1 8b x c h>dly be d5i$ t x is att5d$ ) s]i\s disadvantages4 ,! result ( all ,mr4 ,l5ox's enorm\s /udy & labor1 to say no?+ ( 8 va/ exp5ditures1 x mu/ be confess$1 is a pat*y libr>y z he left x4 ,8 favorite subjects & au?ors he r5d]$ a/oni%+ly ri*1 b ! subjects & au?ors he neglect$ at ! same "t are also a/oni%+ly num]\s40 ,9 #ahgj ,mr4 ,l5ox pres5t$ ! collection to ! city ( ,new ,york1 toge!r ) a block on ,fif? ,av5ue & a suffici5t fund to erect a libr>y build+4 ,tild5 ,beque/4--,samuel ,j4 ,tild5 0 n1 accord+ to 8 biograph]1 ,john ,bigel[1 a book collector 9 ! ord9>y s5se ( ! t]m4 8,mr4 ,tild5 _h a v fa/idi\s ta/e = books1 :i* he indulg$ )\t mu* reg>d to exp5se4 ,he b\ght books = 8 imm$iate use & enjoym5t1 & app>5tly ) no ?\ght ( collect+ a libr>y t %\ld be complete 9 any dep>tm5t40 ,= ! purpose ( e/abli%+ & ma9ta9+ a free libr>y & read+ room 9 ! city ( ,new ,york he e/abli%$ ! 8,tild5 ,tru/10 to :i* he bequea!d ! sum ( ne>ly f\r million doll>s4 ,by long litigation x 0 r$uc$ ab\t "o-half4 ,! tru/ees 7 anxi\s to apply ?is fund 9 a way t %\ld prove mo/ advantage\s to ! p ( ,new ,york ,city & at ! same "t /rictly con=m to ! wi%es ( ! te/ator4 ,! end[m5t 0 accord+ly (f]$ to ! ,municipal ,build+ ,committee ( ! city 9 #ahic1 to be devot$ to ! con/ruction ( a public libr>y 9 a new ,city ,hall1 at t "t plann$ = ,bryant ,p>k4 ,?is plan _h to be giv5 up ! next ye> :5 ! act au?oriz+ ! removal ( ! old ,city ,hall 0 repeal$1 b ! expectations ( ! te/ator 7 c>ri$ out lat] by m]g+ ! ,tild5 ,tru/ ) ! ,a/or & ,l5ox beque/s into "o gr& 8,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 ,a/or1 ,l5ox & ,tild5 ,f\ndations40 ,?is consolidation 0 effect$ on ,may #bc1 #ahie1 :5 ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees1 compos$ ( sev5 memb]s f ea* ( ! ?ree f\ndations1 proce$$ to plan ! organization ( a compreh5sive libr>y sy/em4 ,an appeal to ! municipal au?orities 0 made 9 #ahif /at+ t if ! city w\ld furni% a prop] site & provide ! money to locate !reon a build+ suitable = ! purposes ( ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 !n ! libr>y ?r\gh ! sale ( its pres5t sites1 c\ld obta9 su* an addition to its funds z w\ld ju/ify x 9 provid+ = ! circulation ( ! books f ?is ma9 build+4 ,! result 0 t ! libr>y 0 grant$ ! old res]voir gr\nd on ,fif? ,av5ue1 betwe5 #dj? & #dbnd ,/reets1 & ! tru/ees 7 enabl$ to beg9 plann+ = ! erection ( ! spl5did firepro( /ructure1 ev5tually op5$ to ! public 9 #aiaa4 ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y4--,! union ( ^! ?ree corporations to =m a s+le libr>y wor?y ( ! great ,am]ican metropolis 0 v ju/ly *>act]iz$ by ,lawr5ce ,hutton z 8"o ( ! mo/ important ev5ts 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! ,isl& ( ,manhattan40 ,new ,york _h long labor$ "u ! disadvantage ( hav+ no public libr>y f :i* books c\ld be freely borr[$ by h] citiz5s4 ,dr4 ,cogswell once rem>k$ t a free circulat+ libr>y 9 ,new ,york 0 impossible & t 9 five ye>s any collection ( books made = t purpose w\ld be scatt]$ =ev] beyond hope ( recov]y4 ,he "h %[$ ! di/ru/ ( ! book-collector & ! attitude ( ! old /yle libr>ian t[>ds ! books entru/$ to 8 c>e4 ,! ,a/or & ! ,l5ox ,libr>ies 7 = ref]5ce use only1 & 7 nev] op5 9 ! ev5+s or on holidays4 ,?r\gh ! great g5]osity ( ,&rew ,c>negie ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y is able to op]ate an ext5sive s]ies ( bran*es1 prim>ily int5d$ = ! purposes ( circulat+ books 9 ! surr\nd+ neighborhoods4 8,! ma9 purpose ( ! libr>y is educational10 said ! late ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,bill+s4 8,x is also to furni% ! means ( recreation & amusem5t to l>ge numb]s ( read]s4 ,a great libr>y l ?is mu/ be omniv]\s4 ,x mu/ h r>e & co/ly books1 indisp5sable to s*ol>s1 & also ! ephem]al pamphlets ( ! day :i* h no comm]cial value :5 !y appe> b ev5tually become hi/orical docum5ts4 ,! libr>y %\ld be an encyclop$ia always kept up to date40 ,! ,spread ( ,public ,libr>ies4--,f ! above sket*es "s idea c be ga9$ z to h[ rec5t is ! developm5t ( ! libr>y into ! tax-support$ in/itution we "k to-day4 ,! la/ g5]ation has witness$ ! spread ( ! public libr>y movem5t we/w>d at su* a rate t _m ( ! mo/ /rik+ illu/rations ( ! usefulness ( ! mod]n libr>y are to be ga!r$ f ! new] libr>ies ( ! we/]n /ates4 ,)9 ! la/ two decades ! public libr>y has ga9$ /rong allies 9 su* new organizations z /ate libr>y commissions1 int]-/ate libr>y associations1 & libr>y tra9+ s*ools4 ,! libr>y s*ools h inculcat$ into _! /ud5ts ! body ( ,am]ica's libr>y doctr9e :i* has gr[n up ) ! movem5t 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! association meet+s h be5 helpful 9 provid+ = ! discussion ( moot$ topics & giv+ libr>ian%ip a unity :i* x c\ld n o!rwise h ga9$4 ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association4--,organiz$ 9 #ahgf to promote ! welf>e ( libr>ies2 x _h ! ,libr>y ,j\rnal z its (ficial organ = _m ye>s1 b n[ publi%es its own ,bullet9 conta9+ ann\ncem5ts & proce$+s ( ! annual meet+4 ,! ,association aims to effect ne$$ legislation & re=ms :i* c\ld n be br\ght ab\t by individual ef=t2 to improve libr>y adm9i/ration & less5 ! labor & exp5se ( x2 to utilize ! comb9$ exp]i5ce ( ! pr(ession1 to promote esprit de corps among libr>y work]s & to advance ! common int]e/s ( tru/ees1 libr>ians & assi/ants4 ,v>i\s sections h be5 organiz$3 ! college & ref]5ce section1 catalog section1 tru/ees' section1 libr>y "w ) *ildr5 & /ate libr>y commissions4 ,x has a publi%+ bo>d ( five memb]s1 appo9t$ by ! executive bo>d1 ! aim ( :i* is to secure & prep>e publications1 catalogs1 indexes & o!r bibliographic & libr>y aids4 ,! publications are a great help to libr>ies & ref]5ces are made to a numb] ( !m ?r\gh\t ?is manual4 ,! headqu>t]s ( ! ,association are locat$ on ! upp] floor ( ! ,*icago ,public ,libr>y4 ,address3 #gh ,e4 ,wa%+ton ,/4 ,/ate ,libr>y ,commissions4--,commissions h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ?irty-?ree /ates ) ! view ( advanc+ ! libr>y int]e/s ( ! /ate4 ,!y aim n only to promote ! effici5cy ( ! libr>ies already exi/+ b also to help 9 ! e/abli%+ ( new ones4 ,!y collect /ati/ics ( libr>ies ?r\gh\t ! /ate & s are able to help ! backw>d ones by %[+ :at is be+ done 9 ! m active communities4 ,"s commissions conduct summ] libr>y s*ools :]e ! untra9$ assi/ants f ! small] libr>ies c get valuable in/ruction4 ,o!rs h in/itutes & di/rict meet+s at :i* topics ( int]e/ to ! small] libr>ies are discuss$4 ,organiz]s are s5t to su* libr>ies z are 9 ne$ ( reorganization1 recatalog+ or pr(essional help along "o l9e or ano!r4 ,9 "s /ates ! commission takes *>ge ( ! travel+ libr>ies1 :i* are s5t to clubs1 granges & ! small] libr>ies4 ,! s5d+ ( books to ! bl9d falls )9 ! prov9ce ( ! libr>y commissions 9 c]ta9 /ates4 ,"s are au?oriz$ to give direct f9ancial aid to ! small] /ruggl+ libr>ies4 ,ne>ly all ! commissions publi% bullet9s1 circul>s ( in=mation1 libr>y laws1 select$ li/s ( helpful books1 & occasional leaflets4 ,travel+ ,libr>ies4--,9 ord] to c>ry ! advantages ( ! public libr>y sy/em to ! resid5ts ( rural di/ricts & villages1 a sy/em ( travel+ libr>ies has be5 introduc$ into mo/ ( ! /ates4 ,new ,york 0 ! fir/ to adopt ?is sy/em1 :i* x did 9 #ahib at ! in/ance ( ,melvil ,dewey1 !n ,/ate ,libr>ian4 ,! plan 0 to s5d a numb] ( small libr>ies1 ea* conta9+ "o hundr$ c>efully select$ volumes1 :i* 7 l5t = six mon?s at a "t to 8/ations0 f :i* reque/s _h be5 receiv$4 ,9 #ahie ,mi*igan & ,i[a introduc$ ! sy/em z a "p ( ! "w ( _! /ate libr>ies & 9 ! foll[+ ye> a travel+ libr>y sy/em = "o c\nty 0 e/abli%$ ?r\gh private g5]osity4 ,! ,wiscons9 ,free ,libr>y ,commission soon took x up & develop$ x = ! :ole /ate4 ,9 "s /ates :]e ! travel+ libr>ies h n be5 fo/]$ by /ate aid1 ! "w has be5 c>ri$ on by ! wom5's clubs1 z = example 9 ,colorado4 ,9 ,mi*igan application = travel+ libr>ies c be made by /udy clubs1 ,epwor? leagues1 ,y4 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 & ,y4 ,w4 ,c4 ,a41 ,sunday s*ools1 f>m]s' clubs1 granges1 read+ circles1 etc4 ,! titles are select$ f pr9t$ f9d+ li/s1 & ! books g by freight at ! exp5se ( ! borr[]4 ,if books on a special topic are desir$1 ! reque/ %\ld be fil$ by ,may #a/ ) ! ,/ate ,libr>ian 9 ord] to receive !m 9 ! fall4 ,! ,/ate ,libr>y has also a loan collection ( pictures1 reproductions ( ! be/ examples ( anci5t & mod]n art4 ,! unfram$ pictures are loan$ to art clubs1 :ile ! fram$ ones are loan$ to s*ools to be kept on _! walls f ?ree to six mon?s4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,organization ,,( ,a ,,libr>y4 ,! organization ( ! av]age libr>y consi/s ( ! foll[+ compon5t p>ts3 #a4 ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees4--,! ma9 function ( ! bo>d ( tru/ees is to look aft] ! f9ancial int]e/s ( ! libr>y1 to see t ! build+s & equipm5t are prop]ly c>$ =1 & to decide broad que/ions ( policy4 ,tru/ees %\ld be 7b are n always7 elect$ f ! elite ( ! community4 ,x is expect$ t 9 !m w be f\nd a g5u9e culture1 an appreciation ( ?+s p]ta9+ to ! arts & sci5ces1 comb9$ ) ! advantages ( education1 travel & suffici5t leisure to look aft] public int]e/s4 8,cultivat$ m510 says ,edw>d ,edw>ds1 8famili> ) books f *ildhood1 h usually a v inadequate p]ception ( ! toil & ?\ght :i* h to be giv5 to ! good arrangem5t1 ! accurate catalog+1 & ! ready s]vice ( a libr>y4 ,:at1 !n1 is to be expect$ if a dom9ant %>e 9 ! managem5t ( a libr>y be plac$ 9 ! h&s ( m5 ) j en\gh ( elem5t>y education to br+ into broad daylight ! int5se/ ignorance1 9 union ) ! mo/ /olid self-conceit80 8,a little booki%ness 9 a committeeman10 said ,ju/9 ,w9sor1 8may be z dang]\s z a sip f ! poet's ,pi]ian spr+1 p>ticul>ly if !re is no deep] le>n+ 9 any ( 8 associates4 ,he kn[s j en\gh ( books n to "k t he kn[s no?+ ( libr>ies40 #b4 ,! ,libr>ian4--8,a libr>ian10 said ,h5ry ,brad%aw1 8is "o :o e>ns 8 liv+ by att5d+ to ! wants ( ^? = ^: use ! libr>y "u 8 *>ge exi/s1 8 prime duty be+1 9 ! wide/ possible s5se ( ! phrase1 to save ! "t ( ^? :o seek 8 s]vices40 ,! libr>ian has be5 v>i\sly comp>$ to ! commiss>iat 9 ! republic ( lett]s1 ^: bus9ess is n to fight himself b to put o!rs 9 fight+ trim1--or to ! ho/ at ! banquet ( k :o is assidu\s 9 secur+ ! com=t ( ! gue/s & 9 plac+ be=e ea* "o j ! k9d ( food he likes & requires4 ,he kn[s t :at is "o man's meat is ano!r man's poison4 ,en?usiasm = ! "w is a prime requisite 9 ! libr>ian4 ,ev5 a good /aff _c ov]come ! dead5+ influ5ce ( daily contact ) a *ief lack+ 9 en?usiasm4 ,to ! libr>ian %\ld be left ! details ( adm9i/ration4 ,! libr>ian is ! executive (fic] ( ! bo>d ( tru/ees & ! latt]1 if wise1 w look to ! libr>ian = gett+ ! results desir$ & w all[ t (fic] z free a h& z possible4 ,if ! libr>ian is n capable ( adm9i/]+ ! libr>y1 or wor?y ( ! fulle/ confid5ce1 ! soon] "o is secur$ :o measures up to ?is /&>d ! bett]4 #c4 ,! ,libr>y ,/aff4--,! duties ( ! /aff v>y ) ! size ( ! libr>y4 ,9 ! smalle/ libr>ies ! libr>ian may be ! only "o engag$ 9 ! actual "w ( ! libr>y1 b 9 su* cases ! libr>y h\rs mu/ be re/rict$ to su* z "o p]son c take c>e (4 ,! next /ep 9 gr[? is to h "s "o relieve ! libr>ian at ! desk & to d ! m cl]ical "w4 ,next come special assi/ants to look aft] special tasks l catalog+ & classify+1 desk "w & s on4 ,! /aff1 :e!r l>ge or small1 %\ld consid] itself responsible to ! libr>ian & %\ld n1 except 9 extraord9>y cases1 g directly to ! bo>d ( tru/ees ) petitions4 ,! libr>ian %\ld always be ! spokesman = ! /aff4 ,go+ ov] 8 head indicates a lack ( sympa?y & coop]ation betwe5 ! libr>ian & /aff t argues badly = ! welf>e ( ! in/itution4 ,qualifications = ,libr>y ,"w4--,! be/ prep>ation = libr>y "w is a ?or\gh1 sy/ematic g5]al education4 ,to ?is %\ld be add$ a special prep>ation secur$ ei!r ?r\gh appr5tice%ip1 a tra9+ class1 or a regul> libr>y s*ool4 ,diff]5t positions call = diff]5t qualities 9 assi/ants b libr>y s]vice 9 g5]al dem&s tact1 p]sev]ance1 adaptability1 habits ( precision & accuracy1 ) a fair am\nt ( spe$1 ability to di/+ui% betwe5 ess5tials & non-ess5tials1 & a /rong desire to be ( s]vice4 ,a c]ta9 famili>ity ) books & fam\s *>act]s 9 hi/ory & 9 fiction is expect$ ( e "o 9 a libr>y4 ,p]sonal neatness1 good temp]1 & a s5se ( humor are valuable assets 9 ?is z 9 o!r l9es ( "w4 ,no "o w succe$ 9 libr>y "w :o goes into x m]ely = ! money t c be got out ( x4 ,loyalty to ! in/itution & its (fic]s is ess5tial to effici5t s]vice4 ,if ! assi/ant _c feel ?is s5se ( loyalty1 ! soon] a new position is secur$1 ! bett] = all conc]n$4 ,dignity1 self-possession1 & self-reliance are valuable qualities 9 any "p ( ! libr>y1 b are especially ne$$ by assi/ants at ! ref]5ce desk4 ,qualities t unfit "o = libr>y "w 9 g5]al are physical weakness1 de=mity1 poor memory1 a discont5t$ disposition1 egotism1 a lack ( sy/em 9 "o's me?od ( "w1 & inability or unwill+ness to take responsibilities1 a t5d5cy to !orize1 criticise1 or gossip1 inability to m9d "o's own bus9ess1 fuss9ess1 & long-w9d$ness4 ,"o libr>ian advocates li/+ ! virtues & p]sonal qualities ( ! /aff & appr5tices by hav+ a que/ionnaire l ! foll[+ fill$ out = ea* assi/ant3 ,has %e tact8 ,has %e en?usiasm8 ,has %e me?od & sy/em8 ,is %e punctual8 ,is %e neat8 ,is %e k9d8 ,is %e a good discipl9>ian8 ,is %e sympa!tic8 ,is %e quick8 ,is %e will+ to we> rubb] heels8 ,is %e a good work]8 ,is %e accurate8 ,has %e a pleas+ p]sonality8 ,has %e a s5se ( responsibility8 ,is %e pati5t8 ,is %e c\rte\s8 ,has %e self control8 ,is %e *e]ful8 ,has %e a k ( books8 ,are h] vibrations pleasant8 ,has %e executive ability8 ,c %e speak ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,spani%1 ,italian1 ,yiddi%8 ,has %e social qualifications8 ,c %e keep a petty ca% acc\nt8 ,:at are h] faults8 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,putnam1 ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 gives ! foll[+ advice to aspirants = libr>y positions3 8,fir/1 secure ! be/ possible g5]al education1 includ+1 if possible1 a college c\rse or its equival5t2 second1 acquire a read+ k ( at lea/ ,fr5* & ,g]man2 ?ird1 add to ?is a tra9+ 9 a libr>y s*ool2 f\r?1 if a *oice mu/ be made betwe5 ! special tra9+ 9 a libr>y s*ool & a g5]al c\rse 9 a college1 *oose ! g5]al c\rse1 b make e ef=t to supplem5t ?is by ! special c\rse if only = a brief p]iod2 fif?1 if an opportunity occur = =eign travel1 utilize x2 six?1 if y h n be5 able to contrive ei!r a ?or\gh g5]al education or special tra9+1 y\r be/ opportunities 9 libr>y "w w be 9 a small libr>y :]e y\r p]sonal *>act]i/ics may be su* z to (fset ^! o!r defici5cies2 sev5?1 )\t at lea/ a fair read+ k ( ,fr5* & ,g]man y _c progress beyond ! mo/ subord9ate positions 9 a l>ge libr>y40 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,book ,,selection ,,& ,,buy+4 ,book ,selection4--,book selection makes ! greate/ dem& on ! k & adm9i/rative judgm5t ( libr>ians & is ! "q t produces ! mo/ friction betwe5 libr>ians & libr>y committees4 ,if ! tru/ees def9e ! g5]al policy ( ! libr>y1 det]m9e ! am\nt to be exp5d$ on books1 & approve pur*ases out ( ! ord9>y run1 ! libr>ian %\ld be consid]$ z ! "o p]son be/ po/$ on ! ne$s ( ! libr>y1 & z pur*as+ ag5t = ! in/itution %\ld be all[$ to buy :]e he c d s to ! be/ advantage4 ,( c\rse1 ! problem is q diff]5t 9 an academic libr>y f :at x is 9 a public libr>y4 ,especially 9 ! latt] %\ld ! libr>ian be grant$ ! utmo/ fre$om 9 ! selection ( ! g5]al run ( books4 8,we are (t5 ask$ :o selects ! books = pur*ase & h[ ?is is done10 says ,dr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,bo/wick 9 ! annual report ( ! ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y = #aiaa-ab4 8,ab\t #aj1jjj volumes are issu$ f ,am]ican presses ye>ly1 n to m5tion ^? ( ,engl& & o!r ,european c\ntries4 ,( ^! we c pur*ase only ab\t #b1jjj titles4 ,( ! rema9d] "s are elim9at$ by _! heavy co/1 z 9 ! case ( editions de luxe & mo/ works int5d$ = weal?y collectors2 "s because ( _! class1 su* z te*nical works on law & m$ic9e1 :i* we are leav+ to ! special local libr>ies devot$ to ^! subjects2 & "s because !y are obvi\sly bel[ /&>d1 be+ ei!r untru/wor?y1 trivial or objectionable4 ,!re rema9s a v consid]able numb]1 any "o ( :i* we might pur*ase b only a c]ta9 proportion ( :i* we c buy ) ! funds at our disposal4 ,f ^! we try to select ! be/1 judg+ f ! /&po9t ( a high-grade public libr>y4 ,"s ( ! consid]ations t affect our decision are1 fir/1 public dem&1 to :i* we always give he$ unless x is obvi\sly un9=m$2 secondly1 a desire to /r5g!n our collection 9 weak po9ts2 & ?irdly1 exp]t advice1 oral or pr9t$1 volunte]$ or specially ask$4 ,"h 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 we are pr(it+ by ! s]vices ( num]\s exp]ts 9 special subjects1 :i* are freely giv5 z a public s]vice1 & we scan c>efully e bit ( exp]t te/imony reg>d+ ! availability ( books conta9$ 9 ! bullet9s ( o!r libr>ies & 9 o!r curr5t li/s & bibliographies4 ,trade li/s & catalogues ( all k9ds are *eck$ up ) our own to see :at we lack1 & ! result is ! assemblage ( a li/ ( wants f> l>g] ?an we c pur*ase4 ,! f9al selection f ^! is apt to leave beh9d "s ?+s t we ought to buy1 b x is unlikely to include any?+ t c\ld well h be5 left out1 consid]+ our special conditions & ne$s4 ,! f9al ^w 9 selection re/s ) a committee ( ! ,bo>d2 b = ord9>y curr5t pur*ases1 & unless "s po9t involv+ ! l>g] policies ( selection is to be settl$1 ?is committee usually all[s ! libr>ian to ex]cise 8 own judgm5t4 ,besides ! s\rces ( selection already m5tion$1 books on approval are receiv$ 9 consid]able quantities1 sometimes be+ s5t volunt>ily by deal]s or individuals1 sometimes reque/$ by ! libr>y40 ,! libr>ian mu/ develop a s5se ( proportion & bew>e ( ! libr>y patron ) a hobby1 & ( ! tru/ee :o is int]e/$ 9 build+ up only "o side ( ! libr>y1 & ( ! s*ol> :o ?9ks t 8only solid read+ = ! immortal m9d %\ld be plac$ be=e old & "y40 ,9 buy+ = an av]age public libr>y ! aim %\ld be to *oose g5]al treatises r ?an ^? cov]+ only special phases or special subjects4 ,! special treatises w\ld be ! m desirable = a univ]sity libr>y1 :]e !y w\ld be 9 dem& bo? by faculty & /ud5ts1 z au?orities on detail$ po9ts1 z aids or z s\rces 9 fur!r inve/igation4 ,too mu* money %\ld n be lock$ up 9 exp5sive volumes t w be seldom us$4 ,! libr>ian %\ld e/imate ! av]age co/ ( 8 books p] volume &1 except 9 ! case ( ref]5ce books1 %\ld n g too f> beyond ?is av]age co/4 ,he %\ld avoid p>tisan%ip & develop ca?olicity ( ta/e & bread? ( sympa?y4 ,he %\ld try to h some?+ on 8 %elves = e patron 9 t[n1 real or pot5tial1 b %\ld n all[ ! libr>y to be drawn into any sect>ian propag&i/ movem5t4 ,he %\ld avoid controv]sial works1 s5sationalism & ! late/ fad1 & put (f ! pur*ase ( ! book ( ! h\r until he feels fairly sure t ! dem& = x w n die )9 ! h\r4 ,! effici5t libr>ian does n ?9k too mu* ( ! sum total ( accessions1 b is m9dful ( ! fact t x is quality n quantity t c\nts4 8,x doesn't matt] h[ _m b h[ good books y h40 ,?is 0 said by ,s5eca1 b ! same tru? has be5 /at$ by _m mod]n libr>ians4 8,i %\ld z soon tell h[ _m tons ! books 9 ! ,a/or ,libr>y weigh z to tell h[ _m volumes !re are10 0 a sage rem>k ( ,dr4 ,joseph ,g4 ,cogswell4 8,/r5g? does n lie 9 m]e numb]s2 ?is fact is z true ( books z ( soldi]s10 said ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,fo/]4 8,"o ?\s& c>efully pick$ are wor? two ?\s& assembl$ at r&om40 ,aids 9 ,book ,selection4--,! *ief aid 9 book selection = ! av]age small public libr>y is ! ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 catalog4 ,! fir/ edition 0 issu$ 9 #ahic = ! ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition4 ,x 0 plann$ z a guide = book buy]s z well z = read]s & z a manual = libr>ians 9 ! matt] ( book selection4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t x 0 hop$ t x w\ld take ! place ( a pr9t$ catalog 9 "s ( ! small] public libr>ies4 ,by *eck+ 9 ! m>g9 ! titles ( ! books own$ x =ms a conv5i5t p>tial catalog ( be/ books = any libr>y4 ,9 #aijd a classifi$ & annotat$ edition1 ?or\ghly revis$ & br\ght d[n to date1 0 prep>$ = ! ,/4 ,l\is ,exposition4 ,?is includ$ #g1ebj volumes adapt$ to public libr>ies z contra/$ ) #e1jjj titles includ$ 9 ! e>li] edition4 ,a supplem5t>y class li/ ( #c1jjj titles1 cov]+ ! books issu$ betwe5 #aijd & #aiaa1 0 issu$ by ! ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 9 #aiab4 ,! 8,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,bookli/10 a guide to ! be/ new books1 has j complet$ its n9? annual1 volume4 ,v>i\s /ate libr>y commissions h issu$ helpful li/s4 ,wiscons9's 8,sugge/ive li/ ( books = a small libr>y0 is a good specim54 ,! 8,fiction catalog0 publi%$ by ,h4 ,w4 ,wilson ,co41 ,m9neapolis1 is useful z a *eck li/ & conta9s _m excell5t titles4 ,9 ! same way ! li/s ( ! #ajj & ( ! #ajjj be/ novels issu$ by ! ,free ,libr>y ( ,new>k1 ,n4 ,j41 are wor? /udy+4 ,v>i\s li/s ( be/ books1 l ,sir ,john ,lubbock's fam\s 8hundr$ be/ books10 or ,dr4 ,eliot's 8five foot libr>y10 are to be f\nd 9 a pamphlet 8,! ,_w's be/ books10 :i* is to be _h free ( *>ge f ! ,globe ,w]nicke ,co41 ,c9c9nati4 ,= additional titles see 8,aids 9 book selection0 by ,alice ,b4 ,kroeg] & ,s>ah ,w4 ,cattell 7,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,publi%+ bo>d1 #aijh47 ,bookbuy+4--,if x is desir$ to buy a special li/ ( books1 already select$1 x is usually be/ to place ! ord] ) "o ( ! l>ge h\ses :i* make a specialty ( libr>y trade or ) a local deal]1 if ! prop] s]vice & disc\nts are assur$4 ,co/ ( c>riage may total up high en\gh to (fset a special disc\nt1 & s %\ld be consid]$ 9 comp>+ prices (f]$ by two diff]5t deal]s4 ,9 scann+ a li/ ( books to be b\ght1 att5tion %\ld be paid to #a4 ,^? titles :i* are to be _h 9 re9=c$ b9d+s4 #b4 ,titles :i* are to be _h 9 special editions1 z 9 ,ev]yman's ,libr>y4 #c4 ,titles :i* are to be _h f deal]s 9 rema9d]s & are likely to be (f]$ at b>ga9 prices4 ,! 8,li/ ( editions select$ = economy 9 book buy+10 compil$ by ,l]oy ,jeff]s1 & publi%$ by ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association 7#be cts47 is well wor? /udy+4 ,! selection ( books to be b\ght at any "o "t w be det]m9$ by ! prices at :i* !y c be secur$ & consequ5tly x is desirable to con/antly /udy deal]s' catalogs4 ,worn copies ( popul> titles or copies t are loose 9 _! b9d+s are n ord9>ily wise pur*ases1 z !y soon require reb9d+1 & ?us make ! total co/ exce$ ! fir/ co/ ( a copy 9 re9=c$ b9d+4 ,subscription books are r>ely wor? any?+ l ! money ask$ = !m4 ,if want$ !y c frequ5tly be b\ght f deal]s 9 second h& books1 or f jobb]s 9 rema9d]s & surplus /ock4 ,books %\ld n be b\ght f travel+ ag5ts4 ,!re are only a few publi%+ h\ses :o employ !m :o w\ld n supply _! books ?r\gh ! regul> *annels ( trade4 8,editions de luxe0 are n[ g5]ally und]/ood to be = looks only1 & 8libr>y editions0 are frequ5tly s call$ because !y are = ! private & n = ! public libr>y1 be+ put up 9 a way n w>rant$ to )/& we> & te>4 ,accession ,book4--,! accession book1 :i* corresponds to ! invoice book ( a bus9ess h\se1 is ! fir/ ( all records to be made ( a book aft] x has be5 acquir$ by a libr>y4 ,! accession book aims to %[ ! additions ( ea* day 9 ! exact ord] ( _! reception1 )\t classification ( any k9d4 ,"o turns to x to le>n :at price 0 paid = a book1 :5 & :]e x 0 b\ght1 h[ mu* 0 paid = b9d+ x1 if x 0 b\nd aft] be+ acquir$ by ! libr>y1 h[ mu* 0 paid = replacem5t if lo/1 etc4 ,ea* volume is ent]$ on a sep>ate l9e1 & secures a sep>ate accession numb]4 ,by means ( ?is numb] ! hi/ory ( any p>ticul> book c be trac$4 ,! accession book is ! mo/ p]man5t ( ! libr>y records2 entries _c disappe> z f a c>d %elf li/1 & x is ( ! greate/ value 9 case ( books lo/ or de/roy$ by fire4 ,ea* book %\ld be ent]$ imm$iately aft] x is collat$ & f\nd to agree ) ! ord] & bill4 ,! entries mu/ be kept up to date 9 ord] to avoid loss & confusion4 ,an accession numb] %\ld be giv5 ea* sep>ate volume4 ,giv+ a s+le accession numb] to a set leads to endless confusion4 ,a numb]+ ma*9e w save "t & help to prev5t errors4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,classification4 ,def9ition4--,classification consi/s ( putt+ l ?+s toge!r4 ,we d ?is e day1 & ! classification ( books is only "o special phase ( ?is g5]al process4 ,?us1 a man :o owns a h>dw>e /ore does n place 8 goods helt] skelt]1--a /ove1 a box ( nails1 "s saws & !n a furnace1 b he runs ov] 8 /ock & classifies x1 putt+ /oves 9 "o place1 nails 9 ano!r4 ,by ?is classification he ga9s two ?+s3 fir/1 he c f9d any "o ?+ he wants m quickly2 secondly1 he c tell h[ mu* ( any "o article he has on h& & s decide :e!r he mu/ lay 9 a new supply4 ,likewise1 ! zoologi/ classifies all memb]s ( ! animal k+dom1 s t he c le>n :at ! diff]5t k9ds ( animals are & /udy ! relation%ip betwe5 !m4 ,)\t ! help af=d$ by classification he w\ld be ov]:elm$ by ! imm5se numb] ( facts br\ght be=e him & )\t ! aid ( classification he w\ld nev] h kn[n ( evolution1 ! guid+ /> ( mod]n inve/igation4 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples4--,9 our e-day life we lose mu* "t hunt+ = ?+s = :i* we h no def9ite place4 ,we h put !m 9 ! place :i* 0 mo/ conv5i5t = u at ! mom5t :5 we put !m away4 ,?9k = y\rself h[ x is ) y\r k4 ,f obs]vation1 f conv]sation1 f read+1 y le>n a little ab\t _m subjects l electricity1 botany1 a/ronomy or politics1 b 9 ?is desultory way y d n le>n v mu* ab\t any "o ( ^! subjects4 ,!re=e y d n feel any special ne$ ( classify+ y\r in=mation1 b :5 y take up any ( ^! subjects & pursue x s]i\sly y le>n ?\s&s ( facts & relations1 & !n is ! "t t y feel ! ne$ ( "s plan ( arrangem5t ( y\r k4 ,private vs4 ,in/itutional ,libr>ies4--,"o has ! same exp]i5ce 9 reg>d to books4 ,a p]son hav+ a libr>y ( f fifty to ?ree hundr$ books does n feel ! ne$ ( classify+ !m4 ,! ord9>y arrangem5t is bas$ ^u size1 color or conv5i5ce4 ,! books 9 ! av]age h\se are s plac$ z to look _! be/4 ,! classification1 z f> z x exi/s1 is an e/hetic "o4 ,! own] kn[s ! exact appe>ance ( e volume 9 8 libr>y & :5 he wants ,longfell['s poems he c tell at a glance :]e x is4 ,9 a small private libr>y !re is no occasion = all ! hi/ory be+ 9 "o place or all ! poems 9 ano!r4 ,z ! libr>y gr[s1 ! e/hetic pr9ciple ( classification c be foll[$ until ! own] c no long] readily rememb] h[ ea* book looks4 ,b our in/itutional libr>ies conta9 s _m books t ! libr>ian _c "k !m 9 ! same way t he c ! books 9 8 own private libr>y & consequ5tly he has to /udy ! "q ( classification & devise a me?od by :i* n only he1 b 8 assi/ants & also su* read]s z h access to ! books1 c readily f9d !m z want$4 ,classification1 ! putt+ ( l ?+s toge!r1 w\ld1 !re=e1 mean 9 a l>ge libr>y1 putt+ hi/ories toge!r 9 "o place1 ! m$ical books toge!r 9 ano!r place1 & s ) all o!r di/9ctive subjects4 ,ea* ( ^! l>ge classes w1 h[ev]1 h to be subdivid$4 ,?us1 hi/ories ( ,greece are put toge!r 9 "o place1 hi/ories ( ,rome 9 ano!r1 hi/ories ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 /ill ano!r4 ,! subdivision 9 ! l>g] libr>ies is c>ri$ /ill f>!r & books on ! p]iod ( ! discov]y ( ,am]ica are put fir/1 foll[$ by books on ! ,colonial p]iod ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 etc4 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory1 if well repres5t$1 is classifi$ geographically4 ,?is process ( subdivision into sep>ate gr\ps ( books on ea* /ate c be c>ri$ /ill f>!r if necess>y4 ,advantages ( ,classification4--,! foll[+ que/ions may arise3 ,:at advantages come f ! classification1 & :o are b5efit$8 ,! advantages come to ^? hav+ access to ! books4 ,if "o goes to a libr>y to get a volume by ,arnold ,b5nett x makes no diff]5ce to ! individual :e!r ! libr>y is classifi$ or n if he _c g to ! %elves & pick out ! book = himself4 ,likewise1 if he wants ,"y's ,a/ronomy he w probably get ! book m quickly if he asks ! att5dant to get x ?an if he tries to get x himself1 suppos+ he does h access to ! %elves4 ,b ! "t :5 ! read] gets ! mo/ help f ! classification is :5 he wants to exam9e a numb] ( books on a/ronomy & c g to ! %elves & f9d ! books on t subject all 9 "o place4 ,!n he c easily f9d :at diff]5t writ]s h to say ab\t ! habitability ( ,m>s or he c f9d :at book appeals to him z be+ ! mo/ int]e/+ & c borr[ x = home use4 ,any inve/igator f9ds access to ! %elves ( a well classifi$ libr>y an imm5se help4 ,an ,aid to ! ,libr>ian4--,ano!r p]son :o is greatly b5efit$ by classification is ! libr>ian1 & x is j z important t he be help$ z t ! read] be help$4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 help$ 9 a diff]5t way4 ,he kn[s :at ! sy/em ( classification 9 use 9 ! libr>y is & ) ! outl9es ( ?is s*eme 9 m9d he goes ?r\gh ! libr>y & f9ds out :]e x is /rong & :]e x is weak & c plan future pur*ases accord+ly4 ,if1 = example1 he f9ds on ! %elves little ( value on photography he w make a note ( x & buy m books on t subject :5 funds are available4 ,if he f9ds t !re is an undue supply ( travel on h&1 he w note t also & buy few] books 9 t class 9 ! future4 ,)\t ! help ( classification ! libr>ian w\ld ov]look _m su* irregul>ities4 ,9 an unclassifi$ libr>y !y w\ld be discov]$ only ?r\gh a long & t$i\s inve/igation4 ,8 only rec\rse w\ld be ! catalog & t is n s well adapt$ to answ] su* que/ions4 ,basis ( ,classification4--,! next "q is1 :at %all be ! basis ( classification4 ,x is obvi\s t ?is basis %\ld be s\ght 9 ! "* ( ! books !mselves & %\ld be appli$ ) con/ant ref]5ce to ! read] & 8 ne$s4 ,9 reg>d to ! fir/ po9t1 "* ( ! books1 we "k t books h be5 writt5 on all k9ds ( subjects1--religion1 law1 hi/ory1 m$ic9e1 etc4 & t ^? subjects =m ! only rational basis = classification4 ,a classification bas$ on ^! di/9ctions is ! only "o t helps ! read]4 ,if a man comes to ! libr>y to inve/igate a p>ticul> po9t 9 m$ic9e1 x is cle> t x w help him if he f9ds all ! m$ical books toge!r r ?an all ! books gr\p$ accord+ to _! date ( pur*ase by ! libr>y4 ,pres5t ,t5d5cy4--,_m s*emes h be5 devis$ = ! classification ( books1 "s v simple1 o!rs extremely elaborate4 ,! pres5t t5d5cy is to adopt ! m elaborate classification4 ,=m]ly mo/ libr>ies 7 n classifi$ at all1 b ! books 7 arrang$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 receiv$1 ! only gr\p+ ( ! books be+ 9 su* cases "o bas$ on size1--folios 9 "o place1 qu>tos 9 ano!r1 9 ord] to save %elf room4 ,assum+ t ! books 9 ! libr>y 7 numb]$ accord+ to ! date ( _! accession f "o up to1 say1 tw5ty ?\s&1 x is cle> t ! read] c\ld f9d a book by a p>ticul> writ] quickly en\gh by look+ up its numb] 9 ! catalog1 b if he _h wi%$ to consult ?irty books on "o subject1 x w\ld be a v t$i\s op]ation & mo/ read]s w\ld n take ! "t = x4 ,simple =ms ( ,classification4--,! mo/ common plan 9 ,engli% libr>ies is a modification ( ?is s*eme4 ,! books are divid$ into ab\t t5 classes & ! books 9 ea* class are arrang$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are receiv$4 ,! classes are di/+ui%$ by capital lett]s4 ,an example said to be v common 9 ,engl&1 is z foll[s4 ,a4 ,!ology & philosophy4 ,b4 ,hi/ory & biography4 ,c4 ,travel & topography4 ,d4 ,law1 politics1 comm]ce4 ,e4 ,arts & sci5ces4 ,f4 ,fiction4 ,g4 ,philology4 ,h4 ,poetry & drama4 ,j4 ,juv5ile4 ,k4 ,miscellane\s & magaz9es4 ,z an illu/ration ( ! way a book is m>k$ 9 ?is s*eme1 ,b #begd might be ,gre5's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% p40 ,?is book is m>k$ ,b4 because x is a hi/ory4 ,x is m>k$ #begd because !re 7 already #begc books 9 ?is class at ! "t ?is book 0 add$4 ,?is m>k1 ,b #begd1 is a v simple "o & to t ext5t satisfactory4 ,! s*eme is a great advance ov] ! prec$+ "o1 because x br+s ! books ( a k9d toge!r4 ,s9ce !re are t5 classes 9 ?is s*eme1 x is evid5t t if a read] wi%es to see all ! books on "o subject he w h to exam9e only "o-t5? ( ! libr>y in/ead ( ! :ole ( x1 b ev5 ?is is n felt to be m9ute en\gh4 ,if ! libr>y conta9s #bjj1jjj volumes "o class w\ld conta91 on ! av]age1 #bj1jjj volumes1 :i* is altoge!r too great a collection to se>* ?r\gh4 ,if ,gre5's 8,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% p0 7 m>k$ ,b #begd1 ! next book might be ,rob9son's 8,hi/ory ( ,p]u10 m>k$ ,b #bege1 :i* is ( c\rse a v diff]5t subject4 ,! case is /ill worse 9 class ,e1 :i* includes f9e arts1 useful arts & all ! sci5ces1 s t a book on *emi/ry might /& betwe5 a book on m$ic9e & "o on ,raphael4 ,?is w\ld n satisfy ! read+ public ( to-day1--nor ! mod]n libr>ian4 ,! classes ,f1 fiction1 & ,j1 juv5ile1 are n s bad2 !re is n s great a diff]5ce betwe5 ! books 9 ^! classes4 ,!y are us$ m by p seek+ recreation1 r ?an by ^? look+ = def9ite titles4 ,jacob ,abbott wrote "s two hundr$ juv5ile books & _m ( ^! might be scatt]$ among ! l>ge class ,j4 ,9 class ,f1 fiction1 ! ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man au?ors w\ld all be ?r[n toge!r4 ,?is w\ld be a disadvantage = any "o desir+ to read along a p>ticul> l9e4 ,op5 vs4 ,close ,classification4--,! "q ( op5 vs4 close classification is an important "o4 ,by op5 classification we mean "o )\t m9ute subdivisions4 ,an illu/ration ( op5 classification is ! s*eme ( t5 classes describ$ above4 ,z an extreme case ( op5 classification m5tion may be made ( ! !ological libr>y 9 :i* only two classes 7 us$1 ! "o class conta9+ ! books t 7 s\nd 9 _! !ology1 ! o!r ! books t 7 uns\nd4 ,at ! pres5t "t ! t5d5cy is t[>ds close classification4 ,x is a necessity 9 l>ge libr>ies & an advantage 9 small ones4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! two great au?orities on classification are ,*>les ,a4 ,cutt] & ,melvil ,dewey4 ,bo? h devis$ & publi%$ s*emes ( classification :i* are g5]ally recogniz$ z hav+ _m excell5t features4 ,9 bo? s*emes ! classification admits ( v m9ute subdivisions4 ,dewey says t if ! libr>y has only "o book on a c]ta9 m9ute subject1 t book ought to be put 9 its own special class4 ,x does n matt] if !re is no o!r book 9 ! class4 ,no "o c fully und]/& :at is meant by close classification until he has _h consid]able exp]i5ce 9 classify+ books4 ,y c pick up ! pr9t$ s*eme ( classification & run y\r eye ov] ! numb]s1 b y w get comp>atively little f !m until y try to apply !m4 ,m9ute ,bibliographical ,classification4--,! foll[+ is a v important di/9ction 9 reg>d to close classification :i* %\ld be c>efully not$4 ,x is "o ?+ to classify books1 b x is q a diff]5t ?+ to classify articles 9 magaz9es = ! bibliography ( a subject4 ,magaz9e articles may be classifi$ f> m m9utely ?an books c be4 ,take1 = example1 ! ,bibliographia ,geologica1 9 :i* ref]5ces are made to articles 9 geological magaz9es & publications ( geological societies4 ,"h ! articles are classifi$ accord+ to ,dewey4 ,dewey's class #eea means physical geology4 ,9 ?is bibliography !re is a p>ticul> article m>k$ #eea4gie1eac1aaa1jdd4 ,t is to say ! g5]al subject ( physical geology is subdivid$ 9 "o-trillion? p>ts & ?is article is assign$ to "o ( ^? p>ts4 ,if "o %\ld apply = a libr>y position & be told t he %\ld h to classify ! books z closely z ?is1 he w\ld probably nev] get ! position4 ,if he 7 giv5 ?is article to classify1 he w\ld j z likely z n put x t5 billion po9ts out ( ! way4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ?is bibliography is compil$ by a numb] ( exp]ts 9 geology4 ,!re are simil> bibliographies ( botany1 zoology & o!r natural sci5ces1 all m9utely classifi$ & all compil$ by exp]ts4 ,! reason t books _c be z closely classifi$ z magaz9e articles is t !y g5]ally deal ) broad] topics4 ,9 ! av]age libr>y x does n pay to classify books m m9utely ?an is w>rant$ by ! g5]al run ( books 9 ! class 9 :i* ^! books are to be assign$4 ,9 ?is reg>d1 a di/9ction mu/ be made betwe5 libr>ies4 ,! ,libr>y ( ,congress has devis$ a classification ( its own :i* is v m9ute1 & a numb] ( classifi]s are employ$ to look aft] ! diff]5t fields 9 :i* !y are m or less exp]t4 ,9 ?is way1 classification c be c>ri$ to ! extreme limit ( clos5ess4 ,no?+ keeps "o m mode/ ?an classify+1 = "o is cont9ually br\ght face to face ) ?+s t "o does n "k1 & s _m ?+s ( :i* "o kn[s s little4 ,! ,dewey ,decimal ,classification4 ,! decimal classification is us$ 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,europe4 ,x is suitable = bo? l>ge & small collections ( books & = index+4 ,9 _m s*emes ( classification lett]s are us$ to d5ote ! classes1 9 o!rs a comb9ation ( lett]s & figures4 ,dewey uses only figures4 ,dewey develop$ 8 sy/em 9 #ahgc & publi%$ x 9 #ahgf4 ,numb]s ( ?ree figures 7 us$ to d5ote ! classes4 ,s9ce !n x has be5 f\nd desirable to subdivide mu* m m9utely & ?is has be5 done ) increas+ m9ut5ess 9 ! sev5 editions t h foll[$ ! "o ( #ahgf4 ,a g5]al outl9e ( ,dewey is "h giv54 #jjj ,g5]al works #ajj ,philosophy #bjj ,religion #cjj ,sociology #djj ,philology #ejj ,sci5ce #fjj ,useful arts #gjj ,f9e arts #hjj ,lit]ature #ijj ,hi/ory ,ea* ( ^! is divid$ into t5 sections1 e4 g4 #ejj ,sci5ce #eaj ,ma!matics #ebj ,a/ronomy #ecj ,physics #edj ,*emi/ry #eej ,geology #efj ,paleontology #egj ,biology #ehj ,botany #eij ,zoology ,ea* ( ^! is divid$ into t5 sections1 e4 g4 #ecj ,physics #eca ,me*anics #ecb ,hydraulics #ecc ,pneumatics #ecd ,s\nd #ece ,light #ecf ,heat #ecg ,electricity #ech ,magnetism #eci ,molecul> physics4 ,^! sections are /ill fur!r subdivid$ until ! requisite degree ( m9ut5ess is rea*$4 ,! sy/em has v>i\s mnemonic features :i* are helpful4 ,e figure has a mean+4 ,an alphabetical li/ ( all ^! mean+s is app5d$ to ! classification4 ,?us aft] ! ^w ,hydraulics is #ecb1 %[+ :]e to look 9 ! classification = ?is subject4 ,all books on hydraulics receive ! numb] #ecb & are toge!r on ! %elves4 ,?is fact illu/rates "o great advantage ( ! ,dewey sy/em1 t z ! libr>y gr[s ! new books c be plac$ ) ! correspond+ old ones )\t re-m>k+ ! old ones1 :ile 9 ! fix$ location sy/em ! books are m>k$ to c]ta9 localities1 & :5 mov$ by reason ( gr[? ( ! libr>y h to be re-m>k$4 ,?is re-m>k+ includes n only ! books b also ! c>ds ref]r+ to ! books4 ,! re-m>k+ is v co/ly & v unsatisfactory4 ,9 ,dewey's sy/em ! books 9 any "o class are arrang$ accord+ to "s me?od4 ,9 mo/ classes an alphabetical arrangem5t by ! names ( ! au?ors is simple/ & be/4 ,9 sci5tific classes "s libr>ians pref] ! *ronological arrangem5t4 ,9 any case x %\ld be cle> & simple4 ,relative ,location4--8,) a movable location all new books fall at once into _! prop] places l ! c>ds :i* are add$ to a c>d catalog1 & ! new-com]s pu% ! o!r books along on ! %elf1 j z new c>ds pu% ! o!rs along 9 ! draw]4 ,! consequ5ce is t a book :i* is "h to-day may be on ! next %elf 9 a mon? or 9 ! next alcove 9 a ye>2 & ! local memory1 :i* is a great help 9 f9d+ books quickly is di/urb$4 ,! only rem$y t ,i c see = ?is is to sub/itute a subject memory = a local memory1 to get a habit ( ?9k+ ( a book z belong+ to a c]ta9 class in/ead ( z on a c]ta9 %elf 7a mu* m rational memory1 by ! way71 & !n to make x v easy to f9d ! classes4 ,?is la/ is n h>d to accompli%4 ,a class memory c be cultivat$ & may be assi/$ by local memory :i* w f9d books by _! position relative to o!r books1 in/ead ( by _! position relative to alcoves & %elves1 or doors & w9d[s40--,c4 ,a4 ,cutt]4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,catalog+4 ,def9ition4--,! catalog is a directory ( ! libr>y4 ,a libr>y )\t a catalog is describ$ by ,?omas ,c>lyle z 8a ,polyphemus )\t any eye 9 its head1 & y mu/ front ! difficulties1 :atev] !y may be1 ( mak+ prop] catalogs40 ,a good catalog mu/ be an accurate & easily us$ index ( ! res\rces ( ! libr>y1 answ]+ ! que/ions ( ! read]s 9 ! simple/ & mo/ direct way possible4 ,su* que/ions fall into ! foll[+ gr\ps3 #a4 ,has ! libr>y a c]ta9 book by a c]ta9 au?or8 #b4 ,:at books by a c]ta9 au?or has ! libr>y8 #c4 ,has ! libr>y a book ) a c]ta9 title1 ! au?or's "n be+ unkn[n8 #d4 ,:at has ! libr>y on a giv5 subject8 #e4 ,:at volumes ( a c]ta9 s]ies are 9 ! libr>y8 #f4 ,:]e on ! %elves ( ! libr>y is a c]ta9 book to be f\nd1 if x is n 9 use by a read]8 ,to answ] ^! que/ions c]ta9 8entries01 or records1 are made 9 ! catalog1 call$ ! au?or1 title1 subject & s]ies entries4 ,"q #f1 :i* is ask$ 9 connection ) all ! o!r que/ions1 is answ]$ by ! call numb]1 :i* appe>s on e entry4 ,! mo/ g5]al book ( ref]5ce is ! diction>y4 ,e "o is m or less famili> ) its arrangem5t4 ,?is fact is ! *ief argum5t = a diction>y arrangem5t 9 a c>d catalog :]e au?ors1 subjects1 titles & cross ref]5ces are arrang$ 9 "o alphabet1 z 9 a diction>y4 ,ea* 8entry10 or record1 is made on a c>d hav+ on its fir/ l9e ! ^w1 or words1 "u :i* ! entry is made4 ,?is c>d is plac$ 9 its alphabetical place 9 ! catalog tray4 ,au?or ,entry4--,e book mu/ h an au?or entry to answ] que/ions #a & #b4 ,by au?or we mean ! p]son1 body1 gov]nm5t1 society or in/itution responsible = a "w4 ,! entry is usually made "u ! au?or's surname1 foll[$ by 8 =5ames4 ,catalog ,rules4--,e good code ( catalog+ rules gives detail$ directions = ! au?or entry1 tell+ h[ to decide :o is ! au?or & :at =m ( 8 "n to use4 ,9 ord] to ga9 ! uni=mity necess>y = ! easy consultation ( ! catalog1 ! catalog] mu/ decide ^u h] rules & !n foll[ !m c>efully4 ,if ?is is done1 ! au?or c>d w ord9>ily pres5t few difficulties4 ,! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association rules 7#aijh7 are v full & (f] ! advantage ( g5]al con=mity to ! ,libr>y ( ,congress entries4 ,! "q z to fullness ( au?or's "n may well be left to ! individual libr>y4 ,! small libr>y w ne$ to use ! au?or's dates only to di/+ui% diff]5t au?ors ( ! same "n4 ,_m descriptive phrases may also be omitt$1 e4 g4 8pres4 ( ! ,u4 ,s40 9 ! head+1 8,wa%+ton1 ,george1 pres4 ( ! ,u4 ,s40 & simil> head+s4 ,?is w 9 no way int]f]e ) ! use ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress c>ds1 9 spite ( _! full] entries1 z ! full & less full may easily be plac$ 9 "o alphabet4 ,all works ( fiction1 dramas & poems1 & works ( non-fiction hav+ /rik+ titles mu/ h an additional record1 or 8add$ entry01 "u ! title1 9 ord] t ! catalog may answ] "q #c4 ,= ?is entry1 ! title is writt5 at ! top ( ! c>d4 ,! av]age read] m frequ5tly rememb]s ! titles ( books ?an ! names ( _! au?ors4 ,consequ5tly ! catalog] mu/ n be too sp>+ 9 mak+ title entries4 ,subject ,entries4--,non-fiction mu/ also h add$ entry "u ! subject or subjects ( ! book4 ,x is "h t ! catalog] f9ds scope = all h] k1 judgm5t & common s5se4 ,above all1 let x n be said ( h] t %e 8,affects all books ( pa/ & pres5t ages1 ,b reads no fur!r ?an _! title-pages40 ,%e mu/ exam9e ! books c>efully1 /udy+ ! table ( cont5ts1 preface1 analyses ( *apt]s :5 giv51 m>g9al notes1 & ! *apt]s !mselves :5 necess>y4 ,no entry is to be made "u any subject unless ! catalog] is sure t ! book conta9s mat]ial helpful to "o look+ up t subject4 ,%e mu/ always try to put h]self 9 ! read]'s place1 & get 8 po9t ( view4 ,! catalog] is extremely liable to wor%ip rules & to =get ! limitations ( ! av]age read]4 ,!re is dang] ( tak+ too mu* = grant$4 ,9 ?is respect ! catalog] is l a c]ta9 pr(essor :o 0 giv5 to quot+ ,arabic 9 8 popul> lectures4 ,:5 "s "o1 remon/rat$1 he said1 8,oh1 ev]ybody kn[s a little ,arabic40 ,! catalog] mu/ be> 9 m9d ! fact t _m us]s ( ! libr>y d n "k h[ to look up book titles4 ,presid5t ,eliot once confess$ to a body ( libr>ians t al?\gh he might claim to be z intellig5t z ! ord9>y frequ5t] ( a libr>y1 he did n "k en\gh to use a c>d catalog4 ,cutt]'s ,rules4--,hav+ decid$ :at ! subject or subjects ( ! book may be1 = x may h "o or _m1 ! "q arises z to ! =m ( ! subject head+s to be us$4 ,c4 ,a4 ,cutt]1 9 8 8,rules = a diction>y catalog0 7#d? edition1 #aijd7 has laid d[n ! pr9ciples ( ! *oice ( subject head+s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ useful tools ( ! catalog] is ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association 8,li/ ( subject head+s0 7#c;d edition1 #aiaa71 ! result ( widespread consultation & discussion on pr9ciples & practice4 ,"h is ga!r$ ! exp]i5ce ( _m libr>ies1 ( all types1 & ! catalog] w\ld d well to foll[ ?is li/ unless exp]i5ce has %[n h] t 9 "s cases h] special libr>y requires a v>iation4 ,! sugge/$ cross ref]5ces are a great help1 b mu/ be us$ ) c>e & judgm5t4 ,! cross ref]5ces are ! sign po/s 9 ! wild]ness ( ! catalog1 & !y mu/ po9t ! way cle>ly & ) tru?4 ,! catalog] nev] kn[s at j :at po9t ! read] w /rike ! catalog1 b if ! subject head+s & cross ref]5ces h be5 judici\sly *os5 he is pretty sure to rea* ! desir$ goal4 ,analyticals4--,9 a small libr>y x is mo/ ess5tial to %[ n only :at books ! libr>y has on a giv5 subject1 b also :at *apt]s or essays may be hidd5 9 unsuspect$ volumes4 ,entries = su* p>ts ( books are call$ analytical entries4 ,! subject head+ is *os5 9 ! same mann] z = an entire "w on ! subject1 ! au?or1 title1 date1 call numb] & pag+ ( ! volume conta9+ ! *apt] be+ giv5 bel[ ! subject head+4 ,9 simil> mann] au?or & title analytical entries may be made = %ort /ories :i* appe> 9 collections4 ,au?or analytical entries are frequ5tly ne$$ = collections ( essays1 etc4 ,=m ( ,c>d4--,! =m ( ! c>d is ( m9or importance1 provid$ x is cle> & gives all ( ! important in=mation4 ,x is well to make prom95t ! au?or's "n by ind5tion4 ,! title mu/ omit no?+ :i* w aid ! read] 9 8 *oice ( a book4 ,! "n or numb] ( edition & ! "n ( ! editor or translator %\ld be includ$4 ,names ( illu/rators may be omitt$ unless !y are ( suffici5t importance to require an add$ entry c>d4 ,9 a public libr>y add$ entries "u ! names ( popul> illu/rators l ,c4 ,d4 ,gibson1 ,joseph ,p5nell or ,walt] ,crane1 w (t5 prove helpful4 ,impr9t & ,collation4--,fullness ( impr9t & collation v>ies 9 diff]5t libr>ies4 ,! catalog] %\ld n c\nt on ! libr>y always rema9+ v small1 b %\ld include en\gh details ( impr9t & collation to assure h] t ! c>ds w be useful :5 ! libr>y has gr[n4 ,! ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 rules give detail$ in/ruction = impr9t & collation1 :ile any ( ! pap]s writt5 on catalog+ = ! small libr>y w po9t out ! possibilities ( simplification4 ,cont5ts ,notes4--,! cont5ts ( ! book %\ld be giv5 :5ev] x w add important items to ! read]'s k ( ! book4 ,descriptive & critical notes w (t5 tell a read] positively :e!r or n he wi%es ! book1 :5 ! title alone c\ld n d ?is4 ,subject head+s = hi/orical fiction--& also = poetry & drama--w be f\nd mo/ helpful4 ,?us ,w9/on ,*ur*ill's 8,crisis0 c well h an entry "u ,u4 ,s4 ,hi/ory--,civil ,w>--,fiction1 & ,dumas' ,! ,:ites & ! ,blues1 an entry "u ,napoleon ,i--,fiction4 ,pr9t$ ,c>ds4--,! use ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress c>ds w be f\nd a great labor sav]4 ,if1 at ! "t ( ord]+ ! c>ds1 a tempor>y slip be>+ call numb]1 au?or1 title1 place & date ( publication1 accession numb] & sugge/$ subjects & analyticals be writt51 a second exam9ation ( ! book on ! receipt ( ! c>ds w be unnecess>y1 unless ! c>ds disagree ) ! book 9 "s ( ! data not$4 ,! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 on application1 w s5d in/ructions = ! ord]+ ( c>ds4 ,al?\gh x is *eap] to ord] c>ds by s]ial numb]s1 x w n pay ! catalog] to sp5d mu* "t se>*+ = ?is numb] z = #a_/b;c p] title ! ,libr>y ( ,congress w d ?is "w4 ,! use ( ! pr9t$ c>ds1 ?\gh x w de/roy ! uni=mity ( appe>ance ( ! catalog1 w 9 no way detract f its usefulness or usabl5ess4 ,ess5tials4--,! catalog] mu/ con/antly be> 9 m9d t ! catalog is a ma*9e = ! use ( ! public4 ,any "t sp5t 9 mak+ x s]ve ! read]s m easily & quickly is "t well sp5t4 ,any "t sp5t 9 beautify+ x simply = ! glorification ( ! catalog] is "t wa/$4 ,rules1--c>eful1 detail$ rules1--are ne$$ s t ! ma*9e may d its "w )\t friction & t e "p may fit into its prop] place1 b any rules t hamp] ! us] ( ! ma*9e1 %\ld be promptly /ruck f ! code4 ,! catalog] is paid to make a "t-sav+ ma*9e1 & ?is is h] duty1--to make a ma*9e t w br+ toge!r ! book & ! man :o wants x ) ! lea/ exp5diture ( ef=t on ! "p ( ! latt]4 8,if ! tru/ees c af=d x10 v rightly says ,miss ,e/h] ,craw=d1 8!re is "o sub/itute = a catalog1 viz41 a libr>ian :o kn[s intimately e book 9 ! libr>y2 :o has ! memory = ea* book & t f9e1 discrim9at+ k ( ! read]'s ta/es & abilities :i* w enable h] always to fit ! "r book to ! "r p]son2 :o w nev] be abs5t f ! libr>y dur+ ! t5 h\rs 9 :i* x is kept op5 e day 9 ! ye>2 :o w nev] die nor take a vacation1--m>riage is out ( ! "q40#a ,! ,catalog]'s ,tra9+4--8,! mod]n libr>y movem5t is "y1 & x is !re=e n surpris+ t ! subject ( libr>y "w 9 g5]al & ( catalog+ 9 p>ticul> is n fully und]/ood10 writes ,miss ,!resa ,hit*l] 9 ! eigh? annual report ( ! ,brooklyn ,public ,libr>y4 8,! av]age man does n "k & _c realize ! dem&s ( ! "w1 & has no idea1 seem+ly1 t any tra9+ or special aptitude is necess>y4 ,by way ( contra/ to ?is av]age man's view might be record$ ! pla9t ( a prom95t libr>ian at a rec5t libr>y club meet+ t s great a p] c5t ( ! tal5t ( ! libr>y pr(ession _h to be div]t$ to ! catalog+ dep>tm5t1 to ! detrim5t ( ! circulat+ desk4 ,! moral to be po9t$ out is t ! catalog mu/ be good z a fir/ requisite to a libr>y4 ,9 ! words ( ! old comp>ison1 ! catalog is ! key to ! o!rwise hidd5 mat]ial buri$ 9 books4 ,9 a libr>y ( any size1 ! be/ desk att5dant 9 ! _w is almo/ helpless1 or at be/ con/antly h&icapp$1 )\t a conv5i5t & rational classification ( ! volumes ( ! collection & ! bibliographical aid ( a catalogue4 ,! born bibliograph] is z r>e z ! born tea*] or poet4 ,! catalog+ exp]t mu/ h ! quick m9d1 s\nd common s5se1 broad view & good judgm5t ( ! book-review] jo9$ ) ! sl[ & solid qualities ( ! bibliograph]4 ,! =m] qualities are ne$$ = rapid classification ( books 9 all ! v>i\s fields ( human k1 f ab/ruse to practical1 f grave to gay1 & = plac+ !m "u subject head+s 9 ! catalog useful & specific1 to /ud5t1 s*ol> & e day read] alike1 & are by f> ! m important & indisp5sable4 ,! latt] qualities are ne$$ = record+ accurately ! data ( ! books s class$1 9 a bibliographical catalog ( a =m useful to p ( all grades ( intellig5ce4 ,x /&s to reason t to cope ) ^! requirem5ts1 a solid educational tra9+ t gives an intellig5t outlook on ! v>i\s fields ( k mu/ be jo9$ to a natural aptitude = bibliographical detail1 & add$ to ^! a te*nical tra9+ 9 su* "w4 ,! head ( su* a dep>tm5t mu/ possess ^! requirem5ts 9 an ev] great] degree1 ) an executive ability & k ( human nature above ! ord9>y1 s9ce ! results1 good or bad1 dep5d directly on h] ability & on h] managem5t1 successful or unsuccessful1 ( ! v>i$ mat]ial entru/$ to h] guidance40 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,catalog+2 sugge/ions = ! small public libr>y1 #aijh4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,ref]5ce ,,"w ,,& ,,circulation4 ,ref]5ce ,"w4--,by 8ref]5ce "w0 is meant "w done 9 assi/+ ! public to use ! res\rces ( ! libr>y4 ,dewey def9es x z 8sy/ematic aid to read]s40 ,a ref]5ce book accord+ to ,dr4 ,e4 ,c4 ,ri*>dson 8is a book :i* is to be consult$ = def9ite po9ts ( in=mation1 r ?an read ?r\gh1 & is arrang$ ) explicit ref]5ce to ease 9 f9d+ specific facts40 ,9 ?is class fall diction>ies1 encyclopa$ias & h&-books ( all k9ds4 ,! same answ] to almo/ any "q may be f\nd 9 a numb] ( books 9 ! libr>y by tak+ ! "t to exam9e !m c>efully1 b ! object ( ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t is to s]ve ! public z exp$iti\sly & satisfactorily z possible & ref]5ce books are ! means to t end4 ,any book ref]r$ to becomes = ! "t be+ a ref]5ce book2 b ! t]m 8ref]5ce book0 z us$ 9 a libr>y ref]s to ! 8ready ref]5ce book10 i4 e4 ! books t 7 specifically writt5 = ref]5ce use & to :i* ! def9ition giv5 above ref]s4 ,! ref]5ce collection is usually a small b exce$+ly valuable portion ( ! libr>y & ! ref]5ce "w does n conf9e itself to ! use ( ! ref]5ce books1 b to any book 9 ! libr>y :i* may conta9 some?+ :i* w help t[>ds ! desir$ answ]4 ,! ref]5ce collection is g5]ally plac$ 9 ! read+ room ( ! libr>y & 9 t "p ( ! room mo/ conv5i5t to ! public & to ! libr>ian4 ,! ref]5ce dep>tm5t is ! he>t ( ! libr>y1 & ! m alive & effici5t ! memb]s ( ! dep>tm5t are1 ! /rong] is ! beat ( its pulse & ! m f> rea*+ ! results ( its "w4 ,all o!r dep>tm5ts exi/ to make m effici5t ! "w ( ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t4 ,! accessions dep>tm5t pur*ases books t !re may be live mat]ial to "w ) 9 ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t4 ,! classifi] gr\ps ! books s t all ! mat]ial on ! v>i\s subjects 9 ! libr>y is plac$ mo/ conv5i5tly on ! %elves4 ,! catalog+ dep>tm5t catalogs ! books s t ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t may by ! simple/ means f9d :at is conta9$ 9 ! libr>y4 ,)\t ! "w ( ! o!r dep>tm5ts ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t w\ld be ti$ h& & foot & might z well n exi/4 ,) _! coop]ation x becomes ! v life ( ! libr>y1 rea*+ out 9 v>i\s ways into ! community to make ! influ5ce ( ! libr>y m /rongly felt4 ,importance ( ,ref]5ce ,"w4--,! av]age read] is un9=m$ z to ! use & helpfulness ( any b ! commone/ ref]5ce books4 ,! duty ( in/ruct+ ! read]s 9 ! use ( ! ord9>y libr>y tools devolves ^u ! assi/ants at ! ref]5ce desk4 ,!y mu/ int]pret ! catalog to ! public & incite 9 ! read]s a desire to help !mselves aft] !y h be5 initiat$ into ! use ( a diction>y c>d catalog & h _h ! use ( "s ( ! m important ref]5ce books expla9$ to !m4 ,if an education consi/s n s mu* 9 gett+ k z 9 kn[+ h[ & :]e to get x :5 ! ne$ arises1 !n x is cle> t ! assi/ants at ! ref]5ce desk fill an important place 9 ! libr>y /aff4 ,!y h a great opportunity = helpfulness4 ,o!r divisions ( ! libr>y may labor successfully to build up ! collections1 & h !m prop]ly classifi$ & catalog$1 b if ! s]vice at ! ref]5ce desk is ineffici5t ! usefulness ( ! libr>y is sadly impair$4 ,! ref]5ce assi/ants c make or m> ! libr>y's reputation = s]vice4 ,( c\rse !re is su* a ?+ z do+ too mu* = ! patrons ( a libr>y1 !reby prev5t+ _! le>n+ h[ to help !mselves4 ,let ! read]s und]/& t x is necess>y to dig into ! cont5ts ( ! books & discov] ?+s t ! bibliographies & c>d catalogs _c po9t out4 ,don't say (f h&1 8,i don't "k t we h any?+ on ! subject10 = fe> t be=e long y w be say+ categorically t 8,! libr>y has no?+ on ! subject40 ,y %\ld aid ! inquir] by beg9n+ ! se>*4 ,say r1 8,let u see :at ! libr>y has on ! subject40 ,:5 ! books are pur*as$ & on ! %elves1 & ! catalog is 9 p]fect %ape = use1 ! libr>y is /ill a riddle to ! public4 ,!re mu/ be "o or m capable p]sons to meet ! public & put ! cont5ts ( ! libr>y at its disposal4 8,k is ( two k9ds10 said ,dr4 ,johnson4 8,we "k our subject & we "k :]e we c f9d in=mation ^u x40 ,! latt] is ! k necess>y to ! ref]5ce libr>ian4 ,h] k ( h] libr>y mu/ be su* t %e c f9d some?+ ab\t any "q ask$1 if !re is mat]ial on ! subject 9 ! libr>y4 ,:at great novel is !re on ! p]iod ( ! ,norman conque/8 ,:]e c ,i f9d a map ( ! city ( ,seattle8 ,:o 0 ! la/ man elect$ to ! ,fr5* ,academy8 ,:at is ! po9t ( resemblance betwe5 ,maet]l9ck's writ+s & ,col]idge's ,anci5t ,m>9]8 ,0 ,rabbi ,b5 ,ezra a ma!matician8 ,su* are ! que/ions = :i* %e mu/ be ready1 f morn+ till night1 to help f9d ! answ]s4 ,! effici5cy ( ! dep>tm5t is _m times increas$ if x c h on its /aff ^? :o 9 addition to _! k ( ! libr>y h _h a broad education4 ,! broad] ! bett] = !re is no subject on :i* %e may n at "s "t be ask$ to f9d mat]ial4 ,! m v]satile ! memb]s ( ! dep>tm5t are ! great] is its effici5cy4 ,9 no dep>tm5t ( ! libr>y does p]sonality c\nt = z mu* z 9 ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t4 ,! ref]5ce libr>ian may be a brilliant /ud5t & h a ?or\gh grasp ( ! v>i\s fields ( k1 b ( :at use w x be to h] if %e has n ! ability to meet p & to s9k h] own p]sonality to a l>ge ext5t8 ,!re is no pr(ession :i* ?r[s "o into ! society ( m v>i$ types ?an t ( libr>ian%ip4 ,! high & ! l[1 ! ri* & ! poor1 ! educat$ & ! ignorant1 ! cultur$ & unref9$ all come to ! libr>y = aid4 ,! ref]5ce libr>ian mu/ 8be all ?+s to all p40 ,%e mu/ meet h] public 9 su* a way t if !y come once !y w come aga91 feel+ !mselves cordially welcome4 ,%e mu/ h all ! qualities :i* w make ! libr>y a place to :i* ! public w want to come1 & h]self ! p]son !y w seek = assi/ance4 ,h[ to ,meet ! ,public4--8,! :ole libr>y %\ld be p]meat$ ) a *e]ful & accommodat+ atmosph]e4 ,treat boy & girl1 man & woman1 ignorant & le>n$1 graci\s & rude1 ) uni=m good temp]1 )\t condesc5sion1 nev] p]tly4 ,anticipate all inquiries :5 possible1 & especially put ! %r9k+ & emb>rass$ visitor at once at ease4 8,ref]5ce "w 9 libr>ies l>ge & small has = its fir/ rule3 ,meet ! inquir] m ?an half way4 ,to ! /rang] a libr>y is (t5 an oppressive place1 an awesome place--9 8 imag9ation4 ,he comes 9 %yly2 ev]yone appe>s busy1 8 "q sudd5ly seems to him trivial2 he won't tr\ble ^! wise & busy p ) x--& goes out4 8,a good second rule is3 ,le>n at once j exactly :at ! inquir] wi%es to "k4 ,?is is n always easy4 ,tact & a little pati5ce w g5]ally effect x4 8,a ?ird good rule is3 ,:5ev] possible %[ ! inquir] h[ ! answ] is f\nd1 s t he may next "t 9 "s measure help himself4 ,x is surpris+ h[ _m1 especially ( ! y\ng] p 9 a community1 c be taught )9 "o ye>1 on _! occasional visits1 to make ! prop] use ( at lea/ a few ref]5ce books4 8,ano!r rule ( v good application is3 ,g fir/ to a diction>y4 ,9 _m cases a "q answ]s itself1 or betrays :]e its answ] may be/ be f\nd1 if x is once pla9ly /at$4 ,& no?+ is bett] ?an ref]5ce to a few words 9 a diction>y = ! cle> /atem5t ( a "q4 ,! l>g] diction>ies1 & notably ! ,c5tury1 w answ] _m m inquiries ?an ev5 great read]s (t5 suppose40--,john ,cotton ,dana1 9 8 8,libr>y prim]0 & else:]e4 ,ref]5ce ,books4--,9 help+ to answ] an inquiry or to f9d mat]ial on a subject1 ! fir/ "q 9 ! m9d ( ! ref]5ce assi/ant %\ld be1 n :]e1 or 9 :at p>ticul> book1 %all ,i f9d ! in=mation1 b r3 ,9 :at k9d ( a book1 or 9 :at class ( books8 ,:ile x is necess>y t ! assi/ant %\ld e>ly become acqua9t$ ) ! mo/ important or mo/ conv5i5t works ( ref]5ce on ! v>i\s subjects ( g5]al int]e/ x is especially desirable to "k ! po9t ( view ( ! inquir]1 & :at sort ( books1 :e!r ref]5ce or rese>*1 w be ne$$4 ,ref]5ce books--mean+ ready ref]5ce books--may be g5]ally divid$ into two great classes3 ,diction>ies & ,encyclop$ias4 ,! fir/ includes ^? works :i* treat ( words us$ z language2 _! mean+1 hi/ory1 pronunciation & use4 ,! second class treats ( subjects1 su* z c\ntries1 m51 animals1 sci5ces1 arts1 trades & sub/ances2 _! "*1 hi/ory1 di/ribution1 etc4 ,9 bo? ( ^! classes ! arrangem5t ( ! matt] is g5]ally alphabetical4 ,! t]m 8diction>y0 is frequ5tly us$ = a cyclop$ia ( a special subject1 z 9 ! case ( diction>ies ( biography1 antiquities & ar*itecture4 ,books ( facts1 almanacs1 ye>books & c5sus returns1 belong to ?is class4 ,( ! g5]al1 or univ]sal encyclop$ias1 devot$ to all classes ( subjects )\t reg>d to c\ntry1 age1 or "*1 e public or s*ool libr>y1 no matt] h[ small1 %\ld h at lea/ "o1 & ! l>g] libr>ies %\ld possess sev]al1 z !y diff] consid]ably 9 _! treatm5t ( ! subjects4 ,encyclop$ias publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,engl&1 ,france & ,g]many1 :ile treat+ ( matt]s ( int]e/ 9 all ^! c\ntries1 w\ld naturally favor _! own nationality & include subjects 9 :i* _! imm$iate read]s w\ld be mo/ int]e/$4 ,a ?ird class1 to :i* ! g5]al "n ( bibliography is usually giv51 includes n only ! indexes to ! lit]ature ( a subject b catalogs ( libr>ies1 special collections1 select$ li/s1 etc4 ,frequ5tly ^! are ! books to be consult$ fir/1 z !y direct ! se>*] to works & articles ( f> m importance ?an any ( ! g5]al ready ref]5ce books4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important & useful books ) :i* ! ref]5ce assi/ant %\ld become acqua9t$ is ,miss ,kroeg]'s 8,guide to ! /udy & use ( ref]5ce books10 7,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,publi%+ bo>d1 #aijh2 ,supplem5t1 by ,isadore ,g4 ,mudge1 #aiaj74 ,x is divid$ into classes by =mal subjects1 b ! annotations to ! titles includ$ are g5]ally suffici5t to %[ ! "* ( ! works1 & to :at k9d ( ne$s !y w\ld be be/ adapt$4 ,! ,mi*igan ,/ate bo>d ( ,libr>y ,commission]s has publi%$ a h&y 8,annotat$ li/ ( ref]5ce books = s*ool & public libr>ies10 #aiaj1 :i* w be f\nd useful by ^? 9 *>ge ( small] libr>ies4 ,!re are c]ta9 ready ref]5ce books :i* %\ld be )9 rea* ( e read+ room assi/ant & ) :i* all %\ld be famili>4 ,among ^! ! foll[+ may be m5tion$3 ,bak]1 ,e4 ,a4 ,a guide to ! be/ fiction 9 ,engli%4 ,new ed4 ,n4 ,y4 ,macmillan4 #aiac4 #e4ej4 ,bliss1 ,w4 ,d4 ,p4 & ,b9d]1 ,r4 ,m4 ,new encyclop$ia ( social re=m4 ,new ed4 ,n4 ,y4 ,funk4 #aijh4 #g4ej4 ,am]ican ye> book4 ,n4 ,y4 ,appleton4 #aiaj-;date4 #c4ej4 ,annual4 ,/atesman's ye> book4 ,n4 ,y4 ,macmillan4 #c4 ,annual4 ,:itak]1 ,joseph4 ,almanack4 ,lond4 ,:itak]4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,annual4 ,_w almanac4 ,n4 ,y4 ,! ,n4 ,y4 ,_w4 #be;c pap]4 ,annual4 ,*ri/y1 ,rob]t4 ,prov]bs1 maxims & phrases ( all ages4 ,n4 ,y4 ,putnam4 #aije4 #b v4 9 #a4 #b4ej4 ,hopk9s1 ,a4 ,a4 ,sci5tific ,am]ican cyclop$ia ( =mulas4 ,n4 ,y4 ,munn4 #aiaa4 #e4jj4 ,k5t1 ,william4 ,me*anical eng9e]'s pocket-book4 ,ed4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,wiley4 #aiaj4 #e4 ,trautw9e1 ,j4 ,c4 ,civil eng9e]'s pocket-book4 ,ed4 #ai4 ,n4 ,y4 ,wiley4 #aiaa4 #e4 ,/&>d h&book = electrical eng9e]s4 ,ed4 #c4 ,rev4 & enl4 ,n4 ,y4 ,mc,graw4 #aiaj4 #d4 ,b>tlett1 ,john4 ,famili> quotations4 ,ed4 #i4 ,bo/4 ,little4 #aiaa4 #c4 ,grang]1 ,edi?4 ,index to poetry & recitations4 ,*ic4 ,mc,clurg4 #aijd4 #e4 ,hoyt1 ,j4 ,k4 ,cyclop$ia ( practical quotations2 ,engli%1 ,lat91 & mod]n =eign languages4 ,new ed4 enl4 ,n4 ,y4 ,funk4 #ahif4 #f4 ,s*auffl]1 ,r4 ,h4 ,our ,am]ican holidays4 ,n4 ,y4 ,m(fat4 #a a vol4 ,a volume on ea* ( ! important holidays3 ,arbor ,day1 ,*ri/mas1 ,flag ,day1 ,indep5d5ce ,day1 ,l9coln's ,bir?day1 ,memorial ,day1 ,?anksgiv+ & ,wa%+ton's ,bir?day4 ,wal%1 ,w4 ,s4 ,int]national encyclop$ia ( prose & poetical quotations4 ,phil4 ,w9/on4 #aijh4 #c4 ,brew]1 ,e4 ,c4 ,hi/oric note-book3 ) an app5dix on battles4 ,phil4 ,lipp9cott4 #ahia4 #c4ej4 ,haydn1 ,joseph4 ,diction>y ( dates & univ]sal in=mation relat+ to all ages & nations4 ,ed4 #bd4 ,n4 ,y4 ,putnam4 #aijf4 #f4 ,l>n$1 ,j4 ,n4 ,hi/ory = ready ref]5ce f ! be/ hi/orians & speciali/s4 ,rev4 & enl4 ed4 ,spr+field 7,mass47 ,ni*ols4 #aija-aiaj4 #g v4 #ce4 ,ploetz1 ,k>l4 ,epitome ( anci5t1 m$iaeval & mod]n hi/ory3 tr4 & enl4 by ,w4 ,h4 ,till+ha/1 ) additions cov]+ rec5t ev5ts4 ,bo/4 ,h\ghton4 #aije4 #c4 ,peck1 ,h4 ,t4 ,h>p]'s diction>y ( classical lit]ature & antiquities4 ,n4 ,y4 ,am]ican ,book ,co4 #ahig4 #f4 ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 portrait index2 index to portraits conta9$ 9 pr9t$ books & p]iodicals4 ,wa%4 ,lib4 ( ,cong4 #aijf4 #c4 ,?omas1 ,joseph4 ,univ]sal pron\nc+ diction>y ( biography & my?ology4 ,phil4 ,lipp9cott4 #aija4 #b v4 #ae4 ,:o's :o4 ,n4 ,y4 ,macmillan4 #b4ej n4 ,annual4 ,appleton's cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican biography4 ,n4 ,y4 ,appleton4 #ahhh-aijj4 #g v4 #cf4 ,:o's :o 9 ,am]ica2 a biographical diction>y4 ,*ic4 ,m>quis4 #d4 ,bi5nial4 ,m\lton1 ,c4 ,w4 ,libr>y ( lit]>y criticism ( ,engli% & ,am]ican au?ors4 ,buffalo4 ,m\lton pub4 co4 #aija-je4 #h v4 #e4 a vol4 ,h>p]'s encyclop$ia ( ,u4 ,s4 ,hi/ory f #deh ,a4 ,d4 to #aijb4 ,n4 ,y4 ,h>p]4 #aijb4 #aj v4 #ca4 ,poole's ,index & ! ,read]'s ,guide4--,9 #ahdh ,william ,f4 ,poole1 at t "t a junior at ,yale1 & libr>ian ( "o ( ! und]graduate lit]>y societies1 began index+ by topics su* magaz9es z 7 available 8= ! purpose ( help+ /ud5ts 9 ! prep>ation ( _! writt5 ex]cises & society discussions40 ,mr4 ,poole _h notic$ t ! sets ( /&>d p]iodicals ) :i* ! libr>y 0 well suppli$ 7 n us$1 al?\gh !y 7 replete ) in=mation on subjects ab\t :i* inquiries 7 made 9 va9 e day4 ,mr4 ,poole's manuscript index soon %[$ s]i\s signs ( we> & 9 ord] to pres]ve x rec\rse 0 _h to pr9t+4 ,an edition ( #ejj copies1 pr9t$ 9 #ahdh 0 soon exhau/$1 & 9 #ahec an edition ( #ajjj ( a mu* enl>g$ index 0 publi%$4 ,mr4 ,poole's increas+ duties z libr>ian ( ! ,bo/on ,a!naeum1 & lat] ( ! public libr>ies ( ,c9c9nati & ,*icago1 left him no leisure = c>ry+ on ! index1 & s at ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association 9 #ahgf he propos$ t ! "w be c>ri$ on by co-op]ation4 ,?is plan 0 adopt$ & ) ,mr4 ,poole z editor-9-*ief & ,mr4 ,w4 ,i4 ,flet*] z assi/ant & ) ! coop]ation ( "s fifty libr>ies ! "w 0 c>ri$ on until ,mr4 ,poole's dea? 9 #ahid4 ,! fir/ volume ( ?is coop]ative v5ture appe>$ 9 #ahhb1 ) supplem5ts 9 #ahhh1 #ahic1 #ahig1 #aijc1 & #aijh1 aft] :i* ! publication 0 susp5d$4 ,9 #aija ! ,h4 ,w4 ,wilson ,company ( ,m9neapolis began ! publication ( a mon?ly 8,read]s' guide to ,p]iodical lit]ature10 ) ! view to supply+ ! ne$s ( ! v small libr>ies4 ,x 0 to be cumulat$ qu>t]ly & x increas$ rapidly 9 scope4 ,9 #aijc !re 0 incorporat$ ) x ! 8,cumulative index to p]iodicals0 :i* _h be5 publi%$ 9 ,clevel& = sev]al ye>s4 ,two five-ye> cumulations cov]+ #aijj-jd & #aije-ji h be5 publi%$ & h gr[n rapidly 9 favor4 ,?is publication w h5ce=w>d cont9ue ! "w ( ! ,poole ,index4 ,public ,docum5ts4--,among ! s\rces ( reliable in=mation mo/ priz$ by ! prop]ly tra9$ desk att5dant mu/ be reckon$ ! v>i\s s]ies ( docum5ts publi%$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 ,:ile hi!rto _m depository libr>ies h be5 swamp$ ) ! output ( ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice = :i* ! libr>ies c\ld n provide prop] %elf-room1 ! libr>ies are n[1 by a process ( selection & elim9ation1 com+ to le>n :at volumes are ( mo/ use to _! p>ticul> cli5tele4 ,x is bett] = a small libr>y to buy ^! f ! ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice ?an to h a :ole lot ( docum5ts = :i* !y h no call dump$ d[n on !m4 ,among ! ,unit$ ,/ates docum5ts ! foll[+ w be f\nd ! mo/ useful = ! av]age public libr>y3 ,congressional record4 ,b\nd volumes2 conta9 daily proce$+s ( ,congress4 ,if ! daily edition is procurable x ought to be fil$ ) ! daily newspap]s4 ,an index is issu$ e two weeks1 &1 ) ! b\nd volume1 "o = ! entire session4 ,obta9able ?r\gh ! local ,congressman4 ,c5sus ,bureau4 ,reports & bullet9s4 ,cotton g9n+ reports4 ,conta9 comp>ative tables ( ! am\nt ( cotton g9n$ f ! crops gr[n4 ,=e/ products4 ,?is publication %[s /ati/ics on lumb] & timb] products4 ,tobacco reports4 ,special reports4 ,complete /ati/ical reports on subjects ( great importance4 ,! ab/ract ( ! c5sus is an exce$+ly useful ref]5ce manual supplem5t+ ! annual /ati/ical ab/ract4 ,/ati/ical ab/ract ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a compreh5sive manual ( g5]al in=mation issu$ annually4 ,advance edition 9 pap] b9d+ available ?r\gh ,congressman4 ,civil ,s]vice ,commission4 ,reports4 ,adm9i/rative & /ati/ical1 ) discussion ( public que/ions com+ )9 ! scope ( ! ,commission4 ,commission] ( ,education4 ,reports & bullet9s4 ,embody ! results ( ! ,commission]'s inve/igations & labors1 ) /ati/ics & special articles1 & recomm5dations :i* w promote ! purpose = :i* ! (fice 0 e/abli%$4 ,:ile *iefly devot$ to ! educational sy/em ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !re are pap]s on important educational movem5ts 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,! bullet9s include ! annual bibliography ( ,education4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,ye>book4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ & valuable comp5d ( sci5tific k1 practically appli$ to agricultural life4 ,x conta9s also mu* /ati/ical in=mation ( use to f>m]s & o!rs4 ,x has be5 issu$ annually1 beg9n+ ) #ahid1 & has become v widely kn[n4 ,f>m]s' bullet9s & bullet9s ( ! ,wea!r ,bureau1 ,=e/ry1 ,plant ,indu/ry1 ,*emi/ry1 ,entomology1 etc4 ,! ,f>m]s' bullet9s give brief popul> articles 9 simple concise language on a great v>iety ( topics4 ,ov] six & a half million copies ( ^! bullet9s are issu$ annually4 ,commission] ( ,labor4 ,reports & bullet9s4 ,give in=mation z to labor & economic problems at home & abroad4 ,to be _h free ( *>ge ^u application4 ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,select li/ ( ref]5ces on v>i\s subjects4 ,g5]al publications4 ,smi?sonian ,in/itution4 ,national ,museum4 ,reports4 ,annual4 ,adm9i/rative report on ! progress & condition ( ! ,museum4 ,! ,congressional edition be>s ! same docum5t numb] z ! ,smi?sonian report1 ?\gh ! law calls = sep>ate publication4 ,! e>li] volumes conta9$ a numb] ( articles on ,am]ican ar*aeology1 b ! g5]al app5dix ( sci5tific pap]s has n be5 pr9t$ s9ce #aijd4 ,bureau ( ,e?nology4 ,reports & bullet9s4 ,reports4 ,annual4 ,conta9 collections ( illu/rat$ pap]s1 relat+ to ! habits1 cu/oms1 languages1 folk-lore1 religi\s c]emonials1 etc41 ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 ,bullet9s4 ,pap]s relat+ to ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 ,simil> to ! annual reports 9 "* & cont5ts4 ,geological ,survey4 ,maps4 ,geologic atlas ( ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,issu$ 9 p>ts or folios z surveys are complet$ = v>i\s areas4 ,ea* folio comprises topographic1 geologic1 economic1 & /ructural maps ( ! quadrangle1 & occasionally o!r illu/rations1 ) a g5]al description4 ,bullet9s4 ,cov] a wide range ( geologic inve/igation4 ,monographs4 ,compreh5sive & exhau/ive treatises on geologic subjects4 ,(ficial gazette ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice4 ,(ficial po/al guide4 ,private publication1 au?oriz$ by ,po/ ,(fice ,dep>tm5t4 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 ,j4 ,b4 ,lyon ,co41 #c4ej p] ye>4 ,congressional directory4 ,= ! curr5t session ( ,congress4 ,sev]al editions embody+ *anges & corrections are issu$ dur+ ea* session ( ,congress4 ,g5]al biographical directory ( ,congress1 #aggd-aiaa4 ,(ficial regi/] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! li/ ( ,am]ican & ,engli% g5ealogies 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 #aiaj2 also1 ,heads ( families1 #agij1 9 ! ?irte5 orig9al /ates4 ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,jeff]son's ,manual & ,rules ( proc$ure = ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,heitman's ,diction>y ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates army1 #aghi-aijc4 ,ham]sly's ,regi/] ( ! graduates ( ,we/ ,po9t1 cont9u$ to #aijj4 ,/ate ,docum5ts4--,9 addition to ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,docum5ts ref]r$ to above !re are a numb] ( ,/ate ,docum5ts :i* w prove especially helpful z ref]5ce s\rces 9 a public libr>y4 ,!y are g5]ally to be secur$ ?r\gh ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & = ,mi*igan ! foll[+ might be specifi$3 ,con/itutional ,conv5tion1 #aijg-h1 ,j\rnal & ,debates 7#d vols74 ,! ,j\rnal conta9s comp>ative text ( ! ,con/itutions ( #aijh & #ahej4 ,compil$ ,laws1 & index1 #ahig 7#d vols471 & ,index to ! ,compil$ ,laws & ,acts to #aijf4 ,legislature4 ,j\rnals ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,public & ,local ,acts at ! bi5nial sessions aft] #ahig4 ,mi*igan ,manual4 ,(ficial directory & legislative manual compil$ by ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,bi5nial4 ,conta9s /ati/ical in=mation prep>$ especially = ! memb]s ( ! ,legislature1 ) maps ( legislative di/ricts1 li/s ( /ate (fic]s1 etc4 ,desirable 9 e libr>y4 ,c5sus ( ,mi*igan4 #aijd & e t5 ye>s4 ,/ate ,pione] & ,hi/orical ,collections1 annual volumes4 ,reports ( ! foll[+3 ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture ,commission] ( ,bank+ ,dep>tm5t ,bo>d ( ,corrections & ,*>ities ,dairy & ,food ,commission] ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,heal? ,commission] ( ,insurance ,bureau ( ,labor & ,indu/rial ,/ati/ics ,commission] ( ,railroads ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 & ,bullet9s ,/ate ,libr>y--& ,/ate ,libr>y ,commission4 ,loan ,sy/ems4--,! function ( ! loan dep>tm5t has be5 ?us def9$3 8,to give to ! read] ! books he wants to take home & to make sure t he w return !m promptly = ! sake ( o!r read]s40 ,to ?is end a sy/ematic record ( books loan$ is kept4 ,?is record may be made to answ] c]ta9 que/ions :i* arise 9 diff]5t k9ds ( libr>ies4 7#a7 ,:at books are due on a c]ta9 day8 ,?is is ! 8"t record40 ,x is ! record usually kept & is necess>y to insure ! libr>y aga9/ loss & to safegu>d ! int]e/s ( ! community4 7#b7 ,:at books are out1 or1 is a c]ta9 book out8 ,:o has x & :5 is x due8 ,x is ! 8book record0 & ?is k9d ( a record is kept 9 mo/ college libr>ies4 7#c7 ,:at books does a c]ta9 p]son h out8 ,?is is call$ ! 8read]s or borr[]s record40 ,al?\gh "s libr>ies keep all ?ree ( ^! records1 _m keep only two & ! majority only "o4 ,x is n possible to say t !re is "o be/ *>g+ sy/em al?\gh "s =m ( ! ,new>k or ! ,br[n sy/em is commonly us$4 ,all sy/ems require a regi/] ( ! 8borr[]s10 kept ei!r num]ically 9 a book or alphabetically on c>ds or bo?4 ,"s libr>ies require a sponsor or gu>antor = ea* "o draw+ books1 b ?is is go+ out ( favor & only an id5tification is dem&$4 ,:5 ! libr>y is small or ! patronage is l>ge x is cu/om>y to limit ! numb] ( volumes a p]son c h out at "o "t to two1 "o volume ( fiction & "o non-fiction4 ,^! volumes c be kept f sev5 to f\rte5 days ) ! privilege ( r5ew+ !m = an equal l5g? ( "t4 ,o!r libr>ies give mu* m fre$om 9 ! numb] ( books "o p]son may draw & 9 ! l5g? ( "t !y may be reta9$4 ,mo/ *>g+ sy/ems require t ea* book 9 ! libr>y be fitt$ ) a pocket into :i* is slipp$ a 8book c>d0 on :i* may appe> ! au?or & title ( ! book1 ! class & book numb]s & ! accession numb]4 ,:5 ! book is drawn out ?is c>d is remov$ f ! book & is kept 9 ! libr>y4 ,on x may be ent]$ ! borr[]'s "n or numb] & ! date ! book is drawn or to be return$4 ,a c>d may also be issu$ to ea* read] = purposes ( id5tification or to aid 9 *>g+ ! book4 ,su* a c>d is a 8read]'s c>d0 or 8borr[]'s c>d40 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,b9d+ ,,& ,,c>e ,,( ,,libr>y ,,books4 ,libr>y ,b9d+4--,! av]age libr>y is sp5d+ ab\t six p]c5t ( its total income on b9d+4 ,! new] & small] libr>ies sp5d less because _! books h n yet come to ne$ ! b9d]'s att5tion4 ,! old] & l>g] libr>ies sp5d m because ( ! l>ge numb] ( books ne$+ to be reb\nd & ! num]\s p]iodicals tak54 ,! ess5tials ( good libr>y b9d+ are durability1 flexibility1 neatness1 high grade ( mat]ials & suitability ( /yle4 ,libr>y bookb9d+ is di/9ct f ! ord9>y ma*9e made 8case0 or publi%]'s clo? b9d+ & ! decorative b9d+ favor$ by bibliophiles & amateurs4 ,! weak po9ts 9 mod]n book mak+ are poor pap]1 imp]fect sew+1 poor atta*m5t ( ! book to ! cov]1 lack ( flexibility 9 ! back & jo9t1 p]i%able lea!r & clo? us$ 9 ! b9d+4 ,! results are t leaves become loos5$1 ! jo9ts brok5 & ! l9+s ( ! holl[ backs come (f & ! bo>ds sep>ate4 ,! pres5t t5d5cy is to /r5g!n weak jo9ts by us+ d\ble bo>ds1 ins]t+ betwe5 !m ! l9+s & tapes on :i* ! book is sewn4 ,mu* ( ! durability ( a b9d+ dep5ds ^u ! quality ( glue us$4 ,! co/ ( glue us$ on a book _c always be det]m9$ by ! price paid p] p\nd1 s9ce ! *eap] glue w n cov] z mu* surface z ! high] grade glue :i* absorbs m wat]4 ,! *eap article is a great detrim5t to ! life ( ! pap]1 ! free op5+ ( ! book & ! flexibility ( ! back4 8,flexible glue0 z made 9 ?is c\ntry is a misnom]4 ,to say ! lea/ x is n all t ! manufactur]s claim = x4 ,lea!r4--,! old say+ t !re is no?+ l lea!r = we> no long] holds true4 ,mod]n lea!r is mu* less durable ?an old lea!r4 ,mod]n lea!r b9d+s decay ma9ly because ( improp] me?ods ( tann+1 ! use ( dri$ & cur$ sk9s ( inf]ior quality2 ! use ( acids & o!r injuri\s ag5ts 9 ! blea*+ & dye+ processes1 ! removal ( ! natural oils & ! splitt+ & artificial gra9+ ( ! sk9s4 ,r$ & "s %ades ( br[n are ! colors f\nd to be mo/ durable4 ,_m ( ! bright color$ dyes seem to ha/5 decay4 ,lea!rs t look alike may we> v diff]5tly4 ,names appli$ to v>i\s grades mean less & less4 ,! exp]i5ce ( rec5t ye>s ) ! lea!rs us$ 9 book b9d+ has l$ libr>ians to a wid] use ( book clo?s ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,clo?4--,! clo?s mo/ 9 favor are 7#a7 buckram1 :i* if made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 is a /rong cotton clo?1 suitable = books ( av]age size subject to a fair am\nt ( we>4 ,! 8libr>y buckram10 made by ! ,holli/on ,mills1 ,norwood1 ,mass41 & ! 8legal buckram10 made by ! ,joseph ,bancr(t ,sons ,co41 ( ,wilm+ton1 ,del41 are made accord+ to ! specifications drawn up by ! ,bureau ( ,/&>ds = use on gov]nm5t docum5ts4 7#b7 ,duck1 or canvas1 is ! heavie/ clo? us$ 9 b9d+ & is especially advis$ = newspap]s & heavy p]iodicals :i* are seldom us$4 7#c7 ,imp]ial morocco clo? is frequ5tly us$ on fiction & juv5iles4 ,x does n take lett]+ z easily z ! buckram4 7#d7 ,k]atol is a wa%able clo? :i* is us$ by "s b9d]s on ! sides ( fiction & juv5iles b\nd 9 half lea!r4 ,x %\ld nev] be us$ = full b9d+4 ,pres]vation4--,b9d+s %\ld n be expos$ to ! direct rays ( ! sun & ! temp]ature ( ! build+ %\ld n exce$ #gj degrees ,fahr5heit4 ,good v5tilation is a great aid to book pres]vation4 ,dampness affects injuri\sly bo? ! b9d+ & pap]4 ,if lea!r b\nd books are h&l$ mu* ! oil f ! h&s keeps ! lea!r 9 fair condition4 ,= lea!r books n (t5 consult$1 ! necess>y oil %\ld be suppli$ by application4 ,vasel9e has be5 us$ ) success1 b a m g5]ally satisfactory pres]vative is ! foll[+3 ,pure ca/or-oil ) "o half ( its weight ( p>aff9 wax heat$ 9 an e>!n j> until ! wax melts4 ,apply ) a flannel clo?1 pay+ special att5tion to ! backs & jo9ts4 ,use sp>+ly b rub ?or\ghly4 ,!n wipe ) a clean flannel4 ,c>e ( ,books4--,9 ord] to insure ! prop] h&l+ ( books by ! public1 ! /aff mu/ set a good example 9 ?is respect4 ,c>e %\ld be us$ 9 op5+ a new book s z to loos5 b n break ! jo9ts ( ! b9d+4 ,c>eless cutt+ ( ! leaves produces a ragg$ appe>ance :i* is n conducive to increas$ respect = ! volume1 aft] x gets out into circulation4 ,suitable pap] cutt]s ) smoo? dull edges %\ld be provid$ & no?+ else us$4 ,don't tru/ ! public to cut ! leaves ( new books or magaz9es4 ,_m reputable p are worse ?an c>eless 9 ?is matt]4 ,books %\ld n be pil$ up v high1 nor w$g$ into ov]cr[d$ %elves4 ,!y mu/ be kept dry4 ,dampness is de/ructive to bo? pap] & b9d+4 ,d n turn books face d[nw>ds :5 op51 nor all[ o!rs to d s )\t politely call+ _! att5tion to ?is piece ( ?\ghtlessness4 ,books %\ld be us$ = read+ & = no?+ else4 ,op5 !m g5tly & try n to let !m fall4 ,d n try to c>ry too _m at "o "t4 ,cleanl9ess is a great help to book pres]vation4 ,a habit ( con/ant wat*fulness = books ne$+ repairs %\ld be develop$ by e memb] ( ! /aff4 8,a /it* 9 "t saves n9e0 9 a libr>y if any:]e4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,"w ,,) ,,*ildr54 ,! prop] age = a *ild to become a patron ( ! libr>y is ! age :5 he has ! incl9ation to visit ! libr>y1 possibly ) old] bro!rs & si/]s1 to look at picture books1 he> /ories told1 & 9 case he is too "y to be responsible = a borr[]'s c>d1 occasionally to induce ! old] bro!rs & si/]s to take home a book = 8 use4 ,a *ild's fir/ read+ is by means ( pictures & 8 fir/ introduction to lit]ature ?r\gh /ories told or read al\d1 & ev5 z e>ly z ! picture book p]iod ! libr>y has ! responsibility ( supply+ ! *ild's ne$ & desire = exp]i5ce ?r\gh books & ( develop+ 8 ta/e by putt+ be=e him ! be/4 ,! *ild :o gr[s up ) ! libr>y w be a m intellig5t & appreciative us] ( ! adult dep>tm5t ?an he w\ld be _h he gr[n up )\t ! libr>y4 ,! *ildr5 %\ld h a place ( _! own :]e !y c f9d t :i* is = !m1 be some:at out ( ! way ( adult patrons & feel a s5se ( own]%ip1 feel t "s "p ( ! libr>y belongs to !m4 ,9 ! small libr>y1 if a sep>ate *ildr5's room is n a possibility1 let !re be at lea/ a corn] fitt$ up z ! *ildr5's doma94 ,let x be made attractive = !m4 ,if possible1 h ! %elv+ l[] ?an ord9>y1 or p]haps ! regulation height ) ! two upp] %elves bo>d$ up & cov]$ ) cork c>pet1 mak+ a frieze on :i* c be po/$ tempor>y sets ( pictures4 ,a frieze space c be utiliz$ 9 a numb] ( ways4 ,by all means h at lea/ "o l[ table ) *airs to correspond2 ! ideal way is to h two heights ( tables1--ab\t #bc & #bg in*es ) *airs #ac & #ae in*es 9 height4 ,l[ racks = picture books & ! magaz9es = *ildr5 are conv5i5t & attractive4 ,a space = picture bullet9s or illu/rat$ read+ li/s is useful z a means ( attract+ att5tion to fre% int]e/ 9 read+1 to mat]ial on popul> subjects1 or to neglect$ classes ( books4 ,if fram$ pictures c be af=d$1 !re are good pr9ts1 li?ographs & photographs :i*1 if c>efully *os51 c be bo? decorative & educational f ! /&po9t ( art1 z well z pleas+ 9 !mselves to ! *ildr54 ,!re %\ld be1 if possible1 at lea/ "o picture or reproduction ( sculpture repres5t+ a "w ( art ( p]man5t value4 ,! books = ! y\nge/ *ildr5 repres5t a di/9ct class ( read+ & %\ld be sep>at$ f ! o!rs 9 ord] t ! little *ildr5 ne$ n se>* ?r\gh ! :ole collection to f9d _! own4 ,x is be/ to %elve ?is collection ne> ! picture books on ! "o h& & ! fairy tales on ! o!r1 ?us all[+ ! *ildr5 to f9d ! next /ep at h&4 ,rules4--,x %\ld be rememb]$ t rules & discipl9e are = ! moral b5efit ( ! *ildr5 ev5 m ?an = ! protection ( ! libr>y & x is wise to make rules only z !y are f\nd necess>y1 b once made1 let !m be en=c$4 ,! key note ( successful discipl9e is sympa?y ) *ild nature4 ,?r\gh p]sonal1 p]si/5t "w a desir$ atmosph]e ( ord] becomes to a great ext5t e/abli%$ & ob$i5ce to unwritt5 laws a habit1 al?\gh ea* individual case requir+ discipl9e may require individual treatm5t1 *ildr5 be+ individuals4 ,problems ( racial temp]am5t & social education1 dep5d+ on ! classes ( society ) :i* "o is deal+1 ent] l>gely into all phases ( libr>y "w4 ,"o work+ ) *ildr5 has _m opportunities to become an influ5ce = good 9 _! lives by way ( little c\rtesies & ob$i5ce to laws ( ord] & fairness1 :i* are taught z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,rules gov]n+ f9es = ov]due & damag$ books mu/ be decid$ accord+ to ! policy ( individual libr>ies4 ,x is n good = *ildr5 to feel t a f9e c be outlaw$2 bett] remit x = suffici5t reasons or try ! plan ( all[+ !m1 9 c]ta9 cases1 to "w out ! f9e1--a plan :i* has be5 f\nd satisfactory 9 "s libr>ies4 ,a damag$ book %\ld nev] be pass$ )\t notice4 ,books = *ildr54--,! great purpose ( libr>y "w ) *ildr5 is to attract ! *ildr5 to books3 satisfy+ individual ne$s & dem&s1 & guid+ _! read+4 ,h5ce1 ! two mo/ important requisites = ! *ildr5's libr>ian are a k ( *ildr5 & ( books1 & if !re is b "o ?+ %e c d by way ( prep>ation = ?is "w1 let x be t ( becom+ acqua9t$ ) a few *ildr5's books repres5tative ( v>i\s types4 ,no?+ c take ! place ( fir/ h& k ( ! books & ( intellig5ce 9 plac+ ! "r book 9 ! h&s ( ! "r *ild at ! "r "t4 ,to be capable ( guid+ ! read+ ( *ildr5 x is necess>y = "o1 fir/1 to h appreciation & disc]nm5t 9 adult lit]ature1 second1 to ga9 ! *ild's po9t ( view4 ,! v>i\s pr9t$ book li/s are helpful1 b ! libr>ian %\ld dep5d ^u h] own judgm5t z f9al critic 9 ! selection ( books = h] *ildr5's collection4 ,%e mu/ realize ! qualities ess5tial to p>ticul> classes ( books1 su* z hi/ory1 & biography1 sci5ce1 travel1 fiction1 & ! qualities :i* make !m suitable = *ildr54 ,9 ! matt] ( books ( sci5ce1 etc41 x is always be/ to obta9 ! judgm5t ( "s au?ority 9 ?is l9e z to _! accuracy4 ,z to _! suitability = *ildr5 9 pres5tation1--simplicity ( treatm5t & int]e/ ( /yle1--! work] ) *ildr5 is /ill ! be/ judge4 ,! /ory /yle ( pres5t+ sci5ce is1 z a g5]al ?+1 ( little use4 ,*ildr5 c take _! in=mative read+ 9 a /raight=w>d way4 ,no?+ is m disappo9t+ to !m ?an to take a book = ! sake ( ! /ory & f9d t x is only in=mation ) a /ory cov]+1 or to se>* = "s def9ite in=mation & be con/antly h9d]$ by ! n>rative4 ,z to ! real lit]ature = *ildr51 or ! /ory1 p]haps !re is no sur] way ( ga9+ discrim9ation ?an by read+ "s ( ! classics = *ildr5 & "s ( ! /&>d fiction2 e4 g41 a few ( ! old favorite folk tales1 my?s1 & su* adaptations = *ildr5 z ,m>v9's ,adv5tures ( ,odysseus & ,fr5*'s ,h]oes ( ,icel&2 books ( fiction su* z ,pyle's ,m5 ( ,iron1 ,kipl+'s ,capta9s ,c\rage\s1 ,spyri's ,heidi4 ,! *ildr5's collection %\ld be kept well r\nd$ & %\ld conta9 a fair proportion ( good poetry1 *os5 f v>i\s /&po9ts3 all t is *ildlike 9 subject & =m1 mu* t is beyond ! av]age *ild b appreciat$ by ! unusual "o1--poetry *os5 = beauty ( s\nd or *>m ( movem5t4 ,"w ) ,s*ools4--,! libr>y mu/ keep pace ) ! c\rse ( /udy 9 ! s*ools & develop its s*ool ref]5ce "w ) tea*]s & pupils by prov+ its helpfulness4 ,! adult collection w always be f\nd an important help 9 ref]5ce "w4 ,! duplication ( c]ta9 titles to meet ! s*ool dem& = supplem5t>y read+ %\ld be made only z f> z is possible )\t inju/ice to ! *ildr5's room collection z a :ole4 ,! l5d+ ( sets ( books = class room libr>ies is be/ begun ) s*ools at a di/ance too great = ! *ildr5 to walk to ! libr>y to get _! books4 ,^! collections are made up ( ab\t fifty books1 n text books nor requir$ supplem5t>y read+1 b books foll[+ ! l9e ( c]ta9 p>ts ( ! s*ool "w & books ( imag9ative read+4 ,a simple me?od is usually devis$ = /ati/ics ( circulation1 su* z a l>ge c>d = ea* book on :i* is writt5 ! "n ( ! *ild :o is read+ ! book4 ,/ory ,h\rs4--,! /ory h\r is an ideal way ( pres5t+ ! classic lit]ature4 ,if !re is pl5ty ( "t = /ory h\rs & = prop] prep>ation1 a satisfactory division ( *ildr5 & ( lit]ature is to invite ! y\ng] *ildr5 to he> ! folk tales & o!r lit]ature suit$ to _! age1 b n to h an age limit exclud+ old] *ildr5 :o w\ld enjoy com+ & p]haps h nev] he>d ^! /ories2 ! *ildr5 ( t5 ye>s & ov] be+ invit$ to he> ,greek & ,norse my?s & cycles1 su* z ! sagas1 ! m$iaeval leg5ds1 ballads1 /ories f ,hom]1 etc41 & miscellane\s /ories suit$ to _! age4 ,! /ories :i* come to u f ! folk lit]ature & o!r classic s\rces are to a great ext5t univ]sal 9 int]e/ & appeal to all classes & nationalities ( *ildr54 ,"o /ory h\r p] week is (t5 z mu* z ! small libr>y has "t = & no /ory h\r at all is pref]able to ! tell+ ( /ories poorly prep>$1 or told by "o )\t appreciation4 ,poetry h\rs & clubs = read+1 debat+1 travel /udy1 etc41 are important me?ods ( int]e/+1 inspir+ & guid+ *ildr54 ,! love ( poetry may be kept alive by giv+ x orally & = pure joy 9 ! /ory h\r1 read+ circles or occasional read+s to small gr\ps4 ,visits to ! homes ( ! *ildr5 = "o reason or ano!r1 & visits to ! s*ool rooms to tell /ories1 to rem9d ! *ildr5 ( ! libr>y1 or m]ely to %[ an int]e/ 9 ! "w ( ! diff]5t grades1 w prove fruitful 9 _m ways4 ,%ort pr9t$ li/s ( books on diff]5t subjects are useful 9 sugge/+ new l9es ( read+ to *ildr54 ,x is ! privilege ( ! libr>ian to enri* ! lives ( h] y\?ful patrons4 ,!re are comp5sations = ^? 9 *>ge ( small libr>ies1 :]e a tra9$ *ildr5's libr>ian _c be af=d$1 9 opportunities = a great] %>e 9 ! joy ( work+ ) ! receptive ?\ght ( ! *ild1 :ile ! "w ) p>5ts & tea*]s z well gives deep] insight into ! sympa?y = ! ne$s ( ! *ildr54 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,high ,,s*ool ,,libr>y4 8,!re is no problem relat+ to ! equipm5t ( ! high s*ool :i* is m press+ ?an t ( ! libr>y10 said a rec5t editorial writ] 9 ! ,s*ool ,review4 ,at ! annual meet+ ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y ,association1 9 #aijg1 ,dr4 ,d[n+1 ,/ate ,commission] ( ,education1 sugge/$ t "s special /udy be giv5 to ! "q ( high s*ool libr>ies & a committee 0 lat] appo9t$ to make an inve/igation ( libr>y conditions 9 high s*ools & report at ! annual meet+ 9 ,septemb]1 #aiji4 ,a que/ionnaire 0 s5t to "s eighty-?ree s*ools1 b only a few ( ! replies conta9$ m ?an ! briefe/ answ]s4 ,tw5ty-five out ( ! fifty-two libr>ies he>d f 7 9 *>ge ( libr>ians :o _h "s libr>y exp]i5ce or tra9+4 ,mo/ ( ! libr>ians _h be5 appo9t$ to high s*ool positions s9ce #aijc4 ,! fir/ appo9tm5t ( a high s*ool libr>ian 9 ,new ,york ,city 0 9 #aijj4 ,! inve/igation z a :ole 0 unsatisfactory1 inasmu* z ! high s*ools report+ 7 n repres5tative ( conditions ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate1 mu* less ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry g5]ally1 & because ! replies left mu* unsaid z to ! actual use ( & int]e/ 9 ^! libr>ies4 ,9 a discussion ( 8,! difficulty ( ! high s*ool libr>y10#b ,mr4 ,edw9 ,:ite ,gaill>d1 sup]visor ( "w ) s*ools1 ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 claims t ! problem is l>gely "o ( money & deprecates ! duplication ( "w already be+ done by ! public libr>y4 ,?is is no m ( an argum5t aga9/ high s*ool libr>ies ?an are simil> objections aga9/ dep>tm5tal libr>ies 9 a univ]sity4 ,! high s*ool libr>y is = a special k9d ( "w--"w t c be/ be done 9 ! s*ool build+1 "u ! sup]vision & guidance ( "o famili> ) ! special ne$s ( ! /ud5t4 ,mr4 ,gaill>d grants t mu*1 ( c\rse1 may be le>n$ ab\t libr>ies & libr>y me?ods 9 ! high s*ool libr>y1 b claims t ! libr>y habit1 ! habit ( go+ to ! public libr>y = all sorts ( in=mation1 ( little or ( great int]e/1 _c be acquir$ f ! high s*ool libr>y4 ,?is is a po9t :i* _c be conc$$4 ,univ]sity libr>ians are famili> ) a simil> argum5t aga9/ te*nical dep>tm5tal libr>ies to ! effect t !y h a t5d5cy to make ! te*nical /ud5t feel t !re is no ne$ ( 8 go+ to ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 t ! dep>tm5tal libr>y answ]s all 8 ne$s4 ,exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 proves t to h ^! /ud5ts use any libr>y y mu/ plant x "r 9 _! mid/4 ,s ) ! high s*ool /ud5ts3 give !m a good libr>y 9 _! own s*ool build+ & !n see t !y use x prop]ly1 = ?is is a "p ( mod]n education4 ,9 ^! days :5 high s*ools are ext5d+ _! "w 9 s _m directions & :5 books mu/ be provid$ = supplem5t>y "w 9 ,engli%1 9 hi/ory1 9 ! prep>ation ( debates1 & 9 o!r subjects1 a well-equipp$ libr>y is a necessity 9 ! mod]n high s*ool4 ,a motley array ( old text-books1 out-(-date encyclopdias & miscellane\s volumes f ! attics ( well-mean+ fri5ds ( ! in/itution w n make a good high s*ool libr>y4 ,^u h[ _m s*ool libr>ies 9 ?is c\ntry c =m] pupils look back z did ,burne-,jones ^u ! little s*ool libr>y at ,birm+ham1 z 8t bless$ in/itution :]e we sp5t _m blissful h\rs40 ,! failure ( _m s*ool libr>ies is due to a lack ( prop] c>e & fo/]+ att5tion aft] !y h be5 e/abli%$4 ,! libr>y is !re out ( def]5ce to a gr[+ public s5tim5t 9 favor ( su* an annex1 b ! libr>y is too frequ5tly left to run itself1 or ! responsibility = its c>e is giv5 to "s tea*] already ov]burd5$ ) class-room "w4 ,! responsibility ought nev] to be plac$ on ! tea*]s1 or at lea/ n on "o :o is do+ full "w z a tea*]4 ,! av]age tea*]1 if giv5 *>ge ( a s*ool libr>y1 w conf9e h] ef=ts to see+ t ! rules are obey$1 t books are br\ght 9 on "t1 & t sil5ce & ord] are pres]v$4 ,%e w n h "t or en]gy to devote to ! build+ up ( ! libr>y1 to in/ruct ! pupils 9 its use1 to look aft] ref]5ce "w ) ! /ud5ts1 nor to help ! tea*]s 9 f9d+ ne$$ mat]ial4 8,disabuse y\rselves ( ! notion t x is tea*]s' "w1 & a way out ( ! difficulty w be f\nd10 says a rec5t writ] 9 ! ,libr>y ,j\rnal4#c ,! s*ool libr>y diff]s f ! av]age public libr>y 9 t x is usually a ref]5ce libr>y fir/ & a l5d+ libr>y only s f> z ! use ( its books outside ! build+ does n conflict ) ! usefulness ( its s]vice to ! tea*]s & pupils 9 ! s*ool build+4 ,duties ( ! ,libr>ian4--,! fir/ duty ( ! libr>ian is to make ! books1 photographs1 & o!r possessions ( ! libr>y available by a simple & acceptable sy/em ( classification & catalogu+4 ,aft] ?is has be5 accompli%$ x w be necess>y to make ^! possessions kn[n to ! tea*]s & pupils4 ,?is c only be done by "o :o is famili> ) ! mat]ial & tra9$ 9 its use4 ,if ! ref]5ce "w is done by an untra9$ work] x is a case ( ! bl9d lead+ ! bl9d4 ,a tea*] ) no tra9+ 9 libr>y me?ods w n g to ano!r tea*]1 kn[n to be simil>ly defici5t1 = in=mation 9 reg>d to books1 & ! pupils w get comp>atively little real libr>y help f "o :o is prim>ily a class-room tea*]1 untra9$ to meet all classes ( read]s & answ] a great v>iety ( que/ions4 ,! int]e/$ libr>ian w be on ! look\t = any new books t may be ( use to tea*]s & pupils2 %e w try to keep a balance 9 ! matt] ( books = ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( /udy1 to in=m h]self on curr5t ev5ts &1 9 %ort1 make h]self z useful 9 all l9es ( high s*ool "w z is possible ) ! "t & means at h] disposal4 ,assi/ance = ! ,libr>ian4--,z ! "w ( ! libr>y gr[s x w be necess>y = ! libr>ian to h assi/ance ( "s k9d4 ,! arrangem5t = ?is w dep5d l>gely ^u ! circum/ances 9 ! giv5 s*ool4 ,9 _m s*ools /ud5t assi/ants are employ$4 ,9 "s cases boys are hir$ at a small sum p] h\r to give _! s]vices z pages4 ,9 o!rs good /ud5ts are all[$ to volunte] = libr>y "w1 giv+ "o h\r a day to x4 ,!y enjoy ! "w & f9d _! enl>g$ k ( ! libr>y v useful4 ,9 "s s*ools ! libr>ian is assi/$ by a memb] ( ! tea*+ /aff1 :o ?us becomes famili> ) ! libr>y & acquires "s k ( ref]5ce "w & c assi/ ! pupils 9 v>i\s ways4 ,purposes ( a ,libr>y4--,! purposes ( a s*ool libr>y %\ld be n only to provide laboratory mat]ial = ! pupils' "w 9 lit]ature & hi/ory1 to enable ! tea*] to in/ruct !m 9 ! use ( books z s\rces ( in=mation1 & to assi/ ! tea*] 9 o!r ways1 b also to in/il 9 ! pupils an int]e/ 9 books z books1 to cultivate a ta/e = read+4 ,too _m high s*ool graduates h no conception ( a book1 o!r ?an fiction1 z any?+ b a task or a text4 ,! high s*ool libr>y %\ld n try to compete ) ! public libr>y if !re is "o 9 ! same t[n4 ,lit]ature = recreation pure & simple is bett] suppli$ by ! public libr>y1 :]e x is available = ^? :o are bo? bel[ & above ! high s*ool age4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if !re is no?+ to int]e/ ! /ud5ts by its innate appeal1 if ev]y?+ 9 ! s*ool libr>y sugge/s lessons1 _m ( ! /ud5ts w view x ) suspicion1 & avoid x1 unless s5t !re by ! tea*]s4 ,tea*+ ! ,use ( ! ,libr>y4--,mo/ pupils :5 !y ent] ! high s*ool are ignorant ( ! use ( ! simple/ & mo/ common ref]5ce books4 ,!y d n "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 a table ( cont5ts & an index1 & are s helpless 9 a libr>y t _! tea*]s hesitate to give !m "w outside _! text-books4 ,ev5 ^? :o are be/ in=m$ c be help$ to ! use ( books :i* w be ( ! greate/ assi/ance to !m 9 ! prep>ation ( _! daily lessons1 essays1 & debates4 ,e>ly 9 ! s*ool ye> ! libr>ian ought to meet ! new /ud5ts & expla9 to !m 9 ! read+-room ! gr\p+ ( ! books & ! fundam5tal pr9ciples und]ly+ ! mak+ ( a diction>y c>d catalogue4 ,! location ( v>i\s classes ( ref]5ce books %\ld be po9t$ out1 ! diff]5ces betwe5 a diction>y & an encyclopdia expla9$1 & ! v>i\s types ( bo? comm5t$ ^u4 ,! pupils %\ld be %[n h[ to use 8,poole's ,index0 & ! 8,read]'s ,guide to ,p]iodical ,lit]ature0 & h ! helpfulness ( ^! aids cle>ly br\ght home to !m by concrete illu/rations 9 connection ) "s practical !me "w or prep>ation = a debate4 ,if ?is initial visit to ! libr>y is made ! subject ( a requir$ pap] 9 ! ,engli% c\rse ! b5efits are d\bl$4 ,! pupils c be assign$ problems ( v>i\s k9ds involv+ ! intellig5t use ( tables ( cont5ts & indexes1 & famili>iz+ !mselves ) a v>iety ( ref]5ce books4#d ,!y c be ask$ to fill out a call slip f ! ref]5ce 9 ! c>d catalogue1 take ! volume to ! deliv]y desk1 h x *>g$ out1 return x1 see x dis*>g$ & put back 9 its regul> place on ! %elves4 ,libr>y ,in/ruction4--,! libr>y in/ruction1 9 ord] to be ( real b5efit to ! pupils1 %\ld be made a "p ( ! s*ool curriculum & be giv5 cr$it ! same z o!r "w4 ,9 mo/ s*ools :]e x is giv5 x is c\nt$ z a "p ( ! ,engli% "w4 ,9 ! high s*ools ( ,mi*igan ! "t giv5 to ! libr>y "w v>ies f "o to ?ree ex]cises = ea* ( ! grades4 ,! in/ruction is giv5 9 ! =m ( lectures or in=mal talks1 aft] :i* ! pupils are requir$ to "w out a set ( problems on ref]5ce books4 ,?is "w is done 9 ! libr>y "u ! sup]vision ( ! libr>ian4 ,! complet$ ex]cises are 9 "s s*ools h&$ 9 to ! libr>ian & 9 o!rs to ! ,engli% tea*]1 b ! cr$it is usually giv5 ! pupil by 8 ,engli% tea*]4 ,! talks are arrang$ to suit ! "w & ne$s ( ! diff]5t classes4 ,^? = ! n9? grade pupils ord9>ily include in/ruction 9 ! use ( diction>ies1 encyclopdias & atlases1 & ! use ( ! table ( cont5ts & indexes 9 ref]5ce books4 ,! in/ruction = ! t5? grade takes up ! use ( ! c>d catalogue1 magaz9e indexes1 ye>-books1 & special indexes4 ,! upp] classes may be giv5 practice "w 9 comp>+ ! value ( diff]5t ref]5ce books1 9 le>n+ to get ref]5ces f v>i\s s\rces n on ! ref]5ce %elves1 & 9 ! use ( "s ( ! gov]nm5t publications4 ,libr>y ,c\rses4--,"o ( ! be/ libr>y c\rses ( ?is k9d is t conduct$ by ! libr>ian ( ! ,detroit ,c5tral ,high ,s*ool1 :]e ! "w is grad$ to correspond ) ! regul> grad+ ( ! ,engli% c\rses 9 t s*ool4 ,! libr>ian has a grad$ s]ies ( libr>y que/ions :i* are among ! be/ illu/rations ( ?is k9d ( "w = high s*ool c\rses available 9 pr9t4 ,we give specim5s f ! v>i\s s]ies z foll[s3 ,i4 #a4 ,consult ! indexes ( poems by ,holmes1 & give ! pages on :i* y f9d ! foll[+3 7a7 ,poem beg9n+1 8,li/51 "y h]oes6 ,y\r c\ntry is call+40 7b7 ,poem entitl$1 8,doro?y ,q40 #b4 ,betwe5 :at /reets 9 our city does #hgj ,lafayette ,/reet come8 ,,ii4 #a4 ,look up ! 8,sev5 ,wond]s ( ! ,_w0 9 two diff]5t books4 ,d n copy !m4 ,"n ! books 9 :i* y f\nd !m4 #b4 ,9 :at "w ( lit]ature does ! 8,old ,man ( ! ,sea0 appe>8 ,9 :at ref]5ce book did y f9d x8 ,,iii4 #a4 ,f9d ! allusion to 8,field ( ! ,clo? ( ,gold0 9 two diff]5t books4 ,9 :at books did y f9d x8 #b4 ,use ! c>d catalogue & give a ref]5ce = ! life ( ,john ,gre5leaf ,:itti]4 ,,iv4 #a4 7a7 ,:o 0 gov]nor ( ,i[a 9 #aijf8 7b7 ,:]e 0 he born8 #b4 7a7 ,"n two good rec5t encyclopdias1 7b7 ,"n two good old] encyclopdias4 ,v4 #a4 7a7 ,:at is ! g5]al index to ,gov]nm5t publications8 7b7 ,h[ (t5 is x publi%$8 #b4 7a7 ,:at is ! ,congressional directory8 7b7 ,exam9e x & "n any "o ref]5ce po9t :i* int]e/$ y4 7c7 ,:at is ! ,congressional record8 ,,vi4 ,"n good ref]5ce books "u ! foll[+ heads3 7a7 ,classical diction>y4 7b7 ,gazette] ( ! _w4 7c7 ,atlas ( ! _w4 7d7 ,ye>-book = curr5t hi/ory4 ,!re is an almo/ endless v>iety ( que/ions :i* c be put to ! /ud5ts to br+ out po9ts 9 connection ) ref]5ce books4 ,!y c be ask$ to "n ! v>i\s k9ds ( diction>ies 9 ! libr>y1 to tell :i* is ! late/ issue1 to look up ! same ^w 9 ea*1 & tell ! diff]5ces not$ 9 ! treatm5t ( ! ^w 9 "q4 ,see :e!r !y c def9e a gazette]1 a gloss>y1 & a concordance4 ,ask !m :]e !y w\ld g to f9d a picture ( ! human skeleton1 or color$ plates ( coats ( arms & flags ( v>i\s nations4 ,see :e!r ! ^w copyright means any?+ to !m4 ,! ,tea*] & ! ,libr>y4--8,! position ( a mod]n libr>ian 9 a high s*ool10 says ,pr9cipal ,mc,andrew1#e ( ! ,wa%+ton ,irv+ ,high ,s*ool1 ,new ,york1 8seems to me l t ( a mission>y 9 a hea!n c\ntry4 ,no "o b a libr>ian c realize :at an a/\nd+ am\nt ( ignorance we high s*ool tea*]s exhibit reg>d+ ! purpose & op]ation ( a libr>y4 ,"t & aga9 9 my libr>y exp]i5ce ,i h obs]v$ tea*]s se>*+ ?r\gh ref]5ce books :o 7 too poorly tra9$ to look 9 ! table ( cont5ts & too pr\d to ask = help40 ,a frank confession f ! tea*] is good = ! s\l ( bo? ! tea*] & ! libr>ian4 ,c]ta9ly ! classroom tea*] mu/ in=m h]self m ?or\ghly on ! rudim5ts ( libr>y me?ods if %e is to "w 9 successful co-op]ation ) ! s*ool libr>ian4 ,normal s*ools are n[ giv+ in/ruction 9 libr>y economy4 ,! ,oregon ,libr>y ,commission has publi%$ a broadside li/+ "u =ty-?ree heads1 8,"s ?+s a tea*] %\ld "k ab\t books & libr>ies40 ,! li/ has be5 repr9t$ by ! ,mi*igan ,/ate ,libr>y ,commission ) slight revision4 ,z specim5s ! foll[+ may be cit$3 #a4 ,:at are ! be/ cyclop$ias8 #b4 ,:at diction>ies are be/ = s*ool use & h[ d !y diff]8 #c4 ,:at books c y consult to f9d out :e!r c]ta9 subscription sets urg$ ^u ! di/rict by ag5ts h any value8 #d4 ,:at is ! be/ pr9t$ aid to ! =mation ( a tea*]'s pr(essional libr>y8 #e4 ,:]e w y f9d annual summ>ies ( ! books on education1 ) notes z to _! value8 #f4 ,:at ,u4 ,s4 public docum5ts w\ld be ( value to y 9 y\r s*ool "w & h[ may !y be obta9$8 #g4 ,:at are ! be/ pr9t$ li/s ( books = *ildr5 & h[ mu* w !y co/8 #h4 ,:at are ! be/ grad$ li/s ( *ildr5's books8 #i4 ,:]e c y get notes ab\t *ildr5's books t w be ( s]vice 9 guid+ ! read+ ( ! *ildr5 9 y\r grade8 #aj4 ,:at are ! be/ books = read+ al\d 9 y\r grade8 #aa4 ,:at are ! be/ collections ( poetry = *ildr58 #ab4 ,:at books may be ! be/ /epp+-/ones = ! boy :o is a slave to ! 8nickel libr>y0 habit8 #ac4 ,:at simple1 accurate1 sci5tific books w y give to ! boys :o are1 or may become1 int]e/$ 9 natural sci5ce2 & :at w y *oose = ^? :o wi% to id5tify specim5s ( insects1 ( m9]als & rocks1 ( birds1 & ( fl[]s8 #ad4 ,if y d n "k ab\t ^! books h[ w y in=m y\rself8 #ae4 ,:at are "s ( ! be/ biographies = *ildr58 #af4 ,:at are "s ( ! good books ( travel = use 9 geography "w8 #ag4 ,h[ c y f9d :at magaz9e articles h be5 writt5 ab\t any subject & h[ c y get ^! articles = ! use ( ! debat+ society8 #ah4 ,:at are ! be/ books = ! debat+ society8 #ai4 ,:at are ! be/ p]iodicals = *ildr58 #bj4 ,:at are ! provisions ( ! s*ool libr>y law 9 reg>d to di/rict-s*ool libr>ies8 ,value ( ,libr>y ,in/ruction4--,su* libr>y in/ruction z has be5 describ$ is ( great help to tea*]s assign+ "w to pupils & ( ! greate/ b5efit to ! pupils !mselves4 ,)\t x1 ! libr>ian1 tea*]s1 & pupils are h&icapp$ 9 _! "w & ! libr>y fails ( its full usefulness4 ,a k ( h[ to use a libr>y w be ( ! greate/ value to ! /ud5t n only ?r\gh 8 high s*ool c\rse1 b ev5 m s 9 college1 if he goes t f>1 or 9 cont9u+ 8 read+ & self-culture ?r\gh ! means ( ! public libr>y :5 he discont9ues 8 academic c>e]4 ,to be able to use books effectively1 to "k :]e to f9d exact in=mation :5 want$1 is a k9d ( k t comes f famili>ity ) ref]5ce books & ! use ( books z s\rces4 ,su* an acqua9tance ) books is ( inf9itely m value 9 lat] life ?an kn[+ a few text-books f cov] to cov]4 ,! place 9 :i* to lay ! f\ndation = ?is prop] & intimate acqua9tance ) books z tools is 9 ! s*ool libr>y & ! p]iod is t ( ! high s*ool age4 ----- ,footnote #b3 ,s*ool ,review1 ,april4 #aijg1 vol4 ,,xv1 pp4 #bde-bec4 ,footnote #c3 ,vol4 ,,xxxiii1 p4 #acf4 ,footnote #d3 ,= "s problems ( ?is sort1 see 8,mod]n ,am]ican ,libr>y ,economy10 by ,john ,cotton ,dana1 ,"p ,v1 8,! ,s*ool ,dep>tm5t1 ,section #b40 8,c\rse ( ,/udy = ,normal ,s*ool ,pupils on ! ,use ( a ,libr>y10 by ,m>jory ,l4 ,gilson4 ,footnote #e3 ,9 an address be=e ! libr>y section ( ! ,national ,education ,association1 ,bo/on1 ,july #e1 #aiaj4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,sugge/$ ,,read+s ,,9 ,,! ,,encyclop,,dia ,,britannica4 ,! new ,encyclopdia ,britannica w prove a ri* m9e = ! dilig5t libr>y assi/ant seek+ in=mation on topics connect$ ) books & libr>ies4 ,:ile ! index volume sugge/s "s ( ! topics 9 "q1 mu* ( ?is sugge/ion is done by means ( cross-ref]5ces & x is wor? :ile to call special att5tion to & briefly summ>ize ! articles ( int]e/ to libr>y work]s4 ,"o ( ! fir/ ?+s wor?y ( notice is ! fact t ! articles are writt5 by m5 :o are recogniz$ au?orities 9 _! v>i\s fields2 su* s*ol>s z ,sir ,e4 ,maunde ,?ompson1 late *ief libr>ian ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,alfr$ ,w4 ,poll>d & ,cyril ,dav5port1 also ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,h4 ,r4 ,t$d]1 libr>ian ( ! ,a!num ,club1 & editor ( 8,! ,libr>y0 & ,j4 ,duff ,br[n1 libr>ian ( ! ,isl+ton ,public ,libr>ies & au?or ( ! 8,guide to libr>ian%ip0 & o!r valu$ treatises on libr>y economy4 ,manuscripts4--,beg9n+ ) ! ,manuscript ! /ud5t c read 9 ,sir ,e4 ,maunde ,?ompson's article a description ( ! developm5t ( ! anci5t manuscript1 p>ticul>ly among ! ,greeks & ,romans1 lead+ on to ! m$iaeval manuscripts ( ,europe1 & br++ _! hi/ory d[n to ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,! writ] treats ( ! mat]ials us$1 ! =ms ( ! manuscript book 7! roll1 ! wax5 tablet1 ! codex1 ! quires7 ! me*anical arrangem5t ( writ+1 punctuation1 division ( words1 abbreviations & contractions1 writ+ implem5ts & inks4 ,^? :o wi% to pursue ! subject fur!r c turn to ! same writ]'s article on ,palography1 ! sci5ce :i* takes cognizance ( writ+s ( a lit]>y1 economic or legal nature1 done g5]ally ) a /ile1 re$ or p51 on tablets1 rolls or codices4 ,?is pap] traces ! hi/ory ( ,greek & ,lat9 palography f ! e>lie/ writt5 docum5ts 9 ^? languages :i* h surviv$1 t\*+ especially on ,greek papyri & vellum codices1 ! ,roman cursive & lit]>y h&s1 & ! v>i\s national h&s d]iv$ f ! ,roman h&4 ,x is !re=e conc]n$ ) ! fundam5tals ( ! writt5 records ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,manuscripts ) illu/rations =m a class by !mselves & are describ$ by ?is same high au?ority "u ,illum9at$ ,mss4 ,"h are outl9$ ! *ief features ( ! ,byzant9e1 ,franco-,lomb>dic1 ,celtic 7) special m5tion ( ! ,l9disf>ne ,gospels1 ( :i* a full-page color$ facsimile is giv57 ,c>ol+ian1 ,anglo-,saxon1 ,norman1 ,g]man1 ,italian & ,spani%4 ,!re are sep>ate p>agraphs on ! *>act]i/ics ( ! illum9ation ( ! #ac?1 #ad? & #ae? c5turies4 ,pap]4--,9 ! fir/ section ( ! articles on ,pap] ,sir ,maunde ,?ompson discusses v>i\s !ories z to ! orig9 & e>ly hi/ory ( ?is commodity4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! writ+ mat]ial made f ,papyrus ! au?or ref]s u to 8 treatm5t ( t subject1 :]e he gives an acc\nt ( ! re$1 its cultivation & wide-spread use1 its manipulation into ! article ( comm]ce & ! use ( ! latt] by scribes4 ,! second section ( ! article on ,pap] treats especially ( its manufacture & is writt5 by ,j4 ,w4 ,wyatt1 ) an int]e/+ supplem5t>y note on ,india ,pap] by ,w4 ,e4 ,g4 ,fi%]4 ,! "n 8,india0 0 8orig9ally giv5 9 ,engl&1 ab\t ! middle ( ! #ah? c5tury to a s(t absorb5t pap] ( a pale buff %ade1 import$ f ,*9a1 :]e x 0 made by h&1 on a pap]-mak+ frame some:at simil> to t us$ 9 ,europe4 ,! "n probably orig9at$ 9 ! prevail+ t5d5cy1 d[n to ! end ( ! #ah? c5tury1 to describe z #8,indian' any?+ :i* came f ! f> ,ea/ 7cf4 ,indian ink74 ,?is s-call$ ,india pap] 0 us$ = pr9t+ ! e>lie/ & f9e/ impressions ( engrav+s1 h5ce kn[n z #8,india pro(s'04 ,! ,book4--,z po9t$ out by ,alfr$ ,w4 ,poll>d 9 8 article on ! ,book1 !re is b a slight diff]5ce 9 g5]al appe>ance betwe5 a manuscript writt5 9 a =mal book-h& & an e>ly pr9t$ copy ( ! same "w pr9t$ 9 ! same di/rict z ! manuscript _h be5 writt54 ,! type us$ by ! e>ly pr9t]s 0 z a rule bas$ on h&writ+ consid]$ appropriate = use 9 a manuscript copy ( ! same "w4 ,! developm5t ( ! colophon into ! title-page 7a subject on :i* ,mr4 ,poll>d is an au?ority7 is briefly summ>iz$4 ,o!r *>act]i/ics ( "s ( ! e>ly pr9t$ books1 su* z _! size1 _! pap]1 _! illu/rations & _! b9d+s are not$4 ,! ma9 features ( ! books ( ea* c5tury f ! #af? to ! #ai? are succ9ctly *>act]iz$ 9 sep>ate p>agraphs1 & ! comp>ative co/ ( books at v>i\s p]iods is illu/rat$ by citations ( prices ( well kn[n works4 ,incunabula4--,ano!r article by ,mr4 ,poll>d treats ( ,incunabula4 ,aft] summ>iz+ ! rese>*es 9 ?is field ! au?or grants t x is lit]ally true t ! output ( ! #ae? c5tury presses is bett] kn[n to /ud5ts ?an t ( any o!r p]iod4 ,! subject has be5 pursu$ ) :at "s h ?\ght to be excessive & misplac$ zeal4 ,am]ican libr>ians are naturally n s mu* int]e/$ 9 incunabula z are _! ,european bre?r51 b our l>g] libr>ies & especially our univ]sities are com+ to h a fair repres5tation ( ! "w ( "s ( ! e>ly pr9t]s & "o notable collection1 t made by ,dr4 ,cop+]1 has come to ?is c\ntry1 hav+ be5 pres5t$ to ! ,philadelphia ,free ,libr>y by ,mr4 ,p4 ,a4 ,b4 ,wid5]4 ,pr9t+4--,! article on ,pr9t+ by ,c4 ,t4 ,jacobi1 ! au?or ( a practical treatise on ! subject :i* has gone ?r\gh f\r editions1 is conf9$ to ! "w ( ! pr9t+ press & is divid$ into two p>ts3 7#a7 hi/ory ( ! pr9t+ press & 7#b7 mod]n presses4 ,^? :o d n h a me*anical b5t w probably n get mu* out ( ^! sections1 b t[>ds ! end ( ! article is "s g5]al in=mation on pr9t+ :i* ought to prove ( int]e/ to e libr>y assi/ant4 ,! hi/ory ( pr9t+ is treat$ at great l5g? "u ! caption ( ,typography by ,j4 ,h4 ,hessels1 au?or ( 8,gut5b]g2 an hi/orical inve/igation40 ,?is article discusses 9 turn ! manuscript p]iod1 ! e>lie/ attempts at pr9t+1 block-pr9t+1 e>ly wood-engrav+s1 block books1 e>ly pr9t+ ) movable type1 ! controv]sy conc]n+ ! inv5tion 7?is ) great fulness71 ( e>ly types & _! fabrication1 & ends ) a sket* ( "s pr9t]s :o fl\ri%$ aft] #aejj4 ,a second section1 entitl$ ,mod]n ,practical ,typography1 9 "p by ,john ,s\?w>d1 au?or ( a 8,diction>y ( typography10 deals ) ! mat]ial *>act]i/ics ( type1 ! sizes1 & v>ieties ( face1 ! manufacture ( type1 composition & imposition1 signatures & =ms1 typesett+ ma*9es1 electrotyp+ & /]eotyp+4 ,pro( ,read+1 by ,john ,h4 ,black1 :o 0 press read] on ! new volumes ( ! #aj? edition ( ! ,britannica1 & ,john ,r&all1 is ( conc]n to all ( u :o h to d ) 8! art pres]vative ( all ! arts40 ,pro( read+ seems to be practic$ less & less 9 ^! days ( type-sett+ ma*9es1 b be+ in=m$ on ! subject w help u 9 insi/+ on good "w along ?is l9e4 ,illu/rations4--,t ! in=mation conc]n+ z9c cuts1 half-tones1 ?ree color processes1 monotypes1 electrotypes1 photoli?otypes1 & all o!r photo-me*anical me?ods ( reproduction %\ld be includ$ 9 an article "u ,process w probably /rike ,am]ican read]s z a ,briticism1--b ! facts are up to date & reliable4 ,! writ]1 ,mr4 ,edw9 ,bale1 art director = ,cassell & ,co41 grants t ! t]m 8process0 is a some:at un=tunate1 "o inasmu* z x is descriptive ( no?+ 9 p>ticul>4 ,! article discusses 9 turn ! v>i\s classes "u ! ?ree g5]ic heads3 7#a7 relief1 su* z z9c et*+1 half-tones1 includ+ ^? 9 color2 7#b7 intaglio1 su* z photogravures & monotypes1 :]e1 z 9 ! old copp] plates1 ! pr9t+ surface is sunk bel[ ! surr\nd+ portions ( ! plate2 7#c7 planographic1 l li?ographs1 collotypes1 phototypes & heliotypes1 :i* are all pr9t$ f flat surfaces4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ^! v>i\s k9ds ( illu/rations is n easily grasp$ by ! beg9n]1 b no "o ^: con/ant bus9ess is ) books ought to be ignorant ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 a woodcut & a half-tone1 a mezzot9t & a *rome-li?ograph1 a copp] plate & a clev]ly devis$ imitation made f a z9c block1 & yet ,i h se5 a good _m libr>y s*ool graduates to :om ! :ole matt] 0 s mu* ,greek4 ,h[ c y buy illu/rat$ books intellig5tly if y don't "k :e!r ! illu/rations are :at !y pret5d to be8 ,bett] read up fur!r 9 ,mr4 ,frank ,weit5kampf's 8,h[ to appreciate pr9ts0 & /udy c>efully ! ,new>k exhibit1 8,! features ( ! pr9t$ book10 ! fir/ opportunity y get4 ,mean:ile1 make y\rself famili> ) ! g5]al in=mation giv5 by ,laur5ce ,h\sman 9 8 article on ,illu/ration4 ,leav+ aside ! illum9ation ( manuscripts1 ! art ( illu/ration 9 its mod]n s5se goes back to ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,_m incunabula 7 enri*$ ) draw+s by arti/s ( ! ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,spani% & ,italian s*ools4 ,_m engrav+s on bo? wood & copp] by su* m5 z ,dr] & ,holbe9 7 made to adorn ! pr9t$ page4 ,! art ( illu/ration has always be5 influ5c$ by ! prevail+ pictorial art4 ,fr5* engrav+ 0 influ5c$ by ! pa9t+ ( ,watteau4 ,engli% illu/rations ( diff]5t p]iods %[ ! l>ge foll[+ :i* su* m5 z ,reynolds & ,hog>? 7 accord$4 ,bewick laid ! f\ndations = a s*ool ( ,engli% wood engrav+ :i* p]si/$ until ! inv5tion ( me*anical me?ods ( reproduction came into vogue4 ,! *eap magaz9es creat$ a great dem& = illu/rations t c\ld be inexp5sively produc$1 & ! files ( illu/rat$ p]iodicals !reby became "o ( ! be/ places 9 :i* to /udy ! "w ( wood engrav]s & illu/rators ^: "w l5t itself to reproduction 9 *eap =m4 ,to ^? :o "k h[ to use !m aright ?is gives a new int]e/ to "s ( ! ,poole sets :i* h ( late ye>s be5 retir$ to out ( ! way places1 su* z ,once a week1 ,good words1 ,london ,society1 ,sunday at home1 = 9 ! pages ( ^! j\rnals are f\nd illu/rations by "s ( ! be/ m5 ( ! s*ool kn[n z 8( ! 'sixties40 ,! te*nical developm5ts ( ! art ( illu/ration =m ! subject ( a brief supplem5t>y article by ,e4 ,f4 ,/range ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,?is is conc]n$ ) ! hi/ory ( exp]im5ts lead+ to ! developm5t ( ! pres5t day half-tone block & color pr9t+4 ,bookb9d+ is treat$ by ,cyril ,dav5port1 :o sket*es ! hi/ory ( 8 subject f ! e>lie/ times :5 protective cov]s 7 us$ ov] ! small] ,assyrian tablets ( ab\t ! #h? c5tury ,b4 ,c41 ?r\gh ! days ( ,lat9 dipty*s 7! e>lie/ prototypes ( ! mod]n book7 to ! "t ( rolls ( papyrus1 vellum or pap]4 ,! device ( fold+ vellum into pages 0 fir/ us$ ab\t ! #e? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 & ! sew+ ( ^! signatures by fa/5+ ! ?reads ar\nd a /rip ( lea!r or vellum at "r angles to ! l9e ( backs 0 ! next /age 9 ! developm5t ( ! mod]n book4 ,!n x 0 f\nd t ! b&s ne$$ protection & s /rips ( lea!r 7 fa/5$ d[n ! backs1 & 9 ord] to prev5t ! t5d5cy ( ! vellum leaves to curl1 /rong wood5 bo>ds 7 put on ea* side & ! lea!r back 0 drawn ov] ! bo>ds f> en\gh to make a h+e1 ?us giv+ u ! half-b\nd books ( ! middle ages4 ,! next /eps 7 to cov] n only ! back b also ! sides ( ! book ) lea!r & !n to decorate ! lea!r4 ,! art ( gold tool+ spread quickly1 & h]aldic designs 7 us$ = ornam5tation f ! days ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,! det]ioration ( ! quality ( mod]n book pap] & badly prep>$ lea!rs h be5 s]i\s drawbacks to good bookb9d+1 b !re has be5 a revival ( int]e/ 9 ! art = its own sake dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,! introduction ( /amp$ clo? b9d+ ab\t #ahbb develop$ into ! case b9d+ ( today1 = :i* elaborate ma*9]y has be5 p]fect$4 ,book-plates are ?\ght ( by _m libr>ians z be+ unwor?y ( _! s]i\s att5tion1 b a m]e glance at ! article by ,eg]ton ,ca/le %\ld conv9ce ! un9itiat$ z to ! value ( at lea/ a rudim5t>y k ( ! subject4 ,mr4 ,ca/le's /udy ( 8,engli% book-plates0 appe>$ tw5ty ye>s ago1 b 8 int]e/ 9 ex-libris has app>5tly n flagg$ despite ! dem&s ( novel writ+ on 8 "t1 :i* is a tribute to ! fasc9ations ( ^! little m>ks ( own]%ip4 ,among ! illu/rations are reproduc$ ! e>lie/ kn[n movable book-plate1 "o belong+ to ! mona/]y ( ,buxheim1 dat+ f ab\t #adhj1 & ! olde/ ,engli% plate1 t ( ,sir ,ni*olas ,bacon1 #aegd4 ,good examples are giv5 ( armorial plates ( v>i\s p]iods1 ( ! ,jacobean1 ! ,*ipp5dale or rococo1 & ! pictorial :]e1 z 9 ! ,bewick plate1 ! motif is a bit ( l&scape or1 z 9 ! plate by ,e4 ,d4 ,fr5*1 a libr>y int]ior4 ,booksell+4--,ev5 ^? libr>ians :o ?9k t !y "k some?+ ab\t buy+ books1 c ) decid$ advantage read ! article on ,booksell+4 ,! mod]n sy/em goes back almo/ to ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,! e>lie/ pr9t]s 7 also editors & booksell]s b z !y 7 n able !mselves to dispose ( ! entire output ( _! presses !y _h ag5ts at mo/ ( ! univ]sities4 ,! religi\s diss5sions foll[+ ! ,re=mation creat$ a great dem& = books & !re 7 tr\bl\s times = bo? pr9t]s & booksell]s4 ,9 ! ,engli% copyright act ( #agji x is rul$ t if any p]son %all ?9k ! publi%$ price ( a book unreasonably high he may make compla9t to ! ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury & to c]ta9 o!r p]sons nam$ :o %all !reupon exam9e into 8 compla9t & if well f\nd$ r$uce ! price1 & any booksell] *>g+ m ?an ! price agre$ ^u %all be f9$ = e copy sold4 ,un=tunately ?is law 0 nev] en=c$4 ,7 !re su* a c\rt ( appeal today x w\ld h a full docket6 ,9 ! p>agraph on booksell+ 9 ?is c\ntry x is po9t$ out t half ! names 9 ! 8s-call$ ,am]ican catalogue ( books0 pr9t$ betwe5 #ahbj & #aheb are ,briti%1 ! works ( ,scott1 ,byron1 ,moore1 ,s\!y & ,wordswor? hav+ be5 pr9t$ "h )\t ! paym5t ( any royalties4 ,?r\gh ! gr[? ( int]c\rse ) ,engl& & ! appe>ance on ! lit]>y horizon ( native writ]s ( ability1 a decid$ *ange 0 gradually produc$ 9 ! ,am]ican book trade & ! conditions "h became m l ^? ( ,europe4 ,publi%+4--,! subject ( booksell+ is treat$ /ill fur!r 9 ! article on ,publi%+ :i* is 9 a way a cont9uation ( x4 ,x gives m hi/orical detail conc]n+ ! e>ly /ages ( ?is once comb9$ bus9ess1 ) a good deal on t topic ( int]e/ to libr>ians & ! book-buy+ public1--! net price "q4 ,! e>ly sep>ation ( publi%+ f booksell+ is t\*$ ^u1 & ! em]g5ce ( publi%]s z a sep>ate class is outl9$4 ,! transitory ph5om5on ( ! man ( lett]s assi/+ ! publi%] 9 an advisory capacity z to ! suitability ( manuscripts submitt$ = publication is an int]e/+ *apt] 9 ! expansion ( ! publi%+ bus9ess4 ,publi%+ be+ today l>gely a comm]cial affair1 ! lit]>y read] has 9 ! ma9 be5 supplant$ by ! man ( bus9ess ) an aptitude = e/imat+ h[ _m copies ( a giv5 book c be sold4 ,"o ,london publi%] has ( rec5t ye>s paid no sal>y to 8 read] b has giv5 him a small commission ^u e copy t 0 sold ( any book publi%$ on 8 recomm5dation4 ,:at is want$ by ! publi%] is only too (t5 n lit]>y quality b comm]cial value4 ,bibliography4--,! article on ?is subject by ,mr4 ,poll>d1 is only conc]n$ ) bibliography z ! art ( exam9ation1 collation & description ( books1--_! enum]ation & arrangem5t 9 li/s = purposes ( in=mation1 & fur!r1 ) ! lit]ature ( ?is subject1 i4 e4 ) ! bibliography ( bibliography4 ,! exam9ation & collation ( books to discov] :e!r !y are p]fect & 9 _! orig9al condition are especially important 9 ! case ( r>e books1 l incunabula & fir/ editions1 piracies & spuri\s impr9ts4 ,photographic =g]ies ( books c usually be detect$ by ! t5d5cy ( all photographic reproduction to ?ick5 lett]s & exagg]ate e k9d ( defect4 ,"s ( ^! imitations are1 h[ev]1 v clev]ly made on pap] ( ! p]iod ( ! orig9al & s are v h>d to di/+ui% f ! latt]4 ,book ,collect+ is sympa!tically discuss$ by ,mr4 ,poll>d4 ,! /atem5t t ! ultimate r>ity ( books v>ies 9 ! inv]se ratio ( ! numb] ( copies orig9ally pr9t$1 ?\gh recogniz$ z a some:at sweep+ g5]alization1 is conc$$ to be n f> f ! tru?4 ,no "o ?9ks ( collect+ :at is easily procurable at ! mom5t4 ,s long z ! anticipation exi/s t a book w cont9ue to be easily procurable ! collect+ impulse is re/ra9$4 ,book collect+ z a hobby is analyz$ & ! hi/ory ( "s notable private collections giv54 ,z ,?omas ,watts once said1 ! ma9 (fice ( private collections is to fe$ public in/itutions4 ,libr>ies4--,?is br+s u to ! article on ,libr>ies1 writt5 jo9tly by ,h4 ,r4 ,t$d] & ,j4 ,duff ,br[n1 an article ( ab\t #fe1jjj words & des]v+ ( m ?an a pass+ notice4 ,x is ! late/ conspectus ( libr>y hi/ory & activity & if pr9t$ sep>ately might h made a book ( sev]al hundr$ pages :i* w\ld h be5 duly review$ 9 all ! pr(essional j\rnals4 ,! fact t x is 9 ! ,britannica insures x ev5 wid] publicity & 9 view ( its excell5ce we feel t x is wor? :ile call+ to ! p>ticul> att5tion ( libr>ians4 ,! g5]al treatm5t divides ! subject into ,anci5t libr>ies 7#c pages7 ,m$iaeval p]iod 7#c pages7 & ,mod]n libr>ies 7#bf pages74 ,! fir/ section has an ar*aeological r ?an a pr(essional int]e/1 b ! m$iaeval p]iod is ( importance to u because 9 x is f\nd ! real orig9 ( mod]n libr>y organization4 ,a rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict requir$ ! monks to borr[ a book apiece & read x /raight ?r\gh4 ,! books 9 ! ,b5$ict9e mona/]y 7 kept 9 arm>ia1 or *e/s2 :5ce ! "n ( ! ,b5$ict9e libr>ian1 arm>ius4 ,! ,c>?usians are suppos$ to h be5 ! fir/ to l5d books = use outside ! mona/]y4 ,! libr>y at ,ces5a 9 ,nor!rn ,italy is /ill pres]v$ 9 its orig9al condition4 ,! ,laur5tian libr>y at ,flor5ce 0 design$ aft] mona/ic models4 ,! developm5t ( mod]n libr>ies is fir/ illu/rat$ by examples f ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 by sket*+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 & o!r ,engli% ,gov]nm5t libr>ies1 by outl9+ ! gr[? ( ! univ]sity libr>ies ( ,great ,brita91 incid5tally t\*+ on ! libr>ies ( le>n$ societies1 clubs1 municipalities1 & w9d+ up ) a section on ,briti% libr>y adm9i/ration4 ,all ?is is admirably done1 & des]ves c>eful read+4 ,! au?ors sugge/ sev]al re=ms & "q "s practices4 ,= example1 !y feel t x w\ld be an advantage f an adm9i/rative /&po9t if ! pr(essional c]tificates ( ! ,libr>y ,association 7 adopt$ by ! ,civil ,s]vice ,commission]s z a compulsory requirem5t 9 addition to _! own exam9ation4 ,!y evid5tly favor "s =m ( 8regi/ration10 ! moot$ topic be=e ! ,briti% ,libr>y ,association4 ,! (ficial recognition ( a grade ( prop]ly tra9$ libr>ians w\ld 9 ! op9ion ( ^! writ]s t5d to improve ! me?ods & effici5cy ( ! gov]nm5t libr>ies1 g5]ally conc$$ to be beh9d ! municipal libr>ies 9 organization & adm9i/ration4 ,x is po9t$ out t ! read+ ( fiction 9 ,briti% municipal libr>ies is mu* less ?an commonly believ$1 be+ only #bd p]c5t1 ev5 aft] due all[ance is made = ! read+ ( fiction 9 curr5t magaz9es4 ,att5tion is call$ to ! gradual disappe>ance ( ! unclassifi$ municipal libr>y1 al?\gh 9 #aiaj !re 7 ov] #cdj n closely classifi$1 b only arrang$ 9 broad num]ical or alphabetical divisions4 ,! replacem5t ( pr9t$ catalogs 9 book =m by c>d catalogs & o!r =ms1 l ! %eaf catalog1 easily kept up to date1 is not$ z gr[+ 9 favor4 ,! great increase 9 ! fre$om ( access all[$ 9 l5d+ libr>ies is consid]$ ! mo/ /rik+ t5d5cy ( rec5t ye>s4 ,9 ! section devot$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress naturally comes fir/1 & is *>act]iz$ z 8! mo/ active gov]nm5t libr>y 9 exi/5ce40 ,! rise ( ! /ate & univ]sity libr>ies is sket*$1 & some?+ is said ab\t ! propriet>y & end[$ libr>ies ( ! c\ntry4 ,t ^! writ]s are n ( ! gr\p :o h be5 say+ unk9d ?+s ab\t u1 witness ! foll[+3 8,9 no c\ntry has ! movem5t = ! developm5t ( municipal libr>ies made su* progress z 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ^! in/itutions 444 are di/+ui%$ = _! "w1 ent]prise & ! lib]ality ) :i* !y are support$40 ,!re is an int]e/+ comp>ison ( ! co/ ( ma9t5ance ( ,engli% & ,am]ican libr>ies4 ,ea/ ,orange1 ,n4 ,j4 7population #ce1jjj7 sp5ds #ab1jjj on its libr>y sy/em1 :ile ,dumfries 9 ,scotl& 7population #bc1jjj7 sp5ds #b1ejj4 ,! city ( ,c9c9nati1 ) practically ! same population z ! bor\gh ( ,isl+ton1 ,london1 sp5ds m ?an ?ree times z mu* money on its libr>y sy/em1--#acj1jjj z contra/$ ) #da1jjj4 ,x w\ld be in/ructive to comp>e ! "w done 9 ^! p>ticul> cities4 ,! g5]al /atem5t is made t ! provision ( books is m g5]\s 9 ! ,am]ican libr>ies ?an 9 ^? ( ,great ,brita91 b t m read+ is done 9 ! latt]4 ,! au?ors po9t out t "w ) ! s*ools & *ildr5 g5]ally is m cultivat$ 9 ! libr>ies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an else:]e4 ,!y are cauti\s 9 _! /atem5ts1 b "o c read ! d\bt 9 _! m9ds z to ! wisdom ( ! 8/ory h\r0 9 ! libr>y4 8,! prepond]ance ( wom5 libr>ians & _! natural s5tim5tal reg>d = *ildr5 has t5d$ to make ?is "w loom r l>gely 9 "s qu>t]s1 b ) ^! exceptions ! activity on behalf ( *ildr5 is ju/ifi$ on _m gr\nds4 ,b above all1 x is manife/ t a rapidly gr[+ nation1 f9d+ homes = ?\s&s ( =eign]s & _! *ildr5 annually1 mu/ use e means ( rapidly educat+ _! new citiz5s1 & ! public libr>y is "o ( ! mo/ effici5t & ready ways ( accompli%+ ?is great national object40 ,:ile ! rema9d] ( ! article1 devot$ to libr>ies 9 non-,engli% speak+ c\ntries1 is ( less imm$iate int]e/ to ! av]age libr>y assi/ant1 x %\ld be read ) c>e = ! p]spective x w help to give4 ,we %\ld "k m ( our hi/orical backgr\nd & "h is an excell5t place to get a bird's eye view ( ! :ole libr>y movem5t4 ,! acc\nt ( ! ,biblio?que ,nationale & o!r libr>ies ( ,p>is1 is v complete & conta9s ref]5ces & /ati/ics n g5]ally available4 ,! description ( ! ,b]l9 libr>ies is less full1 b satisfactory4 ,! ,italian libr>ies come 9 = _! %>e ( att5tion1 & ! article ends ) acc\nts ( ! libr>y movem5t & ! notewor?y libr>ies 9 ,lat9 ,am]ica1 ,spa9 & ,portugal1 ! ,ne!rl&s1 ,russia1 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,! article z a :ole w be> read+ sev]al times & c be consult$ con/antly ) full-reliance ^u its detail$ in=mation4 ,9 addition to ! above !re are articles :i* h a special int]e/ = diff]5t classes ( libr>y work]s4 ,! catalog] w want to read :at is said on ! ,index1 :]e a high complim5t is paid 8,am]ican ent]prise0 = ! mod]n device ( ! c>d catalog cab9et1 & ! ,libr>y ( ,congress = its pr9t$ c>d "w4 ,! assi/ant 9 ! p]iodical room ought to read ! article on ,p]iodicals by ,mr4 ,t$d]1 :i* deals *iefly ) publications devot$ to g5]al lit]ature1 lit]>y & critical reviews1 & magaz9es = ! supply ( miscellane\s read+4 ,x takes up 9 hi/orical sequ5ce ! ,briti% qu>t]lies1 mon?lies1 weeklies1 mod]n magaz9es & *eap publications2 !n ^? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,canada & o!r ,briti% possessions1 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,au/ria1 ,switz]l&1 ,italy1 ,belgium1 ,holl&1 ,d5m>k1 ,norway1 ,sw$51 ,portugal1 ,greece1 ,russia & o!r c\ntries4 ,"u ! caption ( ,c>icature ,mr4 ,m4 ,h4 ,spielman writes ent]ta9+ly conc]n+ ! popul> illu/rat$ p]iodicals ( ,great ,brita91 ,france1 ,g]many & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 ! latt] section he sket*es ! rise ( ,?omas ,na/1 discusses ! influ5ce ( ,life1 & ! "w ( ,c4 ,d4 ,gibson & ,a4 ,b4 ,fro/4 ,9 8 p>agraph on ,c>toon ,mr4 ,spielman says t ,john ,lee*'s draw+ 9 ,no4 #aje ( ,pun* 0 ! fir/ c>icature to be call$ a 8c>toon40 ,aft] a :ile ,pun* dropp$ ! latt] ^w b ! public took x up4 ,! in=mation conc]n+ ,newspap]s has be5 g>n]$ by sev]al h&s4 ,mr4 ,hugh ,*i%olm1 ! editor ( ! pres5t edition ( ! ,britannica1 & = "s ye>s connect$ ) ! ,london ,times1 writes ! fir/ in/allm5t entitl$ 8,g5]al consid]ations0 giv+ ! hi/orical developm5t ( ! newspap] 7p>ticul>ly ! ,engli%7 f ! ,ox=d ,gazette ( #affe1 ?r\gh ! days ( ! 8lead+ article0 by prom95t writ]s1 d[n to ! "t ( ! 8news ag5cies40 ,! pres5t /atus ( j\rnalism1 ) its well develop$ comm]cial side1 is pass$ 9 review1 & ! influ5ce ( ,am]ican j\rnalism is duly set =?4 ,! *eap5+ ( pap]1 :i* )9 "o g5]ation dropp$ f #bb c5ts to z l[ z #a-a_/b c5ts a p\nd1 is %[n to h _h ! obvi\s t5d5cy ( increas+ ! size ( newspap]s & r$uc+ ! price4 ,! attitude ( "s ,engli% newspap] publi%]s t[>ds news ( ! turf is in/ructive to ,am]ican libr>ians :o h read ( ! 8block+ out0 ( sport+ tips deem$ necess>y 9 "s ,engli% libr>ies4 ,! simultane\s gr[? ( ! *eap newspap] ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w is comm5t$ ^u by ,"l ,nor?cote 9 two int]polat$ p>agraphs1 :i* are foll[$ by "s rem>ks on ,illu/rat$ ,pap]s by ,mr4 ,clem5t ,k4 ,%ort]4 ,! rema9d] ( ! article by ,mr4 ,*i%olm consi/s ( a v full acc\nt ( ,briti% newspap]s 79 :i* c]ta9 portions ( ! article by ,edw>d ,edw>ds1 ( libr>y fame1 9 ! e>li] edition ( ! ,britannica1 h be5 incorporat$7 foll[$ by an hi/orical sket* ( ^? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ( ,france1 ,g]many & o!r ,european c\ntries4 ,mu* ( ! in=mation pres5t$ by ,pr(4 ,e4 ,g4 ,rav5/e9 "u ! caption ,map is ( imm$iate int]e/ to all ( u4 ,x treats 9 turn ( ! classification & scale ( maps1 del9eation ( ! gr\nd1 selection ( names & or?ography1 measurem5t on maps1 relief maps1 map pr9t+1 hi/ory ( c>tography1 & topographical surveys4 ,! read+ ( :at ,mr4 ,h4 ,r4 ,t$d] has to say on ,pamphlets may make ! libr>y assi/ant :o has to h&le !m m k9dly dispos$ t[>d ?is class ( publications4 ,!re is no?+ l kn[+ ! hi/ory ( a subject to incite int]e/ 9 x4 ,! bibliographies app5d$ to ea* article w enable ! inquir+ & ambiti\s assi/ant to pursue fur!r su* phases ( ! que/ions involv$ z may make ! /rong] appeal2 b ! s\rce ( ! greate/ satisfaction is t ! work]s 9 ! small] libr>ies1 :]e b little ( ! lit]ature ( libr>ian%ip is to be f\nd1 c f9d )9 ! cov]s ( ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica a conspectus ( au?oritative /atem5ts on _m matt]s ( pr(essional int]e/4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,index4 ,page4 ,adams1 ,hannah1 #h ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 #ac ,analyticals1 #ce-cf ,assi/ants1 #ag1 #fa-fb ,a/or1 ,john ,jacob1 #i ,a/or1 ,william ,b41 #aj ,a/or ,libr>y1 #i ,au?or entry1 #cc-cd ,bates1 ,jo%ua1 #i ,bibliography1 #gc-gd ,bigel[1 ,john1 #aa ,bill+s1 ,dr4 ,john ,%aw1 #ab ,b9d+1 #ea-eb1 #ga ,book1 #fh-hi ,book b9d+1 #ga-gb ,book buy+1 #bj1 #bc-bd ,book collect+1 #gd ,book selection1 #bj-bc ,book sell+1 #gb ,bookli/1 #bb ,book-plates1 #gb ,bo/on ,a!num1 #h ,bo/on ,public ,libr>y1 #h ,bo/wick1 ,a4 ,e41 #bj ,brad%aw1 ,h5ry1 #af ,burton1 ,john ,hill1 #aj ,c>ds1 catalog1 #cf-cg ,c>e ( books1 #eb-ec ,c>icature1 #gg ,c>negie1 ,&rew1 #ab ,catalog+1 #cc-ch ,*ild1 ,mrs4 ,lydia ,m>ia1 #h ,*ildr51 "w )1 #ed-eh ,circulation1 #di-ej ,classification1 #be-cb ,clo?1 #eb ,cogswell1 ,joseph ,g41 #aj1 #ab1 #bb ,collect+1 #gd ,craw=d1 ,e/h]1 #cg ,cutt]1 ,*>les ,a41 #bi1 #ce ,dana1 ,john ,cotton1 #da-db ,dewey1 ,melvil1 #bi-cb ,docum5ts1 #df-di ,du*1 ,rev4 ,jacob1 #g ,edw>ds1 ,edw>d1 #af ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 #fg-gh ,ev]ett1 ,edw>d1 #i ,fo/]1 ,w4 ,e41 #bb ,gaill>d1 ,edw9 ,:ite1 #ei ,g>nett1 ,ri*>d1 #aj ,high s*ool libr>y1 #ei-ff ,hit*l]1 ,!resa1 #cg-ch ,illum9at$ manuscripts1 #fh ,illu/rat$ pap]s1 #gh ,illu/rations1 #gj-ga ,incunabula1 #fi ,india pap]1 #fh ,in/ruction1 #fc ,lea!r1 #ea-eb ,l5ox1 ,james1 #aa ,l5ox ,libr>y1 #aa ,libr>ian1 duties (1 #af-ag1 #fa ,libr>ies1 #gd-gg ,libr>y in/ruction1 #fc-fe1 #ff ,libr>y ,j\rnal1 #ac ,libr>y /aff1 #ag ,libr>y "w1 #ag-ai ,loan sy/ems1 #di-ej ,logan1 ,james1 #g ,mc,andrew1 ,william1 #fe ,manuscripts1 #fg ,maps1 #gh ,mi*igan1 #ad-ae ,mit*ell1 ,donald ,g41 #aj ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 #ab ,newspap]s1 #gg-gh ,oregon libr>y commission1 #fe ,organization ( a libr>y1 #af ,palography1 #fg ,pamphlets1 #gh ,pap]1 #fh ,papyrus1 #fh ,p]iodicals1 #gg ,philadelphia ,libr>y ,company1 #g ,poole's ,index1 #de-df ,pr9t+1 #fi ,process1 #gj ,pro( read+1 #gj ,public docum5ts1 #df-di ,public libr>ies1 spread (1 #ac ,publi%+1 #gc ,putnam1 ,h]b]t1 #ai ,read]'s ,guide1 #de-df ,ref]5ce books1 #db-de ,ref]5ce "w1 #ci-db ,ridgeway ,libr>y1 #g ,rules1 #ee ,ru%1 ,dr4 ,james1 #g ,/4 ,l\is ,public ,libr>y1 #bj ,s*ool libr>ies1 #ei-ff ,s*ools1 "w )1 #ef ,/ate docum5ts1 #di ,/ate libr>y commissions1 #ad ,/ev5s1 ,h5ry1 #aa ,/ory h\rs1 #eg ,subject entries1 #cd-ce ,sumn]1 ,*>les1 #aa ,tea*] & ! libr>y1 #fe ,ticknor1 ,george1 #i ,tild51 ,samuel ,j41 #aa ,travel+ libr>ies1 #ad ,tru/ees1 #af ,typography1 #fi ,use ( ! libr>y1 #fb-fc ,vattem>e1 ,alex&re1 #h ,w9sor1 ,ju/91 #af ,w9?rop1 ,rob]t ,c41 #h ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,?is text has be5 pres]v$ z 9 ! orig9al1 includ+ ar*aic & inconsi/5t spell+1 punctuation & gramm>1 except z not$ bel[4 ,obvi\s pr9t]'s errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,text 9 italics 9 ! orig9al "w is %[n h]e9 z text4 ,bold text 9 ! orig9al "w is %[n h]e9 z text4 ,footnotes h be5 r5umb]$ & mov$ to ! end ( ! relevant *apt]4 ,pages are n numb]$ 9 ! pla9-text v]sions ( ?is transcription & may n be numb]$ 9 ! ebook v]sions4 ,pages 9 ! ,,html v]sion are numb]$4 ,l9ks to pages are functional4 ,eread]s may n r5d] a complete book page on a s+le eread] page1 !re=e x may be necess>y to advance "o or m eread] pages to locate items f ! index4