,,! ,,!i/ic ,,conception ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 ,,an ,,essay ,,9 ,,opposition ,,to ,,c]ta9 ,,t5d5cies ,,( ,,mod]n ,,?\ght4 ,,by ,b4 ,f4 ,,cock]1 ,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,m5tal ,,& ,,moral ,,philosophy ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,mi*igan2 ,,au?or ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,greek ,,philosophy4 ,sci5ce discloses ! me?od ( ! _w1 b n its cause2 ,religion1 its cause1 b n its me?od4--,,m>t9eau4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,publi%]s1 ,,frankl9 ,,squ>e4 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahge1 by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress1 at ,wa%+ton4 ,,preface4 ,! pres5t volume 0 ann\nc$ 9 ! preface to ,*ri/ianity & ,greek ,philosophy z ne>ly ready = publication "u ! title ( ,*ri/ianity & ,mod]n ,?\ght4 ,sev]al consid]ations h induc$ ! au?or to delay its appe>ance1 ! mo/ influ5tial ( :i* has be5 ! desire to await ! culm9ation among a class ( self-/yl$ advanc$ ?9k]s ( :at !y h be5 pleas$ to call ! t5d5cy ( mod]n ?\ght4 ,no extraord9>y sagacity 0 ne$$ to =esee ! issue1 or to pr$ict t x mu/ soon be rea*$4 ,! transition has be5 rapid f negative criticism ( ! ,*ri/ian religion to direct assault ^u ! v f\ndation ( all religion--! p]sonality & provid5ce ( ,god4 ,di/ru/ ( a sup]natural revelation1 & d5ial ( all au?ority to ! tea*+ ( ! sacr$ ,scriptures1 has be5 succe$$ by d\bt ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god 9 ! prop] import ( t sacr$ "n4 ,! ,!i/ic po/ulate is degrad$ to ! rank ( a m]e hypo!sis1 :i* is pron\nc$ inadequate to expla9 ! univ]se4 ,a law-gov]n$ ,cosmos1 full ( life & reason1 et]nal & inf9ite1 mu/ n[ take ! place ( a p]sonal ,god1 ! ,creator & ,rul] ( ! univ]se4 ,?is is ! ,new ,fai? :i* is to sup]s$e ! ,old4 ,! "q1 ,are we /ill ,*ri/ians8 has receiv$ a f9al answ] 9 ! words ( ,/rauss3 ,if we w\ld speak z hone/1 upright m51 we mu/ ackn[l$ge we are no long] ,*ri/ians4#a ,& 9 giv+ ?is answ] he is confid5t he speaks 9 ! "n ( a l>ge & rapidly increas+ numb] ( m5 :o once believ$ 9 ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity--,! ,we ,i mean no long] c\nts only by ?\s&s4#b ,! fur!r "q1 ,h we /ill a ,religion8 7und]/&+ by religion ! recognition & v5]ation ( ,god1 & ! belief 9 a future life7 is also answ]$ 9 ! negative4 ,religion is a delusion1 to aboli% :i* ought to be ! endeavor ( e man ^: eyes are op5 to ! tru?4#c ,! only "q :i* n[ rema9s = ! speculative intellect is1 ,:at is our conception ( ! ,univ]se8--! conception :i* h5ce=? mu/ take ! place ( a p]sonal ,god4 ,! answ] ( ,/rauss is explicit1 & 9 8 e/imation f9al3 ,! conception ( ! ,cosmos1 in/ead ( t ( a p]sonal ,god z ! f9ality to :i* we are l$ by p]ception & ?\ght1 or z ! ultimate fact beyond :i* we c n proce$1 444 assumes ! m def9ite %ape ( matt] inf9itely agitat$1 :i*1 by diff]5tiation & integration1 develops itself to ev] high] =ms & functions1 & describes an ev]la/+ circle by evolution1 dissolution1 & !n fre% evolution4#d ,?is may be call$ pan!ism or a!ism1 mat]ialism or idealism1 j z we please2 ,/rauss has no solicitude ab\t m]e names4 ,if ?is be consid]$ pure1 unmitigat$ mat]ialism1 ,i w n dispute x4 ,9 fact1 ,i h always tacitly reg>d$ ! contra/ s l\dly proclaim$ betwe5 mat]ialism & idealism 7or by :atev] t]m "o may designate ! view oppos$ to ! =m]7 z a m]e qu>rel ab\t words4 ,!y h a common foe 9 ! dualism :i* p]vad$ ! conception ( ! _w ?r\gh\t ! ,*ri/ian era1 divid+ man into body & s\l1 8 exi/5ce into "t & et]nity1 & oppos+ an et]nal ,creator to a creat$ & p]i%able univ]se4#e ,! end is rea*$ at la/--no s\l1 no ,god1 no provid5ce1 no immortality6 ,we h wait$ = a culm9ation1 & n[ we are call$ ^u to look1 n into ! gold5 ,ori5t1 b vaguely all ar\nd into a dim1 copp] firmam5t pregnant ) e>?quake & tornado4 ,or1 r1 we are call$ to look into an abyss1 &1 %\t+ "q aft] "q into ! ,sibyl-cave ( ,de/9y1 receive no answ] save ! ,ev]la/+ ,no4 ,x only rema9s = u to li/5 to ,/rauss's ,de ,pr(undis & retire4 ,! loss ( ! belief 9 provid5ce belongs1 inde$1 to ! mo/ s5sible deprivations :i* are connect$ ) a r5unciation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,9 ! enorm\s ma*9e ( ! univ]se1 amid ! incessant :irl & hiss ( its jagg$ iron :eels1 amid ! deaf5+ cra% ( its pond]\s /amps & hamm]s1 9 ! mid/ ( ?is :ole t]rific commotion1 man--a helpless & def5seless creature--f9ds himself plac$1 n secure = a mom5t t on "s imprud5t motion a :eel may n seize & r5d him1 or a hamm] cru% him to p[d]4 ,?is s5se ( ab&onm5t is at fir/ some?+ awful4 ,b1 !n1 :at avails x to h rec\rse to an illusion8 ,our wi% is impot5t to refa%ion ! _w2 ! und]/&+ cle>ly %[s t x inde$ is su* a ma*9e4 ,b x is n m]ely ?is4 ,we d n only f9d ! revolution ( pitiless :eels 9 our _w-ma*9e1 b also ! %$d+ ( soo?+ oil4 ,our ,god ! _w-ma*9e does n1 inde$1 take u into 8 arms f ! outside1 b he unseals ! well-spr+ ( consolation )9 our own bosoms4444 ,he :o c n help himself 9 ?is matt] is beyond help1 is n yet ripe = our /&-po9t4#f ,!re is a weighty & solemn lesson 9 ?is illu/ration ( ! t5d5cy ( mod]n ?\ght--a lesson :i* ev5 ,/rauss int5d$ to tea* ! age1 viz41 t !re is no disc]nible via m$ia betwe5 ! ,old ,fai? & ! ,new--betwe5 ! belief 9 a p]sonal ,god & ! imp]sonal ,all4 ,! ,new ,fai? mu/ at la/ be ! fai? ( all :o reject provid5ce1 t provid5ce :i* is pre-em95tly reveal$ 9 hi/ory1 in/itut+ a k+dom ( ,god ^u e>? by a sup]natural guidance & grace4 ,! issue1 n[ s %>ply & cle>ly def9$1 betwe5 a ,god & no ,god1 has det]m9$ a *ange 9 ! plan ( our "w1 & ju/ifies1 we tru/1 ! attempt we h made to re/ate & def5d ,! ,!i/ic ,conception ( ! ,_w4 ,^? :o h done me ! honor to read ,*ri/ianity & ,greek ,philosophy w detect 9 ! pres5t volume a radical *ange ( views conc]n+ ! concepts ,"t & ,space4 ,?is *ange ( position is ! result ( pati5t reconsid]ation ( ?is bran* ( ! discussion1 & we allude to x "h simply to gu>d aga9/ ! *>ge ( unconsci\s inconsi/5cy4 ,! views pres5t$ 9 ?is volume mu/ /& or fall on _! own m]its4 ,! au?or has to ackn[l$ge _m obligations to 8 fri5d1 ,dr4 ,b]n>d ,moses1 = mat]ial aid r5d]$ 9 gett+ ?is "w ?r\gh ! press4 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,mi*igan1 ,july1 #ahge4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,problem ,,/at$ #ac ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,god ,,! ,,creator #bg ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,creation #ef ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,creation4--,,! ,,g5esis ,,or ,,beg9n+ #ig ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,creation3 ,,its ,,hi/ory #abg ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,cons]vation4--,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,god ,,to ,,! ,,_w #agb ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,cons]vation4--,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,god ,,to ,,! ,,_w #bjb ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,provid5ce ,,( ,,god ,,9 ,,human ,,hi/ory4--,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,god ,,to ,,humanity #bdd ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,special ,,provid5ce ,,& ,,pray] #bib ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,moral ,,gov]nm5t4--,,its ,,gr\nds1 ,,! ,,correlation ,,betwe5 ,,god ,,& ,,man #cdd ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,moral ,,gov]nm5t4--,,its ,,nature1 ,,condition1 ,,me?od1 ,,& ,,end #cff ,to su* read]s z h reflect$ on man's life2 :o und]/& t = man's well-be+ ,fai? is prop]ly ! "o ?+ ne$ful2 h[ ) x m>tyrs1 o!rwise weak1 c *e]fully endure ! %ame & ! cross2 & )\t x worldl+s puke up _! sick exi/5ce by suicide 9 ! mid/ ( luxury3 to su* x w be cle> t = a pure moral nature1 ! loss ( religi\s belief is ! loss ( e ?+4 ,all w\nds1 ! cru% ( long-cont9u$ de/itution1 ! /ab ( false fri5d%ip & ( false love1 all w\nds 9 ?y s g5ial he>t1 w\ld h heal$ aga9 _h n its life-w>m? be5 )drawn4 ,well maye/ ?\ exclaim1 ',is !re no ,god1 !n2 b at be/ an abs5tee ,god1 sitt+ idle1 ev] s9ce ! fir/ ,sabba?1 at ! outside ( 8 univ]se & see+ x g8' ',has ! ^w ,duty no mean+2 is :at we call ,duty no ,div9e mess5g] & guide1 b a false e>?ly phantasm made up ( desire & fe>8' ',is ! h]oic inspiration we "n ,virtue b "s passion2 "s bubble ( ! blood1 bubbl+ 9 ! direction o!rs pr(it by8' ,i "k n2 only ?is ,i "k1 ,if :at ?\ name/ ,happ9ess be our true aim1 !n are we all a/ray4 ',behold1 ?\ art fa!rless1 outca/1 & ! univ]se is--! ,devil's4'--,,c>lyle4 ,,! ,,!i/ic ,,conception ,,( ,,! ,,_w4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,problem ,,/at$4 ,z ,ar*im$es dem&$ only "o fix$ po9t 9 ord] to move ! _w1 s ,desc>tes desir$ to f9d "o c]ta9 & indubitable pr9ciple ^u :i* he c\ld plant 8 feet & lift himself out ( ! univ]sal d\bt :i* environ$ him4 ,he f\nd x 9 ! proposition--,i exi/4 ,?is = me is ! mo/ direct1 imm$iate1 & c]ta9 ( all intuitions4 ,i c n d\bt1 ,i c n d5y my own exi/5ce4 ,:atev] else ,i d\bt1 ,i c n d\bt t ,i1 ! d\bt]1 exi/4 ,?is ,i t ?9ks1 t is consci\s1 is ! fundam5tal reality4#g ,i see ar\nd me a plurality ( p]sonal exi/5ces :o are self-consci\s & self-manife/+ be+s--be+s :o ?9k & feel1 & display _! activities 9 "t & space1 z ,i d2 & ,i c no m d\bt _! exi/5ce ?an ,i c d\bt my own4 ,?is comb9ation ( ! cont5t ( ext]nal p]ception ) t ( int]nal p]ception gives ! imm$iate consci\sness ( ext]nal reality4#h ,besides ^! p]sonal exi/5ces analog\s to my own1 !re are o!r objects :i* exi/ 9 relation to my corporeal organism--relations ( position1 di/ance1 & direction1 :i* are purely objective4 ,^! exi/5ces (f] resi/ance to my muscul> ef=t to displace !m 9 space1 & defy all my m5tal ef=t to r$uce !m to ! category ( subjective ph5om5a4 ,^! objects h specific prop]ties or exi/ 9 c]ta9 conditions :i*1 9 _! mutual relation ) my s5sitive organism1 produce 9 me c]ta9 vital affections1 z heat1 light1 color1 & s\nd4 ,^! affections presuppose a =ce or en]gy outside ( my consci\sness1 & di/9ct f myself4 ,?us ,i am con/ra9$ to believe t ! e>? on :i* ,i tread1 ! heav5s t %9e ^u me1 ! =ms & movem5ts :i* surr\nd me1 are n va9 %ad[s1 unreal phantoms ( my own creation1 b real entities4 ,! totality ( exi/5ce call$ ! univ]se is = me a reality4 ,! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se are 9 ceaseless fl[ & *ange4 ,bodies are aggregat$ & dissolv$4 ,plants are evolv$ f g]ms1 !y live & gr[1 !n decay & p]i%4 ,animals & m5 are born & develop$ to maturity1 !n !y sick5 & die4 ,! e>? itself is 9 con/ant *ange4 ,! /orms ( heav51 ! erosion ( ! atmosph]e1 ! gnaw+ ( ! tidal wave1 ! m\nta9 torr5t1 ! fl[+ riv]1 ! e>?quake & ! volcano1 are p]petually *ang+ ! aspect ( ! globe4 ,!re is p]petual g5esis1 ceaseless becom+1 incessant *ange4 ,b5ea? all ^! *anges !re is an endur+ some?+4 ,!re are abid+ con/ants z well z fleet+ *anges2 endur+ realities z well z un/able ph5om5a4 ,! same =ms & relations1 ! same =ces & laws1 ! same analog\s functions1 & ! same ar*etypal ideas1 rema9 amid all individual *anges4 ,!re is an endur+ sub/ance :i* is ! subject ( all ^! *anges4 ,!re is a p]man5t =ce1 or p[]1 :i* is ! cause ( all *ange4 ,!re are con/ant num]ical proportions1 det]m9ate geometrical =ms1 specific ideal ar*etypes1 & special ends1 :i* give ! law ( all *ange4 ,! univ]se is n a m]e aggregation ( ph5om5a1 a m]e conc\rse ( ?+s 9 "t & space ) accid5tal resemblances3 x is a unity1 a cosmos1 a h>moni\s :ole1 bo? 9 its contemporane\s & successive hi/ory4 ,s mu* is & always has be5 kn[n1 ) m or less cle>ness & di/9ctness by all m51 & kn[n by a spontane\s & imm$iate intuition4 ,?is intuition1 l e intuition1 ev5 ! commone/ intuition ( s5se1 has _h a gradual developm5t bo? 9 ! consci\sness ( ! individual1 & 9 ! consci\sness ( ! race4 ,x has always be5 imman5t 9 human ?\ght ev5 :5 n articulately express$ 9 human language4 ,to ! native common-s5se ( our race1 ! _w is a reality1 n a dream2 to ! univ]sal reason ( mank9d ! univ]se is a h>mony1 n a *aos4 ,m5 h in/9ctively appreh5d$ "s ideal relations1 "s causal connection1 "s adaptation & purpose 9 nature1 & !y h always _h "s intuition1 h[ev] dim & %ad[y1 ( an all-p]vad+ unity1 & an ultimate causative pr9ciple4 ,b :5 ! univ]se has become ! object ( reflective ?\ght1 :5 man has attempt$ a colligation ( ! individual facts1 & an ideal con/ruction & rational int]pretation ( ! ph5om5a1 :5 he has s\ght to grasp ! manifoldness & div]sity ( nature 9 a high] unity ( ?\ght1 &1 above all1 :5 he has attempt$ to pass beyond ph5om5a & _! relations1 & =m a conception ( ! absolute reality & ultimate cause--!n x is t difficulties h aris5 & que/ions h pres5t$ !mselves :i* h p]plex$ ! discursive reason1 & tax$ ! g5ius ( ! able/ ?9k]s ( e age4 #a4 ,fir/ ( all1 !re h aris5 ! fundam5tal que/ions3 ,has ! univ]se always exi/$1 or _h ! ,cosmos1 ) its *anges & con/ants1 its =ces & laws1 its =ms & relations1 a ,beg9n+8 ,is its pres5t condition b "o l9k 9 an endless *a91 "o phasis 9 a s]ies ( *anges1 :i* _h no beg9n+ & %all h no end8 ,is ! univ]se limit$ bo? 9 space & duration1 or is x unlimit$1 unbeg9n+1 & endless8 #b4 ,if ! univ]se _h a beg9n+1 :at is ! --! orig9ant1 causative ,pr9ciple 9 :i* or f :i* x _h its beg9n+8 ,h[ are we to conceive aright t ,fir/ ,pr9ciple ( all exi/5ce & ( all k8 is x mat]ial or spiritual1 intellig5t or un9tellig5t8 #c4 ,:at conception are we to =m ( ! nature & mode ( t beg9n+8 ,0 x a pure sup]natural ,orig9ation--an absolute creation8 or 0 x simply a ,=mation out ( a fir/ matt] or fir/ =ce--an arti/ic1 ar*itectonic1 demiurgic creation8 ,0 t beg9n+ det]m9$ by necessity or by *oice8 ,0 x an unconsci\s emanation f1 or a necess>y developm5t (1 ! ,fir/ ,pr9ciple2 or 0 x a consci\s =?-putt+ ( p[] = ! realization ( a =ese51 prem$itat$1 pr$et]m9$ plan--a m5tal ,ord]4 #d4 ,a sup]natural ,orig9ation be+ assum$1 !n1 f t fir/ initial act ( absolute creation1 has ! process ( =mation be5 gradual1 cont9u\s1 & uni=m--a progressive ,evolution f ! homog5e\s to ! het]og5e\s1 f l[] to high] =ms1 accord+ to a *angeless law ( uni=mity & cont9uity8 or h !re be5 m>k$1 di/9ct1 & successive /ages ( =mation--creative epo*s :i* may be call$ new beg9n+s8 ,is ! hi/oric unity ( creation a unity ( ,?\ght1 an ideal consecution8 or is x simply a physical unity gr\nd$ 9 a mat]ial nexus--a g5etic connection result+ f ! necess>y action ( physical causes8 #e4 ,:at is ! relation ( ! ,creator to ! exi/+ creation8 ,is ! ,deity1 9 any s5se1 imman5t 91 or does he dwell altoge!r ap>t f1 & out ( all connection )1 ! univ]se8 ,has any f9ite ?+ or be+ an indep5d5t exi/5ce8 ,h ! =ces ( nature any reality ap>t f ! ,div9e effici5cy8 ,did ! ,creator1 9 ! beg9n+1 give self-be+ to ! sub/ance ( ! univ]se1 & end[ x ) prop]ties & =ces1 s t x c exi/ & act ap>t f1 & indep5d5tly (1 ! ,fir/ ,cause8 or is ,god /ill 9 nature uphold+ all sub/ance1 ! p[] ( all =ce1 ! life ( all life1 %ap+ all =ms1 & organiz+ all sy/ems8 ,is ,god n only ! ,creator b ! ,cons]vator ( all ?+s8 #f4 ,is !re any ,e?ical mean+1 any moral significance 9 ! univ]se8 ,is ! physical ord] ( ! univ]se subord9at$ to a moral ord] 9 :i* fre$om exi/s8 ,are !re any indications t ! exi/5ce ( moral p]sonality is ! end t[>d :i* all ! successive *anges ( nature h t5d$1 & ! progressive types ( life h be5 a prep>ation & a prophecy8 ,0 ! e>? design$ to be a !atre = ! developm5t ( moral "*1 ! education & discipl9e ( moral be+s8 ,does ! c\rse ( hi/ory reveal a p[] t works = righte\sness1 & aims at ! highe/ p]fection ( rational & free be+s8 ,9 a ^w1 is !re a ,provid5tial ,gov]nm5t ( ! _w8 #g4 ,does man /& 9 a m imm$iate relation to ,god ?an ! ?+s ( nature8 ,is ea* individual ! *>ge ( a provid5ce1 ! subject ( a moral gov]nm5t1 & ! heir to a future retribution8 ,has man a spiritual & immortal nature8 ,has he ! p[] s to det]m9e 8 own action & "* t he c ju/ly be held acc\ntable1 & treat$ z ! prop] subject ( rew>d & puni%m5t8 ,9 ! f9al issue ( ?+s1 w e human be+ meet 8 righte\s des]ts1 & be rew>d$ or puni%$ accord+ to 8 works8 ,9 %ort1 is man "u ,moral ,gov]nm5t8 ,^! are ! great1 ! vital que/ions ( to-day4 ,9 "o =m or ano!r !y h engag$ ! att5tion & /imulat$ ! e>ne/ ?\ght ( ! able/ & be/ ( m9ds 9 pa/ ages2 &1 :e!r f ! inh]5t dem& ( reason1 or ! prompt+s ( in/9ctive curiosity1 !y h a deep] hold on ! m9d ( ?is1 ?an ( any prec$+ age4 ,we approa* ! discussion ( ^! que/ions ) a pr(\nd conviction ( _! magnitude & difficulty1 & an oppressive =ebod+ t our essay w be pron\nc$ ambiti\s & va94 ,_! va/ness seems to defy our admeasurem5t1 & _! complexity & difficulty may defeat our feeble ef=ts at solution4 ,! m]-de-glace ( ! ,inf9ite is cov]$ ) myriads ( philosophic insects :i* h be5 c>ri$ up !re & lo/4 ,may we hope = any bett] fate8 ,d ! problems p]mit any solution at all8 ,( "o ?+1 at any rate1 we are sure3 ^! que/ions are native to ! human m9d4 ,!y arise spontane\sly 9 pres5ce ( ! facts ( ! univ]se4 ,h[ev] mu* ( human ef=t to solve ^! problems has end$ 9 failure & defeat1 ! human m9d has nev] lo/ confid5ce 9 ! possibility ( _! ultimate solution1 & humanity has nev] ab&on$ !m 9 despair4#i ,a few impati5t s\ls h plung$ into ,pyrrhonism & tak5 refuge 9 univ]sal skepticism2 :ile o!rs h s\ght to organize nesci5ce into a sci5ce4 ,b pati5t1 e>ne/ s\ls h nev] ca/ away _! fai? 9 ! integrity ( univ]sal reason1 & h nev] ceas$ to believe t its ideas & laws are1 9 tru?1 ! ideas & laws ( ! univ]se4 ,^! problems are ! great problems ( all philosophy1 & all religion2 & unless philosophy be a dream1 & religion an illusion1 !y are capable ( su* a solution z %all satisfy ! reason ( man4#aj ,?is conviction1 :i* is common to ! mass ( ?\ghtful m51 w ju/ify e attempt ( philosophy to atta9 to an ultimate unity ( ?\ght4 ,! ultimate h>mony ( physical1 philosophical1 & religi\s tru? is ! fai? ( all noble m9ds4 ,! signs ( ! times are propiti\s4 ,to-day ! conflict betwe5 reason & fai?1 sci5ce & religion1 pres5ts _m hopeful indications ( an approa*+ conciliation4 ,c&id m5 9 bo? fields are e>ne/ly work+1 & pati5tly wat*+1 & h\rly cat*+ cle>] glimpses ( ! ev]la/+ h>mony :i* p]vades ! univ]se ( be+ & ( ?\ght4 ,e1 ev5 ! smalle/1 contribution made ) an hone/ purpose to give confid5ce & collimation to ?is movem5t1 w be welcome to all e>ne/ m9ds4 ,?is may be our apology = attempt+ a task t belongs to /rong] intellects ?an ours4 ,x is obvi\s1 at fir/ ?\ght1 t ! que/ions be=e u admit ( no loose & desultory treatm5t4 ,abysses are n to be conceal$ by laurel scre5s1 or *asms bridg$ by fl[]s ( rhetoric4 ,if we are to rea* any satisfactory conclusions1 our proc$ure mu/ be rigidly sy/ematic & logically exact4 ,we mu/ h a fix$ po9t ( dep>ture1 &1 if possible1 a faultless me?od ( advance4 ,! fundam5tal "q mu/ be det]m9$4 ,! c5tral problem mu/ be asc]ta9$1 & we mu/ deal ) all correlative que/ions 9 _! logical connection ) ! "o fundam5tal inquiry4 ,fir/ ( all1 !n1 c we place t c5tral problem cle>ly be=e our m5tal vision8 ,amid ! div]se que/ions :i* spontane\sly arise 9 pres5ce ( ! div]sifi$ ph5om5a ( nature1 & ! wond]ful evolutions ( humanity1 c we fix ^u ! "o "q 9 :i* all o!rs are involv$--! gr& und]ly+ problem :i* compreh5ds !m all8 ,a little reflection w make x app>5t t ! problem ( all problems is ?is-- ,h[ %all we conceive aright ! ,,fir/ ,,pr9ciple & ,,orig9 ( all ?+s1 itself unorig9at$ & unbeg9n+1 ! s\rce ( all beg9n+s8 ,or aga91 :at is t ,,fir/ ,,pr9ciple :i*1 be+ assum$1 %all be f\nd a suffici5t explanation ( ! motion & *ange1 ! ord] & adaptation1 ! life & feel+1 ! consci\sness & reason1 we call1 collectively1 ! univ]se8 ,?is is cle>ly ! fundam5tal "q on :i* all ! o!rs are gr\nd$1 & 9 ! solution ( :i* !y h _! solution4 ,! univ]se pres5ts itself to s5se & s5se-p]ception z a p]petual g5esis1 a va/ aggregation & hi/ory ( ph5om5a condition$ 9 "t & space :i*1 by its div]sity & mutability1 is disqualifi$ f be+ reg>d$ z indep5d5t & self-exi/5t4 ,to our exp]i5tial k1 to our physical sci5ce 9 its highe/ g5]alizations1 ! univ]se is a product1 an effect4 ,& x is an effect = :i* ! reason dem&s an explanation & a cause4 ,x is a manifoldness & div]sity :i* ! logical und]/&+ is ceaselessly endeavor+ to r$uce to a unity4 ,inde$1 e movem5t ( ?\ght1 f ! fir/ rude attempt at classification on ! simple basis ( resemblance1 upw>d to ! recognition ( m pr(\nd ideal relations & uni=m laws1 until its culm9ation 9 ! highe/ integration ( reason1 is b ! ef=t ( ! m9d to grasp ! individual facts ( nature 9 a unity ( ?\ght1 & int]pret ! univ]se accord+ to pr9ciples & ideas :i* ! reason supplies4 ,! mom5t reflective ?\ght is direct$ to ! ph5om5al _w1 ! que/ions spontane\sly arise--,out ( :at does ! ph5om5al come8 ,by :at ag5cy or effici5cy does x arise8 ,:y does x pres5t itself 9 ?is ord] r ?an ano!r8 ,or1 m specifically--,:at is ! abid+ reality :i* su/a9s ! array ( ph5om5a8 ,:at is ! invisible p[] :i* effects all ! *anges we see ar\nd u8 ,:at is t unse5 pres5ce :i* det]m9es ! =ms1 relations1 & adaptations :i* e :]e pres5t !mselves to ! reason ( man8 ,9 a ^w1 ,:at is t ultimate pr9ciple--! la/ or remote/ 9 ! ord] ( analytic ?\ght1 ! fir/ 9 ! ord] ( be+ & ( reason--:i* su/a9s & moves & organizes & gov]ns all--t fundam5tal1 abid+ ,,primus :i* is ev]la/+ly pres5t beh9d ! sc5]y & *anges ( ! _w--t :i* always 01 & n[ is1 & ev] %all be ,,fir/8 ,or if we p]mit ourselves to reg>d ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s z a necess>y out-bir? f ! pa/1 /ill we are compell$ by a labori\s ef=t ( regressive ?\ght to climb upw>d ?r\gh a s]ies ( *anges to an absolutely ,,fir/ ( ! s]ies condition+ all ! o!r memb]s1 b itself uncondition$4 ,few w n[ claim t ?is is ! natural & adequate cosmical conception2 b1 ev5 "u ?is mode ( conception1 we c n b feel t a developm5t )\t a beg9n+ ( ! process1 a s]ies )\t a fir/ t]m1 is impossible4 ,! absolute inf9ity ( a s]ies is a contradiction 9 adjecto4 ,z e numb]1 al?\gh immeasurably & inconceivably great1 is impossible unless unity is giv5 z its basis1 s e s]ies1 be+ itself a numb]1 is impossible unless a fir/ t]m is giv5 z its comm5cem5t4 ,!re=e ! "q /ill returns--,:at is t ,fir/ ,pr9ciple ( all ?+s8 ,9 ob$i5ce to ?is dem& ( reason1 or impell$ by an innate wond]--! feel+ ( ! philosoph]--m5 h 9 all ages attempt$ an ideal con/ruction & rational int]pretation ( ! univ]se4#aa ,! ,my?ologies1 ,cosmogonies1 ,philosophies1 ,religions ( ! anci5t _w 7 ! simple products ( ?is innate t5d5cy4 ,beyond ! circle ( ?\ght illum9at$ by ,div9e revelation1 ! fir/ movem5t ( reflection 0 unme?odical & incomplete4 ,pursu+ ! inquiries objectively1 t is1 9 ! realm ( outw>d nature1 & n subjectively 9 ! realm ( reason1 ! human m9d 0 p]petually entangl$ ) duali/ic conceptions4 ,!re 7 contr>ieties1 pol>ities1 antagonisms1 :i* ! logical und]/&+ c\ld n cancel4 ,h5ce we h1 z an e>ly1 p]haps ! e>lie/1 =m ( con/ruction1 an ,ori5tal ,dualism--z 9 ! ,adonis & ,molo* ( ! ,phnicians1 ! ,isis & ,osiris ( ! ,egyptians1 ! ,ormuzd & ,ahriman ( ! ,p]sians1 ! ,*aos & ,love ( ,orpheus1 ! ,pl5um & ,vacuum 7,matt] & ,space7 ( ,democritus1 & ev5 "s l+]+ ta9t 9 ! ,god & ,necessity ( ,plato's ,timu4 ,b all ?is 0 unsatisfactory to human reason1 :i* is a unity1 & :i* makes its imp]i\s dem& t absolute unity %all /& at ! f\nta9-head ( be+4 ,x has nev] be5 able to re/ 9 an ,ultimate :i* 0 n an ,absolute--t is1 a unity :i* by its v idea & conception is ! negation ( all plurality & mutability2 a unity :i* is uncondition$1 & yet :i* conditions all2 an et]nal con/ancy1 ! volunt>y cause ( all g5esis & all *ange4#ab ,x is a law ( reason1 "u :i* alone x c ma9ta9 its integrity1 t ! ,fir/ ,cause mu/ be ,,"o1 & n _m4 ,an absolute cause mu/ be "o 9 ord] to be absolute2 two absolutes is a contradiction4 ,) m or less cle>ness1 m5 9 all ages h appreh5d$ t ! ,fir/ ,pr9ciple mu/ be "o or no?+4 ,?is is tacitly conc$$ 9 all mod]n sy/ems ( ?\ght4 ,b*n]1 ! mat]iali/2 ,sp5c]1 ! dynami/2 ,hegel1 ! ideali/2 ,c\s9 & ,col]idge1 ! spirituali/s1 "k no div]g5ce "h4 ,a!ism1 ,pan!ism1 & ,!ism alike comm5ce ) unity at ! f\nta9-head ( be+--a unity :i* is incomposite1 absolutely cont9u\s1 e :]e pres5t & et]nal4 ,e sy/em ( philosophy is ess5tially an ef=t to %[ h[ ! univ]se t n[ is has be5 orig9at$ by1 or evolv$ out (1 or has emanat$ f1 a ,fir/ ,pr9ciple1 an absolute ,unity4 ,to det]m9e :e!r ?is absolute ,fir/ ,pr9ciple c be kn[n1 &1 if kn[n1 h[ conceiv$ & express$ aright1 is ! ultimate problem ( all philosophy & all religion4 ,all ! answ]s :i* h be5 giv51 &1 inde$1 all :i* c be conceiv$1 are conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ f\r propositions3 #a4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ,,matt]--matt] z ! orig9al sub/ance or sub/ratum1 ) its inh]5t1 ess5tial1 & necess>y attribute ( =ce2 ?is alone is et]nal & inf9ite4 ,no =ce )\t matt]--no matt] )\t =ce4 ,matt] & its imman5t =ce is immortal & inde/ructible4 ,! _w is unlimit$ & inf9ite4#ac ,matt]1 ) its prim>y =ces ( attraction & repulsion1 cohesion & aff9ity1 is fully adequate to ! explanation ( all ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 physical1 vital1 & m5tal4 #b4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ,,=ce--=ce homog5e\s b un/able1 & necess>ily t5d+ to diff]5tiation & het]og5eity2 splitt+ into opposites1 /&+ (f into pol>ities1 ramify+ into attractions & repulsions1 light1 heat1 magnetism1 & electricity2 & m\nt+ up ?r\gh ! /ages ( physical1 vital1 & neural to ! m5tal life itself1 ) all its v>i$ & endless ph5om5a1 z reveal$ 9 ! languages1 laws1 in/itutions1 arts1 sci5ces1 & religions ( ! _w4 ,=ce is ! ultimate ( all ultimates1 ! ,absolute ,reality1 ! ,uncondition$ ,cause4#ad #c4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ,,?\ght--?\ght z an et]nal process ( self-manife/ation & self-actualization1 :i* 9 its necess>y evolution reveals itself z =ce1 & expresses itself 9 ! v>i$ types ( exi/5ce & laws ( ph5om5a1 natural & spiritual4 ,! ,absolute ,idea1 z a p]petual process1 an et]nal ?9k+1 is ! supreme pr9ciple ( all reality4 ,! idea ( ! ,absolute ,_s compreh5ds ! entire weal? ( ! natural & ! spiritual _w2 x is ! only sub/ance & tru? ( ?is weal?1 & no?+ is true & real except s f> z x =ms an elem5t ( its be+4#ae #d4 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ,,w--an uncondition$ ,w z ! indivisible unity & p]petual diff]5tiation ( ,reason & ,p[] & ,love4 ,?is ,uncondition$ ,w is ! causative pr9ciple ( all ,reality1 all ,effici5cy1 & all ,p]fection--a causative pr9ciple conta9+1 pr$et]m9+1 & produc+ all ! manifold =ms & relations1 =ces & laws ( ! univ]se 9 ref]5ce to a f9al purpose4 ,?is ,absolute ,fir/ ,cause is a liv+ p]sonal ,be+1 f :om1 9 :om1 & to :om are all ?+s4#af ,! fir/ & second ( ^! propositions coalesce ) ! cre$ ( ,a!ism1 ! ?ird ) ! cre$ ( ,pan!ism1 ! f\r? is ! cre$ ( ,!ism1 &1 z we hope to prove 9 subsequ5t *apt]s1 ! only rational & adequate explanation ( ! facts ( ! univ]se4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,god ,,! ,,creator4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?4--,g54 i4 #a4 ,,god t made ! _w & all ?+s !re94444 ,he is ,"l ( heav5 & e>?4--,acts xvii4 #bd4 ,! ,et]nal ,w is ! creator ( ! _w z ,he is ! creator ( ! f9ite p]son4--,,fi*te4 ,god is ! fir/ pr9ciple1 ! uncondition$ cause ( all exi/5ce4 ,?is is ! answ] ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e to ! great problem pres5t$ = solution 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,:e!r ?is fundam5tal presupposition %all be f9ally accept$ z ! only adequate solution ( ! problem ( exi/5ce w dep5d 9 a l>ge degree ^u our appreh5sion ( ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god4 ,we %all1 !re=e1 op5 ! discussion by ask+ ! "q--,:at is ! cont5t ( our conception ( ,god8 ,dogmatic !ology might re/ satisfi$ ) ! simple affirmation1 ,god is ,,god1#ag z aga9/ all ! capti\s dem&s ( sci5ce1 7 x n necess>y to r5d] an acc\nt to itself ( :at1 at fir/ sight1 might be pron\nc$ a sublime tautology4 ,=1 :ile x is h]eby confess$ t ,god 9 8 ess5tial be+ is incompreh5sible & ineffable1 s t to ! ,*ri/ian z well z to ! philosoph] he is ! great ,unkn[n1 /ill x is n h]eby admitt$ t x is absolutely impossible to "k ,god4 ,to affirm t ,god is absolutely ! ,unkn[able is simply to ass]t 8 unreality4 ,mr4 ,m>t9eau has f9ely obs]v$ t ?is t]m is self-contradictory2 = we affirm by ! use ( x t we "k s mu* t ,he c n be kn[n4 ,nay1 x assumes ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 & 9 ! same brea? sep>ates u f ,him =ev]4 ,b if x be admitt$ t ,god is1 x c n be absolutely impossible to "k :at ,he is4 ,! k ( exi/5ce & ! =m ( exi/5ce mutually condition ea* o!r4 ,!re mu/ be some?+ 9 ! und]/&+ answ]+ to ! t]m 9 ! language ( mank9d1 & !re mu/ be some?+ 9 ! realm ( be+ :i* is ! gr\nd ( ! idea 9 ! reason ( ,man4 ,! hea!n h a pres5tim5t1 a dim intuition ( ! unkn[n ,god1 & ! inspir$ tea*] may s decl>e ,him 9 human language t 8 he>]s may receive a def9ite notion1 & atta9 to a practical k ( ,god4 ,! idea ( ,god is a common ph5om5on ( ! univ]sal intellig5ce ( our race1 & mu/ h be5 pres5t to ! ?\ght ( man ev5 be=e he utt]$ ! "n ( ,god4#ah ,! mom5t man becomes consci\s ( himself1 & kn[s himself z di/9ct f ! _w1 t same mom5t he becomes consci\s ( a ,high] ,self--a liv+ ,p[] ^u :i* bo? himself & ! _w dep5d4 ,= ?is ,high] ,self all nations h f\nd a "n4 ,all languages h a t]m cognate ) ! ,saxon ,god1 :i* expresses t spontane\s consci\sness ( a sup]natural p[] :i* is common to all m9ds--t intuition ( a supramundane exi/5ce :i* is ! gr\nd & reason ( all o!r exi/5ce4 ,ev5 ,poly!ism has a "n = ! ab/ract ( all ! gods1 :i* sets =? ! ideas ( be+1 p[]1 causality1 & p]sonality4 ,& 9 ,*ri/ian l&s ! t]m ,god1 )\t any p]iphrasis1 at once repres5ts ! idea ( a ,be+ di/9ct f self & ! _w1 :o is ! ,mak] ( ! _w & ! ,fa!r ( humanity4 ,= all practical ends x is en\gh to say ,god is ,god4 ,x is only :5 reflective ?\ght seeks to express "s m specific & det]m9ate conception ( ! ,supreme ,be+ t we f9d ourselves "u ! necessity ( add+ o!r expletives to ?is t]m ,god4 ,x is !re=e desirable t we %\ld set d[n1 9 a provisional =m1 ! g5]al conception ( ,god z x exi/s 9 ! m9d ( ! ,!i/ & ! ,*ri/ian4 ,i c n d ?is bett] ?an by select+ f ! writ+s ( ?ree m5 ( div]se s*ools ( ?\ght--"o a ,physici/1 ano!r a ,metaphysician1 ! ?ird a ,!ologian2 & all 9 a great] or less degree influ5c$ by ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,my fir/ selection w be f ! ,m$itations ( ,desc>tes1 :o is reg>d$ z ! fa!r ( mod]n philosophy4 ,by ! "n ( ,god1 says he1 ,i mean an inf9ite1 et]nal1 immutable1 indep5d5t1 omnisci5t1 omnipres5t sub/ance1 by :i* ,i & all o!r ?+s :i* are h be5 creat$ & produc$4#ai ,my second selection is f ! ,pr9cipia ( ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 a "w :i*1 by ! g5]al cons5t ( ! sci5tific _w1 is ! greate/ contribution ev] made to sci5ce4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton 0 a ,physici/ r ?an a ,metaphysician2 he w !re=e repres5t to u ! conception ( ,god ent]ta9$ by ! sci5tific ,!i/4 ,at ! close ( ?is 8 great "w he writes3 ,! true ,god is a liv+1 intellig5t1 p[]ful ,be+1 &1 f ,8 o!r p]fections1 x foll[s t ,he is ,supreme1 or mo/ p]fect4 ,he is et]nal & inf9ite1 omnipot5t & omnisci5t2 t is1 ,8 duration rea*es f et]nity to et]nity1 ,8 pres5ce f inf9ity to inf9ity4 ,he gov]ns all ?+s1 & kn[s all ?+s t are or c be done4 ,he is n et]nity & inf9ity1 b et]nal & inf9ite4 ,he is n duration or space1 b ,he endures & is pres5t4 ,he endures =ev]1 & ,he is e :]e pres5t2 & by exi/+ always & e :]e1 ,he con/itutes or causes duration & space4 ,s9ce e p>ticle ( space is always1 & e indivisible mom5t ( duration is e :]e1 c]ta9ly ! ,mak] & ,"l ( all ?+s c n be nev] & n[h]e4444 ,god is ! same ,god1 always & e :]e4 ,he is omnipres5t1 n virtually pot5tially only1 b also sub/antially2 = virtue c n subsi/ )\t sub/ance4 ,9 ,him all ?+s are conta9$ & mov$1 yet nei!r affects ! o!r4 ,god suff]s no?+ f ! motion ( bodies2 bodies f9d no resi/ance f ! omnipres5ce ( ,god4 ,x is all[$ by all t ! ,supreme ,god exi/s necess>ily2 & by ! same necessity exi/s always & e :]e4444 ,we "k ,him only by ,8 mo/ wise & excell5t contrivances ( ?+s & f9al causes2 we admire ,him = ,8 p]fections2 b we rev]5ce & adore ,him on acc\nt ( ,8 dom9ion4 ,a ,god )\t dom9ion1 provid5ce1 & f9al causes is no?+ else b ,fate & ,nature4 ,bl9d me*anical necessity1 :i* is c]ta9ly ! same always & e :]e1 c\ld produce no v>iety ( ?+s4 ,all t div]sity ( natural ?+s :i* we f9d suit$ to diff]5t times & places c\ld arise f no?+ b ! ideas & w ( a ,be+ necess>ily exi/+4 ,my la/ selection is f ! ,gramm> ( ,ass5t1 by ,john ,h5ry ,newman1 =m]ly a ,prote/ant1 n[ a ,ca?olic div9e4 ,prior to 8 *ange ( !ological position he publi%$ a rem>kable "w ,on ! ,developm5t ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e 9 ,aid ( a ,gramm> ( ,ass5t1 ! design ( :i* is to exhibit ! influ5ce ( philosophic ?\ght ^u ! evolution ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 & to br+ x into h>mony ) ! !ories ( ,cosmical1 ,physiological1 & ,hi/orical developm5t1 :i* seem = ! pres5t to be 9 ! asc5dant4 ,= ?is reason ,i *oose to employ 8 words1 z sett+ =? ! conception ( ,god :i* is g5]ally ent]ta9$ by ?\ghtful m54 ,at page n9ety-sev5 ( 8 la/ "w1 ,! ,gramm> ( ,ass5t1 ,i read3 ,!re is "o ,god1 su* & su* 9 ,nature & ,attributes4 ,i say 'su* & su*1' =1 unless ,i expla9 :at ,i mean by "o ,god1 ,i use words :i* may mean any ?+ or no?+4 ,i may mean a m]e anima mundi2 or an initial pr9ciple :i* once 0 9 action & n[ is n2 or collective humanity4 ,i speak !n ( ! "o ,god ( ! ,!i/ & ( ! ,*ri/ian3 a ,god :o is num]ically ,"o1 :o is ,p]sonal2 ! ,au?or1 ,su/a9]1 & ,f9i%] ( all ?+s1 ! ,life ( ,law & ,ord]1 ! moral ,gov]nor4 ,"o :o is ,supreme & ,sole2 l ,himself1 unlike all ?+s besides ,himself1 :i* all are b 8 creatures2 di/9ct f1 indep5d5t (1 !m all4 ,"o :o is self-exi/+1 absolutely inf9ite1 :o has ev] be5 & ev] w be1 to :om no?+ is pa/ or future2 :o is all p]fection1 & ! fullness & ar*etype ( e possible excell5ce1 ! ,tru? itself1 ,wisdom1 ,love1 ,ju/ice1 ,hol9ess2 ,"o :o is ,all-p[]ful1 ,all-kn[+1 ,omnipres5t1 ,incompreh5sible4 ,^! are "s ( ! di/9ctive pr]ogatives :i* ,i ascribe unconditionally & unres]v$ly to ! great ,be+ :om ,i call ,god4 ,^! /atem5ts ( ! ,!i/ic conception w be reg>d$ by mo/ m5 z adequate & satisfactory4 ,!y w be accept$ by ! sci5tific ,!i/ & approv$ by ! dogmatic ,!ologian4 ,!y pres5t ! idea ( ,god )9 ! sph]e ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght2 t is1 reflective ?\ght in=m$ & illum9at$ by ! revelations ( ,god :i* are giv5 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be confess$ t !y are defective 9 sci5tific =m1 philosophical developm5t1 & logical articulation4 ,!y d n pres5t ! conception ( ,god 9 h>mony ) any pr9ciples ( ,rational ,integration4 ,!y %[ no attempt to comb9e ! v>i\s elem5ts ( ?is conception 9 ! unity ( an ,absolute ,pr9ciple1 an ,ultimate & ,fundam5tal ,idea4 ,! aim ( all true philosophy is to atta9 to ! insight ( ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 yea1 to ! insight ( ! ,absolute ,fir/ ,pr9ciple f :i* :atev] n[ is mu/ be d]iv$1 & 9 :i* :atev] is mu/ h its intelligible gr\nd & suffici5t reason4 ,!re exi/s 9 man1 z ! ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( 8 humanity1 a p[] or faculty ( intellig5ce1 be/ nam$ ! ,reason1 :i* awak5s 9 him ! desire & furni%es to him ! law t enables him to fulfill ! inh]5t desire ( comb9+ all 8 manifold kn[l$ges 9 ! unity ( su* ,absolute ,fir/ ,pr9ciple2 & ! "o fundam5tal law ( ?is faculty is ! ,law ( ,suffici5t ,reason1 :i* has be5 ?us en\nc$ by ,leibnitz3 ,:atev] exi/s1 or beg9s to be1 mu/ h a suffici5t reason = its exi/5ce1 & :y x is z x is1 & n o!rwise2 or1 to give ! pr9ciple a full]1 & at ! same "t a legitimate expansion--,= all g5esis1 or beg9n+1 !re mu/ be an adequate ,cause2 b5ea? all appe>ance1 all *angeful & fleet+ ph5om5a1 !re mu/ be a p]man5t ,be+ or ,reality2 beyond all ! div]se & manifold1 !re mu/ be an ultimate ,id5tity1 an incomposite indivisible ,unity2 & 9 all ord] & special adaptation1 !re mu/ be a unify+ ,?\ght1 a def9ite ,purpose & ,end4 ,! ,reason ( man c f9d satisfaction & h>mony only 9 ! recognition ( an ,absolute ,fir/ ,pr9ciple :i* %all compreh5d & unite all ^! univ]sal & necess>y ideas :i* are ! correlates ( ! facts ( exp]i5ce2 t is1 an ,absolute ,fir/ ,pr9ciple :i* %all be ! ,ultimate ,reality1 ! ,ultimate ,cause1 ! ,ultimate ,unity1 & ! ,ultimate ,reason ( all exi/5ce4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,reason is n & c n be satisfi$ )\t ! cle> insight ( a ,causative ,pr9ciple conta9+1 pr$et]m9+1 & produc+ all ! actual results we see ar\nd u1 ) _! ord]ly relations 9 ref]5ce to a f9al purpose1 reason1 or end2 & :i* causative pr9ciple exi/s n only z ! orig9ative & con/ructive1 b also z ! cons]vative en]gy ( all ?+s2 a ,be+ :o is be=e all ?+s1 & by :om all ?+s consi/1 f :om1 9 :om1 & to :om are all ?+s4 ,& n[ :at is ?is ,absolute ,fir/ ,pr9ciple1 causative ( all exi/5ce1 :i* ! spontane\s reason has always intuitively appreh5d$1 & :i* ! reflective reason has always f\nd to be ! adequate1 & only adequate explanation ( ! univ]se8 ,i answ] 9 a ^w1 x is ,,an ,,uncondition$ ,,w ,,or ,,self-,,directive ,,p[]1 ,,see+ ,,its ,,own ,,way1 ,,& ,,hav+ ,,! ,,reason ,,& ,,law ,,( ,,its ,,action ,,9 ,,itself ,,alone4 ,?is always & e :]e has be5 intuitively appreh5d$1 ) m or less cle>ness1 z /&+ at ! f\nta9-head ( all exi/5ce4 ,?is1 !n1 we %all po/ulate z ! fundam5tal axiom ( all rational integration1 viz41 ,,an ,,uncondition$ ,,w1 ! pr9ciple ( all ,reality1 all ,effici5cy1 & all ,p]fection4 #a4 ,an uncondition$ ,w :i* realizes itself 9 ,,ips,,ity--self-pot5cy & self-affirmation2 expresses itself 9 t augu/ "n ( ,god ,i ,,am2 & con/itutes ,,absolute ,,reality4 #b4 ,an uncondition$ ,w :i* manife/s itself 9 ,,alt]ity--pluri-effici5cy2 utt]s itself 9 ! ,i ,,w ( ! creative fiat2 & con/itutes ,,inf9ite ,,effici5cy4 #c4 ,an uncondition$ ,w :i* returns to itself 9 ,,totality--a complete ,ideal to be realiz$ 9 ,creation2 :i* expresses its satisfaction 9 pron\nc+ all ?+s v good1 & con/itutes ,,p]fect ,,p]sonality4 ,! *angeless correlation & inh]5t h>mony ( ^! ideas ( ! reason 7,reality1 ,effici5cy1 & ,p]sonality7 may be r5d]$ m obvi\s by ! foll[+ =mula1 aft] ! me?od ( ,col]idge's pol> logic4#bj ,,pro!sis ,,uncondition$ ,,w _/ _/-----------------_/ ------------------ ,,!sis _/ ,,meso!sis ,,anti!sis _/ ,,ips,,ity-----,effici5t ,,causality ,effici5t----,,alt]ity _/ ,f9al _/ ----------------- _/------------------_/ _/ ,,totality ,,syn!sis ,,pro!sis expresses ! absolute id5tity or et]nal co-inh]5ce ( ,reason1 ,love1 & ,p[] 7! ,div9e ,ess5ce74 ,,!sis expresses ,p[] 9 ! =m ( ,love 7! ,div9e ,self-suffici5cy & ,self-pot5cy74 ,,anti!sis expresses ,reason 9 ! =m ( ,p[] 7! ,div9e ,effici5cy74 ,,syn!sis expresses ! div]sity 9 unity ( ,reason1 ,love1 & ,p[] 7! ,div9e ,p]fection74 ,& ,,meso!sis expresses ! ess5tial correlations :i* integrate ! :ole 7! ,triunity ( ! manife/$ ,god74 ,?us ,absolute ,reality1 ,inf9ite ,effici5cy1 & ,p]fect ,p]sonality are all1 z a triplicity1 conta9$ 9 ! fundam5tal unity ( an uncondition$ ,w1 :i* has ,love z its motive1 ,p[] z its ag5t1 & ,reason z its light & law4 ,& n[ let u retire )9 our own consci\sness1 & see if ?is fundam5tal axiom ( rational integration--,w z ! pr9ciple ( all ,reality1 ,effici5cy1 & ,p]fection--is n reflect$ 9 our reason1 & evolv$ 9 our inn] exp]i5ce4 ,d we n f9d t ! c5tral po9t ( our consci\sness--t :i* makes ea* man :at he is 9 contradi/9ction f e o!r man--t :i* expresses ! real ess5ce ( ! s\l ap>t f its =mal processes & regulative laws--is ! ,,w8 ,)\t ,w man w\ld fall back f ! elevation :i* he n[ assumes to ! level ( imp]sonal nature3 9 a ^w1 he w\ld be a ?+1 & n a p[]4 ,p[]1 spontaneity1 causality1 w--^!1 or simil> =ms1 express1 z ne>ly z c be1 ! ess5tial nature or pr9ciple ( ! human s\l4#ba ,fur!rmore1 x is obvi\s t m]e ,p[] or ,en]gy does n suffice = ! notion ( ,w--!re mu/ also be ,reason & ,affection4#bb ,inde$1 ,w is contemplat$ univ]sally z ! insep>able union & p]petual diff]5tiation ( ,intellig5ce & orig9ative ,p[]1 & z su* ! sole gr\nd ( ! intelligibility ( all causation4#bc ,a volitional act1 a moral & responsible act1 mu/ be "o :i* is p]=m$ "u ! influ5ce ( motives1 & = :i*1 :5 call$ to acc\nt1 we c assign valid reasons4 ,all true volition supposes a purpose or end to be realiz$1 an inw>d appet5cy or motive :i* makes ! end desirable1 & ! selection & adaptation ( means to accompli% t end4 ,p[] divorc$ f reason is simply bl9d =ce1 & c n be dignifi$ ) ! "n ( ,w4 ,! m9d ( man is sometimes 9 a pr$om9ant /ate ( kn[+1 sometimes 9 a pr$om9ant /ate ( feel+1 & sometimes 9 a pr$om9ant /ate ( det]m9ation4 ,to call ^! sep>ate faculties1 h[ev]1 is altoge!r beside ! m>k4 ,no act ( intellig5ce c be p]=m$ )\t "s det]m9ation ( ! ,ego1 no act ( det]m9ation )\t "s cognition1 & no act ( ! "o or ! o!r )\t "s am\nt ( feel+ be+ m+l$ 9 ! process4 ,?us1 :ile ea* m5tal /ate may h its di/9ctive *>act]i/ics1 !re is unity at ! root--! id5tical ,ego1 _s1 ,,w4#bd ,s5sibility is ! condition1 ,reason is ! light1 ,w is ! c5tre ( human consci\sness4 ,consci\sness is a ?reefold ph5om5on 9 :i* feel+1 kn[+1 & self-det]m9ation are reciprocal elem5ts1 & 9 _! connection & simultane\sness1 & at ! same "t _! diff]5tiation1 !y compose ! entire intellectual life4#be ,! f9ite _s or w unfolds itself1 fir/1 subjectively1 9 ! spontane\s affirmation ( self-be+ or self-pot5cy 7,,ips,,ity72 secondly1 objectively1 9 ! ex]tion ( p[] to produce motion1 *ange1 ph5om5a 7,,effici5cy72 ?irdly1 syn!tically1 9 ! unity ( motive & int5tion1 purpose & act1 means & end 7,,p]sonality74 ,?us does ,w pres5t ! middle po9t1 :i* embraces ?\ght on ! "o h& & =ce on ! o!r2 & :i* yet1 s f> f appe>+ to u to be a comp\nd aris+ out ( !m z an effect1 is m easily conceiv$ z ! orig9ative prefix 7pro!sis7 ( all m5tal ph5om5a4444 ,x c>ries ) x1 9 its v idea1 ! co-pres5ce ( ?\ght z ! necess>y elem5t )9 ^: sph]e x has to manife/ itself2 its ph5om5a c n exi/ alone2 x acts on preconceptions1 :i* /& relat$ to x1 n h[ev] z its s\rce1 b z its conditions1 & are its co-ord9ates 9 ! effect1 r ?an its g5]at+ antec$5ts4#bf ,psy*ological analysis leads u inevitably to ?is conclusion1 t all ?+s are issu$ by ,w1 :e!r 9 ! sph]e ( ! f9ite or ! inf9ite1 & !re=e we po/ulate an ,,uncondition$ ,,w1 ,a ,,p]fect ,,m9d1 at ! s\rce ( all becom+4 ,?us1 z ,m>t9eau truly rem>ks1 betwe5 ! ,,=ce ( ! physical a!i/ & ! ,,?\ght ( ! metaphysical pan!i/1 we fix ^u ,,w z ! true balanc+-po9t ( a moral !ism4 ,! intellig5t read] sc>ce ne$s to be rem9d$ t ?is is ! conclusion rea*$ by reflective ?\ght 9 t be/ & fulle/ exhibition ( x :i* is f\nd 9 ,greek philosophy4 ,! great problem ( ,greek philosophy1 z ( all philosophy1 01 ,:at is ! 1 ! ,fir/ ,pr9ciple--! gr\nd & cause & reason ( all exi/5ce8 ,! f9al answ] ( t age is f\nd 9 ,plato1 = ,platonism 0 ! culm9ation1 ! rip5$ fruit ( ! ages ( e>ne/ ?\ght :i* prec$$ ,plato4 ,he ga!r$ up1 co-ord9at$1 & grasp$ into unity ! results bequea!d by ! m5tal ef=ts ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,! ,platonic answ] to ?is great "q ( philosophy is cle> & unequivocal4 ,a p]fect ,,m9d is ! primal s\rce ( all be+--a ,m9d 9 :i* ,intellect1 ,effici5cy1 & ,goodness are "o & id5tical4 ,m9d is ! mo/ wor?y 4 ,god is ! mo/ excell5t ( causes4#bg ,m9d is k+ ( heav5 & e>?4#bh ,motion & life & s\l & m9d are pres5t ) absolute be+4 ,we c n imag9e be+ to be devoid ( life & m9d1 rema9+ 9 awful unmean+ness & ev]la/+ fixture4#bi ,:atev] beg9s to be1 mu/ necess>ily be produc$ by "s cause2 = no?+ c h its g5]ation )\t a cause4 ,! ,mak] & ,fa!r ( ! univ]se 444 _h no beg9n+ ( 8 be+4 ,he =m$ ! univ]se accord+ to ! et]nal model or ar*etype :i* 8 own reason suppli$1 & = motives :i* 8 own ess5tial goodness propos$4 ,let u n[ tell = :at cause ! ,mak] ( ?is creation & ?is univ]se made x z x is4 ,he 0 good2 & he :o is good grudges no advantage to any creature4 ,be+ ?us free f envy1 ,he will$ t ! univ]se %\ld be good l ,himself2 & ?is1 ! special gr\nd ( ! creation & ! _w1 :i* we receive f ! wise/ philosoph]s1 we mu/ accept4#cj ,x w\ld be easy to %[ t ! recognition ( intellig5t ,w1 z /&+ at ! f\nta9-head ( all ! =ce :i* is manife/$ 9 ! univ]se1 is common to ! fir/ ,physici/s ( ?is age4 ,grove concludes 8 admirable essay on ,! ,correlation ( ! ,physical ,=ces ) ^! words3 ,9 all ph5om5a ! m closely !y are inve/igat$ ! m are we conv9c$ t1 humanly speak+1 nei!r matt] nor =ce c be creat$ or annihilat$1 & t an ess5tial cause is unatta9able by sci5ce--,causation is ! ,,w1 ,creation is ! act1 ( ,god4#ca ,sir ,john ,h]s*el has n hesitat$ to express 8 conviction t x is b reasonable to reg>d ! ,=ce ( ,gravitation z ! direct or indirect result ( a consci\sness or a ,,w exi/+ some:]e4#cb ,dr4 ,c>p5t]1 ) 8 usual sagacity 9 p5etrat+ to ! ess5tial po9t1 rem>ks t ! ,,w is t =m ( ,=ce :i* mu/ be tak5 z ! type ( all ! re/2 ,=ce mu/ be reg>d$ z ! direct expression ( ,,w4#cc ,if1 says ,wallace1 we h trac$ "o =ce1 h[ev] m9ute1 to an orig9 9 our own ,,w1 :ile we h no k ( any o!r prim>y cause ( =ce1 x does n seem an improbable conclusion t all =ce may be ,,w-,,=ce1 & ?us ! :ole univ]se is n only dep5d5t on1 b actually is ! w ( high] intellig5ces or ( "o ,supreme ,intellig5ce4#cd ,9 %ort1 ! pres5t attitude ( sci5ce 9 relation to ?is great problem is1 ,i ?9k1 fairly repres5t$ by ! ,duke ( ,argyll3 ,sci5ce1 9 ! mod]n doctr9e ( ! ,cons]vation ( ,en]gy & ! ,conv]tibility ( ,=ces1 is already gett+ hold ( ! idea t all k9ds ( ,=ce are b =ms & manife/ations ( "s "o ,c5tral ,=ce issu+ f "s "o ,f\nta9-head ( ,p[]4 ,?is "o ,=ce1 into :i* all o!rs return aga91 is itself b a mode ( action ( ! ,div9e ,,w4#ce ,ev5 ,sp5c] conc$es t ! ,=ce by :i* we ourselves produce *anges1 & :i* s]ves to symbolize ! cause ( *anges 9 g5]al1 is ! f9al disclosure ( all analysis 444 all o!r modes ( consci\sness are d]iv$ f our consci\sness ( ex]t+ ,=ce4#cf ,! ord] ( nature is d\btless v imp]fect1 b its production is f> m compatible ) ! hypo!sis ( an intellig5t w ?an ) t ( bl9d me*anism4#cg ,physical sci5ce is surely com+ into h>mony ) metaphysical ?\ght4 ,x looks ^u nature ) ! eye ( reason z well z ! eye ( s5se4 ,& x r$uces ! ph5om5a to unity1 n simply by comp>ative ab/raction1 :i* classifies "u resemblance1 co-exi/5ce1 & succession1 b by t rational integration :i* op]ates "u ! necess>y laws ( sub/ance1 causality1 int5tionality1 & absolute unity4 ,x reg>ds ! =ces ( nature z ! product or manife/ation ( a high] =ce--a =ce :i* is n m]ely dynamical 9 its nature--a =ce :i* c compass n m]ely concurr5t & antagoni/ic motions 9 space1 b :i* is able s to adju/ ^! concurr5ces & antagonisms z to con/ruct ag5cies :i* %all realize designs--a =ce1 !re=e1 :i* is ?\ghtful & p]cipi5t3 9 "o ^w1 intellig5t--a =ce1 9 f9e1 :i* is n a m]e me*anical dynamism 9 space & "t1 b a true ,p[] exi/+ 9 its type & fullness3 9 "o ^w--,god4#ch ,?us does all reflective ?\ght1 :e!r direct$ to ! ph5om5a ( ! human m9d or ! ph5om5a ( nature1 confirm ! priori intuition ( an uncondition$ ,w unfold+ itself 9 ,?\ght & ,p[]1 & complet+ itself 9 a h>moni\s ,totality1 z ! ,fir/ ,pr9ciple & ,orig9ative ,cause ( all exi/5ces & ( all relations1 ( all individual be+s1 & ( t h>moni\s :ole m5 call ! ,cosmos4 ,& n[ we pass to ! important "q--,h[ are we to br+ all our acquir$ conceptions ( ,god into h>mony ) ?is fundam5tal idea8 ,assum+ t we h c]ta9 conceptions ( ,god :i* are d]iv$ f v]bal in/ruction1 & ultimately f ,div9e revelation1 c we br+ ^! into unity "u ?is ,fir/ ,pr9ciple8 ,or1 9 o!r words1 c we logically evolve ! attributes & p]fections ( ,god out ( ?is fundam5tal ,idea1 & f9d ! result 9 h>mony ) ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e8 ,z ! object ( ?\ght1 ev5 ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght1 ,god mu/ necess>ily be conceiv$ by u "u ! fundam5tal categories ( ,be+1 ,attribute1 & ,relation4 ,all objects ( ?\ght mu/ come "u ^! categories1 & out ( or beyond ^! categories we c n ?9k at all4 ,fur!rmore1 we c n ?9k ( ,god z ! uncondition$ ,be+ condition+ ,himself1 )\t conceiv+ ,him z ,reality1 ,effici5cy1 & ,p]sonality4 ,^! con/itute ! conception ( ! ,div9e ess5ce :]eby x is :at x is4 ,:5 we ?9k ( ! ,attributes ( su* a ,be+1 we mu/ necess>ily conceive !m z ,absolute1 ,inf9ite1 & ,p]fect4#ci ,& :5 we ?9k ( ! ,relations ( ,god to f9ite exi/5ces & f9ite consci\sness1 we are con/ra9$ to reg>d ,him z ! ,gr\nd & ,cause & ,reason ( all dep5d5t be+4 ,9 ! unity & complet5ess ( ?is categorical s*eme ( ?\ght1 we c n fail to recognize ! foll[+ logical ord]3 ,,be+ 7,ess5tia7 ,,reality ,,effici5cy ,,p]sonality ,,attribute 7,relat$ ,ess5ce7 ,,absolute ,,inf9ite ,,p]fect ,,relation 7,free ,det]m9ation7 ,,gr\nd ,,cause ,,reason ,,or ,,end ,9 ! ,absolute ,reality we h ! ultimate gr\nd2 9 ! ,inf9ite ,effici5cy we h ! adequate cause2 & 9 ! ,p]fect ,p]sonality we h ! suffici5t reason or f9al cause ( all exi/5ce4 #a4 ,,be+ or ,,ess5ce1 z ,reality1 ,effici5cy1 & ,p]sonality4 ,! intuition ( ,be+ is ! mo/ fundam5tal & ! mo/ ab/ract ( all ideas4 ,aft] e prop]ty & relation has be5 elim9at$1 !re /ill rema9s ! affirmation t some?+ is4 ,non-exi/5ce1 except z ! negation ( be+1 is inconceivable4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 pure be+ is ! mo/ indet]m9ate ( all ideas4 ,simple be+1 )\t attributes1 & out ( all relation to o!r ideas1 is a notion )\t cont5ts1 & consequ5tly indescribable & unkn[able4 ,= u1 !re=e1 pure ab/ract be+ is equal to non-be+1 & ! p>adox ( ,hegel has "s tru?3 ,pure ,be+ ,no?+4 ,di/9ction--diff]5tiation1 det]m9ation--is ! condition ( all reality4 ,real be+ mu/ be det]m9$1 only pure no?+ c be undet]m9$4 ,! lea/ det]m9$ be+ is ! lea/ real2 ! mo/ det]m9$ is ! mo/ real1 ! mo/ p]fect be+4 ,exactly 9 proportion z ! nature ( be+s is diff]5tiat$ & complicat$ d !y rise 9 ! scale ( be+4 ,! vegetable has m det]m9ations ?an inanimate matt]2 ! p]cipi5t animal has m det]m9ations ?an ! vital plant2 rational man has m det]m9ations ?an ! p]cipi5t animal1 he is ! mo/ complicat$1 ! mo/ det]m9$1 & !re=e ! mo/ p]fect be+ 9 creation4 ,an absolutely p]fect be+ mu/ be ! mo/ det]m9$ ( all be+s2 he mu/ conta9 )9 himself a fullness ( det]m9ations4 ,! pan!i/ ,sp9oza tells u t det]m9ation is negation--t is1 limitation4 ,omnis det]m9atio negatio e/4 ,no?+ c be fals] or m arbitr>y ?an ?is pr9ciple4 ,its fallacy consi/s 9 ! confusion ( two ?+s ess5tially diff]5t1 namely1 ! limits ( a be+1 & its det]m9ate *>act]i/ics4 ,a pure ,ego1 by det]m9+ itself to ?\ght1 affection1 or action1 is n !reby limit$4 ,! limitation or ! illimitation dep5ds simply ^u ! "* ( ! ?\ght1 affection1 or act z p]fect or imp]fect4 ,i am an intellig5t be+1 & my intellig5ce is limit$2 ^! are two facts equally c]ta94 ,! possession ( intellig5ce is ! con/itutive *>act]i/ic ( my be+ :i* di/+ui%es me f ! brute4 ,! limitation impos$ ^u my intellect1 :i* c only see a small numb] ( tru?s at a "t1 is my limit1 & ?is is :at di/+ui%es me f ! ,absolute ,be+1 f ,p]fect ,intellig5ce :i* sees all tru?s at a glance4 ,t :i* con/itutes my imp]fection is n c]ta9ly my be+ intellig5t2 !re91 on ! contr>y1 lies ! /r5g?1 ! ri*ness1 & ! dignity ( my be+4 ,:at con/itutes my weakness & my no?+ness is t ?is intellig5ce is inclos$ 9 a n>r[ circle4 ,?us1 inasmu* z ,i am intellig5t1 ,i p>ticipate 9 be+ & p]fection2 inasmu* z ,i am only intellig5t )9 c]ta9 limits1 ,i am imp]fect4#dj ,det]m9ation diff]s f limitation z mu* z be+ diff]s f no?+4 ,! ,causative ,pr9ciple ( all reality mu/ itself be real1 t is1 x mu/ be a self-manife/+ & self-consci\s p[]1 = !re c be no reality )\t consci\sness4 ,be+ :i* is n kn[n to itself1 & c n manife/ itself1 is z ?\gh x 7 n4 ,intuition1 sui conscia1 is ! ess5ce ( reality4 ,"h be+ & kn[+ are id5tical4 ,x mu/ also conta9 )9 itself a fullness ( det]m9ations1 mu/ be ri* 9 ideas1 mu/ be ! ar*etype ( all possible exi/5ces4 ,all =ms & relations1 all ideas & laws1 all individual & special adaptations1 all h>moni\s sy/ems1 mu/ be pres5t to ! ,absolute ,reality4 ,uncreat$ mu/ be ,m5tal ,be+4 ,?is seems an inv9cible necessity ( all ?\ght4 ,:atev] else1 or :atev] m x is1 x mu/ be ,m5tal ,be+ ,,reason4 ,! ,causative ,pr9ciple ( all effici5cy mu/ itself be p[]1 pluri-effici5cy1 x mu/ be self-det]m9$ & self-mov$1 & p]fectly adequate to ! production ( be+1 motion1 *ange1 life1 & intellig5ce objective to itself2 9 a ^w1 x mu/ be adequate to ! realization ( all ! ideals :i* reason supplies2 x mu/ be unlimit$ ,inf9ite ,effici5cy ,,_s4 ,! ,causative ,pr9ciple ( all p]sonality mu/ itself be p]sonal--t is1 x mu/ h a self-conceiv$1 self-det]m9$ purpose2 mu/ freely *oose & wisely adapt ! means to realize t purpose2 above all1 x mu/ h a wor?y motive1 a be/ & highe/ reason = bo? purpose & act2 & mu/ make all con=m to & result 9 a moral ord] 9 h>mony ) ! bless$ness & wor?y ! approbation ( ! ,all-p]fect ,"o4 ,intuition & *oice1 affection & consci5ce--^! are ! gr& mom5ta ( p]sonality4 ,! necess>y dem& ( reason is t ! fir/ & orig9ative cause ( all f9ite p]sonality %all be ,himself a p]son4 ,consci\sness c n arise out ( unconsci\sness1 reason c n be g5]at$ f unreason1 p]sonality c n h its bir? f imp]sonality1 no m ?an some?+ c be born ( no?+4 ,!re mu/ be intellig5ce answ]+ to our intellig5ce1 fre$om answ]+ to our fre$om1 feel+ respond+ to our feel+1 & moral s5tim5t unisonant ) our moral s5tim5t3 9 %ort1 p]sonality correlat$ ) our p]sonality1 9 ! cause & au?or ( f9ite responsible be+4 ,t p]fection :i* is mirror$ 9 our f9ite p]sonality exi/s 9 all its fullness 9 ! unconditionally p]fect ,be+1 ! ,p]fect ,p]sonality ^: "n is ,,love4#da ,god1 !n1 is ! ,absolute1 ,inf9ite1 & ,p]fect ,be+ 9 :om1 by :om1 & = :om ! f9ite has exi/5ce & consci\sness4 ,he is ! uncondition$1 conditionat+ ,w4 ,! ,div9e ,ess5ce c n be appreh5d$ or express$ 9 a high] univ]sal4 ,?is is ! fir/ dim intuition ( spontane\s reason1 & ! f9al goal ( all reflective ?\ght4 ,! ,div9e ,be+ is ,he :o is be=e all1 & :o orig9ates1 de/9es1 & conditions all4 ,! ,biblical idea ( ! uncondition$ ,be+ is 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! philosophical idea4 ,9 ! language ( ,scripture1 ! ,w ( ,god /&s = ! remote/1 inmo/ ess5ce ( ! ,godhead--a w :i* is ! absolute id5tity1 ! et]nal co-inh]5ce ( reason1 p[]1 & love4 ,! ,div9e ,w z effici5t cause is nev] dissociat$ f ! ,div9e ,w z ! =mal cause & ! f9al cause4 ,t w is at once cause & law & reason ( all ?+s4 ,god effectuates all ?+s accord+ to ! c\nsel 7 delib]ation1 purpose1 design7 ( 8 own ,w 7,eph4 i4 #aa74 ,& n only accord+ to ! c\nsel1 b accord+ to ! good pleasure 7 ! b5evol5t affection7 ( 8 own w 7v]4 #e72 a good pleasure :i* ,he ha? ,,purpos$ 77 9 ,himself 7v]4 #i74 ,he creat$ all ?+s1 & = 8 own pleasure 7 w7 !y are & 7 creat$4 ,"h ,w is cle>ly m ?an p[]1 m ?an effici5cy3 x is ?\ght or purpose2 x is reason or end2 9 a ^w1 x is ! id5tity & co-inh]5ce ( reason1 p[]1 & love4 ,! uncondition$ ,w z reveal$ to u 9 ,scripture is an intellig5t ,w--a w t ?9ks1 delib]ates1 c\nsels1 designs2 & x is also a b5evol5t ,w--a w t loves & delights 9 & desires ! good ( be+4 ,& 9 ?9k+ & desir+ x effectuates1 = ?9k+ & op]at+1 desir+ & do+1 are "o ) ,god4 ,he speaks & x is done1 ,he comm&s & x /&s fa/4 ,creation is a spee* ( ,god1 a language 9 :i* ,he reveals 8 ?\ghts1 8 purposes1 8 b5evol5t designs1 8 w--t is1 ,himself4 ,e revelation ( ,god is ! developm5t 9 u ( ! consci\sness ( ! ,,real ,,be+ 7 74 ,all ! pro(s ( ! be+ ( ,god--! etiological1 ! cosmological1 ! teleological1 & ! moral--are c5tr$ 9 ! ontological3 ?is is fir/ & la/4 ,& j z our consci\sness ( ! indivisible id5tical ,,ego z ! unity & co-inh]5ce ( reason1 feel+1 & p[] is ! exact arre/+-po9t ( psy*ological sci5ce1 beyond :i* ?\ght c n pass1 s our intuition ( ! uncondition$ ,,be+ z ! absolute id5tity ( ,reason1 ,p[]1 & ,love is ! exact arre/+ po9t ( ,!ological sci5ce1 beyond :i* no?+ c be kn[n4 ,_s1 ,light1 ,love--^! designate ess5ce or be+4 ,,god ,,is ,,_s 7 ,_s1 n a ,_s--,john iv4 #bd71 ! self-mov+1 effici5t1 animat+ pr9ciple1 ! unity & life-motion ( ! creative div9e activity2 --vita absoluta--und]iv$1 et]nal ,life 7,john v4 #bf2 xi4 #be2 #a ,john v4 #bj74 ,,god ,,is ,,light 7#a ,john i4 #e71 ! self-manife/+1 intuitional1 reveal+ pr9ciple 2 ! ,et]nal ,reason1 9 :i* ,_s becomes objective to itself1 & ,god is reveal$ to ,himself 7,john i4 #a2 #a ,tim4 vi4 #af74 ,,god ,,is ,,love 7#a ,john iv4 #h1 #af71 ! self-complete1 self-suffici5t1 self-satisfy+ pr9ciple 1 ! ,p]fect ,"o 7,mat?4 v4 #dh74 ,?is ,div9e ,love f9ds its fulle/ satisfaction 9 ! 1 ! intelligible _w z reveal$ & r5d]$ objective to ,himself 9 ! ,,^w4 ,reason1 ,_s1 ,love are ! simple/ elem5ts 9 ! conception ( ! uncondition$ ,be+3 ,reason z ,reality1 ,_s z ,effici5cy1 & ,love z ,p]fection4 ,! uncondition$ ,be+ is reveal$1 may we n say inc>nat$1#db 9 ! --! s5sible _w3 #a1 by ! inc>nation ( ! ,_s 9 ! mov+ & animat+ =ces ( nature2 #b1 by ! inc>nation ( ! ,reason 9 ! typical =ms & p]man5t laws or relations ( ! univ]se1 by :i* reality becomes kn[n to f9ite m9ds2 #c1 by ! inc>nation ( ,love 9 ! f9al causes1 ! b5evol5t purposes1 :i* are realiz$ 9 ! complet$ ,cosmos & ! life ( ,humanity4#dc #b4 ,,attribute ,,or ,,relat$ ,,ess5ce4 ,! k ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce is ! root ( ! k ( ! ,div9e ,attributes1 = 9 e conception ( an attribute ! ,div9e ,ess5ce is1 9 "s mode or o!r1 suppos$4 ,we may !re=e def9e an attribute z a conception ( ! uncondition$ ,be+ "u "s relation to our consci\sness4 ,t conception may be ei!r positive or negative1 & ! relation may consequ5tly be "o ( causation or ab/raction4 ,:5 we conceive ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce z reality1 our conception is 9 "s measure det]m9$ by our consci\sness ( reality4 ,! intuition ( reality is imman5t to our own consci\sness4 ,we "k self z a reality1 an indivisible1 id5tical ,ego--a unity1 b yet a condition$ & dep5d5t reality1 :i* mu/ h its gr\nd & cause 9 an indep5d5t & uncondition$ reality4 ,?us ! pure intuition ( reality is a prelud+ = ! affirmation ( absolute reality4 ,we c n1 h[ev]1 affirm su* reality on purely subjective gr\nds4 ,to ! eye ( reason1 :i* is ! organ ( necess>y & absolute tru?1 ! ,div9e ,ess5ce ab/racts itself f ! limits ( space & "t1 & absolves itself f all ! det]m9ations ( objective be+4 ,x is a reality :i* is n condition$ by k9d1 a reality :i* is indep5d5t (1 absolv$ f1 undet]m9$ by any o!r antec$5t or contemporane\s be+--absolute reality4 ,fur!rmore1 :5 we conceive ! ,div9e ,ess5ce z p[] or effici5cy1 our conception is 9 "s measure det]m9$ by our consci\sness ( p[]4 ,we "k ourselves z a p[]1 a cause ( our own volitions1 & a p[] :i* c control & modify ext]nal nature1 b yet a limit$ & f9ite cause4 ,to ! eye ( reason ! ,div9e effici5cy transc5ds all limitation & m5suration4 ,x is a p[] :i* is n condition$ by quantity4 ,x is limitless p[]1 spaceless1 all-mighty pres5ce1 self-directive p[]1 c>ry+ its own light & see+ its own way--inf9ite effici5cy4 ,&1 f9ally1 :5 we conceive ( ! ,div9e ,ess5ce z p]sonality1 aga9 our conception is 9 "s measure det]m9$ by our consci\sness ( p]sonality4 ,we are consci\s ( desir+ & purpos+1 ( det]m9+ & do+1 ( approv+ & delight+ 9 our arti/ic & e?ical creations1 & 9 ^! we /& out f ! plane ( nature z p]sons & n ?+s4 ,b we are also consci\s ( limitation & imp]fection4 ,we fall %ort ev5 ( our own ideals2 we feel we h unsatisfi$ long+s & daily wants4 ,! ,div9e ,ess5ce reveals itself to reason z exempt f all limitation by degree4 ,pure p]sonality is no m limit$ ?an absolute be+1 b x is deep] by all ! cont5ts ( p]fect consci\sness4 ,x is a p]sonality :i* has no defect & no want3 uncondition$1 unlimit$ p]fection--p]fect p]sonality4 ,our conception ( ! ,attributes ( ,god may ?us be =m$ ?r\gh "s relation to our consci\sness1 b by a process ( imm$iate ab/raction--! negation ( all limitation by k9d1 by quantity1 or by degree4 #a4 ,z relat$ to our intuition ( real be+2 by ab/raction f all o!r be+ & p]sonality--! ,imman5t attributes ( ,god4 #b4 ,z causally relat$ to f9ite1 dep5d5t exi/5ce2 by elim9ation ( all necess>y limitation--! ,relative or ,transitive attributes ( ,god4 #c4 ,z e?ically relat$ to f9ite p]sonality2 by elim9ation ( all imp]fection--! ,moral attributes ( ,god4 #a4 ,! ,,imman5t attributes4 ,! absolute reality 7,,reason7 mu/ necess>ily be conceiv$ z ,fir/1 ,supreme1 & ,sole2 mu/ be und]iv$1 & !re=e et]nal2 mu/ be absolv$ f all necess>y relation to o!r be+1 & !re=e indep5d5t2 mu/ be above all law ( *ange1 & !re=e immutable2 mu/ h incomposite unity1 & !re=e indivisible2 & mu/ be ! only "o1 = two absolutes w\ld limit ea* o!r1 & are ?us inconceivable4 ,f9ally1 absolute reality mu/ be ! fullness & ar*etype ( all be+ 9 :i* e =m & e relation1 e totality & e h>mony1 conceivable or possible1 mu/ be ideally & et]nally pres5t4 ,,et]nity 7#a ,tim4 i4 #ag2 vi4 #ae1 #af2 ,rev4 i4 #d1 #h2 ,heb4 i4 #h74 ,,immutability 7,james i4 #ag2 ,psalm cii4 #bf1 #bg2 ,heb4 i4 #ab74 ,,unity 7,isaiah xliv4 #f2 ,eph4 iv4 #f2 #a ,tim4 ii4 #e2 ,john xvii4 #c74 ,,ideality 7,psalm cxxxix4 #af2 ,rom4 xi4 #cf2 ,acts xv4 #ah74 ,^! are ! imman5t attributes ( ,god4 #b4 ,! ,,transitive ,,or ,,relative attributes4 ,! ,inf9ite ,effici5cy 7,,_s7 mu/ necess>ily be conceiv$ z all-mighty1 all-pres5t1 & all-kn[+4 ,! ,inf9ite ,_s fills1 p5etrates1 moves1 & vitalizes ! univ]se4 ,he is 9 all1 & ?r\gh all1 & transc5ds all4 ,he c n be b\nd$ 9 space or limit$ 9 p[]1 !re=e ,he is spaceless & inf9ite4 ,he is e :]e pres5t1 n virtually b sub/antially1 = virtue c n subsi/ )\t sub/ance4 ,& z ! ,all-mighty is pres5t e :]e1 pres5t to all ?+s1 s all ?+s exi/ 9 ,him1 & are pres5t to ,him 9 an imm$iate & intuitive vision--,he kn[s all ?+s4 ,,omnipot5ce 7,psalm cxv4 #c2 ,j]4 xxxii4 #bg2 ,rom4 xi4 #cf2 #a ,cor4 viii4 #f74 ,,ubiquity 7,psalm cxxxix4 #g-ac2 ,j]4 xxiii4 #bc1 #bd2 #a ,cor4 xv4 #bh2 ,mat?4 x4 #bi74 ,,omnisci5ce 7,psalm cxxxix4 #a-f2 ,acts i4 #bd2 ,heb4 iv4 #ac2 ,mat?4 vi4 #h74 ,^! are ! relative or transitive attributes ( ,god4 #c4 ,! ,,moral attributes4 ,p]fect ,p]sonality 7,,love7 mu/ by ! v conception be wise & holy1 righte\s & bless$1 = ^! are ! attributes ( p]sonality1 & may all be ultimately gr\nd$ 9 love4 ,! reason ( all exi/5ce & all p]sonality is f\nd1 n 9 inf9ite causality1 b 9 ! free love ( ! p]fect p]sonality4 ,?is is ! f9al cause ( all exi/5ce4 ,& if p]fect ,love be ! f9al cause ( all exi/5ce1 x mu/ "k ! end1 & orda9 ! law & means4 ,! highe/ end ( ! _w is ! p]fect fell[%ip ( man ) ,god2 ! physical mu/ !re=e be subord9at$ to ! moral ord] ( ! univ]se4 ,! ,p]fect ,p]sonality mu/ freely w to imp>t 8 fell[%ip to ^? :o are ob$i5t to 8 moral law2 & x mu/ be remov$ f fell[%ip ) & d5y itself to evil1 :i* is antagoni/ic to ! ends ( ,love4 ,or1 9 o!r words1 x mu/ e/abli% a fix$ & *angeless relation betwe5 righte\sness & bless$ness 9 ! creature4 ,x mu/ approve ! good & condemn ! evil4 ,& 9 mak+ ! righte\s p>tak]s ( 8 joy1 ,he mu/ be well pleas$4 ,! absolute bless$ness ( ,god is f\nd 9 ! fullness & h>mony ( ! ,div9e life4 ,he has 9 ,himself ! et]nal & absolutely wor?y object ( 8 love4 ,b !re is a ,div9e satisfaction1 a good pleasure ( ,god1 :i* is f\nd 9 ! communication ( ,himself to ! creature4 ,he rejoice? 9 ! habitable p>ts ( ! e>?1 & 8 delights are ) ! sons ( m54 ,he take? pleasure 9 !m t fe> ,him1 9 ^? t hope 9 8 m]cy4 ,,wisdom 7,job xii4 #ac2 ,rom4 xi4 #cc1 #cd2 ,eph4 iii4 #i1 #aj74 ,,goodness 7,psalm xxxiii4 #e2 xxxiv4 #h2 cvii4 #a1 #h74 ,,hol9ess 7,deut4 xxxii4 #d2 ,psalm v4 #e2 ,james i4 #ac1 #ag74 ,,bless$ness 7#a ,tim4 i4 #aa2 vi4 #ae74 ,^! are ! moral attributes ( ,god4#dd ,!y are also call$ by pre-em95ce ! ,p]fections ( ,god1 because !y are free det]m9ations ( ! ,div9e nature1 an ev]la/+ ,,becom+1 r ?an an et]nal ,,be+4 ,! imman5t attributes ( ,god are a necess>y inbe+2 ! moral attributes ( ,god are a volunt>y outgo+1 an et]nally free1 alt]native =?-putt+ ( *oice = ! "r & ! good4#de ,! doctr9e conc]n+ ,god above pres5t$1 9 :i* we fa9 w\ld hope t philosophy & ,*ri/ian ?\ght are br\ght into h>mony1 may n[ be summ>ily pres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ s*ema3 ,fundam5tal ,idea ( ,reason4 ,?\ght-,conceptions ,f\nd$ on ,relations4 7,ess5ce7 ,,et]nity z ,,absolute ,,reality4444 ,,immutability ,imman5t ,,unity ,attributes4 ,,ideality ,,uncondition$ ,,omnipot5ce ,transitive ,,w z ,,inf9ite ,,effici5cy44 ,,ubiquity or ,causal ,,omnisci5ce ,attributes4 ,,wisdom ,moral ,attributes z ,,p]fect ,,p]sonality ,,goodness 7,relational74 ,,hol9ess ,,bless$ness ,! ref]5ces to ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures already giv5 w %[ ! h>mony betwe5 ! conceptions ( reason & ! v]bal revelations ( ,god4 ,reason & ,scripture unite 9 proclaim+ t ,god is ! great & holy ,"o t inhabite? et]nity1 :o only ha? immortality1 ) :om is no v>iabl5ess1 & :o fille? all 9 all2 to :om all 8 works are kn[n f et]nity1 9 ^: book all our memb]s 7 writt5 :5 z yet !re 0 none ( !m1 & ^: purposes1 ideas1 & plans are et]nal4 ,^! are ma9ly ! imman5t attributes ( ,god1 conceptions :i* fl[ f ! v idea ( ! ,absolute & ,inf9ite ,be+4 ,!y are evolv$ f ,real ,be+ by ! negation ( all limit1 all p>ts1 all *ange2 ! cancel+ ( "t & space & matt]1 ! recognition ( ,god z pure ,reason1 pure ,_s1 pure ,love4 ,! ,scriptures1 h[ev]1 deal m imm$iately ) ! causal1 transitive1 & relational aspects ( ! ,div9e attributes--t is1 ) ! conception ( ,god 9 8 volunt>y relations to f9ite be+ & f9ite p]sonality4 ,!y speak ( ,god 9 8 hi/orically kn[n exi/5ce1 z a ,be+ :o volunt>ily conditions 8 ,omnipot5ce & ,sov]eignty "u concessions ( self-reality1 self-life1 & fre$om to f9ite be+s1 )\t ,himself be+ condition$ by any ?+--a self-limitation :i* 9 n[ise detracts f ! absolut5ess & inf9ity ( ,god--an uncondition$ conditionat+ ,w4#df ,! relation :i* ,god su/a9s to 8 works is n a necess>y relation--x is a volunt>y & self-impos$ relation4 ,free ,love is ! highe/ det]m9+ pr9ciple = ! effici5cy ( ,div9e ,omnipot5ce4 ,p[] ?us direct$ & condition$ by wisdom & love does n1 c n detract f ! p]fection ( ,god4 ,! sub/itution ( *oice = necessity is1 9 fact1 no real limitation2 on ! contr>y1 x ascribes to ,god ! mo/ absolute p]fection4 ,! causal attributes ( ,god1 or ^? conceptions ( ,god :i* are especially gr\nd$ ^u 8 relation to ! _w & humanity1 are prop]ly divid$ into ^? :i* are ,cosmical & ^? :i* are ,e?ical4 ,! fir/1 ( c\rse1 embrace 8 relation to ! _w1 ! second 8 relation to p]sonal1 responsible be+s4 ,! cont5t ( ! cosmological conception is ,omnipot5ce1 ,ubiquity1 ,omnisci5ce4 ,! cont5t ( ! e?ical conception is ,wisdom1 ,goodness1 ,hol9ess1 & ,bless$ness4 ,god z ! ,creator & ,su/a9] ( ! _w1 ,god z ! ,fa!r1 ,tea*]1 & ,rul] ( humanity1 are ! two gr& manife/ations ( ! "o inf9ite & p]fect ,be+1 & ,elohim & ,jehovah are 8 expressive & di/9ctive names1 ! fir/ d5ot+ ! cosmical activity ( ,god1 ! latt] 8 gov]nm5t & k+dom among m54 ,^! two gr& aspects ( ! ,div9e manife/ation are m>k$ 9 ! ,elohi/ic & ,jehovi/ic portions ( ! fir/ revelation giv5 to ! ,semitic race4 ,!y are /ill m di/9ctly recogniz$ 9 ,paul's disc\rse be=e ! assembl$ ,a!nian philosoph]s1 :]e ,*ri/ian !ology 0 = ! fir/ "t pres5t$ to ! ,greek m9d--,god ! ,creator & ,cons]vator ( ! _w 7,acts xvii4 #bd1 #be72 ,god ! ,fa!r1 ,tea*]1 ,rul]1 & ,judge ( humanity 7,acts xvii4 #bf-ca74 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,creation4 ,god is ! ,absolute1 ,inf9ite1 & ,p]fect ,be+1 9 :om1 ?r\gh :om1 & = :om are all ?+s4 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ,god2 & x is ! only conception :i* furni%es an adequate & satisfactory explanation ( all ! facts ( ! univ]se4 ,"h we h a ,fir/ ,pr9ciple1 an ,orig9ative ,cause :i* is suffici5t to acc\nt = all exi/5ce4 ,b :at conception are we to =m ( ! nature & mode ( ?is ,orig9ation8 ,0 x a pure1 sup]natural ,orig9ation1 an absolute ,creation8 or 0 x simply a =mation out ( a fir/ sub/ance exi/+ coeval ) & indep5d5t ( ,god8 ,0 t act ( creation det]m9$ by necessity8 0 x an unconsci\s emanation f1 or a necess>y developm5t ( t ,fir/ ,pr9ciple8 ,or 0 x a consci\s1 free ex]tion ( p[] = ! realization ( a =ese5 & pr$et]m9$ plan--a m5tal ,ord]8 ,:at is ! ,biblical conception ( ,creation8 ,?is is ! "q we mu/ n[ endeavor to answ]4 ,until v rec5tly x has be5 ! practice ( !ologians to attempt ! det]m9ation ( ! ,biblical notion ( ,creation on purely philological gr\nds4 ,x is n[ g5]ally conc$$ t ?is me?od is inadequate & inconclusive4 ,! ,greeks probably nev] conceiv$ ! idea ( an absolute creation 7commonly1 ?\gh we judge incorrectly1 /yl$ creation ex nihilo71 & consequ5tly ! ,greek language has no t]ms expressive ( a primal orig9ation1 an absolute beg9n+ ( ! _w4 1 ! t]m employ$ 9 ! ,,lxx4 7,g54 i4 #a71 & also by ,/4 ,paul 7,acts xvii4 #bd71 means to end[ ) a c]ta9 quality 7 qualis7--to con/ruct1 make1 =m1 build1 & evid5tly conveys ! notion ( =mation r ?an orig9ation1 ! production ( qualitative ph5om5a r ?an real entity2 is also ord9>ily us$ 9 ! s5se ( =m+1 fa%ion+1 build+1 & seems to imply pre-exi/+ mat]ials4 ,!re is also a wide diff]5ce ( op9ion among ,ori5tal s*ol>s ) respect to ! precise import ( ! v]bs 7b>a71 7aysah71 & 7yets>71 z employ$ 9 ! ,hebrew ,scriptures4 ,"s di/+ui%$ critics1 z ,p>khur/1 ,cl>ke1 ,lange1 & ,delitzs*1 ass]t t means to orig9ate de novo1 to create 9 an absolute s5se2 & t & /rictly mean to fa%ion out ( pre-exi/5t mat]ials4#dg ,b ,pusey1 ,kitto1 ,tayl] ,lewis1 & "s ( ! ,rabb9ical comm5tators 7,ab5 ,ezra especially71 affirm t 1 bo? by its etymology & its connections1 indicates =mation z mu* z orig9ation1 & is1 9 fact1 indiff]5t & neutral ei!r z to a suppos$ creation ex nihilo1 or a creation1 t is1 a =mation f pre-exi/+ mat]ials4 ,fur!rmore1 x is affirm$ t ! ?ree ,hebrew v]bs are us$ indiscrim9ately 9 ! ,mosaic record4 ,x is said 9 ,g54 i4 #bg t ,god creat$ man1 & t /atem5t is amplifi$ & expla9$ at *4 ii4 #g3 ,& ! ,"l ,god =m$ man out ( ! du/ ( ! e>?4#dh ,an appeal to ! m]ely v]bal expressions ( ,scripture does n1 !re=e1 promise any satisfactory & conclusive results4 ,by :at me?od1 !n1 are we to det]m9e ! ,biblical notion ( ,creation8 ,cle>ly1 n by a critical /udy ( ! sev]al words :i* are employ$ to express ! creative act--n by conf9+ our att5tion to ! visible embodim5t ( ! ,div9e ^w1 & neglect+ ! in=m+ ?\ght4 ,we mu/ gr\nd our conception ( creation ^u ! fundam5tal ideas & pr9ciples ( ,div9e revelation1 & det]m9e x 9 h>mony ) ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god1 & ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! relation ( ! _w to ,god4 ,^! fundam5tal pr9ciples we h already pres5t$4 ,!y may be succ9ctly re/at$ 9 ! foll[+ propositions3 7#a47 ,god is ! "o only self-exi/5t1 indep5d5t1 uncondition$ ,be+1 :o alone ha? immortality1 ! incorruptible or immutable ,god 7 71 ) :om is no v>iabl5ess or %ad[ ( *ange4#di 7#b47 ,god is ! sole causality ( ! heav5s & ! e>?1 9 ! mo/ absolute s5se4 ,:atev] is1 & is n ,god1 is ! creature ( ,god4 ,by ,him 7 all ?+s creat$ :i* are 9 heav5 & :i* are ^u e>?1 ?+s visible & ?+s invisible--! objects ( s5se-p]ception & ( rational intuition4 ,! orig91 developm5t1 & end1 ! pr9ciple1 law1 & reason ( all exi/5ce1 are 9 ,god & f ,god-- 1 1 4#ej 7#c47 ,! all ( ! f9ite is 9 ceaseless & complete dep5d5ce on ! ,div9e causality--,he upholde? all ?+s1 & by ,him all ?+s consi/4 ,our int]pretation ( ! =mal language ( ,scripture1 especially ( ! v]bs :i* are employ$ to d5ote ! act ( creation1 mu/ !re=e be in=m$ & det]m9$ by ^! fundam5tal pr9ciples4 ,if ,god is ! uncondition$ ,cause ( all exi/5ce1 !n ! ,creation mu/ be ! absolutely free & self-det]m9$ act ( ,god4 ,z su*1 x c n h be5 condition$ by any imman5t necessity 9 ! ,div9e nature itself1 nor by any necess>y exi/5ce out ( & extrane\s to ! ,div9e nature4 ,by ?is conception ( ,god1 & ( 8 relation to ! _w1 we are deb>r$ f suppos+ ! coeval exi/5ce ( any ?+ besides ,god 7e4 g41 1 ( ,plato1 ! ( ,ari/otle1 ! matt] ( ! mod]n ,physici/7 z ! condition & m$ium ( ! ,div9e ag5cy & manife/ation4 ,:ile1 !re=e1 x is ackn[l$g$ t 9 ,g54 i4 #ba1 #bg1 7b>a7 d5otes ! =mation ( organic bodies out ( pre-exi/5t mat]ials1 we c n be re/rict$ to ?is mean+ ( ! t]m :5 deal+ ) v]se #a1 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?4 ,we are compell$ to believe t b>a "h means orig9ation--orig9ation de novo2 fir/1 because ! primal act ( creation mu/ h be5 a sup]natural1 miracul\s production ( some?+ :i* _h n previ\sly exi/$ "u any =m--an uncondition$ creation antec$5t to nature2 &1 secondly1 because we are in=m$ t aft] ?is primal act ( creation1 ! e>? 0 /ill )\t =m & void4 ,no possible +5uity ( criticism c con/rue t op5+ s5t5ce ( revelation to mean1 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god gave =m to pre-exi/+ matt]4 ,t fir/ beg9n+ is ! pr9cipium pr9cipiorum1 ! beg9n+ ( all beg9n+s1 & mu/ be di/+ui%$ f ! six new beg9n+s ( ! six days' "w4#ea ,we mu/ reg>d ?is sublime utt]ance1 /&+ at ! head ( all ,god's communications1 z affirm+ ?is f\ndation-idea ( revelation--t ,god is ! sole causality ( ! heav5s & ! e>? 9 an absolute s5se1 ! effici5t cause ( "t1 & all temporal relations2 ! all-mighty cause ( space1 & all spatial relations2 ! orig9ator ( ! primordial sub/ance1 & all its qualities--9 a ^w1 ! uncondition$ ,creator ( all f9ite be+1 quality1 & relation---- --9 pr9cipio--fir/ ( all 79 ! ord] ( conception r ?an ! ord] ( "t7 ,god orig9at$1 laid ! f\ndations (1 ! heav5s & ! e>?4#eb ,& n[ t ! ,creation "h affirm$ 0 an absolute orig9ation1 a br++ into be+ ( ! primordial elem5ts out ( :i* ! heav5s & ! e>? 7 subsequ5tly =m$1 is ! doctr9e ( ! be/ ,hebrew lexicograph]s4 ,x is held by _m ( ! be/ au?orities t ! p>ticle 7ay?7 means ! v sub/ance (1 ! v or real ess5ce4 ,fr/1 9 8 rec5tly publi%$ ,hebrew & ,*aldee ,lexicon1 gives be+1 ess5ce1 sub/ance1 z ! mean+ ( ay?4 ,ges5ius1 9 8 ,hebrew ,gramm>1 says 'ay?' means be+1 sub/ance 7p4 #baf74 ,& fur!rmore1 he says 'ay?' is a sub/antive d]iv$ f a pronom9al /em1 & signifies ess5ce1 sub/ance1 be+4 ,! p>ticle 'ay?1' says ,ab5 ,ezra1 signifies ! sub/ance ( a ?+4 ,kim*i1 9 8 fam\s ,book ( ,hebrew ,roots1 gives a simil> def9ition4 ,9 ! ,syriac v]sion1 yo? takes ! place ( ay?1 & is v appropriately r5d]$ 9 ,walton's ,polyglot1 esse cli et esse t]r--! be+ or sub/ance ( ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 a fanciful & altoge!r unau?oriz$ read+ ( ?is op5+ s5t5ce ( ,div9e revelation :i* ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god1 & ( 8 relation to ! _w1 seems to dem&--,9 ! beg9n+ ,god orig9at$1 br\ght into be+1 ! primordial elem5ts ( ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,= manageable cle>ness1 9 deal+ ) ! ,mosaic primeval hi/ory1 we %all f9d ourselves "u ! necessity ( accept+ ! di/9ction made by !ologians betwe5 creatio prima1 imm$iata1 & creatio m$iata1 =mativa4 #a4 ,an absolute ,creation1 a pure sup]natural orig9ation--! ,beg9n+ ( all beg9n+s4 #b4 ,an arti/ic1 ar*itectonic ,creation1 a sup]natural =mation out ( a fir/ sub/ance--! production ( new ?+s or be+s by aggregation1 organization1 & developm5t accord+ to pre-e/abli%$ laws & ar*etypal ideas4 ,! fir/ notion ( ,creation is gr\nd$ on ! ,omnipot5ce ( ,god1 ! second on ! ,inf9ite ,wisdom ( ,god1 & bo? are unit$ 9 & ultimately gr\nd$ on ! uncondition$ ,w4 ,& n[ let u conf9e our att5tion to ! fir/ conception ( ,creation--creatio prima1 imm$iata1 or ,,absolute ,,creation4 ,! fundam5tal ,!i/ic conception :i* lies at ! v root ( ! ,biblical doctr9e ( ,creation1 & cle>ly di/+ui%es x f all ,mat]iali/ic1 ,pan!i/ic1 & ,duali/ic notions ( ! orig9 ( ! _w1 is t ,god is ! ,absolute ,p]sonality--! et]nally self-consci\s1 self-complete1 self-suffici5t ,be+1 all ! det]m9ations ( ^: nature & action are gr\nd$ 9 8 absolute ,w4 ,! ,div9e ess5ce1 9 its inmo/1 deepe/ gr\nd1 is n det]m9$ be+1 b unlimit$ p[] ( self-det]m9ation4 ,! primitive1 root idea ( ! ,godhead is an ev]-liv+1 uncondition$ ,w--an uncondition$ ,w z ! indivisible unity & p]petual diff]5tiation ( reason & p[]1 a w :i* realizes itself 9 self-affirmation 7,,ips,,ity72 manife/s itself 9 self-det]m9ation & *oice 7,,alt]ity72 & completes itself 9 ! actualization ( a f9al purpose 7,,p]fection74#ec ,! nature ( ,god1 z di/9ct f 8 ess5ce1 is absolutely 8 own act4#ed ,god1 z ! manife/$ ,god1 is :at ,he is by 8 own det]m9ation & *oice4 ,god is j1 because ,he wills to be j2 ,god is holy1 because ,he wills to be holy2 ,god is good1 because ,he wills to be good1 & n f any con/ra9+1 imman5t necessity1 o!rwise ,he c\ld n be ! object ( praise1 adoration1 & love4 ,if ,god is n good by virtue ( 8 own det]m9ation & *oice1 !n !re is no?+ praisewor?y & adorable 9 8 nature1 & all ! ?anksgiv+ ( sacr$ psalmody is mean+less2 wor%ip is gr\ndless1 religion has no significance1 & love to ,god is impossible4 ,a necessitat$ goodness c no m comm& our moral e/eem ?an ! uni=m revolution ( ! planet>y orbs1 & :]e !re is no moral e/eem1 !re c be no love1 no wor%ip1 & no praise4#ee ,if1 !n1 ,god is a p]sonal ,be+1 ! ,absolute ,p]sonality1 ano!r be+ c n proce$ f ,him except 9 virtue ( 8 own free det]m9ation4 ,creation mu/ !re=e be a ,,volunt>y act4 ,& = ! full compreh5sion ( ?is fundam5tal pr9ciple1 we mu/ rememb] t volition is some?+ m ?an a simple efflux ( p[]1 some?+ m ?an a m]e develop+ t5d5cy--an evolution or process )\t motive & )\t design4 ,a volunt>y act is a design$1 an int5tional act1 ! act ( a be+ :o c previ\sly contemplate ! act 9 ?\ght1 :o c h a reason or motive = ! do+ ( ! act1 & :o c det]m9e & condition ! de$4 ,?is conception ( creation z a volunt>y act is unmi/akably pres5t$ 9 ! (t-repeat$ language ( ! ,mosaic record1 ,god said1 ,let !re be--& !re 06 ,! speak+ ( ,god mo/ c]ta9ly indicates ! ?9k+ ( ,god1 & x !nce foll[s t all ! works ( creation are ?\ghts ( ,god 7idealism74 ,b x indicates also a w mak+ itself ext]nally kn[n1 an active op]ation ( ,god2 & !nce x foll[s t all ! works ( creation are de$s ( ,god 7realism74 ,?9k+ & op]at+1 h[ev]1 are "o 9 ! ,div9e speak+1 ! primal s\rce ( language--8 p]sonality mak+ ,himself kn[n 7p]sonalism74444 ,?r\gh creat+1 speak+1 mak+1 =m+1 ! _w is ev] & aga9 d5ot$ z ! free de$ ( ,god4#ef ,fur!rmore1 creation is a volunt>y act 9 ! mo/ absolute s5se--t is1 x is an act ( ,god to :i* ,he 0 n det]m9$ by any inh]5t necessity or want ( 8 own nature1 & an act :i* 0 n condition$1 9 a necess>y mann]1 by any ?+ out (1 di/9ct f1 & extrane\s to ! ,div9e nature4 #a4 ,creation 0 an act ( ,god to :i* ,he 0 n det]m9$ by any inh]5t necessity or want ( 8 own nature4 ,if ,god is ! et]nally self-consci\s1 self-complete1 & self-suffici5t ,be+1 ,he is "u no necessity to create o!r be+s 9 ord] to realize p]fect self-consci\sness1 or to secure 8 own p]fect bless$ness4 ,he does n ne$ o!rness--t :i* is n ,himself--9 ord] to become manife/ to ,himself2 nei!r does ,he crave be+s n ,himself#eg 9 ord] to 8 complete felicity4 ,! anti!sis ( self & non-self--! ego & ! non-ego--may be a necess>y condition ( f9ite p]sonality1 b x c n be a necess>y condition ( ,absolute ,p]sonality4 ,god is et]nally reveal$ to ,himself 9 an uncondition$ mann] z self-consci\s ,love1 self-consci\s ,reason1 self-consci\s ,en]gy--! ,fa!r1 ! ,^w1 ! ,_s2 & ,he is f all et]nity ! ev]-bless$ ,god1 :o has 9 ! ,div9e ,triunity ! et]nal & absolutely wor?y object ( 8 ,love1 indep5d5t ( e relation to ! _w & humanity--,?\ lov$/ ,me be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w 7,john xvii4 #bd71 be=e ! _w 0 7v]4 #e74eh ,if1 !n1 creation be ! act ( an ,absolute ,p]sonality1 ! act ( a ,be+ :o freely & unconditionally det]m9es 8 own nature & conditionates all exi/5ce1 !n ! ,w ( ,god is ! sole causality ( ! _w1 & 9 8 ,w alone we h ! unlimit$1 inf9ite gr\nd-pr9ciple ( all reality4 ,absolute ,p]sonality tol]ates no o!r transition f ! idea ( ,god to ! idea ( ! _w ?an t ( a ,w :i* freely conditions itself by ,love4 ,?is ,free ,love is ! highe/ det]m9+ pr9ciple = ! ,div9e effici5cy4 ,!re=e1 9 ord] to d]ive ! ess5tial exi/5ce ( ! _w f ,god1 ! ,scriptures po/ulate no?+ beside or beyond an ev]-liv+1 intellig5t ,w :i* has its reason or motive1 b n its necessitat+ cause1 9 ,love--! b5evol5ce 77 ( 8 ,w 7,eph4 i4 #e74 ,! ,creation is no?+ else ?an ! free self-communication ( ,god1 :o is ,himself et]nally self-complete & self-suffici5t1 b :o f love alone wills t o!r be+s %all h exi/5ce &1 9 fell[%ip ) ,him1 et]nal life4#ei ,x is only by hold+ fa/ to ^! pr9ciples 9 all _! integrity t we c escape ! s$uctions ( ,pan!ism1 t p]petual temptation ( metaphysical m9ds4 ,! fundam5tal idea ( ,pan!ism is an indet]m9ate pr9ciple :i* is necess>ily det]m9$ to become successively e ?+4 ,absolute necessity is ! beg9n+1 middle1 & end4#fj ,we c escape its iron grasp only by di/9ctly recogniz+ & firmly hold+ ! ,absolute ,p]sonality ( ,god--t is1 by affirm+ a p]fect self-consci\sness :i* is n condition$ by an anti!tical n-self2 a p]fect self-det]m9ation :i* is n condition$ by an antec$5t natura naturans2 & a p]fect self-suffici5cy :i* kn[s no want4 ,! fir/ affirmation rejects ! dialectical necessity ( ,hegel1 ! second excludes ! ma!matical necessity ( ,sp9oza1 ! ?ird cancels ! metaphysical necessity ( ,c\s94#fa #b4 ,creation z ! free act ( ,god 0 n condition$ by any ?+ out ( & =eign to ! ,div9e nature4 ,a mom5t's reflection w suffice to conv9ce u t a limitation posit$ f )\t w\ld be z fatal to ! idea ( ,god z a suppos$ inh]5t necessity det]m9+ ! ,div9e causality f )94 ,! idea ( ,god z ! ,be+ :o is absolutely self-gr\nd$1 self-suffici5t1 & self-det]m9$1 equally excludes bo?4 ,if ,god is ! sole causality ( ! heav5s & ! e>? 9 an absolute s5se--! effici5t cause ( "t & all temporal succession--! all-mighty cause ( space1 & ( all spatial relations--! sole orig9ator ( ! primordial sub/ance1 & ( all its qualities1 !n ! creative act c n h be5 condition$ by ,"t or ,space or ,matt]4 ,9 8 o!rwise admirable essay on ,nature & ,god1 ,mr4 ,m>t9eau ass]ts t we c h no conception ( ev5 ! possibility ( a creation except on ! assumption ( ! coeval exi/5ce ( some?+ objective to ,god z ! condition & m$ium ( ! ,div9e ag5cy & manife/ation4 ,he !re=e affirms ! coeval & co-et]nal exi/5ce ( ,space & ,matt]1 ,"t & ,numb]1 ) ,him1 & yet indep5d5t ( ,him4#fb ,! idea ( ,god's supply+ ,himself ) objectivity is1 9 8 judgm5t1 discr$it$ by mod]n sci5ce4 ,! creative act mu/ !re=e h be5 condition$ by some?+ o!r ?an ,god1 & indep5d5t ( ,god4 ,n[ x mu/ be obvi\s to e ?\ghtful m9d t ?is assumption t5ds to ! invalidation ( e pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,if x c be %[n t any "o ?+ exi/s aside f & indep5d5t ( ,god--t any ?+ exi/s :i* 0 n creat$ by ,god--!n may we claim equal indep5d5ce = e o!r ?+1 & ,he :o claims to be ! ,creator ( all ?+s is discr$it$4 ,z ,h]b]t ,sp5c] urges1 ) great =ce1 ,if we admit t !re c be some?+ uncaus$1 !re is no reason to assume a cause = any ?+4#fc ,) :at reason c we say t "s ?+s d exi/ t nev] 7 creat$1 b o!rs c n s exi/8 ,if sub/ances are et]nal1 :y n attributes8 ,if matt] is self-exi/5t1 :y n =ce8 ,if space is indep5d5t1 :y n =m8 ,& if we conc$e ! et]nity ( matt] & =ce1 :y n admit ! et]nity ( law--t is1 uni=mity ( relations8 ,& if s mu* is grant$1 :y n also grant t a consequ5t ord] ( ! univ]se is also et]nal8 ,if we admit t any ?+ besides ,god is self-exi/5t1 t any ?+ exi/s indep5d5t ( ,god z ! condition ( ! ,div9e ag5cy & manife/ation1 !n ,god is n ! uncondition$ ,absolute ,be+4 ,a limitation posit$ f )\t directly de/roys ! idea ( ,god1 = x contradicts ! idea ( ! ,absolute4#fd ,mr4 ,m>t9eau admits t ! assumption ( ! coeval exi/5ce ( matt] z ! condition & m$ium ( ! ,div9e ag5cy re/s on q o!r gr\nds ?an ^? :i* support our belief respect+ space4#fe ,we c conceive ! non-exi/5ce ( matt]1 b we c n conceive ! non-exi/5ce ( space4 ,! idea ( space is absolutely necess>y1 !re=e no "o asks a cause = ! space ( ! univ]se4#ff ,9 mak+ ?is ass]tion1 h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,m>t9eau betrays "s want ( acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory ( ! philosophy ( space & "t4 ,_m able & ?or\ghly philosophic m9ds h ask$ a cause1 & h assign$ a cause = ! space ( ! univ]se4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton held t ,god endures always & is pres5t e :]e1 & by exi/+ always & e :]e con/itutes duration & space4#fg ,?is doctr9e1 ?us g5]ally /at$1 is held by ,saisset to be inconte/ible4#fh ,mc,cosh also believes t "t & space are n indep5d5t ( ,god3 ,i am n necess>ily oblig$ to believe t ! inf9ity ( space & "t is indep5d5t ( ! inf9ity ( ,god4444 ,:o w v5ture to affirm t space & "t1 be+ dep5d5t on ,god1 may n /& 9 "s relation to ,god :i* is altoge!r indef9able & utt]ly incompreh5sible by u4#fi ,f9ally1 ,s*lei]ma*] & ,nitzs* d n hesitate to tea* t ,god is ! all-mighty cause ( space & ! effici5t cause ( "t4#gj ,! "q :e!r ! idea ( space is conditionally or unconditionally necess>y c only be det]m9$ by ! solution ( ! deep] "q :e!r space is a real entity or a relation4 ,if space is a real entity1 x mu/ h prop]ties or attributes1 b :at philosoph] ( any reputation has ev] attempt$ to set d[n ! prop]ties or attributes ( space8 ,!y :o ass]t t space is an uncreat$1 indep5d5t1 & inde/ructible entity1 ought to be able to def9e x & tell :at x is4 ,dr4 ,port] tells u t space c n be def9$1 ,we c n =m a concept ( ?is entity by means ( g5]aliz$ attributes or relations4#ga ,c t be = u an entity ( :i* we c =m no concept1 & :i* we c n det]m9e 9 ?\ght by any attribute or relation8 ,! writ] ( ! article on ,! ,philosophy ( ,"t & ,space1 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1#gb is an e>ne/ def5d] ( ! objective reality ( space z an indep5d5t & inde/ructible entity1 & he has def9$ & analyz$ ! concept4 ,space is absolute vacuity 7p4 #ia74 ,! idea ( space is a triple syn!sis 444 ( ?ree negative notions--receptivity1 unity1 & inf9ity2 ! fir/ is ! negation ( matt]1 ! second is ! negation ( divisibility1 ! ?ird is ! negation ( limitation 7p4 #ie74 ,d ^! words convey any k8 ,absolute vacuity is void1 empty1 inane4 ,absolute vacuity is pure no?+1 & ( c\rse !re is no?+ to be divid$ & no?+ to be limit$4 ,absolute vacuity is a negation1 & unity & inf9ity are negations ( a negation--t is1 !y are pr$icates ( no?+4 ,negative notions mu/ be pr$icates ( some?+1 o!rwise !y are a m]e negation or abs5ce ( ?\ght1 & convey absolutely no k4 ,we may1 if we please1 ass]t ) ,hegel1 t ,no?+ is ! same z ,be+1 & !n amuse ourselves ) mak+ affirmations conc]n+ vacuity1 nihility1 & unreality to ! disgrace ( philosophy2 b ! common-s5se ( mank9d w repudiate our absurdities4 ,we c n ?9k ab\t no?+2 all ?\ght mu/ be positive4 ,?\ght mu/ h an object1 & t object mu/ be ei!r an entity1 or ! attribute ( an entity1 or a relation betwe5 entities4 ,if pure space is reg>d$ z absolute vacuity--pure no?+--!n we may readily dispose ( ! argum5t on :i* ,pr(4 ,/ew>t relies ) s mu* confid5ce4 ,div9e omnipot5ce c n annihilate space1#gc !re=e x mu/ be an indep5d5t reality4 ,we h simply to answ]--! notion ( annihilat+ nihility is an absurdity & a contradiction4 ,!re is no?+ to be annihilat$1 & ,omnipot5ce ev5 mu/ be inadequate to ! annihilation ( no?+4 ,if1 ) ,leibnitz1 ,"l ,monboddo1 ,cald]wood1 & _m mod]n physici/s1#gd we reject ! notion ( absolute vacuity--inf9ite space--& reg>d space z a relation--! relation ( position1 di/ance1 direction--!n1 l all ! quantitive relations ( ma!matics1 x may be reg>d$ z conditionally necess>y--t is1 bodies be+ giv51 !y mu/ necess>ily h place1 di/ance1 & direction4#ge ,space z a necess>y relation is a reality1 b a reality :i* is condition$ & conditional1 & ,god is ! all-mighty cause ( space4 ,if all bodies 7 annihilat$1 !re w\ld be no position1 no di/ance1 no direction1 & consequ5tly space w\ld be annihilat$4 ,!re w\ld rema9 no?+ b ! timeless1 spaceless1 ,inf9ite ,"o1 :o is ! effici5t cause ( all exi/5ce1 all qualities1 & all relations4 ,?is1 aga91 w\ld be a suffici5t answ] to ! sophism ( ,dr4 ,cl>k1 quot$ & indors$ by ,/ew>t--,god c n annihilate ! space 9 ?is room6 ,annihilate ! room1 & ! relative space 9 ! room is no m--t is1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! inclos+ walls4 ,( pure space ap>t f ! relations ( bodies we h no conception1 c h no conception2 = to annihilate all bodies1 9 ?\ght1 we mu/ annihilate our own body1 & to a disembodi$ _s !re c be no "h & no !re4 ,place is a relation belong+ to ext5sion1 & ext5sion is a prop]ty ( matt] only4#gf ,!re has be5 s mu* confusion ( ?\ght g5]at$ by ! m]e ^w-juggl]y ( philosoph]s 9 ! use ( ! t]ms "t & space1 duration & ext5sion1 et]nity & imm5sity1 t a revision ( ! :ole t]m9ology 9 ! int]e/ ( true sci5ce is dem&$4 ,x is p]il\s to laun* out ^u ?is ocean ( equivocal phraseology1 call$ ! philosophy ( "t & space1 be=e tak+ our be>+s1 amid notions s closely relat$1 yet s dissimil>1 & endeavor+ to fix "s def9ite mean+ to ^! t]ms1 :i*1 l po9ts ( ! compass1 %all enable u to f9d our position4 #a4 ,let u comm5ce our ef=t ) ,,space1 ,,ext5sion1 & ,,imm5sity4 ,"s philosoph]s--,c\s91#gg ,hamilton1#gh ,sp5c]1#gi ,mc,cosh1#hj = example--conf\nd space & ext5sion1 & all ( !m conf\nd bo? ) absolute imm5sity4#ha ,n[ if space is id5tical ) ext5sion1 x mu/ be cogniz$ by ! s5ses & ! s5su\s imag9ation4 ,?is is unhesitat+ly affirm$ by ,hamilton3 ,we see ext5sion1 & by ! "n ext5sion we designate our empirical k ( space4#hb ,s also ,mc,cosh3 ,( space 9 ! concrete we h an imm$iate k by ! s5ses1 c]ta9ly by "s ( !m1 su* z ! t\* & sight4#hc ,space 9 ?is connection c n !re=e be reg>d$ z an priori cognition4 ,x is equally obvi\s t if space is id5tical ) ext5sion1 x mu/ h color & =m4 ,?is also is admitt$ by ,hamilton3 ,i c easily annihilate all corporeal exi/5ce 9 imag9ation4 ,i c imag9e empty space4 ,b !re are two attributes ( :i* ,i c n dive/ x--t is1 %ape & color4#hd ,n[ if space has %ape1 t is1 figure1 x mu/ h dim5sions1 & accord+ly we f9d almo/ all philosoph]s speak+ ( ! ?ree dim5sions ( space--l5g?1 bread?1 & dep?4 ,t :i* has l5g?1 bread?1 & dep? mu/ be divisible1 mu/ h p>ts & proportions1 mu/ h susceptibilities ( exact measurem5t1 & !re=e mu/ be f9ite4 ,?is aga9 is ! doctr9e ( ,hamilton3 ,space is f9ite1 & a f9ite1 t is1 a b\nd$ space con/itutes a figure--a sph]e4#he ,! fundam5tal doctr9e ( ,hamilton is t space1 l "t1 is only ! intuition or ! concept ( a c]ta9 correlation ( exi/5ce--( exi/5ce1 !re=e1 pro tanto1 z condition$4 ,x is ?us itself only a =m ( ! condition$4#hf ,b if space be only a correlation ( condition$1 & !re=e f9ite exi/5ce1 h[ c he speak ( x be+ conceiv$ z inf9ite1#hg &1 above all1 h[ c he speak ( ! absolute totality & ! inf9ite imm5sity ( space4 ,mc,cosh1 also1 ?\gh evid5tly ) "s hesitation1 tea*es t we c conceive proportion 9 space1 & if we take any ( ^! proportional sections1 & divide x into two1 ?\ght w compel u to say t ! two make up ! :ole4 ,9 ?is s5se ! p>ts make up ! :ole--t is1 ! subsections make up ! section4 ,if ! "q be ext5d$ beyond ?is1 & x be ask$1 ,is inf9ite space made up ( p>ts8 ,i answ]1 t z we c h no adequate notion ( inf9ite space1 s we c n be expect$ to answ] all ! que/ions :i* may be put reg>d+ x4 ,x is c]ta9 t nei!r inf9ite space nor f9ite space is made up ( sep>ate p>ts4 ,we c speak intelligibly ( proportions 9 f9ite space1 & det]m9e _! relations to ea* o!r & ! :ole4 ,i tremble to speak ( ! proportions ( inf9ite space1 le/ ,i be us+ language :i* has or c h no prop] mean+1 & ! signification atta*$ to :i* by me or o!rs might be altoge!r inapplicable to su* a subject4 ,/ill !re are propositions :i* we might intelligibly use4 ,x is self-evid5t t any proportion ( space mu/ be less ?an inf9ite space4 ,& if inf9ite space c be conceiv$ z hav+ proportions1 & we c\ld conceive all ^! proportions1 !n ^! proportions w\ld be equal to ! :ole6#hh ,well may ! au?or say t he is 9 a region d>k & pa?less2 = ! language "h employ$ c h no prop] mean+ 9 reg>d to inf9ite space4 ,well may he tremble to speak ( ! proportions ( inf9ite space1 = :at c proportion 7pro1 = portio1 a "p7 mean except a num]ical relation ( p>ts8 ,proportions--num]ical relations--are measurable quantities1 !re=e f9ite quantities1 & no addition ( f9ite quantities1 c make ! inf9ite4 ,:at confusion & contradiction is "h wr\ght by ?is ^w-juggl]y ) ! :ole & p>ts ( space6 ,c\s91 also1 falls into ! same inaccuracy & confusion4 ,he tells u t human reason c conceive ( a space det]m9$ & limit$1#hi !re=e divisible1 measurable1 & f9ite2 & yet at ! same "t he tea*es t space is illimitable1 absolutely cont9u\s1 an indivisible unity4#ij ,& n[ let u note ! contradictions :i* fl[ f ?is conf\nd+ ( space ) ext5sion1 & bo? ) imm5sity4 ,space is cogniz$ po/]iori1 space is cogniz$ priori4 ,space has p>ts & proportions1 space has no p>ts or proportions4 ,space is divisible1 space is indivisible--an absolute unity4 ,space is f9ite1 space is inf9ite4 ,space is susceptible ( exact measurem5t1 space is immeasurable--t is1 absolute imm5sity4 ,space & ext5sion are n id5tical4 ,ext5sion is simply an attribute ( body--! cont9uity ( matt]4 ,space is place1 di/ance1 direction1 relations ( bodies4 ,space is a c]ta9 correlation ( f9ite exi/5ces4 ,imm5sity is ! attribute ( ! uncondition$ ,be+1 ! absolute ,_s--t is1 ,god4 ,he is incorporeal1 b\ndless1 spaceless1 inf9ite4 #b4 ,! same confusion p]vades ! writ+s ( philosoph]s 9 reg>d to ,,"t1 ,,duration1 & ,,et]nity4 ,succession is conf\nd$ ) duration1#ia duration ) "t1#ib & "t ) et]nity4#ic ,if succession & duration are id5tical1 !n1 !re is no p]man5t sub/ance und]ly+ ! fugitive ph5om5a ( ! out] _w1 & no p]sonal exi/5ce :i* rema9s ! same ?r\gh all ! *anges ( our m5tal /ates4 ,! human m9d is simply a s]ies ( feel+s1 a succession ( m5tal /ates )\t any endur+ gr\nd pr9ciple con/itut+ our p]sonal id5tity1 & we are ?us l&$ 9 ! con/ructive ,idealism ( ,john ,/u>t ,mill4#id ,on ! o!r h&1 if !re be a p]man5t sub/ance or ess5ce und]ly+ all m5tal ph5om5a1 ^: cont9uance 9 exi/5ce is measur$ by ph5om5al *ange1 "t succession1 !n duration c n be id5tical ) "t1 any m ?an p]man5ce c be ! same z *ange4 ,) f9ite duration !re is necess>ily giv5 *ange2 ! pa/ is l ! future--always a m9us 9 relation to ! pres5t4 ,fur!rmore1 if "t is synonym\s ) et]nity1 !n et]nity is divisible1 measurable1 x has limits & p>ts4 ,"t1 say ! philosoph]s1 has "o dim5sion1 :ile space has ?ree4 ,we1 says ,mc,cosh1 repres5t "t z a l9e1#ie x mu/ !re=e be divisible1 &1 if divisible1 x is legitimate to speak1 ) ,hamilton1 ( "t & its p>ts4 ,"t has succession1 or priority & po/]iority4#if ,& yet ?is same writ] 9 ! same "w tells u1 ,"t has no limits1 & ,"t c n be divid$ into sep>able p>ts4#ig ,if "t & et]nity are id5tical1 et]nity has a pa/1 a pres5t1 & a future--et]nity ab ante & et]nity a po/4#ih ,! et]nity pa/ is b\nd$ by ! pres5t1 x ends n[2 ! et]nity to come beg9s n[4 ,we may ) propriety ask1 ,h[ c t :i* has succession1 :i* is capable ( exact measurem5t1 :i* has a beg9n+ & an end1 be inf9ite8 ,t :i* _h a beg9n+ c n be unbeg9n+1 t :i* w come to an end c n be endless4 ,is n ! et]nity ( "t a contradiction 9 t]ms8 ,is n absolute "t an absurdity8 ,m>k1 !n1 ! contradictions :i* fl[ f ! conf\nd+ ( succession & duration1 "t & et]nity4 ,"t has limits1 "t has no limits4 ,"t is divisible1 "t is indivisible4 ,"t is f9ite1 "t is inf9ite4 ,"t is relative1 "t is absolute4 ,"t is mov+1 x fl[s2 "t is immovable1 x does n fl[4#ii ,duration & succession1 et]nity & "t1 are n id5tical4 ,duration is ! cont9uance 9 exi/5ce ( f9ite creatures1 a cont9uance :i* is measur$ by ! equable motion ( planet>y orbs1 & imp]fectly by ph5om5al *anges 9 our m5tal /ates4 ,succession is simply an ord] ( ph5om5a1 ! recurr5ce1 at regul> or irregul> int]vals1 ( l *anges1 or ! s]ies ( diff]5t /ates 9 ! same exi/5ce4 ,"t is a c]ta9 correlation ( successive exi/5ces4 ,et]nity is an attribute ( ! absolute ,be+--! timelessness ( ,god4 ,he is n subject to ! law ( *ange1 & !re=e n to ! law ( "t1 !re=e 8 absolute be+ c n be measur$ by successive epo*s4 ,let u n[ endeavor to dismiss f our ?\ght all ?is p]plex+ necromancy ( words1 & humbly pray1 ) ,!mi/ocles1 = "s sweet voluptu\s art ( =gett+4 ,let u fix our m5tal gaze ^u ! objects ( ?\ght :i* are d5ot$ by ! t]ms "t & space1 & ask :at are !y8 ,are !y exi/5ces or attributes1 are !y ideal or real1 are !y entities or relations8 ,h we any cle> & def9ite notions ( :i* ^! are ! unequivocal signs8 ,! solution ( ^! que/ions is ! ess5tial condition ( a true philosophy ( "t & space4 ,fir/ ( all1 is x n self-evid5t t1 if "t & space are = u ! objects ( ?\ght1 !y mu/ be conceiv$ "u ! categories ( ,be+ or ,quality or ,relation8 ,if !y c n be ?\ght z real exi/5ces1 or z attributes ( exi/+ ?+s1 or z relations among exi/+ ?+s1 !y c n be ?\ght at all--!y are non-entities1 & we c n ?9k ab\t no?+4 ,?\ght c only be realiz$ by ?9k+ some?+ 444 ?is some?+ mu/ be ?\ght z exi/+ 444 & we c only ?9k a ?+ z exi/+1 by ?9k+ x z exi/+ 9 ?is or t det]m9ate mann] ( exi/5ce2 & :5ev] we cease to ?9k ( some?+ z exi/+--some?+ exi/+ 9 a det]m9ate mann] ( exi/5ce--we cease to ?9k at all4#ajj ,mc,cosh ass]ts t "t & space are nei!r sub/ances1 modes1 nor relations4#aja ,:at1 !n1 are !y8 ,he answ]s1 ,!y seem to be entitl$ to be put 9 a class by !mselves1 & resemble sub/ances1 modes1 relations only 9 t !y are exi/5ces1 entities1 realities4#ajb ,b if !y are entitl$ to be put 9 a class by !mselves1 :at is ! "n ( t class1 & by :at *>act]i/ic m>ks %all we di/+ui% x8 ,if !y are realities1 !y mu/ h be+1 or inh]e 9 some?+ t has be+1 or be relations ( some?+ 9 be+4 ,if !y are exi/5ces1 !y mu/ be ! objects ( s5se p]ception1 or rational intuition1 or imm$iate judgm5t1 o!rwise !y c n be cogniz$ at all1 = ! m9d c n create objects ( its own cognition4 ,we ask aga91 ,:at are space & "t8 ,mc,cosh & ,dr4 ,port] bo? answ]3 #a4 ,!y are n sub/ances4 ,?is no "o w dispute4 ,!y are n mat]ial sub/ances hav+ s5sible qualities :i* c be ! objects ( s5se p]ception4 ,space & "t are n p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses4#ajc ,nei!r are !y spiritual sub/ances4 ,we d n "k !m z hav+ p[] & p]=m+ acts4 #b4 ,!y bo? reply1 ,!y are n attributes or qualities ( matt] or _s4 ,?is1 also1 no "o w dispute1 if ! ^w "t is n us$ z a synonym = et]nity1 & ! ^w space is n us$ z a synonym = imm5sity1 because et]nity & imm5sity are attributes ( ! absolute ,_s4 #c4 ,!y bo? ass]t1 ,!y are n relations4 ,?is is disput$ by _m3 by ,leibnitz1 by ,hamilton1 by ,saisset1 by ,cald]wood1 & by o!rs4 ,leibnitz says1 ,space is ! ord] ( ?+s co-exi/+4 ,"t is ! ord] ( ?+s successive4#ajd ,hamilton says1 ,space1 l "t1 is only ! intuition or ! conception ( a c]ta9 correlation ( exi/5ce4#aje ,cald]wood def9es "t z a c]ta9 correlation ( exi/5ce1 & space z ! recogniz$ relation ( ext5d$ objects4#ajf ,& ,saisset reg>ds "t & space z /&+ 9 ! same category ) ma!matical relations4#ajg ,^! are1 to say ! lea/1 di/+ui%$ names 9 philosophy4 ,! op9ions ( m5 :o h = ye>s pond]$ ^! pr(\nd problems are at any rate entitl$ to prop] consid]ation1 & if 9 opposition to _! views x is affirm$ t "t & space z und]/&+-concepts are n relations1 "s reasons %\ld be assign$4 ,all ! pro( (f]$ by ,dr4 ,mc,cosh is t we "k no two or m ?+s :i* by _! relation c\ld yield space & "t 7p4 #baa74 ,we answ]1 promptly1 duration & *ange d yield ! relation ( "t4 ,! consci\sness ( succession 9 our m5tal /ates is 9 reality our consci\sness ( "t4#ajh ,! co-exi/5ce ( two or m ext5d$ objects mu/ yield ! relation ( space1 = empty space is no?+ m ?an ! relative di/ance ( ext5d$ objects f ea* o!r1 measur$ on a /&>d simil> to t :i* applies to ! bodies !mselves4 ,9 ?is way x is equally accurate to say t !re is a c]ta9 specifi$ di/ance betwe5 ! bodies1 & t !re is no?+ betwe5 !m1 because space is no?+ b _! relation to ea* o!r4#aji ,annihilate all f9ite exi/5ces1 & :at rema9s8 ,no?+ b ! imm5sity ( ,god4 ,let "o atom ( matt] be creat$1 & we h ext5sion4 ,let a second atom be creat$1 & !re is n[ a relation ( di/ance1 position1 direction--t is1 !re is space4 ,! only rem>k made by ,dr4 ,port] :i* has a direct be>+ on ?is important discussion is t ,space & "t are nei!r relations nor correlations1 b correlates to be+s & ev5ts 7,! ,human ,intellect1 p4 #efh74 ,x may seem an act ( presumption 9 "o :o has sp5t mu* less "t on ^! /udies ?an ,dr4 ,port] to (f] a criticism on ?is f9al deliv]ance4 ,b :5 he tells u t space & "t are nei!r relations nor correlations1 aft] hav+ ?r\gh f\r pages ,on ! relations ( space & "t concepts to motion labor$ to su/a9 ! doctr9e ( ,tr5del5b]g t ! categories ( space & "t are d]iv$ f ! univ]sal & all-p]vad+ motion :i* is common to bo? 7p4 #ebf71 we confess we are amaz$4 ,let x be grant$ t ! spatial & temporal relations c be1 9 _! la/ analysis1 resolv$ into motion1 /ill ! "q rema9s1 ,h[ c we conceive ( motion except z ! result ( =ce8--t is1 ( p[] actually ex]t$ some:]e4 ,9 ! la/ analysis1 !re=e1 ! relations ( space1 "t1 & motion are resolv$ into ! relation ( causality4 ,! conclusion seems inevitable t "t & space are correlations ( f9ite exi/5ces4 ,annihilate all f9ite exi/5ces & f9ite duration1 & !re is nei!r space nor "t--t is1 !re is pure no?+4 ,or1 m prop]ly1 !re is ! ,omnipot5ce1 ! ,imm5sity1 ! ,et]nity ( ,god1 ^: causation may give exi/5ce to f9ite be+s ) all _! necess>y z well z cont+5t relations4 ,:oev] ma9ta9s a beg9n+ ( ! _w mu/ also adopt a beg9n+ ( "t1 = only worldly be+1 :i* accord+ to its notion has n its gr\nd 9 itself1 b is an orig9at$ be+1 c at all h "t = ! =m ( its exi/5ce4#aaj ,& n[1 9 summ+ up1 let u see if we c cle>ly dis5gage ?ree classes ( di/9ct notions3 #a4 ,! notion ( concrete & f9ite ,,ext5sion z ! ess5tial quality ( matt]2 & ! notion ( f9ite ,,duration z a quality ( *angeful dep5d5t exi/5ce4 #b4 ,! notion ( ,,space z ! relation ( co-exi/+ mat]ial ?+s--t is1 ! relation ( position1 di/ance1 direction1 h]5ess1 !r5ess2 & ! notion ( "t z ! relation ( successive exi/5ce--t is1 ! relation ( priority & po/]iority1 ( pa/1 pres5t1 & future4 #c4 ,! notion ( ,,imm5sity & ,,et]nity--t is1 an absolute cont9uity & illimitability ( be+1 ! abs5ce ( all limit1 all quantity1 all beg9n+ & end1 ! attributes ( ! uncondition$ ,be+4 ,let u endeavor %>ply to def9e ^! notions1 :i* unhappily are too (t5 conf\nd$4 #a4 ,! ext]nal s5ses 9 _! diff]5t degrees1 especially sight & t\*1 give u ! k ( objects t are ext5d$ & figur$4 ,! body ,i grasp ) ! h& or survey ) ! eye has limits1 outl9es1 angles1 surfaces--t is1 x has m or less ,,ext5sion4 ,! inn] s5se gives u ! k ( ! *anges & successions ( our m5tal life4 ,b1 amid all ^! *anges1 ,i am consci\s !re is a some?+ :i* endures4 ,:at is t p]man5t some?+ :i* ,i appreh5d "u all ! v>y+ m5tal /ates8 ,x is t pr9ciple ( p]sonal id5tity :i* ,i call ,i--myself4 ,to feel & "k t ,i am ! same p]son "u all modifications ( my m5tal activity is to endure4 ,?r\gh ! aid ( memory1 :i* enables me to recall pa/ m5tal /ates1 & ! imm$iate consci\sness ( p]sonal exi/5ce1 ?r\gh all ^! *anges ,i obta9 ! notion ( ,,duration4 ,! notions ( ,ext5sion & ,duration are cle> to my m9d4 #b4 ,besides ! notion ( ext5d$ bodies1 ,i h also ! notion ( position1 di/ance1 direction among ext5d$ bodies4 ,!y exi/ 9 v>i\s relations to ea* o!r2 !y are "h or !re1 above or bel[1 ne> at h& or indef9itely remote4 ,x may be ! di/ance betwe5 two p>ticles ( du/ 9 ! sunbeam1 or ! walls ( ! room1 or betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun1 or betwe5 ! sun & ! out]mo/ planet ( our sy/em1 or betwe5 ! e>? & ! remote/ /> :i* tw9kles at ! outpo/s ( ! univ]se4 ,position1 di/ance1 direction are all relations4 ,& to all ^! relations ,i pref]1 ) ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 to give ! g5]ic "n ,,space4#aaa ,!n ,i h no confusion ( ?\ght1 & no difficulty or contradiction 9 us+ ! language ( ,c\s91 ,hamilton1 & ,mc,cosh1 :5 !y speak ( det]m9ate & limit$ space1 p>ticul> spaces1 p>ts ( space1 & proportions ( space4 ,along ) ! notion ( duration 7& succession ( diff]5t /ates 9 ! same exi/5ce71 ,i am consci\s t ?is duration is capable ( admeasurem5t by common /&>ds1 & ideally divid$ into p]iods ( long] or %ort] duration4 ,?is duration may be measur$ by successive /ates ( consci\sness1 or facts ( dome/ic hi/ory1 or1 bett] /ill1 by ! succession ( day & night1 or ! relative position ( ! sun 9 ! heav5s1 ! revolutions ( ! moon ar\nd ! e>?1 or ( ! e>? ar\nd ! sun4 ,^! are really _w-measurem5ts ( duration4 ,s9ce1 !n1 duration c be measur$ f any po9t & 9 any proportions1 x is cle> t measurem5t is a purely relative ?+--a relation4 ,( any su* ?+ z pure "t or absolute "t we h no k4 ,,"t is ! measure ( f9ite duration--! correlation ( ?+s successive4 ,& if ,i conf9e myself to ?is usage1 ,i am "u no necessity ( us+ ! p>adoxical language ( _m philosoph]s1 "t is et]nity6 #c4 ,we come1 la/ly1 to ! notions or ideas ( ,,imm5sity & ,,et]nity1 & we ask1 ,are ^! necess>y ideas ( ! reason1 or c !y be conf\nd$ ) ! relations ( co-exi/5ce & succession on ! "o h&1 or ) ! attributes ( f9ite ext5sion & duration on ! o!r8 ,?is is n a m]e "q ( sy/ems ( philosophy or !ology--x is a "q ( facts4 ,are ! ideas ( ,absolute ,inf9ity & ,et]nity necess>y intuitions ( ! reason8 ,! _w ( s5se-p]ception1 ! _w ( sci5ce1 is ph5om5al & cont+5t4 ,all t is (f]$ to our obs]vation is limit$ & temporal4 ,! univ]se surr5d]$ to our sci5ce is "o ( quantities & quantitative relations4 ,x is condition$ by numb] & =m4 ,its ext5sions1 spaces1 & motions are capable ( admeasurem5t4 ,its worlds & sy/ems are subject to num]ation4 ,! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se are all subject to *ange1 !y h beg9n+1 succession1 & end4 ,b beyond ! notions ( ! limit$ & ! temporal1 we f9d 9 consci\sness ! ideas ( ! illimitable & ! et]nal2 ! latt] always appe>+ to reason z ! necess>y correlates ( ! =m]4 ,! f9ite necess>ily supposes ! inf9ite2 ! temporal necess>ily supposes ! et]nal4 ,! two classes ( notions are ess5tially diff]5t1 & defy all attempts to g5]alize !m "u high] concepts4 ,! inf9ite is n ! totality ( f9ite exi/5ces2 et]nity is n ! prolongation ( f9ite durations4 ,imm5sity & et]nity are absolutely & unconditionally necess>y ideas4 ,i c easily conceive ! non-exi/5ce ( any f9ite ?+4 ,i c1 )\t any contradiction1 suppose ! :ole _w to be de/roy$4 ,all :i* has a d]iv$ & a dep5d5t exi/5ce may cease to be4 ,b we c n conceive ! s\rce ( all exi/5ce annihilat$4 ,!re is "o notion :i* x is impossible = me to annihilate 9 ?\ght1 & t is ! notion ( absolute be+--und]iv$1 uncondition$1 *angeless1 et]nal be+4 ,despite ! de/ruction ( all det]m9ate ext5sion & all f9ite duration1 !re rema9s a ,supreme ,reality1 unlimit$1 unbeg9n+1 & endless1 z an absolute necessity ( ?\ght4 ,"h1 !n1 are two absolute ideas f\nd 9 ! dep?s ( consci\sness--! ideas ( ,,imm5sity & ,,et]nity2 ideas z real1 z natural1 & z necess>y z ! notions ( ext5sion & duration4 ,imm5sity & ,et]nity are attributes ( ,god4 ,ext5sion & ,duration are attributes ( f9ite1 dep5d5t exi/5ce4 ,space & "t are relations betwe5 co-exi/+ ?+s & successive ev5ts4 ,if by ?is some:at ab/ruse &1 p]haps1 too l5g?y discussion we h succe$$ 9 prov+ t ,"t & ,space are simply relations betwe5 co-exi/5t ?+s & successive ev5ts1 :i*1 ap>t f ?+s & ev5ts1 h no reality1 & are no?+ b ! b>e possibility ( body & *ange1 !n we h dis5tangl$ ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( absolute creation f ! emb>rassm5t occasion$ by suppos+ ! coeval & co-et]nal exi/5ce ( ,"t & ,space z ! necess>y conditions ( ! ,div9e activity4 ,if ,"t & ,space are relations betwe5 ?+s & ev5ts1 !n ,god1 z ! almighty cause ( ?+s & relations1 is ! effici5t cause ( space & "t1 & ! creative act 0 n condition$ by !m4 ,! affirmation ( ! necess>y exi/5ce ( ,space1 ,"t1 & ,numb] z co-et]nal ) & indep5d5t ( ,god1#aab prep>$ ! way = & r5d]$ plausible ! fur!r affirmation ( ! coeval exi/5ce ( matt] z ! condition & m$ium ( ! ,div9e ag5cy & manife/ation4#aac ,= if ,space1 ,"t1 & ,numb] are et]nal1 :y may n ,matt] be et]nal8 ,b :y /op ) ! ass]tion ( ! et]nity ( ,space1 ,"t1 ,numb]1 & ,matt]8 ,if we admit t !re may be some?+ uncaus$1 !re is no reason to assume a cause ( any?+4 ,if we admit ! et]nity ( ,matt]1 h[ c we d5y ! et]nity ( ,=ce8 ,we c n conceive ( ! exi/5ce ( sub/ance )\t "s prop]ties or qualities1 & ( all ! prop]ties ( matt]1 gravitation or weight seems to approa* ne>e/ to an ess5tial1 necess>y quality4 ,& if we conc$e ! et]nity ( matt] & gravitat+ =ce1 :y n admit ! et]nity ( law--t is1 uni=mity ( prop]ties & relations2 uni=mity 9 ! results aris+ f ! motions & *anges ( matt]8 ,& :5 s mu* is grant$1 :y n grant t a consequ5t ,ord] ( ! univ]se mu/ also be et]nal8 :y n grant t ! univ]se is an inf9ite succession ( ord]ly ph5om5a )\t a beg9n+ & end8 ,aft] ! fir/ concession t matt] is uncreat$ & et]nal1 h[ c any "o refute ! doctr9e ( ,hume t ! univ]se nev] _h a beg9n+1 & t "u "s "o or ano!r possible phase--amid ! inf9ite possibility ( phases--x is bo? et]nal & inf9ite8 ,h[1 aft] ?is admission1 c we d5y t ! univ]se is a s]ies ( ev5ts exi/+ et]nally 9 a /ate ( ord] )\t a cause o!r ?an ! et]nally inh]5t laws ( matt]8 ,x w\ld be easy to %[ t all ^? writ]s on ,natural ,!ology :o h made ! lea/ concession 9 reg>d to ?is fundam5tal "q h involv$ !mselves 9 entanglem5ts & difficulties f :i* !y c\ld n logically extricate !mselves4 ,dr4 ,*alm]s cont5ds t ! m]e exi/5ce ( matt] ) its prop]ties & laws w\ld n involve ! affirmation ( an ,absolute ,fir/ ,cause4 ,! pro(1 he says1 lies solely 9 ! disposition1 collocation1 & arrangem5t ( ^! prop]ties & laws 9 _! relation to ea* o!r1 s z to secure h>moni\s & b5eficial results4 ,s f> z ! argum5t = ! exi/5ce ( ,god is conc]n$1 he provisionally conc$es t matt]1 ) all its laws1 may be et]nal4#aad ,true1 he says t he grants ! et]nity ( matt] simply = ! purposes ( 8 argum5t4 ,b :at "r has he to grant x = ! purposes ( 8 argum5t1 & !n to d5y x 9 ob$i5ce to ! decisive affirmation ( a well-accr$it$ revelation8 ,if ,div9e revelation tea*es ! non-et]nity ( matt]1 ?is is = ! ,*ri/ian a tru?--a fundam5tal tru?2 & :oev] surr5d]s or compromises a fundam5tal position mu/ f9ally fail 9 8 managem5t ( ! ,!i/ic argum5t4 ,! intuitions ( reason & ! doctr9es ( revelation are b sep>ate rays f ! "o et]nal f\nta9 ( light2 & if we ignore or compromise ! fundam5tal tru?s ( revelation1 reason w refuse to place h] imprimatur ^u & give h] indorsem5t to our lame & halt+ pro(s4 ,?is is /rik+ly illu/rat$ by ,*alm]s's failure to con/ruct an argum5t = a ,god t satisfies ! reason1 aft] he has affirm$ ! et]nity ( matt] = ! purpose ( br++ out 8 conclusion 7p4 #gi74 ,b ,dr4 ,*alm]s c n /op ) ! simple concession t matt] is et]nal4 ,only grant its necess>y exi/5ce1 & x is impossible to imag9e t along ) exi/5ce x %\ld n h prop]ties 444 & laws 7p4 #ge74 ,n[1 if ! admission t a f9ite1 composite1 divisible sub/ance may be self-exi/5t1 & h et]nal prop]ties & laws1 is n logically inconsi/5t1 h[ c he %[ t ^! prop]ties & laws 9 _! et]nal action & reaction are n adequate to ! production ( a s]ies ( ph5om5a :i* to our und]/&+ may appe> h>moni\s8 ,c et]nal laws produce any ?+ b ord]8 ,! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s is ! only possible ord] t c\ld arise f ! necess>y op]ation ( et]nal laws1 & !re c be no *oice1 design1 or purpose 9 ! univ]se4 ,collocation1 arrangem5t1 adaptation1 are only subjective an?ropomorphic conceptions we impose ^u nature4 ,if matt] & its laws are et]nal1 h[ w ,*alm]s extricate himself f ?is dilemma8 ,by ?is admission he places a weapon 9 ! h&s ( ! anti-,!i/1 by :i* ! latt] may cut ! teleological argum5t to pieces4 ,my e/eem$ fri5d1 ,dr4 ,mahan1 9 8 zeal to ov]?r[ ! ontological pro( ( ! be+ ( ,god1 & to v9dicate = ! etiological pro( ! sole claim to validity1 has be5 betray$ into a simil> inconsi/5cy4 ,t !re is any priori pro( ( ! be+ ( ,god is 9 8 e/imation a wild *im]a4 ,=mation f pre-exi/+ mat]ials con/itutes ! exclusive basis ( ,natural ,!ology4#aae ,matt]1 !n1 may be et]nal1 & an inf9ite s]ies ( ev5ts exi/+ 9 a /ate ( ord] is conceivable & possible4 ,at page #he ( 8 ,natural ,!ology he writes3 ,mr4 ,hume has und5iably ann\nc$ ! tru? z x is ^u ?is subject1 to wit1 t ! idea ( a nature et]nally exi/+ 9 a /ate ( ord] )\t a cause o!r ?an ! et]nally inh]+ laws ( nature1 is no m self-contradictory ?an ! idea ( an et]nally exi/+ & inf9ite m9d :o orig9at$ ?is ord]--a m9d exi/+ )\t a cause4 ,aft] sev]al pages disfigur$ by a labor$ ef=t to prove ! possibility & logical consi/5cy ( an inf9ite s]ies ( ev5ts exi/+ 9 an ord]ly succession1 he sums up ) ! imp]i\s ass]tion t ! argum5t aga9/ ! possibility ( an inf9ite s]ies ( ev5ts /&s reveal$ z a logical absurdity 7p4 #hh74 ,x is our delib]ate conclusion1 h[ev]1 t ! logical absurdity lies 9 ! position ( ,dr4 ,mahan4 ,! idea ( ord] 9 ! ,f9ite )\t a cause is no m self-contradictory ?an ! idea ( ord] 9 ! ,inf9ite )\t a cause4 ,m>k ! two po9ts :i* /& out cle>ly 9 ?is /range ass]tion4 ,fir/1 ! ,f9ite "h is nature--t is1 matt] & its laws4 ,secondly1 ! ,inf9ite is ! ,supreme ,m9d4 ,dr4 ,mahan ass]ts t ?is f9ite may be conceiv$ z et]nally exi/+--t is1 z exi/+ ?r\gh inf9ite "t2 9 o!r words1 ! f9ite may be inf9ite4 ,= a ?+ or be+1 or = a s]ies ( ?+s or be+s1 to be at once f9ite & inf9ite ,dr4 ,mahan says is n self-contradictory4 ,?is is on a p> ) ! logic ( ,hegel--,contradictory opposites are id5tical4 ,aga91 we ask1 ,is !re no diff]5ce betwe5 f9ite matt] & ,inf9ite ,m9d8 ,is n matt] composite1 ext5d$1 divisible1 & limit$8 ,is n ,inf9ite ,m9d unext5d$1 incomposite1 indivisible1 & illimitable8 ,! m]e exi/5ce ( matt] does n necess>ily involve ! idea ( ,ord]4 ,!re are nebul exi/+ 9 ! univ]se utt]ly devoid ( all symmetry ( =m1 444 irregul> & caprici\s 9 _! %apes & convolutions to a mo/ extraord9>y degree4#aaf ,:]ev] ord] is pres5t$1 we in/9ctively & infallibly ascribe x to m9d4 ,m9d = all ( u1 & =ev]1 is ! analogon & expon5t ( ,ord] 9 e sph]e1 irrespective ( all k on our "p z to :5 or h[ x _h a beg9n+4 ,fur!rmore1 on ! ma9 issue we affirm briefly--if matt] is ext5d$1 x is measurable2 if x is measurable1 x mu/ h def9ite limits2 if x has def9ite limits1 x c n be inf9ite4 ,n[ t :i* is f9ite1 limit$1 quantitive1 condition$1 c n be self-exi/5t1 c n be inf9ite4 ,inf9itude is illimitation by k9d1 quantity1 or degree--illimitation by temporal1 spatial1 or num]ical relations4 ,an inf9ite s]ies is !re=e a contradiction 9 adjecto4 ,z e numb]1 al?\gh immeasurably & inconceivably great1 is impossible )\t unity z its basis1 s e s]ies1 be+ itself a numb]1 is impossible unless a fir/ t]m is giv5 z its comm5cem5t4444 ,ev5 if x %\ld be all[$ t ! s]ies has no fir/ t]m1 b has orig9at$ ab t]no1 x mu/ always at ea* in/ant h a la/ t]m2 ! s]ies z a :ole c n be inf9ite4#aag ,if "o ?+ m c be add$ to ! numb] ( exi/+ ?+s 9 ! univ]se1 !n x is n inf9ite 9 numb] or 9 ext5t4 ,9 %ort1 a s]ies implies a succession ( t]ms1 or memb]s1 or l9ks2 if !re is a la/ t]m1 !re mu/ be a fir/ t]m2 if !re is a la/ l9k1 !re mu/ be a fir/4 ,?r\gh an ,uncondition$ ,fir/ ,cause1 orig9at+ & condition+ all ! memb]s !re(1 is a s]ies conceivable or possible4 ,to apply to numb] or quantity ! designation ( inf9itude is surely ! absurdity 9 pres5ce ( :i* all o!rs pale4 ,we grant t ! t]m inf9ite s]ies is employ$ by ma!maticians 9 a loose mann]1 to d5ote t :i* exce$s our p[]s ( m5suration or conception1 b :i* nev]!less has b\nds or limits--! indef9ite1 b n ! inf9ite2#aah su* loose use ( t]ms 9 philosophy1 h[ev]1 is inadmissible4 ,! f9al reply ( ,dr4 ,mahan1 t ! s]ies "u consid]ation is "o :i* by hypo!sis has no fir/1 is ! extreme ( absurdity4 ,x is z ?\gh a man %\ld talk ( a r\nd squ>e or a bil9e> figure1 & :5 remon/rat$ ) z to ! contradictory "* ( ^! phrases1 %\ld reply1 ,yes1 b ! 'squ>e' "u consid]ation is "o :i* by hypo!sis is 'r\nd1' & ! 'figure' is "o :i* by hypo!sis is =m$ by 'two l9es6' ,m5 may make all k9ds ( /range hypo!ses1 b ! /range/ ( all is t ( an inf9ite-f9ite4 ,^! incauti\s writ]s ( ,natural ,!ology all ass]t1 z a fundam5tal doctr9e1 t ,god is ! ,absolute & ,uncondition$ ,cause4 ,we might ask1 ,:5ce d !y d]ive ?is fundam5tal tru? t ,god is absolute & uncondition$1 if n by an priori rational intuition8 ,we let t pass1 h[ev]1 to press ! m p]t95t "q--,h[ c ,god be ! absolute cause1 if matt] is coeval ) & indep5d5t ( ,him8 ,& h[ c ,he be ! uncondition$ cause1 if space1 "t1 numb]1 & matt] necess>ily exi/ z ! conditions ( ! ,div9e ag5cy & manife/ation8 ,if matt]1 ) its ess5tial prop]ties & laws1 exi/ indep5d5t ( ! ,deity1 d n ^! impose conditions ^u ! action ( ! ,deity1 & det]m9e x to c]ta9 necess>y modes8 ,if s1 ,god c n be ! uncondition$ ,cause4 ,in/ead ( "o supreme1 sole ,fir/ ,pr9ciple1 !re are at lea/ two pr9ciples1 ,god & ,necessity1 & may be m4 ,no sy/em ( ,natural ,!ology c ma9ta9 its integrity & consi/5cy except by hold+ fa/ to ! fundam5tal po/ulate--,god is ! ,absolute & ,uncondition$ ,cause ( all ?+s1 ( matt] & =m1 quality & relation1 purpose & law4 ,& n[1 9 conclusion1 we may prop]ly ask1 ,:5ce arises ! necessity = assum+ ! coeval & co-et]nal exi/5ce ( matt] besides & indep5d5t ( ,god8 ,:y %\ld ! !ologian feel himself "u ! necessity ( prejudic+ ! ,biblical conception ( ,creation by any su* concession8 ,! only reasons we h se5 assign$ are1 fir/1 t creation out ( no?+ is discr$it$ by ! discov]ies ( mod]n sci5ce2#aai secondly1 t an absolute orig9ation is inconceivable & self-de/ructive4#abj ,9 attempt+ an e/imate ( ! weight ( ^! reasons1 we w\ld fir/ sugge/ t ! "q ( absolute creation has be5 prejudic$ by ! p]si/5t employm5t ( ! old =mula ( creation out ( no?+1 z ?\gh no?+ conta9$ ! cause ( exi/5ce1 & ! univ]se 0 develop$ out ( no?+4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 :o fir/ employ$ ! phrase 1 nev] indulg$ 9 su* repres5tations4 ,! idea !y s\ght to express 0 t ! production ( o!rness1 ! aw>d+ ( exi/5ce to some?+ besides ,himself1 0 an absolutely free act ( ,god :i* 0 n condition$ by any ?+ ext]nal to ,himself--9 a ^w1 t ,god is ! positive orig9al gr\nd ( all exi/5ce4 ,b :o %all decide t ?is doctr9e has be5 discr$it$ by ! progress ( sci5ce8 ,:at special discov]y ( mod]n sci5ce has s reveal$ to u ! ultimate con/itution ( matt]1 t we c affirm its absolute reality & its et]nal exi/5ce8 ,nay1 are ! mo/ advanc$ physici/s & physiologi/s agre$ z to :e!r1 ap>t f our subjective1 ideal conceptions1 matt] has any reality8 ,if we are n utt]ly mi/ak51 ! entire t5d5cy ( sci5ce is to r$uce matt] f ! rank ( entities to ! rank ( ph5om5a4 ,! old speculations ( ,philosophy1 :i* cut ! gr\nd f ,mat]ialism by %[+ h[ little we "k ( matt]1 are n[ be+ daily re9=c$ by ! subtle analysis ( ! physiologi/1 ! *emi/1 & ! electrician4 ,"u t analysis matt] dissolves & disappe>s1 surviv+ only z ! ph5om5a ( ,=ce4#aba ,we (f] no op9ion z to ! validity ( ?is new doctr9e1 b are sure x is ! doctr9e ( mod]n sci5ce z repres5t$ by ,f>aday1 ,ow51 ,mc,vicar1 ,bayma1 ,exley1 ,wallace1 ,poisson1 ,poyntong1 ,laycock1 &1 we ?9k1 ,huxley4 ,if mod]n sci5ce has resolv$ all our ext]nal s5sations1 ev5 ! feel+ ( resi/ance1 into ph5om5a ( ,=ce1 !n1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,mr4 ,m>t9eau1 x _h a beg9n+--ph5om5a dem& causation4444 ,supreme ,entity ne$s no cause4 ,! univ]se resolves itself into a p]petual g5esis1 & ! ,!i/ is p]fectly ju/ifi$ 9 treat+ x z disqualifi$ = self-exi/5ce4#abb ,sir ,william ,hamilton cont5ds t an absolute comm5cem5t is inconceivable4 ,all ! conception we c possibly =m ( ,creation is m]ely z ! evolution ( new =ms ( exi/5ce by ! fiat ( ! ,deity4 ,let u suppose ! v crisis ( creation4 ,c we realize x to ourselves 9 ?\ght1 t ! mom5t aft] ! univ]se came into manife/$ be+ !re 0 a l>g] complem5t ( exi/5ce 9 ! univ]se & its ,au?or toge!r ?an !re 0 ! mom5t be=e 9 ! ,deity himself alone8 ,?is we c n imag9e4#abc ,!re are1 we presume1 v few ,hamiltonians :o are prep>$ to indorse ?is bold /atem5t ( _! ma/]4 ,mansel1 ! editor & annotator ( 8 ,lectures1 has v di/9ctly & emphatically express$ 8 diss5t4 ,:e!r x be true or n t we c n conceive ! quantity ( exi/5ce to be increas$ or dim9i%$1 !re is at any rate no su* inability z reg>ds ! quantity ( matt]4 ,x may be true z a fact t no mat]ial atom has be5 add$ to ! _w s9ce ! ,creation2 b ! ass]tion1 h[ev] true1 is c]ta9ly n necess>y4 ,! p[] :i* creat$ once mu/ be conceiv$ z able to create aga91 :e!r t ability is actually ex]cis$ or n4 ,! same conclusion is /ill m evid5t :5 we proce$ f ! consid]ation ( matt] to t ( m9d4 ,( matt]1 we ma9ta9 t ! creation ( new portions is p]fectly conceivable--z a result1 at lea/1 if n z a process2 ( m9d1 we believe t su* creation actually takes place4 ,e man :o comes into ! _w comes into x z a di/9ct individual1 hav+ a p]sonality & consci\sness ( 8 own1 & t p]sonality is a di/9ct accession to ! numb] ( p]sons previ\sly exi/+4444 ,e new p]son t comes into ! _w is a new exi/5ce4#abd ,h5ce we are n ju/ifi$ 9 ass]t+ t all actual exi/5ces are only diff]5t modes ( "o id5tical reality4 ,we c n m]ely conceive1 b we "k1 z a prim>y fact ( consci\sness1 t ! sum ( exi/5ce1 ( p]sonal consci\s be+1 :i* is ! mo/ fundam5tal reality1 may be increas$ 9 ! univ]se4#abe ,we readily confess t ! act ( creation--t is1 caus+ :olly new exi/5ce--is utt]ly incompreh5sible to u2 s are ?\s&s ( o!r ?+s4 ,i am told by ! physici/ t eight hundr$ billions ( e!r-impulses imp+e on ! ret9a ( ! eye 9 a second ( "t to produce ! s5sation ( deep violet2#abf & ,i believe x1 b at ! same "t x is to me incompreh5sible4 ,my reason affirms t ! ,fir/ ,cause mu/ be inf9ite2 & ,i believe x1 b ,i c n compreh5d ,inf9ity4 ,no logician ( ! pres5t day tea*es t compreh5sibility is a te/ ( tru?4 ,is our f9ite capacity ( conceiv+ or ( do+ a /&>d = ,omnipot5ce8 ,! only "q "h involv$ is1 ,c ,inf9ite ,p[] produce t mode ( be+ we call matt]8 ,does su* an ex]cise ( ,inf9ite ,p[] involve a contradiction8 ,i consci5ti\sly submit ?is "q to my own reason1 & ,i confess ,i am unable to see any contradiction4 ,to my exp]i5tial k matt] pres5ts ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics at once ( a manufactur$ article & a subord9ate ag5t4#abg ,?is1 says ! di/+ui%$ ,pr(4 ,maxwell1 precludes ! idea ( its be+ et]nal & self-exi/5t4444 ,x mu/ h be5 creat$4#abh ,! notion ( its orig9ation by a ,p[] :i* is uncondition$ & e way unlimit$1 satisfies my reason1 & af=ds ! be/ solution ( ! problem ( its exi/5ce4 ,t x is self-exi/5t1 indep5d5t1 et]nal--a second o!r ,god--is directly contradictory4 ,! orig9al1 primitive f\nta9 ( exi/5ce is ,m9d4 ,?is mu/ /& at ! f\nta9-head4 ,god is ! sole & absolute ,cause ( all ?+s--( "t1 & all temporal relations2 ( space1 & all spatial relations2 ( ! primordial elem5t1 & all its prop]ties4 ,! creative act 0 n condition$ by ,"t or ,space or ,matt]4#abi ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,creation4--,,! ,,g5esis ,,or ,,beg9n+4 ,! laws ( nature c n acc\nt = _! own orig94--,j4 ,s4 ,,mill4 ,creation 0 ! absolutely free act ( ,god1 uncondition$ by any pre-exi/+ ?+4 ,matt] ) its prop]ties & =ms1 its temporal1 spatial1 & num]ical relations2 ,_s ) its life & feel+1 its ideas & laws--^! _h all _! orig9 9 ! creative ,^w ( ,god4 ,:atev] is1 & is n ,god1 is ! creature ( ,god4 ,?is is ! ,biblical conception ( ,creation4 ,orig9ation & =mation are s imm$iately & insep>ably unit$ 9 ! ,biblical notion ( ,creation t ! revelation ( ! "o is ! revelation ( ! o!r1 & we c n d5y ! =m] )\t logically involv+ ourselves 9 ! d5ial ( ! latt]4 ,he :o gave to matt] its =ms mu/ h giv5 x its ess5tial prop]ties1 ^u :i* _m ( its =ms dep5d2 & ,he :o gave to matt] its ess5tial prop]ties mu/ h giv5 x orig9ation1 = h[ c we conceive ( sub/ance devoid ( all attributes8 ,:e!r1 !re=e1 ! acc\nt 9 ,g5esis be f\nd to h 9 view1 ma9ly or solely1 a univ]sal or a p>tial creation2 :e!r ! pr9cipium !re m5tion$ be ! p>ticul> beg9n+ ( ! special "w !re describ$1 or ! pr9cipium pr9cipiorum1--! beg9n+ ( all beg9n+s--! ,bible is 9 ei!r case a prote/ aga9/ ! dogma ( ! et]nity ( ! _w1 or ( ! et]nity ( matt]4#acj ,?is notion ( ,creation z a pure sup]natural orig9ation is ! only "o :i* reason c accept z adequate1 satisfactory1 & complete4 ,=mation )\t orig9ation is a conception ( creation :i* is logically incomplete4 ,x fails to meet ! dem& ( reason = an ,absolute ,fir/ ,pr9ciple adequate to ! production & explanation ( all exi/5ce4 ,!re are outly+ elem5ts ( ! problem :i* x c n grasp 9 ! unity ( a ,fundam5tal ,idea4 ,matt] ) its prop]ties1 ,numb]1 ,"t1 & ,space1 ) _! relations1 are /ill ly+ outside ( its field1 & sett+ !mselves up z self-exi/5t & indep5d5t realities1 :i* by _! app>5t or conc$$ indep5d5ce mu/ necess>ily impose conditions ^u ! ,div9e activity1 & p]petually emb>rass ! human m9d 9 its ef=t to ?9k ( ,god z ! free & uncondition$ ,cause4 ,reason dem&s t absolute unity %all /& at ! f\nta9-head ( be+1 & e sy/em ( philosophy :i* all[s ( m ?an "o self-exi/5t & indep5d5t & und]iv$ reality bewild]s & /agg]s ! und]/&+1 & vitiates all its processes ( ?\ght4 ,aft] ?is concession e argum5t = ! be+ ( ,god seems to u a petitio pr9cipii4 ,reason & ,revelation1 !n1 are agre$ 9 ! affirmation t ! ,univ]se1 bo? z to its matt] & =m1 _h its orig9 9 ! creative ,^w & ,w ( ,god4 ,h[ f> ?is affirmation is su/a9$ by ! po/]iori inductions ( physical sci5ce is a "q ( ! deepe/ int]e/1 & to ?is we n[ invite att5tion4 ,?is "q naturally divides itself into two subord9ate inquiries1 "o relat+ to ! =m1 ! o!r to ! matt] ( ! univ]se1 :i* may be ?us pres5t$3 #a4 ,_h ! exi/+ ,ord] ( ! univ]se a beg9n+8 ,_h ! =ms1 relations1 laws1 & h>monies ( ! univ]se a beg9n+8 #b4 ,_h t :i* is ! gr\nd ( all =ms1 ! subject ( all *anges & relations1 a beg9n+8 ,_h ! ,matt] ( ! univ]se a beg9n+8 ,9 reg>d to ! fir/ "q1 we rem>k 9 g5]al3 ,! common conviction ( our race 9 all ages has be5 t ! exi/+ ord] ( ! univ]se _h a beg9n+1 & w h an end4 ,x has be5 affirm$ by "s m5tal philosoph]s t mank9d has an intuitive & natural belief 9 ! uni=mity ( nature1 & ! consequ5t /ability & p]man5ce ( ! univ]se4 ,reid1 ! fa!r ( ! ,scotti% s*ool ( philosophy1 says1 ,god has implant$ 9 ! human m9d an orig9al pr9ciple by :i* he believes 9 & expects ! cont9uance ( ! c\rse ( nature4 ,x is a matt] ( surprise t s acute a ?9k] %\ld h fall5 into s flagrant an error4 ,he has evid5tly conf\nd$ our natural belief 9 causation ) our acquir$ exp]i5ces ( uni=mity4 ,t l causes w always produce l effects is a native intuition2 b t ! same causes w always cont9ue 9 op]ation1 & always op]ate ) ! same int5sity1 is a m]e presumption4 ,our fai? 9 ! uni=mity & p]man5t /ability ( nature is an induction f exp]i5ce1 & n a natural & necess>y intuition ( ! m9d4#aca ,f> f ent]ta9+ a belief 9 ! p]man5ce & /ability ( ! pres5t ord] ( nature1 ! great mass ( mank9d 9 e>li] times reg>d$ ! sy/em ( ?+s z liable to con/ant int]f]5ce on ! "p ( sup]natural p[]s4 ,9 all ages ( ! _w ! exi/+ ord] ( nature has be5 reg>d$ z temporal1 & ! fl[ ( t]re/rial & ev5 ( cosmical ev5ts has be5 conceiv$ z liable to be brok5 up by univ]sal revolutions4 ,! hi/orical evid5ce ( ?is univ]sal belief 9 geological cata/rophes has be5 fully br\ght =w>d by ,dr4 ,w9*ell 9 8 ,sket*es ( ,creation4#acb ,traditions ( a primal *aos & ( p]iodic cataclysms are f\nd among ! ,greeks1 ,egyptians1 ,phnicians1 ,*aldans1 ,hebrews1 ,p]sians1 ,arabians1 ,h9doos1 ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s1 & ! ,aztecs4 ,& among ^? nations 9 :i* ! physical sci5ces h be5 cultivat$ ! same conceptions are /ill ent]ta9$4 ,z sci5ce has ext5d$ our acqua9tance ) natural ph5om5a 9 all p>ts ( ! e>?1 & beyond ! e>? into ! cele/ial spaces1 m5 h gradually atta9$ a belief 9 ! uni=mity ( nature4 ,b ! doctr9e ( p]iodical cata/rophes has n be5 ab&on$ by sci5tific m54 ,:5 m5 n[ speak ( ! uni=mity ( nature1 !y use t t]m 9 a v l>ge s5se1 & ev5 loose s5se1 z includ+ cata/rophes & convulsions ( an int5se & ext5sive k9d2#acc &1 z we %all pres5tly see1 ! mo/ advanc$ & exact mod]n sci5ce tea*es u to contemplate a gr& f9al cata/rophe 9 :i* all life w be ext+ui%$ on ! e>?1 & ! globe itself %all be ensepul*r$ 9 an ext+ui%$ sun4 ,! attempt1 !re=e1 to repres5t ! belief 9 ! uni=mity ( nature z a univ]sal & necess>y tru? is va94 ,we h no priori gr\nd = believ+ 9 ! p]man5ce ( ! univ]se4 ,! common conviction ( our race t ! univ]se _h a beg9n+1 t x has be5 ! subject ( great cata/rophal *anges1 & t x w f9ally come to an end1 is n to be reg>d$ z an insignificant fact4 ,z ,h]b]t ,sp5c] ju/ly rem>ks1 ,we mu/ presume t beliefs t h long exi/$ & h be5 widely diffus$ 444 beliefs t are p]5nial & univ]sal 444 h "s f\ndation1 & "s am\nt ( v]ity4#acd ,univ]sal beliefs mu/ re/ on "s common gr\nd4 ,t common gr\nd c n be exp]i5ce4 ,a belief :i* 0 z cle>ly & confid5tly held f\r ?\s& ye>s ago z x is held to-day c n h be5 gradually atta9$ by successive g5]alizations4 ,x is gr\nd$ on ! fundam5tal anti!sis betwe5 ,becom+ & ,be+1 ph5om5a & reality1 ! *angeful & ! p]man5t1 ! f9ite & ! inf9ite1 ! temporal & ! et]nal1 :i* has be5 a necess>y =m ( ?\ght to all m9ds 9 all ages4 ,! human m9d has nev] be5 able to conceive ^! contradictory opposites z pr$icable ( ! same subject4 ,! univ]se z pres5t$ to s5se is a p]petual g5esis1 a ceaseless *ange2 !re=e x c n be p]man5t4 ,x is a "t-m>* ( ph5om5a2 !re=e x c n be et]nal4 ,x is limit$ by quantity & quantitative relations2 !re=e x c n be inf9ite4 ,?us reason has always conceiv$ ! univ]se z hav+ a beg9n+1 & has confid5tly pr$ict$ t x w come to an end4 ,all sy/ems ( philosophy1 &1 inde$1 _m sy/ems ( religion1 h be5 attempts to expla9 ! beg9n+ or orig9 ( ?+s--t is1 !y h be5 priori !ories ( ! univ]se4#ace ,ev5 ,a!ism itself comes "u ?is def9ition3 x is an attempt to expla9 ! orig9 ( ! univ]se & ( man on ! priori assumption ( ! self-exi/5ce ( ,matt]1 ,space1 & ,motion4 ,?us all sy/ems ( ?\ght1 anci5t & mod]n1 h _h _! bir? 9 ! innate conviction t !re is some?+ to be expla9$1 & t human reason is adequate to ! task ( furni%+ an explanation4 ,!y all assume t ! univ]se _h a beg9n+1 & _! "o1 c5tral problem is1 ,h[ are we to conceive aright ! orig9 ( ?+s8 ,9 :at does ?is diff] f ! problem ( mod]n sci5ce8 ,x is true t ,comte w\ld limit positive sci5ce to ! /udy ( ph5om5a 9 _! ord]s ( co-exi/5ce1 resemblance1 & succession1 an idea :i* ! ^w positive by no means conveys4 ,& ,tyndall ass]ts t ! man ( sci5ce1 if he conf9e himself )9 8 own limits1 w give no answ] to ! "q z to ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,at ! same "t he admits t he c cle>ly %[ t ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s may be d]ivative4#acf ,! great ma/]s ( sci5ce1 h[ev]1 refuse to ackn[l$ge any su* arbitr>y limitations4 ,! ess5ce ( sci5ce1 says ,sir ,william ,?omson1 consi/s 9 inf]r+ antec$5t conditions1 & anticipat+ future evolutions f ph5om5a :i* h actually come "u obs]vation4#acg ,if ?is be ! ess5ce ( sci5ce1 !n we presume t x is compet5t to ?r[ "s light on ! primitive condition ( ! univ]se1 & give "s prevision ( its future de/9y4 ,did n ,comte himself tea* t ! sol> sy/em 0 once all nebula1 & t x w yet collapse into an exhau/$ & ext+ui%$ sun8#ach ,is x true1 !n1 t physical sci5ce by its inductive inf]5ce ( antec$5t conditions1 does really furni% a solid confirmation ( ! priori & native conviction ( our race t ! univ]se _h a beg9n+8 ,!n mo/ assur$ly ev5 physical sci5ce is c>ry+ u =w>d t[>d ! ultimate unity ( all tru?--a unity :i* c be realiz$ p]fectly only by ! con/ant mutual det]m9ation ( priori & empirical k1 a syn!sis & equipoise ( physical & metaphysical tru?s4 ,?is is ! mo/ obvi\s t5d5cy ( mod]n sci5ce 9 its relation to ! "q "u consid]ation4 ,no?+ is m rem>kable 9 ! pres5t aspect ( physical rese>* ?an :at has be5 aptly call$ ! transc5d5tal "* ( its results4 ,z ,george ,h5ry ,lewes obs]ves1 ! fundam5tal ideas ( mod]n sci5ce are z transc5d5tal z any ( ! axioms ( anci5t philosophy4#aci ,paltiological sci5ce 9 g5]al has advanc$ by sure & /eady /eps1 ?r\gh c>eful obs]vation & exp]im5t1 inductive inf]5ce1 & ! application ( exact ma!matical calculus to ! recognition ( ! tru? long ago ann\nc$ by ,paul3 ,! ?+s :i* are se5 are temporal1 ! ?+s :i* are n se5 are et]nal4 ,dynamical ,geology1 ,a/ronomical ,paltiology1 ,cosmogony1 ,molecul> ,physics1 ,ab/ract ,dynamics1 h all l&$ 9 ! same inevitable conclusion t ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s _h a beg9n+4 ,sir ,william ,?omson's doctr9e ( ! ,dissipation ( ,en]gy leads u1 by sure /eps ( d$uctive reason+1 to ! necess>y future ( ! univ]se--necess>y1 t is1 if physical laws rema9 un*ang$--s x enables u di/9ctly to say t ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s has n be5 evolv$ ?r\gh inf9ite pa/ "t by ! ag5cy ( laws n[ at "w1 b mu/ h _h a di/9ctive beg9n+1 a /ate beyond :i* we are totally unable to p5etrate--a /ate :i* mu/ h be5 produc$ by o!r ?an ! n[ act+ causes4#adj ,! sci5ce ( ,geology r$uces all t]re/rial ph5om5a to ! great law ( f9ite duration4 ,if !re be "o sci5tific induction :i* may be fairly pron\nc$ legitimate & irrefragable1 x is ?is "o--t ! exi/+ t]re/rial economy _h a beg9n+4 ,all organic exi/5ce1 rec5t or ext9ct1 vegetable or animal1 _h a beg9n+2 !re 0 a "t :5 !y 7 n4 ,! geologi/ c indicate t "t1 if n by ye>s1 at lea/ by p]iods1 & %[ :at 7 its relations to ! p]iods t w5t be=e & t came aft]4 ,he c c>ry u back to ! "t :5 man did n exi/ ^u ! e>?1 :5 no mammals exi/$2 to ! "t :5 no birds1 no reptiles1 no fi%es exi/$--:5 ev5 ,huxley's protoplasm _h no be+2 :5 all creation1 f its c5tre to its circumf]5ce1 0 a creation ( dead inorganic matt]1#ada & :5 !re 0 n "o spore or monad or atom ( life ?r\gh\t its d>k doma94 ,! =m ( ! e>? itself cle>ly reveals its hi/ory1 & po9ts u to t beg9n+4 ,its bulg+ equator & flatt5$ poles1 its pavem5t ( congeal$ lava1 :i* 9 "s cases we "n granite2 nay1 ! olde/ wat]-worn pavem5t compos$ ( ! detritus ( ! igne\s rocks--all atte/ ! em]g5ce ( our planet f a molt5 condition1 & a temp]ature#adb 9 :i* no life c\ld exi/2 s t ev5 ,tyndall admits !re are ! /ronge/ gr\nds = believ+ t dur+ a c]ta9 p]iod ( its hi/ory ! e>? 0 n1 nor 0 x fit to be1 ! !atre ( life4#adc ,! e>? 0 once a molt5 mass heat$ to inc&esc5ce--a self-lum9\s globe4 ,on ?is po9t !re is sc>cely any diff]5ce ( op9ion among sci5tific m54 ,fur!rmore1 a l>ge majority ( mod]n sci5ti/s reg>d !mselves z ju/ifi$ 9 ! affirmation ( a /ill ant]ior nebul\s condition4 ,if ! nebul> hypo!sis is accept$1 !n we are requir$ to contemplate a p]iod :5 ! e>? did n exi/1 & :5 ev5 ! matt] :i* n[ ent]s into its con/itution 0 an undi/+ui%$ "p ( ! nebula f :i* ! :ole sol> sy/em 0 evolv$4 ,_m exact obs]vations & ma!matical computations z to ! secul> cool+ ( ! e>? give results :i* are 9 /rict accordance ) ?is !ory ( its primitive igne\s condition4 ,! obs]v$ facts cle>ly indicate t ! e>? is becom+1 on ! :ole1 cool] f age to age1 & t ! natural curr5t ( ev5ts is c>ry+ x inevitably to a /ate ( total refrig]ation4#add ,! fossil rema9s n[ f\nd )9 ! arctic circle indicate t at a p]iod1 n extremely remote1 tropical vegetation fl\ri%$1 & =ms ( animal life subsi/$ !re :i* are n[ conf9$ to ! torrid zone4 ,mammo?s liv$ 9 ! n[ un9habit$ pol> regions1 & tree-f]ns & ! tropical %ell-fi% f\nd !re a home4#ade ,! surface ( ! e>? 0 !n w>m$ by int]nal heat :i* s9ce t p]iod has wan$2 t heat has be5 gradually dissipat$ 9 ! surr\nd+ space1 z a r$-hot ball susp5d$ ev5 9 ! w>m air ( a room mu/1 accord+ to ! well-kn[n laws ( radiation & absorption1 necess>ily "p ) its heat4 ,_m exp]im5ts c>efully conduct$ 9 our "t %[ t ! temp]ature ( ! e>? increases ) ! dep? to :i* we p5etrate3 ,9 bor+ = ! artesian well at ,gr5elle1 :i* is #edf metres deep1 x 0 obs]v$ t ! temp]ature augm5t$ at ! rate ( #a ,c5tigrade = e #cj metres4 ,! same result 0 obta9$ by obs]vations 9 ! artesian well at ,mondorf1 9 ,luxemburg2 ?is well is #fga metres 9 dep?1 & its wat]s #cd w>m4 ,z ! result ( _m inve/igations 9 m9es & bor+s1 ,sir ,william ,?omson concludes t ! av]age inf]5ce may be ?us /at$--!re is on ! :ole ab\t #a ,fahr4 ( elevation ( temp]ature p] #ej ,briti% feet ( desc5t4#adf ,if ?is increase is uni=m--& we h no reason to suppose ! contr>y--!n at ! dep? ( #ej miles !re exi/s1 says ,helmholtz1 a heat suffici5t to fuse all our m9]als4 ,! fact t ! temp]ature ( ! e>? increases ) ! dep? necess>ily involves a cont9ual loss ( heat f its int]ior by conduction outw>d into & ?r\gh ! upp] cru/1 accord+ to a well-kn[n law ( equilibrium ( temp]atures4 ,h5ce1 s9ce ! upp] cru/ does n become hott] f ye> to ye>1 !re mu/ be a secul> loss ( heat f ! e>?4#adg ,?us x appe>s t f ! surface ( ! e>? & ! ocean1 f !rmal spr+s1 & f ?ree hundr$ active volcanoes1 ! int]nal heat ( ! globe is incessantly radiat$ into space & is practically lo/4 ,n[ ?is av]age loss ( heat may be at lea/ approximately measur$1 & data are !reby furni%$ = det]m9+ ! probable age ( ! e>?1 or1 p]haps m correctly1 its phase ( life4 ,if a man 7 to f9d a hot ball ( iron susp5d$ 9 a room1 & if he 7 c>efully to obs]ve ! di/ribution ( heat 9 ! ball1 he w\ld be able easily to det]m9e :e!r ! ball 7 becom+ hott] or cool]4 ,if he f\nd t ! inside 7 hott] ?an ! outside1 he w\ld conclude t ! ball 0 cool+1 & _h !re=e be5 hott] ?an :5 he f\nd x4 ,s f> common-s5se w\ld be 8 guide2 b ) ! aid ( ma!matics1 & "s k ( ! physical prop]ties ( iron & air1 he c\ld g mu* fur!r1 & be able to calculate h[ hot ! ball mu/ h be5 at any giv5 mom5t1 if x _h n be5 int]f]$ )4 ,?us he w\ld be able to say1 ! ball mu/ h be5 hung up less ?an1 say1 five h\rs ago1 = at t "t ! heat ( ! metal w\ld h be5 su* t x w\ld h be5 9 a /ate ( fusion1 & h5ce n capable ( hang+ z a solid mass4 ,precisely analog\s reason+ holds ) reg>d to ! e>?3 x is su* a ball2 x is hott] inside ?an outside4 ,! di/ribution ( ! heat ne> its surface is approximately kn[n--#a ,fahr4 ( elevation 9 temp]ature = #ej ,briti% feet ( desc5t4#adh ,! prop]ties ( ! matt] ( :i* x is compos$ are approximately kn[n4 ,! temp]ature at :i* granite rocks are fusible has be5 f\nd to be ab\t #gjjj ,fahr4 ,?is mu/ !re=e h be5 ! temp]ature ( ! e>? 9 its primitive igne\s condition4 ,f ^! data1 ,sir ,william ,?omson has1 by rigid ma!matical calculations1 rea*$ ! conclusion t ! consolidation ( ! e>?'s cru/ comm5c$ #ih1jjj1jjj ye>s ago4#adi ,! rates ( increase ( temp]ature inw>d 9 a great am\nt ( av]age rock at v>i\s p]iods aft] ! comm5cem5t ( cool+1 f ! primitive heat ( #gjjj ,fahr41 are e/imat$ by ,sir ,william ,?omson z foll[s3 ,at #aj1jjj y'rs aft] comm5cem5t ( cool+ %\ld h #b p] ft4 ,at #dj1jjj #a ,at #afj1jjj #a_/b ,at #d1jjj1jjj #a_/aj ,at #ajj1jjj1jjj #a_/ej ,x is !re=e probable t = ! la/ #if1jjj1jjj ye>s ! rate ( increase ( temp]ature "u gr\nd has gradually dim9i%$ f #a_/aj to ab\t #a_/ej ( a degree ,fahr5heit p] foot1 & t ! ?ickness ( ! cru/ ?r\gh :i* any /at$ degree ( cool+ has be5 exp]i5c$ has gradually increas$ dur+ t p]iod f #a_/e ( its pres5t ?ickness to :at x n[ really is4#aej ,we freely admit our inability to sit 9 judgm5t on ! validity ( ,sir ,william ,?omson's conclusions4 ,!re are em95t geologi/s :o ent]ta9 ! op9ion t ! secul> cool+ ( ! e>? has proce$$ ) mu* great] rapidity4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 suffici5t = our purpose t ! mo/ di/+ui%$ physici/s ( ! day are agre$ 9 tea*+ t ! exi/+ t]re/rial economy _h a beg9n+4 ,!re are o!r t]re/rial *anges :i* engage ! att5tion ( ! geologi/1 & :i* =ce ^u him ! conclusion t ! exi/+ t]re/rial ord] _h a beg9n+ & mu/ h an end4 ,! surface ( ! e>? has at int]vals und]gone great *anges 9 ! disposition ( its l& & wat]4 ,t :i* is n[ dry l& 0 once ! ocean-b$1 & ! ocean waves n[ roll & murmur ov] :at 0 once dry l&4 ,sudd51 or comp>atively sudd51 cata/rophes h ext+ui%$ ! !n exi/+ creations1 & ! e>? has be5 repeopl$ by new ord]s ( life4 ,*anges are n[ 9 progress :i* are gradually r$uc+ ! popul\s regions ( ! e>? to ! condition ( ! ,sah>a ( ,africa & ! ,des]t ( ,arabia4 ,upp] & ,l[] ,mesopotamia1 ! seat ( ! anci5t mon>*ies ( ,*alda1 ,assyria1 & ,babylonia1 n[ pres5t va/ tracts ( arid pla9--yell[1 p>*$1 & sapless--:i* h n[ become a b>e & un9habit$ des]t4 ,t anci5t cont95t dra9$ by ! ,colorado1 once z f]tile z ! ,valley ( ! ,mississippi1 is n[ ! ,great ,am]ican ,des]t4 ,e fre%et burd5s ! /reams ) a load ( s$im5t2 & ! ,mississippi be>s daily to ! ,gulf mat]ial suffici5t = a cotton plantation4 ,f ! slopes ( ! ,alleghanies & ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 f ! broad acres ov] :i* ! ,mississippi & ! ,ohio rea* _! silv] f+]s to fil* f ! l&1 ! s$im5ts are /ol5 & c>ri$ away to ! sea4 ,! ,we/]n ,/ates are sl[ly travel+ t[>d ! ,gulf4 ,! hills are melt+1 & ev5 ! m\nta9 cliffs are l[]+ "u ! ceaseless conflict ) /orm & fro/4 ,! summits ( ! ,alleghanies h come d[n #cjjj feet f _! orig9al altitudes4 ,give "t en\gh1 & ! inequalities ( ! l& w disappe>4 ,! ocean w be fill$1 & aga9 ass]t a triumph ov] ! cont95ts :i* 9 ! beg9n+ 7 wre/$ f 8 dom9ion4 ,?us by ! /orms ( heav51 ! erosion ( ! atmosph]e1 ! bla/+ p[] ( fro/1 ! gnaw+ ( ! tidal wave1 ! m\nta9s are be+ level$1 & ! rocks & soils c>ri$ onw>d by ! riv]s to fill up ! bas9 ( ! sea4 ,! headlong ru% ( ! avalan*e1 ! murmur+ ( ! brook1 ! ro>+ ( ! sea1 ! voice ( ! /orm--all proclaim1 ,! ?+s :i* are se5 are temporal6--,! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s _h a beg9n+ & mu/ come to an end6#aea ,a/ronomical ,paltiology r$uces all cele/ial ph5om5a to ! same great law ( f9ite duration4 ,x tea*es t planets1 />s1 sy/ems1 h _! bir?1 _! process ( =mation1 _! maturity1 & _! sl[1 protract$ decay4 ,! ephem]on p]i%es 9 an h\r1 man endures 8 ?ree-score ye>s & t52 cont95ts & isl&s h _! ages & ons2 ! />s ( heav5 are n exempt f ?is univ]sal law ( *ange & decay4 ,accord+ to ! ,nebul> ,hypo!sis1 ! =mation ( ?is our sy/em ( sun1 planets1 & satellites 0 a process ( ! same k9d z t :i* is /ill go+ =w>d 9 ! heav5s4 ,"o aft] ano!r1 nebul cond5se into sep>ate masses1 :i* beg9 to revolve ab\t ea* o!r 9 ob$i5ce to dynamical laws1 & =m sy/ems ( :i* our sy/em is a matur$ example4 ,! pres5t aspect ( ?is planet>y sy/em is1 h[ev]1 b a pass+ phase 9 ! hi/ory ( its fleet+ life4 ,our planet 0 once a self-lum9\s orb2 x has n[ become opaque1 & %9es only ) a borr[$ light4 ,! moon is probably 9 a /ate ( total refrig]ation2 its lun> air & lun> seas h be5 *ang$ by int5sity ( cold into ! solid =m4#aeb ,! sun itself is radiat+ heat into space 9 quantities incomp>ably great] ?an x receives1 &1 z ,helmholtz affirms1 ! inexorable laws ( me*anics %[ t its /ore ( heat mu/ be f9ally exhau/$4#aec ,! planets 9 _! motions enc\nt] resi/ance f ! int]/ell> e!r2 !y mu/1 !re=e1 necess>ily move 9 %ort] & %ort] orbits1 & at la/ fall into ! sun4 ,?us ! ,nebul> ,hypo!sis1 comb9$ ) ! doctr9e ( a resi/+ m$ium1 tea*es u t ! sol> sy/em is w5d+ its way1 ?r\gh successive *anges1 f a pa/ ( vapor\s unity to a future ( consolidat$ reunion4 ,x 0 once all nebula2 x w1 if left to physical ag5cies alone1 collapse into an ext+ui%$ & exhau/$ sun4 ,! a/ronom] :o has be5 accu/om$ to reg>d e "q relat+ to 8 favorite sci5ce z almo/ exclusively a problem 9 ma!matics1 w pron\nce ! above a crude & adv5tur\s attempt on ! "p ( ! physici/ to solve a problem :i* belongs to ! calculus ( v>iations4 ,is ! univ]se a ,cons]vative or a ,dissipative sy/em8 ,"u its pres5t laws w x run on =ev]1 or w ^! v laws 9 ! end lead to its subv]sion8 ,w ! me*anism ( ! heav5s f9ally run d[n z surely z ! weights ( a clock run d[n to _! l[e/ position1 or are we au?oriz$ on sci5tific gr\nds to ass]t ! p]man5t /ability ( ! sol> sy/em8 ,?is "q has be5 e>ne/ly discuss$ by ! mo/ di/+ui%$ a/ronom]s s9ce ! days ( ,newton4 ,until rec5tly1 ! g5]al conclusion--rea*$ ma9ly on ma!matical gr\nds--seems to h be5 t ! univ]se is a ?or\ghly cons]vative sy/em1 & t ! cele/ial ma*9]y by a species ( p]petual motion w run on =ev]4 ,b mu/ n all appli$ ma!matical reason+ obta9 its data f ! exact obs]vation ( mat]ial facts8 ,! ma!matician mu/ also be a good natural philosoph]2 he mu/ lay 8 acc\nt ) all ! facts ( ! univ]se1 o!rwise 8 symbols h no cont5ts1 & 8 reason+1 h[ev] faultless 9 its processes1 w be fallaci\s 9 its results4 ,! discov]ies ( ! pres5t c5tury respect+ ! correlation ( ! v>i\s =ms ( en]gy1 ! nature ( ! sol> light & heat1 ! motions ( comets1 & especially ! new doctr9e ( ! ,dissipation ( ,en]gy1 h introduc$ new elem5ts into ! great problem1 :i* seem to indicate t gravitation is by no means ! only =ce by :i* ! motions ( ! heav5ly bodies are influ5c$1 & t causes are n[ 9 op]ation :i* are sl[ly b surely und]m9+ ! sy/em4 ,we n[ f9d1 !re=e1 su* high au?orities z ,:ewell1 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 ,sir ,william ,?omson1 ,balf\r ,/ew>t1 ,pr(4 ,maxwell1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,may]1 ,helmholtz1 ,tyndall1 ,littr[1 ,comte1 ,adolph ,fick1 ass]t+ t ! sol> sy/em is n a self-w9d+ clock :i* may run =ev]1 b t x is a dissipative sy/em :i* mu/ ultimately lose all motion1 unless "s p[] capable ( controll+ ! laws ( mat]ial nature int]f]e to pres]ve x4 ,we h no m valid reason = conclud+ t ! ,deity int5d$ ! sy/em %\ld be et]nal ?an t ,he int5d$ ! e>?ly life ( man %\ld be et]nal4#aed ,a few g5]al /atem5ts may assi/ ! read] 9 appreciat+ ! m]its ( ! discussion4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ s9ce ! dawn ( sci5ce t *anges are tak+ place 9 ! motions ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,! ecc5tricity ( ! e>?'s orbit has be5 gradually dim9i%+ f ! e>lie/ obs]vations to ! pres5t "t4 ,! moon1 also1 has be5 mov+ fa/] & fa/] f ! "t ( ! fir/ record$ eclipses1 & is n[ 9 advance by ab\t f\r times h] own bread? ( :at h] place w\ld h be5 _h %e n be5 affect$ by ^! accel]ations4#aee ,9 a few ?\s& ye>s %e w be half a mon? ahead ( ! place %e w\ld be 9 if h] mon? 7 to rema9 con/ant4 ,! moon is1 !re=e1 approa*+ clos] & clos] to ! e>?2 & if ^! *anges g on un9t]rupt$ly1 )\t any reaction or adju/m5t1 soon] or lat] ! f9al cata/rophe mu/ come1 & ! moon be precipitat$ on ! body ( ! e>?4 ,t[>d ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 ,laplace1 9 8 great "w1 ! ,m*anique ,cle/e1 attempt$ by c]ta9 ma!matical computations to %[ t1 nev]!less1 ! sol> sy/em is /able & p]man5t4 ,! planets1 by _! mutual attractions1 produce p]petual p]turbations 9 "o ano!r's movem5ts4 ,laplace believ$ he c\ld prove t ^! 7 p]iodic2 !y rea* a maximum value & !n dim9i%1 oscillat+ betwe5 v n>r[ extremes4 ,he !re=e taught t ! ma*9e w\ld g on by a k9d ( p]petual motion1 )\t any w9d+ up or adju/m5t f )\t2 &1 consequ5tly1 ! et]nal cont9uance ( ! sol> sy/em is insur$4 ,all ! inve/igations ( ,laplace1 & ! computations ( ,lagrange1 proce$$ on two assumptions3 fir/1 t ! planets are mov+ 9 vacuo2 &1 secondly1 t !y are solid ?r\gh\t _! entire mass4 ,! latt] assumption is c]ta9ly 9 conflict ) well-det]m9$ geological facts2 & !re is no priori gr\nd = assum+ t ! planet>y spaces are void & empty4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! g5]al analogies ( nature w\ld lead u to ! v opposite conclusion1 & all attempts at produc+ a p]fect vacuum h hi!rto fail$4 ,fur!rmore1 ! great body ( mod]n physici/s1 & ne>ly all mod]n a/ronom]s1 hold t ! cele/ial spaces are fill$ ) a mat]ial e!r1 :i* mu/ by its v nature (f] "s resi/ance to planet>y motion4 ,sci5tific m51 says ,may]1 d n d\bt ! exi/5ce ( su* an e!r4 ,! pres5ce ( su* mat]ial e!r--d5se1 ela/ic1 & capable ( motion--subject to & det]m9$ by me*anical laws1#aef is dem&$ = ! explanation ( radiant heat1 light1 & act9ism4 ,no o!r !ory ev] propos$ has s beautifully & completely acc\nt$ = all ! facts4 ,its reality mu/ be admitt$1 until ! positions e/abli%$ by ,huygh5s1 ,"y1 ,fresnel1 ,f\cault1 & ,fiziau are %[n to be unt5able4 ,all ! prom95t exp]im5tal physici/s ( ! pres5t day agree 9 tea*+ t light & heat are transmitt$ by vibrations or wave-l motions 9 a mat]ial m$ium univ]sally diffus$ ?r\gh space1 & p]meat+ all mat]ial bodies4 ,light & heat are ! ceaseless ?rill :i* ! di/ant orbs collectively create 9 ! e!r1 & :i* con/itute :at has be5 call$ ! temp]ature ( space4 ,if ! exi/5ce ( su* mat]ial m$ium z ! assum$ e!r be d5i$1 we c n acc\nt 9 any conceivable or rational mann] = ! transmission ( light & heat f ! sun4 ,& n[1 if ! space betwe5 ! cele/ial bodies conta9 no o!r matt] ?an t necess>y = ! transmission ( light1 t alone1 says ,littr[1 is suffici5t1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 to alt] ! motion ( ! planets1 & ! arrangem5ts ( ! sol> sy/em itself2 ! fall ( all ! planets & comets into ! sun1 & ! de/ruction ( ! pres5t /ate ( ! sol> sy/em1 mu/ be ! f9al result ( ?is action4#aeg ,b x is fur!r claim$ by ,helmholtz1 ,may]1 & ,sir ,william ,?omson t ! ph5om5a pres5t$ by ,encke's comet furni% direct pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( su* resi/+ m$ium4 ,! obs]vations on ?is comet made dur+ ! pa/ ?irty or =ty ye>s %[ t ! p]iods ( its revolution are cont9ually dim9i%+ at ! rate ( #j4aa p] revolution ( ne>ly #c-a_/c ye>s4 ,9 o!r words1 ! comet's mean di/ance f ! sun is dim9i%+ by sl[ & regul> degrees4 ,! solution :i* ,encke himself propos$1 & :i* ,h]s*el in=ms u is g5]ally receiv$1#aeh is t resi/ance is exp]i5c$ f ! m$ium 9 :i* ! comet moves2 su* resi/ance dim9i%+ its actual velocity & also its c5trifugal =ce1 ?us giv+ ! sun great] p[] to draw x ne>]4 ,x w1 !re=e1 fall into ! sun4 ,a simil> fate1 says ,helmholtz1 ?reat5s all ! planets4 ,! analogies ( nature1 & ! asc]ta9$ facts ( physical sci5ce1 =bid u to d\bt t e />1 &1 inde$1 e body ( e k9d mov+ 9 any "p ( space1 has its relative motion imp$$ by ! air1 gas1 vapor1 m$ium1 or :atev] we call ! sub/ance occupy+ space imm$iately ar\nd !m1 j z ! motion ( a rifle-bullet is imp$$ by ! resi/ance ( ! air4#aei ,!re are also indirect resi/ances1 ! effects ( tidal friction1 on all bodies :i*1 l ! e>?1 h portions ( _! free surfaces cov]$ by liquids1 :i*1 s long z ^! bodies move relatively to neighbor+ bodies1 mu/ keep draw+ (f en]gy f _! relative motions4 ,?us1 if we consid] ! action ( ! moon on ! e>?1 ) its oceans1 lakes1 & riv]s1 we p]ceive t x mu/ t5d to equalize ! p]iod ( ! e>?'s rotation on its axis1 & ( ! revolution ( ! two bodies ab\t _! c5tre ( in]tia2 because1 s long z ^! p]iods diff]1 ! tidal action ( ! e>?'s surface mu/ keep subtract+ en]gy f _! motions4#afj ,z ! tidal wave sweeps ov] ! oceans & ru%es into ! num]\s bays & e/u>ies1 ! motions :i* x produces 9 ! wat]s necess>ily involve an exp5diture ( p[] or vis viva 9 ov]com+ ! resi/ance f friction4 ,! en]gy ( motion ?us exp5d$ mu/ be drawn f ! set ( ma*9]y :i* produces ! motions--t is1 f ! motion ( revolution ( ! moon1 & ! motion ( rotation ( ! e>?4 ,x c n be return$ to ! ma*9]y1 because all t is n sp5t 9 triturat+ ! s& & o!r mat]ials compos+ ! ocean-b$1 is trans=m$ into heat & radiat$ into space4 ,x is true t 9 ! pres5t /ate ( sci5ce we h n exact data = e/imat+ ! relative importance ( tidal friction1 & ( ! resi/ance ( ! int]/ell> m$ium2 b1 :atev] x may be1 !re c be1 says ,?omson1 b "o ultimate result = su* a sy/em z t ( sun & planets if cont9u+ long en\gh "u exi/+ laws4444 ,t result is ! fall+ toge!r into "o mass1 :i*1 al?\gh rotat+ = a "t1 mu/ 9 ! end come to re/ relatively to ! surr\nd+ m$ium4#afa ,ano!r evid5ce t ! sol> sy/em is temporal1 & t ! pres5t cosmical ord] mu/ come to an end1 is f\nd 9 ! fact t ! sun is radiat+ heat into space 9 quantities incomp>ably great] ?an x receives4 ,if x 7 n s1 we %\ld receive1 on ! av]age1 z mu* heat f e o!r qu>t] ( ! heav5s z f ! sun1 & no vicissitudes ( temp]ature w\ld ev] occur on ! e>?4 ,n[1 f :at we "k ( ! nature ( heat1 x is impossible t ! supply conta9$ 9 ! sun %\ld be inexhau/ible4 ,!re is no app>5t reason :y ! sun %\ld =m an exception to ! fate ( all fires1 its only diff]5ce be+ "o ( size & "t4 ,x is l>g] & hott] ?an ord9>y lamps1 b is nev]!less a lamp 9 :i* invisible molecul> en]gy is consum$1 & consum$1 too1 at a rate :i* baffles all conception4 ,f e squ>e foot ( its surface ! sun gives out en]gy equal 9 am\nt to sev5 ?\s& horse-p[]4 ,! total am\nt ( heat s5t (f f ! sun 9 "o m9ute is five ?\s& millions ( millions ( units3 a unit ( heat be+ ! quantity ( heat requir$ to raise "o kilogramme--or ab\t "o qu>t--( wat] "o ,c5tigrade degree4#afb ,?is enorm\s consumption ( en]gy mu/ f9ally exhau/ ! orig9al /ock4 ,7 ! sun a solid block ( coal1 & 7 x all[$ a suffici5t quantity ( oxyg5 to enable x to burn at ! rate necess>y to produce ! obs]v$ emission ( heat1 x w\ld be utt]ly consum$ 9 five ?\s& ye>s4 ,or if we suppose1 ) ,?omson1 t ! initial =m ( ! en]gy ( ! univ]se is ! pot5tial en]gy ( gravitation 9 matt] diffus$ ?r\gh space1 & if ?is pot5tial en]gy 7en]gy ( position7 is trans=m$ into heat 7molecul> k9etic en]gy7 by cond5sation or contraction ( ! sun1 & ?is en]gy ( molecul> motion 7heat7 is aga9 trans=m$ into radiant en]gy & diffus$ ?r\gh inf9ite space1 x is obvi\s t ?is cond5sation c n be cont9u$ =ev]1 & ,?omson has %[n 9 8 article on ! ,age ( ! ,sun's ,heat t its p[] ( radiation mu/ come to an end4 ,v>i\s !ories h be5 sugge/$ = repl5i%+ ! sol> heat1 "o ( ! mo/ plausible ( :i* is ! fall+ ( meteoric & comet>y bodies into ! sun4 ,pr(4 ,?omson1 :o 0 "o ( ! fir/ to adopt ?is view1 has n[ ab&on$ x1 or at lea/ has d5i$ its adequacy to acc\nt = ! ma9t5ance ( sol> heat4 ,ev5 7 ! hypo!sis accept$ z valid1 ! supply ( fuel is /ill f9ite4 ,"t w dra9 ! entire space inclos$ by ! orbit ( ! planet ,neptune ( all ! meteors & comets4 ,ev5 ! planets mu/ at l5g? be ensepul*r$ 9 ! sun4 ,z surely1 writes ,sir ,william ,?omson1 z ! weights ( ! clock run d[n to ! l[e/ position1 f :i* !y c nev] rise aga9 unless fre% en]gy is communicat$ to !m f "s s\rce n yet exhau/$1 s surely mu/ e planet creep 91 age aft] age1 t[>d ! sun4 ,n "o c escape its fi]y end4 ,&1 f9ally1 ! heat ( ! sun itself--t is1 its molecul> en]gy--mu/ be trans=m$ into radiant en]gy1 & diffus$ & lo/ z a work+ =ce 9 inf9ite space4 ,?us d ! inexorable laws ( me*anics indicate t ! sun's /ore ( heat1 :i* c only suff] loss & n ga91 mu/ be f9ally exhau/$4#afc ,!re are ?us special geological & a/ronomical facts :i* h long be5 reg>d$ z indicative ( ! pr9ciple t ! exi/+ ord] ( ! mat]ial univ]se is temporal--x _h a beg9n+1 & mu/ h an end4 ,b ! mod]n ,!ory ( ,en]gy1#afd ) its ?ree great laws ( ,cons]vation1 ,trans=mation1 & ,dissipation1 mu/ be reg>d$ z a compreh5sive1 complete1 & f9al settlem5t ( ! "q4 ,x has be5 %[n1 fir/1 t no sy/em ( ma*9]y c create =ce any m ?an x c create matt]2 & t ! am\nt ( en]gy 9 ! univ]se1 or 9 any limit$ sy/em :i* does n receive en]gy f )\t1 or "p ) x to ext]nal matt]1 is a con/ant or inv>iable quantity4 ,?is is ! ,law ( ! ,cons]vation ( ,en]gy4 ,x has be5 prov$1 secondly1 z an exp]im5tal fact t1 9 g5]al1 "o =m ( en]gy may1 by suitable processes1 be trans=m$ :olly or 9 "p to an equival5t am\nt ( ano!r =m2 & ! sole & only function ( all possible ma*9es is ! conv]sion or trans=mation ( en]gy4 ,?is is ! ,law ( ! ,trans=mation ( ,en]gy4 ,?is law ( ,trans=mation is1 h[ev]1 subject to ! limitations :i* are impos$ by ! ,law ( ! ,dissipation ( ,en]gy1 ! discov]y ( :i* is ma9ly due to ,sir ,william ,?omson4 ,he has %[n t e ma*9e does its "w aga9/ friction4 ,a mat]ial sy/em c nev] be br\ght ?r\gh any return+ cycle ( motions )\t sp5d+ m "w aga9/ ! mutual =ces ( its p>ts ?an x ga9$ f ^! p>ts1 because no relative motions c take place )\t meet+ ) frictional or o!r =ms ( resi/ance4 ,no kn[n process ( trans=mation is exactly rev]sible4 ,:5ev] an attempt is made to trans=m & retrans=m en]gy by an imp]fect process1 "p ( ! en]gy is conv]t$ into heat1 & ! heat is dissipat$1 s z to become useless because incapable ( fur!r trans=mation4 ,x !re=e foll[s t1 z en]gy is con/antly 9 a /ate ( trans=mation1 !re is a con/ant degradation ( en]gy to t f9al unavailable =m ( uni=mly diffus$ heat2 & ?is w g on z long z trans=mations occur1 until ! :ole en]gy ( ! univ]se has tak5 ?is =m4#afe ,! read] w f9d an ext5d$ discussion ( ?is great "q 9 ,?omson & ,tait's ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ahh-cjd1 9 :i* x is %[n t ! pres5t mat]ial sy/em is n a dynamically cons]vative b a dissipative sy/em1 & !re=e t 9 su* a sy/em p]petual motion is an impossibility4 ,inde$1 ! ,law ( ! ,dissipation ( ,en]gy is an intellig5t & well-support$ d5ial ( ! *im]a ( p]petual motion4 ,!re is a loose idea t p]petual motion is impossible to u1 because we c n avoid friction ) its consequ5t loss ( en]gy1 b t nature works )\t friction1 or t1 9 g5]al1 friction entails no loss1 & s "h p]petual motion is possible2 b nature no m works )\t friction ?an we d1 & friction entails a loss ( available p[]4 ,! supply ( invisible molecul> en]gy 9 ! sun is no m inf9ite ?an ! quantity ( matt] 9 ! sun is inf9ite4 ,! sun is daily lift+ huge masses ( wat] f ! sea to ! skies1 ye>ly lift+ endless vegetation f ! e>?1 sett+ breezes & hurricanes 9 motion1 dragg+ ! huge tidal wave r\nd & r\nd ! e>?2 p]=m+1 9 %ort1 ! great bulk ( ! endless labor ( ?is _w & o!r worlds1 s t ! en]gy ( ! sun is cont9ually be+ giv5 away )\t any correspond+ re/oration4 ,! loss ( =ce 9 ! %ape ( radiant light & heat c nev] be wean$ back to any o!r mode ( available en]gy4 ,c>not1 ,clausius1 ,?omson1 & ,rank9e h all f diff]5t po9ts ( view be5 l$ to ! same conclusion4 ,we c make no use :atev] ( ! en]gy repres5t$ by equally diffus$ heat4 ,if "o body is hott] ?an ano!r1 z ! boil] ( a /eam-eng9e is hott] ?an ! cond5s]1 !n we c make use ( ! diff]5ce ( temp]ature to conv]t "s ( ! heat into "w2 b if two sub/ances are equally hot1 ev5 ?\gh _! p>ticles conta9 an enorm\s am\nt ( molecul> en]gy1 !y w n yield u a s+le unit ( "w4 ,en]gy is ?us ( diff]5t qualities1 me*anical en]gy be+ ! be/1 & univ]sal heat ! wor/2 9 fact1 ?is latt] description ( en]gy may be comp>$ to ! wa/e heap ( ! univ]se1 9 :i* ! effete =ms ( en]gy are suff]$ to accumulate )\t any fur!r conv]sion4#aff ,if1 !n1 :5 me*anical =ce passes into heat1 "s ( ! heat c nev] be br\ght back to be me*anical =ce1 & if ! *ange f me*anical =ce to heat be ev] go+ on1 all ! =ce 9 ! univ]se mu/ at la/ take ! =m ( radiant heat4 ,b if t be s1 !n at la/ all diff]5ces ( temp]ature mu/ disappe>1 & e ?+ end 9 a univ]sal dea?4 ,we are come1 says ,adolph ,fick1 to ?is alt]native3 ei!r 9 our highe/1 mo/ g5]al1 mo/ fundam5tal ab/ractions1 "s great po9t has be5 ov]look$1 or ! univ]se w h an ,,end1 & mu/ h _h a ,,beg9n+2 x c\ld n h exi/$ f ,et]nity1 b mu/ at "s date1 n inf9itely di/ant1 h aris5 f some?+ n =m+ a "p ( ! natural *a9 ( causes--t is1 ,,x ,,mu/ ,,h ,,be5 ,,creat$4#afg ,s f>1 !n1 ! d$uctions ( sci5ce are f\nd to be 9 /rik+ h>mony ) ! tea*+ ( revelation--! exi/+ ord] ( ! univ]se _h a beg9n+2 ! =ms1 relations1 laws1 h>monies ( ! ,cosmos _h a comm5cem5t 9 "t4 ,we may n[ proce$ to ! consid]ation ( ! second "q3 ,_h t :i* is ! gr\nd ( all =m1 ! subject ( all *anges & relations1 a beg9n+8 ,_h ! matt] ( ! univ]se a beg9n+8 ,t we may fairly pres5t ! answ] :i* mod]n sci5ce (f]s to ?is "q1 we mu/ premise1 9 g5]al1 t x confesses its inability1 9 ! pres5t /age ( physical k1 to det]m9e :at is ! ultimate or int]nal con/itution ( matt]4 ,_m sci5ti/s ( to-day are ( ! op9ion express$ by ,grove#afh t probably man w nev] "k ! ultimate /ructure ( matt]4 ,o!rs1 z1 = example1 ,?omson1 ,bayma1 ,mc,vicar1 & ,*allis1 ent]ta9 ! op9ion t physical sci5ce is compet5t to discov] all ! m9uti ( molecul> actions1 & :5 ?is has be5 a*iev$1 ! "q z to ! ultimate con/itution ( matt] c be f9ally det]m9$4 ,!re is "o guid+ pr9ciple1 recogniz$ alike by ! physici/ & ! metaphysician1 namely1 t sub/ances1 ultimate entities1 are kn[n1 & c only be kn[n 9 & ?r\gh _! respective ph5om5a4 ,an exact enum]ation & c>eful colligation ( all ! ph5om5a are !re=e indisp5sable pr]equisites to ! solution ( ! problem4 ,meantime no?+ is m rem>kable1 ev5 9 ! pres5t /ate ( physical sci5ce1 ?an ! fact t1 "u ! subtile analysis ( mod]n physics1 mu* t we h be5 accu/om$ to reg>d z ph5om5a ( matt] dissolves & disappe>s1 surviv+ only z ph5om5a ( ,=ce4 ,! ph5om5a ( heat1 light1 color1 s\nd1 electricity1 & magnetism are n[ modes ( motion--manife/ations ( "o & ! same omnipres5t en]gy1 :i* is transf]r$ f "o portion ( matt] to ano!r1 & modifi$ or trans=m$ simply by ! me*anical arrangem5ts & collocations ( matt]4 ,! op9ion is rapidly ga9+ gr\nd t ev5 *emical action is a mode ( motion1 & ,pr(essor ,norton does n hesitate 9 affirm+ t all ! ph5om5a ( mat]ial nature result f ! action ( =ce ^u matt]4#afi ,all t we mean by a ,mat]ial ,=ce is a =ce :i* acts ^u matt]1 & produces 9 matt] its own appropriate effects4#agj ,x is n an attribute ( matt]1 n a quality inh]5t 9 matt]1 b a mode or /ate sup]impos$ ^u matt]4 ,!re is a l>ge1 influ5tial1 & daily increas+ class ( sci5ti/s1 among :om may be nam$ ,f>aday1 ,pr(4 ,ow51 ,dr4 ,laycock1 ,wallace1 ,dr4 ,w9sl[1 ,pr(4 ,huxley1 :o d n reg>d matt] z an ultimate entity1 & :o believe t all ! ph5om5a ( matt] 7s call$71 ev5 ext5sion1 resi/ance1 & ultimate incompressibility1 may be resolv$ into ph5om5a ( =ce4 ,9 o!r words1 matt] is only ph5om5al1 &1 l all ph5om5a1 dem&s a cause4#aga ,^! m5 are p]plex$ ) no difficulties z to ! orig9 ( matt]4 ,z a ph5om5on x mu/ be a product ( ,creative ,effici5cy1 & !re=e _h a beg9n+4 ,x is obvi\sly unnecess>y t we %\ld "h discuss ! m]its ( ?is hypo!sis :i* resolves matt] into =ce4 ,we %all enc\nt] x at a subsequ5t /age ( our inquiry1 & may !n attempt to gauge its m]its4 ,x is en\gh = our pres5t purpose t ,heat1 ,light1 ,color1 ,s\nd1 ,electricity1 ,magnetism1 are recogniz$ z =ms ( molecul> ,en]gy--ph5om5a ( ,=ce2 t ^! =ms ( invisible molecul> en]gy1 toge!r ) all ! en]gy ( visible motions & positions1 are reg>d$ z fl[+ f "o great c5tral =ce1 or f\nta9-head ( p[]2 & t !re is a rem>kable unanimity among ! fir/ sci5tific m5 ( our age 9 ackn[l$g+ ?is p[] z ! ,creative ,effici5cy ( ,god4 ,^! =ces uni=mly "w 9 ob$i5ce to ,law2 & ,law1 :e!r view$ 9 ! ord]ly movem5t ( a planet or an atom1 9 ! symmetrical arrangem5t ( a cry/al ( ! def9ite proportions ( *emical comb9ation1 9 ! organization ( a worm or ( an elephant1 is intellect1 is reason4 ,?is is ! ultimate pr9ciple ^u :i* e condition ( matt] & =m dep5ds4 ,?is conception ( =ce w mat]ially aid u 9 ! conception ( matt]4 ,x is simply ! recipi5t ( impulses or en]gy#agb--! m]e passive condition = ! ex]cise ( p[]4 ,x does n g5]ate ! ph5om5a :i* x manife/s4 ,x is only ! sub/ratum--x does absolutely no?+ b give to ! ph5om5a _! conditions ( manife/ation4#agc ,e molecule ( matt]1 e aggregation ( molecules1 e organism mu/ be reg>d$ z a ma*9e ^u :i* ! =ces ( nature play1 & by :i* !y are trans=m$ & r5d]$ available = ! p]=mance ( "w4 ,?us matt]1 by its v conception1 mu/ h be5 creat$1 & fitt$ = ! fulfillm5t ( a pr$et]m9$ function4 ,be=e ! me*anism ( ! univ]se 0 set 9 motion1 !re 0 a prep>ation & collocation ( its mat]ials1 & an adju/m5t ( its m9ute/ p>ts4 ,z ,sir ,john ,h]s*el ju/ly rem>ks1 ,*emical analysis mo/ c]ta9ly po9ts to an orig91 & effectually de/roys ! idea ( an ext]nal self-exi/5t matt]1 by giv+ to ea* ( its atoms ! ess5tial "*1 at once1 ( a manufactur$ article & a subord9ate ag5t4#agd ,! num]ical relations betwe5 *emical elem5ts are ! expression ( creative ideas4 ,! maxim ( ! ,py?agorean philosoph]s is daily receiv+ new illu/ration f sci5ce1 ,! _w is a liv+ ari?metic 9 its developm5t1 a realiz$ geometry 9 its repose4 ,!re c be no ari?metic )\t an ,ari?metician1 no geometry )\t a ,geometrician4 ,?us 9 ! v elem5ts out ( :i* ! univ]se is built1 ! blocks ( nature's temple1 we see ! indications n only ( a fa%ion+ b ( an orig9at+ intellig5ce--a ,creat+ ,god4 ,design z truly appe>s 9 ! primitive nature ( matt] z 9 its second>y =mations4 ,! primitive purpose is /amp$ on ! primitive article4 ,e molecule ?r\gh\t ! univ]se be>s impress$ on x ! /amp ( a metric sy/em z di/9ctly z does ! metre ( ! ,ar*ives at ,p>is1 or ! d\ble royal cubit ( ! ,temple ( ,k>nac4 ,no !ory ( evolution c be =m$ to acc\nt = ! simil>ity ( molecules1 = evolution necess>ily implies cont9u\s *ange1 & ! molecule is incapable ( gr[? or decay1 ( g5]ation or de/ruction4 ,none ( ! processes ( ,nature1 s9ce ! "t :5 ,nature began1 h produc$ ! slighte/ diff]5ce 9 ! prop]ties ( any molecule4 ,we are !re=e unable to ascribe ei!r ! exi/5ce ( ! molecules or ! id5tity ( _! prop]ties to ! op]ation ( any ( ! causes :i* we call natural4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! exact quality ( ea* molecule to all o!rs ( ! same k9d gives x ! ess5tial "* ( a manufactur$ article1 & precludes ! idea ( its be+ et]nal & self-exi/5t4#age ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,creation3 ,,its ,,hi/ory4 ,! univ]se _h a beg9n+4 ,x is n et]nal ei!r 9 its matt] or =m2 x is nei!r self-orig9at$ nor self-su/a9$4 ,! all ( ! f9ite1 ) its relations & laws1 its adaptations & h>monies1 _h its orig9 solely & absolutely 9 ! uncondition$ w ( ,god4 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e conc]n+ ! _w4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt]s we h endeavor$ to %[ t ?is doctr9e is 9 p]fect agreem5t ) ! tea*+s ( s\nd philosophy1 & we h f\nd t x is daily receiv+ fre% confirmation f ! discov]ies ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,if ! univ]se orig9at$ solely 9 ! free det]m9ation ( ,god1 !n we are assur$ !re mu/ be a suffici5t & ultimate reason = its exi/5ce4 ,?is logically foll[s f ! true conception ( ,w1 = w is n unconsci\s =ce1 nei!r is x gr\ndless arbitr>9ess1 b consci\s1 rational *oice4 ,9 ! m]ely =mal & indiff]5t s5se ( ! ^w1 an arbitr>y action is "o 9 :i* ! ag5t yields to ! bl9d impulse ( caprice1 & c assign no reason = 8 do+4 ,an action is truly free only :5 ! ag5t kn[s :at he wills1 & :y he wills x4 ,! self-consci\s w is ! only real w4 ,w is intr9sically some?+ m ?an p[]1 some?+ m1 ev51 ?an ! p[] ( spontane\s self-det]m9ation4 ,w involves precognition1 delib]ation1 & alt]native *oice3 x is ! liv+ syn!sis ( reason & p[]4 ,! m]e mom5t ( self-det]m9ation does n suffice = ! notion ( w1 = ?is1 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 we mu/ ascribe to un9tellig5t creatures1 to ! organic life ( nature by virtue ( its developm5t f its own pr9ciple4 ,self-det]m9ation only !reby becomes w by its be+ a consci\s det]m9ation--t is1 ! consci\s subject is able to pres5t to its own m9d t :i* x br+s to reality by its self-det]m9ation4#agf ,all real volition supposes a purpose or end to be realiz$1 an inw>d motive or reason :i* r5d]s ! end desirable1 & ! *oice & adaptation ( means to accompli% t end4 ,consequ5tly1 if ! univ]se is ! product ( ! ,div9e ,w1 x mu/1 bo? 9 its orig9ation & its hi/ory1 be ! realization ( an ultimate or f9al purpose1 mu/ h a p]fect unity ( plan2 & ! highe/ law ( ! univ]se mu/ be a teleological idea to :i* all nature-=ces & all causal connections are subord9at$4 ,?is ultimate purpose =ms1 z x 71 a complete network ( high] teleological connections above ! web ( m]e aiteological connections :i* p]vades ! univ]se4 ,?is great pr9ciple t a teleological idea is ! highe/ law ( ! univ]se has be5 recogniz$ by all philosoph]s ( ! spirituali/ic s*ool f ! "t ( ,plato to ! pres5t day4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,mill admits t ,teleology1 or ! ,doctr9e ( ,ends1 may be t]m$1 n improp]ly1 a pr9ciple ( ! practical reason2#agg & he advises ^? :o w\ld prove ! exi/5ce ( ,god to /ick to ! argum5t f design4 ,no say+ ( ,bacon has be5 m (t5 quot$ or m grossly misund]/ood & misappli$ ?an 8 rem>k on f9al causes3 ,! se>* aft] f9al causes is b>r51 = l virg9s consecrat$ to ,god !y produce no?+4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we ref] to 8 writ+s 7,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 bk4 ii4 p4 #adb71 we f9d him add+1 n because ^! f9al causes are n true & wor?y to be inquir$1 be+ kept )9 _! own prov9ce4 ,a fair consid]ation ( ! context cle>ly %[s t ! rem>k 0 int5d$ to apply to ,physics1 & n at all to ,metaphysics4 ,all t he int5ds to say is t 9 purely physical inquiries ! se>* aft] f9al causes c h no practical application2 & ! error he w\ld gu>d aga9/ is ! assumption t :at appe>s to man a f9al cause mu/ be ! ultimate f9al cause to ! ,inf9ite ,"o4 ,! belief t a pr9ciple ( adaptation to special ends p]vades all exi/5ce1 & t x mu/ be assum$ z ! gr\nd ( ! sci5tific explanation ( ! facts & ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 is av[$ by ! fir/ sci5ti/s ( ! age4 ,we c n be cont5t1 says ,dr4 ,laycock1 ) simply det]m9+ ! m]e relations ( ?+s or ev5ts--an exi/5ce1 a co-exi/5ce1 a succession1 or a resemblance--& n inquire into ! ends !re(4 ,su* a doctr9e appli$ to physiology w\ld1 9 fact1 arre/ all sci5tific rese>* into ! ph5om5a ( life2 = ! inve/igation ( ! s-call$ functions ( organs is no?+ m ?an a teleological inve/igation4#agh ,a law ( design is ! high] g5]alization ( ! great uni=mities ( nature4#agi ,9 8 inaugural address at ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association ( ,sci5ce at ,ed9burgh1 ,sir ,william ,?omson said3 ,i feel pr(\ndly conv9c$ t ! argum5t f design has be5 greatly lo/ sight ( 9 rec5t speculations4444 ,ov]:elm+ly /rong pro(s ( ,intellig5ce & ,b5evol5t ,design lie all ar\nd u2 & if ev] p]plexities1 :e!r ( a metaphysical or sci5tific "*1 turn u away = a "t1 !y w come back ^u u ) irresi/ible =ce1 %[+ u ?r\gh nature ! influ5ce ( a ,free ,w1 & tea*+ u t all liv+ be+s dep5d ^u "o ev]-act+ ,creator & ,rul]4#ahj ,e enl>gem5t ( our k ( organic nature is an addition to ! already numb]less in/ances ( recogniz$ special adaptation :i* cr[d u on e h&2 & all sci5tific discov]y is b an illu/ration & a v]ification ( ! priori intuition ( ! reason t a pr9ciple ( design is co-ext5sive ) & ! highe/ law ( ! univ]se4 ,n m]ely ( ea* individual exi/5ce1 b ( ! gr& totality ( exi/5ce1 are we con/ra9$ to believe t x exi/s = a purpose4 ,above all special ends !re is a great ultimate design ( creation--a la/ or f9al end to :i* all int]m$iate ends are means2 & ?\gh physical sci5ce c n fully compass t f9al purpose1 yet 9 ! light ( its pres5t k ( special ends x has abundant reason = assum+ t !re mu/ be a f9al purpose1 & t t f9al purpose is at once b5efic5t & wise4#aha ,b :ile ! f9al purpose ( creation may n be discov]able by human sci5ce1 we "k t x has be5 reveal$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures4 ,! mo/ fundam5tal doctr9e ( ,*ri/ianity is t ,god is ,love 7#a ,john iv4 #h1 #af71 & t ,love is ! highe/ det]m9+ pr9ciple ( ! ,div9e effici5cy4 ,creation1 ,provid5ce1 & ,r$emption are gr\nd$ 9 ,love z ! f9al cause 7,g54 i4 #ca2 ,isa4 lxiii4 #i2 ,john iii4 #af74 ,! gravitat+ po9t ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god ! ,creator is n ,omnipot5ce1 nor yet ,wisdom1 b always ,love4 ,omnipot5ce1 9 itself consid]$1 possesses no mov+ or det]m9+ pr9ciple4 ,god does n create ! _w to reveal 8 inf9ite p[]4 ,inf9ite ,wisdom devises ! be/ means & me?ods = ! ,div9e effici5cy1 b x does n supply ! ultimate reason :y ! _w exi/s4 ,! ,love ( ,god is ! mov+ pr9ciple ( 8 wisdom & p[] 9 t x appo9ts ! end to :i* omnipot5ce is relat$ z ! effici5t1 & wisdom z ! =mal cause4 ,:atev] displays ( p[] or ( wisdom may be made 9 ! creat$ univ]se1 !y are all subord9at$ & made subs]vi5t to ! purpose ( ,love4 ,! highe/ law ( ! univ]se is ,love4 ,! cons]vation ( ,love is ! l(tie/ cons]vation ( ,=ce4 ,! _w1 !n1 0 creat$ to be a revelation ( ,god1 & especially to be a revelation ( ! p]fections ( ! ,div9e nature :i* are gr\nd$ 9 & d$ucible f ,love2 & x exi/s z ! self-manife/ation & self-communication ( ,god to p]sonal creatures :o c "k ,him & love ,him 9 return4 ,t :i* c det]m9e ,god1 absolutely suffici5t 9 ,himself1 9 ! production ( be+s di/9ct f ,himself1 is ,love alone2 consequ5tly ! creation is no?+ else ?an ! free self-communication ( ,god ,himself1 :o c\ld be exclusively 9 ,himself1 b wills t o!rs may h be+ &1 9 fell[%ip ) ,him1 et]nal life4#ahb ,! _w-creat+1 _w-pres]v+ ,love ( ,god has ?is = its ultimate purpose1 t !re %all be be+s :o1 9 ! complet5ess & p]fection ( p]sonal exi/5ce1 %all "k & love & resemble ,god1 & h fell[%ip 9 8 bless$ness & joy 7,matt4 v4 #h2 #a ,cor4 xiii4 #ab2 #b ,pet] i4 #d2 #a ,john iii4 #b74 ,! realization ( a p]fect$ humanity 9 fell[%ip ) ,god is1 !n1 ! f9al end ( creation4 ,we f9d "s intimations ( ?is gr& purpose 9 ! sublime record ( creation :i* is giv5 by ,moses4 ,we !re le>n t e ?+ 0 creat$ ) a view to man--to man 9 ! image ( ,god4 ,! inorganic _w exi/s = ! vegetable k+dom1 ! vegetable exi/s = ! animal k+dom1 & all exi/s = man 7*4 i4 #bf-cj74 ,all its successive *anges 7 a prep>ation = ! appe>ance ( man4#ahc ,! m compreh5sive revelation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t tea*es t man exi/s = ! realization ( t p]fect$ humanity ( :i* ,*ri/ is ! model1 & :i* is atta9$ 9 & ?r\gh ,*ri/ianity4 ,! idea ( man is ! teleological pr9ciple ( ! _w1 ! idea ( ,*ri/ is ! teleological pr9ciple ( humanity4 ,all ?+s 7 creat$ by ,*ri/ & = ,*ri/4 ,! good pleasure 7 ! b5evol5t purpose7 ( ! ,div9e ,w is1 9 ! fullness ( "t1 to ga!r toge!r 9 "o all ?+s bo? :i* are 9 heav5 & :i* are on e>?1 ev5 9 ,*ri/1 t 9 ! f9al consummation ,god may be all 9 all 7,eph4 i4 #i1 #aj2 #a ,cor4 xv4 #bh74 ,?is purpose ( ,div9e ,love is an et]nal purpose1 orda9$ be=e ! f\ndation ( ! _w1 & progressively unfold$ 9 ! creation1 gov]nm5t1 & r$emption ( ! _w4 ,?us ! _w1 z an actual1 temporal _w1 reposes on an et]nal ideal _w :i* has always be5 pres5t to ! ,div9e cognition4 ,! visible creation is b ! realization ( ! ,div9e ideal 9 su* modes & "u su* conditions z %all con/itute x a manife/ation ( ,god to f9ite intellig5ces--! ext]nal expression ( ! m9d & "* ( ,god1 ! language ( ! ,deity4 ,assum+ ?is z a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ,*ri/ian !ology t ,creation is ! self-manife/ation ( ,god1 & t ! f9al cause ( ?is manife/ation is ! communication ( ! ,div9e bless$ness to intellig5t1 p]sonal be+1 we may logically inf] ! foll[+ int]m$iate pr9ciples z ,laws ( ?is ,manife/ation4 #a4 ,?is manife/ation mu/ be ,,gradual1 n in/antane\s4 ,9 o!r words1 x mu/ be unfold$ 9 successive /eps or phases1 s z to be adapt$ to ! nature & capabilities ( ! be+ to :om x is made4 ,! det]m9ations ( nature1 l ^? ( consci\sness1 mu/ con=m to ! law ( progressive developm5t4 ,div9e omnipot5ce 01 no d\bt1 adequate to ! production ( new be+s )\t any pre-exi/+ mat]ials or any pre>rang$ conditions2 b creation is n ma9ly or prim>ily a revelation ( omnipot5ce4 ,! ,deity might h br\ght ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se into in/ant be+ )\t any succession & indep5d5t ( all means1 b a univ]se ?us in/antane\sly produc$ & simultane\sly pres5t$ w\ld reveal no purpose to1 & c\ld n be und]/ood by1 a f9ite m9d4 ,f9ite consci\sness c be develop$ only "u conditions ( plurality1 diff]5ce1 & succession1 & !re=e ! objects ( cognition mu/ be successively pres5t$4 ,we may be s5sible ( ! ext]nal reality by imm$iate intuition1 b we c und]/& only ?r\gh exp]i5ce2 & exp]i5ce supposes a gradual process--a succession n simply 9 our m5tal /ates1 b a succession ( ext]nal ph5om5a4 ,?is exp]i5ce ( succession con/itutes our consci\sness ( "t4 ,!re=e1 9 ord] t ! ,div9e manife/ation may be und]/ood1 x mu/ h a hi/ory4#ahd #b4 ,?is manife/ation mu/ be ,,cumulative--t is1 x mu/ af=d an increase ( k ?r\gh successive additions2 x mu/ be an advanc+ revelation ( new pr9ciples & laws 9 an asc5d+ l9e ( creative acts4 ,an evolution :i* is absolutely cont9u\s1 & 9 :i* ! pres5t is ! necess>y outcome ( ! pa/1 & t by degrees inf9itely small1 may be a manife/ation ( unconsci\s =ce1 b c n be a manife/ation ( liv+ ,w4 ,if nature be a manife/ation ( ,god--! unfold+ ( an et]nal purpose ( ,love--?is manife/ation mu/ ev] be op5 to receive new additions1 ! int]calation ( new pr9ciples1 & ! sup]9duction ( new laws work+ = a nobl] end4 ,all limitations f ! sci5tific /&-po9t are illogical & absurd4 ,?is law w\ld det]m9e our conception ( ! univ]se z an aggregation ( comb9$ evolutions f sev]al int]m$iate pr9ciples or beg9n+s1 r ?an an evolution f a s+le fir/ matt] or fir/ =ce4 ,! creation ( ! new1 :e!r z primordial elem5t1 or prim>y =ce1 or pr9ciple ( life1 or rational s\l1 is ! fundam5tal idea ( ! sup]natural--t is1 ! production ( some?+ :i* is n a necess>y out-bir? f pre-exi/+ conditions & laws4#ahe ,!re=e :at is commonly1 ?\gh p]haps incorrectly1 /yl$ miracul\s int]position1 mu/ itself be a law ( ! ,div9e manife/ation1 & ! law ( uni=mity mu/ be subord9at$ to ! m g5]al law ( progressive developm5t1 :i* subord9ates ! inorganic to ! organic1 ! physical to ! moral _w4 #c4 ,?is manife/ation mu/ be ,,consecutive4 ,n only mu/ x be a succession ( /eps or phases1 b ! entire s]ies mu/ be s relat$ & concat5at$ z to pres5t an ,ord] ( ,?\ght--an asc5d+ developm5t t[>d a =ese5 & pr$et]m9$ end4 ,if x 7 n s1 e ?+ w\ld be isolat$ & disconnect$1 & consequ5tly un9telligible4 ,!re w\ld be a succession ( ph5om5a1 b no manife/ation ( ?\ght2 a s]ies ( dissolv+ views pres5t$ to ! s5se1 b no revelation to ! und]/&+4 ,isolat$ ph5om5al *anges might be cont9u$ ?r\gh untold ages1 b ! pa/ w\ld h no connection ) ! pres5t1 & w\ld be unkn[n & lo/ to all ! future4 ,a revelation ( ! ,inf9ite ,m9d to f9ite intellig5ces1 made ?r\gh ! manifold & div]sifi$ ph5om5a ( nature1 mu/ be a connect$ & relat$ :ole1 s t f ph5om5a actually obs]v$ we may inf] antec$5t conditions1 & anticipate future evolutions2 o!rwise x c\ld n be und]/ood4 ,to be intelligible1 a process ( developm5t mu/ be ! product ( ?\ght1 & x mu/ reveal ?\ght--t is1 x mu/ be consecutive4#ahf #d4 ,?is manife/ation mu/ be ,,h>moni\s4 ,not)/&+ its multiplicity ( p>ts & manifold /ages1 x mu/ be a unity--a ,cosmos4 ,be+s ! mo/ v>i$ 9 end[m5t1 ?+s ! mo/ div]sifi$ 9 =m & function1 ev5ts ! mo/ remote f ea* o!r 9 "t & space1 mu/ all be relat$ & connect$ 9 virtue ( ! ultimate & all-embrac+ purpose = :i* ! univ]se exi/s4 ,an ext]nal purpose reveal$ "u "t-relations mu/ be an all-h>moni\s evolution & an ord]ly totality--a ,cosmos4 ,let u n[ turn to ! record ( creation z giv5 9 ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures--! ,mosaic ,cosmogony--& see h[ t acc\nt con=ms to ! laws :i* on logical gr\nds we h d$uc$ z ! ,laws ( ! ,div9e ,manife/ation4 ,! fundam5tal pr]equisite = a "r int]pretation ( ! sacr$ n>rative is a cle> appreh5sion1 fir/1 ( its g5]al purpose1 &1 secondly1 ( its special lit]>y *>act]i/ics4 ,on ^! two po9ts1 !re=e1 we (f] ! foll[+ prelim9>y consid]ations3 #a4 ,! design ( ! sacr$ n>rative is to tea* ,!ology & n ,sci5ce4 ,a cursory read+ ( ! n>rative w conv9ce any "o t its purpose is n to enl>ge m5's views ( nature1 b to tea* !m some?+ conc]n+ nature's ,god4 ,x says no?+ ab\t ! =ces ( nature1 ! laws ( nature1 ! classifications ( natural hi/ory1 or ! size1 positions1 di/ances1 & motions ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,f fir/ to la/1 e ph5om5on & e law is l9k$ imm$iately to "s act or comm& ( ,god4 ,x is ,god :o creates1 ,god :o comm&s1 ,god :o names1 ,god :o approves1 & ,god :o blesses4 ,/rike out ! allusions to ,god1 & ! n>rative is mean+less4 ,cle>ly1 x 0 nev] int5d$ to tea* sci5ce4 ,x has obvi\sly "o purpose1 to reveal & keep be=e ! m9ds ( m5 ! gr& tru? t ,jehovah is ! sole ,creator & ,"l ( ! heav5s & ! e>?2 & x leaves ! sci5tific compreh5sion ( nature to ! natural p[]s ) :i* ,god has end[$ man = t end4 ,all ?is is :at we might legitimately expect4 ,! n>rative 0 design$ prim>ily & ma9ly = ! in/ruction ( ! masses ( m5 :o knew no?+ or sc>cely any ?+ ( sci5ce2 & if design$ = _! in/ruction1 x mu/ be c\*$ 9 language :i* !y c\ld compreh5d4 ,a revelation made 9 ! language ( sci5ce w\ld h be5 un9telligible to ! race = ne>ly six ?\s& ye>s ( its hi/ory1 &1 practically1 w\ld h be5 no revelation at all4 ,sci5tific language1 moreov]1 is subject to modification & *ange z sci5ce advances2 b ! n>rative ( ,g5esis 0 int5d$ = all "t1 & !re=e ne$$ to be c\*$ 9 language n liable to *ange4 ,! only language :i* possesses ^! two requisites ( g5]al intelligibility & non-liability to *ange is ! language ( appe>ances4 ,! facts set =? mu/ be describ$ z !y w\ld h seem$ to ! eye ( man2 t is1 9 a ^w1 ph5om5ally1 or ! cosmogony w\ld fail ( its purpose4 ,all scrut9y or objection 9 ! matt] ( unsci5tific1 or sci5tifically inaccurate language1 !n1 mu/ be put aside z irrelevant4#ahg ,:ile e>ne/ly ma9ta9+ t ! inspir$ hi/ory ( creation 0 giv5 = ! in/ruction ( unsci5tific p]sons1 & is !re=e !ological & n sci5tific1 we also believe t all tru? is "o1 & t all revelation1 :e!r 9 ,scripture or 9 nature1 mu/ be ultimately h>moni\s4 ,sci5ce 9 its la/ g5]alization mu/ be ,!ology4 ,!ology 9 its prop] developm5t mu/ be ,sci5ce4 ,!y are tw9 *ildr5 ( heav51 ve/al virg9s :i* c n be w$d$ to error4 ,we are1 !re=e1 ju/ifi$ 9 ! expectation t ! revelation 9 ,scripture1 :5 rightly int]pret$1 w conta9 no?+ t is inconsi/5t ) ! sci5tific int]pretation ( nature4 ,:ile we hold t !re are no untimely anticipations ( sci5tific discov]y 9 ,g5esis1 yet we expect t :5 ! sci5tific discov]ies are made1 ! congruity & dignity ( ! moral & religi\s lesson %all n be defeat$ & m>r$4 ,nay1 m1 we ma9ta9 t ! ,mosaic cosmogony pres5ts ! great pr9ciples :i* really lie at ! basis ( a truly sci5tific int]pretation ( nature4 ,x tea*es t ,god is be=e all ?+s & ! ,creator ( all ?+s--t ,he alone is unbeg9n+1 & t all ?+s _h a beg9n+ 9 8 creative ^w & w4 ,x pres5ts ! univ]se z "o h>moni\s :ole1 ! product ( "o design+ ,m9d1 ! project ( 8 ?\ght1 ! transcript ( 8 plan--a plan evolv$ ?r\gh successive /ages t[>d a =ese5 t]m9us or goal4 ,&1 f9ally1 x tea*es t man is ! end t[>d :i* creation 0 t5d+1 t he is ! la/ & cr[n+ "w ( ,god1 & t he is ! *ild & *>ge1 n ( a bl9d1 imp]sonal =ce1 b ( a liv+1 lov+ ,god4 #b4 ,! sacr$ n>rative is poetic1 symbolical1 & un*ronological4 ,x is a notewor?y fact t ! e>ly lit]ature ( ! mo/ anci5t nations 0 poetic--! natural1 spontane\s product ( t e>lie/ /age ( m5tal developm5t 9 :i* ! conceptions ( ,god & ( nature 7 det]m9$ by subjective feel+ & native s5tim5t1 & n by reflective ?\ght4 ,! ,v$as ( ! ,h9dus1 ! ,iliad ( ! ,greeks1 ! ,eddas ( ! anci5t ,g]mans1 7 ea* ! product ( an age 9 :i* prose 0 unkn[n1 z well z ! di/9ction betwe5 prose & poetry4 ,! e>lie/ ,hebrew compositions are ( ! same "*2 & x is reasonable to assume t a primitive revelation to ! prog5itors ( our race w\ld be accommodat$ to ?is e>lie/ phase 9 ! developm5t ( m9d4 ,! ,book ( ,g5esis op5s ) a ,psalm--! inspir$ ,psalm ( ,creation#ahh--;a gr& symbolical ,hymn ( ,creation4 ,! rhy?mical "* ( ! passage1 its /ately /yle1 its p>allelisms1 its refra9s1 its unity )9 itself1 all comb9e to %[ t x is a poem4#ahi ,"h is ! same organic unity :i* m>ks ! #ajd? ,psalm1 or ! ,"l's ,pray]1 or ! p>able ( ! labor]s 9 ! v9ey>d4 ,or1 if we g out ( ! ,bible = illu/ration1 x comb9es ) lyric bread? ( treatm5t & /atel9ess ( movem5t all ! compactness ( a solemn sonnet freight$ ) a s+le ?\ght f beg9n+ to end4 ,analysis ( its int]ior /ructure exhibits a mo/ artificial syn!sis1 f\nd$ ^u well-kn[n sacr$ numb]s4 ,x has1 fir/1 an ,exordium1 ! proemial "p4 ,!n x is articulat$ into six ,/rophes4 ,f9ally !re is ! ,epode1 or p]oration4 ,! six /rophes sep>ate naturally into two gr\ps1 9 :i* !re is a balance & correlation ( p>ts celebrat+ ! fir/ ?ree & ! la/ ?ree concordant /eps 9 ! creative movem5t--! ,/rophe & ! ,anti/rophe4 ,! exordium /ates briefly ! subject ( ! poem3 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,! fir/ ?ree /rophes unfold ! creative developm5t ( ! receptacles3 #a4 ,a4 ,! lum9if]\s e!r4 ,! heav5s #b4 ,b4 ,wat]s & ! firmam5t betwe5 ! wat]s4 & ! e>?4 #c4 ,c4 ,dry l& above ! wat]s1 ) plants4 ,! second ?ree /rophes 7or1 m correctly1 anti/rophes7 unfold ! creative developm5t ( ! occupants3 #d4 ,a4 ,! light-be>]s3 sun1 moon1 & />s4 ,& all ! ho/s #e4 ,b4 ,wat]-animals & birds4 ( !m 7,g54 ii4 #a74 #f4 ,c4 ,l&-animals & man4 ,! epode1 or p]oration1 fills up ! sacr$ numb] #g--! symbol always ( p]man5ce & repose4 ,?us ! heav5s & ! e>? 7! receptacles7 7 f9i%$1 & all ! ho/ ( !m 7! occupants72 & on ! sev5? day ,god put p]iod to ! "w :i* he creat$ by fa%ion+1 etc4#aij ,,! ,,symbolical ,,hymn ,,( ,,creation4 ,,exordium4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,,fir/ ,,/rophe4 ,& ! e>? 0 =mless & empty2 ,& d>kness 0 ^u ! face ( ! abyss4 ,& ! ,_s ( ,god brood$ ^u ! face ( ! vapors4#aia ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be light3 ,& !re 0 light4 ,,refra9--,& ,god saw ! light t x 0 good4 ,& ,god call$ ! light ,day3 ,& ! d>kness ,he call$ ,night4 ,& !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+3 "o day4 ,,second ,,/rophe4 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be an expanse 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]s1 ,& let x be a division ( wat]s f vapors4 ,& ,god made ! expanse1 ,& divid$ ! wat]s :i* 7 bel[ ! expanse f ! wat]s :i* 7 above ! expanse3#aib ,& x 0 s4 ,& ,god call$ ! expanse ,heav5s4 ,& !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+3 a second day4 ,,?ird ,,/rophe4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! wat]s "u ! heav5s be ga!r$ into "o place1 ,& let ! dry gr\nd appe>3 ,& x 0 s4 ,& ,god call$ ! dry gr\nd ,l&2 ,& ! ga!r+ ( ! wat]s ,he call$ ,seas4 ,,refra9--,& ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! l& %oot =? %oots3 ,h]bs yield+ se$1 fruit-trees yield+ se$-inclos+ fruit aft] _! k9d ^u ! l&2 ,& x 0 s4 ,& ! l& br\ght =? %oots2 ,h]bs yield+ se$ aft] _! k9d1 & trees yield+ se$-inclos+ fruit aft] _! k9d4 ,,refra9--,& ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,& !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+3 a ?ird day4 ,,f\r? ,,/rophe4 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be lum9>ies 9 ! expanse ( ! heav5s to divide ! day f ! night2 ,& let !m be = signs & = seasons1 & = days & ye>s2 ,& let !m be = light-be>]s 9 ! expanse ( ! heav5s1 to give light ^u ! e>?3 ,& x 0 s4 ,& ,god made ! two great lum9>ies2 ,! great] lum9>y to rule ! day2 ,! less] lum9>y to rule ! night4 ,he made ! />s lights also2 ,& ,god appo9t$ !m 9 ! expanse ( ! heav5s to give light ^u ! e>?1 ,& to rule ov] ! day & night1 ,& to divide ! light f ! d>kness4 ,,refra9--,& ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,& !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+3 a f\r? day4 ,,fif? ,,/rophe4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! wat]s sw>m =? sw>m+ ?+s1 liv+ s\ls2#aic ,& let birds fly ^u ! l& ^u ! face ( ! expanse ( ! heav5s4 ,& ,god creat$ great levia?ans1 ,& all liv+ s\ls t creep1 :i* ! wat]s sw>m$ =? aft] _! k9d2 ,& all birds ( w+ aft] _! k9d4 ,,refra9--,& ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,& ,god bless$ !m1 say+3 ,be fruitful & multiply1 & fill ! wat]s ( ! sea2 ,& let ! birds multiply 9 ! l&4 ,& !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+3 a fif? day4 ,,six? ,,/rophe4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! l& br+ =? liv+ s\ls aft] _! k9d3 ,cattle1 & creep+ ?+s1 & l&-animals aft] _! k9d3 ,& x 0 s4 ,& ,god made l&-animals aft] _! k9d1 ,& cattle aft] _! k9d1 ,& all creep+ ?+s aft] _! k9d4 ,,refra9--,& ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,& ,god said1 ,let u make ,,man 9 our image1 aft] our lik5ess2 ,& let him h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 ,& ov] ! birds ( ! heav5s1 ,& ov] ! cattle1 ,& ov] ! l&1 ,& ov] all ! creep+ ?+s t creep ^u ! l&4 ,& ,god creat$ ,,man 9 8 own image2 ,9 ! image ( ,god creat$ ,he him3 ,male & female creat$ ,he !m4 ,& ,god bless$ !m2 & ,god said unto !m1 ,be fruitful & multiply1 & repl5i% ! ,e>?1 & subdue x2 ,& h dom9ion ov] ! fi%es ( ! sea1 ,& ov] ! birds ( ! heav5s1 ,& ov] all ! animals t creep ^u ! l&4 ,& ,god said1 ,behold1 ,i h giv5 y all h]bs se$+ se$ :i* are ^u ! face ( all ! l&1 ,& e tree :i* has se$-inclos$ fruit3 ,!y %all be unto y = food4 ,& to all l&-animals1 ,& to all ! birds ( ! heav5s1 ,& to all creep+ ?+s ^u ! l& :]e9 is a liv+ s\l1 ,i h giv5 e gre5 h]b = food3 ,& x 0 s4 ,,refra9--,& ,god saw e ?+ t ,he _h made1 & behold x 0 v good4 ,& !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+3 ! six? day4 ,,epode4 ,?us ! heav5s & ! e>? 7 f9i%$1 ,& all ! ho/s ( !m4 ,& on ! sev5? day ,god put p]iod to ! "w :i* ,he _h made2 ,& ,he re/$ on ! sev5? day f all 8 "w :i* ,he _h made4 ,& ,god bless$ ! sev5? day1 & hall[$ x3 ,because t 9 x ,he re/$ f all 8 works :i* ,god by mak+ creat$4 ,:o c read ?is sublime composition )\t feel+ t x is a solemn sonnet freight$ ) a s+le ?\ght f beg9n+ to end8 ,9 our ,engli% ,bible1 brok5 up into v]ses1 & split across into two *apt]s1 x is l an image reflect$ 9 a %att]$ mirror2 all its real beauty is conceal$4 ,b he :o c look ^u x ) a cle> eye1 & grasp its real unity1 mu/ recognize x z a ,sacr$ ,hymn compos$ probably by ,adam1 & *ant$ 9 ! t5ts ( ! patri>*s at _! morn+ & ev5+ devotions = m ?an two ?\s& ye>s1 to commemorate ! fact & keep alive ! fai? t ! _w is ! "w ( ! triune ,god4 ,besides be+ poetic1 ! sacr$ n>rative is pre-em95tly symbolical--mu/ be symbolical1 because ! ,div9e reality c\ld nev] be intuitively kn[n4 ,! facts transc5d all ! possibilities ( human exp]i5ce4 ,:atev] k ! writ] _h 9 reg>d to ! creative process mu/ h be5 obta9$ 9 a pret]natural way--t is1 x mu/ h be5 reveal$ by ,div9e ,omnisci5ce4 ,b su* a revelation c\ld n h be5 communicat$ 9 m]e vocables4 ,words are !mselves b signs--m]e arbitr>y signs ( images & ideas--& c convey no mean+ unless ! image or ! idea be already be=e ! m9d4 ,! only natural hypo!sis is t ! k 0 convey$ 9 a symbolic repres5tation--a vision ( ! pa/ 9 a succession ( sc5ic repres5tations ) accompany+ v]bal ann\ncem5ts1 l ! visions ( ! future 9 ! prophecies ( ,ezekiel & ! apocalypse ( ,john4 ,! orig9al =mless nebula--! primeval d>kness--! brood+ ,_s produc+ motion--! consequ5t lum9osity--! sep>ation ( ! a]i=m fluid into atmosph]e & wat]--! em]g5ce ( ! solid l&--! %oot+ =? ( grass & plants--! appe>ance ( ! heav5ly lum9>ies--! sw>m+ ( ! wat]s ) liv+ ?+s1 & ! appe>ance ( birds ( w+ 9 ! expanse ( heav5--! br++ =? ( l&-animals--&1 f9ally1 ! creation ( man--all pass be=e 8 m9d 9 a succession ( pictorial repres5tations ( ! actual progress ( creation4 ,! sights se51 ! voices he>d1 ! emotions ar\s$1 are j ^? adapt$ to br+ out ! v words ! se] actually uses1 & 9 bo? cases ! v be/ words t c\ld h be5 us$ = su* a purpose4 ,! description be+ giv5 f ! b>ely optical r ?an f any reflective sci5tific /&-po9t m or less advanc$1 is on ?is v acc\nt ! m vivid z well z ! m univ]sal4 ,x is a language read & und]/ood by all4 ,! words ( ! inspir$ writ] are descriptive ( ! vision pictures1 & ^! 7 symbolic repres5tations ( ! ,div9e realities4 ,! language ( ! sacr$ record mu/ !re=e be reg>d$ z an?ropopa?ic--! ,div9e idea be+ symboliz$ "u ! figure ( human acts & affections2 & f ! analogy betwe5 ! human & ! ,div9e we may conceive n :at ,god is 9 ,himself1 nor yet ! mann] ( ! ,div9e action1 b ! relation ( ,god to ! _w4 ,we mu/1 h[ev]1 gu>d aga9/ sub/itut+ ! human symbol = ! ,div9e reality1 & mak+ ! human analogy a measure = ! inf9ite ,be+4 ,! ,sacr$ ,hymn is no m a lit]al detail ( ! actual process ( creation ?an ! description ( ! ,new ,j]usalem 9 ,revelation is a lit]al picture ( ! heav5ly /ate4#aid ,god is =ev] above all f9ite relations4 ,f9ite acts & relations may be employ$ z repres5tative symbols ( ! ,div9e1 b !y c nev] be adequate repres5tations4 ,div9e creat+ & mov+1 comm&+ & nam+1 see+ & approv+1 work+ & re/+1 mu/ n be n>r[$ d[n to ! /&>d ( our f9ite p]sonality1 & conceiv$ "u human limitations4 ,! conception ( ! ,deity z /&+ outside ( matt]1 & mov+ & fa%ion+ x aft] ! mann] ( a human artific]1 z comm&+ & nam+ 9 human language1 z be+ condition$ 9 8 action by ! "t-measures :i* ,he himself appo9t$1 z exp5d+ en]gy & !n re/+ aft] ! mann] ( a human labor]1 is ! rude/ an?ropomorphism4 ,god is et]nal2 nei!r 8 be+ nor 8 action are condition$ by f9ite measures ( "t4 ,god is absolute imm5sity1 ess5tial omnipres5ce4 ,he is 9 all & ?r\gh all z truly z ,he is above & be=e all4 ,he is a ,liv+ ,p[] imman5t 9 all matt]1 z well z transc5d+ all matt]1 mov+ x1 organiz+ x1 vitaliz+ x cont9ually--a ,liv+ ,p[] work+ f )91 r ?an a me*anical =ce act+ f )\t4 ,if ! primitive composition /&+ at ! comm5cem5t ( ,g5esis be ! ,symbolical ,hymn ( ,creation1 we are n p]mitt$ to reg>d x z *ronological--t is1 we are n ju/ifi$ 9 expect+ t x %all con=m to "t-measures :i* _h no exi/5ce prior to ! creative act1 b :i* 7 consequ5t ^u & det]m9$ by ! creative act4 ,?is is obvi\s bo? f ! nature ( ?+s & ! "* ( ! composition4 ,! #ajf? ,psalm is an epic poem--t is1 x is a n>rative 9 poetic measure1 a hi/ory 9 metrical =m4 ,:o w be s unreasonable z to dem& t ?is ,psalm %all furni% any *ronological data1 or con=m to any "t-measures :atev]8 ,psalms are compos$ to be sung & excite emotion1 n to be m]ely read & criticis$4 ,! poet gr\ps 8 mat]ials = ! be/ moral effect1 & arranges 8 numb]s to secure rhy?m & h>mony4 ,x is simply absurd to dem& t !re %all be any *ronology--nay1 x spoils ! gr& effect to ?9k ( *ronology 9 read+ ! ,symbolical ,hymn ( ,creation4 ,9 fact1 we are =bidd5 to ?9k ( "t at all by ! fir/ ^w ( ! exordium1 :i* /ates ! subject ( ! poem4 ,! ,hebrew b]e%i?1 ! ,greek 9 ,beg9n+ 7n 9 ! ,beg9n+1 = ! article is n us$71 has no relation to succession 9 "t4 ,x d5otes pretemporality1 & is r5d]$ by ,mey]1 ,keil1 & o!rs--be=e "t or 9 et]nity4 ,x is ! same ?\ght :i* is pres5t$ 9 ,john i4 #a3 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w2 & ,?oluck & ,dean ,al=d bo? read ! text1 ,be=e ! _w 01 or be=e "t 04 ,inde$1 ! :ole poem repres5ts an ideal conception1 & n a "t-m>* ( ph5om5a4 ,s assur$ are we on ?is po9t t we confid5tly affirm t no "o :o endeavors to ?9k ( ! creation 9 its relation to ,god c ev] fall into ! an?ropomorphic error ( say+ t ,god's ways are l unto our ways1 ,god's speak+ is l unto our speak+1 ,god's work+ & re/+ are l unto our work+ & re/+1 & ,god's days are l unto our days ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,z ,dr4 ,:$on rem>ks1 ,our traditional unsci5tific sci5tific con/ructions ( ?is *apt] are ,japhetic int]pretations ( a ,semitic text4 ,! m5 :o p]si/ 9 reg>d+ ! day ( ,god z a natural day ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs are involv$ 9 numb]less inconsi/5cies :5 !y attempt to c>ry _! rigid preconception ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,bible4 ,human or f9ite measures ( "t1 :5 appli$ to any ?+ ,god does1 c only be accommodat$ repres5tations to meet our feeble compreh5sion1 & we are con/antly gu>d$1 9 ! ,bible itself1 aga9/ a lit]al & an?ropomorphic conception4 ,ha/ ?\ eyes ( fle%1 or see/ ?\ z man see?8 ,are ?y days z man's days8 7,job x4 #d1 #e47 ,to say t ,god's days ( work+ are l our days is j z absurd & z degrad+ a conception z to say t ,god's eyes are eyes ( fle%1 l ours4 ,our "t-measures c n condition ! ,div9e action4 ,"o day is ) ! ,"l z a ?\s& ye>s1 & a ?\s& ye>s z "o day 7#b ,pet] iii4 #h72 :i* means t "t is z no?+ ) ,god1 t "t does n condition ! ,div9e life or ! ,div9e action1 b t x is ! ,div9e action :i* makes & conditions all "t4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! _w is ! beg9n+ ( "t1 & "t is ! duration ( ! _w measur$ into equal p>ts by ! equable motion ( bodies 9 space4#aie ,! attempt to measure ! creat+ "w ( ,god by days ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs is j z absurd z ! attempt to measure imm5sity by a ?ree-foot rule1 or to e/imate omnipot5ce by horse-p[]4 ,let any "o te/ ! tw5ty-f\r-h\r measure on su* texts z ! foll[+3 ,y\r fa!r ,abraham desir$ to see my day4 ,! day ( ! ,son ( ,man4 ,i mu/ "w ! works ( him t s5t me :ile x is day4 ,if ?\ had/ kn[n 9 ?is ?y day4 ,he %all rise aga9 9 ! resurrection at ! la/ day4 ,! day ( salvation4 ,! day ( judgm5t4 ,! t]rible day ( ! ,"l4 ,x w\ld be a :olesome & pr(itable ex]cise to take up ! ,concordance & ref] to all ! texts 9 :i* ! ^w day /&s 9 any relation to ! det]m9ations or do+s ( ,god1 & x w be f\nd t x is always an indef9ite p]iod ( long] or %ort] duration1 & may be tw5ty-f\r hundr$ ye>s1 or tw5ty-f\r ?\s& ye>s1 j z well z tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,! ,hebrew 7yom71 fir/ occurr+ 9 ,g54 i4 #e1 is ! "n ( an indef9ite p]iod1 a cycle ( "t radically gr\nd$ on ! primitive conception ( division or sep>ation4 ,light is ! fir/ sep>ation4 ,x is divid$ f ! d>kness4 ,& ,god call$ ! light day1 & ! d>kness ,he call$ night4 ,?is is ,god's own nam+1 & we mu/ take x z our guide 9 ! int]pretation ( ! subsequ5t days4 ,obvi\sly1 x is n ! duration1 b ! ph5om5on1 ! appe>+ itself :i* is = ! fir/ "t call$ day4 ,!n ! t]m is us$ = a p]iod1 or ! :ole fir/ cycle ( ev5ts1 ) its two great anti!tical p>ts--,& !re 0 an ev5+1 & !re 0 a morn+1 "o day4 ,we look into ! sacr$ n>rative to see :at corresponds to ?is nam+4 ,:at 0 ! night8 ,c]ta9ly ! d>kness on ! face ( ! wat]s4 ,:at 0 ! day8 ,c]ta9ly ! light consequ5t on ! brood+ ( ! ,_s & ! comm&+ ^w4 ,h[ long 0 ! day8 ,h[ long 0 ! night or ! d>kness8 ,! acc\nt tells u no?+ ab\t x4 ,!re is some?+ on ! face ( x :i* seems to =bid su* que/ions4 ,:]e are we to get twelve h\rs = ?is fir/ night8 ,:]e is ! po9t ( comm5cem5t :5 d>kness began to be on ! face ( ! deep8 ,all is va/1 sublime1 immeasurable4 ,! "t is z =mless z ! mat]ial4 ,x has1 inde$1 a *ronology ( "s k9d1 b on a scale va/ly diff]5t f t aft]w>d appo9t$ 7v]4 #ad7 to regulate ! hi/ory ( a complet$ & habitable _w4 ,:oev] ?9ks s]i\sly on ! impossibility ( accommodat+ ?is fir/ day to ! measure ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs ne$s no o!r argum5t4 ,! fir/ day is1 9 ?is respect1 ! model ( all ! re/4#aif ,x is equally impossible to r$uce ! sev5? day to a *ronological /&>d ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,& ,god re/$ on ! sev5? day f all 8 works :i* ,he _h made4 ,are we to presume t ,god re/$ z we re/1 because ,he 0 we>y1 & t ,he ne$$ to re/ j tw5ty-f\r h\rs8 ,is n ,god re/+ /ill 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w re/ is "h us$1 viz41 to cease do+ a p>ticul> "w8 ,is n all "t s9ce ! ,creation ,god's gr& ,sabba?1 9 :i* he is n do+ works ( ,orig9ation1 b works ( ,love & ,m]cy to our race8 ,x is obvi\s t ! fir/ & ! sev5? days c n be days ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs2 &1 fur!rmore1 a cle> appreh5sion ( ! nature ( ! fir/ day mu/ op5 to u ! true conception ( all ! re/4 ,! days are new appe>ances1 new manife/ations1 new developm5ts 9 ! ,creative ,week--! great day ( ,god 7,g54 ii4 #d74 ,accord+ to ! analogy ( ! fir/ day1 ! ev5+ is ! "t ( a peculi> or p>tially *aotic condition1 l ! glacial epo* :i* clos$ ! ,c5ozoic & op5$ ! ,phr5ozoic day4 ,! morn+ is a new evolution ( a new ord] ( ?+s1 :i* c>ries ! _w-=mation to a high] /age4 ,) ea* creative morn+ !re comes a high]1 fair]1 ri*] /ate ( ! e>?1 until x rea*es ! ,sabba? ( ! _w1 ! day on :i* ,god re/$ or ceas$ f 8 _w-creat+ "w1 t ,he might educate & recreate & r$eem & glorify ! human race4 ,9 ^! anti!tical movem5ts ( ea* creative day we are n necessitat$ to assume a sudd5 cata/rophe1 or any return to ! *aos ( ! fir/ day1 any m ?an we n[ conceive ( night z a sudd5 return to d>kness1 or ( day z ! sudd5 return ( light4 ,!re is a /eady progression1 an ord]ly movem5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ea* creative day1 j z !re is 9 ! hi/ory ( a s+le sol> day4 ,! light does n break sudd5ly ^u ! _w--! sun rises gradually ^u ! e>?4 ,& s ! creative day 0 a sl[ developm5t1 a gradual evolution out ( a prior ord] ( ?+s1 by ! direct effici5cy ( ,god4 ,x has be5 ins9uat$ t ?is is an int]pretation :i* has be5 =c$ ^u u by ! progress ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,!ology1 x is said1 has be5 p]petually driv5 f h] positions by sci5ce1 & is n[ compell$ to take refuge 9 subt]fuge & equivocation4 ,! ins9uation is z false z x is f\l4 ,?is mode ( int]pretation 0 prop\nd$ ages be=e ! sci5ce ( ,geology 0 kn[n1 & 0 taught by ,jewi% doctors & ,*ri/ian fa!rs = fifte5 hundr$ ye>s4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ! fa!r ( ,sy/ematic ,!ology1 :o 0 born ,a4,d4 #ced1 asks ! "q1 ,:at mean ^! days--^! /range sunless days8 ,does ! enum]ation ( days & nights avail = a di/9ction betwe5 ! nature t is n yet =m$1 & ^? :i* are made1 s t !y %all be call$ morn+ propt] speciem i4 e41 9 ref]5ce to appe>+1 receiv+ =m or species1 & ev5+ propt] privationem i4 e41 9 ref]5ce to non-appe>ance1 =mlessness1 & want ( s5sible quality8 7,de ,g5esi ad ,lit]am1 lib4 ii4 *4 #ad47 ,h5ce he does n hesitate to call !m natur1 natures1 bir?s or gr[?s2 also mor1 delays1 or solemn pauses 9 ! ,div9e "w4 ,!y are dies ineffabiles2 _! true nature c n be told4 ,h5ce !y are call$ days z ! be/ symbol by :i* ! idea c\ld be express$4 ,!y are ,god-divid$ days & nights 9 di/9ction f sun-divid$4 ,common sol> days are m]e vicissitud9es cli1 m]e *anges 9 ! positions ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & n spatia mor>um1 or evolutions 9 nature belong+ to a high] *ronology1 & m>k+ _! epo*s by a law ( inw>d *ange in/ead ( incid5tal outw>d measurem5t4 ,z to h[ long or h[ %ort !y 7 he gives no op9ion1 b cont5ts himself ) ma9ta9+ t day is n a "n ( duration1 ! ev5+s & ! morn+s are to be reg>d$ n s mu* z measur+ ! pass+ ( "t 7temporis prt]itionem7 z m>k+ ! b\nd>ies ( a p]iodic "w or evolution4 ,?is is n ! metaphorical1 b ! real & prop] s5se ( ! ^w day1 9 fact ! orig9al s5se1 inasmu* z x conta9s ! idea ( r\nd$ p]iodicity or self-complet$ "t1 )\t any ( ! m]e accid5ts t belong to ! outw>dly measur$ sol> or planet>y epo*s1 be !y long] or %ort]4#aig ,^! are n ! m]e fancies ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,?is 0 ! doctr9e ( ! able/ ,*ri/ian fa!rs--( ,ir5u1 ,orig51 ,basil1 & ,gregory ( ,nazianz54 ,nay m1 x 0 ! doctr9e ( _m ( ! doctors ( ! old ,jewi% ,*ur*4 ,9 m rec5t times we f9d ,calmet1 ,burnet1 ,/ill+fleet1 ,h5ry ,m1 ,"l ,bacon1 ,poole1 & o!rs1 pres5t+ simil> views2 & ?is long be=e ,geology exi/$ z a sci5ce1 & irrespective ( any suppos$ collision ) physical induction4 ,_! op9ions & int]pretations 7 !re=e no %ift = ! avoidance ( difficulties1 b conclusions rea*$ indep5d5tly on s\nd pr9ciples ( ,biblical exegesis4 ,disreg>d+ ! *ronology ( ,ar*bi%op ,u%] pr9t$ 9 ! m>g9 ( our ,bible1 & ! division into *apt]s & v]ses made by ,hugh de ,/4 ,*]--bo? mod]n inv5tions :i* are no "p ( ! sacr$ record--& purg+ our m9ds ( ^? prepossessions :i* are incid5t to an uncritical fai?1 we c n[ contemplate ! ,symbolical ,hymn ( ,creation 9 its simple & orig9al =m1 z a record ( ! self-manife/ation ( ,god1 giv5 9 su* ord] & "u su* conditions t x %all be appreh5sible & int]pretable by ! f9ite m9d4 #a4 ,creation 0 a gradual process4 ,god did n create a p]fect univ]se at once1 b built x up sl[ly1 /ep by /ep4 ,a consi/5t int]pretation ( ! record =bids u to reg>d ! ,creative ,week z a lit]al week compos$ ( days ( tw5ty-f\r h\rs ea*4 ,creation is ! "w ( ,god1 & surely ! ,div9e action c n h be5 condition$ by "t-measures :i* did n exi/ be=e1 b 7 consequ5t ^u ! act ( ,god4 ,! great cyclical *anges 9 nature produc$ by ! creative ,^w are ! only measures ( "t4 ,!re=e ! days ( ! ,creative ,week are new appe>ances1 new manife/ations1 new developm5ts 9 ! creative purpose ( ,god4 ,! fir/ morn+ is ! appe>ance ( lum9osity 9 ! a]i=m fluid1 or nebul\s vapor1 :atev] sci5ce may f9ally det]m9e t to h be54 ,! ,hebrew 7mayim71 f ! root 1 :i* d5otes tumultu\s1 tremul\s1 or undulatory movem5t1 is us$ ( ! wat]s ( ! ocean1 ( ! wat]s above ! firmam5t1 ( vapor & cl\ds1 because ( _! susceptibility ( tremul\s1 undulatory motion4 ,! fir/ di/9ct creative =mation 0 heat1 or invisible molecul> motion1 result+ f ! ,_s ( ,god brood+ ^u ! face ( ! abyss2 & ?is heat reveals itself 9 ! ph5om5a ( light4#aih ,h[ closely ! ideas ( light & heat 7 unit$ 9 ! ,hebrew m9d is %[n by ! same ^w be+ us$ = bo?1 ) m]ely a slight diff]5ce 9 pronunciation1 7r7 & 7r74 ,! second morn+ is ! appe>ance ( an expanse 9 ! mid/ ( ! vapors1 divid+ ! vapors :i* 7 bel[ ! expanse f ! vapors :i* 7 above ! expanse4 ,! ,hebrew 7rakai71 f 7to /ret*1 to spread out71 means prop]ly an ext5sion1 an expanse4 ,?is is ! translation adopt$ by ,b5is*1 ,kalis*1 ,delitzs*1 ,keil1 & ,lange4 ,aft] heat & light1 ! next creative =mation is an atmosph]e1 ) its auroral light & a cl\dy canopy4 ,! ?ird morn+ is ! appe>ance ( l& & seas1 & ! spr\t+ =? ( vegetation1 at fir/ 9 its l[e/ =ms--p]haps z m>9e plants4 ,! ,hebrew 7eretz7 has two significations1 e>? & l&4 ,:5ev] x is us$ 9 a re/rict$ s5se1 & especially :]ev] x is contra/$ ) wat]1 ! mo/ appropriate r5d]+ is l&4 ,! ?ird creative =mation is gross1 pond]able matt]1 :e!r aggregat$ by molecul> attraction1 or comp\nd$ by elective aff9ity1 or select$ & organiz$ by vital =ce4 ,! f\r? morn+ is ! appe>ance ( lum9>ies or light-be>]s 9 ! expanse ( heav51 :i* are n[ set1 or1 m correctly1 appo9t$ to give light ^u ! e>?1 & to be "t-measures 9 ! future _w-hi/ory4 ,! ,hebrew ^w employ$ 9 v]4 #ad 771 :i* is un=tunately r5d]$ lights 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion1 is a diff]5t ^w f ! light 77 ( v]s4 #c-e4 7meoro?7 /rictly means light-be>]s1 or bodies giv+ light4 ,?is di/9ction is c>efully obs]v$ 9 ! ,,lxx41 ,de,wette1 ,b5is*1 ,kalis*1 ,tu*1 ,knobel1 ,delitzs*1 & ,keil4#aii ,! f\r? creative =mation 0 ! e/abli%m5t ( su* cosmical conditions or relations z %\ld enable ! heav5ly bodies to fulfill _! light-giv+ function to ! e>?4 ,:at ^? conditions 7 we may n be able to say4 ,! d5se cl\ds & ceaseless %[]s ( ! ,age ( ,ra91 :i* _h %ut out ! light ( ! heav5ly bodies = a geological age1 _h n[ pass$ away1 ! atmosph]e becomes fitt$ = ! transmission ( light1 & ! sun1 moon1 & />s are visible f ! e>?4 ,! conditions = a rapid developm5t ( vegetable life n[ exi/1 & ?is is reg>d$ z pre-em95tly ! ,age ( ,plant-gr[?4 ,! fif? morn+ is ! appe>ance ( animal life--life mov+ 9 ! wat]s & so>+ 9 ! air1 m>9e animals1 aquatic reptiles1 & birds4 ,! six? morn+ is ! appe>ance ( a high] ord] ( animal life1 mammals1 *iefly design$ = ! use ( a /ill high] be+--= ,man1 ^: appe>ance is ! noontide spl5dor ( ! six? day4 ,! sev5? morn+ is ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,sabba? ( ,god1 :i* is devot$ to ! moral & religi\s in/ruction ( humanity--! ,new ,creation ( ! moral _w4 ,! foll[+ s*eme1 furni%$ by ,dr4 ,w9*ell1 pres5ts at "o view ! ord] ( ! ,mosaic record1 & at ! same "t sets =? ! h>mony betwe5 ! ,mosaic & ,geologic records3#bjj ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,g5esis1 ,brief ann\ncem5t ( *ief ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory3 *4 i4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,i4 ,god ! ,creator ( ! ,sub/ance & ,=m ,v]s4 #a1 #b4 ( ! ,univ]se4 ,,exordium4 ,,ii4 ,t]re/rial ,*aos4 ,,iii4 ,d>kness on ! face ( ! ,deep4 ,,iv4 ,vivification ( ! ,wat]s4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,days ,,geology ,,geological ,,ages ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,i4 ,v]s4 #c-e4 ,igne\s ,vapor ,age ( ,creation ( cond5s+4 ,,fire4 ,,light4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,v]s4 #f-h4 ,ga!r+ ( ,,abiotic4 ,creation ( ,cl\ds4 ,age ( ,,ii4 ,,firmam5t ,desc5t ( ,ra94 ,,ra94 or ,,expanse4 ,e>lie/ ,a ,s$im5ts4 ,z ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,o ,v]s4 #i-ac4 ,uplift ,i ,creation ( ( ,cont95ts4 ,age ( ,c ,,iii4 ,,dry ,,l& & ,appe>ance ,,l& & 4 ( ,,plants4 ( ,m>9e ,,plant-,,mak+4 ,vegetation4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,protophytic4 ,v]s4 #ad-ah4 ,disp]sion ,creation 7or ( ,cl\ds4 appo9tm5t7 ,appe>ance ,age ( ( ( ,sun1 ,,iv4 ,,lum9>ies3 ,moon1 & ,,plant-,,gr[?4 sun1 moon1 ,/>s4 & />s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,appe>ance ( ,age ( ,v]s4 #bj-bc4 ,m>9e ,animals ,,mollusks1 ,,pal,,ozoic4 ,v4 ,creation ( 7mollusks1 ,,fi%es1 ,,aquatic fi%es1 etc471 4444444444444444444444444444444444 ,,animals & & ,aquatic ,,reptiles1 ,,birds4 ,reptiles & ,,birds4 ,,mesozoic4 ,birds4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,v]s4 #bd-ca4 ,appe>ance ( ,age ( ,,vi4 ,creation ( ,mammals & ,,mammals4 ,c,,nozoic4 ,,l&-,,animals ,,man4 & ,,man4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,g54 ii4 #b1c4 ,reign ( ,man4 ,age ( ,,vii4 ,sabba? ,! ,sabba? ( ,,man4 ,,phr5ozoic4 ( ,,god4 ,creation4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- #b4 ,creation 0 cumulative--t is1 x 0 a succession ( beg9n+s or creative epo*s1 9 :i* new entities or new =ces 7 ins]t$ into ! already exi/+ sph]e ( nature1 c>ry+ x =w>d t[>d a nobl] end4 ,?is1 we ?9k1 is ! natural impression :i* ! read+ ( ,g54 i4 makes on ! unbias$ m9d4 ,ea* creative ^w appe>s z ! dynamical basis ( a real pr9cipium--a beg9n+ ( some?+ intr9sically new1 & :i* c n be conceiv$ z ! physical result ( any pre-exi/+ condition ( ?+s4#bja ,a new entity or a new =ce 01 z x 71 ins]t$ 9 ! ord] ( nature2 a new impulse 0 giv5 to matt]1 or a new direction to exi/+ =ces1 & f t initial po9t a new s]ies ( developm5ts1 :i* g on 9 accordance ) law--a new succession ( bir?s & gr[?s--fl[s on z a "p ( ! gr& totality ( effects we call nature4 ,?is is1 obvi\sly1 ! ,biblical conception4 ,"h creation does n pres5t itself z a necess>y evolution f a fir/ matt] or a fir/ =ce 9 unbrok5 cont9uity1 & )\t any sup]natural int]position4 ,"h are cle>ly def9$ creative epo*s1 new beg9n+s1 :i* h _! orig9 9 ! creative w & ^w ( ,god4 ,:at ^! beg9n+s 7 is a "q ( ! deepe/ int]e/4 ,a c>eful /udy ( ,g54 i4 & ii4 has l$ u to ! conclusion t !re is some?+ fundam5tal & radical 9 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! creative words ) b>a 77 & ^? ) yets> 77 & aysah 774 ,x is1 9 reality1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ,orig9ation de novo & ,=mation out ( pre-exi/+ mat]ials4 ,!re are ?ree in/ances 9 :i* b>a occurs 9 ,g54 i4 ,we are fully conv9c$ t 9 ea* case x d5otes ! orig9ation ( a new entity--a real addition to ! sum ( exi/5ce4 ,,fir/ ,,orig9ation 7,g54 i4 #a73 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! sub/ance or ess5ce ( ! heav5s & ! e>?4 ,?is is ! read+ ( ,p>khur/'s ,hebrew ,gramm> 7#ahac71 :i* has s9ce t "t be5 approv$ by able lexicograph]s & comm5tators4 ,"s ( ^! au?orities h be5 already pres5t$ to ! read]4#bjb ,b ev5 aside f philological consid]ations1 ! context =bids u to reg>d b>a "h z d5ot+ =mation1 = ! product ( t creative act 0 =mless & matt]-less2#bjc t is1 x 0 homog5e\s1 non-diff]5tiat$1 /ructureless1 & de/itute ( all s5sible quality--an abyss ( d>kness & dea?1 exhibit+ t sole condition ( matt]1 p]haps its only true indication1 namely1 in]tia4#bjd ,! fir/ creat$ elem5t 0 ! s+le omnipres5t fluid ,e!r1 out ( :i* all gross matt] 0 built by ! action ( =ce4 ,z we advance 9 ?is discussion we %all f9d t ?is is an op9ion :i* is ent]ta9$ by ! fir/ physici/s ( ! age1 z1 = example1 ,?omson1 ,tait1 ,maxwell1 ,*allis1 9 ,engl&1 & ,norton & ,h9ri* 9 ,am]ica4 ,,second ,,orig9ation 7,g54 i4 #ba73 ,& ,god creat$ ! great mon/]s1 & e liv+ s\l s\l ( life t move?4 ,! fir/ creat$ animals are "h mo/ c>efully d5ot$ z liv+ s\ls1 evid5tly to di/+ui% ! life n[ fir/ manife/$ 9 nature f ! molecul>1 bioplasmic life :i* organizes ! vegetable cell1 & builds up ! tissues ( ! animal body4 ,! life "h indicat$ has an individuality :i* sep>ates x f ! univ]sal life ( nature4 ,!re is n[ an immat]ial entity--a s\l1 :i* is an individualiz$ & indivisible c5tre ( =ce1 a s\l :i* has s5sation1 feel+1 p]ception1 & memory1 none ( :i* are prop]ties ( matt] or products ( organization4 ,! animal s\l is n mat]ial1 nei!r is x a function or ph5om5on ( organiz$ matt]2 x is a creation1 & !re=e b>a is "h significantly employ$ to d5ote ! orig9ation ( some?+ new2 a new p[] or pr9ciple is "h ins]t$ into ! sph]e ( exi/+ nature4 ,! second creat$ entity is animal life--,s\l--somatic life z di/9ct & di/+ui%able f vegetable1 molecul>1 bioplasmic life4 ,,?ird ,,orig9ation 7,g54 i4 #bg73 ,& ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image1 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ ,he him4 ,! entire p>agraph 7v]s4 #bf-bi7 is obvi\sly ! record ( a sup]natural orig9ation4 ,!re is a significance ev5 9 ! *ange ( ! creative ^w4 ,9 reg>d to prior & inf]ior exi/5ces ! language is1 ,let ! e>? br+ =?6 ,let ! wat]s br+ =?6 z ?\gh !re 7 "s p>turi5t p[] 9 nature1 or z ?\gh nature co-op]at$ ) & furni%$ ! conditions & means ( ! ,div9e effici5cy4 ,b :5 man is to be creat$ ! language is1 ,let u make man2 ?us plac+ ! orig9 ( man outside ! *a9 ( physical causation1 & ascrib+ x to ! imm$iate ag5cy ( ,god4 ,besides1 ! creation "h spok5 ( is ! production ( a spiritual1 n a mat]ial entity4 ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image4 ,?is creation c n be a =mation out ( a pre-exi/5t matt]1 = no =m ( matt] c possibly be> any resemblance to ,god 7,acts xvii4 #bi74 ,god is _s & man c be l ,god only 9 s f> z he is end[$ ) a spiritual nature4 ,_s alone c be> ! image ( ,god4 ,:atev] may be ! tea*+ ( ,g5esis z to ! orig9 ( ! human body1 be x a =mation or a developm5t1 !re is no unc]ta9ty 9 its language z to ! orig9 ( ! human _s4 ,x is an inbrea?+ f ,god4 ,x proce$$ directly f ,him4 ,by no m]e figure ( spee*1 b by a ,div9e reality ,god is ! ,fa!r ( spirits1 & man is ! (fspr+ & ! image ( ,god4 ,?is lik5ess ( ,god lifts man out ( ! sph]e ( m]e nature--x sets him ap>t 9 ! ess5tial *>act]i/ics & end[m5ts ( 8 be+ z above nature1 & 9 "s s5se div9e4 ,! ?ird creat$ entity is ,_s2 _s ) its reason1 its lib]ty1 its consci5ce1 its susceptibility ( ,div9e inspiration1 its capacity = endless progression 9 k & love4 ,"h1 !n1 are ?ree entities1 matt]1 life1 & m9d 7 body1 s\l1 & _s71 :i* _h _! beg9n+ 9 an act ( absolute creation1 & are !re=e to be reg>d$ z primordial ?+s4#bje ,_! exi/5ce is ! necess>y condition ( all subsequ5t =mative & develop+ production1 inasmu* z all =mation supposes a some?+ to be =m$1 & all evolution a some?+ involv$4 ,^! primordial entities are ! sub/ratum1 or gr\nd1 ( all ! m$iate ar*itectonic creation :i* is effect$ by ! mov+ & in=m+ pres5ce & ag5cy ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,?is leads u to ! consid]ation ( ^? creative words :i* are =mative1 & :i* always presuppose ! exi/5ce ( real entities z ! condition ( _! effici5cy2 z1 = example1 ,let !re be light2 ,let !re be an expanse 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]s2 ,let ! dry l& appe>2 ,let !re be lum9>ies 9 ! expanse ( heav54 ,all ! divid+s1 ! ga!r+s1 ! organiz+s1 ! orda9+s1 & collocations suppose ! prior exi/5ce ( matt]4 ,we h se5 t ! fir/ act ( absolute creation--! beg9n+ ( all beg9n+s--0 ! orig9ation ( t my/]i\s entity :i* is ! recipi5t ( impulse1 or en]gy1 & ! physical sub/ratum ( all s5sible ph5om5a4 ,f ?is initial po9t1 ! fir/ =mative act 0 ! mov+ or brood+ ( ! ,_s ( ,god ^u ! face ( ! abyss4 ,all ! qualities :i* matt] pres5ts to ! s5ses1 all physical ph5om5a1 are ! result ( ?is action ( ! ,deity ^u matt]--t is1 !y are all manife/ations ( =ce4#bjf ,by v>i\s motions ( ! nature ( eddies 7vortices7 ! qualities ( cohesion1 ela/icity1 h>dness1 weight1 mass1 or o!r univ]sal prop]ties ( matt]1 are giv5 to small portions ( ! fluid e!r :i* con/itute ! *emical atoms1 & ^! by modifications 9 _! comb9ation1 =m1 & movem5t produce all ! accid5tal ph5om5a ( gross matt]2 & ! prim>y fluid by o!r motions transmits light1 radiant heat1 magnetism1 & gravitation4#bjg ,! fir/ di/9ct creative =mation 0 molecul> & radiant en]gy4 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be light4 ,by ?is light we are n to und]/& light 9 its te*nical s5se z di/+ui%$ f heat1 b r z includ+ heat1 su* light1 9 fact1 z we meet ) 9 nature 9 ! light ( ! sun1 ! same ,hebrew ^w 77 be+ us$ = bo?4 ,! second di/9ct creative =mation 0 t wond]ful me*anical comb9ation ( *emical elem5ts we call ! atmosph]e4 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be an expanse 9 ! mid/ ( ! vapors1 & let x be a division ( vapors f vapors4 ,! ,creator has end[$ ! oxyg5 & nitrog5 ( ! atmosph]e ) ! p[] ( reta9+ ! a]i=m condition "u all circum/ances1 :ile ! aque\s vapor is liable to v great fluctuation4 ,7 !re no air surr\nd+ ! globe1 ! quantity ( vapor w\ld adju/ itself almo/ in/antane\sly to any v>iation ( temp]ature1 & ! maximum am\nt possible w\ld always be pres5t at any giv5 place2 !re c\ld !n be no cl\ds & no g5ial %[]s ( diffusive ra94 ,an elevation ( temp]ature w\ld be att5d$ by rapid evaporation1 & ! am\nt ( wat] requir$ to fill ! space w\ld sudd5ly fla% into vapor2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 a correspond+ depression ( temp]ature w\ld be accompani$ by an equally sudd5 precipitation ( ! aque\s vapor1 n 9 g5ial %[]s1 b t]rific torr5ts4444 ,! drops1 fall+ )\t resi/ance1 w\ld be z de/ructive 9 _! effects z volleys ( lead5 %ot4#bjh ,! pres5ce ( a d5se m$ium1 su* z ! atmosph]e1 ret>ds ^! sudd5 *anges1 & det]m9es ! =mation ( cl\ds4 ,?us ! expanse is admirably adapt$ to ! creative purposes ( divid+ ! wat]s f ! wat]s4 ,! ?ird creative =mation 0 ! *emical comp\nds & _! mol> aggregation 9 l& & seas4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! wat]s bel[ ! expanse be ga!r$ toge!r unto "o place1 & let ! dry gr\nd appe>4 ,! *emical reactions1 cry/allizations1 precipitations1 & s$im5t>y accumulations involv$ 9 ! creative =mation are admirably sket*$ 9 ,*4 ,,vi4 ( ,dr4 ,w9*ell's ,sket*es ( ,creation4 ,! transmutation ( ! prim>y fluid into gross matt] 0 some?+ m ?an a natural evolution--x 0 a creative action1#bji & ! exact num]ical proportions 9 :i* ! *emical elem5ts comb9e mu/ be ! result ( a di/9ct creative impulse4 ,! f\r? creative =mation 0 bioplasm1 or t vitaliz$ g]m9al matt] :i* is in/rum5tal 9 build+ up ! tissues & organs ( plants 7& animals74 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! l& spr\t =? spr\ts2 h]bs se$+ se$1 fruit-trees produc+ fruit aft] _! k9d :]e9 is _! se$4 ,! vital =ce :i* is conc]n$ 9 ! =mation ( bioplasm 7vitaliz$ matt]7 mu/ be reg>d$ z di/9ct1 on ! "o h&1 f ! physical =ces :i* are effici5t 9 ! comb9ations & aggregations ( non-liv+ matt]1#baj &1 on ! o!r h&1 f t s5ti5t1 p]cipi5t1 self-mov+ pr9ciple :i* con/itutes ! animal s\l4 ,! 'life' ( a man or an animal is v diff]5t f :at is t]m$ ! 'life' ( a :ite blood1 or a mucus1 or a pus corpuscle2 inasmu* z _m hundr$s ( :ite blood corpuscles1 or elem5tal units ( ! tissues1 might die 9 man )\t affect+ ! 'life' ( ! man2 moreov] ! man himself might p]i%1 & "s ( ! corpuscles rema9 alive4444 ,by ! life ( a man 7or an animal7 some?+ v diff]5t is meant f :at we und]/& by ! life ( ea* elem5tal unit ( ! organism1 & ! diff]5ce is n m]ely ( degree b ( k9d4#baa ,bioplasm1 or cell-life1 is g5]ic2 s\l-life is specific1 individual1 & indivisible4 ,! =m] we reg>d z ! direct effect ( ! ,div9e life1 imman5t 9 nature2 ! latt] is an individualiz$ c5tre ( =ce1 a delegation ( ,div9e p[] "u limits ( necessity4 ,! physical =ces are ! action ( ,god ^u matt]1 ! vital =ce is ! imman5ce ( ,god 9 matt]4 ,! fir/ is me*anical1 ! second is vito-dynamical4 ,! fif? creative =mation 0 ! adju/m5t ( ! cosmical relations ( ! heav5ly bodies1 & ! e/abli%m5t ( su* atmosph]ic conditions z r5d]$ ! sun & moon ! lum9>ies1 or light-be>]s1 to ! e>?4 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be lum9>ies 9 ! expanse ( heav5 to divide ! day & night4 ,:at ^! adju/m5ts & collocations 71 we are n able to say4 ,! ultimate cause ( ! sun's lum9osity is yet an unsolv$ problem4 ,no explanation ?us f> (f]$ has be5 accept$ z adequate by ! majority ( sci5tific m54 ,! /atem5t ( ,g5esis1 :i* ascribes ! appo9tm5t ( ! sun & moon to be light-be>]s to ! e>? to a di/9ct creative =mation ( "s k9d1 is n1 !re=e1 invalidat$ by sci5ce4 ,! six? creative =mation 0 ! mat]ial organisms ( ! v>i$ species ( liv+ s\ls :i* p ! wat]s2 ! sev5?1 ( ^? :i* p ! air2 ! eigh?1 ( ^? :i* p ! l&4 ,! f9al creative =mation 0 ! body ( man1 into :i* ,god brea!d ! brea? ( lives1 & 9 consequ5ce ( :i* he became n m]ely a liv+ s\l1 b a spiritual p]sonality1 a _s-be+4 ,! "q :e!r ! mat]ial organisms 9 :i* ! v>i$ species ( liv+ s\ls are embodi$ 7 ea* ! product ( a special creation1 or :e!r lat] & high] organisms 7 d]iv$ f prior & l[] organisms by filiation1 s t new species are new bir?s1 is ( little consequ5ce to ! int]pretation ( ,g5esis4 ,! ess5tial elem5t ( species is a spiritual entity4 ,specific exi/5ce is a positive exi/5ce1 an immat]ial exi/5ce1#bab a s\l ( life4 ,x is n1 says ,dr4 ,w9*ell1 a primordial organic =m3 x is ! life embodi$ )9 t =m--! pr9ciple :i* rules its exi/5ce1 m\lds its features1 det]m9es its in/9cts1 & cons]ves its specific & individual id5tity4 ,x is ! pr9ciple embodi$ 9 ! ovum--(t5 a m]e microscopic organism--:i* unfail+ly holds fa/ to ! specific type1 & ?r\gh all embryonic & immature exi/5ce guides ! progress ( developm5t 9 "o direction1 t[>d "o end4 ,"h is m ?an matt]3 "h is a p[] :i* controls matt]1 controls *emi/ry--manife/s its sup]iority to body1 & ass]ts its dignity z _s4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( a g5etic connection f ! l[e/ to ! highe/ mat]ial organism w\ld n decide ! "q z to ! orig9 ( species4 ,! orig9 ( species lies back ( all mat]ial organisms4 ,! species is a spiritual g]m1 :i* acts ^u & fa%ions ! mat]ial elem5ts1 & ?r\gh !m expresses its own *>act]i/ics4 ,t !re=e :i* con/itutes man a di/9ct species is n to be s\ght 9 anatomical peculi>ities1 b 9 spiritual attributes4 ,x is ! image ( ,god & ! inspiration ( ,god :i* lifts man out ( m]e animal nature & makes him a peculi> species--"o g5us1 & t g5us ! only "o ( ! ord]4#bac ,nor w\ld ?is title be affect$ by any !ory ab\t ! mode ( ! creation ( 8 body4 ,!re w\ld be no?+ m d]ogatory to ,omnipot5ce1 or ev5 to human nature1 9 ! conjecture t man did n become a liv+ p]sonal _s until he _h pass$ ?r\gh v>i\s /ages ( animal life1 ?an 9 ! doctr9e t he 0 fa%ion$ imm$iately out ( ! du/ ( ! e>?4 ,!re is z mu* dignity1 or1 if ! read] please1 z mu* humility ( orig9 9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r4 ,! =m] is an extraord9>y bir?1 consequ5t on "s my/]i\s action ( ! ,deity on ! c\rse ( nature2 ! latt] is a miracul\s =mation4 ,! ,hebrew text is z favorable to ! "o hypo!sis z to ! o!r4 ,! preposition (1 or out (1 is n au?oriz$ by ! orig9al4 ,dr4 ,:$on reads ! :ole passage z foll[s3 ,& ,god develop$ ! man--du/ ( ! e>?--& brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( lives1 & ! man became to a liv+ p]son4#bad ,if ! body ( ! second ,adam1 ! ,div9e ,man1 0 a bir? 7a miracul\s bir?71 we d n see t any "o ne$ be %ock$ at ! sugge/ion t ! body ( ! fir/ ,adam 0 also an extraord9>y or sup]natural bir?4 ,sci5ce may h free scope to settle ! problem on purely inductive gr\nds4 ,! foll[+ s*eme w exhibit our conception ( ! cumulative "* ( ! creative developm5t3 ,,orig9ations477 ,,=mations 7 74 ,primal ,! ,_s ( ,god ,elem5t4 ,,mov$ ^u ! face ( ! abyss4 ,,me*anical4444444444,,en]gy4 ,,=ce1 4 4 ,vortex 4 ,motion1 ,,*emical ,,atoms4 4 4 ,molecul> ,,s5sible ,,& 4 ,en]gy1 ,,lat5t ,,heat4 ,,e!r4444444444444444444444444444 ,radiant ,en]gy1 ,,radiant ,,heat ,,& ,,light4 ,mol> ,,air1 ,en]gy1 ,,wat]1 ,,l& & ,,seas4 ,,vital ,,=ce4444444444,vitality44444,,bioplasm ,,plants4 _/ _/ 4 ,,mollusks1 4 ,,fi%es1 ,,liv+4444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444 ,,reptiles1 ,,s\l1 ,,birds1 ,,mammals1 _/ _/ 44 ,,rational444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444,,man4 ,,_s1 ,,inspiration4 #c4 ,creation 0 consecutive4 ,! creative epo*s foll[ ea* o!r 9 a manife/ ,ord] ( ,?\ght4 ,! reasons = ?is ord] are obvi\s on ! face ( ! sacr$ n>rative1 s t we are con/ra9$ to reg>d ! creative process z ! realization ( a purpose1 ! developm5t ( a =ese5 & pr$et]m9$ plan4 ,?is is cle>ly manife/ f ! aptly /yl$ pauses ( contemplation :i* occur 9 ! progress ( ! sacr$ n>rative4 ,at ea* /age ( ! creative "w ! ,deity is repres5t$ z survey+ t already f9i%$1 & pron\nc+ x good 7 1 fair & good74 ,?is may seem /range :5 view$ ap>t f ! complet$ plan4 ,:at good1 "o might ask1 is ! light :5 !re is no eye to see8 ,:at good ! expanse ( heav51 ! l& & seas1 ) none to inhabit !m8 ,:at good ! plants ) none to use !m8 ,b ! ,intellig5ce t =esaw ! end t[>d :i* ! creative process 0 t5d+ c\ld recognize ! fitness & ! beauty ( ea* new elem5t ( creation z contribut+ to t complet$ :ole1 :i*1 :5 realiz$1 is pron\nc$ v good4 ,?us ea* /age ( ! advanc+ "w ( creation is pron\nc$ good 9 view ( its subord9ation to ! ultimate purpose1 :i* is ! highe/ good4 ,ea* is a /ep upw>d & onw>d1 & is good z a prep>ation & a means = a bett] t is yet to come4 ,?us ! read+ ( ! sacr$ ,hymn ( ,creation leaves ! decid$ impression t a *a9 ( subord9ation & int]dep5d5ce runs ?r\gh ! entire organic & inorganic creation1 b9d+ ! :ole toge!r 9 an ideal unity4 ,all ! laws & results ( ! pa/ are br\ght =w>d1 & become a prelude & a prep>ation = ! future developm5ts4 ,! e>li] /ages ( ! creation furni% ! conditions = ! lat] /ages1 & are 9 "s s5se a prophecy ( :at is to come4 ,! successive /ages ( creation are ?us results1 9 "p1 ( a nature--a con/itution & ord] ( ?+s already e/abli%$1 & 9 "p ( a new impulse c>ry+ nature =w>d t[>d ! pr$e/9at$ goal4 ,! m ext5d$ our acqua9tance ) ! actual economy ( nature1 ! m does ! subord9ation & int]dep5d5ce ( ! creative epo*s become manife/1 & ! m are we conv9c$ t ! law ( consecution :i* reveals itself 9 ! sacr$ n>rative is a real law ( ! univ]se4 ,! exi/5ce ( radiant en]gy 7heat & light71 is ! fundam5tal precondition ( all ! subsequ5t creative =mations4 ,x is m univ]sal ?an gravitation1 & absolutely co-ext5sive ) ! univ]se1#bae ! connect+ bond betwe5 all worlds4 ,x det]m9es ! temp]ature ( space1 ( ! atmosph]e1 & ( ! e>?1 &1 9 fact1 mo/ ( ! ph5om5a ( meteorology4 ,x is ess5tial to ! life & gr[? ( ! plant1 & ultimately ( ! animal2 )\t x1 inde$1 no life c\ld exi/ ^u ! e>?4 ,next 9 importance is ! atmosph]e1 :i* has peculi> relations to light & heat4 ,x s(t5s ! int5sity ( light1 & diffuses x 9 e direction2 x absorbs & reta9s heat1 &1 infold+ ! e>? z ) a mantle1 keeps x w>m4 ,x conditions ! =mation ( cl\ds1 & det]m9es ! fall ( g5ial %[]s4 ,x is ! m$ium 9 :i* combu/ion & *ange1 & all ! ph5om5a ( life1 take place4 ,its oxyg5 has be5 ! *ief _w-build]1 & its nitrog5 has be5 aptly /yl$ ! zog5 or g5]ator ( life4 ,! ga!r+ ( ! wat]s into lakes & seas1 ! ph5om5a ( aque\s circulation1 ! =mation ( soils ?r\gh its ag5cy--^! 7 all preconditions ( vegetable life4 ,reason+ d$uctively1 x is equally presumable t vegetable life prec$$ animal life 9 ord] ( appe>ance4444 ,vegetation is capable ( draw+ its su/5ance f ! m9]al _w1 :ile animals rely exclusively ^u organic food4 ,! vegetable /&s betwe5 ! animal & ! m9]al1 p]=m+ a sort ( commiss>y function 9 behalf ( ! animal4 ,! animal--ev5 ! c>nivor\s animal--implies ! vegetable4 ,all ?+s consid]$1 we are l$ to believe t plant life _h a hi/ory ^u our e>? a full epo* be=e ! exi/5ce ( animals4#baf ,f9ally1 all geological prep>ations & ideas conv]ge 9 man4 ,! b5efic5t provisions ( ! e>?'s cru/ n only prophesy man1 b !y rea* _! f9ality 9 man4 ,x 0 only = human uses t ! coal 0 treasur$ 9 ! recesses ( ! e>?2 = human uses alone ! m\nta9s h lift$ up _! burd5s ( iron2 = human uses only ! gr&e/ movem5ts ( geological hi/ory elaborat$ & di/ribut$ ! soils4 ,x is only = man t ! =e/s yield _! abundant supplies ( timb] & fuel4 ,= man ! edible & m$ic9al vegetables 7 provid$4 ,= man ! natures ( ! dome/ic animals 7 m\ld$1 & _! dome/ic atta*m5ts are direct$ to no o!r be+4#bag ,?us ?r\gh ! long ages ( geological "t ! e>? 0 prep>+ = ! dwell+-place ( man1 & 9 ! e>lie/ =ms ( animal life 8 com+ 0 prefigur$ & =etold4 #d4 ,! complet$ creation is a ,div9e h>mony4 ,?is is ! abid+ impression :i* ! sublime ,psalm ( ,creation leaves ^u our m9ds z we close ! book4 ,x has taught u ?is f9al lesson1 t ! univ]se is ! manife/ation ( "o gr& creative ?\ght1 z compreh5sive 9 ! div]sity ( its p>ts z x is complete 9 ! unity ( its plan4 ,we le>n1 n m]ely t ,god made all ! p>ts ( ! univ]se1 b t ,he made ea* "p = a specific purpose1 & t all ! sep>ate & successive p>ts are *ords 9 nature's music1 p>ts ( creation's an!m ( p]petual praise4 ,! ,symbolical ,hymn ( ,creation1 ) its /rik+ p>allelisms1 its balance & correlation ( p>ts1 its h>monic numb]s 7#c & #g & #aj1 ! symbols ( p]fection71 its pauses & refra9s1 its rhy?m & unity symbolizes ! univ]sal preval5ce ( ,law 9 nature2 reveals a *angeless ,ord] 9 respect to space & "t1 to numb] & =m2 sugge/s h>moni\s relations betwe5 t]re/rial conditions & cosmical adju/m5ts1 betwe5 organic & inorganic exi/5ce1 & accords ) ! wond]ful rhy?m :i* p]vades ! ,cosmos4 ,! glori\s mansion is fir/ built1 !n furni%$4 ,a triad ( days is devot$ to its ar*itecture1 a triad to its occupants4 ,! =m] describes a s]ies ( divid+s & comb9+s1 ! latt] portrays a s]ies ( =mations & vivifications4 ,! la/ day ( ea* era includes "o "w typical ( ! era1 & ano!r relat$ to x 9 ess5tial po9ts1 b also prophetic ( ! future4 ,vegetation1 :ile1 = physical reasons1 a "p ( ! creation ( ! ?ird day1 0 also prophetic ( ! future ,organic era1 9 :i* ! progress ( life 0 ! gr& *>act]i/ic4 ,! record ?us accords ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciple 9 hi/ory t ! *>act]i/ic ( an age has its beg9n+s )9 ! age prec$+4 ,s1 aga91 man1 :ile l o!r mammals 9 /ructure1 ev5 to ! homologies ( e bone & muscle1 0 end[$ ) a spiritual nature :i* look$ =w>d to ano!r era1 t ( spiritual exi/5ce4 ,! sev5? day1 ! day ( re/ f ! "w ( creation1 is man's p]iod ( prep>ation = t new exi/5ce1 & x is to promote ?is special end t1 9 /rict p>allelism1 ! ,sabba? foll[s man's six days ( "w4#bah ,! foll[+ s*eme w exhibit ! complet5ess ( ! p>allelism3 ,,inorganic ,,era4 ,,organic ,,era4 ,i4 ,day44444,,lum9osity4 ,,iv4 ,day4444,,lum9>ies ,,ii4 ,day4444,,wat]1 ,v4 ,day444,,m>9e ,,animals1 ,,reptiles1 ,,atmosph]e4 ,,birds4 ,,iii4 ,day44444,,dry ,,l& ,,vi4 ,day4444,,mammals ,,vegetation4 ,,man4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,note4 ,! ,pr9ciple ( ,teleology n affect$ by ! ,!ory ( ,evolution4--,x is necess>y to rem>k t !re is a wid] teleology :i* is n t\*$ by ! doctr9e ( evolution1 b is actually bas$ ^u ! fundam5tal proposition ( evolution4444 ,! teleological & ! me*anical views ( nature are n necess>ily mutually exclusive2 on ! contr>y1 ! m purely a me*ani/ ! speculator is1 ! m firmly does he assume a primordial molecul> arrangem5t1 ( :i* all ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se are ! consequ5ces2 & ! m completely !reby is he at ! m]cy ( ! teleologi/1 :o c always defy him to disprove t ?is primordial molecul> arrangem5t 0 n int5d$ to evolve ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se4--,pr(4 ,huxley1 9 ,! ,academy = ,octob]1 #ahfi1 ,no4 #a1 p4 #ac4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,cons]vation4--,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,god ,,to ,,! ,,_w4 ,! relations :i* unite ! creature & ! ,creator compose a problem obscure & delicate1 ! two extreme solutions ( :i* are equally false & p]il\s3 on ! "o h&1 a ,god s passes into ! _w t ,he seems to be absorb$ 9 x2 on ! o!r h&1 a ,god s sep>at$ f ! _w1 t ! _w has ! appe>ance ( go+ on )\t ,him2 on bo? sides !re is equal excess1 equal dang]1 equal error4--,,c\s94 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt]s we h endeavor$ to pres5t ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e conc]n+ ,god1 & conc]n+ ! _w z ! "w ( ,god4 ,god is a p]son--! uncondition$ ,p]sonality1 all ( ^: det]m9ations are f ,himself4 ,& creation is ! volunt>y act ( ,god1 :o freely *ooses to aw>d exi/5ce to o!r be+s di/9ct f ,himself4 ,if our sci5tific conceptions are 9 h>mony ) ?is doctr9e1 we are safe f ! temptations ( mat]ialism on ! "o h&1 & pro( aga9/ ! s$uctions ( pan!ism on ! o!r4 ,h5ce=? we mu/ reg>d ! uncondition$ ,be+ z ess5tially di/9ct f ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,matt] ) its ph5om5a is limit$ 9 ext5t & duration1 ,god is inf9ite & et]nal4 ,ext5sion is n an attribute ( ! ,div9e sub/ance4 ,succession is n a mode ( ,god's et]nity4 ,! ,div9e life inf9itely transc5ds ! dynamical life ( ! univ]se4 ,/ill !re is "s connection1 "s relation betwe5 ,god & ! _w4 ,( ?is we h ! fulle/ assurance1 h[ev] incapable we may be ( compreh5d+ ! mode4 ,! mat]ial univ]se is ! product ( ! ,div9e effici5cy1 & !re=e ! fir/ & mo/ fundam5tal relation ( ,god to ! _w is t ( causality4 ,! univ]se exi/s solely ?r\gh ! w ( ,god4 ,x _h a beg9n+1 & ! beg9n+ ( ! _w 0 ! beg9n+ ( "t4 ,prior to t beg9n+ !re 0 no succession1 no limitation1 no f9ite exi/5ce2 only ! et]nal & inf9ite ,"o4 ,! creative effici5cy 0 put =?1 & matt]1 z ! /atical condition necess>y to ! manife/ation ( physical ph5om5a1 began to be4 ,! ,_s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! =mless abyss1 & ph5om5al *ange comm5c$ its hi/ory4 ,) motion & consequ5t succession !re arose ! relations ( "t4 ,) ! diff]5tiation & collocation ( matt] !re arose ! relations ( space4 ,& ! weal? & fullness ( inorganic & organic nature sprang up "u ! directive1 =mative1 & vitaliz+ en]gy ( ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,b is !re no fur!r relation ( ,god to ! _w1 beyond t :i* is involv$ 9 ! prim>y & solit>y fact ( creative causality8 ,did ! connection ( ,god ) 8 works t]m9ate 9 an ev5t :i* belongs to ! inapproa*able pa/8 ,did ! ,creator1 9 ! beg9n+1 give self-be+ to ! sub/ance ( ! univ]se1 & end[ x ) active =ces1 s t x c exi/ & act ap>t f & indep5d5t ( ,god8 ,h ! laws ( nature a real effici5cy1 s t ! fur!r ag5cy ( ,god is disp5s$ )1 & ! univ]se c pursue a fix$ & inevitable pa? ( self-developm5t )\t 8 control & ov]sight8 ,or is ,god /ill imman5t 9 nature1 uphold+ all sub/ance1 ! p[] ( all =ce1 ! life ( all life1 %ap+ all =ms1 & organiz+ all sy/ems8 ,9 a ^w1 has ! ,div9e effici5cy rema9$1 s9ce ! fir/ creative act1 9 sublime repose1 or does ! ,fa!r "w hi!rto1 su/a9+1 mov+1 vitaliz+1 & p]fect+ ! univ]se--! ,cons]vator1 z well z ! ,creator1 ( all ?+s8 ,?is is ! liv+ "q ( our times1 :e!r view$ f ! sci5tific or ! !ological /&-po9t4 ,! m5tal po/ure we assume 9 relation to ?is "q mu/ det]m9e our sy/ems ( philosophy & religion4 ,! language ( ,scripture on ?is po9t is direct & explicit1 & unless our int]pretation !re( ne$s to be modifi$ 9 ord] to place x 9 h>mony ) ! g5]al _s & t5or ( ,*ri/ian tea*+1 or ) ! unque/ionable facts ( nature1 :i* are also a revelation ( ,god1 !re c be no difficulty 9 det]m9+ ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god's relation to ! _w4 ,x tea*es u1 n only t all ?+s 7 made by ,god1 b t all ?+s are su/a9$ by ,god4 ,god is /ill ! fir/ & imm$iate cause ( all exi/5ce4 ,he give? to all life1 & brea?1 & all ?+s 7,acts xvii4 #be74 ,! creat$ univ]se is 9 complete & ceaseless dep5d5ce on ! ,div9e causality2 x consi/s by ! same w & ! same ^w by :i* x 0 fir/ orig9at$4 ,he :o made all ?+s1 cont9ues to uphold all ?+s by ! ^w ( 8 p[] 7,heb4 i4 #c74 ,he is be=e all ?+s1 & by ,him all ?+s consi/ 7,col4 i4 #ag74 ,! univ]se is n self-exi/5t1 nor self-evolv$1 nei!r has x any inh]5t p[] ( self-p]petuation4 ,not)/&+ ! individuality & self-life conc$$ to ! creature1 x has no indep5d5t exi/5ce ap>t f ,god1 = ( ,him1 & ?r\gh ,him1 & = ,him are all ?+s1 to :om be glory =ev]4 7,rom4 xi4 #cf47 ,! recognition ( a real pres5ce ( ,god 9 nature1 & ( ! imm$iate ag5cy ( ,god 9 ! production ( all natural ph5om5a1 has be5 a *>act]i/ic ( ! religi\s consci\sness 9 all ages4 ,?is consci\sness ( ! pres5ce ( ,god embrac+ & su/a9+ all worldly be+ is1 9 fact1 an ess5tial cont5t ( all vital piety4 ,x is only a me*anical deism1 a b>r5 rationali/ic !ology1 or a piety meagre 9 ! la/ degree1 :i* has int]pos$ a *asm betwe5 ,god & 8 creatures4 ,! religi\s _s is rem>kably develop$ 9 ! ,psalms ( ,david1 & "h all ! op]ations ( nature are spok5 ( z ! op]ations ( ,deity4 ,! ?und] is ! voice ( ,god4 ,! lightn+s are 8 arr[s4 ,! e>?quakes & volcanoes are produc$ directly by ,him4 ,he looke? on ! e>?1 & x tremble?2 ,he t\*e? ! hills1 & !y smoke4 ,he give? sn[ l wool1 ,he scatt]e? ! ho>-fro/ l a%es1 ,he ca/e? =? 8 ice l morsels2 :o c /& be=e 8 cold8 ,he cause? 8 w9ds to bl[1 & ! wat]s fl[4 ,he cov]e? ! heav5s ) cl\ds1 ,he prep>e? ra9 = ! e>?4 ,he wat]e? ! hills f 8 *amb]s1 ! e>? is satisfi$ ) ! fruit ( 8 "w4 ,he cause? grass to gr[ = ! cattle1 & h]b = ! s]vice ( man4 ,he give? to ! bea/ 8 food1 & to ! "y rav5s :i* cry4 ,all creatures wait ^u ,him1 & ,he give? !m _! meat 9 due season4 ,he op5e? 8 h&1 !y are fill$ ) good4 ,he hide? 8 face1 & !y are tr\bl$4 ,he take? away _! brea?1 !y die & return to ! du/4 ,he s5de? =? 8 ,_s1 & !y are creat$2 & ,he r5ewe? ! face ( ! e>?4 ,to ! eye ( ! inspir$ writ]1 ! ag5cy ( ,god is conc]n$ 9 e process & e product ( nature4 ,!re are div]sities ( op]ations1 b x is ! same ,god :o worke? all 9 all4 ,8 w & 8 p[] are ! only real =ces 9 nature4 ,! int]pretation :i* ! ,*ur* has giv5 ( ?is tea*+ ( ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures has be5 rem>kably uni=m ?r\gh ! ages4 ,%e has always taught t ! cont9uance ( ! _w1 no less ?an its orig9ation1 has its gr\nd 9 ! ,div9e causality2 & e !ory ( ! relation ( ,god to ! _w :i* has sacrific$ ! doctr9e ( ! all-embrac+1 all-su/a9+ pres5ce ( ,god 9 ! univ]se1 z an imm$iate & real effici5cy1 has always be5 reject$ z ,pelagian1 ,rationali/ic1 or ,dei/ic4 ,! conception ( ! ,div9e cons]vation ( ! _w z ! simple1 uni=m1 & univ]sal ag5cy ( ,god su/a9+ all creat$ sub/ances & p[]s 9 e mom5t ( _! exi/5ce & activity1 is ! ca?olic doctr9e ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 attempt+ ! difficult1 p]haps impossible task ( conceiv+ ! mode ( ?is ,div9e cons]vation1 diff]5t !ories h be5 develop$4 ,b :atev] ! conception =m$1 :e!r t ( ! ,div9e co-op]ation 7concursus ,dei g5]alis71 z taught by ,/4 ,augu/9e & ! ,s*oolm52 or t ( a ,div9e int]m$iate impulse 7impulsus non cog5s71 z taught by ,lu!r2 or t ( ! ,div9e su/5tation 7su/5tatio ,dei71 z held by ! ,arm9ians2 or ev5 t ( ! sup]9t5d5ce & control ( ! ,deity1 z adopt$ by "s mod]n religi\s sci5ti/s1#bai !y all repose on ! ultimate tru? t :atev] is creat$ c h no necess>y or indep5d5t exi/5ce2 ! same p[] :i* call$ x into be+ mu/ cont9ue to uphold x 9 be+2 & 7 ,god to )draw 8 cons]v+ effici5cy ! creature w\ld be imm$iately annihilat$4#bbj ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ! fa!r ( sy/ematic !ology1 conceiv$ ! ,div9e cons]vation ( ! _w z a cont9ual creation 7creatio cont9ua74 ,he taught t ! life & activity ( ! creatures1 collectively & individually1 are ceaselessly & absolutely dep5d5t on & condition$ by ! almighty & omnipres5t ag5cy ( ,god4 ,7 ,he to )draw f ! _w 8 creative p[]1 x w\ld /raightway lapse into no?+ness4#bba ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ! ,angelical ,doctor1 :o is reg>d$ z hav+ br\ght ,s*ola/ic !ology to its highe/ developm5t1 held ! same views on ?is subject z ,augu/9e4 ,he taught t pres]vation is an ev]-r5ew$ creation4#bbb ,all creaturely causes d]ive _! effici5cy directly & cont9ually f ! ,fir/ ,cause4#bbc ,!ological writ]s ( m rec5t times h ass5t$ to ^! views ) notable uni=mity4 ,dr4 ,samuel ,cl>ke1 ! intimate fri5d ( ,newton1 ^: ,lectures on ! ,be+ & ,attributes ( ,god1 & on ! ,evid5ces ( ,natural & ,reveal$ ,religion1 secur$ = him a ,european r5[n z a ,*ri/ian philosoph]1 /ates ! doctr9e ( ! imm$iate ag5cy ( ! ,deity ) rem>kable explicitness4 ,all ?+s t are done 9 ! _w are done ei!r imm$iately by ,god ,himself1 or by creat$ intellig5t be+s4 ,matt] be+ evid5tly n capable ( any laws or p[]s :atsoev]1 any m ?an x is capable ( intellig5ce1 except only ?is "o negative p[]1 t e "p ( x w ( itself always & necess>ily cont9ue 9 t /ate1 :e!r ( re/ or motion1 :]e9 x at pres5t is4 ,s t all ^? ?+s :i* we commonly say are ! effects ( ! natural p[]s ( matt] & laws ( motion1 ( gravitation1 attraction1 or ! l1 are inde$ 7if we w speak /rictly & prop]ly7 ! effect ( ,god's act+ ^u matt] cont9ually & e mom5t1 ei!r imm$iately by ,himself1 or m$iately by "s creat$ intellig5t be+s4444 ,consequ5tly !re is no su* ?+ z :at we commonly call ! c\rse ( nature1 or ! p[] ( nature4 ,! c\rse ( nature1 truly & prop]ly speak+1 is no?+ else b ! w ( ,god1 produc+ c]ta9 effects 9 a cont9u$1 regul>1 con/ant1 & uni=m mann]4#bbd ,dr4 ,cl>ke may prop]ly be reg>d$ z ! repres5tative ( ! metaphysico-!ological ?\ght ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,no apology is ne$$ at ?is h\r = pres5t+ ,john ,wesley z ! be/ repres5tative ( ! evangelical movem5t ( ! eighte5? c5tury :i* adh]$ firmly to ! ipsissima v]ba ( ! sacr$ writ]s4 ,he expresses ! evangelical conception ) admirable cle>ness & =ce3 ,god is also ! support] ( all ! ?+s :i* ,he has made4 ,he be>e?1 upholde?1 su/a9e? all creat$ ?+s by ! ^w ( 8 p[]2 by ! same p[]ful ^w :i* br\ght !m out ( no?+4 ,z ?is 0 absolutely necess>y = ! beg9n+ ( _! exi/5ce1 x is equally s = ! cont9uance ( x2 7 8 almighty influ5ce )drawn1 !y c\ld n subsi/ a mom5t long]4444 ,he pres]ves !m 9 _! sev]al relations1 connections1 & dep5d5cies1 s z to compose "o sy/em ( be+s1 to =m "o entire univ]se1 accord+ to ! c\nsel ( 8 w4444 ,he is ! true au?or ( all ! motion 9 ! univ]se4 ,all matt] ( :atev] k9d is absolutely & totally in]t4 ,x does n1 c n 9 any case move itself4444 ,nei!r ! sun1 moon1 nor />s move !mselves4 ,!y are mov$ e mom5t by ! ,almighty h& t made !m4#bbe ,^! views are e>ne/ly ma9ta9$ by ,nitzs* & ,mll]1 ,*alm]s & ,h>ris1 ,"y & ,:$on1 ,*ann+ & ,m>t9eau4 ,! religi\s life ( ! pres5t age1 9 all its pure/ & mo/ vigor\s manife/ations1 /ill cl+s ) passionate ardor to ! belief t ,god is e :]e pres5t1 & t ! ceaseless1 uni=m1 & direct ag5cy ( ,god is /ill uphold+1 mov+1 vivify+1 & controll+ all ?+s4 ,! h>p ( ,david is re/rung & swept ) a firm] h&4 ,x r+s ) nobl] conceptions1 & swells into div9] h>monies4 ,god is recogniz$ z above all1 ?r\gh all1 & 9 all4 ,9 ,him we live & move1 & h our be+4 ,! ,*ri/ian /ill believes1 ) a full] & ri*] assurance1 t ,god's pres5ce-- ,w>ms 9 ! sun1 refre%es 9 ! breeze4 ,gl[s 9 ! />s1 & blossoms 9 ! trees4 ,he /ill he>s ! voice ( ,god 9 ! ?und] at midnight1 & 9 ! ru/l+ ( ! =e/ leaves at noonday4 ,he sees ! beauty ( ,god 9 ! sil5t faces ( ! cl\ds1 & 9 ! virg9 blu% ( ! solit>y fl[]4 ,he sees ! life ( ,god 9 ! activities ( organic nature1 & m>ks 8 p[] & pres5ce 9 ! fall+ ra9 & noiseless dew1 ! fl[+ riv] & ! re/less ocean4 ,! seasons1 z !y come r\nd to him 9 _! grateful vicissitudes1 br+ to him fre% tok5s ( ! goodness ( ,god1 & inspire him ) p]5nial joy4 ,^! z !y *ange1 ,almighty ,fa!r1 ^! ,are b ! v>i$ ,god4 ,! roll+ ye> ,is full ( ,!e4444 ,b w&]+ (t1 ) brute1 unconsci\s gaze1 ,man m>ks n ,!e1 m>ks n ! mighty h& ,t1 ev] busy1 :eels ! sil5t sph]es2 ,works 9 ! secret deep2 %oots1 /eam+1 !nce ,! fair pr(usion t o'erspreads ! spr+2 ,fl+s f ! sun direct ! flam+ day2 ,fe$s e creature1 hurls ! tempe/ =?2 ,&1 z on e>? ?is grateful *ange revolves1 ,) transport t\*es all ! spr+s ( life4#bbf ,a discussion ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! relation ( ,god to ! _w c sc>cely be reg>d$ z adequate & complete :i* keeps n con/antly 9 view ! !ories ( c]ta9 advanc$ ?9k]s t conflict ) ! views "h pres5t$4 ,we d n n[ ref] to ! extreme op9ions ( ! ,a!i/s1 :o d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 proclaim ! et]nity ( matt]1 & reg>d =ce z an inh]5t & ess5tial attribute ( matt]1 by :i* all ! ph5om5a ( nature & humanity are necess>ily evolv$2 nor ( ! ,pan!i/s1 on ! o!r h&1 :o d5y ! p]sonality ( ,god1 & repres5t ! ,deity z an et]nal natura naturans1 :i* by a spontane\s & unconsci\s developm5t is =ev] em]g+ z ! natura naturata4 ,= ^! ?9k]s !re c be no conceivable ,provid5ce4 ,sci5ce has %[n u t we are "u ! dom9ion ( g5]al laws1 & t !re is no special ,provid5ce4 ,nature acts ) fe>ful uni=mity2 /]n z fate1 absolute z a tyrant1 m]ciless z dea?2 too va/ to praise2 too inexplicable to wor%ip2 too inexorable to propitiate2 x has no e> = pray]1 no he>t = sympa?y1 no arm to save4#bbg ,at pres5t we are to deal ) ! !ories ( a class ( sci5ti/s :o believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,god--( a p]sonal ,god1 & :o pr(ess ! greate/ rev]5ce = ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 b ^: ,god is cle>ly n ! ,god ! ,bible reveals4 ,?is g5]al class ( ?9k]s may be subdivid$ into subord9ate s*ools1 z !y v]ge t[>d "o or ! o!r ( ! extremes above indicat$4 #a4 ,"o s*ool is repres5t$ by su* writ]s z ,pr(4 ,tyndall1 ,dr4 ,h4 ,b5ce ,jones1 & ,dr4 ,ba/ian4 ,_! fundam5tal pr9ciple is ! absolute insep>ability ( matt] & =ce2 consequ5tly !y d n recognize ! ,div9e ,w z ! sole & imm$iate cause ( ! motion & life ( ! univ]se4 ,molecul> attractions & repulsions are ! primal =ces communicat$ to matt] at ! ,creation1 & f ! self-activity ( ^! prim>y =ces result all ! =ms ( en]gy 9 nature1 :e!r organic or inorganic4 ,our idea ( ! gr&eur1 ! unity1 & ! p[] ( ! fir/ cause1 writes ,dr4 ,h4 ,b5ce ,jones1 w surely n be less5$ if we c %[ t "o law ( ! union ( matt] & =ce & ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy obta9s ?r\gh\t ! organic z well z ! inorganic creation4#bbh ,"h we h a close approximation1 if n int5tionally1 yet logically1 to ! ,a!i/ic extreme4 ,! transition seems easy1 if n inevitable1 to ! recognition ( =ce z an inh]5t & necess>y attribute ( matt] :i* may be et]nal4 ,!n :at ne$ ( a ,god1 or :at place = "o1 if ! =ces & laws ( matt] are adequate to ! explanation ( all ph5om5a8 ,z ,m>t9eau aptly sugge/s1 ,^! prop]ties & p[]s once in/all$ 9 ! cosmic executive are too apt1 l mayors ( ! palace1 to set up = !mselves1 & eject ! real ,"l & ,god4 #b4 ,ano!r s*ool is repres5t$ by su* m5 z ,pr(essors ,ow51 ,huxley1 & ,bad5 ,p[ell1 :o d5y ! ultimate di/9ction betwe5 matt] & =ce1 & reg>d bo? z ph5om5al manife/ations ( "s unkn[n sub/ratum--a supramat]ial ,,physis 77 :i* is id5tical ) ! ,div9e sub/ance1 ! natura naturans ( ,sp9oza4 ,to ^! m9ds ! univ]se discloses no?+ b immutable law1 absolute cont9uity1 & necess>y developm5t4 ,! gr& pr9ciple ( ! self-evolv+ p[]s ( nature#bbi & ! gr& inductive conclusion ( univ]sal & et]nal ord]1#bcj are ! bases ( all rational !ology4 ,"h we enc\nt] a phase ( ?\ght :i* v]ges t[>d ! extreme ( ,pan!ism4 ,! ,deity himself is condition$ 9 8 action by ! et]nal & immutable laws ( nature1 & c n be conceiv$ z a liv+ ,w ex]cis+ control ov] & subord9at+ ^! laws to high] moral ideas & ends4 ,?is doctr9e1 ,pr(4 ,p[ell admits1 summ>ily ov]rides ! ,mosaic creation1 r5d]s miracles irrational1 excludes a special provid5ce1 &1 we may add1 dismisses pray] z a useless absurdity4 #c4 ,a ?ird & int]m$iate s*ool assumes ! exi/5ce ( a pla/ic nature 7vis =mativa7 int]m$iate betwe5 ! ,creator & 8 "w1 by :i* ! ph5om5a ( nature are produc$4 ,?is hypo!sis 0 prop\nd$ by ,cudwor?1 & has lately be5 reproduc$ by ,dr4 ,laycock & ,mr4 ,murphy "u ! "n ( unconsci\s organiz+ intellig5ce1 to expla9 ^? facts ( organic nature :i* come "u ! relation ( means & ends1 or /ructure & function4 ,?is hypo!sis mu/ deflect t[>d "o or o!r ( ! extremes indicat$1 :5 x attempts to decide 9 :at subject ?is unconsci\s intellig5ce inh]es4 ,if x be said t x inh]es 9 matt]1 ! t5d5cy mu/ be t[>d ,a!ism3 t x inh]es 9 _s1 !n ! t5d5cy is t[>d ,pan!ism4 ,common to all ^! hypo!ses is ! d5ial ( ! direct1 imm$iate1 & volunt>y ag5cy ( ,god 9 nature z ! only real & effici5t =ce4 ,!y are all attempts to acc\nt = ! cons]vation ( ! _w by ! cons]vation & trans=mation ( en]gy1 t is1 by second>y causes1 :i* 9 reality are only conditions & n real causes4 ,!y int]pose a *asm betwe5 ,god & ! _w4 ,! univ]se is a self-support+1 self-evolv+ ma*9e1 & ,god is an isolat$1 incommunicable ab/raction4 ,x is to be deplor$ t c]ta9 ,*ri/ian writ]s h deem$ x necess>y1 on :at !y consid] moral gr\nds1 to give c\nt5ance to !ories :i* 9 "o =m or ano!r ascribe a real effici5cy to natural laws1 & disp5se ) ! imm$iate & ceaseless ag5cy ( ,god 9 ! cons]vation ( ! _w4 ,!y imag9e t "s su* hypo!sis is ne$$ to v9dicate ! ,div9e honor & righte\sness4 ,9 _! imag9ation1 x d]ogates f ! ,div9e maje/y to be ceaselessly conc]n$ & busi$ ) ! m9ute & insignificant op]ations ( nature1 or ev5 cognizant ( !m4 ,8 et]nal s]5ity w\ld be di/urb$1 & 8 unsulli$ purity compromis$ by any connection !re)1 & ,he w\ld become responsible = ! disord]s & abnormities1 ! evils & suff]+s1 :i* appe> 9 ! _w4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 be releas$ f a con/ant & direct connection ) ! univ]se4 ,he mu/ leave nature to ! necess>y pr$e/9at$ c\rse ( self-evolution1 or1 if ,he int]pose at all1 x mu/ be 9 "s exceptional1 extraord9>y1 & sup]natural way2 s t1 if !re be a provid5tial adm9i/ration1 e act & incid5t !re( mu/ be a miracle4 ,we respect ! motives1 b we c n approve ! proc$ure or comm5d ! logic ( ^! !ologians4 ,! moral difficulties !y w\ld by ^! hypo!ses evade /ill rema9 9 all _! =ce4 ,any hypo!sis :i* essays to relieve ^! difficulties f press+ aga9/ ,provid5ce only transf]s & leaves !m to press ) equal =ce aga9/ an orig9al creation4#bca ,! ,supreme ,intellig5ce :i* orig9ally end[$ matt] ) its prop]ties1 & orda9$ ! laws ( =ce1 mu/ h =ese5 all possible comb9ations1 int]actions1 & consequ5ces1 &1 if x be prop] to speak ( responsibilities 9 ?is connection1 mu/ be z responsible = ^! consequ5ces z ?\gh !y 7 ! direct effect ( imm$iate volition4 ,an ag5t is acc\ntable n only = 8 acts1 b = all ! =ese5 consequ5ces ( 8 acts4 ,! solution ( ^! difficulties mu/ be s\ght 9 ano!r field4 ,meantime x may be obs]v$ t ^! !ologians affect a conc]n = ! ,div9e honor :i* ev5 revelation itself does n confess4 ,x tea*es t all ! op]ations ( nature are ! op]ations ( ,god1 & no apologies are (f]$ = consequ5ces :i*1 to %ort-sight$ m51 may appe> to conflict ) righte\sness or love4 ,does ! e>?quake te> ! m\nta9 asund]1 & spread deva/ation & dea? ?r\gh\t ! surr\nd+ c\ntry8 x is ! ,"l :o ro>e? f ,zion1 & utt]e? 8 voice f ,j]usalem2 ,he cause? ! habitation ( ! %eph]ds to m\rn1 & ! top ( ,c>mel to )]4#bcb ,! p b[ _! heads ) rev]5ce1 & 9 _! *a/5+ sorr[s see ! h& ( ,god4 ,b ^! philosophic !ologians mu/ correct ! language ( ,scripture1 & tone x d[n 9 h>mony ) ! caprici\s dem&s ( mod]n sci5ti/s4 ,! language ( ! anci5t ,prophet ( ,god is simply ! expression ( a *ildlike & subjective conception ( nature :i* mod]n sci5ce has empti$ ( all its significance4 ,! e>?quake 0 ! product ( second>y causes--( inh]5t nature-=ces :i* n[ exi/ & act indep5d5t ( ! ag5cy & control ( ,god4 ,to ma9ta9 ! consi/5cy ( _! hypo!sis1 !y w ev5 affirm t ! cata/rophe 0 un=ese51 & did n come )9 ! purview ( ! creative plan4 ,! exub]ance ( ! ,ori5tal imag9ation has ?r[n a haze ( unreality ov] all ! descriptions ( natural ph5om5a1 & !re=e ! language ( ! inspir$ ,psalmi/ mu/ be am5d$4 ,:5 he tells u t ,god cov]e? ! heav5s ) cl\ds1 & prep>e? ra9 = ! e>?1 we mu/ p>aphrase aft] ! foll[+ fa%ion3 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god gave to wat] ^? prop]ties1 & det]m9$ ^? cosmical conditions :i*1 :5 co9cid5t1 result 9 ! =mation ( cl\ds & ! desc5t ( ra96 ,?is1 we are told1 is ! int]pretation :i* mod]n sci5ce dem&s4 ,cons]vation is simply ! inde/ructibility ( matt] & ! p]si/5ce ( =ce1 & ,provid5ce is ! uni=mity ( natural law4 ,we mu/ no long] believe t ,god is a pres5t1 imman5t1 & diffusive ,p[] & ,life 9 nature4 ,to f9d ! connection betwe5 ,god & nature we mu/ rem\nt by a process ( regressive ?\ght to ! fir/1 &1 inde$1 ! la/ act ( creation--! primal orig9ation ( matt] & motion4 ,s t if n[ piety w\ld /& face to face ) its supreme object1 x is compell$ to fl+ itself back into ! abyss ( duration1 be=e ! m\nta9s 7 br\ght =?1 or ev] ! e>? & ! _w 7 =m$4 ,practically1 ?is conception gives u a univ]se )\t a ,god2 = ! _w1 once creat$1 & /ock$ ) ! necess>y =ces & adju/m5ts & laws1 w h5ce=? gov]n itself4 ,x w run its pr$e/9at$ c\rse 9 ob$i5ce to an orig9al impulse1 & realize a p]petual motion )\t fur!r ov]sight or c>e or control4 ,! _w is a huge s\lless ma*9e1 & !ology is r$uc$ to ,me*anical ,deism6 ,b surely no "o pret5ds t ?is !ory satisfies ! dem&s ( ,scripture language1 & fills up ! complem5t ( its idea4 ,practically1 x r5d]s ! ,^w ( ,god ( no effect4 ,?is !ory is equally inadequate to satisfy ! crav+s ( ! human he>t4 ,! he>t dem&s a pres5t ,god--a ,god :o is nev] f> f any "o ( u2 x dem&s ! imm$iate pres5ce & con/ant c>e ( a heav5ly ,fa!r2 x dem&s1 :5 x looks ^u nature1 to feel t ,god is !re1 n 9 8 laws only1 b 9 consci\s & p]petual action2 n 9 ! s5se ( a ,wisdom & ,goodness1 embodi$ 9 arrangem5ts contriv$ & p]fect$ long ago1 z ! m9d ( an artific] may be said to be pres5t 9 ! "w ( 8 h&s1 b 9 ! s5se ( a ,love co-pres5t to e aspect ( nature1 & a ,w inwork+ 9 e ev5t t takes place4#bcc ,react+ aga9/ ! usurpation ( second>y causation1 we>i$ ( its di/ance f ! ,f\nta9-head1 x fl+s itself back ) pa!tic rep5tance into ! arms ( ! ,prim>y ,inf9itude4 ,! relation ( ,god to ! _w1 h[ev]1 is a problem :i* c n be solv$ by an appeal to s5tim5t4 ,! religi\s consci\sness may be ! c\nt]-pro(1 b x c n be ! />t+-po9t ( a philosophy :i* aims at ! explanation ( ?+s--t is1 ( _! orig9 & cont9uance--by pr9ciples & ideas ( ! reason4 ,= :at is meant by und]/&+1 b translation into ideas1 & compreh5d+ "u necess>y pr9ciples8 ,any !ory :i* essays su* explanation ( ?+s mu/ !re=e comm5d itself to ! logical und]/&+1 & be capable ( logical con/ruction4 ,n[ ! v>i\s hypo!ses :i* seek to disp5se ) ! imm$iate ag5cy ( ,god1 & to expla9 ! cons]vation ( ! _w by second>y or natural ag5cies1 :5 critically exam9$ d n satisfy ! und]/&+4 ,h[ev] conv5i5t = ! evasion ( difficulties1 h[ev] plausible = _! simplicity & manageable cle>ness1 on a clos] inspection !y are f\nd to be inadequate4 #a4 ,!re is ! hypo!sis ( natural law4 ,! _w is gov]n$ by g5]al laws :i* are fix$ & immutable4 ,^! laws 7 impress$ ^u matt] at ! beg9n+1 & 9 ob$i5ce to !m ! univ]se has gradually evolv$ itself 9 rigid cont9uity & necess>y ord]4 ,no room1 !re=e1 is left = special direction or provid5tial control1 & if ! t]m provid5ce is at all p]missible1 x is only z a synonym = natural law4 ,x is affirm$ by ! advocates ( ?is hypo!sis t ! gr& pr9ciple ( ! uni=mity & con/ancy ( natural causes is a prim>y law ( belief s /rongly ent]ta9$ by ! truly inductive inquir] t he c n conceive ! possibility ( its failure4#bcd ,z sci5ce ext5ds h] doma9 & pu%es h] discov]ies into new regions1 cases t once seem$ anomal\s are f\nd to be con=mable to ?is g5]al rule1 & !re=e we are ju/ifi$ 9 assum+ ! absolute uni=mity & inviolability ( natural law ?r\gh all ! realms ( "t & space4 ,?us we rea* ! gr& inductive conclusion ( ! univ]sal & et]nal ord] ( nature4 ,b an ov]rul+ provid5ce mu/ /ep beyond ord9>y rule3 x mu/ control1 int]rupt1 modify1 or 9 "s mann] give a new direction to ! action ( nature1 & ?us become sup]natural--t is1 miracul\s4 ,s t 7 we ev5 to conc$e ! ph5om5al reality ( ! miracles record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & to accept !m z objects ( fai?1 b n z ! evid5ces ( fai?1 /ill mod]n sci5ce w\ld =bid u to believe t any sup]natural int]position c n[ take place4 ,n a s+le in/ance ( c\nt]action or control ( natural law c n[ be au!nticat$1 & !re=e we mu/ reg>d special provid5ce z incr$ible & impossible4 ,! fir/ error1 & inde$ ! fundam5tal error1 ( ?is hypo!sis is ! assumption t ! absolute uni=mity & p]man5ce ( nature is a prim>y law ( belief1 & !re=e ! natural philosoph] mu/ set out ) cle> ideas ( ! possible & ! impossible4 ,n[ we grant t _h we su* priori conviction ( ! p]man5ce & immutability ( nature1 !n x w\ld be impossible to prove t ! ord] ( nature _h a beg9n+1 or t !re c\ld be any int]f]5ce ) ! ag5cies or laws ( nature by a sup]natural p[]4 ,no evid5ce adduc$ 9 favor ( a creation or ( ,div9e int]position c\ld ev] be s /rong z to ov]come ! necess>y belief 9 direct opposition to x4#bce ,b ! tru? is1 we h no su* intuitive conviction4 ,our belief has none ( ! *>act]i/ics ( an priori intuition3 x is nei!r self-evid5t nor univ]sal nor necess>y4 ,john ,/u>t ,mill has successfully %[n t ?is belief is ! result ( exp]i5ce1 t x is ent]ta9$ only by ! cultivat$ & educat$ few1 & t ev5 among su* x has be5 ( sl[ gr[?4 ,!re=e he prop]ly concludes t ! uni=mity 9 ! succession ( ev5ts 444 mu/ be receiv$1 n z ! law ( ! univ]se1 b ( t portion only :i* is )9 ! range ( our means ( obs]vation1 ) a reasonable degree ( ext5sion to adjac5t cases4#bcf ,belief 9 ! uni=mity ( nature is an induction f exp]i5ce1 & n a prim>y intuition4 ,& by ! ^w exp]i5ce1 9 ?is connection1 we mu/ und]/& n ! exp]i5ce ( "o man only1 or ( "o g5]ation1 b ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( mank9d 9 all ages z regi/]$ 9 books or transmitt$ by tradition4 ,b h[ limit$1 at be/1 is human exp]i5ce--h[ circumscrib$ bo? 9 "t & space6 ,comp>$ ) ! va/ness & duration ( ! univ]se1 x is n>r[$ d[n to a m]e po9t4 ,all exp]i5ce1 be x t ( ! individual or ( mank9d1 is only f9ite4 ,to inf] a univ]sal law f a limit$ numb] ( in/ances is to violate to ! utt]mo/ ! fundam5tal canon ( logic t no conclusion mu/ conta9 m ?an 0 conta9$ 9 ! premises f :i* x is drawn4#bcg ,inductive sci5ce c only give u ! cont+5t & ! relative1 x c nev] atta9 to ! necess>y & ! absolute4 ,by ab/raction1 comp>ison1 & g5]alization x may furni% u ) g5]al notions1 b x c n give u univ]sal pr9ciples4 ,exp]i5ce c n conduct u to univ]sal & necess>y tru?s--n to univ]sal1 because %e has n tri$ all cases2 n to necess>y1 because necessity is n a matt] to :i* exp]i5ce c te/ify4#bch ,! intuitive reason1 we d\bt n1 is furni%$ ) necess>y & univ]sal pr9ciples :i* may illum9ate ! pa?way ( exp]i5ce1 & give mean+ & law to ! facts ( s5sation1 s t man may become ! ,int]pret] ( ,nature2 b c]ta9ly ! absolute uni=mity ( nature is n "o ( ^! ideas4 ,not)/&+ ! boa/$ ma!matical precision ( ! inductive me?od1 & ! rigid exactness ( its results1 sci5tific m5 are n :olly exempt f ! common infirmity ( ha/y g5]alization4 ,!y are p]petually liable to ! temptation to draw imm5se conclusions f premises t are too n>r[ & inadequate4 ,! hi/ory ( sci5ce is a record ( ! correction ( ha/y g5]alizations by future discov]ies1 & leads to ! f9al conviction t !re are no laws ( nature :i* c lay claim to absolute univ]sality4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,newton1 ! law ( gravitation has be5 reg>d$ by _m z /rictly univ]sal4 ,b n[ we are told by ,h]s*el t our evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( gravitation fails u beyond ! region ( ! d\ble />s1 or leaves u at be/ only a presumption am\nt+ to moral conviction 9 its favor4 ,fur!rmore1 9 reg>d to ! lum9if]\s e!r1 he tells u t we are fre$ f ! necessity ( any m5tal ref]5ce to ! actual weight or specific gravity ( ! mat]ial1 :i* 9 ?is case is ! m necess>y1 z1 ?\gh we suppose ! e!real molecules to possess in]tia1 we c n suppose !m affect$ by ! =ce ( gravitation4 ,beyond all d\bt1 ! wide/ & mo/ int]e/+ prospect ( future discov]y 444 is t di/9ction betwe5 gravitat+ & levitat+ matt]1 t positive & unrefutable demon/ration ( ! exi/5ce ( a repulsive =ce 444 enorm\sly m p[]ful ?an ! attractive =ce ( gravity4#bci ,until rec5tly ! pres5ce ( free oxyg5 z ! necess>y condition ( life has be5 reg>d$ z a univ]sal biological law4 ,b ! late/ rese>*es ( ,pa/eur h %[n t1 s f> f oxyg5 be+ ess5tial to ! life ( ! simple/ liv+ be+s1 !re are c]ta9 =ms ( infusoria :i* n only pass _! lives )\t oxyg51 b are kill$ by its pres5ce4#bdj ,o!r illu/rations might be adduc$1 b ^! are suffici5t = our purpose4 ,! tru? is1 !re is n a ph5om5on kn[n to man t c prop]ly be said to be ! result ( ! action ( "o inv>iable & univ]sal =ce1 n ev5 ! fall+ ( a /one to ! e>?2 = "s =ce mu/ h previ\sly be5 ex]t$ to raise ! /one f ! e>?1 :i* =ce is repres5t$ by en]gy ( position1 or pot5tial en]gy4#bda ,& ?is pot5tial en]gy is ! exact num]ical equival5t ( ! en]gy ( motion :i* x acquires 9 fall+--i4 e41 ! mass multipli$ by ! squ>e ( ! velocity4 ,e ev5t1 e *ange 9 nature1 is due to "s v>iable comb9ations ( inv>iable =ces4#bdb ,mat]ial causes are always complex4 ,e law ( nature is liable to c\nt]action & modification by o!r laws1 & ! mo/ fundam5tal fact ( ! univ]se is t mat]ial =ces are adju/$1 comb9$1 & modifi$ 9 endless modes 9 ord] to ! fulfillm5t ( purposes & ends4 ,! ph5om5a ( life pres5t a va/ s]ies ( su* adju/m5ts & modifications4 ,! me*anical & *emical =ces are controll$ & subord9at$ by ! vital =ce1 s t life has be5 def9$ z a resi/ance to ! physical =ces ( matt]#bdc--;a resi/ance :i* ,liebig reg>ds z 9 a c]ta9 degree inv9cible4 ,liv+ matt] is ! seat ( en]gy1 & s long z x is liv+1 c ov]come ! prim>y law ( ! in]tia ( matt]1 & moves spontane\sly4#bdd ,liv+ matt] ov]comes ! attraction ( gravitation1 & resi/s1 susp5ds1 & modifies ! action ( *emical aff9ity4#bde ,x is 9 direct opposition to *emical aff9ity t organiz$ be+s exi/4 ,?us ! v>i\s =ms ( en]gy are mutually condition$4 ,! me*anical1 *emical1 & electrical en]gies are c\nt]act$ by ! vital =ce4 ,& all ! =ces & en]gies ( nature are controll$ & subord9at$ by a high] =ce :i* ord]s means to ends1 & adapts /ructure to function1 viz41 an ,intellig5t ,w4 ,! conviction f9ally becomes irresi/ible t nature is a sy/em ( ?+s design$ to be subject to ,m9d1 & t a law ( design is ! highe/ law ( ! univ]se4 ,x mu/ n[ be obvi\s t we c rea* no def9ite conclusion 9 reg>d to ! "q "u discussion--! uni=mity ( nature--unless we h a cle> & precise conception ( ! mean+ ( ! t]m nature4 ,! ^w is employ$1 ev5 by m5 ( sci5ce1 9 a v loose & ambigu\s s5se4 ,at "o "t x is us$ to d5ote ! totality ( s5sible ph5om5a2 at ano!r1 ! conditions or causes ( ph5om5a2 aga91 ! relations ( ph5om5a2 & (t51 all ^! collectively4 ,we mu/ endeavor to extricate ourselves f ?is confusion4 ,accord+ to its d]ivation1 nature 7natura--nascitur7 means t :i* is born or produc$--! becom+2 t :i* has a beg9n+ & an end2 t :i* has n ! cause ( its exi/5ce 9 itself1 & ! cause ( :i* mu/ be s\ght 9 some?+ antec$5t to & beyond itself--t is1 nature is ! ph5om5al4 ,?is ! ^w itself expresses 9 ! /ronge/ mann]4 ,t :i* beg9s to be1 z ! necess>y consequ5ce ( antec$5t conditions1 is natural4 ,! co-exi/5ce1 resemblance1 & succession ( ph5om5a con/itute ! ord] ( nature2 & ! uni=mity ( ^! relations among ph5om5a are ! laws ( nature4 ,s mu* is cle> f ! /&-po9t ( m]e empirical sci5ce4 ,n[ if law is ! uni=mity ( relations among ph5om5a1#bdf !n x is equally cle> t ! phrase uni=mity ( natural law is mean+less1 =1 by ! def9ition1 ! uni=mity itself is ! law1 & ! expression is simply equival5t to ! uni=mity ( ! uni=mity1 :i* is absurd4 ,fur!rmore1 if nature is ! ph5om5al--! becom+--!n ! ^w c n be prop]ly employ$ to d5ote ! causes ( t becom+1 unless by causes we und]/& antec$5t conditions1 :i*1 z we %all pres5tly see1 are n real causes4 ,nature1 or ! sum-total ( ph5om5a1 is an effect--an effect :i* dem&s a cause4 ,!re c be no ph5om5a )\t *ange1 no *ange )\t motion1 no motion )\t =ce1 no =ce )\t ,_s1 = ,_s-=ce is ! only =ce ( :i* we h any k or consci\sness4 ,a rational ,w1 & n a bl9d necessity1 mu/ /& at ! f\nta9-head ( be+1 & uni=mity 9 nature mu/ be ! result ( reason & *oice4 ,b suppose we are p]mitt$ to employ ! t]m nature to d5ote ! ess5tial prop]ties ( matt]1 & ! v>i\s =ms ( en]gy1#bdg pot5tial & k9etic2 & suppose we admit t matt] is inde/ructible1 & t ! am\nt ( en]gy 9 ! _w is un*ang$1 ! sum ( ! actual & pot5tial en]gies be+ a con/ant quantity2 /ill we are n entitl$ f ^! premises to inf] ! absolute uni=mity 9 ! succession ( ev5ts--t is1 ! uni=mity ( ! ph5om5al4 ,we h already se5 t no ph5om5on kn[n to man is ! result ( a s+le prop]ty ( matt] or a s+le =m ( en]gy4 ,all issues 9 nature are ! effects produc$ ^u matt] by ! resultant ( compon5t =ces4 ,! ph5om5a ( nature are ! result ( adju/m5ts1 comb9ations1 & di/ributions ( matt] & ( =ce 9 endless v>iety & complexity4 ,h5ce we h 9 nature ! v>iable1 ! cont+5t1 ! p>ticul>1 z well z ! inv>iable1 ! uni=m1 & ! g5]al4 ,?is is admitt$ by ,comte3 ,t :i* eng5d]s ?is irregul> v>iability ( ! effect is ! great numb] ( diff]5t ag5ts det]m9+ at ! same "t ! same ph5om5a2 & f :i* x results1 9 ! mo/ complicat$ ph5om5a1 t !re are no two cases precisely alike4 ,we h no occasion1 9 ord] to f9d su* complexity1 to g to ! ph5om5a ( liv+ be+s4 ,x pres5ts itself 9 bodies )\t life1 = example1 9 /udy+ meteorological ph5om5a4444 ,_! multiplicity r5d]s ! effects z irregul>ly v>iable z if e cause _h n be5 subject to any precise condition4#bdh ,?us we are l$ by v>i\s l9es ( ?\ght to ! same conclusion4 ,x is c]ta9 t we c only le>n :at ! uni=mities 7! laws7 ( nature are by exp]i5ce1 & 9 ord] to det]m9e :e!r all ! successions ( ev5ts h be5 & n[ are univ]sally uni=m1 we mu/ h a univ]sal exp]i5ce4 ,if !re h be5 deviations f g5]al laws "u peculi> conditions--if "o =m ( en]gy has be5 c\nt]act$ & modifi$ by ano!r =m ( en]gy1 or ev5 by an intellig5t ,w1 s z to give a p>ticul> result--exp]i5ce 7 obs]vation & te/imony7 mu/ be j z adequate to atte/ ! reality ( t p>ticul> deviation z x is to atte/ ! preval5ce ( g5]al laws4#bdi ,we h no intuitive & necess>y conviction ( ! uni=mity ( nature1 & !re=e we c n affirm 9 an priori mann] :at is possible or impossible4 ,^? sci5ti/s :o adopt ! maxim ( ,f>aday1 t 9 ! inve/igation ( new & peculi> ph5om5a we mu/ set out ) cle> ideas ( ! possible & ! impossible1 are doom$ to move 9 a vici\s circle4 ,!y c n be sure t a fact ( exp]i5ce is a real fact until !y h asc]ta9$ ! laws ( nature 9 ! case1 & !y c n asc]ta9 :at ! laws ( nature are until !y h asc]ta9$ ! facts4 ,!y mu/ n pr(ess to h le>n$ any ?+ until !y h asc]ta9$ t x is possible1 & !y c n decide t x is possible until !y h le>n$ e ?+1 because ! s+le item ( k !y are defici5t 9 may be ! v pr9ciple :i* w>rants a belief 9 ! possibility ( ! fact4 ,! maxim is obvi\sly absurd4 ,9 its !ological be>+s x is repudiat$ ev5 by ,pr(essor ,tyndall1 ! pupil & successor ( ,f>aday at ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,y nev] he> ! really philosophical def5d]s ( ! doctr9e ( uni=mity speak+ ( impossibilities 9 nature4 ,!y nev] say 444 t x is impossible = ! ,build] ( ! univ]se to alt] 8 "w4 ,_! bus9ess is n ) ! possible1 b ) ! actual4#bej ,! hypo!sis "u discussion is fur!r vitiat$ by ! assumption t laws are causes adequate 9 !mselves to ! production ( all ph5om5a4 ,s t n[ ,creation by ,law 7,nomog5y7 is ! wat*word ( ?is s*ool ( ?9k]s4 ,! m5 :o h def9$ law z ! uni=mity ( relations among ph5om5a--z an obs]v$ ord] ( facts--n[ speak ( laws z hav+ 9 !mselves a real effici5cy2 z produc+1 regulat+1 & gov]n+ p[]s4 ,"u ?is high-s\nd+ phrase--,creation by ,law--!re is n only ! artful concealm5t ( a difficulty1 b !re is also ! int]polation ( a positive error4 ,! uni=mities ( natural ph5om5a are ! causes ( ph5om5a1 or1 9 o!r words1 ! ord] ( nature is its own cause1 :i* is n only errone\s b self-contradictory4 ,"h1 aga91 we enc\nt] ! p]plexity consequ5t on ! use ( ambigu\s phraseology4 ,! t]m ,law is employ$ 9 an equivocal s5se1 z d5ot+1 indiff]5tly1 prop]ty & relation1 condition & cause1 antec$5t & consequ5ce4 ,9 su* an atmosph]e ( v]bal haze x is impossible to see cle>ly or ?9k correctly4 ,we mu/ feel our way t[>d a pur] light1 & f9d a less wav]+ /&-po9t4 ,! prim>y & g5]ic conception ( law is ! au?oritative expression ( ,w4 ,?is is ! mo/ natural1 ! mo/ obvi\s1 & ! mo/ legitimate conception4 ,! true notion ( ,w is ! syn!sis ( ,reason & ,p[]4 ,p[] ex]t$ 9 ! =ms ( reason is self-consci\sness4 ,reason manife/$ 9 ! =ms ( p[] is self-det]m9ation4 ,self-consci\sness & self-det]m9ation are ! two elem5ts ( p]sonality4 ,m explicitly1 we may !re=e def9e law z ! idea ( ! ,reason en=c$ by ,p[]4 ,! subjects ( legislation are3 #a4 ,! actions ( ,free ,be+s4 ,to asc]ta9 ! laws 9 ?is case is to answ] ! "q1 ,:at ought to be done8 #b4 ,! processes ( ,?\ght4 ,to asc]ta9 ! laws 9 ?is case is to answ] ! que/ions1 ,:y d we judge or affirm ?is or t8 &1 ,:at are ! gr\nds & crit]ia ( c]titude8 #c4 ,! facts or ev5ts ( ,nature4 ,to asc]ta9 ! laws 9 ?is case is to answ] ! que/ions1 ,:at are ! facts 9 _! obs]v$ ord]8 ,h[ or f :at causes d !y arise8 ,:y or = :at end d !y exi/8 ,x is "u ! la/ division t we enc\nt] ! second>y & symbolical s5ses 9 :i* ! t]m law has come to be us$ by sci5tific m51 :i* h well-nigh supplant$ ! prim>y & only legitimate signification4 ,t :i* lies ne>e/ to s5se--! ph5om5a ( nature--fir/ engages ! awak5+ intellect4 ,if ! att5tion is conf9$ solely to ! ph5om5a ( nature1 ! simple "q prop\nd$ is1 ,:at is ! obs]v$ ord] ( ! facts8 ,at ?is /age sci5ce c be no m ?an a classification ( ph5om5a accord+ to _! relations ( co-exi/5ce1 resemblance1 & succession1 & law mu/ be def9$ z ! uni=mity ( relations among ph5om5a4#bea ,"h ! t]m is tak5 objectively1 & ! facts are simply conceiv$ z p]ceiv$ by ! s5ses4 ,b ! human m9d c nev] re/ 9 ! b>e k ( ph5om5a4 ,! reason intuitively recognizes ! uni=mities ( nature z ! sugge/ive signs ( prop]ties or p[]s :i* are n p]ceptible to s5se1 & ! "q arises1 ,h[--t is1 f :at adju/m5t ( antec$5t conditions & physical ag5cies--does ! ord] ( nature arise8 ,& n[ ! t]m law comes to indicate m ?an an obs]v$ ord] ( facts2 x d5otes an ord] result+ f ! co9cid5ce ( "s p]man5t prop]ties1 qualities1 or =ces :i* are conceiv$ z ly+ back ( ! ph5om5a1 & pu%+ !m into ! objective field4 ,accord+ly1 laws are n[ def9$ z ! necess>y relations :i* spr+ f ! inn] nature ( ?+s4#beb ,"h ! phrase is tak5 subjectively1 z ! expression ( a m5tal conception1 & n ( a s5se p]ception4 ,x has relation to u z und]/&+1 r ?an to ! mat]ials ( :i* ! univ]se consi/s z obey+ c]ta9 rules4#bec ,f9ally1 ! human m9d approa*es ! "q--,:y h ^! physical ag5cies be5 s collocat$ or adju/$8 ,:at relation does ?is adju/m5t be> to purpose1 int5tion1 or end8 ,law is n[ ! reason or end = :i* an ord]ly arrangem5t exi/s4 ,"h ! phrase is tak5 ideally or rationally z a revelation ( ! intuitive reason1 9 ! light ( :i* ! ph5om5a ( nature f9d _! only satisfactory int]pretation4 ,by ?is r\te we are l$ back to ! prim>y & univ]sal conception ( law z ! idea ( ! ,reason en=c$ by ,p[]4 ,all gov]nm5t1 human or ,div9e1 is ! en=cem5t ( ideas by au?ority1 & ,natural ,law is ! actualization ( ! ,div9e idea by ! ,div9e effici5cy4 ,z ,buns5 rem>ks1 ,law is ! supreme rule ( ! univ]se1 & ?is law is ,intellect1 is ,reason1 :e!r view$ 9 ! =mation ( a planet>y sy/em or ! organization ( a worm4 ,laws & ideas are ?us correlat$4 ,view$ 9 respect to ! reason z conceiv+1 orig9at+1 & project+1 we speak ( ! idea4 ,view$ 9 respect to ! sph]e ( det]m9ate movem5t & action 9 :i* ideas are realiz$ & actualiz$1 we speak ( law4 ,h5ce ,plato (t5 calls ideas laws2 & ,"l ,bacon1 ! ,briti% ,plato1 describes ! laws ( ! mat]ial _w z ideas3 ,quod 9 natur naturat lex1 9 natur naturante idea dicitur4 ,x is obvi\s1 !n1 t laws are n attributes ( matt]1 b ( intellig5ce4 ,x is equally obvi\s t laws are n effici5t causes1 & c n execute !mselves4 ,!y are ! ideas & purposes ( reason1 & ! rules or me?ods accord+ to :i* ! ideas are actualiz$4 ,law1 !re=e1 presupposes a ,lawgiv] & an ,executive4 ,law )\t a lawgiv] is ! m]e/ ab/raction1 & law )\t an ag5t to realize & execute x is1 9 fact1 n a law1 b an idea4 ,to ma9ta9 t ! univ]se is gov]n$ by laws1 )\t asc5d+ to ! sup]ior reason & s\rce ( ^! laws--to talk ( laws1 & yet n to recognize t e law implies a legislator1 & an executor to put x 9 =ce--is to hypo/atize laws1 to make be+s ( !m1 & to sub/itute my?ical & fabul\s div9ities 9 ! place ( ! "o liv+ & true ,god1 ! s\rce ( all p[] & all law4 ,few m5 ( rec5t times c claim a l>g] acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory & ! philosophy ( ! ,inductive ,sci5ces ?an ! late ,pr(essor ,:ewell1 & he may be fairly reg>d$ z express+ ! doctr9e ( ! be/ sci5ti/s4 ,a law supposes an ag5t & a p[]3 = x is a mode accord+ to :i* ! p[] acts4 ,)\t ! pres5ce ( su* an ag5t1 ( su* a p[]1 consci\s ( ! relations on :i* ! law dep5ds1 produc+ ! effects :i* ! law prescribes1 ! law c h no effici5cy1 no exi/5ce4 ,h5ce we inf] t ! intellig5ce by :i* ! law is orda9$1 ! p[] by :i* x is put 9 action1 mu/ be pres5t 9 all places :]e ! effects ( ! law occur2 t ?us ! k & ag5cy ( ! ,div9e ,be+ p]vade e portion ( ! univ]se1 produc+ all action & passion1 all p]man5ce & *ange4 ,! laws ( nature are ! laws :i* ,he 9 8 wisdom prescribes to 8 own acts2 8 univ]sal pres5ce is ! necess>y condition ( any c\rse ( ev5ts1 8 univ]sal ag5cy ! only orig9 ( any effici5t =ce4#bed ,we grant t ! t]m law may1 by metonymy1 be employ$ to designate ! uni=mity ( relations among ph5om5a1 b !n x mu/ n be =gott5 t "h ! effect is put = ! cause1 ! consequ5ce ( law = ! law itself4 ,x may be t ?is is ! only conception ( law :i* is legitimate )9 ! sph]e ( /rictly physical sci5ce1 & to limit ! sci5ti/s solely to ! k ( ph5om5a & _! relations w\ld simply be to take !m at _! ^w4 ,! inquiry conc]n+ ,causes & ,fir/ ,pr9ciples mu/ !n1 by common cons5t1 be surr5d]$ to pure metaphysics & !ology4 ,b if1 aft] ?is truce1 ! sci5ti/ /ill p]si/s 9 speak+ ( laws z effici5t causes1 & claim+ = !m an et]nal & necess>y uni=mity1 ?us virtually d5y+ ! lib]ty & p]sonality ( ,god1 & ! possibility ( ,creation & ,provid5ce1 ! ,*ri/ian ,!i/ mu/ be p]mitt$ 9 ! "n ( polemic fairness & logical consi/5cy to prote/4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,cons]vation4--,,! ,,relation ,,( ,,god ,,to ,,! ,,_w4 7,cont9u$47 ,( ! v>i\s hypo!ses :i* seek to disp5se ) ! imm$iate ag5cy ( ,god1 & to expla9 ! cons]vation ( ! _w by second>y or natural ag5cies1 ! second is t ( active ,=ce communicat$ to matt] at its creation4 ,?is =ce be+ trans=mable1 & at ! same "t inde/ructible1 is reg>d$ z adequate to ! cons]vation ( ! univ]se4 ,?is hypo!sis mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! ,dynamical !ory ( matt] prop\nd$ by ,leibnitz1 & m fully elaborat$ by ,boscovi*1 :i* reg>ds matt] z a m]e ph5om5on or function ( =ce2 on ! contr>y1 x conceives ( matt] z a di/9ct entity mov+ "u ! action ( a prim>y impulse communicat$ by ! ,creator's fiat at ! beg9n+4 ,?is hypo!sis 9 its fundam5tal conception & its fur!r elaboration is purely me*anical4 ,x repres5ts ! univ]se z a ma*9e fir/ set 9 motion by ! ,deity1 & cons]v$ by ! actions & reactions ( its sev]al p>ts4 ,all subsequ5t motions1 *anges1 & configurations are ! prolong$ results ( ! orig9al impulse1 )\t any fur!r direct action or control on ! "p ( ! ,creator4 ,a m precise & accurate /atem5t w\ld require t ! t]m ,en]gy %\ld be sub/itut$ = ,=ce4 ,9 ! language ( mod]n physics1 ,=ce is t :i* orig9ates or t5ds to orig9ate motion or *ange1 & is :olly exp5d$ 9 ! action x produces4#bee ,all en]gy has its orig9 9 =ce1 b =ce c n pass into en]gy except "u conditions 9 :i* x is at lib]ty to act4 ,= in/ance1 ! =ce ( gravity produces ! en]gy ( motion ( a fall+ body1 b gravity c n produce motion unless !re is space ?r\gh :i* ! body c fall4 ,en]gy1 !re=e1 is def9$ z ! p[] ( do+ "w4#bef ,! "w done is ! resi/ance ov]come1 & 9 ov]com+ resi/ance ! en]gy is trans=m$1 b n annihilat$4 ,9 e case 9 :i* en]gy is lo/ by resi/ance1 heat is g5]at$2 & we le>n f ,j\le's inve/igations t ! quantity ( heat g5]at$ is a p]fectly def9ite equival5t = ! en]gy lo/4 ,x is !re=e claim$ t ! total quantity ( en]gy 9 ! univ]se is con/ant1 & t ! mat]ial sy/em is dynamically cons]vative4 ,! univ]se is a self-act+ & self-su/a9$ ma*9e1 & p]petual motion is a necess>y consequ5ce4 ,a little reflection1 h[ev]1 ought to conv9ce any "o t ?is conception ( ! univ]se--z a ma*9e :i* is kept 9 p]petual motion by ! reciprocal action ( its p>ts--is a false analogy4 ,& its fallacy is app>5t f ?is1 t ! mov+ =ce ( e ma*9e is n inh]5t 9 ! ma*9e1 b "s natural prim>y =ce di/9ct f ! ma*9e1 su* z gravity1 or ! prim>y atomic =ces ( attraction & repulsion2 & consequ5tly ! v idea ( me*anism assumes ! exi/5ce ( ^? prim>y =ces ( :i* x is ! pr(ess$ object ( a me*anical !ory ( ! univ]se to give an explanation4 ,a ma*9e c no m create en]gy ?an x c create matt]2 its sole function is to trans=m en]gy into a k9d mo/ conv5i5t = u4#beg ,we may ) ! greate/ ease conv]t me*anical "w into heat1 b we c n by any means conv]t all ! en]gy ( heat back aga9 into me*anical "w4 ,9 ! /eam-eng9e we d :at c be done 9 ?is way1 b x is a v small portion ( ! :ole en]gy ( ! heat t is conv]tible into "w1 = a l>ge portion is dissipat$1 & w cont9ue to be dissipat$ h[ev] p]fect our eng9e may become4 ,let ! greate/ c>e be tak5 9 ! con/ruction & work+ ( a /eam-eng9e1 yet we %all n succe$ 9 conv]t+ "o f\r? ( ! :ole en]gy ( ! heat ( ! coals into me*anical "w4#beh ,x is impossible to con/ruct a ma*9e t c d "w )\t p>t+ ) en]gy2 & :5 ! en]gy is all p>t$ )1 any ma*9e :atev] mu/ necess>ily cease to d any m "w unless a fre% supply ( en]gy be br\ght 9 f )\t4 ,x is impossible to make a wat]-mill "w )\t a con/antly r5ew$ supply ( wat]1 or to make a /eam-eng9e "w )\t a con/antly r5ew$ supply ( fuel4 ,e "o :o und]/&s me*anics kn[s t any su* inexhau/ible supply ( en]gy is impossible by means ( m]ely me*anical arrangem5ts2 b x is equally true1 ?\gh n p]haps equally s evid5t1 t x is impossible by means ( any arrangem5t ( !rmal1 electric1 or *emical =ces4#bei ,b we are told t mod]n sci5ce has prov$ t ! law ( ! ,cons]vation ( ,en]gy is an absolute law ( ! univ]se1 & t ?\gh man c n con/ruct a ma*9e :i* w realize ! dream ( p]petual motion1 ! mat]ial univ]se is 9 reality su* a ma*9e4 ,x becomes u to speak ) "s degree ( diffid5ce 9 reg>d to a "q :i* lies outside ( our special dep>tm5t ( /udy4 ,nev]!less we mu/ confess t we h a gr[+ suspicion ( all s-call$ absolute laws 9 ! doma9 ( physical nature4 ,& we are confirm$ 9 ?is mi/ru/ by ! fact t physici/s !mselves are n agre$ 9 reg>d+ ?is law ( cons]vation ( en]gy z univ]sally true4 ,t ! am\nt ( en]gy 9 ! _w is un*angeable1 ! sum ( ! actual or k9etic & pot5tial en]gies be+ a con/ant quantity1 has be5 by "s writ]s ov]/ra9$4 ,x may be tak5 z a po/ulate1 & is probably true1 b x is a proposition equally incapable ( pro( & ( dispro(4#bfj ,?is pr9ciple1 says ,sir ,j4 ,h]s*el1 s f> z x re/s ^u any sci5tific basis z a legitimate conclusion f dynamical laws1 is no o!r ?an ! well-kn[n dynamical !orem ( ! cons]vation ( vis viva 7or ( 'en]gy1' z "s pref] to call x71 supplem5t$ to save ! tru? ( its v]bal enunciation by ! introduction ( :at is call$ 'pot5tial en]gy1' a phrase :i* ,i c n help reg>d+ z un=tunate1 inasmu* z x goes to sub/itute a truism = ! ann\ncem5t ( a dynamical fact4 ,no su* cons]vation1 9 ! s5se ( an id5tity ( total am\nt ( vis viva at all times & 9 all circum/ances1 9 fact1 exi/s4 ,s f> z a sy/em is ma9ta9$ by ! mutual actions & reactions ( its con/itu5t elem5ts at a di/ance 7i4 e41 by =ce71 vis viva may tempor>ily disappe>1 & be subsequ5tly reproduc$ betwe5 c]ta9 limits4 ,collision1 inde$1 betwe5 its ultimate p>ticles or atoms1 reg>d$ z absolutely rigid1 & !re=e inela/ic 7= t :i* c n *ange its figure c h no resili5ce71 c n take place )\t produc+ a p]man5t de/ruction ( x1 :i* !re exi/s no means ( repair+4444 ,if1 inde$1 we c\ld be assur$ priori t ! sy/em ( ! univ]se is "o ( simple or comp\nd p]iodicity1 9 :i* a c]ta9 lapse ( "t w re/ore e molecule to id5tically ! same relative situation ) respect to all ! re/1 we %\ld !n be sure t 9 ! nature ( ?+s !re w\ld take place1 s to speak1 a w9d+ up f a l[] to a high] /ate ( pot5tial en]gy1 to be subsequ5tly ex*ang$ = newly creat$ vis viva4 ,b1 z we c h no su* priori assurance1 c only assume su* re/oration to be possible1 & c see no means ( effect+ x1 if possible1 o!rwise ?an by =esight & pre>rangem5t2 ! "o equally ) ! o!r is an unkn[n function1 v>iable )9 unkn[n limits1 & susceptible ( fluctuation to an unkn[n ext5t2 nor c we h any1 ! smalle/1 "r to ass]t t :at is exp5d$ 9 "o =m is necess>ily laid up = fur!r use 9 ! o!r4 ,x w\ld be v difficult1 ,i appreh5d1 to %[ :e!r1 9 ! w9d+ up ( a clock or ! build+ ( a pyramid1 tak+ into consid]ation all ! v>i\s modes 9 :i* vis viva disappe>s & reappe>s 9 ! exp5diture ( muscul> p[]1 ! evolution ( animal heat1 ! consumption ( ! mat]ials ( our tissues1 ! propagation ( vibratory motions1 & a ?\s& o!r modes ( transf]1 ! total vis viva ( ?is our planet is increas$ or dim9i%$4 ,t x %\ld rema9 absolutely un*ang$ dur+ ! process is 9 ! la/ degree inconceivable4 ,! am\nt ( vis viva lat5t 9 ! =m ( heat or molecul> motion 9 ! sun & planets 9 our imm$iate sy/em may be>1 & probably does be>1 a by no means inappreciable ratio to t m di/9ctly pat5t 9 ! =m ( bodily motion 9 ! p]iodic circulation ( ! planets r\nd ! sun1 & ! sun & planets r\nd _! axes4 ,! latt] am\nt fluctuates to & fro accord+ to laws easily calculable1 b ! =m] we h no means :atev] ( comput+1 & to :at ext5t1 or )9 :at limits1 x may be v>iable1 we are altoge!r ignorant4#bfa ,! two dynamical laws ( ,cons]vation ( ,en]gy & ,trans=mation ( ,en]gy c n !re=e be reg>d$ z univ]sal & absolute laws2 !y are p>ticul> & d]ivative laws subject to limitations :i* are suppli$ by ! ?ird dynamical law--! ,dissipation ( ,en]gy4 ,! law ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy simply ass]ts t ! :ole am\nt ( en]gy 9 ! univ]se1 or 9 any limit$ sy/em :i* does n receive en]gy f )\t1 or "p ) x to ext]nal matt]1 is inv>iable2 9 o!r words1 t e mat]ial sy/em subject to no o!r =ces ?an actions & reactions betwe5 its p>ts is a dynamically cons]vative sy/em4 ,b ,sir ,william ,?omson has %[n t 9 nature ?is hypo!tical condition is app>5tly violat$ 9 all circum/ances ( motion4 ,a mat]ial sy/em c nev] be br\ght ?r\gh any return+ cycle ( motion )\t sp5d+ m "w aga9/ ! mutual =ces ( its p>ts ?an is ga9$ f ^! =ces1 because no relative motion c take place )\t meet+ ) frictional or o!r =ms ( resi/ance4#bfb ,!re c be b "o ultimate result = su* a sy/em z t ( ! sun & planets1 if cont9u+ long en\gh "u exi/+ laws1 & n di/urb$ by meet+ ) o!r mov+ masses 9 space4 ,t result is ! fall+ toge!r ( all into "o mass1 :i*1 al?\gh rotat+ = a "t1 mu/ 9 ! end come to re/ relatively to ! surr\nd+ m$ium4#bfc ,! law ( ! trans=mation ( en]gy is ! enunciation ( ! empirical fact t 9 g5]al any "o =m ( en]gy may by suitable processes be trans=m$1 :olly or 9 "p1 to an equival5t am\nt 9 any o!r giv5 =m4 ,?is law1 h[ev]1 is subject to limitations :i* are suppli$ by ! dissipation ( en]gy4 ,no kn[n natural process is exactly rev]sible1 & :5ev] an attempt is made to trans=m & retrans=m en]gy by an imp]fect process1 "p ( ! en]gy is necess>ily trans=m$ into heat & dissipat$1 s z to be incapable ( fur!r useful trans=mation4 ,x !re=e foll[s t1 z en]gy is con/antly 9 a /ate ( trans=mation1 !re is a con/ant degradation ( en]gy to ! f9al unavailable =m ( uni=mly diffus$ heat1 & t w g on until ! :ole en]gy ( ! univ]se has tak5 ?is f9al =m4#bfd ,no me*anical "w c be done by heat 9 a /ate ( equilibrium2 z a dynamical ag5t x is dead4 ,?us ! inexorable laws ( me*anics indicate t ! /ore ( =ce 9 our planet>y sy/em1 :i* c only suff] loss & n ga91 mu/ be f9ally exhau/$4#bfe ,s f>1 !n1 z ! cons]vation ( en]gy has any sci5tific mean+1 x is inadequate to acc\nt = ! orig9 or expla9 ! cont9uance ( ! exi/+ ord] ( nature4 ,x is true we may conceive t e atom ( matt] 0 end[$ at ! ,creation ) a c]ta9 /ore ( pot5tial en]gy--! pot5tial en]gy ( gravitation#bff--:i* x has ev] s9ce giv5 out2 b z e motion :i* has result$ f its action has be5 att5d$ ) ! exp5diture ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( ! orig9al end[m5t1 x mu/ h be5 cont9ually und]go+ a dim9ution4 ,!re is1 says ,pr(essor ,norton1 no escap+ ?is conclusion b by tak+ ! gr\nd t ! prim>y atomic =ces 7z gravitation1 & ! atomic repulsion & attraction by :i* atoms are aggregat$ into bodies ( s5sible magnitude7 are correlat$ ) ! liv+ =ces 7or v>i\s =ms ( en]gy7 :i* are involv$ 9 ! motions t h result$ f ! previ\s op]ation ( ! prim>y atomic =ces4 ,b1 he says1 no evid5ce has be5 obta9$ ( any su* correlation4 ,! prim>y =ce ( attraction 7if x be reg>d$ z a prim>y =ce7 may be ! cause ( motion 9 bodies :i* are sep>at$ 9 space1 & "p ( t en]gy ( motion may be trans=m$ into ! en]gy ( heat or light or electricity1 b ! prim>y =ce ( attraction is n trans=m$4 ,en]gy is conv]tible into o!r =ms ( en]gy1 b heat1 light1 & electricity are n trans=mable into prim>y =ce4 ,! correlation ( =ce & en]gy is !re=e a sci5tific h]esy4#bfg ,mod]n physici/s are agre$ t visible motion1 heat1 electricity1 magnetism1 & radiance 7radiant light & heat7 are =ms ( actual en]gy :i* are correlat$ & capable ( mutual conv]sion4 ,any "o =m may1 by suitable processes1 be trans=m$1 :olly or 9 "p1 to an equival5t am\nt ( any o!r =m ( en]gy4 ,s mu* is g5]ally accept$ by sci5tific m54 ,b 9 reg>d to ! prim>y =ce or =ces 9 :i* ^! =ms ( en]gy h _! orig91 !re is n ! same agreem5t among physici/s4 ,"s reg>d gravitation1 cohesion1 & *emical aff9ity z ! ?ree prim>y =ces ( nature2 :ile o!rs sugge/ t ! la/ two are relat$ ) & probably d]iv$ f ! fir/4 ,!re is also a respectable s*ool ( physici/s :o tea* t atomic attractions & repulsions are ! univ]sal cosmic =ces :i* orig9ate all molecul> & me*anical motions4 ,!n1 aga91 ea* ( ^! =ms ( =ce h _! special advocates4 ,on ! "o side x is affirm$1 z an important g5]alization1 t all prim>y =ce is attractive2 !re is no su* ?+ 9 nature z a prim>y repulsive =ce4#bfh ,univ]sal attraction is ! "o _w-=m+ & _w-cons]v+ en]gy4 ,on ! o!r side x is cont5d$ t gravitation is n a prim>y1 b a second>y & d]ivative =ce1 & t ! gr& primal =ce is a univ]sal =ce ( repulsion4#bfi ,x is beyond our prov9ce to discuss ! m]its ( ^! conflict+ !ories4 ,our position is t no purely physical hypo!sis is adequate to acc\nt = ! cons]vation ( ! univ]se1 & !re=e x is ( little consequ5ce to our argum5t :i* ( ! above !ories may f9d mo/ favor ) sci5tific m54 ,! t5d5cy ( mod]n sci5tific ?\ght is t[>d ! conception ( "o primordial =m ( matt]1 & b "o prim>y =m ( =ce1 z ! simple/ basis ^u :i* a physical !ory ( inanimate nature c be erect$4 ,! ultimate nature ( ?is "o prim>y =ce is a "q = pure metaphysics4 ,f ! /&-po9t ( physical sci5ce x c only be ?\ght z a pull or a pu% 9 a /raight l9e4#bgj ,univ]sal attraction or univ]sal repulsion mu/ be ! ultimate dynamical conception = ! pure physici/4 #a4 ,let u consid] ! fir/ hypo!sis4 ,x is claim$ t gravitation1 or univ]sal attraction1 is ! great cons]v+ & su/a9+ pr9ciple ( ! univ]se4 ,a /one falls to ! e>?1 a r\nd body rolls along a plane incl9$ t[>d ! horizon2 a liquid mass1 z a brook or a l>ge riv]1 fl[s on ! slop+ surface :i* =ms its b$4 ,all ^! ph5om5a are ! v>i$ manife/ation ( a univ]sal t5d5cy 9 all bodies to fall "o t[>d ! o!r4 ,9 virtue ( ?is t5d5cy ! great orbs :i* hang susp5d$ 9 space gravitate t[>d "o ano!r2 ! moon & ! e>? fall t[>d ea* o!r1 & !y bo? gravitate t[>d ! sun4 ,all ! planets ( our sol> sy/em cont9ually act "o on ! o!r1 & on ! imm5se sph]e :i* %9es at _! common focus4 ,by its enorm\s mass1 ! sun keeps all ( !m 9 _! orbits4 ,if we ask :y "o body falls t[>d ano!r :i* is m ?an n9ety millions ( miles (f1 9 pref]5ce to mov+ 9 any o!r direction1 ! answ] giv5 is t1 ,e p>ticle ( matt] 9 ! univ]se attracts e o!r p>ticle ) a =ce ^: direction is t ( ! l9e jo9+ ! two1 & ^: magnitude is directly z ! product ( _! masses1 & inv]sely z ! squ>e ( _! di/ance f ea* o!r4 ,?is =ce ( attraction is ! univ]sal bond :i* holds ! univ]se toge!r1 & su/a9s its physical life4 ,to ! sup]ficial ?9k]1 ! language ( ! ,newtonian philosophy appe>s to sanction ! mat]iali/ic notion t gravitation & attraction are active p[]s ess5tial to & inh]5t 9 matt]4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 0 by no means ! doctr9e ( ,newton1 & he 0 c>eful to gu>d 8 read]s aga9/ any su* misappreh5sion ( 8 mean+4 ,! words attraction1 repulsion1 or t5d5cies ( :atev] k9d t[>d a c5tre1 ,i use indiff]5tly & )\t di/9ction = ea* o!r1 consid]+ ^! =ces n physically b metaphysically4 ,:]e=e let n ! read] suppose t by words ( ?is k9d ,i any :]e mean a species or mode ( action1 or cause1 or physical reason2 or t ,i really & 9 a physical s5se assign =ces to c5tres 7:i* are only ma!matical po9ts71 ev5 ?\gh ,i may say t c5tres attract1 or t =ces belong to c5tres4#bga ,! hi/ory ( sci5tific op9ion on ! po9t be=e u furni%es a /rik+ illu/ration ( ! mann] 9 :i* language reacts on ! ideas :i* x is int5d$ to express1 & ?us m5 fall into ! habit ( talk+ nons5se )\t kn[+ x4 ,! conception ( atoms hav+ ! prop]ty ( ex]t+ v>i\s =ces across a void space seem$ to foll[ z a matt] ( c\rse f ! discov]y ( ! law ( gravitation1 & f ! language 9 :i* x is express$4 ,aft] ,newton a s*ool arose :i* taught t atoms h ! prop]ty ( ex]t+ =ce at a di/ance1 & t ?is prop]ty mu/ be inh]5t 9 ! atoms1 j z ,lucretius taught t h>dness & ela/icity 7 orig9al indefeasible prop]ties ( ! primordial elem5ts1 ! sem9a r]um1 or se$s ( ?+s4 ,b ,newton did n tea* ?is2 he /at$ a fact1 b did n devise an hypo!sis2 he attempt$ no explanation ( ! law ( gravitation4 ,! law ( gravitation consid]$ z a result is beautifully simple2 9 a few words x expresses a fact f :i* mo/ num]\s & complex results may be d$uc$ by m]e reason+--results f\nd inv>iably to agree ) ! records ( obs]vation2 b ?is same law ( gravitation look$ ^u z an axiom or fir/ pr9ciple is s a/oni%+ly f> remov$ f all ord9>y exp]i5ce z to be almo/ incr$ible4 ,:at6 e p>ticle 9 ! :ole univ]se is actively attract+ e o!r p>ticle t is1 e p>ticle 9 ! univ]se ) ! same =ce1 )\t any exp5diture ( =ce1 ?r\gh void1 )\t ! aid ( any communication by means ( matt]1 or o!rwise--ea* p>ticle1 un*eck$ by di/ance1 unimp$$ by ob/acles1 ?r[s ?is miracul\s influ5ce to inf9ite di/ance )\t ! employm5t ( any means6#bgb ,no p>ticle int]f]es ) its neighbor1 b all ^! wond]ful influ5ces are co-exi/5t 9 e po9t 9 space6 ,! result is app>5t at ea* p>ticle1 b ! condition ( int]m$iate space is exactly ! same z ?\gh no su* influ5ce 7 be+ transmitt$ across x6 ,e>? attracts ,sirius across space1 & yet ! space betwe5 is z if nei!r ,e>? nor ,sirius exi/$6 ,c ^! ?+s be8 ,we ?9k n2 & ,newton himself did n affirm ?is4#bgc ,on ! contr>y1 he e>ne/ly rejects any su* hypo!sis4 ,x is inconceivable t inanimate brute matt] %\ld1 )\t ! m$iation ( some?+ else :i* is n mat]ial1 op]ate ^u & affect o!r matt] )\t mutual contact1 z x mu/ d if gravitation1 9 ! s5se ( ,epicurus1 be ess5tial to & inh]5t 9 matt]4444 ,t gravitation %\ld be innate1 inh]5t1 & ess5tial to matt]1 s t "o body may act ^u ano!r at a di/ance1 ?r\gh a vacuum1 )\t ! m$iation ( any ?+ else1 by & ?r\gh :i* _! action & =ce may be convey$ f "o to ano!r1 is to me s great an absurdity t ,i believe no man :o has 9 philosophical matt]s a compet5t faculty ( ?9k+ c ev] fall into x4 ,gravity mu/ be caus$ by an ag5t act+ con/antly accord+ to c]ta9 laws4#bgd ,! anci5t axiom t ,matt] c n act :]e x is n any m ?an :5 x is n1 0 univ]sally believ$ till ,newton's "t1 & ,newton himself reg>d$ x z a self-evid5t tru?4 ,"s ( 8 disciples ass]t$ t gravitation mu/ be consid]$ z an ess5tial prop]ty ( matt]1 & !y 7 "u ! necessity ( assum+ t atoms c ex]t a =ce ^u "o ano!r across a void4 ,?is to ,leibnitz 0 ei!r miracul\s or absurd2 & 9 mod]n times ! doctr9e is reject$ by ! fir/ physici/s--by ,f>aday1 ,helmholtz1 ,?omson1 ,tait1 & ,maxwell4#bge ,sir ,william ,?omson1 ! ,newton ( mod]n physics1 says emphatically1 ,i h no fai? :atev] 9 attractions & repulsions act+ at a di/ance betwe5 c5tres ( =ce accord+ to v>i\s laws4#bgf ,& ,cl]k ,maxwell1 9 8 lecture on ,action at a ,di/ance1#bgg expla9s h[ ,f>aday1 by 8 discov]y ( magnetic rotation ( pol>iz$ light1 & by 8 %[+ h[ l9es ( =ce arise 9 m$ia1 rudely %ook ! !ory ( attraction & repulsion at a di/ance across a void4 ,if1 n[1 direct action at a di/ance is reject$ by sci5tific m5 z inconceivable & absurd1 h[ c x be t ! sun pulls ! e>? t[>d x1 & holds ! planets 9 _! orbits8 ,! v]bal /atem5t ( ! law ( gravitation is no answ] to ?is "q4 ,x expresses a fact1 b x does n assign a cause4 ,gravitation is a ph5om5on :i* dem&s an explanation1 & "s ( ! fir/ sci5ti/s ( ! day are engag$ 9 devis+ a !ory :i* %all af=d a rational answ] to ! "q1 ,:at is ! cause ( gravity8#bgh ,! fir/ & mo/ fundam5tal presupposition = any physical hypo!sis :i* seeks to expla9 ! action ( gravitation is t "s m$ium ( communication exi/s4 ,?is is sugge/$ by e physical analogy4 ,s\nd is communicat$ ?r\gh a m$ium4 ,! influ5ce :i* is ex]t$ at a di/ance by heat1 light1 electricity1 & magnetism is effect$ ?r\gh m$ia4 ,! mo/ plausible sugge/ion yet made is t a s+le omnipres5t fluid1 e!r1 fills ! univ]se1 :i* by v>i\s =ms or modes ( motion transmits light1 radiant heat1 magnetism1 & electricity4#bgi ,may n gravitation1 x is ask$1 be transmitt$ by ! same fluid8 may x n consi/ ( or result f actual recurr+ impulses propagat$ 9 e!real waves8 ,! hypo!sis t gravitation is transmitt$ ?r\gh ! same m$ium z light1 or inde$ ?r\gh any m$ium1 is encumb]$ ) s]i\s if n insup]able difficulties4 ,all transmission ( :atev] k9d--( a lett] by ! po/1 a gun%ot1 a s\nd1 a wave ( light1 an electro-magnetic di/urbance--occupies "t4 ,x has a velocity--sometimes a v great "o1 z 9 ! case ( light2 /ill x is a measurable velocity4 ,b1 accord+ to ,h]s*el1 ! pull :i* ! sun ex]ts on ! e>? is deliv]$ in/antane\sly4 ,7 x n s !re w\ld be a cont9ually progressive increase ( ! major axis ( ! e>?'s orbit1 & !re=e ( ! l5g? ( ! ye>4#bhj ,surely x mu/ be obvi\s to e "o t ! in/antane\s transmission ( ! sun's attractive =ce to ! planet ,neptune1 ?ree ?\s& millions ( miles di/ant1 ?r\gh a physical m$ium l ! e!r1 w\ld be z great a miracle z action at a di/ance ?r\gh a p]fect void4 ,b ! advocates ( ?is hypo!sis h n !reby escap$ ! difficulties ( action at a di/ance4 ,! majority ( physici/s reg>d ! lum9if]\s e!r z consi/+ ( discrete p>ticles--elem5t>y molecules ( inconceivable m9ut5ess & t5uity4 ,^! ultimate p>ticles or atoms ( highly att5uat$ matt] mu/ h "s magnitude1 "s ext5sion1 h[ev] inconceivably m9ute4 ,if ext5d$1 !y mu/ h "s =m1 & mu/ occupy sep>ate positions 9 space4 ,if !y are capable ( motions--undulatory1 rotatory1 or spiral motions--!y c n be 9 mutual contact4 ,conceive1 !n1 two su* atoms1 & draw ar\nd ea* an imag9>y circle4 ,let ^! circles t\* at ! middle po9t betwe5 ! two1 & ask y\rself ! "q1 ,:at exi/s !re8 ,on ! hypo!sis "u consid]ation y are b\nd to answ] pure1 empty space--t is1 pure no?+4 ,b if !re is no matt] betwe5 ! atoms1 !n all _! actions1 "o ^u ! o!r1 mu/ be ex]t$ across a void--t is1 ?r\gh a m$ium ( no?+ness2 9 o!r words1 ?r\gh no m$ium at all4 ,n[ ! size ( ! int]val makes no diff]5ce 9 ! argum5t4 ,:e!r t int]val be ! #ib billion? ( an in*1 or ! #ib millions ( miles or !reab\ts betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun1 x is /ill action at a di/ance1 & no escape4#bha ,! physici/ :o reg>ds ! e!r z consi/+ ( discrete p>ticles n 9 bodily or actual contact1 & at ! same "t f9ds himself logically compell$ to reject ?is my/ical action at a di/ance1 has no alt]native b to accept ! doctr9e ( ,newton t ! action ( "o p>ticle ( matt] ^u ano!r is m$iat$ by an ag5t :i* is n mat]ial4 ,if x be true t ! conception ( =ce z ! orig9ator ( motion 9 matt] )\t bodily contact 444 is ess5tial to ! "r int]pretation ( ph5om5a2 & if x be equally true1 on ! o!r h&1 t its ex]tion makes itself manife/ to our p]sonal consci\sness by t peculi> s5sation ( ef=t :i* is n )\t its analogue 9 purely intellectual acts ( ! m9d1 x i4 e41 =ce comes n unnaturally to be reg>d$ z af=d+ a po9t ( contact1 a connect+ l9k betwe5 ^! two great dep>tm5ts ( be+--betwe5 m9d & matt]--! "o z ! orig9ator1 ! o!r z ! recipi5t ( =ce4#bhb ,!re are di/+ui%$ physici/s--z ,helmholtz1 ,?omson1 ,*allis1 & ,maxwell--:o seek to escape ! difficulties ( action at a di/ance by ! assumption t ! e!r is absolutely cont9u\s 7& !re=e does n consi/ ( atoms7--a p]fectly homog5e\s1 incompressible1 frictionless fluid :i* fills ! univ]se4 ,?is fundam5tal presupposition z ! basis ( a physical !ory ( ! univ]se necessitates ! fur!r assumption t motion is ! v ess5ce ( :at has be5 hi!rto call$ matt]4#bhc ,all quantitative & qualitative ph5om5a1 all /atical & dynamical ph5om5a1 are due solely to v>i$ modes ( motion 9 ! primordial fluid4 ,by v>i\s motions ( ! nature ( eddies r+-vortices1 ! qualities ( matt]--cohesion1 ela/icity1 h>dness1 weight1 mass1 or o!r univ]sal prop]ties ( matt]--are giv5 to small portions ( ! fluid :i* con/itute ! *emical atom1 & ^!1 by modifications 9 _! comb9ations1 =m1 & motion1 produce ! accid5tal ph5om5a ( gross matt]4444 ,on ?is view1 gross matt] w\ld be m]ely an assemblage ( p>ts ( ! m$ium mov+ 9 a peculi> way1 gr\ps ( r+-vortices hav+ in]tia4444 ,! prim>y fluid by o!r motions transmits light1 radiant heat1 magnetism1 & gravitation4#bhd ,x may be reg>d$ z an act ( presumption 9 an obscure critic to (f] an op9ion ( ! !ories ( ^! great ma/]s 9 sci5ce4 ,we v5ture1 h[ev]1 to sugge/ t mo/ m5 w f9d a difficulty 9 conceiv+ h[ space absolutely full ( matt] c be made to conta9 m1 or h[ a truly cont9u\s sub/ance c be capable ( cond5sation4 ,! mo/ t5u\s e!r1 if x be absolutely cont9u\s1 occupies ! :ole ( ! space 9 :i* x lies--t is1 !re is no po9t ( ! space :i* is n occupi$ by a po9t ( matt]4#bhe ,b ! h>de/ iron c d no m ?an ?is1 &1 !re=e1 on ?is hypo!sis x seems impossible to acc\nt = its great] d5sity4 ,x is sugge/$ t if molecules are m]e assemblages ( p>ts ( ! e!r mov+ 9 a peculi> way1 !n great] d5sity may be due to a modification 9 ! motion ( molecules1 & n m]ely to ! great] frequ5cy ( ! eddy+ molecules 9 a giv5 space4 ,b h[ c a truly cont9u\s sub/ance h p>ts1 & h[ c relative motion occur 9 an absolute pl5um8 ,! v notion ( p>ticles is q inconsi/5t ) ! cont9uity ( matt]2 & 9 a univ]se absolutely full no motion :atev] w\ld be possible4 ,we are told t ,sir ,william ,?omson & ,pr(essor ,tait f9d no difficulty 9 all ^!1 to our m9ds1 contradictory conceptions1 & !re=e we mu/ conclude t our intellect is n prop]ly focuss$ s z to give def9ition )\t pr5umbral haze4 ,grant+1 !n1 ! absolute cont9uity ( all matt]1 & ! possibility ( motion 9 an absolute pl5um1 ! "q :i* conc]ns u mo/ 9 ?is essay is1 ,h[ is motion g5]at$ & su/a9$8 ,"o ( ! greate/ lights ( ?is new s*ool tells u t all we c affirm ( matt] is t x is ! recipi5t ( impulse & ( en]gy4#bhf ,!y no long] reg>d ! atom z a my/ic po9t end[$ ) in]tia & ! attribute ( attract+ & repell+ o!r su* c5tres ) =ces dep5d+ on ! int]v5+ di/ances4#bhg ,!y h no fai? :atev] 9 attractions & repulsions act+ at a di/ance betwe5 c5tres ( =ce4#bhh ,=ce1 !n1 is n reg>d$ by ^! lead+ physici/s z an inh]5t attribute ( matt]4 ,! prim>y fluid1 orig9ally in]t & motionless1 mu/ h be5 set 9 motion by "s =ce1 by "s ag5cy ext]nal to & di/9ct f itself4 ,an orig9al impetus f )\t1 accord+ to ,maxwell1#bhi or a pressure ( ! univ]sal e!r f some:]e outside ! _w ( />s1 accord+ to ,*allis1#bij mu/ be ! s\rce ( all motion & all =ms ( en]gy 9 ! univ]se4 ,x is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( dynamics t =ce is :olly exp5d$ 9 ! action x produces1#bia !re=e1 if all ! =ms ( en]gy 9 ! univ]se are ! result ( pressure1 t pressure mu/ be cont9u\s2 if !y are ! result ( impulses1 ^! impulses mu/ be incessantly r5ew$1 & mu/ recur ) immeasurable rapidity4 ,on ei!r supposition1 ! univ]se is n ev5 tempor>ily automatic1 b mu/ be f$ f mom5t to mom5t by an ag5cy ext]nal to itself1 & ! pres]vation ( ! univ]se is effect$ only by ! unceas+ exp5diture ( enorm\s quantities ( "w2#bib t is1 x is ceaselessly su/a9$ by ,div9e ,omnipot5ce--,he upholde? all ?+s by ! ^w ( 8 p[]4 ,s mu* ) respect to ! fir/ =m ( ?is hypo!sis :i* reg>ds atomic attraction z ! sole _w-=m+ & _w-cons]v+ =ce4 ,we turn n[ to t =m ( ! hypo!sis :i* consid]s atomic repulsion z ! gr& primal =ce 9 :i* all ! o!r physical =ces1 ev5 gravitation itself1 h _! orig94 ,?is view is pres5t$ by ,pr(essor ,w4 ,a4 ,norton1 9 8 articles ,on ,cosmical & ,molecul> ,physics 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts4 ,8 !ory re/s ess5tially ^u ! foll[+ pr9ciples3 #a4 ,! doctr9e ( in]tia appli$ to all matt]4 #b4 ,! exi/5ce ( a s+le prim>y =ce ( repulsion ex]t$ by e atom ^u e o!r atom4 #c4 ,! exi/5ce ( b "o prim>y =m ( elem5t>y matt]1 viz41 ! univ]sal or lum9if]\s e!r2 ! atoms1 s call$1 ( ord9>y matt]1 & ( ! electric e!r be+ b diff]5t masses ( cond5s$ lum9if]\s e!r4 #d4 ,! doctr9e ( ! int]ception ( =ce by matt]4 ,?is is a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! fact t a c]ta9 portion ( ! propagat$ =ce is in/antly exp5d$ 9 imp>t+ motion to ! molecules or atoms :i* x enc\nt]s1 & is !re=e ab/ract$ f ?is =ce4 #e4 ,! prim>y =ce ( repulsion is made up ( impulses recurr+ ) an immeasurable rapidity4 ,?is is no new hypo!sis4 ,9 all treatises on ,me*anics1 gravity & all incessant =ces are conceiv$ to consi/ ( an indef9itely great numb] ( impulses tak+ effect 9 a f9ite int]val ( "t4#bic ,! ev]-recurr+ pulses ( ! prim>y cosmical =ce1 emanat+ f all ! atoms ( ! "o prim>y =m ( matt]1 are directly consum$ 9 communicat+ opposite movem5ts1 or virtual movem5ts1 to e atom 9 ! univ]se4 ,x is1 z ,i conceive1 because 9 ! exi/+ condition ( ?+s ! di/ribution ( matt] is unequal 9 diff]5t directions r\nd a po9t1 & !re=e ! p>tial int]ception ( ! impulses ( ! cosmical =ce along ! diff]5t l9es ( direction is unequal1 t an effective gravitat+ =ce exi/s4#bid ,! entire am\nt ( ! cosmical =ce consum$ 9 any int]val ( "t is ! am\nt int]cept$ by all ! atoms ( matt]1 & is indep5d5t ( ! motions t result f ! inequalities j notic$4 ,gravitation1 & molecul> & *emical attractions1 :i* orig9ate 9 ! gravitation ( electric e!r t[>d atoms ( ord9>y matt]1 are !n d]ivative =ces incid5tal to ! direct actions ex]t$ by ! cosmical =ce ^u ! atoms4#bie ,9 a communication f ,pr(essor ,norton to ! au?or1 he furni%es ! foll[+ fur!r exposition ( 8 !ory3 ,if1 z ,i conceive1 ! prim>y atomic =ce is ( ! nature ( a p]petual emanation f ea* atom1 & is exp5d$ 9 ! act ( produc+ motion1 we mu/ !nce inf] t ! atom is an entity ?r\gh :i* a /ream ( =ce is p]petually fl[+ f ! ,inf9ite ,s\rce ( all p[] & all exi/5ce4 ,t ! prim>y =ce is a =ce ( repulsion1 & t ! imm$iate s\rce ( all ! =ces t are kn[n to take effect ^u ord9>y matt] is ! action ( recurr+ repulsive impulses ^u ! atoms ( ! univ]sal e!r1 & _! subsequ5t propagation & p>tial int]ception by ! atoms :i* !y enc\nt]1 ,i inf] f ! fact t ?is conception furni%es a rational explanation ( all ! kn[n =ces & ph5om5a ( inanimate nature4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! !ory ( ,pr(essor ,norton gives no c\nt5ance to ! mat]iali/ic t5d5cies ( ! physical sci5ce ( ! age4 ,he is decid$ly ( ! op9ion t =ce is n an inh]5t & ess5tial attribute ( matt]1 & he dev\tly ackn[l$ges t 9 foll[+ ! *a9 ( cause & effect into ! prec9cts ( t mo/ deeply hidd5 ( all my/]ies1 ! orig9 ( =ce1 we h come into ! pres5ce ( ! ,inf9ite ,_s :o puts =? unceas+ly1 f e po9t 9 ! realms ( space1 8 creative & su/a9+ p[] ^u ! subtile matt] t fills all space1 & is ! ess5tial sub/ance ( all worlds4#bif #c4 ,! ?ird hypo!sis is t ( a pla/ic nature1 int]m$iate betwe5 ,god & ! mat]ial univ]se1 by :i* all ! ph5om5a ( visible nature are produc$4 ,?is hypo!sis 0 fir/ pres5t$ 7at lea/ 9 mod]n times7 by ,ralph ,cudwor?1 9 8 ,true ,intellectual ,sy/em ( ! ,univ]se4#big ,9 opposition to ,democritus1 :o expla9$ all ph5om5a by means ( matt] & motion2 & also 9 opposition to ,/rato1 :o taught t matt] is ! only sub/ance1 b at ! same "t a liv+ & active =ce1 ,cudwor? ma9ta9s t !re is a pla/ic nature--a vital & spiritual1 b unconsci\s en]gy1 di/9ct f & creat$ by ! ,deity1 :i* do? drudg+ly execute t "p ( 8 provid5ce :i* consi/e? 9 ! regul> & ord]ly motion ( matt]1#bih & 9 ! organization & developm5t ( plants & animals1 accord+ to laws prescrib$ = x by a p]fect intellect1 & impress$ ^u x4#bii ,?is pla/ic nature is an inf]ior k9d ( life or s\l1 de/itute ( all consci\sness1#cjj :i*1 ?\gh x acts = ! sake ( ends1 does n "k ! reason ( :at x does1 & !re=e op]ates fatally & sympa!tically4#cja ,! argum5ts urg$ by ,cudwor? 9 support ( ?is hypo!sis are ma9ly ( a negative "*4 ,on ! "o h& he endeavors to %[ t =ce & vitality are n ess5tial attributes ( matt]1 & on ! o!r h& t ! motion & life ( ! univ]se c n be prop]ly reg>d$ z ! direct action ( ! ,deity ^u matt]4 ,x is ) ?is latt] "p ( ! argum5t t we are "h imm$iately conc]n$4 ,he urges 7#a7 t if e ?+ 9 nature 7 done imm$iately by ,god1 x w\ld r5d] ,div9e ,provid5ce oporose1 solicit\s1 & di/racti\s2 &1 fur!rmore1 x w\ld be unbecom+ ! ,div9e ,maje/y1 & indecor\s1 = ,god imm$iately to d all ! meane/ & trifl+e/ ?+s ,himself drudg+ly4 ,he ma9ta9s 7#b7 t if ,god d all ?+s imm$iately1 !n he does !m miracul\sly--t is1 =cibly & viol5tly4 ,& 7#c7 t ! imm$iate ag5cy ( ,god is inconsi/5t ) t sl[ & gradual developm5t ( ?+s we see 9 nature1 :i* w\ld seem to be a trifl+ =mality if ! ag5t 7 omnipot5t1 & especially inconsi/5t ) ^? errors & bungl+s :i* are committ$ :5 ! matt] is inept & contumaci\s4 ,:]e=e x may be conclud$ t !re is a pla/ic nature "u ,god :i*1 z an inf]ior ag5t1 do? drudg+ly execute t "p ( 8 provid5ce :i* consi/s 9 ! regul> & ord]ly motion ( matt]1 yet s t !re is also a high] provid5ce1 :i*1 presid+ ov] x1 do? (t5 supply ! defects ( x1 & sometimes ov]rule x2 =asmu* z ! pla/ic nature c n act electively nor ) discretion4 ,s t1 aft] all1 z ,plato says1 ,god is ! beg9n+ & end & middle ( all ?+s1 & !re=e _! be+ is z mu* to be ascrib$ to 8 causality z if ,himself _h done all ?+s imm$iately )\t ! concurr5t in/rum5tality ( any subord9ate natural cause4#cjb ,!re is no?+ orig9al 9 ?is hypo!sis ( a pla/ic nature except p]haps ! "n4 ,x is ! old anima mundi ( ! ,platonic physics1 a vital s\l ( ! _w1 di/9ct f b creat$ by ! ,supreme ,god4 ,x has reappe>$ "u v>i\s names 9 ! hi/ory ( natural sci5ce1 especially 9 t dep>tm5t :i* is n[ compreh5d$ "u ! g5]al "n ( ,biology4 ,! motus tonico-vitalis ( ,/ahl1 ! animat+ pr9ciple ( ,h>vey1 ! mat]ia vit ( ,john ,hunt]1 ! organic =ce ( ,mll]1 & ! organic ag5t ( ,dr4 ,pr\t1 are all b sep>ate names = an imag9>y pr9ciple1 or entity1 possess+ p[]s & prop]ties :i* 7h[ev] m5 may try to impress !mselves ) a contr>y notion7 w\ld entitle x to rank z an intellig5t ag5t4 ,x is true t1 accord+ to mo/ ( ! advocates ( ?is doctr9e1 ?is p[] is suppos$ to be sup]9t5d$ & controll$ by ! ,deity himself1 & by ?is supposition !y h scre5$ !mselves aga9/ ! accusation ( attribut+ to a creature ! p[]s ( ! ,creator4#cjc ,cudwor?'s hypo!sis ( a pla/ic nature has be5 rec5tly reproduc$1 )\t ! slighte/ recognition ( its pat]nity1 by ,joseph ,john ,murphy1 "u ! "n ( unconsci\s intellig5ce--a p[] transc5d+ ! ord9>y prop]ties ( matt] & adapt+ means to purposes1 presid+ ov] all vital actions1 :e!r =mative1 motor1 or m5tal1 direct+ ea* action to its specific end4#cjd ,mr4 ,murphy is v solicit\s t we %\ld n und]/& him to tea* t ! =mative intellig5ce :i* 9 nature adapts /ructure to function is ,div9e4 ,i believe1 he says1 t ! ,creator has n sep>ately organiz$ e /ructure1 b has end[$ vitaliz$ matt] ) intellig5ce1 "u ! guidance ( :i* x organizes itself4#cje ,?is unconsci\s intellig5ce1 :i* builds ! tissues & fa%ions ! organs ( plants & animals1 becomes consci\s ( itself 9 ! delib]ate ?\ght ( man4#cjf ,x is wor?y ( note t ?is hypo!sis comm5ds itself to ! m9d ( ,murphy by consid]ations ak9 to ^? :i* are urg$ by ,cudwor?2 & especially because x is suppos$ to relieve c]ta9 moral difficulties connect$ ) ! belief ( a ,div9e purpose 9 creation--z1 = example1 ! exi/5ce ( p>asitic worms :i* inflict pa9 & disease on be+s end[$ ) s5sation & consci\sness1 & ! pres5ce ( immoral in/9cts 9 high] =ms ( animal life4#cjg ,we readily grant t ! relation ( ,god to ! exi/+ ord] & economy ( ! _w is my/]i\s2 & we believe t no conceivable hypo!sis c deprive x ( ?is my/]i\sness4 ,!re are num]\s difficulties :i* arise f ! imp]fection ( our k & ! limit$ range ( our p[]s4 ,we see ?r\gh an obscure m$ium1 & we "k only 9 "p4 ,!re are also difficulties peculi> to individual m9ds--intellectual1 e?ical1 emotional difficulties--:i* are ! products ( a peculi> culture1 or ! (fspr+ ( c]ta9 !oretical prepossessions4 ,"s ( ^! difficulties may be reliev$ by ! hypo!sis ( unconsci\s intellig5ce1 b on a fur!r exam9ation x w be f\nd t ?is hypo!sis is emb>rass$ ) /ill great] difficulties & op5 to m s]i\s objections bo? intellectual & moral4 ,fir/1 !re is ! difficulty ( =m+ any conception ( unconsci\s intellig5ce4 ,?is has be5 felt by ! able/ m9ds4 ,! hypo!sis1 says ,wallace1 has ! d\ble disadvantage ( be+ bo? un9telligible & incapable ( any k9d ( pro(4#cjh ,miv>t obs]ves t ! phrase w to _m m9ds appe> to be little less ?an a contradiction 9 t]ms2 ! v fir/ condition ( an intellig5ce be+ t1 if x "k any ?+1 x %\ld at lea/ "k its own exi/5ce4#cji ,mr4 ,murphy tells u t ?is unconsci\s intellig5ce adapts means to ends1 x presides ov] all vital actions1 direct+ ea* action to its specific end4#caj ,b an intellig5ce adapt+ means to ends )\t any k 7consci\sness7 ( ei!r ! ends to be secur$ or ! means to be employ$ to secure ! end surpasses all compreh5sion & all belief4 ,we c readily believe1 ) ,hamilton1 t ! human m9d ex]ts en]gies & is ! subject ( modifications ( :i* x is n imm$iately consci\s1 ! comb9$ results ( :i* are manife/$ 9 ! complex fact ( consci\sness4 ,b to call t intellig5ce :i* nev] _h a p]ception1 a ?\ght1 an emotion2 :i* has no k ( self or ( any ?+ else2 9 %ort1 :i* is n & nev] 0 consci\s1 is to r$uce philosophic t]m9ology to *aos1 & tantalize ?\ght by mean+less words4 ,an intellig5t ag5t is "o :o und]/&s1 :o di/+ui%es betwe5 subject & object1 :o kn[s ?+s 9 _! relations1 :o c unite ! t]ms ( a relation 9 ?\ght1 & judge ( _! congruity or incongruity1 all ( :i* are consci\s op]ations4 ,intellig5ce is consci\sness 7consci5tia relational k72 unconsci\s intellig5ce is unconsci\s consci\sness1 un9tellig5t intellig5ce1 :i* is a contradiction & an absurdity4 ,secondly1 9 endeavor+ to f9d ! m5tal /&-po9t ( ,mr4 ,murphy1 9 ord] t we may fairly e/imate 8 hypo!sis1 we enc\nt] ! /ill m s]i\s difficulty ( conceiv+ h[ unconsci\s intellig5ce c exi/ ap>t f "s subject or sub/ratum 9 :i* x inh]es4 ,we are aw>e t ! t5d5cy ( mod]n ?\ght is to hypo/atize =ce & intellig5ce1 & conceive !m z entities4 ,we h consci5ti\sly made ! attempt aga9 & aga9 to realize ?is conception1 b we mu/ confess we c only conceive ( =ce & intellig5ce z prop]ties or attributes ( "s subject4 ,x is beyond our ability1 & we imag9e x is beyond ! ability ( ,mr4 ,murphy1 to conceive ( =ce )\t some?+ t ex]ts =ce1 ( intellig5ce )\t a be+ :o is intellig5t4 ,inde$1 ,mr4 ,murphy conc$es t :]e !re are prop]ties !re mu/ be a sub/ance1#caa & by sub/ance1 he says1 he und]/&s und]ly+ reality4#cab ,unconsci\s intellig5ce1 if !re be su* a ?+1 mu/ be an attribute or quality inh]5t 9 "s und]ly+ sub/ance4 ,b ,mr4 ,murphy ass]ts !re is no sci5tific basis = ! old belief 9 a di/9ct m5tal sub/ance#cac--t is1 if we und]/& him aright1 s f> z f9ite m9d is conc]n$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he di/9ctly affirms t ?is unconsci\s intellig5ce is n ,div9e intellig5ce4 ,! p[] & intellig5ce :i* "w 9 ! _w ( matt] & m9d are n ! ,div9e p[] & intellig5ce4#cad ,unconsci\s intellig5ce1 !n1 mu/ be an end[m5t ( vitaliz$ matt]2#cae & life has its orig9 9 no second>y cause1 b 9 ! direct action ( creative p[]4#caf ,n[ ! "q arises1 ,:at is matt]8 ,on ?is po9t we mu/ be c>eful n to misund]/& or misrepres5t ,mr4 ,murphy4 ,matt]1 :e!r view$ f a metaphysical or f an inductive po9t ( view1 is kn[n only z a function ( =ce1 & c be describ$ only 9 t]ms ( =ce4 ,9 o!r words1 ! univ]se is no?+ b a manife/ation ( =ce4 ,& n[ we ask1 ,( :at =ce8 ,=ce1 says ,mr4 ,murphy1 is kn[n to u by imm$iate consci\sness z a function ( our own m9d & w2 t is to say1 ! m9d1 act+ 9 w1 is consci\s ( itself z a =ce--& we are able to conceive ( =ce 9 no o!r way2 ! only conception ( =ce :i* we are able to frame is t ( volunt>y =ce1 or ! ex]tion ( w4 ,ei!r ! =ce manife/$ 9 ! univ]se is ! =ce ( a ,creative ,w1 or we are able to =m no conception ( x :atev]4#cag ,c !re be any possibility ( misund]/&+ ?is language8 ,matt] itself is n an entity1 n a sub/ance2 x is a ph5om5on1 n a reality4 ,matt] is a function ( =ce4 ,=ce is a fact ( m9d1 & !re=e spiritual4 ,consequ5tly matt] c only be conceiv$ z spiritual4#cah ,& n[ let u recall ! /atem5t ( ,mr4 ,murphy t !re is no f9ite1 creat$1 und]ly+ reality = ! ph5om5a ( m9d & w--no di/9ct m5tal sub/ance4 ,if we hold to ?is doctr9e1 !n we mu/ say ) ,mr4 ,murphy aga9 t ! p[]s ( matt] & m9d alike are ! result & expression ( a ,liv+ ,w--& if a ,liv+ ,w1 !n also an ,intellig5t ,w4#cai ,! f9al & only conclusion is t ,god1 ! ,self-exi/5t ,be+1 is ! "o only und]ly+ reality or sub/ance 9 ! univ]se2 all ! =ce 9 ! univ]se is ! =ce ( ! ,creative ,w1 & all ! intellig5ce 9 ! univ]se a modification ( ! ,div9e ,?\ght4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is ,pan!ism1 ev5 accord+ to t v defective def9ition ( ,pan!ism giv5 by ,mr4 ,murphy3 ,pan!ism is ! id5tification ( ! ,div9e p[] & intellig5ce ) ! p[]s & intellig5ces t "w 9 ! _w ( matt] & m9d4#cbj ,/ill1 ,mr4 ,murphy decl>es1 ,i am n a ,pan!i/2 & we are b\nd to accept 8 disclaim]--! p[] & intellig5ce :i* "w 9 nature are n id5tical ) ! ,div9e p[] & intellig5ce4 ,be x s2 !n !re is p[]1 & !re is intellig5ce 9 nature1 :i* are n attributes ( any reality1 & :i* d n inh]e 9 any sub/ance2 & we come r\nd to ! orig9al difficulty ( conceiv+ ( an attribute ap>t f a subject4 ,! read] c n h fail$ to see t ,mr4 ,murphy has be5 lead+ u r\nd a vici\s circle4 ,=ce is a function ( matt]1 & matt] is a function ( =ce4#cba ,matt] is only explicable z a function ( =ce1 =ce only explicable z a function ( consci\s m9d1#cbb & m9d is "o ( ! functions ( matt]4#cbc ,x is p]fectly c]ta91 says ,mr4 ,murphy1 t inductive psy*ology gives no h9t ( any m5tal sub/ance z di/+ui%$ f ! mat]ial sub/ance ( ! bra94#cbd ,b ! mat]ial sub/ance ( ! bra9 aft] all is n mat]ial2 matt] c only be conceiv$ z spiritual#cbe--t is1 z =ce4 ,!re is no und]ly+ reality :i* m5 call matt]1 & !re is no und]ly+ reality :i* m5 call _s4 ,matt] is _s1 _s is matt]2 b 9 reality nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r has any sub/antial reality4 ,if all f9ite exi/5ces are b modes ( ! ,inf9ite ,be+1 we h a consi/5t ,pan!ism at any rate4 ,b if all f9ite exi/5ces are simply ph5om5a )\t any und]ly+ reality1 !n p]ception is a dream1 & my exi/5ce ! dream ( t dream4 ,?irdly1 ! hypo!sis ( an unconsci\s intellig5ce1 di/9ct f ! ,supreme ,intellig5ce1 :i* does ! drudg]y ( ,provid5ce1 & to :i* ! defects & disord]s & immoralities ( nature are ascrib$1 is nei!r adequate nor satisfactory4 ,! conceit ( ,cudwor? t x is unbecom+ ! ,div9e ,maje/y to be imm$iately conc]n$ 9 e ?+ t takes place 9 nature is sc>cely wor?y ( consid]ation3 ,if x 7 n congru\s 9 respect ( ! /ate & maje/y ( ,x]xes1 ! k+ ( ,p]sia1 t he %\ld condesc5d to d all ! meane/ (fices himself1 mu* less c ?is be ?\ght decor\s 9 respect ( ,god4#cbf ,human conceptions ( :at is great or small1 dignifi$ or indecor\s1 are m]ely relative conceptions :i* v>y ) our k1 culture1 & ta/e2 b-- ,!re is no great & no small ,to ! s\l t make? all4--,em]son4 ,= ! ,creator ( all ?+s an atom is an ample field 9 :i* to display ! res\rces ( 8 omnipot5ce4 ,! m ! microscope & spectroscope reveal ( ! inf9itely little1 ! m d we see ( ! greatness & glory ( ,god4 ,s ( m5's conceptions ( :at is dignifi$ or indecor\s2 x may be t1 9 a l& & an age :]e labor is held 9 contempt1 x becomes ! /ate ( an ,ea/]n mon>* t he %\ld live 9 voluptu\s ease1 b ! foll[]s ( ,him :o said1 ,my ,fa!r worke? hi!rto1 & ,i "w1 h le>n$ to believe 9 ! dignity ( labor1 & to reg>d all true "w z div9e4 ,an imp]fect human rul] c n d e ?+1 !re=e he mu/ employ ag5ts & m9i/]s2 ! ,omnipot5t ,rul] ( ! univ]se c d all ?+s1 & ne$s no subord9ate m9i/ry4 ,a f9ite m9d c n "k e ?+1 & (t5 /agg]s b5ea? ! burd5 ( its limit$ acquisitions2 ! ,inf9ite ,m9d mu/ "k all ?+s1 & c n be p]plex$ amid ! b\ndless pr(usion ( its own creations4 ,x is only a *ildi% impot5ce or a b>b>ic vanity :i* sees ! ne$ ( supplem5t>y ag5cies to add to ! spl5dor & effici5cy ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,are n two sp>r[s sold = a f>?+8 & "o ( !m %all n fall on ! gr\nd )\t y\r ,fa!r4 ,! v hairs ( y\r head are all numb]$4 ,su* views exalt r ?an dim9i% our rev]5ce = ! maje/y ( ,god4 ,b !re is nei!r congruity nor dignity 9 ! hypo!sis t ,god has associat$ ) ,himself an ag5t :i* is unconsci\s1 ^: action ,he mu/ direct1#cbg & ^: %ortcom+s & defects ,he mu/ supply4#cbh ,dr4 ,mo%eim1 ! annotator ( ,cudwor?'s ,intellectual ,sy/em1 p]t95tly rem>ks3 ,t ma/] has en\gh to d :o mu/ cont9ually take c>e t ! s]vants he employs1 unskillful & devoid ( reason1 d n err2 :o mu/ preside ov] ! actions ( 8 ag5ts1 & cont9ually rem$y ! defects & mis*iefs !y occasion4444 ,t ma/] is ! happi] man :o possesses ! p[] ( conduct+ 8 own affairs1 :o c d all ?+s himself1 & ne$s no s]vants :atev]4 ,b if subord9ate ag5ts are ne$$1 or if x please ! ,supreme ,be+ to employ !m1 ! presumption is c]ta9ly 9 favor ( rational consci\s ag5ts1 r ?an bl9d unconsci\s =ces :i* c nei!r conceive a purpose nor adapt means to secure x4 ,if we mu/ h =mative ag5ts1 we pref] ! junior div9ities ( ,plato or ! high] intellig5ces ( ,mr4 ,wallace4#cbi ,b ev5 admitt+ !re are defects1 de=mities1 & sup]fluities 9 nature1 we are at a loss to conceive h[ ! hypo!sis ( an unconsci\s intellig5ce1 work+ necess>ily1 removes ! blame 7if !re be any blame7 f ! ,au?or ( nature4 ,does n e !i/ believe t ! ,creator ( matt] saw & knew e purpose :i* e p>ticle & atom ( matt] %\ld subs]ve 9 all suns & sy/ems1 & ?r\gh all com+ ons ( "t8 ,mu/ n t ,intellig5t ,w1 :i* is ! f\nta9-head ( all ! =ce t sweeps l a tide ( life ?r\gh ! univ]se1 h kn[n e =m ( en]gy :i* c\ld result !refrom1 & =ese5 all ! possible effects :i* w\ld arise f ! composition ( any & all sy/ems ( =ces8 ,did n ,he :o creat$ ?is suppos$ organiz+ =ce1 :o orda9$ all its laws1 & :o directs & controls all its actions1 "k ) ma!matical precision e consequ5ce :i* c\ld possibly arise f its pre>rang$ & necessitat$ adaptations8 ,if ,god is ! creator ( ?is unconsci\s1 necessitat$ pla/ic nature1 if ,he always obs]ves :at x does1 if ,he directs & ov]rules x1 if ,he supplies "s ( its defects & corrects mo/ ( its mi/akes1 mu/ n ,he be reg>d$ z ! real cause ( all ?+s :i*1 9 popul> language1 are said to be done by nature8 ,if we believe ) ,mr4 ,murphy t ,nature is b ! "n = an effect ,^: cause is ,god1 we %all f9d no relief f ! difficulties & my/]ies ( ,div9e provid5ce by int]pos+ betwe5 ! fir/ creative volition & ! la/ ph5om5al result a s]ies ( second>y causes :i* are !mselves only effects ( ! primal creative act4 ,x 7 bett] f> to leave ! my/]y unt\*$1 & take refuge 9 fai?2 bett] to confess ! difficulties are insoluble1 & ,/ill tru/ t ,god is love inde$1 ,& love ,creation's f9al law2 ,?\gh nature1 r$ 9 too? & claw ,) rav91 %rieks aga9/ our cre$4 ,we are br\ght f9ally to ! "q :e!r1 9 reality1 !re is any ?+ defective or any ?+ sup]flu\s 9 ! normal products ( organic nature8 or1 9 o!r words1 :e!r ! ,au?or ( nature has made any ?+ inadequate to its purpose1 or :i* fulfills no purpose :atev]8 ,we v5ture to sugge/ t inductive sci5ce is n 9 possession ei!r ( ! facts or ! pr9ciples :i* are necess>y to a correct judgm5t4 ,to be compet5t to deal ) ?is "q1 sci5ce %\ld n only "k all ! purposes :i* may be fulfill$ by a s+le organism1 b also ! ultimate purpose :i* is subs]v$ by ! wondr\s play ( all ! means & relative ends :i* con/itute ! entire cosmos4 ,f> be x f u to depreciate ! a*ievem5ts or d>e to set limits to ! possibilities ( inductive sci5ce4 ,b1 assur$ly1 ! mo/ en?usia/ic sci5ti/ w admit t1 comp>$ ) ! va/ness & complexity ( natural ph5om5a1 human k is exce$+ly limit$ & v imp]fect4 ,z to ! f9al purpose ( creation--! ultimate end ( ! ,creator 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! univ]se--mod]n sci5ce does n ev5 claim to h an op9ion4#ccj ,) no k ( ! ultimate purpose ( creation1 ) a limit$ acqua9tance ) ! g5]al plan ( ! univ]se1 ) an imp]fect k ( ! reasons & ends ( individual exi/5ces1 x seems little less ?an imp]t95ce = sci5ce to sit 9 judgm5t on ! works ( ,god1 & unc]emoni\sly condemn ?is z defective & t z unnecess>y4 ,z ,bad5 ,p[ell obs]ves1 ,h[ c we und]take to affirm1 amid all ! possibilities ( ?+s ( :i* we confess$ly "k s little1 t a ?\s& ends & purposes may n be answ]$1 because we c trace none1 or ev5 imag9e none1 :i* seem to our %ort-sight$ faculties to be answ]$4#cca ,9 view ( ! fact t hi!rto ! belief 9 purpose or f9al cause has be5 ! guid+ light ( sci5ce1 & ! fur!r fact t sci5ce is e day mak+ new discov]ies z to ! utility ( exi/5ces & organs ( :i* be=e we 7 ignorant1 sci5tific m5 might le>n a pr(itable lesson1 & manife/ less audacity4#ccb ,meantime we %all be cont5t ) ! assurances ( ,scripture t ! works ( ,god are p]fect1 & t ,he ha? made no?+ 9 va94 ,we may n[ ga!r up ! sev]al ?reads ( ?\ght :i* run ?r\gh ?is essay1 & /ate our f9al conclusions3 #a4 ,matt] is ! m]ely passive or /atical condition = ! action ( =ce4#ccc ,! mo/ fundam5tal condition or *>act]i/ic ( matt]1 p]haps its only true indication1 is in]tia4#ccd ,all t we c affirm ( x is t x is ! recipi5t ( impulse & ( ,en]gy4#cce ,all ! attempts :i* h be5 made to r$uce matt] to a function or ph5om5on ( =ce h end$ 9 failure4 ,motion necess>ily implies a some?+ :i* is mov$ by ! action ( =ce4 ,ev5 t mo/ wond]ful & subtile ( all modes ( motion--light--necess>ily implies an entity :i* is mov$4 ,! magnetic rotation ( ! plane ( pol>iz$ light1 discov]$ by ,f>aday1 implies an actual rotatory motion ( some?+4 ,! see+ intellect1 says ,mr4 ,tyndall1 :5 prop]ly focus$1 mu/ realize ?is conception at la/4 ,matt] mu/ consi/ ( ultimate cont9u\s atoms or molecules possess+ in]tia & capable ( be+ mov$ 9 space4 ,by virtue ( its ext5sion & in]tia x c int]cept =ce1 trans=m =ce into en]gy1 & transmit en]gy4 ,! v>i\s =ms ( en]gy 7heat1 light1 electricity1 magnetism1 etc47 are trans=mations ( =ce result+ directly or indirectly f ! int]ception ( =ce by in]t matt]1 & all ! ph5om5a ( mat]ial nature result f ! action ( =ce ^u matt]4#ccf ,matt]1 says ,m4 ,claude ,b]n>d1 does n g5]ate ! ph5om5a :i* x manife/s4 ,x is only ! sub/ratum1 & does absolutely no?+ b give to ph5om5a ! conditions ( its manife/ation4#ccg #b4 ,=ce is t :i* orig9ates or t5ds to orig9ate motion1 or *anges or t5ds to *ange ! /ate ( a body ) reg>d to motion4 ,x is n & c n be a prop]ty ( matt]4 ,! doctr9e t =ce is an attribute ( matt] is disprov$ by ! fact ( in]tia4 ,in]t matt] c h no spontane\s p[]--x c n *ange its own /ate ( motion or re/4 ,nei!r is motion capable p] se ( produc+ motion4 ,x is a fundam5tal axiom ( natural philosophy t motion c n be g5]at$ by motion itself1 any m ?an by ! negation ( motion4 ,in]tness & ex]tion1 passivity & activity1 are contradictory attributes1 & c n be affirm$ ( ! same subject4 ,to say t matt] is in]t1 & at ! same "t t x c ex]t =ce1 is to violate ! law ( non-contradiction to ! utt]mo/4 ,=ce is an attribute ( m9d or _s1 & ( m9d or _s alone4 ,_s-=ce is ! only =ce 9 ! univ]se4 ,x is a doctr9e z old z ! hills t m9d is ! fir/ cause ( motion4 4#cch ,x is a doctr9e t[>d :i* all mod]n sci5ce t5ds ) rem>kable unanimity t all motion is ! product ( m9d2 &1 ?\gh cont9u$ & trans=m$ & transmitt$ ?r\gh v>i\s means1 x nev] comm5ces except 9 a volition ei!r ( ! ,supreme ,m9d or ( a creat$ m9d4 ,! deep-seat$ in/9cts ( humanity & ! pr(\nde/ rese>*es ( philosophy alike po9t to ,m9d z ! "o & only s\rce ( p[]4#cci ,! conception ( =ce z ! orig9ator ( motion 9 matt]1 )\t bodily contact or ! int]v5tion ( any int]m$ium1 is ess5tial to ! "r int]pretation ( physical ph5om5a2444 its ex]tion makes itself manife/ to our p]sonal consci\sness by ! peculi> s5sation ( ef=t2444 & x =ce af=ds a po9t ( contact1 a connect+ l9k betwe5 ! two great dep>tm5ts ( be+--betwe5 m9d & matt]--! "o z its orig9ator1 ! o!r z its recipi5t4#cdj #c4 ,all ! =ms ( en]gy manife/$ 9 ! univ]se are only trans=mations ( ! "o omnipres5t =ce issu+ f ! "o f\nta9-head ( p[]--! ,div9e ,w4 ,! f9al disclosure ( mod]n sci5ce is ! conv]tibility & homog5eity ( all =ms ( physical en]gy--a dynamical self-id5tification mask$ by transmigration4 ,( ?is wond]ful trans=mation ( en]gy _m /rik+ illu/rations may be giv52 we select ! foll[+ f ! ,lecture ,notes ( ,dr4 ,a4 ,f4 ,may] 7p4 #fd73 ,! heat develop$ by ! 'fall+ =ce' ( a weight /rik+ ! t]m9als ( a comp\nd !rmal batt]y 7=m$ by pieces ( iron & ,g]man-silv] wire twi/$ toge!r at alt]nate ends7 caus$ a curr5t ( electricity ?r\gh ! wire :i*1 be+ conduct$ ?r\gh a helix1 magnetiz$ a ne$le 7:i* !n attract$ iron p>ticles71 caus$ light to appe> 9 a portion ( ! circuit =m$ ( ,wolla/on's f9e wire1 decompos$ iodide ( potassium1 & f9ally mov$ ! ne$les ( a galvanomet]4#cda ,"h we h visible k9etic en]gy trans=m$ into s5sible heat1 !n absorb$ heat conv]t$ into electricity1 !n electricity trans=m$ into magnetism1 also into light1 & /ill fur!r into ! en]gy ( *emical sep>ation1 :ile "s portion ( x returns to ! =m ( visible en]gy ( motion4 ,( c\rse1 "s ( ! en]gy is dissipat$ 9 ! =m ( radiance 7radiant light & heat71 b no en]gy is ei!r creat$ or de/roy$4 ,all ! v>i\s =ms ( en]gy are ?us r$ucible to unity2 !y are "o =ce trans=m$ by me*anical arrangem5ts4 ,electricity & magnetism1 heat & light1 muscul> en]gy & *emical action1 motion & me*anical "w1 are only diff]5t =ms ( "o & ! same p[]4444 ,moreov]1 *emical union ( ! elem5ts ( matt]1 ! attraction ( gravitation 9 all ! bodies ( ! univ]se1 are b v>i$ =ms ( ?is univ]sal motive =ce4#cdb ,if x be ask$1 ,:at is t "o =m ( =ce :i* is to be tak5 z ! type ( all ! re/8 ! explicit answ] ( ! fir/ sci5ti/s ( ! age is1 ,=ce mu/ be reg>d$ z ! direct expression ( t m5tal /ate :i* we call ,w4 ,all =ce is ( "o type1 & t type is m9d4#cdc ,?is is conc$$ ev5 by ,h]b]t ,sp5c]3 ,! =ce by :i* we ourselves produce *anges1 & :i* s]ves to symbolize ! cause ( *anges 9 g5]al1 is ! f9al disclosure ( analysis4#cdd ,! :ole conception is summ$ up 9 "o compreh5sive /atem5t by ,pr(essor ,norton1 ( ,yale ,college3 ,i reg>d ! prim>y =ce ( repulsion z incessantly out/ream+ 9 e direction f e e!real atom 7:i* is incessantly r5ew$71 & z x spreads outw>d ev] t5d+ t[>d evanesc5ce on ea* radiat+ l9e by ! m]e result ( its own expansion--a p]petual /ream ( =ce fl[+ f ! ,inf9ite ,s\rce ( all p[]1 vani%+ ultimately by diffusion 9 ! inf9ite expanse ( ! univ]se4 ,x breaks incessantly aga9/ ! atoms ( bodies1 & s furni%es ! second>y /reams ( =ce t ma9ta9 ! con/itution & det]m9e ! ph5om5a ( ! mat]ial univ]se4#cde ,=ce1 !n1 is ! act ( ! imman5t ,deity1 :o puts =? unceas+ly f e po9t 9 ! realm ( space 8 creative & su/a9+ p[]4 #d4 ,all ! ph5om5a ( molecul> life 7bioplasmic ph5om5a7 are ! result ( ! imm$iate pres5ce & direct ag5cy ( ,god4#cdf ,?is is ! doctr9e :i* mu/ f9ally be accept$1 :e!r vitality be reg>d$ z a mode ( en]gy--a trans=mation ( *emico-physical =ces--or z a di/9ct & special =ce4 ,dr4 ,c>p5t] has long held t ! physical & vital =ces are mutually conv]tible1 b he reg>ds bo? z ! result ( ! direct action ( ! ,deity4 ,believ+ t all =ce :i* does n emanate f ! w ( creat$ s5ti5t be+s directly & imm$iately proce$s f ! w ( ! ,omnipot5t & ,omnipres5t ,creator2 & look+ on ! 7:at we are accu/om$ to call7 physical =ces z s _m modi op]&i ( "o & ! same ag5cy1 ! creative & su/a9+ w ( ! ,deity1 ,i d n feel ! validity ( ! objections urg$ aga9/ ! idea ( ! absolute metamorphosis or conv]sion ( =ces4#cdg ,inasmu*1 h[ev]1 z ! advocates ( ?is !ory h fail$ to e/abli% ei!r a quantitative or a qualitative relation betwe5 ! vital & physical =ces1 b1 on ! contr>y1 ! mo/ exact & c>eful biological rese>*es %[ !m to be inconv]tible & antagoni/ic1 we are con/ra9$ /ill to hold ! doctr9e ma9ta9$ by ,dr4 ,beale4 ,! anci5t doctr9e t ,life is ! cause1 & n ! consequ5ce ( organization1#cdh /ill ma9ta9s its gr\nd aga9/ all assaults4 ,h>vey's fam\s maxim1 ,omne vivum ex ovo--z am5d$ by ,*>les ,rob91 ,omne vivum ex vivo--/&s yet unrefut$2 &1 z ,sir ,william ,?omson rem>k$ 9 8 inaugural address be=e ! ,briti% ,association ( ,sci5ce1 ,?is seems to me z sure a tea*+ ( sci5ce z ! law ( gravitation4 ,i confess to be+ deeply impress$ by ! evid5ce put be=e u by ,pr(essor ,huxley1 & ,i am ready to adopt x z an article ( sci5tific fai?--true ?r\gh all space & all "t--t life proce$s f life1 & no?+ b life4#cdi ,life has its orig9 9 no second>y cause1 b 9 ! imm$iate pres5ce & direct action ( ! ,deity4 ,god is ! au?or & giv] ( ,life--! con/ant su/a9] ( all vitality2 9 ,him we live & move & are4 ,! f9al conclusion to be drawn f ^! propositions is t ,god is n simply ! transitive b ! imman5t cause ( ! univ]se4 ,he is 9 nature1 n m]ely z a regulative pr9ciple impress+ laws ^u matt]1 b z a con/itutive pr9ciple1 ! ev]-pres5t s\rce & ev]-op]at+ cause ( all its ph5om5a4 ,if by ! t]m nature we und]/& ! totality ( necess>y & uni=m ph5om5a1 ,god is ! imm$iate cause ( all uni=m & necess>y ph5om5a4 ,if by nature we und]/& ! v>i$ =ms ( en]gy :i* und]lie ! ph5om5a1 & are manife/$ 9 ! ph5om5a1 ^! =ms ( en]gy are b v>i\s modes 9 :i* ! omnipres5t p[] ( ,god reveals itself4 ,god is imman5t 9 matt]1 & 8 ceaseless en]gy produces all ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,nature is m ?an matt]3 x is matt] sway$ by ,div9e p[]1 & organiz$ & animat$ by ! ,div9e life4 ,b ! "q may be "h rais$1 ,is n ?is id5tification ( ! dynamical life ( ! univ]se ) ,god1 ,pan!ism8 ,we answ] 9 ! language ( ,james ,m>t9eau3 ,x c]ta9ly w\ld be s if we also turn$ ! proposition r\nd & id5tifi$ ,god ) no m ?an ! life ( ! univ]se1 & treat$ ! two t]ms z = all purposes int]*angeable4 ,if 9 affirm+ ! ,div9e imman5cy 9 nature we d5y ! ,div9e transc5d5cy beyond nature1 & pay our wor%ip to ! aggregate ( all its p[]s1 ! law ( its laws1 ! unity ( its organism1444 !n und\bt$ly we d pass f "p to :ole1 & re/ 9 a dream ( future sci5ce in/ead ( em]g+ into imm$iate religion4#cej ,! !ory :i* repres5ts ! ,deity z ! transitive cause ( ! univ]se--a me*anically fa%ion+ ! mat]ials suppli$ to 8 h&s1 & !n leav+ x to ! work+ ( its own inh]5t =ces--is rank ,deism4 ,! hypo!sis :i* reg>ds ! ,deity z no m ?an ! dynamical life ( ! univ]se--an in=m+ & organiz+ s\l associat$ ) matt]--is nak$ ,hylozoism4 ,! !ory t r$uces all exi/5ce1 mat]ial & m5tal1 to ph5om5al manife/ations ( "o et]nal self-exi/5t sub/ance :i* evolves itself accord+ to an inw>d law ( necessity1 & :i* is elusively call$ ,god1 is ,pan!ism4 ,b ! doctr9e :i* embraces ! two conceptions ( transc5d5ce & imman5ce1 & :ile x tea*es ! imman5ce ( ,god 9 matt]1 proclaims ! inf9ite di/9ctness 9 ess5ce betwe5 matt] & ,god1 & ! inf9ite omnipres5ce ( a p]sonal ,god above & beyond ! limitations ( matt]1 is ,*ri/ian ,!ism4#cea ,& n[1 9 conclusion1 may we n say t ?is dictum ( fai? t ! univ]se exi/s only 9 virtue ( ! cont9u$ ,w ( its ,creator1 is com+ m & m to be recogniz$ z a sci5tific fact4 ,! w ( ,god is ! "o primal =ce :i* /reams =? 9 ev]-recurr+ impulses ) an immeasurable rapidity at e po9t 9 space--an incessant pulse-beat ( ! ,inf9ite ,life4#ceb ,! disposition & collocations ( matt] are simply ! conditions necess>y to ! manife/ation ( ?is primal =ce4 ,! *emical atom1 already q a complex little _w1#cec is a me*anism = ! int]ception1 trans=mation1 & transmission ( =ce4 ,all ! v>i$ =ms ( en]gy are b second>y & d]ivative /reams ( =ce--=ms ( en]gy :i* are conceivable only z effects1 & :i* by m]e accommodation we may be p]mitt$ to call causes1 yet ) ?is specific res]vation t !y are n viceg]5ts outside ( ! ,div9e ,w1 b are held )9 ! ,div9e ,w4 ,! ^w 'cause' may be us$ 9 a second>y & concrete s5se z mean+ antec$5t =ces1 yet 9 an ab/ract s5se x is totally inapplicable2 we c n pr$icate ( any physical ag5t t x is ab/ract$ly ! cause ( ano!r2 & if1 = ! sake ( conv5i5ce1 ! language ( second>y causation be p]missible1 x %\ld only be ) ref]5ce to ! special ph5om5a ref]r$ to1 z x c nev] be g5]aliz$4 ,! common error1 if ,i am "r 9 suppos+ x to be su*1 consi/s 9 ! ab/raction ( cause1 & 9 suppos+ 9 ea* case a g5]al second>y cause--a some?+ :i* is n ! ,fir/ ,cause1 b :i*1 if we exam9e x c>efully1 mu/ h all ! attributes ( a fir/ cause1 & an exi/5ce indep5d5t ( & dom9ant ov] matt]4 ,,causation ,,is ,,! ,,w ,,( ,,god4#ced ,! ,div9e cons]vation ( ! _w is ! simple1 univ]sal1 uni=m effici5cy ( ,god4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,provid5ce ,,( ,,god ,,9 ,,human ,,hi/ory4 ,he ha? made ( "o blood all ! nations ( mank9d to dwell ^u ! face ( ! :ole e>?1 & orda9$ to ea* ! appo9t$ seasons ( _! exi/5ce & ! b\nds ( _! habitation1 t !y %\ld seek ,god4--,,/4 ,,paul4 ,div9e provid5ce1 :i* conducts all ?+s m>vel\sly1 rules ! s]ies ( human g5]ations f ,adam to ! end ( ! _w l "o man1 :o1 f 8 infancy to 8 old age1 furni%es =? 8 c>e] 9 "t 9 pass+ ?r\gh all its ages4--,,/4 ,,augu/9e4 ,! "r education ( ! human race1 s f> z conc]ns ! p ( ,god1 l t ( a s+le man1 advances ?r\gh c]ta9 divisions ( "t1 z t ( ! individual ?r\gh ! consecutive ages ( human life4--,,/4 ,,augu/9e4 ,les nations sont rgies p> les mmes lois que les individus4--,,laur5t4 ,f ! c5tral & fundam5tal tru? t ,god is ! ,creator & ,cons]vator ( ! univ]se1 ,*ri/ian !ology advances to ! /ill m practical tru? t ,he det]m9es & presides ov] ! developm5t ( ! human race1 lead+ x t[>d a =ese5 & pr$e/9at$ goal4 ,?is is ! natural & logical ord] ( ?\ght4 ,if nature & man 7 creat$ & are /ill cons]v$ by an intellig5t p[]1 !re mu/ be "s reason or end = :i* !y exi/2 = intellig5t p[] c only be conceiv$ z a p[] :i* works t[>d ends4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! _w & ( man be+ giv51 ! "q conc]n+ ! purpose or end = :i* !y exi/ becomes unavoidable & necess>y2 & ?\gh physical sci5ce may proclaim its inability to disclose ! f9al purpose ( creation1 & speak contemptu\sly ( all su* inquiries1 x does n by any means foll[ t ,*ri/ian doctr9e c furni% no satisfactory answ] to ?is inevitable "q4 ,z ! ref]5ce ( ! dep5d5t univ]se to ! effici5t gr\nd ( its exi/5ce gives ! concepts ( ,creation & ,cons]vation ) :i* ! idea ( p[] is pre-em95tly associat$1 s ! ref]5ce ( ! same to ! ultimate reason ( its exi/5ce gives ! concepts ( ,provid5ce & ,moral ,gov]nm5t ) :i* ! idea ( all-wise love is imm$iately correlat$4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,provid5ce 9 human hi/ory is succ9ctly /at$ 9 ! words ( ,/4 ,paul3 ,god ha? made ( "o blood all ! nations ( mank9d to dwell ^u ! face ( ! :ole e>?1 & orda9$ to ea* ! appo9t$ times ( _! exi/5ce & ! b\nds ( _! habitation1 t !y %\ld seek aft]1 & inde$ feel aft]1 & f9d ! ,"l4 ,he has end[$ man ) intellig5ce & fre$om by :i* he may a*ieve ! conque/ ( nature1 & be able to ma9ta9 8 exi/5ce & asc5d5cy 9 e "p ( ! habitable globe4 ,a new & subtile =ce appe>s 9 ! ar5a ( nature1 :i* is sup]ior to nature1 :i* c control & regulate its action1 & subord9ate ! =ces ( nature to ! high] purposes & ne$s ( spiritual & moral be+4 ,by travel & obs]vation1 by reason+ & inv5tion1 by int]*ange ( ideas & products1 man may cont9ually enl>ge ! sph]e ( 8 k1 & multiply ! means ( improvem5t & happ9ess4#cee ,god has also det]m9$ be=eh& ! "t ( ea* nation's exi/5ce1 & ! geographical b\nd>ies ( _! habitation4 ,div9e provid5ce has decre$ & presid$ ov] ! disp]sions & migrations ( ! human race1 & 9 ! plan ( hi/ory fix$ ! "t :5 & ! p by :i* ea* cont95t & isl& %all be inhabit$4 ,& ! ultimate purpose ( ?is provid5tial arrangem5t & sup]vision is t m5 may seek ,god1 & feel aft] & really f9d ,him1 :o = all dep5d5t rational exi/5ce is ! *ief good4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! explicit tea*+ ( ,*ri/ian !ology3 ,! appe>ance ( rational exi/5ce on ! e>? con/itutes a di/9ct creative epo*2 ! f9al cause ( all rational exi/5ce is to "k ,god1 consci\sly to feel aft] & f9d ,him2 & ! :ole ( ,god's action ^u humanity has be5 an inspiration1 guidance1 & education t[>d ?is end4 ,! progress ( ! human race1 ! c\rse ( human hi/ory1 is !re=e a revelation ( ! ,provid5ce ( ,god4 ,! consid]ation ( nature1 says ,niebuhr1 %[s an inh]5t intellig5ce1 :i* may be also consid]$ z coh]5t 9 nature2 s does hi/ory1 on a hundr$ occasions1 %[ an intellig5ce di/9ct f nature :i* conducts & det]m9es ^? ?+s :i* may seem to u accid5tal2 & x is n true t hi/ory weak5s our belief 9 ,div9e provid5ce4 ,hi/ory is1 ( all k9ds ( k1 ! "o :i* t5ds mo/ decid$ly to t belief4#cef ,hi/ory1 obs]ves ,ri*t]1 has1 l nature1 ! highe/ value 7if /udi$ philosophically7 9 s f> z we by means ( x1 z by means ( nature1 c div9e & read ! ,inf9ite ,_s :o1 ) nature & hi/ory z ) lett]s1 legibly writes to u4 ,he :o f9ds a ,god 9 ! physical _w w also f9d "o 9 ! moral _w--:i* is hi/ory4 ,nature =ces on our he>ts a ,creator2 hi/ory1 a ,provid5ce4 ,to ! /ud5t ( hi/ory x becomes app>5t t ! h& ( ,god has be5 guid+ humanity t[>d ! fulfillm5t ( its de/9y4 ,god has presid$ ov] ! developm5t ( human society & gov]nm5t4 ,?r\gh\t ! ages ,he has be5 ! ,educator ( ! race--lead+1 in/ruct+1 *a/5+1 & bless+ ! nations4 ,man holds relations to ,god n m]ely at ! mom5t ( creation2 he does n cease to be 9 connection ) 8 ,creator ?r\gh ! endless duration ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,! incessant action ( ,god on man is grace2 ! incessant action ( ,god on humanity is provid5tial gov]nm5t4#ceg ,hi/ory is ! manife/ation ( ,god's sup]vision ( humanity1 & ! judgm5ts ( hi/ory are ! judgm5ts ( ,god4#ceh ,if we h "h ! true conception ( hi/ory1 if x is a manife/ation ( ,div9e sup]vision1 direction1 & discipl9e1 !n ! "q is at once legitimate & practical1 ,:at is ! end ( ?is discipl9e8 :at is ! =ese5 & pr$e/9at$ goal t[>d :i*1 ?r\gh conflict & pa9 & travail1 ,div9e provid5ce is lead+ ! human race8 ,x mu/ be conc$$ on all h&s t ! adequate & f9al answ] c only be giv5 by t ,div9e presci5ce :i* sees ! end f ! beg9n+4 ,! /udy ( ! pa/ & ( ! pres5t moral & religi\s ph5om5a ( ! _w may af=d to ! philosophic m9d "s prevision ( ! future1 b x is obvi\s t revelation alone c supply ! pr9ciples :i* mu/ con/itute ! light ( hi/ory--! light 9 :i* ev5 its d>ke/ *apt]s may be int]pret$1 & its true philosophy evolv$4 ,! g5]al answ] :i* speculative ?\ght has furni%$ to ?is "q is t ! goal ( hi/ory is ! highe/ p]fection ( humanity4 ,ari/otle cle>ly recognizes t !re mu/ be an end or f9al cause ( human exi/5ce & action--a 7summum bonum71 or *ief end4#cei ,he !re=e addresses himself to ! inquiry1 ,:at is ! *ief good1 or highe/ end ( man8 ,! conclusion :i* he rea*es is1 t x is ! absolute satisfaction ( 8 :ole nature--t :i* m5 h agre$ to call happ9ess4 ,?is happ9ess1 h[ev]1 is n m]e s5sual pleasure4 ,! brute %>es ?is 9 common ) man1 !re=e x c n con/itute ! happ9ess ( man4 ,human happ9ess mu/ express ! complet5ess ( rational exi/5ce1 or1 z he expresses x1 a p]fect practical activity 9 a p]fect life4#cfj ,?is complete & p]fect life is ! complete satisfaction ( our rational nature4 ,x is ! realization ( ! ,div9e 9 man1 & con/itutes ! absolute & all-suffici5t good4#cfa ,a good action is ?us an end 9 itself1 inasmu* z x t5ds to secure ! p]fection ( our nature4 ,! human m9d c n1 h[ev]1 re/ 9 ! g5]al & vague idea ( p]fection2 we are !re=e press$ ) ! fur!r "q1 ,9 :at does ! highe/ p]fection ( humanity consi/8 by :at /&>d are we to judge ( ?is p]fection8 :at is ! ideal t[>d :i* ! progress ( humanity may be presum$ to t5d1 & :i* we hope x w ultimately atta98 ,! foll[+ consid]ations may furni% ! answ]3 #a4 ,t ideal mu/ be ! same = ! race z = ! individual1 ! same = ! nation z = ! man4 ,=1 on ! "o h&1 society exi/s = ! sake ( ! individual1 & x is only 9 society t individual exi/5ces c be pres]v$1 develop$1 & p]fect$2 on ! o!r h&1 national "* is b ! expression ( ! collective or av]age "* ( ! individual citiz5s4 ,9 seek+ = ! ideal ( individual p]fection1 we mu/ take acc\nt ( all ! capacities1 p[]s1 & relations ( man4 ,we mu/ h 9 view1 n simply 8 physical & intellectual1 b also 8 moral & religi\s nature4 ,we mu/ ?9k ( ! relation 9 :i* he /&s to 8 fell[-be+s & to 8 ,god1 z well z ! relation 9 :i* he /&s to himself--t is1 to ! lib]ty & intellig5ce :i* are 9 him1 & :i* he mu/ develop4 ,n[ no man c be said to be complete1 to be p]fect1 no man c be said to h rea*$ 8 1 or end1 until he has develop$ 9 8 ?\ght & realiz$ 9 8 life ! idea ( ! useful1 ! true1 ! j1 ! good1 ! pure1 ! ,div9e4 ,loyalty to ,god & ! tru?1 ju/ice & *>ity t[>d m51 self-control & purity ( m9d1 intellectual discipl9e & cultivat$ ta/e--^! are ! *>act]i/ics ( ! p]fect man4 ,judg$ f ! ,*ri/ian /&-po9t1 he is ! p]fect man :o has atta9$ to t ideal ( moral & spiritual excell5ce :i* 0 exhibit$ 9 ! human life ( ,*ri/1 t gr& embodim5t ( all t is pure & true & j & lovely & ( good report4 ,! realization ( ?is ideal 9 ! collective life ( humanity mu/ be ! goal ( hi/ory4 #b4 ,fur!r light is %$ ^u ?is problem by ! consid]ation ( ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god4 ,! gravitat+ po9t ( ,*ri/ian !ology is f\nd 9 ! ,div9e decl>ation1 ,god is ,love 7#a ,john iv4 #h1 #af74 ,?is is ! mo/ fundam5tal revelation ( ! ,div9e nature1 s t no?+ c p]ta9 to 8 p]fections or 8 works :i* is n ultimately resolvable into love4 ,if ev] ! idea ( ,div9e ju/ice %all obta9 consi/5cy 9 our sy/ems ( !ology1 x mu/ be 9 g5]al ?r\gh ! relation ( inf9ite holy love to ! spontane\s & self-det]m9+ capacity ( ! p]sonal be+1 or ! relation ( ,div9e p]fection to ! exi/5ce ( ! economy 9 ! univ]se4#cfb ,! fact t ,god creates worlds & gives bir? to p]sonal exi/5ces is n gr\nd$ 9 8 omnipot5ce1 b 9 8 love4 ,div9e love is ! det]m9ative pr9ciple ( ,div9e effici5cy--! f9al cause or ultimate reason ( all exi/5ce4 ,creation mu/ !re=e be conceiv$ z ! free self-communication ( ,god1 :o is ,himself et]nally self-complete & self-suffici5t1 b :o1 f love alone1 wills t o!r intellig5ces %all h exi/5ce :o c "k ,god1 & 9 fell[%ip ) ,him atta9 t fullness & fruition ( be+ :i* is call$ ,et]nal ,life4#cfc ,if1 !n1 ! ,div9e m9d has always _h ?is end 9 view--! p]fection & bless$ness ( p]sonal be+ 9 fell[%ip ) ,himself--x mu/ be reg>d$ by u z ! consummation t[>d :i* 8 provid5ce is lead+ humanity4 #c4 ,! explicit decl>ations ( ,scripture are 9 p]fect accord ) ^! inf]5ces drawn f ! nature ( man & ! idea ( ,god4 ,we le>n f ! words ( ,/4 ,paul t ! aim ( ,div9e provid5ce is to lead ! race to ! practical recognition ( ! p]sonal dignity ( man z ! (fspr+ ( ,god2 to ! practical recognition ( ! univ]sal bro!rhood ( man1 z ( "o blood1 ) equal rights to place1 provision1 & free self-developm5t 9 e "p ( ! e>?2 f9ally1 to ! practical recognition ( our relation to ,god z 8 dep5d5t creatures1 9 fell[%ip ) :om we h et]nal life4#cfd ,god's great end 9 ! :ole c\rse & discipl9e ( provid5ce is to unite all m5 9 bonds ( mutual affection & aid1 & to unite ! race to ,himself 9 bonds ( loyalty & love4 ,!n :atsoev] ?+s are true & pure & hone/ & lovely & ( good report w be rev]$ & practic$ among ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,^! views ( ,div9e provid5ce c sc>cely be said to h _h any place or any recognition 9 ! anci5t s*ools ( philosophy4 ,! ,/oics taught t an inv9cible necessity rules 9 ! realm ( hi/ory z well z 9 ! field ( nature1 to :i* ,god & man are equally subject4 ,god is ! reason ( ! _w 7 72 ! laws ( ! _w are z necess>y z ! laws ( et]nal reason4 ,?is necessity is at once fate 771 & ! provid5ce 77 :i* gov]ns all ?+s4#cfe ,! ,epicureans r$uc$ all exi/5ce to ! plane ( m]e physical nature1 & repres5t$ humanity z a developm5t f ! l[] =ms ( life by ! ag5cy ( bl9d1 unconsci\s =ce4 ,if !y recogniz$ ! exi/5ce ( any god or gods1 !y remov$ !m f> away f all int]c\rse ) humanity1 & all sup]vision ( or conc]n 9 human affairs4 ,!y admitt$ _! exi/5ce 9 words1 says ,cic]o1 b d5i$ x 9 act4 ,^! two =ms ( error are comb9$ by ! mod]n d5i]s ( provid5ce4 ,human society1 languages1 laws1 in/itutions1 arts1 sci5ces1 are all ! products ( matt] & =ce4 ,! succession ( ev5ts1 ! progress ( civilization1 & ! religi\s ph5om5a ( ! _w1 h n be5 det]m9$ by an intellig5t ,w1 or presid$ ov] by a consci\s ,p]sonality4 ,9 ! la/ analysis1 matt] is resolv$ into a function ( =ce1 & a process ( necess>y evolution1 :i* has no design & no f9al purpose1 is sub/itut$ = ,div9e provid5ce4 ,! ultimate de/9ation ( ! _w & humanity is unkn[n1 or1 if conjecture is p]missible1 is *aos & dea?4 ,9 opposition to ^! cold & *e]less speculations ,*ri/ianity affirms ! doctr9e ( ,div9e provid5ce 9 human hi/ory4#cff ,by ,provid5ce we und]/& intellig5t =e?\ght & timely provision = all cont+5cies4 ,! t]m supposes a precogniz$ plan1 a con/ant sup]vision ( its developm5t1 & ! control & subord9ation ( all f9ite p[]s & ag5cies 9 ord] to its completion4 ,f nature1 /rictly consid]$ z ! empire ( me*anical necessity1 no?+ c proce$ b t :i* is posit$ 9 x by ! imm$iate act ( ,god2 & consequ5tly1 consid]$ ap>t f man1 !re c be no cont+5cy1 &1 prop]ly speak+1 no provid5ce 9 ?is sph]e4 ,! exi/5ce ( m]e nature1 h[ev]1 c n be reg>d$ z an end 9 itself4 ,! :ole int]e/ & significance ( nature is f\nd 9 ! conception t x exi/s z a means = a high] end4 ,z matt] is simply ! condition = ! manife/ation ( =ce1 z ! physical =ces are subord9at$ to ! vital =ce1 & ! vital is subord9at$ to ! m5tal1 s is x a legitimate assumption1 :i* we %all ju/ify 9 ! sequel1 t all ^! are subord9at$ to ! moral & spiritual4 ,x is only 9 ! sph]e ( spiritual be+--t is1 ( self-consci\s & self-det]m9$ be+--& 9 ! relation ( nature to spiritual be+1 t cont+5cy c arise & provid5ce f9d place4 ,! uni=m tea*+ ( ,scripture is t human hi/ory is ! special field ( ,div9e provid5ce4 ,9 fact1 ! hi/oric portions ( ! ,bible are no?+ else ?an a record ( ! control & direction & subord9ation ( human ag5cies1 & ( ext]nal physical conditions 9 _! relation to p]sonal be+s1 by ! h& ( ,god4 ,?is primitive revelation ?r[s light ^u ! cradle ( human civilization4 ,x po9ts to a p]iod :5 man1 at 8 dep>ture f ! h& ( ,god1 receiv$ ^? intellectual1 moral1 & spiritual end[m5ts :i* raise him 9 ! scale ( be+ immeasurably above ! animal creation1 & fit him = a progress1 a developm5t to :i* no conceivable limits c be assign$4#cfg ,! ,bible is ! hi/ory ( ,div9e provid5ce f t signal comm5cem5t to ! plant+ ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 :]e we c cle>ly see all ! l9es along :i* ! race advanc$1 conv]g+ ^u ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,x is a hi/ory ( ,div9e int]position 9 human affairs1 & ( sup]natural guidance t[>d a high] developm5t & a nobl] de/9y4 ,inde$1 to ! eye ( ! obs]vant & consci5ti\s /ud5t ( all hi/ory1 :e!r secul> or ecclesia/ical1 !re are und5iable evid5ces ( ! pres5ce ( ,intellig5ce1 dispos+ & collocat+ ! conditions ( human progress1 & direct+ humanity t[>d a nobl] civilization4 ,consid]+ ! e>? 9 its relation to man1 we mu/ recognize ! provid5ce ( ,god 9 ! physical univ]se4 ,! e>? 0 unque/ionably made = man4 ,x 0 creat$1 & has be5 especially adapt$ to be ! !atre ( human hi/ory4 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ,scripture 7,g54 i4 #bh-ca2 ,psa4 cxv4 #af7--;,i believe x is also ! doctr9e ( sci5ce4 ,! geological *anges ?r\gh :i* ! e>? has pass$ indicate a process ( prep>ation = ! inhabitation ( man4 ,?is process ( prep>ation is fully recogniz$ by ,agassiz4 ,!re has be51 he says1 a manife/ progress 9 ! succession ( be+s on ! surface ( ! globe4 ,?is progress consi/s 9 an increas+ simil>ity to ! liv+ fauna1 &1 among ! v]tebrates especially1 9 ! increas+ resemblance to man4 ,b ?is connection is n ! consequ5ce ( a direct l9eage betwe5 ! faunas ( diff]5t ages4 ,! fi%es ( ! ,palozoic are 9 no respect ! ance/ors ( ! reptiles ( ! ,second>y age1 nor does man desc5d f ! mammals ( ! ,t]ti>y age4 ,! l9k by :i* !y are connect$ is ( an immat]ial nature1 & _! connection is to be s\ght 9 ! ?\ght ( ! ,creator ,himself1 ^: aim 9 =m+ ! e>?1 9 all[+ x to pass ?r\gh ! successive *anges :i* ,geology has po9t$ out1 & 9 creat+ successively all ! diff]5t types ( animals :i* h pass$ away1 0 to introduce man ^u ! surface ( ! globe4 ,man is ! end t[>d :i* all ! animal creation has t5d$4#cfh ,! language ( ,pr(4 ,ow5 is equally explicit3 ,! recognition ( an ideal exempl> 9 ! v]tebrat$ animals proves t ! k ( su* a be+ z man exi/$ be=e man appe>$2 = ! ,div9e ,m9d :i* plann$ ! ar*etype also =esaw all its modifications4 ,! ar*etype idea 0 manife/$ 9 ! fle% long prior to ! exi/5ce ( ^? animal species t actually exemplify x4#cfi ,( ! nature ( ! creative acts by :i* ! successive races ( animals 7 call$ into be+1 we are ignorant4 ,b ?is we "k1 t z ! evid5ce ( unity ( plan te/ifies to ! on5ess ( ! ,creator1 s ! modifications ( ! plan = diff]5t modes ( exi/5ce illu/rate ! b5evol5ce ( ! ,design]4 ,^? /ructures1 moreov]1 :i* are at pres5t incompreh5sible z adaptations to a special end1 are made compreh5sible on a high] pr9ciple1 & a f9al purpose is ga9$ 9 relation to human intellig5ce4#cgj ,t ^! views are /ill held by ,pr(4 ,ow5 is evid5t f 8 rem>ks 9 ! =tie? *apt] ( 8 ,anatomy ( ! ,v]tebrates3 ,( all ! quadrup$al s]vants ( man1 none h prov$ ( m value to him1 9 peace or w>1 ?an ! horse2 none h co-op]at$ ) ! advanc$ races m influ5tially 9 man's de/9$ ma/]y ov] ! e>? & its l[] d5iz5s4444 ,i believe ! horse to h be5 pr$e/9at$ & prep>$ = man4 ,x may be a weakness2 b1 if s1 x is a glori\s "o1 to disc]n1 h[ev] dimly1 across our f9ite prison-wall1 evid5ce ( '! ,div9ity t %apes our ends1' abuse ! means z we may4#cga ,long be=e ! appe>ance ( man ^u ! e>?1 ! provid5ce ( ,god laid up 9 its /rata ^? va/ treasures ( granite1 s&/one1 lime1 m>ble1 coal1 salt1 petroleum1 & ! v>i\s metals1 ! product ( a long succession ( ages & revolutions1 ?us mak+ an inexhau/ible provision = ! necessities ( man1 & furni%+ ample res\rces = ! developm5t ( 8 g5ius & skill4#cgb ,9 ! vegetable life :i* appe>$ on ! globe imm$iately prior to & contemporane\s ) ! adv5t ( man1 we c recognize a provid5tial arrangem5t made = man4 ,9 ! flora ( ! ,palozoic & ,second>y p]iods we c n fail to obs]ve ! abs5ce ( all ^? plants :i* are adapt$ = human food4 ,ev5 9 ! ,t]ti>y epo*1 :i* imm$iately prec$es ! ,adamic or human p]iod1 s f> z ,geology reveals1 !re 7 few or no plants yield+ ! appropriate supplies = ! su/5tation ( man4 ,!re are few indications ( any ( ^? vegetables f :i* man may d]ive food & valuable fibre1 &1 9 a ^w1 ( species :i* support & clo! by f> ! l>g] portion ( ! human race4 ,sc>cely any grasses appe> 9 ! li/ ( ext9ct vegetation1 & !re is reason to believe t ! pr9cipal c]eals :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! human p]iod--z b>ley1 :eat1 oats1 rye1 millet1 ,indian corn1 & rice--_h no exi/5ce4#cgc ,:5 ! fullness ( "t 0 come1 & all ?+s 7 ready = ! reception ( man1 !n ,god call$ him into be+1 & inve/$ him ) dom9ion ov] nature4 ,physical geography also indicates1 n only a /ate ( prep>ation = man1 b also a special adaptation ( ! fix$ =ms ( ! e>?'s surface = secur+ ! p]fect developm5t ( man accord+ to ! ,div9e ideal4 ,& z ! l& :i* man inhabits1 ! food he eats1 ! air he brea!s1 ! m\nta9s & riv]s & seas :i* are 8 neighbors1 ! skies t ov]%ad[ him1 ! div]sities ( climate to :i* he is subject1 & inde$ all physical conditions1 ex]t a p[]ful influ5ce ^u 8 ta/es1 pursuits1 habits1 & "*--we may presume t n only are all ^! conditions pr$et]m9$ by ,god1 b cont9ually "u 8 control & sup]vision4 ,! di/ribution ( t]re/rial areas--! cont95ts1 isl&s1 & seas2 ! disposition ( ! climate1 soil1 & vegetation1 app>5tly accid5tal1 h play$ an important "p 9 ! moral hi/ory ( our race4 ,!re is a close relation betwe5 nature & hi/ory1 betwe5 ! e>? & man4 ,! s\l ( man is di/9ct f1 b n totally indep5d5t ( ! body & ( ext]nal physical conditions4 ,to d5y ?is w\ld be to reject all ! lessons ( exp]i5ce4 ,! relation ( man to nature is n1 h[ev]1 a relation ( cause & effect1 b1 z ,c\s9 rem>ks1 ,man & nature are two great effects :i*1 com+ f ! same cause1 be> ! same *>act]i/ics1 s t ! e>? & he :o inhabits x1 man & nature1 are 9 p]fect h>mony4#cgd ,a liv+ ,god1 says ,ritt]1 is at ! head ( ! physical & moral _w4#cge ,! e>? 0 creat$ = man1 n simply to be a dwell+-place1 b a s*ool-h\se#cgf--made to be a !atre = ! education1 ! developm5t1 & ! p]fection ( ! human race4 ,& z ! moral & intellectual culture ( ! *ild is mat]ially affect$ by ! physical conditions ) :i* he is surr\nd$1 & z ^! are consequ5tly ! subject ( c>e & =e?\ght on ! "p ( ! intellig5t & prud5t p>5t & tea*]1 s ! ext]nal physical conditions ( a nation ex]t a p[]ful influ5ce on its intellectual & moral developm5t1 & !re=e mu/ be presum$ to be ! subject ( =e?\ght & provid5ce on ! "p ( ,god1 ! ,fa!r ( ! families ( all ! e>?4 ,god has sup]9t5d$ ! peopl+ ( ! e>?1 ! disp]sions & migrations ( nations1 guid+ ! foot/eps ( ! cov5ant1 educat+1 & mission>y nations to ^? c\ntries be/ adapt$ to _! highe/ developm5t4 ,9 a ^w1 ,he has orda9$ ! progress ( empire & ! c\rse ( civilization4 ,?us nature & hi/ory are ! two great factors ( ,div9e provid5ce2 9 _! relations & h>monies we h a revelation ( ! purposes & plans ( ,god4#cgg ,t geographical conditions d ex]t a p[]ful influ5ce on ! "* ( nations c n be d5i$4 ,! bodily con/itution ( a p1 _! temp]am5t1 modes ( life1 habitations1 cu/oms1 languages1 & ev5 religi\s op9ions h be5 =m$ or modifi$ "u ! influ5ce ( t magic circle ( nature :i* surr\nds !m1 & :i* s p[]fully affects :at is individual 9 national "*4 ,s t1 c\ld we fully grasp all ! *>act]i/ics ( a c\ntry--its position1 configuration1 climate1 sc5]y1 & natural products--we c\ld1 ) tol]able accuracy1 det]m9e :at are ! *>act]i/ics ( ! p :o inhabit x4 ,we h discuss$ ?is topic at "s l5g? 9 ,*ri/ianity & ,greek ,philosophy1 & %all "h simply recall su* ( ! g5]al facts & pr9ciples z may be ne$$ = a cle> und]/&+ ( ! pres5t discussion4 #a4 ,! habits & *>act]i/ics ( ! dwell]s 9 ! ,temp]ate ,zone diff] widely f ^? ( ! dwell]s 9 ! ,torrid ,zone4 ,?is is an obvi\s fact2 & ! causes ( ?is diff]5ce are equally obvi\s to ! obs]vant m9d4 ,9 ! tropical regions ! p[]s ( vegetable & animal life are /imulat$ to ! highe/ degree1 & "h nature displays h] fulle/ en]gy1 h] greate/ v>iety1 & h] ri*e/ spl5dors4 ,excessive heat enfeebles & en]vates man4 ,x induces lassitude1 dream9ess1 effem9acy1 & tempts to quietude & indol5ce4 ,:]e nature p\rs h] fullness into ! lap ( ease1 =e?\ght & provid5ce are little ne$$4 ,"h is none ( t /ruggle = exi/5ce :i* awak5s sagacity & develops indu/ry4 ,no?+ calls man to t ef=t = ! conque/ ( nature by :i* ! intellect is ar\s$ & ! reason+ faculties are develop$4 ,consequ5tly ! m]e life ( ! body1 ! p[]s ( ! physical nature ( man1 ov]ma/] ! faculties ( ! m9d4 ,! in/9cts pr$om9ate ov] ! reason4 ,simple spontaneity ( ?\ght is manife/$1 b little or no analytic reflection4 ,feel+1 imag9ation1 s5tim5t1 pr$om9ate ov] intellect1 reason1 & sci5ce4 ,9 a temp]ate climate all is rev]s$4 ,! alt]nations ( heat & cold r5d] man m vigor\s1 & imp>t m physical tone4 ,:]e !re is less pr(usion & lavi%m5t ( nature's gifts1 !re is m room & motive = indu/ry4 ,! *ange ( seasons1 & an annual p]iod ( dormancy1 dem& =e?\ght & prud5ce4 ,! pres]vation ( life dem&s1 n m]ely physical toil1 b "s degree ( contrivance1 &1 inde$1 ! vigor\s ex]tion ( ! intellectual p[]s4 ,& "h1 ?\gh nature is n prodigal ( h] gifts1 %e grants to indu/ry & skill some?+ m ?an ! b>e necessities ( life4 ,%e all[s man to lay up a /ore = ! future1 & furni%es "s leisure = ! culture ( ! m9d4 ,! active p[]s ( man1 8 reason & judgm5t1 rule 8 in/9cts1 & control1 m or less1 8 appetites & emotions4 ,"h man becomes a c>eful obs]v] ( ev5ts2 he treasures up ! results ( exp]i5ce1 comp>es "o fact ) ano!r1 notes _! relations1 & makes new exp]im5ts to te/ 8 conclusions4 ,?us sci5ce has its bir? 9 ! ,temp]ate ,zone4#cgh #b4 ,!re is a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! m5tal habits & modes ( ?\ght ( ! peoples :o dwell 9 ! int]ior ( an imm5se cont95t & ^? :o dwell on ! m>g9 ( ! sea4 ,va/ cont95ts1 unbrok5 by lakes & inl& seas1 & ext5d$ pla9s :]e broad des]ts & high m\nta9 ranges sep>ate ! populations1 are ! seats ( immobility4 ,! inhabitants are isolat$ f ! re/ ( ! _w1 & exclud$ f a /imulat+ & pr(itable int]c\rse ) ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,!y h comp>atively no navigation1 _! comm]ce is limit$ to ! b>e necessities ( life1 & !re are no inducem5ts to movem5t1 to travel1 & to ent]prise4 ,society is !re=e /ation>y1 z 9 ,*9a2 ! habits1 mann]s1 & usages ( social & civil life rema9 z !y 7 two ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,infold$ & imprison$ )9 ! ov]:elm+ va/ness & illimitable sway ( nature1 man is almo/ unconsci\s ( 8 fre$om & p]sonality4 ,he surr5d]s himself to ! disposal ( a my/]i\s fate1 & yields readily to ! absolute control ( rul]s :o are reg>d$ z ( sup]natural orig9 & end[$ ) sup]human p[]s4 ,! =ms ( gov]nm5t rema9 un*ang$ f age to age1 & ! /ate is ! reign ( fix$ & inexorable laws--,! laws ( ! ,m$es & ,p]sians are unalt]able4 ,! rights ( ! p]son are sc>cely recogniz$1 & ! individual is lo/ 9 ! mass4 ,ext5d$ bord]-l&s on ! m>g9 ( great riv]s & inl& seas are1 on ! contr>y1 ! !atre ( movem5t1 activity1 & life4 ,"h man is set free f ! bondage impos$ by ! ov]p[]+ magnitude & va/ness ( cont95tal & oceanic =ms4 ,"h indu/ry is n /ation>y1 b progressive2 & comm]ce ?rives because ! riv]s & inl& seas furni% ! means ( easy transit1 & ! opportunity = a free int]*ange ( commodities4 ,along ) ! ex*ange ( commodities !re w be an ex*ange ( ideas1 because ideas fl[ along ! *annels ( comm]ce4 ,"h also ! arts w be cultivat$1 fir/ = purposes ( ga91 & subsequ5tly = ! gratification ( ta/e4 ,&1 :]e !re is fre$om ( movem5t1 :]e !re is creative indu/ry1 :]e nature is subjugat$ by man1 ! idea ( p]sonal lib]ty w be develop$1 & ! rights ( ! individual w be reg>d$4 ,^! ideas ( p]sonal lib]ty & rights w become incorporat$ ) ! laws & in/itutions ( society1 & ! gov]nm5t w t5d t[>d a democracy4 ,f9ally1 ?is fre$om ( movem5t & action w eng5d] fre$om ( ?\ght4 ,reflection w comm5ce1 ! speculative & critical _s w arise1 & philosophy w be born4#cgi #c4 ,!re is also an ackn[l$g$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! m5tal "* ( ! inhabitants ( a bright & sunny climate :o brea! an ela/ic atmosph]e1 & are surr\nd$ by ! mo/ inspir+ sc5]y1 & t ( ! p :o dwell "u a gray & sombre sky1 & daily look ^u ! m /]n & rugg$ aspects ( nature4 ,! dwell]s 9 ! =m] climate are ard5t1 vivaci\s1 & m]curial2 ! inhabitants ( ! latt] are sl[1 delib]ate1 p]si/5t1 & cons]vative4 ,"o nation w be speculative1 enamor$ ( plausible hypo!ses1 & prone to ha/y & brilliant g5]alization2 ! o!r w be practical1 intol]ant ( hypo!ses1 & clamor\s = facts & logical inf]5ces f facts4 ,9 ! =m] climate ! f9e arts w be en?usia/ically cultivat$1 & elegance & ta/e1 & all t is graceful 9 s5tim5t & action1 w f9d a cong5ial home2 9 ! latt]1 ! exact sci5ces & ! useful arts w be cultivat$ ) p]si/5ce & zeal4 ,"u ! =m] conditions1 a religion ( poetry1 ( s5tim5t1 ( arti/ic display & impos+ c]emonial1 w sway ! popul> m9d2 "u ! latt]1 a religion ( p]sonal duty & purity1 ( social righte\sness1 ( active b5efic5ce1 & ( univ]sal *>ity1 w comm& respect4 ,^! pr9ciples con/itute :at may be designat$ ! /atics ( hi/ory--! m or less /able & p]man5t conditions "u :i* ! liv+ =ces ( humanity are develop$4 ,! dynamics ( hi/ory are ! fundam5tal p[]s & rational ideas ( human nature4 ,!re are c]ta9 prim>y ideas ( ! reason :i* are reveal$ 9 ! univ]sal consci\sness ( our race "u ! conditions ( exp]i5ce--! ext]ior conditions ( physical nature & s5sational life4 ,su* are ! ideas ( sub/ance & cause1 ( unity & inf9ity1 :i* gov]n all ! processes ( discursive ?\ght1 & lead u to ! recognition ( ! uncreat$ & uncondition$ ,be+2 su* ! ideas ( "r1 ( duty1 ( acc\ntability1 & ( retribution :i* regulate all ! conceptions we =m ( our relations to o!r moral be+s1 & con/itute morality2 su* ! ideas ( ord]1 proportion1 & h>mony :i* preside 9 ! realm ( art1 & con/itute ! beau-ideal ( /hetics2 su* ! ideas ( ,god1 ! s\l1 & immortality :i* rule 9 ! doma9 ( religion1 & con/itute man a religi\s be+4 ,9 addition to ^!1 !re are ! p[]s ( obs]vation1 ( ab/raction1 ( g5]alization1 ( inf]5ce1 ! capacity ( symbolic conception & expression1 ! faculty ( creative imag9ation1 ! p[]s ( inv5tion1 ( =esight1 & ( sci5tific prevision4 ,^! are ! liv+ =ces ( humanity1 fundam5tally ! same "u all circum/ances1 b modifi$ 9 _! int5sity & developm5t by geographical1 climatal1 & sc5ic conditions4 ,! provid5tial adju/m5t & h>moni\s relation ( ! ext]ior conditions ) ! inh]5t p[]s ( humanity is ! problem ( hi/ory4 ,be=e attempt+ to trace ! h& ( ,div9e provid5ce 9 ! orig9al location & subsequ5t migrations ( ! hi/oric races1 let u briefly reproduce ! s5t5ces :i* express ! conditions mo/ favorable to ! developm5t & p]fection ( humanity4 #a4 ,:ile ! tropical climate ( ,s\!rn ,asia1 ( ,africa1 & ( ,s\? ,am]ica is unfavorable to ! highe/ intellectual & moral developm5t1 ! temp]ate climate ( ,we/]n ,asia1 ( ,europe1 & ( ,nor? ,am]ica is peculi>ly adapt$ to m9i/] to ! advancem5t & p]fection ( ! human race4 #b4 ,! massive1 unbrok5 cont95ts ( ! ,s\?1 %ut 9 by imm5se oceans & impassable m\nta9 ranges1 are ! seats ( immobility & ! home ( despotic p[]2 b ! deeply ind5t$ & elaborately articulat$ cont95ts ( ! ,nor?1 ) _! inl& seas & l>ge navigable riv]s1 are ! !atre ( activity1 ( progress1 & ( lib]ty4 #c4 ,! sunny skies & gl[+ l&scapes & inspir+ sc5]y ( ! s\? ( ,europe are mo/ cong5ial to poetry & music1 & pa9t+ & sculpture1 & all t is graceful 9 expression & action2 ! deep] tone & /]n] features ( ! nor!rn portion ( ,europe1 ^: skies are sombre1 & ^: m\nta9s are rugg$ & gray1 det]m9e x to be ! home ( practical indu/ry & useful arts1 ( b5evol5t ent]prises & philan?ropic de$s4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ^! pr9ciples1 we turn to hi/ory 9 ! belief t we %all f9d t ,div9e provid5ce has at successive p]iods plac$ ! hi/oric races 9 su* geographical relations & amid su* physical conditions z h be5 mo/ favorable to _! intellectual & moral developm5t4 #a4 ,! fir/ hi/oric fact to :i* we w\ld n[ direct att5tion is t ! human race really comm5c$ its hi/ory 9 ! mid/ ( ! cont95ts ( ! ,temp]ate ,zone4 ,we/]n ,asia 0 unque/ionably ! cradle ( ! human race1 ! gr& c5tre :5ce ! diff]5t families or races comm5c$ _! migrations4 ,:atev] views may be ent]ta9$ ( ! doctr9e suppos$ to be taught 9 ,g54 i4-iv4 t ! :ole human race orig9ally desc5d$ f a s+le pair1 or :atev] me?od ( int]pretation 9 reg>d to t anci5t docum5t may f9ally prevail--ev5 %\ld we adopt ! !ory ( ,dr4 ,mc,causland#chj t ! ,biblical acc\nt is conc]n$ only ) ! orig9 ( a cov5ant & r$emptive race 7! ,adamite or ,ed5ic race71 :i* 0 to be ! in/ructor & b5efactor ( ! pre-,adamite races--!re c be no "q t ! sacr$ hi/orian traces ! s\rce ( ! great hi/oric nations to ! family ( ,noah 7,g54 ix4 #ai74 ,:atev] difficulties !re may be 9 det]m9+ ! site ( ,ed5--& !y are confess$ly great1 if n insurm\ntable--!re is no difficulty 9 locat+ ! second geographical c5tre f :5ce ! great hi/oric races dep>t$ to ov]spread ! e>?4 ,ar>at is1 no d\bt1 9 its ,biblical import1 ! ,arm5ian highl&s1 ! l(ty plateau :i* ov]looks ! pla9s ( ! ,araxes on ! nor? & ,mesopotamia on ! s\?4 ,?is ,arm5ian plateau /&s equidi/ant f ! ,eux9e & ! ,caspian seas on ! nor?1 & betwe5 ! ,p]sian ,gulf & ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea on ! s\?4 ,) ! fir/ x is connect$ by ! ,acampsis1 ) ! second by ! ,araxes1 ) ! ?ird by ! ,tigris & ! ,euphrates1 ! latt] ( :i* s]ves z an outlet t[>d ! c\ntries on ! ,m$it]ranean coa/4 ,^! seas 7 ! highways ( primitive colonization1 & ! pla9s wat]$ by ^! riv]s 7 ! seats ( ! mo/ p[]ful nations ( antiquity--! ,assyrians1 ! ,babylonians1 ! ,m$es1 & ! ,col*ians4 ,view$ ) ref]5ce to ! disp]sion ( ! nations1 ,arm5ia is ! true --! middle "p--( ! e>?2 & x is a significant fact t at ! pres5t day ,ar>at is ! great b\nd>y-/one betwe5 ! empires ( ,russia1 ,turkey1 & ,p]sia4#cha ,! ,scripture acc\nt1 :i* c]ta9ly au?orizes u to fix ^u ! highl&s ( ,arm5ia z ! new c5tre :5ce ! desc5dants ( ,noah w5t =? to p ! e>?1 is confirm$ by ! mo/ anci5t traditions & ! mo/ reliable hi/oric records4 ,josephus tells u !re 0 9 ,arm5ia a city :i* 0 call$ --! ,place ( ,desc5t#chb--;= ! ark be+ sav$ 9 t place1 its rema9s are %[n by ! inhabitants to ?is day4#chc ,he fur!r adds t all ! writ]s ( ! b>b>ian hi/ories make m5tion ( ! flood1 & ( ?is ark1 among :om is ,b]osus1 ! ,*aldan1#chd :o1 :5 he goes on to describe ! circum/ances ( ! flood1 rem>ks1 'x is said !re is /ill "s "p ( ?is %ip 9 ,arm5ia1 at ! m\nta9 ( ! ,cordyans2' ,hi]onymus1 ! ,egyptian1 :o wrote ! ,phnician antiquities1 & ,manases1 & inde$ a great _m o!rs1 also make m5tion ( ! same4 ,nay1 ,ni*olas ( ,damascus1 9 8 n9ety-six? book1 ha? a p>ticul> relation ab\t !m1 :]e he speaks ?us3 ',!re is a great m\nta9 9 ,arm5ia1 ov] ,m9yas1 call$ ,b>is1 ^u :i*1 x is report$1444 t "o :o 0 c>ri$ 9 an ark came on %ore ^u ! top ( x1 & t ! rema9s ( ! timb] 7 a great :ile pres]v$4'#che ,?is concurr5t te/imony ( sacr$ & pr(ane hi/ory1 :i* designates ,we/]n ,asia z ! cradle ( ! hi/oric nations1 has receiv$ additional confirmation f ! rese>*es ( mod]n e?nologi/s & philologi/s4 ,9 ! t5? *apt] ( ,g5esis1 ! sacr$ hi/orian sket*es ! nations ( ! e>? at 8 "t ( writ+1 indicates _! e?nic aff9ities1 & m>ks to "s ext5t _! geographical positions4 ,! pr(essor ( anci5t hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d1 ,george ,rawl9son1 rem>ks t ! ,toldo? ,b5i ,noah 7! ,g5]ations ( ,noah7 has excit$ ! admiration ( mod]n e?nologi/s1 :o cont9ually f9d 9 x ! anticipations ( _! greate/ discov]ies4#chf ,sir ,h5ry ,rawl9son assures u t ! ,toldo? ,b5i ,noah is und\bt$ly ! mo/ au!ntic record we possess ( ! affiliations ( ! human race :i* sprang f ! triple /ock ( ! ,noa*id4#chg ,! same di/+ui%$ ,ori5tal s*ol> 9 an essay ,on ! ,e?nic ,aff9ities ( ! ,nations ( ,we/]n ,asia1 fur!r rem>ks3 ,9 ,we/]n ,asia1 ! cradle ( ! human race1 ! sev]al e?nic bran*es ( ! human family 7 m closely int]m+l$ & m ev5ly balanc$ ?an 9 any o!r portion ( ! anci5t _w4 ,semitic1 ,indo-,european1 & ,tt> or ,turanian races n only divid$ among !m ?is portion ( ! e>?'s surface1 b lay int]sp]s$ & confus$ ^u x 9 a mo/ rem>kable entanglem5t4 ,x is symptomatic ( ?is curi\s int]mixture t ! ,p]sian mon>*s1 :5 !y wi%$ to communicate to _! ,asiatic subjects 9 su* a way t x %\ld be g5]ally intelligible1 _h to put x out n only 9 ?ree diff]5t languages1 b 9 ?ree languages belong+ to ! ?ree pr9cipal divisions ( human spee*4 ,h5ce ! tril+ual inscriptions ( ,behi/un1 ,p]sepolis1 etc41 :i* consi/ ( an ,indo-,european1 a ,tt>1 & a ,semitic column4#chh ,?us d all ! v>i$ l9es ( evid5ce proce$+ f hi/ory1 e?nology1 & philology conv]ge ^u ,we/]n ,asia z ! cradle ( ! human race--! c5tre f :i* ! families ( mank9d dep>t$ to p ! e>?2 & we are con/ra9$ to reg>d ! e>ly populations ( t region z furni%+ ! typical /&>d or av]age sample ( our species4 ,proce$+ f a purely zoological /&-po9t1 we %\ld be l$ to an opposite conclusion4 ,look+ to ! g5]al ph5om5a ( ! geographical di/ribution ( animals1 & ! natural r ?an ! artificial conditions ( human exi/5ce1 & argu+ solely on naturali/ic gr\nds1 we %\ld be con/ra9$ to place ! c5tre ( our race 9 ! tropics2 & ( ! int]tropical regions ^? :i* are ! habitat ( ! an?ropoid 7or an?ropomorphic7 ape1 z ,we/]n ,africa & ! s\!rn extremity ( ,asia4 ,9 ! protopla/s ( 8 species ! m]e zoologi/ sees b s _m nak$ bip$s1 ) ! capabilities1 inde$1 ( work+ out = _! future beho( ! ess5tials ( clo?+1 ! use ( fire1 & ! l1 b 9 ! fir/ in/ance unfit = any climate except ! milde/1 & incapable ( su/5ance on any soil except ! mo/ luxuriant4 ,he consequ5tly fixes ^u ! tropics z ! cradle ( our race2 & ^? :o assume ! l9eal desc5t ( ! human species f ! quadrumana fix ^u ^? int]tropical po9ts :i* are ! habitats ( ! an?ropomorphic apes4 ,! law :i* gov]ns ! di/ribution & developm5t ( vegetable & animal life w\ld also lead u to fix ^u ! tropical regions z ! geographical c5tre ( our race4 ,t law may be ?us /at$3 ,! degree ( p]fection ( ! types ( life1 & ! div]sity & numb] ( species1 are proportional to ! int5sity ( heat4 ,9 ?is progress1 z ,humboldt has rem>k$1 we f9d organic life & vigor gradually augm5t+ ) ! increase ( temp]ature4 ,& ! numb] ( species increases z we approa* ! equator1 & decreases z we retire f x4#chi ,9 ! ,frigid ,zone life seems almo/ ext+ui%$ dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye> by ! rigors ( an almo/ p]petual w9t]4 ,! vegetation ( ! pol> regions is /unt$1 dull1 & monoton\s 9 color1 & inadequate to su/a9 animal life4 ,! pla9s are cov]$ ) mosses & li*5s1 & "h & !re a few h]bs & %rubs 7saxifrages1 g5tians1 papav]1 etc471 b no /ately =e/ trees4 ,9 %ort1 ! g5]al *>act]i/ic ( ^! cold regions is ! prepond]ance ( cryptogam\s plants4 ,9 ! ,temp]ate ,zone we h a m>k$ sup]iority 9 vegetable life4 ,"h we h grassy pa/ures1 c]ealia1 & dicotyl$on\s trees--! oak1 a%1 bee*1 maple1 *e/nut1 walnut1 ! apple1 pe>1 plum1 etc4 ,! numb] ( g5]a & species is greatly increas$1 & ! sup]ior types acquire a full] developm5t4 ,! prepond]ance ( phan]ogam\s plants1 ! ri*] color+1 & ! appe>ance ( ev]gre5 trees1 are ! signs ( an imm5se progress4 ,b ! s(t t9ts1 ! m$ium =ms1 & ! w9try sleep ext5d+ ?r\gh half ! ye>1 cle>ly indicate t ! p]fection ( physical nature is n atta9$4#cij ,x is 9 ! heat ( ! ,torrid ,zone :]e nature puts =? all h] en]gy1 & displays h] greate/ res\rces4 ,! cryptogam\s plants atta91 9 arboresc5t =ms1 ! proportions ( our =e/ trees4 ,! grasses :i* we "k 9 our climates only "u ! humble =ms !y put on 9 our fields1 rise1 9 ! elegant & maje/ic bamboo1 to ! height ( sixty or sev5ty feet4 ,a s+le tree is a g>d51 :]e9 a hundr$ diff]5t plants int]tw9e _! bran*es1 & display _! brilliant fl[]s on a gr\nd ( v]dure1 :]e _! v>i$ hues & =ms ( leaves are ri*ly bl5d$4 ,& "h ! p]fection ( vegetable life is atta9$ 9 ! graceful palms :i* /& at ! head & cr[n ! vegetable k+dom4 ,?is is ! region ( a p]petual summ]1 :]e nature makes ample provision = ! support ( animal life1 & ! date1 ! cocoa-nut1 ! banana1 ! planta91 ! sug>-cane1 ! p9e-apple1 supply all ! wants ( unciviliz$ man4 ,! same gradation is m>k$ 9 ! animal k+dom4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic feature ( ! arctic fauna is its dull uni=mity4 ,! species are few 9 numb]1 _! =ms are regul>1 & _! t9ts are dusky z ! nor!rn heav5s4 ,! mo/ conspicu\s animals are ! re9de]1 ! :ite be>1 & ! v>i\s seals2 b ! mo/ important are ! :ales1 :i* rank l[e/ ( all ! mammals4 ,! prepond]ance ( m>9e animals cle>ly indicates an inf]ior developm5t4 ,! faunas ( ! temp]ate regions are mu* m v>i$ ?an 9 ! ,arctic ,zone4 ,in/ead ( consi/+ ma9ly ( aquatic tribes1 we h a consid]able numb] ( t]re/rial animals ( graceful =m1 animat$ appe>ance1 & v>i$ color+1 ?\gh less brilliant ?an ^? f\nd 9 tropical regions4 ,x is 9 ! tropics t animal life atta9s its highe/ developm5t4 ,! b\ndless v>iety ( species1 ! ri*ness ( ! colors1 ! div]sity ( =ms1 ! size & /r5g? ( ! great pa*yd]ms t p ! =e/s & riv]s1 ! fleetness & vigor ( ! f]oci\s d5iz5s ( ! jungle & ! pla91 all atte/ t ?is is ! privileg$ zone4 ,& "h only are f\nd ! quadruman1 :i* /& at ! head ( ! animal k+dom4 ,su*1 !n1 is cle>ly ! law ( ! physical _w4 ,nature goes on add+ p]fection to p]fection f ! pol> regions to ! ,temp]ate ,zone1 & f ! ,temp]ate ,zone to ! region ( ! greate/ heat4 ,animal life increases 9 /r5g? & developm5t2 ! types are improv$2 intellig5ce enl>ges2 ! =m approa*es ne>] ! human figure2 ! ourang-outang occasionally /&s erect2 & ! pres5ce ( ! ma/oid & /yloid processes1 ! developm5t ( ! heel-bone1 & ! =m ( ! pelvis1 toge!r ) ! %ape ( ! e>s & a high] frontal developm5t1 give ! gorilla a />tl+ resemblance to man4 ,foll[+1 !n1 ! asc5d+ s]ies 7especially if man be reg>d$ z ! l9eal desc5dant ( ! an?ropomorphic apes71 we might reasonably suppose t "h w\ld be f\nd ! prop] home & habitat ( man1 & t ! tropical man w\ld be ! highe/ type ( humanity1 &1 physically speak+1 ! mo/ beautiful ( ! species4 ,b ?is1 z e "o kn[s1 is n ! case4 ,:ile all ! types ( plants & ( animals g on increas+ 9 p]fection f ! pol> to ! equatorial regions 9 proportion to ! increase ( temp]ature1 man pres5ts to our view 8 pure/1 8 mo/ p]fect type at ! v c5tre ( ! temp]ate cont95ts1 at ! c5tre ( ,asia-,europe1 9 ! region ( ,iran1 ( ,arm5ia1 & ( ! ,caucasus21 &1 dep>t+ f ?is geographical c5tre 9 ! ?ree gr& directions ( ! l&s1 ! types gradually lose ! beauty ( _! =ms 9 proportion to _! di/ance1 ev5 to ! extreme po9ts ( ! s\!rn cont95ts1 :]e we f9d ! mo/ de=m$ & physically deg5]at$ races1 & ! l[e/ 9 ! scale ( humanity4#cia ,! di/ribution ( ! human race ov] ! face ( ! e>? has ?us be5 gov]n$ by a diff]5t law f t :i* has gov]n$ ! di/ribution ( plants & animals4 ,9 ! latt] case1 ! degree ( p]fection ( ! types is exactly proportional to ! int5sity ( heat & o!r mat]ial conditions favorable to ! developm5t ( physical life4 ,?is is ! law ( a physical ord]4 ,9 ! =m] case1 9 man1 ! degree ( p]fection ( ! types is 9 proportion to ! degree ( intellectual & moral improvem5t1 & to ! physical conditions favorable to intellectual & moral developm5t4 ,?is is ! law ( a moral ord]4 ,?is diff]5ce betwe5 ! two laws has its gr\nd & reason 9 ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! nature & de/9ation ( ^! diff]5t ord]s ( be+4 ,! plant & ! animal are n de/9$ to become a diff]5t ?+ f :at !y already are4 ,! end ( _! exi/5ce is already atta9$4 ,! developm5t ( ea* individual is b\nd to an immutable necessity ( nature4 ,!re=e vegetable life & organization are ceaselessly uni=m2 !re are always ! same cellul> /ructures & ! same morphological =ms4 ,unreason+ & in/9ctive life nev] leaves its sph]e4 ,! beav] builds its dam1 lives1 & dies1 j z x did six ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,! bee builds ! same hexagonal cell %e built be=e ! flood4 ,!re is an all-p]vad+ ord] 9 ! physical _w1 ,b ) man x is q o!rwise4 ,man1 creat$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 is a free moral be+4 ,he is n solely "u ! dom9ion ( m]e nature-conditions1 & he is !re=e a progressive be+4 ,! physical man is n ! true man2 ! body is n an end1 b a means4 ,!re is ano!r man--! intellectual1 ! moral1 ! spiritual man--:i* gr[s up ) ! body1 & to :i* ! physical man is a s]vant & m9i/]4 ,! unfold+1 ! developm5t1 ! p]fection ( ?is spiritual nature is ! gr& end ( man4 ,?is developm5t c only take place "u fre$om2 ?is nature be unfold$ only by education2 ! maturity & ! p]fection ( man secur$ only by ! ex]cise & discipl9e ( 8 spiritual p[]s4#cib ,:o does n see a plan1 a purpose1 a ,provid5ce 9 ?is fact t ! cradle ( ! human race 0 plac$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! cont95ts ( ! nor? & n at ! c5tre ( ! tropical regions8 ,! balmy b en]vat+ atmosph]e ( ! equatorial regions w\ld h lull$ man to sleep1 & he w\ld h made no progress4 ,) an abundant supply = 8 natural wants1 !re w\ld h be5 no motive to indu/ry1 to ent]prise1 & to ! developm5t ( 8 intellectual p[]s4 ,unable to endure ! rigors ( a cold] climate1 & to live on a less luxuriant soil1 he c\ld n h be5 induc$ to migrate to less favorable regions1 &1 cr[d$ on a n>r[ area1 ! race mu/ h be5 f9ally ext]m9at$4 ,b plant$ 9 ! ,temp]ate ,zone1 9 ! mid/ ( ! cont95ts ( ! ,nor?1 s well adapt$ by _! =ms1 _! highly articulat$ p59sulas1 & _! climate to /imulate ! active p[]s ( man1 to promote ent]prise1 to favor comm]ce1 & ha/5 individual developm5t & social organization1 he 0 surr\nd$ by conditions mo/ favorable to ! fulfillm5t ( 8 de/9y4 ,x is also wor?y ( be+ not$ t ,we/]n ,asia 0 n only ! geographical c5tre ( ! human race1 b also ! gr& c5tre ( religi\s light--! cradle ( man's spiritual nature4 ,x 0 "h 9 ! mid/ ( ! six great nations ( antiquity--! ,babylonians1 ! ,assyrians1 ,m$es1 ,p]sians1 ,phnicians1 & ,egyptians--t = ages ! liv+ oracles proclaim$ ! ,tru? ( ,god1 & patri>*s & prophets & se]s 7 receiv$ into int]c\rse ) ! high] _w4 ,& x 0 9 ,pale/9e1 ! c5tre ( ! ?ree cont95ts ( ! ,old ,_w1 & ne> five great seas--! highways ( ! _w's travel & comm]ce--t ,jesus ( ,naz>e? taught ! glad tid+s ( great joy = ! nations1 & s5t =? 8 apo/les into all ! _w to prea* t ,gospel to e creature4 #b4 ,ano!r important fact :i* hi/ory enables u v di/9ctly to recognize is t ^? epo*s ( civilization :i* repres5t ! highe/ degree ( culture atta9$ by man at diff]5t p]iods 9 8 hi/ory h n succe$$ "o ano!r 9 ! same place1 b h pass$ f "o c\ntry to ano!r4 ,x is an und\bt$ hi/oric fact1 z we h already se51 t ,asia 0 ! cradle ( ! human race4 ,we/]n ,asia is ! !atre ( ! e>lie/ civilization ( :i* we h any hi/oric records4 ,!n a new] & high] =m appe>s on ! p59sula ( ,greece4 ,! c5tre ( civilization aga9 *anges place1 & ,rome embraces & improves ^u t ( ! anci5t _w4 ,!n pass+ ! ,alps1 /ill fur!r to ! we/1 x spreads ov] ,france & ,g]many & ! ,briti% ,isles1 & assumes a nobl] =m2 & f9ally x crosses ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 & develops its highe/ type 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,?is ord] may be call$ ! geographical m>* ( civilization4 ,9 ! pr9ciple we en\nc$ at ! op5+ ( ?is *apt]1 t ! e>? is ! s*ool-h\se ( man--its highe/ function be+ to aid 9 8 intellectual & moral tra9+1 & furni% ! conditions 9 :i* he may fulfill 8 noble de/9y--we c recognize at once ! reason & ! law ( ?is rem>kable progression4 ,& z no s+le cont95t furni%es all ! conditions necess>y to ! complete developm5t ( man1 & ea* ( ! ?ree nor!rn cont95ts1 by virtue ( its /ructure & climate & physical conditions1 has a special function to fulfill 9 ! education ( mank9d1 s ,god1 9 8 provid5ce1 has l$ ! human family f ea/ to we/1 ov] ! cont95ts ( ! ,temp]ate ,zone1 9 ord] to secure ! education1 ! moral advancem5t1 & ! f9al p]fection ( our race4 ,! education ( ! race has1 no d\bt1 proce$$ v mu* 9 ! same mann] z ! education ( ! individual4 ,! g5]al law obs]vable 9 ! developm5t ( "o human m9d may be trac$ 9 ! developm5t ( humanity z a :ole4 ,t :i* takes place on ! limit$ field ( individual consci\sness may also be f\nd ^u ! l>g] field ( univ]sal consci\sness1 :i* is ! !atre ( hi/ory2 & z "o epo* succe$s ano!r 9 ! progress ( ! individual1 s mu/ x be 9 ! progress ( nations4 ,:at1 !n1 are ! cle> & obvi\s /ages 9 ! developm5t ( ! human m9d8 ,d we n cle>ly recognize ! foll[+ ord]8 #a4 ,! p]iod ( submission to absolute au?ority4 ,?is is ! fir/ condition ( infancy4 ,! *ild is controll$ absolutely by ! w ( ! p>5t4 ,x is almo/ passive amid surr\nd+ conditions1 & p>5tal au?ority is its only law ( movem5t & action4 #b4 ,! discipl9e ( ! consci5ce4 ,?is is ! era ( *ildhood4 ,! ideas ( ! "r & ! good are develop$ 9 ! m9d4 ,an int]nal law ( duty beg9s to reveal itself4 ,! *ild beg9s to discrim9ate betwe5 :at he ought & ought n to d4 ,& 9 ! education ( ! *ild ! object ( a wise & virtu\s p>5t is to /r5g!n ?is t5d5cy by urg+ him to act ^u ^! ideas4 #c4 ,! developm5t ( p]sonal lib]ty--t is1 ( indep5d5t ?\ght & self-orig9at$ action4 ,?is is ! p]iod ( y\?4 ,! y\? passes f ! control ( 8 p>5ts & tea*]s1 & beg9s to ?9k & act = himself4 #d4 ,! tra9+ & discipl9e ( ! w "u social law--t is1 ! volunt>y ob$i5ce to laws impos$ by society1 submission to regulations impos$ = ! public good4 ,?is is ! p]iod ( manhood4 ,! "y man passes into society1 he becomes a memb] ( ! body politic1 & freely acts1 n simply z an individual1 b z a memb] ( a corporation & ( a /ate4 #e4 ,! developm5t ( active philan?ropy4 ,! man advances beyond ! claims ( social law1 & acts f ! prompt+s ( love & good-w t[>d all m54 ,pass+ ?r\gh all ! v>i$ /ages 9 ! progressive developm5t ( human "*1 & reta9+ ! results ( ea*1 he becomes ! p]fect man4 ,& n[ x w be promptly recogniz$ t ?is has be5 ! ord] ( progress 9 humanity z a :ole--t is1 ! progress ( hi/ory & ( civilization4 ,! fir/ corresponds ) ,ori5tal1 ! second ) ,hebrew1 ! ?ird ) ,greek1 ! f\r? ) ,roman1 & ! la/ ) ,*ri/ian civilization4 ,x w also be obs]v$ t ea* epo* 9 ! developm5t ( ! individual has dem&$ new conditions1 & has tak5 place 9 a new sph]e4 ,! fir/ /age 9 ! developm5t ( individual "* is infoldm5t 9 ! arms ( ! p>5t4 ,he is /ill held1 z x 71 )9 ! circle ( mat]nal life4 ,he is bewild]$ by ! va/ness & v>iety ( ext]nal nature1 & he s9ks back into 8 "m's arms4 ,! second sph]e is 9 ! bosom ( ! family & amid ! sc5es ( dome/ic life1 :]e he recognizes relations & becomes consci\s ( duties4 ,! ?ird is 9 ! s*ool & ! out] _w1 :]e ?\ght awak5s1 &1 enjoy+ m fre$om ( movem5t1 he becomes m consci\s ( 8 p]sonal lib]ty4 ,! f\r? is 9 society1 ! /ate1 ! ar5a ( political life1 :]e 8 movem5ts mu/ be regulat$ by law2 & ! pursuit ( 8 own pleasure or aggr&izem5t mu/ n int]f]e ) ! rights ( 8 fell[-man4 ,! fif? & la/ is 9 ! *ur*1 ! home ( religi\s life1 :]e he is call$ to asc5d f ! region ( m]e law to t ( holy love4 ,s also ea* epo* 9 ! developm5t ( humanity has _h its sep>ate sph]e & its new conditions1 fir/ 9 ,asia prop]1 next 9 ,pale/9e1 on ! bord]s ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 !n on ! p59sula ( ,greece1 !n 9 ,italy1 & la/ly 9 ,cont95tal ,europe1 ,engl&1 & ,am]ica4 #a4 ,asia1 z we h se51 0 ! cradle ( ! race4 ,"h1 9 ! infancy ( humanity1 ,ori5tal ,civilization dawns4 ,amid ! ext5d$ pla9s & l(ty m\nta9s ( ,asia1 ^? /up5d\s & massive =ms ( ,ori5tal nature1 man felt himself absolutely dep5d5t4 ,to ! riv] he look$ z ! f]tiliz] ( ! soil2 to ! animal :i* roam$ 9 ! des]t1 & ! almo/ spontane\s vegetation ( ! e>?1 = 8 food2 to ! sun1 z ! f\nta9 ( light & heat1 ! giv] ( life & dea?4#cic ,he 0 environ$ & ov]p[]$ by nature4 ,almo/ unconsci\s ( 8 own fre$om1 he lay 9 h] bosom1 z ! *ild reposes 9 ! arms ( its "m4 ,und]ly+ all ! massive =ms ( ,ori5tal nature he recogniz$ an invisible ,p[] & ,pres5ce1 & he wor%ip$ nature z an imp]sonation ( ,god4 ,e ?+ inspir$ him ) ! s5se ( ! ,inf9ite1 ! consci\sness ( dep5d5ce on an absolute ,w4 ,! patri>*al gov]nm5t1 impos$ by nature1 re/ra9$ 8 p]sonal lib]ty4 ,8 prop]ty & life 7 at ! disposal ( 8 *ief--an absolute autocrat1 :o ex]cis$ ov] him an unlimit$ p[]4 ,ori5tal civilization unque/ionably repres5ts ! infancy ( man4 #b4 ,9 ,hebrew civilization we h1 z an especial feature1 ! discipl9e ( ! consci5ce4 ,! *ild-man comes m directly "u ! p[] ( moral culture4 ,! gov]nm5t & discipl9e to :i* he is n[ subject$ aim to develop 9 8 m9d ! idea ( ! j1 ! "r1 ! pure4 ,he is receiv+ in/ruction 9 :at he ought & ought n to d4 ,8 conceptions ( ! moral "* ( ,god are to be enl>g$1 ! idea especially ( ! hol9ess ( ,god is to be develop$ 9 8 m9d ?r\gh ! m$ium ( mat]ial symbols & religi\s rites4 ,! call ( ,abraham sets =? at once ! c5tral lesson ( fai? 9 an unse5 p]sonal ,god4 ,! hi/ory ( ! patri>*s br+s into cle>] light ! sov]eignty ( ,god z oppos$ to ! m]e dom9ion ( nature & fate4 ,a nation gr[s up 9 pres5ce ( ,egyptian culture1 & aft] ! purpose ( ,god 9 ! discipl9e ( ,egypt is accompli%$1 !y are l$ into ! wild]ness1 & ,god n[ reveals ,himself z a ,lawgiv] & ,judge1 & a ritual is giv5 :i* tea*es at once ! hol9ess ( ,god & ! exce$+ s9fulness ( s94#cid ,= ! a*ievem5t ( ?is object a new sph]e is dem&$--! seclusion & isolation ( family life4 ,accord+ly ,abraham 0 call$ to leave ,*alda1 ! sc5e ( ,ori5tal civilization1 & l$ into ,canaan1 t he might become ! fa!r ( a great nation1 & ! s\rce ( a new & bett] civilization4 ,! m\nta9\s region ( ,pale/9e 0 admirably fitt$ to be ! !atre ( ?is new civilization4 ,no o!r l& on ! globe 0 s peculi>ly fitt$ to fulfill ?is (fice4 ,! nor!rn half ( ,syria 0 n s favorable a locality2 = trav]s$ z x 0 by ! great highway f ,asia ,m9or to ,assyria1 x 0 subject to ! influ5ce ( =eign travel f ! e>lie/ times4 ,b ,pale/9e lay surr\nd$ by popul\s c\ntries1 & yet isolat$ f !m4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! six great nations ( antiquity--! ,babylonians1 ! ,assyrians1 ! ,m$es1 ,p]sians1 ,phnicians1 & ,egyptians--x 0 sep>at$ f !m all4#cie ,?us seclud$ & isolat$ f ! re/ ( mank9d1 ! ,hebrews dwelt alone z "o great family4 ,! fir/ =m ( gov]nm5t 0 a patri>*y--! fa!r ( ! family & ( ! tribe be+ ! rul]4 ,! second 0 a !ocracy1 9 :i* ,god1 ! ,fa!r ( ! families ( all ! e>?1 becomes ! imm$iate rul]4 ,! ?ird 0 a mon>*y--! gov]nm5t ( a man appo9t$ & su/a9$ 9 8 au?ority by ,god4 ,& ! hi/ory ( ?is nation is little else ?an "o ( in/ruction1 discipl9e1 & *a/isem5t--a tutelage 9 :i* ! p 7 "u law & n "u grace4 ,! ,hebrew civilization repres5ts ! *ildhood ( humanity4 ,& ! lessons "h taught 7 n lo/ to ! race4 ,!y 7 c>ri$ to ,assyria & ,babylonia dur+ ! p]iod ( ! two captivities2 & 9 ! colonies :i* 7 f\nd$ 9 ,asia ,m9or1 ,rome1 & ,alex&ria ! influ5ce ex]t$ by ,judaism 0 consid]ably great] ?an t :i* 0 ex]t$ ^u x4 ,! union ( ,judaism & ,platonism is fully repres5t$ 9 ,philo ! ,alex&rian ,jew4 #c4 ,9 ,grecian civilization we h ! developm5t ( p]sonal fre$om ( ?\ght & action4 ,! ,div9e discipl9e ( ! ,jews1 z we h se51 0 ess5tially a moral discipl9e--a discipl9e ( ! consci5ce4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 0 n a complete discipl9e ( our :ole nature4 ,! reason dem&s culture z well z ! consci5ce4 ,! process & ! issue 9 ! two cases 7 widely diff]5t1 b !y 7 9 "s s5se complem5t>y2 & ! "o succe$s ! o!r 9 ! ord] ( "t4 ,! ,div9e k+dom ( ! ,jews 0 j ov]?r[n :5 free speculation arose 9 ! ,ionian colonies ( ,asia2 & ! tea*+ ( ! la/ prophet ne>ly syn*ronizes ) ! dea? ( ,socrates4#cif ,?is new civilization c\ld n be a*iev$ on ! cont95t ( ,asia1 & !re=e a new !atre is prep>$4 ,europe may be call$ a cont9uation ( ,c5tral ,asia4 ,x surpasses its ,ori5tal neighbor 9 ! advantage ( hav+ no int]nal m\nta9 b>ri] to divide its nor? & s\?4 ,?us ,europe has be5 able to develop itself m indep5d5tly & freely 9 consequ5ce ( ! numb] ( its p59sul> =ms4444 ,! ?ree *>act]i/ic features 9 ! =mation ( ,europe t are ! physical gr\nds ( ! developm5t ( its nations are its l>ge ext5t ( seabo>d1 its p59sul> =ms1 & ! numb] ( its isl&s4#cig ,on ! p59sula ( ,greece1 on ! %ores ( ! gean & ,ionian seas1 !re 0 fre$om ( movem5t1 facility ( int]c\rse ) ! surr\nd+ nations1 & inducem5ts to m>itime ent]prise4 ,^! conditions 7 und\bt$ly favorable to a high] developm5t4 ,! inl& sea1 ! magnific5t riv]1 says ,c\s91 is ! natural symbol ( movem5t4 ,^! repres5t ! activity ( nature1 & !y become natural c5tres ( progress4 ,! sea is ! highway ( comm]ce1 & comm]ce is ! gr& *annel ( ideas1 ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! k acquir$ by "o p c fl[ readily into o!r l&s4 ,amid su* conditions ! m9d awakes to activity1 & ! p]iod ( y\? comm5ces4 ,awak5+ ?\ght is fir/ direct$ to ! out] _w1 & attempts an explanation ( its ph5om5a4 ,greek philosophy ?us becomes1 at its fir/ appe>ance1 a philosophy ( nature1 & ! ,ionian s*ool 0 a s*ool ( physici/s4 ,"h ! great names :i* appe> at ! dawn ( m5tal activity are ,?ales1 ,anaxim&]1 ,anaxim5es1 ,h]aclites1 & ,diog5es4 ,f ! /udy ( nature ! human race advances to ! /udy ( man4 ,! new s*ool is a s*ool ( moral & m5tal philosophy1 or1 m correctly1 ( psy*ology & e?ics1 adorn$ by su* immortal names z ,socrates1 ,plato1 & ,ari/otle4 ,9 ,greece1 philosophy1 poetry1 eloqu5ce1 ! f9e arts1 7 ext5sively cultivat$4 ,z ?is 0 an age ( great activity ( ?\ght1 s x 0 also an age ( great political fre$om4 ,! gov]nm5t 0 9 _m respects a gov]nm5t ( ! p1 a democracy4 ,e ?+1 9 fact1 9 ,greece be>s evid5ce ( ! prepond]ance ( human p]sonality1 & ! en]gy ( individual "*4#cih ,grecian civilization repres5ts ! y\? ( humanity4 ,! results ( ?is culture 7 c>ri$ to o!r l&s by ! conque/s ( ,alex&]1 & subsequ5tly by ! conqu]+ ,romans4 ,! poets1 ! ar*itects1 ! sculptors1 ! hi/orians1 ! philosoph]s ( ,greece1 are /ill ! guides & models ( ! m5 ( ?\ght & ta/e 9 all cultivat$ nations4 ,! ,greek is /ill1 9 a peculi> s5se1 ! tea*] ( ! _w4 #d4 ,9 ,roman civilization we h ! discipl9e ( ! w "u social & civil law1 ! m p]fect organization ( society & ( gov]nm5t1 ! developm5t ( ! sci5ce ( jurisprud5ce4 ,?is social & political organization 0 a new "w1 a high] civilization1 & x dem&$ a new &1 9 fact1 a l>g] sph]e4 ,! c5tre ( ! civiliz$ _w n[ *anges place1 &1 mov+ we/w>d1 e/abli%es itself 9 ! p59sula ( ,italy4 ,by successive conque/s its circumf]5ce enl>ges1 & f9ally x embraces at once ! ,s\? & ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/4 ,! place :i* ,rome occupi$1 9 ! v middle ( ! bas9 ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 seem$ to =e%ad[ t %e 0 de/9$ to become ! metropolis ( all ! civiliz$ nations :o dwelt ^u its %ores4 ,rome ext5d$ its conque/s to ,spa91 ,gaul1 ,brita91 ,illyria1 ,greece1 ,asia ,m9or1 ,egypt1 ,africa1 & ! isl&s ( ! ,m$it]ranean--ov]1 9 fact1 six hundr$ ?\s& squ>e leagues ( ! mo/ f]tile c\ntry2 & all b realiz$ ! dream ( ! _w's great conqu]ors--a univ]sal empire4 ,x 0 def5d$ by a regul> army ( five hundr$ ?\s& m51 rang$ 9 ! ord] ( ! fam\s legions1 :i* con/itut$ ! mo/ effective milit>y organization kn[n4 ,! gov]nm5t ( an empire ( su* va/ proportions & div]sity ( populations dem&$ ! greate/ political skill4 ,to e/abli% durable ties betwe5 ^! div]se peoples1 & to comb9e 9 ! same social network all ! civiliz$ nations ( ! _w1 dem&$ ! highe/ legislative tal5t1 & gave bir? to ! sci5ce ( jurisprud5ce1 :i*1 next to t ( !ology1 is ! mo/ important & useful to man4 ,! inability ( ! ,greek to a*ieve ?is great "w is cle>ly ev9c$ by ! t]rible ,peloponnesian ,w> & ! lam5table hi/ory ( ! empire ( ,alex&] & 8 successors4 ,greece repres5ts individuality2 ,rome1 association1 unity1 &1 9 "s degree1 ! equality ( all races ( m54 ,?is 0 unque/ionably a m>vel\s developm5t3 ,9 public law1 ! ext5sion1 /ep by /ep1 ?r\gh _m a civil commotion1 ( ! full rights ( citiz5%ip f ! n>r[ circle ( a few score ( favor$ families to ! entire sph]e ( ! free subjects ( ! empire2 9 private law1 ! equal communication among v>i\s classes ( ! rights ( prop]ty & dom9ion ov] ! national soil2 ! abolition ( t]ritorial privileges2 ! readju/m5t1 by gradual & peaceful manipulation1 ( ! cada/ral map ( ! empire2 ! relaxation1 by sl[ & exp]im5tal process1 ( ! patri>*al au?ority ( ! head ( ! family2 ( ! fa!r ov] ! son1 :om at fir/ he might puni%1 sell1 or slay2 ( ! husb& ov] ! wife1 :om at fir/ he receiv$ f h] p>5ts z ! spoil ( 8 own spe>1 & rul$ z ! *attel he _h plund]$2#cii ( ! ma/] ov] ! slave1 absolute at fir/1 f9al & irresponsible to law1 cu/om1 or consci5ce2 ! gradual replacem5t ( ! /rictly national & tribal ideas on ^! subjects by views ( "r1 ju/ice1 & virtue to mank9d 9 g5]al2 ! sl[ b con/ant gr[? ( pr9ciples ( natural & univ]sal law1 & _! application1 se>*+ly & ?or\ghly1 to e subject ( jurisprud5ce1 & to all ! deal+s ( man ) man4#djj ,?is va/ ,roman ,empire comb9$ all ! elem5ts ( civilization *>act]i/ic ( =m] p]iods4 ,! philosoph]1 ! lawy]1 & ! /atesman 7 unit$ 9 ! p]son ( h] great m51 z ,cic]o & ,cato1 & sometimes also ! w>rior1 z 9 ! case ( ! fir/ ( ! ,cs>s4 ,! days ( ! ,roman ,republic pres5t ! mo/ brilliant social & political epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! anci5t _w4 ,! life ( a ,roman citiz5 0 emphatically a public life4 ,! love ( c\ntry 0 c>ri$ to ! highe/ pit*1 & 0 p>am\nt to e o!r consid]ation4 ,! laws & jurisprud5ce ( ,anci5t ,rome h furni%$ models = ! :ole civiliz$ _w4 ,! _w-wide ela/ic sy/em ( jurisprud5ce by :i* ! great ,roman ,empire1 ) all its b\ndless v>iety ( races1 cre$s1 & mann]s1 0 = ages h>moni\sly & equitably gov]n$2 :i* 0 accept$ & ratifi$ z an et]nal possession by ! same empire :5 x became ,*ri/ian2 & has be5 prov$ to satisfy ! pr9ciples ( law & ju/ice ann\nc$ by a religion :i* alone proclaim$ ! unity & equality ( man2444 f9ally1 a jurisprud5ce :i* has be5 incorporat$ into ! p>ticul> legal sy/ems (1 ,i suppose1 e mod]n nation 9 ,*ri/5dom1 m>ks a high degree ( civilization1 & ju/ifies u 9 reg>d+ ,roman civilization z repres5t+ ! manhood ( our race4 #e4 ,& n[ comes1 la/ ( all1 ! ,*ri/ian civilization1 or ! age ( philan?ropy4 ,:5 ! ,roman ,empire _h atta9$ its z5i?1 & all civiliz$ nations 7 br\ght "u "o gov]nm5t2 & ! _w 0 at peace2 & ! philosophy ( ,greece & ! jurisprud5ce ( ,rome _h prep>$ ! way = a high] & a nobl] civilization1 !n1 9 ! fullness ( "t--! rip5ess & maturity ( ! ages or disp5sations--,god s5t 8 ,son1 made "u ! law1 to r$eem !m t are "u ! law1 t we might receive ! adoption ( sons4 ,he came to exhibit completely ! tru? :i* _h be5 p>tially reveal$ to ,plato1 t ,god is ,love--t ,love is creation's f9al law--& t ! complet5ess & p]fection ( humanity is resemblance to ,god4#dja ,he came to ann\nce & en=ce ! bro!rhood ( mank9d1 & ! equality ( all classes & races 9 ! sight ( ,god4 ,he proclaim$ ! equal wor? ( all human s\ls 9 ! e/imation ( ! heav5ly ,fa!r2 & to prove t all m5 are alike ! objects ( ,div9e c>e & solicitude1 ,he laid d[n 8 life z a propitiation = ! s9s ( ! :ole _w4 ,= ! reception ( ?is gospel ( univ]sal bro!rhood & equal rights ! ,grecian & ,roman civilizations _h prep>$ ! way4 ,& n[ ,he gives to ! race ! new comm&m5t1 :i* is ! fundam5tal law ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 & is f9ally to become ! univ]sal law = all nations1 t ,m5 %\ld love "o ano!r1 z ,he lov$ all m51 & laid d[n 8 life = !m4 ,! :ole _s & t5d5cy ( ?is cr[n+ =m ( civilization c n be misappreh5d$4 ,its sympa?ies are all ) ! poor1 ! suff]+1 & ! oppress$2 x c n fail to ov]?r[ ca/es & ari/ocracies1 to de/roy tyranny1 oppression1 & slav]y1 & at la/ to unite all m5 9 bonds ( love to ea* o!r & to ,god4 ,& n[ to :at p %all be committ$ ! (fice ( diffus+ & p]petuat+ ?is noble/ & highe/ civilization8 ,n to ! ,jewi% nation1 = x 0 exclusive & selfi%2 n to ! ,greek1 = x _h become effete2 n to ! ,roman1 = x _h become corrupt4 ,*ri/ianity1 x is true1 0 born on ,jewi% soil1 b x 0 soon transf]r$ to a m favorable clime4 ,! ,*ur* 0 e>ly plant$ 9 ,rome1 b a*iev$ its gr&e/ conque/s among ano!r p4 ,! fi]ce ,g]manic tribes ( ! ,nor? conqu] ! ,roman ,empire1 & are conqu]$ by its ,*ri/ianity4 ,already ! ,g]mans _h ! conception ( an illimitable ,deity1 t[>d :om !y look$ ) solemn & rev]5tial awe4#djb ,hav+ p5etrat$ into ! mid/ ( ! ,roman ,empire1 !y came fully into ! pres5ce & "u ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,_! conv]sion 0 spe$y & comp>atively complete4 ,! con/ant int]c\rse n[ ma9ta9$ betwe5 ,rome & ,c5tral & ,nor!rn ,europe 9 a %ort "t c>ri$ ?is new civilization across ! ,alps2 ! circle rapidly wid5s1 & embraces all ,europe 9 a common fai?4 ,all ! ri* treasures ( ! pa/ are appropriat$ by ,*ri/ianity--! moral culture ( ! ,hebrew1 ! poetry & philosophy ( ,greece1 ! jurisprud5ce ( ,anci5t ,rome4 ,all ^!--9 s f> z !y are pure & good--are absorb$ by ,*ri/ianity1 & ennobl$ & baptiz$ by ! ,*ri/ian _s4 ,9 ,*ri/ian ,europe poetry1 philosophy1 sci5ce fl\ri%$ z !y _h nev] fl\ri%$ 9 any prec$+ age1 & !y lay _! ri*e/ tribute at ! feet ( ,*ri/1 ! ,div9e ,k+ ( ! _w4 ,nature1 also1 h]self becomes m & m subject to man1 & to ! religion ( ! ,god-man4 ,sci5ce multiplies ! means ( diffus+ k & ! facilities ( int]c\rse among ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,! discov]y ( ! art ( pr9t+ op5s ! ,book ( ,life to ! millions ( our race4 ,space has be5 annihilat$ by railroads2 by ! help ( /eam cont95ts are unit$2 ! electric telegraph is b9d+ ! nations 9 "o4 ,& n[ ! g5ius ( ,*ri/ianity beg9s m signally to reveal itself z a p[] act+ on ! social life ( man4 ,! =ms & conditions ( 8 e>?ly lot are be+ wond]fully trans=m$ & improv$4 ,sci5ce is emancipat+ labor1 & con/antly ov]com+ ! s\rces ( human suff]+4 ,hygi5ic sci5ce is pres]v+ life & ext5d+ ! t]m ( human exi/5ce4 ,mank9d is ris+ above ! sph]e ( m]e law1 into ! sph]e ( noble love4 ,philan?ropic in/itutions are be+ daily multipli$1 humanit>ian & ,*ri/ian ent]prises mo/ vigor\sly prosecut$1 & a noble b5evol5ce is rapidly supplant+ ! ignoble selfi%ness ( =m] ages4 ,*alm]s1 ,h[>d1 ,wilb]=ce1 ,hit*cock1 ,amos ,lawr5ce1 ,elizabe? ,fry1 ,flor5ce ,night+ale1 ,mrs4 ,glad/one1 are repres5tative m5 & wom5 ( ! new age4 ,*ri/ian civilization is no long] ! prop]ty ( any "o nation alone4 ,n[ x embraces 9 its purposes & plans ! evangelization ( all ! nations ( ! e>?4 ,! _w is n[ its field4 ,! accumulat$ waves ( light & p[] f ,hebrew & ,grecian & ,roman civilizations1 to :i* ,*ri/ianity has add$ a new life & =ce1 are de/9$ to roll back a tide ( bless+ ^u ! remnants ( ^? anci5t nations1 & sweep nor?w>d & s\?w>d-- ,till l a sea ( glory1 ,x spreads f pole to pole4 ,! cr[n+ a*ievem5t ( a ,*ri/ian civilization w be ! political reg5]ation ( ! nations--! e/abli%m5t ( all human gov]nm5ts on ! pr9ciples ( human equality1 natural rights1 & ! bro!rhood ( man4 ,! glory ( ?is a*ievem5t1 9 all its fullness1 is n1 h[ev]1 ! "w ( ,europe4 ,%e inh]its too positively ! m>tial _s ( ,anci5t ,rome4 ,anci5t cu/oms & prescriptions1 h]$it>y ca/es1 ari/ocracies1 & k+s1 & an ecclesia/ical polity m\ld$ by ^!1 /& 9 ! way ( a ,*ri/ianity ( equality1 ( fre$om1 & ( univ]sal bro!rhood4 ,europe has h] roots too deeply infix$ 9 ! pa/ to adapt h]self1 fully & readily1 to ! enl>g$ pr9ciples ( a ?or\ghly ,*ri/ian civilization4 ,a new c\ntry is !re=e ne$$1 a ,new ,_w1 :]e ,*ri/ianity c remodel human society1 & recon/ruct human gov]nm5ts ^u h] own pr9ciples1 & ! human race c ent] ^u ! la/ /age 9 its progress t[>d ! n[ visible portals ( its f9al goal4 ,! ,ea/1 says ,ritt]1 repres5ts hope1 ! ,we/1 fulfillm5t4 ,t new cont95t 0 discov]$ j at ! prop] h\r4 ,_h ,nor? ,am]ica be5 discov]$ e>li]1 x w\ld h be5 peopl$ by ,ca?olic nations1 & ! noble civilization :i* ,*ri/ianity 0 design$ to a*ieve w\ld h be5 cramp$ & fett]$ by ! h& ( an ecclesia/ical hi]>*y4 ,! ,new ,_w repos$ quietly 9 ! bosom ( a yet untrav]s$ ocean await+ ! adv5t ( ! ,prote/ant ,re=mation4 ,lu!r drew ! ,bible f its concealm5t 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,erfurt at ! same "t 7#aejb7 t ,columbus discov]$ ! ,am]ican cont95t4#djc ,! fir/ settl]s 9 ,new ,engl& 7 em95tly ,prote/ant4 ,!y 7 m5 :o lov$ ! ,^w ( ,god1 & !y s\ght to organize society 9 ?is new c\ntry ^u its holy pr9ciples4 ,?is new colonization _h its bir? amid ! agoniz+ ?roes ( m>tyrdom4 ,! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs _h be5 p]secut$ & driv5 f home = ,*ri/'s sake4 ,!y s\ght ! des]t t !y might h fre$om to wor%ip ,god accord+ to ! dictates ( _! own consci5ces2 & !y brav$ ! dang]s ( ! almo/ untravel$ deep1 & ! p]ils ( an inhospitable %ore 9 mid-w9t]1 to lay ! f\ndations ( a new empire :i* %\ld be ! home ( lib]ty1 & ! sanctu>y ( piety = !mselves & _! *ildr54 ,! ,puritan love ( fre$om & rev]5ce = religion has left its impress on ! m9d & "* ( ! ,am]ican p1 ^u _! modes ( ?\ght1 & ^u ! in/itutions ( _! c\ntry4 ,! ideas ( univ]sal lib]ty & equal ju/ice are int]wov5 9 h] ,con/itution1 &1 9 g5]al1 ! _s ( h] legislation has be5 9 accordance !re)4 ,a relic ( b>b>ism l&$ at ,jame/[n1 9 ,virg9ia1 :i* aft] a fi]ce /ruggle ( ye>s 0 f9ally conqu]$1 & ! rank (f5se 0 expiat$ by te>s & blood4 ,god has de/roy$ slav]y 9 ,am]ica by ! brea? ( 8 m\?1 & its dea?-knell has s\nd$ all ov] ! globe4 ,! cause ( fre$om is /rong] 9 ,europe z ! reflex ( h] triumphs "h4 ,f9ally1 a rem>kable *>act]i/ic ( ! civilization ( ! ,new ,_w is ! emancipation ( man f ! dom9ion ( nature4 ,by an amaz+ f]tility ( me*anical contrivance man is "h rapidly subdu+ ! e>?4 ,releas$ f m]ely local & h]$it>y ties1 he spreads freely ov] ! va/ t]ritory1 & rapidly multiplies ! means ( easy locomotion4 ,! soil is be+ ext5sively cultivat$2 ! climate1 ev51 modifi$2 ! physiognomy ( nature *ang$ by ! intellig5ce ( man2 & a reg5]at$ e>? is to be1 at la/1 ! consequ5ce ( a reg5]at$ race4 ,physical nature sympa?izes ) ! intellectual & moral condition ( man4 ,sci5ce is anticipat+ ! "t :5 ! e>? w only produce cultivat$ plants & dome/ic animals2 :5 man's selection %all h supplant$ 'natural selection2' & :5 ! ocean alone w be ! only doma9 9 :i* t p[] c be ex]t$ :i* = c\ntless cycles ( ages rul$ supreme ov] ! e>?4#djd ,! :ole creation has groan$ & travail$ toge!r 9 pa9 until n[1444 wait+ = ! manife/ation ( ! sons ( ,god4 ,v]ily !re is a ,god t n only judges 9 ! e>?1 b guides & in/ructs ! nations1 & :o 9 ! developm5t ( ! e>? & ( hi/ory worke? all ?+s accord+ to 8 et]nal c\nsel & purpose1 t = ! rational creation ,god may be all 9 all4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,special ,,provid5ce ,,& ,,pray]4 ,engl&'s ?9k]s are aga9 beg9n+ to see1 :at !y _h only tempor>ily =gott51 t ! difficulties ( metaphysics lie at ! root ( all sci5ce4--,j4 ,s4 ,,mill4 ,! mo/ %>ply def9$ issue betwe5 ,sci5ce & ,religion--9 fact1 ! only real issue at ! pres5t "t--is 9 reg>d to ! doctr9e ( ,special ,provid5ce & ! efficacy ( ,pray]4 ,^! are n 9 reality two di/9ct que/ions3 !y are b opposite phases ( "o & ! same "q4 ,! doctr9e ( special provid5ce is ! !oretic aspect1 & ! doctr9e ( ! efficacy ( pray] is ! practical aspect ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! relation ( ,god to nature & man4 ,we c n1 !re=e1 discuss ! practical "q ap>t f ! !oretic2 nei!r c we rea* any decisive conclusions 9 reg>d to ei!r unless we />t ) cle> & well-def9$ conceptions ( ! fundam5tal relations betwe5 ,god & nature1 & betwe5 ,god & man4 ,we %all assume ! exi/5ce ( ,god z ! common po/ulate ( all religion & ( all philosophy4 ,if ?is be d5i$1 !n all discussion ( ! pres5t "q is useless1 because we h no common />t+-po9t4 ,b x w n be d5i$1 we ?9k1 t ! va/ majority ( sci5tific m5 are agre$ t ! idea ( ,god is ! necess>y presupposition ( all ^? bran*es ( sci5ce :i* conc]n !mselves ) g5etic problems--t is1 ) problems ( orig92 & :i*1 /rictly speak+1 are n problems ( sci5ce1 b ( philosophy4 ,^! sci5ti/s may n all *oose to employ ! t]m ,god1 b !y w all recognize1 ) ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 ! exi/5ce ( an uncondition$ ,cause z ! ultimate ( all ultimates1 & !y w admit ) him t ! ,fir/ ,cause mu/ be inf9ite1 absolute1 & p]fect1 includ+ )9 itself all p[] & transc5d+ all law4#dje ,mr4 ,sp5c] calls ?is idea ( a ,fir/ ,cause a datum ( consci\sness2 & he ass]ts t ?is inexpugnable consci\sness1 9 :i* religion & philosophy are at "o ) common-s5se1 is likewise t on :i* all exact sci5ce is f\nd$4#djf ,tak+ ?is fundam5tal presupposition z g5]ally conc$$--namely1 ! exi/5ce ( a ,p[] :i* is unorig9at$ & indep5d5t2 a ,p[] :i* is consci\s ( itself & det]m9es itself2 a ,p[] :i* transc5ds all law & is ! s\rce ( all law--! "q at issue may be ?us /at$--,h our pray]s any influ5ce ) ?is ,p[]8 ,c !y 9 any way affect ! ,div9e feel+ & action t[>d u8 ,d !y h any indirect influ5ce ^u t succession ( ev5ts 9 nature & hi/ory :i* is effectuat$ & det]m9$ by t ,supreme ,p[]8 ,?is is ! real "q at issue betwe5 sci5ce & religion4 ,no?+ ne$ be said to deep5 our s5se ( ! importance ( ?is issue4 ,we all reg>d x z "o ( ! vital que/ions ( ! h\r1 ! mo/ vital "q = religi\s m51 yea1 ! mo/ vital "q = sci5tific m51 inasmu* z !re are mom5ts ( sadness & sorr[1 ( d\bt & my/]y1 :5 man feels t 8 only refuge is 9 pray]1 &1 sci5ce or no sci5ce1 he mu/ pray4 ,b if !re is no liv+ ,god to sympa?ize ) u 9 our sorr[ & help u 9 our deepe/ ne$1 or1 :i* am\nts to ! same ?+1 if ,god is s completely environ$ by laws :i* ,he has ,himself enact$1 & s imprison$ 9 8 own works t ,he c d no?+ to aid u1 !n pray] is an illusion1 & in/ead ( be+ 9 any way b5eficial to u1 x inflicts a deep & irrep>able injury ^u our intellectual & moral life4 ,if !re is no?+ 9 ! univ]se b me*anical =ce & necess>y law2 if !re is no fre$om & no moral purpose1 !n pray] = help & succor & guidance is a consci\s or unconsci\s deception practic$ by ! s\l ^u itself1 & ! soon] we are undeceiv$ ! bett]2 = ( all deception ! mo/ p]nici\s & deprav+ is t :i* a man practices ^u himself4 ,we c\ld n ev5 accept ! cold apology = pray] :i* 0 made by ,david ,hume1 t x may h a :olesome reflex influ5ce ^u ! m9d ( ! wor%ip]1 & be a good way ( prea*+ to ourselves4#djg ,!re c be no?+ useful or helpful 9 ! belief & practice ( a lie4 ,no accession ( moral =ce or moral purity c come f do+ any ?+ 9 :i* we d n believe4 ,if !re is any moral value & any real helpfulness 9 pray]1 x mu/ be bas$ ^u a rational belief t ! ,div9e m9d is accessible to ! supplication ( 8 creature1 & t ! ,div9e w is mov$ !reby4 ,he t come? to ,god mu/ believe t ,he is1 & t ,he is a rew>d] ( !m t dilig5tly seek ,him4 ,humbly pr(ess+ ?is belief )\t any res]vation1 & reg>d+ x z a p]fectly rational belief1 we proce$ to def5d x aga9/ c]ta9 s-call$ sci5tific objections1 & to consid] c]ta9 difficulties :i* pres5t !mselves to ! m9ds ( sci5tific m54 ,we h said t !re is a real issue betwe5 sci5ce & religion z to ! efficacy ( pray]4 ,! /atem5t is n /rictly correct1 & we am5d x by say+ t ! issue is n betwe5 sci5ce & religion1 b betwe5 c]ta9 m5 :o /udy & tea* sci5ce & c]ta9 m5 :o /udy & tea* religion4 ,=1 z ,mr4 ,murphy obs]ves1 ,! antagonism betwe5 sci5ce & religion !mselves is purely imag9>y4 ,! antagonism betwe5 ! m5 :o /udy & tea* sci5ce & ! m5 :o /udy & tea* religion is un=tunately sometimes real1 ?\gh x is ! fa%ion j n[ to exagg]ate x2 b s f> z x is real x is an accid5t ( ! pres5t "t1 :i* w disappe>1 & inde$ is already visibly disappe>+4#djh ,no man is 9 a position to affirm t !re is an antagonism betwe5 sci5ce & religion until he has fir/ cle>ly det]m9$ ! sph]e & function ( ea*1 & c say di/9ctly :at sci5ce is & :at religion is4 ,he may h utt]ly misconceiv$ ! nature ( religion1 or he may h misappreh5d$ ! function ( sci5ce1 & !re=e ! suppos$ antagonism may be purely imag9>y4 ,= example1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] says1 ,e religion may be def9$ z an priori !ory ( ! univ]se4#dji ,if ?is def9ition 7 correct1 we c\ld easily conceive h[ religion & mod]n sci5ce might come into collision1 because ! t5d5cy ( sci5ce at ! pres5t "t is to occupy itself ) que/ions ( orig9--t is1 ) !ories ( ! orig9 ( ?+s1 in/ead ( be+1 z ,sp5c] def9es x1 a sy/ematic collection ( facts1 asc]ta9$ ) precision1 & s classifi$ & g5]aliz$ z to reveal ! uni=m relations ( co-exi/5ce & succession among ph5om5a1 & ?us give prevision4 ,?is is ! legitimate sph]e ( all t sci5ce :i* c lay any claim to be reg>d$ z exact sci5ce4 ,:5 x transc5ds ?is limit x ceases to be sci5ce & becomes philosophy--a philosophy :i* w be m or less valid & legitimate z x recognizes ! au?ority & submits to ! guidance ( priori ideas ( ! reason4 ,b is ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s def9ition ( religion correct8 ,we ?9k n4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be difficult to give a def9ition ( religion wid] f ! m>k4 ,he might ) j z mu* propriety h said t religion is an priori !ory ( ! orig9 ( language1 ( gov]nm5t1 ( trade1 or ( music4 ,ei!r ,mr4 ,sp5c] mu/ h made ?is def9ition = an unwor?y purpose1 or he mu/ be 9 utt] d>kness z to ! nature ( religion4 ,"o ne$s only to ca/ a ha/y glance ov] ! hi/ory ( anci5t religions1 or to consid] ) an unprejudic$ m9d any ( ! contemporane\s =ms ( religion1 to be conv9c$ t religion is1 & always has be51 a mode ( life det]m9$ by ! s5se ( dep5d5ce ^u a ,supreme ,p[]4#daj ,religion has always be5 a matt] ( practical int]e/ & p]sonal conc]nm5t1 & has no m to d ) !ories ( ! univ]se ?an ) !ories ( light1 or !ories ( electricity1 or !ories ( political economy4 ,! sep>ate sph]es ( religion & sci5ce h be5 admirably def9$ by ,james ,m>t9eau 9 a few words--,sci5ce discloses ! ,me?od ( ! _w b n its cause2 religion or !ology discloses ! ,cause ( ! _w b n its me?od4 ,!re is no conflict betwe5 !m except :5 ei!r =gets its ignorance ( :at ! o!r alone c "k4#daa ,?is is well said1 & directly to ! po9t4 ,religion1 or m prop]ly !ology 7= !ology is ! objective correlate & piety ! subjective correlate ( religion71 tea*es :at ,god is1 :at are 8 attributes1 :at are ! moral & spiritual relations :i* subsi/ betwe5 ,god & man1 & :at are ! duties :i* arise out ( ^! relations4 ,sci5ce tea*es :at nature is1 & :at are ! relations & laws ( natural ph5om5a4 ,sci5ce is ! co-ord9ation ( ph5om5a4 ,"h no conflict c arise4 ,! tru?s :i* are taught by ea* re/ on _! own appropriate evid5ce1 & !y are capable ( v]ification by direct or indirect r$uction to exp]i5ce--! facts ( sci5ce to ext]nal exp]i5ce1 & ! facts ( religion to int]nal exp]i5ce4 ,^! exp]i5ces c n1 9 ! nature ( ! case1 be contradictory1 because religion deals ) "o class ( facts & sci5ce ) ano!r4 ,su* be+ ! case1 ! sci5ti/ may be z c]ta9 ( ! reality ( religion z ( ! reality ( sci5ce--t is1 he may be directly & imm$iately consci\s ( ! same feel+ ( rev]5ce1 ! same s5se ( dep5d5ce1 ! same feel+ ( obligation1 & ! same loyalty ( s\l t[>d ! unse5 ,p[] :i* makes = righte\sness1#dab :i* is exp]i5c$ by ! unsci5tific believ]4 ,?is is frankly av[$ by ,dr4 ,tyndall4 ,he says1 ,! facts ( religi\s feel+ are to me z c]ta9 z ! facts ( physics2 & he ref]s ) evid5t emotion to a p]iod 9 8 e>li] ye>s :5 he priz$ ! consci\s /r5g? & pleasure d]iv$ f moral & religi\s feel+4 ,give me1 he says1 _! heal?1 & !re is no spiritual exp]i5ce ( ^? e>li] ye>s1 no resolve ( duty or "w ( m]cy1 no act ( self-d5ial1 no solemnity ( ?\ght1 no joy 9 ! life & aspect ( nature :i* w\ld n /ill be m9e4#dac ,we d\bt n t !re are ?\s&s ( sci5tific m5 :o to-day might be> ! same te/imony4 ,"h ! "q w sugge/ itself1 ,h[1 !n1 comes x to pass t !re exi/s any antagonism betwe5 ! tea*]s ( sci5ce & ! tea*]s ( religion8 ,we answ]1 ! antagonism has aris5 on t debatable gr\nd :i* lies betwe5 ! two1 :]e speculative ?\ght1 :e!r f ! /&-po9t ( religion or ! /&-po9t ( sci5ce1 seeks to =m def9ite conceptions ( ! relation betwe5 ,god & nature1 to br+ our out] & inn] exp]i5ces into a high] unity ( reason1 & to con/ruct priori !ories ( ! orig9 ( ?+s4 ,we d n presume to say t ^! metaphysical speculations are ei!r futile or improp]4 ,b :at we d insi/ ^u1 & beg ! read] di/9ctly to note1 is t ^! speculations are nei!r sci5tific nor religi\s1 & t nei!r true sci5ce nor true religion is responsible = !m4 ,!y are n religi\s1 ev5 ?\gh indulg$ 9 by !ologians2 because religion is solely conc]n$ ) ! p]sonal consci\sness ( our relation to ,god1 & ! dis*>ge ( our p]sonal duty to ,god1 & n 9 ! remote/ s5se ) any !ory z to ! me?od ( causation 9 ! _w ar\nd u4 ,x is equally c]ta9 t ^! speculations are n sci5tific1 ev5 ?\gh indulg$ 9 by sci5ti/s2 because sci5ce deals only ) ph5om5a1 & ! laws ( ph5om5a2 & x is a fundam5tal canon ( all sci5tific induction t no problem is to be moot$ unless x c be pres5t$ 9 t]ms ( exp]i5ce1 & no pr9ciples are to be admitt$ :i* c n be v]ifi$ by exp]im5t4 ,b ! mod]n speculations respect+ ! orig9 ( motion1 ( life1 & ( m9d c n be pres5t$ 9 t]ms ( s5sible exp]i5ce1 & c n be v]ifi$ by actual exp]im5t4 ,s f> z s5sible exp]i5ce goes1 e case ( physical motion is a trans=mation ( en]gy1 & e new physiological unit or aggregation ( units is d]iv$ f pre-exi/5t bioplasm4 ,& s ,dr4 ,tyndall1 9 ! speculations 9 :i* he indulges1 9 ! n[ celebrat$ ,inaugural ,address deliv]$ at ,belfa/1 p>ticul>ly 9 reg>d to ! orig9 ( life1 admits t he ov]/eps ! b\nd>y ( ! exp]im5tal evid5ce2 !re=e1 by 8 own admission1 ^! speculations are unsci5tific4#dad ,^! discussions are inevitable1 & ev5 valuable4 ,we w\ld prote/ z e>ne/ly z ,dr4 ,tyndall aga9/ ! attempt ( any man to set limits to human ?\ght1 b we w\ld equally prote/ aga9/ ! attempt to pass (f ! results ( speculative ?9k+ 9 any direction z exact sci5ce4 ,true sci5ce is itself di%onor$ & discr$it$ by all su* attempts4 ,we h said t x is solely )9 ! field ( speculative ?\ght t all controv]sy has aris5 conc]n+ ! doctr9e ( special provid5ce & ! efficacy ( pray]4 ,?is w be app>5t f ! consid]ation ( ! fact t f ! dawn ( speculative ?\ght to ! pres5t h\r two radically opposite !ories ( ! orig9 ( ?+s h prevail$--"o me*anical1 ! o!r vital4 ,! vital !ory reg>ds nature z ! product & ! cont9u$ "w ( an ev]-liv+ & ev]-creat+ ,_s1 :o is ! imm$iate f\nta9 ( all =ce1 & ! imman5t life ( all t lives4 ,x looks ^u ! univ]se z ! manife/ation & ! abode ( a ,free ,m9d l our own1 :o realizes 8 ?\ghts 9 its collocations & adju/m5ts1 embodies 8 ideals 9 its typical =ms1 & by 8 free volition subord9ates nature to ! high] purposes ( intellectual & moral life--! =mation ( noble human *>act]s4 ,9 a _w s con/itut$ pray] is a real p[]1 & human "* is a free developm5t ?r\gh ! p[] ( pray] :i* influ5ces t ev]-pres5t ,w t su/a9s our life4 ,! me*anical !ory reg>ds ! _w z a huge ma*9e suppli$ ) motor p[] 9 ! primal act ( creation1 & !n left to make its own hi/ory accord+ to rigid laws ( me*anics & ! multiplication table4 ,!re is no ,p[] :i* makes = righte\sness1 & no purpose ( love m+l+ 9 ! necess>y ord] ( ?+s4 ,evolution is ! only law ( creation2 !re is no?+ spontane\s1 no?+ free4 ,all ! processes ( nature1 all ! =ms ( life1 all ! facts ( consci\sness1 all ! sympa?ies1 sacrifices1 joys1 & sorr[s ( social life1 & all ! noble or ignoble de$s ( hi/ory1 are only me*anical functions :i* c be weigh$ or measur$1 & catalogu$ 9 tables ( /ati/ics4 ,inflexible necessity1 inexorable law1 absolute uni=mity1 unbrok5 cont9uity tell ! /ory ( ! univ]se4 ,9 su* a _w !re is no place = pray]1 or at mo/ x is b ! cry ( angui% wrung f ! lips ( ^? :o are be+ mangl$ & cru%$ by ! pond]\s me*anism1 :i* floats away into ! inf9ite spaces1 & nev] f9ds a liv+ e> or t\*es a compassionate he>t4 ,!n1 z ,dr4 ,h$ge puts ! melan*oly case1 ,we mu/ r\gh x z be/ we c ) driv+-:eel & fly-:eel1 & tru/ t ! p[] may n fail & ! ge>+ f\l 9 our %ort day4 ,?is is ! position ( "s1 b by no means ( ! majority ( ! sci5ti/s ( our "t4 ,we v5ture ! ass]tion t x is no "p ( ! doctr9e ( mod]n sci5ce1 nei!r does x foll[ z a logical consequ5ce f any ( ! accept$ pr9ciples ( mod]n sci5ce1 nor does x reflect ! real feel+ ( ! be/ expon5ts ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,dr4 ,tyndall /&s z "o ( ! mo/ popul> expon5ts ( sci5tific k1 & may be reg>d$ z a fair repres5tative ( ! feel+s ( _m sci5tific m54 ,& 9 8 e/imation ! problem ( problems ( our day is to f9d a legitimate satisfaction = ! religi\s emotions4 ,he admits t ^! religi\s emotions are inexpugnable facts ( human nature1 z c]ta9 & z inconte/able z ! facts ( physics4 ,n[ :at is meant by a legitimate satisfaction ( ! religi\s emotions8 ,does x n mean t human rev]5ce mu/ h a real & a wor?y ,object8 t = human duty !re mu/ be an imp]ative gr\nd ( obligation8 t = true loyalty ( s\l to tru? & "r !re mu/ be an et]nal reason8 & t ! in/9ctive tru/ ( ! s\l 9 ev]la/+ righte\sness & ev]la/+ love mu/ h a rational v9dication8 ,:]e %all we look = ?is object8 ,may we look upw>d & onw>d1 or h we no?+ to d b yield to ! pressure f beh9d & bel[8 ,:at conception are we to =m ( t my/]i\s ,p[] or ,pr9ciple :i* /&s 9 necess>y correlation ) ! religi\s nature ( man8 ,dr4 ,tyndall p]mits u to fa%ion ?is conception z we w--) t he has no?+ to d2 only he dem&s t 9 do+ s we obs]ve two conditions3 #a4 ,be c>eful t y\r conception is n an unwor?y "o2 inve/ x ) y\r highe/ & holie/ ?\ghts4 #b4 ,all[ no intrusion ( purely creative p[] into any s]ies ( ph5om5a1 no arbitr>y int]f]5ce ) ! ord] ( nature = special purposes4 ,! fir/ condition w\ld be violat$ by our conceiv+ t ,p[] z purely me*anical1 = !n ! sublime/ int]e/s ( our moral & spiritual life w\ld be surr5d]$ to ! action ( ! same =ce z t :i* draws a /one to ! e>?4 ,! conception ( unconsci\s & unmoral =ce is n our highe/ & holie/ ?\ght--x c n inspire rev]5ce & loyalty & love4 ,! second condition w\ld be violat$ by our reg>d+ t ,p[] z arbitr>y--t is1 z foll[+ no law2 = t w\ld be oppos$ to all ! inductions ( mod]n sci5ce1 & w\ld invalidate all conclusions bas$ on ! assum$ p]man5ce ( natural laws4 ,! problem1 !n1 is to /e] betwe5 ! ,scylla & ,*>ybdis ( me*anism & arbitr>9ess1 & f9d ! op5 sea :]e fre$om may move 9 h>mony ) law1 & :]e1 9 ! gr& hi]>*y ( laws ! physical ord] ( ! _w may be co-ord9at$ )1 p]haps subord9at$ to1 ! high] reign ( righte\sness & love4 ,! solution ( ?is problem c only be rea*$ ?r\gh ! discussion ( ! foll[+ que/ions3 #a4 ,:at are ! facts ( religi\s feel+ involv$ 9 ?is problem1 & :at are ! necess>y correlatives ( ^! facts8 #b4 ,:at are ! facts conc]n+ ! ord] ( nature involv$ 9 ! problem1 & :at are ! logical inf]5ces f ^! facts8 #c4 ,h[ c ! conception ( ! ,=ce :i* is manife/$ 9 ! ph5om5a ( nature be br\ght into h>mony ) ! idea ( ,god z reveal$ 9 ! religi\s consci\sness8 #a4 ,fir/1 !n1 :at are ! facts ( religi\s feel+ :i* z exp]i5ces ( consci\sness are p]fectly beyond ! assaults ( logic1 & :at are ! necess>y correlatives ( ^! facts8 ,we pres5t fir/ ( all ! inconte/able fact t pray] is natural to man4 ,l our in/9ctive belief 9 ! be+ ( ,god1 ! acc\ntability ( man1 & ! immortality ( ! s\l1 we h also an in/9ctive prompt+ to pray1 & an in/9ctive belief 9 ! efficacy ( pray]4 ,?is is an ess5tially human *>act]i/ic2 x is common to all m54 ,man has be5 def9$ 9 _m ways1 z a rational animal1 a social animal1 a tool-us+ animal1 a language-speak+ animal2 ) m ju/ice may he be call$ a pray+ animal1 = pray] is a univ]sal *>act]i/ic & fundam5tal diff]5tia ( man4 ,nev] has ! travel] yet f\nd a p :i* did n pray4 ,tribes ( m5 h be5 f\nd )\t h\ses1 )\t raim5t1 )\t lett]s1 )\t sci5ce1 b nev] )\t pray] any m ?an )\t spee*4 ,?is 0 rem>k$ by ,plut>* eighte5 c5turies ago1#dae & ! rese>*es & explorations ( mod]n travel]s & e?nologi/s h add$ confirmation to its tru?4 ,! fl[ ( pray] f human lips is j z natural z ! fl[ ( spee*4 ,is man 9 dang] or 9 sorr[1 8 mo/ natural & spontane\s refuge is 9 pray]4 ,! suff]+1 bewild]$1 t]ror-/rick5 s\l t kn[s n :]e to fly1 flies to ,god4 ,!re are few m51 probably no m51 :o 9 mom5ts ( extreme p]il or int5se angui% c resi/ ! impulse to pray4 ,nature is /rong] ?an all our logic2 &1 sci5ce or no sci5ce1 ! cry = help w rise f ! lips ( ev5 skeptical m54#daf ,we ask t ^! facts may be fully consid]$ & fairly e/imat$4 ,! in/9ctive t5d5cy to pray is a univ]sal fact ( human nature1 z valid & z significant z any fact 9 physics4 ,x pres5ts z rightful a claim to be tak5 acc\nt ( 9 our !ories ( ! ultimate con/itution ( ! univ]se z ! ,fir/ ,law ( ,motion or ! ,cons]vation ( ,en]gy4 ,if we disreg>d x1 our ,sy/ema ,mundi w be "o-sid$ & p>tial1 &1 in/ead ( be+ a philosophy1 w be only a c>icature4 ,we d n claim t ! pres5ce 9 man ( ?is in/9ctive t5d5cy to pray proves ! efficacy ( pray]--t is1 proves ! exi/5ce ( a liv+ ,god & ,fa!r :o he>s & answ]s pray]4 ,b x does e/abli% a /rong presumption 9 favor ( ! doctr9e2 = h[ comes x to pass t ! s5tim5t is s p]5nial & s univ]sal8 ,ei!r x 0 orig9ally implant$ 9 ! s\l ( man by ! ,creator1 or !re exi/s some?+ 9 ! con/itution ( nature--! relation betwe5 ! organism & its environm5t--:i* det]m9es ?is feel+ 9 man1 & 9 ei!r case x mu/ be reg>d$ z normal1 & z ess5tial to humanity4 ,if nature tea*es u to pray1 &1 z x 71 compels u to pray1 !n we are ju/ifi$ 9 ! assumption t !re is no?+ 9 ! ultimate con/itution ( nature :i* c contradict h] own ord9ances & r5d] pray] an absurdity4 ,! next fact to :i* we desire to direct att5tion is t pray] is an ess5tial elem5t ( life--we d n mean physical life1 b t :i* gives significance & value & complet5ess to human exi/5ce--namely1 e?ical & spiritual life4 ,t religion is deeply seat$ 9 ! nature ( man1 &1 9 fact1 in]adicable1 is conc$$ by ,dr4 ,tyndall4 ,no a!i/ical reason+1 he says1 c dislodge religion f ! he>t ( man4 ,logic c n deprive u ( life1 & religion is life to ! religi\s4 ,z an exp]i5ce ( consci\sness1 x is p]fectly beyond ! assaults ( logic4#dag ,?is g5]al admission t man has a religi\s nature1 a religi\s consci\sness1 is important4 ,! be>+ ( ?is ^u our argum5t w be obvi\s :5 we h consid]$ m p>ticul>ly ! nature & cont5t ( ?is religi\s consci\sness4 ,9 :at does x consi/8 ,into :at elem5ts is x resolvable by psy*ological analysis8 ,we answ]1 religi\s consci\sness is a consci\sness condition$ by ! idea ( ,god1 & involves a s5se ( dep5d5ce2 a feel+ ( rev]5ce2 a s5se ( obligation2 a s5tim5t ( loyalty2 a consci\s community ( nature2 & a long+ = a deep] fell[%ip ) ! ,div9e4 ,e ?+ ar\nd u & e ?+ )9 u makes u consci\s ( limitation & dep5d5ce4 ,we "k t our own exi/5ce is n self-orig9at$ or self-su/a9$4 ,we h ! s5se ( an imman5t all-p]vad+ ,life :i* su/a9s & conditions our life4 ,we h ! s5tim5t ( an ov]%ad[+ ,p[] & ,pres5ce :i* compasses u beh9d & be=e1 & lays its h& ^u u1 & we are con/ra9$ to b[ 9 rev]5ce & awe be=e t ,p[] :i* controls our de/9y4 ,) ! s5se ( dep5d5ce is associat$ ! feel+ ( obligation to con=m our conduct to ! w ( ?is ,supreme ,be+1 & to subord9ate ! rul+ purpose ( our life to ! ,div9e purpose ( creation s f> z t purpose c be kn[n4 ,!re is also m or less loyalty ( s\l to :at is j & true1 a natural & con/itutional sympa?y ( reason ) ! law ( ,god--x delights 9 t law1 & cons5ts t x is good4 ,f9ally1 !re is ! consci\sness ( "s community ( nature betwe5 ,god & man1 & "s liv+ susceptibility to ! influ5ces & inspirations ( ! high] _w :i* au?orizes ! belief t !re may be a communion ( ?\ght1 a relation ( consci5ce1 & an approa* ( affection betwe5 ! ,div9e & human t %all purify & elevate our nature1 & lift u up into a resemblance to ,god4 ,! be>+ ( all t we h j said on ! necessity ( pray] w h already sugge/$ itself to ! read]4 ,! feel+ ( dep5d5ce1 ! s5se ( feebl5ess w prompt man to pray4 ,man is n suffici5t = himself4 ,he is n fit to be 8 own all 9 all4 ,he has n res\rces )9 himself to supply 8 own spiritual wants4 ,he ne$s "s ext]nal succor1 "s support to ! w1 "s inspiration f )\t4 ,& he c become a /rong man & a noble man only by aspir+ & /riv+ aft] some?+ beyond & above himself-- ,unless above himself he c ,erect himself1 h[ mean a ?+ is man6 ,:5 8 affections & c>es & ?\ghts all c5tre ^u himself1 8 s\l %rivels d[n to a dre>y selfi%ness1 & becomes a dry microscopic po9t1 or else a mass ( putrid s5suality4 ,man ne$s a l(ty object above himself1 aft] :i* he may aspire & ^u :i* he may lay hold & lift himself into a nobl] =m ( life4 ,t l(ty object is ! ideal ( a p]fect1 noble human "*4 ,! =mation ( noble human "*1 says ,mr4 ,murphy1 is ! highe/ "w t man or1 s f> z we "k1 t ,god c be engag$ 94#dah ,! ?\ghtful m9d recognizes t !re is a purpose to be fulfill$ 9 life :i* is nobl] ?an m]e enjoym5t4 ,:o has d>$ to say t our highe/ duty is to be happy8 ,b e "o mu/ feel t x is our highe/ duty to =m a nobl] "* & let ! happ9ess take c>e ( itself4 ,& n[ is x n a fact ( exp]i5ce t ! m a man /rives aft] a pure & noble life1 ! m does he become consci\s ( ! ne$ ( sup]human /r5g? & grace8 ,he f9ds t he has to wage an uncompromis+1 sometimes ev5 agoniz+ w>f>e aga9/ h]$it>y ta9ts ( blood1 aga9/ morbid in/9cts & l[ passions1 aga9/ inh]5t selfi%ness & meanness1 aga9/ tyrant habits eng5d]$ 9 ! recklessness ( y\?1 aga9/ ! temptations ( design+ m5 & ab&on$ wom51 & ! false s5tim5t1 despotic op9ion1 & arbitr>y cu/oms ( mod]n fa%ionable society4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ^! giants ( evil ) _! fett]s ( iron he /&s appall$1 & aga9/ himself1 aga9/ 8 temptations & s9s1 ev5 aga9/ society itself1 he feels he mu/ call ^u ,god = help4 ,?r\gh ,div9e /r5g? he may conqu]2 )\t x--nev]4 ,!re are ^? :o hope to conqu] evil ?r\gh a c]ta9 inh]5t =ce ( nature1 or a c]ta9 self-caus$ & self-atta9$ culture4 ,we d n d>e to say t !y w utt]ly fail1 or t :at !y a*ieve is utt]ly valueless4 ,b we d say t ! "* !y develop is n ! highe/ /yle ( excell5ce4 ,!re is 9 x a boldness bord]+ on audacity1 a self-suffici5cy ak9 to haught9ess1 & an arbitr>9ess :i* is repulsive4 ,! v basis ( a noble "*1 ! v ess5ce ( t prophetic p[] :i* has ex]t$ ! mightie/ influ5ce on ! de/9ies ( man1 is humility4 ,! l(tie/ & f9e/ m9ds h be5 em95tly tru/ful--m5 ( h]oic confid5ce :o d]iv$ _! inspiration & confess$ _! dep5d5ce on ! light & /r5g? :i* come f above4 ,^! are ! m5 :o really %ape ! hi/ory ( ! _w1#dai ^! are ! m5 :o comm& ! e/eem & w9 ! rev]5ce ev5 ( unbeliev]s4 ,we c n illu/rate ?is po9t bett] ?an by quot+ ! words ( ,dr4 ,tyndall 9 reg>d to ,mi*ael ,f>aday4 ,f>aday1 x is well kn[n1 0 "o ( ! greate/ ( mod]n sci5ti/s--x ought also to be z widely kn[n t he 0 a dev\t ,*ri/ian4 ,tyndall d9$ ) ,f>aday1 & on t occasion ,f>aday said grace4 ,tyndall writes3 ,i am almo/ a%am$ to call 8 pray] a 'say+' ( grace4 ,9 ! language ( ,scripture1 x might be describ$ z ! petition ( a son into ^: he>t ,god _h s5t ! ,_s ( 8 ,son1 & :o1 ) absolute tru/1 ask$ a bless+ f 8 fa!r4 ,we d9$ on roa/ beef1 ,york%ire pudd+1 & potatoes2 drank %]ry1 talk$ ( rese>* & its requirem5ts1 & ( 8 habit ( keep+ himself free f ! di/ractions ( society4 ,he 0 bright & joyful--boylike1 9 fact--?\gh he is n[ sixty-two4 ,8 "w excites my admiration1 b contact ) him w>ms my he>t4 ,"h surely is a /rong man4 ,i love /r5g?1 b let me n =get ! example ( its union ) mode/y1 t5d]ness1 & sweetness 9 ! "* ( ,f>aday4#dbj ,?is1 !n1 is ! po9t we desire to emphasize4 ,x is a fact ( exp]i5ce t pray] c give calmness1 purity1 & /r5g? ( s\l4 ,x c light5 p]plexity & sorr[4 ,x c emp[] u to resi/ temptation1 & enable u to ov]come s94 ,x c give mode/y1 t5d]ness1 & sweetness to "*4 ,9 a ^w1 x c aid u mat]ially 9 ! =mation ( a noble human "*4 ,noble "* c only be =m$ "u two conditions4 ,fir/1 x c only be =m$ "u ! condition ( fre$om4 ,! unfree is ! unmoral4#dba ,!re c be no dignity & no moral wor? 9 action :i* results f m]e me*anical =ce4 ,p]sonality alone has responsibility1 dignity1 & wor?4 ,if1 !n1 moral p]sonality has true fre$om & self-det]m9ation1 we are free to pray1 & ,god is free to answ] pray]4 ,we may believe t ! physical _w is held 9 iron b&s ( necess>y causation1 b we c n believe t ! moral _w is s b\nd4 ,! human w is free1 & ! ,div9e w is free4 ,! ,fir/ ,cause1 says ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 includes )9 itself all p[]--!re=e alt]native p[]--& transc5ds all law--!re=e x c n be necessitat$4 ,we c n d\bt t ,mr4 ,tyndall w\ld freely accord ?is position4 ,he might hesitate1 he w\ld unque/ionably refuse to unite 9 pray] = ra91 = example1 because he holds t ! fall ( ra9 is gov]n$ by *angeless physical laws1 & no act ( humiliation1 individual or national1 c\ld call "o %[] f heav52 ?is w\ld be a miracle1 & ! age ( miracles is pa/4#dbb ,b we d n see h[ he c\ld refuse to unite 9 ! pray]s ( ! ,national ,*ur* = ! =giv5ess ( s9s1 = /r5g? to ov]come s91 = =titude to endure1 & = consolation "u ! afflictions & sorr[s incid5t to human life4 ,! second condition necess>y to ! developm5t ( noble "* is t man %all be capable ( receiv+ inspiration f ! great s\rce ( all life1 especially ( all spiritual life4 ,! univ]sal belief ( our race t !re is a community ( nature betwe5 ,god & man1 express$ alike 9 ! words ( ,aratus1 ! ,asiatic poet1 ,clean!s1 ! ,/oic philosoph]1 & ,paul1 ! ,*ri/ian tea*]--,we are ! (fspr+ ( ,god--ju/ifies ! fur!r expectation & hope t !re may be a real communion betwe5 ! human & ! ,div9e4 ,( c\rse ?is is fundam5tally a "q betwe5 ,!ism & ,a!ism1 betwe5 a ,god & no ,god1 betwe5 a consci\s ,be+ & an unconsci\s ,=ce4 ,if !re is a p]sonal ,god1 !n ,he may communicate ) our s\ls :i* dwell1 z x 71 )9 ! ocean ( 8 imm5sity1 & are surr\nd$ & int]p5etrat$ by 8 liv+ pres5ce4 ,!n !re may be a real sympa?y1 a lov+ fell[%ip1 & a sanctify+ communion4 ,ev5 %\ld sci5ce =bid ! ,au?or ( nature to int]pose 9 ! slighte/ degree 9 ! procession ( ph5om5a or modify 9 ! lea/ ! action ( ! s-call$ natural =ces1 surely x w n be s audaci\s#dbc z to =bid t ,he %all come ne> to human s\ls1 & int]pose 9 ! moral ord] ( ! _w to deliv] man f s9 & purify & elevate human society4 ,"h at any rate sci5ce is out ( its place4 ,x is guilty ( t v presumption ) :i* x is ev]more *>g+ ! !ology ( ! ,middle ,ages1 viz41 ! attempt to monopolize ! :ole field ( human k & exp]i5ce4 ,if ! good man does feel t ,god is ) him & 9 him1 if he kn[s by exp]i5ce t pray] is an act ( ,div9e communion--t x op5s to him an unfail+ f\nta9 ( refre%m5t1 solace1 & /r5g?2 if he is consci\s t x does lift him up to a l>g] & m bless$ life1 !n ev5 sci5ce1 :i* boa/s its rigid adh]5ce to ! inductive me?od1 & its unsw]v+ loyalty to fact & exp]i5ce1 mu/ obey ! ,div9e injunction--,be /ill1 & "k t ,i am ,god4 ,i dwell ) him t is ( a contrite & humble _s1 to revive ! _s ( ! humble1 & to revive ! he>t ( ! contrite4 #b4 ,we come n[ to ! consid]ation ( ! second "q1 ,:at are ! facts conc]n+ ! ord] ( nature :i* h be5 plac$ beyond controv]sy by ! inductions ( sci5ce1 & :at are ! logical inf]5ces f ^! facts8 ,! facts conc]n+ ! ord] ( nature :i* x is claim$ are plac$ beyond controv]sy may be /at$ 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,n[ ( all ! results ( sci5ce1 none is m univ]sal & m emphatic ?an ?is3 t !re is no arbitr>9ess 9 ! s]ies ( ev5ts :i* con/itute our exp]i5ce2 b t a p]fect ord] or uni=mity prevails ?r\gh !m all1 an ord] :i* our intellect c appreh5d "u ! =m ( cause & effect1 or p]man5t =ce & necess>y ph5om5a1 or1 bett]1 a con/ant p]si/5cy ( am\nt bo? ( matt] & =ce 9 ! univ]se4#dbd ,?is /atem5t ( ! sci5ti/ is accept$ by _m !ologians 7( ! ,calv9i/ic s*ool71 :o say ) ,rev4 ,william ,knight1 ,! doctr9e ( ! p]si/5ce ( physical =ce & ! inv>iability ( natural law1 is a physical tru? ( :i* ! !ological phase or coroll>y is ! uni=mity ( ,div9e op]ation & ! inviolabl5ess ( ,div9e love4 ',! p]man5ce ( ! ord] ( nature' is ! sci5tific equival5t ( ! ,div9e con/ancy--'! same ye/]day1 to-day1 & =ev]4'#dbe ,h[ f> & 9 :at s5se we accept ?is doctr9e w be se5 z we advance 9 ! discussion4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt] we rem>k$ t if ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! efficacy ( pray] is disput$1 :e!r on !oretical or exp]i5tial gr\nds1 an adequate & complete def5se c only be made by fall+ back ^u ! fundam5tal conception ( ,god1 & ! relation ( ,god to nature & humanity pres5t$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s ( ?is volume4 ,is !re a ,god 9 ! prop] & commonly accept$ s5se ( ! t]m--a consci\s1 free1 p]sonal ,fir/ ,cause1 ! ,creator ( ! _w & man8 ,is ,he ! imman5t ,cons]vator ( ! univ]se--is 8 omnipot5ce ! =ce1 8 reason ! law1 & 8 omnipres5ce ! life ( all nature8 ,^! are ! que/ions :i* mu/ be settl$ be=e we c successfully deal ) ! problem ( ! efficacy ( pray]4 ,if we are n agre$ on ^! po9ts1 ! debate mu/ be adj\rn$ until we h settl$ ! fir/ pr9ciples :i* und]lie ! discussion4 ,?is w be obvi\s to all :o are acqua9t$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! controv]sy4 ,if x c be prov$ t !re is no consci\s1 free1 p]sonal ,god1 ! creator & cons]vator ( ! univ]se1 ! "q is settl$2 !n pray] c be ( no avail1 & mu/ be ab&on$ to ! doma9 ( recogniz$ sup]/itions4 ,b if x be admitt$ t !re is a ,god1 9 ! prop] import ( t t]m1 !n ! "q may be debat$ :e!r ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! efficacy ( pray] is consi/5t ) ! sci5tific conception ( mat]ial nature z ! liv+ g>m5t ( ,god4#dbf ,dr4 ,tyndall is ! faire/ & able/ repres5tative ( t class ( sci5tific m5 :o to-day are d5y+ ! efficacy ( pray]--t is1 ( su* pray] ! answ] to :i* w\ld seem to involve ! int]f]5ce ( p]sonal volition 9 ! economy ( nature2 & he believes 9 ! exi/5ce ( a ,god4 ,he has aga9 & aga9 repell$ ) feel+ ! imputation ( a!ism :i* ! ,engli% !ologians h inconsid]ately & unfairly ca/ ^u him4 ,he is a frank1 outspok5 man1 & he admits t 9 8 h\rs ( weakness & d\bt he has temptations to mat]ial a!ism4 ,b1 he says1 ,i h notic$ t x is n 9 h\rs ( cle>ness & vigor t ?is doctr9e comm5ds itself to my m9d1 & t 9 pres5ce ( /rong] & heal?i] ?\ghts x ev] disappe>s z (f]+ no solution ( ! my/]y 9 :i* we dwell & ( :i* we =m a "p4#dbg ,he also expresses 8 conviction t ! ,p[] :i* works = righte\sness is intellig5t z well z e?ical4#dbh ,& fur!rmore he ass]ts t x is no dep>ture f sci5tific me?od to place beh9d natural ph5om5a a univ]sal ,fa!r :o1 9 answ] to ! pray]s ( 8 *ildr51 alt]s ! curr5ts ( ^? ph5om5a4 ,?us f> !ology & sci5ce g h& 9 h&4#dbi ,let x1 !n1 be di/9ctly rememb]$ t we are argu+ ) m5 :o believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,9 an article :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review = ,augu/1 #ahgb1 entitl$ ,/ati/ical ,inquiries into ! ,efficacy ( ,pray]1 by ,francis ,galton1 a species ( gu]rilla w>f>e is op5$ on ?is doctr9e f ! /&-po9t ( exp]i5ce4 ,mr4 ,galton assumes t ! efficacy ( pray] is a p]fectly appropriate & legitimate subject ( sci5tific inquiry4 ,x mu/ be assum$ to be subject to unv>y+ laws1 &1 l all physical problems1 may be br\ght to ! te/ ( rigid ma!matics4 ,by ! m>%al+ ( v incomplete & p>tial /ati/ics1 drawn *iefly f ,*alm]s's ,biographical ,diction>y1 he endeavors to %[ t pray+ m51 especially cl]gym51 are no heal?i]1 recov] f sickness no bett]1 & d n live any long] ?an ! m5 :o d n pray4 ,insurance companies make no di/9ction betwe5 ! pray]ful & ! pray]less2 !y reg>d !m z equal risks4 ,fur!rmore1 pray+ m5 d n make any bett] /atesm51 any m successful m5 ( bus9ess1 or any bett] physicians & lawy]s ?an pray]less m54 ,on ! contr>y1 x is a common week-day op9ion ( ! _w t pray+ m5 are n practical4 ,f9ally1 ! *ildr5 ( pray+ p>5ts are no bett] end[$ intellectually1 & d n turn out any bett] morally ?an ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,8 g5tle impea*m5t is t !y are some:at bel[ ! common av]age4 ,by ?is sci5tific me?od1 z he is pleas$ to call x1 ! writ] flatt]s himself t he has r\t$ ! army ( believ]s 9 ! efficacy ( pray]1 & t ! practice ( pray] w soon become obsolete2 j z ! ,wat] ( ,jeal\sy & ! ,urim & ,?ummm9 ( ! ,mosaic law did 9 ! times ( ! lat] ,jewi% k+s4 ,b ,mr4 ,galton's fusillade did n produce ! effect he expect$4 ,true1 x made "s noise1 & = a brief season comm&$ att5tion2 b x 0 soon discov]$ to be a m]e dis*>ge ( rhetorical blank-c>tridge :i* hit no?+4 ,8 p>ade ( argum5t 0 f\nd to be utt]ly inconsequ5tial4 ,! dulle/ m9d c\ld p]ceive t ! attempt to solve moral problems by /ati/ical av]ages 0 a practical folly1 because x began by unc]emoni\sly assum+ ! v po9t x ought to prove1 namely1 t ! det]m9ations ( w1 :e!r ,div9e or human1 are gov]n$ by necess>y laws z surely z ! revolution ( planets & ! vibration ( molecules4 ,x is precisely because p]sonal acts are n r$ucible to any fix$ laws1 or capable ( repres5tation by any num]ical calculations1 t /ati/ical av]ages acquire any value z sub/itutes4 ,no "o dreams ( apply+ /ati/ical av]ages to calculate ! p]iod ( ! e>?'s rotation1 by %[+ t f\r & tw5ty h\rs is ! exact m$ium ( "t1 comp>+ "o mon?'s or "o ye>'s revolutions ) ano!r's4 ,x is only :]e ! individual movem5ts are irregul> t x is necess>y to aim at a proximate regul>ity by calculat+ 9 masses4#dcj ,! comp>ison ( l>ge av]ages may approa* equality & furni% a basis ( probability z to ! future1 b ! cont+5cy ( ea* individual case rema9s /ill a cont+5cy4 ,9 no dep>tm5t ( human inquiry is !re s mu* temptation & s mu* opportunity = plausible sophi/ry z 9 ! n[ some:at popul> application ( /ati/ics to e?ological problems4 ,by a skillful manipulation ( figures1 ,mr4 ,buckle#dca flatt]s himself t he has made x app>5t t individual felons only c>ry into effect ! necess>y consequ5ces ( prec$+ circum/ances2 t m>riages are regulat$ by ! price ( :eat2 & t ! numb] ( suicides is det]m9$ by ! rise & fall ( ! b>omet]2 9 a ^w1 t ! :ole ( man's social & moral life is "p & p>cel ( nature1 & subject to ! same necess>y me*anical laws4 ,! logic ( /ati/ics1 or r ! sophi/ry ( /ati/ics by :i* ,mr4 ,galton proves ! uselessness ( pray]1 w\ld1 if skillfully manag$1 be equally efficaci\s 9 prov+ t sobriety & integrity1 honor & hone/y1 are unpr(itable & useless virtues--at lea/ s f> z ?is life is conc]n$2 & we might say ( ea* ( !m :at ,%akespe>e's ,murd]] says ( consci5ce3 ,x fills "o full ( ob/acles4444 ,x begg>s any man t keeps x4 ,x is turn$ out ( all t[ns & cities = a dang]\s ?+2 & e man t means to live well endeavors to tru/ himself1 & live )\t x4 ,di%one/ m5 are z heal?y1 recov] z well f sickness1 & live z long z hone/ m54 ,wick$ m5 prosp] 9 ! _w1 !y succe$ 9 bus9ess & increase 9 ri*es bett]1 x may be1 ?an good & godly m54 ,di%onorable & unpr9cipl$ politicians climb into place & p[] ) m facility ?an m5 ( honor & integrity4 ,di/+ui%$ lawy]s & skillful physicians h n be5 /rictly temp]ate2 & /ati/ical tables may be easily produc$ :i* %[ t ! longe/-liv$ m5 h be5 su* z did n g to b$ sob] = ! la/ fifty ye>s ( _! lives4 ,!re=e sobriety1 hone/y1 integrity1 v]acity are n pr(itable virtues1 &1 weigh$ 9 ! same scales & by ! same /&>ds z are us$ by ,mr4 ,galton to te/ ! weight & wor? ( pray]1 !y are practically valueless & d n pay4 ,simultane\s ) ,mr4 ,galton's article1 !re appe>$ a communication 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review entitl$ ,! ,pray] = ! ,sick3 ,h9ts t[>d a s]i\s attempt to e/imate its value1 ) ! indorsem5t ( ,dr4 ,tyndall4 ,! proposal conta9$ 9 ?is communication came to be g5]ally kn[n 9 newspap] slang z ,tyndall's ,pray]-gauge1 ?\gh ,tyndall 0 n its au?or4 ,! proposition 0 t ,"o s+le w>d or hospital "u ! c>e ( fir/-rate physicians or surgeons1 conta9+ a numb] ( pati5ts afflict$ ) ^? diseases :i* h be5 be/ /udi$1 & ( :i* ! mortality rates are be/ kn[n1 %\ld be1 dur+ a p]iod ( n less ?an ?ree to five ye>s1 made ! subject ( special pray] by ! :ole body ( ! fai?ful1 & t at ! end ( t p]iod ! mortality rates %\ld be comp>$ ) ! pa/ rates1 & also ) ^? ( o!r lead+ hospitals simil>ly well manag$ dur+ ! same p]iods4 ,?is exp]im5t1 ! writ] ?9ks1 (f]s to ! fai?ful an occasion ( demon/rat+ to ! fai?less an imp]i%able record ( ! p[] ( pray]4 ,!re 0 a tone ( mod]ation & c&or 9 ?is proposition :i* = a mom5t beguil$ ! popul> m9d1 & !re 7 ,*ri/ian m9i/]s s injudici\s z to admit t ! proposal %\ld be ent]ta9$ & ! exp]im5t tri$4 ,b its sup]ficial fairness 0 delusive1 & its plausibility conceal$ a sn>e4 ,! writ] mu/ h be5 suffici5tly conv]sant ) ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e conc]n+ pray] to "k t ! acceptance ( 8 *all5ge w\ld be a !ological blund]2 = !re are no unconditional assurances 9 ! ,^w ( ,god t pray]s = heal? & long life %all always be answ]$4 ,we presume also t he mu/ h be5 suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) m$ical sci5ce to p]ceive t ! acceptance ( 8 *all5ge w\ld be a sci5tific blund]1 = !re are elem5ts 9 ! problem :i* c n be sci5tifically appreciat$1 measur$1 & record$4 ,su*1 = example1 are ! temp]am5t1 idiosyncrasy1 h]$it>y dia!sis1 previ\s habits ( life1 & m5tal *>act]i/ics ( ! pati5ts2 su* ! v>iety 9 skill1 c>e1 sympa?y1 & almo/ inspiration among physicians & nurses2 su* also ! diff]5ces ( climatal1 sanit>y1 & hospital conditions2 all ^! elem5ts1 ^: v>i$ degrees ( pot5cy are incapable ( be+ e/imat$1 ent] into ! problem & affect ! results4 ,! multiplicity & complexity ( ^! elem5ts r5d] ! effects z irregul>ly v>iable z if ea* cause _h n be5 subject to any previ\s conditions4#dcb ,! problem is n ev5 capable ( be+ sci5tifically pres5t$ 9 t]ms ( exp]i5ce1 & until t is done x c n be subject$ to exp]im5t4 ,suppose ! exp]im5t to be tri$ 9 ! mann] propos$ by ! writ]1 & ! mortality rates to be 9 favor ( ! hospital = :i* pray] _h be5 (f]$1 x w\ld /ill be op5 = ! sci5tific skeptic to affirm t ! causes ( ! diff]5ce are to be f\nd 9 ^? elem5ts ^: v>y+ values _h n be5 enum]at$ 9 ! /atem5t ( ! problem1 & n 9 any ,div9e int]position 9 answ] to pray]4#dcc ,he might claim t ! pati5ts 7 n all ( ! same age or temp]am5t1 ! physicians 7 n all ( equal skill1 ! nurses 7 n all alike att5tive1 ! climatal & sanit>y conditions 7 n equal1 & ! "q w\ld be left 9 precisely ! same condition z be=e4 ,:atev] may be ! aw>d ( a ?\ghtless d]ision1 we d n hesitate 9 say+ t ! proposition is an improp] "o1 & c n be ent]ta9$4 ,especially because !re is "o p>ty conc]n$ 9 ?is matt] = :om no human be+ is au?oriz$ to make any engagem5ts1 & t is ! ,he>] & ,answ]] ( ,pray]4 ,!re is only "o class ( bless+s = :i* ,he has giv5 u any w>rant to pray unconditionally1 & ^! are spiritual bless+s4 ,= /r5g? to resi/ temptation1 to endure affliction1 & p]=m well our appo9t$ "w 9 life2 = grace to purify our nature1 elevate our aims1 conqu] our selfi%ness & pride1 & help u to =m a noble "*1 ,god has au?oriz$ & comm&$ u to pray4 ,b = ! bless+s ( ?is life1 = deliv]ance f dang] & suff]+1 = re/oration f sickness & = long life1 we are taught to pray 9 submission to t highe/ wisdom :i* kn[s :at is be/ = u1 & to app5d to e supplication1 h[ev] ard5t our desire & int5se our solicitude1 ,nev]!less1 n z ,i w1 b z ,?\ wilt4 ,?is submission is ! l(tie/ attitude ( pray]4 ,at ! same "t we %r9k n f ! di/9ct av[al ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e t x is reasonable & prop] to (f] pray] = recov]y f sickness1 & t su* pray]1 (f]$ 9 submission to ! ,div9e w1 may be answ]$4 ,we are n a%am$ ( ! good old fai?--! ,ab]glaube1 or sup]/ition1 z "s are pleas$ to call x--t ! pray] ( fai? %all save ! sick4 ,! calmness & s]5ity ( m9d :i* ! pray] ( fai? supplies is favorable to recov]y4 ,9 fact1 z ! sy/ematic excitation ( a def9ite expectation & hope1 x has a legitimate place 9 psy*o-!rapeutics1 z ,feu*t]sleb5 has %[n1 & ev5 z ,dr4 ,tuke conc$es 9 8 "w on ! ,influ5ce ( ! ,m9d on ! ,body4#dcd ,?is def9ite expectation & hope is n a m]e illusion4 ,we h ! assurance ( ,scripture t !re is a ,div9e bless+ :i* give? wisdom to ! wise & k to m5 ( und]/&+1 & :i* may desc5d ^u ! head & ! he>t ( ! mo/ skillful physician 9 answ] to pray]4 ,fur!rmore1 x is g5]ally admitt$ by m$ical m5 t z 9 heal? c]ta9 m5tal /ates may induce disease1 s 9 disease c]ta9 m5tal /ates may re/ore heal?4#dce ,n[ ^! m5tal /ates may be ! subject ( ,div9e influ5ce4 ,sci5ce has n d>$ to %ut out ! ,_s ( ,god f ! realm ( m9d1 & !re=e re/oration to heal? may be giv51 9 ?is mann] at lea/1 9 answ] to pray]4 ,b no man w\ld propose to make ! preval5ce ( su* pray] ! subject ( /ati/ical av]ages4 ,pray] = ! sick c n always result 9 _! recov]y1 = !n !y w\ld nev] die4 ,our lives are 9 ! h&s ( ,god1 & we %all live until our "w is done1 or until we h cle>ly %[n t we w n d our "w1 & our life is a failure & a defeat4 ,f9ally1 9 ! "n ( our holy religion1 we repel ) scorn ! attempt ( c]ta9 sci5ti/s to te/ ! value ( pray]1 & ) x also ! value ( a life ( self-d5ial1 purity1 & piety1 by m]ely temporal1 secul>1 & visible results :i* may be weigh$ & measur$ & set d[n 9 /ati/ical tables4 ,*ri/ianity tea*es t ! pres5t life is a probation>y sc5e4 ,x is a /ate ( trial & discipl9e ) a view to ! =mation ( moral "*4 ,!re=e our pr9ciples & our virtues mu/ be put to ! te/4 ,temptation tries our =titude2 affliction asc]ta9s our submission2 suff]+ purifies our s\ls2 d\bt & my/]y give en]gy to our fai?4 ,amid ! good & ! evil ( ! pres5t our "* has to be develop$ & p]fect$4 ,!re is mu* to be enc\nt]$1 mu* to be endur$4 ,b z ,ri*>d ,w9t] ,hamilton has said1 ,?is discipl9e is salut>y4 ,! furnace heat purities ! gold by its rigor\s assay4 ,! v9e prunes until x ble$s t x may be> its ri*] clu/]s4 ,a !atre is rais$ = l(ty /ruggle & cele/ial d9t4 ,! end ( all is to make u pure & noble & h]oic s\ls4 ,! sci5ti/s ( ?is age1 :o are s enamor$ ( in]t matt] & ins5sate =ce1 may h no eye to see1 no he>t to sympa?ize )1 & no compet5t faculty by :i* to e/imate ! value ( ?is bless$ v9tage2 b !re are s\ls to :om honor is de>] ?an life1 & wisdom m preci\s ?an rubies1 & purity m desirable ?an f9e gold1 :o w cont9ue to pray--,cleanse ! ?\ghts ( our he>ts by ! inspiration ( ?y ,holy ,_s1 t we may p]fectly love ,!e & wor?ily magnify ?y holy "n4 ,s mu* = ! argum5t aga9/ ! efficacy ( pray] f ! exp]i5tial /&-po9t4 ,we are compell$ to pron\nce x a failure4 ,!re seems good reason to believe t ,dr4 ,tyndall reg>ds x z a failure1 = we d n f9d t he any :]e d5ies ! efficacy ( pray] = spiritual bless+s4 ,b1 l a second ,ajax ,telemon1 he makes ha/e to int]pose 8 ample %ield = ! def5se ( 8 un=tunate fri5ds2 he is c>eful1 h[ev]1 to *ange ! entire mode ( w>f>e1 & he op5s ! attack on ! efficacy ( pray] f ! !oretical /&-po9t4 ,dr4 ,tyndall beg9s by obs]v+ t ! idea ( direct p]sonal volition mix+ itself 9 ! economy ( nature is retreat+ m & m 9 pres5ce ( advanc+ sci5ce1 & among educat$ & sci5tific communities !re is a gr[+ conviction t nature is absolutely uni=m1 & t h] laws are *angeless & p]man5t4 ,he takes ! gr\nd t all pray] = ,div9e int]position to produce *anges 9 ext]nal nature1 su*1 = example1 z pray] = ra9 or = fair wea!r1 is irrational1 because ! answ] to su* pray] w\ld be a violation ( ! ord] ( nature1 a manife/ contradiction to natural laws1 & 9 fact a miracle4 ,! disp]sion ( ! slighte/ mi/ by ! special volition ( ! ,et]nal w\ld be z great a miracle 444 z ! /oppage ( an eclipse or ! roll+ ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce up ! ,falls ( ,niag>a4 ,no act ( humiliation1 individual or national1 c\ld call "o %[] f heav5 or deflect t[>d u a s+le beam ( ! sun4#dcf ,we h *>act]iz$ ?is attack ( ,dr4 ,tyndall's z an attack on ! efficacy ( pray] f ! !oretical /&-po9t3 #a4 ,because he does n claim t ! belief 9 ! *angeless uni=mity ( nature is a self-evid5t tru?--a direct intuition1 ei!r ( s5se or ( reason1 :i* ne$s no pro(4 #b4 ,because he does n ass]t t ! absolute uni=mity ( nature has be5 inductively prov$1 or is ev5 capable ( v]ification by exp]i5ce1 s9ce all exp]i5ce1 :e!r ( ! individual or ! race1 is necess>ily limit$1 & c n1 !re=e1 give a univ]sal tru?4 ,all t he c say ( x is t x is an assumption--an assumption :i* all c>efully conduct$ exp]im5ts h ju/ifi$1 & ^u :i* all successful sci5tific rese>* has be5 bas$4 ,! maje/ic fabric ( mod]n sci5ce has be5 re>$ ^u ?is f\ndation4 ,b m>k1 x is /ill an assumption1#dcg & ! c5tral "q ar\nd :i* ! battle mu/ be f\ght is1 ,:at gr\nd h we = ! assumption t ! ord] ( nature is s absolutely p]si/5t & *angeless t x nev] has be5 & nev] c be int]f]$ ) by an act ( intellig5t volition8 ,dr4 ,tyndall has attempt$ an answ] to ?is "q4 ,we %all endeavor1 fir/1 cle>ly to compreh5d 8 answ]1 &1 secondly1 to e/imate its logical validity4 #a4 ,he tells u t ! belief 9 a *angeless ord] ( nature is a k9d ( inspiration4 ,! passage f facts to pr9ciples 7t is1 ! passage f our limit$ exp]i5ce ( uni=mity to ! affirmation ( univ]sal & p]man5t ord]7 is call$ induction1 :i* 9 its highe/ =m is inspiration4#dch ,?is1 h[ev]1 is poetry1 & n sci5ce4 ,?is inductive inf]5ce embraces va/ly m 9 ! conclusion ?an is conta9$ 9 ! premises2 ! antec$5t is limit$1 ! consequ5t is unlimit$2 & ! only w>rant t ,dr4 ,tyndall has = ! violation ( ! mo/ fundam5tal logical canon is inspiration4 ,b1 :atev] ,dr4 ,tyndall may und]/& by ?is ambigu\s phrase1 x is c]ta9 t 8 own m9d is n satisfi$1 & s he tries aga94 #b4 ,he tells u t ?is belief re/s ^u ! long-cont9u$ obs]vations1 regi/]$ exp]i5ces1 & exp]im5tal v]ifications ( a succession ( sci5tific m51 z ,galileo1 ,torricelli1 ,pascal1 ,kepl]1 & ,newton4 ,b "h aga9 ! exp]i5ces are limit$1 & d n ju/ify a univ]sal conclusion2 & ,dr4 ,tyndall himself is n satisfi$4 ,he says1 ,! sci5tific m9d c f9d no repose 9 ! m]e regi/ration ( sequ5ces 9 nature4 ,! fur!r "q obtrudes itself ) resi/less might1 ,:5ce come ! sequ5ces8 ,:at is x t b9ds ! consequ5t ) ! antec$5t 9 nature8 ,:at is x1 we ask ) r$\bl$ e>ne/ness & emphasis1 :i* au?orizes our draw+ a univ]sal conclusion f p>ticul> premises8 ,! truly sci5tific intellect nev] c atta9 re/ until x rea*es ! ,,=ces by :i* ! obs]v$ succession is produc$4444 ,n until ! relation betwe5 ! =ces & ! ph5om5a has be5 e/abli%$ is ! law ( ! reason r5d]$ conc5tric ) ! law ( nature1 & n until ?is is effect$ does ! m9d ( ! sci5tific philosoph] re/ 9 peace4#dci ,"h we h ! law ( ! reason sub/itut$ = ! highe/ =m ( inspiration1 & we are curi\s to le>n :at ?is law ( ! reason is4 ,is x ! pr9ciple1 or law ( causality--namely1 t all ph5om5a pres5t !mselves to u z ! expression ( p[]1 & ref] u to a causal gr\nd8 ,b ?is law ( ! reason says no?+ ab\t uni=mity4 ,! same p[] may produce a div]sity ( effects4 ,inf9itely num]\s & v>i\s univ]ses might h be5 fa%ion$ by ! v>i\s di/ribution ( ! orig9al nebul\s matt]1 al?\gh ! p>ticles ( matt] %\ld obey ! "o law ( gravity4#ddj #c4 ,&1 f9ally1 ,dr4 ,tyndall tells u t ,! expectation ( lik5ess i4 e41 uni=mity 9 ! procession ( ph5om5a is n t on :i* ! sci5tific m9d f\nds its belief 9 ! ord] ( nature4 ,if ! =ce is p]man5t1 ! ph5om5a are necess>y :e!r !y resemble or d n resemble any ?+ t has gone be=e4 ,h5ce 9 judg+ ( ! ord] ( nature our inquiry ev5tually relates to ! p]man5ce ( =ce1#dda or1 z he else:]e /yles x1 ! cons]vation ( en]gy1 :i* means t no p[] c make its appe>ance 9 nature )\t an equival5t exp5diture ( "s o!r p[]2 t natural ag5ts are s relat$ z to be mutually conv]tible1 b t no new ag5cy is creat$4#ddb ,:e!r ?is is or is n a correct /atem5t ( ! pr9ciple ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy we %all see by & by4 ,& n[1 aft] hav+ hunt$ ! game ?r\gh _m tortu\s passages to its f9al burr[1 :at h we f\nd8 ,t ! ultimate pr9ciple :i* ju/ifies ! belief or assumption t ! laws ( nature are s rigidly inflexible & ! ord] ( nature is s absolutely uni=m t p]sonal volition c n m+le 9 or int]f]e ) ! economy ( nature is ! pr9ciple ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy4 ,! answ] ( ,dr4 ,tyndall is n[ fully & cle>ly be=e our m5tal view1 & we are prep>$ = ! consid]ation ( its logical validity4 ,?is answ] may be conv5i5tly divid$ into two propositions4 ,fir/1 p]sonal volition1 human or ,div9e1 c n int]m+le or 9 any way int]f]e ) ! economy ( nature because h] laws are inflexible & h] ord] is uni=m4 ,second1 ! ultimate pr9ciple :i* ju/ifies ! assumption t ! laws ( nature are absolutely inflexible & ! ord] ( nature is absolutely uni=m is ! pr9ciple ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy4 ,we %all consid] ?is latt] proposition fir/4 ,!re are 9 ?is proposition ?ree ambigu\s t]ms1 :i* h hi!rto be5 ! s\rce ( s]i\s misappreh5sion2 & unless we c atta9 to cle>] & m def9ite conceptions1 :i* %all be mutually accept$1 ! controv]sy w be int]m9able4 ,^! are ! t]ms nature1 laws ( nature1 & uni=mity ( ! ord] ( nature4 ,we h made ! attempt 9 a previ\s *apt]#ddc to give precision & def9it5ess to ! concepts :i* ^! t]ms %\ld connote4 ,ref]r+ ! read] to ! *apt] indicat$1 we %all "h simply re/ate our results4 #a4 ,nature is ! aggregate or totality ( all mat]ial or physical ph5om5a4#ddd ,nature 7nascor1 to be born7 means t :i* is produc$ or born4#dde #b4 ,a ,law ( ,nature is ! /atem5t ( a c]ta9 uni=mity obs]v$ 9 ! relations among ph5om5a4#ddf ,! laws ( nature are simply expressions ( ph5om5al uni=mities1 hav+ no co]cive p[] :atev]4#ddg #c4 ,! ,uni=mity ( ! ,ord] ( ,nature may mean ei!r uni=mity ( co-exi/5ce or uni=mity ( succession4 ,uni=mity ( co-exi/5ce means t ! same sub/ances mu/ always h ! same ess5tial prop]ties#ddh & ! same p]man5t relations to o!r sub/ances1 z1 = example1 e molecule ( hydrog5 mu/ h ! same prop]ties1 ! same def9ite mass1 ! same p]iodic vibrations1 & ! same *emical aff9ities4 ,if ^! 7 to be alt]$ 9 ! lea/1 x w\ld no long] be a molecule ( hydrog54#ddi ,?is is uni=mity 9 ! ultimate con/itution ( nature4 ,uni=mity ( succession means t ! same or simil> consequ5ts w always be f\nd to foll[ simil> antec$5ts1 or ! same causes w always be foll[$ by ! same effects1#dej z1 = example1 ! comb9ation ( c>bon & oxyg5 w always be foll[$ by ! evolution ( heat1 & heat w always melt ice4 ,?is is uni=mity 9 ! c\rse ( nature or ! procession ( ph5om5a4 ,belief 9 ! con/ancy ( ! c\rse ( nature or ! uni=mity ( causation is ! g5]al expectation t ! future w resemble ! pa/4#dea ,) a cle>] appreh5sion ( ! t]ms1 we may n[ discuss ! fir/ proposition ) m precision1 & hope to rea* a logical conclusion4 ,we approa* ! discussion by rem>k+-- #a4 ,! con/ancy ( ! c\rse ( nature or ! uni=mity ( causation is n a self-evid5t & necess>y tru?4 ,9 s f> z x is a sci5tific tru? x is purely an induction f exp]i5ce1 an exp]i5ce :i* is necess>ily limit$1 & !re=e does n w>rant a univ]sal conclusion4 ,!re is no rational priori gr\nd = ! assumption t ! same or simil> causes 7ev5 if we und]/& by physical causes all antec$5t conditions7 %all necess>ily produce ! same effects4 ,9 o!r words1 !re is no au?ority = ! ass]tion t ! c\rse ( nature or ! procession ( ph5om5a mu/ be absolutely uni=m4 ,sci5ce has succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ a /rong probability1 b x is beyond h] p[] to demon/rate an absolute c]ta9ty4 ,?is is g5]ally conc$$1 alike by physici/s & metaphysicians4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill says1 ,! uni=mity 9 ! c\rse ( ev5ts 444 mu/ be receiv$1 n z a law ( ! univ]se1 b ( t portion ( x :i* is )9 ! range ( our means ( obs]vation1 ) a reasonable degree ( ext5sion to adjac5t cases4#deb ,! uni=mity ( causation1 says ,murphy1 is n a tru? ( ! reason1 x is kn[n by exp]i5ce only2 & ! tru? ( a conclusion f exp]i5ce c nev] be free f all possibility ( limitation or exception4#dec ,& ,pr(essor ,jevons ass]ts1 ,! conclusions ( sci5tific inf]5ce appe> to be always ( a hypo!tical & purely provisional nature4 ,giv5 c]ta9 exp]i5ce1 ! !ory ( probability yields u ! true int]pretation ( t exp]i5ce1 & is ! sure/ guide op5 to u4 ,b ! be/ calculat$ results :i* x c give u are nev] absolute probabilities3 !y are purely relative to ! ext5t ( our in=mation4 ,x seems to be impossible = u to judge h[ f> our exp]i5ce gives u adequate in=mation ( ! univ]se z a :ole1 & ( all ! =ces & ph5om5a :i* c h place !re94#ded #b4 ,x is an imm$iate fact ( consci\sness t ! w is a cause :i* is adequate to ! production ( a div]sity ( effects4 ,:atev] may be true ( ! _w ( matt]1 x is c]ta9 t )9 ! sph]e ( our consci\s p]sonality ! relation ( cause & effect is n a relation ( inv>iable & necess>y sequ5ce4 ,fur!r1 x is c]ta9 t a self-det]m9+ ag5t exi/s4 ,e ev5t 9 ! univ]se ( matt] is det]m9$ by ! ev5ts :i* prec$e x1 b physical reason+s make x c]ta9 t ! *a9 ( causes & effects c n h be5 ( absolutely endless l5g? ?r\gh pa/ "t4 ,!re mu/ h be5 a fir/ l9k ( ! *a92 !re mu/ h be5 a fir/ act ( causation2 & ?is act mu/ h be5 det]m9$1 n by any previ\s act ( causation :5 z yet !re 0 none1 b by ! free self-det]m9+ p[] ( ! ag5t4 ,! fir/ act ( causation we call ,creation2 ! freely self-det]m9+ ag5t we call ,god4#dee #c4 ,physical sci5ce itself does n tea* t ! c\rse ( nature is absolutely uni=m2 on ! contr>y1 all ! conclusions ( sci5ce lead to ! conviction t ! univ]se is ev] *ang+1 & t1 not)/&+ secul> recurr5ces :i* w\ld prim facie seem to replace matt] 9 its orig9al position1 no?+ 9 fact ev] returns or c return to a /ate ( exi/5ce id5tical ) a previ\s /ate4#def ,e !ory ( ! orig9 ( ?+s is compell$ to assume t an innate t5d5cy to v>iability is a fundam5tal fact ( nature4 ,?is is made app>5t by ! reason+ 9 ,sp5c]'s *apt]s on ,! ,in/ability ( ! ,homog5e\s & ,! ,multiplication ( ,effects4#deg ,! advocates ( ,natural ,selection are v emphatic 9 ! ass]tion ( ?is ,law ( ,v>iation1 z ! c>d9al fact ^u :i* turns _! doctr9e ( ! orig9 ( species1 & ! :ole sy/em on :i* organic life has be5 develop$ f ! l[e/ to ! highe/ =ms4#deh ,!re is1 says ,comte1 an irregul> v>iability ( effect eng5d]$ by ! great numb] ( diff]5t ag5ts det]m9+ at ! same "t ! same ph5om5a meteorological1 social1 & vital1 f :i* x results 9 ! mo/ complicat$ ph5om5a t !re are n two cases precisely alike4 ,! multiplicity ( ! ag5ts r5d]s ! effects z irregul>ly v>iable z if e cause _h n be5 subject$ to any previ\s conditions4#dei ,dr4 ,tyndall himself is 9 fact compell$ to surr5d] ! doctr9e ( uni=mity 9 ! succession ( ph5om5a4 ,he says if ! =ce be p]man5t1 ! ph5om5a are necess>y :e!r !y resemble or d n resemble any ?+ t has gone be=e4#dfj ,b if ! ph5om5a d n resemble any ?+ t has gone be=e1 h[ c !re be uni=mity 9 ! succession ( ph5om5a8 #d4 ,! uni=mity ( ! con/itution ( mat]ial nature1 or ! pr9ciple t ! same sub/ances mu/ always h ! same ess5tial prop]ties1 is und\bt$ly a self-evid5t & necess>y tru?1 an priori1 rational intuition4 ,x is simply a /atem5t 9 concrete =m ( ! pr9ciple or law ( id5tity 7,a ,a1 or ,a is n equal to non-,a74 ,z we h already obs]v$1 a sub/ance :i* ceases to h ! same ess5tial prop]ties ceases to be ! same sub/ance2 = sub/ances are only kn[n to u ?r\gh _! prop]ties4 ,b ?is uni=mity ( co-exi/5ce is di/9ct f uni=mity ( succession1 & we c n inf] ! latt] f ! =m]4 ,admitt+ t ! same sub/ance mu/ always h ! same prop]ties1 we c n affirm t ! same sub/ances w always be collocat$ 9 ! same mann]1 or di/ribut$ 9 space ) ! same uni=mity4 ,9 fact1 we c discov] no?+ regul> 9 ! di/ribution ( matt] ?r\gh space2 we c r$uce x to no uni=mity1 to no law4#dfa ,matt] is nev] replac$ 9 its orig9al position2 no?+ repeats itself1 because no?+ c be plac$ 9 ! same conditions2 ! pa/ is irrevocable4#dfb ,ev5 %\ld we say ) ,sir ,william ,?omson t motion con/itutes ! v ess5ce ( :at is commonly call$ matt]1 /ill we "k ) infallible c]ta9ty t !re mu/ be a some?+ t moves1 & t ?is some?+ :i* moves mu/ h ultimately a def9ite mass 7in]tia7 & a measurable velocity1 & t ! en]gy ( motion to :i* ! p[] ( do+ "w is due is proportionate to ! mass multipli$ into ! squ>e ( ! velocity4 ,matt]1 !n1 is some?+ m ?an motion4#dfc ,we "k fur!r t !re are diff]5t modes ( motion--transitive1 rotatory1 vibratory1 pulsatory1 gyratory--& t ^! are und]go+ p]petual trans=mation or conv]sion "o into ! o!r4 ,&1 f9ally1 we "k t ! quantities ( visible mol> en]gy1 & ( invisible molecul> en]gy 7z heat1 light1 electricity1 magnetism71 are n uni=m2 on ! contr>y1 ! quantity ( me*anical en]gy is be+ cont9ually dissipat$--t is1 trans=m$ into radiant heat1 :i* may be comp>$ to ! wa/eheap ( ! univ]se1#dfd & uni=mly diffus$ heat w n yield a s+le unit ( "w4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy is !re=e subject to limitations :i* are suppli$ by ! pr9ciple ( ! dissipation ( en]gy4 ,x simply ass]ts t1 s f> z our obs]vation ext5ds1 ! :ole am\nt ( pot5tial & k9etic en]gy 9 ! univ]se is inv>iable1 b x c n det]m9e :e!r ! am\nt ( vital =ce1 or ( psy*ic =ce1 is inv>iable2 & x is c]ta9ly incompet5t to fix a limitation to ! ex]cise ( ,creative ,p[]4 ,x is no?+ m ?an an intellig5t & well-support$ d5ial ( ! *im]a ( p]petual motion1 & t a ma*9e c no m create "w ?an x c create matt]4#dfe ,9 ! words ( ,grove1 we c n conceive ( ! production ( any new =ce 9 ! univ]se )\t ! int]position ( ,creative ,p[]4#dff ,dr4 ,tyndall1 9 8 solicitude to exclude all ,div9e int]position 9 ! economy ( nature1 has /at$ ! law ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy 9 a =m q diff]5t f t ( 8 sci5tific bre?r54 ,he says1 ,! pr9ciple ( cons]vation is1 no creation b inf9ite conv]sion2#dfg & he seems desir\s to convey ! impression t any int]position ( ,god to answ] pray] w\ld be a creation ( physical =ce1 & z mu* a miracle z ! roll+ ( ! wat]s ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce up ! ,falls ( ,niag>a4 ,dr4 ,tyndall does n "h display 8 usual fairness & c&or4 ,surely he w\ld n ass]t t ! qualitative & quantitative comb9ation ( ! diff]5t natural ag5ts--su* z light1 heat1 electricity1 ela/icity ( vapors1 & a]ial curr5ts--:i* det]m9e ! fall ( a %[] ( ra91 w\ld be a creation ( en]gy2 or t ! disposition ( ! meteorological1 physical1 *emical1 vital1 & psy*ical conditions :i* result 9 ! cure ( ! sick1 w\ld be z mu* a miracle z ! /oppage ( an eclipse2 = ^! natural ag5ts are m or less "u ! control ( man4 ,b suppose x 7 grant$ t all int]position ( ,god 9 ! economy ( nature mu/ be reg>d$ z miracul\s1 w\ld he d5y ! possibility ( miracles ev5 if !y %\ld involve a creation ( en]gy8 ,because we c n by any ( our me*anical arrangem5ts create en]gy1 does x !re=e foll[ t ,god c n create en]gy8 ,dr4 ,tyndall w n say ?is4 ,if y ask :o is to limit ! outgo+s ( ,almighty p[]1 my answ] is--n ,i4#dfh ,x w be se5 pres5tly t ,dr4 ,tyndall admits t ! int]f]5ce ( p]sonal volition 9 ! economy ( nature is n =bidd5 by ! law ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy4 ,! po9t we n[ insi/ ^u is t he has n succe$$ 9 %[+ t ?is pr9ciple is an absolute & univ]sal law ( nature4 ,we h already se5 t x is limit$ & condition$ by ! law ( ! dissipation ( en]gy1 & t 9 reality x is m]ely a k9d ( movable equilibrium betwe5 supply & de/ruction4#dfi ,by no exp]im5tal evid5ce has x be5 %[n t x holds true 9 ! realm ( vital dynamics & psy*o-dynamics4 ,!re are able sci5tific m5 :o "q its absolute c]ta9ty ev5 9 ! realm ( physics4 ,pr(essor ,brooke says t ! am\nt ( en]gy 9 ! _w is un*ang$1 ! sum ( ! actual or k9etic & pot5tial en]gies be+ a con/ant quantity has be5 by "s writ]s ov]/ra9$4 ,x may be tak5 z a po/ulate1 & is probably true2 b x is a proposition equally incapable ( pro( & ( dispro(4#dgj ,to ! same effect are ! words ( ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1#dga & /ill m rec5tly ( ,pr(essor ,jevons4#dgb ,nature1 says ,dr4 ,cohn1 ( ,breslau1 is an equation ) v _m unkn[n quantities4 ,x is ! "w ( natural sci5ce to det]m9e ! value ( ^! quantities4 ,"s believe x nev] w be possible to solve ! equation1 s9ce 9 x factors occur :i* c n be det]m9$4 ,until ?is is done1 x is simply presumptu\s = ,dr4 ,tyndall to pret5d to "k all ! antec$5ts :i* det]m9e ! complex ph5om5a ( nature1 & dogmatically to affirm t no new ag5cy is creat$1 & no int]f]5ce ( ,div9e ag5cy c be p]mitt$4 ,our k ( ?+s is f9ite1 :ile our ignorance is inf9ite2 & we mu/ consequ5tly reg>d all kn[n l9es ( causation z be+ liable to be cut ?r\gh by unkn[n ones4 ,= aught we "k to ! contr>y "o ( ! unkn[n factors 9 ! equation may be p]sonal volition1 may be ! ceaseless en]gy ( ! ,div9e ,w su/a9+ & c>ry+ nature =w>d ?r\gh successive /ages t[>d a pr$e/9at$ goal4 ,! =emo/ physici/s d n d5y t !re may possibly be =ms ( en]gy :i* are nei!r pot5tial nor k9etic4#dgc ,we v5ture to ass]t ) ,pr(4 ,*allis t w1 or p]sonal en]gy1 is nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r1 b ! s\rce ( bo?4 ,m9d is ! orig9ator1 & matt] is ! recipi5t ( =ce4#dgd ,we sum up :at has be5 said 9 ! prec$+ p>agraphs on ! uni=mity ( nature 9 ! foll[+ words3 ,we admit t ! uni=mity ( ! con/itution ( nature is a self-evid5t & necess>y tru?4 ,we admit also t1 s f> z our exp]i5ce ext5ds1 ! uni=mity ( ! c\rse ( nature mu/ be admitt$ z a sci5tific tru?1 = to d5y ?is w\ld be to d5y ! possibility ( all sci5ce1 inasmu* z all sci5ce is prevision4 ,b at ! same "t we ma9ta9 t ! conclusions ( sci5tific inf]5ce mu/ always be ( a hypo!tical & purely provisional "*1 because x is impossible = u to judge ) absolute c]ta9ty h[ f> our exp]i5ce gives u adequate in=mation ( ! univ]se z a :ole1 & ( all ! =ces & ph5om5a :i* c h place !re94#dge ,! cons]vation ( en]gy1 = example1 is a v probable hypo!sis :i* accords satisfactorily ) ! exp]im5ts ( sci5tific m5 dur+ a few ye>s pa/1 b x w\ld be a gross misconception ( ! nature ( sci5tific inf]5ce to suppose t x is c]ta9 9 ! same s5se t a proposition 9 geometry is c]ta91 or t any fact ( imm$iate consci\sness is c]ta94#dgf ,admitt+ ! pr9ciple ( ! uni=mity ( nature z a hypo!tical inf]5ce f a limit$ exp]i5ce1 we advance to ! ma9 position ( ,dr4 ,tyndall1 namely1 t p]sonal volition c n m+le 9 or int]f]e ) ! procession ( ph5om5a 9 nature4 ,dr4 ,tyndall admits ! reality ( p]sonal volition4 ,we h n discov]$ 9 8 writ+s any indications ( ! t5d5cy manife/$ by "s ( 8 sci5tific associates to r$uce volition to a =m ( physical en]gy4 ,he grants ! p[] ( free-w 9 man1#dgg b he seems unwill+ to admit t free-w c ex]t any controll+1 modify+1 or det]m9+ influ5ce on ! procession ( ph5om5a4 ,assum+ ! efficacy ( pray] to produce *anges 9 ext]nal nature1 x necess>ily foll[s t natural laws are m or less at ! m]cy ( man's volition1 & no conclusion f\nd$ on ! assum$ p]man5ce ( ^? laws w\ld be wor?y ( confid5ce4#dgh ,b are n natural laws m or less subject to man's volition8 ,does he n act ^u ! *a9 ( cause & effect 9 nature1 & alt] ! procession ( ph5om5a on e>?8 ,c]ta9ly he c & does control & direct ! =ces ( nature4 ,he c s collocate & adju/ ! prop]ties & =ces ( matt] z to accompli% ! purposes ( 8 intellig5ce1 & br+ ab\t new results :i* w\ld n o!rwise h be5 produc$4 ,t man has mat]ially modifi$ ! physical geography ( ! globe c n be d5i$4 ,he has alt]$ ! climatal condition ( :ole tracts ( c\ntry1 & *ang$ ! physiognomy ( ! globe4 ,! ra9-fall has be5 *ang$ by ! fell+ ( timb] or ! plant+ ( trees4#dgi ,he has ext5d$ or circumscrib$ ! geographical b\nd>ies ( plants & animals4 ,he has le>n$ to control ! me*anical1 *emical1 & electric =ces4 ,:5 he lifts a /one f ! e>? & susp5ds x 9 ! air1 or locks x 9 ! ar* t spans ! riv]1 ! law ( gravitation is subord9at$ to ! high] law ( intellig5t purpose4 ,by ! collocation & adju/m5t ( me*anical =ces he ov]comes ! resi/ance ( w9ds & tides1 & guides 8 vessel across ! trackless deep4 ,he seizes ! lightn+ 9 ! cl\ds & guides x h>mless to ! e>?1 & s5ds ! electric curr5t along ! telegraphic wire to *ronicle 8 de$s & report 8 ?\ghts at ! ends ( ! e>?4 ,he loos5s ! mo/ intricate comb9ations ( elem5t>y sub/ances1 & recomposes !m 9 new =ms ( ! highe/ value 9 m$ic9e & ! f9e arts4 ,he solidifies c>bonic acid2 freezes wat] at ! tropics1 & ev5 9 r$-hot crucibles 9 ! ,temp]ate ,zone4 ,he also modifies & *anges ! developm5t ( vegetable life1 oblit]at+ ?orns & sp9es1 alt]+ ! color & size ( fl[]s1 & ! flavor & nutritive "* ( fruits4 ,&1 f9ally1 he has wr\ght m>vel\s *anges 9 ! =m1 size1 habits1 & in/9cts ( ! animal creation4#dhj ,?us 9 numb]less ways does man control1 modify1 & subord9ate nature to accompli% ! purposes ( 8 intellig5ce2 b we c n see ) ,dr4 ,tyndall h[ ?is r5d]s sci5tific conclusions f\nd$ on ! assum$ p]man5ce ( natural law unwor?y ( confid5ce4 ,!re is a vacillation 9 ,dr4 ,tyndall's treatm5t ( ?is aspect ( ! subject :i* r5d]s x difficult to fix 8 exact position4 ,does he int5d to ass]t t p]sonal volition c n 9 ! slighte/ degree *ange ! succession ( ph5om5a8 ,w he say t man does n1 & t ,god c n control & modify & subord9ate natural =ces s z to br+ ab\t new & special results8 ,unless he is prep>$ to ass]t ?is 9 ! mo/ unequivocal mann]1 ! :ole sup]/ructure ( 8 argum5t falls to ! gr\nd4 ,if x is grant$ t human volition c *ange ! procession ( ph5om5a1 & alt] )9 c]ta9 limits ! curr5t ( ev5ts1 !n =tiori we may conclude t ,div9e volition may also int]f]e 9 ! economy ( nature to answ] pray]4 ,at "o "t ,dr4 ,tyndall ins9uates t our notion 7t is1 ! ,*ri/ian's conception7 ( ! ,p[] :i* rules ! univ]se is a m]e fanciful or ignorant enl>gem5t ( human p[]1444 a my?ologic imag9ation :i* pictures a be+ able & will+ to d any & e conceivable ?+4#dha ,at ano!r "t he admits t ! !ory t ! sy/em ( nature is "u ! control ( a ,be+ :o *anges ph5om5a 9 compliance ) ! pray]s ( m5 is1 9 my op9ion1 a p]fectly legitimate "o4444 ,x is a matt] ( exp]i5ce t an e>?ly fa!r1 :o is at ! same "t bo? wise & t5d]1 li/5s to ! reque/s ( 8 *ildr51 & if !y d n ask amiss1 takes pleasure 9 grant+ _! reque/s4 ,we "k also t ?is compliance ext5ds to ! alt]ation1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 ( ! curr5t ( ev5ts on e>?4 ,) ?is sugge/ion (f]$ by our exp]i5ce1 x is no dep>ture f sci5tific me?od to place beh9d natural ph5om5a a univ]sal ,fa!r1 :o 9 answ] to ! pray]s ( 8 *ildr5 alt]s ! curr5ts ( ph5om5a4 ,?us f> !ology & sci5ce g h& 9 h&4 ,! conception ( an e!r1 = example1 trembl+ ) ! waves ( light1 is sugge/$ by ! ord9>y ph5om5a ( wave-motion 9 wat] & 9 air2 & 9 l mann] ! conception ( p]sonal volition 9 nature is sugge/$ by ! ord9>y action ( man ^u e>?4 ,i !re=e urge no impossibilities1 ?\gh y con/antly *>ge me ) do+ s4 ,i d n ev5 urge inconsi/5cy1 b1 on ! contr>y1 frankly admit t y h z good a "r to place y\r conception at ! root ( ph5om5a z ,i h to place m9e4#dhb ,if ?is concession is made 9 good fai?1 & really means any ?+ at all1 x cov]s ! :ole gr\nd4 ,x is nei!r unsci5tific nor irrational to place beh9d natural ph5om5a a univ]sal ,fa!r :o alt]s ! curr5t ( ph5om5a 9 answ] to pray]4 ,b ?is is n ! conception :i* ,dr4 ,tyndall places beh9d ! ph5om5a ( nature4 ,8 conception is t ( a p]man5t =ce1 :i* is "u ! circum/ances necess>y1 produc+ an un]r+ ord] :i* 9 our exp]i5ce kn[s no exception4 ,?is br+s u to ! ?ird & la/ "q4 #c4 ,h[ c ! sci5tific conception ( ! =ce :i* is manife/$ 9 ! ph5om5a ( nature be br\ght into h>mony ) ! idea ( ,god z reveal$ 9 ! religi\s consci\sness8 ,we are n[ 9 ! v he>t ( :at we h *>act]iz$ z ! debatable gr\nd :i* lies betwe5 sci5ce & religion1 :]e que/ions are moot$ conc]n+ ! relation betwe5 ,god & nature4 ,on ! "o side we h ! facts ( ext]nal s5sible exp]i5ce--! /atical ph5om5a ( nature z mass1 ext5sion1 position1 & di/ance--conditions ess5tial to ! action or manife/ation ( =ce2 !n ! dynamical ph5om5a ( nature z rotatory1 vibratory1 pulsatory1 gyratory1 & transitive motion1 :i* to our reason1 n to our s5ses1 are manife/ations ( =ce4 ,sci5ce obs]ves ! uni=mity ( relations among ^! ph5om5a--uni=mities ( resemblance1 co-exi/5ce1 & succession1 & calls ^! uni=mities laws ( nature4 ,?is is all t sci5ce c d1 all t m5 ( exact sci5ce claim to be able to d4 ,on ! o!r side we h ! facts ( int]nal exp]i5ce--! consci\sness ( ef=t1 ! s5se ( p[] & fre$om1 ! idea ( "r & wrong1 ! feel+ ( dep5d5ce1 ( duty1 & ( obligation1 ! consci\sness ( moral responsibility & ( moral des]t1 & ! anticipation ( a future retribution4 ,^! to our reason are ! revelation ( a righte\s ,lawgiv] & ,rul] :o is ov] u2 by :om we are oblig$1 & to :om we mu/ acc\nt4 ,?is is ! !oretic basis & necess>y presupposition ( all religion4 ,& n[ speculative philosophy /eps 9 & endeavors to r$uce ^! concepts ( sci5ce & religion to an ultimate unity4 ,x endeavors to con/rue 9 ?\ght ! nature ( t relation betwe5 ! =ce manife/$ 9 nature & ! moral ,rul] reveal$ 9 consci5ce4 ,!re=e x asks ! que/ions1 ,:at is =ce8 ,:at is life8 ,:at is m9d8 ,if we say t =ce is z inh]5t & ess5tial to matt] z ext5sion & in]tia are1 & t life & m9d are b modes ( =ce1 we are on ! high-road to me*anical ,deism1 if n mat]ial ,a!ism4 ,if we say t matt] is itself only a function ( =ce1 & t =ce is ! ultimate ( all ultimates1 !n ! di/9ction betwe5 f9ite exi/5ce & ! inf9ite ,be+ is a m]ely v]bal di/9ction1 & we mu/ yield to ! s$uctions ( ,pan!ism1 :i* "u ?is aspect ( x is b ano!r "n = ,a!ism4 ,b if we say t ,_s is ! orig9ator & matt] ! recipi5t ( =ce1 or ! recipi5t ( impulse & en]gy1 & t ! imman5t ,god is ! life ( all nature1 we are pure ,!i/s4 ,we h n[ a workable !ory by :i* we c satisfactorily int]pret ! univ]se4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n ! conception ( ,dr4 ,tyndall4 ,! p[] :i* he sees 9 nature is a =ce :i* is inh]5t & ess5tial to matt]1 & 9 t matt] he sees ! promise & ! pot5cy ( all t]re/rial life1 b n ( all life1 = religion is life4 ,! ,p[] :i* is reveal$ z ! object ( ! religi\s emotions is a ,p[] :i* works = righte\sness1 & is intellig5t z well z e?ical4 ,?is ,p[] he seems to reg>d z di/9ct f ! =ce :i* produces ! necess>y ph5om5a ( nature4 ,b :5ce does he obta9 ?is conception ( =ce8 ,he writes z ?\gh he _h se5 =ce1 or cogniz$ =ce1 by "s "o ( ! s5ses4 ,we claim t =ce is a subtile m5tal conception1 & n a s5su\s p]ception or ph5om5on2#dhc x is a metaphysical idea1 a po/ulate ( reason appli$ to nature4 ,we v5ture ! ass]tion t ! physici/ has n ! remote/ conception ( =ce except z a datum ( consci\sness4 ,! s5ses give u only ph5om5a4 ,all we p]ceive is motion1 *ange1 succession4 ,all we "k or see is ! effect2 we d n see =ce4#dhd ,s say all physici/s z well z all metaphysicians4 ,exp]i5ces ( =ce are n d]iv$ f any ?+ else1444 & ! =ce by :i* we ourselves produce *anges1 & :i* s]ves to symbolize ! cause ( *anges 9 g5]al1 is ! f9al disclosure ( all analysis4#dhe ,:5ev]1 !re=e1 ,dr4 ,tyndall attempts to acc\nt = motion & *ange 9 ext]nal nature by assum+ ! exi/5ce ( invisible1 impond]able =ces1 he is int]pret+ nature 9 t]ms ( consci\sness--we mean t consci\sness ( p]sonal causation :i* we h :5 we put =? ef=t ) an int5tion !reby to accompli% an end4 ,=ce is kn[n to u by imm$iate consci\sness z a function ( our own m9d--t is1 m9d act+ 9 w is consci\s ( itself z a =ce4 ,we are able to conceive ( =ce 9 no o!r way4 ,=ce dissociat$ f p]sonality & w mu/ be =ev] incompreh5sible by u1 because x w\ld be some?+ contradictory to our consci\sness4#dhf ,if we may n reg>d w-=ce z ! type ( all ! =ce 9 nature1 !n ! physici/ kn[s no?+ ab\t x1 does n "k !re is any =ce1 & ! only consi/5t c\rse is to unite ) ,comte 9 eradicat+ ! ^w f ! vocabul>y ( sci5ce4 ,9 ! only case 9 :i* we are admitt$ into any imm$iate p]sonal k ( ! orig9 ( =ce1 we f9d x connect$ ) volition1 ) w1 ) motion1 ) intellect1 & ) all ! attributes ( m9d 9 :i* p]sonality consi/s4#dhg ,we mu/1 !re=e1 conclude t all =ce is m9d-=ce1 is _s-=ce1 & t ! =ces :i* animate nature are spiritual4 ,ei!r ! =ce manife/$ 9 ! univ]se is ! =ce ( a self-exi/5t & self-det]m9+ ,intellig5t ,w1 or we c =m no conception ( x :atev]4 ,:5 we h once arriv$ at ! conception ( =ce z an expression ( w1 :i* we d]ive f our exp]i5ce ( its production1 ! univ]sal & con/antly su/a9+ ag5cy ( ! ,deity is recogniz$ 9 e ph5om5on ( ! univ]se4#dhh ,! laws ( nature are ! laws :i* ,god 9 8 wisdom prescribes to 8 own acts4 ,8 univ]sal pres5ce is ! necess>y condition ( any c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,8 univ]sal ag5cy ! only orig9 ( all effici5t =ce4#dhi ,! p]si/5ce ( =ce is ! p]man5ce ( ! ,div9e ag5cy1 & ! deepe/ gr\nd ( our fai? 9 ! uni=mity & *angelessness ( natural laws is ! immutability ( ,god4 ,we come1 !n1 at la/1 to ?is1 t ! ,p[] :i* is manife/$ 9 nature is ! ,god :o is reveal$ 9 consci\sness1 & t ,he is at once a ,god ( p[]1 ( righte\sness1 & ( love4 ,9 pray]1 ! intellig5t believ] does n invoke a diff]5t ,p[] f t :i* is manife/$ 9 all ! =ms ( physical en]gy :i* 7 manife/$ 9 nature2 he does b invoke ! same ,p[] & ! only ,p[] :i* is ! s\rce ( all causation & produces all ! processions ( ph5om5a4 ,! p]petual imman5ce & ceaseless action ( ,god 9 nature is ! s\rce ( all =ce & all law4 ,!re is no =ce & no law besides & ap>t f ?is4 ,all our conceptions ( necessity & uni=mity1 ( special provid5ce & miracle1 are m]ely relative conceptions :i* result f our imp]fect vision4 ,^! are all swall[$ up & lo/ 9 ! ,div9e ,imm5sity4 ,god is ,p[]4 ,god is ,law4 ,god is ,love4 ,love is ! motive1 ,law is ! me?od1 & ,p[] is ! h& manife/$ 9 all ! *anges ( ! univ]se4 ,! dev\t feel t :]ev] ,god's h& is1 !re is miracle2 & x is simply an undev\tness :i* imag9es t only :]e miracle is c !re be ! h& ( ,god4 ,let u say ) ,goe!1 ,nature is ! liv+ g>m5t ( ,god1 :i* at once reveals & conceals 8 my/]i\s spl5dors4 ,9 our days ( d>kness & sorr[ & dang] !re are v\*saf$ to u cle>] gleam+s ( ! ,creative ,_s ?r\gh ! veil ( nature 9 answ] to pray]4 ,^! we may call special provid5ces1 & ev5 miracles1 if we please1 b let u n fall into ! error ( suppos+ t we h se5 m ( ,god ?an 9 ! budd+ ( ! leaf or ! bloom+ ( ! fl[] 9 ! "t ( spr+4 ,!re are div]sities ( op]ations1 b x is ! same ,god :i* worke? all 9 all4#dij ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,moral ,,gov]nm5t4 ,i4 ,,its ,,gr\nd4--,,! ,,correlation ,,betwe5 ,,god ,,& ,,man4 ,t !y may seek ! ,"l1 & truly feel aft] ,him & f9d ,him1 ?\gh ,he is n f> f any "o ( u1 = 9 ,him we live & move & are2 z c]ta9 ( y\r own poets h said1 ',= we are 8 (fspr+4'--,,/4 ,,paul4 ,jove's pres5ce fills all space1 upholds ?is ball2 ,all ne$ 8 aid1 8 p[] su/a9s u all-- ,= we 8 (fspr+ are4--,,aratus4 ,?\ art able to en=ce ob$i5ce f all frail mortals1 ,because we are all ?9e (fspr+4--,,clean!s4 ,f ! fundam5tal tru? t ,god is ! ,creator & ,cons]vator ( ! univ]se1 & t 8 provid5ce presides ov] & directs ! hi/oric developm5t ( humanity1 ,*ri/ian doctr9e advances1 9 a natural & logical ord]1 to ! recognition ( ! m direct & p]sonal relations betwe5 ,god & ea* individual human s\l4 ,he is n f> f any "o ( u1 = 9 ,him we live & move & are4 ,god is intimately ne> to ! human s\l4 ,god is ! imman5t gr\nd ( m5's spiritual be+4 ,god is ! ,fa!r ( ! human _s4 ,!re=e ,god is manife/$ 9 man--9 ! con/itution ( 8 moral nature1 & 9 ! susceptibilities1 ! aspirations1 ! long+s1 ! hopes & fe>s ( 8 spiritual be+2 & ,god manife/s ,himself to man by an inw>d illum9ation--! true light :i* lighte? e man t come? into ! _w4 ,contemplate ^! relations on ! ,div9e side1 & y h ! f\ndation ( all moral gov]nm5t2 /udy !m on ! human side1 & y h ! f\ndation ( all religion1 = religion is a mode ( ?\ght1 ( feel+1 & ( action det]m9$ by ! consci\sness ( our relations to ,god4 ,all ,*ri/ian tea*+ proce$s ^u ! assumption t !re exi/ 9 all m5 ! elem5ts ( a religi\s consci\sness4 ,! recognition ( "s relation to an unse5 moral ,p]sonality is a univ]sal fact ( human nature4 ,! feel+ ( dep5d5ce1 ! s5se ( obligation1 ! s5tim5t ( rev]5ce1 ! t5d5cy to wor%ip1 ! appreh5sion ( a future rew>d or puni%m5t--^! are ! common *>act]i/ics ( man4 ,! untutor$ savage1 ! half-civiliz$ pagan1 ! anci5t philosoph]1 ! mod]n sci5ti/1 all alike betray ! consci\sness ( "s my/]i\s bond :i* holds !m fa/ to ! unse5 ,p[] :i* controls ! de/9ies ( m54 ,) ?is s5tim5t ( ! ,div9e !re is associat$ 9 all human m9ds an in/9ctive ye>n+ aft] ! ,invisible1 a consci\s susceptibility ( our spiritual nature to ! influ5ces ( ! high] _w1 & a rea*+ out ( ! human _s t[>d ! ,inf9ite1 :i* prompt man to seek = a full] k & a deep] communion4 ,*ri/ianity assures u t ?is religi\s consci\sness may1 by a lov+ reception ( ! tru? & a loyal allegiance to duty1 be rais$ into a liv+ ko9onia--a liv+ fell[%ip ) & a consci\s p>ticipation ( ! ,div9e life4 ,man may "k ,god1 n simply by v]bal in/ruction1 n m]ely ?r\gh ! symbolism ( nature1 or ! provid5tial unfold+s ( human hi/ory1 or ev5 ! moral attributes ( 8 own spiritual be+1 b by an exalt$ & imm$iate consci\sness4 ,! pure 9 he>t %all see ,god by an inw>d vision ( wondr\s p[] & glory1 9 :i* !y %all "k ,god1 & be z fully assur$ ( 8 p]sonal love & guidance z ( ! love & guidance ( any human fri5d4 ,n[ !re is a natural ord] 9 :i* ! k ( ,god is cle>ly diff]5tiat$ & fully develop$ 9 ! human m9d2 & ?is ord] is di/9ctly recogniz$ & not$ 9 ! words ( ,/4 ,paul--,t !y may seek ,god1 & truly feel ,god1 & actually f9d ,god4 #a4 ,!re is an e>ne/ inquiry 77--a se>* aft] ,god4 ,?is is ! ef=t ( reflective ?\ght to atta9 a m exact & def9ite conception ( t ,p[] & ,intellig5ce :i* ! spontane\s consci\sness ( man imm$iately & in/9ctively affirms z ! gr\nd & cause & law ( ! creat$ univ]se4 #b4 ,!re is a real feel+ 77 ( ,god--an awak5+ consci\sness ( "s ne> relation to ,god1 excit$ by ! voice ( consci5ce & ! spiritual aff9ities & ye>n+s ( ! s\l4 ,!re is1 z x 71 a t\*+ ( ! liv+ ,god#dia--! s5se ( a liv+ bond :i* holds man to ,god1 n m]ely by a consci\sness ( dep5d5ce & obligation1 b a spiritual nexus1 a real filiation1 :i* enables man to articulate ! wondr\s words1 ,we are ! (fspr+ ( ,god4 #c4 ,!re is an actual f9d+ 77 ( ,god--t high] religi\s consci\sness 9 :i* ! pure & e>ne/ s\l atta9s a p]sonal k1 & ent]s into a beatify+ communion ) ! ,fa!r ( ! human _s4 ,?is direct manife/ation ( ,god 9 its highe/ =m is ! peculi> glory ( t new & div9e life ( ! s\l communicat$ ?r\gh ,*ri/ian fai?1 = :i* all antec$5t kn[l$ges & exp]i5ces1 :e!r ( ! individual m9d or ( collective humanity1 are a prep>ation & a discipl9e4 ,?is inspir$ /atem5t ( ! ord] 9 :i* ! conception ( ,god z a det]m9ate mode ( ?\ght is evolv$ 9 ! human m9d is exactly v]ifi$ by ! hi/ory ( reflective ?\ght z pres5t$ 9 ,greek philosophy4 ,reflective ?\ght began ) ,?ales 9 ,asia ,m9or & ,py?agoras 9 ,l[] ,italy4 ,! ,ionian & ,italian s*ools comm5c$ mo/ naturally ) ! objective ph5om5a ( nature1 & s\ght = ! --! fir/ pr9ciple & cause ( all t appe>s4 ,_! "q 0 n1 ,is !re a fir/ pr9ciple & cause8 b ,:at is ! fir/ pr9ciple & cause8 ,! ord]ly ph5om5a ( ! univ]se pres5t$ !mselves to _! m9ds z ! expression ( p[] & ?\ght z c]ta9ly z !y d to ours2 & _! endeavor 0 to con/rue ?is intuition 9 logical =m & give x articulate expression4 ,x is true _! me?od 0 at fir/ defective1 & ! results atta9$ 7 consequ5tly (t5 errone\s4 ,/ill _! m5tal ef=t mu/ h be5 unconsci\sly gov]n$ by ^? fix$ laws ( cognition :i* con/ra9 all m9ds to reg>d all ph5om5a z ! expression ( p[]1 & all ord]ly arrangem5t z ! utt]ance ( ?\ght4 ,if 9 ! realm ( objective ?+s !y fix$ ^u a s+le elem5t z t out ( :i* all ?+s else 7 evolv$1 t fir/ se$ ( ?+s 0 ei!r a liv+1 pot5tial en]gy1 or x 0 associat$ ) & animat$ by a liv+ s\l4#dib ,or if guid$ by analogy1 !y conceiv$ ! univ]se z a liv+ organism1 ,^: body nature is1 & ,god ! s\l4 ,! in=m+ pr9ciple 0 /ill an intellig5t ,p[]4 ,s t at ! end ( ?is p]iod ( inquiry we f9d t ,anaxagoras di/9ctly articulates ! ^w :i* 8 c\ntrym5 _h half unconsci\sly recogniz$1 ! 1 or fir/ pr9ciple1 is m9d1 intellect1 4 ,f ?is po9t we date a new era 9 philosophy4 ,! ,socratic s*ool turn$ f ! contemplation ( ext]nal nature1 & comm5c$ ! /udy ( m9d4 ,man f9ds 8 rational nature 9 *angeless correlation to a moral law4 ,!re are )9 8 spiritual nature ! ideas ( ju/ice1 ( tru?1 ( purity1 & ( goodness4 ,^! ideas ( ! human reason reflect ! "* ( its ,au?or & ,s\rce1 & we c n refra9 f ascrib+ ^! attributes 9 _! mo/ p]fect =m to ! ,mak] ( ! human s\l4 ,god is n[ reg>d$ z ! ,moral ,rul] ( ! _w4 ,man becomes consci\s ( obligation to a p]sonal ,lawgiv]1 & ( acc\ntability to a p]sonal ,judge4 ,he feels t he has spiritual susceptibilities & long+s = a ,div9e inspiration4 ,he believes t man may become consci\s ( ! wisdom & ! love ( ! ,deity1 & t !re are ,div9e secrets :i* may n be p5etrat$ by man1 b :i* are imp>t$ to ^? :o consult1 :o adore1 & :o obey ,god4#dic ,yield+ to ^! spiritual aff9ities ( ! s\l1 he seeks ,god 9 pray]4#did ,he desires to come ne> to ,god1 to feel 8 pres5ce & inspiration1 & to become assimilat$ to ,god1 by becom+ holy1 j1 & wise4#die ,:e!r any ( ! anci5t philosoph]s atta9$ to t high religions consci\sness 9 :i* ,god is actually f\nd1 s t ,he becomes ! object ( a real love & confid5ce1 & a refuge amid ! /orms & adv]sities ( life1 is a "q we may n be compet5t to answ]4 ,to attempt an answ] may be deem$ presumptu\s4 ,if ! ,div9e decl>ation t e "o t aske? receive?1 & he t seeke? f9de?1 & to him t knocke? x %all be op5$1 is ( univ]sal application1 !n x may1 at lea/1 be hop$ t ! pray] ( ,socrates 0 answ]$1 & ! desire ( ,plato 0 fulfill$1 & ! aspiration ( ,epictetus 0 satisfi$ 9 "s degree4 ,socrates c]ta9ly express$ ! belief t he 0 mov$ by a c]ta9 ,div9e & spiritual impulse4#dif ,plato held t ! highe/ =m ( philosophy is ! love ( ! ,supreme ,good--t is1 ,god2 & t a man :o is j & pi\s & entirely good is lov$ ( ,god4#dig ,& ,epictetus taught t if we always rememb] t 9 all we d ,god /&s by z a witness1 we %all n err 9 our pray]s & actions1 & we %all h ,god dwell+ ) u4 ,d n ^! utt]ances rem9d u vividly ( ! ,savi\r's promise--,if a man love me1 he w keep my words1 & my ,fa!r w love him1 & we w come unto him1 & make our abode ) him8 ,c we d\bt t ^! words express ! ,div9e feel+ & ! ,div9e proc$ure t[>d ! hea!n _w8 ,0 n ,god _! ,fa!r z well z ours8 ,0 n ,*ri/ _! ,savi\r z well z our ,savi\r8 ,may we n hope t ! r$eem+ ,^w enlight5$ _! m9ds1 & ! sanctify+ ,_s t\*$ _! he>ts8 ,x w be obvi\s to ! ?\ghtful read] t ?is ord]1 9 :i* ! def9ite k ( ,god is atta9$1 is ! rev]se ( t 9 :i* ! idea ( ,god is manife/$ 9 ! spontane\s consci\sness ( ! individual & ! race4 ,! =m] is analytical1 ! latt] is syn!tical4 ,! idea ( ,god z ! gr\nd & cause & reason ( all exi/5ce is imm$iately giv5 9 spontane\s ?\ght4 ,! conception ( ,god z pure ,_s1 z ! et]nal ,reason1 ! righte\s ,w1 ! supreme ,good1 ! omnipres5t ,rul] ( ! univ]se1 & ! ,fa!r ( humanity1 is gradually develop$ 9 reflective ?\ght4 ,! fir/ is a metaphysical datum1 /&+ at ! comm5cem5t ( all inquiry1 ! second is a logical qusitum :i* is rea*$ at ! end ( a process ( rational inquiry4 ,spontane\s consci\sness beg9s ) an indet]m9ate feel+1 a my/]i\s pres5tim5t ( ! ,div9e2 x proce$s ?r\gh simple intuition1 & ends ) affirmative ?\ght4 ,reflective consci\sness beg9s by que/ion+ our primitive beliefs1 & ask+ = _! logical gr\nds2 x proce$s by analytic & inductive reason+1 & may result 9 ! union ( logical convictions1 ) det]m9ate affections--an intellig5t rev]5ce & an appreciat+ love4 ,spontane\s ?\ght is involunt>y1 & mu/ necess>ily result 9 fai?4 ,reflective ?\ght is volunt>y1 & may result 9 error1 d\bt1 & skepticism4 ,!re=e ! me?od by :i* we atta9 to a cle> & det]m9ate k ( ,god--by :i* we really feel1 & actually f9d ,god--may be defeat$1 int]rupt$1 & m>r$ by s94 ,unholy passion & a p]v]t$ w may mat]ially vitiate ! process by :i* ! human reason rea*es a logical conviction ( ! be+ ( a ,god4 ,! ungodly man may desire t ! ,fir/ ,cause %all h no moral attributes4 ,! s9n] may imag9e t ! ,deity is altoge!r su* an "o z himself4 ,! fool may say 9 8 he>t1 ,!re is no ,god4 ,:ile ! idea ( ,god pres5ts itself naturally & necess>ily 9 spontane\s ?\ght1 !re may be an unwill+ness to reta9 ,god 9 ! k4 ,& ev5 :]e ,god is kn[n1 ,he may n be honor$ & gratefully recogniz$2 &1 z a consequ5ce1 ! und]/&+ may be d>k5$4 ,swall[$ up ( uncleanness & lu/1 ! ab&on$ man may b>t] ! tru? ( ,god = lies1 & ev5tually wor%ip & s]ve ! creature m ?an ! ,creator4 ,/ill man c n utt]ly relegate himself f all s5se ( obligation1 & all feel+ ( dep5d5ce ^u ,god4 ,he c n sev] ! l9k :i* b9ds him to 8 ,mak]4 ,he c n :olly ext+ui% 9 8 he>t ! s5se ( ! ,div9e1 nor eradicate f 8 reason ! ideas :i*1 9 _! spontane\s1 unimp$$ developm5t1 reveal to him ! p]sonal ,lawgiv] & ,judge4 ,:]e !re is any rectitude ( purpose1 any s9c]e love = tru?1 !re w be1 9 a proportionate measure1 ! true k ( ,god4 ,& ! pure m9d may assur$ly rise to t high] religi\s consci\sness 9 :i* d\bt & unc]ta9ty are swall[$ up 9 an inw>d vision ( 8 glory4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! rational f\ndation = moral gov]nm5t1 & ! ultimate gr\nd ( all religion4 ,! possibility ( kn[+ ,god1 ! obligation to rev]5ce & obey ,god1 ! p[] to d ! w ( ,god1 ! susceptibility ( ! human he>t = ,div9e inspiration & ,div9e commun+1 are all gr\nd$ ^u ! correlations betwe5 ,god & man4 ,god is n f> f any "o ( u1 = 9 ,him we live & move & are2 z c]ta9 ( y\r own poets h said1 ',= we are 8 (fspr+4' #a4 ,! relation betwe5 ,god & man is a relation ( contiguity4 ,god is p]petually ne> to man4 ,he is n f> f any "o ( u4 ,! sacr$ ,scriptures n only tea* ! ubiquity ( ,god1 b !y emphasize ! imm$iat5ess ( ! ,div9e pres5ce 9 relation to man4 ,:i!r %all ,i g f ?y ,_s8 or :i!r %all ,i flee f ?y pres5ce8 ,if ,i asc5d up into heav51 ,?\ art !re2 if ,i make my b$ 9 hell1 behold1 ,?\ art !re4 ,if ,i take ! w+s ( ! morn+1 & dwell 9 ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! sea1 ev5 !re %all ?y h& lead me1 & ?y "r h& %all hold me4 ,?\ ha/ beset me beh9d & be=e1 & laid ?9e h& ^u me4 ,no man c escape f ,god4 ,we may retire to ! remote/ p>ts ( ! e>?1 & take up our abode 9 ! mo/ solit>y isle2 we may press our way into ! deepe/ recesses ( ! primeval =e/1 to spots :]e ! foot ( man has nev] trod1 & on :i* ! light ( heav5 has nev] %one1 & :]e solitude has held its undi/urb$ reign ev] s9ce ! morn+ ( creation1 & ! conviction t ,god is 9 ?is place w relieve ! lonel9ess1 & hold u fa/ )9 ! grasp ( 8 gov]nm5t & laws4 ,let human ?\ght take to itself ! w+s ( imag9ation & pi]ce ! heav5s1 let x travel on ?r\gh ! imm5sity ( space until x has rea*$ ! conf9es ( ! univ]se1 let x alight on "o ( ! out]mo/ />s :i* seem to /& z s5t9els at ! v outpo/s ( creation1 & look+ out ^u ! dep?s ( space1 !re %all be he>d ! voice ( ,god ton+ on ?r\gh\t ! fa?omless abyss1 ,c any hide himself 9 secret places t ,i %all n see8 ,d n ,i fill heav5 & e>?8 sai? ! ,"l4 ,god is n f> f any "o ( u4 ,he is ! ,ev] ,ne>4 ,ne>] to u ?an ! air we brea!1 ne>] ?an ! light :i* reveals surr\nd+ objects1 ne>] ?an our body1 ! liv+ ve/ure ( ! s\l1 is ,god4 ,9 ! words ( ! ,p]sian oracle1 ,god is ne>] to !e ?an ?\ art unto ?yself4 ,z ! ,inf9ite ,m9d is pres5t to all rational be+s1 s are !y all pres5t to ,him4 ,god is omnisci5t4 ,! ?\ghts1 feel+s1 & actions ( all m5 are imm$iately & directly kn[n by ,him4 ,o ,"l1 ?\ ha/ se>*$ me & kn[n me4 ,?\ kn[e/ my d[nsitt+ & m9e upris+1 ,?\ und]/&e/ my ?\ght af> (f4 ,?\ compasse/ my pa? & my ly+ d[n1 & art acqua9t$ ) all my ways4 ,= !re is n a ^w 9 my tongue1 b lo1 ,o ,"l1 ,?\ kn[e/ x altoge!r4 ,! fir/ condition ( a moral gov]nm5t is f\nd 9 ! ne>ness1 ! contiguity ( ,god to e human s\l1 & ! imm$iate & infallible k :i* ,he consequ5tly mu/ possess ( e human ?\ght & act4 #b4 ,! relation betwe5 ,god & man is a relation ( imman5cy4 ,9 ,him we live & move & are 71 h consci\s be+74 ,our life1 our p[]1 our consci\sness are f ,god1 ?r\gh ,god1 & 9 ,god4 ,?is relation is manife/ly some?+ m imm$iate ?an ! relation ( contiguity4 ,x is ! pres5t1 in/ant1 ceaseless relation ( ,div9e effici5cy4 ,?is is involv$ 9 ! v idea ( ! creature4 ,if man is ! creature ( ,god1 he has n only 8 beg9n+1 b 8 cont9uance ( exi/5ce by a real & imm$iate causality4 ,god alone possesses true life--life 9 ,himself--,he alone is really self-exi/5t1 our life & our be+ are cont9ually d]iv$ f ,him4 ,if we 7 )\t ,god1 & entirely isolat$ f ,him1 we c\ld n live or move or ev5 exi/4 ,god is e :]e1 n virtually b actually4 ,he p]vades & int]p5etrates all exi/5ces )\t displac+ !m 9 space or di/urb+ _! op]ations4 ,8 inf9ite ess5ce und]lies all ! pr9ciples & p[]s ( all creat$ exi/5ces2 !y all move )9 ! range ( 8 pres5ce1 & act )9 ! sph]e ( 8 en]gy4 ,& ,god is n only pres5t imm$iately to man1 b 8 mighty w su/a9s man 9 exi/5ce e mom5t1 vitaliz+ 8 organism1 end[+ him ) p[]1 illum9at+ 8 reason1 & inspir+ him ) k4 ,god is imman5t 9 man1 & man is imman5t 9 ,god4 ,to u !re is b "o ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ( :om are all ?+s1 & we 9 ,him4#dih--,"o ,god & ,fa!r ( all1 :o is above all1 & ?r\gh all1 & 9 y all4#dii--,! same ,god :o worke? all 9 all4#ejj ,our life is f ,god & 9 ,god4 ,our p[] to en]gize is f ,god & con/antly su/a9$ by ,god4 ,we consci\sly "k 9 & ?r\gh ,god1 :o s illum9ates our reason t we c int]pret ! symbolism ( nature4 ,god tea*e? man k4 ,he give? wisdom to ! wise & prud5ce to m5 ( und]/&+4 ,!re is a _s 9 man1 & ! inspiration ( ! ,almighty give? him und]/&+4 ,! reason ( man is a beam ( ! et]nal reason4 ,! _s ( a man is ! c&le ( ! ,"l4 ,all good desires1 all noble impulses1 all p[] to resi/ temptation & p]=m h]oic acts ( endurance & suff]+1 are f ,god4 ,e good & e p]fect gift come? d[n f above1 f ! ,fa!r ( ,lights4#eja ,! con/ant1 ceaseless dep5d5ce ( all rational exi/5ce on ,god = vitality1 = p[]1 & = consci\sness mu/ be ma9ta9$1 if we w\ld be fai?ful to ! pla9 language ( ,scripture4 ,we are aw>e t fe>s ( a pan!i/ic p]v]sion has l$ "s m51 )\t reason1 to ref9e ^u ! language ( ,scripture4 ,by ! expression 9 ,him 7 71 we are1 !y say1 to und]/& ) ,him4 ,b does n mean ) ,him or ?r\gh ,him4 ,! mo/ natural grammatical con/ruction is 9 ,him1 & ?is suits be/ ! logical connection4 ,! ,uncreat$ is ! only self-exi/5t be+4 ,all o!r exi/5ces are d]iv$ & dep5d5t1 & !re=e c n be self-exi/5t4 ,! ,supreme c n communicate ! attribute ( self-exi/5ce any m ?an ! attribute ( inf9ity4 ,a f9ite exi/5ce c n be at once dep5d5t & indep5d5t4 ,( m9d1 z well z ( matt]1 x is equally true t ! sole gr\nd ( its cont9u+ to be1 z well z its beg9n+ to be1 is 9 ! ,almighty w & p[] directly & ceaselessly put =?4 ,! direct ag5cy ( ,god su/a9+ consci\s life is a univ]sal1 con/ant1 pr(\nd reality4#ejb ,x may be object$ t 9 ma9ta9+ ^! views we are 9 dang] ( sacrific+ ! p]sonality ( man4 ,x may be ask$1 ,h[ c we su/a9 ! anti!sis betwe5 ! ,i & ,?\ ( a comm&m5t or ( a pray]8 ,h[ c we reconcile human self-det]m9ation ) absolute dep5d5ce ^u ,god8 ,h[ c we conceive ! possibility ( s9--! possibility ( a creature dep5d5t e mom5t on ,god = p[]1 act+ 9 opposition to ! m9d & w ( ,god8 ,^! are que/ions ( pr(\nd significance2 !y are also que/ions ( extreme difficulty4 ,our reason /agg]s "u _! weight4 ,we tremble 9 ! pres5ce ( ! my/]y ( evil4 ,x is obvi\s t ^! que/ions involve ! deep] "q z to ! causal connection ( ,god ) 8 creation1 :i* all m5 confess is an insoluble & imp5etrable my/]y4 ,! feel+ ( dep5d5ce on ! "o h&1 z well z ! s5se ( p]sonal p[] & fre$om on ! o!r1 are primitive facts ( consci\sness4 ,t we live & move & h our be+ 9 ,god1 & t we h a real det]m9ate selfhood1 a f9ite p]sonality1 a responsible _s-life1 are bo? affirm$ 9 ,scripture4 ,t a holy ,god made ! _w1 & /ill actually upholds x2 & t s91 z lawlessness 771 z a real antagonism to ! w & nature ( ,god1 exi/s 9 8 _w1 c n be d5i$ by ,*ri/ian m54 ,^! are equally tru?s4 ,to our conception1 !y may appe> anti!tical1 if n contradictory4 ,b tru? is (t5 ( a dual "*2 l ! magnet1 x may h opposite poles4 ,& _m ( ! diff]5ces :i* agitate ! _w are (t5 to be trac$ to ! exclusiv5ess ) :i* diff]5t p>ties affirm "o half ( ! duality 9 =getfulness ( ! o!r half4 ,we mu/ accept bo? aspects ( ! tru?1 ev5 ?\gh we c n at pres5t effect _! real conciliation 9 ?\ght1 & wait = fur!r light4 ,a pr(\nd fai? 9 ! unity ( all tru? w inspire ! hope t reason may yet atta9 to ultimate pr9ciples 9 :i* %all be f\nd ! h>mony ( facts & subord9ate pr9ciples t to-day seem irreconcilable4 ,und]ly+ ! above app>5tly anti!tical tru?s we c ev5 n[ dimly disc]n /ill m fundam5tal pr9ciples :i* prophesy a solution4 ,if ,div9e ,love w t !re %all be o!r exi/5ces :o %all resemble ,god1 & be capable ( fell[%ip ) ,him 9 k & 9 love--9 o!r words1 %all be p]fect s f> z is consi/5t ) ! notion ( dep5d5t exi/5ce--^! be+s mu/ h a real selfhood1 a consci\s p]sonality1 a condition$ fre$om4 ,= imp]sonal be+1 ev5 ?\gh x may by its absolute dep5d5ce reveal ! et]nal p[]1 & 9 "s degree reflect ! ?\ght ( ,god1 c n 9 any s5se be ! image ( ,god1 :o is absolute ,p]sonality4 ,above all1 t :i* c n "k itself1 c n "k ,god1 & c n love ,god4 ,t :i* c n freely det]m9e itself1 c n obey ,god or resemble ,god4 ,! highe/ =m ( _s-life is ! consci\s return1 by a free id5tification1 ( e delegat$ p[] into h>mony ) its s\rce4 ,real be+ & real life 9 ,god mu/ !re=e involve1 n only a consci\sness ( dep5d5ce & obligation1 b also self-consci\sness & self-det]m9ation4 ,resemblance to ,god & fell[%ip ) ,god are possible only ?r\gh ^! fundam5tal elem5ts ( p]sonality4 ,moral union requires dynamical sep>ation4 ,& because ,god wills ?is highe/ unity1 ,he creates ! highe/ individuality1 & gives be+ to a w "u concessions ( fre$om4 ,we conceive ( ! ,div9e cons]vation ( ! _w & man z ! simple1 univ]sal1 uni=m effici5cy ( ,god :i* su/a9s ! creat$ p[]s 9 e mom5t ( _! activity1 & !reby keeps !m b\nd to ,himself4 ,z su* x makes itself ! basis ( all individual effici5cies 9 ! life & movem5t ( ! _w1 )\t inde$ itself1 z su*1 giv+ to ! effici5cy ( creaturely p[]s any p>ticul> direction4 ,! cons]v+ activity ( ,god moves 9 pre>rang$ l9es1 & accord+ to laws & measures det]m9$ by ! inf9ite wisdom ( ,god1 & cons]ves1 !re=e1 all individual exi/5ce only )9 ! b\nd>ies :i* are fix$ by ^! arrangem5ts1 & ?r\gh ! relations ( ! p[]s ( ! _w4 ,?us z ! _w-cons]v+ activity ( ,god leaves all creatures j z x f9ds !m1 & equally embraces irrational z well z rational be+s1 ! evil z well z ! good 7,matt4 v4 #de71 x c 9 n[ise remove ! answ]abl5ess ( man = 8 s9s1 or 9 any way tak+ "p 9 ! same4 ,! _w-cons]v+ effici5cy ( ,god su/a9s man e mom5t 9 be+1 & conditions ! activity ( 8 moral p[]s ev5 :5 !y are ex]t$ 9 an evil *oice1 j z x su/a9s ! univ]se accord+ to a pr$et]m9$ plan & 9 h>mony ) fix$ laws2 b x does n !reby give to ! activity ( ! moral creature any det]m9ate direction :atev]1 ei!r good or evil4 ,! g5]al p[] to w & d is receiv$ imm$iately & con/antly f ,god1 b x is a delegation ( p[] "u concessions ( fre$om & conditions ( acc\ntability4 ,! specific det]m9ations ( t p[] are f man himself4 ,he may give an evil direction to 8 d]iv$ & dep5d5t activities1 & ?us commit s94 ,! responsibility = t evil det]m9ation re/s ^u himself alone1 ev5 ?\gh he is e mom5t p]vad$ & su/a9$ by ! cons]v+ effici5cy ( ,god4 ,alt]native p[] is a tal5t loan$ out by ,god to man4 ,b x is a tal5t :i* /ill belongs to ,god1 = ! prop] or improp] use ( :i* man is acc\ntable4 ,x has be5 urg$ by ! capti\s critic1 :o w\ld fa9 ca/ ^u ,god all responsibility = ! pres5ce ( evil 9 ! _w1 t if ,god does n actually det]m9e ! evil1 ,he delegates to man ! p[] to actualize evil2 let ,him only refuse 8 cons]v+ effici5cy to ! w ( man1 & ?us prev5t ! evil6 ,! reckless objector kn[e? n :at he sai?4 ,9 ord] to r5d] evil impossible1 x is dem&$ t ,god %all rob man ( 8 p]sonality1 & degrade him to ! level ( imp]sonal nature2 = ! possibility ( evil is insep>able f ! notion ( free1 self-det]m9$ exi/5ce4 ,! mom5t>y )drawm5t ( ! cons]v+ activity ( ,god f ! moral creature 7 ! imm$iate annihilation ( its exi/5ce4#ejc ,lib]ty is n only a good1 b x is ! necess>y condition ( all goodness4 ,x is ! sph]e ( all great virtues1 noble de$s1 & h]oic acts4 ,!re c be no virtue1 no praisewor?9ess1 no godlik5ess1 no real felicity1 :]e !re is no fre$om4 ,%all we reproa* ,god = hav+ made u free p]sonalities8 ,%all we compla9 because ,god has honor$ u by committ+ to u a sacr$ tru/1 & plac$ our happ9ess & well-be+ l>gely "u our own control8 ,:o w\ld surr5d] 8 consci\s p[] & fre$om1 & sacrifice ! inf9ite possibilities ( good :i* lie be=e him1 to escape ! possibility ( failure & suff]+ & defeat8 ,w any rational man ex*ange 8 position = t ( ! ant or ! beav]8 ,:at1 exclaims ,r\sseau1 to r5d] man incapable ( evil1 w\ld we h him l[]$ to m]e brute in/9ct8 ,no6 ,god ( my s\l1 ,i w n reproa* ,!e = hav+ made me 9 ?9e image1 s t ,i might be good & free & happy l ,?yself4 ,! ceaseless dep5d5ce ( man on ! cons]v+ effici5cy ( ,god imposes ^u him ! obligation to det]m9e himself1 & to regulate 8 action 9 con=mity ) ! w ( ,god4 ,"h1 !n1 we h f\nd a /ill deep] gr\nd = moral gov]nm5t4 #c4 ,! relation ( ,god to man is a relation ( pat]nity2 ! relation ( man to ,god is a relation ( *ild%ip4 ,we are 8 (fspr+2 & z ! (fspr+ ( ,god we mu/ h a k9dr$ nature1 &1 9 "s s5se1 resemble ,god4 ,god is ! ,fa!r ( ! human _s by no m]e figure ( spee*1 b by a ,div9e reality2 & man1 9 virtue ( t rational & spiritual nature inbrea!d &1 z x 71 begott5 )9 him by ! ,et]nal ,^w ( ,god1 is ! lik5ess & image ( ,god4 ,x is "o ( ! *angeless laws ( all d]iv$ & dep5d5t exi/5ce t ! (fspr+ %all resemble ! p>5t4 ,& j z e se$ mu/ produce its own k9d1 j z e (fspr+ mu/ be ( ! same species z its p>5t1 s mu/ man be> ! image ( ,god4#ejd ,?is image ( ,god c h no ref]5ce to ! body ( man1 nor to any qualities or attributes :i* belong to matt]4 ,_s is ! only ?+ :i* does be> or is capable ( be>+ any resemblance to ,god4 ,! all-p]vad+ p]sonality ( ,god is mirror$ 9 ! f9ite p]sonality ( man4 ,! f\r gr& elem5ts ( p]sonality are intellig5ce1 w1 affection1 & consci5ce1 & ^! 9 man reflect ! "* ( ,god4 ,elevat$ to absolute p]fection1 !y become ! augu/ attributes ( ,omnisci5ce1 ,omnipot5ce1 ,all-lov+ness1 & ,all-hol9ess4 ,"o ,god1 says ,c\s91 is d\btless ! au?or ( ! _w1 & z 8 workman%ip x mu/ reflect1 9 "s measure1 8 p]fections4 ,b ,he is especially ! ,fa!r ( humanity4 ,8 intellig5ce & 8 p]sonality are !re=e ( ! same k9d ) our intellig5ce & our p]sonality1 to :i* we add inf9ity by a necess>y law ( ?\ght4 ,s t our k1 our fre$om1 our *>ity1 our ju/ice1 give u ! idea ( ,div9e wisdom1 ,div9e fre$om1 ,div9e ju/ice1 & ,div9e *>ity4#eje ,^! conclusions ( philosophy are 9 /rik+ h>mony ) ! positive /atem5ts ( ,scripture4 ,"h we are taught t ! image ( ,god 9 man consi/s 9 p[]1 k1 righte\sness1 & b5evol5ce 77#ejf--1 f k9d1 m]ciful1 b5evol5t4 ,inasmu*1 !n1 z man is ! (fspr+ ( ,god1 he may "k t ,god is1 & he may1 9 "s measure at lea/1 "k :at ,god is1 & :at are ! duties :i* he owes to ,god4 ,selfhood or p]sonality 9 man is ! primordial g]m ( ! idea ( ,god4 ,! self-consci\sness1 ! intellig5ce1 ! free activity1 ! pot5tial righte\sness & *>ity ( man mu/ h _! orig9 9 a cause :i* is itself a full & adequate explanation4 ,we accept ! anci5t philosophic maxim ex nihilo nihil1 & apply x rigor\sly to ! case 9 h&4 ,t :i* is c n h aris5 out ( t :i* is n4 ,out ( no?+ no?+ c arise4 ,consci\sness c n arise out ( unconsci\sness4 ,reason c n arise out ( unreason4 ,self-activity c n arise out ( absolute passivity & et]nal re/4 ,ju/ice1 righte\sness1 *>ity1 c n be g5]at$ f brute matt]1 or born 9 ! abyss ( no?+ness4 ,! ,creator ( man1 ( ! reason t is 9 man1 ( ! moral lib]ty ( man1 ( ! ideas ( ju/ice & b5evol5ce :i* dwell 9 ! consci5ce ( man1 mu/ ,himself be intellig5t1 free1 j1 & good4 ,su* is ! logic ( ,scripture & ( common-s5se4 ,he t plant$ ! e>1 %all ,he n he>8 ,he t =m$ ! eye1 %all ,he n see8 ,he t *a/ise? ! hea!n1 %all n ,he correct8 ,he t tea*e? man k1 %all n ,he "k8 ,he t made man a s5ti5t1 p]cipi5t1 self-consci\s p]sonality1 %all n ,he be p]cipi5t & self-consci\s8 ,he t ha? giv5 man reason1 is ,he n ! ,et]nal ,reason8 ,he t ha? plant$ 9 ! he>ts ( m5 ! pr9ciples ( ju/ice1 mu/ n ,he be a righte\s ,be+8 ,he t inspires man ) compassion1 mu/ n 8 nature be ,love8 ,if ! ,fir/ ,cause be de/itute ( ^! qualities1 !n = u1 at lea/1 ,he is z ?\gh ,he 7 n4 ,he is a ?\s& times inf]ior to u--inf]ior ev5 9 8 inf9ity & 8 et]nity to "o h\r ( our f9ite exi/5ce1 if dur+ t fugitive h\r we c "k & ?9k & love4 ,a f9ite moral p]sonality1 ev5 ?\gh x be ! mo/ p]fect =m ( dep5d5t exi/5ce1 po9ts1 ) an infallible logic1 to a be+ beyond & above itself1 & sugge/s an ,inf9ite ,p]sonality :o is absolute p]fection--t is1 a ,be+ ( p]fect k1 p]fect fre$om1 p]fect righte\sness1 & p]fect love4 ,?is community ( nature betwe5 man & ,god is n only ! gr\nd & condition ( our kn[+ ,god1 b x is also ! liv+1 ev]la/+ bond :i* holds man to ,god1 ev5 9 8 s9s4 ,x involves mu* m ?an obligation--obligation to an omnipot5t ,ma/]1 & submission to an omnipres5t ,"l4 ,su* s5se ( obligation may be develop$ )9 ! sph]e ( in/9ctive & unreason+ life4 ,b ! k9%ip ( s\ls to ,god br+s man )9 ! sph]e ( moral life1 ) its et]nal & immutable laws4 ,x end[s man ) ! p[] & imposes ^u him ! duty to rev]5ce1 adore1 & love ! heav5ly ,fa!r4 ,wond]ful & awful1 ?is idea ( ! pat]nity ( ,god & ! *ild%ip ( human s\ls6 ,?is pat]nity ( ,god is sugge/ive at once ( ! highe/ =m ( au?ority & ! mo/ sacr$ =m ( duty t c be conceiv$ by ! human m9d4 ,! p[] ( a sov]eign1 h[ev] ext5sive x may be1 is1 aft] all1 only conv5tional2 x admits ( be+ circumscrib$ or susp5d$4444 ,all e>?ly =ms ( au?ority1 :i* belong to ! political1 civil1 or social relation ( m51 are accid5tal & (ficial1 creat$ by m5 = _! own purposes1 & may be modifi$ or aboli%$ by ! p[] t creat$ !m4 ,b ! au?ority ( a fa!r ov] 8 *ild is f\nd$ 9 nature & e/abli%$ by ,god4 ,?is is n a volunt>y arrangem5t among m5 !mselves1 :i* !y are at lib]ty to cont9ue or to t]m9ate z !y please2 b1 on ! contr>y1 x is a ,div9e con/itution4 ,su* au?ority z a fa!r possesses ov] 8 *ild--s natural1 s real1 s ,div9e--no human be+ besides c possess ov] ano!r4 ,?is1 accord+ly1 is ! select$ type ( ! supreme rights ( ,god1 & ( ! ess5tial sov]eignty :i* belongs to ! ,fa!r ( m9ds4 ,no o!r expla9s1 z ?is does1 ! f\ndation & nature ( ,div9e au?ority4 ,!re are1 inde$1 o!r t]ms :i* indicate ! m]e fact ( sov]eignty 9 ,god1 & d s m po9t$ly & directly ?an ?is4 ,= example3 ,he is comp>$ to a k+--a "n :i* belongs to ! highe/ secul> (fice & ! highe/ secul> au?ority on e>?4 ',! ,"l is k+ =ev]4' ,8 creatures are 8 subjects2 ,he gives !m wise & righte\s laws1 & !y mu/ answ] to ,him = ob$i5ce & disob$i5ce4 ,! comp>ison is obvi\sly j up to a c]ta9 limit2 b x is obvi\s t 9 _m ess5tial respects x entirely fails4 ,! k+ & 8 p are connect$ toge!r only by "o bond--t ( au?ority & correspond+ subjection4 ,! relation is purely a cont+5t relation1 & may be ma9ta9$ by arbitr>y p[]4 ,b ! relation betwe5 ,god & 8 rational creatures is a natural & a necess>y relation4 ,all t is d5ot$ by ! ^w k+--au?ority1 p[]1 law--is really conta9$ 9 ! ^w fa!r2 b !re is mu* m convey$ 9 ! ^w fa!r ?an c be possibly express$ by ! ^w k+4 ,god is a k+1 b ,he is a ,fa!r-k+2 8 subjects are 8 own *ildr51 & 8 gov]nm5t ( !m--9 its orig91 its _s1 its laws1 & ev5 its p5alties--is /rictly pat]nal4 ,god's k+%ip is a figure1 8 fa!rhood is ! pr(\nde/ reality4#ejg ,?is correlation betwe5 ! _s ( man & ! _s ( ,god is ! liv+ indissoluble bond :i* has ev] held1 & %all =ev] hold ! he>ts ( m5 to ! liv+ ,god4 ,humanity has n be5 en*a9$ to ! ?rone ( ,god by s]vile fe>1 & held 9 subjection to 8 gov]nm5t by ! dread ( future puni%m5t4 ,fe> nev] made m5 virtu\s1 nev] c insure virtue4 ,man has be5 held to ,god by spiritual aff9ities & a consci\s k9%ip4 ,m5 h always felt t ! ,rul] ( ! _w is m]ciful & j1 & t 8 claim ^u _! allegiance & loyal ob$i5ce is reasonable & "r4 ,!re=e !y h 9 all ages hop$ 9 8 m]cy1 & confid$ 9 ! righte\sness ( 8 adm9i/ration4 ,?is has be5 ! consolation ( ! wise & good 9 seasons ( dang] & adv]sity4 ,to ?is ,be+ innoc5ce & weakness "u oppression & wrong h made _! pr\d appeal1 l t ( ,prome!us to ! elem5ts1 to ! witness+ _w1 to com+ ages1 to ! j e> ( ,heav54 ,:51 !re=e1 ,paul at ,a!ns ann\nc$ t ,god is n f> f any "o ( u1 = 9 ,him we live & move & are1 he t\*$ a *ord :i* vibrat$ 9 e he>t4 ,= 9 e age m5 h _h a pres5tim5t ( "s ne>] relation to ,god ?an ! re/ ( creation--a relation n ( dep5d5ce only1 b ( k9%ip & son%ip4 ,9 mom5ts ( deep feel+ ! poets1 :o are ! be/ int]pret]s ( nature1 h giv5 oracul> utt]ance to ! native feel+ ( ! human he>t3 ,we are all ?9e (fspr+1 ,! image & ! e*o ( ?y et]nal voice4--,,clean!s4 ,all ne$ 8 aid1 8 p[] su/a9s u all-- ,= we 8 (fspr+ are4--,,aratus4 ,f9ally1 z ! spiritual nature ( man is d]iv$ f & correlat$ to ,god1 he may become inw>dly consci\s ( ! ,div9e favor1 or may be s5sible ( ! ,div9e displeasure4 ,^! are ! sanctions ( ! moral law--! rew>d & ! p5alty aw>d$ to m54 ,! smile ( ,god is heav51 ! fr[n ( ,god is hell4 ,"h we h f\nd ! deepe/ gr\nd ( a ,div9e gov]nm5t--! pat]nity ( ,god4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,moral ,,gov]nm5t4 ,,ii4 ,,its ,,nature1 ,,conditions1 ,,me?od1 ,,& ,,end4 ,! times ( ?is ignorance ,god ov]look$1 b n[ comm&e? all m5 e :]e to rep5t2 because ,he ha? appo9t$ a day 9 ! :i* ,he w judge ! _w 9 righte\sness4--,,/4 ,,paul4 ,! relations exi/+ betwe5 ,god & man1 especially ! correlations ( pat]nity & filiation1 con/itute ! ultimate f\ndations ( ,moral ,gov]nm5t4 ,?is is ! conclusion ( ! prec$+ discussion4 ,if ,god is intimately ne> to man--if ,he is imman5t 9 man1 & man is imman5t 9 ,god--if ,god is ! ,fa!r ( ! human _s1 & man ! (fspr+ ( ,god1 !n man mu/ be> "s resemblance to ,god--he mu/ h a spiritual & immortal nature1 mu/ be a free p]sonality1 mu/ be capable ( kn[+ & lov+ ,god1 & !re=e mu/ be "u solemn responsibility to ,god1 & )9 ! sph]e ( ! et]nal & immutable laws ( moral life2 9 a ^w1 he mu/ be ! subject ( moral gov]nm5t4 ,we proce$ n[ to consid]1 m especially1 ! nature1 ! conditions1 ! me?ods1 & ! ends ( moral gov]nm5t4 ,i4 ,! nature ( moral gov]nm5t4--,gov]nm5t1 9 g5]al1 is control--control ) a view to ! ma9t5ance ( ord]4 ,?is may be effect$ by direct coaction or =ceful compulsion2 or by ! reaction ( natural consequ5ces2 or by ! p]vasive influ5ce ( moral motives4 ,! fir/ is con/ra9t1 ! second is re/ra9t1 ! ?ird is au?oritative direction4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 di/+ui% betwe5 physical1 natural1 & moral gov]nm5t4 ,! physical gov]nm5t ( ,god is ! absolute control :i* ,he ex]cises ov] ! mat]ial creation4 ,he is ! ,f\nta9-head ( all ! =ces1 & ! ,au?or ( all ! laws accord+ to :i* passive1 unconsci\s matt] is resi/lessly impell$2 & because 8 p[] & wisdom are inf9ite1 & 8 purposes are immutable1 !re=e mat]ial nature is uni=m1 & !re is an all-p]vad+ ord] 9 ! physical _w4 ,! natural gov]nm5t ( ,god is t con/itution ( nature1 & ( man 9 s f> z he is a "p ( nature1 by :i* ! s5sations ( pleasure & pa9 result directly & necess>ily f ! actions ( man2 & inasmu* z he is able by an induction f exp]i5ce to =esee ^! consequ5ces1 & to det]m9e 8 own conduct 9 view ( !m1 !y are n improp]ly call$ rew>ds & puni%m5ts4 ,?us x is f\nd by exp]i5ce t disease & suff]+ result f acts ( intemp]ance & lic5ti\sness1 & m5 are re/ra9$ f ! commission ( ^! acts by ! fe> ( _! =ese5 results4 ,?is is control by ! reaction ( natural consequ5ces 9 t int]m$iate sph]e :i* we may designate ! physico-moral ord] ( ! _w4 ,! moral gov]nm5t ( ,god is t k9d ( control :i* a wise & virtu\s p>5t ex]cises ov] 8 family1 or a j & equitable magi/rate ov] 8 subjects4#ejh ,x is a gov]nm5t by laws or rules address$ to ! reason1 by moral motives :i* appeal to ! consci5ce1 & by moral sanctions :i* appeal to ! emotions4 ,x is a con/itution 9 :i* ,god has decl>$ 8 w to man1 & taught him1 prior to ! exp]i5ce ( retributive consequ5ces1 :at is "r & :at is wrong2 a con/itution "u :i* man is end[$ ) ! capacity ( p]ceiv+ ! inh]5t righte\sness ( ! ,div9e law1 ( feel+ ! imp]ative claims ( duty1 & ( appreh5d+ a future retribution1 & also a real causative p[] ( self-det]m9ation & *oice4 ,f9ally1 x is an economy 9 :i* ample scope is af=d$ = ! developm5t ( responsible "*4 ,x is a probation 9 :i* !re are te/s & temptations1 9 :i* =be>ance is ex]cis$ & consequ5ces are delay$1 9 :i* rem$ial ag5cies are pli$ & opportunities are af=d$ = rep5tance & re=mation1 & 9 ! f9al consummation ( :i* virtu\s "* %all receive its meet rew>d1 & s9ful "* its m]it$ puni%m5t4 ,?is is ! ideal ord] ( moral life4 ,?is tw(old di/9ction betwe5 ! physical & ! spiritual1 & betwe5 ! natural & ! moral1 runs ?r\gh ! entire doma9 ( exi/5ce & action1 ( be+ & becom+4 ,! t]ms physical & spiritual are employ$ z collective t]ms to connote ! ess5tial1 *angeless1 & p]man5t attributes ( c]ta9 entities or realities :i* are reg>d$ z ultimate1 viz41 matt] & _s4 ,! attributes ( matt] are ext5sion1 divisibility1 absolute incompressibility1 & in]tia2 ! attributes ( _s are s5sitivity1 reason1 p[]1 spontaneity1 & memory4 ,! t]m physical is fur!r employ$ to d5ote c]ta9 affections ( matt]--t is1 me*anical effects :i* are ! result ( ! action ( =ce ^u matt]4 ,x is true we (t5 speak ( physical =ces1 z ?\gh =ce 7 an ess5tial attribute ( matt]4 ,b ?is is "o ( ! _m ambiguities ( language4 ,all t we mean by physical =ce is a =ce :i* acts ^u matt]1 & produces 9 ! motions & collocations ( matt] its appropriate effects4#eji ,_s-=ce is ! only =ce 9 ! univ]se2 all t our physical sci5ce deals ) is =ms ( en]gy :i* h _! orig9 9 =ce4 ,m9d1 says ,dr4 ,c>p5t]1 is ! "o & only s\rce ( p[]4#eaj ,! t]ms natural & moral are employ$ to d5ote opposite modes ( action & classes ( effects4 ,9 ! "o case ! mode ( action is fix$ & uni=m1 & ! effect is necess>y2 9 ! o!r case ! mode ( action is free & volitional1 & ! effect is cont+5t & v>iable4 ,! fir/ is ! ord] ( nature :]e =ce reigns1 ! second is ! ord] ( moral life :]e fre$om prevails4 ,:atev] is compris$ 9 ! *a9 & me*anism ( cause & effect1 ( c\rse necessitat$1 & hav+ its necessity 9 "s o!r ?+ antec$5t or concurr5t1 ?is is said to be natural1 & ! aggregate & sy/em ( all su* ?+s is nature4#eaa ,:ile1 on ! contr>y1 t :i* lies )9 ! ag5t's p[]1 & to :i* he det]m9es himself by an act ( free *oice2 & especially t :i* ! ag5t kn[s he ought to d1 & 9 *oos+ :i* he is consci\s ( p[] to put =?1 9 ! same un*ang$ circum/ances1 a diff]5t volition in/ead1 is call$ moral4 ,?us does morality comm5ce ) ! sacr$ di/9ction betwe5 ?+ & p]son4 ,on ?is di/9ction all legislation1 human & ,div9e1 proce$s4 ,t :i* fundam5tally di/+ui%es a p]son f a m]e ?+ ( nature is free causality--t is1 ! p[] or immunity to put =? 9 ! same circum/ances ei!r ( sev]al volitions4 ,a ?+ is unconsci\s1 involunt>y1 & p[]less1 & consequ5tly limit$ to "o sole possible ev5tuation4 ,a ?+ has no responsibility = its movem5ts1 :i* x has n will$1 & ( ! nature & consequ5ces ( :i* x is ignorant4 ,a p]son alone is responsible1 because he is intellig5t & free2 t is1 he c =esee ! consequ5ces ( 8 action1 & freely det]m9es himself to its p]=mance4 ,a ?+ has no dignity2 dignity atta*es only to p]sonality4 ,p]sonality is inali5able1 sacr$1 & inviolable2 x c n be abrogat$1 surr5d]$1 or transf]r$1 & x dem&s to be respect$4 ,9 a ^w1 x has bo? duties & rights1 :ile ?+s h nei!r4#eab ,?us d we f9d t all dignity1 all sacr$ness1 all responsibility1 all morality belong to & are pr$icable only ( ! p]sonal be+1 because intellig5ce & fre$om are ! ess5tial mom5ts ( p]sonality4 ,fur!rmore1 ! sph]e ( ! moral is to be det]m9$ by ano!r important limitation4 ,n all ! actions ( m5 are p]sonal & responsible acts4 ,s5sation is n a volunt>y op]ation4 ,:5 ! ext]nal object is br\ght into prop] relation ) ! animat$ organism1 p]ception necess>ily occurs4 ,! intuitive app]ceptions ( ! reason are imp]sonal2 :5 a *ange transpires1 ! reason necess>ily affirms ! exi/5ce ( a cause4 ,reflex n]v\s action is involunt>y4 ,_m muscul> movem5ts are spontane\s1 b n volitional4 ,a responsible action is an int5tional action--t is1 an act p]=m$ to realize an end :i* lies )9 ! ag5t's contemplation4 ,spontaneity or self-det]m9ation only !reby becomes w4 ,a moral act is consequ5tly a prem$itat$1 int5tional1 volunt>y act1 & ! m]it or dem]it ( an ag5t is z 8 actual int5tion4 ,! la/ & mo/ important limitation ( ! moral sph]e is to ^? volunt>y actions :i* h relation to p]sonality1 human & ,div9e4 ,! peculi> di/9ction ( moral actions1 moral "*1 moral pr9ciples1 moral habits1 z contra/$ ) ! intellectual & o!r p>ts ( man's nature1 lies 9 ?is1 t !y always imply a relation betwe5 two p]sons4#eac ,morality is ! relation ( p]son to p]son4 ,we sum up :at has be5 said 9 ! prec$+ p>agraphs 9 ^! words3 ,! moral gov]nm5t ( ,god is a legislation :i* has respect to p]sonality1 especially ! relations ( p]son to p]son2 & x is an adm9i/ration "u :i* ! subjects h p[] to resi/ & violate its requirem5ts1 b :i* is provid$ ) ample means to v9dicate its au?ority1 & ma9ta9 ! moral ord] ( ! univ]se4 ,,ii4 ,! subjective conditions ( moral gov]nm5t4--,x w be app>5t f :at has be5 already said t ! foll[+ conditions are ess5tial to moral gov]nm5t3 7#a47 ,! subject ( moral gov]nm5t mu/ be intellig5t4 ,he mu/ be able to und]/& ! ,div9e requirem5ts1 to p]ceive _! inh]5t rightness1 & to feel ! s5se ( obligation to comply !re)4 ,he mu/ also be susceptible ( c]ta9 pleasurable or pa9ful emotions :i* foll[ z ! direct consequ5ces ( 8 actions1 & secure an adequate retribution4 ,9 a ^w1 he mu/ h a moral consci\sness1 or1 briefly1 a consci5ce4 7#b47 ,! subject ( moral gov]nm5t mu/ be a free p[]4 ,he mu/ be ! effici5t cause ( 8 own action1 & he mu/ be consci\s ( ?is p[] ( self-det]m9ation--t is1 he mu/ be consci\s ( p[] to put =?1 9 ! same un*ang$ circum/ances1 ei!r ( sev]al volitions4 ,9 %ort1 he mu/ h a free w4 ,^!1 !n1 are ! ess5tial conditions ( moral ag5cy--! possession ( a consci5ce1 & ! p[] to obey or disobey ! requirem5ts ( moral law4 ,bo? ^! conditions ( acc\ntability exi/ 9 man4 ,by virtue ( 8 con/itution z a spiritual be+ made 9 ! image ( ,god1 he is capable ( p]ceiv+ :at is inh]5tly "r1 j1 & good4 ,8 reason intuitively appreh5ds ! good1 & affirms ! imp]ative obligation to *oose ! good4 ,8 judgm5t pron\nces ^u ! relation ( human conduct to ! law ( "r1 affirm+ man has or has n done "r4 ,& 8 emotive nature yields him complac5ce & joy z ! rew>d ( well-do+1 or inflicts pa9 & remorse z ! puni%m5t ( wrong-do+4 ,9 ! words ( ,*alm]s1 he is end[$ ) a consci5ce :i* p]=ms )9 8 bosom all ! (fices ( a lawgiv] & a judge4 ,! possession ( ?is faculty necess>ily supposes ! exi/5ce ( p[] 9 ! ag5t to comply or n to comply ) its behe/s4 ,a moral law is design$ only = ! gov]nm5t ( a free be+1 & no?+ is moral or immoral :i* is n volunt>y4 ,if !re is no self-det]m9ation1 !re is no prop] p]sonality to :i* ! law ( reason c atta*4 ,remorse1 on ! "o h&1 satisfaction on ! o!r1 are emotions :i* are inconceivable & impossible 9 a be+ :o is n consci\sly free4 ,! nature & au?ority ( consci5ce is a "q :i* is e>ne/ly discuss$4 ,among philosoph]s & !ologians !re are div]se & conflict+ op9ions4 ,x has be5 v>i\sly *>act]iz$ z a witness ( our pa/ actions2 z a judgm5t pass$ ^u our actions2 or z a feel+ aris+ 9 view ( our actions4 ,by "o1 consci5ce is reg>d$ z an appetite--a crav+ = ! "r1 b n a faculty intuitively p]ceiv+ ! "r4 ,ano!r def9es x z a capacity & a t5d5cy to inquire into duty1 b n z supply+ a law ( duty4#ead ,:ile a ?ird reg>ds x z a /ate ( ! s5sibility--a simple feel+1 emotion1 or vivid s5tim5t :i* arises imm$iately 9 ! m9d 9 pres5ce ( c]ta9 actions1 & to :i* we give ! "n ( moral approbation4#eae ,^! def9itions ( consci5ce may all be reg>d$ z conta9+ "s tru?4 ,!y are all defective1 h[ev]1 9 ?is "o respect--!y fail to recognize an int]nal law :i* con/itutes a subjective /&>d ( "r1 & an intuitive p]ception ( moral di/9ctions & qualities 9 human action4 ,z an essay t[>d a cle>] appreh5sion ( ! nature ( consci5ce1 we pres5t ! foll[+ propositions3 #a4 ,consci5ce is n a di/9ct faculty ( ! m9d4 ,consci5ce 7consci5tia jo9t or d\ble k7 is ! k ( self 9 relation to a kn[n law ( "r & wrong4 ,consci5ce & consci\sness may !re=e be reg>d$ z1 9 "s respects1 id5tical4 ,! t]ms 9 _! etymology & _! g5]al import are synonym\s4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a te*nical di/9ction to be made4 ,consci\sness expresses self-k 9 g5]al4 ,consci5ce expresses self-k relative to responsibility4 ,consci\sness is ! recognition by ! ?9k+ subject ( its own /ates & affections4 ,consci5ce is ! k ( an act or an affection z hav+ "s moral quality--z be+ "r or wrong4 #b4 ,consci5ce is1 l consci\sness1 a complex ph5om5on1 ! result ( ! simultane\s action ( ! prim>y p[]s ( ! m9d4 ,! simple/ fact ( consci\sness is a syn!sis ( s5sation & reason 9 a primitive psy*ological judgm5t4 ,s5sation alone is n k1 & x becomes consci\sness only z x is illum9at$ & in=m$ by ! reason4 ,& s a m]e /ate ( ! s5sibility--a m]e feel+ ( approbation or disapprobation--does n con/itute consci5ce until x is in=m$ by ! reason4 ,consci5ce is ! unity ( feel+ & reason 9 a judgm5t :i* has respect to volunt>y action4 #c4 ,consci5ce is ! common field 9 :i* is reveal$ ! result ( ! op]ation ( all our faculties 9 _! especial relation to moral law4 ,z consci\sness is ! common field 9 :i* ! results ( ! op]ation ( all our faculties come to light1 s consci5ce is t dep>tm5t ( ! same field 9 :i* is reveal$ ! action ( ! m9d 9 relation to ! un*angeable pr9ciples ( ord] & "r :i* dwell 9 ! bosom ( ! ,inf9ite4 ,consci5ce is pre-em95tly ! ,godw>d side ( our m5tal be+1 :i* reflects ! moral "* ( ,god1 & br+s u into relation%ip ) ,him4 ,x is t :i* c>ries u p] saltum to ! imm$iate recognition ( a ,god1 ! ,lawgiv] & ! ,judge :o is ov] man1 & :i* holds him 9 my/]i\s b indissoluble bonds ( obligation4 ,consci5ce is !re=e1 7#a47 ,! reason intuitively appreh5d+ univ]sal moral ideas & laws4 ,x furni%es ! idea ( ! good4 ,x affirms t ! good is univ]sally obligatory4 ,x ass]ts t ! good has des]t1 wor?9ess1 & dignity4 ,& x dem&s = ! good an appropriate recognition & a j rew>d4 7#b47 ,! und]/&+ appreh5d+ ! relations 9 :i* we /& to ,god1 to our fell[-be+s1 & to self z a moral p]sonality end[$ ) reason & fre$om4 7#c47 ,! judgm5t comp>+ ! acts ( a volunt>y ag5t exi/+ 9 c]ta9 relations ) ! immutable ideas & laws ( ! reason1 & affirm+ ?is is "r & wor?y ( praise & rew>d1 or t is wrong & des]v+ ( blame & puni%m5t4 7#d47 ,a p>ticul> /ate ( ! s5sibility--! pa9ful or pleasurable emotions :i* spontane\sly arise 9 pres5ce ( "r or wrong 9 our own actions or 9 ! actions ( our fell[-m54 ,?us consci5ce is1 z x 71 ! focal po9t at :i* are unit$ & bl5d$ ! v>i$ acts & /ates ( ! s\l 9 its imm$iate relation to ! moral law4 ,x is ! syn!sis ( moral ideas1 cognitions1 & feel+s 9 a moral judgm5t4 ,! co-op]ation ( ^! p[]s & susceptibilities ( ! s\l 9 _! relation to ! good has a p>allel & an illu/ration 9 _! op]ation 9 relation to ! beautiful4 ,! ideas ( ord]1 proportion1 h>mony1 fitness1 & unity 9 v>iety are unque/ionably fundam5tal & necess>y ideas ( ! reason4 ,9 ! ,div9e reason ^! ideas h always exi/$ z ! laws 9 accordance ) :i* ,he fa%ion$ ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,& inasmu* z ! human reason is configur$ to ! ,div9e1 ^! ideas mu/ also exi/ 9 ! human m9d4 ,l /atu>y 9 ! inn] palaces ( ! s\l1 !y are ! models by :i* we recognize & ! /&>ds accord+ to :i* we judge ! =ms ( beauty 9 ! ext]nal _w4 ,! correspond5ce betwe5 ^! ext]nal =ms & ! inn] ideals ( ! reason is recogniz$ by ! judgm5t4 ,& ! delight we exp]i5ce 9 pres5ce ( ! beautiful 9 nature & art is a p>ticul> direction ( ! s5sibility4 ,?is is n1 h[ev]1 ! *ronological ord] 9 :i* ! idea ( ! beautiful is develop$ 9 ! m9d4 ,! s5se ( beauty fir/ reveals itself 9 ! spontane\s consci\sness 9 pres5ce ( ! ord] & h>mony & fitness :i* p]vade ! univ]se4 ,we exp]i5ce delight )\t be+ able to specialize ! precise causes ( our pleasure4 ,b ! reflective consci\sness1 :i* is pre-em95tly analytic1 br+s out into cle> light ! fundam5tal ideas ( ord]1 h>mony1 fitness1 & unity1 :i* _h a prior exi/5ce 9 ! reason1 & h n[ recogniz$ !mselves z mirror$ 9 ! univ]se4 ,! repeat$ obs]vation ( ! =ms ( beauty ar\nd u1 & ! comp>ison ( ^! ) ! /&>d ideas ( ! reason1 w result 9 ! beau-ideal ( a pure & correct ta/e--true 4 ,s 9 relation to ! idea ( ! good4 ,x does n /& =? to ! eye ( consci\sness1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 z an ab/ract conception4 ,! moral s5se--! affection ( ! s5sibility 9 pres5ce ( volunt>y & responsible action--is fir/ reveal$ 9 ! spontane\s consci\sness4 ,:5 we behold an act ( ju/ice1 ( k9dness1 ( b5efic5ce1 we exp]i5ce ! fulle/ satisfaction4 ,we admire & e/eem ! actor4 ,we feel t 8 conduct is praisewor?y1 & t he is des]v+ ( honor & rew>d4 ,^! s5tim5ts spr+ up spontane\sly & involunt>ily 9 our bosoms long be=e we h def9$ _! reason & law4 ,! reflective consci\sness subsequ5tly elicits ! rational ideas :i* und]lie ^! emotions--! ideas ( ! useful1 ! j1 ! b5efic5t1 ! noble1 & ! p]fect1 all :i* are f9ally embrac$ 9 ! idea ( ! good4 ,& ! repeat$ comp>ison ( ! conduct ( volunt>y ag5ts exi/+ "u c]ta9 relations1 ) ! fundam5tal ideas ( ! reason1 ^! /&>ds ( "r erect$ 9 ! s\l1 w result 9 an ideal ( moral excell5ce--a true 4 ,if ?is doctr9e ( consci5ce be ! product ( a true psy*ological me?od1 x w enable u to acc\nt = ! app>5t want ( uni=mity 9 its suffrages 9 individual cases1 & ! v>i$ ph5om5a pres5t$ 9 diff]5t m54 ,consci5ce1 l consci\sness1 has its gradual developm5t4 ,?\gh natural & necess>y to e human s\l ^: p[]s are normally develop$1 x is n ex]cis$ at ! beg9n+ ( its exi/5ce1 b only aft] c]ta9 conditions ( gr[? & /ages ( gr[? h be5 atta9$4 ,?is developm5t may be arre/$ or x may be p]v]t$4 ,! abs5ce ( prop] conditions1 ! lack ( suitable discipl9e & culture 9 any "o ( ! faculties ^: op]ation ent]s into ! concrete ph5om5a1 w modify ! g5]al result4 ,an excess ( s5sibility w give a morbid consci5ce2 ! lack ( s5sibility1 a slumb]+ consci5ce4 ,a defective appreh5sion ( ! relations 9 :i* we /& to ,god & to our fell[-m5 w prev5t our see+ our specific duties4 ,inatt5tion to ! "* ( our own motives1 or ignorance ( ! real int5tions ( o!r m51 may mislead ! judgm5t 9 discrim9at+ betwe5 ! quality ( actions4 ,!re are also natural diff]5ces 9 ! s\ndness & accuracy ( ! judgm5ts ( individual m54 ,we meet ^? :o ) a limit$ acqua9tance ) p>ticul> facts & ab/ract notions are nev]!less end[$ ) s\nd practical judgm5t2 :ile o!rs1 ) a l>g] k ( facts & g5]al pr9ciples1 are /rangely defective 9 judgm5t4 ,f9ally1 unless m5 accu/om !mselves to reflection1 to analysis1 ! ideas ( ! j1 ! "r1 ! good1 d n come cle>ly into ! light ( consci\sness4 ,h5ce ! diff]5t manife/ations ( consci5ce 9 individual m54 ,we claim1 h[ev]1 t ! moral ideas ( ! reason are 9 all m5 id5tical2 t !y exi/ & op]ate1 ev5 ?\gh unconsci\sly1 9 all m9ds1 det]m9+ _! moral judgm5ts2 & t :5 ! same relations ( p]sonality are cle>ly be=e ! m9d ! moral judgm5ts ( m5 are uni=m4 ,9 spite ( all ! topical moralities to :i* factiti\s circum/ances may h giv5 bir?1 !re is unque/ionably a univ]sal & immutable morality4 ,9 e nation "u heav51 v]acity1 ju/ice1 & b5efic5ce are sep>at$ by a cle>1 unmi/akable l9e f falsehood1 inju/ice1 & cruelty2 nor c all ! casui/ry & sophi/ry 9 ! univ]se transpose or conf\nd !m4 ,cu/om1 prescription1 conv5tions ( human op9ion1 factiti\s circum/ances1 c nev] blur ov] & oblit]ate ^! l9es :i* sep>ate "r & wrong4 ,b5ea? all ^! app>5t diff]5ces1 ! consci5ce w make h] voice he>d 9 ! dep? ( ! s\l1 9 ! common s5tim5ts ( mank9d1 & 9 ! /atutes ( univ]sal jurisprud5ce4 ,! great ideas ( ju/ice & "r 7 prom95t & well def9$ among ! nations ( antiquity4 ,nemesis & ,!mis 7 n only _! ab/ractions & deities--!y 7 embodi$ 9 _! sy/ems ( jurisprud5ce4 ,law secur$ prop]ty & sanctifi$ life4 ,law gu>d$ e relation & ord]$ e act4 ,law 0 ! !me ( _! philosophy & ! burd5 ( _! song4 ,we are n unacqua9t$ ) ! jeal\sies & disputes ( _! s*ools ( philosophy4 ,!y plac$ ! good ( man & ! reason ( morality 9 ! mo/ incongru\s ?+s1 b !y nev] diff]$ conc]n+ ! conduct :i* 0 "r4 ,epicurus & ,z5o knew no div]g5ce "h4#eaf ,inde$1 !y ass]t$ ! immutability ( moral law = all times & places-- ,! unwritt5 laws ( ,god t "k n *ange2 ,!y are n ( to-day nor ye/]day1 ,b live = ev]4#eag ,!re is1 says ,cic]o1 "o true & orig9al law1 con=mable to nature & reason1 diffus$ ov] all1 inv>iable1 et]nal1 :i* calls to ! fulfillm5t ( duty & to ab/95ce f inju/ice1 & :i* calls ) t irresi/ible voice :i* is felt 9 all its au?ority :]ev] x is he>d4 ,?is law c n be curtail$ or aboli%$1 nor affect$ 9 its sanctions by any law ( man4 ,a :ole s5ate1 a :ole p1 c n disp5se ) its p>am\nt obligation4 ,x requires no comm5tator to r5d] x di/9ctly intelligible1 nor is x diff]5t at ,rome1 at ,a!ns1 n[ & 9 ages be=e & aft]1 b 9 all ages & all nations x is & has be5 & w be "o & ev]la/+--"o z t ,god1 its au?or & promulgator1 :o is ! common ,sov]eign ( all mank9d1 is ,himself "o4 ,man is truly man z he yields himself to ?is ,div9e influ5ce4 ,he c n resi/ x b by fly+1 z x 71 f 8 own bosom1 & lay+ aside ! g5]al feel+s ( humanity1 by :i* v act he mu/ already h inflict$ on himself ! sev]e/ ( puni%m5ts1 ev5 ?\gh he 7 to avoid :at is usually acc\nt$ puni%m5t4#eah ,among ! mo/ savage tribes1 z among ! mo/ ref9$ & poli%$ nations1 are also to be f\nd ! same common pr9ciples ( morality4 ,!ft1 murd]1 adult]y are (f5ses condemn$ & puni%$ by e nation "u heav54 ,! high qualities ( virtue are ! ?+s :i* w9 e/eem & comm& respect 9 e c\ntry1 h[ev] rude4 ,7 pro( dem&$1 we might br+ x at once f ! d>ke/ corn]s ( ! e>?4 ,! savage ,fijian reg>ds !ft1 adult]y1 abduction1 inc5di>ism1 & treason z s]i\s crimes4#eai ,& ,dr4 ,liv+/one tells u t1 ,on que/ion+ intellig5t m5 among ! ,backwa9s z to _! =m] k ( good & evil1 ( ,god1 & ( a future /ate1 !y h sc\t$ ! idea ( any ( !m ev] hav+ be5 )\t a tol]ably cle> conception on all ^! subjects4 ,respect+ _! s5se ( "r & wrong1 !y pr(ess t no?+ we indicate z s9 ev] appe>$ to !m z o!rwise1 except ! /atem5t t x 0 wrong to h m wives ?an "o4#ebj ,we conclude t ! univ]sal consci\sness ( our race1 z reveal$ 9 human hi/ory1 languages1 legislations1 & s5tim5ts1 be>s te/imony to ! fact t ! ideas ( "r1 duty1 acc\ntability1 & moral des]t are native to ! human m9d2 & consequ5tly ! exi/5ce ( ! fir/ condition ( moral gov]nm5t--namely1 ! possession by its subject ( a consci5ce--is an unque/ionable fact4 ,! second condition ( moral gov]nm5t is ! exi/5ce1 9 ! subject1 ( free self-det]m9+ p[]3 ! ag5t mu/ be ! real cause & ! sole cause ( 8 own actions2 he mu/ h fre$om bo? to & f ! act4 ,"u a reign ( necessity !re c be no moral gov]nm5t & no j retribution4 ,x is1 at be/1 a m]e physical or natural gov]nm5t2 = moral gov]nm5t mu/ be ( be+s :o are free & self-det]m9$1 & n ( m]e ma*9es4 ,to blame a necessitat$ ?+ is irrational1 to puni% x is a cruelty & an inju/ice4 ,! necessit>ian himself is unable to conceal 8 consci\s emb>rassm5t 9 pres5ce ( ^! difficulties1 & to save 8 !ory he becomes reckless 9 ass]tions4 ,he affirms t ! :ole sy/em ( morality--its duties & responsibilities2 ! :ole s*eme ( moral gov]nm5t1 ) its rew>ds & puni%m5ts--rema9s1 on 8 !ory1 z entire & /able z ev]4#eba ,?is affirmation runs a?w>t all ! dictates ( common-s5se1 & collides ) ! univ]sal conviction ( humanity4 ,he is ! only consi/5t necessit>ian :o rejects ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( s91 d5ies all acc\ntability & retribution1 & r$uces ! gov]nm5t ( ,god to m]e physical impulsion & ! managem5t ( a univ]sal me*anism4 ,! necessit>ian dogma c n be made to quadrate ) our primitive convictions2 x is out ( h>mony ) all our in/9ctive beliefs4 ,! innate idea ( "r1 ! native s5se ( duty & acc\ntability1 ! consci\sness ( s91 our fai? 9 ! ju/ice ( ,god1 our religi\s hopes & fe>s1 all impel u onw>d to f9d a rational & valid basis = human responsibility & moral gov]nm5t 9 ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,t man does possess an alt]native p[] ( self-det]m9ation & *oice is evid5t3 #a4 ,f ! direct te/imony ( consci\sness4 ,we "k t any do+ ( ours might h be5 res]v$--we feel1 by t same direct consci\sness :i* c]tifies our exi/5ce & our reason1 t we h ! fulle/ p[] ( *oice4 ,no subtlety1 no ab/raction ( argum5t1 c conv9ce u t we are o!rwise ?an free4 ,m5 are n consci\s ( compulsion ( any k9d1 n consci\s ( c]ta9 m5tal /ates1 call$ *oices1 :i* are ei!r :olly or p>tially indep5d5t ( _! free ag5cy2 b !y are p]fectly & di/9ctly consci\s ( entire lib]ty1 & ( complete inw>d p[] to *oose4#ebb ,t we h a direct consci\sness ( fre$om is ! doctr9e ( mo/ ( ! writ]s on moral sci5ce4 ,c\s9 is emphatic 9 ! ass]tion ( ?is doctr9e3 ,i am consci\s ( ?is sov]eign p[] ( ! w4 ,i feel 9 myself1 be=e its det]m9ation1 ! =ce t c det]m9e itself 9 su* a mann] or 9 su* ano!r4 ,at ! same "t t ,i w ?is or t ,i am equally consci\s ( ! p[] to w ! opposite2 ,i am consci\s ( be+ ma/] ( my resolution1 ( ! ability to arre/ x1 cont9ue x1 repress x4#ebc ,! di/+ui%$ ,pr(essor ( ,moral ,philosophy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh1 ,dr4 ,cald]wood1 tea*es ! same doctr9e3 ,x is 9 our consci\sness ( self-control = ! det]m9ation ( activity t we obta9 our only k ( causation4 ,e "o kn[s himself z ! cause ( 8 own actions4 ,9 ! ext]nal _w we cont9ue ignorant ( causes1 & are able only to trace uni=m sequ5ce1 z ,hume & ,comte h insi/$4 ,b 9 consci\sness we di/+ui% betwe5 sequ5ce & causality4 ,we are consci\s ( our own causal en]gy by kn[+ ! orig9 ( our activity 9 self-det]m9ation4#ebd ,! direct consci\sness ( fre$om is d5i$ by ,sir ,william ,hamilton4 ,?is d5ial is a necess>y consequ5ce ( 8 doctr9e ( relativity4 ,if we are n consci\s ( self z a reality1 b only ( c]ta9 modes or affections1 !n1 ( c\rse1 we c n be consci\s ( self z a free p[]4 ,b z ,mansel has =cibly repli$3 ,does x n r appe> a flat contradiction to ma9ta9 t ,i am n imm$iately consci\s ( myself1 b only ( my s5sations or volitions8 ,:o1 !n1 is ! ,i t is consci\s2 & h[ c ,i be consci\s ( su* /ates z m9e8 ,9 ?is case x w\ld surely be m accurate to say1 n t ,i am consci\s ( my s5sations1 b t ! s5sation is consci\s ( itself2 b1 ?us word$1 ! gl>+ absurdity ( ! !ory w\ld c>ry ) x its own refutation4444 ,self-p]sonality is reveal$ to u ) all ! cle>ness ( an orig9al intuition4#ebe ,) an inconsi/5cy :i* %[s ! fallacy ( ,sir ,william ,hamilton's :ole !ory ( relativity1 he admits t1 ,z cle>ly z ,i am consci\s ( exi/+1 s cle>ly am ,i consci\s at e mom5t ( my exi/5ce t ! consci\s ,ego is n itself a m]e modification1 nor a s]ies ( modifications ( any o!r subject1 b t x is itself some?+ diff]5t f all its own modifications1 & a self-subsi/5t entity4#ebf ,if1 !n1 we admit1 z we mu/ admit1 ! exi/5ce ( an imm$iate consci\sness1 n m]ely ( ! ph5om5a ( m9d1 b ( ! p]sonal self z actively & passively relat$ to !m1 we mu/ also admit ! direct te/imony ( consci5ce to ! fact ( lib]ty4 ,i am consci\s n m]ely ( ! ph5om5on ( volition1 b ( myself z produc+ x1 & z produc+ x by *oice1 ) a p[] to *oose ! opposite alt]native4 ,! necessit>ians are all compell$ to conc$e t ! univ]sal conviction ( our race is1 & always has be51 t man is free4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 ass]t$ t ?is dictate ( common-s5se is n to be accept$ z philosophically true4 ,"l ,kames admits ! natural conviction ( fre$om f necessity1 ?\gh he decl>es x to be an illusion3 ,man fondly dreams t he is free to act2 ,naught is he b ! p[]less1 wor?less play?+ ,( ! bl9d =ce t 9 8 w itself ,works out = him a dread necessity4 ,& ,hommel1 c]ta9ly "o ( ! able/ & mo/ decid$ ( fatali/s1 says1 ,i mu/ believe t ,i h a feel+ ( lib]ty1 at ! v mom5t ,i am writ+ aga9/ lib]ty1 ^u gr\nds :i* ,i reg>d z inconte/able4 ,z5o 0 a fatali/ only 9 !ory2 he did n act 9 con=mity ) 8 convictions4#ebg ,! possession ( alt]native p[] is a fact ( consci\sness z cle> & indubitable z ! fact ( p]sonal exi/5ce4 ,x is admitt$ by ! necessit>ians t all m5 h a natural conviction ( fre$om2 !y believe !mselves to be free be+s1 & !y act ^u ?is belief 9 all ! relations ( life4 ,if ?is fact ( consci\sness is an illusion1 !n our exi/5ce is also an illusion1 = t same intuition :i* c]tifies to me t ,i exi/ c]tifies also t ,i am free4 ,if ! te/imony ( consci\sness is invalidat$1 !re is no crit]ion = tru?4 ,if "o ( its deliv]ances is f\nd to be false1 h[ c we v9dicate ! v]acity ( any8 ,our faculties are be/[$ ^u u z ! in/rum5ts ( deception2 ! root ( our nature is a lie1 & univ]sal skepticism is ! only goal4 #b4 ,! idea ( moral obligation necess>ily presupposes ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,?is is a pr9ciple s obvi\s t x ne$s no elucidation4 ,if man h duties1 he mu/ possess ! p[] ( fulfill+ !m4 ,he ought to be free if he ought to obey law1 or human nature is 9 contradiction ) itself4 ,! direct c]ta9ty ( obligation implies ! correspond+ c]ta9ty ( fre$om4 ,h5ce ,kant's well-kn[n canon1 ,i ought1 !re=e ,i c4 ,?\gh d5y+ ! direct consci\sness ( fre$om1 ,kant ma9ta9$ ) e>ne/ness t ! fact ( lib]ty is gu>ante$ by ! exi/5ce ( ! moral law1 ^: categorical imp]ative ?\ %alt necess>ily implies a correspond+ ?\ can/4 ,to ! same effect are ! words ( ,sir ,william ,hamilton3 ,! fact t we are free is giv5 to u 9 ! consci\sness ( an uncompromis+ law ( duty4444 ,our consci\sness ( ! moral law1 :i* )\t a moral lib]ty 9 man w\ld be a m5daci\s imp]ative1 gives a decid$ prepond]ance to ! doctr9e ( fre$om ov] ! doctr9e ( fate4#ebh ,physical causation & moral obligation c n coexi/ side by side4 ,9 proportion z we ext5d ! doma9 ( necessity we mu/ dim9i% t ( duty4 #c4 ,! s5se ( responsibility presupposes ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,?is s5se ( responsibility is native to ! human m9d4 ,e man feels himself to be acc\ntable = 8 own conduct1 n only at ! b> ( 8 own consci5ce1 b be=e ! moral judgm5t-seat ( 8 fell[-m54 ,e :]e he recognizes ! "r ( 8 fell[-m5 to inquire into 8 "*1 to sit 9 judgm5t ^u 8 conduct1 & to e/eem & treat him accord+ly4 ,we necess>ily impute blame :5 an unju/ action is p]=m$ by ano!r2 we feel consci\s ( guilt & unwor?9ess :5 a wrong is done by ourselves4 ,^! are facts ( univ]sal consci\sness4 ,b ^! s5tim5ts are irrational & absurd if man is a m]e ma*9e impell$ by natural causes1 & has no self-det]m9+ p[]4#ebi ,:atev] disa/]s may ov]take u 9 ! c\rse ( nature1 h[ev] we may suff] by ! wild tornado or ! blight+ mildew1 h[ mu* soev] ( our prop]ty may be swall[$ up by ! ocean tempe/ or ! dev\r+ flame1 we impute no blame2 & we exp]i5ce "h emotions ess5tially diff]5t f ^? :i* we exp]i5ce :5 a wrong is int5tionally inflict$ ^u u by our fell[-m54 ,suppose y\rself to h be5 ! victim ( "s act ( inju/ice & villa9y by :i* y 7 r$uc$ to p5ury1 & y\r family to want & indig5ce4 ,by :at philosophy c y eradicate ! s5se ( wrong or cease to impute blame to ! man ^: p]fidy has despoil$ y\r life8 ,y may =give him1 & foll[ him ) y\r pray]s to ! la/ h\r ( y\r life1 b y w /ill pray = him z a guilty man ^: crime has be5 ! burd5 ( y\r life4 ,n[ :at is ?is radical & fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ! ev5ts ( ! mat]ial univ]se & ! actions ( m58 & :at is ! rational basis = ! diff]5t feel+s we exp]i5ce & ! div]se judgm5ts we pass 9 reg>d to !m8 ,!re is only "o answ] to ?is "q4 ,! ultimate gr\nd-diff]5ce is f\nd 9 ! fact t "o class ( ev5ts is necess>y--!re is no adequate p[] 9 ! ?+ to be or d o!rwise2 ! o!r class ( actions is free--!y ne$ n h be5 p]=m$1 ! actor _h full p[] = a contr>y *oice4 ,9 ! _w ( nature =ce reigns2 9 ! _w ( moral life lib]ty prevails4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( diff]5ce is ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,?is second condition ( moral gov]nm5t--namely1 ! possession ( free alt]native p[] on ! "p ( ! subject to comply1 or refuse to comply1 ) ! requirem5ts ( moral law--is ?us e/abli%$1 fir/1 by ! direct te/imony ( consci\sness1 f :i* !re c be no appeal1 &1 secondly1 by necess>y inf]5ce f collat]al facts ( consci\sness1 :i* c n be invalidat$ by c\nt]-pro(s4 ,unhappily1 ! re/lessness ( speculative m9ds1 ! necessities ( false !ories 9 philosophy1 or ! unw>rantable assumptions ( dogmatic !ologians1 h l$ to ! disreg>d ( ! affirmations ( univ]sal consci\sness4 ,m5 h ask$1 ,h[ c fre$om be possible 9 a dep5d5t creature8 ,h[ c x be consi/5t ) our belief 9 ! pr9ciple ( univ]sal causation8 ,h[ c x be h>moniz$ ) ! fact t man always acts "u ! influ5ce ( motives8 ,h[ c x be reconcil$ ) ! omnipot5ce & absolute presci5ce ( ,god8 ,we %all n[ address ourselves to ! consid]ation ( ! argum5ts aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ! fre$om ( ! w :i* are sugge/$ by ^! qu]ies4 #a4 ,! fir/ is ! ,metaphysical or ,causational ,argum5t4 ,! rational intuition t e ev5t mu/ h a cause is a univ]sal & necess>y tru?4 ,x mu/ !re=e be rigor\sly appli$ to all m5tal z well z to all physical ph5om5a4 ,e volition mu/ h a cause1 & if caus$ x c n be free4 ,?is is ! gr& argum5t ^u :i* ! necessit>ian ma9ly relies1 & x is urg$ ) eloqu5ce & =ce by ,edw>ds1 ,*alm]s1 & ,mc,cosh4 ,n[ t e ev5t mu/ h a cause is an priori tru?1 :i* is z readily accord$ by ! fre$omi/ z x is vehem5tly insi/$ ^u by ! necessit>ian4 ,no philosophic writ]s h m ably & cle>ly en\nc$ ?is law ( causality ?an ! fre$omi/s ,reid1 ,/ew>t1 & ,c\s94 ,!y rely ^u x z "o ( ! ma9 pill>s ( ! ,!i/ic argum5t4 ,& !y apply x1 9 all its integrity1 to m5tal z well z to physical ph5om5a4 ,!y hesitate n to say t e volition mu/ h a cause4 ,t cause is ! effici5t creative p[] :i* resides 9 a free1 spiritual p]sonality4 ,& t p[] is n1 l a mat]ial or physical cause1 %ut up to "o sole mode ( effectuation3 x is an alt]native p[]1 a pluri-effici5t cause4 ,:]e1 !n1 is ! discrepancy betwe5 ! univ]sal pr9ciple ( causality & ! doctr9e ( alt]native causation8 ,is ! inf9ite ,fir/ ,cause conf9$ to "o solely possible mode ( effectuation8 ,if s1 h[ w y acc\nt = ! endlessly v>i$ effects :i* appe> 9 ! physical univ]se8 ,god is ! ,et]nal ,"o2 :5ce ! plurality & div]sity ( 8 creative acts if ,he be n an equipot5t cause8 ,& yet1 ( all ! ev5ts :i* h transpir$ 9 ! univ]se1 :e!r natural or sup]natural1 we affirm e ev5t mu/ h _h a cause4#ecj ,! endless div]sity ( effects :i* orig9ate 9 ! alt]native causation ( ,god is 9 p]fect h>mony ) ?is univ]sal law ( causality4 ,b on a clos] exam9ation x w be f\nd t :5 ! necessit>ian attempts to invalidate our consci\sness ( alt]native p[] by ! application ( ! causational argum5t he adroitly %ifts 8 gr\nd4 ,he assumes ano!r proposition1 :i* is nei!r equival5t to ! above axiom1 nor 9 itself axiomatic & self-evid5t1 nor ju/ifiably assum$ )\t pro(4 ,mc,cosh says ! doctr9e ( necessity is f\nd$ on ! intellectual intuitions ( man's m9d1 :i* lead u1 9 m5tal z 9 mat]ial ph5om5a1 to anticipate ! same effects to foll[ ! same causes#eca--t is1 e cause is inalt]native or unipot5t2 "o effect1 & only "o c foll[4 ,n[ t a giv5 ph5om5on mu/ h a cause is "o ass]tion2 t ! same cause w aga9 & =ev] produce ! same effect is ano!r4 ,! fir/ is an axiom1 ! second is an induction4 ,t e ev5t mu/ h a cause is a rational intuition4 ,t l causes w produce always l effects is a g5]alization f our limit$ exp]i5ce1 & on a fur!r analysis w be f\nd to apply only to our cognitions ( ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,x is gr\nd$ simply on :at we "k empirically ( ! uni=mity ( nature4 ,n[ we h no priori intuitive conviction ( ! uni=mity ( nature4 ,z ! result ( matur] ?\ght1 ,mc,cosh admits ?is 9 8 "w on ! ,intuitions ( ! ,m9d3 ,x is va9 to speak ( ! belief 9 ! uni=mity ( nature z a self-evid5t1 a necess>y1 or a univ]sal tru? 7page #bgf74 ,x is p]fectly conceivable t ! _w might h be5 s con/itut$ t !re %\ld h be5 no regul>ity 9 ! succession ( ev5ts4 ,! causes ( all ! ev5ts 9 nature might h be5 sup]natural1 & consi/$ 9 ! imm$iate free volitions ( ! ,deity1 or subord9ate angelic ag5cies4#ecb ,!y might h be5 all miracul\s1 & yet ! true law ( causality w\ld n h be5 violat$1 or 9 any way invalidat$4 ,& s :5 man1 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 free alt]native p[]1 produces a new succession ( ev5ts 9 physical nature1 or moves disord] & into ! moral sph]e1 ?is is no way inconsi/5t ) ! axiom t e ev5t has a cause4 ,9 our v def9ition ( fre$om ( w we assume 9 ! volitional sph]e ! inapplicability ( ! maxim t 'l causes ev] & always produce l effects4' ,we assume t ei!r "o ( sev]al effects is legitimate f ! same cause4 ,& :ile we admit t 9 non-volitional causation ! law t 'e ev5t mu/ h a cause' means t e ev5t mu/ h its own peculi> cause1 adequate = itself alone1 9 volitional causation an ev5t may h a cause adequate ei!r = x or = o!r ev5t2 & :i*ev] ev5t exi/s1 ! dem&s ( ! laws ( causation are completely satisfi$4#ecc ,driv5 f ?is boa/$ /ronghold1 ! necessit>ian resorts to 8 favorite dialectic /rategy4 ,he dem&s ! explanation ( equipot5t causation1 h[ "o cause c be adequate to sev]al effects4 ,he asks1 ,:at causes ! w to put =? "o p>ticul> volition r ?an ano!r8 ,n[ :5 we h %[n t1 z a fact ( consci\sness & exp]i5ce1 a p]sonal1 spiritual cause is adequate to sev]al results1 we are entitl$ 9 reason & ju/ice to prote/ aga9/ any attempt to pu% ! inquiry a /ep f>!r4 ,we h atta9$ an ultimate fact1 & we h no "r to ca/ d\bt ^u its au?ority by rais+ p]plex+ que/ions z to ! h[ or :y ( t :i* is4 ,?is is precisely ! me?od by :i* ! a!i/ ,holyoake w\ld invalidate ! argum5t = ! exi/5ce ( ! inf9ite ,fir/ ,cause4 ,he subjects ! ,deity to ?is univ]sal law ( causality1 & asks1 ,:at caus$ ! ,creator to create8 ,! a!i/ holds t ! univ]se is an endless s]ies ( causes & effects ad inf9itum1 & !re=e ! idea ( a fir/ cause is an absurdity & a contradiction4 ,! inf9ite s]ies ( ,edw>ds & ( ,holyoake are con/ruct$ on ! same pr9ciple4 ,!y bo? ask a cause = ! cause4 ,:51 !re=e1 x is ask$1 ,:at causes ! w to effect "o volition r ?an ano!r8 our answ] is1 ,no?+ :atev]6 ,( its own effect1 ,,w1 9 its prop] conditions1 is n a p>tial1 b a full & adequate cause4 ,put y\r f+] ^u any effect 7volition7 & ask1 ,:at caus$ ?is result exclusively ( ! o!rs8 & ! reply is1 ,! w1 or ! ag5t 9 will+4 ,ask !n :at caus$ ! w 9 its conditions to cause ! volition1 & ! reply is1 ,,no?+4 ,nay1 y are a bad philosoph] 9 ask+2 = = its own effect w or ! will+ ag5t is a complete cause3 z complete a cause z any cause :atev]2 & e complete cause produces its effect ,,uncaus$ly4 ,! volition1 l e o!r effect1 is completely acc\nt$ = :5 a complete cause is assign$4 ,to ask :at caus$ ! complete cause to produce ! effect is to ask ! cause ( causation4#ecd ,b su* an alt]native p[]1 ! necessit>ian affirms1 is incompreh5sible & inexplicable4 ,to :i* we ne$ only reply 9 ! language ( ,hamilton1 ,! s*eme ( fre$om is n m incompreh5sible ?an ! s*eme ( necessity4#ece ,omnia exeunt 9 my/]ium--!re is no?+ ! absolute gr\nd ( :i* is n a my/]y4 ,9 say+ s mu*1 h[ev]1 we by no means grant ! affirmation ( ,hamilton t we are unable to conceive an absolute comm5cem5t ( be+ or motion2 we c n !re=e conceive a free volition4#ecf ,?is is n admitt$ by ,mansel1 ! disciple & annotator ( ,hamilton1 z fl[+ ev5 f 8 m5tal law ( ! condition$4 ,x may be true1 z a fact1 t no mat]ial atom has be5 add$ to ! _w s9ce ! fir/ creation2 b ! ass]tion1 h[ev] true1 is c]ta9ly n necess>y4 ,! ,p[] :i* creat$ once mu/ be conceiv$ z able to create aga91 :e!r t ability is actually ex]cis$ or n4 ,! same conclusion is /ill m evid5t :5 we proce$ f ! consid]ation ( matt] to t ( m9d4 ,( matt] we ma9ta9 t ! creation ( new portions is p]fectly conceivable z a result1 if n z a process4 ,e man :o comes into ! _w comes into x z a di/9ct individual1 hav+ a p]sonality & consci\sness ( 8 own2 & t p]sonality is a di/9ct accession to ! numb] ( p]sons previ\sly exi/+4444 ,i believe t e new p]son t comes into ! _w is1 z a p]son1 a new exi/5ce4#ecg ,s a volition is a new exi/5ce1 an absolute orig9ation1 a beg9n+ ( motion :i* has its s\rce 9 ! primordial p[] ( ! human _s z _s4 ,! fact is und5iable1 ! mode is inexplicable4 ,b ! inconceivability ( ! mode 9 :i* ! w creates a volition no m r5d]s ! fact d\btful ?an ! impossibility ( conceiv+ h[ a new & di/9ct self-consci\s p]sonality comes into exi/5ce invalidates ! fact t ,i exi/1 & "k myself z a di/9ctly exi/+ be+4 #b4 ,! ,psy*ological ,argum5t4--,?is may be briefly /at$ 9 ! foll[+ t]ms3 ,x is a fact ( obs]vation & exp]i5ce t motives d /& to ! w 9 ! relation ( causes :i* necessitate volition4 ,!y h an exact ma!matical comm5surability1 & _! preval5ce is 9 ! precise ratio ( _! antec$5t intr9sic /r5g?4 ,if motives are want+1 !re c be no *oice2 b :5 ! same motives are pres5t$ to ! same m9d1 x obeys !m ) su* rem>kable uni=mity t human actions may be r$uc$ to /ati/ical tables z reliable & z accurate z tables ( mortality4 ,we might "h at once1 & ) ju/ice1 ent] our caveat aga9/ ! attempt to invalidate a primitive datum ( consci\sness by alleg$ d$uctions f ! ext]ior ph5om5a ( human life & hi/ory4 ,a primitive datum ( consci\sness is unque/ionable & infallible4 ,a process ( induction is liable to ! int]polations ( error4 ,! latt] is !re=e a less] au?ority ?an ! =m]1 & a m]ely d]ivative assurance c n be argu$ aga9/ an ultimate fact4 ,we mu/ reg>d x z a philosophic canon t an exp]i5ce cognition c n conflict ) an intuitive belief4 ,! ext]ior ph5om5a ( life & hi/ory1 prop]ly int]pret$1 mu/ h>monize ) ! int]ior facts & laws ( ! human m9d1 = :at is hi/ory b ! developm5t1 "u ! conditions & relations ( "t1 ( ! primitive p[]s1 ideas1 & laws ( humanity8 ,if1 !n1 consci\sness atte/s ! pres5ce 9 man's spiritual nature ( a p[]1 9 ! same circum/ances1 to *oose ei!r ( sev]al ways1 we may confid5tly expect t ! ph5om5a ( ! moral _w w n belie t te/imony4 ,n[ x is a palpable fact t an unbrok5 law ( cont9uity & uni=mity p]vades ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,x is lock$ up 9 an un*angeable /atus4 ,!re is no deviation & no progression4 ,all ?+s rema9 z !y 7 s9ce ! beg9n+4 ,! fundam5tal fact ly+ at ! basis ( ?is undeviat+ uni=mity ( nature is t mat]ial causes are unipot5t1 & %ut up to "o solely possible mode ( effectuation4#ech ,& x is equally palpable t ! ph5om5a ( ! moral _w1 ! sph]e ( human life & hi/ory1 reveal cont+5cy1 div]sity1 alt]iety1 & progression4 ,humanity has n revolv$ 9 cycles1 nei!r has x run 9 ! inflexible grooves ( an ant]ior causation1 nor rema9$ 9 ! dead-lock ( an un*angeable /atus4 ,hi/ory is n an inflexible frame-"w 9 :i* all ev5ts h be5 %ap$ by necessity2 x is a developm5t ( ! inh]5t p[]s & capabilities ( humanity1 & x tea*es u t new tra9s ( causes h be5 orig9at$1 & new conditions h be5 sup]9duc$ by man4 ,! gr\nd-fact :i* und]lies all ! div]sity1 cont+5cy1 & progress :i* appe> 9 ! moral _w is t volitional causes are equipot5t & effici5t = any "o ( ! sev]al results4#eci ,9 moral developm5t ! progressive pr9ciple is j ! fre$om ( ! w4 ,! facts ( ! inn] & out] _w are !re=e 9 h>mony4 ,! !ory ( ! necessit>ian assumes t ! w is a m]e passivity1 a simple conductor ( ! impulse :i* motive p[] ex]ts1 a m]e transition-po9t :]e ideal =ce is trans=m$ into physical =ce1 & desires1 incl9ations1 moral convictions1 div9e influ5ces become necess>y acts4 ,motives ?us prevail by _! antec$5t intr9sic p[] j z physical =ces prevail 9 me*anical & vital dynamics4 ,&1 proce$+ ^u ?is assumption1 he labors to con/ruct a sci5ce ( ,e?ology 9 :i* he w\ld anticipate human action by /ati/ics1 & %[ h[ individual "* mu/ be 9 accordance ) physical & m5tal causation4 ,:]eas consci\sness ass]ts t ! w is n a bleak me*anical ?+4 ,x is a free alt]native p[]4 ,x is a full1 complete1 adequate cause4 ,x is _s1 n matt]4 ,n[ x is freely grant$ t ! m9d acts 9 view ( motives1 acts 9 accordance ) motives1 acts 9 a c]ta9 qualifi$ s5se "u ! influ5ce ( motives2 b ! fre$omi/ emphatically d5ies t ! w is necessitat$ to action by motives4 ,motives may be reason = action1 conditions "u :i* w acts1 b !y are n causes ( action4 ,!y may solicit1 invite1 urge to action1 b !y c n con/ra91 compel1 & =ce action4#edj ,motives h no fix$ correlation to ! w4 ,!y address !mselves to ! feel+s1 ! judgm5t1 ! consci5ce1 & n directly & imm$iately to ! w4 ,!y may awak5 desire1 fe>1 incl9ation1 pref]5ce1 a s5se ( obligation2 b ^! are all /ates ( ! intellect & s5sibility1 & may coexi/ 9 ! same m9d ) a /ate ( indet]m9ation & non-diff]5tiation 9 ! w4 ,t :i* is desirable may appeal to ! feel+s1 t :i* is eligible to ! judgm5t1 t :i* is obligatory to ! consci5ce1 & ^! may excite ! m9d 9 diff]5t degrees ( int5sity2 b none ( !m h p[] to move ! w4 ,we may be able intellectually to p]ceive t "s motives are intr9sically high] ?an o!rs1 t "s h a prevolition p[] to excite all m9ds m int5sely ?an o!rs2 b !y d n prevail & secure action 9 any ratio ) _! suppos$ priori /r5g?4 ,!y c only become real motives = ! w by its volunt>y plac+ its int]e/ 9 !m & mak+ !m objects ( its *oice4#eda ,all ! actual /r5g? :i* a motive has is d]iv$ f ! action ( ! w4 ,on ?is subject we (f] ! foll[+ propositions3 7#a47 ,! s-call$ /r5g? ( a motive is ! degree ( probability t ! w w act 9 accordance ) or on acc\nt ( x4 ,& x is mo/ important to rem>k t ! result is n always1 nor 9 mo/ cases1 necess>ily z ! highe/ probability4 ,! w may *oose = ! high] or = ! l[]4 ,& z ! w may *oose = a l[] r ?an a high] probability1 s ! w may *oose on acc\nt ( :at is call$ antec$5tly a weak] ov] a /rong] motive4 ,& h]eby is once = all e/abli%$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 me*anical =ce & motive influ5ce--t :]eas 9 ! =m]1 by necessity1 ! great] effect results f ! great] =ce1 9 ! latt] ! less is possible f ! great]1 ! great] f ! less4#edb ,t result is n z ! highe/ probability ,dr4 ,:$on has %[n mo/ conclusively f ! doctr9e ( ,cont+5cies or ,probabilities4 ,& on ?is he gr\nds 8 doctr9e ( cont+5t motive probability4 ,?is cont+5t "* ( motive influ5ce is correspond5t ) ! alt]native "* ( t :i* is its sole possible object--w4 ,an alt]native w & a cont+5t motive influ5ce are correlatives4 ,!y mutually expla9 & su/a9 ea* o!r4 ,to admit ei!r is to admit bo?4 ,& s a unipot5t w & a necess>y motive influ5ce are correlatives4 ,he :o is compell$ to admit "o is compell$ to admit ! o!r4 ,x w be a m]e controv]sy ab\t a ^w to say t an influ5ce :i* does n produce effect is no influ5ce4 ,t may legitimately be call$ an influ5ce1 x is important to add1 :i* is conceiv$ z possess+ an intr9sic probability = result1 ?\gh ! high] probability be a cont+5cy = :i* !re exi/s p[] ( failure4 ,if s1 !n ! doctr9e ( cont+5t motive influ5ce is e/abli%$1 & ! doctr9e ( volitional necessity is at an end4 ,! relation betwe5 physical =ce & effect is necessity4 ,! relation betwe5 motive & volition is cont+5cy4#edc 7#b47 ,! s-call$ /r5g? ( a motive is ! comp>ative preval5ce :i* ! w assigns to x by its own action4 ,x is impossible to erect any /&>d by :i* ! intr9sic /r5g? ( motives c be det]m9$ previ\s to volition4 ,a cold intellection is n intr9sically comm5surable ) a deep emotion1 nor a s5tim5t ( ta/e ) a feel+ ( obligation1 nor a physical appetite ) a s5se ( honor4 ,n[ by :at /&>d c ! comp>ative =ce ( ^! influ5ces be det]m9$8 ,!re is no m comm5surability betwe5 !m ?an betwe5 ! brightness ( day & ! =ce ( magnetic attractions4 ,or if we c\ld possibly det]m9e1 by "s rational priori me?od1 t a feel+ ( obligation is intr9sically /rong] ?an a physical appetite1 or t ! love ( life is /rong] p] se ?an a s5se ( duty1 we c n affirm t ! "o or ! o!r %all !re=e uni=mly & necess>ily prevail4 ,^! influ5ces d]ive all _! preval5cy1 & consequ5tly _! comp>ative /r5g? ( motive1 f ! w alone4 ,! w places its int]e/ 9 ! "o or ! o!r4 ,x decides ! m5tal position4 ,x settles ! "q ( pref]5ces betwe5 alt]natives1 dismisses ! c\nt]-motive f view1 & closes ! debate4#edd ,! /r5g? ( a motive1 9 its relation to ! w1 c only be kn[n by ! te/ ( preval5cy4 ,?is is unwitt+ly conc$$ by ! necessit>ian4 ,he says ! /ronge/ motive prevails because t is ! /ronge/ :i* ! w *ooses4 ,?is really conc$es ! position assum$ by ,dr4 ,:$on1 t ! /r5g? ( a motive is ! comp>ative preval5ce :i* ! w1 9 its own action1 assigns to x1 or ! ne>ness to :i* ! w comes to act+ on acc\nt ( x4 ,m5 d n always *oose t :i* is mo/ desirable1 nor t :i* is mo/ eligible1 nor t :i* appe>s mo/ obligatory4 ,b f :atev] motive m5 may *oose to act1 h[ev] base & unwor?y1 ! necessit>ian affirms x 0 intr9sically ! /ronge/ motive because x 0 *os52 :i* simply am\nts to ?is--! /ronge/ motive is always *os5 because ! motive *os5 is always ! /ronge/ motive4 ,! attempts ( ! necessit>ian to fix ^u "s /&>d by :i* to e/imate ! antec$5t /r5g? ( motives h all signally fail$4 ,! mo/ plausible is t ( ,edw>ds4 ,he ass]ts t ! volition is always z ! greate/ app>5t good4 ,b by :at /&>d is t good e/imat$1 by :i* faculty is x recogniz$ & pron\nc$ good8 by ! reason1 ! consci5ce1 ! judgm5t1 or ! appetites8 ,c t be pron\nc$ good :i* is *os5 9 ob$i5ce to passion & lu/8 ,does ! man :o inflicts a prem$itat$ injury ^u 8 neighbor *oose ! greate/ app>5t good8 ,does ! murd]] believe t 9 tak+ away ! life ( 8 fell[-man ! volition is z ! greate/ app>5t good8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,nev]1 says ,bu%nell1 0 !re a case ( wrong1 a s9ful *oice1 9 :i* ! ag5t believ$ he 0 *oos+ = ! /ronge/1 weightie/1 or mo/ valuable motives4 ,! great mass ( s9ful m5 are consci\s ( *oos+ s9ful indulg5ce aga9/ _! highe/ good4 7#c47 ,motives are ! conditions1 b n ! causes ( volition4 ,( volition ! cause1 ! sole cause1 is w4 ,motives are collat]al conditions 444 = ! volition to be2 ) :i* !re is adequate p[] = ! volition n to be4444 ,! motive is only ! occasion1 & all its acts ( excitem5t am\nt to no m ?an ?is1 t !y /& z probable conditions op5+ ! way t[>d :i* ! w !reby acquires opportunity to act ) full adequate p[] ( n act+4#ede ,! relation betwe5 motive & volition is n a necess>y b a cont+5t relation4 ,! w is ! controll+ consci\s self 9 ! ex]cise ( direct causative p[] 9 produc+ volition4 ,"s mod]n writ]s ( ! necessit>ian s*ool1 ,mc,cosh = example1 admit ! exi/5ce ( self-activity 9 ! w4 ,b :at c be ! mean+ ( self-activity if ! w h n ! p[] ( ei!r resi/+ or yield+ to motives pres5t$1 & 9 ! same un*ang$ circum/ances ( *oos+ a diff]5t alt]native8 ,to be mov$ absolutely by motives is n self-movem5t4 ,a p[] to move 9 only "o giv5 direction is a m]e nature-=ce2 x c n be self-activity4 ,! di/+ui%$ writ] above nam$ also admits t causation 9 ! w is entirely diff]5t f causation 9 o!r actions4#edf ,if he mean t motives act ^u ! w 9 a mann] entirely diff]5t f t by :i* physical causes secure action or *ange 9 ! mat]ial _w1 :at "r has he to call x causation at all8 ,& if he mean t volitional causation is alt]native1 & n1 l physical causation1 unipot5t1 !n ! controv]sy is at an end4 7#d47 ,we h no su* exp]i5ce ( uni=mities ( volition z %all enable u to g5]alize a univ]sal law ( volitional causation4 ,! facts ( uni=mity :i* pres5t !mselves 9 ! cont9u\s life ( "s m5 :o 7 absorb$ 9 "o great life-purpose1 z also 9 ! conduct ( aggregate masses ( m51 are n d5i$4 ,we affirm t ! correct def9ition ( a free w supposes t x may *oose 9 a g5]ally uni=m mann]4 ,mu* ( ! uni=mity 9 ! life ( an individual may be acc\nt$ = by corporeal nature--disposition1 /&>d purpose1 & habit4 ,^u a basis ( corporeal1 psy*ological1 & m5tal nature are ov]laid a prim>y /ratum ( dispositions bl5d+ ! natural & ! volitional1 & a second>y =mation ( g5]ic purposes :olly volitional1 & =m$ by repetition into a t]ti>y ( habits2 & ?us we h1 9 8 m+l$ con/itution ( necessitation & fre$om1 an ag5t prep>$ = daily free responsible action4#edg ,n[ x may be readily grant$ t "* =ms a basis ( reliable probability z to h[ 9 giv5 circum/ances a man w act4 ,we may be able to judge1 ) "s degree ( accuracy1 h[ a man w "w 9 8 fre$om2 b we c nev] calculate ) absolute c]ta9ty1 because we h numb]less examples ( m5 act+ /rangely out ( "*1 & disappo9t+ our mo/ confid5t expectations4 ,!re is (t5 ! action1 great or small1 :i* rev]ses ! record ( a life or a protract$ c\rse ( action4 ,he :o well wat*es 8 neighbor1 h[ev] bl9d he may be to 8 own practical self-contradictions1 is sure to f9d1 ev5 9 ! life mo/ uni=m 9 its great outl9e1 pl5ty ( m9or inconsi/5cies4 ,or z ,mll]1 9 8 ',doctr9e ( ,s91' well says1 t bo? our obs]vation & our subject's temptation may occur j at ! mom5t ( "o ( 8 great volitional turn+-po9ts4 ,f ! apo/asy ( ! fir/ angels & ! fall ( man1 ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( human hi/ory1 we h innum]able in/ances ( revolution>y volitions1 n only out ( ! previ\s "*1 b %ap+ a new "*4 ,! "o disa/r\s s9 ( ,moses1 ! "o great complicat$ crime ( ,david1 ! apo/asy ( ,solomon1 ! wise/ ( m51 are all pro(s h[1 n only 9 contra/$ traits1 b 9 revolution>y acts1 a man may be ',! wise/1 brighte/1 meane/ ( mank9d4'#edh ,/ati/ics are cit$ by ,buckle1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,civilization 9 ,engl&1 %[+ t crimes1 suicides1 m>riages1 etc41 occur ) rem>kable uni=mity1 z ! result ( g5]al conditions ( human society2 & he !nce inf]s t all ! actions ( m5 are gov]n$ by a uni=m law ( causation4 ,?is uni=mity may1 h[ev]1 be z easily acc\nt$ = on ! doctr9e ( fre$om z on ! doctr9e ( necessity4 ,9 ! calculations ( cont+5cies1 :ile results ( comp>$ l>ge aggregates 9 ! same conditions may approa* equality1 ! cont+5cy ( ea* individual case rema9s /ill a cont+5cy4 ,! actu>y ( an insurance company c ass]t ) accuracy ! av]age duration ( human life 9 diff]5t c\ntries2 b 7 he to attempt to pr$ict ! duration ( any "o individual life he _h insur$1 he w\ld c]ta9ly fail4 ,! insur$ may falsify 8 pr$ictions by a volunt>y act ( suicide4 ,s ?\gh l>ge aggregations ( free volitions1 surr\nd$ by ! same motives1 may approa* equality1 ! fre$om ( ! individual w rema9s4#edi ,& z ,mansel v ju/ly rem>ks1 x is precisely because individual actions are n r$ucible to any fix$ law1 or capable ( repres5tation by any num]ical calculation1 t ! /ati/ical av]ages acquire _! value z sub/itutes4 ,no "o dreams ( apply+ /ati/ical av]ages to calculate ! p]iod ( ! e>?'s rotation by %[+ t f\r-&-tw5ty h\rs is ! exact m$ium ( "t1 comp>+ "o mon?'s or "o ye>'s revolution ) ano!r's4 ,x is only :5 individual movem5ts are irregul> t x is necess>y to aim at a proximate regul>ity by calculat+ 9 mass4#eej #c4 ,! ,!ological ,argum5t4--,! ma9 po9ts ( ! !ological argum5t may be ?us pres5t$3 ,fre$om 9 a creat$ be+ is incompatible ) ! absolute sov]eignty & presci5ce ( ,god4 ,to suppose a be+ capable ( act+ ei!r ( sev]al ways is to suppose a be+ out ( ! control ( ,god4 ,& a free ag5t c n possess p[] to d o!rwise ?an ,god =ekn[s he w d4 ,9 reg>d to ! fir/ ( ^! suppos$ incompatibilities1 we ne$ only rem>k t if ! ,deity1 9 ord] to ! exi/5ce ( an equitable moral gov]nm5t1 & ! consequ5t possibility ( free responsible action by ! creature1 %all please to subject 8 omnipot5ce to conditional limitations1 ! necessit>ian has no bus9ess to object4#eea ,we ne$ feel no solicitude ab\t ! ,div9e sov]eignty4 ,god w take c>e ( 8 own honor & def5d 8 own high & holy pr]ogatives4 ,su* self-limit+ laws prescrib$ by ,div9e wisdom & love d n place man beyond ,div9e control4 ,! necessit>ian w n d5y t su* self-limitation is ess5tial to ! v exi/5ce ( ! k+dom ( nature4 ,god has e/abli%$ an ord] 9 nature1 a uni=mity ( antec$5ce & sequ5ce1 ) :i* ,omnipot5ce %all n int]f]e4 ,su* a ,div9e law ( non-usance ( p[] is /ill m necess>y 9 ! k+dom ( liv+ ag5ts1 & mo/ ( all 9 ! realm ( responsible ag5ts2 x be+ obs]vable t ! m close ! ,div9e self-re/ra9t1 & ! l>g] ! am\nt ( p[]s 9 ! ag5t left unt\*$1 ! m ! creative sy/em rises 9 dignity1 & ! high] ,god appe>s z a sov]eign4 ,ev5 9 ! sy/em ( liv+ necessitat$ ag5ts1 z necessit>ians mu/ admit1 ,god =bids ,himself to di/urb ! ag5t's uni=m & p]petual act+ accord+ to /ronge/ motive4 ,! second ( ^! incompatibilities is really pr$icat$ ^u our ignorance1 & n ^u our k4 ,we c n und]/& h[ ! ,div9e ,intellig5ce =ekn[s all future ev5ts4 ,to enable u to und]/& ! exact mann] 9 :i* an ,inf9ite ,intellig5ce contemplates succession 9 "t1 x w\ld be necess>y t we %\ld be inf9ite also4 ,! fact t ,god =ekn[s all future ev5ts is all t is reveal$ to u2 ! mann] ( x ,he has left 9 d>kness1 & we c ?r[ no light ^u x by our v]bal speculations4 ,( "o ?+ we may re/ assur$1 t z p]ception prec$es volition 9 ! f9ite intellig5ce1 s k mu/ prec$e det]m9ation 9 ! ,div9e ,m9d4 ,god c n w or act 9 absolute d>kness4 ,div9e pr$e/9ation mu/ be condition$ on ,div9e =ekn[l$ge4#eeb ,8 =ekn[l$ge does n dep5d ^u 8 w1 or on ! adju/m5t ( motives to make u w ?us & ?us2 b ,he =ekn[s e ?+ fir/ conditionally1 9 ! _w ( possibility1 be=e ,he creates1 or det]m9es any ?+ to be1 9 ! _w ( fact4 ,o!rwise1 all 8 purposes w\ld be gr\nd$ 9 ignorance1 n 9 wisdom1 & 8 k w\ld consi/ 9 foll[+ aft] 8 w1 to le>n :at x _h bl9dly det]m9$4#eec ,ano!r important pr9ciple cle>ly & vigor\sly ma9ta9$ by ,dr4 ,:$on is t ! fre5ess ( an act is n affect$ by ! consid]ation ( its be+ =ekn[n4 ,fir/1 because ! ,div9e k mu/ always correspond to ! reality4 ,a free action mu/ be kn[n z free4 ,if !re be 9 ! free ag5t1 asc]ta9able by psy*ology1 or requir$ by intuition1 or supposably se5 by ! ,div9e eye1 ! p[] ( putt+ =? ! volition ) full p[] ( alt]iety1 !n ,god kn[s t p[]4#eed ,secondly1 ! occurr5ce ( an ev5t or act may be c]ta9 to ,div9e =ekn[l$ge1 & yet p]fectly cont+5t 9 itself4 ,=ekn[l$ge r5d]s no?+ necess>y2 x is ! consequ5ce1 n ! cause ( ev5ts4 ,if !re be a necessity at all 9 ! case1 ! necessity lies n ^u ! free act1 b ^u ! =ekn[l$ge4 ,! =ekn[l$ge mu/ see to its own accuracy4 ,pure k1 temporal or et]nal1 mu/ con=m itself to ! fact1 n ! fact to ! k4#eee ,! real difficulty is1 n h[ an act c be a free act & yet be =ekn[n 7= ! act ( k c n *ange ! object ( k71 b h[ ,god c possibly "k ) c]ta9ty a future cont+5cy :i* may or may n happ54 ,x is a cle> & imm$iate revelation ( consci\sness t man has a free p[] ( self-det]m9ation4 ,no revelation c contradict ?is revelation4 ,?is fact ( consci\sness c n be invalidat$ by any conceptions ( ! logical und]/&+ 9 reg>d to ! omnipot5ce or presci5ce ( ,god1 = ^! by _! v nature transc5d all human compreh5sion4 ,,iii4 ,! me?od ( moral gov]nm5t4--,we h se5 t gov]nm5t1 9 g5]al1 is control ex]cis$ ) a view to ! ma9t5ance ( ord]4 ,9 ! mat]ial _w1 ord] is secur$ by ! direct compulsion ( omnipot5t =ce4 ,! ?+s ( nature are in]tly passive "u ! h& ( ,god4 ,!y c (f] no resi/ance to ! ,div9e control1 & consequ5tly1 9 ! sph]e ( nature1 !re c be no real disord]4 ,b 9 ! realm ( self-det]m9+ p[]s !re is ! possibility ( collision1 because !re is ! p[] to resi/ ! w ( ,god4 ,&1 z a matt] ( fact1 we "k !re is opposition1 lawlessness1 & s94 ,9 t sph]e1 :]e above all o!rs ! dem& ( ! reason is = ord]1 !re is ! pres5ce ( disord]--t is1 !re is discon=mity to law & consequ5t suff]+4 ,& n[ ! "q arises1 ,by :at me?od is ord] to be ma9ta9$ 9 ! sph]e ( fre$om8 ,h[ are be+s t h ! p[] to det]m9e = !mselves :at !y w *oose & d1 to be br\ght to act 9 h>mony ) ! et]nal laws ( righte\sness & love8 ,!re are inconsid]ate s\ls :o dream t ?is may be a*iev$ by =ce4 ,god1 say !y1 is omnipot5t2 if ,he w ! non-ext5sion ( evil1 ,he is able to de/roy x2 if ,he desire ! ma9t5ance ( moral ord]1 ,he c compel x4 ,su* reckless declaim]s "k n :at !y say4 ,_h x s pleas$ ,god1 ,he c\ld h made be+s 9 human =m )\t any s5se ( moral "r & wrong1 & )\t any p[] to commit s92 b !y w\ld n h be5 rational be+s1 w\ld n h be5 free be+s1 w\ld n h be5 moral be+s2 nei!r c\ld !y1 9 any high & prop] s5se1 be happy be+s1 because !y c\ld exp]i5ce no s5se ( rectitude1 no approval ( consci5ce1 no delight 9 moral excell5ce1 no bless$ness 9 duty & sacrifice4 ,god1 inde$1 has made _m su* creatures t c n s94 ,! bee1 ! ant1 ! sw9e1 ! ape--^! c n s92 b !y are m]e ?+s1 n free p[]s2 !y h no s5se ( dignity & moral wor?1 no approv+ consci5ce1 no joy ( sacrifice1 & no immortal hopes4 ,liv$ !re ev] a sane man :o w\ld *ange 8 lot ) "o ( ^!1 ev5 ?\gh 9 be+ a man he has ! fe>ful p[] to s91 & 9 s9n+1 ! fe>ful susceptibility to suff]--yea1 to suff] et]nally8 ,is !re any ?+ on e>? ^: value does n fade away :5 comp>$ ) ! priceless value ( be+ capable ( duty1 ( virtue1 ( devotion1 & ( sacrifice8 ,9 ! eyes ( ,god1 ! humble/ ( moral be+s is wor? m ?an all ! firmam5t ( />s1 & all ! teem+ myriads ( brutal =ms ( s5se t dwell ^u ! e>?4 ,because ,god pref]r$ to rule ov] free p[]s1 & n m]e ?+s--free p[]s t c\ld be gov]n$ by tru? & reason & love2 because ,he loves moral "*1 & c>es = x m ?an all ! ?+s t c be pil$ 9 ! inf9itude ( space1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 diamonds1 !re=e ,he be/[$ on man ?is high capacity ( "*--! capacity to "k1 to *oose1 to love1 to enjoy1 & 9 a consci\s communion ) ,god to be bless$ =ev]4 ,b :5 ,god ?us det]m9es to create a rational & free be+--to make man 9 8 own image--,he det]m9es to make a be+ :o 9 act+ freely may act 9 opposition to ! m9d ( ,god1 & 9 violation ( 8 holy law4 ,9 creat+ a free self-det]m9$ be+ :o %all be ! cause ( 8 own action1 ,god puts 8 own omnipot5ce "u conditional limitations1 & r5d]s x morally impossible = ,him1 by m]e =ce1 to con/ra9 ! w ( man4 ,! notion ( a free w1 :i* is an effici5t cause1 be+ gov]n$ by =ce1 is a contradiction4 ,omnipot5ce may1 if x please1 annihilate man1 b x c n control man 9 ! sph]e ( 8 fre$om4 ,p[]s gov]n$ by ! absolute =ce or fiat ( omnipot5ce w\ld 9 t fact be uncreate & cease4#eef ,! moral gov]nm5t ( ,god mu/ deal ) man z man1 mu/ treat him z intellig5t & free1 & mu/ gov]n him solely by moral influ5ces4 ,he mu/ be controll$ by ! voice ( reason & ! s5se ( duty1 by p]suasion & sympa?y1 by hope & fe>2 9 %ort1 by motives address$ to ! judgm5t1 ! consci5ce1 & ! he>t4 ,a self-det]m9$ be+ c be br\ght into h>mony ) ! ,div9e ord] only by ! s*ool+ ( 8 cons5t4 ,he c be p]fect$--t is1 fully e/abli%$ 9 h>mony ) ! "* & w ( ,god--by ! discipl9e ( ! w4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 be plac$ 9 su* circum/ances z invite cons5t1 & at ! same "t p]mit resi/ance4 ,he is to be tra9$1 furni%$1 & p]fect$1 & to ?is end he mu/ be c>ri$ ?r\gh j su* exp]i5ces1 *anges1 & trials z w be/ help ! =mation ( a noble human "*1 & w be/ prep>e man = ! pl5itude & bless$ness ( t life = :i* ! pres5t is a c\rse ( education & discipl9e4#eeg ,fur!rmore1 ,god's moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w mu/ deal ) ! actual man--t is1 ) man z he exi/s 9 society ) c]ta9 h]$it>y ta9ts t are n 8 fault1 & "u c]ta9 unfavorable conditions 9 :i* he has be5 plac$ )\t 8 cons5t4 ,) rev]5ce1 we affirm t ,god ,himself is "u moral obligation to treat man equitably1 to take acc\nt ( ! weakness :i* he inh]its1 ! p]v]t$ education t has be5 giv5 him1 & ! deprav$ associations t surr\nd him1 & graduate 8 responsibility on ! scale ( 8 available light4 ,f9ally1 ! moral gov]nm5t ( ,god mu/ deal ) ! man t w be--) t fix$ "* :i* may be =m$ by man 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 free p[] ( self-det]m9ation1 amid ! circum/ances ( 8 e>?ly probation4 ,?is "* mu/ conta9 )9 itself ! elem5ts ( a bless$ or a wret*$ futurition1 & ?us a retribution be secur$ by fix$ nature1 & inflict$ by an inflexible necessity4 ,t ! moral gov]nm5t ( ,god is a probation>y economy1 9 :i* ample scope is af=d$ = ! developm5t ( "*1 & 9 :i* we are 9 ! act ( be+ prov$1 is evid5t1 7#a47 ,f ! fact t all our future int]e/s are dep5d5t ^u our pres5t conduct4 ,god has end[$ u ) "s degree ( =esight1 & has ?us made u provid5t be+s4 ,we h a native t5d5cy to take acc\nt ( & =eca/ ! future4 ,by ! aid ( reason we c1 9 "s measure1 =esee ! t5d5cies ( our actions2 we c lay our plans = ! future1 & anticipate ev5ts :i* are yet remote4 ,we c also br+ to our aid ! lessons ( exp]i5ce1 & f ?is also we c le>n t our pres5t action w h a p[]ful influ5ce ^u our future condition4 ,we "k t ! circum/ances :i* surr\nd u to-day h be5 9 a l>ge degree creat$ or m\ld$ by ourselves1 & t _m ( our misadv5tures & our mis]ies may be easily trac$ back to p>ticul> acts ( imprud5ce & folly on our own "p z ! cause4 ,s t !re is no tru? we m c]ta9ly "k ?an ?is1 t our future happ9ess ( ! next mom5t1 & ( e succe$+ /age ( our liv+1 is dep5d5t ^u our pres5t conduct4 7#b47 ,?is is fur!r evid5t f ! fact t ! pres5t sc5e is fill$ ) moral te/s & temptations4 ,!re is 9 ! pres5t life an admixture ( good & evil4 ,on ! "o h& !re are num]\s solicitations to evil2 on ! o!r !re are motives & inducem5ts to virtue1 ! pla9 int5tion ( :i* is to prove u4 ,9 ! words ( ,bi%op ,butl]1 ,we h "h free scope & opportunity = t good or evil conduct :i* ,god w rew>d or puni% h]eaft]4 ,?is is necess>y to moral gov]nm5t1 because moral gov]nm5t c n exi/ )\t fre$om ( *oice1 & consequ5tly ! exi/5ce ( ^? circum/ances 9 :i* t fre$om c be ex]cis$4 ,t we h fre$om ( *oice we "k2 & our e-day exp]i5ce ( ! temptations to wrong-do+1 & ( ! difficulties 9 ! way ( a uni=m adh]5ce to virtue1 tea*es u t we are 9 a /ate ( trial1 :]e our pr9ciples are be+ cont9ually put to ! te/4 7#c47 ,t our pres5t life is a probation = a future life is evid5t f ! fact t 9 ! pres5t life puni%m5t is def]r$1 consequ5ces are delay$1 to give play to ! ex]cise ( moral motives4 ,by moral motives we mean reg>d = :at is "r & j1 because x is "r & j1 respect = ! voice ( consci5ce1 & rev]5ce = ! w & requirem5ts ( ,god4 ,if ! consequ5ces ( our moral conduct 7 to foll[ imm$iately on ! heels ( ! act1 if rew>d or puni%m5t 7 in/antly to ensue1 !n moral motives c\ld h no ex]cise4 ,if !re 7 no delay--no int]val betwe5 s9 & its puni%m5t1 moral gov]nm5t w\ld cease1 & a m]ely natural gov]nm5t w\ld rema91 su* z prevails ov] irrational creatures4 ,man w\ld !n be influ5c$ purely by motives ( p]sonal int]e/ or safety or enjoym5t1 & 8 ob$i5ce w\ld n be ! result ( moral motives1 consequ5tly nei!r virtu\s nor vici\s4 ,god has1 !re=e1 put ! consequ5ces ( mu* ( our conduct into ! future1 t we may h room = free delib]ate *oice1 :ile j s mu* ( consequ5ce is p]mitt$ to appe> z w cle>ly indicate t we are "u moral gov]nm5t1 & awak5 ! anticipation t all our conduct w be br\ght into judgm5t4 7#d47 ,t our pres5t life is a probation = a future life is m fully prov$ by ! fact t z a moral economy ! pres5t life is incomplete4 ,! pres5t is a sph]e too contract$ = ! equitable adm9i/ration ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 because "s ( ! la/ actions ( m5's lives1 "s ( _! be/ actions or "s ( _! base/ actions1 w\ld come "u nei!r4 ,! blood ( ! m>tyrs :o di$ = ! fai?1 or ( ! patriot :o bl$ = 8 c\ntry1 w\ld cry alike 9 va9 = v5geance or rew>d4 ,! man :o fir/ took away 8 bro!r's life1 & !n 8 own1 has evad$ ju/ice1 & escap$ puni%m5t4 ,! h& ( viol5ce has robb$ ! virtu\s man ( 8 pres5t rew>d2 & ! suicide1 by break+ 9 ^u ! sanctu>y ( 8 own life1 has defi$ & defeat$ ! gov]nm5t ( ,god1 if !re be no future life4 ,9 ! pres5t life retribution fails 9 uni=mity4 ,x is a proposition :i* ! reason ( e man mu/ approve--t ! gov]nm5t ( ,god mu/ be p]fectly equitable1 & t "u x e man mu/ receive 8 j due4 ,b m5 d n receive _! requital 9 ?is life1 consequ5tly we are b\nd to affirm t 9 ! pres5t life ! ,div9e adm9i/ration is incomplete4 ,we c n conceal f ourselves ! fact t ev5ts occur 9 ! pres5t life :i* we c n conceive z b5evol5tly or righte\sly consummat$4 ,^! ev5ts lift ! tyrant to p[]1 & trample d[n ! patriot & ! freeman4 ,! orphan eats ! bitt] bread ( mis]y1 :ile ! man :o has robb$ him ( ! pat]nal inh]itance revels 9 luxury4 ,! ungodly prosp] 9 ! _w1 _! eyes /& out ) fatness1 !y h m ?an he>t c\ld wi%1 :ile ! righte\s suff] affliction1 & are 9 ne$4 ,& if !re is no future life 9 :i* ,god w balance acc\nts ) ! univ]se1 & r5d] to e man accord+ to 8 works1 !n moral gov]nm5t is incomplete1 inju/ice has triumph$1 wrong has prevail$4 ,an imp]fect retribution & an unequal provid5ce dem& a future life = _! v9dication--a future life bo? = ! good & ! bad1 s t ,god may reckon ) all ( !m--& tea* mo/ conv9c+ly t ! pres5t life is a probation4 ,! exp]i5ces1 *anges1 conflicts1 trials ( a probation>y economy1 are all int5d$ to prove m51 to te/ _! pr9ciples & make manife/ _! real "*4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,god is a moral discipl9e by :i* m5 are tra9$ 9 ! practice & confirm$ 9 ! habits ( virtue1 & ?us br\ght1 by ! s*ool+ ( _! own cons5t1 into h>mony ) ! ,div9e ord]4 ,x is a "q :i* may be prop]ly ent]ta9$1 :e!r a free self-det]m9$ be+ c be made p]fect 9 moral "* 9 any o!r mann] ?an by ! discipl9e ( ! w4 ,!re c]ta9ly c be no creat$ moral des]t4 ,responsible "* mu/ be ! product ( free *oice4 ,a man c no m become virtu\s )\t ! discipl9e ( ! w ?an he c become intellig5t )\t ! discipl9e ( ! und]/&+4 ,= :]e9 consi/s ! virtue ( a self-det]m9$ be+8 ,is x n 9 8 free *oice ( :at is "r & good1 8 resi/ance to temptation1 8 volunt>y submission to ! ,div9e w8 ,is x n 9 8 integrity1 8 pati5ce1 8 =titude1 & 8 resignation8 ,b h[ c ^! virtues exi/1 h[ c !y be ex]cis$1 & h[ br\ght to maturity1 except 9 ! mid/ ( difficulties & h9d]ances8 ,:]e c pati5ce & resignation & =titude & sympa?y h a place1 if !re are no suff]+s to be endur$8 ,h[ c firmness & dilig5ce & c\rage be develop$1 if !re are no difficulties & h9d]ances to ! practice ( virtue8 ,!re=e1 9 ord] t m5 may be tra9$ & educat$ & p]fect$1 !y are plac$ amid su* sc5es1 exp]i5ces1 & trials z %all draw out ! moral p[]s ( ! s\l1 %all /r5g!n & confirm ! w 9 goodness1 & e/abli% !m 9 ! law ( _! be+1 s t _! moral future is secure4 ,life1 ?us ord]$1 is a magnific5t s*eme to br+ out ! value ( law1 & tea* ! necessity ( "r z ! only cons]v+ pr9ciple ( ord] & happ9ess2 tea*+ ! m p[]fully1 if s x mu/1 by disord] & sorr[4 ,suff]+ is a *a/isem5t :i* is :olesome3 x tea*es ! bless$ness ( purity & ! s9fulness ( s92 & x may develop into a godly sorr[ :i* %all heal & purify ! s\l4 ,! moral gov]nm5t ( ,god is an equitable adm9i/ration1 9 :i* responsibility is graduat$ on ! scale ( available light & opportunity4 ,?is is ! condemnation t light is come into ! _w4 ,light is ! symbol ( k1 because x reveals ! "r & cle>ly manife/s :at duty is4 ,light is consequ5tly ! exact measure ( responsibility4 ,our k ( :at we ought to d1 or ought n to d1 det]m9es ! degree ( our acc\ntability4 ,an absolute & involunt>y ignorance w\ld be ! mo/ p]fect plea ( innoc5ce4 ,! imputation ( s9 9 su* a case w\ld be made void1 b !reby ! complet5ess ( human nature be de/roy$4 ,t :i* w\ld relegate man f ! sph]e ( responsibility w\ld also bani% him f ! sph]e ( rationality4 ,/4 ,paul di/9ctly recognizes an alleviation ( responsibility & guilt 9 ! ignorance ( hea!n life1 & speaks ( a ,div9e ov]look+ ( ! times ( t ignorance--a non-imputation ( s9s committ$ 9 ignorance4 ,b he does n by any means acc\nt ! s9n+ hea!n z free f all guilt4 ,he %[s t !y 7 n 9 utt] ignorance1 & t mu* ( _! ignorance 0 volunt>y4 ,he ref]s to ! orig9al consci\sness ( ,god1 & to ! fact t ?is consci\sness is kept alive by ! revelation ( ,god 9 nature2 & he %[s t ! disord] ( _! religi\s & moral life result$ f ! volunt>y suppression ( ?is consci\sness--,:5 !y knew ,god1 !y glorifi$ ,him n z ,god1 nei!r 7 ?ankful2 b became va9 9 _! imag9ations1 & _! fooli% he>t 0 d>k5$4 ,he also appeals to ! no less def9ite p[] ( consci5ce 9 ! he>t ( ! hea!n1 :i* %[s ! works requir$ by ! law to be writt5 on _! he>ts1 _! consci5ces also be>+ witness to ?is law1 & _! ?\ghts approv+ or condemn+ ea* o!r1 & _! civil laws adjudg+ _! crimes z wor?y ( dea?4 ,s f> z _! ignorance 0 involunt>y x 0 an alleviation ( guilt1 ?\gh n an excuse = all s94 ,:atev] light !y _h1 be x little or mu*1 x 0 ! /&>d & measure ( _! acc\ntability4 ,! ,f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity di/9ctly recogniz$ ?is pr9ciple ( moral gov]nm5t4 ,if ,i _h n come & spok5 unto !m1 !y _h n _h s91 b n[ !y h no cloak = _! s9--cle>ly tea*+ t ignorance w\ld be a negation ( guilt1 & k an aggravation ( guilt4 ,n t we are to suppose t ! ,jews1 )\t ! light :i* ,*ri/ suppli$1 7 absolutely guiltless2 _! ignorance 0 a mitigation ( _! guilt4 ,*ri/ lays x d[n z a univ]sal pr9ciple t k ( ! ,div9e law or ignorance ( ! ,div9e law by ! p]son :o violates x is ! gr\nd ( a di/9ction 9 ! diff]5t degrees ( culpability4 ,t s]vant :i* knew 8 "l's w1 & prep>$ n himself1 nei!r did accord+ to 8 w1 %all be beat5 ) _m /ripes4 ,b he t knew n1 & did commit ?+s wor?y ( /ripes1 %all be beat5 ) few /ripes4#eeh ,?is is ! uni=m rule ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t among all nations4 ,increase ( light & k necess>ily enhances human responsibility4 ,to :omsoev] mu* is giv51 ( him %all be mu* requir$4 ,m is expect$ ( ! man ?an ( ! *ild4 ,m is dem&$ at ! h&s ( ! man :o has be5 bless$ ) ! advantages ( a ,*ri/ian civilization ?an f ! untutor$ savage4 ,! man :o has be5 favor$ ) a lib]al education is held to a m rigid acc\nt ?an ! man :o has be5 cradl$ 9 ignorance & s*ool$ 9 vice4 ,& :5 ! k+dom ( ,god comes nigh to m51 human responsibility mu/ be enl>g$ 9 comm5suration ) its bless+s4 ,!re is a holi]1 ri*] tru/1 & consequ5tly a deep] obligation4 ,!re is a great] light & a great] condemnation4 ,woe unto !e1 ,*oraz96 woe unto !e1 ,be?saida6 = if ! mighty works :i* 7 done 9 y _h be5 done 9 ,tyre & ,sidon1 !y w\ld h rep5t$ long ago 9 sackclo? & a%es4 ,b ,i say unto y1 ,x %all be m tol]able = ,tyre & ,sidon at ! day ( judgm5t ?an = y4 ,& ?\1 ,cap]naum1 :i* art exalt$ unto heav51 %alt be br\ght d[n to hell3 = if ! mighty works :i* h be5 done 9 !e _h be5 done 9 ,sodom1 x w\ld h rema9$ until ?is day4 ,b ,i say unto y1 ,t x %all be m tol]able = ! l& ( ,sodom 9 ! day ( judgm5t ?an = !e4#eei ,?is aspect ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t1 :i* ,dr4 ,:$on has felicit\sly /yl$ ! equation ( probational advantages1 relieves our sadness 9 view ( ! moral condition ( ! _w4 ,! ,judge ( all ! e>? w d "r 9 ! case ( e human s\l t has pass$ ?r\gh ?is probation>y sc5e4 ,8 omnisci5t eye c take 9 at "o view all ! influ5ces & circum/ances1 favorable or unfavorable1 :i* h surr\nd$ ea* individual1 & fix ! precise am\nt ( responsibility4 ,he w ov]look ! defect ( d\bt & ta9ts ( blood1 ! faults ( education & s9s ( ignorance1 & ,he w make a due all[ance = ! p[] ( temptation1 ! trammels ( evil associations1 & an enfeebl$ & p]v]t$ nature4 ,he is full ( compassion1 & 8 t5d] m]cies are ov] all 8 works4 ,he kn[s our frame1 & ,he rememb]s t we are du/4 ,we may safely conjecture t a negro hamlet 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 h[ev] inf]ior 9 its temporal moral aspects1 may1 9 its prospect = an et]nal de/9y1 be sup]ior to _m an ,am]ican village4 ,& 9 ! dregs ( our l>ge cities !re are numb]s :o are exclud$ z effectually f ! k ( ! tru? z ! hea!n1 & are sc>cely develop$ to ! level ( responsibility4 ,^! may be ! lea/ 9 ! k+dom ( heav51 b by ! law ( moral equation !y c n be exclud$4#efj ,9 e nation "u heav51 he t has fe>$ ,god & wr\ght righte\sness1 accord+ to 8 k & ability1 w be accept$ ( ,god4 ,! moral gov]nm5t ( ,god secures an infallible & equitable retribution by b9d+ "* & consequ5ce 9 indissoluble bonds1 & evolv+ a rew>d or a puni%m5t out ( t p]man5t moral /ate ( ! s\l :i* has be5 induc$ by ! free self-det]m9ation ( man4 ,"*1 says ,novalis1 is a completely fa%ion$ w 7vollkomm5 gebildet] ,wille74 ,x is t ultimate /ress & det]m9ation ( ! s\l :i* results f ! coh]5ce & complexure ( habits1 & habit is ! result ( repeat$ acts ( volunt>y *oice4 ,f ! p]si/5ce ( habit a fix$ disposition & ca/ ( ! inn] man is evolv$ :i* con/itutes 8 moral individuality4 ,ev5 9 ?is =mative process we c disc]n ! work+s ( ! law ( retribution4 ,"o good de$ h&sels a second1 & r5d]s its p]=mance m easy & pleasurable4 ,! man :o obeys 8 consci5ce feels t he c respect himself4 ,he has a consci\sness ( gr[+ p[]2 a s5se ( dignity & moral wor?4 ,! moral law is = him a law ( lib]ty4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "o s9ful de$ involves a second1 & drags x aft] x4 ,"o lie dem&s ano!r to ma9ta9 its consi/5cy4 ,"o act ( inju/ice embold5s to ! next4 ,self-respect is brok5 d[n by lic5se1 & ! pa? is prep>$ & cle>$ = fur!r iniquity4 ,?us1 by ! repetition ( s9ful de$s1 re/ra9ts are ov]borne1 deprav$ habits are eng5d]$1 vice acquires a ma/]y ov] ! man1 & he becomes a slave4 ,!re is a deep humiliation 9 ?is s5se ( degradation & unwor?9ess4 ,! s9n] despises himself because ( 8 weakness1 & blu%es 9 secret places at ! remembrance ( 8 own debasem5t4 ,! pr9cipal happ9ess or mis]y ( man consi/s 9 ! settl$ /ate ( 8 own he>t1 & n 9 ! outw>d conditions ( 8 daily life4 ,all human plaudits are z naught comp>$ ) ! approval ( "o's own consci5ce2 & no p5al inflictions c comp>e ) ! angui% ( remorse4 ,! inw>d peace ( ! righte\s s\l1 ! disquietude & mis]y ( ! s9ful s\l1 are ! blossom & ! fruitage ( ! se$ :i* has be5 s[n1 & ! /em & bran*es :i* h be5 nurtur$ by ! volunt>y *oices & acts ( man4 ,he t s[e? to 8 fle% %all ( ! fle% reap corruption2 b he t s[e? to ! _s %all ( ! _s reap life ev]la/+4 ,! connection betwe5 s9 & puni%m5t is no arbitr>y or accid5tal connection4 ,x is j z mu* a relation betwe5 cause & effect z ! relation betwe5 s[+ & reap+ 9 ! physical _w4 ,to cause ! m9d to puni% itself1 to "w a retribution out ( ourselves1 to secure x by fix$ nature1 to inflict x by inflexible necessity1 to conv]t ! capacity ( s9 into ! in/rum5t ( suff]+1 is ! pr]ogative ( ,div9e rule4#efa ,,iv4 ,! end ( moral gov]nm5t4--,we h said t ! end ( gov]nm5t1 9 g5]al1 is ! ma9t5ance ( ord]4 ,! end ( moral gov]nm5t is ! ma9t5ance ( moral ord] 9 ! realm ( free self-det]m9$ p[]s4 ,! moral ord] mu/ consi/ 9 con=mity to ! idea ( ! absolute good4 ,! p]sonality ( ,god 7! ess5tial mom5ta ( :i* are reason & fre$om1 hol9ess & love7 is p] se1 9 its totality1 ! absolute good4 ,inf9ite ,p]sonality is b ano!r "n = ,absolute ,p]fection4 ,! highe/ good = a creat$ dep5d5t p]sonality is to resemble ,god 9 all ^? attributes or p]fections :i* con/itute p]sonality4 ,x is to be fully e/abli%$ 9 h>mony ) ,god's moral "*1 unifi$ ) ,him 9 w1 glorifi$ ) ,him 9 hol9ess1 & p]fect$ ) ,him 9 ! bless$ness ( love4 ,! highe/ p]fection ( p]sonal be+ is moral ord]1 & !re=e human p]sonality1 conceiv$ 9 its purity & p]fection1 is ! end ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t4#efb ,?is we h call$ ! ideal ord] ( moral life1 because x is n yet realiz$ 9 ! _w4 ,we mu/ believe1 h[ev]1 t ! f9al triumph ( goodness is a "p ( ! great _w-plan4 ,we mu/ n only believe1 b "k1 t ! great design ( creation1 ! reason = :i* ! _w exi/s at all1 is t 9 x goodness may come to its f9al realization4 ,& ?is conviction is gr\nd$ on ! fact t ! moral life ( humanity has its s\rce 9 ! same ,be+ :o call$ ! _w into exi/5ce1 & :o is conduct+ ?is pres5t disp5sation to a glori\s consummation1 9 :i* ,he %all reconcile all ?+s unto ,himself1444 :e!r !y be ?+s 9 e>? or ?+s 9 heav51 & ga!r toge!r 9 "o all ?+s 9 ,*ri/1 t ,god may be all 9 all4 ,*ri/ianity bases all ! obligations & sanctions ( morality on ! great tru?s t ,god is ne> to man1 t ,he su/a9s him e mom5t 9 life1 t ,he is ! ,fa!r ( ! human _s1 & t ,he gov]ns man 9 ord] to p]fect 8 nature & br+ him into an ev]la/+ fell[%ip ) ,himself4 ,*ri/ianity kn[s no?+ ( a sci5ce ( morals :i* is n bas$ ^u ! correlations betwe5 man & ,god1 nor ( a morality :i* =gets ,god & disreg>ds ! mo/ sacr$ & fundam5tal ( all duties1 namely1 ! duties we owe to ,god4 ,a morality bas$ solely ^u ! relations 9 :i* we /& to our fell[-m5 is at be/ b secul> & utilit>ian4 ,a morality :i* is gr\nd$ ^u ! relation ( volition to ! /ate ( ! s5sibility1 & reg>ds happ9ess z our be+'s end & aim1 is egoi/ic & selfi%4 ,a morality :i* re/s ^u our relation to ,god1 ! absolute good1 & :i* looks backw>d r ?an =w>d = its motive1 is unselfi% & ,*ri/ian4 ,,index4 ,a4 ,absolute creation1 #fb4 ,absolute1 ,inf9ite1 & ,p]fect1 relation ( ^! t]ms1 #da1 #db4 ,action at a di/ance d5i$ by ,newton1 #bad2 by ,leibnitz1 ,f>aday1 ,helmholtz1 ,?omson1 ,tait1 ,maxwell1 #bad4 ,agassiz on species1 #afd2 on ! prep>ation ( ! e>? = man1 #bed4 ,attraction ( gravitation n a prim>y =ce1 #baj-bbj2 n an ess5tial attribute ( matt]1 #baa-bac4 ,attribute or relat$ ess5ce1 #dh-eb4 ,augu/9e1 ,/41 on ! days ( creation1 #aej1 #aea2 8 conception ( ,div9e cons]vation1 #agf1 #agg4 ,b4 ,beale1 ,dr41 on di/9ction betwe5 cell-life & s\l-life1 #afc2 on life1 #aib1 #bdj4 ,be+ or ess5ce1 z reality1 effici5cy1 & p]sonality1 #db-dh4 ,bioplasm1 or cell-life1 #afb1 #afc4 ,brooke1 ,pr(41 on cons]vation ( en]gy1 #bje4 ,b*n]1 ,dr41 ass]ts ! et]nity ( matt] & =ce1 #bd4 ,c4 ,cald]wood1 ,pr(41 on consci\sness ( fre$om1 #chb4 ,c>p5t]1 ,dr41 on w z ! type ( all =ce1 #ci1 #bcg2 on di/9ction betwe5 molecul> & somatic life1 #afc1 #bcf2 on ! =ces ( nature z modes ( ! ,div9e action1 #bdj4 ,cata/rophes1 common belief 91 #ajj2 su/a9$ by sci5ce1 #aja1 #ajb4 ,categories1 univ]sal1 #da4 ,causative pr9ciple1 !1 mu/ be real1 effici5t1 & p]sonal1 #dd4 ,*alm]s's1 ,dr41 incauti\s concession z to ! et]nity ( matt]1 #hf4 ,"*1 ! =mation ( p]fect1 noble--! highe/ end1 #cjf1 c only be atta9$ "u conditions ( fre$om1 #cjh1 & ?r\gh ! inspiration ( a high] life1 #cji1 #caj4 ,*ri/ian civilization ! age ( philan?ropy1 #bhe-bij4 ,cic]o on a univ]sal & immutable moral law1 #cgi4 ,civilization1 ea* epo* (1 has _h a diff]5t !atre1 #bge2 /ages ( developm5t 91 #bgg-bij4 ,cl>ke1 ,dr4 ,samuel1 on imm$iate ag5cy ( ,god 9 cons]vation1 #agh4 ,cohn1 ,dr41 on nature1 #ccc4 ,col]idge on nature1 #cbe2 on ! natural1 #cfi4 ,comte on irregul> v>iability 9 nature1 #aie1 #cbi4 ,conditions ( moral gov]nm5t1 #cga1 #cgb4 ,consci5ce1 its nature & au?ority1 #cgb-cgg2 its gradual developm5t1 #cgg4 ,consci\sness1 religions1 #cjd1 #cje1 #cde2 natural ord] ( its developm5t1 #cdf-cdi4 ,cons]vation1 ,biblical doctr9e (1 #agd1 #age2 conceptions ( ! mode ( cons]vation1 #agf4 ,cons]vation by second>y causes or ag5cies1 #aha1 #ahb2 7#a7 hypo!sis ( natural law1 #ahg-bja2 7#b7 hypo!sis ( active =ce inh]5t 9 matt]1 #bjb-bbb2 7#c7 hypo!sis ( pla/ic nature1 #bbb-bce4 ,cons]vation ( en]gy n an absolute law1 #bje1 #bjf2 limit$ by ! law ( dissipation ( en]gy1 #bjg2 n fairly /at$ by ,dr4 ,tyndall 9 8 discussion on pray]1 #cca1 #ccb2 no evid5ce t x holds 9 ! realm ( vital dynamics & psy*o-dynamics1 #ccb2 is n absolute 9 ! realm ( physics1 #ccb4 ,cont9uity ( ! e!r1 #bag4 ,correlation betwe5 ,god & man1 #cdd4 ,creation1 ,biblical acc\nt (1 n design$ to tea* sci5ce1 #acf-ach2 poetic1 symbolical1 & un*ronological1 #ach-aea4 ,creation by law1 #aif4 ,creation ex nihilo1 h[ und]/ood by ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs1 #ib2 n discr$it$ by ! progress ( sci5ce1 #ic4 ,creation1 its hi/ory1 #abf-aga2 a gradual process1 #aeb-aee2 cumulative1 #aef-aff2 consecutive1 #aff-aga2 h>moni\s1 #afi1 #agj2 f9al purpose ( creation1 #acj-acc4 ,creation1 ! conception (1 #ef2 ! ,biblical conception (1 c n be det]m9$ on philological gr\nds1 #ef-eh2 h[ to be det]m9$1 #eh-fa2 di/9ction betwe5 absolute & ar*itectonic1 #fa2 an orig9ation de novo1 #fj1 #fa2 a volunt>y act ( ,god1 #fc-fh2 n det]m9$ by any inh]5t necessity1 #fd2 n condition$ ab extra1 #ff4 ,cudwor? on a pla/ic nature1 #bbb-bbe4 ,d4 ,days ( ! creative week1 #ade-aea4 ,defects 9 nature1 suppos$1 n remov$ by hypo!sis ( unconsci\s intellig5ce1 #bcb1 #bcc2 ?is supposition bas$ ^u our ignorance ( nature z a :ole1 #bcc-bce4 ,desc>tes1 8 conception ( ,god1 #bi4 ,dissipation ( me*anical en]gy1 #abj1 #aba1 #bjg-bji4 ,dualism1 ,ori5tal1 #bc4 ,duration n id5tical ) "t1 #gg2 nor ) et]nity1 #gg2 a quality ( dep5d5t exi/5ce1 #ha2 a fact ( consci\sness1 #hb4 ,e4 ,e>?1 secul> cool+ ( !1 #aje-ajh2 indications ( surface trans=mations ( !1 #ajh1 #aji4 ,e>?1 !1 a s*ool-h\se = man1 #beh4 ,end ( moral gov]nm5t1 #dag-dai4 ,en]gy1 cons]vation1 trans=mation1 & dissipation (1 #aah1 #aai2 def9$1 #aid2 di/9ction betwe5 =ce & en]gy1 #bjc2 laws ( cons]vation & trans=mation limit$ by ! law ( dissipation1 #bjg-bji2 cases ( trans=mation1 #bcg2 all ! =ms ( en]gy are trans=mations ( "o ,omnipres5t =ce1 #bcg4 ,et]nity an attribute ( ,god1 #gg1 #hc1 #hd4 ,e!r1 hypo!sis ( !1 #aac2 a resi/+ m$ium1 #aad1 #aae2 absolute cont9uity ( !1 #bag1 #bah4 ,exp]i5ce c n atta9 to a univ]sal tru?1 #aij4 ,ext5sion a quality ( matt]1 #ha2 n a pr$icate ( space1 #gi2 a p]cept ( s5se1 #ha4 ,f4 ,f>aday on ! possible & ! impossible1 #aie2 on action at a di/ance1 #bad4 ,f9al purpose ( creation reveal$ 9 ,scriptures1 #acj-acc2 n discov]able by sci5ce1 #bcd1 #bde4 ,=ce def9$1 #bjc1 #bcf2 ! ultimate ( all ultimates1 accord+ to ,sp5c]1 #be2 !ory t matt] is a ph5om5on ( =ce1 #abc2 ! p[] ( ,god1 #abc2 di/9ct f en]gy1 #bjc2 n inh]5t 9 matt]1 #bai1 #bcf2 t5d5cy ( mod]n sci5ti/s to hypo/atize1 #bbg2 _s-=ce ! only =ce1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #cda2 a metaphysical idea1 #cdj2 ! expression ( w1 #cda4 ,=ces1 prim>y1 ( nature1 #bji2 a p]petual /ream ( p[] f ! ,inf9ite ,_s1 #bba1 #bbb4 ,=ekn[l$ge ( ,god & human fre$om1 #djb-dje4 ,=mation implies orig9ation1 #ig4 ,free self-det]m9+ p[] ( ! w1 #chj1 #chg2 argum5ts aga9/--7#a7 ,metaphysical or causational1 #chg1 #cib2 7#b7 ,psy*ological1 #cib-djb2 7#c7 ,!ological1 #djb-dje2 conc$$ by ,dr4 ,tyndall1 #cce4 ,fre$om ( ,god1 absolute1 #fc4 ,g4 ,galton on ! efficacy ( pray]1 #cac4 ,geographical conditions1 _! influ5ce on ! "* ( nations1 #beh-bfd4 ,geology po9ts back to a beg9n+1 #ajd-aaj4 ,geological *anges indicate a prep>ation = man1 #bed-beg4 ,god1 omnipot5ce (1 & human fre$om1 #cee-cei4 ,god ! au?or & giv] ( life1 #bdj4 ,god1 ! exi/5ce (1 ! fundam5tal po/ulate ( all philosophy & all religion1 #bia1 #bib4 ,god1 ! fa!rhood (1 #cei-cfe4 ,god ! fir/ pr9ciple & uncondition$ cause ( all exi/5ce1 #bg2 ! cont5t ( our conception (1 #bg2 ! idea (1 a ph5om5on ( ! univ]sal intellig5ce ( our race1 #bh2 idea & concept (1 #cej2 h>mony ( ! ,biblical & philosophic conception (1 #df1 #dg2 di/9ction betwe5 ! nature & ess5ce (1 #fb1 #fc2 n necess>ily b freely j & good1 #fc2 imman5ce (1 9 nature1 #agd1 #age1 #bdj1 #bda4 ,gov]nm5t ( ,god1 di/9ction betwe5 physical1 natural1 & moral1 #cfg1 #cfh4 ,gravitation--attraction n a univ]sal & necess>y attribute ( matt]1 #aia1 #baa-bac2 mu/ h a cause1 #bad2 transmitt$ by ! e!r1 #bae2 in/antane\s1 #bae2 cause (1 n mat]ial1 #baf2 a d]ivative =ce1 #bba4 ,grecian civilization ! y\? ( humanity1 #bhj-bhb4 ,grove on causation1 #ci2 on =ce1 #cdj4 ,h4 ,hamilton1 ,sir ,william1 conf\nds space & ext5sion1 #gb2 also space & imm5sity1 #gc2 confuses ! concepts "t1 duration1 & et]nity1 #gf2 on ! inconceivability ( an absolute comm5cem5t1 #ic4 ,h>mony betwe5 ! philosophic conception ( =ce & ! religi\s conception ( ,god1 #cch-cdc4 ,hebrew civilization ! *ildhood ( humanity1 #bgh-bhj4 ,h$ge1 ,dr41 on ! imman5ce ( ,god 9 nature1 #ahf4 ,hegel on ,?\ght z ! supreme reality1 #be4 ,helmholtz d5ies direct action at a di/ance1 #bad4 ,h]s*el1 ,sir ,john1 8 conception ( matt]1 #ie1 #abe1 #bcg2 on =ce1 #ci1 #cda2 on univ]sal gravitation1 #aia2 on law1 #aih2 on cons]vation ( en]gy1 #bje1 #bjf4 ,hi/ory a revelation ( ,div9e provid5ce1 #bdf2 ! goal (1 is ! p]fection ( humanity1 #bdh2 ! especial field ( ,div9e provid5ce1 #bec4 ,human race comm5c$ its hi/ory 9 ! ,temp]ate ,zone1 #bfd-bfh2 di/ribution ( !1 n gov]n$ by ! same law z ! di/ribution ( plants & animals1 #bgb2 di/ribution (1 indicates a ,provid5tial guidance1 #bgc4 ,human fre$om & ,div9e omnipot5ce1 #cee-cei2 & ,div9e presci5ce1 #djb-dje4 ,humanity1 p]fection (1 9 :at does x consi/8 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,i4 ,imman5ce ( ,god 9 nature1 #agd1 #age1 #bdj1 #bda2 ! doctr9e (1 n pan!i/ic1 #bda1 #bdb4 ,imman5t attributes ( ,god1 #ej2 an et]nal & necess>y 9 be+1 #eb4 ,imm5sity an attribute ( ,god1 #ge1 #ha1 #hc1 #hd4 ,in]tia ( matt]1 #bbj1 #bce4 ,inf9ite s]ies a contradiction 9 adjecto1 #ij4 ,int]ception ( =ce by matt]1 #bbj4 ,l4 ,laplace on ! /ability ( ! sol> sy/em1 #aac4 ,laur5t on ,provid5ce1 #bdg4 ,law1 creation by1 #aif2 mean+ ( ! t]m1 #aig-bjj4 ,laycock1 ,dr41 on ! law ( design1 #abi2 on life1 #aib2 on sci5ce1 #aie4 ,life1 di/9ction betwe5 molecul> & individual1 #afc2 molecul>1 ! result ( ! imm$iate pres5ce & ag5cy ( ,god1 #bci2 ! cause1 n ! consequ5ce ( organization1 #bdj4 ,love ! highe/1 det]m9+ pr9ciple ( ! ,div9e effici5cy1 #acj1 #aca4 ,m4 ,mahan1 ,dr4 ,a41 8 fatal concession to ,hume1 #hh2 on an inf9ite s]ies1 #hh2 rejects ! priori argum5t = ! be+ ( ,god1 #hh-ia4 ,mansel on ! conceivability ( a comm5cem5t ( exi/5ce1 #id4 ,m>t9eau ass]ts ! coeval & coet]nal exi/5ce ( some?+ objective to ,god1 #fg2 if true1 w\ld invalidate e pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 #fg1 #fh2 on ! sep>ate sph]es ( religion & sci5ce1 #bif4 ,matt] a creat$ entity1 #ie1 #abe4 ,matt]1 et]nity (1 affirm$ by ,m>t9eau1 #fg2 a fatal admission1 :i* imp]ils ! ,!i/ic argum5t1 #he-ib4 ,matt]1 !ory t1 is a ph5om5on or a function ( =ce1 #abc1 #abd1 #bbh1 #bcf2 a real entity1 #bce4 ,maxwell1 ,pr(41 on ! nature ( matt]1 #abd2 reg>ds matt] z a creat$ entity1 #abe1 #abf2 rejects ! doctr9e ( action at a di/ance1 #bad2 on ! orig9 ( motion1 #bai4 ,mc,cosh conc$es t space & "t are n indep5d5t ( ,god1 #fh2 on proportions ( inf9ite space1 #gd2 on causation 9 ! w1 #cii4 ,me*anical !ory ( ! orig9 ( ?+s1 #bii1 #cjj4 ,me?od ( ! ,div9e gov]nm5t1 #dje-djg2 a probation>y economy1 #djh-daa2 a moral discipl9e1 #daa1 #dab2 an equitable adm9i/ration1 9 :i* responsibility is graduat$ on ! scale ( available light & opportunity1 #dab-daf2 secures an infallible & equitable retribution by connect+ "* & consequ5ce1 #daf1 #dag4 ,mill1 ,j4 ,s41 on ,teleology1 #abh2 on uni=mity ( nature1 #ahi4 ,m9d1 /ages ( developm5t (1 9 ! individual1 #bgf1 #bgg4 ,m9d ! primal s\rce ( all be+1 #ch2 ! fir/ cause ( motion1 #bcf2 ! "o & only s\rce ( p[]1 #bcg4 ,miv>t on unconsci\s intellig5ce1 #bbf4 ,montesquieu1 8 def9ition ( law1 #aih4 ,moral attributes or p]fections ( ,god1 #ea2 an ev]la/+ volunt>y becom+1 #eb1 #fc4 ,moral gov]nm5t1 its gr\nds1 #cea-cfe2 its nature1 #cff-cga2 its subjective conditions1 #cga1 #djd2 its end1 #dag-dai4 ,moral ideas ( ! reason id5tical 9 all m51 #cgh-chj4 ,motion1 orig9 (1 #bai4 ,motives1 moral1 d n act causally on ! w1 #cic-cif2 ! s-call$ /r5g? ( motives discuss$1 #cig-djb4 ,mll] on ,div9e love z ! highe/ det]m9+ pr9ciple ( ! ,div9e effici5cy1 #aca4 ,murphy1 ,j4 ,j41 on unconsci\s intellig5ce1 #bbe2 on matt] & =ce1 #bbg-bbi2 8 doctr9e involves ,pan!ism1 #bbi1 #bcj4 ,n4 ,natural & moral di/+ui%$1 #cfi-cga4 ,nature1 mean+ ( ! t]m1 #aic1 #cbe2 c\rse (1 #cbf2 con/itution (1 #cbf1 #cbi2 controll$ & modifi$ by man1 #cce1 #ccf2 !re=e also controll$ by ,god1 #ccg4 ,nebul> hypo!sis implies a beg9n+1 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,necessit>ians1 !ory (1 #cid1 #cie4 ,newman1 ,john ,h5ry1 8 conception ( ,god1 #ca4 ,newton1 ,sir ,isaac1 8 conception ( ,god1 #bi2 tea*es t ,god con/itutes space & duration1 #fh2 d5ies action at a di/ance1 #bad2 d5ies t gravity is inh]5t 9 & ess5tial to matt]1 #baa1 #bac4 ,niebuhr on ,div9e provid5ce1 #bdf4 ,nitzs* tea*es t ,god is ! cause ( space & "t1 #fi4 ,norton1 ,pr(41 on ,atomic ,=ces1 #bji2 8 doctr9e t atomic repulsion is ! prim>y =ce1 #bbj2 tea*es t ! ,inf9ite ,_s is ! primal s\rce ( all =ce1 #bba1 #bbb4 ,o4 ,omnipot5ce ( ,god & human fre$om1 #cee-cei4 ,ord] ( nature1 facts conc]n+ !1 :i* are suppos$ to conflict ) ! efficacy ( pray]1 #caj4 ,ord] ( ! univ]se _h a beg9n+1 #ih4 ,ori5tal civilization ! infancy ( humanity1 #bge4 ,orig9 ( ?+s1 me*anical !ory ( !1 #bii1 #cjj2 vito-dynamical !ory (1 #bii4 ,orig9ation & =mation1 #ig4 ,ow51 ,pr(4 ,r41 on ! prep>ation ( ! e>? = man1 #bee1 #bef4 ,p4 ,pan!ism1 ! doctr9e ( unconsci\s intellig5ce ends 91 #bbi1 #bcj4 ,p]fect p]sonality ( ,god1 #ea4 ,p]man5ce ( sub/ance1 =ce1 & law1 #ae4 ,p]man5ce ( ! univ]se1 no priori gr\nd = belief 9 !1 #ajj1 #ahh1 #ahi4 ,ph5om5a ( ! univ]se 9 ceaseless *ange1 #ad4 ,physical & spiritual di/+ui%$1 #cfh4 ,physical geography indicates a prep>ation ( ! e>? = man1 #beg4 ,pla/ic nature1 !ory ( a1 #ahc1 #bbb-bce4 ,plato taught t a p]fect m9d is ! primal s\rce ( all exi/5ce1 #ch4 ,port]1 ,dr41 reg>ds space z an entity1 #fi4 ,pray]--h our pray]s any influ5ce ) ! ,supreme ,p[]8 #bib2 importance ( ?is "q1 #bib1 #bic2 natural to man1 #cjb-cjd2 an ess5tial elem5t ( life1 #cjd-caj2 necess>y to ! =mation ( noble "*1 #cjf-cjh2 attacks on ! efficacy (1 f ! /&-po9t ( exp]i5ce1 #cac-cba2 f ! !oretic /&-po9t1 #cba-cch4 ,pray]-gauge1 !1 n pres5t$ 9 t]ms ( exp]i5ce1 & !re=e n capable ( exp]im5tal application1 #cag1 #cah4 ,problem1 ! c5tral1 specifically /at$1 #ba1 #bb4 ,proct] on ,div9e sup]vision & control1 #agf4 ,provid5ce1 /atem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e (1 #bde1 #bdf2 ! c\rse ( human hi/ory a revelation (1 #bdf1 #bdg2 def9$1 #beb2 9 ! physical univ]se1 #bed2 nature & hi/ory ! two great factors ( ,div9e provid5ce1 #beh4 ,r4 ,reality ( ! ext]nal _w1 #ad4 ,relation betwe5 ,god & man--7#a7 contiguity1 #cea-cec2 7#b7 imman5cy1 #cec-cei2 7#c7 pat]nity & filiation1 #cei-cfe4 ,religion1 ! sph]e (1 #bid-big2 inadequate def9ition (1 by ,sp5c]1 #bih2 true conception (1 #bie4 ,religi\s consci\sness1 ! cont5t (1 #cjd1 #cje2 ord] ( developm5t (1 #cdf-cdi4 ,religi\s feel+1 ! facts (1 z inconte/ible z ! facts ( ,physics1 #bif2 /atem5t ( ! facts (1 #cjb-caj4 ,repulsion ! prim>y =ce1 #bbj4 ,ri*t] on ! provid5ce ( ,god 9 hi/ory1 #bdg4 ,roman civilization ! manhood ( ! race1 #bhb-bhe4 ,s4 ,s*lei]ma*] on ! cause ( space & "t1 #fi4 ,sci5ce & ,religion1 ! app>5t antagonism betwe5 !m1 #big1 #bih4 ,sci5ce1 mod]n1 its metaphysical t5d5cy1 #ajc2 ! sph]e ( sci5ce1 #bid-big4 ,self1 ! fundam5tal reality (1 #ac4 ,sol> heat1 dissipation (1 #aaf1 #aag2 mu/ be f9ally exhau/$1 #aah4 ,space--:at is space8 #fi-gh2 is absolute vacuity1 #fi1 #gj2 is an entity1 #fi2 is a relation1 #ga-ge2 confusion ( ?\ght 9 reg>d to1 #ga2 conf\nd$ ) ext5sion1 #gb --by ,hamilton1 #gb1 #gc --by ,mc,cosh1 #gc --by ,c\s91 #gd2 conf\nd$ ) imm5sity1 #gd2 ! relation ( coexi/5ce among ext5d$ bodies1 #hb4 ,special provid5ce & ! efficacy ( pray]1 ! pres5t issue betwe5 sci5ce & religion1 #bia4 ,species1 ! ess5tial elem5t (1 a spiritual entity1 #afd4 ,sp5c] ass]ts t =ce is ! ultimate ( all ultimates1 #be2 8 def9ition ( law1 #aih2 admits t w-=ce symbolizes ! cause ( all *ange1 #dj1 #cda4 ,sp9oza1 8 ass]tion t all det]m9ation is negation1 #dc4 ,_s-=ce ! only =ce 9 ! univ]se1 #bcf4 ,/ew>t1 ,dugald1 on ! impossibility ( annihilat+ space1 #gj2 answ] !reto1 #ga4 ,suffici5t reason1 ! law (1 #ca4 ,symbolical ,hymn ( ,creation1 #adj-adb4 ,t4 ,tait1 ,pr(41 rejects direct action at a di/ance1 #bad4 ,teleological idea ! highe/ law ( ! univ]se1 #abh-acj2 n invalidat$ by ! doctr9e ( evolution1 #aga4 ,temp]ate ,zone1 ! human race comm5c$ its hi/ory 9 !1 #bfd-bfh2 purely zoological data w\ld l5d u to fix t />t+-po9t 9 ! ,torrid ,zone1 #bfh-bgb2 a provid5ce "h reveal$1 #bgc1 #bgd4 ,temporal "* ( ! univ]se1 #ih2 ! ord] ( ! univ]se _h a beg9n+1 #ih2 ?is has be5 ! common belief ( all ages1 #ii2 all philosoph]s h recogniz$ a beg9n+1 #aja2 mod]n sci5ce su/a9s ?is belief1 #ajb1 #ajc2 ,geology po9ts back to a beg9n+1 #ajd-aaj2 a/ronomical paletiology confirms ! law ( f9ite duration1 #aaj-aah2 ,physics especially su/a9s ! belief1 #aah-aba4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 8 notion ( cons]vation1 #agg4 ,?omson1 ,sir ,william1 on secul> cool+ ( ! e>?1 #ajg1 #ajh2 on dissipation ( en]gy1 #aai1 #abj2 on ! argum5t f design1 #abi2 rejects direct action at a di/ance1 #bad2 on life1 #bdj4 ,tidal friction dissipates me*anical en]gy1 #aae4 ,"t or ,succession1 :at is x8 #gh2 conf\nd$ by mo/ philosoph]s ) duration1 #ge1 & ) et]nity1 #ge2 consequ5ces ( ?is confusion1 #gf2 answ] ( ,mc,cosh1 #gh2 ( ,dr4 ,port]1 #hj2 "t ! measure ( f9ite duration1 #hc4 ,trans=mation ( en]gy1 #bjh2 illu/rations (1 #bcg4 ,transitive or relative attributes ( ,god1 #ej4 ,tyndall on impossibilities 9 nature1 #aif2 on ! c]ta9ty ( ! facts ( religi\s exp]i5ce1 #bif2 admits t ! great problem ( ! age is to f9d a legitimate satisfaction = ! religi\s emotions1 #cjj2 prescribes ! conditions "u :i* x mu/ be solv$1 #cja2 admits t religion c n be dislodg$ f ! he>t ( man1 #cjd2 believes 9 ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 #cab2 8 attack on ! efficacy ( pray] f ! /&-po9t ( sci5ce1 #cba-cch2 does n d5y t ,god may create en]gy1 #ccb2 admits ! int]f]5ce ( p]sonal volition 9 nature1 #ccb-ccd2 grants t ! conception ( a univ]sal ,fa!r :o controls ! ph5om5a ( nature is n unsci5tific1 #ccg2 di/+ui%es betwe5 ! =ce :i* animates nature & ! ,god :o answ]s pray]1 #cch-cdj4 ,u4 ,uncondition$ ,w ! pr9ciple ( all reality1 effici5cy1 & p]fection1 #cd1 #da-dh4 ,unconsci\s intellig5ce1 doctr9e (1 #bbe2 impossibility ( =m+ any conception (1 #bbf1 #bbg2 no difficulties reliev$ by ?is hypo!sis1 #bcb-bce4 ,uni=mity ( ,nature1 mean+ ( ! t]m1 #aic-aif1 #cbe-ccj4 ,uni=mity ( ! c\rse ( nature n an intuitive belief1 #ii1 #ahh-aij1 #cba1 #cbf2 an assumption1 #cbb2 :at gr\nd is !re = ?is assumption8 #cbb-cbd4 ,unity1 dem& ( ! reason =1 #bc4 ,unity ( ! ,cosmos1 #ae4 ,univ]sal beliefs1 au?ority (1 #ajj1 #aja4 ,univ]sal ,fa!r controll+ nature a sci5tific conception1 #ccf1 #ccg4 ,univ]se an effect1 #ba2 _h a comm5cem5t 9 "t1 & w !re=e h an end1 #ih-aba2 n a cons]vative b a dissipative sy/em1 #aah-aba2 dep5d5t on ! ,div9e cons]vation e mom5t1 #agd-agg4 ,v4 ,vito-dynamical !ory ( ! orig9 ( ?+s1 #bii4 ,volition1 reality ( p]sonal1 #ccd4 ,w4 ,wallace on unconsci\s intellig5ce1 #bbf2 reg>ds all =ce z w-=ce1 #ci4 ,wesley on ,div9e cons]vation ( ! _w1 #agi4 ,:$on1 ,dr41 on causation 9 ! w1 #cij-cia2 on ! s-call$ /r5g? ( motives1 #cif1 #cig1 #cii1 #djj2 on ,div9e =ekn[l$ge1 #djd2 on equation ( probational advantages1 #dae4 ,:ewell1 ,pr(41 on law & cause1 #bjj2 on ! orig9 ( =ce1 #cda4 ,w ! f\nta9-head ( all =ce1 #ch2 s recognis$ by sci5ti/s1 #ci1 #dj2 ?is doctr9e ! balanc+-po9t ( a moral !ism1 #cg4 ,w1 ! fre$om ( !1 #chj-chg2 direct te/imony ( consci\sness1 #cha-chd2 presuppos$ by ! idea ( moral obligation1 #chd1 #che2 & by ! s5se ( obligation1 #che1 #chf4 ,w ! real ess5ce ( ! s\l1 #ce1 #cf2 is m ?an m]e p[] ( en]gy1 #ce2 ! syn!sis ( reason & p[]1 #aig4 ,w1 ! uncondition$1 #cd2 ! absolute fir/ pr9ciple1 #be2 ! ,div9e w ! s\rce ( all ! =ms ( =ce 9 ! univ]se1 #bcg4 ,w9*ell1 ,dr41 on surface trans=mations ( ! e>?1 #aji2 on mol> aggregation1 #afb2 on species1 #afd2 on ! h>mony betwe5 ! ,mosaic & geological records1 #aee4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,! ,old ,fai? & ! ,new1 vol4 i4 p4 #ajg4 ,footnote #b3 ,ibid4 vol4 i4 p4 #c4 ,footnote #c3 ,ibid4 vol4 i4 p4 #aeh4 ,footnote #d3 ,! ,old ,fai? & ! ,new1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ce4 ,footnote #e3 ,ibid4 vol4 ii4 p4 #ai4 ,footnote #f3 ,! ,old ,fai? & ! ,new1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bac4 ,footnote #g3 ,ueb]weg's ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 ii4 p4 #da4 ,footnote #h3 ,ueb]weg's ,logic1 p4 #ia4 ,footnote #i3 ,?is is m\rnfully conc$$ by ,geo4 ,h5ry ,lewes 7an av[$ ,comtean73 ,no army ( argum5t1 no accumulation ( contempt1 no hi/orical exhibition ( ! fruitlessness ( its ef=t1 has suffic$ to extirpate ! t5d5cy t[>d metaphysical speculation4 ,al?\gh its doctr9es h become a sc(f 7except among ! valiant few71 its me?od /ill survives1 /ill prompts to r5ew$ rese>*1 & /ill misleads "s m5 ( sci5ce4 ,9 va9 ,hi/ory po9ts to ! failure ( tw5ty c5turies2 ! metaphysician admits ! fact1 b appeals to ,hi/ory 9 pro( ( ! p]si/5t passion :i* no failure c dismay2 & h5ce draws confid5ce 9 ultimate success4 ,a cause :i* is vigor\s aft] c5turies ( defeat is a cause baffl$ b n hopeless1 beat5 b n subdu$4 ,! ranks ( its army may be ?9n$1 its bann]s torn & mud-/a9$2 b ! indomitable en]gy breaks out anew1 & ! fight is cont9u$4--,problems ( ,life & ,m9d1 p4 #g4 ,footnote #aj3 ,e religion may be def9$ z an priori !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,! surr\nd+ facts be+ giv51 "s =m ( ag5cy is alleg$ :i*1 9 ! op9ion ( ^! alleg+ x1 acc\nts = ^! facts4444 ,nay1 ev5 t :i* is commonly reg>d$ z ! negation ( all religion--ev5 positive ,a!ism1 comes )9 ! def9ition2 = x1 too1 9 ass]t+ ! self-exi/5ce ( ,space1 ,matt]1 & ,motion1 :i* x reg>ds z adequate causes ( e appe>ance1 prop\nds an priori !ory f :i* x holds ! facts to be d$ucible4--,sp5c]1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #dc4 ,footnote #aa3 ,philosophy beg9s 9 wond]3 he 0 n a bad g5ealogi/ :o said t ,isis1 ! mess5g] ( ,heav51 is ! *ild ( ,?aumas 7,wond]72 = ,wond] is ! feel+ ( a philosoph]4--,plato1 ,!tetus1 #aee4 ,footnote #ab3 ,plato1 ,timu1 #i4 ,footnote #ac3 ,b*n]1 ,matt] & ,=ce1 pp4 #a-bg4 ,footnote #ad3 ,sp5c]1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 pp4 #bce1 #bcf4 ,footnote #ae3 ,hegel1 ,philosophy ( ,religion1 vol4 i4 p4 #bja4 ,footnote #af3 ,spiritual ,philosophy ( ,col]idge1 by ,gre51 vol4 i4 pp4 #a1 #b4 ,footnote #ag3 ,isaiah xliii4 #ac2 ,exod4 iii4 #ad3 ,i am t ,i am4 ,footnote #ah3 ,we c see ! sun1 we c greet x 9 ! morn+ & m\rn = x 9 ! ev5+1 )\t necess>ily nam+ x1 t is to say1 compreh5d+ x "u "s g5]al notion4 ,x is ! same ) ! p]ception ( ! ,div9e4 ,x may h be5 p]ceiv$1 m5 may h welcom$ x or ye>n$ aft] x1 long be=e !y knew h[ to "n x4--,max ,mll]1 ,sci5ce ( ,language1 #b;d ,s]ies1 p4 #ded4 ,footnote #ai3 ,m$itations1 vol4 i4 p4 #cac4 ,footnote #bj3 ,works1 vol4 i4 p4 #bah2 vol4 v4 p4 #ah2 ,hamilton's ,philosophy1 p4 #agf2 ,murphy's ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #acj4 ,footnote #ba3 ,morell1 ,philosophy ( ,religion1 p4 #c4 ,footnote #bb3 ,mll]1 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 i4 p4 #bh4 ,footnote #bc3 ,gre51 ,spiritual ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #b4 ,footnote #bd3 ,morell1 ,psy*ology1 p4 #fa4 ,footnote #be3 ,c\s91 ,elem5ts ( ,psy*ology1 p4 #deb4 ,footnote #bf3 ,m>t9eau's ,essays1 p4 #ahh1 #b;d ,s]ies4 ,footnote #bg3 ,timu1 *4 ix4 ,footnote #bh3 ,philebus1 #ej4 ,footnote #bi3 ,sophi/1 #gb4 ,footnote #cj3 ,timu1 *4 ix4 x4 ,footnote #ca3 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #aii4 ,footnote #cb3 ,outl9es ( ,a/ronomy1 pp4 #bcc-d2 also ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5tific ,subjects1 pp4 #dfb1 #dge4 ,footnote #cc3 ,human ,physiology1 p4 #edb2 also art4 ,on ,mutual ,relation ( ,vital & ,physical ,=ces1 ,philosophical ,transactions1 p4 #gcj4 ,footnote #cd3 ,natural ,selection1 p4 #cfh4 ,see ,miv>t1 ,g5esis ( ,species1 p4 #bih2 ,laycock1 ,m9d & ,bra91 vol4 i4 pp4 #bbe1 #cjd2 ,murphy1 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #ea4 ,footnote #ce3 ,reign ( ,law1 pp4 #abc1 #abi2 ,cooke1 ,religion & ,*emi/ry1 p4 #cdj4 ,footnote #cf3 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #bce4 ,see also ,*allis1 ,pr9ciples ( ,ma!matics & ,physics1 p4 #fha4 ,footnote #cg3 ,comte1 ,l',ensemble du ,positivisme1 p4 #df4 ,footnote #ch3 ,m',vic>1 ,sket* ( ,philosophy1 p4 #h4 ,footnote #ci3 ,^! t]ms are frequ5tly & some:at loosely employ$ z synonym\s2 b 9 reality ea* has its own peculi> %ade ( mean+4 ,"h we employ ! t]m ,absolute to d5ote ! und]iv$1 indep5d5t1 incomposite1 & immutable4 ,inf9ite is employ$ to d5ote ! abs5ce ( all limitation--t :i* c n be b\nd$1 measur$1 quantifi$4 ,p]fect is employ$ to d5ote t :i* is complete1 f9i%$1 self-suffici5t--t :i* has no defect & no want4 ,! uncondition$ is a g5us1 ( :i* ! ,inf9ite1 ,absolute1 & ,p]fect are species--n condition$ by quantity1 k9d1 or degree4 ,= ! ,inf9ite !re are no limits2 = ! ,absolute no p>ts1 no equals1 & no *ange2 = ! ,p]fect no wants4 ,see ,cald]wood1 ,philosophy ( ! ,inf9ite1 p4 #agi2 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,oct4 #ahfd1 pp4 #djg1 #dag4 ,footnote #dj3 ,saisset1 ,mod]n ,pan!ism1 vol4 ii4 p4 #gj4 ,footnote #da3 ,! idea ( ,god is ! unity ( ?ree factors--! logical 7intellig5ce71 ! e?ical 7love71 & ! physical 7might74--,dr4 ,m>t5s51 ,die ,*ri/li*e ,e?ik1 #ai4 ,footnote #db3 ,dr4 ,:$on1 ,me?4 ,qu4 ,review1 ,jan4 #i1 #ahga1 p4 #afd4 ,footnote #dc3 ,z relat$ to ! purpose ( ,r$emption4 ,god ! ,fa!r is ! mov+ or actuat+ cause ( ,r$emption1 ,god ! ,son is ! reveal+ & actualiz+ cause1 & ,god ! ,_s is ! active & effici5t cause4 ,fa!r ,love2 ,logos ,reveal]2 ,_s ,life4 ,footnote #dd3 ,! ,ju/ice1 ,tru?1 & ,fai?fulness ( ,god are n prop]ly reg>d$ z attributes ( ! ,div9e nature1 b z modes ( ,div9e conduct or action1 det]m9$ by ! ,hol9ess & ,goodness ( ,god4 ,s ,grace1 ,m]cy1 ,compassion are b modifications ( ,div9e ,love view$ 9 relation to s9ful1 guilty1 & suff]+ creatures1 & _! consid]ation belongs n to ! doctr9e ( ,creation1 b ( ,r$emption4 ,footnote #de3 ,:$on1 ,on ! ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #caf4 ,footnote #df3 ,= an exhau/ive discussion ( ?is subject1 see ,mll]1 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 ii4 pp4 #aii-bae4 ,footnote #dg3 ,we make no pret5sions to critical acqua9tance ) ! ,hebrew1 b w haz>d ?is sugge/ion1 7aysah7 is ! mo/ g5]al t]m2 its fundam5tal mean+ is to d1 to p]=m1 to "w1 & may embrace bo? orig9ation & =mation4 7b>a7 & 7yets>7 are m specific1 ! =m] d5ot+ ! orig9ation ( a new ess5ce or sub/ance1 ! latt] =mation or fa%ion+ out ( pre-exi/+ mat]ials4 ,?us we read 9 ,g54 ii4 #g3 ,& ! ,"l ,god =m$ man i4 e41 ! body ( man out ( ! du/ ( ! e>?4 ,"h we h pre-exi/+ matt]4 ,b 9 ,g54 i4 #bg we read1 ,& ,god creat$ man i4 e41 ! s\l ( man 9 8 own image4 ,"h we h no pre-exi/+ mat]ial1 = matt] c n be> ! image ( ,god4 7,see ,acts xvii4 #bi47 ,b>a mu/ !re=e "h mean orig9ation4 ,ev5 9 ,g54 i4 #ba1 :]e b>a is employ$ 9 reg>d to ! production ( liv+ creatures1 we h ! orig9ation ( some?+ new3 = vitality1 s5sitivity1 p]ception are n prop]ties ( matt]1 nei!r c !y be educ$ f any organization ( matt]4 ,footnote #dh3 ,we c n help reg>d+ ?is mode ( reason+ z sup]ficial & mislead+4 ,g54 i4 #bg1 ,s ,god creat$ man 9 8 own image1 ref]s to ! spiritual nature ( man :i* alone c be> ! image ( ,god1 & mu/ mean orig9ation4 ,g54 ii4 #g1 ,& ! ,"l ,god =m$ man out ( ! du/ ( ! e>?1 ref]s solely to ! body ( man4 ,?is di/9ction c sc>cely be accid5tal4 ,footnote #di3 ,james i4 #ag4 ,footnote #ej3 ,rom4 xi4 #cf4 ,footnote #ea3 ,lange's ,comm5t>y1 ,introduction4 ,footnote #eb3 ,we c n ov]look ! connection betwe5 ,g54 i4 #a & ,john i4 #a1 & close our eyes to ! light :i* ! lat] ann\ncem5t ?r[s ^u ! =m]4 ,x is mo/ probable t by ,john means 1 9 et]nity--t is1 be=e all "t-succession began4 "h c h no relation to "t4 ,& :y may we n accept ! ,platonic notion ( a creation 9 et]nity1 :i* itself con/itut$ a beg9n+ ( "t8 ,prior to f9ite succession & *ange1 !re c be no "t4 ,footnote #ec3 ,god be+ limit$ nei!r 9 nor by any o!r exi/5ce1 is inf9ite 9 a positive s5se1 inasmu* z 8 w alone imposes all limitation4--,ulrici1 ,gott und die ,natur1 #ahfb1 p4 #ece4 ,footnote #ed3 ,natura--t :i* is produc$ or born1 t :i* is always becom+4 ,ess5tia--! fundam5tal1 p]man5t be+4 ,see note #a 7,next footnote47 ,footnote #ee3 ,we ,arm9ians hold t ,god is freely good f et]nity to et]nity1 j z man is good freely & alt]natively = "o h\r4 ,inf9ite k does n insure inf9ite goodness4 ,inf9ite k 7:i* is a v diff]5t ?+ f inf9ite wisdom7 is n an ant]ior cause ( inf9ite goodness2 b bo? ,inf9ite ,wisdom & ,inf9ite ,hol9ess consi/ 9 & result f ,god's volitions et]nally1 & absolutely1 p]fectly co9cid+ )1 n ! ,wrong1 b ! ,"r4 ,god's inf9ite k omnisci5ce1 is an et]nal1 fix$1 necess>y be-+2 ,god's wisdom & hol9ess are an et]nal volitional ,,becom+2 an et]nally free1 alt]native putt+ =? ( *oices = ! ,"r4 ,god's omnisci5ce is self-exi/5t2 ,god's wisdom & hol9ess are self-made1 or et]nally & cont9u\sly be+ made4 ,god is necess>ily omnipot5t & all-kn[+ ?r\gh et]nity1 b ,god is truly wise & holy ?r\gh all et]nity1 b no m necess>ily ?an a man ?r\gh a s+le h\r4 ,god is holy !re=e1 n automatically1 b freely2 n m]ely ) inf9ite excell5ce1 b ) inf9ite m]itori\sness4--,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #caf4 ,footnote #ef3 ,lange1 ,comm5t>y on ,g54 i41 p4 #ahj4 ,footnote #eg3 ,poynt+1 quot$ by ,m>t9eau 9 ,nature & ,god1 p4 #aec4 ,footnote #eh3 ,see also ,heb4 i4 ,footnote #ei3 ,see ,mll]'s ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 ii4 p4 #adf4 ,footnote #fj3 ,saisset1 ,mod]n ,pan!ism1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aai4 ,footnote #fa3 ,hi/ory ( ,mod]n ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #id4 ,footnote #fb3 ,essays1 #a/ ,s]ies1 pp4 #aeh1 #afa4 ,footnote #fc3 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #cg4 ,footnote #fd3 ,mll]1 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 ii4 p4 #bae4 ,footnote #fe3 ,essays1 #a/ ,s]ies1 p4 #afa4 ,footnote #ff3 ,essays1 #a/ ,s]ies1 p4 #bjc4 ,footnote #fg3 ,deus durat semp] et ade/ ubique1 et exi/5do semp] et ubique durationem et spatium1 t]nitatem et inf9itatem con/ituit4--,pr9cipia1 ,s*ol4 ,g54 ,footnote #fh3 ,mod]n ,pan!ism1 vol4 i4 p4 #ahj4 ,footnote #fi3 ,intuitions1 p4 #bac4 ,footnote #gj3 ,sy/em ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 by ,nitzs*1 pp4 #aef-g4 ,footnote #ga3 ,! ,human ,intellect1 p4 #efe4 ,footnote #gb3 ,july1 #ahfd4 ,footnote #gc3 ,/ew>t's ,diss]tation 9 ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 vol4 i4 p4 #adb4 ,footnote #gd3 ,ev5 physical sci5ce rejects ! notion ( pure space1 & x may be reasonably d\bt$ :e!r absolute vacuity has any place 9 ! univ]se ( ,god4 ,z a "q ( sci5ce1 ! exi/5ce ( ! vacuum is d\btful4 ,x may be safely ass]t$ t hi!rto all attempts at produc+ a p]fect vacuum h fail$4--,grove1 ,correlation ( ,physical ,=ces1 p4 #acd4 ,! g5]al t5d5cy ( sci5ce is t[>d a d5ial ( its exi/5ce 7p4 #acg74 ,z a "q ( metaphysics1 ! human reason c only f9d satisfaction 9 believ+ 9 a spiritual ,be+1 a liv+ ,w :i* inhabite? et]nity & imm5sity1 & fille? all 9 all ) liv+ & life-giv+ fullness1 s t 9 ,him we live & move & h be+4--,mc,cosh1 ,intuitions ( ! ,m9d1 p4 #bbe4 ,footnote #ge3 ,by empty space ,i mean di/ance1 ,i mean direction3 t /eeple is a mile (f1 & n "h :]e ,i sit1 & x lies s\!a/ & n nor?4--,h]s*el1 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5tific ,subjects1 p4 #dee4 ,footnote #gf3 ,taylor1 ,physical ,!ory ( ,ano!r ,life1 p4 #bf4 ,footnote #gg3 ,! idea ( space--! idea ( ext5sion--is ! logical condition ( ! admission ( ! idea ( ! body4--,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bag4 ,footnote #gh3 ,ext5sion is only ano!r "n = space4--,lectures on ,metaphysics1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aac4 ,footnote #gi3 ,space & ext5sion are conv]tible t]ms4--,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #dh4 ,footnote #hj3 ,see ,intuitions1 p4 #bbc1 :]e ! t]ms are employ$ z synonym\s4 ,footnote #ha3 ,l'imm5sit ou l'unit de l'espace4--,c\s91 ,hi/oire de la ,philosophie du xviiime ,sicle1 p4 #aba4 ,inf9ity ( ext5sion4--,mc,cosh1 ,intuitions1 p4 #bbc4 ,inf9ite imm5sity ( space4--,hamilton1 ,discussions1 p4 #cf4 ,footnote #hb3 ,lectures1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #aad1 #afg4 ,footnote #hc3 ,intuitions1 p4 #bjb4 ,footnote #hd3 ,lectures1 vol4 ii4 p4 #afi4 ,footnote #he3 ,lectures1 vol4 ii4 p4 #agj ,footnote #hf3 ,discussions1 etc41 p4 #cf4 ,footnote #hg3 ,philosophy1 p4 #ceg4 ,footnote #hh3 ,intuitions1 p4 #bjh4 ,footnote #hi3 ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #gg4 ,footnote #ij3 ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bbd4 ,footnote #ia3 ,:5 ! succession ( ideas ceases1 our p]ception ( duration ceases ) x4--,locke1 ,essays 7bk4 ii4 *4 xiv4 #d74 ,footnote #ib3 ,"t & duration are conf\nd$ by ,mc,cosh 7,intuitions1 p4 #bbc71 by ,mahan 7,intellectual ,philosophy1 p4 #bb71 & by ,c\s9 7,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bbi74 ,footnote #ic3 ,absolute "t is et]nity 7,c\s91 ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #gg74 ,l't]nit ou l'unit de temps 7,hi/oire de la ,philosophie du xviiime ,sicle1 p4 #aba74 ,et]nity is ! synonym ( pure "t 7,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,april1 #ahfd1 p4 #aae74 ,footnote #id3 ,m9d is no?+ b ! s]ies ( our feel+s z !y actually occur1 ) ! addition ( inf9ite possibilities ( feel+ 7,exam9ation ( ,hamilton's ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #bec74 ,footnote #ie3 ,intuitions1 p4 #bjf4 ,footnote #if3 ,intuitions1 p4 #bjf4 ,footnote #ig3 ,intuitions1 p4 #beb4 ,footnote #ih3 ,hamilton's ,lectures1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ebg4 ,footnote #ii3 ,mc,cosh1 ,intuitions1 p4 #bje2 ,saisset1 ,mod4 ,pan!ism1 vol4 i4 p4 #aic4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,hamilton's ,logic1 p4 #ee4 ,footnote #aja3 ,intuitions1 p4 #baa4 ,see also ,port]'s ,human ,intellect1 p4 #efg4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,intuitions1 p4 #baa4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,/range z x may s\nd1 ,dr4 ,mc,cosh says1 at p4 #bjb1 t we h an imm$iate k ( space 9 ! concrete by ! s5ses1 & "h he ass]ts t space is n a sub/ance1 & !re=e c n be p]ceiv$4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,opuscula1 p4 #geb4 ,footnote #aje3 ,discussions1 p4 #cf4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,philosophy ( ! ,inf9ite1 pp4 #cai1 #cca4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,mod]n ,pan!ism1 vol4 i4 p4 #aib4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,philosophy ( ! ,inf9ite1 p4 #cjj4 ,footnote #aji3 ,philosophy ( ! ,inf9ite1 p4 #cca4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,mll]1 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 i4 p4 #bdc4 ,footnote #aaa3 ,famili> ,lectures1 p4 #dee4 ,footnote #aab3 ,m>t9eau's ,essays1 #a/ ,s]ies1 p4 #aeh4 ,footnote #aac3 ,m>t9eau's ,essays1 #a/ ,s]ies1 p4 #afa4 ,footnote #aad3 ,in/itutes ( ,!ology1 vol4 i4 pp4 #gf1 #gi4 ,footnote #aae3 ,natural ,!ology1 p4 #bc4 ,! practice s common among writ]s ( ,natural ,!ology ( fix+ ^u "o l9e ( pro( ( ! be+ ( ,god z ! only valid me?od1 & !n disp>ag+ & endeavor+ to %[ ! invalidity ( all o!rs1 is highly repreh5sible4 ,! /ronge/ argum5ts employ$ by ! ,a!i/s h be5 cull$ f ! writ+s ( ^! ecc5tric !ologians4 ,9 ! celebrat$ public discussion betwe5 ,mr4 ,holyoake1 ! lead] ( ! ,secul>i/s 9 ,engl&1 & ,mr4 ,br9dley1 ,on ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 ! mo/ tell+ argum5ts ( ,mr4 ,holyoake 7 drawn f ! /&>d works on ,natural ,!ology4 ,h[ mu* m rational & comm5dable is ! c\rse ( ! philosoph]3 ,!re are diff]5t pro(s ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,! consol+ result ( my /udies is t ^! diff]5t pro(s are m or less /rict 9 =m1 b !y h all a dep? ( tru? :i* ne$s only to be dis5gag$ & put 9 a cle> light 9 ord] to give inconte/able au?ority4 ,e ?+ leads to ,god4 ,!re is no bad way ( arriv+ at ,him1 b we g to ,him by diff]5t pa?s4--,c\s91 ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dah4 ,! argum5t = ! be+ ( a ,god 9 its complet5ess is at once ,ontological & ,cosmological1 ,etiological & ,teleological4 ,x is 9 ! concurr5ce & syn!sis ( ^! sep>ate b h>moni\s l9es ( pro( t we h an unansw]able demon/ration4 ,= ourselves1 we are conv9c$1 ) ,neitzs*1 t ! ,ontological pro( is fir/ & la/2 !y :o seek to invalidate ?is cut ! gr\nd f "u all ! re/4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,h]s*el's ,outl9es ( ,a/ronomy1 p4 #eaa4 ,footnote #aag3 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,octob]1 #ahfd1 p4 #dbh4 ,footnote #aah3 ,by f9ite we g5]ally mean t :i* is )9 rea*1 or may be br\ght )9 rea* ( our s5ses4444 ,! p[]s1 !re=e1 ( our s5ses & m9d place ! limit to ! f9ite1 b ^? magnitudes :i* sev]ally transc5d ^! limits1 by reason ( _! be+ too great or too small1 we call inf9ite & inf9itesimal4--,price1 ,inf9itesimal ,calculus1 vol4 i4 pp4 #ab1 #ac4 ,footnote #aai3 ,m>t9eau1 ,essays1 #a/ ,s]ies1 p4 #afa4 ,footnote #abj3 ,hamilton1 ,metaphysics1 vol4 ii4 p4 #eci4 ,footnote #aba3 ,argyll1 ,reign ( ,law1 p4 #aag4 ,footnote #abb3 ,essays1 #a/ ,s]ies1 p4 #bjf4 ,footnote #abc3 ,lectures1 vol4 ii4 p4 #djf4 ,footnote #abd3 ,prolegom5a1 p4 #bfg-bfi4 ,footnote #abe3 ,see ,locke's ,human ,und]/&+1 bk4 iv4 *4 x41 :]e a simil> l9e ( argum5t is pursu$4 ,footnote #abf3 ,s*ell51 ,spectrum ,analysis1 p4 #de4 ,footnote #abg3 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 ,natural ,philosophy1 #bh4 ,footnote #abh3 ,on ,molecules1 ,lecture at ! ,briti% ,association at ,brad=d1 9 ,nature1 vol4 viii4 p4 #dda4 ,footnote #abi3 ,god is n m]ely _s1 b ,he has ^u ,himself a reali/ic nature4 ,god did n create ! _w out ( an absolute no?+4 ,! some?+ out ( :i* ,god creat$ x are 8 et]nal pot5tialities--n m]ely logical 7m]ely conceiv$ by ,god71 b at ! same "t also physical 7ess5tially 9 ,god exi/+7 pot5tialities4 ,9 ^! ,god possesses bo? ! some?+ out ( :i* ,he makes ! _w1 & also ! =ces1 in/rum5ts1 & means by :i* ,he produces x4 ,9 ?is s5se x is lit]ally true3 ,all ?+s are ( ,god 7,rom4 xi4 #cc74 ,?is admission ( a supramat]ial physis 9 ,god--?is spiritual realism--furni%es n only an escape f ! errors ( a lifeless mat]ialism & ( an ab/ract spiritualism1 b is ! syn!sis ( ! p>tial tru? t is 9 bo?4--,biblio!ca ,sacra1 ,janu>y1 #ahgc1 p4 #aia4 ,footnote #acj3 ,lange's ,comm5t>y1 ,prelim9>y ,essay1 p4 #abf4 ,footnote #aca3 ,see ,:ewell's ,hi/ory ( ,sci5tific ,ideas1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bhg4 ,footnote #acb3 ,*4 ,,xxxiv4 ,footnote #acc3 ,:ewell's ,hi/ory ( ,inductive ,sci5ces1 vol4 ii4 p4 #eic4 ,footnote #acd3 ,sp5c]1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #d4 ,footnote #ace3 ,sp5c]1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #dc4 ,footnote #acf3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #ab4 ,footnote #acg3 ,inaugural ,address be=e ! ,briti% ,association ( ,sci5ce1 9 ,nature1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bfi4 ,footnote #ach3 ,positive ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #bjf4 ,footnote #aci3 ,philosophy ( ,ari/otle1 p4 #ff4 ,footnote #adj3 ,pr(4 ,p4 ,g4 ,tait1 ,m4,a41 op5+ ,address at ! ,ed9burgh ,meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association ( ,sci5ce1 9 ,nature1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bga4 ,see also ,pr(4 ,maxwell's ,address at ! ,liv]pool ,meet+1 9 ,nature1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dbb4 ,footnote #ada3 ,mill]'s ,te/imony ( ! ,rocks1 p4 #bba4 ,footnote #adb3 ,sir ,william ,?omson supposes t temp]ature to h be5 at lea/ #gjjj ,fahr4 ,see ,?omson & ,tait's ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #gaf4 ,footnote #adc3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #aeh4 ,footnote #add3 ,?omson & ,tait1 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #gad4 ,w9*ell1 ,sket*es ( ,creation1 p4 #djg4 ,footnote #ade3 ,may]1 ,cele/ial ,dynamics3 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #cae4 ,! palobotani/ ,he] has describ$ _m species ( tropical plants f ,gre5l&1 ,alaska1 & ,spitzb]g54 ,footnote #adf3 ,?omson & ,tait1 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #gad4 ,obs]vations on ov] =ty artesian wells 9 ,c5tral ,alabama %[ an av]age increase ( temp]ature ( #a = e #dg feet ( desc5t4--,dr4 ,w9*ell1 9 ,proce$+s ( ,am]ican ,association1 "p ii4 p4 #ajb4 ,footnote #adg3 ,?omson & ,tait1 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #gad4 ,footnote #adh3 ,p\illet e/imates t ! heat :i* rea*es ! surface ( ! e>? f its int]ior at #bjj cubic miles p] diem4 ,a cubic mile is ! quantity ( heat necess>y to raise a cubic mile ( wat] #a ,c5tigrade 9 temp]ature4 ,footnote #adi3 ,?omson & ,tait1 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #gaf4 ,footnote #aej3 ,?omson & ,tait1 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #gba4 ,footnote #aea3 ,see ,w9*ell's ,sket*es ( ,creation1 *ap4 xxxvi4 ,footnote #aeb3 ,proctor1 ,o!r ,worlds ?an ,ours1 p4 #aic4 ,m likely ^! h be5 totally absorb$ by ! lun> rocks4--,dr4 ,w9*ell4 ,footnote #aec3 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( =ces1 p4 #bde4 ,footnote #aed3 ,nor? ,am]ican ,review1 ,oct41 #ahfa1 pp4 #cgb-c4 ,footnote #aee3 ,mit*ell's ,planet>y & ,/ell> ,worlds1 p4 #adc4 ,footnote #aef3 ,tyndall1 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #ace4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,quot$ by ,may]1 ,cele/ial ,dynamics3 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #bga4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,outl9es ( ,a/ronomy1 p4 #cjh4 ,footnote #aei3 ,?omson & ,tait1 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #aia4 ,footnote #afj3 ,?omson & ,tait1 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #aia4 ,balf\r ,/ew>t1 ,treatise on ,heat1 p4 #cgb4 ,footnote #afa3 ,?omson & ,tait1 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #aid2 also ,helmholtz1 9 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #bdb4 ,footnote #afb3 ,w9*ell1 ,sket*es ( ,creation1 p4 #dbb4 ,if ! :ole sol> radiation 7 employ$ 9 dissolv+ a lay] ( ice inclos+ ! sun1 x w\ld dissolve a /ratum t5 miles & a half ?ick 9 "o day4 ,footnote #afc3 ,helmholtz1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #bde4 ,footnote #afd3 ,en]gy is n[ def9$ z ! p[] ( do+ "w1 t is1 ! p[]1 9 virtue ( its position 7z a head ( wat]1 a rais$ mass1 a coil$ spr+7 or 9 virtue ( its motion 7z a fall+ mass1 a curr5t ( w9d1 a projectile71 to d "w4 ,! fir/ is call$ ,pot5tial1 ! second ,k9etic ,en]gy4 ,besides ^! in/ances ( ,visible ,en]gy1 !re is also ,invisible ,molecul> ,en]gy1 divid$ into1 7a7 ! ,en]gy ( electricity 9 motion2 7b7 ! ,en]gy ( radiant heat & light2 7c7 ! k9etic ,en]gy ( absorb$ heat2 7d7 molecul> pot5tial ,en]gy2 7e7 pot5tial ,en]gy caus$ by electrical sep>ation2 7f7 pot5tial ,en]gy caus$ by *emical sep>ation4 ,( ^! diff]5t k9ds ( ,en]gy1 ! mo/ available = "w is ,me*anical ,en]gy1 or ,en]gy ( visible motions & positions2 ! lea/ available is univ]sal heat1 or radiant ,en]gy4 ,footnote #afe3 ,see article ,en]gy1 9 ,nor? ,briti% ,review1 ,may1 #ahfd1 & ,balf\r ,/ew>t's ,treatise on ,heat1 p4 #cgj4 ,footnote #aff3 ,/ew>t's ,elem5ts ( ,physics1 p4 #ceg4 ,footnote #afg3 ,die ,naturkrfte 9 ihr] ,we*selbeziehung1 p4 #hi4 ,footnote #afh3 ,correlation ( ,physical ,=ces1 p4 #ahg4 ,footnote #afi3 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 ,july1 #ahfd4 ,footnote #agj3 ,argyll1 ,reign ( ,law1 p4 #aba4 ,footnote #aga3 ,sir ,isaac ,newton ent]ta9$ a simil> op9ion4 ,we may be able1 he said1 to =m "s rude conception ( ! creation ( matt]1 if we suppose t ,god by 8 p[] _h prev5t$ ! entrance ( any ?+ into a c]ta9 portion ( pure space :i* is ( its nature p5etrable1444 f h5ce=w>d ?is portion ( space w be end[$ ) imp5etrability1 "o ( ! ess5tial qualities ( matt]2 & z pure space is absolutely uni=m1 we h only to suppose t ,god communicat$ ! same imp5etrability to ano!r portion ( space1 & we %\ld obta9 9 a c]ta9 sort ! notion ( mobility1 ano!r quality :i* is ess5tial to matt]4--,m4 ,co/e1 ,note 9 ! #d? ,edition ( 8 ,fr5* ,translation ( ,locke's ,essay4 7,m4 ,co/e reports ! above f ,newton's lips47 ,footnote #agb3 ,pr(4 ,maxwell1 9 ,nature1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bai4 ,footnote #agc3 ,m4 ,claude ,b]n>d1 ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 #ahfg4 ,footnote #agd3 ,diss]tation on ! ,/udy ( ,natural ,philosophy1 #bh4 ,footnote #age3 ,pr(4 ,cl]k ,maxwell1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,lecture deliv]$ be=e ! ,briti% ,association at ,brad=d1 9 ,nature1 vol4 viii4 p4 #dda4 ,footnote #agf3 ,mll]1 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 i4 p4 #bh4 ,footnote #agg3 ,logic1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ebg1 #d? edition4 ,footnote #agh3 ,m9d & ,bra91 vol4 i4 pp4 #ajg-h4 ,footnote #agi3 ,m9d & ,bra91 vol4 i4 p4 #bfa4 ,footnote #ahj3 ,nature1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bgj4 ,footnote #aha3 ,see ,murphy1 ,habit & ,intellig5ce1 vol4 i4 p4 #aba4 ,footnote #ahb3 ,mll]1 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 ii4 p4 #adf4 ,footnote #ahc3 ,t man is ! f9al end ( ! mat]ial creation is a pr9ciple recogniz$ by sci5tific m54 ,! aim ( ! ,creator 9 =m+ ! e>?1 9 all[+ x to und]go ! successive *anges :i* geology has po9t$ out1 & 9 creat+ successively all ! diff]5t types ( animals1 0 to introduce man ^u ! e>?4 ,man is ! end t[>d :i* all ! animal creation has t5d$ f ! appe>ance ( ! ,palozoic fi%es4--,agassiz & ,g\ld1 ,pr9ciples ( ,zoology1 p4 #bch4 ,see ,dr4 ,w9*ell's ,sket*es ( ,creation1 pp4 #cgc1 #cgd2 ,ow5's ,anatomy ( ! ,v]tebrates1 vol4 iii4 pp4 #gif1 #hjh4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,argyll1 ,reign ( ,law1 p4 #bac4 ,footnote #ahe3 ,see ,mll]'s ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 i4 p4 #bcg4 ,footnote #ahf3 ,argyll1 ,reign ( ,law1 p4 #bai4 ,footnote #ahg3 ,g4 ,w>r+ton1 ,! ,week ( ,creation1 p4 #bg4 ,footnote #ahh3 ,rorison1 ,creative ,week1 9 ,replies to ,essays & ,reviews4 ,footnote #ahi3 ,dr4 ,:$on1 9 ,me?odi/ ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,july1 #ahfb1 p4 #ebh4 ,footnote #aij3 ,see ,creative ,week1 by ,rorison1 9 ,replies to ,essays & ,reviews4 ,footnote #aia3 ,! wat]s ( v]se #b is q ano!r ?+ ?an ! wat] prop] ( ! ?ird creative day3 x is ! fluid 7or gase\s7 =m ( ! e>? itself 9 its fir/ condition4--,lange4 ,footnote #aib3 ,we mu/ bew>e ( ?9k+ ( a mass ( elem5t>y wat]4444 ,"h is meant ! gase\s fluid z x =ms a unity ) ! air4--,lange1 p4 #afh4 ,footnote #aic3 s\l ( life4--,lange4 ,footnote #aid3 ,:$on4 ,footnote #aie3 ,h5ce 1 "t1 or ! all ( "t1 is us$ to express ! all ( ! f9ite1 ! univ]se4 ,see ,heb4 i4 #b1 xi4 #c1 :]e is equival5t to univ]se4 ,footnote #aif3 ,see ,special ,introduction by ,pr(4 ,t4 ,lewis1 9 ,lange's ,comm5t>y4 ,footnote #aig3 ,lange's ,comm5t>y on ,g5esis1 ,introduction1 p4 #aca4 ,footnote #aih3 ,9 a conv]sation held "s ye>s ago by ! au?or 7,sir ,j4 ,h]s*el7 ) 8 lam5t$ fri5d1 ,dr4 ,hawtrey1 ,head-,ma/] & late ,provo/ ( ,eton ,college1 on ! subject ( ,etymology1 ,i happ5$ to rem>k t ! syllable ,ur or ,or mu/ h "s v remote orig91 hav+ f\nd its way into _m languages1 convey+ ! idea ( some?+ absolute1 solemn1 def9ite1 fundam5tal1 or ( unkn[n antiquity1 z 9 ! ,g]man ,ur-alt 7primeval71 ,ur-satz 7a fundam5tal proposition71 ,ur-!il 7a solemn judgm5t7--9 ! ,lat9 ,oriri 7to arise71 ,origo 7! orig971 ,aurora 7! dawn7--9 ! ,greek 7a b\nd>y1 ! extreme limit ( our vision1 :5ce our horizon71 7an oa? or solemn obligation1 etc474 ',y are "r1' 0 8 reply1 'x is ! olde/ ^w ( all words3 ! fir/ ^w ev] record$ to h be5 pron\nc$4 ,x is ! ,hebrew = ,light' 71 ,,aor74--,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5tific ,subjects1 p4 #bai4 ,footnote #aii3 ,see ,week ( ,creation1 by ,geo4 ,w>r+ton1 p4 #ac4 ,footnote #bjj3 ,! critical read] w discov] a slight diff]5ce ( op9ion betwe5 ,dr4 ,w9*ell & myself 9 reg>d to h[ mu* ( *apt] i4 is to be reg>d$ z ! ,exordium ( ! ,hymn ( ,creation4 ,dr4 ,w9*ell includes v]ses #a & #b2 ,i incl9e1 h[ev]1 to ! op9ion t x is embrac$ 9 v]se #a4 ,! reasons :i* weigh ) me are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,! *aos or ! d>kness ( v]se #b is cle>ly recogniz$ z ! ev5+ ( ! fir/ day1 ,& ,god call$ ! light ,day1 & ! d>kness ,he call$ ,night2 & !re 0 ev5+ & morn+3 "o day4 ,i d n see h[ on a fair int]pretation ( ! sacr$ poem we c escape ! conclusion t ! fir/ day embraces ! ev5+ & morn+--t is1 ! primal d>kness ( v]se #b1 & ! creation ( dawn+ light4 ,?is conception fur!rmore h>monizes ) ! ,hebrew usage1 :i* always reg>d$ ! prec$+ night z "p ( ! "o natural day4 ,! ,hebrew ,sabba? comm5c$ at six o'clock on ,friday ev5+4 ,?us we read 9 ,leviticus xxiii4 #cb1 ,f ev5 to ev5 %all ye celebrate y\r ,sabba?4 ,h5ce also ! ev5+--morn+ day 7-7--( ,daniel viii4 #ad4 #b4 ,! division ,i h made is ! "o :i* has be5 foll[$ by ! be/ ,hebrew s*ol>s1 ^: op9ion is entitl$ to ! highe/ def]5ce 9 ?is connection4 ,! indep5d5t "* ( ! op5+ s5t5ce ( ,g5esis 0 affirm$ by su* judici\s & le>n$ m5 z ,calv91 ,bi%op ,patrick1 & ,dr4 ,d4 ,j5n+s4 ,! e>ly fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*1 z ,/4 ,gregory ( ,nazianz51 ,/4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,orig51 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 & o!rs1 held t !re 0 a consid]able int]val betwe5 ! creation relat$ 9 ! fir/ v]se1 & t ( :i* an acc\nt is giv5 9 ! ?ird & foll[+ v]ses4 ,see ,! ,pre-,adamite ,e>?1 by ,dr4 ,h>ris1 p4 #bha4 ,footnote #bja3 ,breman ,lectures1 ,m4 ,fu*s ,on ,miracles1 p4 #aje4 ,footnote #bjb3 ,see ante1 p4 #fa4 ,footnote #bjc3 ,lange1 9 loco4 ,footnote #bjd3 ,f>aday4 ,footnote #bje3 ,?ree direct acts ( ! ,deity may be recogniz$1 viz41 ! creation ( matt]1 ( life1 & ( m9d4--,pr(4 ,h9ri*1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts1 vol4 xxxix4 p4 #eg4 ,footnote #bjf3 ,see ,m4 ,claude ,b]n>d1 ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 ,decemb] #ae1 #ahfg2 ,pr(4 ,norton1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 ,july1 #ahfd2 ,cooke1 ,religion & ,*emi/ry1 p4 #ccj4 ,footnote #bjg3 ,nor? ,briti% ,review1 ,m>*1 #ahfh1 p4 #abg4 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ! fir/ physici/s ( ! age1 ( ,sir ,william ,?omson 7see ,nature1 vol4 i4 p4 #eea2 vol4 ii4 p4 #dba2 & especially vol4 iv4 pp4 #bfe-f71 ( ,pr(4 ,maxwell 7see ,nature1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dba71 ( ,pr(4 ,tait 7see ,nature1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bga71 also ( ,clausius & ,rank9e4 ,see also ,pr(4 ,h9ri*1 ,on ,planetology1 9 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 xxxix4 p4 #bhc2 & ,pr(4 ,norton1 ,on ,molecul> & ,cosmical ,physics1 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 xlix4 pp4 #bd1 #cc4 ,footnote #bjh3 ,cooke's ,religion & ,*emi/ry1 p4 #abi4 ,footnote #bji3 ,nor? ,briti% ,review1 ,m>*1 #ahfh1 p4 #abg2 also ,pr(4 ,tait1 9 ,nature1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bga4 ,footnote #baj3 ,see ,beale1 ,protoplasm1 pp4 #fi-ga1 #hh1 #ajh2 ,c>p5t]1 ,human ,physiology1 pp4 #df1 #hfe-f4 ,footnote #baa3 ,beale1 ,protoplasm1 pp4 #fg-h4 ,footnote #bab3 ,see ,agassiz's ,me?ods ( ,/udy 9 ,natural ,hi/ory1 p4 #bhg2 also ,gr9don1 ,life1 its ,nature1 etc41 pp4 #ahi-aij4 ,footnote #bac3 ,cuvi]1 ,animal ,k+dom1 p4 #cb4 ,footnote #bad3 ,me?odi/ ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,janu>y1 #ahfg1 p4 #adc4 ,footnote #bae3 ,h]s*el1 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 p4 #bah2 ,outl9es ( ,a/ronomy1 #eii2 ,nor? ,briti% ,review1 #ahfh1 p4 #abg4 ,footnote #baf3 ,dr4 ,w9*ell1 ,sket*es ( ,creation1 pp4 #ff1 #fg4 ,footnote #bag3 ,dr4 ,w9*ell1 ,sket*es ( ,creation1 p4 #cgd4 ,footnote #bah3 ,dana1 ,geology1 pp4 #gde1 #gdf4 ,footnote #bai3 ,! !ory ( ,div9e sup]9t5d5ce & control falls v little1 if any ?+1 %ort ( ! ev]-pres5t & p]vad+ en]gy :i* we advocate4 ,at lea/1 ! argum5ts :i* w\ld e/abli% su* a relation ( ! ,deity to ! mat]ial univ]se z am\nts to sup]9t5d5ce & control1 w\ld g f> to e/abli% ! doctr9e ( a real pres5ce & ag5cy ( ,god p]vad+ & uphold+ all nature4 ,sup]9t5d5ce & control imply "s ag5cy1 "s effici5cy1 & "s int]v5tion ( righte\sness or m]cy to secure o!r ends ?an ^? secur$ by ! e/abli%$ c\rse ( nature1 = :oev] ov]rules /eps on a field beyond 8 ord9>y rule4 ,! physical laws are1 !re=e1 simply ,god's uni=m mode ( gov]n+ ! _w4 ,?is is ! conclusion :i* is rea*$ by ,proctor 7,o!r ,worlds ?an ,ours74 ,9 8 *apt] on ,sup]vision & ,control 7*4 xiii471 he says3 ,?us we are l$ to ! conclusion t all ?+s happ5 accord+ to set physical laws2 & )\t1 by any means1 adopt+ ! view t ! ,almighty ex]cises no special control ov] 8 univ]se1 we see /rong reason to believe t ! laws :i* ,he has assign$ to x are suffici5t = ! control ( all ?+s4 ,inde$1 z f> z all ?+s take place 9 accordance ) laws :i* ! ,almighty mu/ assur$ly h ,himself orda9$1 we may say t e ev5t :i* has happ5$ or w happ5 ?r\gh\t inf9ite "t is ! direct "w & indicates ! direct purpose & w ( ,almighty ,god 7pp4 #cbi1 #ccb72 & fur!r1 ,he :o made ! laws may annul or susp5d !m at 8 pleasure 7p4 #ccc74 ,footnote #bbj3 ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,de ,civitate ,dei1 xii4 #be1 #bf2 ,ne&]'s ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 vol4 ii4 p4 #fje2 ,nitzs*1 ,sy/em ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 p4 #aic2 ,mll]'s ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 i4 p4 #bdh2 ,h>ris's ,pre-,adamite ,e>?1 p4 #ajc2 ,"y's ,creator & ,creation1 pp4 #eg1 #eh2 ,*alm]s's ,a/ronomical ,disc\rses1 ,dis4 iii4 pp4 #ia1 #ih4 ,footnote #bba3 ,de ,civitate ,dei1 xii4 #be2 xiii4 #bf4 ,footnote #bbb3 ,contra ,g5tiles1 ii4 #ch4 ,footnote #bbc3 ,summa ,univ]salis1 pt4 i4 q4 #aje1 art4 #e4 ,footnote #bbd3 ,evid5ces ( ,natural & ,reveal$ ,religion1 ,prop4 xiv4 ,dugald ,/ew>t1 aft] quot+ ! above1 adds1 ,my op9ion on ?is subject co9cides ) t ( ,dr4 ,cl>ke 7,philosophy ( ! ,active & ,moral ,p[]s ( ,man1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bi74 ,footnote #bbe3 ,s]mons1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #agh1 #agi4 ,footnote #bbf3 ,?omson's ,seasons4 ,footnote #bbg3 ,holyoake1 ,discussion ) ,t[nley1 p4 #fh4 ,footnote #bbh3 ,croonian ,lecture1 ,on ,matt] & ,=ce1 p4 #id4 ,is x n significant t ,dr4 ,jones mu/ write 8 ,fir/ ,cause )\t ! initial capitals8 ,footnote #bbi3 ,p[ell1 ,essays & ,reviews1 p4 #aci4 ,footnote #bcj3 ,p[ell1 ,*ri/ianity & ,judaism1 p4 #aa4 ,footnote #bca3 ,dr4 ,h>ris1 ,pre-,adamite ,e>?1 p4 #ajd4 ,footnote #bcb3 ,amos i4 #b4 ,footnote #bcc3 ,h$ge1 ,reason & ,religion1 p4 #gd4 ,footnote #bcd3 ,essays & ,reviews1 p4 #ajb4 ,footnote #bce3 ,mc,cosh1 ,intuitions1 p4 #bgf4 ,footnote #bcf3 ,logic1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #aag1 #aah4 ,footnote #bcg3 ,hamilton's ,lectures on ,metaphysics1 vol4 i4 p4 #ajb4 ,footnote #bch3 ,:ewell1 ,novum ,organon ,r5ovatum1 p4 #g4 ,footnote #bci3 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 pp4 #bah1 #bhd1 #adj4 ,footnote #bdj3 ,physiological ,anatomy1 by ,todd1 ,b[man1 & ,beale1 p4 #ai2 ,ni*olson's ,biology1 p4 #ad4 ,footnote #bda3 ,jevons1 ,pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #dcc1 #dcd4 ,footnote #bdb3 ,argyll1 ,reign ( ,law1 p4 #ajj4 ,footnote #bdc3 ,laycock1 ,m9d & ,bra91 vol4 i4 p4 #bbe4 ,footnote #bdd3 ,beale1 ,protoplasm1 pp4 #ci1 #db1 #aji4 ,footnote #bde3 ,beale1 ,protoplasm1 pp4 #ajd1 #aag2 ,laycock1 ,m9d & ,bra91 vol4 i4 pp4 #bbb1 #bbd2 ,liebig1 ,organic ,*emi/ry1 p4 #fi4 ,footnote #bdf3 ,sp5c]1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #abh4 ,footnote #bdg3 ,by ,en]gy we und]/& ! p[] ( do+ "w1 or ov]com+ resi/ance1 :i* 9 nature is some?+ p]fectly intelligible & measurable1 equival5t 9 all cases to ! product ( ! mass into ! squ>e ( ! velocity4 ,by ,=ce we und]/& t :i* orig9ates motion4 ,all ! =ms ( ,en]gy h !re=e _! orig9 9 ,=ce1 & ,=ce has its orig9 9 ! ,w ( ! ,deity4 ,footnote #bdh3 ,quot$ f ,positive ,philosophy1 by ,dr4 ,mc,cosh1 ,div9e ,gov]nm5t1 p4 #afg4 ,footnote #bdi3 ,sci5ce has be5 def9$ z ! k ( ^! deviations f ! great laws ( nature =mul>iz$ 9 cont+5t or d]ivative laws4--,laycock1 ,m9d & ,bra91 vol4 i4 p4 #bba4 ,footnote #bej3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #afb4 ,footnote #bea3 ,sp5c]1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #abh4 ,footnote #beb3 ,montesquieu1 ,_s ( ,laws1 bk4 i4 *4 i4 ,footnote #bec3 ,h]s*el1 ,natural ,philosophy1 #bg4 ,footnote #bed3 ,a/ronomy & ,physics1 p4 #bbd4 ,footnote #bee3 ,?omson & ,tait1 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #afd2 ,may]1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #cce4 ,footnote #bef3 ,/ew>t's ,physics1 p4 #ajc4 ,footnote #beg3 ,/ew>t's ,physics1 pp4 #aad1 #cec4 ,footnote #beh3 ,/ew>t's ,physics1 p4 #cef4 ,footnote #bei3 ,murphy1 ,habit & ,intellig5ce1 vol4 i4 p4 #bb4 ,footnote #bfj3 ,pr(essor ,*>les ,brooke1 9 ,nature1 vol4 vi4 p4 #abe4 ,footnote #bfa3 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5tific ,subjects1 pp4 #dfi-dgb4 ,footnote #bfb3 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aij1 #aia4 ,footnote #bfc3 ,ibid4 p4 #aid4 ,footnote #bfd3 ,nor? ,briti% ,review1 vol4 xl4 pp4 #ahb1 #ahc4 ,footnote #bfe3 ,helmholtz1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #bde4 ,footnote #bff3 ,?is is ! hypo!sis ( ,helmholtz1 ,may]1 & ,?omson4 ,footnote #bfg3 ,tyndall1 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #ca2 ,murphy1 ,habit & ,intellig5ce1 vol4 i4 p4 #bc4 ,footnote #bfh3 ,murphy1 ,habit & ,intellig5ce1 vol4 i4 p4 #dc4 ,footnote #bfi3 ,pr(essor ,norton1 ,on ,molecul> ,physics2 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts1 vol4 iii1 #c;d ,s]ies1 pp4 #cbi-cca4 ,footnote #bgj3 ,tyndall1 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #gf4 ,footnote #bga3 ,pr9cipia1 ,def4 viii4 p4 #h4 ,footnote #bgb3 ,does e gra9 ( salt & pepp] 9 a million salt-cell>s & pepp]-ca/]s individually & sep>ately pull & actually move ! sun & fix$ />s8--,de ,morgan4 ,footnote #bgc3 ,nor? ,briti% ,review1 vol4 xlviii4 ,m>*1 #ahfh1 p4 #abe4 ,footnote #bgd3 ,?ird ,lett] to ,b5tley4 ,footnote #bge3 ,nature1 vol4 iii4 p4 #ea2 vol4 ii4 p4 #dbb4 ,footnote #bgf3 ,nature1 vol4 i4 p4 #eea4 ,footnote #bgg3 ,deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 & report$ 9 ,nature1 vol4 vii4 ,nos4 #agd1 #age4 ,footnote #bgh3 ,nor? ,briti% ,review1 vol4 xlviii4 ,m>*1 #ahfh2 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #cfh2 ,am]4 ,j\r4 ( ,sci5ce & ,arts1 vol4 xlix4 p4 #bd4 ,footnote #bgi3 ,nor? ,briti% ,review1 vol4 xlviii4 p4 #abg2 ,nature1 vol4 vii4 p4 #cdc4 ,footnote #bhj3 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 p4 #ij4 ,footnote #bha3 ,picton1 ,my/]y ( ,matt]1 p4 #di4 ,footnote #bhb3 ,h]s*el1 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 p4 #dfg4 ,footnote #bhc3 ,sir ,william ,?omson1 ,pap]s on ,electro/atics & ,magnetism1 p4 #dai4 ,footnote #bhd3 ,nor? ,briti% ,review1 vol4 xlviii4 p4 #abg4 ,footnote #bhe3 ,we d n by any means ass]t t two sub/ances c n occupy ! same po9t 9 space at ! same mom5t 9 "t4 ,we accept ! ,hegelian maxim t two sub/ances may occupy ! same po9t 9 space at ! same "t provid$ _! qualities are ess5tially diff]5t4 ,if ! qualities ( ! e!r are ess5tially diff]5t f gross matt]1 !n to call e!r matt] is to conf\nd & mislead ! m9d4 ,may n e!r be a t]tium quid betwe5 matt] & m9d8 ,footnote #bhf3 ,pr(4 ,cl]k ,maxwell1 9 ,nature1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dba4 ,footnote #bhg3 ,sir ,william ,?omson1 9 ,nature1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bff4 ,footnote #bhh3 ,sir ,w4 ,?omson1 9 ,nature1 vol4 i4 p4 #eea4 ,footnote #bhi3 ,nature1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dba4 ,footnote #bij3 ,philosophical ,magaz9e1 #ahfh4 ,footnote #bia3 ,?omson & ,tait1 ,natural ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #afd4 ,footnote #bib3 ,nature1 vol4 viii4 p4 #bhj2 also ,*allis1 ,pr9ciples ( ,ma!matics & ,physics1 pp4 #fhe-fhg4 ,footnote #bic3 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts1 vol4 xlix4 pp4 #cb1 #cc4 ,footnote #bid3 ,h[ gravitation may result f ! int]ception ( ! ,cosmic ,=ce ( ,repulsion is expla9$ by ,pr(4 ,norton at pp4 #bf-bh1 & /ill m fully 9 vol4 iii4 #c;d ,s]ies1 ,may1 #ahgb1 pp4 #ccb1 #ccf4 ,footnote #bie3 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts1 vol4 xlix4 p4 #cd4 ,footnote #bif3 ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts1 vol4 xlix4 p4 #cc4 ,footnote #big3 ,see vol4 i4 pp4 #bag-bhd4 ,footnote #bih3 ,intellectual ,sy/em ( ! ,univ]se1 vol4 i4 p4 #bbd4 ,footnote #bii3 ,ibid4 p4 #bga4 ,footnote #cjj3 ,ibid4 p4 #bdd4 ,footnote #cja3 ,ibid4 p4 #bga4 ,footnote #cjb3 ,intellectual ,sy/em ( ! ,univ]se1 vol4 i4 pp4 #bbc-d4 ,footnote #cjc3 ,todd1 ,b[man1 & ,beale1 ,physiological ,anatomy & ,physiology ( ,man1 p4 #be4 ,footnote #cjd3 ,habit & ,intellig5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #e4 ,footnote #cje3 ,ibid4 p4 #h4 ,footnote #cjf3 ,ibid4 p4 #e4 ,footnote #cjg3 ,ibid4 pp4 #f1 #g4 ,footnote #cjh3 ,on ,natural ,selection1 p4 #cfj4 ,footnote #cji3 ,g5esis ( ,species1 p4 #bid4 ,footnote #caj3 ,habit & ,intellig5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #e4 ,footnote #caa3 ,habit & ,intellig5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #afj4 ,footnote #cab3 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #dc4 ,footnote #cac3 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #ad4 ,footnote #cad3 ,habit & ,intellig5ce1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #d1 #g4 ,footnote #cae3 ,ibid4 p4 #h4 ,footnote #caf3 ,ibid4 vol4 i4 p4 #hi4 ,footnote #cag3 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 pp4 #cea1 #ceb4 ,footnote #cah3 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 pp4 #df1 #dg4 ,footnote #cai3 ,ibid4 pp4 #ea1 #eb4 ,footnote #cbj3 ,habit & ,intellig5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #g4 ,pan!ism ass]ts ! absolute ,,unity & p]man5ce ( ,,sub/ance ) its two attributes ( matt] & =ce7 ext5sion & ?\ght71 & _! innum]able modifications :i* g to =m all ! ph5om5a ( ! univ]se4--,dr4 ,cohn4 ,"u ?is def9ition1 ,mr4 ,murphy mu/ be rank$ a ,pan!i/4 ,he kn[s b ( ,,"o ,,sub/ance und]ly+ all ph5om5a4 ,footnote #cba3 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #bi4 ,footnote #cbb3 ,ibid4 p4 #ad4 ,footnote #cbc3 ,ibid4 p4 #cf4 ,footnote #cbd3 ,ibid4 p4 #ce4 ,footnote #cbe3 ,ibid4 p4 #dg4 ,footnote #cbf3 ,intellectual ,sy/em ( ! ,univ]se1 vol4 i4 p4 #bbc4 ,footnote #cbg3 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #eb4 ,footnote #cbh3 ,intellectual ,sy/em1 vol4 i4 p4 #bbd4 ,footnote #cbi3 ,on ,natural ,selection1 p4 #cgb4 ,footnote #ccj3 ,tyndall1 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #ajd4 ,footnote #cca3 ,unity ( ,worlds1 p4 #bcj4 ,footnote #ccb3 ,tyndall4 ,footnote #ccc3 ,by ! /atical prop]ties ( matt] we und]/& ext5sion1 limit1 position1 imp5etrability1 & in]tia4 ,we h no idea t !re is a vis in]ti 9 matt]4 ,vis in]ti is a =celess =ce1 :i* is an absurdity4 ,in]tness 9 matt] is n a =ce1 b ! opposite ( a =ce--a passivity :i* requires a =ce 9 ord] to *ange4 ,footnote #ccd3 ,f>aday1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #cfh4 ,footnote #cce3 ,cl]k ,maxwell1 9 ,nature1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dba2 ,h]s*el1 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 p4 #dfg4 ,footnote #ccf3 ,pr(essor ,norton1 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts1 ,july1 #ahfd1 p4 #fd2 ,h]s*el1 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 p4 #dfg2 ,dr4 ,c>p5t]1 ,human ,physiology1 p4 #edb4 ,footnote #ccg3 ,revue des ,deux ,mondes1 #ahfg4 ,footnote #cch3 ,anaxagoras4 ,footnote #cci3 ,dr4 ,c>p5t]1 9 ,nature1 vol4 vi4 p4 #cab4 ,footnote #cdj3 ,h]s*el1 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 p4 #dfg4 ,footnote #cda3 ,= o!r illu/rations1 see ,cooke's ,religion ( ,*emi/ry1 pp4 #cbf-h2 ,grove1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 pp4 #aaf1 #aag4 ,footnote #cdb3 ,dr4 ,cohn1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,breslau1 9 ,nature1 vol4 vii4 p4 #acg4 ,footnote #cdc3 ,c>p5t]1 ,human ,physiology1 p4 #edb2 ,h]s*el1 ,outl9es ( ,a/ronomy1 pp4 #bcc1 #bcd2 ,wallace1 ,on ,natural ,selection1 p4 #cfh2 ,murphy1 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #ea2 ,laycock1 ,m9d & ,bra91 vol4 i4 pp4 #bbe1 #beh-i1 #cjd4 ,footnote #cdd3 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #bce4 ,footnote #cde3 ,lett] to ! au?or4 ,footnote #cdf3 ,! di/9ction made by ,dr4 ,c>p5t] betwe5 molecul> 7bioplasmic7 & somatic 7individual7 life is important3 molecul> life is a cosmic =ce1 somatic life is an individualiz$ =ce2 ! =m] is ! direct action ( ,deity1 ! second is ! indwell+ ( a creat$ b yet dep5d5t spiritual entity 9 a vitaliz$ organism4 ,footnote #cdg3 ,on ! ,mutual ,relation ( ! ,vital & ,physical ,=ces1 ,philosophical ,transactions1 #ahej1 p4 #gcj4 ,see also ,laycock1 ,m9d & ,bra91 vol4 i4 p4 #cjd2 ,wallace1 9 ,nature1 vol4 vi4 p4 #bhe4 ,footnote #cdh3 ,huxley1 ,introduction to ! ,classification ( ,animals4 ,footnote #cdi3 ,nature1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bfi4 ,footnote #cej3 ,god 9 ,nature1 9 ,old & ,new1 #ahgb1 p4 #afc4 ,footnote #cea3 ,me?odi/ ,qu>t]ly ,review1 ,july1 #ahga1 p4 #dii4 ,footnote #ceb3 ,all atomic =ces are incessant =ces t are made up ( impulses :i* are r5ew$ e in/ant4--,pr(essor ,norton1 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce & ,arts1 vol4 iii4 #c;d ,s]ies1 p4 #cca4 ,footnote #cec3 ,sir ,w4 ,?omson1 9 ,nature1 vol4 iv4 p4 #bff4 ,footnote #ced3 ,grove1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 pp4 #ae1 #ah1 #aii4 ,see also ! words ( ,dr4 ,may] 9 ! same volume1 p4 #cda4 ,footnote #cee3 ,mr4 ,wallace1 ! au?or ( ! !ory ( natural selection1 d5ies its applicability to man4 ,man is a be+ ap>t1 a be+ sup]ior to nature4 ,he has n only escap$ 'natural selection' himself1 b he is actually able to take away "s ( t p[] f nature :i*1 be=e 8 appe>ance1 %e univ]sally ex]cis$ 7,on ,natural ,selection1 pp4 #cbe1 #cbf74 ,see also ,lubbock's ,prehi/oric ,times1 la/ *apt]4 ,footnote #cef3 ,lectures on ! ,hi/ory ( ,rome1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ei4 ,footnote #ceg3 ,laur5t1 tudes sur l',hi/oire de l',humanit1 vol4 v4 p4 #ad4 ,footnote #ceh3 ,c\s91 ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #afj4 ,footnote #cei3 ,ni*oma*ean ,e?ics1 bk4 i4 *4 ii4 ,footnote #cfj3 ,ibid4 bk4 i4 *4 x4 ,footnote #cfa3 ,ibid4 bk4 x4 *4 viii4 ,footnote #cfb3 ,nitzs*1 ,sy/em ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 p4 #agb4 ,footnote #cfc3 ,mll]1 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 ii4 p4 #adf4 ,footnote #cfd3 ,acts xvii4 #be-bh4 ,footnote #cfe3 ,laur5t1 tudes sur l',hi/oire de l',humanit1 vol4 v4 p4 #ab4 ,n all ! ,/oics seem to h und]/ood ?is necessity 9 s rigor\s a s5se4 ,clean!s w\ld exempt ! evil actions ( m5 f necessity3 ,no?+ takes place )\t ,!e1 ,o ,deity1 except t :i* bad m5 d ?r\gh _! own want ( reason2 b ev5 t :i* is evil is ov]rul$ by ,!e = good1 & is made to h>monize ) ! plan ( ! _w4--,hymn to ,zeus4 ,footnote #cff3 ,laur5t1 tudes sur l',hi/oire de l',humanit1 vol4 v4 p4 #ab4 ,footnote #cfg3 ,! /atem5t ( ! text w rema9 unaffect$ by any !ory z to ! d]ivation ( ! mat]ial organism ( ! primitive man4 ,if ! hypo!sis be true t man is ! desc5dant ( "s pre-exi/5t g5]ic type1 ! :i*1 if x 7 n[ liv+1 we w\ld probably call an ape1 ?is c only be affirm$ ( ! body ( man1 & ! /atem5t is /ill correct t ,god =m$ man ( ! du/ ( ! e>?4 ,! body ( ! ape & ! body ( man are =m$ ( ! same mat]ials4 ,b1 z ,pr(4 ,cope1 a ?or\gh-go+ ,evolutioni/1 rem>ks1 ?is mat]ial nature c n be> or be ! image ( ,god1 = ,god is a _s1 & a _s ha? n fle% & bones 7,luke xxiv4 #ci74 ,! image ( ,god mu/ inh]e 9 t spiritual nature :i* 0 inbrea!d by ,god1 & consi/s 9 reason1 consci5ce1 & moral lib]ty4 7,see ,cope1 ,on ! ,hypo!sis ( ,evolution1 pp4 #cc1 #cd47 ,?is !ory z to ! desc5t ( man's mat]ial organism f "s pre-exi/5t g5]ic type does n by any means involve ! conclusion ( ,sir ,j4 ,lubbock t ! primitive condition ( mank9d 0 "o ( utt] b>b>ism4 ,we may grant t ! primitive condition ( man 0 "o ( *ildhood ignorance & inexp]i5ce1 a /ate 9 :i* 8 intellectual & moral nature 0 undevelop$2 b ?is is n ,savagism4 ,b>b>ism is ! lapse & det]ioration ( man4 ,ev5 if x c\ld be %[n t primeval man 0 de/itute ( ! indu/ri\s arts1 x w\ld n af=d ! slighte/ presumption t he 0 also ignorant ( duty or ignorant ( ,god 7,primeval ,man1 by ! ,duke ( ,argyll1 p4 #acb74 ,:5ev] we c trace back a religion to its fir/ beg9n+s1 we f9d x free f _m blemi%es t affect x 9 its lat] /ages 7,max ,mll]1 ,*ips f a ,g]man ,work%op1 vol4 i41 preface74 ,! mo/ anci5t =m ( religion 0 ! ,mono!i/ic 7,grimm1 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1 p4 xliv4 #c;d ed474 ,see also ,les ,orig9es ,indo-,europennes1 vol4 ii4 p4 #gbj1 by ,m4 ,adolphe ,pictet4 ,footnote #cfh3 ,agassiz & ,g\ld's ,zoology1 p4 #bch4 ,footnote #cfi3 ,on ,limbs1 p4 #hh4 ,footnote #cgj3 ,on ! ,skeleton & ,tee?1 p4 #bbh4 ,footnote #cga3 ,anatomy ( ! ,v]tebrates1 vol4 iii4 p4 #gif4 ,footnote #cgb3 ,! ,h>monies ( ,nature1 by ,dr4 ,c4 ,h>twig1 pp4 #df1 #dg4 ,footnote #cgc3 ,typical ,=ms & ,special ,ends1 ,r4 ,mc,cosh & ,dr4 ,dickie1 p4 #ceb4 ,footnote #cgd3 ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #afi4 ,footnote #cge3 ,geographical ,/udies1 p4 #cd4 ,footnote #cgf3 ,ritt]1 ,geographical ,/udies1 p4 #cad2 ,guyot1 ,e>? & ,man1 p4 #cd4 ,footnote #cgg3 ,ritt]1 ,geographical ,/udies1 p4 #cd2 ,guyot1 ,e>? & ,man1 p4 #ce4 ,footnote #cgh3 ,see ,guyot1 ,e>? & ,man1 pp4 #bfh-bgj4 ,footnote #cgi3 ,c\s91 ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 pp4 #afi-agj4 ,footnote #chj3 ,adam & ! ,adamites4 ,footnote #cha3 ,article ,ar>at1 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y4 ,footnote #chb3 ,x is call$ 9 ,ptolemy ,naxuana1 & by ,moses ,*or55sis1 ! ,arm5ian hi/orian1 ,id%euan1 b at ! place itself ,na*id%euan1 :i* signifies ! fir/ place ( desc5t4 ,see ,:i/on's note on p4 #hg1 vol4 i4 ( ,josephus4 ,footnote #chc3 ,antiquities1 bk4 i4 *ap4 iii4 #e4 ,footnote #chd3 ,ibid4 bk4 i4 *ap4 iii4 #f4 ,scalig] 0 ! fir/ to draw ! att5tion ( s*ol>s to ! writ+s ( ,b]osus4 ,9 8 "w ,de ,em5datione ,temporum he has collect$ 8 fragm5ts1 & v9dicat$ _! au!nticity4 ,b]osus is always quot$ ) respect by ,engli% div9es1 & ,niebuhr has su/a9$ 8 claims to be reg>d$ z a reliable au?ority4 ,9 m ?an "o place he speaks ( ,arm5ia z ! re/+-place ( ! ark4 ,see ,rawl9son's ,hi/orical ,evid5ces1 p4 #fc1 & note liii4 ,footnote #che3 ,antiquities1 bk4 i4 *ap1 iii4 #f4 ,footnote #chf3 ,= in/ance1 9 ! v second v]se1 ! great discov]y ( ,s*legel1 :i* ! ^w ,indo-,european embodies--! aff9ity ( ! pr9cipal nations ( ,europe ) ! ,arian or ,indo-,p]sic /ock--is suffici5tly indicat$ by ! conjunction ( ! ,madai or ,m$es 7^: native "n is ,mada7 ) ,gom] ( ! ,cymry1 & ,javan ( ! ,ionians4 ,aga91 "o ( ! mo/ rec5t & unexpect$ results ( mod]n l+ui/ic inquiry is ! pro( :i* x has furni%$ ( an e?nic connection betwe5 ! ,e?iopians or ,cu%ites1 :o adjo9$ on ,egypt1 & ! primitive inhabitants ( ,babylonia2 a connection :i* 0 positively d5i$ by an em95t e?nologi/ only a few ye>s ago1 b :i* has n[ be5 suffici5tly e/abli%$ f ! cunei=m monum5ts4 ,9 ! t5? *apt] ( ,g5esis 7v]s4 #h-aj7 we f9d ?is tru? ?us briefly /at$3 ',& ,cu% begat ,nimrod1' ! 'beg9n+ ( ^: k+dom 0 ,babel' 7v]4 #aa74 ,s we h _h x rec5tly made evid5t f ! same monum5ts t 'out ( t l& w5t =? ,as%ur1 & build$ ,n9eveh'--or t ! ,semitic ,assyrians proce$$ f ,babylonia & f\nd$ ,n9eveh long aft] ! ,cu%ite f\ndation ( ,babylon4 ,aga91 ! ,hamitic desc5t ( ! e>ly inhabitants ( ,canaan1 :i* _h (t5 be5 call$ 9 "q1 has rec5tly come to be look$ ^u z almo/ c]ta91 ap>t f ! evid5ce ( ,scripture2 & ! d\ble m5tion ( ,%eba1 bo? among ! sons ( ,ham1 & also among ^? ( ,%em 7v]s4 #g & #bh71 has be5 illu/rat$ by ! discov]y t !re are two races ( ,arabs--"o 7! ,joktanian7 ,semitic1 ! o!r 7! ,himy>ic7 ,cu%ite or ,e?iopic4--,rawl9son's ,hi/orical ,evid5ces1 pp4 #ga1 #gb4 ,footnote #chg3 ,asiatic ,society's ,j\rnal1 vol4 xv4 ,footnote #chh3 ,rawl9son's ,h]odotus1 vol4 i4 p4 #ebc4 ,footnote #chi3 ,cosmos1 vol4 i4 p4 #cdh4 ,footnote #cij3 ,article ,botany1 ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 vol4 v42 also ,geographical ,botany2 & ,guyot1 ,e>? & ,man1 p4 #bea4 ,footnote #cia3 ,guyot1 ,e>? & ,man1 p4 #bee4 ,footnote #cib3 ,guyot1 ,e>? & ,man1 pp4 #bfd1 #bfe2 ,wallace1 ,on ,natural ,selection1 pp4 #cbd-f2 ,m>t9eau1 ,essays1 #a/ ,s]ies1 p4 #abf4 ,footnote #cic3 ,guyot1 ,e>? & ,man1 p4 #cjd4 ,footnote #cid3 ,see ,article ,philosophy1 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ! ,bible4 ,see also ,%airp1 ,culture & ,religion1 pp4 #dj-df4 ,footnote #cie3 ,pale/9e 0 f ! beg9n+ an isolat$ l&1 z ,israel 0 an isolat$ p1 & !re=e = ?\s&s ( ye>s bo? h be5 un9telligible to ! _w at l>ge4 ,no great highway l$ ?r\gh ,pale/9e f p to p2 all pass$ by x1 & n ov] x2 all its coa/ 0 )\t favorable h>bors4 ,no "o ( ! pagan /ates ( antiquity c\ld come into close geographical1 m]cantile1 political1 & religi\s relations ) a p exi/+ "u ! sway ( ,jehovah4--,ritt]1 ,geographical ,/udies1 p4 #dc4 ,footnote #cif3 ,article ,philosophy1 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ! ,bible4 ,footnote #cig3 ,ritt]1 ,geographical ,/udies1 pp4 #cdb1 #cdc4 ,footnote #cih3 ,guyot1 ,e>? & ,man1 p4 #cjg4 ,footnote #cii3 ,! conjugal tie 0 held sacr$1 & polygamy prohibit$4--,de ,press5s1 ,religions be=e ,*ri/1 p4 #afj4 ,footnote #djj3 ,m]ivale1 ,conv]sion ( ! ,roman ,empire1 p4 #ib4 ,footnote #dja3 ,god1 said ,plato1 is supremely good 7,republic1 book ii4 *4 #ah72 & virtue is lik5ess or assimilation to ,god 7,!tetus1 #chd74 ,footnote #djb3 ,milman1 ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity1 vol4 i4 p4 #ceg4 ,footnote #djc3 ,guyot1 ,e>? & ,man1 p4 #cbb4 ,footnote #djd3 ,wallace1 ,on ,natural ,selection1 p4 #cbf4 ,footnote #dje3 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #ch4 ,footnote #djf3 ,ibid4 p4 #dif4 ,footnote #djg3 ,bu*anan1 ,mod]n ,a!ism1 p4 #bhe4 ,footnote #djh3 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #f4 ,footnote #dji3 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #dc4 ,footnote #daj3 ,)\t ref]r+ to ! writ+s ( !ologians1 we may take any def9ition ( religion :i* incid5tally occurs 9 g5]al lit]ature4 ,= example1 ,fr\de def9es religion z ! attitude ( rev]5ce 9 :i* noble-m9d$ m5 in/9ctively place !mselves t[>d ! ,unkn[n ,p[] :i* made man & 8 dwell+-place4 ,x is ! natural accompanim5t ( _! lives1 ! sanctification ( _! actions & _! acquirem5ts4 ,x is :at gives to man 9 ! mid/ ( ! re/ ( ,creation 8 special elevation & dignity 7,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 vol4 xii4 p4 #efj74 ,footnote #daa3 ,essays1 #a/ ,s]ies1 p4 #agh4 ,footnote #dab3 ,preface to ! sev5? edition ( ! ,address be=e ! ,briti% ,association ( ,sci5ce at ,belfa/4 ,footnote #dac3 ,preface to ! sev5? edition ( ! ,address be=e ! ,briti% ,association ( ,sci5ce at ,belfa/4 ,footnote #dad3 ,dr4 ,tyndall subsequ5tly def5ds 8 c\rse by say+1 ,! k+dom ( sci5ce come? n by obs]vation & exp]im5t alone1 b is complet$ by fix+ ! roots ( obs]vation & exp]im5t 9 a region inaccessible to bo?1 & 9 deal+ ) :i* we are =c$ to fall back ^u ! pictur+ p[] ( ! m9d--,e9bildungskraft--! =ce ( imag9ation 7,preface to sev5? edition74 ,are we !n to believe t ! imag9ation is ! s\rce ( sci5tific pr9ciples1 t x has any p[] ( intuition1 or c 9 any way create its own objects8 ,:y does he n fall back on 8 ,ans*auungsgabe1 or faculty ( rational intuition1 & admit t he is 9 ! region ( ! metaphysical8 ,see ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #acj4 ,footnote #dae3 1 xxxi4 ,footnote #daf3 ,?is is admitt$ ev5 by ^? :o reg>d pray] = physical *ange1 z1 = example1 ! av]t+ ( disease or ! fall ( ra91 to be irrational & unconsci\sly irrev]5t4 ,i repeat t no !ory ( ! univ]se1 no philosophy ( human nature1 & no conclusion ( sci5ce c ev] lay an arre/ ^u ! in/9cts ( ! univ]sal he>t 9 ! pres5ce ( calamity1 & ) ! prospect ( its increase4 ,let m5 philosophize z !y w1 & let sci5ce m>* :]e x w 7conqu]+ realm aft] realm1 & r$uc+ all "u ! rigor ( law71 ! human _s w always 'cry unto ,god' 9 times ( crisis1 & w f9d immeasurable solace 9 'committ+ its causes' unto ,him2 = ! in/9ct to pray = relief 9 times ( anxiety or ( p]il is "o :i* c nev] be exorcis$ f ! he>t ( man4 ,b x does n foll[ t x w always 7or t x ought ev]7 to imag9e t by s do+ x c deflect ! ord] ( nature or induce ,god to alt] 8 pre>rangem5ts4 ,! relief obta9$ is 9 ! act ( submission & ( filial tru/1 n 9 ! notion ( be+ able to p]suade an inf9itely p[]ful & sympa!tic ,li/5] 7,pray]3 ',! ,two ,sph]es3' ,!y are ,two1 by ! ,rev4 ,william ,knight1 ,contempor>y ,review1 ,decemb]1 #ahgc1 p4 #ce74 ,( c\rse we h no reason to expect t ,dr4 ,tyndall %\ld yield 8 judgm5t to ! au?ority ( ,scripture1 b we may legitimately expect ! ,rev4 ,william ,knight1 ( ! ,free ,*ur* ( ,scotl&1 to def] 9 "s measure to ,james v4 #ac-ah4 ,footnote #dag3 ,preface to ! sev5? edition ( ,dr4 ,tyndall's ,address4 ,footnote #dah3 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #ci4 ,footnote #dai3 ,:5 t5 m5 are s 9 e>ne/ on "o side t !y w soon] be kill$ ?an give way1 & tw5ty are e>ne/ en\gh on ! o!r to ca/ _! votes = x b w n risk _! sk9s1 ! t5 w give ! law to ! tw5ty 9 virtue ( ! robu/] fai?1 & ( ! /r5g? t goes along ) x4--,fr\de1 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 vol4 xii4 p4 #efb4 ,footnote #dbj3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #cej4 ,footnote #dba3 ,only 9 ! doma9 ( ,fre$om c !re exi/ ! moral4--,m>t5s51 ,*ri/ian ,e?ics1 p4 #a4 ,footnote #dbb3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #ci4 ,footnote #dbc3 ,que/ions su* z ^! d]ive _! pres5t int]e/ 9 great "p f _! audacity4--,tyndall4 ,footnote #dbd3 ,see ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 pp4 #ch & #fd-fe4 ,footnote #dbe3 ,contempor>y ,review1 ,decemb]1 #ahgc1 p4 #cj4 ,footnote #dbf3 ,tyndall1 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #afj4 ,footnote #dbg3 ,preface to ! ,address be=e ! ,briti% ,association ( ,sci5ce at ,belfa/4 ,footnote #dbh3 ,preface to ! sev5? edition4 ,footnote #dbi3 ,contempor>y ,review4 ,footnote #dcj3 ,mansel1 ,prolegom5a ,logica1 p4 #bhj4 ,footnote #dca3 ,hi/ory ( ,civilization4 ,footnote #dcb3 ,comte1 ,positive ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #de4 ,footnote #dcc3 ,no record ( co9cid5ces c prove a causal connection1 or ev5 sugge/ x--unless ! in/ances are exceptionally num]\s1 & unless o!r causes lead+ to ! result are exclud$ by ! rigid me?ods ( v]ification4--,pray]3 ',! ,two ,sph]es3' ,!y are ,two1,contempor>y ,review1 ,dec41 #ahgc1 p4 #ci4 ,footnote #dcd3 ,see pp4 #chf-g4 ,footnote #dce3 ,dr4 ,tuke1 ,influ5ce ( ! ,m9d on ! ,body 9 ,heal? & ,disease1 p4 #cea4 ,footnote #dcf3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 pp4 #cf-ci4 ,footnote #dcg3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #dj3 ,! assum$ p]man5ce ( natural laws4 ,footnote #dch3 ,ibid41 p4 #fj4 ,footnote #dci3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #fd4 ,footnote #ddj3 ,jevons1 ,pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dcd4 ,footnote #dda3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #fd4 ,footnote #ddb3 ,ibid4 p4 #ch4 ,footnote #ddc3 ,on ! ,relation ( ,god to ! ,_w1 pp4 #ahg-bja4 ,footnote #ddd3 ,see ,col]idge1 ,works1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aeb1 #bfc2 ,hamilton1 ,metaphysics1 vol4 i4 p4 #dj4 ,footnote #dde3 ,flem+1 ,vocabul>y ( ,philosophy1 9 loco4 ,footnote #ddf3 ,see ,jevons1 ,pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ddj2 ,sp5c]1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 p4 #abh4 ,footnote #ddg3 ,c>p5t]1 ,m5tal ,physiology1 p4 #fib2 see ,lewes1 ,problems ( ,life & ,m9d1 vol4 i4 p4 #ccf4 ,footnote #ddh3 ,ess5tial prop]ties are ^? :i* admit nei!r ( int5sion nor remission ( degrees4--,newton1 ,regula ,t]tia ,philosoph&i1 ,pr9cipia1 lib4 iii ,footnote #ddi3 ,maxwell1 ,!ory ( ,heat1 p4 #caj2 & also 9 ,nature1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dba4 ,footnote #dej3 ,by causes is "h meant no?+ m ?an all ! antec$5t conditions4 ,! /atem5t makes no real di/9ction betwe5 causes & conditions4 ,we c n pr$icate ( any physical ag5cy t x is ab/ract$ly ! cause ( ano!r4 ,causation is ! w ( ,god4--,grove1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 pp4 #ae1 #aii4 ,footnote #dea3 ,see ,murphy1 ,habit & ,intellig5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aeg2 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 pp4 #ge1 #gf2 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill1 ,logic1 vol4 ii4 *4 xxii4 #a4 ,footnote #deb3 ,logic1 bk4 iii4 *4 xvi4 ,see also ,mc,cosh1 ,intuitions1 pp4 #bge-g4 ,footnote #dec3 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #gi4 ,footnote #ded3 ,pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dfe4 ,footnote #dee3 ,murphy1 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 pp4 #hj & #di-ea2 ,jevons1 ,pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dch4 ,footnote #def3 ,grove1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #aic4 ,footnote #deg3 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 *s4 xiii4 & xiv4 ,footnote #deh3 ,wallace1 ,on ,natural ,selection1 p4 #bff4 ,footnote #dei3 ,positive ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #aec-aef4 ,footnote #dfj3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #fd4 ,footnote #dfa3 ,jevons1 ,pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dcd4 ,footnote #dfb3 ,grove1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #bd4 ,footnote #dfc3 ,!re is "o wond]ful condition ( matt]1 p]haps its only true indication1 namely1 in]tia4--,f>aday1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #cfh2 ,maxwell1 ,!ory ( ,heat1 p4 #hf4 ,footnote #dfd3 ,/ew>t1 ,physics1 p4 #ceg4 ,footnote #dfe3 ,ibid4 p4 #cee4 ,footnote #dff3 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #aie4 ,footnote #dfg3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #ci4 ,footnote #dfh3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #dbj4 ,footnote #dfi3 ,nature1 vol4 viii4 p4 #bhj4 ,footnote #dgj3 ,nature1 vol4 vi4 p4 #abe4 ,footnote #dga3 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 p4 #dfi4 ,footnote #dgb3 ,pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ii4 p4 #hc4 ,footnote #dgc3 ,maxwell1 ,!ory ( ,heat1 p4 #ib4 ,footnote #dgd3 ,*allis's ,ma!matical ,pr9ciples ( ,physics1 p4 #ajg2 ,h]s*el1 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 p4 #dfg4 ,footnote #dge3 ,x is pretty mu* ! same to ! great] numb] ev5 ( ! in/ruct$ he>]s :e!r a man ( sci5ce say ',i "k' or ',i suppose2' !y only ask aft] ! result & ! au?ority by :i* x is support$1 n ! gr\nds ( ! d\bts4 ,x is ?us n to be wond]$ at if e>ne/ inve/igators d n will+ly %ock ! confid5ce ( _! read]s 9 :at ! =m] may ?9k true & demon/rable by ! enum]ation ( ideas ( ! correctness ( :i* !y d n feel !mselves q secure4--,helmholtz1 ,on ,john ,tyndall1 9 ,nature1 vol4 x4 p4 #cja4 ,footnote #dgf3 ,jevons1 ,pr9ciples ( ,sci5ce1 vol4 ii1 p4 #dff4 ,footnote #dgg3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #dj4 ,footnote #dgh3 ,ibid4 p4 #dj4 ,footnote #dgi3 ,m>%1 ,man & ,nature1 *s4 i4 & iii42 ,lyell1 ,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 pp4 #gac-gag4 ,footnote #dhj3 ,wallace1 ,on ,natural ,selection1 pp4 #cbd-cbf2 ,lyell1 ,pr9ciples ( ,geology1 pp4 #fha-fhh1 #egi-eij4 ,footnote #dha3 ,fragm5ts ( ,sci5ce1 p4 #dba4 ,footnote #dhb3 ,contempor>y ,review1 ,july1 #ahgb4 ,footnote #dhc3 ,grove1 ,correlation & ,cons]vation ( ,=ces1 p4 #bj4 ,footnote #dhd3 ,ibid4 ,footnote #dhe3 ,sp5c]1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 pp4 #bce1 #beb4 ,footnote #dhf3 ,*allis1 ,ma!matical ,pr9ciples ( ,physics1 p4 #fha4 ,footnote #dhg3 ,h]s*el1 ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 p4 #dfa4 ,footnote #dhh3 ,c>p5t]1 ,m5tal ,physiology1 p4 #gjc4 ,footnote #dhi3 ,:ewell1 ,a/ronomy & ,physics1 p4 #bbd4 ,footnote #dij3 #a ,cor4 xii4 #f4 ,footnote #dia3 truly feel or t\* ,him4 ,footnote #dib3 ,see ,ritt]1 ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #bjj4 ,footnote #dic3 ,memorabilia1 bk4 i4 *4 iv4 ,footnote #did3 ,timu1 *4 viii42 also ,second ,alcibiades1 :i* is a disc\rse on pray]4 ,footnote #die3 ,laws1 bk4 v4 *4 i42 bk4 x4 *4 xii42 ,!/etes1 #hc4 ,footnote #dif3 ,apology1 #ai4 ,footnote #dig3 ,philebus1 #hd4 ,footnote #dih3 #a ,cor4 viii4 #f4 ,footnote #dii3 ,eph4 iv4 #f4 ,footnote #ejj3 #a ,cor4 xii4 #f4 ,footnote #eja3 ,)\t ,god !re is no great man4 ,x is ,he :o inspires u ) great ideas & exalt$ designs4 ,:5 y see a man sup]ior to 8 passions1 happy 9 adv]sity1 calm amid surr\nd+ /orms1 c y =be> to confess t ^! qualities are too exalt$ to h _! orig9 9 ! little individual :om !y ornam5t8 ,a god inhabits e virtu\s man1 & )\t ,god !re is no virtue4--,s5eca1 ,epi/les1 #da1 #gc4 ,footnote #ejb3 ,see ,creator & ! ,creation1 by ,dr4 ,"y1 pp4 #eg1 #eh4 ,footnote #ejc3 ,see ,mll]1 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 i4 pp4 #bdh1 #bdi4 ,footnote #ejd3 ,"s !ologians affirm t ?is image ( ,god 0 utt]ly & totally lo/ 9 ! fall4 ,su* an unqualifi$ /atem5t does n1 h[ev]1 seem w>rant$ by ,scripture4 ,aft] ! fall1 ! sanctity ( human life is /ill gr\nd$ ^u ! fact t man is made 9 ! image ( ,god 7,g54 ix4 #f71 & ,paul affirms ( man1 z man1 t he is ! image & glory ( ,god 7#a ,cor4 xi4 #g74 ,footnote #eje3 ,hi/ory ( ,philosophy1 vol4 i4 p4 #aae4 ,footnote #ejf3 ,see ,psa4 viii4 #f2 #a ,cor4 xi4 #g2 ,col4 iii4 #aj2 ,eph4 iv4 #bd4 ,footnote #ejg3 ,see ,dr4 ,"y's ,*ri/ ( ,hi/ory1 pp4 #acf-ach4 ,footnote #ejh3 ,butl]'s ,analogy1 pt4 i4 *4 iii4 ,footnote #eji3 ,reign ( ,law1 by ! ,duke ( ,argyll1 p4 #aba4 ,footnote #eaj3 ,nature1 vol4 vi4 p4 #cab4 ,footnote #eaa3 ,col]idge's ,works1 vol4 i4 p4 #aeb4 ,footnote #eab3 ,c\s91 ,true1 ,beautiful1 & ,good1 pp4 #bhg-bhi4 ,footnote #eac3 ,sewell's ,*ri/ian ,morals1 p4 #cci4 ,footnote #ead3 ,r4 ,w4 ,hamilton4 ,footnote #eae3 ,dr4 ,?omas ,br[n4 ,footnote #eaf3 ,r4 ,w4 ,hamilton4 ,footnote #eag3 ,sophocles1 ,antigone1 v4 #dej-dfj4 ,footnote #eah3 ,quot$ by ,dr4 ,br[n f ,lucani ,ph>salia1 bk4 ix4 ,footnote #eai3 ,fiji & ! ,fijians1 by ,williams & ,calv]t1 p4 #bb4 ,footnote #ebj3 ,mission>y ,travels & ,rese>*es 9 ,s\? ,africa1 p4 #aec4 ,footnote #eba3 ,*alm]s's ,in/itutes ( ,!ology1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bid4 ,footnote #ebb3 ,! ,creator & ! ,creation1 by ,john ,"y4 ,,ll4,d41 pp4 #aja-b4 ,see also ,man ,primeval1 by ,dr4 ,h>ris1 p4 #aji2 ,hamilton's ,reveal$ ,doctr9e ( ,rew>ds & ,puni%m5ts1 p4 #fg4 ,footnote #ebc3 ,true1 ,beautiful1 & ,good1 p4 #bhf4 ,footnote #ebd3 ,h&-book ( ,moral ,philosophy1 p4 #ahd4 ,see also ,cairns's ,treatise on ,moral ,fre$om1 p4 #bbb2 & ,haz>d on ,causation & ,fre$om 9 ,will+1 p4 #g2 ,dr4 ,alex&]1 ,outl9es ( ,moral ,sci5ce1 p4 #abe3 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el's ,famili> ,lectures on ,sci5ce1 p4 #dfa2 ,c>p5t]'s ,human ,physiology1 p4 #edc2 ,wallace1 ,on ,natural ,selection1 p4 #cfg2 ,beale's ,protoplasm1 p4 #aba4 ,footnote #ebe3 ,prolegom5a ,logica1 p4 #abb4 ,footnote #ebf3 ,lectures on ,metaphysics1 vol4 i4 p4 #cgc2 also ,port]'s ,human ,intellect1 p4 #ie4 ,footnote #ebg3 ,quot$ by ,hamilton 9 ,notes on ,reid1 p4 #faf4 ,footnote #ebh3 ,discussions1 p4 #ehg4 ,footnote #ebi3 ,! feel+ ( responsibility is unmean+ unless x presupposes ! reality ( fre$om4--,murphy1 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #he4 ,footnote #ecj3 ,! miracul\s int]positions record$ 9 ! ,scriptures are n inconsi/5t ) ?is fundam5tal axiom1 = !y are effects ( ! w ( ,god z ! cause4--,mc,cosh1 ,div9e ,gov]nm5t1 p4 #aac4 ,footnote #eca3 ,div9e ,gov]nm5t1 p4 #eda4 ,footnote #ecb3 ,see ,mc,cosh's ,div9e ,gov]nm5t1 p4 #aac1 & ,mill's ,logic1 p4 #aad1 vol4 ii41 ,engli% edition4 ,footnote #ecc3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #hg4 ,footnote #ecd3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #ib4 ,e intellig5t ef=t is an ex]cise ( orig9at+ creative p[] :i* makes ! future diff]5t f :at x w\ld h be5 b = ! ex]cise ( ?is p[]4--,haz>d1 ,on ,causation1 p4 #hg4 ,footnote #ece3 ,philosophy1 p4 #eaa4 ,footnote #ecf3 ,philosophy1 p4 #ejh4 ,footnote #ecg3 ,prolegom5a ,logica1 ,app41 note ,c4 ,footnote #ech3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #cb4 ,footnote #eci3 ,ibid41 p4 #ef4 ,footnote #edj3 ,see ,cald]wood's ,h&-book ( ,moral ,philosophy1 pp4 #aif1 #aig4 ,footnote #eda3 ,mll]'s ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 ii4 p4 #ef4 ,footnote #edb3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #acj4 ,footnote #edc3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #ace4 ,footnote #edd3 ,ibid41 p4 #aic4 ,footnote #ede3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #aeh4 ,footnote #edf3 ,intuition1 etc41 p4 #dgb4 ,footnote #edg3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #aga4 ,footnote #edh3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #agc4 ,footnote #edi3 ,s long z !re are fluctuations at all1 ev5 ?\gh !y be ( inf9itesimal magnitude z comp>$ ) ! total1 /ati/ical regul>ity does n exclude all room = fre$om4--,murphy1 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #hd4 ,footnote #eej3 ,prolegom5a ,logica1 p4 #bhj4 ,footnote #eea3 ,on self-limitation ( ! ,div9e w1 see ,mll]1 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bjh-bab4 ,footnote #eeb3 ,?is is unque/ionably ! doctr9e ( ,scripture1 ,:om ,he =eknew1 !m also ,he did pr$e/9ate4 ,footnote #eec3 ,bu%nell1 ,nature & ! ,sup]natural1 p4 #ej4 ,footnote #eed3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #bgc2 ,mll]1 ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bcf-bdg4 ,footnote #eee3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 p4 #bhc4 ,footnote #eef3 ,bu%nell1 ,nature & ! ,sup]natural1 p4 #hc4 ,footnote #eeg3 ,ibid41 p4 #ii4 ,footnote #eeh3 ,luke xii4 #dg1 #dh4 ,footnote #eei3 ,matt4 xi4 #ba-bd4 ,footnote #efj3 ,:$on1 ,fre$om ( ! ,w1 pp4 #cee-ceg4 ,footnote #efa3 ,hamilton1 ,reveal$ ,doctr9e ( ,rew>ds & ,puni%m5ts1 p4 #hh4 ,footnote #efb3 ,! =mation ( noble human *>act]s is ! highe/ "w t man1 or1 s f> z we "k1 t ,god c be engag$ 94--,murphy1 ,sci5tific ,basis ( ,fai?1 p4 #ci4 ,,valuable ,,& ,,int]e/+ ,,works ,,= ,,public ,,private ,,libr>ies1 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,,new ,,york4 ,= a full ,li/ ( ,books suitable = ,libr>ies publi%$ by ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 see ,,h>p]',s ,,catalogue1 :i* may be _h gratuit\sly on application to ! publi%]s p]sonally1 or by lett] enclos+ ,n9e ,c5ts 9 ,po/age /amps4 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs w s5d _! publications by mail1 po/age prepaid1 on receipt ( ! price4 ,,macaulay',s ,,engl&4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,engl& f ! ,accession ( ,james ,,ii4 ,by ,,?omas ,,bab+ton ,,macaulay4 ,new ,edition1 f new ,electrotype ,plates4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ) ,pap] ,labels1 ,uncut ,edges & ,gilt ,tops1 #e vols4 9 a ,box1 #aj #jj p] set4 ,sold only 9 ,sets4 ,*eap ,edition1 #e vols4 9 a ,box1 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #b #ej2 ,%eep1 #c #ge4 ,,macaulay',s ,,life ,,& ,,lett]s4 ,! ,life & ,lett]s ( ,"l ,macaulay4 ,by 8 ,nephew1 ,g4 ,,otto ,,trevelyan1 ,m4,p4 ,) ,portrait on ,/eel4 ,complete 9 #b vols41 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ,uncut ,edges & ,gilt ,tops1 #e #jj2 ,%eep1 #f #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #i #ej4 ,popul> ,edition1 two vols4 9 "o1 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ge4 ,,hume',s ,,engl&4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 f ! ,invasion ( ,julius ,cs> to ! ,abdication ( ,james ,,ii41 #afhh4 ,by ,,david ,,hume4 ,new & ,elegant ,libr>y ,edition1 f new ,electrotype ,plates4 #f vols4 9 a ,box1 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ) ,pap] ,labels1 ,uncut ,edges & ,gilt ,tops1 #ab #jj4 ,sold only 9 ,sets4 ,popul> ,edition1 #f vols4 9 a ,box1 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #c #jj2 ,%eep1 #d #ej4 ,,gibbon',s ,,rome4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,by ,,edw>d ,,gibbon4 ,) ,notes by ,dean ,,milman1 ,m4 ,,guizot1 & ,dr4 ,,william ,,smi?4 ,new ,edition1 f new ,electrotype ,plates4 #f vols41 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ) ,pap] ,labels1 ,uncut ,edges & ,gilt ,tops1 #ab #jj4 ,sold only 9 ,sets4 ,popul> ,edition1 #f vols4 9 a ,box1 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #c #jj2 ,%eep1 #d #ej4 ,,hildre?',s ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,fir/ ,,s]ies3 ,f ! ,discov]y ( ! ,cont95t to ! ,organization ( ! ,gov]nm5t "u ! ,f$]al ,con/itution4 ,,second ,,s]ies3 ,f ! ,adoption ( ! ,f$]al ,con/itution to ! ,end ( ! ,sixte5? ,congress4 ,by ,,ri*>d ,,hildre?4 ,popul> ,edition1 #f vols4 9 a ,box1 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ) ,pap] ,labels1 ,uncut ,edges & ,gilt ,tops1 #ab #jj4 ,sold only 9 ,sets4 ,,motley',s ,,dut* ,,republic4 ,! ,rise ( ! ,dut* ,republic4 ,a ,hi/ory4 ,by ,,john ,,lo?rop ,,motley1 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,) a ,portrait ( ,william ( ,orange4 ,*eap ,edition1 #c vols4 9 a ,box1 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ) ,pap] ,labels1 ,uncut ,edges & ,gilt ,tops1 #f #jj4 ,sold only 9 ,sets4 ,orig9al ,libr>y ,edition1 #c vols41 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #aj #ej2 ,%eep1 #ab #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #ag #be4 ,,motley',s ,,unit$ ,,ne!rl&s4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,ne!rl&s3 f ! ,dea? ( ,william ! ,sil5t to ! ,twelve ,ye>s' ,truce--#aehd-afji4 ,) a full ,view ( ! ,engli%-,dut* ,/ruggle aga9/ ,spa9 & ( ! ,orig9 & ,de/ruction ( ! ,spani% ,armada4 ,by ,,john ,,lo?rop ,,motley1 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,portraits4 ,*eap ,edition1 #d vols4 9 a ,box1 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ) ,pap] ,labels1 ,uncut ,edges & ,gilt ,tops1 #h #jj4 ,sold only 9 ,sets4 ,orig9al ,libr>y ,edition1 #d vols41 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #ad #jj2 ,%eep1 #af #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #bc #jj4 ,,motley',s ,,life ,,& ,,dea? ,,( ,,john ,,( ,,b>neveld4 ,! ,life & ,dea? ( ,john ( ,b>neveld1 ,advocate ( ,holl&3 ) a ,view ( ! ,prim>y ,causes & ,movem5ts ( ,! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,by ,,john ,,lo?rop ,,motley1 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,illu/rat$4 ,*eap ,edition1 #b vols4 9 a ,box1 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ) ,pap] ,labels1 ,uncut ,edges & ,gilt ,tops1 #d #jj4 ,sold only 9 ,sets4 ,orig9al ,libr>y ,edition1 #b vols41 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #g #jj2 ,%eep1 #h #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #aa #ej4 ,,g$des',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,john ,,de ,,witt4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,adm9i/ration ( ,john ,de ,witt1 ,gr& ,p5sion>y ( ,holl&4 ,by ,,james ,,g$des4 ,vol4 ,i4--#afbc-afed4 ,) a ,portrait4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #b #ej4 ,,sket*es ,,& ,,/udies ,,9 ,,s\!rn ,,europe4 ,by ,,john ,,add+ton ,,symonds4 ,9 ,two ,volumes4 ,po/ #hvo1 ,clo?1 #d #jj4 ,,symonds',s ,,greek ,,poets4 ,/udies ( ! ,greek ,poets4 ,by ,,john ,,add+ton ,,symonds4 #b vols41 ,squ>e #afmo1 ,clo?1 #c #ej4 ,,b5jam9',s ,,contempor>y ,,art4 ,contempor>y ,art 9 ,europe4 ,by ,s4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,b5jam94 ,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #c #ej4 ,,b5jam9',s ,,art ,,9 ,,am]ica4 ,art 9 ,am]ica4 ,by ,s4 ,g4 ,w4 ,,b5jam94 ,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #d #jj4 ,,hudson',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,j\rnalism4 ,j\rnalism 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 f #afij to #ahgb4 ,by ,,fr$]ic ,,hudson4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #e #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #g #be4 ,,k+lake',s ,,crimean ,,w>4 ,! ,invasion ( ! ,crimea3 its ,orig91 & an ,acc\nt ( its ,progress d[n to ! ,dea? ( ,"l ,raglan4 ,by ,,alex&] ,,william ,,k+lake4 ,) ,maps & ,plans4 ,?ree ,volumes n[ ready4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #b #jj p] vol4 ,,jeff]son',s ,,life4 ,! ,dome/ic ,life ( ,?omas ,jeff]son3 ,compil$ f ,family ,lett]s & ,rem9isc5ces1 by 8 ,great-gr&daught]1 ,,s>ah ,n4 ,,r&olph4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo?1 #b #ej4 ,,lamb',s ,,complete ,,works4 ,! ,works ( ,*>les ,lamb4 ,compris+ 8 ,lett]s1 ,poems1 ,essays ( ,elia1 ,essays ^u ,%akspe>e1 ,hog>?1 etc41 & a ,sket* ( 8 ,life1 ) ! ,f9al ,memorials1 by ,t4 ,,noon ,,talf\rd4 ,) ,portrait4 #b vols41 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #c #jj4 ,,lawr5ce',s ,,hi/orical ,,/udies4 ,hi/orical ,/udies4 ,by ,,eug5e ,,lawr5ce4 ,conta9+ ! foll[+ ,essays3 ,! ,bi%ops ( ,rome4--,leo & ,lu!r4--,loyola & ! ,jesuits4--,ecum5ical ,c\ncils4--,! ,vaudois4--,! ,hugu5ots4--,! ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem4--,dom9ic & ! ,inquisition4--,! ,conque/ ( ,irel&4--,! ,greek ,*ur*4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ,uncut ,edges & ,gilt ,tops1 #c #jj4 ,,loss+',s ,,field-,,book ,,( ,,! ,,revolution4 ,pictorial ,field-,book ( ! ,revolution3 or1 ,illu/rations by ,p5 & ,p5cil ( ! ,hi/ory1 ,biography1 ,sc5]y1 ,relics1 & ,traditions ( ! ,w> = ,indep5d5ce4 ,by ,,b5son ,j4 ,,loss+4 #b vols41 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #ad #jj2 ,%eep or ,roan1 #ae #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #ah #jj4 ,,loss+',s ,,field-,,book ,,( ,,! ,,w> ,,( #ahab4 ,pictorial ,field-,book ( ! ,w> ( #ahab2 or1 ,illu/rations by ,p5 & ,p5cil ( ! ,hi/ory1 ,biography1 ,sc5]y1 ,relics1 & ,traditions ( ! la/ ,w> = ,am]ican ,indep5d5ce4 ,by ,,b5son ,j4 ,,loss+4 ,) sev]al hundr$ ,engrav+s on ,wood by ,loss+ & ,b>ritt1 *iefly f ,orig9al ,sket*es by ! ,au?or4 #ajhh pages1 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #g #jj2 ,%eep1 #h #ej2 ,roan1 #i #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #aj #jj4 ,,=/]',s ,,life ,,( ,,dean ,,swift4 ,! ,e>ly ,life ( ,jona?an ,swift 7#affg-agaa74 ,by ,,john ,,=/]4 ,) ,portrait4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ,uncut ,edges & ,gilt ,tops1 #b #ej4 ,,gre5',s ,,engli% ,,p4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,p4 ,by ,,john ,,ri*>d ,,gre51 ,m4,a4 #c volumes ready4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #b #ej p] volume4 ,,%ort',s ,,nor? ,,am]icans ,,( ,,antiquity4 ,! ,nor? ,am]icans ( ,antiquity4 ,_! ,orig91 ,migrations1 & ,type ( ,civilization ,consid]$4 ,by ,,john ,t4 ,,%ort4 ,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #c #jj4 ,,squi]',s ,,p]u4 ,p]u3 ,incid5ts ( ,travel & ,exploration 9 ! ,l& ( ! ,incas4 ,by ,e4 ,,george ,,squi]1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a41 late ,u4,s4 ,commission] to ,p]u4 ,) ,illu/rations1 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #e #jj4 ,,my]s',s ,,lo/ ,,empires4 ,rema9s ( ,lo/ ,empires3 ,sket*es ( ! ,ru9s ( ,palmyra1 ,n9eveh1 ,babylon1 & ,p]sepolis4 ,by ,p4 ,v4 ,n4 ,,my]s4 ,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #c #ej4 ,,maury',s ,,physical ,,geography ,,( ,,! ,,sea4 ,! ,physical ,geography ( ! ,sea1 & its ,meteorology4 ,by ,m4 ,f4 ,,maury1 ,,ll4,d4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #d #jj4 ,,s*we9fur?',s ,,he>t ,,( ,,africa4 ,! ,he>t ( ,africa4 ,?ree ,ye>s' ,travels & ,adv5tures 9 ! ,unexplor$ ,regions ( ! ,c5tre ( ,africa--f #ahfh to #ahga4 ,by ,dr4 ,,georq ,,s*we9fur?4 ,translat$ by ,,ell5 ,e4 ,,frew]4 ,) an ,introduction by ,,w9wood ,,reade4 ,illu/rat$ by ab\t #acj ,wood-cuts f ,draw+s made by ! ,au?or1 & ) two ,maps4 #b vols41 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #h #jj4 ,m',,cl9tock ,,/rong',s ,,cyclop,,dia4 ,cyclopdia ( ,biblical1 ,!ological1 & ,ecclesia/ical ,lit]ature4 ,prep>$ by ! ,rev4 ,,john ,m',,cl9tock1 ,d4,d41 & ,,james ,,/rong1 ,s4,t4,d4 #i vols4 n[ ready4 ,royal #hvo4 ,price p] vol41 ,clo?1 #e #jj2 ,%eep1 #f #jj2 ,half ,morocco1 #h #jj4 7,sold by ,subscription47 ,,mohamm$ ,,& ,,mohamm$anism3 ,lectures ,deliv]$ at ! ,royal ,in/itution ( ,great ,brita9 9 ,febru>y & ,m>*1 #ahgd4 ,by ,r4 ,,boswor? ,,smi?1 ,m4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/] 9 ,h>r[ ,s*ool2 late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,) an ,app5dix conta9+ ,emanuel ,deuts*'s ,article on ,islam4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ej4 ,,mo%eim',s ,,*ur* ,,hi/ory4 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,anci5t & ,mod]n2 9 :i* ! ,rise1 ,progress1 & ,v>iation ( ,*ur* ,p[] are consid]$ 9 _! connection ) ! ,/ate ( ,le>n+ & ,philosophy1 & ! ,political ,hi/ory ( ,europe dur+ t ,p]iod4 ,translat$1 ) ,notes1 etc41 by ,a4 ,,macla9e1 ,d4,d4 ,cont9u$ to #ahbf by ,c4 ,,coote1 ,,ll4,d4 #b vols41 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #d #jj2 ,%eep1 #e #jj4 ,,h>p]',s ,,new ,,classical ,,libr>y4 ,lit]al ,translations4 ,! foll[+ volumes are n[ ready4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #ej ea*4 ,c,,s>4--,,virgil4--,,sallu/4--,,horace4 --,,cic]o',s ,,orations4--,,cic]o',s ,,(fices1 etc4--,,cic]o ,,on ,,oratory ,,& ,,orators4--,,tacitus 7#b vols474--,,t]5ce4--,,sophocles4--,,juv5a l4--,,x5ophon4--,,hom]',s ,,iliad4--,,hom]',s ,,odyssey4--,,h]odotus4--,,demo/h5es 7#b vols474--,,?ucydides4--,,s*ylus4--,,euri pides 7#b vols474--,,livy 7#b vols474--,,plato ,select ,dialogues4 ,,v9c5t',s ,,l& ,,( ,,! ,,:ite ,,elephant4 ,! ,l& ( ! ,:ite ,elephant3 ,sights & ,sc5es 9 ,s\!a/]n ,asia4 ,a ,p]sonal ,n>rative ( ,travel & ,adv5ture 9 ,f>!r ,india1 embrac+ ! ,c\ntries ( ,burma1 ,siam1 ,cambodia1 & ,co*9-,*9a 7#ahga-b74 ,by ,,frank ,,v9c5t1 ,jr4 ,illu/rat$ ) ,maps1 ,plans1 & ,wood-cuts4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo?1 #c #ej4 ,,liv+/one',s ,,s\? ,,africa4 ,mission>y ,travels & ,rese>*es 9 ,s\? ,africa3 includ+ a ,sket* ( ,sixte5 ,ye>s' ,resid5ce 9 ! ,int]ior ( ,africa1 & a ,j\rney f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope to ,lo&a on ! ,we/ ,coa/2 !nce across ! ,cont95t1 d[n ! ,riv] ,zambesi1 to ! ,ea/]n ,ocean4 ,by ,,david ,,liv+/one1 ,,ll4,d41 ,d4,c4,l4 ,) ,portrait1 ,maps1 & ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #d #ej2 ,%eep1 #e #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #f #ge4 ,,liv+/one',s ,,zambesi4 ,n>rative ( an ,exp$ition to ! ,zambesi & its ,tribut>ies1 & ( ! ,discov]y ( ! ,lakes ,%irwa & ,nyassa1 #aheh-ahfd4 ,by ,,david & ,,*>les ,,liv+/one4 ,map & ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #e #jj2 ,%eep1 #e #ej2 ,half ,calf1 #g #be4 ,,liv+/one',s ,,la/ ,,j\rnals4 ,! ,la/ ,j\rnals ( ,david ,liv+/one 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 f #ahfe to 8 ,dea?4 ,cont9u$ by a ,n>rative ( 8 ,la/ ,mom5ts & ,suff]+s1 obta9$ f 8 ,fai?ful ,s]vants ,*uma & ,susi4 ,by ,,horace ,,wall]1 ,f4,r4,g4,s41 ,rector ( ,twywell1 ,nor?ampton4 ,) ,portrait1 ,maps1 & ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #e #jj2 ,%eep1 #e #ej2 ,half ,calf1 #g #be4 ,*eap ,popul> ,edition1 #hvo1 ,clo?1 ) ,map & ,illu/rations1 #b #ej4 ,,grote',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,greece4 #ab vols41 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #ah #jj2 ,%eep1 #bb #hj2 ,half ,calf1 #ci #jj4 ,,reclus',s ,,e>?4 ,! ,e>?3 a ,descriptive ,hi/ory ( ! ,ph5om5a ( ! ,life ( ! ,globe4 ,by ,,lis,e ,,reclus4 ,) #bcd ,maps & ,illu/rations1 & #bc ,page ,maps pr9t$ 9 ,colors4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #e #jj4 ,,reclus',s ,,ocean4 ,! ,ocean1 ,atmosph]e1 & ,life4 ,be+ ! ,second ,s]ies ( a ,descriptive ,hi/ory ( ! ,life ( ! ,globe4 ,by ,,lis,e ,,reclus4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$ ) #bej ,maps or ,figures1 & #bg ,maps pr9t$ 9 ,colors4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #f #jj4 ,,nordh(f',s ,,communi/ic ,,societies ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,! ,communi/ic ,societies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 f ,p]sonal ,visit & ,obs]vation2 includ+ ,detail$ ,acc\nts ( ! ,economi/s1 ,zo>ites1 ,%ak]s1 ! ,amana1 ,oneida1 ,be!l1 ,aurora1 ,ic>ian1 & o!r exi/+ ,societies4 ,) ,p>ticul>s ( _! ,religi\s ,cre$s & ,practices1 _! ,social ,!ories & ,life1 ,numb]s1 ,indu/ries1 & ,pres5t ,condition4 ,by ,,*>les ,,nordh(f4 ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #d #jj4 ,,nordh(f',s ,,cali=nia4 ,cali=nia3 = ,heal?1 ,pleasure1 & ,resid5ce4 ,a ,book = ,travell]s & ,settl]s4 ,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #b #ej4 ,,nordh(f',s ,,nor!rn ,,cali=nia ,,& ,,! ,,s&wi* ,,isl&s4 ,nor!rn ,cali=nia1 ,oregon1 & ! ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 ,by ,,*>les ,,nordh(f4 ,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #b #ej4 ,,%akspe>e4 ,! ,dramatic ,works ( ,william ,%akspe>e4 ,) ,corrections & ,notes4 ,engrav+s4 #f vols41 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #i #jj4 #b vols41 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #d #jj2 ,%eep1 #e #jj4 ,9 "o vol41 #hvo1 ,%eep1 #d #jj4 ,,bak]',s ,,ismail,a4 ,ismaila3 a ,n>rative ( ! ,exp$ition to ,c5tral ,africa = ! ,suppression ( ! ,slave-trade1 organiz$ by ,ismail1 ,kh$ive ( ,egypt4 ,by ,sir ,,samuel ,,:ite ,,bak]1 ,,pa%a1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,f4,r4,g4,s4 ,) ,maps1 ,portraits1 & ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #e #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #g #be4 ,,griffis',s ,,japan4 ,! ,mikado's ,empire3 ,book ,i4 ,hi/ory ( ,japan1 f #ffj ,b4,c4 to #ahgb ,a4,d4 ,book ,,ii4 ,p]sonal ,exp]i5ces1 ,obs]vations1 & ,/udies 9 ,japan1 #ahgj-ahgd4 ,by ,,william ,,elliot ,,griffis1 ,a4,m41 late ( ! ,imp]ial ,univ]sity ( ,tokio1 ,japan4 ,copi\sly ,illu/rat$4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #d #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #f #be4 ,,smiles',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,hugu5ots4 ,! ,hugu5ots3 _! ,settlem5ts1 ,*ur*es1 & ,indu/ries 9 ,engl& & ,irel&4 ,by ,,samuel ,,smiles4 ,) an ,app5dix relat+ to ! ,hugu5ots 9 ,am]ica4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo?1 #b #jj4 ,,smiles',s ,,hugu5ots ,,aft] ,,! ,,revocation4 ,! ,hugu5ots 9 ,france aft] ! ,revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes2 ) a ,visit to ! ,c\ntry ( ! ,vaudois4 ,by ,,samuel ,,smiles4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo?1 #b #jj4 ,,smiles',s ,,life ,,( ,,! ,,/eph5sons4 ,! ,life ( ,george ,/eph5son1 & ( 8 ,son1 ,rob]t ,/eph5son2 ,compris+1 also1 a ,hi/ory ( ! ,inv5tion & ,introduction ( ! ,railway ,locomotive4 ,by ,,samuel ,,smiles4 ,) ,/eel ,portraits & num]\s ,illu/rations4 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #c #jj4 ,,rawl9son',s ,,manual ,,( ,,anci5t ,,hi/ory4 ,a ,manual ( ,anci5t ,hi/ory1 f ! ,e>lie/ ,times to ! ,fall ( ! ,we/]n ,empire4 ,compris+ ! ,hi/ory ( ,*alda1 ,assyria1 ,m$ia1 ,babylonia1 ,lydia1 ,phnicia1 ,syria1 ,juda1 ,egypt1 ,c>?age1 ,p]sia1 ,greece1 ,mac$onia1 ,p>?ia1 & ,rome4 ,by ,,george ,,rawl9son1 ,m4,a41 ,camd5 ,pr(essor ( ,anci5t ,hi/ory 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 #abmo1 ,clo?1 #a #be4 ,,alison',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,europe4 ,,fir/ ,,s]ies3 ,f ! ,comm5cem5t ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 9 #aghi1 to ! ,re/oration ( ! ,b\rbons 9 #ahae4 ,9 addition to ! ,notes on ,*apt] ,,lxxvi41 :i* correct ! errors ( ! orig9al "w conc]n+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a copi\s ,analytical ,index has be5 app5d$ to ?is ,am]ican ,edition4 ,,second ,,s]ies3 ,f ! ,fall ( ,napoleon1 9 #ahae1 to ! ,accession ( ,l\is ,napoleon1 9 #aheb4 #h vols41 #hvo1 ,clo?1 #af #jj2 ,%eep1 #bj #jj2 ,half ,calf1 #cd #jj4