,transcrib]'s note3 ,notes & quotations 9 small] font h be5 ind5t$ two spaces4 ,app>5t typographical errors h be5 correct$2 inconsi/5t hyph5s h be5 reta9$2 essay head+s h be5 simplifi$4 ,ox=d ,,horace ,,h>t1 ,,pr9t] ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,lux ,,mundi ,a ,,s]ies ,,( ,,/udies ,,9 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,inc>nation ,,edit$ ,,by ,,*>les ,,gore1 ,m4,a4 ,,pr9cipal ,,( ,,pusey ,,h\se ,,fell[ ,,( ,,tr9ity ,,college1 ,,ox=d ,,t5? ,,edition ,a quella ,luce cotal si div5ta1 ,*e volg]si da lei p] altro aspetto impossibil *e mai si cons5ta4 ,,london ,,john ,,murray1 ,,albem>le ,,/reet #ahij ,all rights res]v$ ,,essays ,,& ,,contributors4 #a4 ,fai?4 ,rev4 ,h4 ,s4 ,,holl&1 ,m4,a41 ,canon ( ,/4 ,paul's1 sometime ,s5ior ,/ud5t ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 #b4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,god4 ,rev4 ,,aubrey ,,moore1 ,m4,a41 ,hon4 ,canon ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,tutor ( ,magdal5 & ,keble ,colleges4 #c4 ,! ,problem ( ,pa93 its be>+ on fai? 9 ,god4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,ill+wor?1 ,m4,a41 ,rector ( ,longwor?1 sometime ,fell[ ( ,jesus & ,tutor ( ,keble ,colleges4 #d4 ,! ,prep>ation 9 ,hi/ory = ,*ri/4 ,rev4 ,e4 ,s4 ,,talbot1 ,d4,d41 ,vic> ( ,le$s1 sometime ,w>d5 ( ,keble ,college4 #e4 ,! ,inc>nation 9 relation to ,developm5t4 ,rev4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,ill+wor?4 #f4 ,! ,inc>nation z ! ,basis ( ,dogma4 ,rev4 ,r4 ,c4 ,,mob]ly1 ,m4,a41 ,vic> ( ,great ,budwor?1 sometime ,s5ior ,/ud5t ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 #g4 ,! ,atonem5t4 ,rev4 & ,hon4 ,,ar?ur ,,lyttelton1 ,m4,a41 ,ma/] ( ,selwyn ,college1 ,cambridge1 sometime ,tutor ( ,keble ,college4 #h4 ,! ,holy ,_s & ,inspiration4 ,rev4 ,c4 ,,gore1 ,m4,a41 ,pr9cipal ( ,pusey ,h\se1 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college4 #i4 ,! ,*ur*4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,,lock1 ,m4,a41 ,sub-,w>d5 ( ,keble & ,fell[ ( ,magdal5 ,colleges4 #aj4 ,sacram5ts4 ,rev4 ,f4 ,,paget1 ,d4,d41 ,canon ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 & ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,pa/oral ,!ology4 #aa4 ,*ri/ianity & ,politics4 ,rev4 ,w4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,campion1 ,m4,a41 ,tutor ( ,keble ,college4 #ab4 ,*ri/ian ,e?ics4 ,rev4 ,r4 ,l4 ,,ottley1 ,m4,a41 ,vice-,pr9cipal ( ,cuddesdon1 late ,s5ior ,/ud5t ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,,preface4 #a4 ,?is volume is prim>ily due to a set ( circum/ances :i* exi/s no long]4 ,! writ]s f\nd !mselves at ,ox=d toge!r betwe5 ! ye>s #ahge-ahhe1 engag$ 9 ! common "w ( ,univ]sity education2 & compell$ = _! own sake1 no less ?an t ( o!rs1 to attempt to put ! ,ca?olic fai? into its "r relation to mod]n intellectual & moral problems4 ,su* common necessity & ef=t l$ to n infrequ5t meet+s1 9 :i* a common body ( ?\ght & s5tim5t1 & a common me?od ( comm5d+ ! fai? to ! acceptance ( o!rs1 t5d$ to =m itself4 ,we1 :o once enjoy$ ?is happy companion%ip1 are n[ = ! mo/ "p sep>at$4 ,b at lea/ "s result ( our tempor>y association rema9s1 :i* x is hop$ may ju/ify & expla9 ! pres5t volume4 #b4 ,= ?is collection ( essays repres5ts an attempt on behalf ( ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ 9 ! way ( explanation4 ,we are sure t ,jesus ,*ri/ is /ill & w cont9ue to be ! ',light ( ! _w4' ,we are sure t if m5 c rid !mselves ( prejudices & mi/akes 7= :i*1 x mu/ be said1 ! ,*ur* is (t5 z responsible z !y71 & w look afre% at :at ! ,*ri/ian fai? really means1 !y w f9d t x is z adequate z ev] to int]pret life & k 9 its sev]al dep>tm5ts1 & to imp>t n less intellectual ?an moral fre$om4 ,b we are consci\s also t if ! true mean+ ( ! fai? is to be made suffici5tly conspicu\s x ne$s dis5cumb]+1 re9t]pret+1 expla9+4 ,we c b quote 9 ?is s5se a di/+ui%$ ,fr5* writ] :o has (t5 act$ z an inspiration to _m ( u4 ,pre ,gratry felt pa9fully t ! dogmas ( ! ,*ur* 7 b z an 'unkn[n tongue' to _m ( ! be/ ( 8 compatriots4 ',x is n en\gh1' he said1 'to utt] ! my/]ies ( ! ,_s1 ! great my/]ies ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 =mulas1 true be=e ,god1 b n und]/ood ( ! p4 ,! apo/le & ! prophet are precisely ^? :o h ! gift ( int]pret+ ^! obscure & pr(\nd =mulas = ea* man & ea* age4 ,to translate into ! common tongue ! my/]i\s & sacr$ language 444 to speak ! ^w ( ,god afre% 9 ea* age1 9 accordance ) bo? ! novelty ( ! age & ! et]nal antiquity ( ! tru?1 ?is is :at ,s4 ,paul means by int]pret+ ! unkn[n tongue4 ,b to d ?is1 ! fir/ condition is t a man %\ld appreciate ! times he lives 94 ,hoc autem tempus qu>e non probatis#a8' #c4 ,we h writt5 !n 9 ?is volume n z 'guess]s at tru?1' b z s]vants ( ! ,ca?olic ,cre$ & ,*ur*1 aim+ only at int]pret+ ! fai? we h receiv$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we h writt5 ) ! conviction t ! epo* 9 :i* we live is "o ( pr(\nd trans=mation1 intellectual & social1 ab\nd+ 9 new ne$s1 new po9ts ( view1 new que/ions2 & c]ta9 !re=e to involve great *anges 9 ! outly+ dep>tm5ts ( !ology1 :]e x is l9k$ on to o!r sci5ces1 & to necessitate "s g5]al re/atem5t ( its claim & mean+4 ,?is is to say t !ology mu/ take a new developm5t4 ,we grudge ! "n developm5t1 on ! "o h&1 to any?+ :i* fails to pres]ve ! type ( ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ & ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 = developm5t is n innovation1 x is n h]esy3 on ! o!r h&1 we _c recognise z ! true 'developm5t ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1' a movem5t :i* means m]ely an int5sification ( a curr5t t5d5cy f )91 a n>r[+ & h>d5+ ( !ology by simply giv+ x great] def9it5ess or multiply+ its dogmas4 ,! real developm5t ( !ology is r ! process 9 :i* ! ,*ur*1 /&+ firm 9 h] old tru?s1 ent]s into ! appreh5sion ( ! new social & intellectual movem5ts ( ea* age3 & because '! tru? makes h] free' is able to assimilate all new mat]ial1 to welcome & give its place to all new k1 to ?r[ h]self into ! sanctification ( ea* new social ord]1 br++ =? out ( h] treasures ?+s new & old1 & %ew+ aga9 & aga9 h] p[] ( witness+ "u *ang$ conditions to ! ca?olic capacity ( h] fai? & life4 #d4 ,to su* a developm5t ^! /udies attempt to be a contribution4 ,!y w be se5 to cov]1 m or less1 ! area ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 9 its natural ord] & sequ5ce ( p>ts1 b ! int5tion is n to (f] complete !ological treatises1 or controv]sial def5ces ( religi\s tru?s3 x is r to pres5t positively ! c5tral ideas & pr9ciples ( religion1 9 ! light ( contempor>y ?\ght & curr5t problems4 ,! only "o ( ! essays 9 fact :i* has any degree ( =mal complet5ess1 is t on ,*ri/ian ,e?ics1 a subject on :i* ! abs5ce ( sy/ematic books ( a g5u9e ,engli% gr[? seems to ju/ify a m detail$ treatm5t4 #e4 ,! ma9 omissions ( :i* we are consci\s are due to want ( space4 ,= in/ance1 we %\ld h be5 v glad to attempt a sep>ate treatm5t ( ! subject ( s92 ?\gh we hope ! l9e t w\ld be tak5 ab\t x has be5 suffici5tly indicat$ by m ?an "o writ]#b4 ,aga91 we h left aside any detail$ discussion ( hi/orical evid5ces2 b x w be se5 t our attempt has be5 s to pres5t ! pr9ciples ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? z to sugge/ ! po9t ( view f :i* evid5ces are intelligible1 & f :i* !y w1 x is firmly believ$1 be f\nd satisfactory4 ,once m1 if we h n f\nd room = a treatm5t ( miracles1 at lea/ we hope t ! ,*ur*'s conception ( ,god1 z ,he manife/s ,himself 9 nature & 9 grace1 :i* we h endeav\r$ to express1 w at once acquit u ( any belief 9 caprici\s 'violations ( law2' & w also sugge/ a view ( ! _w z disord]$ by s9 & cry+ out = r$emption1 :i* w make x intelligible t 'miracles' %\ld appe>1 n z violat+ law1 b z a necess>y elem5t 9 its re/oration z well z its complet] exhibition2 contr>y1 n to ! fundam5tal ord] ( ! ,div9e work+1 b only to a sup]ficial or me*anical view ( x1 or to a view :i* s9 has di/ort$ or preoccupation ) physical sci5ce has unduly n>r[$4 #f4 ,x only rema9s to expla9 t we h writt5 n z m]e individuals1 b z m9i/]s1 "u common conditions1 ( a common fai?4 ,?is unity ( conviction has enabl$ u freely to (f] & accept mutual criticism & sugge/ion2 s t )\t ea* ( u pr(ess+ su* responsibility = "w o!r ?an 8 own1 z w\ld h involv$ undue int]f]5ce ) individual me?od1 we d desire ?is volume to be ! expression ( a common m9d & a common hope4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,pusey ,,h\se1 ,mi*aelmas1 #ahhi4 #a ,gratry1 ,h5ri ,p]reyve1 ,p>is #ahhj1 p4 #afb4 #b ,see pp4 #bjh-baa1 #bib-c1 #cah-bj1 #dge-f4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fif? ,,edition4 ,! au?or ( ! ,essay ,! ,holy ,_s & ,inspiration has endeav\r$ to obviate fur!r misund]/&+ ( 8 mean+ on "o important po9t by rewrit+ "s s5t5ces on pp4 #cei-fj1 9 accordance ) ! ,corrig5da ins]t$ 9 ! ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,t5? ,,edition4 ,i4 ,!re are two ?+s :i* may fairly be regrett$ 9 reg>d to ! criticisms--(t5 ! v k9d & enc\rag+ criticisms--:i*1 ?is book has receiv$4 ,!re is1 fir/1 ! disproportionate att5tion :i* has be5 giv5 to "s tw5ty pages on ! subject ( ! inspiration ( ,holy ,scripture1 an att5tion s disproportionate z to defeat ! object :i* ! writ]s _h 9 view 9 assign+ to t subject its place 9 ! g5]al treatm5t ( ! "w ( ! ,holy ,_s--! object1 namely1 ( giv+ x its prop] context 9 ! :ole body ( ,*ri/ian tru?3 & !re is1 secondly1 ! fact t we h n g5]ally succe$$ 9 ga9+ ! att5tion ( our critics to ! po9t ( view f :i* ^! '/udies' 7 writt51 & ! purpose !y 7 int5d$ to s]ve4 ,our purpose 0 'to succ\r a di/ress$ fai?' by endeav\r+ to br+ ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ into its "r relation to ! mod]n gr[? ( k1 sci5tific1 hi/orical1 critical2 & to ! mod]n problems ( politics & e?ics#c4 ,we 7 writ+ z = ,*ri/ians1 b z = ,*ri/ians p]plex$ by new k :i* !y are requir$ to assimilate & new problems ) :i* !y are requir$ to deal4 ,:at is ne$$ to help m5 9 su* p]plexity is n compromise1 = compromise g5]ally means tamp]+ ) pr9ciple1 b readju/m5t1 or fre% correlation1 ( ! ?+s ( fai? & ! ?+s ( k4 ,9 detail ?is w1 no d\bt1 involve concessions1 & t on bo? sides1 because bo? sides h be5 liable to make mi/akes#d2 b 9 ! ma9 :at is to be look$ = is a reconciliation :i* %all at once set ! sci5tific & critical movem5t1 s f> z x is simply sci5tific & critical1 free f ! p]il ( irreligion1 & ! religi\s movem5t free f ! imputation ( ho/ility to new k--z free z any movem5t c be1 :i* is int5sely conc]n$ to n\ri% & develop :at is p]man5t & un*ang+ 9 human life4 ,su* a reconciliation has m ?an once be5 effect$ 9 ! pa/1 ?\gh nev] )\t a prelim9>y p]iod ( antagonism#e2 our confid5ce t x w be effect$ anew 9 ! future lies p>tly 9 ! fact t we see x already tak+ place 9 "s m9ds :i* seem to u to repres5t ! be/ life & ?\ght ( our "t bo? sci5tific & religi\s4 ,"o su* at lea/#f we knew & h lo/1 ?\gh only f pres5t int]c\rse1 9 ,aubrey ,moore4 ,nobody c\ld "k him & ?9k ( him z 'compromis+' ei!r 8 fai? or 8 sci5ce4 ,he liv$ prim>ily & ) deepe/ int]e/ 9 8 religi\s life & !ological /udy1 b he liv$ also ) int5se reality 9 ! life ( sci5ce4 ,& ! debt we owe to him1 ov] & above ! debt "u :i* 8 p]sonal "* lays u = ev]1 is t ( hav+ let u see h[ ! two lives ( fai? & ( sci5ce c melt into "o4 ,he felt inde$ & wre/l$ ) ! difficulties ( adju/m5t4 ,he _h n1 z x seem$ to u1 ne>ly f9i%$ 8 "w 9 ?is respect4 ,b he _h done en\gh = our enc\ragem5t3 en\gh to help u to believe t ! be/ m9ds ( ! future are to be nei!r religi\s m9ds defy+ sci5tific advance1 nor sci5tific m9ds d5y+ religion1 b m9ds 9 :i* religion int]prets & is int]pret$ by sci5ce1 9 :i* fai? & enquiry subsi/ toge!r & re9=ce "o ano!r4 ,! reason :y he %\ld h be5 s soon tak5 f u & f ! ,*ur* on e>?--tak5 :5 'our ne$ 0 ! sore/'--lies 9 ! imp5etrable my/]ies ( ,god4 ',si dolemus ablatum1 non tam5 obliviscimur quod datus fuit1 et gratias agimus quod hab]e illum m]uimus4444 ,pusillus corde eram et con=tabat me2 pig] et neglig5s1 et excitabat me#g4' ,,ii4 ,x seems to u t a due reg>d to ! po9t ( view f :i* ^! /udies 7 writt5 w\ld h obviat$ "s ( ! criticisms ^u !m4 ,= in/ance1 x w\ld h expla9$ :y we =bore to ent] ^u ! que/ions :i* may be rais$ z to ! seat & me?ods ( ,*ur* au?ority4 ,x 0 because ^! que/ions d n arise practically till ! "w has be5 done to :i* we 7 attempt+ to m9i/]4 ,:5 a man is once reassur$ t 8 fai? 9 ,*ri/ is capable ( rational ju/ification1 he beg9s naturally to enquire :at exactly ! ,*ri/ian religion involves 9 ?is or t detail1 & h[ its manife/ly au?oritative "*1 z a ,div9e ,revelation1 is to f9d expression3 b ^! enquiries h>dly beg9 till ! prelim9>y reassurance has be5 ga9$4 ,! moral au?ority ( ,*ri/ianity1 ( ,*ri/ian lives & *>act]s1 does inde$ ex]cise a det]m9+ influ5ce on ! promotion & recov]y ( fai?2 b m5 d n (t5 ei!r w9 a hold on ! cre$ = ! fir/ "t1 or recov] x :]e x has be5 lo/ or impair$1 because ! !ological au?ority ( ! ,*ur* enables !m to take x on tru/4 ,! v gr\nds ( t au?ority are = ! mom5t too mu* 9 "q to admit ( ! prop] am\nt ( def]5ce be+ giv5 to x4 ,?us x seem$ to u bett] 9 ?is volume to be cont5t ) g5]al /atem5ts z to ! pr9ciple ( ,*ur* au?ority#h1 leav+ out its detail$ discussion z unsuitable to our pres5t purpose4 ,( c\rse1 h[ev]1 we 7 consci\s all ! "t t we 7 ourselves am5able to ! b> ( au?ority & 7 b\nd to feel sure t no?+ we 7 say+ 0 transgress+ ! laws :i* ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has laid d[n4 ,we %\ld inde$ be unanim\s 9 disclaim+ any desire to h 'lic5se to say :at we please' 9 our position z ,*ur* tea*]s4 ,all mean+ w\ld be tak5 out ( ! ef=t & hope ?is book repres5ts if we c\ld n believe t we 7 speak+ z ! ,*ur* w\ld h u speak4 ,z ! essay on ,inspiration has be5 *iefly call$ 9 "q on ! gr\nd ( au?ority1 ! au?or ( x mu/ be all[$ to plead t he did assure himself he 0 say+ no?+ :i* ! ,*ur* 9 h] pa/ action _h n left him free to say1 :ile = ! future he does e>ne/ly desire 9 due c\rse1 & aft] due enquiry1 an action ( ,*ur* au?ority on ! relation ( mod]n critical me?ods to ! doctr9e ( ,inspiration2 & fur!r he believes t ! ,anglican *ur*es1 hold+ z !y d s conspicu\s a place 9 traditional rev]5ce = ! ,scriptures1 :ile !y are s free on ! o!r h& f ! obscuranti/ fe> ( hi/orical enquiry1 are m likely ?an any o!r "p ( ! ,*ur* to arrive at det]m9ations on ! subject su* z w be ( mat]ial s]vice to ! :ole ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,b = ! pres5t !re c be no d\bt ! subject is n ripe = any (ficial or =mal det]m9ations4 ,,iii4 ,x seems to u also t "s ( ! criticisms on ! treatm5t ( ,inspiration 9 ,essay ,,viii1 :i* %all be pres5tly dealt )1 h be5 due to ! same =getfulness ( ! writ]'s aim1 & ( ! g5]al aim ( ! :ole book4 ,our traditional belief 9 ! ,bible is at ! pres5t "t confront$ ) a body ( critical lit]ature :i* claims to ov]?r[ a great _m ( ! accept$ op9ions ab\t ! ,old ,te/am5t ,scriptures4 ,! criticism is at lea/ grave & important en\gh to claim att5tion1 to necessitate t we %\ld come to a m or less cle> und]/&+ ( ! relation 9 :i* our fai? /&s t[>ds x4 ,! writ] ( ! essay did n write z a biblical critic b z a !ological /ud5t & tea*]1 b\nd to give a c&id consid]ation to a criticism :i* be>s directly ^u ! sacr$ books ( our religion4 ,8 object 0 n to discuss & det]m9e que/ions ( biblical criticism1 b to expla91 z x appe>s to him1 ! relation :i* !ology is to take up t[>ds !m4 ,& he wrote '9 ! m9d ( ^? :o h felt ! tr\ble 9 ! air3' he wrote to succ\r a fai? di/ress$ by ! problems criticism is rais+4 ,t fai? is v widely di/ress$ by !m1 & t n m]ely 9 academic circles1 does n admit ( "q4 ,nor did x seem to him to admit ( "q t ! be/ way to deal ) ?is di/ress 0 n to attempt to solve problems1 :i*1 because ( ! imm5se area ov] :i* discussion ranges1 d n admit ( ready solutions2 b to attempt to /ate ! ma9 conclusions criticism is claim+ to h arriv$ at1 z ! critics !mselves w\ld h u /ate !m2 to %[ t our ,*ri/ian fai? is n vitally affect$ by !m2 & s to div]t an anxi\s m9d f problems :i* x _c solve1 at lea/ at pres5t1 & fix x on ! c5tral tru?s ( our religion1 help+ x to feel h[1 if x be once gr\nd$ on ^! c5tral tru?s1 ! issue ( ! critical discussion c be await$1 ) ke5 int]e/ inde$1 b )\t al>m4 ,b ?is assurance ( m9d 9 face ( ! critical controv]sy is only possible if we see t ! critical positions are 9 fact compatible ) ! real inspiration ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,n[ ! be/ way to give reassurance on ?is po9t seem$ to be = ! writ] to make x pla9 t he himself felt ! great =ce & appeal ( ! critical case1 & t 8 conviction t ! real ,inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 unaffect$ by x1 did n dep5d ^u its be+ und]rat$4 ,_h ! ma9 purpose ( ! writ] be5 to help to det]m9e critical positions1 he w\ld h be5 b\nd to write bo? at great] l5g? & also ) m exactness & discrim9ation4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 ! purpose ( reassurance w\ld h _h less *ance ( be+ successfully accompli%$--z 9 "s cases we h reason to believe ) ?ankfulness t x has be5 accompli%$ or assi/$--if ! writ] _h be5 m reluctant to accept1 at lea/ hypo!tically1 :at are claim$ z critical results4 ,we all "k by exp]i5ce t fre$om & happ9ess 9 our attitude z ,*ri/ians t[>ds problems n easily solv$1 or ev5 easily br\ght to crucial te/s1 are mo/ readily secur$ if we c feel t our fai? is1 at ! la/ resort1 indep5d5t ( ! exact solution arriv$ at4 ,?us our object 0 to give to anxi\s enquir]s1 ( :om !re are surely an imm5se numb] mo/ des]v+ ( any help :i* c be giv5 !m1 a fre$om 9 reg>d to ,old ,te/am5t problems z wide z ! ,ca?olic fai? seem$ to w>rant4 ,,iv4 ,we _c b accept ! v g5]al sugge/ion ( our critics t we ought to h attempt$ a sep>ate treatm5t ( ! problem ( s94 ,"s su* treatm5t is n[ (f]$ 9 ! second app5dix1 & (f]$ 9 ! =m ( a republication ( :at has previ\sly se5 ! light1 s t x may be pla9 t ! abs5ce ( x f e>li] editions 0 n due to lack ( conviction or unwill+ness to deal ) ! subject4 ,! app5dix is n 9 fact m ?an a draw+ out ( :at is involv$ 9 "s passages ( ! essays tak5 toge!r#i4 ,?us ! fif? essay takes up a v cle> position z to ! practical aspect :i* s9 be>s 9 human life4 ,! fact is emphasiz$ t s91 z our moral consci\sness kn[s x & ,*ri/ianity has successfully dealt ) x1 is a ph5om5on unique 9 ! _w3--x is :at no?+ else is1 violation ( law4 ,n[ ?is is ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( s91 z ,s4 ,john /ates x3 ',s9 is lawlessness#aj4' ,s9 & lawlessness are co9cid5t t]ms4 ,?is view ( s9 is prim>ily practical2 x may be repres5t$ 9 fact z a po/ulate requir$ = successfully deal+ ) s91 a po/ulate ju/ifi$ & v]ifi$ by its results4 ,b because x is ?us v]ifi$ & ju/ifi$1 x passes l any o!r hypo!sis :i* expla9s facts1 9 proportion to ! range & ?or\ghness ( ! exp]i5ce :i* te/s x1 out ( ! region ( m]e work+ hypo!ses into t ( accept$ tru?s4 ,?us x is to ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness an accept$ tru?1 t s91 all d[n ! long hi/ory ( humanity1 has be5 a violation ( ! div9e ord]1 a refusal ( ob$i5ce1 a corruption ( man's true nature4 ,s91 z su*1 has always be5 a s\rce ( confusion1 n ( progress4 ,we c inde$ recognise h[ ! movem5t & developm5t 9 humanity has frequ5tly#aa be5 9 fact condition$ by s92 b we %\ld /ill cont5d t x has nev] be5 ! s9 9 itself :i* has be5 ! spr+ ( =ce & progress1 b ! faculties ( w & intellect :i* s9 0 us+4 ,always ! w & intellect w\ld h work$ bett] & m fruitfully 9 ! result if !y _h be5 free f ! ta9t ( selfi%ness & rebellion aga9/ ,god4 ,always s91 z su*1 has be5 a l[]+ & n a rais+ ( human life3 a fall & n a rise4 ,?us s9 at ! beg9n+ ( human life mu/ h be5 n m]ely ! awak5+ ( moral consci\sness1 b ! obscur+ & ta9t+ ( x by lawlessness & disob$i5ce4 ,s91 z all d[n its hi/ory1 s 9 its orig91 is a fall2 a fall1 moreov]1 entail+ consequ5ces on ^? :o come aft]1 9 virtue ( ! inviolable solid>ity ( ! human race4 ,to ?is view ( s9 orig9al & actual1 ,*ri/ianity appe>s to be b\nd2 & x is a view t1 z we h n[ endeav\r$ to %[#ab1 br+s u into no conflict ) sci5tific discov]y4 ,= sci5ce nev] attempts to prove t man might n h develop$ o!rwise ?an z 9 fact he has1 or t ! actual developm5t has be5 ! be/ possible3 nor has ,*ri/ianity ev] 9 its be/ repres5tatives1 c]ta9ly n 9 its patri/ic repres5tatives1 be5 id5tifi$ ) a d5ial t human hi/ory z a :ole has be5 a developm5t upw>ds f bel[#ac4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t is 9 fact among anci5t lit]atures1 ! lit]ature ( developm5t1 ( progress#ad4 ,v4 ,! criticisms on our treatm5t ( ,inspiration h be5 s abundant1 & h gone into su* detail1 t x w be obvi\s t any attempt to reply to !m mu/ be a m individual ef=t ?an ! attempt to reply to ! criticisms on ! g5]al aim & _s ( ! book4 ,= :ile ! writ]s 9 ?is volume are at "o z to ! g5]al attitude :i* !y w\ld wi% ! ,*ur* to assume t[>ds ! critical treatm5t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 z !y are at "o 9 ! g5]al l9e ( treatm5t adopt$ ?r\gh\t ?is volume1 !y _c pret5d to be at "o on all ! details ( a complicat$ subject4 ,! writ] ( ! p>ticul> essay alone c be responsible = ^!3 & ) ref]5ce to !m he mu/ be und]/ood to speak simply 9 8 own p]son4 #a4 ,! passage ab\t ,inspiration 0 writt5 "u ! conviction t rec5t criticism ( ! ,old ,te/am5t repres5ts a real advance 9 analytical me?od z appli$ to lit]ature1 & ?us a mo/ s]i\s movem5t ( ?\ght4 ,z su* x has be5 e/imat$ by ! ,bi%op ( ,ox=d 9 8 rec5t ,*>ge4 ,he says1 ',! ,holy ,scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are n[ go+ ?r\gh a process ( analytical criticism :i* has1 z we believe1 _h no p>allel1 = acut5ess ( inve/igation1 c>efulness ( me?od1 & complet5ess ( app>atus1 s9ce ! days 9 :i* !y began to be reg>d$ z a code ( inspir$ lit]ature1 & c]ta9ly n s9ce ! days ( our bless$ ,"l's life on e>?2 at :i* p]iod we und]/& t to all int5ts & purposes ! books :i* we receive1 z ! ,canonical ,old ,te/am5t ,scriptures1 _h tak5 _! exi/+ =m#ae4' ,b l ! sci5tific movem5t ( our "t1 ! critical movem5t has be5 accompani$ by all ! arbitr>9ess & t5d5cy to pu% ?+s to extremes :i* appe>s to be an almo/ insep>able att5dant ^u liv+ & vigor\s movem5ts1 ecclesia/ical & secul>4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 its repres5tatives h be5--& "h aga9 ! conditions ( ! sci5tific movem5t are reproduc$--v frequ5tly m5 p]sonally oppos$ to ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 & ev5 ?or\ghly rationali/ic 9 temp] & tone4 ,b x does n foll[ 9 ! case ( criticism1 any m ?an 9 ! case ( sci5ce1 t we are n to le>n a great deal f a movem5t *>act]iz$ ev5 pr$om9antly by 'extrem5ess' & unbelief4 ,& 9 fact1 9 ! pa/ fifty ye>s !re appe>s to h be5 a solid critical advance1 und]nea? a great deal ( controv]sial arbitr>9ess & irreligi\s insol5ce4 ,n[ ,i ?\ght t ,i %\ld be/ s]ve ! purpose ) :i* ,i 0 writ+1 if ,i w5t z f> z ,i c\ld 9 ungrudg+ recognition ( ! claims ( criticism1 & involv$ myself z little z possible 9 d\btful discussions2 b ,i did also int5d to express1 & believ$ myself to h express$ ) suffici5t cle>ness#af1 my own conviction t x 0 ) ! m cons]vative among ! rec5t critics1 & n ) ! m extreme1 t ! victory w\ld lie4 ,?us :5 ,i said1 9 a s5t5ce :i* has be5 specially criticiz$ 7p>tly because its word+ 0 some:at ambigu\s71 t criticism is rea*+ 'results z sure z sci5tific enquiry1' :at ,i int5d$ s to *>act]ize 0 n ! extreme conclusions ( ,wellhaus51 b sub/antially ! conclusions %>$ 9 common by ,wellhaus5 & ,dillmann1 by critics !ologically m cons]vative1 l ,knig & ,riehm1 by ,delitzs* 9 8 la/ position1 by ! ,fr5* ,ca?olic ori5tali/1 ,f4 ,l5ormant1 z well z by an increas+ body ( ,engli% s*ol>s#ag4 ,nor is !re a s+le l9e ( :at ,i wrote :i* w\ld be affect$1 s f> z ,i see1 ev5 if ,pr(essor ,m>goli\? 7 satisfactorily to make out 8 case = ?r[+ back ! p]iod ( ! ',middle ,hebrew#ah4' ,z to ! gr\nds on :i* we h be5 ask$ to date ! bulk ( ! ,psalms bel[ ! ,captivity1 & ev5 9 ! ,maccabean p]iod1 !y may appe> inde$ q unconv9c+2 b x w\ld h be5 utt]ly beside my purpose1 z x w\ld also h be5 out ( my p[]1 to give !m adequate discussion#ai1 nor w\ld x seem z if ev5 s improbably late a date z t sugge/$ w\ld really affect _! ,messianic or spiritual "*4 ,let u affirm !n )\t any hesitation t !re is a good deal ( arbitr>9ess & extrem5ess 9 curr5t criticism z appli$ to ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,b surely we %\ld be ! victims ( a dang]\s delusion if we 7 to imag9e t because !re is a good deal t is unsub/antial 9 rec5t criticism1 !re=e !re is no sub/antial =ce 9 :at really repres5ts ! successive lab\rs ( _m g5]ations ( /ud5ts4 ,i d n ?9k t we c conceal f ourselves t if we are to def5d a purely cons]vative attitude 9 reg>d to ,old ,te/am5t lit]ature1 we %all require q diff]5t canons ( evid5ce f ^? :i* we are able s successfully to use 9 v9dicat+ ! hi/orical "* ( ! ,new ,te/am5t3 or aga91 9 v9dicat+ ! claims ( ! apo/olic m9i/ry & ! sacram5tal sy/em to be "p ( ! orig9al fabric ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,9 o!r words1 ! critical pr9ciples ( hi/orical enquiry :i* d s amply ju/ify u 9 reta9+ sub/antially ! traditional position 9 reg>d z well to ! ,new ,te/am5t docum5ts z to our ,*ur* pr9ciples1 d n c>ry u to ! same po9t 9 ! field ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,no d\bt !re ! va/ness ( ! field is a p]man5t ob/acle to uni=mly c]ta9 results4 ,a great deal mu/ rema91 & probably = ev]1 m or less an op5 "q4 ,b ?is necess>y unc]ta9ty1 if x imposes on critics an obligation ( caution1 imposes also on u *ur*m5 an obligation ( res]ve 9 dogmatic requirem5t4 ,we d n wi% to run ! risk ( mak+ a claim on m5's m9ds = ! acceptance ( positions = :i* we h only ?is to urge1 t !y _c be absolutely disprov$4 #b4 ,! *ang$ view ( ! developm5t ( ,old ,te/am5t lit]ature1 su* z c be truly said to be propos$ = our acceptance by mod]n critics ) a great deal ( unanimity1 if x be grant$ = ! mom5t t x is compatible ) ! real inspiration ( ! books1 involves no important *ange 9 our spiritual use ( ! ,old ,te/am5t2 9 ! use ( x = ! purposes ( 'fai? & morals4' ,?is latt] use ( ,scripture dep5ds simply on our rightly int]pret+ ! mean+ ( ! books z !y exi/4 ,!re is a great pr9ciple enunciat$ by ,s4 ,augu/9e 9 reg>d to ! ,old ,te/am5t :i* requires to be kept con/antly 9 view4 ,x is t z ! ,old ,te/am5t is manife/$ 9 ! ,new1 s ! ,new ,te/am5t is lat5t 9 ! ,old#bj4 ,9 ord] to recognize ?is !re is no discussion necess>y ( ! me?od by :i* our ',old ,te/am5t' receiv$ its pres5t %ape4 ,! evid5ce ( x lies 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t consid]$ z a f9i%$ product4 ,z su*1 we _c /udy t 'div9e libr>y' )\t be+ /ruck bo? by its unity1 s f> great] ?an belongs to any o!r lit]ature#ba1 & by ! fact t l no o!r lit]ature x looks =w>d to an end n yet atta9$1 a div9e ev5t 9 :i* is to be its ju/ification & its int]pretation4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t dem&s ! ,new to br+ out its true mean+3 ! ,new appeals back to ! ,old to be> witness to ! cont9uity ( ! div9e purpose ( :i* x is ! outcome4 ,x is f ?is po9t ( view t we und]/& ! appeal :i*1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is s con/antly made to ! old] ,scriptures4 ,:e!r !y are appeal$ to1 z 9 ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 z conta9+ ! record ( a moral education1 div9e ?\gh imp]fect1 :i* ! ,*ri/ 0 to complete#bb2 or z by ,/4 ,paul1 z ! record ( a prep>atory & tempor>y discipl9e by means ( ext]nal enactm5ts ( ,god1 calculat$ to awak5 ! dull consci5ce ( m5 to ! reality & hol9ess ( ! div9e w1 & s to make m5 consci\s ( s9 aga9/ ,god1 & ready to welcome ! disp5sation ( p>don & grace#bc2 or1 z 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 z a sy/em ( ritual & c]emonial obs]vances1 9 :i* 7 %ad[$ =? by ! inspir+ ,_s#bd ! deep tru?s ( ! /ill-ne$$ sacrifice1 & ! access to ,god n yet won = man2 or f9ally1 z by almo/ all ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s1 z a prophetic disp5sation 9 :i* ! ,messianic hope f\nd gradual expression 9 full] & exact] l9eam5ts1 & produc$ an anticipation :i* ,*ri/ only c\ld satisfy#be3--;f any ( ^! po9ts ( view1 or f all tak5 toge!r1 we are conc]n$ only ) ! ,old ,te/am5t z x f9ally appe>s1 n ) ! me?od by :i* x came into be+4 ,x _c be too /rongly emphasiz$ t :5 we seek reassurance 9 reg>d to ! inspiration ( ^? books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 to :i* our ,"l & ,8 ,*ur* ref] u1 we f9d x prim>ily 9 ! sub/ance ( ! books z !y are giv5 to u1 n 9 any consid]ations ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y came into exi/5ce#bf4 ,& if ?is is s1 x ne$s to be borne 9 m9d t ! responsibility = br++ x home to ! consci5ces ( m51 ! responsibility = ?us prev5t+ t brea* 9 religi\s cont9uity :i* ! *ange 9 critical & lit]>y conceptions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t might o!rwise occasion1 lies 9 a preem95t degree ^u ^? ( u :o are mo/ impress$ ) ! valid elem5ts ( ! rec5t criticism4 ,x belongs to u to see to x t1 s f> z lies ) u1 ! ,bible %all n be less priz$ by ! g5]ations t are com+1 z ! div9e1 ! inspir$ volume1 ?an x has be5 by ! g5]ations t are gone4 ,x belongs to u to att5d to ! d\ble admonition ( ! ,de ,imitatione3 ',e scripture mu/ be read 9 ! same _s 9 :i* x 0 writt53' & ',d n enquire :o said ?is1 b pay he$ to :at is said4' #c4 ,!re is "o appeal :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t makes to ! ,old :i* 0 n allud$ to above1 z x does n 9 fact fall naturally "u ,s4 ,augu/9e's pr9ciple ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ly+ hid 9 ! ,old--namely ! appeal to x z to a hi/orical record ( ,god's actual deal+s ) ,8 p3 a record ( ?+s :i* actually 'happ5$ unto !m = ensamples1 & are writt5 = our admonition4' ,b ?is appeal aga9 w\ld n be invalidat$ unless x 7 %[n--n m]ely t !re is an ideal elem5t mix$ ) ! hi/ory 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t record1 b--t ! elem5t :i* is n m]e n>rative ( ev5ts z !y happ5$1 ! elem5t ( idealism1 rea*es to ! po9t ( obscur+ ! real significance ( ! facts & di/ort+ _! div9e mean+4 ,:]eas ! tru? is t ! ideal elem5t 9 ! n>rative comes f ! real div9e mean+ 9 ! facts be+ br\ght into emphatic prom95ce r ?an ov]look$2 & we may dep5d ^u x t no results ( criticism h t5d$ to weak5 our belief t ! *ronicl]s ( ,israel's hi/ory1 :e!r prophetic or prie/ly1 7 inspir$ to see its true mean+ & t5d5cy1 & f _! diff]5t po9ts ( view to br+ x out 9 its complet5ess4 ,& x is important to rememb] 9 ?is connection t ! ,jewi% idea ( 'hi/ory' 0 nev] our mod]n critical idea ( a m]e record4 ,!y rank$ _! hi/ory f ,jo%ua to ! books ( ,k+s "u ! head ( 'prophecy1' & intimate to u by ?is v classification t !y see 9 ! hi/orian "o :o n only records b int]prets facts#bg4 #d4 ,! *ang$ view ( ! ,old ,te/am5t books :i* mod]n criticism asks ( u1 conc]ns1 !n1 n s mu* _! cont5ts1 z ! circum/ances ( _! composition & ! me?od by :i* !y rea*$ _! pres5t =m4 ,:5 we pass to ?is latt] class ( consid]ations we are prep>$ = any in=mation :i* criticism or tradition c give u1 :ile at ! same "t our inde/ructible conviction1 =tifi$ by ! /ronge/ int]nal te/imony ( ! books1 t "h is ! ,holy ,_s's "w1 gives u an antec$5t expectation t ! mode ( composition 9 ! case ( ea* book w be su* z ,god 9 ,8 condesc5sion c h sanction$ & us$4 ,god1 ,i say1 9 ,8 condesc5sion--because und\bt$ly ! :ole ,old ,te/am5t does repres5t a condesc5sion ( ,god to a l[ /age ( human developm5t4 ,"h !n we ne$ ! recognition ( a second great pr9ciple :i* ,s4 ,augu/9e lays d[n1 viz4 t 'z wrong is done to ! ,old ,te/am5t if x be d5i$ to come f ! j & good ,god1 s wrong is done to ! ,new if x be put on a level ) ! ,old#bh4' ,= all ! reality ( its inspiration ! ,old ,te/am5t is on a l[] level ?an ! ,new4 ,?us x is n[ almo/ univ]sally recognis$ t ,god 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t is se5 appeal+ to ! human consci5ce at a l[ /age ( its developm5t1 tol]at+ :at 0 n accord+ to ,8 orig9al w or ,8 ultimate purpose#bi1 z 9 ! case ( divorce1 & ev51 z 9 ! case ( ,abraham's sacrifice1 appeal+ to m5 to d ?+s :i* 9 a m fully develop$ /ate ( ! consci5ce c\ld n be ev5 conceiv$ ( z comm&$ by ,god1 9 ord] t ?r\gh _! v ob$i5ce to ! appeal !y might be l$ high] into ! k ( :at ,god c\ld1 & c\ld n1 enjo94 ,h[ fully ?is pr9ciple 9 ,god's deal+s 0 recognis$ & ju/ifi$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ian au?orities has be5 already br\ght out 9 ?is volume#cj4 ,aga91 ! same me?od ( condesc5d+ to :at 0 n 9 itself p]fect1 b 0 susceptible ( a gradual education1 appe>s 9 ! in/itutions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t law ( wor%ip4 ,mod]n enquir]s are press+ ^u u ! fact t ! ritual law ( ,israel is closely ak9 to ! common ritual cu/oms ( ,semite races4 ',:at ,i may call ! natural basis ( ,israel's wor%ip1' says ,pr(4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 '0 v closely ak9 to t ( ! neighb\r+ cults#ca4' ,! peculi>ity ( ,israel's religion lay 9 fact n 9 ! ritual itself1 b 9 ! moral & !ological turn giv5 to ! ritual4 ,accord+ to ?is view ,god 9 ! law appe>s z div]t+ to good uses1 by an act ( condesc5sion1 ritual cu/oms :i* x w\ld h be5 premature to aboli%4 ,su* a view ( ! ritual is some:at /range to ! e>s ( mod]n ,*ur*m51 b x 0 und\bt$ly ! preval5t view ( ! law among ! great writ]s ( ,*ri/ian antiquity4 ,ref]5ces to illu/rate ?is h be5 giv5 9 ! eigh? essay#cb4 ,b ,i may add to ! passages !re ref]r$ to ano!r ( v /rik+ =ce4 ,s4 ,*ryso/om is expla9+ :y ,god %\ld h appeal$ to ! a/rological notions ( ! wise m5 & l$ !m by no o!r lead+ ?an t ( a />4 ,x is because '9 exce$+ condesc5sion ,he calls !m ?r\gh :at is famili>4444 ,9 imitation ( ?is ,paul too reasons ) ! ,greeks f an alt>1 & adduces te/imony f ! poets1 :ile he h>angues ! ,jews ) circumcision1 & makes f ! sacrifices a beg9n+ ( in/ruction = ^? :o are liv+ "u ! law4 ,= s9ce to e "o famili> ?+s are de>1 !re=e bo? ,god ,himself & ! m5 :o 7 s5t f ,god1 ) a view to ! salvation ( ! _w1 manage ?+s on ?is pr9ciple4 ,?9k x n !n unwor?y ( ,him to h call$ !m by a />2 = by ! same rule ?\ wilt f9d fault ) all ! ,jewi% rites also--bo? ! sacrifices & ! purifications & ! new moons1 & ! ark1 & ! temple itself4 ,= all ^! ?+s _h _! orig9 f ,g5tile grossness4 ,yet ,god1 on acc\nt ( ! salvation ( ^? 9 error1 endur$ to be wor%ipp$ by means ( ! v ?+s ?r\gh :i* ^? outside 7 wor%ipp+ demons1 only giv+ !m a slight alt]ation1 t little by little he might draw !m away f _! cu/oms & lead !m up to ! high philosophy4' ,n[ if we recognize t ,god 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t c condesc5d = ! purposes ( ,8 revelation to a l[ /age ( consci5ce1 & a l[ /age ( wor%ip1 :at possible gr\nd h we = d5y+ t ,he c use = purposes ( ,8 inspiration lit]>y me?ods also :i* belong to a rude & undevelop$ /ate ( intellig5ce8 ,if ,he c 'inspire' ) true tea*+ ! native ,semite cu/oms ( ritual1 :y c ,he n d ! same ) _! traditions ( old "t8 ,h[ c we reasonably d5y t ! e>li] portions ( ,g5esis may conta9 ! simple record ( primitive prehi/oric tradition ( ! ,semites#cc1 m\ld$ & us$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 z on all %[+ ! record manife/ly has be5 m\ld$ & us$1 to convey ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( all true religion8 ,or aga91 grant$ t1 on ! 'dramatic' hypo!sis1 ,deut]onomy writt5 n by ,moses1 b 9 ,moses' "n1 to incorporate ! ,mosaic tradition1 repres5ts a lit]>y me?od greatly inf]ior1 9 s5se ( exactitude1 to ! me?od ( p]sonal te/imony z we h x 9 ,s4 ,john#cd1 or ( c>eful inve/igation & use ( orig9al te/imony1 z we h x 9 ,s4 ,luke#ce2 grant$ ?is--h[ c we1 9 view ( ! manife/ facts ( ,god's condesc5sion1 f9d ourselves 9 a position to d5y t ,he c h us$ su* a me?od z a vehicle ( ,8 inspiration#cf8 ,!re is1 x mu/ be emphasiz$1 no critical reason :y we %\ld assign ! composition ( any book ( ! ,old ,te/am5t to ! motive ( fraud4 ,no d\bt ho/ile critics h sometimes sugge/$1 = example1 t ! 'discov]y' ( ! book ( ! law 9 ! ,temple 9 ! days ( ,josiah 0 a 'got up' proce$+1 ! book hav+ really be5 writt5 & hidd5 at ! v "t 9 ord] to be 'discov]$'2 b !re is no positive evid5ce at all to support su* a view1 :ile all ! evid5ce is satisfi$ by ! hypo!sis t an e>li] prophet1 "s hundr$ ye>s previ\sly#cg1 work+ ^u an actual & possibly writt5 tradition ( ,moses' la/ spee*1 _h ca/ ?is tradition into ! dramatic =m & promulgat$1 z f ,moses' lips1 ! law :i* he knew to repres5t ultimately ,moses' au?ority or ! au?ority ( ,god 9 ,moses4 ,t su* a me?od %\ld h be5 adopt$ surprises u surely no m ?an t ,hosea %\ld h be5 l$ to use su* extraord9>y means1 z he seems 9 fact to h be5 enjo9$ to use1 ( reveal+ ,god's m9d ( love t[>ds ,8 p4 ,x involves no int5tion to deceive1 & ! discov]y ( ?is 'book ( ! law1' lo/ 9 ! c>eless p]iod :i* int]v5$1 0 a g5u9e discov]y unatt5d$ by any elem5t ( fraud4 ,once aga91 if ! book ( ,*ronicles conta9s n pure hi/ory b ! prie/ly view ( ! hi/ory1 grant$ t ?is prie/ly po9t ( view 0 morally "p ( ! div9ely int5d$ education ( ! *os5 p1 ev5 ?\gh its intellectual me?od 0 z imp]fect z ord9>ily is ! case ) ! treatm5t ( traditions 9 's*ools' or religi\s ord]s1 9 nations or *ur*es or families1 is !re any priori reason :y ,god1 :o us$ s mu* t 0 imp]fect1 %\ld n h inspir$ ! record ( ?is tradition8 ,"h aga9 we mu/ emphasize t all t criticism requires ( u is to recognise 9 ! book ( ,*ronicles ! record ( ! hi/ory z x became col\r$ 9 ! prie/ly s*ools2 !re is no?+ "h ( a morally unwor?y sort f ! po9t ( view ( ! contempor>y consci5ce1 b only ! same features z are noticeable 9 ! record ( tradition all ! _w ov]#ch4 ,fraudul5t deal+1 =g]y 9 lit]ature1 always involves ! consci\s & delib]ate use ( me?ods calculat$ to impose on o!rs1 me?ods o!r ?an ^? sanction$ by ! lit]>y consci5ce ( ! "t#ci4 ,no d\bt a p>ticul> writ]1 l ,wellhaus51 may make a bias ho/ile to ! sup]natural app>5t 9 8 use ( ! critical me?od1 & may give 9 consequ5ce an anti!ological turn to 8 recon/ruction ( hi/ory2 j z _m a sci5tific writ] has done ) sci5tific facts & sci5tific me?od4 ,9 view ( ?is we mu/ 'try ! spirits' & n attribute too mu* =ce to ! po9t ( view ( a p>ticul> individual4 ,b ?is w n be at all ! same ?+ z reject+ ! mod]n me?od ( criticism or repudiat+ ^? results :i* are c]ta9ly accept$ by _m critics :o are z f> z possible f reject+ ! sup]natural#dj4 #e4 ,no s]i\s attempt has1 ,i ?9k1 be5 made to %[ t ! view ( ! developm5t ( ! ,old ,te/am5t lit]ature :i* ! mod]n critical s*ools1 ) great unanimity1 dem& ( u1 is contr>y to any det]m9ation ( ,*ur* au?ority4 ,by ?is x is n meant t ! !ology ( ! ,*ur* sugge/s ?is view3 x is n ! function ( ! ,*ur* to advance lit]>y k1 except indirectly2 & ?us ! ,*ur* has n _h ! p[] to anticipate ! critical1 any m ?an x _h to anticipate ! sci5tific movem5t4 ,! advance ( k comes 9 all dep>tm5ts ?r\gh ! natural processes ( intellectual enquiry4 ,x is only n[1 9 fact1 t ! critical problem is be=e ! ,*ur*2 b n[ t x is be=e ! ,*ur* x does n seem t ! ,*ur* ought to h any m difficulty 9 welcom+ x & assimilat+ x1 ?an x has _h 9 welcom+ & assimilat+ ! legitimate claims ( sci5ce4 ,) ref]5ce to ! be>+ ( ,*ur* au?ority on ! pres5t discussion1 !re are ?ree po9ts :i* ,i %\ld wi% to urge4 ,fir/1 t ! undivid$ ,*ur* nev] took action on ! matt]1 9 spite ( an extravagant t5d5cy to allegorism 9 ,orig5 & ^? :o 7 influ5c$ by him4 ,secondly1 t z a result ( ?is ! patri/ic !ology leaves a wide op5+ at lea/ = :at we may call ! mod]n way ( reg>d+ ! op5+ *apt]s ( ,g5esis4 ,?us a ,lat9 writ]1 ( ! fif? or six? c5tury1 :o gives an int]e/+ summ>y ( ! ,ca?olic fai?1 & is cle>ly no?+ else b a record] ( accept$ beliefs1 aft] speak+ ( ! orig9 & fall ( man & woman1 cont9ues ?us3 ',^! ?+s are kn[n ?r\gh ,god's revelation to ,8 s]vant ,moses1 :om ,he will$ to be aw>e ( ! /ate & orig9 ( man1 z ! books :i* he produc$ te/ify4 ,= all ! div9e au?ority 7i4e4 ! scriptural revelation7 appe>s to exi/ "u su* a mode z is ei!r ! mode ( hi/ory :i* n>rates only :at happ5$1 or ! mode ( allegory 9 su* s5se t x _c repres5t ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 or a mode made up ( ^! two s z to rema9 bo? hi/orical & allegorical#da4' ,a great deal m 9 ! same s5se z ?is might be produc$4 ,?irdly1 x mu/ be urg$ t s9ce ! division ( ,*ri/5dom no "p ( ! ,*ur* appe>s really to h tight5$ ! bond ( dogmatic obligation4 ,our own =mul>ies are ( c\rse m>k$ly free f def9ition on ! subject1 & ! refusal ( ! ,roman ,*ur* to def9e ! scope ( inspiration1 beyond ! region ( fai? & morals1 has be5 rem>kable#db4 #f4 ,b does ! au?ority ( our ,"l b9d u to repudiate1 9 loyalty to ,him1 ! mod]n views ( ! orig9 ( ! ,old ,te/am5t books8 ,on ?is subject ,i wi% to express my s9c]e regret t ,i %\ld h writt5 s briefly 9 my essay z to lay myself op5 to be misund]/ood to sugge/ our ,"l's fallibility z a tea*]4 ,i tru/ t ! passage1 z x has /ood s9ce ! f\r? edition#dc1 w be at lea/ recognis$ z pla9 9 its mean+ & !ologically innoc5t4 ,i mu/ ask leave to def] to ano!r occasion ! full] discussion ( ?is important subject 9 connection ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,mean:ile ,i w\ld sugge/ t ! long] "o ?9ks ( x ! m app>5t x w become t any hypo!sis z to ! orig9 ( any "o book ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* is consi/5t ) a belief 9 its inspiration1 mu/ be consi/5t also ) our ,"l hav+ giv5 x ,8 au?orisation4 ,if ,8 ,_s c\ld inspire x1 ,he1 9 t ,_s1 c\ld give x ,8 recognition--,8 recognition1 t is to say1 9 reg>d to its spiritual function & "*4 ,?us z we scan c>efully our ,"l's use ( ! ,old ,te/am5t books1 we are surely /ruck ) ! fact t no?+#dd 9 ,8 use ( !m dep5ds on que/ions ( au?or%ip or date2 ,he appeals to !m 9 t spiritual aspect :i* abides ?r\gh all *anges ( lit]>y !ory--_! te/imony to ! ,*ri/3 ',se>* ! ,scriptures 444 !y are !y :i* te/ify ( ,me4' ,he w\ld ?us lead m5 to ask ab\t ea* book ( ! ,old ,te/am5t simply ! "q1--,:at is ! elem5t ( tea*+ prep>atory to ! ,inc>nation1 :at is ! te/imony to ,*ri/1 :i* x supplies8 ,i d n see h[ ) due reg>d to ! self-limitation :i* all use ( human =ms ( ?\ght & spee* mu/ on all %[+ h involv$ to ! ,et]nal ,son1 x c be a difficulty 9 ! way ( accept+ ! mod]n hypo!sis1 t our ,"l ref]r$ to ! inspir$ books "u ! only "n by :i* ,8 ref]5ce w\ld h be5 intelligible to ,8 he>]s4 ,unless ,he _h violat$ ! :ole pr9ciple ( ! ,inc>nation1 by anticipat+ ! sl[ developm5t ( natural k1 ,he mu/ h spok5 ( ! ,deut]onomi/ z ',moses#de1' z naturally z ,he spoke ( ! sun 'ris+4' ,nor does !re seem 9 fact any great] difficulty 9 ,8 speak+ ( "o :o wrote '9 ! _s & p[]' ( ,moses z ,moses1 ?an 9 ,8 speak+ ( "o :o1 accord+ to ! prophecy1 came '9 ! _s & p[] ( ,elias' z himself1 ,elias4 ',if ye w receive x1 ?is is ,elias4' ',elias is already come#df4' ,once m3 if ! ,holy ,_s c\ld use ! tradition ( ! flood to tea* m5 ab\t div9e judgm5ts1 !n our ,"l 9 ! same ,_s c ref] to ! flood1 = ! same purpose4 ,x has h[ev] be5 rec5tly d5i$ t ?is c be s1 unless ! tradition accurately repres5ts hi/ory4 ',i v5ture to ask1' ,pr(essor ,huxley writes#dg1 ':at sort ( value z an illu/ration ( ,god's me?od ( deal+ ) s9 has an acc\nt ( an ev5t t nev] happ5$8' ,i %\ld l to meet ?is "q by ask+ ano!r4 ,has ! /ory ( ! ri* man & ,laz>us any value z an illu/ration ( ,god's me?od ( deal+ ) m58 ,und\bt$ly x has4 ,n[ :at sort ( n>rative is ?is8 ,n a n>rative ( ev5ts t actually happ5$1 9 ! s5se t !re 0 a p>ticul> begg> to :om our ,"l 0 ref]r+4 ,! n>rative is a repres5tative n>rative#dh1 a n>rative ( :at is con/antly occurr+ "u ! =m ( a p>ticul> typical incid5t4 ,n[ ! n>rative ( ! flood belongs to a q diff]5t class ( lit]ature1 inasmu* z x is n due to any delib]ate action ( imag9ation2 b x resembles our ,"l's /ory at lea/ 9 be+ repres5tative4 ,x is no d\bt bas$ on fact4 ,! traditions ( ! flood 9 all races mu/ run back to a real occurr5ce4 ,b ! actual occurr5ce _c be exactly e/imat$4 ,:at we h 9 ,g5esis is a tradition us$ z a vehicle = spiritual tea*+4 ,z ! /ory is told x becomes1 l t ( ,dives & ,laz>us1 a typical n>rative ( :at is aga9 & aga9 happ5+4 ,aga9 & aga91 z 9 ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem1 or 9 ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 ,god's judgm5ts come on m5 = _! s93 aga9 & aga9 tea*]s ( righte\sness are s5t to w>n ( com+ judgm5t & are ridicul$ by a _w :i* goes on buy+ & sell+1 m>ry+ & giv+ 9 m>riage1 till ! flood ( ,god's judgm5t breaks out & ov]:elms !m4 ,aga9 & aga91 ?r\gh ^! great judgm5ts !re em]ges a remnant1 a fai?ful /ock1 to be ! f\nta9 head ( a new & fre% developm5t4 ,! n>rative ( ! flood is a repres5tative n>rative1 & our ,"l1 :o us$ ! /ory ( ,dives & ,laz>us1 c use ?is too#di4 ,,vi4 ,pr(essor ,huxley's article allud$ to j n[ is a some:at melan*oly example ( a mode ( reason+ :i* "o _h hop$ _h vani%$ f 'educat$ circles' = ev]--t namely :i* reg>ds ,*ri/ianity z a 'religion ( a book' 9 su* s5se t x is suppos$ to propose = m5's acceptance a volume to be receiv$ 9 all its p>ts z on ! same level1 & 9 ! same s5se1 ,div9e4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,*ri/ianity is a religion ( a ,p]son4 ,x prop\nds = our acceptance ,jesus ,*ri/1 z ! reveal] ( ! ,fa!r4 ,! te/ "q ( ! ,*ur* to h] cate*um5s has nev] be53 ',do/ ?\ believe ! ,bible8' b ',do/ ?\ believe t ,jesus ,*ri/ is ! ,son ( ,god8' ,if we d believe t1 !n we %all fur!r believe 9 ! ,bible3 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z record+ h[ ,god prep>$ ! way = ,*ri/2 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z record+ h[ ,*ri/ liv$ & taught1 & conta9+ ! witness borne to ,him by ,8 e>?ly fri5ds & m9i/]s4 ,! ,bible ?us 'ought to be view$ z n a revelation itself1 b a record ( ! proclaim+ & receiv+ ( a revelation1 by a body :i* is /ill exi/5t1 & :i* prop\nds ! revelation to u1 namely ! body ( ,*ri/ians commonly call$ ! ,*ur*#ej4' ,! ,bible is ! record ( ! proclamation ( ! revelation1 n ! revelation itself4 ,! revelation is 9 ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/1 & ! :ole /ress !re=e ( evid5tial enquiry %\ld be laid ^u ! c5tral "q :e!r ! ,div9e claim made = ,jesus ,*ri/ by ! ,*ur* is hi/orically ju/ifi$4 ,! :ole evid5tial battle ( ,*ri/ianity mu/ ?us be f\ght out on ! field ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n ( ! ,old4 ,if ,*ri/ be ,god1 ! ,son ( ,god1 inc>nate1 z ! ,cre$s ass]t1 ,*ri/ianity is true4 ,no "o 9 t case w f9d any p]man5t difficulty 9 see+ t 9 a mo/ real s5se ! ,bible1 conta9+ bo? ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 is an 'inspir$ volume4' ,n[ fai? 9 ! ,godhead ( our ,"l is v f> f be+ a m]e matt] ( 'evid5ces4' ,on ?is en\gh is said by m ?an "o writ] 9 ?is volume#ea4 ,b s f> z 'hi/orical evid5ces' g1 we h !m 9 our g5]ation 9 q fre% =ce & p[]4 ,= our ,new ,te/am5t docum5ts h pass$ ?r\gh a critical sift+ & analysis ( ! mo/ tr5*ant & ?or\gh sort 9 ! fifty ye>s t lie beh9d u4 ,f su* sift+ we are le>n+ mu* ab\t ! process ?r\gh :i* !y took _! pres5t %ape4 ,b 9 all t is mat]ial we feel t ?is critical inve/igation has only reassur$ u 9 ass]t+ ! hi/orical tru? ( ! records on :i* our ,*ri/ian fai? re/s4 ,?is reassurance has be5 bo? z to ! sub/ance1 & z to ! quality ( ! orig9al apo/olic te/imony to ,*ri/4 ,z to its sub/ance1 because ! critical inve/igation ju/ifies u 9 ! confid5t ass]tion--m confid5t z ! inve/igation has be5 m ?or\gh ?an ev] be=e--t ! ,*ri/ ( our f\r ,gospels1 ! ,*ri/ ) ,8 ,div9e claim & miracul\s life-giv+ p[]1 ! ,*ri/ rais$ f ! dead ! ?ird day & glorifi$ at ,god's "r h&1 ! ,*ri/ :o is ! ,son ( ,god inc>nate1 is ! orig9al ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 z !y beheld ,him & bore witness :o _h be5 educat$ 9 close/ int]c\rse ) ,him4 ,we are reassur$ also z to ! quality ( ! apo/olic te/imony4 ,9 "s ages te/imony has be5 c>eless--s c>eless1 s cl\d$ ) sup]/ition & cr$ulity1 z to be practically valueless4 ,b 9 ! apo/les we h m5 :o knew ?or\ghly ! value ( te/imony & :at dep5d$ ^u x1 :o bore witness to :at !y _h se51 & 9 all cases1 save 9 ! exceptional case ( ,s4 ,paul1 to :at !y _h se5 ov] a prolong$ p]iod ( ye>s2 ^: conviction ab\t ,*ri/ _h be5 gradually =m$ 9 spite ( mu* 'sl[ness ( he>t1' & ev5 p]si/5t 'unbelief'2 =m$ also 9 ! face ( ,sadducean scepticism & 9 ! consci\sness ( :at w\ld be said aga9/ !m2 =m$ into su* irresi/ible /r5g? & unanimity by ! solid impress ( facts t no?+ c\ld %ake x1 ei!r 9 ! individual or 9 ! body4 ,su* te/imony does all = u t te/imony c d 9 su* a case4 ,x supports ext]nally & ju/ifies a traditional fai?1 :i* is comm5d$ to u at ! same "t int]nally by its self-evid5c+ p[]4 ,& ) t fai? z ! /r5g? ( our life we c await ) confid5ce ! issue ( m9or controv]sies4 ,x may be hop$ t ! discussion :i* ?is book has rais$ may d good 9 two ways4 ,x may enable p to put ! ,bible into its "r place 9 ! fabric ( _! ,*ri/ian belief4 ,x may help to make x pla9 t 9 ! full s5se ! ,*ri/ian's fai? is fai? only 9 a ,p]son1 & t ,p]son ,jesus ,*ri/3 t to ju/ify ?is fai? he ne$s f ! ,scriptures only ! witness ( "s ,new ,te/am5t docum5ts1 consid]$ z conta9+ hi/ory3 :ile 8 belief 9 ! ,bible z inspir$ is1 speak+ logically1 subsequ5t to 8 belief 9 ,*ri/1 & ev51 :5 we include ! ,new ,te/am5t1 subsequ5t to 8 belief 9 ! ,*ur*1 z ! ,body ( ,*ri/1 r ?an prior to x#eb4 ,!re is also ano!r good result to :i* we may hope to see ! pres5t controv]sy m9i/]--! draw+ ( a cle> l9e 9 reg>d to developm5t betwe5 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,new4 ,= all mod]n criticism goes to emphasize ! gradualness ( ! process ?r\gh :i*1 "u ! ,old ,cov5ant1 ,god prep>$ ! way = ,*ri/4 ,n[ all t c be br\ght to light 9 ?is s5se1 ! ,*ur* c await ) indiff]5ce f a !ological po9t ( view1 because x is ( ! ess5ce ( ! ,old ,te/am5t to be ! record ( a gradual self-disclosure ( ,god cont9u\s & progressive till ! inc>nation ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,x is1 on ! o!r h&1 ( ! ess5ce ( ! ,new ,te/am5t revelation t1 z giv5 9 ,*ri/ & proclaim$ by ,8 apo/les1 x is1 z f> z ?is _w is conc]n$1 9 its sub/ance1 f9al & adequate = all ages4 ,x is ?is1 because ( its ess5tial nature4 ,if ,*ri/ is '! ,^w made fle%1' ! ',son ( ,god made ,son ( ,man1' !n f9ality ess5tially belongs to ?is disclosure ( ,godhead & ?is exhibition ( manhood4 ',he t ha? se5 ,him ha? se5 ! ,fa!r1' & he t ha? se5 ,him ha? se5 p]fect man1 ha? se5 our manhood 9 its close/ conceivable relation to ,god1 at ! goal ( all possible spiritual & moral developm5t4 ,all our gr[? h5ce=? c only be a gr[? into '! measure ( ! /ature ( ,8 fulness'--a gr[? into ! und]/&+ & possession ( ,him :o 0 once manife/$4 ,f9ality is ( ! ess5ce ( ! ,new ,cov5ant1 z gradual communication ( tru? 0 ( ! ,old4 ,if ^! two results are obta9$1 we %all n be liable any m to be ask$ ':]e we are go+ to /op' 9 admitt+ hi/orical unc]ta9ty4 ',if y admit s mu* unc]ta9ty 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :y d y n admit ! same 9 ! ,new8' ,we %all n be liable to be ask$ ?is "q1 because x w be app>5t t ! />t+-po9t z ( enquiry1 s ( security1 lies 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t & !n proce$s to ext5d itself to ! ,old4 ,= u1 at lea/1 ! ,old ,te/am5t dep5ds ^u ! ,new1 n ! ,new ^u ! ,old4 ,nor %all we be liable any m to be ask$1 ',:y1 if y admit s mu* developm5t 9 actual sub/ance 9 ! tru? reveal$ "u ! ,old ,cov5ant1 _c y admit a simil> augm5tation "u ! ,new8' ,?is "q w be prev5t$1 because x w be app>5t t ! ess5tial conditions are diff]5t 9 ! two cases4 ,progress 9 ,*ri/ianity is always rev]sion to an orig9al & p]fect type1 n addition to x3 x is progress only 9 ! und]/&+ ( ! ,*ri/4 ',regnum tuum1 ,dom9e1 regnum omnium saeculorum2 et dom9atio tua 9 omni g5]atione et g5]ationem4' ,c4 ,g4 ,,pusey ,,h\se1 ,july1 #ahij4 ,! *ief *anges ( any importance 9 ?is edition are 7#a7 ! addition ( a note at ! end ( ! fir/ essay2 7#b7 ! alt]ation ( a few s5t5ces on pp4 #bhi1 #bif-g ( ,essay ,,vii2 7#c7 ! alt]ation ( note #b on p4 #cde & note #a on p4 #cdf 9 ,essay ,,viii2 7#d7 ! expansion on p4 #ceg1 #f ( ! op5+ s5t5ces2 7#e7 ! addition ( an app5dix on ,! ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s94 #c ,by ! phrase 'to attempt to put ! ,ca?olic fai? into its "r relation to mod]n intellectual & moral problems' 7,preface to ,fir/ ,edition7 x 0 n by any means int5d$ to sugge/ t ! mod]n problems or ! mod]n sci5ces 7 ! ?+s ( ! fir/ importance & ! fai? only second>y4 ,:at 0 int5d$ 0 t1 z hold+ ! ,fai?1 we ne$$1 z ! ,*ur* has (t5 ne$$1 to br+ t ) :i* we are ourselves id5tifi$1 into relation to ! claims1 intellectual & practical1 made ^u u f outside4 #d ,cf4 ,dr4 ,pusey1 ,univ]sity ,s]mons1 #ahfd-ahgi4 ',unsci5ce1 n sci5ce1 contr>y to fai?1' pp4 #ah ff4 #e ,cf4 ! hi/ory ( ! relations ( ! ,*ur* to ,ari/otelian philosophy3 ,milman1 ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity1 ed4 #d1 vol4 ix4 pp4 #aaj ff42 & lat] ! relations ( ,*ri/ianity to ! ,cop]nican a/ronomy3 ,salmon1 ,infallibility ( ! ,*ur*1 p4 #bcj4 #f ,see ! tribute to 8 memory by ,mr4 ,g4 ,j4 ,romanes3 ,gu>dian1 ,jan4 #bi1 #ahij4 #g ,f ,s4 ,b]n>d's mo/ t\*+ s]mon 79 ,cant4 #bf7 on ! dea? ( 8 bro!r ,g]>d4 #h ,see ,essay ,,vi4 pp4 #bbf-bbg1 #bej ff42 ,essay ,,viii4 pp4 #cbd-cbg2 & ,essay ,,ix4 pp4 #chd-cij4 #i ,see ,preface1 p4 ix4 note #a4 #aj ,cf4 ,dr4 ,we/cott's note on #a ,s4 ,john iii4 #d1 4 #aa ,cf4 ,f4 ,l5ormant1 ,les ,orig9es de l'hi/oire4 ,p>is1 #ahhj1 t4 #a1 p4 #aia4 ',c'e/ dans la race de ,qan que la ,bible place l'inv5tion des arts et des mti]s4 ,les fils du sicle sont plus habiles que les enfants de lumire4' #ab ,cf4 p4 #ecd4 #ac ,cf4 p4 #ece1 note #a4 #ad ,cf4 ,f4 ,l5ormant1 ,les ,orig9es1 t4 #a1 pp4 #fc-ff4 ,x is a pleasure to ref] to ?is "w by a di/+ui%$ ,ca?olic & man ( le>n+4 ,! ,preface is an admirable discussion ( ! relation ( sci5tific enquiry to belief 9 ,inspiration4 #ae ,ox=d ,diocesan ,gazette1 ,july1 #ahij 7,p>k]1 ,ox=d71 p4 #ia4 #af ,! summ>y /atem5ts on pp4 #cea-b z to ! hi/orical "* ( ! ,old ,te/am5t repres5t1 ,i believe1 a 'cons]vative' attitude1 an attitude t[>ds ! hi/ory v unlike t1 = in/ance1 ( ,wellhaus54 #ag ,see ,ed4 ,riehm1 ,e9leitung 9 das ,a4 ,t4 7,halle1 #ahhi71 #ae-ah1 #bd1 #bg4 ,f4 ,e4 ,knig1 ,(f5b>ungsbegriff des ,a4 ,t4 7,leipzig1 #ahhb71 t4 #aa1 pp4 #cba ff4 ,cf4 also ,hauptprobleme d] ,altisr4-,religionsges*4 7,leipzig1 #ahhd74 ,f4 ,delitzs*1 ,g5esis1 ,cl>k's trans4 7,ed9b41 #ahhh71 i4 #ai-ch4 ,f4 ,l5ormant1 ,les ,orig9es1 ,prface4 ,i v5ture to ?9k t ^? :o want to /udy ! mod]n criticism ( ! ,old ,te/am5t w\ld be less likely to be prejudic$ aga9/ x if !y 7 to beg9 _! /udy ) ! assi/ance ( ,riehm & ,knig1 r ?an ( m rationali/ic s*ol>s4 ,i ought to add t :ile ! s*ol>s m5tion$ above agree sub/antially z to ! analysis ( ! ,p5tateu*1 !y diff] z to ! position assign$ to ! ,prie/ly ,code1 :i* ,dillmann & ,riehm hold to be prior to ,deut]onomy1 ,wellhaus51 ,knig & ,delitzs* subsequ5t to x4 #ah ,essay on ! place ( ,ecclesia/icus 9 ,semitic ,lit]ature4 ,ox=d3 ,cl>5don ,press1 #ahij1 pp4 #bj1 #ba4 ,i allude to ?is essay because x has excit$ consid]able int]e/1 b x has n receiv$ fav\rable notice f critics ei!r ,engli% or ,g]man4 ,= a review by a v compet5t critic1 see ,pr(4 ,nldeke 9 ! ,lit4 ,c5tralblatt1 ,july #ab1 #ahij4 #ai ,i may say t ! motive = :at is said ab\t ,ps4 cx on p4 #cei 0 simply ! conviction t our ,"l 9 ! passage !re 9 "q _c fairly be tak5 z giv+ in/ruction on a critical "q ( au?or%ip1 n ! difficulty ( assign+ ! p>ticul> ,psalm to ! age ( ,david4 ,! solution :i* ,i propose1 p4 #cei1 z to our ,"l's words is h[ev] only "o ( sev]al :i* are possible ev5 = ^? :o agree ) me 9 ! conviction express$ above4 ,see1 = in/ance1 ,ed]%eim1 ,life & ,times ( ,jesus ! ,messiah 7,london1 #ahhd71 ii4 p4 #djf1 & ,bp4 ,?irlwall z quot$ 9 ,dean ,p][ne's ,comm5t>y on ! ,psalms 7,london #ahga71 ii4 pp4 #cjb ff4 #bj ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ,qu/4 #gc 9 ,exod43 ',quamquam et 9 vet]e ,te/am5to novum lateat1 et 9 novo vetus pateat4' ,quot$ by ,dr4 ,liddon1 ,! wor? ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 p4 #bh4 #ba ,cf4 ,didymus 9 ,psalm4 xxi4 #ai1 :]e he int]prets ,*ri/'s 'seamless robe1' ( ! ,holy ,scriptures :i* !y '"p' :o accept "o & reject ano!r4 ',?is robe ( ,jesus is also indivisible1 = x is seamless4 ,its unity is n en=c$ b natural 2 x is 'f above' f ! top1 ,a4,v4 because x is inspir$2 x is 'wov5 ?r\gh\t1' because 9 its :ole =ce x is f above4' #bb ,s4 ,matt4 v4 #ag-dh1 cf4 xix4 #h3 ',moses1 because ( ! h>dness ( y\r he>ts1' etc4 #bc ,aft] ,s4 ,paul1 ,s4 ,augu/9e is ! great expon5t ( ?is pr9ciple 9 e>ly days2 see esp4 de spiritu et litt]a1 xix4 7#cd73 ,lex ergo data e/ ut gratia qua]]etur3 gratia data e/ ut lex impl]etur4 #bd ,see esp4 ,heb4 ix4 #h1 ',! ,holy ,_s ?is signify+2' & cf4 ,dr4 ,we/cott on ?is ,epi/le1 pp4 #bcc ff4 #be ,i w\ld v5ture to recomm5d ,riehm's ,messianic ,prophecy 7,cl>k's trans471 z a summ>y acc\nt ( prophecy bo? rev]5t & critical4 #bf ,cf4 ,hook]'s acc\nt ( our gr\nds = believ+ t ',scripture 444 is div9e & sacr$4' ',by exp]i5ce1' he says1 'we all "k1 t ! fir/ outw>d motive lead+ m5 s to e/eem ( ! ,scripture is ! au?ority ( ,god's ,*ur*4444 ,aft]w>ds ! m we be/[ our lab\r 9 read+ or he>+ ! my/]ies !re(1 ! m we f9d t ! ?+ itself do? answ] our receiv$ op9ion conc]n+ x4' ,lat] aga91 z aga9/ 'infidels or a!i/s1' we mu/ 'ma9ta9 ! au?ority ( ! books ( ,god 444 by su* k9d ( pro(s 444 t no man liv+ %all be able to d5y x1 )\t d5y+ "s app>5t pr9ciple su* z all m5 ackn[l$ge to be true4' ,e4 ,p4 ,,iii4 viii4 #ad4 #bg ,! ,*ronicles & ! lat] hi/orical books1 z is well kn[n1 7 includ$ 9 ! ?ird class ( ',hagiographa' ) ! ,psalmi/s & ,morali/s4 ,! tru? ( ?is p>agraph dep5ds ^u 7#a7 ! "*1 7#b7 ! ext5t ( ! idealism ( ,old ,te/am5t facts4 ,on ?is some?+ m is said lat] on4 ,"h ,i am only conc]n$ to di/+ui% an idealism :i* truly int]prets facts1 ev5 if x ?r[s _! spiritual mean+ into high relief1 f a m]ely imag9ative treatm5t :i* p]v]ts & di/orts !m4 ,?us if ! ,*ronicl] idealizes1 x is by emphasiz+1 beyond ! po9t ( actual fact1 ! prie/ly elem5t 9 ! hi/ory :i* at ! same "t did bo? really exi/ & really repres5t ! div9e purpose4 #bh ,de ,ge/is ,pelag4 v4 7#ae71 ',sicut vet]i ,te/am5to si esse ex ,deo bono et summo negetur1 ita et novo fit injuria si vet]i aequetur4' ,s4 ,augu/9e does n p]haps c>ry out ! recognition ( ?is pr9ciple z fully z "s o!r ( ! ,fa!rs3 = refs4 see pp4 #bbi ff4 #bi ,s4 ,matt4 xix4 #h4 #cj ,see pp4 #cbi ff4 #ca ,religion ( ! ,semites4 ,ed9burgh1 #ahhi1 p4 #d4 #cb p4 #cbi1 note #b4 ,! passage "h add$ is f ,s4 ,*ryso/4 9 ,matt4 vi4 #c4 ,! same idea is disc]n$ by ,bp4 ,lightfoot 9 ,s4 ,paul2 see on ,gal4 iv4 #aa4 #cc ,i use ! ^w 'my?' = ^? primitive /ories on p4 #cef4 ,! legitimacy ( ?is use may be disput$1 see e4g4 ,riehm1 ,e9leitung1 p4 #cdb4 ,b ,i endeav\r to expla9 exactly ! s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is us$4 ,on ,/rauss's application ( ! my? !ory to ! ,gospel n>ratives1 ,i %\ld q ass5t to ! rem>ks ( ,dr4 ,mill1 ,my?ical ,int]pretation ( ! ,gospels 7,cambridge1 #ahfa71 pp4 #ig1 #ih4 #cd ,s4 ,john i4 #ad1 xix4 #ce1 xxi4 #bd2 #a ,s4 ,john i4 #a-c4 #ce ,s4 ,luke i4 #a-d4 #cf ,i w\ld call att5tion 9 ?is connection to ,dr4 ,salmon's rem>ks on ,s4 ,jude's use1 ev5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t canon1 ( ! traditions conta9$ 9 ! ,assumption ( ,moses1 & 8 quotation ( ! book ( ,eno*3 see at ! end ( 8 lecture on ,s4 ,jude's ,epi/le 9 ! ,introduction to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #cg ,cf4 ,riehm1 ,e9leitung1 i4 p4 #bdf3 ',das ,gesetzbu* kann ni*t er/ unt] ,josia ges*rieb5 se91 sond]n es muss spte/5s zur ,zeit des ,hiskia ent/&5 se91 und zw> bevor dies] ,knig se9e ,re=mation ganz dur*gefhrt hatte4' #ch ,a common feature 9 all traditions is :at ,wellhaus5 describes z ! ma9 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ronicl]1 '! timeless mann] ( look+ at ?+s :i* is natural to him4' ,he 'figures ! old ,hebrew p z 9 exact con=mity ) ! patt]n ( ! lat] ,jewi% community4' ,proleg4 to ,hi/4 ( ,israel 7,ed9burgh1 #ahhe71 pp4 #aij-aic4 ,9 tradition :at is au?oritative t5ds to be repres5t$ z :at always has be5 au?oritative4 #ci ,?us ! ,pseudo-,isidorian ,decretals are prop]ly call$ =g]ies2 & ! evid5ce ( ?is w\ld lie 9 ! fact t ! au?or c\ld n h af=d$ to disclose ! me?od & circum/ances ( _! production4 #dj ,?us ,riehm1 ^: position is describ$ above on p4 xx1 has a noble section 7,e9leit4 pp4 #cdi ff47 on ! ,p5tateu* consid]$ z ! record ( a ,revelation4 ,! conviction ( ! revelation ( ,god is ascrib$ 9 "p to '! imm$iate impression :i* ! ,p5tateu* makes4 ,anyone :o reads x1 s z to all[ its cont5ts to "w ^u 8 _s1 mu/ receive ! impression t a consci\sness ( ,god1 su* z is "h express$1 _c be d]iv$ f fle% & blood4' #da ,de fide ,ca?olica4 ,! treatise is ascrib$ to ,boe?ius3 see ,boetii1 ,opuscula ,sacra 7,teubn] ,s]ies71 p4 #agh4 ,on ! fre% evid5ce ( ! au?or%ip ( ^? treatises suppli$ by ! ,anecdoton ,hold]i see ,hodgk9's ,lett]s ( ,cassiodorus1 ,london1 #ahhf1 pp4 #hj-a4 #db ,see ! acc\nt 9 ,mann+'s ,temporal ,mission ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,london1 #ahgg1 pp4 #aef-afj1 & p4 #aff4 ,cf4 also ,newman's words bel[1 p4 #cej4 #dc pp4 #cei-fj4 #dd ,no?+--except1 on ! cu/om>y int]pretation1 ,8 ref]5ce to ,psalm cx4 ,?is does seem to lay /ress on ,david's au?or%ip1 unless x be reg>d$1 z x c]ta9ly seems to me fair to reg>d x1 z a "q1 r ?an z positive in/ruction at all--a "q simply calculat$ to lead ! ,ph>isees to exam9e _! own pr9ciples4 ,unless x be s int]pret$ x does seem to dep5d1 z an argum5t1 on p]sonal au?or%ip1 because unless x be by ,david1 x seems v difficult to suppose x writt5 9 ,david's p]son4 ,x w\ld naturally be a ,psalm 9 :i* ! ,k+ is address$4 #de ,s4 ,john v4 #df-dg4 #df ,s4 ,luke i4 #ag2 ,s4 ,matt4 xi4 #ad2 xvii4 #ab4 #dg ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,july1 #ahij1 p4 #bj4 ,! bulk ( 8 argum5t is direct$ aga9/ a position diff]5t f m9e4 ,"h ,i am only conc]n$ ) a s+le po9t4 #dh ,! prop] "n ',laz>us' is presumably us$ because ( its mean+4 ,x %\ld be notic$ t ! /ory is n a p>able prop] l t ( ! ,s[] or ! ,prodigal ,son4 #di ,x may be rem>k$ t to reg>d '! flood' z a repres5tative or typical expression ( a :ole class ( div9e judgm5ts1 helps u 9 int]pret+ ,s4 ,pet]'s use ( x 9 #a ,pet] iii4 #ai-bj4 ,!re is no reason = an exceptional treatm5t ( ^? :o p]i%$ 9 "o p>ticul> flood1 b !re is e reason :y '! ,gospel %\ld h be5 prea*$ to ^? :o di$' "u ,god's physical judgm5ts ( old times1 suppos+ ^!1 z we mu/ suppose !m1 n to repres5t ,god's f9al moral judgm5t on individuals3 see #a ,pet] iv4 #f4 #ej ,^! words are ,bi%op ,/e]e's3 see ! ,memoir ( him by ,r4 ,m4 ,heanley1 ,london1 #ahhh1 p4 #djd4 ,he admirably *>act]izes ! true function ( ! ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,x is 7#a7 a crit]ion1 n a tea*]2 7#b7 a record ( ! proclamation ( ! revelation1 n ! revelation itself4 #ea ,see pp4 #bi ff41 #bbi ff41 #ccg ff4 #eb ,cp4 pp4 #cch-cda1 :]e ?is is expla9$4 ,! 'logical' ord] ( belief is (t5 no d\bt n ! ord] ( exp]i5ce4 ,! ,bible c draw m5 to itself1 & ?r\gh itself to ,*ri/1 be=e !y take any he$ ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b to feel ! p[] ( inspiration is a diff]5t ?+ f hav+ reason$ gr\nds = call+ c]ta9 books inspir$4 ,,synopsis ,,( ,,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,,fai?4 ,,page ,i4 ,fai?2 its situation2 its behavi\r2 *all5g$ by novel exp]i5ces2 al>m$ at its own p]plexity #c-e ,yet :y al>m$8 #e ,p]plexity consi/5t ) fai?1 :5 fai? is /ripp$ ( its habitual corroborations f )\t3 & summon$ to submit itself to int]nal obs]vation #e-h ,= fai? is an elem5tal act ( p]sonal self3 &1 !re=e1 l all su* acts1 e4g4 ( ?\ght2 w2 love2 is1 necess>ily1 incapable ( (f]+ itself = sci5tific exam9ation #h-aa ,,ii4 ,:at is fai?8 #aa-ab ,! motion 9 u ( our son%ip 9 ! ,fa!r2 ! consci\s recognition1 & realization1 ( our inh]5t filial adhesion to ,god #ac-ae ,?is intimacy ( relation%ip is capable ( indef9ite gr[?1 ( 'sup]natural' developm5t #ae ,! hi/ory ( fai? is ! gradual discov]y ( ?is increas+ intimacy #af-ah ,! dem& = fai? is 7a7 univ]sal1 = all are sons2 7b7 urg5t1 z appeal+ to a vital fact2 7c7 tol]ant1 z repos+ on exi/5t fact #ah-ba ,,iii4 ,fai?1 an act ( basal p]sonality1 at ! root ( all outfl[+ activities2 is pres5t1 z animat+ =ce1 )9 all natural faculties4 ,:5 summon$ out1 into positive or direct action on its own acc\nt ,religion1 i4e4 ! em]g5ce1 into op5 manife/ation1 ( ,fa!rhood & son%ip1 :i* lie hidd5 )9 all secul> life #ba-bh ,fai?1 an en]gy ( basal self1 us+1 z in/rum5ts & mat]ial1 ! sum ( faculties2 !re=e1 ea* faculty1 sep>ately1 c give b a p>tial v9dication ( an integral act ( fai? #bh-bi ,?is applies to ,reason2 comp>e its relation to acts ( affection1 imag9ation1 *ivalry2 all su* acts are acts ( ,v5ture1 us+ evid5ce ( reason 9 ord] to g beyond evid5ce #cj-cd ,s fai? makes use ( all k1 b is1 itself1 its own motive4 ,x uses1 z its in/rum5t1 e /age ( sci5ce2 b is pl$g$ to no "o p>ticul> /age #cd-ch ,,iv4 ,fai?1 simple adhesion ( s\l to ,god2 yet1 once begun1 x has a hi/ory ( its own2 long1 complicat$1 record$ 9 ,bible1 /or$ up 9 ,cre$s #ch-da ,?is involves difficulties1 intricacies1 ef=ts2 all ?is1 ! necess>y consequ5ce ( our be+ born 9 ! 'la/ days' #da-de ,yet to ! end1 fai? rema9s an act ( p]sonal & spiritual adhesion #de-df ,v4 ,fai?1 n only cov]s a long pa/1 b anticipates ! future2 x pl$ges itself ahead1 e4g4 9 ! case ( 'ord9ation v[s4' ,su* pl$ges ju/ifi$1 because ! act ( fai? is p]sonal2 & ! object ( fai? is f9al1 i4e4 ',*ri/1 ! same ye/]day1 to-day1 & = ev]' #df-ed ,,ii4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,god4 ,i4 ,object ( ! essay & attitude assum$ #eg-ei ,,ii4 ,a broad contra/ betwe5 ! ,god ( ,philosophy & ! ,god ( religion #ei-fj ,attempts to get rid ( ! opposition 7#a7 by division ( t]ritory2 7#b7 by confusion ( t]ms #fj-fc ,,iii4 ,religion dem&s t ,god %all be ,p]sonal1 & /& 9 a moral relation%ip ) man #fc-fe ,,iv4 ,gr[? & purification ( ! religi\s conception ( ,god #fe-fh ,v4 ,religion & ,morals4 ,collision betwe5 ! two 9 ,greece1 & its consequ5ces4 ,syn!sis ( religion & morality among ! ,jews3 & 9 ,*ri/ianity #fh-gh ,subsequ5t collisions betwe5 religion & morals )9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,! ,re=mation a moral prote/4 ,immorality ( its lat] developm5ts4 ,mod]n prote/ aga9/ ^! #gh-hb ,,vi4 ,religion & ,reason4 ,prote/ ( ,greek ,philosophy aga9/ ,poly!ism4 ,*ri/ian ,!ology ! meet+-po9t ( ,jewi% religion & ,greek ,philosophy #hb-hf ,:at ,!ology is4 ,objection to x f ! side ( 7#a7 religion1 7#b7 philosophy #hf-ij ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity an appeal to ! reason #ij-ia ,its answ] to ! speculative problems ( ,greek ?\ght 7#a7 z to :at unity is2 7#b7 z to ! imman5ce ( reason 9 nature #ia-ie ,! witness ( ! ,fa!rs #ie ,! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity ! true ,mono!ism2 ! doctr9e ( ! ,logos z p]sonal yet imman5t #ie-if ,,vii4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god :y *all5g$ 9 ! pres5t day #if ,! deism ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,! new sci5ce ( nature4 ,evolution re/ores ! tru? ( ! ,div9e imman5ce :i* deism d5i$4 ,pan!i/ic reaction #if-ajb ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god ! safegu>d ( rational religion aga9/ deism & pan!ism #ajb-ajc ,,viii4 ,! s-call$ 'pro(s' ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god #ajc-ajd ,p>allel betwe5 ! belief 9 ,god & ! belief 9 nature #ajd-ajg ,v]ification 9 exp]i5ce ! only 'pro(4' ,reason 9 bo? ! int]pret] ( ,fai? #ajg-aji ,,iii4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,pa94 ,! problem ( pa9 admits ( no new treatm5t1 b ! attempt to use x z an argum5t aga9/ ,*ri/ianity calls = a recapitulation ( :at may be said on ! o!r side #aac ,pa9 is 7#a7 animal1 7#b7 human4 7#a7 ,animal pa9 is a ?+ ( :i* we c only =m imag9ative conjectures2 & ^!1 besides be+ liable to exagg]ation1 are n ( a nature to =m premisses = argum5t #aac-aaf 7#b7 ,common s5se tells u t human pa9 contributes z 7a7 punitive1 7b7 purgatorial1 7c7 prophylactic1 to ! developm5t ( ! individual & ! race #aaf-aai ,natural religion fur!r views x z ! necess>y condition ( approa*1 by s9ful be+s1 to ! ,div9e2 & looks = its full] explanation to a future exi/5ce #aai-abb ,*ri/ianity c>ries on ! view ( natural religion1 & sees 9 pa9 & suff]+3-- 7a7 ,! antidote to s9 #abb-abd 7b7 ,! means ( individual & social progress #abd-abe 7c7 ,! s\rce ( sympa?y ) man #abe 7d7 ,! secret ( union ) ,god #abe-abf ,,iv4 ,,prep>ation ,,9 ,,hi/ory ,,= ,,*ri/4 ,g5]al consid]ations on ! /udy ( ! hi/orical prep>ation1 z "p ( ! /udy ( ! ,inc>nation #abi-acc ,special value ( su* /udy 9 ! pres5t age ( hi/orical & sci5tific me?od :i* may be able to gauge f9ally ! value ( naturali/ !ories ( ! orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity #acc-acd may f9d its own cong5ial 'signs' 9 ! beauty ( manifold prep>+ process2 9 ! wond] ( an app>5tly unique conv]g5ce ( l9es ( prep>ation #acd-acg ,i4 ,g5]al prep>ation--9 ! _w at l>ge3 7#a7 ,9 ! %ap+ ( its ext]nal ord] #ach-adb 7#b7 ,?r\gh its inw>d exp]i5ces ( ,failure #adb-adf ,progress #adf-aej ,,ii4 ,special prep>ation--9 ,israel3 7#a7 ,! s+ul>ity ( ,israel's ext]nal position at ! critical mom5t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,era #aej-aef 7#b7 ,! p>adox ( its inw>d "* #aef-aei 7#c7 ,! peculi> influ5ces :i* _h made x :at x 03 #aei-afj a4 ,prophecy #afj-afg b4 ,! ,law #afg-afi c4 ,! ,c\rse ( its ,hi/ory #agj-age ,,iii4 ,! indep5d5ce ( ! two prep>ations2 ! p>adox ( _! fulfilm5t 9 "o ,*ri/ #age-agh ,v4 ,,! ,,inc>nation ,,& ,,developm5t4 ,i4 ,! !ory ( evolution has recall$ our m9ds to ! 'cosmical significance' ( ! ,inc>nation1 :i* 0 a prom95t ?\ght 9 7#a7 ! e>ly 7#b7 m$iaeval *ur* #aha-ahg ,,ii4 ,!ology & ,sci5ce move 9 diff]5t b p>allel planes3 "o gives ! mean+1 ! o!r ! me?od ( creation #ahg-ahh ,?us ! doctr9e ( '! ,et]nal ,^w' is compatible ) all ! v]ifi$ results ( sci5tific tea*+ on 7#a7 en]gy #ahh 7#b7 teleology #ahh-aic 7#c7 orig9 & antiquity ( man #aic-aie 7#d7 m5tal & moral evolution #aie-aii 7#e7 ! relation ( philosophy to ,!ology #aii-bjb 7#f7 ! comp>ative /udy ( religions #bjb-bje :ile 9 ! ,*ri/ian view1 x bo? illum9ates & is illum9at$ by ^? results #bje-bjf ,,iii4 ,b :5 ! planes int]sect1 & we say '! ,^w 0 made fle%1' we are said to trav]se exp]i5ce #bjg 7#a7 ,?is *>ge is only a critical presumption #bjg-bjh 7#b7 ,all novelties trav]se pa/ exp]i5ce #bjh 7#c7 ,moral exp]i5ce is z real z physical #bjh-bji 7#d7 ,! ,inc>nation h>monizes ) our moral exp]i5ce #bji-baj 7#e7 ,by reorganiz+ morality x reori5tates "* #baa 7#f7 ,x has !re=e a true relation to all phases ( human life #baa-bad ,,vi4 ,,! ,,inc>nation ,,z ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,dogma4 ,i4 ,! pr9ciple ( ,dogma is n to be attack$ or def5d$ on priori gr\nds4 ,! real "q is :e!r ! ,inc>nation1 z ass]t$1 is true or false4 ,& ?is is a "q = evid5ce #bag-bbj ,ev5 sci5tific 'dogmata' diff] less f religi\s dogmas ?an is sometimes suppos$1 9 t 7a7 bo? are receiv$ on evid5ce1 7b7 bo? require an exp]im5tal v]ification1 or 79 s f> z ei!r are /ill held along ) error7 correction #bbj-bbd ,! acceptance ( dogmatic tru? is ess5tially reasonable4 ,its claims to 7a7 au?ority1 7b7 f9ality1 are n ! gr\nd = accept+ x1 b a necess>y outcome ( ! facts accept$ 9 x #bbd-bbi ,,ii4 ,! evid5ce = ! ,inc>nation is z _m-sid$ z human life #bbi-bcc ,b prim>ily hi/orical4 ,! crucial fact is ! ,resurrection #bcc-bcf ,ev]y?+ is involv$ 9 ! answ] to ',:at ?9k ye ( ,*ri/8' #bcf-bch ,x is an error to ?9k ( ! belief ( ! ,*ur* z an edifice built up 9 ! age ( ! ,c\ncils #bch-bci ,! decisions ( ! ,c\ncils repres5t only a gr[? 9 intellectual precision ?r\gh exp]i5ce ( error #bci-bde ,! cre$ 9 its :ole sub/ance is ! direct outcome ( ! fact ( ! ,inc>nation #bde-bej ,,iii4 ,! dogmatic cre$ is to be di/+ui%$ f ! body ( !ological lit]ature :i* comm5ts ^u x #bej ,!ological comm5t is v>iable3 x may err1 x may develop4 ,h]e9 lie mo/ ( ! disputes ( te*nical1 & ! advances ( popul>1 !ology #bej-bee ,ev5 ! cre$s are human on ! side ( _! language #bee-beh ,,iv4 ,! 'damnatory clauses1' ?\gh easily misund]/ood1 really mean :at is bo? true1 & necess>y #beh-bfj ,*ri/ian dogmatism is aft] all devotion to tru?1 = tru?'s sake #bfj-bfa ,v4 ,! mod]n read+ ( ! ,scriptures )\t miracle & ! ,*ri/ )\t ,godhead dep5ds = its ju/ification ^u ! tru? ( an hypo!sis #bfb-bff ,b ?is hypo!sis expla9s away1 in/ead ( expla9+1 ! evid5ce2 :ile x is itself incapable ( pro( #bff-bgj ,hi/orical reality is ess5tial to ! tru? ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,m]e spiritualism ends 9 unreality #bgj-bgb ,,vii4 ,,! ,,atonem5t4 ,i4 ,s9 & sacrifice 9 relation to ! ,atonem5t #bge-bgf #a4 ,tw(old "* ( s93-- 7a7 ,a /ate ( ali5ation f ,god #bgf-bgg 7b7 ,a /ate ( guilt #bgg-bgi #b4 ,tw(old "* ( sacrifice3-- 7a7 ,! expression ( man's orig9al relation to ,god #bgi-bhj 7b7 ,! expiation ( s91 & propitiation ( wra? #bhj-bha ,bo? aspects %ewn 9 ! c]emonies ( ! ,mosaic ,law #bha-bhb #c4 ,inadequacy ( man's (f]+s to satisfy s5se ( p]sonal guilt #bhb-bhe ,,ii4 ,! dea? ( ,*ri/ answ]s to ! dem&s ( ! s5se ( s9 & ( ! desire = =giv5ess #bhe #a4 ,*ri/'s dea? a sacrifice ( propitiation3-- 7a7 ,( ! wra? ( ,god1 :i* is-- 7#a7 ,! ho/ility ( ,div9e ,nature to s9 #bhe-bhg 7#b7 ,! expression ( ! et]nal law ( righte\sness #bhh 7b7 ,by virtue-- 7#a7 ,( ! ob$i5ce manife/$ by ,him #bhi-bij 7#b7 ,( ,8 recognition ( ! ,div9e ju/ice #bij 7#c7 ,( ,8 dea? z ! necess>y =m ( bo? #bij-bib ,! propitiatory "* ( ,8 dea? %ewn-- 7i47 ,by ! g5]al relation betwe5 physical & spiritual dea? #bib-bic 7ii47 ,because ( ! nature ( ,him :o endur$ x #bic-bid 7iii47 ,because ( ! results fl[+ f x #bid 7c7 ,on behalf ( m51 = ,he is our ,repres5tative-- 7#a7 ,z ,victim1 by ,8 p]fect humanity our s9be>] #bid-big 7#b7 ,z ,prie/1 able to (f] :at man c\ld n #big-bih ,! true vic>i\sness ( ,8 ,prie/hood #bih #b4 ,*ri/'s dea? ! s\rce ( life #bih-bii 7a7 ,z deliv]+ u f s9 #bii 7b7 ,z be/[+ new life #bii 7c7 ,z unit+ u to ,god #bii ,b only z connect$ ) & issu+ 9 ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion #cjj-cja #c4 ,*ri/'s dea? 9 relation to man's responsibility #cja 7a7 ,! ,atonem5t1 be+ =giv5ess1 mu/ remit "s ( ! consequ5ces ( s9 #cja-cjb 7b7 ,b our my/ical union ) ,*ri/ ensures our %>e 9 ! sacrifice #cjb-cjc 7#a7 ,n 9 its propitiation1 :i* we c only plead #cjc-cjd 7#b7 ,b by fai? :i* accepts x & recognises its ju/ice #cjd-cje 7#c7 ,& by foll[+ ,him 9 ob$i5ce ?r\gh suff]+ #cje-cjg ,,iii4 ,consid]ation ( c]ta9 errone\s /atem5ts ( ! doctr9e #cjg #a4 ,! impli$ div]g5ce ( ,w 9 ! ,godhead #cjg-cjh #b4 ,! view ( ,r$emption z wr\ght = u1 n 9 u #cjh #c4 ,! view t ,*ri/ r$eem$ u by tak+ our puni%m5t in/ead ( u #cji 7#a7 ,! ess5tial puni%m5t ( ali5ation ,he c\ld n be> #cji 7#b7 ,! p5al suff]+s :i* ,he bore are n remitt$ to u #cji 7#c7 ,b ,he bore !m t we1 l ,him1 may be> !m sacrificially1 n z puni%m5t #cji-caj ,,iv4 ,%ort summ>y4 #a4 ,! dea? ( ,*ri/ z propitiatory te/$ by #b4 ,8 dea? z trans=m+ pa9 & dea? exp]i5ce #caj-cab ,,viii4 ,,! ,,holy ,,_s ,,& ,,inspiration4 ,*ri/ianity is an exp]i5c$ or manife/$ life3 because its ess5ce is ! possession ( ! ,_s1 & ! ,_s is ,life #cae-cag ,i4 ,! ,holy ,_s ! life-giv]3-- ,9 nature #cag-cah ,9 man #cah-cai ,9 ! gradual recov]y ( man f s9 #cai-cbj ,9 ,*ri/ #cbj-cba ,9 ! ,*ur* #cba-cbb ,8 "w 9 ! ,*ur*3-- #a4 ,social or ecclesia/ical #cbb-cbc #b4 ,n\ri%+ individuality3 bo? ( "* ?r\gh ! ,sacram5ts1 & ( judgm5t ?r\gh au?ority #cbc-cbg #c4 ,consecrat+ ! :ole ( nature1 mat]ial z well z spiritual #cbg-cbh #d4 ,by a gradual me?od #cbh ,imp]fection ( ! ,old ,te/am5t #cbh-cca ( ! ,*ur* #cca-ccb ,! ,holy ,_s p]sonally pres5t & cont9ually op]ative 9 ! ,*ur* #ccb-ccc ,,ii4 ,! ,!ology ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,real b limit$ k ?r\gh revelation #ccd-cce ,he is 7a7 di/9ct 9 ,p]son b v ,god1 7b7 proce$+ f ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 7c7 ,"o 9 ess5ce ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,son #ccd-cce ,! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity n ,tri!i/ic #cce-ccf ,,iii4 ,! ,inspiration ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,fatal results ( n keep+ ?is 9 context ) ! re/ ( ! ,holy ,_s's "w 9 ! ,*ur* #ccg-cdj #a4 ,x is an article ( ! ,fai?1 n among its bases #cdj-cda #b4 ,x is a necess>y article #cda #c4 ,its c]ta9 & prim>y mean+1 z se5 by exam9ation ( ! books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts #cda-cdh #d4 ,its practical mean+ & obligation #cdi-cea ,que/ions rais$ z to its mean+ by ,old ,te/am5t criticism3-- 7a7 ,:ile ! ,old ,te/am5t is1 l ! ,new ,te/am5t1 c]ta9ly & really hi/orical1 c x admit ( elem5ts ( idealism 9 ! n>rative8 #cea-ced 7b7 ,c x admit ( dramatic composition8 #ced-cef 7c7 ,c x admit ! pres5ce ( primitive my?s8 #cef-ceg ,! ,*ur* n prev5t$ f admitt+ ^! to be op5 que/ions ei!r3-- 7#a7 ,by any dogmatic def9itions ( inspiration #ceg-ceh 7#b7 ,by our ,"l's language z to ! ,old ,te/am5t #ceh-cfj ,we may expect ! criticism ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 l t ( ! ,new1 to deep5 & enl>ge1 n impair1 our rev]5ce = ! ',^w ( ,god' #cfj-cfb ,,ix4 ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* ! f9al satisfaction ( c]ta9 social in/9cts1 viz4 ! ne$ ( co-op]ation = life1 = k1 & = wor%ip #cfe ,^! in/9cts are3-- 7#a7 ,univ]sal #cfe-cfh 7#b7 ,embodi$ 9 ,judaism1 & comb9$ ) ! pr9ciple ( ,god's election ( "o p to be a s\rce ( bless+ to o!rs #cfh-cgj 7#c7 ,fulfill$ 9 ! ,inc>nation #cgj-cgb ,i4 ,! ,*ur* z ! c5tre ( spiritual life3 (f]s its bless+s1 )\t limitation1 to all :o are will+ to submit to spiritual discipl9e1 & comb9es !m 9 a bro!rhood ( common s]vice #cgb-cge ,h5ce x is1 ( necessity3-- 7#a7 ,a visible body #cge-cgg 7#b7 ,"o1 bo? 9 its spiritual life & 9 ext]nal organization4 ,?is unity impli$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & expla9$ 9 ! second c5tury1 z c5t]+ 9 ! ,episcopate4 ,! ,apo/olical ,succession is ?us ! pl$ge ( hi/oric cont9uity1 & has always be5 ! m>k ( ! ,engli% ,*ur*4 ,loyalty to ! ,*ur* is no n>r[+ ( true sympa?y #cgg-chd ,,ii4 ,! ,*ur* z ! ,tea*] ( ,tru?3 prim>ily by be>+ witness to tru?s reveal$ to x2 second>ily by int]pret+ ! relation ( ^! tru?s to ea* o!r #chd-chg ,h5ce3-- 7#a7 ,x witnesses to ! reality ( c5tral spiritual tru?s & tea*es !m au?oritatively to its memb]s #chg 7#b7 ,x tra9s its memb]s to a rational appreh5sion ( ^! tru?s #chg-chh 7#c7 ,x leaves great fre$om on po9ts n c5tral #chh-chi 7#d7 ,x protects ! tru?s !mselves f decay #chi-cij ,,iii4 ,! ,*ur* ! home ( wor%ip3 wor%ip ! ,godw>d expression ( its life3 its highe/ expression 9 ! ,eu*>i/3 its prie/ly "w e>n$ out f ! fir/ by a special class ( m9i/]s #cij-cic ,ea* aspect ( ! ,*ur*'s "w complet$ by ! co-op]ation ( ! ,bless$ ,dead #cid ,causes ( ! app>5t failure ( ! ,*ur* #cid-djj ,ne$ ( its witness & "w 9 mod]n times #djj-djb ,x4 ,,sacram5ts4 ,compreh5siv5ess a *>act]i/ic di/9ction ( fruitful & endur+ "w3 :i* w "h be trac$ 9 ! sacram5tal "w ( ! ,*ur*2 ) incid5tal ref]5ce to ! evid5tial import ( ! inn] coh]5ce ( ,*ri/ianity1 & its p]fect aptness = humanity #dje-djh ,i4 ,*ri/ianity claims to be a way ( life = m53 ^: nature & life involve two elem5ts2 :i* are usually di/+ui%$ z bodily & spiritual #djh-dji ,! di/9ction ( ^! two elem5ts real2 _! union ess5tial #dji-daa ,x is to be inquir$ :e!r ?is complexity ( man's nature is recognis$ & provid$ = 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ #daa ,,ii4 ,gr\nds = anticipat+ t x w\ld be s3-- 7#a7 ,9 ! v fact ( ! ,inc>nation2 & m p>ticul>ly #daa-dac 7#b7 ,9 ! "* ( ! prep>atory sy/em ^: =eca/s x met #dac-dad 7#c7 ,& 9 c]ta9 conspicu\s features ( ,*ri/'s m9i/ry #dad-dae ,! "w ( ,sacram5ts to be l9k$ ) ?is anticipation #dae ,,iii4 ,! prom95ce ( ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple 9 ,*ri/'s tea*+3 to be e/imat$ ) ref]5ce to ! previ\s convictions ( ^? :om ,he taught #dae-daf ,!re is ?us f\nd3-- 7#a7 ,abundant evid5ce t ! g5]al pr9ciple ( ,sacram5ts is accept$1 to be a *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ianity #daf-dag 7#b7 ,! au?oritative appo9tm5t ( p>ticul> expressions = ?is g5]al pr9ciple3-- ,expressions =e%[n 9 prep>atory hi/ory3 anticipat$ 9 prelim9>y disc\rses3 appo9t$ ) great solemnity & emphasis #dag-dah ,^! expressions su* z may be se5 to be intr9sically appropriate1 e?ically helpful & in/ructive1 & safegu>ds aga9/ individualism4 #dah-dbj 7#c7 ,an imm$iate recognition 9 ! ,apo/olic ,*ur* ( ! =ce ( ?is tea*+1 & ( ! necess>y prom95ce ( ,sacram5ts #dbj-dba ,,iv4 ,! correspond5ce betwe5 ! m9i/ry ( ,sacram5ts & ! complex nature ( man appe>s 9 ?ree ways3 s9ce3-- 7#a7 ,! dignity & ! spiritual capacity ( ! mat]ial ord] is ?us v9dicat$ & ma9ta9$3 s t unreal & negative spirituality is preclud$1 & provision is made = ! hall[+ ( /age aft] /age 9 a human life #dbb-dbf 7#b7 ,! claim ( ,*ri/ianity to p5etrate ! bodily life is kept 9 its due prom95ce by ! v nature ( ,sacram5ts3 ! r$emption ( ! body is =e%[n2 & p]haps begun #dbf-dbi 7#c7 ,! evid5ces ( my/]y 9 human nature1 its mom5ts ( une>?l9ess1 its immortal long+s1 its impati5ce ( f9ite satisfaction1 be+ recognis$ & acc\nt$ = by ! doctr9e ( ,grace are met by ,sacram5ts3 & l$ 9 an ord]$ progress t[>ds a p]fect end #dbi-dcc ,,xi4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,politics4 ,,introductory4--,! tw(old problem ( ,*ri/ianity 9 its relation to human society-- 7#a7 ,to consecrate2 7#b7 to purify #dcg-ddj ,i4 ,! ,*ur* is neutral z to natural diff]5ces1 e4g4 ! =m ( gov]nm5t1 autocratic or democratic lean+ #ddj-ddb ,,ii4 ,! ,*ur* supplem5ts ! moral influ5ce ( ! ,/ate1 9 respect (-- 7#a7 ,! appeal to high] motives #ddc-dde e4g4 z to ! duties (-- 7a7 ,gov]nors & gov]n$ #ddf-dea 7b7 ,own]s ( prop]ty #dea-deb 7#b7 ,! support ( ! weak aga9/ ! /rong #deb-dee 7#c7 ,! ma9t5ance ( religion #dee-dfa ,,iii4 ,! ,*ur* purifies ! :ole social life ( mank9d-- 7#a7 ,by spread+ ,*ri/ian ideas #dfa-dfb 7#b7 ,by ma9ta9+ ! ,*ri/ian type ( "* #dfb-dfc ,,conclusion4--,! ,*ur* appeals to deep] ne$s ?an ! ,/ate & is !re=e fundam5tally ,ca?olic1 & only incid5tally national #dfc-dfd ,,xii4 ,,*ri/ian ,,e?ics4 ,g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! ,*ri/ian e?ical sy/em #dfg-dfh ,dogmatic po/ulates3-- 7#a7 ,doctr9e ( ,god3 ,god a ,p]sonal & ,e?ical ,be+ #dfi-dgj 7#b7 ,doctr9e ( ,man3 8 ideal nature2 8 de/9y z relat$ to ! good ?r\gh consci5ce & fre$om2 8 pres5t condition #dgj-dgf 7#c7 ,doctr9e ( ,*ri/3 ,ca?olic view ( ,8 ,p]son #dgf ,i4 ,*ri/'s revelation ( ! ,highe/ ,good #dgf-dhj ,! ,k+dom ( ,god3 tw(old mean+ ( ! t]m #dgg-dgi ,*ri/ian view ( ! _w #dgi-dhj ,,ii4 ,! ,moral ,law2 its au?ority1 sanctions1 & cont5t #dhj-dhi ,! basis ( obligation f\nd 9 ! idea ( p]sonal relation%ip betwe5 ,god & ,man #dhj-dhb ,! sanctions1 & motives ( ,*ri/ian ,morality #dhb-dhd ,! ,law ( ,duty embrac$ 9 ! decalogue #dhd-dhi ,,iii4 ,*ri/ ! patt]n ( "* #dhi-ejd ,conditions requir$ 9 ! p]fect example #dij-dia ,*ri/ ! patt]n ( filial dep5d5ce1 ob$i5ce1 & love #dia-did ,virtu\s action se5 to imply a h>mony ( ! diff]5t elem5ts 9 p]sonality1 po/ulat+ a ?reefold virtu\s pr9ciple sup]naturally imp>t$ #did-dif ,*ri/ian "*3 ! ,*ri/ian p]sonality 9 its relation3-- 7#a7 ,to ,god--,*ri/ian ,wisdom #dig-dih 7#b7 ,to ,man--,*ri/ian ,ju/ice #dih-eja 7#c7 ,to ,self--,*ri/ian ,temp]ance #eja-ejb 7#d7 ,to ! h9drances ( environm5t--,*ri/ian ,=titude #ejb-ejc ,,iv4 ,*ri/ ! s\rce ( ! recreation ( "* #ejd-eab ,claim ( ,*ri/ianity to recreate "* #ejd-eje ,dogmatic tru?s impli$ 9 ! recreative process #eje-ejf ,hol9ess dep5d5t on a p]man5t relation to ,*ri/ #ejf ,! ,*ur* a s*ool ( "*1 & sph]e ( individual discipl9e #ejf-ejh ,*ri/ian ascetics--_! gr\nd 9 reason1 & effect on "* #eji-eab ,v4 ,! consummation ( ,god's k+dom #eab-eah ,! int]m$iate /age #eac ,! f9al /age ( glory3 7i7 ,! k+dom to be f9ally manife/$ #eac-ead 7ii7 & purifi$ ?r\gh judgm5t #ead ,ext5t & limits ( ! f9al triumph ( good #ead-eaf ,p]fection ( human p]sonality3 ! p]fect /ate "o ( h>mony #eaf-eag glory #eag bless$ness #eag & fell[%ip 9 a moral community #eag ,,vi4 ,conclusion3 relation ( ,*ri/ian ,e?ics to ! products ( civilization1 to individual "*1 to social life #eah-ebj ,,app5dix ,i4 ,,on ,,"s ,,aspects ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,duty #eba-ebe ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,,on ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,s9 #ebf-ech ,i4 ,,fai?4 ,,h5ry ,,scott ,,holl&4 ,i4 ,9 propos+ to consid] ! orig9 & gr[? ( fai?1 we h a practical1 & n a m]ely !oretical1 aim4 ,we are ?9k+ ( ! actual problems :i* are1 at ?is mom5t1 encompass+ & h9d]+ fai?3 & x is because ( _! urg5cy & _! pressure1 t we f9d x wor? :ile to g back ^u our e>lie/ beg9n+s1 9 ord] to ask :at ,fai? itself means4 ,= only ?r\gh an exam9ation ( its nature1 its orig91 & its /ructure1 w x be possible = u to sift ! que/ions :i* beset u1 & to di/+ui% ^? to :i* ,fai? is b\nd to give an answ] f ^? :i* x c af=d to let alone4 ,we set out !n on our que/1 9 ! m9d ( ^? :o h felt ! tr\ble t is 9 ! air4 ,ev5 if we ourselves be n ( _! numb]1 yet we all suff] f _! hesitation3 we all feel ! imp>t$ *ill ( _! anxieties4 ,= we are ( "o family3 & ! sickness1 or depression ( "s1 mu/ affect ! :ole body4 ,all ( u1 ev5 ! mo/ confid5t1 are int]e/$ 9 ! case ( ^? :o are fe>+ = !mselves1 z !y sadly se>* _! own he>ts1 & ask1 ',:at is x to believe8 ,d ,i "k :at x is to believe8 ,h ,i1 or h ,i n1 t :i* c be call$ fai?8 ,h[ c ,i be sure8 ,:at c ,i say ( myself8' ,su* que/ions z ^! are haunt+ & h>ass+ _m among u :o f9d !mselves fac+ ! ,ca?olic ,cre$1 ) its r+ ( undaunt$ assurance1 ) its unhesitat+ claim to unique & univ]sal supremacy1 & contra/ ) ?is _! own fa9t & t5tative appreh5sion ( ! /rong tru?s1 :i* are s confid5tly ass]t$4 ,su* m5 & wom5 are anxi\s & eag] to numb] !mselves among ^? t believe3 b c !y call ?is temp] 'belief1' :i* is s f> bel[ ! level ( ! g5u9e response :i* ^? ,cre$s obvi\sly expect8 ,:]e is ! bli!ness ( fai?8 ,:]e is its un%ak5 conviction8 ,:]e is its inv9cible simplicity8 ,:y is x t !y only succe$ 9 mov+ =w>d ) su* pa9ful indecision8 ,n[1 x is to ?is temp] t ?is essay is address$4 ,x does n aim at convict+ a ho/ile disbelief1 b at succ\r+ a di/ress$ fai?4 ,& ?is x does "u ! conviction t1 9 s do+1 x is respond+ to ! peculi> "* & ne$s ( ! situation4 ,= ! urg5cy1 ! p]il ( ! h\r1 lies1 n s mu* 9 ! novelty1 or =ce1 ( ! pressure t is br\ght to be> aga9/ fai?1 z 9 ! behavi\r ( fai? itself "u ! pressure4 ,:at has happ5$ is1 n t fai? has be5 conf\nd$1 b t x has be5 *all5g$4 ,x has be5 *all5g$ by new social ne$s1 by /range developm5ts ( civilisation1 by hung]s t x _h n yet tak5 into acc\nt1 by ?ir/s t x _h n prep>$ itself to satisfy4 ,x has be5 *all5g$ by new sci5tific me?ods1 :olly unlike its famili> intellectual equipm5t2 by new worlds ( facts op5$ to its a/oni%m5t ?r\gh discov]ies :i* h *ang$ ! entire look ( ! e>?2 by imm5se masses ( novel mat]ial1 :i* x has be5 sudd5ly & viol5tly requir$ to assimilate2 by /range fa%ions ( spee* 9 sci5ce & hi/ory2 by a babel ( 'unkn[n tongues' 9 all dep>tm5ts ( le>n+ & lit]ature4 ,fai? is "u ! pressure ( ?is *all5ge3 & ! prim>y "q is1 h[ w x behave8 ,:at is x go+ to say1 or d1 9 face ( ?is excit+ trans=mation :i* has pass$ ov] ! entire surface ( our intellectual sc5]y8 ,h[ w x deal ) ! situation8 ,w x prove itself adequate to ! crisis8 ,to :at ext5t c x af=d to submit to ! trans=m+ process :i* has already op]at$ ^u ! m9d & ! imag9ation8 ,if x submit1 c x survive8 ,& 9 :at condition8 ) :at loss1 or damage1 or *ange8 ,on e side ^! *all5ges rea* x2 !y beat at its doors2 !y arrive 9 pelt+ ha/e2 !y clam\r = imm$iate solutions4 ,n[ fai?1 "u ^! rapid & /ormy *all5ges1 is apt to fall into panic4 ,= ?is1 surely1 is ! v mean+ ( a panic--a fe> t fe$s ^u itself4 ,m5 9 a panic are fright5$ at f9d+ !mselves afraid4 ,s n[ ) fai?2 x is t]rifi$ at its own al>m4 ,h[ is x 7x asks itself7 t x %\ld f9d itself baffl$ & timor\s8 ,if fai? 7 fai?1 w\ld x ev] lose its confid5ce8 ,to be fright5$ is to confess itself false3 = fai? is confid5ce 9 ,god1 ,:o c nev] fail4 ,h[ c fai? all[ ( d\bt or hesitation8 ,surely = fai? to hesitate1 to be confus$1 is to d5y its v nature4 ,?us _m anxi\s & p]plex$ s\ls retreat be=e _! own p]plexities4 ,because _! fai? is tr\bl$1 !y di/ru/ & ab&on _! fai?4 ,! v fact t x is 9 di/ress becomes an argum5t aga9/ x4 ,x is at ?is po9t1 & because ( ?is p>ticul> p]il t we are urg5tly requir$ to consid] v s]i\sly ! nature & conditions ( fai?4 ,= our panic arises f our assumption t fai? is ( su* a nature1 t ! p]plexity1 into :i*1 n[ & aga91 we f9d ourselves ?r[n1 mu/ be impossible to x1 mu/ be incompatible ) x4 ,n[1 is ?is s8 ,ought we to expect ( fai? t its confid5ce %\ld nev] fail x--t its light %\ld be always decisive8 ,is fai? incrim9at$ by ! m]e fact t x is 9 difficulties8 ,let u1 fir/1 consid] :at has occurr$4 ,p]haps ! situation itself1 if we quietly review x1 w give a reason :y x is t1 j at ! mom5t :5 we mo/ ne$ vig\r & assurance1 we %\ld f9d ourselves /ripp$ ( all t t5ds to reassure4 ,= ! peculi>ity ( ! di/urbance :i* we h got to enc\nt] lies 9 ?is1 t x has remov$ f u ! v weapons by :i* we might hope to enc\nt] x4 ,fai?'s evid5tial mat]ial is all corroborative & accumulative2 x draws x f out ( an ext]nal _w1 :i* c nev] :olly ju/ify1 or acc\nt = ! int]nal reality1 yet :i* c s gr\p itself1 t f a hundr$ diff]+ l9es1 x (f]s indirect & p>5!tic & conv]g5t witness ( t :i* is1 itself1 beyond ! rea* ( ext]nal pro(4 ,x is ?is gradual gr\p+ ( an out] life into t assort$ p]spective 9 :i* x (f]s ! mo/ effective corroboration ( ! inn] tru?1 :i* fai? sl[ly accompli%es ^u ! matt] :i* human sci5ce pres5ts to x4 ,:5 once ! gr\p+ is a*iev$1 s t ! out] _w1 kn[n "u c]ta9 sci5tific pr9ciples1 tallies h>moni\sly ) its inn] convictions1 fai? feels secure4 ,! ext]nal life (f]s x pictures1 analogies1 metaphors--all e*o+ & repeat+ ! int]nal _w4 ,fai? beholds itself mirror$3 &1 s e*o$1 s mirror$1 x feels itself 9 possession ( corroborat+ evid5ces4 ,b ! pres5t sci5tific confusion seems to h %att]$ ! mirror--to h brok5 up ! p]spective--to h dissolv$ ! well-kn[n gr\p+s4 ,x is true1 z "s ( ! essays :i* foll[ w try to %[1 t ! convulsion ( :i* we speak1 lies1 *iefly1 9 a *ange ( position1 or ( level2 s t great masses ( ! matt]1 n[ ?r[n into confusion1 w be f\nd to compose !mselves afre%1 "u ! new] conditions ( review1 & w appe> aga9 z "p & p>cel ( ! sci5tific sc5]y4 ,x is a *ange ( p]spective m ?an any?+ else4 ,b1 no d\bt1 su* a *ange is j ( ! "* to upset u1 to di/urb u2 =1 dur+ ! *ange1 :ile %ift+ f ! old position to ! new1 we are 9 ! v *aos ( confusion2 ev]y?+ seems1 = ! mom5t1 to be tumbl+ ab\t ar\nd u3 ! entire sc5e gr[s un/eady2 ?\gh1 inde$1 :5 once we h got our feet firmly plac$ at ! new level ( vantage1 mu*1 t once 0 famili>1 is discov]$ to be back aga9 9 its place1 look+ mu* ! same z ( old4 ,x is ! fir/ %ock ( ?is en=c$ transition :i* is s calculat$ to t]rify3 z :51 = in/ance1 m5 see _! habitual reliance on ! evid5ce = design 9 nature1 :i* _h be5 inh]it$ f ,paley1 yield1 & vani%1 "u ! review ( ! facts ) :i* ! !ory ( evolution acqua9ts !m4 ,:at !y feel is1 t _! famili> mode ( int]pret+ _! fai?1 ( ju/ify+ x1 ( pictur+ x1 has abruptly be5 torn f !m4 ,t :i* once seem$ to evid5ce x 9 ! out] _w1 has ceas$ to be accept$ or tru/$4 ,! habitual ways ( argum5t1 ! accept$ assumptions1 :i* !y _h hi!rto us$ z _! supports & _! in/rum5ts--h be5 )drawn--h become obsolete4 ,fai? is ?r[n back on itself1 on its own inh]5t1 nak$ vitality2 x is robb$ = ! mom5t ( t s5se ( solidity & security1 :i* =tifies & refre%es x1 :5 ! out] _w ( natural facts1 & ! inn] _w ( intellect & fancy1 all corroborate its confid5ce 9 itself1 by h>moni\s atte/ations ( its validity4 ,! old _w ( ?+s _h be5 br\ght into ?is adaptation ) ! pr9ciples ( belief4 ,fai? 0 at home 9 x1 & look$ out ov] x ) *e]fulness1 & mov$ ab\t x ) fre$om4 ,b t old _w is gone2 & ! new /ill lies unte/$1 unsort$1 unv]ifi$1 unassimilat$1 unh&l$4 ,x looks =eign1 odd1 remote4 ,fai? f9ds no obvi\s corroborations 9 x3 !re1 :]e x us$ to feel buttress$ & w>m1 x n[ feels *illy & expos$#ec4 ,?is is ! fir/ consequ5ce1 & x is s]i\s en\gh 9 itself to provoke al>m4 ,fai? _c be at ease or confid5t1 until ! out] _w responds to its own convictions2 & yet ease & confid5ce are exactly :at x is *all5g$ to exhibit4 ,& !n1 :5 a man1 "u ?is s5se ( fe>1 depriv$ ( ext]nal te/imonies1 attempts to exhibit1 to evoke1 to exam9e1 8 inn] conviction1 9 its inh]5t & vital "*1 z x is 9 itself1 unsupport$ by adv5titi\s aids1 he is a/oni%$ at 8 own difficulty 9 discov]+ or disclos+ x4 ,:]e is x all fl$--t :i* he _h call$ 8 fai?8 ,he _h enjoy$ x1 _h reli$ on x1 _h aga9 & aga9 ass]t$ x 9 ^w & de$3 & n[1 :5 he wants to look at x1 :5 he is summon$ to produce x1 :5 he is *all5g$ to decl>e its =m & fa%ion2 he f9ds himself daz$1 bewild]$1 se>*+ helplessly = t :i* ev] escapes him1 grasp+ at a fleet+ %ad[1 :i* baffles 8 ef=ts to end[ x ) fixity & sub/ance4 ,&1 s f9d+1 he gr[s yet m desp]ately al>m$3 x seems to him t he has be5 self-deceiv$1 betray$1 ab&on$4 ,he is bitt]ly s5sitive to ! %>p contra/ betwe5 ! triumphant solidity ) :i* sci5tific facts be> d[n ^u him1 c]tifi$1 und5iable1 sub/antial1 & ! vague1 %ifty1 indi/9ct phantom1 into :i* 8 conviction vani%es z soon z he attempts to obs]ve x 9 itself1 or draw x out = public inspection4 ,yet1 if we consid] :at fai? signifies1 we %all see at once t ?is contra/ ought to c>ry ) x no al>m4 ,x is a contra/ :i* foll[s on ! v nature ( fai?4 ,if we _h und]/ood its nature1 we c\ld nev] h expect$ x to disclose itself "u ! same conditions z ^? :i* gov]n ! obs]vation ( sci5tific facts4 ,fai? is an elem5tal en]gy ( ! s\l1 & ! surprise t we are und]go+ at n be+ able to br+ x "u direct obs]vation1 is only an e*o ( ! famili> %ock ) :i* we le>n t sci5ce has ransack$ ! entire bodily fabric ( man1 & has n[h]e come across 8 s\l2 or has se>*$ ! heav5s ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) its telescope1 & has se5 no ,god4 ,we are upset = a mom5t :5 fir/ we he> ?is2 & !n1 we recov] ourselves z we recollect t1 if ,god be :at we believe ,him to be1 immat]ial & spiritual1 !n ,he w\ld cease to be ,himself1 if ,he 7 visible ?r\gh a telescope3 & t if ! _s ( man be :at we believe x to be1 t is ! v reason :y no surgeon's knife c ev] arrive at x4 ,&1 z ) ! s\l1 s ) all its inh]5t & ess5tial acts4 ,!y are :at x is3 !y c no m be visible ?an x c4 ,h[ c any ( ! basal intuitions1 on :i* our k re/s1 pres5t !mselves to our inspection 9 ! guise ( ext]nal & ph5om5al facts8 ,t :i* obs]ves c nev]1 /rictly speak+1 obs]ve itself4 ,x c nev] look on at itself f outside1 or view itself z "o among ! multitude ( ?+s t come "u its review4 ,h[ c x8 ,x is itself ! organ ( vision3 & ! eye _c see its own p[] ( see+4 ,?is is :y natural sci5ce1 :i* is an organis$ sy/em ( obs]vation1 f9ds t its own obs]v+ m9d is absolutely & totally outside its k54 ,x c take /ock ( ! physiological condition ( ?\ghts or ( feel+s2 b !y !mselves1 9 _! actual reality1 are all rigidly %ut out f ! entire area ( sci5tific rese>*4 ,:]ev] !y beg91 x ends2 its me?ods abruptly fail4 ,x possesses no in/rum5t by :i* to make good its advance fur!r4 ,= ! only in/rum5t :i* x kn[s h[ to use1 & by :i* alone x c se>*1 & exam9e1 is itself ! object :i* x desires to submit to exam9ation4 ,b if x is to be exam9$1 :o1 & :at1 is to conduct ! exam9ation8 ,! obs]v+ m9d t turns r\nd to explore itself1 c>ries itself r\nd z x turns4 ,x c nev] say--',let me look at myself1 z if ,i 7 a ph5om5on1 z a fact pres5t$ to my own consci\sness1' = x itself w\ld be engag$ 9 ! act ( look+3 x itself is ! consci\sness to :i* x proposes to pres5t itself#ed4 ,s aga91 ! ?\ght itself c nev] hope1 by rigid analys+1 to arrive at la/ at itself1 z ! f9al residue ( ! analysis1 = x is itself1 all along1 employ$ z analy/4 ,! process ( analysis is1 itself1 ! real disclosure ( :at ?\ght is3 & ?is disclosure is made j z effectively ev5 ?\gh ! result ( ! analysis be to decl>e t x c discov] no?+ t corresponds to ?\ght4 ,x is1 inde$1 impossible t any?+ %\ld s correspond1 except ! p[] to analyse2 b ?is p[] is ?\ght3 & e act ( ! analysis1 :i* issues 9 ! sceptical conclusion1 has v]ifi$ ! real exi/5ce ( ?\ght4 ,x is ! same ) all pr(\nd spiritual acts4 ,none ( !m c ev] be (f]$ to public inspection3 !y c nev] be h&$ across to ano!r1 = him to look at4 ,= !y are liv+ acts1 & n ext]nal results4 ,h[ c an act ( w1 or ( love1 be submitt$ to obs]vation8 ,its outw>d result is !re to be exam9$2 b x1 itself1 is incapable ( transportation4 ,if anyone 7 to ask ',:at is x y mean by ?9k+1 or lov+1 or will+8' :o c\ld tell him8 ,x w\ld be obvi\sly impossible to expla91 except to a be+ :o c\ld ?9k1 w1 & love4 ,y c\ld give him illu/rations ( :at y mean--signs--in/ances--evid5ces2 b !y c only be intelligible1 z evid5ces1 to "o :o already possesses ! faculties4 ,no "o c d a piece ( ?9k+ = ano!r1 & h& x ov] to him 9 a p>cel4 ,only by ?9k+1 c x be kn[n :at ?\ght is3 only by feel+ c x be und]/ood :at is meant by a feel+3 only by see+1 will+1 lov+1 c we h ! lea/ conception ( sight1 or ( w1 or ( love4 ,& fai? /&s ) ^! prim>y intuitions4 ,x is deep] & m elem5tal ?an !m all3 &1 !re=e1 /ill less ?an !y c x admit ( translation into o!r conditions ?an its own2--c /ill less submit itself to public obs]vation4 ,x c nev] be look$ at f )\t4 ,x c be kn[n only f )9 itself4 ,belief is only intelligible by believ+4 ,j z a man :o is ask$ to say :at love is1 ap>t f all its outw>d manife/ations & results1 mu/ be driv5 back on ! it]ation--',love is--:at love is3 ev]yone :o loves1 kn[s2 no "o :o does n love1 c ev] "k2' j z a man1 :o is *all5g$ to describe & def9e 8 feel+s or 8 desires1 :5 /ripp$ ( all ! outw>d evid5ces t !y c possibly give ( !mselves1 is ?r[n into in>ticulate bewild]m5t1 & c give no intelligible answ]1 & c fa%ion to himself no di/9ct feature or "*1 & c only ass]t1 confus$ly1 t he feels :at he feels1 & t to desire is to desire2--s ) fai?4 ,! sci5tific convulsion has %ak5 & confus$ its normal modes ( self-int]pretation1 its usual evid5ces1 signs1 illu/rations3 ^! out] aids at def9ition1 by metaphor or by corroboration1 are all br\ght "u dim eclipse = ! mom5t3 _! relative values h be5 ?r[n into unc]ta9ty3 !y are und]go+ tempor>y displacem5t1 & no "o is q sure :i* is be+ %ift$1 & :i* c be tru/$ to /& firm4 ,fai?1 robb$ ( its habitual aids to expression1 is summon$ to %[ itself on ! field1 9 its own inn] "*4 ,& ?is is j :at x nev] c or may d4 ,x c only reit]ate1 9 response to ! dem& = def9ition1 ',fai? is fai?4' ',believ+ is--j believ+4' ,:y1 !n1 let ourselves be di/ress$1 or bewild]$1 by f9d+ ourselves r$uc$ to ?is impot5ce ( explanation8 ,f> f x be+ an incrim9ation ( our fai?1 to f9d ourselves caught 9 su* a difficulty ( utt]ance1 x is j :at mu/ happ5 if fai? be a pr(\nd & radical act ( ! inn] s\l4 ,x is1 ess5tially1 an active pr9ciple1 a s\rce ( en]gy1 a spr+ ( movem5t3 &1 z su*1 its v]ification c nev] take place ?r\gh passive introspection4 ,x v]ifies itself only 9 actions3 its reality c only be made evid5t ?r\gh exp]i5ce ( its liv+ "w4 ,,ii4 ,we may1 !n1 free ourselves f ! s9i/] suspicions :i* belong to panic4 ,x is n ! sup]ficiality ( our fai?1 :i* is ! secret ( our bewild]m5t1 b its dep?4 ,! deepe/ & mo/ radical elem5ts ( our be+ are1 necess>ily1 ! h>de/ to une>?4 ,!y are1 obvi\sly1 ! mo/ remote f ! surface ( our lives3 !y are ! r>e/ to %[ !mselves 9 ! op5 daylight3 !y require ! sev]e/ ef=t to dis5tangle _! id5tity3 !y lie bel[ all ord9>y me?ods ( utt]ance & expression2 !y c only be discov]$ ?r\gh c>eful recognition ( ! secret assumptions :i* are involv$ 9 ! acts & words :i* !y habitually produce4 ,by ^! acts & words _! exi/5ce & _! =ce is sugge/$1 b n exhau/$--manife/$1 b n acc\nt$ =4 ,^! =m our only positive int]pretation & evid5ce3 & su* evid5ce mu/1 !re=e1 always rema9 inadequate1 imp]fect2 we h always & inevitably to g beh9d x1 & beyond x1 9 ord] to rea* & t\* ! motive-en]gy :i* is disclos$ to u ?r\gh x4 ,no wond] t we f9d ?is f> f an easy matt]4 ,no wond] t1 "u ! pressure ( a ho/ile *all5ge1 we (t5 lose ourselves 9 a confus$ babble1 z we /ruggle to make pla9 to o!rs1 or ev5 to ourselves1 ^! inn]mo/ convictions ( our s\ls4 ,inde$1 su* ?+s c nev] be made pla93 no "o ought to expect t !y %\ld4 ,=1 if we ?9k ( x1 ! prim>y acts ( _s mu/ be ! la/ ?+s t c ev] be made pla92 = ! entire life issu+ f !m is _! only int]pretation1 s t only :5 t life is clos$1 c _! int]pretation be complete4 ,& "h1 9 fai?1 we are at ! root ( a life :i*1 z we believe1 x w take et]nity to fulfil4 ,&1 if s1 only 9 & ?r\gh et]nity c its full evid5ce = itself be produc$1 or its "r int]pretation be yield$4 ,surely1 ?is tru? cle>s u f _m clamor\s dem&s1 :i* ask ( u an impossible v]ification4 ,= if once we saw t we 7 employ$ 9 v]ify+ ! nature ( t :i*1 if x be real1 c1 confess$ly1 pres5t u1 on ?is side ( ! grave1 only ) ! mo/ fragm5t>y evid5ce ( its "*1 we %\ld put lightly aside ! taunt+ *all5ge to produce su* pro( ( our motive pr9ciple z w /& comp>ison ) ! adequate & precise evid5ces ( a sci5tific fact1 or :i* w submit to ! rigid te/s ( a legal exam9ation4 ,if fai? be fai?1 x c\ld n1 = t v reason1 fulfil ! conditions s propos$ to x4 ,^! legal & sci5tific conditions are labori\sly & artificially limit$ to te/+ ! pres5ce ( a motive1 or a =ce1 :i* mu/ be assum$ to exi/ "u fix$1 precise1 complete conditions1 "h & n[4 ,!y pre-suppose t1 = all practical purposes1 its quantity _c v>y1 or fluctuate4 ,if x be pres5t at all1 x is pres5t 9 a di/9ct & =mal mann]1 op5 to def9ite measurem5t1 express+ itself 9 unalt]able *>act]i/ics4 ,! entire consid]ation ( its activity is /rictly conf9$ to ! normal horizon ( ! actual _w ( pres5t exi/5ce4 ,^! assumptions are ! fir/ necessity ( all =ms ( sci5ce1 )\t mak+ :i*1 x c\ld n ev5 beg94 ,!y are ! conditions ( all its success4 ,b !y are also its limitations3 & z su*1 !y mo/ c]ta9ly exclude f _! survey1 any?+ t pr(esses to exi/ aft] ! mann] ( fai?4 ,= :at is fai?8 ,x is no /eady =ce1 exi/+ "u c]tifi$ & unv>y+ conditions :i* receive _! f9al det]m9ation 9 ! _w ab\t u4 ,fai? is1 :ile x is "h on e>?1 only a t5tative probation3 x is a /ruggl+ & fluctuat+ ef=t 9 man to w9 = himself a valid hold ^u ?+s t exi/ "u ! conditions ( et]nity4 ,9 fai?1 we wat* ! e>ly & rude beg9n+s1 amid an environm5t t b fa9tly & d\btfully responds to x1 ( a p[] /ill 9 ! womb--/ill unborn into its true sph]e--/ill envelop$ 9 d>k wrapp+s :i* encumb] & imp$e4 ,we see "h b its bl9d1 unc]ta9 pu%+s1 its hesitat+ moves1 n[ =w>d1 n[ back1 n[ /rangely vigor\s & ass]tive1 & !n aga91 z /rangely weak & retreat+4 ,its significance1 its int]pretation1 its future possibilities1 its secret ( developm5t--all ^! lie else:]e1 beyond dea?1 beyond vision3 we c b dimly guess1 f its action "h1 :at p[]s fe$ x1 on :at res\rces x c rely1 :at capacity ( gr[? is op5 to x1 :at f9al issue det]m9es ! measure & value ( its ef=ts & a*ievem5ts "h4 ,su* a =ce z ?is is b\nd to upset all our able/ calculations4 ,we c nev] lay d[n rules to gov]n & pr$ict its capabilities4 ,x w disappo9t e conceivable te/ t we c devise = fix+ its conditions4 ,x w laugh at our attempts to circumscribe its action4 ,:]e we look = x to be weak1 x w sudd5ly %[ itself /rong3 :5 we are conv9c$ t we may expect a vigor\s display ( its capacities1 x w my/]i\sly lapse4 ,all ?is may t]ribly disconc]t u4 ,x may tempt u into angry decl>ations t su* an incalculable exi/5ce is unwor?y ( sci5tific att5tion--is fanciful1 is unreal4 ,b ! only lesson :i* we ought to le>n is t me?ods adapt$ = "o /ate ( ?+s are b\nd to prove !mselves futile :5 appli$ to ano!r4 ,if we are employ$ 9 obs]v+ a life1 :i* has its gr\nd & its end 9 a _w beyond ! pres5t1 !n all me?ods fram$ = ! express & def9ite purpose ( exam9+ life z x exi/s "h & n[1 w necess>ily prove !mselves ludicr\sly inapt4 ,! futility1 ! b>r5ness1 ! ineptitude ( our rese>*es1 lies1 n ) ! fai? aga9/ :i* we level our irritable compla9ts1 b ) ! me?ods :i*1 by _! v t]ms ( def9ition1 proclaim !mselves to be misplac$4 ,:]e1 !n1 mu/ we dig to une>? ! roots ( fai?8 ,:at are ! conditions ( its rise & ex]cise8 ,:]e9 lie its gr\nds1 & ! ju/ification ( its claim8 ,fai? gr\nds itself1 solely & :olly1 on an inn] & vital relation ( ! s\l to its s\rce4 ,?is s\rce is mo/ c]ta9ly else:]e2 x is n )9 ! compass ( ! s\l's own activity4 ,9 "s mode1 inconceivable & my/]i\s1 our life issues out ( an imp5etrable backgr\nd3 & z our life includes spiritual elem5ts1 t backgr\nd has spiritual factors3 & z our life is p]sonal1 )9 t backgr\nd exi/s p]sonality4 ,?is supply ( life 9 :i* we beg91 f out ( :i* our be+ op5s1 c nev] cease1 s long z we exi/1 to su/a9 u by "o cont9u\s act4 ,ev] its res\rces fl[ 93 ev] its vital support is un)drawn4 ,9 "s fa%ion or o!r1 we all "k t ?is mu/ be s3 & ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ only lifts into cle> daylight1 & end[s ) p]fect expression1 ?is elem5t>y & univ]sal v]ity1 :5 x ass]ts t at ! v core ( ea* man's be+ lies1 & lives1 & moves1 & works1 ! creative en]gy ( ! ,div9e ,w--'! ,w ( our ,fa!r ,:i* is 9 ,heav54' ,we /&1 by ! necessities ( our exi/5ce1 9 ! relation%ip ( sons to a ,fa!r1 ,:o has p\r$ out into u1 & /ill p\rs1 ! vig\r ( ,8 own life4 ,?is is ! "o basis ( all fai?4 ,unless ?is relation%ip actually exi/s1 !re c\ld be no fai?3 if x exi/s1 !n fai? is its ess5tial coroll>y3 x is b\nd to appe>4 ,our fai? is simply ! witness to ?is inn] bond ( be+4 ,t bond1 :i* is ! secret ( our entire exi/5ce1 acc\nt+ = all t we are1 or d1 or feel1 or ?9k1 or say1 mu/ become capable ( recognition by a be+ t is1 9 any s5se1 free1 intellig5t1 consci\s3 & ?is recognition by u ( ! s\rce f :5ce we d]ive1 is :at we mean by fai?4 ,fai? is ! s5se 9 u t we are ,ano!r's creature1 ,ano!r's mak+4 ,ev5 z we n only feel1 b feel t we feel2 n only ?9k1 b "k t we ?9k2 n only *oose1 b det]m9e to *oose3 s1 bel[ & )9 all our will+1 & ?9k+1 & feel+1 we are consci\s ( ,ano!r1 ^: m9d & w alone make possible bo? ! feel+ t we feel1 & also ! capacity to feel x2 bo? ! ?\ght t we ?9k1 & also ! capacity to "k x2 bo? ! w t we put =?1 z well z ! p[] to det]m9e x4 ,e act1 e desire1 e motive ( ours1 is dep5dant on ! s\rce out ( sight3 we hang on ,ano!r's w2 we are alive 9 ,ano!r's life4 ,all our life is a discov]y1 a disclosure1 ( ?is secret4 ,we f9d x out only by liv+4 ,z we put out p[]s t seem to be our own1 /ill ev5 9 & by ! v act ( putt+ !m out1 we reveal !m to be n our own2 we discov] t we are always draw+ on unse5 res\rces4 ,we are sons3 t is ! root-law ( our entire self4 ,& fai? is ! active in/9ct ( t inn] son%ip3 x is ! po9t at :i* t ess5tial son%ip em]ges into consci\sness2 x is ! disclosure to ! self ( its own vital secret2 x is ! ?rill ( our inh]5t *ildhood1 z x makes itself felt )9 ! c5tral recesses ( ! life2 x is ! flame t %oots into consci\sness at ! recognition ( ! t\* ( our div9e fa!rhood2 x is ! imm$iate response ( ! son%ip 9 u to its discov]$ orig94 ,fai?1 !n1 is an in/9ct ( relation%ip bas$ on an inn] actual fact4 ,& its entire (fice & use lies 9 realis+ ! secret fact4 ,= ! bond is spiritual2 & x c only realise itself 9 a _s t has become aw>e ( its own laws4 ,no bl9d animal acceptance ( ! div9e assi/ance c draw out ! p[]s ( ?is son%ip4 ,! reception ( ! assi/ance mu/ itself be consci\s1 lov+1 intellig5t1 will+4 ,! natural _w c receive its full capacities f ,god )\t recognition ( ! s\rce :5ce !y fl[ 93 b ?is abs5ce ( liv+ recognition =bids x ev] to surpass ^? fix$ limits ( developm5t :i* we "n 'natural4' ,b a creature ( ,god t c\ld n only receive b recognise t x receiv$1 w\ld1 by t v recognition1 lay itself op5 to an entirely novel developm5t2 x w\ld be susceptible ( inf9itely high] influ5ces %$ d[n ^u x f ,god2 x w\ld admit f> f9] & ri*] inp\r+s ( div9e succ\rs2 x w\ld be f$1 n only f und]gr\nd *annels z x 71 b by fre% inlets :i* its consci\sness ( its adh]5ce 9 ,god w\ld uncov] & set 9 motion4 ,! action ( ,god ^u ,8 creatures w\ld be rais$ to a new level ( possibility3 = a liv+ & intellig5t w has capacities ( receptivity1 :i* 7 altoge!r exclud$ s long z ,god m]ely gave1 & ! creature bl9dly & dumbly took4 ,fai?1 !n1 op5s an entirely new c>e] = creaturely exi/5ce2 & ! novelty ( ?is c>e] is express$ 9 ! ^w 'sup]natural4' ,! 'sup]natural' _w op5s ^u u z soon z fai? is 9 be+#ee4 ,& ?is c>e]1 x w be se51 is m>k$ly di/9ct f ! natural 9 ?is--t x is capable ( ev] advanc+ expansion4 ,all natural ?+s1 :i* bl9dly accept _! life f ,god1 mu/1 p]=ce1 h a decre$ & c]tifi$ developm5t1 limit$ by ! conditions 9 :i* !y are f\nd exi/+4 ,_! receptivity is a fix$ quantity1 det]m9$ by ! "* impos$ ^u !m at creation1 & b\nd to come to an abrupt arre/ at "s precise po9t#ef4 ,b receptivity ?r\gh consci\s recognition is op5 to a developm5t ( :i* x is impossible = u to fix ! limits4 ,= ?is liv+ recognition itself advances 9 its capacity to see & und]/&4 ,e act by :i* x recognises ! ,giv] 9 ! gifts1 height5s & int5sifies its p[] to recognise ,him2 & e increase ( its p[] to recognise ,him increases also its capacity to receive2 & ?is increase w aga9 react on ! faculties ( recognition4 ,a vision op5s out ( spiritual gr[?1 9 :i* e /ep =w>d made ?r\gh incom+ grace1 makes a new /ep possible1 f9ds a fre% grace ev] wait+ to cr[n its late/ gift ) ev] new end[m5t4 ,! son%ip t is at "w und]gr\nd 9 man1 bel[ ! level ( consci\sness1 at ! hidd5 base ( fai?1 is "o t holds 9 x capacities :i* c only be evok$ "u ! appeals ( a liv+ & volunt>y fai?4 ,fai? is ! discov]y ( an inh]5t son%ip1 :i*1 ?\gh already seal$ to x1 already 9 action1 nev]!less _c b )hold its m ri* & spl5did en]gies until ?is discov]y is made2 & :i* discloses !m only accord+ to ! progressive cle>ness & =ce ) :i* ! process ( discov]y advances4 ,! hi/ory ( fai? is ! hi/ory ( ?is gradual disclosure1 ?is gr[+ capacity to recognise & receive1 until ! rudim5t>y om5 ( ,god's fa!rhood 9 ! rude/ savage :o draws1 by clumsy feti*1 or weird incantation1 ^u a p[] outside himself1 closes its long /ory 9 ! absolute recognition1 ! p]fect & entire receptivity1 ( t ,son ( man1 :o c d no?+ ( ,himself1 'b :at ,he see? ! ,fa!r d1' &1 = t v reason1 c d ev]y?+3 = :atsoev] '! ,fa!r doe?1 ! ,son doe? also4' ,fai?1 !n1 is n only ! recognition by man ( ! secret s\rce ( 8 be+1 b x is itself1 also1 ! condition "u :i* ! p[]s1 t issue f t s\rce1 make _! arrival )9 him4 ,! son%ip1 already g]m9al1 completes itself1 realises itself 9 man1 ?r\gh 8 fai?4 ,n only is ! unconsci\s human nature held by atta*m5t to ! ,fa!r :o fe$s x ) hidd5 succ\rs1 b fai? is1 itself1 ! p[] by :i* ! consci\s life atta*es itself to ,god2 x is an appreh5sive motion ( ! liv+ _s1 by :i* x int5sifies its t\* on ,god2 x is an in/9ct ( surr5d]1 by :i* x gives itself to ! full] h&l+ ( ,god3 x is an affection ( ! w1 by :i* x presses up aga9/ ,god1 & dr9ks 9 div9e vitality ) quick5$ receptivity#eg4 ,:at !n w be its *>act]i/ics8 ,we h only to keep close to ! conception ( son%ip1 & we %all und]/& !m well en\gh4 ,fai? is ! attitude1 ! temp]1 ( a son t[>ds a fa!r4 ,t is a relation%ip t we all c und]/& = ourselves4 ,we "k x1 9 spite ( all ! base & cruel corruptions "u :i*1 9 ! homes ( man1 its beauty lies disfigur$4 ,/ill1 b5ea? disguises1 we cat* sight1 9 r>e & happy conditions1 ( t beautiful intimacy :i* c spr+ up betwe5 a son & a fa!r1 :]e love is "o ) rev]5ce1 & duty fulfils itself 9 joy4 ,su* a son%ip is l a spiritual in/9ct1 :i* r5d]s intelligible to ! son e mood & ge/ure ( ! fa!r4 ,8 v blood moves 9 rhy?m to ! fa!r's motives4 ,8 s\l hangs1 = guidance1 on ! fa!r's eyes3 to him1 ea* motive ( ! fa!r ju/ifies itself z a satisfy+ inspiration4 ,! fa!r's w is felt delici\sly encompass+ him ab\t2 enclos$ )9 x1 8 own w works1 glad & free 9 its =tify+ ob$i5ce4 ,su* a relation%ip z ?is ne$s no ju/ify+ sanction beyond itself3 x is its own sanction1 its own au?ority1 its own ju/ification4 ',he is my fa!r'3 t is a suffici5t reason = all ?is sympa!tic response to ano!r's desire4 ',i am 8 son'3 t is ! f9al premiss 9 :i* all argum5t comes to a close4 ,! will+ surr5d] ( ! he>t is ! witness to a fact :i* is beyond argum5t1 :i* accepts no d5ial1 yet :i* is no tyrann\s fate1 b is a liv+ & animat+ bond ( blood1 :i* x is a joy to recognise1 & an inspiration to confess4 ,x is 9 su* a _s ( son%ip t fai? reveals & realises itself4 ,fai? is t temp] ( sympa!tic & imm$iate response to ,ano!r's w :i* belongs to a recognis$ relation%ip ( vital communion4 ,x is ! _s ( confid5t surr5d]1 :i* c only be ju/ifi$ by an inn] id5tification ( life4 ,its prim>y note1 !re=e1 w be tru/--t tru/ ( ,ano!r1 :i* ne$s no ult]ior gr\nds on :i* to base itself1 beyond :at is involv$ 9 ! inh]5t law ( ?is life4 ,fai? w ev] discov]1 :5 its reason = action1 or belief1 are trac$ to _! la/ s\rce1 t x arrives at a po9t :]e its only & all-suffici5t plea w be ',god is my ,fa!r3 ,i am ,8 *ild4' ,t relation%ip is its root2 on ! top ( t relation%ip fai? works2 z a witness to t relation%ip1 x puts =? all ! spiritual temp] :i*1 ( necessity1 foll[s on ?is intimacy ( contact4 ,&1 "h1 we f9d ourselves 9 ! pres5ce ( ! law by :i* fai? claims to be univ]sal4 ,unless ?is inn] relation%ip be a fact1 fai? c\ld n acc\nt = itself3 b if x be a fact1 x mu/ con/itute a fix$ & necess>y dem& ^u all m54 ,all are1 equally1 '*ildr5 ( ,god'3 & ! answ] to ! "q ',:y %\ld ,i believe8' mu/ be1 = ev] & = all1 valid2 'because y are a *ild ( ,god4' ,fai? is no?+ b ! spiritual temp] & attitude1 :i* belong1 inh]5tly1 to su* a fact4 ,no "o c escape f su* a claim3 = 8 exi/5ce con/itutes ! claim4 ,if he be a *ild1 x mu/ be dem&$1 ( him1 t he %\ld display ! *>act]i/ics ( 8 *ildhood3 ! fa!r mu/1 ( necessity1 be conc]n$ ) ! "q ( 8 own recognition by 8 son4 ,our manhood lies 9 ?is ess5tial son%ip3 &1 if s1 !n to be )\t fai?1 )\t ! consci\s realisation ( ! son%ip1 is to be )\t ! fulness ( a man's prop] nature4 ,x is to be inhuman3 to be curtail$ ( ! natural developm5t3 to be maim$ & ?w>t$4 ,x means t ! vital outcome ( ! inn] v]ity has be5 arre/$2 t ! s5sitive p]ceptions h be5 blunt$ & /unt$2 t ! son%ip 9 u has1 someh[1 lo/ t\* ) its true fa!rhood4 ,we le>n at once1 z we consid] ?is1 ! int]pretation ( t two-sid$ "*1 :i* surprises u 9 ,god's deal+s ) m53--i4e4 ! imp]ative rig\r ( ,8 /at$ requirem5ts1 c\pl$ ) ,8 wide & pati5t tol]ance1 9 actual fact4 ,z a ,fa!r ( all1 ,he _c1 conceivably1 be satisfi$ ) any?+ %ort ( complete recognition by ,8 *ildr54 ,he mu/ look = fai?2 ,he mu/ require x ( !m all3 ,he mu/ leave no means untri$ by :i* to secure x3 ,he mu/ seek to w9 x at all co/s3 ,8 love is inevitably & cruelly h9d]$1 unless ,he c obta9 x3 & :5 ,he obta9s x1 ,he mu/ passionately desire to e/abli%1 evoke1 develope1 p]fect x3 = ea* rise 9 fai? is a rise 9 capacities ( int]c\rse1 ( intimacy1 betwe5 ,fa!r & son4 ,we see h[ /r5u\s & zeal\s w be ,8 ef=ts to build up fai? 9 m53 we und]/& h[ urg5t1 & press+1 & al>m+ w become ,8 entreaties1 ,8 w>n+s1 ,8 m5aces1 ,8 appeals1 if fai? is all[$ to slide or fail4 ,loss ( fai? means a %att]$ home1 a ruptur$ intimacy1 a sund]$ love2 x means t a ,fa!r mu/ look on :ile ! v nature ,he has made 9 ,8 image %rivels & %r9ks1 & all hope ( gr[?1 ( advanc+ famili>ity1 ( increas+ joy1 ( assur$ sympa?y1 is cut d[n & blight$4 ,we all "k ! bitt]ness ( a brea* :i* scatt]s a family into fragm5ts3 & t is b a fa9t %ad[ ( all :i* ! great ,fa!r sees to be involv$ 9 ! brok5 contact betwe5 ,himself & ,8 son4 ,:at /&>d h we by :i* to s\nd ! abyss ( div9e disappo9tm5t1 z ,god waits ready ) gift ^u gift ( endless grace :i* ,he w p\r out ^u ! *ild ( ,8 love1 z ! endless ye>s op5 out new wond]s ( advanc+ intimacy2 & lo6 ! *annel by :i* alone ! gifts c rea* him1 is *ok$ & clos$8 ,fai? is ! son's receptivity3 x is t temp] ( tru/1 :i* makes ! entry ( succ\rs possible3 x is ! m$ium ( response3 x is ! attitude ( adh]5ce to ! ,fa!r1 by virtue ( :i* communications c pass4 ,if fai? goes1 all fur!r action ( ,god ^u ! s\l1 all fre% arrival ( p[]1 is made impossible4 ,! *annel ( int]c\rse is block$4 ,! dem&1 !n1 = fai? by ,god is b\nd to be exact+1 & urg5t1 & univ]sal4 ,b1 !n1 ?is dem& holds 9 res]ve a gr\nd ( hope1 ( pati5ce1 ( tol]ance1 ( *>ity1 :i* we c1 9 no s+le in/ance1 v5ture to limit4 ,= ! fai?1 :i* x rigor\sly asks =1 reposes1 z we see1 on an inn] & ess5tial relation%ip1 already exi/5t1 :i* knits man to 8 ,god4 ,n ev5 ! ,fall1 ) all its consequ5t accumulations ( s91 c avail to :olly undo ?is primitive condition ( exi/5ce4 ,! fa!rhood ( ,god /ill su/a9s its err+ *ildr52 ! div9e image is blurr$1 b n blott$ out4 ,/ill1 at ! close ( ! long days1 our ,"l c speak to ! wond]+ m5 :o flock ab\t ,him1 ( ,"o ,:o is ev5 n[ _! ,fa!r 9 ,heav54 ,?is objective & imp]i%able relation%ip1 ! und]ly+ gr\nd ( all our be+1 is ! pre-supposition ( all fai?1 )\t :i* x w\ld itself be impossible4 ,&1 ?is be+ s1 ,god c af=d to wait v long = fai? to %[ itself4 ,s long z its prim>y condition is !re1 !re is always hope4 ,! /r+5t dem& is n inspir$ by ! m9d ( a lawgiv]1 nor press$ home ) ! au/]ity ( a judge2 x expresses ! hung] ( a fa!r's he>t1 to w9 ! confid5ce & to evoke ! capacities ( ! *ildr5 ( its love4 ,su* a hung] is1 inde$1 m rigor\s & exact ?an ! lett] ( any law3 x aspires aft] a m accurate correspond5ce2 x is s5sitive to m delicate di/9ctions3 b1 nev]!less1 x holds1 9 its fa!rl9ess1 f> wid] capacities ( tol]ation ?an lawgiv]1 or judge4 ,t same he>t ( ! fa!r1 :i* 9 its hung] ( love is s exact+1 w1 out ( ! same hung]1 nev] despair1 & nev] =sake3 x w nev] cease f ! pursuit ( t responsive tru/ :i* x desires2 x w make all[ances1 x w p]mit delays1 x w weave excuses1 x w endure rebuffs1 x w condesc5d to p]suasion1 x w =get all provocations1 x w wait1 x w plead1 x w repeat its pleas1 x w take no refusal1 x w ov]leap all ob/acles1 x w run risks1 x w endlessly & untir+ly =give1 if only1 at ! la/1 ! /ubborn *ild-he>t yield1 & ! t5d] response ( fai? be won4 ,"h1 !n1 we seem to see :y ! nature ( fai? all[s = two po9ts :i* surprise u 9 ,god's deal+s1 z if ) a contradiction4 ,on ! "o h&1 we he> ,him1 ?\gh prophet & prie/1 insi/+1 ) sev]e precision1 on ! necessity ( a "r & accurate fai?4 ,on ! o!r1 we _c b recognise1 9 ! op5 area ( actual life1 ! evid5ces ( a wide & almo/ b\ndless tol]ation4 ,aga9 & aga9 x mu/ h seem$ to u t ! ,*ur* & ! _w gave1 ?us1 anti!tical evid5ce ( ,god's "*4 ,yet1 9 tru?1 bo? speak ! voice ( "o & ! same ,god1 ,:o1 9 ,8 undivid$ love1 bo? passionately seeks = ! delicate & direct response ( an accurate fai?2 &1 also1 9 ord] n to lose ?is f9al joy1 'suff]e? long1 & is k9d1 be>e? all ?+s1 believe? all ?+s1 hope? all ?+s1 endure? all ?+s4' ,yes6--has ev5 to endure t m5 %\ld pit ,8 tol]ation aga9/ ,8 love1 & %\ld argue t1 because ,he w wait s long & quietly = ! fruit t ,he desires to reap1 !re=e1 ,he does n desire ! fruit4 ,9 reality1 ! degree ( ! tol]ation1 ) :i* ,god w pati5tly wait = ! fruits ( fai?1 is ! measure ( ! extremity ( ,8 desire = x4 ,j because ,he wants x s mu*1 ,he waits s long4 ,,iii4 ,if fai?1 !n1 be ! witness & ! ex]cise ( our son%ip 9 ,god1 we c recognise at once ! place x w hold among ! o!r p[]s & capacities ( our nature4 ,we are s un=tunately apt to rank x z "o among _m faculties1 & !n to f9d ourselves engag$ 9 agitat+ controv]sies conc]n+ its limits & its claims4 ,we h to secure = x1 aga9/ ! re/1 a field = free dom9ion2 & t field is h>d to def9e2 & rival p[]s beset x2 & !re are raids & skirmi%es on e fronti]2 & reason is ev] mak+ viol5t incursions on ! "o side1 & feel+ is actively besieg+ x on ! o!r3 & ! sci5tific fronti]s1 :i* we are ev] on ! po9t ( fix+1 %ift1 & *ange1 & vani%1 z soon z we det]m9e !m2 & ! :ole =ce ( ,*ri/ian apologetics is sp5t 9 aimless & b>r5 bord]-w>f>e4 ,b1 if :at we h be5 say+ be true1 ! :ole tr\ble turns on a mi/ake4 ,fai? is n to be rank$ by ! side ( ! o!r faculties 9 a f$]ation ( rival p[]s1 b is beh9d !m all4 ,x goes back to a deep] root2 x spr+s f a m primitive & radical act ( ! c5tral self ?an !y4 ,x belongs to t orig9al spot ( our be+1 :]e x adh]es 9 ,god1 & draws on div9e res\rces4 ,out f t spot our p[]s divide1 radiat+ into sep>ate gifts1--w1 memory1 feel+1 reason1 imag9ation1 affection2 b all ( !m are b v>y+ expressions ( t ess5tial son%ip1 :i* is _! base4 ,& all1 !re=e1 run back into t home :]e fai? abides1 & works1 & rises1 & exp&s4 ,at ! root ( all our capacities lies our son%ip2 at ! root ( all our consci\s life lies fai?1 ! witness ( our son%ip4 ,by adh]5ce 9 ,god1 we put out our gifts1 we ex]cise our functions1 we develop our faculties2 & fai?1 !re=e1 f> f be+ _! rival1 :om !y are int]e/$ 9 suspect+1 & curb+1 & conf9+ )9 its limits1 is ! secret spr+ ( _! =ce1 & ! inspiration ( _! gr[?1 & ! assurance ( _! success4 ,all our k1 = in/ance1 relies ^u our son%ip2 x />ts ) an act ( fai?#eh4 ,we ?r[ ourselves1 ) ! confid5ce ( *ildr51 ^u an ext]nal _w1 :i* (f]s itself to our vision1 to our t\*1 to our review1 to our calculation1 to our h&l+1 to our use4 ,:o c assure u ( its reality1 ( its tru?8 ,we mu/ measure x by ^? faculties "u ! manipulation ( :i* x falls3 b h[ c ! faculties gu>antee to u _! own accuracy8 ,h[ c we ju/ify an ext5sion ( our own inn] necessities to ! _w ( outw>d ?+s8 ,h[ c we attribute to nature t rational & causative exi/5ce :i* we f9d ourselves =c$ to assume 9 x8 ,our ju/ification1 our confid5ce1 all issue1 9 ! la/ resort1 f our son%ip4 ,our p[]s h1 9 !m1 "s lik5ess to ^? ( ,god4 ,if ,he be our ,fa!r1 if we be made 9 ,8 image1 !n1 9 our measure1 we c rely ^u x t we close ) ,nature 9 its reality2 t our t\*1 our sight1 our reason1 h "s hold on ! actual life ( ?+s2 t we see & "k 9 "s su* mann]1 aft] our degree1 z ,god ,himself sees & kn[s4 ,9 unhesitat+ reliance ^u our true son%ip1 we sally out & deal ) ! _w2 we act ^u ! sure conviction t we are n altoge!r outside ! secret ( objective exi/5ce4 ,we refuse absolutely to d\bt1 or g beh9d ! reports made to u by feel+1 by memory1 by ?\ght4 ,if once we are cle> z to :at ! report is1 we re/ on x2 we ask = no p[] to /& 7z x 77 outside our own exp]i5ce1 our own k1 s z to assure ourselves ( _! v]acity4 ,we are c]ta9 t our ,fa!r _c h misguid$ u2 t we are )9 ,8 influ5ce2 t we are 9 modifi$ possession ( ,8 tru?2 t our capacities reflect ,8 m9d4 ,we c\ld n h s confid5tly recognis$1 und]/ood1 & h&l$ ! _w1 if x _h be5 :olly =eign to u4 ,z x is1 we lay in/9ctive hold ^u x2 we take spontane\s possession2 we ex]t au?ority ^u x2 we feel our inh]5t "r ov] x2 we are at home 9 x2 we move freely ab\t x1 z *ildr5 9 a fa!r's h\se4 ,act+ 9 ?is fai?1 all our capacities ju/ify !mselves to u2 !y respond to our reliance ^u !m2 !y develop into ev] advanc+ /r5g? "u ! motions ( ?is tru/2 !y =m a cont9ual & increas+ witness to ! v]ity ( t son%ip 9 :i* we h believ$4 ,fai?1 !n1 belongs to our entire body ( activities4 ,we live by fai?4 ,by fai?1 "u ! inspiration ( fai?1 we put out our life1 we set to "w1 we ex]cise faculties1 we close ) our opportunities1 we h confid5ce 9 our environm5t1 we respond to calls1 we h&le critical em]g5cies1 we s5d out f> abroad our exp]im5tal intellig5ce1 we discov]1 we accumulate exp]i5ces1 we build1 & plant1 & develop4 ,an elem5tal act ( fai? lies at ! root ( all ?is advance2 & e motion t we make1 dem&s a r5ewal ( t primitive v5ture4 ,9 all secul> progress 'we walk by fai?4' ,e /ep revives ! dem&4 ,j z ! e>?1 if x necessitates ! idea ( a primal creation1 requires1 by exactly ! same necessity1 an incessant r5ewal ( t fir/ creative act1 s our life1 if x requir$ fai? to />t x1 requires fai? e mom5t to su/a9 x4 ,our faculties nev] arrive at a use :i* is self-dep5d5t & self-orig9at$1 z if !y c\ld gr[ beyond ! t5tative conditions ( _! e>lie/ assays4 ,!y orig9ate 9 a v5tur\s exp]im5t2 &1 h[ev] long1 & h[ev] complicat$ t exp]im5t become1 x reta9s its orig9al "*2 x rema9s exp]im5tal to ! end4 ,! results1 no d\bt1 ju/ify ! v5ture made2 b1 !n1 ! fir/ v5ture involv$ su* imm5se assumptions1 t no results rea*$ c ev] complete its ju/ification1 & s remove its t5tative nature4 ,=1 by assum+ a real correspond5ce betwe5 our faculties & ! _w ) :i* !y deal1 x assum$ t su* a correspond5ce w\ld nev] fail u2 w\ld be capable ( inf9ite v]ification2 w\ld prove adequate to all possible exp]i5ces2 w\ld receive indef9ite & progressive ext5sion4 ,no v]ifications ev] rea*$ c1 !n1 exhau/ ! fai? ( t primitive v5ture2 !y c only s]ve to exhibit to x h[ f> m 0 conta9$ )9 t v5ture ?an x c\ld ev] h conceiv$4 ,new k1 new exp]i5ce1 f> f expung+ ! elem5ts ( fai?1 make ev] fre% dem&s ^u x2 !y con/itute p]petual appeals to x to enl>ge its tru/1 to exp& its orig9al audacity4 ,& yet ! v va/ness ( ^? dem&s s]ves to obscure & conceal _! true "*4 ,?is is ! key to mu* ( our pres5t bewild]m5t4 ,! worlds ( k & ( action h assum$ su* huge proportions1 h accumulat$ su* imm5se & complicat$ res\rces1 h ga9$ su* supreme confid5ce 9 _! own /ability1 h pu%$ =w>d _! successes ) su* />tl+ p[] & rapidity1 t we h lo/ c\nt ( _! primal assumption4 ,9 amazem5t at _! /up5d\s range1 we are ov]-aw$2 we d>e n *all5ge !m ) _! hypo!tical orig91 or rem9d !m t _! entire & wond]ful /ructure is b an empty & holl[ dream1 unless !y are prep>$ to place _! utt]mo/ tru/ 9 an unv]ifi$ act ( fai?4 ,giv5 t tru/1 :i* relies on ! reality ( ! bond :i* holds betwe5 our inn] faculties & ! out] _w1 !n all ?is m>vell\s vision is root$ on a rock1 has validity & sub/ance4 ,)draw t spiritual tru/ 9 our son%ip1 & all ?is fairy-_w1 won = u by sci5ce & exp]i5ce1 ,^! cl\d-capp$ t[]s1 ^! gorge\s palaces1 ,! solemn temples1 ! great globe itself1 ,yea1 all :i* x inh]it1 %all dissolve1 ,&1 l an unsub/antial pageant fad$1 ,leave n a rack beh9d4 ,our secul> & sci5tific life is an imm5se exp]im5t 9 fai?1--an exp]im5t :i* v]ifies itself by success1 b :i* ju/ifies itself only if x rememb]s to attribute all its success to ! reality ( t hidd5 relation%ip to ,god1 :i* is ! key to all its capacities1 ! ju/ification ( all its confid5ce1 & ! security ( all its advance4 ,su* a remembrance is n easy = x3 = ! ex]cise ( ! capacities is in/9ctive & spontane\s1 & x requires an ef=t ( reflection to "q ! validity ( su* ex]cise4 ,& su* an ef=t seems tiresome & imp]t95t 9 ! heat ( successful progress1 9 ! ?ick ( cr[d+ conque/s4 ,! practical man is apt to give an irritat$ /amp on ! gr\nd1 :i* to him feels s solid1 & to deem ?is a suffici5t answ] to ! importunate inquiry h[ he kn[s t he has any sub/antial _w to "k & to h&le4 ,= fai? lies beh9d our secul> life1 secret$ )9 x3 & ! secul> life1 !re=e1 c g on z if no fai? 0 want$2 x ne$ n tr\ble its head ) p]plex+ que/ions1 :e!r its base be v]ifiable by ! same /&>ds & measures z its sup]/ructure4 ,its own practical activity is complete & free1 :e!r x discov] its hidd5 pr9ciple or n3 j z ,mr4 ,j\rda9's conv]sation 0 complete & free1 long be=e he discov]$ t he 0 talk+ prose4 ,we h to /& outside our secul> life & reflect on x1 to disclose its true spr+4 ,! appeal to fai? "h is indirect4 ,b1 9 religion1 ?is hidd5 activity is evok$ by a direct appeal3 x is une>!d2 x is summon$ to come =w>d on its own acc\nt4 ,god dem&s ( ?is secret & inn]mo/ vitality t x %\ld no long] lie incas$ )9 ! o!r capacities1 b t x %\ld ?r[ (f its %elt]+ cov]s1 & %\ld em]ge into positive action1 & %\ld disclose its peculi> & native "*4 ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 calls fai? out ( its dim backgr\nd into ! front ( ! sc5e4 ,he does ?is "u ! pressure ( invocations1 :i* address _! appeals ?r\gh1 & by means (1 ! secul> & visible mat]ial1 )9 & beh9d :i* ,he is ev] at "w4 ,?is _h1 inde$1 always told ( ,8 invisible & et]nal ,godhead3 b x did s indirectly1 by requir+ ,him z its con/ant pre-supposition & base4 ,n[1 x is s us$ z to br+ ,god into direct & positive evid5ce1 by means ( acts1 :i* br+ =w>d ! en]gies ( ,8 imm$iate ,fa!rhood4 ,all ! gr[? ( ,ed5 _h always te/ifi$ to ! exi/5ce & ! "n ( ,god3 b a new /age 0 rea*$ :5 ,he 0 felt mov+1 9 ev5+ h\rs1 amid ! trees ( ! g>d54 ,& z ! ,fa!r presses =w>d out ( ,8 sil5t backgr\nd1 s ! secret son%ip 9 man em]ges out ( its deep recesses 9 positive response1 us+ its own secul> faculties by :i* to c>ry itself =w>d into evid5ce & action4 ,?is def9ite & direct contact betwe5 ! ,god ,:o is ! hidd5 s\rce ( all life1 & ! fai? :i* is ! hidd5 spr+ ( all human activity--?is disclosure by ! ,fa!r1 met by ?is discov]y by ! son--?is is ,religion3 & ! hi/ory ( ,religion is ! /ory ( its sl[ & gradual advance 9 sanity & cle>ness1 until x culm9ates 9 t special disclosure :i* we call ,revelation2 :i*1 aga91 cr[ns itself 9 t ,revelation ( ! ,fa!r ?r\gh ! ,son1 9 :i* ! disclosure ( ,god to man & ! discov]y by man ( ,god are made absolute 9 ,him ,:o is "o ) ! ,fa!r1 kn[+ all t ! ,fa!r does1 mak+ kn[n all t ! ,fa!r is4 ,n[ "h we h rea*$ a p>t+ ( ways4 ,= we h t\*$ ! po9t at :i* ! di/9ctions />t out betwe5 :at is secul> & :at is sacr$--betwe5 virtue & godl9ess--betwe5 ! _w & ! ,*ur*4 ,if ',religion' means ?is com+ =w>d into ! =egr\nd ( t :i* is ! univ]sal backgr\nd ( all exi/5ce1 !n we cut ourselves free f ! p]plexity :i* b5umbs u :5 we he> ( ! ',gospel ( ! ,secul> ,life2' ( ! ',religion ( ,humanity2' ( doctors & sci5tific pr(essors be+ ',m9i/]s ( ,religion2' ( ! ',natural ,religion' :i* is conta9$ )9 ! bord]s ( sci5ce ) its s5se ( wond]1 or ( art ) its vision ( beauty4 ,all ?is is s obvi\sly true 9 "o s5se t x s9ks to ! level ( an amiable commonplace2 b if ?is be ! s5se int5d$1 :y is all ?is emphasis laid ^u x8 ,yet if m ?an ?is is meant1 we are caught 9 a juggl+ maze ( words1 & are los+ hold on vital di/9ctions1 & feel ourselves to be rapidly collaps+ into ! condition ( ! unhappy ,n9evites1 :o knew n _! "r h&s f _! left4 ,! ^w ',religion1' aft] all1 has a mean+3 & we d n get =w>d by lab\r+ to disguise f ourselves ?is awkw>d fact4 ,?is positive mean+ all[s ev]y?+ t c be ask$ 9 ! way ( sanctity & wor?1 = nature & ! natural life4 ,all ( x is ,god-giv51 ,god-inspir$1 ,god-direct$2 all ( x is holy4 ,b ! fact ( ?is be+ s is "o ?+3 ! recognition ( x is ano!r2 & x is ?is recognition ( ,god 9 ?+s :i* is ! core & ess5ce ( religion4 ,natural life is ! life 9 ,god1 :i* has n yet arriv$ at ?is recognition3 x is n yet1 z su*1 religi\s4 ,! sacr$ & sup]natural (fice ( man is to press ?r\gh 8 own natural environm5t1 to =ce 8 _s ?r\gh ! ?ick jungle ( 8 manifold activities & capacities1 to %ake himself free f ! encompass+ complexities1 to /ep out cle> & loose f all entanglem5t1 to f9d himself1 ?r\gh & beyond all 8 secul> exp]i5ces1 face to face ) a ,god1 ,:o1 on ,8 side1 is = ev] pu%+ aside ! veil :i* sugge/s & conceals ,him1 = ev] dis5gag+ ,himself f ! ph5om5a ?r\gh :i* ,he arrives at man's consci\sness1 = ev] bru%+ away ! confusions1 & com+ out m & m into ! op51 until1 ?r\gh & pa/ ! '?und] comes a human voice2' & ,8 eyes burn _! way ?r\gh into man's s\l2 & ,he calls ! man by 8 "n1 & takes him ap>t1 & hides him 9 "s high & sep>ate cleft ( ! rock1 f> f all ! glam\r & tumult ( cr[d$ exi/5ce1 & holds him close 9 ! holl[ ( ,8 h& z ,he passes by1 & names to him1 ) cle> & memorable voice1 ! ',"n ( ! ,"l1 ! ,"l ,god1 m]ciful1 graci\s1 long-suff]+1 abundant 9 goodness & tru?1 =giv+ iniquity1 & ,:o w by no means cle> ! guilty4' ,"h is ,religion4 ,x is ! arrival at ! secret2 ! discov]y by ! son ( a ,fa!r1 ,:o is 9 all ,8 works1 yet is di/9ct f !m all1--to be recognis$1 kn[n1 spok5 )1 lov$1 imitat$1 wor%ipp$1 on ,8 own acc\nt1 & = ,himself alone4 ,religion1 9 ?is s5se1 is p]fectly di/9ct f :at is secul>3 yet1 9 mak+ ?is di/9ction1 x br+s no reproa*3 x pron\nces no?+ common or unclean4 ,x only asks u n to play ) words3 & x rem9ds u t1 9 blurr+ ?is radical di/9ction1 we are undo+ all ! "w :i* x has be5 ! aim ( ! religi\s movem5t to a*ieve4 ,= ! hi/ory ( ?is movem5t is ! record ( ! gradual advance man has made 9 dis5tangl+ '! ,"n ( ,god' f all its manife/ations4 ,religion is ! ef=t to arrive at t ,"n1 9 its sep>able id5tity1 9 its p]sonal & di/9ct significance4 ,x is ! fulfilm5t ( ! unceas+ cry ',tell me ,?y "n6' ,9 religion we are engag$ 9 ! age-long task ( lift+ ! ,"n1 cle> & high1 above ! clang & ro> ( its works1 t ?r\gh & by means ( all t ,he is1 we may pi]ce ?r\gh to ! v ,god ( gods1 & may close ) ,him 9 ! bless$ solitude ( a love :i* knits he>t to he>t & _s to _s1 )\t any )hold+ int]val1 ) no veil to h9d] or int]v5e4 ,! gr[? ( fai?1 !n1 means ! gradual increase ( ?is p]sonal contact1 ?is spiritual intimacy betwe5 ,fa!r & son4 ,to a*ieve ?is increas+ appreh5sion ( ! ,fa!r's "* & love1 fai? uses1 z in/rum5ts & z *annels1 all its natural faculties1 by :i* to br+ itself =w>d into action1 & ?r\gh :i* to receive ! communications1 :i* arrive at x f ! he>t & w ( ,him1 ,:o1 on ,8 side1 uses all natural opportunities z ! mat]ial ( a spee*1 :i* is ev]1 z man's e> becomes s5sitive & al]t1 gr[+ m articulate1 & positive1 & p]sonal4 ,! entire human nature1--imag9ation1 reason1 feel+1 desire1--becomes to fai? a vehicle ( int]c\rse1 a m$iat+ aid 9 its fri5d%ip ) ,god4 ,b fai? itself lies deep] ?an all ! capacities ( :i* x makes use3 x is1 itself1 ! primal act ( ! elem5tal self1 !re at ! root ( life1 :]e ! be+ is yet :ole & entire1 a s+le p]sonal individuality1 unbrok5 & undivid$4 ,fai?1 :i* is ! g]m9al act ( our love = ,god1 is an act ( ! :ole self1 !re :]e x is "o1 be=e x has p>t$ (f into :at we c r\ghly describe z sep>ate & di/+ui%able faculties4 ,x !re=e uses1 n "o or o!r ( ! faculties1 b all2 & 9 a s5se x uses !m all at once1 j z any complete motion ( w1 or ( love1 acts ) all ! unit$ =ce ( _m comb9$ faculties4 ,a p]fect act ( love w\ld comb9e1 into a s+le movem5t1 ! entire sum ( faculties1 j because x proce$s f t basal self1 :i* is ! sub/ance & unity ( !m all4 ,s ) fai?4 ,fai?1 ! act ( a will+ adhesion to ,god ! ,fa!r1 proce$s f a s\rce deep] ?an ! po9t at :i* faculties divide4 ,& ?is has a mo/ vital be>+ on ! "q ( fai?'s evid5ces4 ,x is "h we t\* on ! crucial *>act]i/ic :i* det]m9es all our logical & argum5tative position4 ,=1 if a movem5t ( fai? spr+s f a s\rce ant]ior to ! di/9ct division ( faculties1 !n no "o faculty c adequately acc\nt = ! resultant action4 ,ea* faculty1 9 its sep>ate /age1 c acc\nt = "o elem5t1 = "o factor1 :i* contribut$ to ! result3 & t elem5t1 t factor1 may be ( great] or less importance1 accord+ to ! rank ( ! faculty 9 ! entire self4 ,b1 if ! movem5t ( fai? has also includ$ & involv$ _m o!r elem5ts :i* appe>1 :5 analys$ out1 9 ! doma9s ( ! o!r faculties2 !n ! acc\nt :i* ea* sep>ate faculty c give ( ! :ole act1 c nev] be m ?an p>tial4 ,its evid5ce mu/ be incomplete4 ,if ! c5tral self has ga!r$ its mom5tum f _m *annels1 x is obvi\s t ! am\nt contribut$ by any "o *annel w be unable to ju/ify ! =ce ex]t$1 or to expla9 ! ev5t t foll[$4 ,if we track home ea* faculty employ$ to ?is c5tral spr+ ( en]gy1 we %all see t ea* po9ts to ! result1 contributes to x1 sugge/s x2 b ! result w always be m ?an ! evid5ce1 s collect$1 c w>rant4 ,?is limitation1 :i* we may all[ ab\t o!r faculties1 is apt to become a /umbl+-block :5 we apply x to ! high gift ( reason4 ,reason1 someh[1 seems to u to rise into "s supreme & indep5d5t ?rone2 x reviews ! o!r faculties2 & is1 !re=e1 free f _! limitations4 ,we fe> to h9t t x has any "l ov] x4 ,h[ c we assume su* a lord%ip )\t dubb+ ourselves irrational obscuranti/s1 :o 9 folly try to /amp out ! light8 ,b we are n1 9 reality1 dream+ ( limit+ reason by any limitations except ^? :i* x makes = itself4 ,we are n viol5tly attempt+ to make reason /op %ort at any po9t1 :]e x c\ld g on4 ,we are only ask+1 is !re any po9t at :i* x /ops ( itself1 & _c g fur!r8 ,we propose to use reason "r out1 to press x to its utmo/ limit1 to spur x to put =? all its p[]s2 & we ass]t t1 s do+1 reason w1 at la/1 reveal its inability to get "r to ! end1 to c>ry cle> home4 ,& :y8 ,because ! self is n only rational b some?+ m3 x comb9es1 ) its unbrok51 c5tral individuality1 o!r elem5ts besides reason3 & !re=e1 ( %e] necessity1 :5ev] t c5tral self puts out an elem5tal act 9 :i* ! integral spr+ ( p]sonal en]gy takes "p1--su* z an act ( w1 or love1 or fai?1--!n1 reason c be b "o factor1 b "o elem5t1 h[ev] important1 9 t issu+ act3 & if s1 !n x c give b a p>tial acc\nt ( x2 its own contribution c n :olly expla91 or ju/ify ! result4 ,9 ,bi%op ,butl]'s language1 ! utmo/ t reason c d is to make x 'v probable4' ,! real root-"q 9 ?is "t-worn controv]sy is j ?is3 is1 or is n1 reason ! mo/ primal & elem5tal act ( ! integral p]sonality8 ,if x is1 !n1 ( c\rse1 x regulates & det]m9es all subord9ate acts4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ f9ally submit to its arbitration3 = ev]y?+1 if track$ back f> en\gh1 mu/ t]m9ate 9 an act ( reason4 ,b if1 z ,*ri/ianity ass]ts1 ! ultimate & elem5tal self be a moral w1 t c believe1 & love1 !n1 ?\gh ?is self conta9s 9 x reason1 x also goes back beh9d reason4 ,reason is inde$ "o ( its ess5tial elem5ts1 b x is n its entire ess5ce1 = ?is includes )9 itself1 t :i* appe>s z feel+1 & desire1 & imag9ation1 & *oice1 & passion1 z well z t :i* %[s itself z reason4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! self puts out its primitive p[]1 x w d actions :i* satisfy reason1 inde$1 b :i* reason _c exhau/ively analyse1 or int]pret1 s9ce ! entire =ce ( reason1 if x 7 all br\ght into action1 w\ld /ill be only a p>tial contribution to ! effect4 ,z a fact1 we all ( u are p]fectly famili> ) ?is limitation1 9 affairs ( affection & fri5d%ip4 ,we nev] h "h t p>alys+ awe ( reason1 :i* haunts u 9 matt]s ( religion4 ,we nev] all[ ourselves to be bulli$ into submission to its supremacy4 ,we %\ld laugh at x1 if x attempt$ to dictate to u2 or to acc\nt = all our motives4 ,n t we are at w> ) x3 or are %irk+ x3 or are afraid ( x4 ,we c h affections & fri5d%ips1 :i* h e possible ju/ification :i* reason c (f]4 ,e conceivable exp$i5cy c unite to au?orise & approve !m4 ,e int]e/ may be s]v$ by !m4 ,!y may /& e te/ :i* a cool common-s5se1 or a calm imp>tial judgm5t1 or an acute calculation ( consequ5ces c apply to !m4 ,!y may be ! v embodim5t ( reason4 ,& yet1 by no am\nt ( calculat$ exp$i5cies1 by no pressure ( rational consid]ations1 c\ld we dream1 = "o mom5t1 t our fri5d%ip 0 acc\nt$ =4 ,if ev] x c\ld trace its orig9 to ^! motives1 x w\ld cease to be :at we ?\ght x4 ,! discov]y w\ld de/roy x4 ,all possible consid]ations & calculations might h be5 pres5t1 & yet !y w\ld be utt]ly p[]less to create 9 u ! love4 ,& ! love1 h[ev] gladly x may recognise ! approv+ consid]ations1 w\ld repudiate1 ) amazem5t1 & ) laught]1 any presumption on _! "p to say1 '?is is :y y love4' ,x is ! same ) all primal acts ( h]oism4 ,!y may be absolutely rational3 yet1 !y w\ld cease to be h]oic1 !y w\ld nev] be done1 if !y did n call ^u a =ce1 :i*1 inde$1 may det]m9e its direction by reason1 b :i* uses q o!r motives to induce itself to act4 ,utilit>ianism1 :i* attempts to acc\nt = su* h]oic mom5tum by purely rational consid]ations1 f9ds itself r$uc$ to %ifts :i* all ^? c see ?r\gh1 :o refuse to be juggl$ out ( _! own exp]i5ces4 ,x is ! same ) all ! high] =ms ( moral en]gy4 ,all ( !m g beyond _! evid5ces4 ,!y all lift ! rational motives1 :i* sugge/ & det]m9e ! direction ( _! activity1 by an impulsive =ce1 :i* has 9 x ! p[] ( initiative1 ( orig9ation4 ,e high act ( w is a new creation4 ,z ! gunp[d] sleeps1 until ! sp>k alights ^u x1 s ! directions ( reason rema9 bel[ ! level ( action1 until ! jet ( a liv+ w fuses its fire ) _! mat]ial4 ,! act :i* results may1 inde$1 be capable ( complete int]pretation on reasonable gr\nds3 x may be able to %[ reasons :i* acc\nt = e fragm5t ( x3 yet1 /ill1 ! liv+ =ce :i* drew toge!r1 & comb9$ all ^? sep>ate reasons into a s+le resultant act1 has a creative & orig9al "*4 ,! s]ies ( reasons1 h[ev] complete1 _c acc\nt = ! result1 = !y _c possibly acc\nt = _! own comb9ation3 & )\t ?is comb9ation ( _! mom5tum ! result w\ld n be !re4 ,x is well to recall briefly ?is "* ( ! moral w1 ! affections1 ! love1 ( man4 ,= ^! are fai?'s ne>e/ & de>e/ allies4 ,x is "h1 9 ^! elem5tal motions1 t fai? f9ds its close/ p>allel4 ,x is some?+ v l an act ( w1 a movem5t ( love1 an h]oic & *ivalr\s moral v5ture4 ,& :5ev] we desire to und]/& its relations to reason1 we mu/ p]si/5tly recall ! attitude t[>ds reason tak5 by ^! fundam5tal =ms ( en]gy2 only rememb]+ t fai? is yet m elem5tal1 yet m completely ! act ( ! c5tral integral self1 ev5 ?an ^!4 ,:]e !y leave reason beh9d1 x w d s yet fur!r4 ,:]e !y call ^u some?+ deep]1 & m primitive ?an reason1 x w d ! same1 & yet m triumphantly4 ,x is n t ei!r x or !y are )\t reason3 or t !y /& outside reason1 consult+ x s f> z !y *oose1 & !n dropp+ x2 x is n t reason may n be f\nd 9 e corn] & fragm5t ( _! activity1 p]vad+1 col\r+1 re/ra9+1 limit+1 direct+1 ju/ify+ x3 b simply t :at we call ! rational self is n only rational1 b also some?+ m3 t1 if analys$ out1 ! reason w n appe> z ! root & core ( ! man1 b r z an elem5t inh]+ 9 a yet m c5tral base3 & t :5ev] ! en]gy ( vital action is put out1 we are driv5 to look ?r\gh & beyond reason1 if we w\ld une>? ! s\rce :5ce ! act spr+s4 ,! relation1 !n1 ( reason to fai? is n /range1 or =c$1 or unfamili> to u1 if x is mu* ! same z its relation to ! affections1 or to moral acts & intuitions4 ,we "k :at to expect1 :at "p x ought to play 9 su* a case4 ,z 9 a case ( h]oic moral d>+1 or high affection1 s1 9 a matt] ( fai?1 we %all expect t reason1 ) its argum5ts & its evid5ces1 w play all r\nd & ab\t x1 w g be=e x1 discuss+ ! pa? to foll[1 w foll[ aft] x1 unravell+ ! secret =ces at "w 9 x3 w wat*1 & analyse1 & le>n1 & w>n2 w reconnoitre1 & exam9e1 & survey1 & discov]3 w ju/ify1 int]pret1 def5d1 assi/4 ,b yet we %all expect1 also1 t ! act ( fai? w d m ?an all ! argum5ts c anticipate3 t x w hold itself free f !m all3 t x w appeal1 n to !m1 b to its own inh]5t =ce1 = ! f9al decision3 t x w move by in/9ct1 by spontaneity1 by inspiration3 t x w ru% pa/ all evid5ces1 9 "s great /ride2 t x w bru% ?r\gh scruples t _c be ga9said1 & ob/acles t _c be got ov]2 t x w surprise1 t x w outdo1 t x w create2 t x w br+ novel =ces into play1 invisible1 unacc\ntable1 incalculable2 t x w fly1 :5 reason walks2 t x w laugh1 :5 reason trembles3 t x w ov]-leap b>ri]s :i* reason deems f9al4 ,z ) love1 s ) fai?1 x w take 9 all evid5ces1 x w li/5 to all pro(s2 b :5 !y h done _! utmo/1 x has yet got to beg92 x itself1 aft] all its calculations1 mu/ make ! actual spr+1 :i* is ! decision4 ,out ( itself1 x draws its /r5g?3 out ( itself x makes its ef=t2 by be+ :at x is1 x sees :at x sees1 x does :at x does4 ,x uses ! evid5ce2 b uses x to leap f1 to g fur!r4 ,its motives1 advances1 ef=ts1 issue f )9 itself4 ,j z ! lov]'s f9al answ] to ! "q1 ':y did y d t8' mu/ be1 'because ,i lov$'2 s ! f9al answ] ( ! believ]1 9 explanation ( an act1 c nev] be wrung out ( ! reasonable gr\nds = s act+2 x mu/ always be 'because ,i believ$4' ,j z man fir/ acts1 & speaks1 & reason1 foll[+ beh9d1 c at la/ discov] t 8 actions 7 all consecutive1 & t 8 language has a p]fect gramm>2 s fai? has always to make its v5ture1 prompt$ & inspir$ f )91 & only long aft]w>ds c x expect to le>n t if x has be5 true to itself1 to its prop] prompt+s1 !n its action c1 by sl[ & plodd+ reason1 be ?or\ghly int]pret$ & ju/ifi$4 ,fai? is1 above all ?+s1 anticipatory4 ,! son%ip1 )91 anticipates :at ! ,fa!r has 9 /ore = x3 by means ( affection1 by rapid in/9cts ( love1 x assumes :at x _c yet v]ify1 x =etells ! secrets t lie hidd5 )9 ! ,fa!r's eyes4 ,s anticipat+1 x makes its v5ture2--a v5ture :i* love alone c und]/& & ju/ify1 ?\gh ! fai?fulness ( ! et]nal & supreme ,fa!r ensures t ! anticipation %all receive its full v]ification4 ,if ?is be ! relation ( fai? to reason1 we see ! explanation ( :at seems1 at fir/ sight1 to ! philosoph]1 to be ! mo/ irritat+ & hypocritical *>act]i/ic ( fai?4 ,x is always %ift+ its intellectual def5ces4 ,x adopts ?is or t fa%ion ( philosophical apology2 & !n1 :5 ?is is %att]$ by "s novel sci5tific g5]alisation1 fai?1 probably aft] a passionate /ruggle to reta9 ! old position1 sudd5ly & gaily ab&ons x1 & takes up ) ! new =mula1 j z if no?+ _h happ5$3 x discov]s t ! new =mula is admirably adapt$ = its purposes1 & is1 9 fact1 j :at x always meant1 only x has un=tunately omitt$ to m5tion x4 ,s x goes on1 aga9 & aga92 & no wond] t ! philosoph]s gr[l at ^? humbugs1 ! cl]gy6 ,b !y are criticis+ fai? z if x 7 a !ory1 z if k 7 its prov9ce1 :ile1 9 tru?1 ! seat ( fai? lies back beh9d ! region ( k4 ,its radical acts & motives are indep5d5t ( any p>ticul> condition ( ?\ght or sci5ce3 !y are deep] recess$2 !y exi/ 9 _! own "r1 & "u _! own conditions4 ,true1 !y may n be able to express !mselves1 to get _! en]gies =w>d1 to set !mselves free1 to manife/ !mselves1 except ?r\gh ! m$iation ( k1--?r\gh ! in/rum5ts & *annels :i* ! sci5ce ( ! day provides !m4 ,b ?is does n confuse _! inh]5t & di/9ct "*4 ,!y nev] id5tify !mselves ) ! tools !y use4 ,!y sit q loose to ! p>ticul> /ate ( ?\ght1 ! =mula1 ! t]ms1 ?r\gh :i* !y make _! way out into action4 ,&1 moreov]1 s9ce ! acts ( fai? are m radical ?an ^? ( reason1 & s9ce !y belong to ! entire man act+ 9 8 integrity1 !y !re=e ( necessity anticipate1 9 _! degree1 all t ! man1 by sl[ developm5t1 by ! pati5t indu/ry ( reason+1 w labori\sly disclose4 ,ly+ deep] ?an all k1 !y hold 9 !m ! condition "u :i* all k w be arriv$ at4 ,!y con/itute ! activity :i* ought to be at ! backgr\nd ( all our reason+4 ,no p>ticul> or p>tial /ate ( k c exhau/ _! significance4 ,ea* /ep k makes does b illu/rate1 9 "s new fa%ion1 ! relation ( all k to fai?--does b elucidate ! *>act]i/ics ( t primal son%ip4 ,9 ea* fre% discov]y or g5]alisation1 fai? f9ds a new in/rum5t = express+ its old convictions2 x is taught to see ! weak po9ts1 ! imp]fections ( its =m] expressions2 x und]/&s :]e !y hold good1 & :]e !y fail$2 x gets out m ( itself ?an ev] be=e1 ?r\gh ! new *annels op5$ to x2 x discov]s m ( its own "* by f9d+ bett] modes 9 :i* to manife/ x4 ,x does b half "k itself1 s long z its expression is encumb]$4 ,! advance ( secul> k1 !n1 is = fai?1 an acquir$ ga93 = by x1 x kn[s itself bett]2 x sees m ( :at 0 involv$ 9 its vital convictions4 ,x has a /ruggle1 no d\bt1 9 dropp+ (f ! expressions t h gr[n famili> to x1 & 9 detect+ ! fre% insight into its own nature :i* x c w9 by ! new t]m9ology3 b :5 once x has ma/]$ ! t]ms1 new lights break out ^u x1 new sugge/ions fla%1 new capacities disclose !mselves4 ,x has won a new tool3 :5 x has become famili>is$ ) ! use ( x1 x c d great & unexpect$ ?+s ) x4 ,b1 = all t1 x is b a new tool1 work$ by ! old convictions2 !y h n *ang$1 any m ?an love *anges1 ?\gh ! sl[ developm5t ( m>ri$ life may c>ry ! lov]s into unkn[n exp]i5ces1 9 =eign l&s1 "u *ang$ skies4 ,! two1 if !y be fai?ful1 le>n f> m ( :at ! love !y plight$ means1 z ea* sweep+ revolution c>ries !m hi!r & ?i!r1 ?an ev] !y und]/ood on ! w$d+ day2 yet x is ev] ! old love !n pl$g$1 :i* !y hold fa/ to ! end4 ,its id5tity is emphasis$ by ! *anges4 ,s ) fai?4 ,x may absorb its en]gies 9 ! joy ( wield+ ! p>ticul> in/rum5t ) :i*1 at any "o mom5t1 sci5ce supplies x4 ,b x w nev] ! lea/ fe> to drop x1 s soon z ! advanc+ skill & ! pu%+ m9ds ( m5 h elaborat$ = x "s yet m delicate & subtle tool1 :]e) to give free play to its native vitalities4 ,= fai? is mov$ by b "o solit>y passion--! hope ( cleav+1 clos] & ev] clos]1 to ! be+ ( ,god4 ,x is1 itself1 no?+ b ?is act ( p]sonal adh]5ce1 ( p]sonal cohesion2 & all else is1 = x1 mat]ial t c be subdu$ to ?is s+le s]vice4 ,ea* bett]+ ( k int5sifies ! possibilities ( ?is cohesion2 &1 = t1 x is welcom$4 ,x op5s out fre% aspects ( ! good ,fa!r3 x uncov]s new treasures ( ,8 wisdom3 !re=e1 = fai?1 x is an ev]-m\nt+ ladd]1 by :i* x draws ne>] & ne>]1 _s to _s1 he>t to he>t4 ,no idle or indiff]5t matt] ?is2 & "r k1 !re=e1 is = fai?1 a s]i\s & press+ ne$4 ,&1 moreov]1 fai? is pl$g$ to use all possible guidance & direction 9 mak+ its great act ( self-surr5d] to ,god4 ,& x is ! peculi> (fice ( reason1 & ( ! rational consci5ce1 to gu>d x f any di/ort$ & unwor?y v5ture4 ,fai? has to make its leap2 b to make x exactly 9 t direction1 & 9 no o!r1 :]e reason po9ts ! way4 ,x is b\nd !re=e to use all its intellig5t res\rces3 x may n fall bel[ ! level ( its highe/ reason )\t ! risk ( s9k+ to a sup]/ition4 ,?is is ! radical diff]5ce betwe5 :at we "h claim1 & t :i* a sup]/ition dem&s ( u4 ,a sup]/ition asks fai? to %ut its eyes4 ,we ask x to op5 !m z wide z x c4 ,we dem& ?is ( x z a positive duty4 ,x is b\nd1 z an act ( ! :ole man1 to use e conceivable means & security :i* k c br+ x4 ,= s alone c x secure itself aga9/ ! haz>ds :i* encompass its adv5ture4 ,x _c af=d to ent] on t v5tur\s committal ( itself less equipp$ & in/ruct$ ?an x 0 op5 to x to be4 ,x mu/ put all to use t c bett] its (f] ( itself to ,god4 ,x is1 9 ?is s]i\sness1 t fai? is apt to embrace s fa/ ! dom9ant sci5tific or philosophical cre$4 ,x has f\nd1 ?r\gh ?is cre$1 a new & ?rill+ insight into ,god's m9d1 & x fa/5s on ?is preci\s gift2 & dwells delight$ly on x1 & sp5ds itself 9 absorb+ ! peculi> tru?s :i* ?is p>ticul> way ( ?9k+ br+s to ! front4 ,s t1 at la/1 :5 ! sma% comes1 :5 ! floods break 91 :5 ! accumulation ( new facts outside ! old l9es necessitates a total recon/ruction ( ! intellectual fabric1 fai? seems to h gone "u ) ! ru9$ s*eme to :i* x _h atta*$ itself s firmly4 ,yet1 if ev] x has implicat$ its own fate ) t ( any p>ticul> =m ( k1 x has be5 false to itself4 ,x has no m "r to id5tify itself ) any intellectual situation ?an x has to p9 its =tunes to ^? ( any political dyna/y4 ,its et]nal task lies 9 rapid readju/m5t to ea* fre% situation1 :i* ! motion ( "t may disclose to x4 ,x has t 9 x :i* c apply to all1 & le>n f all4 ,its id5tity is n lo/1 because its expressions v>y & %ift3 = its id5tity lies deep 9 p]sonality2 & p]sonality is t :i* te/ifies to its own id5tity by ! v>iety & ! rapidity ( its self-adaptation to ! *anges ( circum/ance4 ,s ) fai?4 ,its old] int]pretations ( itself are n false1 because ! new] situations h call$ = diff]5t manife/ations4 ,ea* situation =ces a new aspect to ! front4 ,b ev] x is ,god & ! s\l1 :i* recognise ea* o!r "u e disguise4 ,n[ x is 9 "o fa%ion & n[ 9 ano!r3 b x is always "o unalt]able wisdom :i* is ju/ifi$1 recognis$1 & lov$1 by ^? :o are h] *ildr54 ,we w n1 !n1 be ! lea/ afraid ( ! taunt1 t we are all accept+ & deliv]+ f our pulpits t :i* once ?rew u into ang] & dismay4 ,only let u le>n our true lesson2 &1 9 our zeal to appreciate ! wond]s ( ,evolution1 let u hold ourselves prep>$ = ! day :i* is b\nd to come1 :5 aga9 ! ga!r+ facts w clam\r = a fre% g5]alisation3 & ! :eel w give "o m turn2 & ! new man w cat* sight ( ! vision :i* is prep>+2 & ! new book w />tle2 & ! new b& ( y\?ful pr(essors w d5\nce & demoli% our pres5t h]oes2 & all ! reviews & magaz9es w yelp 9 *orus at _! heels1 proclaim+ l\dly t n[1 at la/ & = ev]1 ! fai?1 :i* has pl$g$ itself s deeply to ! obsolete & discr$it$ !ory ( ,evolution1 is inde$ dead & done )4 ,fai? w survive t crisis1 z x has surviv$ s _m be=e3 b x w be some?+1 if x does n drag beh9d x ! evil record ( passion1 & bl9dness1 ) :i* x has too (t5 disgrac$ its unwill+ passage f tru? to tru?4 ,,iv4 ,b "h our objections take1 p]haps1 a new turn altoge!r4 ',ah1 yes6' x w be said2 'fai?1 if x 7 a simple surr5d] ( ! s\l to ,god1 a *ildlike adhesion ( ! spiritual son%ip 9 u to its ,fa!r1 ,:o is 9 heav51 might sit loose to all =mul1 !ories1 discov]ies1 9 ! way describ$4 ,fai?1 if x limit$ itself to ?is my/ical communion1 might be beyond ! scope & criticism ( reason4 ,b ?is is n ! lea/ :at y really ask ( u4 ,! fai?1 = :i* y practically plead1 ! only =m ( fai? actually op5 to u1 has ra%ly left ^! safe conf9es3 x has implicat$ itself ) a va/ body ( facts record$ 9 a book4 ,x has involv$ itself 9 intricate /atem5ts ( dogma4 ,h[ c y claim to be free f ! control ( logic & criticism1 9 ?+s s directly op5 to logical treatm5t8 ,?is spiritual fai? ( y\rs has mix$ itself up ) ali5 matt]1 ) hi/orical incid5ts1 ) intellectual def9itions3 "h are ?+s ( evid5ce & pro(4 ,"h its locks are %orn2 its my/ic /r5g? is gone4 ,delilah holds x fa/2 x is a prison] 9 ! h&s ( ! ,phili/9es4 ,if y w retreat aga9 back into ! region ( simple spiritual intuitions1 & ab&on to reason ?is debatable l&1 h[ gladly w\ld we foll[ y6 ,b t is j :at y refuse to d4' ,n[1 "h is ! s]i\s mom5t = u ( to-day4 ,x is q true t all w\ld be pla9 & easy1 if we might be all[$ to make ?is retreat--if we might limit our claims = ! _s to t simple *ildlike intuition :i*1 in/9ctively1 feels aft]1 & surr5d]s to1 ! good ,fa!r 9 heav54 ,b :at w\ld t retreat mean8 ,x w\ld mean an attempt1 desp]ate & bl9d1 to turn back ! _w's /ory1 to ignore ! facts1 to ov]-leap ! di/9ctions ( "t & place1 to d5y exp]i5ce1 to =ce ourselves back into primitive days1 to imag9e ourselves *ildr5 aga94 ,simple intuitions ( ,god1 simple communion ) ! ,fa!r1 unque/ion$1 undi/ract$1--?is is ! privilege ( primitive days1 :5 m9ds are simple1 :5 exp]i5ce is simple1 :5 society is simple4 ,pla91 easy1 & direct situations admit ( pla91 easy1 & direct h&l+4 ,b our situation is n pla91 easy1 or direct4 ,our m9ds are intricate & complicat$2 our /ory has be5 a long & a difficult "o2 our social condition is ! p]plex$ deposit ( age-long exp]i5ces4 ,! fai?1 :i* is to be ours to-day1 mu/ be a fai? ( to-day4 ,x _c rema9 at ! level ( *ildhood1 :5 no?+ else 9 u or ab\t u is ! lea/ *ildlike4 ,x _c babble out 9 pretty baby-language1 :5 ! situation ) :i* x has to deal is t]ribly e>ne/1 s]i\s1 p]il\s1 & int5se4 ,x mu/ be level ) its "w2 & its "w is complicat$1 h>d1 discipl9$3 h[ c x expect to accompli% x )\t ef=t1 )\t pa91 )\t tra9+1 )\t intricacy8 ,! _w is old2 human life is old2 & fai? is old also4 ,x has _h _m a /range & /ormy exp]i5ce2 x has le>n$ mu* on ! way2 x has ab\t x ! m>ks ( old tr\bles2 ! c>e1 ! pati5ce1 ! complet5ess ( age1 h left _! /amp ^u x4 ,x has _h a hi/ory1 l ev]y?+ else2 & x rea*es u to-day1 9 a =m :i* t hi/ory beh9d x c alone make intelligible4 ,f\r ?\s& ye>s h gone to its mak+--s9ce ,abraham fir/ laid hold1 9 a def9ite & consi/5t mann]1 ( ! fai? :i* is ours to-day4 ,all ^? c5turies x has be5 putt+ itself toge!r1 gr[+1 enri*+ itself1 develop+1 z x fac$ & measur$ ea* new issue1 ea* ga!r+ complication1 ea* press+ haz>d4 ,?is long exp]i5ce has built up fai?'s hi/ory3 &1 by /udy ( t hi/ory1 we c "k :y x 0 t fai? c\ld n /& /ill at t po9t :]e we %\ld f9d x s conv5i5t to re/4 ,fai? appeals to its own /ory to ju/ify its c>e]2 x be>s ab\t t hi/ory ) x z its explanation1 :y1 & h[ x has arriv$ at its pres5t condition4 ,t hi/ory is its pro( h[ f> x has left its fir/ *ildhood beh9d x1 h[ impossible x is1 at ! end ( ! days1 to return to ! beg9n+4 ,! hi/ory1 :i* con/itutes our difficulty1 is its own answ]4 ,= !re1 9 t ,bible1 lies ! record$ /ory ( ! facts :i* press$ h>d ^u ! e>lie/ intuition ( ,god1 & drove x =w>d1 & compell$ x to fix itself1 & to def9e itself1 & to take a firm] root1 & to make = itself a secure dwell+-place1 & to %ape = itself a c>e]4 ,! ,bible is ! apology :i* our fai? c>ries ) x1 & (f]s z a pro( ( ! necessity :i* has =c$ x to g beyond its primitive ef=ts1 until x has rea*$ ! /age at :i* we n[ enc\nt] x4 ,x portrays !re1 be=e our eyes1 h[ x all began2 h[ !re came to ?is man & to t1 ! simple augury1 ! presage1 ! spasm ( spiritual insight1 ! fla%1 ! glimpse1 ! intimation2 until !re came ! man1 ,abraham1 9 :om x won ! emphasis1 ! solidity1 ! p[]1 ( a call4 ',oh6 t we might be cont5t to feel1 z he1 ! pres5ce ( ! ,ev]la/+6 ,:y n leave u 9 peace1 we cry1 ) ! simple fai? ( ,abraham8' ,& ! answ] is pla93 'because x is ! n9ete5? c5tury aft] ,*ri/1 in/ead ( ! n9ete5? c5tury be=e4' ,we are mak+ a mi/ake ( dates4 ,let u turn to our ,bible & read4 ,!re we wat* ! reasons disclos+ !mselves :y t simple fai? c\ld n abide 9 arre/ at its fir/ mom5t2 :y x mu/ op5 a new c>e]1 ) new duties1 & new responsibilities1 & new problems4 ,! se$ is s[n1 b x has to gr[2 to make good its foot+ amid ! ?ick ( human affairs2 to root itself 9 ! soil ( human hi/ory2 to spread itself out 9 in/itutions2 to pu% its dom9ion2 to wid5 its range2 to become a tree t w fill ! l&4 ,be=e ,abraham1 x 0 b a fly+ se$1 bl[n by ! w9ds2 n[1 x is a /able1 cont9u\s1 ma/]ful gr[?4 ,x mu/ be ?is1 if x is ev] to make effective its spiritual ass]tions ov] ! increas+ intricacy ( human affairs4 ,:at1 let u ask1 is t life ( fai? :i* hi/orically began ) ,abraham8 ,x is a fri5d%ip1 an intimacy1 betwe5 man & ,god1 betwe5 a son & a fa!r4 ,su* an intimacy _c be idle or /agnant2 x _c arre/ its in/9ctive developm5t4 ,x holds 9 x inf9ite possibilities ( gr[?3 ( increas+ famili>ity1 ( multipli$ communion4 ,&1 ?us1 su* a fri5d%ip creates a /ory ( its own2 x has its j>s1 its frictions1 its entanglem5ts2 alas6 on "o side1 its lapses1 its qu>rels1 its blund]s1 its misund]/&+s3 & !n1 on ! o!r1 its correspond+ indignations1 & )drawals1 & rebukes2 & yet aga91 its reconciliations1 its reactions1 its p>dons1 its victories4 ,ev] x moves =w>d on its *equ]$ pa?3 ev] ,god1 ! good ,fri5d1 sp5ds ,himself 9 recov]+ ! intimacy1 9 r5ew+ x1 9 purg+ x1 9 rais+ x4 ,its conditions exp&3 its dem&s int5sify3 its p]ils deep53 its glories ga!r3 until x consummates its ef=t 9 ! p]fect$ communion ( ,god & man--9 ,him1 ,:o completes & closes ! /ory ( ?is ev]-gr[+ intimacy1 by t act ( supreme condesc5sion :i* br+s d[n ,god to inhabit & possess ! he>t ( man3 & by t act ( supreme exaltation1 :i* uplifts man into absolute union ) ! ,god ,:o made him4 ,?is is ! /ory3 ! ,bible is its record4 ,z a body ( incid5ts & facts x mu/ be subject to all ! conditions ( hi/ory & ! laws ( evid5ce2 z a writt5 record x introduces a sw>m ( que/ions1 :i* c be sift$ & decid$ by rational criticism4 ,?is entails complications1 x mu/ be confess$2 b !y are inevitable4 ,! intimacy betwe5 man & ,god _c advance1 except ?r\gh ! pressure ( connect$ & record$ exp]i5ce4 ,a human society :i* has no record ( its pa/ is robb$ ( its future4 ,x is savage3 x _c g =w>d1 because x _c look back4 ,s ) ?is div9e fri5d%ip4 ,its record$ exp]i5ces are ! "o condition ( its gr[?4 ,)\t !m x mu/ always be beg9n+ afre%3 x mu/ rema9 imprison$ at ! />t+-po/4 ,! l5g? & complexity ( its record is ! measure ( its progress2 ev5 ?\gh !y mu/ pres5t1 at ! same "t1 a l>g] surface to ! h&l+ ( criticism1 & may involve a deep] degree ( obscurity 9 details4 ,&1 aft] all1 ?\gh details drawn out ( a dead pa/ p]mit obscurity1 ! nature & "* ( ! ma9 issue become ev] m fix$ & di/9ct1 z ! long roll ( circum/ances discloses its ri*] secrets4 ,! v %ift & confusion ( ! surface-mat]ial ?r[s out1 9 emphatic contra/1 ! firm outl9es ( ! ga!r+ & gr[+ my/]y4 ,ev] ! advance proce$s1 ?r[+ (f all t is accid5tal1 immat]ial1 subs]vi5t3 ev] man becomes cle>] 9 8 recognition ( ! claims made on him by ! hope :i* ,god keeps ev] be=e ,him1 ',!y %all be my p3 ,i w be _! ,god4' ,ev] ! necessities ( su* an intimate affection po9t to ! com+ ( ! ,*ri/4 ,*ri/ is ! end1 ! sum1 ! completion1 ( ?is hi/oric fri5d%ip3 & ,8 adv5t is1 !re=e1 absolutely un9telligible unless x is held 9 relation to ! long exp]i5ce1 :i* ,he int]prets1 ju/ifies1 & fulfils4 ,fai? 9 ,*ri/ is ! la/ result1 ! ultimate & p]fect$ condition ( t fai? ( ,abraham1 :i* enabl$ him to become ! fir/ fri5d ( ,god4 ,& ! imm5se exp]i5ce t lay betwe5 ,abraham & ,/4 ,paul1 c alone bridge ! int]val1 c alone exhibit ! sl[ & labori\s evolution1 ?r\gh :i* ! primitive appreh5sion ( ,god 0 trans=m$ into ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$--t mighty trans=mation1 spread out ov] two ?\s& ye>s ( v>i$ hi/ory1 :i* our ,"l summ$ up 9 ! lightn+-fla%1 ',y\r fa!r ,abraham rejoic$ to see my day3 & he saw x1 & 0 glad4' ,! ,book is ! record ( ^? te/$ & c]tifi$ exp]im5ts1 :i* ju/ifi$ our ,"l 9 ass]t+ t to believe 9 ,god 01 necess>ily1 to believe 9 ,him4 ,no "o c und]/& t ass]tion1 unless by see+ x work$ out1 9 detail1 by ! se>*+ logic ( exp]i5ce4 ,fai? 9 ,*ri/1 !n1 includes fai? 9 ! ,bible3 &1 9 say+ t1 we h already cle>$ away mu* ( ! difficulty t beset u4 ,= our fai? 9 ,*ri/ becomes ! measure & /&>d ( our fai? 9 ! ,bible4 ,we believe 9 x z ! record ( our gr[+ intimacy ) ,god4 ,fai? is1 /ill1 a spiritual cohesion ( p]son ) p]son1--( ! liv+ s\l ) a liv+ ,god4 ,no details t int]v5e confuse ?is primitive relation4 ,only1 t cohesion 0 n rea*$ at "o leap4 ,x is anci5t3 x has trav]s$ _m incid5ts & trials3 x has le>n$ mu*3 x has und]gone pati5t appr5tice%ip3 x has be5 bond$ by ! memory ( multitud9\s vicissitudes4 ,l all else t is human1 x has gr[n4 ,! details ( ev5ts are ! m$ia ( t gr[?4 ,9 t "* !y are vitally ess5tial to ! =m$ intimacy3 b 9 t "* alone4 ,!y are n valu$ = _! own sake2 b = ! cause :i* !y s]v$4 ,belief 9 ,god nev] *anges its "*1 & becomes belief 9 facts3 x only developes into a deep] & deep] belief 9 ,god1 z discipl9$ by facts4 ,! facts mu/ be real1 if ! discipl9e is to be real3 b1 ap>t f ?is necessity1 we are indiff]5t to !m4 ,we c li/5 to any?+ :i* hi/orical criticism has to tell u1 ( dates & au?or%ip2 ( "t & place4 ,x may supply all ! gaps 9 our record1 %[+ h[ ! mat]ial !re briefly ga!r$1 _h1 itself1 a /ory1 & sl[ly came toge!r1 & _h s\rces & associations else:]e4 ,all su* rese>* adds int]e/ to ! record1 z x op5s out to u ! action ( ! ,div9e ,intimacy1 9 lay+ hold ( its mat]ial4 ,we wat* x1 by ! aid ( su* criticism1 at its "w ( assimilation2 &1 9 uncov]+ its pr9ciples ( selection1 we appreh5d its inn] m9d3 we draw clos] to our ,god4 ,! m ne>ly we c ally ! e>ly conditions ( ,israel to ^? ( ,arabian nomads1 ! m delicate & r>e becomes our appreh5sion ( t div9e relation%ip1 :i*1 by its p]petual pressure1 lift$ ,israel to its m>vell\s supremacy1 & :i*1 by its abs5ce1 left ! ,arabian to be :at he is to-day4 ,! po9t at :i* criticism mu/ hold (f its h&s is1 ( c\rse1 a mo/ subtle matt] to decide4 ,b we c1 at lea/1 be sure ( ?is--t su* a po9t w be no arbitr>y "o2 x w be !re1 :]e criticism attempts to tr5* on ! reality & ! uniqu5ess ( ! ,div9e ,intimacy1 :i* ^? incid5ts s]v$ to fa%ion1 & ^? books detect$ & record$1 & ,*ri/ consummat$4 ,our fai? 9 ,*ri/ mu/ det]m9e :at1 9 ! ,bible1 is vital to its own v]acity4 ,!re is no o!r measure or rule ( :at we mean by inspiration4 ,! prep>ation = ,*ri/1 !n1 necessitates su* complications z ^!4 ,& ! "* ( ,8 adv5t int5sifi$ & ?ick5$ !m4 ,=1 :ile ask+ ( u ! pure/ =m ( spiritual adh]5ce1 ,he makes t dem& 9 a %ape :i* is imb$d$ ?r\gh\t 9 concrete hi/orical facts1 :i*1 z facts1 mu/ be subject to ! ?umb ( critical discussion1 & to all ! ext]nal h&l+ ( evid5ce & argum5t4 ,&1 !n1 on ! top ( ?is1 ,he has1 ( necessity1 rais$ ! "q ( ,8 own ,p]sonality to su* a pit* ( vital value1 t ! full =ce ( man's intellectual activities is drawn t[>ds its consid]ation1--is summon$ to contemplate1 & measure1 & appreh5d x1--is compell$ to exam9e & face its trem5d\s issues4 ,! supreme act ( p]sonal surr5d]1 = :i* ,*ri/ unhesitat+ly asks1 _c conceivably pass beyond its *ild-/age )\t =m+ a direct & urg5t *all5ge to ! intellect to say h[1 & :y1 su* an act c be ju/ifi$1 or su* a claim int]pret$4 ,no fai? c rea* to su* an absolute condition )\t f9d+ itself involv$ 9 anxieties1 p]ils1 problems1 complications4 ,its v absolut5ess is a provocation to ! que/ion+ & disput+ m9d1--to ! hesitat+ & scrupul\s w4 ,& ! result1 ! inevitable result1 ( su* a fai?--propos$1 z x 01 to a _w no long] "y & *ildlike1 b matur$1 old1 ?\ghtful1 exp]i5c$--is ! ,dogmatic ,cre$s4 ,we clam\r aga9/ ^! intellectual complications3 we cry out = ! simple primitive fai?4 ,b1 once aga91 x is a mi/ake ( dates4 ,we _c ask to be z if eighte5 c5turies _h dropp$ out1 unnotic$--z if ! m9d _h slumb]$ s9ce ! days ( ,*ri/1 & _h nev] ask$ a "q4 ,we _c hope to be 9 ! same condition aft] a "q has be5 ask$1 z we 7 be=e x _h ev] occurr$ to u to ask x4 ,! ,cre$s only record t c]ta9 que/ions h1 z a fact1 be5 ask$4 ,c\ld our _w be :at x is1 & n h ask$ !m8 ,^! difficulties ( a complicat$ fai? are only ! reflection ( ! difficulties ( a complicat$ life4 ,if1 z a fact1 we are engag$ 9 liv+ a life :i* is intricate1 subtle1 anxi\s1 !n any fai? :i* hopes to cov] & embrace t life1 _c escape ! necessity ( be+ intricate1 subtle1 & anxi\s also4 ,no *ild's cre$ c satisfy a man's ne$s1 hung]1 hopes1 anxieties4 ,if we are ask$ to ?r[ ov] ! complications ( our ,cre$s1 we mu/ beg ^? t ask u1 to beg9 by ?r[+ ov] ! complications ( ?is social & moral life4 ,b /ill1 ) ! ,cre$s z ) ! ,bible1 x is ! p]sonal intimacy ) ,god 9 ,*ri/ :i* alone is our conc]n4 ,we d n1 9 ! /rict s5se1 believe 9 ! ,bible1 or 9 ! ,cre$s3 we believe solely & absolutely 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,fai? is our liv+ act ( adh]5ce 9 ,him1 ( cohesion ) ,god4 ,b /ill1 once m1 we mu/ recognise t ?is act ( adhesion has a hi/ory3 x has gradually be5 tra9$ & p]fect$3 & ?is has be5 accompli%$ ?r\gh ! long & p]il\s exp]i5ces record$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 & x has be5 consummat$ 9 ! f9al seal+ ( ! p]fect$ intimacy atta9$ 9 ,him1 9 ,^: p]son x 0 realis$ & made possible = u3 & x has be5 gu>d$ & secur$ to u 9 ! face ( ! ov]:elm+ pressure ( eighte5 /rong1 /ormy1 & di/ract$ c5turies4 ,& !re=e x is t we n[ mu/ atta9 our cohesion ) ,god1 subject to all ! necessities laid ^u u by ! fact t we ent] on ! _w's /age at a late h\r1 :5 ! drama has already develop$ its plot & complicat$ its situations4 ,?is is :y we _c n[1 9 full view ( ! facts1 believe 9 ,*ri/1 )\t f9d+ t our belief includes ! ,bible & ! ,cre$s4 ,v4 ,fai? is1 /ill & always1 a spiritual intimacy1 a liv+ fri5d%ip ) ,god4 ,t is :at we mu/ be = ev] ass]t+4 ,t is ! key to all our problems2 & once sure ( ?is 9 all its be>+s1 we %all n be afraid ( a taunt :i* is apt to /+ especially ^? ( u :o are orda9$4 ,x is convey$1 9 its noble/ =m1 9 a book ( ,mr4 ,john ,morley's1 on ,compromise4 ,no "o c read t book )\t be+ ! bett] or ! worse = x4 ,! int5se =ce ( high moral convictions acts ^u u l a judgm5t4 ,x evokes ! deepe/ consci5ce 9 u to come =w>d1 & /& at t au/]e b> & ju/ify itself1 or1 9 fail+ to ju/ify itself1 s9k condemn$4 ,& 9 t book he asks ! old "q1 ) unequall$ p[]3 h[ c x possibly be hone/ = m5 to sign away _! reason at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree8--to commit !mselves to conclusions :i* !y _c h ma/]$--to anticipate be=eh& all t exp]i5ce may h to tea*8 ,9 committ+ !mselves to positions :i* any new k or discov]y may rev]se1 !y h =bidd5 !mselves ! free use ( _! critical faculties3 !y h resign$ _! intellectual consci5ce4 ,:at d we answ] to t sev]e arraignm5t8 ,surely we n[ "k well4 ,fai? is an affair ( p]sonal intimacy1 ( fri5d%ip1 ( w1 ( love3 &1 9 all su* cases1 we %\ld "k exactly :at to d ) language ( ?is type4 ,we %\ld laugh x out ( c\rt4 ,= x is language :i* does n belong to ?is region4 ,x is ! language1 x expresses ! temp]1 ( ! sci5tific /ud5t--a temp]1 an attitude specialis$ = a di/9ct purpose4 ,t purpose is "o ( gradual advance into regions z yet unt\*$ & unsuspect$--an advance :i* is = ev] *ang+ ! relations & classifications ( ^? already p>tially kn[n4 ,! temp] ess5tial to su* a purpose mu/ be prep>$ = discov]y1 = developm5t1 = ! unexpect$2 x is b\nd to be t5tative1 exp]im5tal1 hypo!tical--to be cool1 critical1 corrective4 ,x deals ) imp]sonal matt]2 & x mu/ itself1 !re=e1 be z f> z possible imp]sonal1 ab/ract1 non-moral1 )\t passion1 )\t individuality1 )\t a private int5tion1 or w1 or fix$ op9ion4 ,b su* a temp]1 p]fectly ju/ifi$ = sci5tific purposes1 is absolutely impot5t & b>r5 9 matt]s ( moral feel+ & practice4 ,! man :o br+s ?is temp] into play 9 affairs ( ! w1 or ! he>t1 or ! imag9ation1 9 cases ( affection1 fri5d%ip1 passion1 inspiration1 g5]osity1 9 ! ?+s ( home1 ( w>1 ( patriotism1 ( love1 is 9 ! wrong _w3 he is a liv+ blund]3 he has no cue1 no key1 no int]pretation4 ,he is simply absurd4 ,& religion /&s ) ^! affairs4 ,j z we see well en\gh t if love 7 approa*$ 9 ?is sci5tific _s1 x c\ld n ev5 beg91 s x is q z c]ta9 t1 if fai? 7 approa*$ 9 ?is _s1 x c\ld n ev5 beg94 ,mr4 ,morley has mix$ up two diff]5t worlds4 ,he is criticis+ t =m ( k1 :i* consi/s 9 spiritual appreh5sion ( ano!r's p]sonality ?r\gh ! :ole =ce ( a man's inh]5t1 & integral1 & p]sonal1 w & desire1 by ! /&>d ( ano!r =m ( k altoge!r1 :i* consi/s 9 gradual & exp]im5tal assimilation ( =eign & unkn[n matt] ?r\gh specialis$ organs ( critical obs]vation4 ,?is latt] k is b\nd to be z f> z possible empti$ ( p]sonal elem5ts4 ,b our k is no?+ if n p]sonal3 x is ! k :i* issues1 & issues only1 out ( ! p]sonal contact ( life ) life4 ,& ?is is :y x c af=d to anticipate ! future4 ,= a p]son is a consi/5t & integral :ole3 if y "k x at any "o po9t1 y "k x 9 a s5se at all po9ts4 ,! "o "*1 ! "o w1 disclose !mselves ?r\gh e p>tial expression1 & pass+ ge/ure1 & v>y+ act4 ,!re=e x is t1 :5 two p]sonalities draw t[>ds "o ano!r 9 ! t\* ( love1 !y c af=d to plight _! ^w4 ,= love is ! in/9ctive prophecy ( a future adh]5ce4 ,x is ! assurance1 pass+ f s\l to s\l1 t no new discov]y ( :at is involv$ 9 _! aft]-life toge!r c ev] d5y1 or defeat1 or de/roy _! pres5t mutual coh]5ce 9 ea* o!r4 ,t adhesion1 t adaptability1 :i* has be5 prov$ at a few po9ts1 w necess>ily be ju/ifi$ ?r\gh\t4 ,! m>riage-pl$ge expresses ! absolute conviction t ! pres5t exp]i5ce is irrev]sible1 except by wilful s94 ,:atev] novelties ! ye>s br+ ) !m1 ^? two *>act]s w abide :at !y are to-day4 ,gr[? _c radically alt] !m4 ,love1 !n1 is ?is confid5t anticipation1 :i* takes ! future 9 pl$ge4 ,& :]e ?is anticipation breaks d[n1 x mu/ be ?r\gh human infirmity1 wrong1 misund]/&+4 ,& our k ( ,*ri/ is ?is k ( love2 :]ev] x exi/s1 & s f> z x exi/s1 x issues out ( p]sonal contact1 p]sonal int]-action4 ,?is is :y1 9 its te/$ & c]tifi$ =m1 i4e4 9 ! accumulat$ & hi/oric exp]i5ce ( ! ,ca?olic community1 x c rationally ju/ify its anticipation ( an unbrok5 adh]5ce4 ,& x c d s ) complete confid5ce1 because1 "h1 on ! side ( ,*ri/1 !re is no infirmity :i* c endang] ! plight$ fai?3 !re is no lapse1 no decl9e possible4 ,*ri/ mu/ be loyal1 = ,he is s9less4 ,& m3 be+ s9less1 ,he is consi/5t4 ,e "p ( ,him is 9 h>mony ) ! :ole3 9 ,him !re is no un/ead9ess1 no insecurity4 ,su* a flawless "* is id5tical ) itself3 :]ev] x is t\*$1 x c be te/$ & approv$4 ,:at1 !n1 c upset our tru/ 9 ,him8 ,:at c di/urb our k ( ,him8 ,:at fe> ( *ange c ! ye>s br+ on8 ,we may "k b a t9y fragm5t1 a fr+e ( ?is love ( ,8 to u1 yet t is en\gh3 to h felt x at all is to tru/ x = ev]4 ,we _c hesitate to commit ourselves to ,"o ,:o1 if we "k ,him 9 any way1 is kn[n to be1 by inw>d1 p]sonal1 inh]5t necessity1 ! 'same ye/]day1 to-day1 & = ev]4' ,yes6--b /ill x may be plead$1 t ?is anticipatory adh]5ce1 :i* might ju/ifiably be giv5 to a p]son belov$1 _c be pl$g$ to dogmatic def9itions4 ,^!1 at any rate1 are matt]s n ( love1 b ( reason3 !y mu/ be liable to critical exam9ation1 to intellectual revision4 ,x is ! pl$ge giv5 to believe ^! dogmas 9 ! future1 :i* is su* an outrage on intellectual morality4 ,n[1 ?is prote/1 =cible & obvi\s z x looks at fir/ sight1 is /ill guilty ( confus+ ! criticism :i* belongs to "o prov9ce ( k ) t :i* belongs to ano!r4 ,^! dogmas ( fai? d n ! lea/ correspond to ! classifications & laws ( physical sci5ce2 & = ?is reason1 t ! matt] to :i* !y relate is :olly diff]5t 9 k9d4 ,dogmas repres5t reason 9 its application to a p]sonal life3 sci5tific g5]alisations repres5t reason z appli$ to matt]1 f :i* ! conditions ( p]sonality h be5 rigor\sly & rightly exclud$4 ,! diff]5ce is vital2 & x affects ! entire "* ( ! work+ ( reason4 ,! dogmatic def9itions ( ,*ri/ian !ology c nev] be divorc$ f _! contact 9 ! p]sonality ( ,*ri/4 ,!y are /atem5ts conc]n+ a liv+ "*4 ,z su*1 & only z su*1 d !y come )9 ! l9es ( fai?4 ,we d n1 9 ! /rict s5se1 believe 9 !m3 = belief is nev] a purely intellectual act2 x is a movem5t ( ! liv+ man drawn t[>ds a liv+ p]son4 ,belief c only be 9 ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,to ,him alone d we ev] commit ourselves1 surr5d] ourselves1 = ev] & aye4 ,b a p]sonality1 ?\gh its roots lie deep] ?an reason1 yet includes reason )9 its compass3 a p]sonality _c b be rational1 ?\gh x be m ?an m]ely rational2 x has 9 x a rational gr\nd1 a rational con/ruction2 x c\ld n be :at x is )\t be+ ( su* & su* a fix$ & organic "*4 ,& a p]sonality1 !re=e1 is intelligible2 x lays itself op5 to rational treatm5t2 its *>act]i/ics c be /at$ 9 t]ms ( ?\ght4 ,! ,w ( ,god is ! ,^w ( ,god2 ! ,life is also ! ,light4 ,t :i* is lov$ c be appreh5d$2 t :i* is felt c be nam$4 ,s ! ,p]sonality ( ! ,^w admits ( be+ rationally express$ 9 ! s5se t reason c "n & di/+ui% ^? elem5ts 9 x1 :i* con/itute its endur+ & ess5tial conditions4 ,! dogmas n[ 9 "q1 are simply c>eful rehe>sals ( ^? inh]5t necessities :i*1 inevitably1 are involv$ 9 ! rational con/ruction ( ,*ri/'s liv+ "*4 ,!y are /atem5ts ( :at ,he mu/ be1 if ,he is :at our he>ts assure u2 if ,he c d t = :i* our wills t5d] ,him _! lifelong self-surr5d]4 ,unless ^! rational conditions /&1 !n1 no act ( fai? is ju/ifiable2 unless ,8 p]sonality correspond to ^! ass]tions1 we c nev] be au?oris$ 9 wor%ipp+ ,him4 ,b1 if s1 !n we c commit ourselves to ^! dogmas 9 ! same way1 & degree1 z we commit ourselves to ,him4 ,we c d s1 9 ! absolute assurance t ,he _c b abide = ev]1 t :i* we "k ,him to be to-day4 ,we "k ,him inde$1 b '9 "p3' b x is "p ( a fix$ & integral "*1 :i* is :ole 9 e "p2 & c nev] falsify1 9 ! future1 ! revelation :i* x has already made ( itself4 ,! real "q1 z to ,*ri/ian dogma1 lies 9 ! prior "q--,is ,*ri/ianity ju/ifi$ 9 claim+ to h rea*$ a f9al position8 ,if ! position is rightly f9al1 !n ! intellectual expression ( its inh]5t elem5ts is f9al also4 ,"h is ! deep contra/ betwe5 x & sci5ce4 ,! sci5tific man is =bidd51 by ! v nature ( 8 /udies1 to assume f9ality = 8 propositions4 ,= he is n yet 9 comm& ( 8 mat]ial4 ,f>1 v f>1 f x4 ,he is t\*+ x on its v edge4 ,he is engag$ 9 sl[ly pu%+ t5tative advances into an unkn[n _w1 loom+1 va/1 dim1 manifold1 beyond 8 fronti] ( light4 ,! coh]5ce ( 8 kn[n matt] ) t huge mass beyond 8 k51 c be b fa9tly imag$ & suspect$4 ,:olly unreckon$ =ces are 9 op]ation4 ,at any mom5t he may be call$ ^u to ?r[ ov] ! classification :i* sums up 8 hi!rto exp]i5ce2 he may h to adopt a new c5tre2 to br+ 8 facts into a novel focus2 & ?is involves at once a novel pr9ciple ( arrangem5t4 ,9 su* conditions dogma is1 ( c\rse1 an absurdity4 ,b1 if we are 9 a position to h any fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 !n we mu/ suppose t we h arriv$ at ! "o c5tre to all possible exp]i5ces1 ! "o focus1 "u :i* all sights mu/ fall4 ,to believe 9 ,him at all is to believe t1 by & 9 '?is ,man1 w ,god judge ! _w4' ,9 ,8 p]sonality1 9 ,8 "*1 we are 9 possession ( ! ultimate pr9ciple1 "u :i* ! f9al e/imate ( all ?+s w be tak54 ,we h giv5 u1 9 ,8 sacrifice & mission1 ! absolute rule1 /&>d1 te/1 "r to ! v end4 ,no?+ c fall outside x4 ,9 ,him1 ,god has summ$ up creation4 ,we h t\*$1 9 ,him1 ! 'la/ days1' ! ultimate /age ( all developm5t4 ,we _c believe 9 ,him at all1 & n believe t ,8 message is f9al4 ,& x is ?is f9ality :i* ju/ifies dogma4 ,if ,*ri/ianity is f9al1 x c af=d to be dogmatic2 & we1 :o give our adhesion to x1 mu/1 9 s do+1 pr(ess our adhesion to ! irrev]sible nature ( its inh]5t pr9ciples3 =1 9 s do+1 we are b re-ass]t+ our belief 9 ! absolute & f9al suffici5cy ( ,8 p]son4 ,let u v5ture1 n[1 to review ! pa? t we h travell$1 9 ord] t we may see at :at po9t we h arriv$4 ,fai?1 !n1 is1 f fir/ to la/1 a spiritual act ( ! deepe/ p]sonal w1 proce$+ out ( t c5tral core ( ! be+1 :]e ! self is integral & :ole1 be=e x has sund]$ itself (f into divid$ faculties4 ,!re1 9 t root-self1 lie ! g]ms ( all t appe>s 9 ! sep>ate qualities & gifts--9 feel+s1 9 reason1 9 imag9ation1 9 desire2 & fai?1 ! c5tral activity1 has 9 x1 !re=e1 ! g]ms ( all ^! sev]al activities4 ,x has 9 x t :i* becomes feel+1 yet is n itself a feel+4 ,x has 9 x t :i* becomes reason1 yet is n itself ! reason4 ,x holds 9 x imag9ative elem5ts1 yet is no ex]cise ( ! imag9ation4 ,x is alive ) t :i* desires1 craves1 loves2 yet is n itself m]ely an appetite1 a desire1 a passion4 ,9 all ^! qualities x has its "p3 x %>es _! nature2 x has k9dr$ motions2 x %[s itself1 sometimes ?r\gh ! "o1 & sometimes ?r\gh ! o!r1 accord+ to ! v>ieties ( human1 *>act]s4 ,9 ?is man1 x c make ! feel+ its ma9 in/rum5t & *annel2 9 t man1 x w f9d ! intellect its *ief m9i/]2 9 ano!r1 x w make its pres5ce kn[n along ! track ( 8 inn]mo/ crav+ = a support 9 w & 9 love4 ,b x w always rema9 some?+ ov]1 & beyond1 any "o ( its di/9ctive m$ia2 & n "o ( ^! specialities ( gift w ev]1 !re=e1 be able to acc\nt :olly = ! fai? :i* puts x to use4 ,t is :y fai? mu/ always rema9 beyond its realis$ evid5ces4 ,if x f9ds1 9 "s cases1 its *ief evid5ces 9 ! region ( feel+1 x is nev]!less op5 to deadly ru91 if ev] x id5tifies itself ) ^! evid5ces1 z if x c\ld rely on !m to c>ry x ?r\gh4 ,x may come into be+ by _! help2 b x is nev] g5u9e fai?1 until x c abide 9 self-security at ^? dry h\rs1 :5 ! evid5ces ( positive feel+ h be5 totally )drawn4 ,& z ) feel+2 s ) reason4 ,fai? looks to reason = its pro(s3 x mu/ c\nt on f9d+ !m2 x (f]s = itself intellectual ju/ifications4 ,x may arrive at a man by ?is road4 ,b x is n itself reason2 x c nev] confuse itself ) a m]ely intellectual process4 ,x _c1 !re=e1 f9d1 9 reason1 ! full gr\nds = its ultimate convictions4 ,ev] x reta9s its own inh]5t "*1 by :i* x is con/itut$ an act ( p]sonal tru/--an act ( will+ & lov+ self-surr5d] to ! dom9ant sway ( ano!r's p]sonality4 ,x is always ?is1 :e!r x spr+s up in/9ctively1 out ( ! roots ( our be+1 anticipat+ all aft]-pro(1 or :e!r x is summon$ out into vitality at ! close ( a long & late argum5tative process4 ,no argum5t1 no array ( argum5ts1 h[ev] long1 h[ev] massive1 c succe$ 9 excus+ x f t mom5t\s ef=t ( ! inn] man1 :i* is its v ess5ce4 ,let reason d its p]fect "w3 let x heap up witness ^u witness1 pro( ^u pro(4 ,/ill !re w come at la/ ! mom5t :5 ! call to believe w be j ! same to ! complete & reasonable man z x always is to ! simple/ *ild--! call to tru/ ,ano!r ) a confid5ce :i* reason c ju/ify b c nev] create4 ,?is act1 :i* is fai?1 mu/ h 9 x t _s ( v5ture1 :i* closes ) ,ano!r's invitation1 :i* yields to ,ano!r's call4 ,x mu/ /ill h 9 x & ab\t x ! "* ( a vital motion1--( a leap upw>d1 :i* d>es to c\nt on ! prompt+ en]gies felt a/ir )9 x4 ,fai? _c transf] its bus9ess into o!r h&s to d its "w = x4 ,x _c reque/ reason to take its own place1 or a*ieve its prop] results4 ,!re is no possibility ( devolution "h2 x _c delegate its functions to ?is faculty or to t4 ,x is by =gett+ ?is t s _m m5 are to be f\nd1 at ! close ( _m argum5ts ( :i* !y fully ackn[l$ge ! conv9c+ =ce1 /ill hov]+ on ! br9k ( fai?1 nev] q rea*+ x1 nev] pass+ beyond ! mis]y ( a prolong$ & n]veless susp5se4 ,!y hang back at ! v crisis1 because !y h hop$ t _! reason+ p[]s w\ld1 by _! own =ce1 h made belief occur4 ,!y are l birds on a b\gh1 :o %\ld refuse to fly until !y h fully kn[n t !y c4 ,_! susp5se w\ld break & pass1 if once !y rememb]$ t1 to ent] ! ,k+dom ( ,heav51 !y mu/ always be z little *ildr54 ,!y mu/ call ^u ! *ild )9 !m4 ,at ! end1 z at ! beg9n+1 ( all ! argum5tative "w1 x is /ill ! temp] ( a *ild :i* !y mu/ br+ into play4 ,!re mu/ /ill be ! en]gy ( self-committal1--! movem5t ( a brave surr5d]4 ,once let !m turn1 en=c$ by all ! pressure ( reasonable evid5ce1 to ?is secret f\nt ( life )9 ! self1 & back fl[s ! /r5g? :i* 0 !irs long ago1 :5 ! inspiration ( _! innate son%ip mov$ sweetly 9 !m1 bre$+ confid5ce1 secure ( itself1 undaunt$1 & unfatigu$4 ,t son%ip abides 9 u all1 cumb]$ & cl\d$ ?\gh x be by our s92 x abides on & on1 f$ by ! succ\rs ( a ,fa!r ,:o c nev] =get or =sake1 & ,:o is work+ hi!rto to recov] & r$eem4 ,& :ile x abides1 fai? is /ill possible4 ,= its native motions are ! spontane\s outcome ( t spiritual k9%ip :i*1 if once alive & free1 impels u t[>ds ,him by ,^: love we h be5 begott54 ,reason & feel+1 pro( & argum5t--^! are means & in/rum5ts by :i* we c invoke ?is son%ip into action1 & release x f mu* :i* fett]s & enslaves4 ,b x is ! actual upspr++ =ce ( ! son%ip itself1 :i* alone c be ! s\rce ( belief4 ,& z x is giv5 to all to be sons ( ,god1 ?r\gh ! et]nal son%ip ( ,*ri/1 !re=e x is op5 to all to c\nt ^u possess+ ! conditions ( fai? 9 ,god4 ,,note4--,?is essay has1 = its sole aim1 ! reassurance ( an exi/+ fai? 9 face ( tempor>y p]plexities4 ,x !re=e takes fai? z a pres5t & possible fact4 ,x assumes man to be a creature :o believes4 ,& x tries to %[ :y su* belief1 if x be !re1 %\ld n be disc\rag$ by difficulties :i* belong to ! v nature ( its orig9al gr\nds4 ,= ?is x recalls ! dep? & security ) :i* ! roots ( fai? run back into ! orig9al con/itution ( man2 :i* orig9al con/itution1 h[ev] brok51 ?w>t$1 maim$1 pollut$ by s91 rema9s /ill 9 u z ! sole pl$ge & gr\nd ( our possible r$emption 9 ,*ri/1 ,:o comes to re/ore ! blurr$ image ( ,god 9 u1 & ,:o mu/ f9d 9 u ! radical elem5ts ( ! sup]natural nature :i* ,he ent]s to r5ew4 ,to its endur+ exi/5ce 9 ! he>t ( man ,*ri/ always appeals4 ,m5 are /ill *ildr5 ( _! ,fa!r ,:o is 9 heav52 & !re=e ,he c dem&1 z ! sole & primal condition ( r$emption1 ,fai?1 :i* is ! witness ( ! unlo/ son%ip4 ,t fai? ,he /ill assumes to be possible1 by ! invitation to man to believe & s be heal$4 ,he makes ?is invitation j z if x 7 9 man's own p[] to respond to x )\t = ! mom5t t\*+ on ! necessity :i*1 ?r\gh ! v ef=t to believe1 man w discov] = himself--i4e4 ! necessity ( ,god's gift ( ! ,_s to make su* belief exi/4 ,su* a gift belong$ to ! orig9al condition ( unfall5 man1 :5 8 nature 0 itself sup]naturally end[$ ) its adequate & su/a9+ grace4 ,su* a gift _h to be r5ew$1 aft] ! ru9 wr\ght by s91 bo? by ! re/oration ( ! brok5 son%ip )9 ! man ?r\gh ! belov$ ,son1 z well z by ! r5ewal ( ! evok+ & su/a9+ ,_s t %\ld lift up1 f )9 ! inn] son%ip1 its liv+ cry ( ,abba1 ,fa!r4 ,! "r to believe1 & ! p[] to believe1 _h bo? to be re-creat$4 ,b all t 0 s re-creat$ has1 = its prelim9>y gr\nd1 ! orig9al con/itution ( man's s9less nature2 &1 9 all our treatm5t ( r$emption1 we mu/ beg9 by recall+ :at x 0 :i* ,*ri/ ent]$ to re/ore4 ,t orig9al condition 0 ! pl$ge ( ! recov]y :i* ,god w\ld br+ to pass2 &1 ?r\gh\t ! int]val betwe5 fall & rescue1 x c\ld anticipate ! com+ ,*ri/ by ! fai? :i* rejoic$ to see ,8 ,day1 & saw ,8 ,glory1 & spake ( ,him4 ,!re=e ! fai? :i* ,*ri/ raises to its new & high] p[] by conc5trat+ x ^u ,8 own ,p]sonality1 is /ill1 at core1 ! old fai? :i* 0 ! prophetic witness giv51 "u ! conditions ( ! e>li] cov5ant1 by t great army ( ! ,fai?ful :i* is m>%all$ be=e u by ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 :o mo/ c]ta9ly consid]s x possible & ju/ifiable to emphasise ! cont9uity t holds betwe5 ! fai? ( ,abraham & ! fai? ( ! r$eem$4 #ec ,cf4 on all ?is1 an excell5t /atem5t 9 ,m>k ,pattison's ,s]mons1 ,s]m4 #g4 #ed ,x is n int5d$ to d5y t ! m9d c ev] "k itself1 b only t su* k c ev] be won by me?ods ( empirical obs]vation4 #ee ,! ^w 'sup]-natural' is obvi\sly mislead+1 s9ce x seems to imply t ! high] spiritual levels ( life are n 'natural4' ,( c\rse1 ! high] ! life1 ! m int5sely 'natural' x is2 & ! nature ( ,god mu/ be ! supreme expression ( ! natural4 ,b ! ^w 'sup]-natural' is1 9 reality1 only conc]n$ ) ! p>tial & conv5tional use ( 'nature1' z a t]m "u :i* we sum up all t con/itutes ?is pres5t & visible sy/em ( ?+s4 #ef ,x is ?is po9t ( arre/ :i* is rea*$ & reveal$ by ! process ( ,evolution1 "u ! pressure ( ,natural ,selection4 #eg ,fai? is spok5 (1 "h & else:]e1 9 its p]fect & true =m1 z if un?w>t$ by ! misdirection1 & hurt ( s94 #eh ,cf4 pp4 #aje-ajg4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,god4 ,,aubrey ,,moore4 ,i4 ,! object ( ?is essay is n to discuss ! s-call$ 'pro(s' ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god1 b to %ew :at ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god is1 & h[ x has gr[n to be :at x is1 out ( ! antagonisms ( e>li] days2 & !n to ask--,:at full] realization ( ,god's revelation ( ,himself is ,he giv+ u ?r\gh ! contradictions & /ruggles ( to-day8 ,if x is true t '! only ultimate te/ ( reality is p]si/5ce1 & ! only measure ( validity among our primitive beliefs ! success ) :i* !y resi/ all ef=ts to *ange !m#ei1' x is ( fir/ importance to discov] :at x is :i*1 ?r\gh all ! /ruggles ( pa/ hi/ory1 ! religi\s nature ( man has p]si/5tly clung to4 ,mu* :i* 0 once de> to ! religi\s consci\sness1 & :i* seem$ at ! "t to be an integral "p ( ! religi\s idea1 has be5 giv5 up4 ,a =m] age ab&on$ x ) regret1 & look$ =w>d ) gloomy =ebod+4 ,a lat] age looks back ) ?ankfulness1 & recognises '! good ,h& ( our ,god' lead+ u to tru] k ( ,himself4 ,x w\ld be idle to d5y1 aft] all due all[ance has be5 made = ! natural t5d5cy to believe t ! pres5t is ! critical mom5t1 n only = u1 b = ! _w at l>ge1 t ! crisis ( ! pres5t day is a v real "o1 & t ! religi\s view ( ,god is feel+ ! effects ( ! *ange1 :i* is modify+ our views ( ! _w & man4 ,:5 su* a fundam5tal idea is *all5g$1 m5 are naturally tempt$ to adopt "o ( two equally onesid$ attitudes1 to commit !mselves ei!r to a policy ( un9tellig5t prote/1 or to a policy ( unconditional surr5d]4 ,& if ! "o is ne$lessly despair+1 ! o!r is unw>rantably sangu9e4 ,! "o asks1--',h[ mu* mu/ ,i give up1 ( :at religion has always be5 to me1 t a little ( ! old may survive amid/ ! new8' ,! o!r asks1--',h[ little ( ! old ne$ ,i keep1 s z n to int]f]e ) ! ready acceptance ( ! new8' ,! "o view is pessimi/1 ! o!r optimi/4 ,bo? h _! repres5tatives 9 our day1 & ea* p>ty is pr(\ndly consci\s ( ! dang] to :i* ! o!r is expos$4 ,! advocates ( ! "o view1 f9d+ !mselves '9 a place :]e two seas meet1' ?9k x saf] to 'run ! %ip agr\nd'2 ^? ( ! o!r 'see+ !y _c be> up aga9/ ! w9d' pref] to 'let h] drive4' ,b if ! _s ( ! "o is m]ely prote/ant1 ! _s ( ! o!r is c]ta9ly n ca?olic4 ,9 contra/ ) ^! "o-sid$ views1 we propose to approa* ! "q 9 ! full conviction t ! revelation ( ,god 9 ,*ri/ is bo? true & complete1 & yet t e new tru? :i* fl[s 9 f ! side ( sci5ce1 or metaphysics1 or ! exp]i5ce ( social & political life1 is design$ 9 ,god's provid5ce to make t revelation real1 by br++ out its hidd5 tru?s4 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ! ,*ri/ian revelation ( ,god claims to be bo? f9al & progressive2 f9al1 = ,*ri/ians "k b "o ,*ri/ & d n 'look = ano!r'2 progressive1 because ,*ri/ianity claims ea* new tru? z enri*+ our k ( ,god1 & br++ out into great] cle>ness & di/9ctness "s half-und]/ood fragm5t ( its own tea*+4 ,!re are1 no d\bt1 always to be f\nd ,*ri/ians1 :o are ready to treat new k z ! ,caliph ,om> treat$ ! books 9 ! libr>y ( ,alex&ria1--'!y agree ) ! ,koran & are unnecess>y1 or !y disagree ) x & mu/ be de/roy$4' ,b an intellig5t ,*ri/ian w n ask1 ',does ?is new tru? agree ) or contradict ! lett] ( ! ,bible8' b ',h[ does x int]pret & help u to und]/& ! ,bible8' ,& s ) reg>d to all tru?1 :e!r x comes f ! side ( sci5ce1 or hi/ory1 or criticism1 he adopts nei!r ! me?od ( prote/ nor ! me?od ( surr5d]1 b ! me?od ( assimilation4 ,9 ! face ( new discov]ies1 ! only "q he is anxi\s to answ] is ?is1--',:at old tru? w !y expla91 or enlight51 or make real to u8 ,:at is ?is new _w ( life & int]e/ :i* is await+ its consecration8 ,tru? is an ev]-fl[+ riv]1 into :i* /reams fl[ 9 f _m sides#fj4 ,:at is ?is new /ream :i* is ab\t to empty itself1 z all k mu/1 into ! great flood ( ,div9e tru?1 t ! e>? may be fill$ ) ! glory ( ! ,"l1 z ! wat]s cov] ! sea8' ,su* a hopeful attitude does n1 inde$1 imply t ! assimilation ( ! new tru?s w g on z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,! ,*ri/ian kn[s t ! acceptance ( tru? is a moral1 z well z an intellectual1 matt]1 & 9 ! moral _w !re is no place = laiss] faire4 ,he expects to be call$ ^u to /ruggle2 he expects t ! /ruggle w ne$ 8 utmo/ ef=t1 moral & intellectual4 ,8 "w is bo? to keep & to claim2 to hold fa/ ! fai? 'once = all deliv]$ to ! sa9ts1' & yet to see 9 e fragm5t ( tru? a real revelation ( ! m9d & w ( ,god4 ,he has no cut & dri$ answ] to objections2 he does n boa/ t he has no difficulties4 ,b he does claim to look out ^u ! difficulties ( 8 day1 n only fe>lessly1 b ) hope & tru/4 ,he kn[s t ,*ri/ianity mu/ triumph 9 ! end1 b he does n expect all difficulties to be remov$ 9 a mom5t4 ,& he is /rong en\gh1 if ne$ be1 to wait4 ,,ii4 ,:e!r anyone is really guilty ( :at ,hume calls ! 'multipli$ indiscretion & imprud5ce' ( dogmatic a!ism1 :e!r positivism c rightly be s class$1 :e!r agno/icism is n a!ism to all int5ts & purposes1 are que/ions :i* =tunately lie outside ! scope ( ! pres5t enquiry4 ,z = poly!ism x has ceas$ to exi/ 9 ! civilis$ _w4 ,e !i/ is1 by a rational necessity1 a mono!i/4 ,b we f9d ourselves1 9 ! pres5t day1 face to face ) two diff]5t views ( ,god1 :i* ?\gh !y con/antly1 p]haps g5]ally1 ov]lap1 & ev5 sometimes co9cide1 yet imply diff]5t po9ts ( view1 & by a process ( ab/raction c be held ap>t & contra/$ ) "o ano!r4 ,_m dev\t ,*ri/ians are philosoph]s & m5 ( sci5ce2 _m m5 ( sci5ce & philosoph]s are dev\t ,*ri/ians4 ,b ! ,god ( religion is n ! ,god ( sci5ce & philosophy4 ,ideally1 ev]yone w all[ t ! religi\s idea ( ,god1 & ! sci5tific & philosophical idea ( ,god mu/ be id5tical1 b 9 actual fact x is n s1 & 9 ! e>li] /ages ( ! developm5t ( bo?1 !re is a real antagonism4 ,to accept ?is antagonism z absolute is1 by a necess>y consequ5ce1 to compel "o to give way to ! o!r4 ,we _c long hold two contradictory tru?s4 ,we f9d ourselves compell$ to *oose4 ,we may h ,religion or ,philosophy1 b n bo?4 ,v few1 h[ev]1 are prep>$ to g ?is l5g?4 ,x is mu* m usual to get rid ( ! antagonism by adopt+ "o ( two alt]native me?ods4 7#a7 ,( ^! ! fir/ is a sugge/$ division ( t]ritory1 9 :i* religion is allott$ to fai?1 & philosophy & sci5ce to reason4 ,su* an exp$i5t1 ?\gh n uncommonly1 & p]haps ev5 wisely1 adopt$ by individuals1 :o refuse to give up ei!r ( two tru?s because !y _c h>monize !m1 becomes ridicul\s :5 s]i\sly propos$ z a solution ( ! difficulty4 ,moreov] ! propos$ division ( t]ritory is unfair to />t )4 ',give u ! ,kn[able1 & y %all h ! re/1 :i* is f> ! l>g] half1' s\nds l a lib]al (f] made by sci5ce to religion1 till we rememb] t e advance 9 k transf]s some?+ f ! side ( ! unkn[n to ! side ( ! kn[n1 9 violation ( ! orig9al agreem5t4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] calls ?is division ( t]ritory a 'reconciliation#fa4' ,b if any?+ 9 ! _w c\ld make religion hate & fe> sci5ce & oppose ! advance ( k1 x is to f9d itself compell$ to sit /ill & wat* ! sl[ b sure fil*+ away ( its t]ritory by an ali5 p[]4 ,we say no?+ "h ( ! fact t ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s division ignores ! tru? t k ( correlatives mu/ be ( ! same k9d#fb1 & t if k has to d ) "o & fai? ) ! o!r1 ei!r fai? mu/ be a sort ( k1 or k a sort ( fai?4 ,we m]ely notice ! unfairness ( a division :i* assumes rationality = sci5ce1 & leaves irrationality to religion4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 h[ev]1 !re are _m dev\t p1 :o w\ld be horrifi$ at ! ?\ght t !y _h borr[$ f ,agno/icism1 & :o h nev]!less made a simil> division ( t]ritory4 ,!y are ! p :o /ake all ^u :at reason _c d4 ,!y h no int]e/ 9 ! progress ( k4 ,! pres5t gaps 9 sci5ce are _! /ronghold1 & !y naturally resi/ e =w>d /ep 9 k z long z !y c1 because ea* new discov]y limits ! area 9 :i* alone1 accord+ to _! imp]fect view1 fai? c live4 ,e triumph ( sci5ce on ?is !ory1 z on ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s1 becomes a loss1 n a ga91 to religion4 ,! v exi/5ce ( ,god is b\nd up ) t "p ( ,8 "w 9 nature :i* we _c und]/&1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 we rea* ! p>adox t ! m we "k ( ,8 work+1 ! less pro( we h t ,he exi/s4 ,mod]n apologetic lit]ature ab\nds 9 ?is k9d ( argum5t4 ,x is ! dev\t =m ( ! wor%ip ( ! unkn[able4 ,yet x is no wond] t p :o take refuge 9 gaps f9d !mselves awkw>dly plac$ :5 ! gaps beg9 to close4 7#b7 ,! o!r alt]native is ev5 m commonly adopt$1 = x fits 9 well ) ! vagu5ess & want ( precision 9 language1 :i* is at a premium 9 deal+ ) religi\s que/ions4 ,?is consi/s 9 fritt]+ away ! mean+ ( def9ite t]ms till !y are available = any?+1 or adopt+ a neutral t]m :i*1 by a little managem5t & /ret*+1 w include opposites4 ,?is is ! me?od ( indef9ite inclusion4 ,! /r5g? ( ! =m] alt]native lay 9 ! appe>ance ( %>p sci5tific delimitation ( t]ritory3 ! /r5g? ( ! latt] 9 its unlimit$ compreh5siv5ess4 ,a t]m is gradually /ripp$ ( ! associations :i* make x :at x is1 x is 'defecat$ to a pure transp>5cy1' & !n x is ready = use4 ,! t]m ',god' is made m]ely 'a synonym = nature#fc'2 religion becomes 'habitual & p]man5t admiration#fd1' or 'dev\t submission ( ! he>t & w to ! laws ( nature#fe'2 en?usiasm does duty = wor%ip1 & ! antagonism betwe5 religion & any?+ else disappe>s4 ,n[ s f> z ?is repres5ts1 negatively1 a reaction aga9/ intol]ance & n>r[ness1 & positively a desire = unity1 !re is n a ^w to be said aga9/ x4 ,its tone & temp] may be bo? ,*ri/ian & ,ca?olic4 ,b ! me?od is a radically false "o4 ,x is n a real1 b only an ab/ract1 unity :i* c be rea*$ by ?9k+ away ( diff]5ces4 ,z ,dr4 ,m>t9eau says1 9 8 excell5t criticism ( ?is me?od1 ',y va9ly propose an cir5icon by corruption ( a ^w4' ',! disputes betwe5 sci5ce & fai? c no m be clos$ by inv5t+ religions ( culture ?an ! b\nd>y qu>rels ( nations by sett+ up neutral prov9ces 9 ! air#ff4' ',a ,god t is m]ely nature1 a ,!ism )\t ,god2 a ,religion =feit$ only by ! nil admir>i c nev] reconcile ! secul> & ! dev\t1 ! ,pagan & ! ,*ri/ian m9d#fg4' ,z well might we attempt to reconcile ! p>tizans ( ! gold & silv] %ields by assur+ !m t 9 reality ! %ields 7 silv] gilt4 ,we are left1 !n1 face to face ) ! opposition betwe5 ! religi\s & ! philosophic or sci5tific view ( ,god4 ,! c\nt]-*>ges ( sup]/ition & an?ropomorphism on ! "o side1 & ( pan!ism & rationalism on ! o!r1 s]ve to br+ out ! anti!sis ( ! two views4 ,no division ( t]ritory is possible4 ,!re may be _m sci5ces1 ea* ) its def9$ range ( subject-matt]2 b !re c be only "o ,god4 ,& bo? religion & philosophy dem& t ,he %all fill ! :ole region ( ?\ght & feel+4 ,nor c any confusion or ext5sion ( t]ms help u to a reconciliation1 or bl9d u long to ! true issue4 ,! conflict is too real & too ke5ly felt to admit ( any pat*$-up peace4 ,! idea ( ,god1 :i* is to claim alike ! allegiance ( religion & philosophy1 mu/ n be ! result ( compromise1 b mu/ really & fully satisfy ! dem&s ( bo?4 ,,iii4 ,:at !n are ^! dem&s consid]$ 9 ab/raction f "o ano!r8 ,we are at once met by ! difficulty ( def9+ religion4 ,b if we _c def9e religion1 or trace x back to its hidd5 s\rce1 we c at lea/ discov] its *>act]i/ics1 z we "k x aft] x has em]g$ f ! obscurity ( prehi/oric times1 & be=e any consci\s attempt has be5 made to reconcile religion & philosophy1 or f9d a middle t]m betwe5 !m4 ,n[ traditional def9itions ( religion1 giv5 z x 7 f )91 & con/ruct$ ) no view ( opposition to1 or reconciliation )1 philosophy1 are agre$ 9 repres5t+ religion z a relation betwe5 man & ! object or objects ( 8 wor%ip1 & ?is implies1 n only ! inf]iority ( ! wor%ipp] to t :i* he wor%ips1 b also some?+ ( lik5ess betwe5 ! relat$ t]ms1 s9ce1 z ev5 ,/rauss all[s1 9 our inmo/ nature we feel a k9%ip betwe5 ourselves & t on :i* we dep5d#fh4 ,x is q indiff]5t :i* ( ! rival etymologies ( ! ^w 'religion' we adopt#fi4 ,s4 ,augu/9e#gj1 foll[+ ,lactantius1 speaks ( religion z '! bond :i* b9ds u to ,"o ,omnipot5t ,god4' ,s4 ,?omas#ga adopts almo/ un*ang$ ! def9ition giv5 by ,cic]o3 x is 't virtue :i* has to d ) ! wor%ip ( a high] nature kn[n z ! ,div9e4' ,x is n too mu* to say t1 = ! mod]n religi\s _w1 religion implies at lea/ ! practical belief 9 a real & consci\s relation betwe5 ! inn] life ( man & an unse5 ,be+4 ,& :atev] ( my/]y !re may be ab\t t unse5 ,be+1 x w\ld seem z if a real relation%ip dem&s s mu* ( lik5ess 9 ! relat$ t]ms1 z is impli$ 9 p]sonality4 ,x is "h t we rea* ! po9t at :i* we are able to di/+ui% betwe5 ! religi\s & ! philosophical ideas ( ,god4 ,x is n t religion & philosophy necess>ily contradict or exclude "o ano!r1 b t !y approa* ! problem ) diff]5t int]e/s4 ,religion dem&s a p]sonal object1 be t object "o or _m4 ,x is committ$ to ! belief 9 a moral relation%ip betwe5 ,god & man4 ,philosophy dem&s unity1 :e!r p]sonal or imp]sonal4 ,= philosophy is no?+ if x does n completely unify k4 ,& x seems z if ea* f9ds lack+ 9 ! o!r t :i* x values mo/ & ?9ks ( fir/4 ,! only hope1 !n1 ( reconciliation is 9 ! idea ( ,god z p]sonal1 & yet "o4 ,s long z religion reta9s a trace ( poly!ism or dualism1 philosophy c h no?+ to say to x4 ,s long z philosophy has no room = a p]sonal ,god1 religion mu/ exclude philosophy4 ,! :ole issue ( ! controv]sy lies "h4 ,if ! belief 9 a p]sonal ,god is to be call$ an?ropomorphism1 religion is hopelessly an?ropomorphic4 ,) ! disappe>ance ( an?ropomorphism 9 ?is s5se1 z ,pr(essor ,fiske rightly sees#gb1 religion disappe>s4 ,b we _c escape an?ropomorphism1 ?\gh our an?ropomorphism may be crude or critical#gc4 ,we d n read our full selves into ! l[] _w1 because we are high] ?an x2 we d n transf] to ,god all t belongs to our own self-consci\sness1 because we "k t ,he is inf9itely great] ?an we are4 ,b we %\ld be wrong n to int]pret ,him by ! highe/ category )9 our rea*1 & ?9k ( ,him z self-consci\s life4 ,*ri/ianity refuses to call ?is an?ropomorphism1 ?\gh x /&s or falls ) ! belief t1 9 8 p]sonality1 man is 9 ! image ( ,god4 ,an an?ropomorphic view ( ,god = a ,*ri/ian means hea!nism or h]esy3 a !omorphic view ( man is ( ! ess5ce ( 8 fai?#gd4 ,! religi\s idea ( ,god may1 ( c\rse1 become philosophical )\t ceas+ to be religi\s4 ,if !re is to be a religion = man z a rational be+ x mu/ become s4 ,b !re is a po9t beyond :i*1 9 its desire to include philosophy1 religion _c g4 ,x _c af=d to give up its prim>y assumption ( a moral relation%ip betwe5 ,god & man4 ,:5 t po9t is surr5d]$ or obscur$ ! old religi\s t]ms become increas+ly inapplicable1 & we f9d ourselves fall+ back m & m on _! suppos$ philosophical equival5ts1 ! ',inf9ite' or ! ',absolute1' or ! ,univ]sal ,sub/ance1 or ! ,et]nal ,consci\sness1 or ! ,fir/ ,cause1 or ! ,omnipres5t ,en]gy4 ,b ^! t]ms1 :i* metaphysicians rightly claim1 h no mean+ = ! religi\s consci\sness1 :ile1 9 metaphysics prop] ',god' is z mu* a borr[$ t]m z 's9' is 9 non-religi\s e?ics4 ,moral evil is 's9' only to ^? :o believe 9 ,god2 & ! inf9ite is only ',god' to ^? 9 :om x sugge/s a sup]human p]sonality ) :om !y are 9 consci\s relation4 ,ev5 :5 religion & philosophy bo? agree to speak ( ,god z '! ,inf9ite1' = ! "o x is an adjective1 = ! o!r a sub/antive4 ,! mom5t we ab&on ! idea ( ,god z p]sonal1 religion becomes m]g$ 9 philosophy1 & all t prop]ly con/itutes religion disappe>s4 ,god may exi/ = u /ill z ! key/one 9 ! ar* ( k1 b ,he is no long]1 except z a metaphor1 'our ,fa!r1 :i* is 9 heav54' ,,iv4 ,religion !n1 prop]ly & /rictly1 & ap>t f ext5sions ( ! t]m made 9 ! int]e/s ( a reconciliation1 assumes a moral relation%ip1 ! relation%ip ( p]sonal be+s1 z exi/+ betwe5 man & ! ,object ( 8 wor%ip4 ,:5 ?is ceases1 religion ceases3 :5 ?is beg9s1 religion beg9s4 ,b ( ! beg9n+s ( religion we "k no?+4 ,prehi/oric hi/ory is ! monopoly ( ^? :o h a !ory to def5d4 ,b we may take x z prov5 t x is at lea/ z true t man is a religi\s1 z t he is a rational1 animal4 ',look out = a p1' says ,hume1 'entirely de/itute ( religion4 ,if y f9d !m at all1 be assur$ t !y are b few degrees remov$ f brutes#ge4' ,hume's /atem5t is confirm$ by ! fact t ^? :o w\ld prove t !re is no innate consci\sness ( ,deity are driv5 to appeal to ! case ( deaf mutes & degrad$ savages#gf4 ,:e!r mono!ism 0 a discov]y or a recov]y1 :e!r x rose on ! ru9s ( poly!ism1 or :e!r poly!ism is a corruption ( a pur] fai?1 is a "q we ne$ n attempt to settle4 ,nor ne$ we decide ! priority ( claim to ! title ( religion z betwe5 nature-wor%ip1 or ance/or-wor%ip1 or gho/-wor%ip4 ,! f>!r we g back 9 hi/ory ! m obvi\sly true is ! *>ge ( an?ropomorphism s commonly br\ght aga9/ religion4 ,! natural t5d5cy to treat ! object ( religion z p]sonal1 exi/s long be=e any attempt is made to def9e ! conditions or mean+ ( p]sonality1 & includes mu* :i* is aft]w>ds ab&on$4 ,= religion 9 its e>lie/ /ages is in/9ctive1 n reason$4 ,x is 'naively objective4' ,x is little c>eful to cle> up its idea ( ! nature & "* ( its ,god4 ,x is /ill less anxi\s to prove ,8 exi/5ce4 ,x is only :5 consci5ce gr[s /rong1 & d>es to *all5ge ! religion :i* _h be5 in/9ctively accept$1 t m5 le>n to see t ,god n only is1 b mu/ be1 ! expression ( ! highe/ kn[n morality4 ,x is only :5 ! light ( consci\s reason is turn$ back ^u religi\s ideas1 t poly!ism becomes n m]ely untrue1 b impossible & inconceivable4 ,:at religion />ts ) is n any !ory ( ! _w1 b an unreason$ belief 9 a ,be+ or be+s1 h[ev] conceiv$ (1 :o %all be 9 a great] or less degree l ! wor%ipp]1 b rais$ above him by ! addition ( p[]1 if n omnipot5ce2 greatness1 if n inf9ity2 wisdom1 if n omnisci5ce4 ,b1 :ile imply+ f ! fir/ some?+ ( a moral relation%ip betwe5 man & ! object ( 8 wor%ip1 religion does n always conceive ( t ,object z necess>ily holy or p]fectly wise4 ,!re are religions :i* are bo? immoral & *ildi%4 ,!y h 9 !m no pr9ciple ( gr[?1 & !re=e !y are ! oppon5ts alike ( moral & intellectual progress4 ,tantum relligio potuit suad]e malorum is ! reflexion ( ,*ri/ian apologi/s1 z well z ( ! ,roman poet1 on ! religions ( hea!nism4 ,h5ce1 x is argu$1 ',religion is ! enemy ( morals & ( sci5ce4 ,away ) x4 ,x is a m]e matt] ( feel+1 :i* _c & ought n to /& be=e ! imp]i\s *all5ge ( consci5ce & reason4' ,su* a view has bo? tru? & falsehood 9 x4 ,! religi\s idea ( ,god mu/ be able to ju/ify itself to our moral & to our rational nature1 on pa9 ( ceas+ to exi/4 ,b religion _c be ?us %ut up to "o "p ( our nature1 nor c "o "p ( our nature be set aga9/ ! re/4 ,!re is1 z ,h]b]t ,sp5c] is fond ( po9t+ out#gg1 a k9d ( idolatry ( reason 9 ! pres5t day4 ,reason has expos$ _m sup]/itions only to become itself ! f9al object ( sup]/ition4 ,m5 =get t1 aft] all1 reason+ is only 're-coord9at+ /ates ( consci\sness already coord9at$ 9 c]ta9 simpl] ways1' & t t :i* is unreason$ is n always irrational4 ,rationality 9 man is n %ut up 9 "o air-tight comp>tm5t4 ',!re is no feel+ or volition :i* does n conta9 9 x an elem5t ( k#gh4' ,?is is ! tru? :i* ,hegel has seiz$ :5 he speaks ( religion z 'reason talk+ naively4' ,y c no m %ut up fai? to ! comp>tm5t ( feel+ ?an reason to ! comp>tm5t ( ! intellect4 ,religion claims ! :ole man1 & true religion is t :i* c make good its claim4 ,! natural hi/ory ( religion1 !n1 is ! hi/ory ( ! process by :i* t :i* has its secret bir?place beh9d all ! di/9ctions ( mod]n psy*ology1 e/abli%es its claim on man1 absorb+ into itself all t is be/ & true/ 9 8 moral & intellectual be+1 z consci5ce & reason successively em]ge into consci\s activity3 :ile1 f ano!r po9t ( view1 x is ! progressive purification ( ! religi\s idea ( ,god till ,he is reveal$ z1 :at ,he is to a ?9k+ ,*ri/ian ( to-day1 ! ,object ( rev]5t wor%ip1 ! moral ideal1 ! tru? ( nature & ( man4 ,su* an end is n atta9$ 9 a mom5t4 ,x is ! result ( a process ) :i* we are famili> else:]e1 viz4 evolution by antagonism4 ,! true has to be sep>at$ f ! false4 ,immoral & irrational conceptions ( ,god h to be ?r[n aside4 ,x is only aft] :at looks l an int]nec9e /ruggle betwe5 religion & morality t man le>ns ! tru? ab\t ! "* ( ,god1 & only aft] a conflict ) philosophy & sci5ce1 :i* seems to ?reat5 ! v life ( religion1 t he le>ns :at c be kn[n ( ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,= among religions1 too1 !re is a /ruggle = exi/5ce1 9 :i* ! fitte/ survive4 ,& ! te/ ( fitness is ! p[] to assimilate & promote moral & intellectual tru?1 & s to satisfy ! :ole man4 ,an ideally p]fect religion is n 'morality t\*$ by emotion1' b a wor%ip :i* reflects itself 9 ! highe/ kn[n morality1 & is int]pret$ & ju/ifi$ to itself by reason4 ,x is ?is process1 z we "k x 9 hi/ory1 t we proce$ to exam9e4 ,v4 ,! /atem5t t religion1 ev5 9 its mo/ elem5t>y =ms1 takes = grant$ "s relation%ip ( lik5ess betwe5 ! wor%ipp] & ! ,object or objects ( 8 wor%ip1 by no means implies t all religion associates ! highe/ morality ) its idea ( ,god4 ,on ! contr>y1 we "k t n only are !re immoral religions1 b t immorality sometimes l+]s on 9 religion long aft] x is condemn$ else:]e1 & t a p w p]mit z a religi\s duty :at1 accord+ to _! ?9k+1 no?+ b religion w\ld ju/ify4 ,we _c1 !n1 at all accurately gauge ! moral condition ( a p by ! receiv$ tea*+ ab\t its gods1 = morality is (t5 f> 9 advance ( religion1 & ! "* :i* 9 a god or goddess is protect$ by a religi\s halo is look$ ^u z hateful or impure 9 man or woman4 ,! s5se ( dep5d5ce1 :i*1 ?\gh x does n con/itute ! :ole1 is yet an ess5tial elem5t 9 ! religi\s consci\sness1 ! awe :i*1 9 a l[ /ate ( developm5t1 %ews itself 9 a grovell+ fe> ( ! invisible be+s1 makes x impossible = ! wor%ipp] to judge 8 god by ! /&>d he applies to 8 fell[ man4 ,! god may be lu/ful1 b 8 lu/s mu/ be respect$2 he is /rong & v5geful & mu/ by all means be kept 9 a good temp]1 cajol$1 or outwitt$1 or brib$1 or hum\r$4 ,8 comm&s mu/ be obey$1 )\t "q or resi/ance4 ,b by & bye ! moral nature le>ns its /r5g?1 & beg9s to ass]t its indep5d5t "r to speak4 ,morality outgr[s religion4 ,! relations betwe5 religion & morals become m /ra9$4 ,"s h]etic d>es to say t ! ,gods are immoral2 t !y are m5 'writ l>ge1' & bad m5 too4 ,_! claim to rev]5ce is *all5g$4 ,!re is a moral awak5+4 ,soon ! old religion is treat$ ) scorn & contempt1 & ei!r a new religion takes its place1 com+ 9 z x 7 on ! cre/ ( ! wave ( moral re=mation1 or ! old religion is purifi$ & becomes ! fo/]-"m ( ! new morality1 giv+ to x a div9e sanction1 & receiv+ f x 9 turn new /r5g? & vitality4 ,or fail+ ^!1 m5 ab&on religion 9 ! suppos$ int]e/ ( morals4 ,a religion ) my/]ies may be tol]at$1 b a religion once se5 to be immoral is at an end4 ,= a "t e?ics1 ) a backgr\nd ( metaphysics or politics1 prevails1 b gradually x t5ds to drift into a m]e prud5tialism1 :ile a m]ely my/ical philosophy tries 9 va9 to satisfy ^? deep] in/9cts :i* rea* out to ! unse54 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,greek ?\ght ! collision came 9 ! days ( ,x5ophanes4 ,long be=e :at is sometimes call$ ! era ( consci\s morality1 ,greece _h outgr[n its traditional religion4 ,greek philosophy at its bir? 0 my?ology rationaliz$1 & ! beg9n+ ( indep5d5t morality 9 ,greece %ew$ itself 9 a criticism ( ! religi\s tea*+ ( ,hom] & ,hesiod4 ,! sca?+ satire ( ,x5ophanes rem9ds u at times ( ! way 9 :i* ,isaiah speaks ( ! idolatry ( 8 day4 ,x is n only wrong1 x is capable ( a r$uctio ad absurdum4 ,an?ropomorphism1 immorality1 *ildi% folly--^! are ! *>ges :i* ,x5ophanes br+s aga9/ ! wor%ip ( ,magna ,graecia4 ,anaxagoras _h already be5 bani%$ = sugge/+ t ! god ,helios 0 a mass ( molt5 iron1 b ,x5ophanes turns into op5 ridicule ! religion ( 8 day4 ',hom] & ,hesiod1' he says1 'ascribe to ! gods all t among m5 is held %ameful & blamewor?y1 !ft1 adult]y1 & deceit#gi4' ',"o ,god !re is mightie/ among gods & m51 :o nei!r 9 =m nor ?\ght is l to m54 ,yet mortals ?9k ! gods are born & h %ape & voice & raim5t l !mselves4 ,surely if lions & c[s _h h&s1 & c\ld grave ) _! h&s & d z m5 d1 !y too w\ld make gods l !mselves1 horses w\ld h horse-l gods1 & c[s gods ) horns & ho(s#hj4' ,:5 ! age ( moral philosophy beg9s1 amid/ ! unsettlem5t ( ! sophi/ic p]iod1 ! same prote/ is tak5 up by ,plato4 ,9 ,x5ophanes ! prote/ ( ! reason & ! consci5ce w5t toge!r4 ,9 ,plato ! criticism ( ! receiv$ !ology is m di/9ctly a moral criticism4 ,god _c lie or deceive4 ,he _c be ! cause ( evil4 ,he is good1 & only ! s\rce ( good4 ,he is true 9 ^w & de$4 ,if n1 we _c rev]5ce ,him4 ,x _c be true t ! gods give way to viol5t emotions1 /ill less to s5suality & envy & /rife#ha4 ',= ,god _c be unrighte\s1 ,he mu/ be p]fectly righte\s1 & none is l ,him save ! mo/ righte\s among m5#hb4' ,"h we h a collision betwe5 an immoral religi\s conception ( ,god & a morality :i* is becom+ consci\s ( its own /r5g?4 ,& :at 0 ! result8 ,religion 9 ,greece receiv$ its dea? bl[4 ,x _h no real recup]ative p[]4 ,x c\ld n absorb & claim ! new morality4 ,hom] & ,hesiod1 ! ',bible' ( ! ,a!nian1 7 too pr(\ndly immoral4 ,a ,kephalus might g back 9 sil5t prote/ to 8 sacrifice1 b ! y\? ( ,a!ns turn$ f religion to morality4 ,:5 we pass f ,plato to ,ari/otle1 ! la/ trace ( religion 9 morals has disappe>$4 ,!ology has become ,metaphysics1 & has no place 9 ! _w ( practical life4 ,! religi\s elem5t has disappe>$ f philosophy1 & is only reviv$ 9 ! my/icism ( ,neo-,py?agoreanism & ,neo-,platonism4 ,9 metaphysics & sci5ce we owe ev]y?+ to ! ,greeks2 9 religion1 z di/+ui%$ f !ology1 we owe no?+4 ,f ! ,greeks we turn to ! ,jews1 to :om alone1 among ! nations ( ! pre-,*ri/ian age1 we ( ! mod]n _w trace back our religi\s l9eage4 ,we speak ( ! religion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z 'reveal$' 9 contra/ ) all o!r pre-,*ri/ian religions4 ,is t di/9ction t5able8 ,if s1 :at does x mean1 & :at ju/ifies u 9 mak+ x8 ,x is cle> t ! answ] mu/ be s\ght 9 :at ! ,old ,te/am5t revelation is1 r ?an 9 ! process by :i* ! ,jews became ! appo9t$ deposit>ies ( x4 ,= :atev] 7 ! prehi/oric elem5ts out ( :i* ! religion ( ,israel came1 :e!r ,assyrian or ,accadian or ,indo-,g]man or ,egyptian1 & :atev] 7 ! /eps by :i* ,israel 0 l$#hc to t doctr9e ( ,god :i* con/itut$ its mission & its message to ! _w1 z we look back f ! po9t ( view ( ,*ri/ianity we see t ! religion ( ,israel /&s to ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ 9 a relation 9 :i* no ,pagan religion /&s#hd4 ,! ,law & ! ,prophets 7 = all ! _w 'a sacr$ s*ool ( ! k ( ,god1 & ! ord]+ ( ! s\l#he4' ,if x is true t ! ,bible only records ! lat] & m important /ages 9 a process :i* began 9 prehi/oric times amid/ ! v>i\s =ms ( poly!i/ic wor%ip1 ev5 if x c\ld be %ewn t ! hi/ory1 z we h x1 has be5 subject$ to successive revisions1 t its laws h be5 codifi$1 its ritual elaborat$1 its symbolism int]pret$1 x w\ld /ill rema9 true t ! religion ( ,israel1 :i* beg9s :]e its hi/ory beg9s1 & ( :i*1 inde$1 its hi/ory is little m ?an ! vehicle1 is b\nd up ) ! ass]tion ( ,mono!ism4 ,! c5tral fact ( its revelation is ?is1 ',he>1 ,o ,israel1 ! ,"l our ,god is ,"o ,"l4' ,! c5tral utt]ance ( its law is1 ',?\ %alt h none o!r gods b ,me4' ,! unity ( ,god1 t tru? :i* o!r religions 7 feel+ aft] & t5d+ t[>ds1 /&s out cle>ly & di/9ctly z ! *>act]i/ic ( ! religion ( ,israel1 & is fe>lessly claim$ z an inh]itance f ! patri>*al age4 ,& n less rem>kable ?an ! ass]tion ( ! unity ( ,god is ! assumption t ?is ,"o ,god is a ,god ( ,righte\sness4 ,he is 'a ,god ( tru? & )\t iniquity2 j & "r is ,he4' ,"h1 aga91 x 0 n t ! religion ( ,israel ass]t$ :at o!r religions d5i$1 b t ,israel proclaim$ cle>ly & ) increas+ c]ta9ty a tru? :i* ! highe/ contempor>y religions 7 /ruggl+ to express4 ,9 ! religion ( ,israel ! pre-,*ri/ian _w rose to articulate religi\s utt]ance4 ,its highe/ & true/ intuitions f\nd a voice4 ,israel _h yet mu* to le>n & mu* to unle>n z to :at true morality is4 ,x _h an?ropomorphisms ( ?\ght & language to get rid (4 ,x _h to rise 9 ,psalmi/ & ,prophet to moral heights unkn[n to ! patri>*al age4 ,b ! rem>kable ?+ is t ! claim is made4 ,morality is claim$ = ,god3 ,god is decl>$ to be irrevocably on ! side ( :at man kn[s z righte\sness4 ,& ?is tru? is proclaim$ n z a discov]y b z a revelation f ,god ,himself4 ,x 0 ?is1 n less ?an ! proclamation ( mono!ism1 :i* made ! tea*+ ( ! ,old ,te/am5t :at x 04 ,x consci\sly trans=m$ ! natural law ( 'might is "r' into ! moral tru? t '"r is might4' ,& ! consequ5ces ( ?is new dep>ture 9 ! religi\s hi/ory ( man 7 f>-rea*+4 ,x made ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! religion ( ,israel & all o!r religions a diff]5ce n m]ely ( degree b ( k9d4 ,! wor%ip ( ! ,"l & ! wor%ip ( ! hea!n gods becomes n only a conflict betwe5 ! true & ! false 9 religion1 b betwe5 ! moral & ! immoral 9 practice4 ,m ?an ?is1 x *anges ! m]e emotional feel+ ( awe & dep5d5ce on invisible p[]s into tru/ & confid5ce4 ,if ,god is irrevocably on ! side ( "r1 ! nation or ! individual1 t is /ruggl+ = ! "r1 is fight+ on ! side ( ,god4 ,x 0 ?is :i* made ! great ,hebrew lead]s1 & ! ,psalmi/s aft] !m1 take x = grant$ t _! cause 0 ! cause ( ,god1 & t ! ,"l ( ,ho/s 0 ) !m4 ,ev5 ! w>s ( ext]m9ation 7 ! expression 9 act ( ! utt] antagonism betwe5 good & evil1 ! cause ( ,god & t ( ,8 enemies4 ,& :5 ,saul sp>$ ,agag x 0 f no excess ( *>ity1 no glimpse ( a high] morality2 x 0 an act ( moral weakness4 ,f9ally1 ?is claim ( morality = ,god preclud$ ! possibility ( su* a collision z took place 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,greeks4 ,! progressive developm5t ( morals 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ! gradual unfold+ ( a p]fect "*#hf 0 also = ,israel a progressive revelation ( ! "* ( ,god4 ,/ep by /ep ! religi\s idea advanc$ ) moral progress4 ,&1 z !y advance1 ! contra/ ) o!r religions becomes m m>k$4 ',x 0 ! f9al di/9ction betwe5 ,poly!ism & ! religion ( ,israel t ! =m] emphasiz$ p[]1 ! latt] ! moral elem5t to :i* x subord9at$ & conjo9$ p[]#hg4' ,& ?is moral conception ( ,god 0 con/antly kept be=e ! p4 ,if !y lapse into idolatry & adopt hea!n practices & hea!n ideas ( ,god1 ! prophets are ready ) ! w>n+ t ,god is ! ,god ( ,israel1 only because ,israel is a *os5 p to be> ,8 "n & ,8 tru? be=e ! _w2 & if !y are false to _! mission1 !y w be reject$4 ,if1 aga91 ! sacrificial sy/em loses its moral significance z ! recognition ( ! hol9ess ( ,god & ! s9fulness ( ! s9n]1 & ! =w>d-po9t+ look t[>ds ! great moral fact ( ! ,atonem5t1 & becomes m]ely ritual1 & p]functory1 & =mal1 ! prophets d>e to d5\nce ev5 ! div9ely ord]$ sacrifices z ?+s :i* ,god hates4 ,yet x 0 n t1 9 ! religion ( ,israel1 morality 0 made ! ess5tial ?+1 a nucleus ( morals1 z x 71 ) a halo ( religi\s emotion r\nd x4 ,x 0 t ! religi\s & ! moral consci\sness are br\ght toge!r 9 a real unity4 ,to love ! ,"l is to hate evil4 ,god is ,"o :o gives ,8 bless+ to ! righte\s1 :ile ! ungodly & him t delighte? 9 wick$ness do? ,8 s\l abhor4 ,he1 !n1 :o w\ld asc5d into ! hill ( ! ,"l & /& 9 ,8 holy place1 mu/ h clean h&s1 & a pure he>t1 & a l[ly m9d4 ,! ,"l ,god is holy4 ,he has no pleasure 9 wick$ness1 nei!r %all any evil dwell ) ,him4 ,righte\sness & judgm5t are ! habitation ( ,8 seat4 ,! sacrifice t ,he loves is ! sacrifice ( righte\sness4 ,he is to be wor%ipp$ 9 ! beauty ( hol9ess4 ,:at ,he requires ( man is t he %all d ju/ly1 & love m]cy1 & walk humbly ) 8 ,god4 ,all ?is1 :i* comes out no d\bt ) increas+ cle>ness 9 ! ,psalms & ,prophets1 is already implicit 9 t e>li] claim made by ! religion ( ,israel1 t ! true ,god is on ! side ( righte\sness1 & t to be false to righte\sness is to be a traitor to ,god4 ,9 ?is union ( religion & morality nei!r is sacrific$ to ! o!r4 ,ea* ga9s f its union ) ! o!r4 ,! religi\s idea ( ,god1 & ! religi\s emotions :i* ga!r r\nd x1 are progressively purifi$ ) ! gr[? ( moral ideas2 & morality receives new life & /r5g? :5 ! moral law is se5 to be ! unfold+ ( ! "* ( a ,righte\s ,god1 & moral evil is kn[n z 's9' aga9/ a ,p]sonal ,be+4 ,! e>ne/ moral prote/ :i* 9 ,greece 0 direct$ aga9/ ! national religion1 is f\nd 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t mak+ common cause ) ! national religion aga9/ ! immoral beliefs ( hea!nism4 ,h5ce ! ,jew 0 n call$ ^u1 z ! ,greek 01 to *oose betwe5 8 religion & 8 consci5ce4 ,he nev] felt ! /ra9 :i* m5 feel 9 ! pres5t day1 :5 a high & pure morality seems rang$ aga9/ religi\s fai?4 ,= ! ,jew e advance 9 moral insight purifi$1 :ile x ju/ifi$1 t idea ( ,god1 :i* he believ$ _h come d[n to him f ! ',fa!r ( ! ,fai?ful4' ,8 hope ( immortality1 8 fai? 9 ! ultimate triumph ( ! ,god ( ,israel1 7 alike bas$ ^u ! conviction t ,god is a ,god ( ju/ice & m]cy1 & t ! ,righte\s ,"o c\ld n fail ,8 p1 or suff] ,8 holy ,"o to see corruption4 ,ev5 ?\gh ) ! gr[? ( morality1 & ! full] unfold+ ( ! "* ( ,god1 !re came1 l a %ad[ ca/ by light1 ! deep5+ consci\sness ( s9 z ! b>ri] betwe5 man & ,god1 ! ,jew refus$ to believe t ! sep>ation 0 = ev]4 ,s9 0 a disease :i* ne$$ heal+1 a bondage :i* call$ = a deliv]]1 a /ate ( indebt$ness f :i* man c\ld n free himself4 ,b ,israel believ$ 9 & look$ =w>d to1 ) confid5ce & hope1 ! ,r$eem] :o %\ld come to ,zion & save ,8 p f _! s9s4 ,! f9al revelation ( ,*ri/ianity came outw>dly z a cont9uation & developm5t ( ! religion ( ,israel1 & claim$ to be ! fulfilm5t ( ,israel's hope4 ,x 0 a 'republication' ( ! highe/ tru? ab\t ,god :i* _h be5 realiz$ hi!rto4 ,= x came 'n to de/roy b to fulfil4' ,god is /ill ! ,et]nally ,"o1 ! ,et]nally ,righte\s4 ,n sacrifice b hol9ess1 n ext]nal 'works' b inw>d 'fai?1' n ! de$s ( ! law1 b ! righte\sness :i* is ( ,god--?is is :at ,he requires4 ,he is /ill ! ,god ( ,israel4 ,b ,israel accord+ to ! fle% _h ceas$ to be ! ,israel ( ,god1 & ! *ildr5 ( fai?ful ,abraham1 9 :om1 accord+ to ! anci5t promise1 all ! families ( ! e>? %\ld be bless$1 are to be ga!r$ f ea/ & we/ & nor? & s\?1 f circumcis$ & uncircumcis$1 b>b>ian1 ,scy?ian1 bond or free1 & recognis$ z "o family "u ! "o ,fa!r4 ,if ,*ri/ianity _h be5 ?is & ?is only1 ,*ri/ might h claim$ to be a great prophet1 break+ ! sil5ce ( #djj ye>s1 re/or+ ! anci5t fai?1 & truly int]pret+ & c>ry+ =w>d ! _s ( ! anci5t revelation4 ,b ,he claim$ to be m ?an ?is4 ,he claim$1 z ! ,son ( ,god1 to be n only ! true1 b ! only1 ,reveal] ( ! ,fa!r4 ,= 'no man kn[e? ! ,fa!r b ! ,son1 & he to :om ! ,son %all reveal ,him4' ,:at fre% *>act]i/ics1 !n1 has ?is new revelation to add to ! ,old ,te/am5t tea*+ ab\t ,god8 ,he is /ill ,"o1 ! only ,god4 ,he is p]fect ,righte\sness1 yet1 z ev5 ! old] religion knew1 a ,god ( lov+-k9dness & t5d] m]cy1 ',:o wills n ! dea? ( ! s9n]4' ,b m ?an all ?is1 ,he is n[ reveal$ to man z ,inf9ite ,love1 ! ,"o ,fa!r ( humanity1 ,^: only begott5 ,son is ,inc>nate & 'made man t we may be made ,god4' ,n "o jot or tittle ( ! old revelation ( ,god1 z a ,god ( ,righte\sness1 is lo/ or cancell$4 ,! moral tea*+ is /]n & uncompromis+ z ev]4 ,god's love1 :i* is ,himself1 is n ! inv]tebrate amiability1 or weak good-natur$ness1 to :i* "s w\ld r$uce x4 ',! highe/ righte\sness ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is rais$ to ! complet5ess ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt#hh4' ,! ,new ,te/am5t1' x has be5 said1 ') all its glad tid+s ( m]cy1 is a sev]e book#hi4' ,= ! goodness & ! sev]ity ( ,god are1 z x 71 ! convex & ! concave 9 ,8 moral nature4 ,b :at seiz$ ^u ! imag9ation ( mank9d z ! di/9ctive revelation ( ,*ri/ianity 0 ! inf9ite love & t5d]ness & compassion ( ?is ,righte\s ,god = s9ful man4 ,x 0 ?is :i* %one out 9 ! "* ( ,*ri/1 ,he 0 ,v ,god1 ) a ,div9e hatr$ ( evil1 yet liv+ z man among m51 reveal+ ! true idea ( ,god1 & n only realiz+ 9 ,8 human life ! moral ideal ( man1 b by tak+ human nature into ,himself sett+ loose a p[] ( moral reg5]ation1 ( :i* ! _w _h nev] dream$4 ,! advance :i* ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/ makes ^u ! ,old ,te/am5t revelation consi/s !n1 n only 9 ! new tru? x tea*es z to ! "* ( ,god1 b 9 ! new relation :i* x e/abli%es betwe5 ,god & man4 ,s soon z m5 le>n ! ,old ,te/am5t tru? t ,god is et]nally on ! side ( righte\sness1 ! awe & cr++ fe>1 :i* lies beh9d hea!n religions1 & ju/ifies u 9 call+ !m sup]/itions1 gives place to tru/ful confid5ce1 :i* deep5s into fai?1 & ga!rs r\nd x ^? affections & desires = union ) ,god :i* f9d expression 9 ! book ( ,psalms4 ,! sa9ts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t c\ld 're/ 9 ! ,"l' & wait = ! v9dication ( ,8 ,righte\sness 9 human life2 !y c\ld ye>n = ,8 pres5ce & hope = ! day :5 !y %\ld 'see ! ,k+ 9 ,8 beauty4' ,b !y 7 yet sep>at$ f ,him by ! unoblit]at$ fact ( s94 ,eno* 'walk$ ) ,god1' ,abraham 0 call$ '! fri5d ( ,god1' ,moses '! ,"l knew face to face1' ,david 0 'a man aft] ,god's own he>t1' ,daniel 'a man greatly belov$4' ,b "o & all ( ^! fell %ort1 & necess>ily fell %ort1 ( ! clos5ess ( t union :i* is ! ,*ri/ian's bir?right4 ,9 ! ,gospel1 ,god is reveal$ z "o ) man4 ,& ?is tru? *ang$ ! :ole attitude & atmosph]e ( wor%ip4 ,!re 0 wor%ip /ill1 = humanity 0 n m]g$ & lo/ 9 ,godhead4 ,!re is no ,*ri/ian r+ ab\t ! /atem5t#ij t '9 ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! consci\sness t he is p>tak] ( ! ,div9e exi/5ce1 man no long] su/a9s ! relation ( ,dep5d5ce b ( ,love4' ,r ! anti!sis betwe5 dep5d5ce & fre$om is de/roy$4 ,z p]fect love ca/s out fe>1 yet leaves rev]5ce1 s ! consci\sness ( union ) ,god1 z di/9ct f absorption 9 ,him1 :ile x de/roys ! la/ remnant ( :at is s]vile & degrad+ 9 religi\s emotion1 & gives man fre$om1 yet gives ! fre$om ( lov+ dep5d5ce ^u ,god4 ,& by ?is gift x sets free new affections & appeals to new motives4 ,x 0 ! assur$ consci\sness ( union ) ,god :i* gave ! fir/ ,*ri/ians _! p[] 9 ! great moral /ruggles ( _! day4 ,_! moral ideal ) its l(t9ess1 its purity1 its p]fect tru?fulness1 w\ld by its v p]fectness h p>alyz$ ef=t1 _h !y n believ$ t !y 7 "o ) ,him ,:o _h n only proclaim$ b realiz$ x1 t !y c\ld d all ?+s ?r\gh ,*ri/ :i* /r5g!n$ !m4 ,& ! horror ( s91 :i* 0 a *>act]i/ic note ( ,*ri/ian e?ics1 0 due to ! same fact4 ,unrighte\sness1 n only z "u ! ,old ,te/am5t1 rang$ a man on ! side ( ! enemies ( ,god1 b accord+ to its degree t5d$ to break ! sup]natural bond :i* ?r\gh ! ,inc>nation unit$ m5 ) ,god4 ,impurity1 :i* meant s little = ! civiliz$ _w ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian c5turies1 0 = ! ,*ri/ian n defilem5t only1 b sacrilege1 = 8 body 0 ,god's temple4 ,! love ( ! _w 0 enmity aga9/ ,god1 yet ! neglect ( social duties1 & ( all t is n[ summ$ up 9 ! 's]vice ( man1' 0 = ! ,*ri/ian ipso facto ! decl>+ himself outside ! love ( ,god1 j z1 conv]sely1 ! love ( ! bre?r5 0 ! pro( t he _h 'pass$ f dea? unto life4' ,?us 9 primitive ,*ri/ianity ! religi\s & ! moral consci\sness 7 at "o1 z 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b bo? are n[ rais$ to _! highe/ level4 ,free scope is giv5 = ! developm5t ( bo?1 & ! satisfaction ( ! dem&s ( bo?1 9 ,*ri/ian life & ,*ri/ian wor%ip4 ,side by side !y f\ght & triumph$ ov] hea!nism1 tak+ up & assimilat+ all t 0 be/ & true/ 9 non-,*ri/ian e?ics4 ,& ?\gh ,*ri/ians 7 long 9 le>n+ :at mann] ( _s !y 7 (1 x seem$ z if a real conflict betwe5 religion & morals1 )9 ! area ( ,*ri/ianity1 0 impossible4 ,& yet aga9 & aga91 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 su* a conflict has come ab\t4 ,e moral re=mation )9 ! ,*ur* 0 a prote/ ( ! consci5ce aga9/ unwor?y views ( ,god2 e new ,ord] t 0 f\nd$ 0 a nurs]y ( moral re=mation4 ,yet e prote/ aga9/ =malism & unreality 9 religion1 e attack on ecclesia/icism & 'prie/craft' 9 ! ,*ur*1 or on worldl9ess & laxity 9 pr(ess+ ,*ri/ians1 ow$ its /r5g? to ! reass]tion ( ! tru?1 t 9 ! ,*ri/ian idea religion & morals are insep>ably unit$4 ,! moral re=m] always claim$ ,*ri/ianity on 8 side1 :5 attack+ ! ,*ri/ianity ( 8 day4 ,?is 0 conspicu\sly s 9 ! great moral upheaval ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,9 actual fact1 religion & morality _h sep>at$4 ,& ! ne>] "o got to ! c5tre ( ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom1 ! m op5 & unaba%$ ! neglect ( morality 04 ,9 ,italy ( ! fifte5? c5tury r5aissance we see1 9 /range confusion1 'all t we love 9 art1 & all t we loa! 9 man#ia4' ,x seem$ z if1 z 9 ! old riddle1 a sw>m ( bees _h settl$ 9 ! dead lion's c>cass1 & !re 0 sweetness in/ead ( /r5g?1 corruption :]e once 0 life4 ,:5 ! new c5tury op5$1 ,borgia 0 ! supreme ,bi%op ( ! ,we/1 & ! /r5g? ( ! prote/ ( ,*ri/ianity aga9/ immorality may be ga!r$ f ! li/ ( prices to be paid to ! p>don]4 ,! dev\t retir$ f ! conte/ into ! sev]] discipl9e ( ! mona/ic life1 & hop$ aga9/ hope = ! days ( a ,papa angelicus1 :o nev] came4 ,yet :5 ! /ra9$ relations ( religion & morals result$ 9 a revolution1 x nev] occurr$ to ^?1 :o _h a moral re=mation at he>t1 to say t religion 0 outgr[n1 & morality mu/ h5ce=? take its place4 ,!y appeal$ f ! ,*ri/ianity ( ! sixte5? c5tury to ! ,*ri/ianity ( ,*ri/4 ,ev5 ( ^? :o1 9 _! fe> ( pop]y1 broke away f>!/ f ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god1 all1 if we except ! ,anabapti/s1 claim$ ! ,bible on _! side4 ,x 0 a g5u9e moral revolt aga9/ a religion :i* _h come to tol]ate immorality4 ,! hatr$ ( 'ecclesia/icism' & 'sac]dotalism' 0 n at fir/ a rejection ( ! ,*ur* & ! ,prie/hood1 b a prote/ aga9/ any?+ :i*1 "u ! sacr$ "n ( religion1 becomes a cov] = unreality1 or makes s9 a ?+ easy to be aton$ =4 ,! ,re=mation 0 a moral prote/1 & its results 7 se5 )9 z well z outside ! ,roman communion4 ,! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t 0 a re=m+ ,c\ncil2 ! ,jesuits 7 ! *ildr5 ( ! ,re=mation2 & ,roman ,*ri/ianity 9 ! /r5g? ( its own moral revival1 ev5 9 ! mom5t ( defeat1 became aga9 'a conqu]+ p[]#ib4' ,on ! o!r h&1 ^? ^: fir/ impulse 0 a prote/ 9 fav\r ( a moral religion & a belief 9 a ,god :o hates iniquity1 h bequea!d to ! _w a legacy ( immorality1 ( :i* !y nev] dreamt1 & ( :i* we1 9 ! pres5t day1 are feel+ ! full effects4 ,lu!ranism />ts ) ! belief t ,god is love3 ,calv9ism ) ! conception ( ,god z p[]4 ,) ! =m]1 ! desire1 at all co/s1 to gu>d ! belief 9 ! fre$om ( ,god's grace1 l$ to a morbid fe> ( righte\sness1 z if x 7 someh[ a rival to fai?4 ,) ! latt]1 a "o-sid$ view ( ! p[] ( ,god gradually obscur$ ! fact t righte\sness & ju/ice et]nally condition its ex]cise4 ,if ! "o 01 z hi/ory %ews u1 9 con/ant dang] ( ,ant9omian developm5ts1 ! o!r /ruck at ! root ( morality by mak+ ,god ,himself unju/4 ,=5sic fictions ( sub/itution1 immoral !ories ( ! ,atonem5t1 '! r5d+ asund] ( ! ,tr9ity' & ! oppos+ ( ! ,div9e ,p]sons1 l p>ties 9 a lawsuit#ic1 7 ! natural coroll>ies ( a !ory :i* taught t ,god 0 above morality & man b5ea? x4 ,h[ deeply ^! false views ( ,god h influ5c$ ,engli% religi\s ?\ght is %ewn by ! fact t e attack on ! moral1 z di/+ui%$ f ! intellectual position ( ,*ri/ianity1 is demon/rably an attack on t :i* is n ,*ri/ianity1 b a m$iaeval or mod]n p]v]sion ( x4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill's well-kn[n words#id1 ',i w call no be+ good1 :o is n :at ,i mean :5 ,i apply t epi!t to my fell[ creatures1' 0 a noble ass]tion ( 'immutable morality' aga9/ a religion1 :i* alas6 he mi/ook = ,*ri/ianity4 ,! consci5ce ( to-day1--& x is a real ga9 t x %\ld be s1--refuses to believe t ! imprimatur ( religion c be giv5 to t :i* is n good1 or t ,god w\ld put u to moral confusion4 ,x w\ld r give up religion altoge!r ?an accept "o :i* w n endorse & advance our highe/ moral ideas4 ,b m5 d n always /op to make ! necess>y di/9ctions4 ,on ! "o side !y see a traditional view ( religion :i* !y _c h>monise ) ! highe/ morality2 on ! o!r1 !y see a morality1 :i*1 ?\gh x has gr[n up "u ! %ad[ & %elt] ( religion1 seems /rong en\gh to /& alone4 ,& _! fir/ ?\ght is ',away ) religion4 ,we h outgr[n x4 ,h5ce=w>d we w h morals un5cumb]$ by religion4' ,:at w\ld be ! effect on ! morals ( a nation ( ?us r5\nc+ ! religi\s sanction x is n safe to pr$ict4 ,9 individuals c]ta9ly x sometimes has disa/r\s results4 ,b !re is "o ?+ :i* ^? :o talk ab\t ! 'secul>ization ( morals#ie' seldom take into acc\nt1 & t is ! effect on :at1 9 contra/ to morals1 !y call religion4 ,! religi\s consci\sness always refuses to be treat$ z defunct1 & ! religi\s emotions1 if !y no long] f9d _! object 9 a ,god ( ,righte\sness1 & are no long] controll$ by morality1 w n be satisfi$ ) ! wor%ip ( ! ,unkn[able or ( idealiz$ humanity1 b w av5ge !mselves1 z !y h done aga9 & aga91 9 sup]/ition#if4 ,& ! attempt to d )\t religion 9 morals is z unphilosophical z x is dang]\s4 ,x is p>allel to :at1 9 ! region ( morality prop]1 we all recognise z a false asceticism4 ,x is ! attempt to cru% out1 r ?an to purify4 ,:5 m5 realize ! dang] ( giv+ ! re9 to ! animal passions1 !re are always to be f\nd morali/s :o w treat ^! passions z 9 !mselves evil1 & advocate ! suppression ( !m4 ,& only aft] an ant9omian revolt aga9/ t false tea*+ d m5 realize t morality is n ! de/ruction1 b ! purification & regulation ( ! passions4 ,s ) religion & ! religi\s emotions4 ,! function ( morality is to purify ! religi\s idea ( ,god1 & religion & morality are /rong & true 9 proportion z ea* uses ! help ( ! o!r4 ,b nei!r c treat ! o!r z subord9ate4 ,god is m ?an :at ,kant makes ,him1 ! ultimate ju/ification ( morality3 morality is m ?an :at "s religi\s p w\ld h x1 ob$i5ce to ! positive comm&s ( ev5 ,god ,himself4 ,9 exp]i5ce we f9d !m sep>ate & ev5 oppos$3 ideally !y are "o1 unit$ n confus$4 ,sep>at$1 religion t5ds to become sup]/iti\s1 morality to deg5]ate into a m]e prud5tialism1 or at lea/ an exp&$ utilit>ianism4 ,unit$1 religion gives to "r t absolute "* :i* makes x defiant ( consequ5ces2 morality safegu>ds ! idea ( ,god f aught t is unwor?y ( ! wor%ip ( moral be+s4 ,z ! result ( all ! conflicts :i* h rag$ r\nd ! idea ( ,god s f> z morals are conc]n$1 "o tru? has burn$ itself into ! consci\sness ( bo? ! apologi/s & oppon5ts ( religion1 a tru? z old inde$ z ! religion ( ,israel1 b only sl[ly realiz$ 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 ! tru?1 namely1 t ! religi\s idea ( ,god mu/ claim & ju/ify itself to ! highe/ kn[n morality1 & no am\nt ( au?ority1 ecclesia/ical or civil1 w make m5 wor%ip an immoral ,god4 ,& already t tru? has ?r[n back its light ^u que/ions ( ,old ,te/am5t morality4 ,we no long] say1 ',x is 9 ! ,bible1 approv$ or all[$ by ,god1 & !re=e x mu/ be "r4' ,x 0 ?is view :i*1 9 e age1 has giv5 its protection to religi\s w>s & intol]ance & p]secution4 ,b we look back & see 9 ! p]spective ( hi/ory h[ ,god 9 e age takes man z he is t ,he may make him :at he is n4 ,we see 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t n only ! revelation ( ! ,righte\sness ( ,god1 b ! record ( ! way 9 :i*1 9 spite ( wayw>dness & disob$i5ce1 ,he rais$ ,8 p to ! k ( ! tru?4 ,,vi4 ,b ! religi\s idea ( ,god 9 our day1 z 9 =m] ages1 is *all5g$ n only by consci5ce1 b by ! speculative reason4 ,& !re is a close p>allelism betwe5 ! two conflicts4 ,:5 religion & morals are oppos$1 m5 naturally say1 ',give u morals2 away ) religion4' ,& ! answ] is--,true religion is moral2 t :i* is n moral is n true2 & morality )\t religion w n only leave ! religi\s consci\sness unsatisfi$1 b fall %ort ( its own true p]fection4 ,s :5 religion & philosophy are oppos$1 m5 say once m1 ',give u reason2 away ) religion4' ,& ! answ] aga9 is--,true religion is rational3 if x excludes reason1 x is self-condemn$4 ,& reason )\t religion fails ( its object1 s9ce1 if philosophy c f9d no place = religion1 x _c expla9 man4 ,b "h aga9 no?+ is ga9$ by confus+ ! issue1 or d5y+ ! actual fact ( ! collision4 ,we may say ) ,lacordaire1 ',god is ! prop] "n ( tru?1 z tru? is ! ab/ract "n ( ,god4' ,b x is n a matt] ( indiff]5ce f :i* po9t we />t1 :e!r ) religion we approa* ,god fir/ z a moral ,be+1 or ) philosophy seek = ,him z ! tru? ( man & nature4 ,! motto ( ,ox=d ,univ]sity1 ,dom9us ,illum9atio mea1 altoge!r *anges its mean+ if we read x ,illum9atio ,dom9us meus4 ,z ,rville says1 ',a religion may become philosophical1 b no philosophy has ev] f\nd$ a religion possess+ real hi/orical p[]#ig4' ,& x is a fact pat5t to ! obs]vation ( all1 t x is easi] to make religion philosophical ?an to make philosophy 9 any real s5se religi\s4 ,! reason ( ?is is obvi\s4 ,religion is n only fir/ 9 ! field1 x cov]s ! :ole gr\nd be=e ei!r morals or sci5ce h atta9$ _! full developm5t1 or ev5 em]g$ into consci\s life4 ,b :5 we speak ( philosophy1 we h rea*$ a /age 9 :i* ! reason has already sep>at$ itself f1 & set itself ov] aga9/1 ! religi\s consci\sness1 & mu/ ei!r absorb religion into itself1 9 :i* case religion ceases to be religion1 or mu/ leave religion outside1 ?\gh x may borr[ & appropriate religi\s t]ms4 ,if1 !n1 ! idea ( ,god is to appeal to bo? ! religi\s consci\sness & ! speculative reason x mu/ be by claim+ philosophy = religion1 n by claim+ religion = philosophy4 ,x is f )91 n f )\t1 t religion mu/ be def5d$4 ,9 ,greece ! traditional poly!ism 0 *all5g$1 z we h se51 at once on ! side bo? ( morals & metaphysics4 ,to ,x5ophanes1 inde$1 ! unity ( ,god is ev5 m ess5tial ?an ,8 morality1 & ! attack on an?ropomorphism is z mu* an attack ^u ! numb] ( ! gods ( ,hesiod z ^u ! immoral "* attribut$ to !m4 ,9 ! unity1 h[ev]1 :i* ,x5ophanes cont5ds =1 ! religi\s idea ( ,god is s att5uat$1 t we h>dly "k :e!r ! ,"o ,god is a p]son1 or an ab/raction4 ,inde$1 x is h>d to see h[ a *ampion ( ,eleaticism c\ld consi/5tly h held ! p]sonality ( ,god1 z we und]/& x1 )\t fall+ "u 8 own *>ge ( an?ropomorphism4 ,9 ,plato ! same difficulty appe>s1 only complicat$ or reliev$ by ! fact t :ile f ! moral side he talks l a !i/1 f ! metaphysical 8 tea*+ is pan!i/ic4 ,is ! ',idea ( ,good' p]sonal8 ,is x a ,god we c love & wor%ip1 or only a ,god we c talk ab\t8 ,is ! vision ( ,er a concession to popul> views1 or ! vehicle ( moral & religi\s tru?8 ,! "q is h>dly m easy to decide ) reg>d to ,ari/otle4 ,! religi\s atmosph]e1 :i* l+]s on 9 ,plato1 has disappe>$4 ,:at ( ! religi\s belief8 ,did ,ari/otle 9 any intelligible s5se hold ! p]sonality ( ,god8 ,great names are rang$ on bo? sides ( ! m$iaeval controv]sy4 ,:o %all decide8 ,b :e!r or no any?+ ( religion surviv$ 9 philosophy1 x 0 n /rong en\gh to )/& ! attack ( ! moral & ! speculative reason1 /ill less to claim ^! z its own4 ,x is n on ! side ( religion1 b ( speculation1 t we are debtors to ! ,greeks4 ,among ! ,jews1 on ! o!r h&1 speculation seems h>dly to h exi/$4 ,religion 0 satisfi$ to make good h] claim to ! region ( morals4 ,god 0 ,"o1 & ,he 0 ,righte\s1 b ! my/]y :i* envelop$ ,8 nature ! ,old ,te/am5t does n attempt to fa?om4 ',cl\ds & d>kness are r\nd ab\t ,him1' yet out ( ! ?ick d>kness comes ! cle> unfalt]+ tru? t ',righte\sness & judgm5t are ! habitation ( ,8 seat4' ,jewi% religion & ,greek speculation _h little contact1 & less k9%ip1 till ! be/ days ( bo? 7 pass$4 ,b 9 ! days ( ! disp]sion we get ! beg9n+ ( ! m+l+ ( ^? /reams :i* 7 only unit$ "u ! high] unity ( ,*ri/ianity4 ',) ! ,jews ( ! ,ea/1' x has be5 said1 're/$ ! future ( ,judaism3 ) !m ( ! ,we/1 9 a s5se1 t ( ! _w4 ,! "o repres5t$ old ,israel1 grop+ back into ! d>kness ( ! pa/2 ! o!r "y ,israel1 /ret*+ =? its h&s to :]e ! dawn ( a new day 0 ab\t to break#ih4' ,! ,septuag9t translation ?rew op5 to ! ,greek _w ! sacr$ books ( ,israel4 ,! ,apocrypha1 ) all its glorification ( ,judaism1 0 bo? an apology & an eir5icon#ii4 ,x seem$ z if 9 ,wisdom p]sonifi$ might be f\nd a middle t]m betwe5 ! religion ( ,israel & ! philosophy ( ,greece1 & ! life ( righte\sness might be id5tifi$ ) ! life ( true wisdom4 ,! ,jews ( ,alex&ria 7 ?us will+ to f9d a /ra9 ( tru? 9 ,greek philosophy1 & ,alex&rian ,greeks 7 f\nd ready 'to spiritualize _! s5su\s div9ities#ajj4' ,b ! result 0 a compromise1 9 :i* ! di/9ctive elem5ts ( ea* 7 n h>moniz$ b lo/4 ,!re 0 no fusion z yet ( ,jewi% & ,greek ?\ght1 only ea* 0 le>n+ to und]/& ! o!r1 & unconsci\sly prep>+ = ! high] syn!sis ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,:e!r we ?9k ( ,*ri/ z ! ',son ( ,man1' or z ! ,reveal] ( ,god1 ,*ri/ianity is b\nd to transc5d national di/9ctions1 & to claim n only ! :ole ( humanity1 b ! :ole ( man1 8 reason1 no less ?an 8 he>t & w4 ,& ?is ,*ri/ did 9 a special way4 ,he n only speaks ( ,himself z '! ,tru?1' & z hav+ come 'to be> witness to ! ,tru?1' b ! v complem5t 7if we may say s7 ( ,8 revelation ( ! ,fa!r 0 ! s5d+ '! ,_s ( ,tru?1' :o %\ld tea* ,8 disciples all ?+s4 ,?is possession ( 'tru?' is always spok5 ( by ,*ri/ z a future ?+1 implicit inde$ 9 ,himself1 ,:o is ! ,tru?1 b only to be explicitly decl>$ & br\ght to remembrance :5 ! ,_s ( ,tru? %\ld come4 ,he 0 to guide !m 'into all tru?4' ',ye %all "k ! tru?1 & ! tru? %all make y free4' ,x 0 inevitable1 !n1 t ! "q %\ld arise1--,w ?is religion1 :i* has brok5 ?r\gh ! n>r[ness ( ,judaism1 & yet by its belief 9 a ,god ( righte\sness & love combat$ & triumph$ ov] hea!n immorality1 h ! p[] to assimilate & absorb ! philosophy ( ,greece8 ,! great crisis 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 z we see x1 look+ back f ! security ( eighte5 c5turies1 0 ?is3--,w ,*ri/ianity1 ) all its moral triumphs1 become a tribut>y to ,greek philosophy1 z repres5t$ by ! ,s*ools ( ,alex&ria1 or w x claim & trans=m ! rational1 z x has trans=m$ ! moral1 progress ( humanity8 ,! answ] ( ,*ri/ianity is unhesitat+4 ,*ri/ianity is tru?1 & !re is only "o tru?4 ,*ri/ianity is wisdom1 & !re is only "o wisdom2 = ! wisdom ( ! _w is n wisdom b folly4 ,& at once ! rival claim is made4 ,:y n a division ( t]ritory8 ,k = ! philosoph]2 fai? = ! ,*ri/ian4 ,! ,gno/ics taught1 z a mod]n philosoph] tea*es1 t religion is 'reason talk+ naively1' & t1 good z x is = ord9>y p1 ! ,gno/ic c af=d to d )\t x4 ,e "o kn[s ! answ] ( ! ,apo/les to ! insidi\s sugge/ions ( ,gno/icism4 ,to ,s4 ,pet] x is 'a damnable h]esy1 ev5 d5y+ ! ,"l :o b\ght u#aja4' ,to ,s4 ,paul x is ! 'sci5ce falsely s call$#ajb' ! 'k :i* puffs up#ajc2' ! 'wisdom ( ?is _w#ajd4' ,to ,s4 ,john1 ,c]9?us 0 '! enemy ( ! tru?#aje4' ,to ,s4 ,polyc>p1 ,m>cion is '! fir/born ( ,satan4' ,x nev] occurr$ to ! ,apo/les1 or ! ,apologi/s aft] !m1 to retreat into ! fa/nesses ( a reasonless fai?4 ,= ) !m fai? 0 implicit k1 & ! only k t 0 true4 ,x 0 ! collision ( ,*ri/ianity ) ,greek ?\ght :i* gave rise to ,*ri/ian !ology 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m4 ,its necessity 0 ! claim+ ( ,greek z well z ,jew2 its ju/ification 0 ! belief 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,_s ( tru?2 its impulse ! desire 'to "k ! ?+s :i* are freely giv5 to u by ,god#ajf4' ,! fir/ ,*ri/ians 7 n !ologians4 ,!y 7 'unle>n$ & ignorant m54' ,:5 ,*ri/ prea*$1 ! common p he>d ,him gladly1 ! publicans & ! h>lots believ$ ,him1 ! poor f\nd 9 ,8 tea*+ 'good news1' & a few fi%]m5 devot$ _! lives to ,him4 ,b ! ,scribes & ,ph>isees /ood alo(2 & ! rationali/ic ,sadducees ask$ ,him capti\s que/ions2 & ! ,h]odians1 ! ,era/ians ( ! day1 tri$ to involve ,him ) ! secul> p[]4 ,x 0 only :5 *all5g$ by an e>ne/1 b non-religi\s philosophy1 t reason came =w>d1 9 ! /r5g? ( ! ,_s ( tru?1 to int]pret to itself & to ! _w ! revelation ( ,*ri/4 ,religion & !ology 9 diff]5t ways h to d ) ! k ( ,god & ( spiritual tru?4 ,!y h ! same object1 ,god1 b _! aims & _! me?ods are diff]5t4 ,religion kn[s ,god2 !ology is conc]n$ ) ! idea ( ,god4 ,religion sees2 !ology ?9ks4 ,religion beg9s & ends 9 an almo/ in/9ctive attitude ( wor%ip2 !ology rationalizes & def9es ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,object ( wor%ip4 ,z reason seeks to int]pret feel+1 s !ology int]prets religion4 ,x makes explicit :at is implicit 9 religion4 ',z ! intellect is cultivat$ & exp&$1 x _c refra9 f ! attempt to analyse ! vision :i* influ5ces ! he>t1 & ! object 9 :i* x c5tres2 nor does x /op till x has1 9 "s sort1 succe$$ 9 express+ 9 words1 :at has all along be5 a pr9ciple bo? ( ! affections & ( practical ob$i5ce#ajg4' ,x takes ! facts :i* ! religi\s consci\sness has seiz$1 seeks to br+ !m into di/9ctness be=e ! m5tal vision1 to connect !m ) "o ano!r 9 a coh]5t sy/em1 & f9d 9 !m ! explanation & unity ( all t is4 ,*ri/ian !ology gr[s naturally out ( ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,b religion is a div9e life2 !ology a div9e sci5ce4 ,?is expla9s ! fact t ?\gh bo? religion & !ology h to d ) ! k ( ,god1 & ideally "w 9 p]fect h>mony1 yet !y are (t5 f\nd oppos$4 ,!ology is always 9 dang] ( becom+ unreal4 ,:at is an int]pretation = "o age becomes 'a tongue n und]/&$' 9 ! next4 ,h5ce :5 a revival ( religi\s life comes1 x frequ5tly %ews itself 9 an attack on ! receiv$ !ology4 ,!ology is no long] reg>d$ z ! sci5tific expression ( ! v tru?s :i* religion values2 x is conceiv$ ( z ! anti!sis ( religion1 & re=m]s dream ( a new !ology :i* %all be = !m :at1 ?\gh !y "k x n1 ! old !ology 0 to _! pr$ecessors1 ! h&maid & gu>dian ( religi\s tru?4 ,:5 ,m>t9 ,lu!r said t 'an old woman :o reads h] ,bible 9 ! *imney corn] kn[s m ab\t ,god ?an ! great doctors ( !ology1' he 0 emphasis+ ! sev]ance :i*1 9 8 day1 _h come1 to exi/ betwe5 a religi\s life & !ological or?odoxy4 ,& :5 9 8 ,table ,talk he says1 ',a ,juri/ may be a rogue1 b a !ologian mu/ be a man ( piety1' he t\*es a real tru?4 ,a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 amid ! confusions & unrealities ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,john ,smi?#ajh1 ! ,cambridge ,platoni/1 said ! same3 ',!y are n always ! be/ skill$ 9 div9ity1' he says1 't are mo/ /udi$ 9 ^? p&ects into :i* x is sometimes dige/$4' ',7 ,i to def9e div9ity1 ,i %\ld r call x a div9e life ?an a div9e sci5ce4' ,te*nically1 no d\bt1 he 0 wrong1 = !ology is a sci5ce & n a life1 b1 l ,lu!r1 he 0 v9dicat+ ! tru? t x is possible = q simple p to "k ,god1 ?\gh !y h no k ( !ology1 & t !ology1 :5 x becomes speculative & ab/ract1 ceases to be !ology4 ,a !ologian1 z ,mazz9i says ( an arti/1 'mu/ be a high-prie/ or a *>latan4' ,b ! _w dislikes a high-prie/1 & good p dislike a *>latan4 ,& ! consequ5ce is t !ology1 anci5t or mod]n1 is attack$ f two v diff]5t po9ts ( view1 by ^? :o look ^u x z ! anti!sis ( '! simple ,gospel1' & by ^? :o approa* x f ! side ( speculative ?\ght4 ,!ology claims to be a div9e sci5ce4 ,religi\s p attack x because x is a sci5ce2 philosoph]s because x claims to be div9e4 ,to ! =m]1 religion express$ 9 rational t]ms ceases to be religion2 to ! latt]1 t sci5ce is no sci5ce :i* claims = itself unique conditions4 ,yet ,s4 ,paul seems to recognise bo? ! necessity & ! uniqu5ess ( !ology :5 he says to ! ,greeks ( ,cor9?1 ',we receiv$ n ! _s ( ! _w1 b ! _s :i* is ( ,god1 t we might "k ! ?+s t are freely giv5 u by ,god4' ,x is ! relation ( ,*ri/ian !ology to philosophy & sci5ce ) :i* we are specially conc]n$4 ,b x is impossible to pass by ! objection to !ology :i* comes z x 7 ab intra f ! side ( religion4 ,= if x is valid1 !n ,*ri/ianity may z well give up at once any idea ( be+ ! religion ( man4 ,yet p say1 ',:y h a !ology8 ,human reason _c se>* out ! deep ?+s ( ,god2 x w only put new difficulties 9 a bro!r's way2 :y n re/ cont5t ) ! words ( ,holy ,scripture1 ) simple tru?s l ,god is love1 & simple duties l ,love "o ano!r1 & leave !ology alone8' ,n[ )\t d5y+ :at ,george ,eliot calls '! "r ( ! individual to g5]al haz9ess1' or ass]t+ t e ,*ri/ian mu/ be a !ologian1 we may surely say t ,*ri/ianity is b\nd to h a !ology4 ,& ev5 individual ,*ri/ians1 if !y ev] gr[ into ! manhood ( reason1 mu/ h a !ology1 or cease to be religi\s4 ,! prote/ aga9/ !ology f ! side ( religion looks mode/ & *>itable en\gh till we rememb] t religi\s haz9ess is g5]ally1 if n always1 ! outcome ( moral laz9ess2 t x implies ! neglect ( a duty & ! neglect ( a gift2--! duty ( realiz+ to ! reason ! revelation ( ,*ri/1 & ! gift ( ! ,_s ( ,tru? to enable u to d x4 ,m ?an ?is1 ! prote/ aga9/ !ology 9 ! int]e/s ( religion is irrational & suicidal4 ,to tell a ?9k+ man t he ne$ n int]pret to 8 reason :at religion tells him ( ,god1 is l say+ to him1 ',be religi\s if y w1 b y ne$ n let y\r religion influ5ce y\r conduct4' ,if ,*ri/ianity _h be5 cont5t to be a moral religion1 if x _h ab&on$ its claim to rationality & _h left ,greek speculation alone1 x mu/ h accept$ ei!r ! ,gno/ic division ( t]ritory1 or recognis$ an int]nec9e conflict betwe5 religion & philosophy4 ,& x did nei!r2 b1 "u ! guidance ( ! ,_s ( ,tru?1 ,*ri/ian !ology arose & claim$ ! reason ( ! anci5t _w4 ,?us z ! religion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t claims morality = ,god1 s ,*ri/ianity goes fur!r & claims to hold ! key to ! intellectual problems ( ! _w4 ,s f> z ! nature ( ,god is conc]n$1 ,*ri/ianity met ! intellectual difficulties ( ! fir/ c5turies by ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,f "t to "t p make ! discov]y t ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is old] ?an ,*ri/ianity4 ,if ! discov]] is a ,*ri/ian apologi/1 he usually expla9s t ,god has giv5 anticipatory revelations to m5 ( old1 & po9ts out h[ !y fall %ort ( ! revelation ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,if he is an oppon5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 he triumphantly claims to h unmask$ ! doctr9e & track$ x d[n to a purely natural orig94 ',p ?9k1' says ,hegel1 't by pron\nc+ a doctr9e to be ,neo-,platonic1 !y h ipso facto bani%$ x f ,*ri/ianity#aji4' ,m5 h f\nd ! doctr9e1 or some?+ l x1 n only 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t b 9 ,plato & ,neo-,platonism1 & among ! ,ophite ,gno/ics1 9 ! ,*9ese ,tao-,t-,*+ & ! ',?ree ,holy ,ones' ( ,b\ddhism1 9 ! ,tri-mrti ( ,h9duism & else:]e4 ,:y n8 ,revelation nev] advances = itself ! claim :i* its apologi/s sometimes make = x1 ! claim to be some?+ absolutely new4 ,a tru? reveal$ by ,god is nev] a tru? out ( relation ) previ\s ?\ght4 ,he leads m5 to feel _! moral & intellectual ne$s be=e ,he satisfies ei!r4 ,!re 0 a prep>ation = ,hebrew mono!ism1 z !re 0 a prep>ation = ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/4 ,!re 0 an intellectual prep>ation = ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 z !re 0 a moral prep>ation = ! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,if ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation is di/+ui%$ f ! avat>s ( ,h9duism1 & ! inc>nations ( ,?ibetan ,lamaism1 by its reg5]ative moral =ce1 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is no less di/+ui%$ f ! pseudo-tr9ities ( ,neo-,platonism & its mod]n developm5ts by ! fact t = eighte5 c5turies x has be5 ! safegu>d ( a pure ,mono!ism aga9/ ev]y?+ :i* m5aces ! life ( religion4 ,b ,*ri/ian !ology is n 'a philosophy )\t assumptions4' ,x does n attempt to prove sola ratione ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 b to %ew h[ t :i* reason dem&s is met & satisfi$ by ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god4 ,/>t+ ) ! inh]itance ( fai?1 ! belief 9 ! ,div9ity ( ,*ri/1 & tru/+ 9 ! guidance ( ! ,_s ( ,tru?1 x ?r[s itself boldly into ! rational problem1 fights its way ?r\gh e =m ( ,unit>ianism1 & int]prets its fai? to itself & to ! _w at l>ge 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,triune ,god4 ,its *>t] is ! =mula ( ,baptism1 :]e ! 'treasures ( imm$iate fai? are ga!r$ up into a s5t5ce1 ?\gh n yet =mulat$ into a doctr9e#aaj4' ,to ! ,greek m9d two ?+s _h become cle> be=e ,*ri/ianity came into ! _w1 & x w\ld be easy to trace ! /eps by :i* ! conclusions 7 rea*$4 ,fir/1 ,reason1 z relation-giv+1 seeks = unity 9 ! manifoldness ( :i* x is consci\s1 & w be satisfi$ ) no?+ less4 ,b ,eleaticism _h conv9c+ly prov$ t an ab/ract unity c expla9 no?+4 ,q ap>t f que/ions ( religion & morals1 ! ,eleatic unity 0 metaphysically a failure4 ,plato _h se5 ?is1 & yet ! 'dead h&' ( ,eleaticism re/$ on ,platonism1 & ! dialogue ,p>m5ides %ew$ h[ p[]less ! ,doctr9e ( ,ideas 0 to evade ! difficulty4 ,?us ! ,greeks m ?an #bjjj ye>s ago _h realiz$1 :at is n[adays proclaim$1 z if x 7 a new discov]y1 t an absolute unit is un?9kable1 because1 z ,plato puts x 9 ! ,philebus1 ! union ( ! "o & ! _m is 'an ev]la/+ quality 9 ?\ght itself :i* nev] gr[s old 9 u4' ,! ,greeks1 l ! ,jews1 _h ?us _h _! 's*oolma/] to br+ !m to ,*ri/4' ,!y _h n solv$1 b !y _h felt1 ! rational difficulty2 z ! ,jews _h felt1 b _h n ov]come1 except ?r\gh ! ,messianic hope1 ! sep>ation ( man f ,god4 ,b z ! ,tr9it>ian doctr9e took %ape1 ,*ri/ian tea*]s realiz$ h[ ! ,*ri/ian1 z oppos$ to ! ,jewi%1 idea ( ,god1 n only held ! tru? ( ! ,div9e ,unity z aga9/ all poly!i/ic religions1 b claim$ reason on its side aga9/ all ,unit>ian !ories4 ,!y did n1 h[ev]1 argue t x 0 true because x satisfi$ reason1 b t x satisfi$ reason because x 0 true4 ,!y />t$1 inde$1 n ) a metaphysical problem to be solv$1 b ) a hi/orical fact to proclaim1 ! fact ( ! ,resurrection1 & a doctr9al tru? to ma9ta91 ! ,div9ity ( ,him :o rose4 ,& />t+ f t basis ( fact reveal$ 9 ,*ri/1 !y f\nd !mselves 9 possession ( an answ] to difficulties :i* at fir/ !y _h n felt1 & ?us _! belief 0 ju/ifi$ & v]ifi$ 9 ! speculative region4 ,! tru? = :i* !y cont5d$1 :i* 0 en%r9$ 9 _! sacr$ writ+s1 0 t '! ,fa!r is ,god1 ! ,son is ,god1 & ! ,holy ,gho/ is ,god4 ,& yet !y are n ?ree ,gods1 b "o ,god4' ,b ! ,fa!rs d n treat ?is doctr9e m]ely z a reveal$ my/]y1 /ill less z some?+ :i* complicates ! simple tea*+ ( ,mono!ism1 b z ! condition ( rationally hold+ ! ,unity ( ,god4 ',! ,unity :i* d]ives ! ,tr9ity out ( its own self1' says ,t]tullian1 's f> f be+ de/roy$1 is actually support$ by x#aaa4' ',we _c o!rwise ?9k ( ,"o ,god1' says ,hippolytus1 'b by truly believ+ 9 ,fa!r1 & ,son1 & ,holy ,gho/#aab4' ',! supreme & only ,god1' says ,lactantius1 '_c be wor%ipp$ except ?r\gh ! ,son4 ,he :o ?9ks t he wor%ips ! ,fa!r only1 9 t he does n wor%ip ! ,son also1 does n wor%ip ! ,fa!r#aac4 ',)\t ! ,son ! ,fa!r is n1' says ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 '= 9 t ,he is a ,fa!r ,he is ! ,fa!r ( ! ,son1 & ! ,son is ! true tea*] ab\t ! ,fa!r#aad4' ,s ,orig5 argues1--,if ,god _h ev] exi/$ alone 9 simple unity & solit>y gr&eur1 ap>t f "s object ^u :i* f all et]nity to p\r =? ,8 love1 ,he c\ld n h be5 always ,god4 ,8 love1 ,8 ,fa!rhood1 ,8 v omnipot5ce w\ld h be5 add$ 9 "t1 & !re w\ld !n h be5 a "t :5 ,he 0 imp]fect4 ',! ,fa!rhood ( ,god mu/ be coeval ) ,8 omnipot5ce2 = x is ?r\gh ! ,son t ! ,fa!r is ,almighty#aae4' ,?is 0 ! l9e ( argum5t aft]w>ds develop$ by ,s4 ,a?anasius :5 he cont5d$ aga9/ ! ,arians t ! ,son 0 ! reality or tru?#aaf ( ! ,fa!r1 )\t :om ! ,fa!r c\ld n exi/2 & by ,s4 ,augu/9e1 :5 he argues t love implies "o :o loves & "o :o is lov$1 & love to b9d !m toge!r#aag4 ,ev5 "o s unphilosophically m9d$ z ,ir5aeus#aah1 _c b see 9 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! relation ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 ! solution ( ! difficulty ab\t ! inf9ity ( ,god3 ',imm5sus ,pat] 9 ,filio m5suratus2 m5sura ,patris ,filius4' ,:ile philosophy ) increas+ hopelessness 0 ask+1 ,h[ c we h a real unity :i* %all be n a b>r5 & dead unity1 b %all include diff]5ces8 ,*ri/ianity1 ) its doctr9e ( ,god1 0 argu+ t t :i* 0 an unsolv$ contradiction = non-,*ri/ian ?\ght1 0 a necess>y coroll>y ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?#aai4 ,! o!r tru? :i* ,greek ?\ght _h realiz$ 0 ! imman5ce ( reason 9 nature & 9 man4 ,:5 ,anaxagoras fir/ decl>$ t ! univ]se 0 ! "w ( intellig5ce1 we are told t he seem$ 'l a sob] man among/ r&om talk]s4' ,b bo? ,plato & ,ari/otle accuse him ( los+ ! tru? :i* he _h ga9$ because he made intellig5ce appe> only on occasions 9 ! _w1 dragg$ 91 l a /age-god1 :5 naturali/ic explanations fail$#abj4 ,! conception ( creation out ( no?+ 0 ( c\rse unkn[n to ,anaxagoras4 ,intellig5ce is only ! arrang] ( mat]ials already giv5 9 a *aotic condition4 ,) ,ari/otle too x is reason :i* makes ev]y?+ :at x is4 ,b ! reason is 9 ?+s1 n outside !m4 ,nature is rational f end to end4 ,9 spite ( failures & mi/akes1 due to h] mat]ials1 nature does ! be/ %e c & always aims at a good end#aba4 ,%e works l an arti/ ) an ideal 9 view#abb4 ,only !re is ?is m>k$ diff]5ce1--,nature has ! pr9ciple ( gr[? )9 h]self1 :ile ! arti/ is ext]nal to 8 mat]ials#abc4 ,"h we h a cle> & consi/5t /atem5t ( ! doctr9e ( imman5t reason z aga9/ ! ,anaxagorean doctr9e ( a transc5d5t intellig5ce4 ,if we translate bo? into ! !ological language ( our own day1 we %\ld call ! latt] ! dei/ic1 ! =m] ! pan!i/ic1 view2 or1 adopt+ a di/9ction ( supreme importance 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce1 we might say t we h "h1 face to face1 ! me*anical & ! organic view ( nature4 ,bo? 7 teleological1 b to ! "o1 reason 0 an extra-mundane cause1 to ! o!r1 an int]nal pr9ciple4 ,x 0 ! contra/ betwe5 ext]nal & inn] design1 z we "k x 9 ,kant & ,hegel2 betwe5 ! teleology ( ,paley & ! 'wid] teleology' ( ,d>w9 & ,huxley & ,fiske2 betwe5 ! transc5d5t & imman5t views ( ,god1 :5 s held z to be mutually exclusive4 ,x is ^! two "o-sid$ views :i* ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god br+s toge!r4 ,religion dem&s z ! v condition ( its exi/5ce a ,god :o transc5ds ! univ]se2 philosophy z imp]i\sly requires ,8 imman5ce 9 nature4 ,if ei!r ,religion d5ies ,god's imman5ce1 or ,philosophy d5ies t ,he transc5ds ! univ]se1 !re is an absolute antagonism betwe5 ! two1 :i* c only be end$ by ! ab&onm5t ( "o or ! o!r4 ,b :at we f9d is t ?\gh ,philosophy 7mean+ by t ! ex]cise ( ! speculative reason 9 ab/raction f morals & religion7 ! m fully x realizes ! imman5ce ( ,god1 ! m x t5ds to d5y ! transc5d5ce1 religion n only has no qu>rel ) ! doctr9e ( imman5ce1 b ! high] ! religion ! m unres]v$ly x ass]ts ?is imman5ce z a tru? de> to religion itself4 ,! religi\s equival5t = 'imman5ce' is 'omnipres5ce1' & ! omnipres5ce ( ,god is a coroll>y ( a true mono!ism4 ,z long z any rema9s ( dualism exi/1 !re is a region1 h[ev] small1 imp]vi\s to ! ,div9e p[]4 ,b ! ,old ,te/am5t doctr9e ( creation1 by exclud+ dualism1 implies f ! fir/1 if x does n tea*1 ! omnipres5ce ( ,god4 ,= ! omnipot5ce ( ,god und]lies ! doctr9e ( creation1 & omnipot5ce involves omnipres5ce4 ,h5ce we f9d ! ,psalmi/s & ,prophets ascrib+ natural processes imm$iately to ,god4 ,!y "k no?+ ( second causes4 ,! ma9 outl9es ( natural sci5ce1 ! facts ( g5]ation & gr[?1 are famili> en\gh to !m1 yet e fact is ascrib$ imm$iately to ! action ( ,god4 ,he makes ! grass to gr[ ^u ! m\nta9s2 ,he fa%ions ! *ild 9 ! womb2 ,he fe$s ! "y rav5s2 ,he provides fodd] = ! cattle2 ,he gives to all _! meat 9 due season2 :5 ,he lets ,8 brea? g =? !y are made2 :5 ,he takes away _! brea? !y die & return to du/4 ,?is doctr9e ( ! omnipres5ce ( ,god1 z conceiv$ by religion1 _h h[ev] yet to be fus$ ) ! philosophical doctr9e ( imman5ce4 ,& "h aga9 ! fusion 0 effect$ by ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god1 z ,tr9ity 9 ,unity4 ,! e>li] ,apologi/s conc]n !mselves fir/ ) ! v9dication ( ! ,div9e attributes4 ,god's sep>at5ess f ! _w z aga9/ ,greek ,pan!ism1 ,8 omnipres5ce 9 x z aga9/ a ,judais+ deism4 ,b ! union ( ,god's transc5d5ce ) ,8 imman5ce1 & ) x ! fusion ( ! religi\s ) ! philosophic idea ( ,god1 is only consci\sly complet$ by ! ,doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity#abd4 ,! dy+ words ( ,plot9us1 express+ z !y did ! problem ( 8 life1 are said to h be51--',i am /riv+ to br+ ! ,god :i* is )9 into h>mony ) ! ,god :i* is 9 ! univ]se4' ,& ! unsolv$ problem ( ,neo-,platonism1 :i* is also ! unsolv$ problem ( non-,*ri/ian philosophy 9 our day1 is met by ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god4 ,all & m ?an all t philosophy & sci5ce c dem&1 z to ! imman5ce ( reason 9 ! univ]se1 & ! rational coh]5ce ( all its p>ts1 is includ$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian tea*+3 no?+ :i* religion requires z to ,god's sep>at5ess f ! _w1 :i* ,he has made1 is left unsatisfi$4 ,! old famili> ,greek t]m :i*1 f ! days ( ,h]acleitus1 _h meant to ! ,greek ! rational unity & balance ( ! _w1 is tak5 up by ,s4 ,john1 by ,s4 ,clem5t1 by ,s4 ,a?anasius1 & giv5 a mean+ :i* ^? :o />t$ f ! ,philonian position nev] rea*$4 ,x is ! p]sonal ,^w1 ,god ( ,god1 ! ,only ,begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 :o is "o 9 ! ,holy ,_s ) ! ,fa!r4 ',! ,^w 0 ,god4' ',by ,him all ?+s 7 made4' ',he ! ,all-p[]ful1 ,all-holy ,^w ( ! ,fa!r spreads ,8 p[] ov] all ?+s ev]y:]e1 enlight5+ ?+s se5 & unse51 hold+ & b9d+ all toge!r 9 ,himself4 ,no?+ is left empty ( ,8 pres5ce1 b to all ?+s & ?r\gh all1 sev]ally & collectively1 ,he is ! giv] & su/a9] ( life4444 ,he1 ! ,wisdom ( ,god1 holds ! univ]se l a lute1 & keeps all ?+s 9 e>? & air & heav5 9 tune toge!r4 ,he x is ,:o b9d+ all ) ea*1 & ord]+ all ?+s by ,8 w & pleasure1 produces ! p]fect unity ( nature1 & ! h>moni\s reign ( law4 ,:ile ,he abides unmov$ = ev] ) ! ,fa!r1 ,he yet moves all ?+s by ,8 own appo9tm5t accord+ to ! ,fa!r's w#abe4' ,! unity ( nature is1 ?us1 no long] ! ab/ract motionless simplicity ( ,be+1 :i* _h be5 s p[]less to expla9 ! metaphysical problems ( ,greece4 ,x is ! liv+ ,omnipres5t ,^w1 coet]nal & consub/antial ) ! ,fa!r1 & ! philosophical tru? becomes an integral "p ( t ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god1 :i*1 :ile x safegu>d$ religion & satisfi$ reason1 _h won its fir/ & greate/ victories 9 ! field ( morals4 ,,vii4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god triumph$ ov] hea!n morality & hea!n speculation nei!r by unreason+ prote/ nor by unreal compromise1 b by tak+ up into itself all t 0 highe/ & true/ 9 bo?4 ,:y !n is ?is ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god *all5g$ 9 our day8 ,h we outgr[n ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god1 s t x _c claim & absorb ! new tru?s ( our sci5tific age8 ,if n1 ) ! lessons ( ! pa/ 9 our m9d1 we may confid5tly ask1--,:at full] unfold+ ( ! revelation ( ,himself has ,god 9 /ore = u1 to be won1 z 9 ! pa/1 ?r\gh /ruggle & seem+ antagonism8 ,! fact t ! ,*ri/ian ,!ology is n[ op5ly *all5g$ by reason is obvi\s en\gh4 ,x almo/ seems z if1 9 our intellectual life1 we 7 pass+ ?r\gh a transition analog\s to t :i*1 9 ! moral region1 issu$ 9 ! ,re=mation4 ,ev5 among/ ^? :o believe t ,*ri/ian morality is true1 !re are to be f\nd ^? :o h conv9c$ !mselves t we h intellectually outgr[n ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ',! only ,god1' we h be5 told lately#abf1 ':om ,we/]n ,europeans1 ) a ,*ri/ian ance/ry ( a ?\s& ye>s beh9d !m1 c wor%ip1 is ! ,god ( ,abraham1 ,isaac1 & ,jacob2 or r1 ( ,s4 ,paul1 ,s4 ,augu/9e & ,s4 ,b]n>d1 & ( ! innum]able bless$ sa9ts1 canoniz$ or n1 :o peopl$ ! ages ( ,fai?4 ,no "o wants1 no "o c c>e =1 an ab/ract ,god1 an ,unkn[able1 an ,absolute1 ) :om we /& 9 no human or intelligible relation4' ',god1 z ,god1' says ,feu]ba*#abg1 '! inf9ite1 univ]sal1 non-an?ropomorphic be+ ( ! und]/&+1 has no m significance 9 religion ?an a fundam5tal g5]al pr9ciple has = a special sci5ce2 x is m]ely ! ultimate po9t ( support1 z x 71 ! ma!matical po9t ( religion4' ,yet x is assum$ t ?is is all t rema9s to u1 & we are left 9 ! foll[+ dilemma1--',an an?ropomorphic ,god is ! only ,god :om m5 c wor%ip1 & also ! ,god :om mod]n ?\ght f9ds x increas+ly difficult to believe 9#abh4' ,9 su* a /ate ( ?+s x is natural t m5 %\ld turn to pan!ism z a sort ( middle t]m betwe5 religion & philosophy1 & ev5 claim1 = ! unity ( ! _w1 ! v5]able "n & associations ( ,god4 ,b ! rem>kable ?+ is t 9 ! numb]less attempts to attack1 or def5d1 or f9d a sub/itute = ,!ism1 ! ,*ri/ian1 or ,tr9it>ian1 tea*+ ab\t ,god r>ely appe>s ^u ! sc5e4 ,dev\t ,*ri/ians h come to ?9k ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 if n exactly z a di/9ct revelation1 yet z a doctr9e necess>y = hold+ ! div9ity ( ,*ri/1 )\t sacrific+ ! unity ( ,god4 ,ord9>y p take x = grant$ t ,tr9it>ianism is a sort ( extra dem& made on ,*ri/ian fai?1 & t ! battle mu/ really be f\ght out on ! ,unit>ian basis4 ,if ,unit>ian !ism c be def5d$1 x w !n be possible to g f>!r & accept ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,x is natural t :5 ,*ri/ians take ?is gr\nd1 ^? :o h ceas$ to be ,*ri/ian suppose t1 ?\gh ,*ri/ianity is no long] t5able1 !y may /ill cl+ to ',!ism1' & ev5 p]haps1 "u cov] ( t nebul\s t]m1 make an alliance n only ) ,jews & ,mahomm$ans1 b ) at lea/ ! m religi\s repres5tatives ( pan!ism4 ,x is only our languid int]e/ 9 speculation or a phili/9e dislike ( metaphysics1 t makes su* an un9tellig5t view possible4 ,unit>ianism said its la/ ^w 9 ! pre-,*ri/ian & e>ly ,*ri/ian p]iod1 & x fail$1 z x fails n[1 to save religion except at ! co/ ( reason4 ,s f> f ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity be+1 9 ,mr4 ,glad/one's un=tunate phrase1 '! scaffold+ ( a pur] !ism1' non-,*ri/ian mono!ism 0 ! 'scaffold+' ?r\gh :i* already ! outl9es ( ! future build+ might be se54 ,= ! mod]n _w1 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god rema9s z ! only safegu>d 9 reason = a p]man5t !i/ic belief#abi4 ,x is n difficult to see h[ x is t ?is tru? is n m g5]ally recognis$4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 by :i* ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god absorb$ ,greek speculation into itself1 _h b little po9t d'appui 9 ! unmetaphysical we/]n _w4 ,x bore ! imprimatur ( ! ,*ur*2 x 0 easily d$ucible f ! words ( ,holy ,scripture2 x 0 se5 to be ess5tial to ! hold+ ( ! div9ity ( ,*ri/4 ,b m5 =got t ! doctr9e 0 'address$ to ! reason#acj2' & s its metaphysical mean+ & value 7 gradually lo/ sight (4 ,9 ! days ( ! m$iaeval ,papacy1 ecclesia/ical 7 m effective ?an metaphysical weapons1 & ,s*ola/icism knew s mu* ab\t ! deepe/ my/]ies ( ,god1 t x almo/ provok$ an agno/ic reaction1 9 ! int]e/s ( rev]5ce & intellectual mode/y4 ,) ! ,re=mation came ! appeal to ! lett] ( ,holy ,scripture1 & ! age ( biblical1 z contra/$ ) sci5tific1 !ology4 ,! only sci5tific !ology ( ! ,re=mation p]iod 0 ! awful & immoral sy/em ( ,john ,calv91 rigor\sly d$uc$ f a "o-sid$ tru?4 ,!n came ! age ( physical sci5ce4 ,! break up ( ! m$iaeval sy/em ( ?\ght & life result$ 9 an atomism1 :i*1 if x _h be5 m p]fectly consi/5t ) itself1 w\ld h be5 fatal alike to k & society4 ,translat$ into sci5ce x appe>$ z me*anism 9 ! ,baconian & ,c>tesian physics3 translat$ into politics x appe>$ z rampant individualism1 ?\gh comb9$ by ,hobbes ) ,/u>t absolutism4 ,its !ory ( k 0 a crude empiricism2 its !ology unreliev$ deism4 ,god 0 '?ron$ 9 magnific5t inactivity 9 a remote corn] ( ! univ]se1' & a ma*9]y ( 'second causes' _h practically tak5 ,8 place4 ,x 0 ev5 d\bt$1 9 ! dei/ic age1 :e!r ,god's delegation ( ,8 p[] 0 n s absolute z to make x impossible = ,him to 'int]f]e' ) ! laws ( nature4 ,! "q ( miracles became ! burn+ "q ( ! day1 & ! v exi/5ce ( ,god 0 /ak$ on ,8 p[] to int]rupt or ov]ride ! laws ( ! univ]se4 ,mean:ile ,8 imman5ce 9 nature1 ! 'high] pan!ism1' :i* is a tru? ess5tial to true religion1 z x is to true philosophy1 fell into ! backgr\nd4 ,sl[ly b surely t !ory ( ! _w has be5 und]m9$4 ,! "o absolutely impossible conception ( ,god1 9 ! pres5t day1 is t :i* repres5ts ,him z an occasional ,visitor4 ,sci5ce _h pu%$ ! dei/'s ,god f>!r & f>!r away1 & at ! mom5t :5 x seem$ z if ,he w\ld be ?ru/ out altoge!r1 ,d>w9ism appe>$1 &1 "u ! disguise ( a foe1 did ! "w ( a fri5d4 ,x has conf]r$ ^u philosophy & religion an ine/imable b5efit1 by %ew+ u t we mu/ *oose betwe5 two alt]natives4 ,ei!r ,god is ev]y:]e pres5t 9 nature1 or ,he is n[h]e4 ,he _c be "h & n !re4 ,he _c delegate ,8 p[] to demigods call$ 'second causes#aca4' ,9 nature ev]y?+ mu/ be ,8 "w or no?+4 ,we mu/ frankly return to ! ,*ri/ian view ( direct ,div9e ag5cy1 ! imman5ce ( ,div9e p[] 9 nature f end to end1 ! belief 9 a ,god 9 ,:om n only we1 b all ?+s h _! be+1 or we mu/ bani% ,him altoge!r4 ,x seems z if1 9 ! provid5ce ( ,god1 ! mission ( mod]n sci5ce 0 to br+ home to our unmetaphysical ways ( ?9k+ ! great tru? ( ! ,div9e imman5ce 9 creation1 :i* is n less ess5tial to ! ,*ri/ian idea ( ,god ?an to a philosophical view ( nature4 ,& x comes to u almo/ l a new tru?1 :i* we _c at once fit x 9 ) ! old4 ,yet ! conviction t ! ,div9e imman5ce mu/ be = our age1 z = ! ,a?anasian age1 ! meet+ po9t ( ! religi\s & philosophic view ( ,god is %ew+ itself 9 ! mo/ ?\ghtful m9ds on bo? sides4 ,our modes ( ?\ght are becom+ increas+ly ,greek1 & ! flood1 :i* 9 our day is surg+ up aga9/ ! traditional ,*ri/ian view ( ,god1 is prevail+ly pan!i/ic 9 tone4 ,! pan!ism is n less pron\nc$ because x comes z ! la/ ^w ( a sci5ce ( nature1 = ! wall :i* once sep>at$ physics f metaphysics has giv5 way1 & positivism1 :5 x is n ! p>alysis ( reason1 is b a tempor>y re/+-place1 prep>atory to a new dep>ture4 ,we are n surpris$ !n1 t "o :o1 l ,pr(essor ,fiske1 holds t '! inf9ite & et]nal ,p[] t is manife/$ 9 e pulsation ( ! univ]se is none o!r ?an ! liv+ ,god1' & :o v9dicates ! belief 9 a f9al cause because he _c believe t '! ,su/a9] ( ! univ]se w put u to p]man5t intellectual confusion1' %\ld in/9ctively feel 8 k9%ip ) ,a?anasianism1 & vigor\sly cont5d aga9/ ! view t any "p ( ! univ]se is ',godless#acb4' ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! r$iscov]y ( ! tru? ( ,god's imman5ce 9 nature1 com+1 z x has done1 f ! side ( a sci5tific !ory1 :i* 0 viol5tly assail$ by ! (ficial gu>dians ( ! ,fai?1 has result$ = _m 9 ! ?r[+ aside ( ! c\nt] & condition+ tru?1 :i* saves religion f pan!ism4 ,x seem$ z if traditional ,*ri/ianity 7 b\nd up ) ! view t ,god is :olly sep>ate f ! _w & n imman5t 9 x4 ,& ,pr(essor ,fiske has be5 misl$#acc into ! belief t ,s4 ,augu/9e is responsible = t false view4 ,x is almo/ incr$ible to anyone1 :o has read any ( ,s4 ,augu/9e's writ+s1 t1 accord+ to ?is view1 he has to play ! rle ( ! un9tellig5t & unphilosophical dei/1 :o ?9ks ( ,god z 'a crudely an?ropomorphic ,be+1 f> remov$ f ! univ]se & accessible only ?r\gh ! m$iat+ (fices ( an organiz$ *ur*#acd4' ,& n only is ,s4 ,augu/9e repres5t$ z a dei/1 b ,s4 ,a?anasius is made a pan!i/1 & ! suppos$ conflict betwe5 sci5ce & religion is1 we are told1 really ! conflict betwe5 ,a?anasian & ,augu/9ian ideas ( ,god#ace4 ,yet1 z a matt] ( fact1 ,s4 ,a?anasius & ,s4 ,augu/9e bo? alike held ! tru?s :i* deism & pan!ism exagg]ate into ! de/ruction ( religion4 ,if ,s4 ,a?anasius says1 ',! ,^w ( ,god is n conta9$ by any?+1 b ,himself conta9s all ?+s4444 ,he 0 9 ev]y?+ & 0 outside all be+s1 & 0 at re/ 9 ! ,fa!r alone#acf3' ,s4 ,augu/9e says1 ',! same ,god is :olly ev]y:]e1 conta9$ by no space1 b\nd by no bonds1 divisible into no p>ts1 mutable 9 no "p ( ,8 be+1 fill+ heav5 & e>? by ! pres5ce ( ,8 p[]4 ,?\gh no?+ c exi/ )\t ,him1 yet no?+ is :at ,he is#acg4' ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god1 9 ,a?anasian days1 triumph$ :]e ,greek philosophy fail$4 ,x accept$ ! *all5ge ( ,greek ?\ght1 x recognis$ ! dem&s ( ! speculative reason1 & f\nd 9 itself ! answ] :i*1 be=e ! collision ) ,hell5ism1 x unconsci\sly possess$4 ,x is *all5g$ aga9 by ! metaphysics ( our day4 ,we may be wrong to speculate at all on ! nature ( ,god1 b x is n less true n[ ?an 9 ! fir/ c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity1 t1 = ^? :o d speculate1 a ,unit>ian1 or ,arian1 or ,sabellian !ory is z impossible z poly!ism4 ,if ,god is to be ,p]sonal1 z religion requires1 metaphysics dem&s /ill a di/9ction 9 ! ,unity :i* unit>ianism is compell$ to d5y4 ,b1 fur!r1 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ,god is *all5g$ by ! sci5ce ( nature4 ,sci5ce1 imp]i\sly & ) increas+ confid5ce1 dem&s a unity 9 nature :i* %all be n ext]nal b imman5t1 giv+ rationality & coh]5ce to all t is1 & ju/ify+ ! belief 9 ! univ]sal reign ( law4 ,b ?is imman5ce ( ,god 9 nature unit>ian !ism _c give1 save at ! price ( los+ itself 9 pan!ism4 ,dei/ic x might be1 z x 0 9 ! la/ c5tury2 dei/ic x c be no long]1 unless x defiantly rejects ! tru? :i* sci5ce is giv+ u1 & ! claims :i* ! sci5tific reason makes4 ,x rema9s !n = ,*ri/ianity to claim ! new tru? & meet ! new dem&s by a fe>less reass]tion ( its doctr9e ( ,god4 ,x has to br+ =? out ( its treasury ?+s new & old1--! old almo/ =gott5 tru? ( ! imman5ce ( ! ,^w1 ! belief 9 ,god z 'creation's secret =ce1' illum9at$ & confirm$ z t is by ! advance ( sci5ce1 till x comes to u ) all ! p[] ( a new discov]y4 ,sl[ly & "u ! %ock ( controv]sy ,*ri/ianity is recov]+ its buri$ tru?s1 & realiz+ ! greatness ( its rational h]itage4 ,x tea*es /ill t ,god is ! et]nally exi/5t ,"o1 ! ,be+ on ,:om we dep5d1 & 9 ,:om we live1 ! s\rce ( all reality & ! goal to :i* creation moves1 ! ,object alike ( religion & philosophy1 ! et]nal ,en]gy ( ! natural _w1 & ! imman5t reason ( ! univ]se4 ,x tea*es t ,he is ! et]nally ,righte\s ,"o1 & !re=e ! ,judge ( all1 irrevocably on ! side ( "r1 lead+ ! _w by a progressive prep>ation = ! revelation ( ,himself z ,inf9ite ,love 9 ! ,inc>nation ( ! ,^w1 /imulat+ ^? desires :i* ,he alone c satisfy1 ! ye>n+ ( ! he>t = love1 ( ! moral nature = righte\sness1 ( ! speculative reason = tru?4 ,:5 m5 _h we>i$ !mselves 9 ! se>* = a rem$y = t :i* sep>ates m5 f ,god1 ! revelation is giv5 ( ,him ,:o '%all save ,8 p f _! s9s4' ,& :5 reason _h w&]$ long1 seek+ = t :i* %\ld be ,real & yet ,"o1 a ,god ,:o %\ld satisfy alike ! dem&s ( religion & reason1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity is unfold$4 ,x 0 ! gradual revelation ( ,god answ]+ to ! gr[+ ne$s & capacity ( man4 ,,viii4 ,x foll[s f ! po9t ( view adopt$ 9 ! =ego+ essay t !re c be no pro(s1 9 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w1 ( ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,reason has = its subject-matt]1 ! problem ( ess5ce1 n ( exi/5ce1 ! "q1 ',:at is ,god8' n ',is !re a ,god8 ,pro( c only mean v]ification po/]iori ( a tru? already held4 ,we approa* ! problem ) an unreason$ consci\sness ( dep5d5ce on a ,be+ or ,be+s :o are to u invisible4 ,?is we int]pret crudely1 or leave un9t]pret$4 ,! belief may express itself 9 ance/or-wor%ip1 or nature-wor%ip1 or :at n4 ,b z our moral & intellectual nature develops1 its light is turn$ back ^u ?is primitive undef9$ belief4 ,consci5ce dem&s t ,god %all be moral1 & ) ! belief t ,he is1 !re comes confid5ce & tru/1 deep5+ into fai? & hope & love3 ! speculative reason dem&s t ,god %all be ,"o1 ! imman5t unity ( all t is4 ,& ! doctr9e ( ,god1 :i* is be/ able to satisfy ea* & all ( ^! dem&s1 p]si/s z ! p]man5t tru? ( religion4 ,b nei!r consci5ce nor ! speculative reason c demon/rate#ach ,god's exi/5ce4 ,& x is always possible = m5 to c>ry _! di/ru/ ( t :i* is in/9ctive s f> z to assume t x is always false because !y h f\nd t x is n always true4 ,reason _c prove exi/5ce4 ,! s-call$ pro(1 a cont+5tia 7:i* und]lies ,h4 ,sp5c]'s argum5t = ! exi/5ce ( ! ,unkn[able71 is an appeal to t v consci\sness ( dep5d5ce :i* "s p consid] a weakness1 & a ?+ to educate !mselves out (4 ,! appeal to ! cons5sus g5tium c e/abli% only ! g5]ality1 n ! /rict univ]sality1 ( religion4 ,x w always be possible to f9d exceptions1 real or app>5t1 to ! g5]al rule2 :ile z = :at is kn[n z ! ontological argum5t1 :i* on pr9ciples ( reason w\ld ju/ify ! in/9ctive belief1 x requires a metaphysical tra9+ to und]/& x or at lea/ to feel its =ce4 ,!re rema91 h[ev]1 ! two great argum5ts f consci5ce & f nature1 :i* are s frequ5tly discuss$ 9 ! pres5t day4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/1 !re is no d\bt t ! belief 9 ,god w 9 any age f9d its /ronge/ corroboration 9 ! consci5ce4 ,ev5 9 ! m9d ( a ,felix ! ideas ( 'righte\sness1 temp]ance1 & judgm5t to come' _h a /range & t]rify+ coh]5ce4 ,!re is t mu* ( tru? 9 ! /atem5t t religion is f\nd$ 9 'fe>4' ,b ! argum5t f consci5ce has be5 weak5$ by be+ ov]/at$4 ,consci5ce1 z we "k x1 has won1 n inde$ its exi/5ce1 b ! delicacy ( its moral t\*1 & ! /r5g? ( its 'categorical imp]ative1' f ! assur$ belief 9 a real relation%ip betwe5 man & a holy & lov+ ,god4 ,:5 t belief has ceas$ to exi/1 consci5ce /ill survives1 & x is possible & ju/ifiable to appeal to x z a fact :i* c be expla9$ by religion1 b )\t religion mu/ be expla9$ away4 ,b x is a mi/ake to suppose t we c take ! untra9$ & undevelop$ consci5ce1 & argue direct f x to a righte\s ,god4 ,! lum5 naturale1 9 its l[e/ developm5t1 gives b a fa9t & flick]+ gleam4 ,we _c argue back f x to a ,god ( love1 or ev5 a ,god ( righte\sness1 unless we int]pret x 9 ! full] light ( ! consci5ce :i* has be5 tra9$ & p]fect$ "u ! gr[+ influ5ce ( ! belief4 ,! idea ( 'duty1' :i* is s h>d to expla9 on utilit>ian gr\nds1 is n to be f\nd1 z we "k x1 9 ,greek e?ics4 ,= x implies a fusion ( morals ) religion1 z we c trace x 9 ! hi/ory ( ,israel1 & ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ian e?ics4 ,if x is impossible to expla9 duty z ! result ( association betwe5 ! ideas ( public & private advantage1 x is no less impossible to make x an indep5d5t premise = a conclusion :i* is presuppos$ 9 x4 ,! argum5t f nature is closely p>allel4 ,x is h>d = ^?1 ^: lives h be5 m\ld$ on ! belief 9 ,god1 ! ,mak] ( heav5 & e>?1 to und]/& ! inconclusiv5ess ( ! argum5t to ^? :o h ab&on$ t belief1 & />t1 z x 71 f outside4 ,consequ5tly x has be5 made to be> m ?an x c c>ry4 ,no d\bt ! evolution :i* 0 at fir/ suppos$ to h de/roy$ teleology is f\nd to be m saturat$ ) teleology ?an ! view :i* x sup]s$$4 ,& ,*ri/ianity c take up ! new z x did ! old1 & f9d 9 x a confirmation ( its own belief4 ,b x is a confirmation n a pro(1 & tak5 by itself is incomplete4 ,x is a great ga9 to h elim9at$ *ance1 to f9d sci5ce decl>+ t !re mu/ be a reason = ev]y?+1 ev5 :5 x _c haz>d a conjecture z to :at ! reason is4 ,b ap>t f ! belief ( our moral nature1 t 9 ! long run ev]y?+ mu/ make = righte\sness1 t ! _w mu/ be moral z well z rational1 & t ! dramatic t5d5cy 9 ! evolution ( ! :ole w\ld be irrational if x _h n a moral goal1 ! sci5ce ( nature is p[]less to c>ry u on to a ,p]sonal ,god4 ,b ! /r5g? ( a rope is great] ?an ! /r5g? ( its sep>ate /r&s4 ,! argum5ts = ! exi/5ce ( ,god are1 x has be5 said1 'suffici5t n resi/less1 conv9c+ n compell+#aci4' ,we c nev] demon/rate ! exi/5ce ( ,god ei!r f consci5ce or f nature4 ,b our belief 9 ,him is atte/$ & confirm$ by bo?4 ,9 ?is matt]1 ! belief 9 ,god /&s on ! same level ) ! belief 9 objective reality4 ,bo? h be5 expla9$ away by philosoph]s4 ,nei!r c be prov$ b by a circul> argum5t4 ,bo? p]si/ 9 ! consci\sness ( mank9d4 ,bo? h be5 purifi$ & rationaliz$ by ! gr[? ( k4 ,b ! mom5t reason attempts to />t )\t assumptions1 & claims exclusive sov]eignty ov] man1 a p>alysis ( ?\ght results4 ,!re h be51 be=e n[1 philosoph]s :o pr(ess$ to beg9 at ! beg9n+1 & accept no?+ till x 0 prov$1 & ! result 0 a pure ,pyrrhonism4 ,!y c\ld n prove ! exi/5ce ( an ext]nal _w4 ,!y believ$ x1 ev5 if !y did n1 l ,hume1 exult 9 ! fact t belief triumph$ ov] demon/ration1 b !re 0 no sure gr\nd = believ+ t ! _w 0 n a m]e c]ebral ph5om5on1 except ! curi\sly rational coh]5ce ( its visions4 ,ev5 ,pr(4 ,huxley1 9 8 ultra-sceptical moods1 admits ?is4 ,he says#adj t '= any demon/ration t c be giv5 to ! contr>y effect1 ! collection ( p]ceptions1 :i* makes up our consci\sness1 may be an ord]ly phantasmagoria g5]at$ by ! ,ego1 unfold+ its successive sc5es on ! backgr\nd ( ! abyss ( no?+ness4' ,b no "o1 lea/ ( all a man ( sci5ce1 believes ?is to be s4 ,he takes reality = grant$1 & only tries to int]pret x aright1 i4e4 9 su* a way z to make a rational unity ( ! facts p]ceiv$4 ,tell a sci5tific speciali/1--',i am n go+ to let y beg ! "q4 ,y mu/ fir/ prove t nature exi/s1 & !n ,i w he> ab\t ! sci5ce ( nature1' & he w say ',t is metaphysics1' :i* to him is probably a synonym = an intellectual wa/e ( "t4 ',look at nature1' he w say1 ':at m d y want8 ,if nature _h be5 m]ely a phantasmagoria !re w\ld h be5 no sci5ce ( nature4 ,( c\rse y mu/ make y\r act ( fai?#ada4 ,y mu/ believe n only t nature exi/s1 b t x is a cosmos :i* c be int]pret$1 if y c only f9d ! key4 ,! pro( t nature is int]pretable is t we h1 at lea/ 9 "p1 be5 able to int]pret h]4 ,!re 7 p 9 ,john ,locke's day :o pr(ess$ to d\bt _! own exi/5ce1 & he 0 cont5t to answ] !m accord+ to _! folly4 ,if anyone1 he says#adb1 pret5ds to be s sceptical z to d5y 8 own exi/5ce 7= really to d\bt ( x is manife/ly impossible7 let him1 = me1 enjoy 8 belov$ happ9ess ( be+ no?+1 until hung]1 or "s o!r pa91 conv9ce him to ! contr>y4' ,we d n call a sci5tific man unreasonable if he answ]s ?us1 ?\gh he is ju/ify+ 8 premisses by 8 conclusion4 ,we "k t he t w\ld /udy nature mu/ believe t x is1 & t x is a rational :ole :i* reason c int]pret4 ,& 'he t come? to ,god mu/ believe t ,he is1 & t ,he is ! rew>d] ( su* z dilig5tly seek ,him4' ,we feel our k9%ip ) bo? be=e ! in/9ctive consci\sness is ju/ifi$ by reason4 ,& !re is a rem>kable p>allelism 9 ! process ( v]ification4 ,! c\nt]p>t ( ! !ological belief 9 ! unity & omnipres5ce ( ,god is ! sci5tific belief 9 ! unity ( nature & ! reign ( law4 ,b t belief1 ?\gh implicit 9 ! simple/ op]ation ( reason#adc1 is n consci\sly atta9$ till late 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce4 ,& ev5 :5 x is rea*$1 x is n at once grasp$ 9 all its weal? & fulness4 ,x is ?\ght ( z m]e uni=mity1 a dull me*anical repetition ( ev5ts1 :i* is p[]less to expla9 or include ! ri* v>iety ( nature & ! ph5om5a ( life & gr[?4 ,x is to meet ?is difficulty t ,j4 ,s4 ,mill naively assures u t '! c\rse ( nature is n only uni=m1 x is also inf9itely v>i\s#add4' ,b soon ! tru? is grasp$1 t ! reign ( law is a unity :i* is high] ?an m]e uni=mity1 because x is liv+ & n dead1 & includes & transc5ds diff]5ce4 ,x is ! analogue 9 sci5ce to t high] & full] view ( ,god 9 :i* ,he is reveal$ z ,tr9ity 9 ,unity4 ,b z ^! p>allel processes ( v]ification g on1 ! tru? is =c$ ^u ! _w t religion & philosophy mu/ ei!r be 9 int]nec9e conflict1 or recognise ! on5ess ( _! ,object4 ',we & ! philosoph]s1' says ,s4 ,clem5t1 '"k ! same ,god1 b n 9 ! same way#ade4' ,philosophy & religion h bo? be5 enri*$ by wid] k1 & z _! k has become deep] & full]1 ! adju/m5t ( _! claims has become m imp]atively necess>y4 ,few 9 our day w\ld will+ly ab&on ei!r1 or delib]ately sacrifice "o to ! o!r4 ,_m w\ld be ready to ass5t to ! words ( a ,*ri/ian ,fa!r2 ':5 philosophy & ! wor%ip ( ! gods are s widely sep>at$1 t ! pr(essors ( wisdom _c br+ u ne> to ! gods1 & ! prie/s ( religion _c give u wisdom2 x is manife/ t ! "o is n true wisdom1 & ! o!r is n true religion4 ,!re=e nei!r is philosophy able to conceive ! tru?1 nor is religion able to ju/ify itself4 ,b :]e philosophy is jo9$ by an insep>able connection ) religion1 bo? mu/ necess>ily be true1 because 9 our religion we ought to be wise1 t is1 to "k ! true ,object & mode ( wor%ip1 & 9 our wisdom to wor%ip1 t is1 to realize 9 action :at we "k#adf4' ,x is sometimes argu$1--,y h let 9 m ?an ! ?9 end ( ! w$ge4 ,y admit t 'x is ! prov9ce ( reason to judge ( ! morality ( ! ,scripture#adg4' ,y pr(ess no antagonism to hi/orical & lit]>y criticism4 ,"u ! criticism ( reason1 ,feti*ism has giv5 way to ,poly!ism1 ,poly!ism to ,mono!ism1 ev5 ,mono!ism has become progressively less an?ropomorphic4 ,:y object to ! la/ /ep 9 ! process1 & cl+ to ! belief 9 a ,p]sonal ,god8 ,simply because x w\ld make ! diff]5ce betwe5 a religion purifi$ & a religion de/roy$4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! #cj1jjj gods ( ,hesiod1 & ! ,"o ,god ( ,*ri/ianity1 is a measurable diff]5ce3 ! diff]5ce betwe5 a ,p]sonal ,god & an imp]sonal reason is1 s f> z religion is conc]n$1 inf9ite4 ,= ! transition f ,mono!ism to ,pan!ism is made only by ! surr5d] ( religion1 ?\gh ! t]m '!ism' may be us$ to blur ! l9e ( sep>ation1 & make ! transition easy4 ,religion has1 be=e all ?+s1 to gu>d ! h]itage ( tru?1 ! moral revelation ( ,god 9 ,*ri/1 to 'cont5d e>ne/ly = ! fai? once deliv]$ to ! sa9ts1' & to tru/ to ! promis$ guidance ( ! ,_s ( ,tru?4 ,& reason int]prets religion to itself1 & by int]pret+ v]ifies & confirms4 ,religion !re=e claims z its own ! new light :i* metaphysics & sci5ce are 9 our day ?r[+ ^u ! tru? ( ! imman5ce ( ,god3 x prote/s only aga9/ ^? imp]fect1 because premature1 syn!ses1 :i* 9 ! int]e/s ( ab/ract speculation1 w\ld de/roy religion4 ,x d>es to ma9ta9 t '! ,f\nta9 ( wisdom & religion alike is ,god3 & if ^! two /reams %all turn aside f ,him1 bo? mu/ assur$ly run dry4' ,= human nature craves to be bo? religi\s & rational4 ,& ! life :i* is n bo? is nei!r4 #ei ,fiske1 ,idea ( ,god1 p4 #aci1 quot+ ,h4 ,sp5c]4 #fj ,s4 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 ,i4 v4 #fa ,cf4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,fir/ ,pr9ciples1 ,pt4 ,i4 #fb ,see ?is criticism excell5tly /at$ 9 ,caird's ,phil4 ( ,religion1 pp4 #cb1 etc4 #fc ,natural ,religion1 iii4 p4 #de1 quot$ by ,m>t9eau4 #fd ,ibid41 iv4 p4 #gd4 #fe ,fr$]ic ,h>rison's ,new ,ye>'s ,address1 #ahhd4 #ff ,a ,/udy ( ,religion1 vol4 i4 pp4 #aa1 #ab4 #fg ,ibid41 p4 #ae4 #fh ,old ,fai? & ,new1 #da4 #fi ',hoc v9culo pietatis ob/ricti ,deo et religati sumus1 unde ipsa religio nom5 accepit1 non ut ,cic]o int]pretatus e/1 a releg5do1' ,lact4 ,in/4 iv4 #bh4 #gj ,de v] religione1 sub f94 #ga ,sum4 ,!ol4 #b4 #b4 #ha4 ,art4 #a4 #gb ,idea ( ,god1 p4 #aag4 #gc ,see ,se?'s ,hegelianism & ,p]sonality1 pp4 #bbc1 #bbd1 "o or two s5t5ces f :i* are1 almo/ v]batim1 transf]r$ to ! text4 #gd ,ju/9 ,m>tyr 7,exhort4 ad ,graec41 *4 xxxiv7 expla9s ! an?ropomorphisms ( poly!ism z an inv]sion ( ! tru? t man is 9 ! image ( ,god4 #ge ,hume1 ,essays1 ,,ii4 #dbe4 #gf ,h4 ,sp5c]1 ,eccl4 ,in/41 p4 #a4 #gg ,psy*4 vol4 ii4 #chh-cia4 #gh ,caird1 ,philosophy ( ,religion1 p4 #afb4 #gi ,ritt] & ,prell]1 ,hi/4 ,phil4 ,graec41 #g? ed4 #hb4 #hj ,ibid41 #hc4 #ha ,plat4 ,rep4 #cgg-che4 #hb ,!aet4 #agf ,c4 #hc ,h4 ,sp5c]1 ( c\rse1 foll[s ,ku55 9 assum+ a poly!i/ic orig9 ( ,hebrew mono!ism4 ,see ,ku551 ,religion ( ,israel1 i4 #bbc4 #hd ,x is /range t ,mr4 ,d>w9 %\ld h fail$ to see t ?is 0 ! answ] to 8 difficulty4 ,x appe>$ to him1 he tells u 7,autobiography1 p4 #cjh71 'utt]ly incr$ible t if ,god 7 n[ to make a revelation to ! ,h9doos1 he w\ld p]mit x to be connect$ ) ! belief 9 ,vi%nu1 ,siva1 c41 z ,*ri/ianity is connect$ ) ! ,old ,te/am5t4' ,incr$ible1 no d\bt4 ,b :y8 ,= ! v reason :i* makes x 'incr$ible' t man %\ld be evolv$ directly f a fi%1 z ,anaxim&] is said to h taught1 & n incr$ible t he %\ld be evolv$1 z ,d>w9 tea*es1 f "o ( ! high] v]tebrates4 ,! v idea ( developm5t1 :e!r 9 species or religions1 implies a law1 & ord] 9 ! developm5t4 #he ,s4 ,a?an4 ,de ,inc>n4 c4 xii4 #hf ,x is ne$less to say t ?is section is l>gely indebt$ to ,dean ,*ur*'s ,discipl9e ( ! ,*ri/ian ,"*4 #hg ,ed9b4 ,rev41 ,apr4 #ahhh1 p4 #eab4 #hh ,discipl9e ( ! ,*ri/ian ,"*1 p4 #he4 #hi ,ibid41 p4 #hg4 #ij ,hegel1 ,phil4 ( ,hi/41 p4 #bdg1 ,eng4 ,tr4 #ia ,cont4 ,rev41 ,oct4 #ahgh1 p4 #fde4 #ib ,ranke1 ,popes1 i4 #cie4 #ic ,doll+]1 ,! ,*ur* & ! ,*ur*es1 p4 #bci4 #id ,exam9ation ( ,sir ,w4 ,hamilton's ,philosophy1 p4 #ajc4 #ie ,h4 ,sp5c]1 ,data ( ,e?ics1 pref4 #if ,see ,ihne's rem>ks on ! sep>ation ( morals & religion 9 ,rome at ! "t ( ! ,punic w>s4 ',! religi\s crav+s 7 n satisfi$1 & m5 7 c>ri$ ei!r to ! s*ools ( ,greek ,philosophy or to ! grosse/ & meane/ sup]/ition4' ,hi/4 ( ,rome1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #dgg1 #dgh4 #ig ,hi/ory ( ,religions1 p4 #bb4 #ih ,ed]%eim1 ,life & ,times1 i4 p4 #ag4 #ii ,see ,ed]%eim1 i4 pp4 #ca1 etc4 #ajj ,hegel1 ,philosophy ( ,hi/ory1 p4 #cdc1 ,eng4 ,tr4 #aja #b ,s4 ,pet4 ii4 #a4 #ajb #a ,tim4 vi4 #bj4 #ajc #a ,cor4 viii4 #f4 #ajd #a ,cor4 iii4 #ai4 #aje ,euseb4 iii4 #bh4 #ajf #a ,cor4 ii4 #ab4 #ajg ,newman's ,arians1 *4 ii4 #a4 #ajh ,natural ,tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 #a1 #b4 #aji ,phil4 ( ,hi/41 p4 #cdc1 ,eng4 ,tr4 #aaj ,dorn]4 ,hi/4 ( ,doct4 i4 pp4 #cfb1 etc4 #aaa ,adv4 ,prax4 *4 iii4 #aab ,cont4 ,noet4 xiv4 #aac ,in/4 iv4 c4 #bi4 #aad ,/rom4 v4 #a4 #aae ,de ,pr9c4 ,i4 ii4 #aj4 #aaf ,adv4 ,arianos i4 #bj4 #aag ,de ,tr94 viii4 #aj & ix4 #b4 #aah ,ir54 ,adv4 ,ha]4 ,,iv4 iv4 ,i4 #b4 #aai ,cf4 pp4 #ccc-ccf4 #abj ,plat4 ,pha$4 #ih ,b4 ,ari/4 ,met4 #aba p4 #deeag4 ,! ref]5ces are to ! ,b]l9 edition4 #abb p4 #aiih1 #ah3 #daeag3 #gcabd4 #abc p4 #ajgjg1 #ajcch1 #gecc4 #abd ,dorn]1 ,hi/4 ( ,doct4 i4 p4 #cff4 #abe ,s4 ,a?an4 ,contra ,g5tes1 #db4 #abf ,morison's ,s]vice ( ,man1 p4 #dh4 #abg ,quot$ by ,w4 ,s4 ,lilly1 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,aug4 #ahhh1 p4 #bib4 #abh ,morison1 ,s]vice ( ,man1 p4 #di4 #abi ,x is f> f our purpose to und]value ! "w ( ,dr4 ,m>t9eau4 ,no m e>ne/ & vigor\s1 & s f> z x goes1 no tru] def5ce ( religion has be5 publi%$ 9 our day4 ,b 8 /r5g? lies ma9ly 9 8 prote/ aga9/ :at de/roys religion1 & 9 8 uncompromis+ ass]tion ( :at religion1 z a condition ( its exi/5ce1 dem&s4 ,he has done little to %ew u h[ ^! dem&s c be rationally satisfi$1 h[ ! p]sonal ,god1 :i* religion dem&s1 is ev5 an intelligible idea4 ,he wav]s betwe5 a view :i* logically develop$ mu/ result 9 pan!ism1 & a view imply+ a di/9ction 9 ! ,div9e nature1 :i* c>ries him f> 9 ! ,tr9it>ian direction4 ,m (t5 he cont5ts himself ) leav+ ! speculative "q alone1 or /orm+ ! rational position by ! =ces ( religion & morals4 ,see ,a ,/udy ( ,religion1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ade comp>$ ) p4 #aib4 #acj ,newman's ,arians1 p4 #hd4 #aca ,cf4 ,fiske1 ,idea ( ,god1 pp4 #ajc1 #ajd4 ,m>t9eau1 ,a ,/udy ( ,religion1 ii4 #agb1 #agc4 #acb ,idea ( ,god1 cf4 v4 & pp4 #aje-aaj4 #acc ,app>5tly by ,pr(4 ,all5's ,cont9uity ( ,*ri/ian ,?\ght4 #acd ,fiske1 ,idea ( ,god1 p4 #id4 #ace ,ibid41 vii4 #acf ,de ,inc>n4 c4 #ag4 #acg ,de ,civ4 ,dei1 vii4 c4 xxx2 cf4 too ,de ,g54 ad lit4 iv4 c4 #ab2 ,en*ir4 ad ,laur4 c4 #bg4 #ach ,s4 ,?oa4 ,aq4 ,sum4 ,!ol4 ,i4 i4 ,quae/4 #b1 says t ! ,exi/5ce ( ,god is demon/rable1 b he expla9s t he does n mean /rict demon/ration1 demon/ratio apodeictica b demon/ratio ab effectibus4 #aci ,! ,exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,by ,rev4 ,r4 ,f4 ,cl>ke1 ,s4,j41 p4 #f4 #adj ,huxley's ,hume1 p4 #ha4 #ada ',! "o act ( fai? 9 ! conv]t to sci5ce1 is ! confession ( ! univ]sality ( ord] & ( ! absolute validity1 9 all times & "u all circum/ances1 ( ! law ( causation4 ,?is confession is an act ( fai?1 because1 by ! nature ( ! case1 ! tru? ( su* propositions is n susceptible ( pro(4' ,huxley 9 ,d>w9's ,life & ,lett]s1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bjj4 #adb ,essay ,,iv4 #aj4 #b4 #adc ,cf4 ,gre5's ,works1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bhd4 #add ,log4 ,bk4 ,,iii4 *4 iii4 #b4 #ade ,/rom4 vi4 #e4 #adf ,lact4 ,in/itt4 ,,iv4 iii4 #adg ,butl]'s ,analogy1 ,pt4 ,,ii4 *4 iii4 p4 #ahc4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,pa94 ,j4 ,r4 ,,ill+wor?4 ,! problem ( pa91 always prom95t 9 a s5sitive age1 has be5 exceptionally emphasiz$ 9 ! lit]ature ( mod]n pessimism z an objection to ,!ism 9 g5]al1 & ,*ri/ianity 9 p>ticul>4 ,! exi/5ce ( pa9 is urg$ z incompatible ) ! belief 9 a ,god :o is at once omnipot5t & b5evol5t1 t is ) ,!ism 9 its ord9>y =m2 :ile ,*ri/ianity is fur!r *>g$ ) be+ a religion ( pa91 a religion :i* has increas$ ! sum ( actual1 & ! expectation ( prospective pa91 d>k5+ ! %ad[ t lies ^u our race4 ,suff]+ is n a subject ^u :i* any?+ new c be said4 ,x has long ago be5 prob$1 to ! utmo/ limit ( our capacity1 & rema9s a my/]y /ill4 ,b1 9 face ( ! adv]se use n[ made ( x1 x may be well to be> 9 m9d h[ mu* has be5 said & is to be said ^u ! o!r side4 ,to beg9 )1 !re are two classes ( pa91 animal & human1 :i* h[ev] intimately !y may be connect$ mu/1 = cle>ness1 be consid]$ ap>t4 ,! univ]sality ( pa9 ?r\gh\t ! range ( ! animal _w1 rea*+ back into ! di/ant ages ( geology1 & involv$ 9 ! v /ructure ( ! animal organism1 is )\t d\bt among ! mo/ s]i\s problems :i* ! ,!i/ has to face4 ,b x is a problem 9 deal+ ) :i* emotion is v (t5 mi/ak5 = logic4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill's fam\s indictm5t ( nature1 = example1 is "o ( ! mo/ emotional pieces ( rhetoric ( :i* a pr(ess$ logician 0 ev] guilty4 ,:5 a c]ta9 class ( facts is urg$ 9 objection to our ,*ri/ian belief1 we are entitl$ to ask h[ _m ( ^? facts are kn[n1 & h[ _m are only imag9$4 ,!re is ( c\rse a sci5tific use ( ! imag9ation1 b x is only p]missible )9 ! b\nds ( possible1 or at lea/ conceivable1 v]ification4 ,imag9ative conjectures :i*1 f ! nature ( ! case1 w nev] admit ei!r ( v]ification or dispro( are poetry & n sci5ce1 & mu/ be treat$ z su* 9 argum5t4 ,) all ! *anges t h pass$ ov] our k1 we may /ill d well to att5d to ! caution ) :i* ,butl] beg9s 8 ,analogy3-- ',"o _c b be greatly s5sible h[ difficult x is to sil5ce imag9ation en\gh to make ! voice ( reason ev5 di/9ctly he>d2 z we are accu/om$ f our y\? up to indulge t =w>d delusive faculty1 ev] obtrud+ beyond its sph]e2 ( "s assi/ance inde$ to appreh5sion1 b ! au?or ( all error3 z we pla9ly lose ourselves 9 gross & crude conceptions ( ?+s1 tak+ = grant$ t we are acqua9t$ ) :at inde$ we are :olly ignorant (4' ,?is ne$s repeat+1 because mu* ( ! popul> k ( ! day consi/s 9 ! acceptance ( results )\t exam9ation ( ! me?ods ( _! atta9m5t2 some:at z1 9 ! c\ntryman's simple fai?1 a ?+ mu/ ne$s be true because he has se5 x 9 a book4 ,:ile ! case 9 po9t is fur!r confus$ by ! fact t imag9ation has an important be>+ on all our conduct t[>ds ! l[] animals1 & _c1 = t purpose1 be too emotionally develop$4 ,b x is "o ?+ to err on ! safe side 9 practice1 & ano!r to conv]t su* possible error into argum5t4 ,:at !n d we really "k ab\t ! suff]+ ( animals8 ,no reasonable man d\bts t !y suff]4 ,b ! degree & int5sity ( _! suff]+ is almo/ entirely a matt] ( conjecture4 ,we speak (1 & are affect$ by ! mass ( animal suff]+2 b we mu/ rememb] t x is felt di/ributively4 ,no "o animal suff]s m because a million suff] likewise4 ,& :at we h to consid] is ! am\nt :i* an individual animal suff]s4 ,we h no k1 b we are entitl$ to meet conjecture by conjecture4 ,we may fairly suppose t ! animals d n 'look be=e & aft]1' & x is ?is t gives its /+ to human pa94 ,aga91 !y w\ld seem l *ildr5 to give /rong indications ( slight pa94 ,fur!r1 _m muscul> contortions :i* simulate extreme suff]+ are believ$ on sci5tific evid5ce to be due to q o!r causes4 ,& !n !re are ! ph5om5a ( fasc9ation1 :i* may well resemble ! exp]i5ce ( ,liv+/one 9 ! lion's m\?4 ,:ile _m pa9s are prophylactic & directly contribute to ! avoidance ( dang] & ma9t5ance ( life4 ,all ^! consid]ations may mitigate our view ( animal suff]+4 ,b a /rong] argum5t is to be drawn f our pr(\nd ignorance ( ! :ole "q4 ,animals c p]ceive col\rs invisible to u2 !y seem to h organs ( s5sation ( ^: nature we "k no?+2 _! in/9cts are f> m num]\s & f9] ?an our own2 :at comp5sations may !y n h8 ,aga91 :at are !y8 ,_h !y a pa/8 ,may !y n h a future8 ,:at is ! relation ( _! consci\sness to ! mighty life :i* pulses )9 ! univ]se8 ,may n ,ea/]n speculation ab\t ^! ?+s be ne>] ! tru? ?an ,we/]n sci5ce8 ,all ^! que/ions are 9 ! region ( ! unkn[n1 & ! unkn[able2 & 9 face ( !m ! ,!i/ic position is simply ?is4 ,we believe1 on complex & cumulative pro(1 9 an omnipot5t & b5evol5t ,creator4 ,t belief is a positive v]dict ( our reason1 int]pret+ evid5ce :i* we consid] irresi/ible4 ,& aga9/ su* a conclusion no presumption ( ! imag9ation1 :i* f ! nature ( ! case _c possibly be v]ifi$1 has any logical validity at all3 n to m5tion t su* presumptions admit ( be+ met by z probable presumptions on ! o!r side4 ,we decl9e to arraign our ,creator = a de$ :i* we h n ev5 ! means ( kn[+ t ,he has done4 ',all difficulties z to h[ !y 7! animals7 are to be dispos$ ( are s app>5tly & :olly f\nd$ 9 our ignorance t x is wond]ful !y %\ld be insi/$ ^u by any b su* z are weak en\gh to ?9k !y are acqua9t$ ) ! :ole sy/em ( ?+s4'444 ',:at m5 require is to h all difficulties cle>$2 & ?is is1 or at lea/ = any?+ we "k to ! contr>y x may be1 ! same z requir+ to compreh5d ! ,div9e nature1 & ! :ole plan ( provid5ce f ev]la/+ to ev]la/+#adh4' ,b ) human suff]+ ! case is diff]5t1 = "h we are 9 a measure beh9d ! sc5es4 ,we wat* ! process no long] f ! outside b f )92 & ?\gh x /ill rema9s my/]i\s1 its my/]y is full ( mean+4 ,9 say+ ?is we make two assumptions2 fir/1 t moral evil is an ultimate fact = u1 9 our pres5t /ate ( be+1 9 ! s5se t x c nei!r be expla9$ nor expla9$ away3 &1 secondly1 t "* & n pleasure1 be+1 & n feel+1 or to phrase x m g5]ally1 ! greate/ goodness ( ! greate/ numb]1 is ! prim>y end ( e?ics4 ,! fir/ ( ^! assumptions mo/ m5 are will+ to admit1 :ile ! few philosophical attempts to disprove x h conspicu\sly fail$4 ,! second has ! ass5t ( all morali/s except ! h$oni/s1 & ^? :o )\t be+ aw>e ( x are h$oni/s 9 disguise2 ! pessimism1 = example1 :i* makes s mu* ( pa91 be+ simply disappo9t$ h$onism4 ,/>t+ !n f ^! premises1 ! problem ( practical e?ics is ! =mation ( "* 9 ! face ( moral evil4 ,& 9 ! solution ( ?is problem pa9 & sorr[ h a place :i* no o!r kn[n ag5cy conceivably c\ld fill4 ,to beg9 ) its simple/ if l[e/ aspect1 pa9 is a puni%m5t2 & )\t import+ any a priori notions into ! "q1 we f9d puni%m5t to be a necess>y elem5t 9 ! evolution ( "*4 ,puni%m5t is a complex ?+1 & ! t5d5cy ( civilization is to lay /ress ^u its corrective r ?an its v9dictive aspect4 ,b we mu/ rememb] t ) unciviliz$ races ?is _c be ! case2 & t pa9s & p5alties1 consid]$ simply z retrospective v5geance = ! pa/1 h be5 hi/orically1 & 9 "s cases /ill are1 ess5tial to our social developm5t4 ,inde$1 x is a %all[ view t reg>ds v5geance z a survival ( savag]y4 ,v5geance is intimately b\nd up ) our s5se ( ju/ice1 & ! true diff]5ce betwe5 ! savage & ! sage is t :at ! "o eag]ly inflicts ^u 8 neighb\r1 ! o!r w\ld f> m will+ly inflict ^u himself4 ,plato express$ ?is once = all :5 he said t ! s9n] :o is puni%$ is happi] ?an ! s9n] :o escapes scot free4 ,we rightly %r9k1 z f> z possible1 f sitt+ 9 judgm5t on our fell[-m52 b we feel none ! less t our own ill de$s dem& a p5alty1 :i* may v>y f bodily suff]+ to int]ior %ame1 b :i* 9 "o =m or ano!r mu/ be endur$ be=e we c recov] our self-respect4 ,& self-respect is a necess>y factor 9 all moral progress4 ,puni%m5t1 !n1 consid]$ z v5geance1 is a necessity = ! social developm5t ( b>b>\s races2 & ?\gh less obvi\sly1 q z really = ! p]sonal progress ( ! civiliz$ man4 ,n[1 )\t committ+ ourselves to ! /atem5t t suff]+ 0 introduc$ into ! _w by s91 :i* is n a ,*ri/ian dogma1 ?\gh x is (t5 ?\ght to be s1 a va/ am\nt ( ! suff]+ 9 ! _w is obvi\sly puni%m5t1 & puni%m5t ( a v se>*+ k9d4 ,= n only are obvi\s vices puni%$ ) remorse1 & disease1 & %ame1 b ignorance1 impati5ce1 c>elessness1 ev5 mi/akes ( judgm5t are puni%$ too1 & t 9 a degree :i* we are apt to consid] disproportionate2 =getful t consequ5ces are ,god's comm5t>ies1 & ?is app>5t disproportion may reflect light ^u ! real magnitude ( :at we (t5 are too ready to consid] trivial ?+s4 ,b ^! puni%m5ts1 x is urg$1 fall on ! innoc5t z well z ! guilty4 ,& ?is leads u to ano!r po9t ( view4 ,pa9 is n only punitive4 ,x is also corrective & purgatorial4 ,& ?is aga9 is a fact ( ord9>y exp]i5ce1 q ap>t f ! fur!r consid]ation ( :y x %\ld be s4 ,among primitive races ! p5alties ( law1 by ! m]ely me*anical process ( =cibly re/ra9+ c]ta9 actions1 sl[ly elevate ! social tone4 ,& z m5 rise 9 ! scale ( developm5t & beg9 to be a law to !mselves1 ! same process is cont9u$ )9 ! individual m9d4 ,! pa9s & p5alties ( evil do+1 physical & m5tal1 t5d to correct & purify ! "*2 & :5 we say t m5 le>n wisdom by exp]i5ce1 we mo/ly mean by exp]i5ce ( some?+ pa9ful4 ,( c\rse1 ! mo/ obvi\s =m ( ?is correction is t 9 :i* ! suff]+ c be recognis$ by ! suff]] z m]it$1 because due to 8 own misde$s4 ,b ap>t f su* causal connection1 :at we call unm]it$ suff]+ ex]cises ! same influ5ce 9 an ev5 great] measure4 ,its =ces1 n be+ exhau/$ 9 ! "w ( neutralis+ pa/ evil1 are able to exp& & exp5d !mselves 9 a positive direction1 elevat+1 ref9+1 dignify+ ! "* to an inf9ite degree4 ,! m5 ( sorr[s are ! m5 ( influ5ce 9 e walk ( life4 ,m>tyrdom is ! c]ta9 road to success 9 any cause4 ,ev5 m ?an k1 pa9 is p[]4 ,& all ?is because x develops ! lat5t capacities ( our be+ z no o!r influ5ce c4 ,x requires no my/ic insight to see ! tru? ( ?is4 ,h[ev] unable we may be to acc\nt = x1 x is a fact ( ev]yday exp]i5ce1 visible to ord9>y common s5se4 ,& ?is be+ s1 !re is no?+ ( necessity unju/ 9 :at we call unm]it$ suff]+1 n ev5 9 ! sad inh]itance by *ildr5 ( ! results ( p>5tal s94 ,= :ile ! sight ( ! mis]able entail may1 if rightly us$1 become ! p>5t's puni%m5t1 its imposition may be ! *ild's call to high] ?+s4 ,true1 l all o!r useful ag5cies1 x (t5 fails ( its end2 b su* failure is ( ! problem ( evil1 n ( ! problem ( pa94 ,&1 la/ly1 ) m51 z ) animals1 suff]+ is l>gely prophylactic4 ,bodily pa9 s\nds ! al>m bell ( disease 9 "t = its removal4 ,m5tal & moral pa9 arre/ ! issues ( ignorant or evil c\rses be=e x is too late4 ,:ile ! desire to remove pa9 f ourselves1 or bett] /ill f o!rs1 is among ! /ronge/ inc5tives ( ! sci5tific discov]]1 ! patriot1 ! philan?ropi/4 ,& ?\gh x may seem a fallacy to cr$it pa9 ) ! virtues :i* spr+ f ! desire = its removal1 common s5se rises above logic & recognises ! real value ( a spur )\t :i* _m ( our noble/ activities w\ld cease4 ,n[1 ?\gh all ^! consid]ations naturally lead on into !ology = _! fur!r treatm5t1 yet x %\ld be notic$ t !y are 9 no s5se exclusively !ological4 ,! p5al1 ! corrective1 ! prev5tive1 & ! /imulat+ uses ( pa9 are all recognis$ 9 ! av]age man's philosophy ( life4 ,inde$1 !y are too obvi\s to ne$ dwell+ on at any l5g?4 ,b ! po9t to be notic$ is1 t tak5 toge!r1 !y cov] a v great deal ( gr\nd4 ,= x is h>dly too mu* to say t 9 "o or o!r ( its v>i\s aspects1 e human be+ has ne$ ( suff]+ = ! due developm5t ( 8 "*4 ,& ?is is a fact :i* %\ld g f> to outweigh mu* brilliant declamation ( ! pessimi/s4 ,pessimism1 9 fact1 /]eotypes & gives a fictiti\s p]man5ce to :at is only "o among our _m moods ( ?\ght4 ,x h>ps ^u ! fact t we naturally %r9k f pa94 ,x ignores ! fact t we are consci\s ( be+ ! bett] = x1 & unable to conceive progress )\t x4 ,& ?\gh ^! consid]ations af=d no solution to ! speculative my/]y ( pa91 !y make 9 ! direction ( a speculative solution4 ,!y d n expla9 :y pa9 exi/s1 b !y %ew u t its exi/5ce1 9 ! only region 9 :i* we c really te/ x1 is em95tly useful1 & !re=e consi/5t ) provid5tial & b5efic5t design4 ,_! precise logical relation to ! ,!i/ic argum5t might be put z foll[s3 ,argum5ts drawn f _m dep>tm5ts ( life & ?\ght conv]ge 9 fav\r ( ,!ism1 b "o l>ge & important dep>tm5t1 t ( human suff]+1 blocks ! way4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we isolate & exam9e t dep>tm5t1 we f9d t ev5 )9 its limits ! evid5ce ( provid5t purpose is prom95t1 if n prepond]ant4 ,its prom95ce is c]ta9ly en\gh to neutralize ! negative be>+ ( ! dep>tm5t ^u ! g5]al argum5t4 ,its prepond]ance1 :i* _m if n mo/ m5 w\ld admit1 c>ries u fur!r & makes ! net evid5ce ( ! :ole dep>tm5t an affirmative contribution to ,!ism4 ,s f> common s5se c>ries u4 ,b :5 we turn to ! place ( pa9 9 ! religions ( ! _w1 two fur!r ?\ghts are sugge/$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! belief 9 a future life1 :i* is common to almo/ all religions1 at once op5s endless vi/as ( possibility be=e u4 ,! pa9 :i* has fail$ to purify "h1 may yet purify h]eaft]2 ! high-h&$ wrong-do+1 :i* has seem$ to g unpuni%$ "h1 may !re meet ) its righte\s due4 ,! pa9s :i* we h ?\ght excessive "h1 may !re be f\nd to h work$ out = u a f> m exce$+ weight ( glory4 ,& s ! p>ticul> difficulty :i* arises f ! unequal incid5ce ( e>?ly suff]+ may "o day f9d its adequate solution4 ,no d\bt !re is an elem5t ( tru? 9 ! famili> taunt t belief 9 a future life has be5 a curse z well z a bless+ to ! _w4 ,9 "s /ages ( culture1 = example1 ! future life has be5 suppos$ only to emphasize ! inequalities ( ! pres5t3 ! slave liv+ on 9 ev]la/+ slav]y1 & ! w>rior 9 incessant w>4 ,b ?is has be5 a p>tial & a pass+ phase ( ?\ght1 :i* rapidly gave way be=e m e?ical conceptions4 ,! e?ical conceptions 9 _! turn1 :i* 7 bas$ on future rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 confess$ly c\ld n produce a v high type ( morality4 ,b !y h fill$ _! place1 & t a l>ge "o 9 ! hi/ory ( human developm5t1 :ile ev5 aft] ceas+ to be ! dom9ant motives1 !y /ill witness to ! in]adicable expectation ( our race1 t hol9ess & happ9ess1 s9 & failure1 %all "o day co9cide4 ,m s]i\s & sad is ! fact t di/ort$ dreams ( future puni%m5t h (t5 reflect$ a lurid light ^u ! :ole ( life2 goad+ zealots into cruelty1 s9n]s into madness1 ?9k]s into unbelief2 & h l+]$ on1 z savage survivals1 ev5 into ,*ri/ian times1 to ! hopeless obscuration1 9 _m m9ds1 ( ! cre$ t ,god is ,love4 ,b ev5 "h we mu/ draw di/9ctions4 ,e>ly races express int5sity by an accumulation ( mat]ial metaphors--fecundity by an hundr$ brea/s1 omnipot5ce & omnisci5ce by an hundr$ arms or a ?\s& eyes4 ,& s1 :5 !y saw ! unrighte\s man enjoy ! fruits ( 8 unrighte\sness1 & die 9 unrebuk$ defiance ( laws human & div9e1 _! s5se ( outrag$ ju/ice c\ld n b express itself 9 t]ms ( mat]ial horror4 ,we h gr[n to be m pitiful1 m ref9$ 9 our moral ?9k+1 less dogmatic ab\t unkn[n ?+s3 yet nei!r our moral exp]i5ce nor our ,*ri/ianity has avail$ to remove ! dread ( t unutt]able 'pa9 ( loss1' :i* ! pass+ ( a s\l 9 obdurate imp5it5ce has ev] sugge/$ to ! m9d ( man4 ,& h[ev] confid5tly !re=e we may put aside ! di/ortions1 & debasem5ts1 & int]e/$ exagg]ations :i* h d>k5$ ! ?\ght ( future puni%m5t1 we mu/ rememb] t ! ?\ght itself 0 no ali5 introduction into hi/ory2 b due to ! in/9ctive crav+ ( ! human he>t = ju/ice2 man's own trem5d\s v]dict on 8 s9#adi4 ,b ! univ]sality1 or at lea/ extreme g5]ality ( ! belief 9 a cont9u$ exi/5ce1 is q di/9ct f ! p>ticul> pictures ( x :i* ! imag9ation has v>i\sly drawn2 mu* z ! univ]sality ( consci5ce is di/9ct f its v>y+ cont5t among div]se races & 9 diff]5t ages4 ,& ! broad fact rema9s t f ! dawn ( hi/ory ! majority ( mank9d h believ$ 9 & look$ ) confid5ce to a future life to rectify1 & !re=e ju/ify1 ! inequalities ( e>?ly suff]+2 h[ev] mu* _! views h v>i$ z to :at %\ld con/itute rectification4 ,secondly1 !re is an in/9ctive t5d5cy 9 all religions1 f ! savage upw>ds1 to view pa91 :e!r 9 ! =m ( asceticism or sacrifice1 z insep>ably connect$ ) an acceptable s]vice ( ! gods or ,god4 ,! asceticism ( poor ,caliban =ego+ 8 little mess ( :elks1 & t ( ! ,h9doo ^: m]itori\s suff]+s are expect$ to prevail1 by intr9sic "r ) heav52 ! hide\s holocau/s ( ,mexico1 & ! pap] sub/itutes = (f]+s ( ! p>simoni\s or hypocritical ,*9ee are widely diff]5t ?+s4 ,b !y all spr+ f a common in/9ct1 v>i\sly di/ort$1 yet p]si/5t ?r\gh all di/ortions1 & progressively ref9$1 till x culm9ates 9 ! ,hebrew sub/itution ( ! brok5 he>t = ! blood ( bulls & ( goats4 ,x is ! cu/om ( "s mod]n writ]s to repres5t ! high] =ms ( sacrifice z m]ely survivals ( ! savage desire to propitiate ! gods by food4 ,b ?is is n an adequate analysis ev5 ( ! savage cre$4 ,naturally en\gh ! primitive hunt]1 to :om food is ! *ief good1 may ?9k food ! wor?ie/ (f]+ to ! gods4 ,b x is n simply food1 b 8 own food1 t he (f]s1 ! *oice/ morsel1 t :i* x co/s him some?+ to =ego4 ,9 o!r words1 ! root ( sacrifice is self-sacrifice1 h[ev] crudely x may be express$4 ,( c\rse1 ! primitive hypocrite w\ld seek to evade p]sonal suff]+ z naturally z ! civiliz$ hypocrite w give alms at ano!r man's exp5se4 ,b s9c]ity mu/ come be=e hypocrisy1 & ! sacrificial in/9ct is 9 orig9 s9c]e4 ,its fir/ acc\nt ( itself may be irrational1 & its e>li] manife/ations (t5 blund]+ & repulsive2 & if x 7 n[ only a survival1 ! same %\ld be true ( its lat] =ms1 = survivals are n commonly improv$ 9 ! process ( surviv+4 ,b s f> f ?is be+ ! case1 x has be5 ref9$ by successive developm5ts & is z integral an elem5t ( lat] z ( e>li] religions1 be+ 9 fact ! symbolic /atem5t t a m or less pa9ful self-surr5d] is ! necess>y condition ( all human approa* to ! div9e4 ,natural religion !n1 9 ! wide/ use ( ! t]m1 c>ries u on beyond common s5se1 9 attribut+ a my/]i\s value to suff]+ "h1 & expect+ an explanation ( its anomalies h]eaft]4 ,! fir/ belief may be call$ my/ical1 ! second hypo!tical1 & yet ! two toge!r h done m to reconcile man to 8 burd5 ( sorr[ ?an all ! philosophic comm5ts on ! uses ( adv]sity2 = !y h seem$ to lift him1 ?\gh bl9dfold1 into a l(ti] region1 :]e he felt himself inbrea?+ p[] f on high4 ,& s "h1 z 9 o!r ?+s1 natural religion leads on into ,*ri/ianity4 ,! relation ( ,*ri/ianity to ! problem ( pa91 may be be/ se5 by contra/+ x ) ! empirical optimism ( common s5se4 ,enlight5$ common s5se1 z we h se51 is fully aw>e ( ! uses ( sorr[2 b x looks at ! usefulness ?r\gh ! sorr[fulness1 z a comp5sation :i* %\ld make ! wise man cont5t to be> 8 pa94 ,! *ange :i* ,*ri/ianity has effect$ consi/s 9 ! rev]sal ( ?is view ( ! subject4 ,once = all1 x has put ! value be=e ! pa9fulness 9 our ?\ghts4 ,! ,au?or & ,f9i%] ( our fai?1 '= ! joy t 0 set be=e ,him1 endur$ ! ,cross1 despis+ ! %ame1' & 'our light affliction1 :i* is b = a mom5t1 worke? = u a f> m exce$+ weight ( glory1 :ile we look n at ! ?+s :i* are se5 b at ! ?+s :i* are unse54' ,x bids u n wait 'till ! sorr[ comes ) ye>s1' b take up our cross1 f ! fir/ mom5t ( our consci\s disciple%ip4 ,& accord+ly ! real ,*ri/ian looks at sorr[ n f )\t1 b f )91 & does n approa* its speculative difficulty till he is aw>e by exp]i5ce ( its practical p[]4 ,consequ5tly he _c expla9 himself to ! m]ely ext]nal critic4 ,he may urge 9 argum5t su* g5]al consid]ations z h be5 t\*$ ^u above1 & meet ! pleas ( pessimism ) ! c\nt]pleas ( philosophic optimism2 b if press$ = ! inn] secret ( 8 own s]5ity1 he c only answ] ) ! esot]ic invitation1 ',come & see4' ,ent] ! dim sanctu>y ( sorr[ ?r\gh ! %ad[ ( ! ,cross4 ,abide !re1 & z y\r eyes gr[ accu/om$ to ! d>kness1 ! /range l9es ^u its walls :i* seem$ at fir/ s mean+less1 w gr\p !mselves into %apes & =ms ( purposeful design4 ,once = all ! s9less suff]+ ( ! ,cross has p>t$ s9 f suff]+ ) a cle>ness ( di/9ction nev] be=e a*iev$4 ,! intellectual ,greek _h t5d$ to confuse ! two z k9dr$ =ms ( ignorance2 ! we>y ,ori5tal z k9dr$ consequ5ces ( our imprisonm5t 9 ! body1 '! too too solid fle%2' ! self-righte\s ,jew view$ bl9dness1 or dea? f a fall+ t[]1 z evid5ce ( exceptional s94 ,ev]y:]e 9 ! anci5t _w ! outl9es ( ! two 7 undef9$1 & _! true relation ( antagonism misund]/ood4 ,b ! sight ( p]fect s9lessness1 comb9$ ) p]fect suff]+1 has cle>$ our view = ev]4 ,s9 inde$ always br+s suff]+ 9 its tra91 b ! suff]+ we n[ see to be ( ! nature ( its antidote2 an antidote (t5 appli$ inde$ ) inexorable /]nness1 b 9 its int5tion :olly m]ciful4 ,?us e s9 has its appropriate suff]+4 ,bodily indulg5ce br+s bodily disease2 cruelty ends 9 c[>dice2 pride & vanity 9 %ame4 ,& ?\gh ! suff]+ ( itself _c conv]t ! s9n]1 x c & does prev5t bo? ! gratification & contagion ( ! s94 ,!n comes ! m t]rible sorr[ ( remorse2 & remorse is pot5tial p5it5ce1 & p5it5ce pot5tial purification4 ,b :ile s9 ?us involves suff]+1 suff]+ does n involve s94 ,x is n only an antidote1 b "o ( ^? antidotes :i* tak5 9 "t is prophylactic4 ,& ?is is n only true ( ! pa9s ( self-d5ial & self-sacrifice1 ! volunt>y be>+ ( ! cross1 b ( _m an involunt>y sorr[ also4 ,delicate heal?1 ,plato's bridle ( ,!ages1 inh]it$ pa91 privation1 b]eavem5t1 may all ref9e ! "* & tra9 ! spiritual eye to t purity ( he>t t %all see ,god4 ,pa9 9 fact1 9 its manifold me?ods1 is l ! angel ( ! ,ea/]n /ory1 *ang+ its =m incessantly to cope ) ! %ift+ %apes ( s91 & pass+ by turns into a lion1 a bird1 a sword1 a flood1 a flame1 9 sleepless eag]ness to foll[ & f9d1 & slay & qu5* & burn away ! lea/ la/ l+]+ p>ticle ( evil4 ,s f> f be+ our enemy x is our safe/ ally 9 ! battle ( life1 & we fail ?r\gh %r9k+ f ! /]n alliance4 ,we suff] because we s92 b we also s9 because we decl9e to suff]4 ,/ill1 ! v %>pness ( ! sev]ance betwe5 s9 & suff]+ on ! ,cross =ces ^u u ! fur!r "q--,:y %\ld ! s9less suff]8 ,! vic>i\s suff]+ ( ,*ri/ is said to conflict ) our s5se ( ju/ice4 ,& x does s1 z misrepres5t$ 9 mu* popul> !ology4 ,b rightly view$1 x is ! climax & complete expression ( ! process to :i* we owe ! entire evolution ( our race4 ,! pleasures ( ea* g5]ation evaporate 9 air2 x is _! pa9s t increase ! spiritual mom5tum ( ! _w4 ,we ent] into life ?r\gh ! travail ( ano!r4 ,we live ^u ! dea? ( ! animals b5ea? u4 ,! necessities1 ! com=ts1 ! luxuries ( our exi/5ce are provid$ by ! lab\r & sorr[ ( c\ntless fell[-m54 ,our fre$om1 our laws1 our lit]ature1 our spiritual su/5ance h be5 won = u at ! co/ ( brok5 he>ts1 & we>i$ bra9s1 & noble lives laid d[n4 ,& ?is is only ! human analogue ( t transf]5ce ( en]gy by :i* all life & movem5t is = ev] c>ri$ on4 ,! sun is s mu* ! cool] by ! heat x daily gives to e>?2 ! plant & tree ! weak] by ! =ce t has matur$ _! fruit2 ! animal g5]ations exhau/$ 9 cont9u+ _! k9d4 ,& h[ %\ld _! ,creator draw all m5 unto ,him1 b ?r\gh ! in/rum5tality ( ,8 own great law ( sacrifice8 ,if we %r9k f our %>e 9 ! conditions ( ! solemn legacy1 x is easy to p]suade ourselves t ! sy/em ( ?+s is wrong4 ,b if we accept x1 & resolve t we too 9 our turn w sp5d & be sp5t = o!rs1 we f9d b5ea? all ! sup]ficial suff]+ ! deep tru? ( ! b5$iction1 ',x is m bless$ to give ?an to receive4' ,& 9 ! exp]i5ce ( t b5$iction we see fur!r /ill into ! my/]i\s significance ( sorr[4 ,fur!r2 b n yet to ! end4 ,= ! human he>t desires m ?an m]ely to "w = o!rs4 ,x desires to be "o ) ^? = :om x works4 ,love is ! highe/ =m ( t unity2 b ev5 %ort ( actual love1 we in/9ctively crave communion & sympa?y ) our k9d4 ,& x is no morbid view ( life to say t sorr[ br+s ab\t ?is union 9 a way t joy does n4 ,!re is some?+1 "u our pres5t conditions1 9 ! v expansiv5ess ( joy :i* dissociates1 :ile sorr[ seems to weld u1 l hamm] /rokes on /eel4 ,x is ! nationality ^: memb]s h toge!r /ruggl$ = exi/5ce1 ! soldi]s :o h fac$ ! %ock ( battle side by side1 ! p]secut$ p>ty1 ! husb& & wife :o h kn[n common suff]+ t are mo/ intimately1 indissolubly "o4 ,nor is ?is union m]ely negative l ! bond :i* fell[-prison]s feel1 & yet w\ld eag]ly escape f if !y c\ld4 ,x is due to a di/9ct s5se t ! common crisis has ar\s$ all t is highe/ & noble/ & mo/ spiritual1 & !re=e mo/ sympa!tic 9 ! s\l4 ,b aga91 x is only 9 ! light f ! ,cross1 t we c see :y pa9 %\ld possess ?is p[]4 ,= 9 t light we und]/& h[ pa9 unites u to ea* o!r1 because1 z ev5 natural religion dimly felt1 x unites u to ,god1 & !re=e ?r\gh ,him to ^? :o 9 ,him live & move & h _! be+4 ,x unites u to ,god because x purifies u1 because x deta*es u f e>?1 because x quick5s our s5se ( dep5d5ce1 because x op5s our spiritual vision1 & above all because ,he too1 z man1 has suff]$4 ,b ! my/ics :o h se5 fur!/ into heav5ly ?+s h felt t x unites u to ,god 9 /ill m vital wise1 z be+1 at lea/ 9 its =m ( sacrifice1 ! v beat+ ( ! he>t ( love4 ,& s !y h rais$ ! "q1--,has x n an antitype f> 9 ! illimitable dep?s ( ! unse58 ,= we are told t ,god is ,love2 & love1 z we "k x1 mu/ be %ewn 9 sacrifice2 ?\gh ! sacrifice gr[s pa9less 9 proportion z ! love is pure4 ,& :5 we recall h[ 9 ! days ( our ,"l's m9i/ry on e>?1 ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s bore _! witness ea* to o!r1 b no "o ( ! ,holy ,p]sons ev] to ,himself1 we are l$ on to wond] :e!r '9 ! light t no man c approa* unto1' :]e ! ,?ree are ,"o1 "s high] analogue ( :at we call sacrifice does n = ev] flame2 ^: radiant reflection on ! univ]se only becomes %ad[ :5 x falls on a _w ( s94 ,b h[ev] ^! high ?+s may be1 ! simple/ ,*ri/ian feels & kn[s t1 9 8 pres5t /ate1 ! unitive way1 ! way to union ) bo? ,god & man1 is ! 'via dolorosa1' ! way ( ! cross3--a s]i\s & solemn belief1 :i* is v f> f lead+ to complac5cy1 9 pres5ce ( ! awful spectacle ( animal & human pa92 b /ill is bas$ on suffici5t exp]i5ce to ju/ify ! hope t all its my/]y w be "o day solv$4 ,m ?an ?is we d n expect1 = ! intellect1 9 our ,*ri/ian view1 is z mu* on its probation & z liable to error z ! w2 & inord9ate curiosity n less mislead+ ?an inord9ate desire4 #adh ,butl]1 ,analogy4 #adi ,cf4 pp4 #ead-af4 ,,iv4 ,,prep>ation ,,9 ,,hi/ory ,,= ,,*ri/4 ,,edw>d ,s4 ,,talbot4 ,! p>adox ( ,div9e my/]y impli$ 9 ! words ',! ,^w 0 made fle%1' is n exhau/$ by a "r und]/&+ ( ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/4 ,x ext5ds to ! relations betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,hi/ory4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! ,inc>nation ( ! ,son ( ,god appe>s z supreme1 solit>y1 unique1 transc5d+ all analogies ( exp]i5ce1 all limitations ( nationality or g5]ation1 det]m9$ be=e ! _w 01 beyond ! p[] ( any antec$5ts to produce1 ! entry ( a new ?+ into ! _w4 ,x appe>s1 9 %ort1 z a miracle4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 x appe>s z an hi/orical ev5t1 occurr+ at a p>ticul> date1 appeal+ to ! feel+s & fulfill+ ! hopes ( ! "t1 a climax & a new po9t ( dep>ture 9 ! hi/orical ord]4 ,x does ?is1 necess>ily1 because ?is is involv$ 9 ! act ( tak+ fle%1 ( ent]+ simply1 lit]ally1 naturally into ! conditions ( human life4 ,su* a ?+ occurs1 & mu/ occur1 9 ! natural ord]4 ,to say ?is is n to dictate :at a ,div9e revelation mu/ be1 b only to %ew :at ,*ri/ianity ass]ts ( itself4 ,9 ?is way x 0 good 9 ,god's sight t ,8 revelation %\ld come4 ,x foll[s f ?is1 9 ! fir/ place1 t !re mu/ be two ways1 bo? valid & necess>y1 ( approa*+ 9 ?\ght & /udy ,*ri/ manife/ 9 ! fle%4 ,we may treat ! fact ( ,8 appe>+ ) little or no ref]5ce to hi/orical relations1 = its own inh]5t un*ang+ tru? & mean+4 ,we may also treat x z clo!d 9 hi/orical ev5t1 to be und]/ood 9 its relations ) :at w5t be=e & foll[$ aft] & /ood ar\nd4 ,! two me?ods supplem5t "o ano!r4 ,x may be true t ! simple p]sonal claim :i* ! solit>y figure ( ,jesus ,*ri/ makes ^u u1 by its unalt]able moral dignity & beauty1 its typical humanity1 its une>?ly au?ority1 is ! /ronge/ t c be made3 none ! less may t claim be confirm$ & re9=c$ if we see ! same figure z x 7 ^u an hi/orical ?rone2 if x %\ld become cle> t :at w5t be=e 7& :at foll[$ aft]7 does1 9 any way1 pay homage to ,him2 if ! mann] ( ,8 appe>+ 9 place & "t be calculat$ to height5 ! impression :i* ! fact ( x makes4 ,& 9 ! second place1 x foll[s t to />t 9 any hi/orical treatm5t ( ! subject ( ?is pap] f ! c5tral tw(old ass]tion z to ,*ri/1 made by ,s4 ,john 9 ! phrase ',! ,^w 0 made fle%1' is to obta9 at once ! "r clue to ! l9es :i* x %\ld foll[4 7#a7 ,to d s is n to beg ! "q or to fett] ! enquiry1 b only to def9e :at k9d ( evid5ce1 if any1 ! /udy ( ,*ri/'s relation to =ego+ hi/ory c yield4 ,we see t x mu/ be su* z works 9 u ! conviction t ,he bo? does1 & does n1 occur 'naturally' at ! "t & place :5 ,he appe>$2 t hi/ory leads up to ,him & prep>es ,8 way1 & yet t no =ce ( natural antec$5ts c acc\nt = ,him or = ,8 "w4 ,x is true t evid5ce = ei!r side ( ?is two-sid$ impression may h suffici5t weight to det]m9e fai? especially ) individual m9ds4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ,*ri/ & all else 9 hi/ory1 arre/+ ! att5tion & sugge/+ ! ?\ght ( special ,div9e pres5ce1 may ( itself be a spr+ ( fai?3 or1 ^u ! o!r h&1 a cle> disc]nm5t ( ,8 natural supremacy 9 hi/ory may lead a man on to high] tru?4 ,b ! true evid5ce1 z correspond+ to ! true & full claim1 w be t :i* sugge/s ! conclusion ) simultane\s & equal =ce f ei!r side4 7#b7 ,if ! aim is n evid5ce b in/ruction1 & we desire simply to und]/& bett] :at is true ( our ,"l's relation to hi/ory1 x w /ill advantage u greatly to />t f ! same po9t4 ,we %all be able to recognise freely & )\t fe> ( contradiction or confusion1 on ! "o side1 ! way 9 :i* ! l9es ( hi/ory1 ( human exp]i5ce1 aspiration1 a*ievem5t1 "*1 ne$1 lead up to ,*ri/ & issue 9 ,him3 & on ! o!r1 ! une>?ly & peculi> greatness ( ,him ,:o spake z nev] man spake1 ,:o taught z "o t _h au?ority & n z ! ,scribes1 ,:o 0 n conv9c$ by any ( s93 ,^: daily intimacy ) a disciple issu$ 9 t disciple's confession1 ',?\ art ! ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ! ,liv+ ,god4' ,su* a me?od1 />t+ f ! ,*ri/ian claim1 & try+ to trace out all t x involves1 ne$ n be only = ! believ]1 any m ?an ! que/ = evid5ce or witness is = ^? only :o d n believe4 ,! ,*ri/ian te/s ! f\ndations1 & welcomes e corroboration1 ( 8 fai?3 :ile1 9 dwell+ on ! "* ( ! "w & ( its relations to all else1 ! non-believ] may come to f9d ! conviction gr[ ^u him t x 0 inde$ 'wr\ght ( ,god4' 7#c7 ,f ! same po9t1 we see at once to :at d\ble misund]/&+ or d\ble attack ! ,gospel n only may b mu/ be liable4 ,on ! "o side1 x may be refus$ a he>+ z miracul\s2 x may be und]/ood z violat+ ! natural ord] :i* x transc5ds2 x may be reg>d$ & res5t$ z an anomaly 9 hi/ory4 ,on ! o!r side1 a consid]ation ( ! aptness ( its occurr5ce :5 & :]e x did occur1 & ( its h>moni\s relations to _m l9es ( t5d5cy w sugge/ ! suspicion t x may be aft] all only a result1 ?\gh a supreme & surpris+ result1 ( hi/orical =ces4 ,9 a ^w1 x may be accus$ at once f sep>ate1 possibly f ! same1 qu>t]s z too sup]natural & too natural to be :at x claims to be4 ,x is all-important to notice at ! outset t liability to ?is d\ble attack is an inevitable incid5t ( its true "* & ( t :i* makes its glory1 viz4 ! pres5ce ( true ,godhead "u truly human conditions4 ,b to return to ! ma9 po9t4 ,! importance & int]e/ ( ! subject ( ?is pap] may be inf]r$1 z we h se51 directly f :at ! ,inc>nation claims to be4 ,b we are n left to inf] x = ourselves4 ,no?+ is cle>] or m /rik+ ?an ! place :i* x occupi$ f ! outset 9 ! decl>ation ( ! ,gospel4 ,jesus ,himself spoke ( ! ,scribes ( ! k+dom z 'br++ =? out ( _! treasure ?+s new & old'2 & laid x d[n z a fir/ pr9ciple ( ,8 k+dom t ,he 0 'n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil#aej4' ,:ile ) surpris+ & comm&+ cle>ness ,he c5tres m5 ^u ,himself1 & di/+ui%es ,himself f all :o came be=e ,him1 f '! prophets & ! law :i* prophesi$ until ,john'2 ,he yet ) evid5t c>e draws ! new out ( ! old1 & fits x on to ! old3 ,he del9eates ,8 own mission z a climax 9 a long appeal ( ,god to ,israel#aea1 & ! opposition to ,him & ,81 z a *apt] ( dn\em5t 9 ! hi/ory ( an old conflict betwe5 ,god & ! ungodly#aeb4 ,he sees a 'necessity' = ! happ5+ ( ?+s to fulfil :at _h be5 said ( old#aec4 ,! v pi? ( ! disciples' ignorance is _! failure to see h[ ! features ( ,8 "w & "* _h be5 trac$ be=eh&1 & ! supreme tea*+ :i* !y receive f ,him is t :i* discloses ,8 correspond5ce to ! :ole t5or ( ! ,scriptures ( ! pa/#aed4 ,! tea*+ ( ! ,apo/les1 & ( ^? :o foll[$ !m1 is fai?ful to ^! l9es4 ,?\gh !y h to conv9ce ! _w ( an ,ev5t :i* works a revolution1 :i* is to turn m5 f d>kness to light3 ?\gh _! p]fect confid5ce 9 _! own tru? makes !m see ! ?+s t w5t be=e z elem5ts1 'weak & begg>ly elem5ts#aee1' & !y h moreov] battles to fight aga9/ ^! 'elem5ts' set up aga9 z antagoni/s3 ?\gh _! adh]5ce to ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 an ev] fruitful s\rce ( difficulty & attack 7( :i* ,judaiz+ & ,gno/ic controv]sies are ! record71 yet nev]!less !y unsw]v+ly ma9ta9$ ! inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & /ood ^u x2 & we di/+ui% )\t hesitation z _! normal1 prim>y1 *>act]i/ic me?od t ( appeal to ! correspond5ce betwe5 _! ,gospel & e hope & ^w ( ,israel's fai?3 ! 'revelation ( ! my/]y 444 is 444 by ! scriptures ( ! prophets 444 made kn[n to all nations#aef4' ,! ,hebrews :o wi/fully look back to _! temple1 law1 & ritual1 are n taught a /]n =getfulness ( :at _h be51 nor l$ vaguely to spiritualize its mean+1 b are l$ to recognise 9 ea* "p ( ! anci5t sy/em a l9e :i* leads up to ,*ri/4 ,f9ally1 ! disciple :o sets ! true be+ ( 8 ,ma/] 9 monum5tal & awful spl5d\r z ! ,^w :o '0 ) ,god & 0 ,god' n[ made manife/ 9 ! fle%1 9 ! same brea? c>ries u to ! v core & s\rce ( all t c be impli$ 9 prep>ation by decl>+ ! same ,^w to h be5 '9 ! _w' be=e1 to h be5 ! au?or ( all ?+s1 & ! unse5 light ( m5#aeg4 ,! relation ( ,*ri/ to hi/ory1 or ! prep>ation = ! ,gospel1 is !n no aft]?\ght ( our own or any rec5t "t4 ,x 0 ,augu/9e's say+ t ,*ri/ianity 0 z old z ! _w#aeh3 & ,t]tullian's 7"o ( almo/ v5turesome boldness7 t 9 ! previ\s hi/ory ,*ri/ 0 s*ool+ ,himself = inc>nation#aei4 ,b x is n difficult to see t our own "t is "o :i* is specially fitt$ to appreciate & h&le ?is aspect ( ! ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,our cultivation ( ! hi/orical me?od1 our hi/orical realism or s5se ( ! relation ( p]sons or ev5ts to hi/orical sett+1 our recognition ( ! "p play$ 9 =m+ /ructure1 function1 "*1 by gradual process1 by h]$ity1 by evolution1 our develop$ und]/&+ ( ! l9ks by :i* ! p>ts & successions 9 all nature1 & n lea/ 9 :at is human1 are b\nd toge!r--all ^! g to =m a habit ( m9d :i* 9 pres5ce ( su* a ,revelation z t ( ! ,gospel w at once busy itself1 :e!r = satisfaction1 = edification1 = controv]sy1 or = int]pretation1 ) ! relation ( ! ,tru? to ! _w into :i* x came1 to all f among/ :i* x sprung4 ,9 su* a "t x is natural t attack %\ld try to %ew t facts :i* hi/orical criticism has done mu* to secure1 & a ,life :i* x has become impossible to treat z a my?1 are simply explicable accord+ to ! natural laws ( hi/orical causation4 ,x is natural t ,*ri/ianity %\ld be expla9$ z ! fl[] & bloom ( ,judaism1 or z sprung f ! fusion ( ,greek & ,jewi% influ5ces 9 a ,galilean m$ium4 ,su* explanations may n be new1 b !y are urg$ ) new res\rces & a m subtle +5uity4 ,!y h ! advantage ( be+ ! sort ( explanations :i* are naturally mo/ cong5ial to ! "t4 ,b out ( ! v /ress ( su* attacks may come a special corroboration ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,! exp]im5t is crucial3 x c h>dly be expect$ t attack ( ?is k9d c ev] comm& great] skill & res\rce ?an x does at pres5t4 ,if !re=e x %\ld be prov$ to fail3 if we are able to look m5 9 ! face & ask :e!r :5 all all[ance is made = ! subtle '*emi/ries' ( hi/ory & = ! p>adoxical way 9 :i* hi/orical results spr+ f :at prec$es !m1 x is possible to ?9k t ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,8 religion 7 a m]e gr[? f antec$5ts--!n we h "h ! prospect ( su* a confirmation ( fai? z no age less hi/orically sci5tific c\ld1 9 t k9d1 give & receive4 ,b ?is negative result1 great z its value may be1 c only be "p ( :at ,*ri/ian sci5ce may yield 9 ?is sph]e = ! elucidation & support ( fai?4 ,x %\ld surely be able to display ) great] bread? & delicacy ?an ev] be=e t correspond5ce betwe5 ! ,revelation ( ,*ri/ & :at w5t be=e x1 :i* 0 ( old indicat$ by say+ t ,*ri/ came 9 ! 'fulness ( ! "t4' ,x %\ld be able to enhance1 & n 7z m5 fe>7 to impair1 ! evid5ce ( a ,div9e pres5ce & influ5ce1 prep>+ = t :i* 0 to come1 m\ld+ ! pla/ic mat]ial ( hi/ory = a 'f>-(f ,div9e ev5t4' ,x may seem z if ?is 0 n s4 ,x may seem1 = example1 z if ! sev]ity & activity ( hi/orical & l+ui/ic criticism _h dimm$ ! cle>ness ( ^? correspond5ces betwe5 prophetic utt]ances spok5 c5turies be=e ,*ri/ & ! po9ts 9 ,him or ,8 "w :]eby !y 7 fulfill$1 :i* 7 once s cle>4 ,x may seem1 x is evid5tly true1 t /rict] canons ( int]pretation =bid = u t unb\nd$ use ( ! happy exp$i5t ( allegory :i* c\ld make ev]y?+ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t speak ( ,*ri/4 ,b ev5 if ?is 7 s 7& ) reg>d to prophecies we only p>tially grant x71 is !re no c\nt]vail+ ga9 to reckon8 ,! h& ( ,god may be se5 9 :at is m>vell\s1 />tl+1 exceptional1 unexpla9$4 ,c x n be se5 z di/9ctly & z p]suasively 9 :at is ord]ly1 /eadfa/1 intelligible1 & :]e our reason1 made 9 ,god's lik5ess1 c foll[ along 9 "s degree ) ! h[ & ! :y ( ,8 work+8 ,x 0 ,*ri/'s w to give special signs1 yet ! curiosity :i* 's\ght aft] a sign' 0 n hon\r$ by ,*ri/ l t wisdom :i* 'disc]n$ ! signs ( ! times1' & s c\ld see ! =ce ( ! special signs t 7 giv5 because x saw !m 9 _! true moral & spiritual context#afj4 ,h we any reason to hope t our "t may be suff]$ to d 7& ev5 be do+7 some?+ = ! int]pretation ( ! witness ( hi/ory to ,*ri/ :i* has n be5 done be=e1 & :i* is ev5 an advance ^u :at has be5 done8 ,let u consid] = a mom5t 79 ord] to answ] ?is "q7 :at x is :i* specially engrosses ! int]e/ & admiration ( all ( u 9 ! diff]5t bran*es ( mod]n /udy & enquiry4 ,x is ! beauty ( process4 ,! practical m5 among u wat* process 9 its me*anical =ms z contriv$ by inv5tion4 ,! naturali/s & ! m5 ( sci5ce h to an extraord9>y ext5t develop$ our p]ception ( x 9 nature3 !y %ew u its range1 & its incr$ible delicacy1 flexibility1 & intricacy2 !y %ew u its enorm\s pati5ce 9 ! unceas+ yet age-long movem5ts :i* by microscopic or less ?an microscopic *anges accumulate ! coal1 or less5 ! m\nta92 !y %ew u ! wond]ful p[] ( adaptation by :i* x accommodates itself to surr\nd+s1 & appropriates & trans=ms !m to its ne$4 ,! embryologi/ developes its wond]s z x makes '! bones to gr[ 9 ! womb ( h] t is ) *ild4' ,& ! hi/orians 9 _! sph]e d ! l3 x is = !m1 if n ! beg9n+ & end ( _! "w1 at lea/ ! mo/ p[]ful ( _! me?ods1 to %ew ! processes by :i* in/itutions1 cu/oms1 op9ions1 rise & decl9e2 to arrange ! facts s z to display on _! *>t ! /eps ( gr[?1 ! /ages ( decay2 to %ew influ5ces bl5d+ to =m ev5ts1 & p>t+ aga9 to de/roy or re-%ape !m4 ,!re is beauty 9 all ?is1 m ?an we c1 p]haps1 altoge!r analyse or expla94 ,z liv+ be+s we sympa?ise ) ! life & movem5t ( x all 7or1 z 9 ! case ( intricate ma*9]y1 ) ! imitation ( life7 comp>$ ) :at /&s />k1 solid1 un*ang+2 z intellig5t be+s we revel & delight 9 its intricacy1 &1 fur!r1 we are gratifi$ by ! way 9 :i* x subdues ) explanation :at w\ld be anomal\s1 abrupt1 motiveless1 9 ! way ( *ange or ev5t4 ,x gives u some?+ l ! pleasure :i* we take 9 ! beauty ( ! exquisite subtle curves & %ad$ surfaces ( a ,raphael figure comp>$ ) ! r\gh outl9e ( a ,dr] woodcut4 ,b we c\ld n long re/ 9 ! admiration ( m]e process1 :e!r delicate or colossal4 ,!re is a rational elem5t pres5t 91 or controll+1 our s5se ( beauty1 :i* asks :5ce & :i!r1 :i* dem&s unity 9 detail2 & ?is f9ds altoge!r new & delightful gratification :5 x c see a relation1 a mean+1 a gr\p+1 a symmetry1 ( :i* processes are ! m9i/]s & in/rum5ts4 ,x is1 !n1 ?is idea ( beauty 9 process t we br+ ) u z we approa* to behold ! facts & me?od ( ,god's ,r$emptive ,"w4 ,x is altoge!r too /rong 9 u to be left beh9d z we cross ! ?re%old ( ?is region2 x is too mu* connect$ ) all our ?9k+ & exp]i5ce4 ,x is v possible t !re may be exagg]ation ab\t x 9 u3 & x is indisp5sable = u to recognise ?is1 'le dfaut de notre qualit4' ,b all ! same we _c dis[n1 ?\gh we mu/ control1 :at is s specially our own4 ,& if our love ( process is prep>$ to be critical1 x is also prep>$ to be gratifi$3 & !re is op5$ a prospect ( fre% witness to ! tru? ( ! un*ang+ ,gospel1 if x %\ld be f\nd t its introduction into ?is _w is u%]$ 9 by all ! beauty ( process1 ) all ! gr&eur ( sl[ unha/+ prep>ation1 ! surprises ( gradual trans=mation1 ! delicacies ( comb9ation1 :i* process all[s4 ,su* a sight is mu* m ?an wond]ful1 & has 9 x1 if our ideas ( :at is ,div9e are n v n>r[1 mu* m evid5ce ( ,god's h& ?an any m]e wond] c h4 ,b x is z wond]ful z any?+ c be4 ,& if we /ill plead t our s5se ( wond] /ipulates = exceptionalness1 x has its own way ( satisfy+ ?is--! way ( uniqu5ess4 ,= ^? features :i* we admire 9 process are capable1 if comb9$ ) a c]ta9 degree ( gr&eur1 complet5ess1 & p>ticul>ity1 ( convey+ to u ! impression ( a unique ?+4 ,we may dismiss z a dialectical ref9em5t ! objection :i* has be5 made t1 z is d\btless true1 'ev]y?+ is unique4' ,none ! less1 !re is a mean+ 9 our ord9>y language :5 x applies ! epi!t 'unique' to c]ta9 p]sons1 classes1 or ?+s4 ,a man ( sci5ce may prop]ly speak ( a c]ta9 uniqu5ess 9 ! way 9 :i* natural conditions are comb9$ s z to make life possible3 a hi/orian w c]ta9ly miss tru? if he does n recognise a special uniqu5ess 9 c]ta9 hi/orical epo*-mak+ mom5ts4 ,9 proportion z we believe 9 ,m9d ord]+ ! ?+s ( nature & hi/ory1 su* uniqu5ess w h speak+ significance4 ,& z uniqu5ess has its degrees1 & rises accord+ to ! scale1 quantity1 "* & complet5ess1 ( t :i* goes to make x up1 s its significance w rise proportionately1 until at la/1 arriv+ at uniqu5ess1 :i* seems to u absolute1 we ga9 evid5ce t !re is be=e u a ,supreme ,?+1 a true c5tre to ! _w4 ,! evid5ce is n inde$ demon/rative1 b x is 9 a high degree corroborative1 & x is ! highe/ :i* hi/ory c (f]4 ,x is ?is evid5ce ( uniqu5ess :i*1 z x seems to me1 we ( ! pres5t day may ) special fitness seek1 & %all ) special welcome f9d3 7#a7 9 ! %ap+ ( _w-hi/ory t[>ds ! ,*ri/ian era1 7#b7 9 ! special prep>ation ( ! ,jewi% nation4 ,)9 ! compass ( a pap] l ! pres5t1 x is impossible to d m ?an indicate ! l9es :i*1 ev5 )\t any high degree ( special education1 a ,*ri/ian's ?\ght may travel 9 trac+ ! ,div9e "w ( prep>ation & witness4 ,i4 ,9 ! fir/ "p ( our enquiry ! di/9ction betwe5 an outw>d & an inw>d work+ sugge/s itself z conv5i5t1 ?\gh necess>ily imp]fect3 ! "o consi/+ 9 a m\ld+ ( ! mat]ial facts ( hi/ory1 su* z ! geographical di/ribution ( peoples1 & ! political & social ord]2 ! o!r 9 a l use ( ! *anges 9 ?\ght1 feel+1 & ! l4 7#a7 ,x c nev] be altoge!r too hackney$ to dwell on ! /range value to ! _w's hi/ory ( ! two p59sulas :i* we "k z ,greece & ,italy1 ?ru/ out into t ,m$it]ranean ,sea1 :i* 0 itself s rem>kable z a c5tre & 'm$ium' ( ! we/]n _w1 b9d+ its _m nations toge!r4 ,!y %>e ) o!r l&s ( ! temp]ate zone all its possibilities ( h>dy & vigor\s life3 b1 besides ?is1 _! sky & sea1 _! conv5i5ces & difficulties1 _h a special /imulus to give to _! e>ly inhabitants4 ,!y 7 extraord9>ily well suit$ to be ! se$-plots ( civilization4 ,& ^! se$-plots 7 aptly f]tiliz$1 fir/ by ! ,pho5icians1 ^? c>ri]-birds ( antiquity dropp+ se$ along ! ,m$it]ranean coa/s3 & !n by ! happy contact betwe5 ,greece & ! o!r ,greece opposite1 to :i* ! isl& bridges ( ! ,aegean l9k$ x1 :]e1 on ! n>r[ /rip ( coa/ pla9 & ri* riv] valley betwe5 ! sea & ! high plateaus ( ,asia ,m9or1 ! ,ionians enjoy$1 z ,h]odotus says#afa1 ! faire/ climate 9 ! _w4 ,^u ?is deb\*$1 ) ! riv]s f ! int]ior1 ! highways along :i* travell$ we/w>d ! civilization or ! p[] ( ! dimly kn[n b highly important e>ly ,phrygian mon>*y1 or f yet f>!r ea/1 ( ! mighty ,assyria4 ,! rec5t discov]ies ( ,pr(4 ,ramsay & o!rs re-int]pret & emphasize to u ?is e>ly connection betwe5 ! ,asian l&s & ,greece 9 ,europe1 ( :i* ! ,lion ,gate ( ,myc5ae is a monum5t4 ,:at ,greece ?us took ) h] left h& %e c\ld pass across ) h] "r to yet ano!r ,greece1 ',great ,greece1' 9 ,sicily & ,s\!rn ,italy4 ,b we may easily fail to recognise h[ mu* all ?is delicate & t5d] gr[? dep5d$ on fav\rable circum/ance1 & we _c too c>efully m>k h[ space 0 made a:ile = x to spr+4 ,! 'hills /ood ab\t' bo? p59sulas on ! ,nor? to %elt] !m f intrusion3 b ?is b>ri]1 suffici5t = ord9>y times1 w\ld h>dly h resi/$ ! heavy ?ru/ ( ! lat] pressure ( population f ! ,ea/ & ,nor?-,ea/1 :i*1 :5 x did beg91 s ne>ly cru%$ ,rome1 & :i*1 if x _h come e>li]1 might h easily /ifl$ ,greek & ,roman civilization 9 ! cradle4 ,! read] ( ! ,p]sian ,w>s w wat* almo/ ) awe )9 h[ little ,greece came ( :at appe>$ alike to ,asiatic & ,greek a c]ta9 subjection to ! ,p]sian4 ,a diff]5ce ( tw5ty ye>s e>li]1 ! *ance ( a diff]5t temp] 9 ! little ,a!nian p1 ! use by ,d>ius ( ! me?ods ( ,x]xes1 w\ld1 humanly speak+1 h decid$ ! o!r way ! fate ( we/]n civilization4 ,x is easi] aga9 to admire ?an to expla9 ! happy =tune :i* br\ght ! m\nta9 k+dom ( ,mac$on to its mom5t ( aggression j too late to hurt ! fl[]+ & fruitage ( ,greece1 j 9 "t to c>ry its se$ broadca/ ov] ,ea/]n1 ,syrian1 & ,egyptian l&s4 ,f all ! sequ5ce ( ! ,graeco-,roman hi/ory :i* foll[s1 & 9 :i* no?+ is m important to all ! purposes ( ,provid5ce ?an ! simple fact ( ! ord] ( ^! two1 ,greek fir/1 ,roman second1 we c "h select only "o feature ( capital importance1 viz4 ! trans=mation ( a _w int5sely localiz$ & sub-divid$ into "o z s+ul>ly unit$ & homog5e\s4 ,foll[ ,s4 ,paul & see 8 circuits1 wat* him claim+ ! safegu>d ( ! same ,roman citiz5%ip 9 ! ,mac$onian t[n & 9 ! capital ( ,pale/9e1 lay+ hold at ,caes>ea on ! horns ( a c5tral tribunal ( ju/ice at ,rome1 borne ?i!r by ! sails ( ! c>ry+ trade 9 ! '%ip ( ,alex&ria1' m$itat+ a j\rney into ,spa91 numb]+ among 8 ,roman conv]ts1 z seems probable1 "o :o _h a direct connection ) ,roman ,brita91 writ+ 9 ! same ,greek to ,rome & to ! highl&]s ( ,galatia1 nev] cross$ 9 8 j\rneys by any track ( w>1 nev] /opp$ by any *all5ge ( fronti] or cu/om-h\se3 ^! are s _m object-lessons to %ew :at ! ',pax ,romana' & ! ,roman unity ( p[] & organization import$ = ! gr[? ( a _w-religion4 ,?is 0 ! "t :5 x c\ld be compla9$ t x 0 impossible to flee f ! ,caes>'s wra? because ! ,caes> own$ ! _w4 ,& to make ! impression m di/9ct1 let ! eye travel backw>d a little1 or =w>d a little3 backw>d into ! second or ev5 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c41 :5 ?is same ,m$it]ranean _w 0 /ill 9 great] "p an unconsolidat$ *aos ( political dbris2 :5 ! tumult ( ! ,mac$onian & ,syrian w>s ( ,rome & !n ( h] desolat+ civil /rife fill$ ! _w ) noise & occupi$ its ?\ght & de/roy$ its peace2 :5 ! sea 0 impassable because ( pirates1 & :5 ! ,we/ 0 /ill 9 great "p unsubdu$ & =midable b>b>ism3 or =w>d1 across ! space dur+ :i* ! ,gospel _h spread its influ5ce & /ruck its roots & won its p[]1 to ! "t s soon foll[+1 :5 ! l&s t _h kn[n no w> 7 aga9 trav]s$ by ! armies ( rival emp]ors1 & ! b>b>ians began to dismemb] ! ,we/1 & ! gloom ( a great fe> preoccupi$ m5's he>ts4 ,to say no?+ ( ! middle ages1 :at unity ( ! ,m$it]ranean _w & ! l&s affiliat$ to x has ! :ole ( lat] hi/ory got to %ew1 t c comp>e = a mom5t ) ! unity ( ! e>ly ,empire1 focuss$ 9 its cosmopolitan capital ,rome8 ,& 9 ?is !re is mu* m ?an a me*anical provision = ! progress ( a _w-religion4 ,x is n m]ely t its h]alds f9d a complete facility ( communication1 peaceful conditions1 & a 'l+ua franca' ready = _! use4 ,we mu/ realize h[ ! unity _h be5 obta9$4 ,x _h be5 by pulv]iz+ sep>ate nationalities1 sep>ate patriotisms1 sep>ate religions2 by de/roy+ or leav+ only 9 a municipal =m ! c5tres r\nd :i* human en]gy & loyalty _h be5 wont to ga!r4 ,?us ! _w _h be5 turn$ into t 'cold & icy pla9' ( :i* ,m4 ,r5an speaks4 ,& x is n too mu* to say t ?is process _h de/roy$ j s _m b>ri]s to ! entrance ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,we h only to realize :at _h be5 previ\sly ! univ]sal "* ( ! wor%ips ( ! we/]n _w1 viz4 t !y _h be5 local1 ! common & exclusive possession ( ! citiz5s ( "o place or /ate1 & inextricably b\nd up ) ! be+ & welf>e ( t p>ticul> community4 ,su* religions1 & p br$ "u !m1 w\ld h met ,*ri/ianity1 n s mu* ) criticism ( its doctr9es1 or ) rival doctr9es ( _! own1 z ) ideas & a frame ( m9d s ali5 to a spiritual & univ]sal religion l ! ,gospel t x w\ld h f\nd no foo?old 9 attack+ !m4 ,conceive ! =ce ) :i* :at ev5 9 ! second c5tury aft] ,*ri/ ! hea!n objector urg$1 'x is n cr$itable to alt] ! cu/oms h&$ d[n to u f our fa!rs#afb1' w\ld h come f ! ,roman ( ! e>li] ,republic1 or ! ,greek ( ! times ( fre$om4 ,nay1 we may )\t ra%ness haz>d ! conjecture t _h x be5 possible = ! ,gospel to ov]come ^! conditions x w\ld h done s prematurely & ) loss3 t !y 7 9 _! "t & place m9i/]s ( good3 t !y 7 b\nd up ) t vigor\s en]gy ( developm5t )9 "o small limit$ horizon1 by :i*1 z we %all see1 ! prep>ation ( ! hea!n _w 0 c>ri$ out4 ,x 0 ! negative aid ( ! ,empire to ,*ri/ianity t x de/roy$ ^!4 ,b x l5t m positive help4 ,x creat$ a dem&1 or at lea/ a ne$1 = a univ]sal religion4 ,( ?is !re are sev]al pro(s4 ,! religi\s ph5om5a ( ! "t o!r ?an ,*ri/ianity supply ! fir/4 ,!re is an attempt1 or m ?an "o attempt1 to provide su* a religion4 ,!re is ! attempt by way ( compreh5sion1 ( mak+ all ! gods live toge!r z jo9t inhabitants ( a common ,pan!on4 ,!re is ! attempt by way ( con/ruction1 9 ! wor%ip ( ! "o ,p[] ab\t :i* !re 0 no d\bt1 ! ,goddess ,rome1 & ( ! ,emp]or h] deifi$ repres5tative4 ,!re is also1 we may p]haps add1 ! attempt by way ( philosophic ?\ght4 ,= philosophy at ?is "t _h a religi\s b5t :i* increas$ n improbably z ! circulation ( ,*ri/ian ?\ght /ole unkn[n ?r\gh ! ve9s ( society3 & x felt aft] ! ,"o ,be+ ^: ,p]sonal exi/5ce & ,fa!rhood x wav]+ly disc]n$1 b :om yet x c\ld n /eadily di/+ui% f a p]sonifi$ ord] ( nature4 ,su* a religi\s idea1 ne$$ to complete ,cic]o's commonweal? ( ! ,univ]se compreh5d+ ,gods & m51 may be se5 ) increas+ cle>ness 9 ,s5eca1 ,epictetus1 & ,aurelius4 ,! ne$ ( a univ]sal religion is ?us directly %ewn4 ,b o!r pro(s1 z cle> ?\gh less direct1 are to be drawn f ! o!r dep>tm5ts ( human ?\ght4 ,= lit]ature 0 already a unity1 into :i* :atev] ! g5ius ( prov9cials l ,lucan1 or ,s5eca1 or ,pl9y contribut$ 0 ga!r$ up4 ,& x is a commonplace t ! greate/ con/ructive result ( ! imp]ial p]iod 0 ! creation or developm5t ( a univ]sal code ( law4 7#b7 ,9 :at has be5 la/ said we h almo/ cross$ ! imag9>y l9e by :i* we 7 to divide ! prep>ation 9 ext]nal fact f t :i* 0 m inw>d 9 ?\ght & feel+4 ,to deal ) ?is latt] may seem almo/ ridicul\s3 s9ce to d s mu/ involve ! presumption ( summ>iz+ 9 a few l9es ! drift ( ! lit]ature & ?\ght ( antiquity4 ,yet1 9 ! briefe/ words1 x may be possible to sugge/ a few true outl9es ( ! %ape :i* an acc\nt ( t drift %\ld take4 ,x w\ld c]ta9ly repres5t ! m5tal hi/ory ( ! classical _w 9 its relation to ! ,gospel z supply+ a d\ble prep>ation1 positive & negative3 a positive prep>ation by evolv+ ideas :i* ! ,gospel c\ld "w into its own fabric1 or a frame ( m9d :i* w\ld make = x a suitable 'nidus' & a receptive soil3 a negative prep>ation by ! breakd[n ( human nature's own con/ructive & speculative ef=ts1 & by ! room ?us left = a revelation :i* w\ld unite ! brok5 & useless fragm5ts ( ?\ght & m9i/] to unsatisfi$ ne$s4 ,& ( ^! ! negative seems ! m pr$om9ant & ! m direct4 ,9 s say+ we are guid$ by :at appe>s to be ! tea*+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x seems z ?\gh ! ma9 up%ot ( t "t 01 & 0 meant to be1 ! failure ( ! _w 'by wisdom#afc' to f9d ! tru?3 ?\gh :5 ?is has be5 recognis$ & ackn[l$g$1 !n ! _w might f9d1 z we may f9d1 t all ! :ile 9 ?is unatta9+ & abortive ?\ght ,god _h put impulses f ,8 own wisdom1 & prep>$ mat]ials = ,8 own com+ "w4 ,x is ! typical hi/ory ( ! 'natural man'3 & ?\gh :at is prim>y & indisp5sable is t ! natural man %\ld le>n ! pov]ty & mis]y ( 8 own /ate1 & be ready to die to 8 life1 yet ! natural man too is ! true ?\gh p]v]t$ "w ( ,god1 & 9 8 ?\ghts & in/9cts1 8 emotions & speculations1 mu/ be f\nd a witness to :i* ! revelation w appeal1 & a response :i* x w elicit4 ,x is impossible n to foll[ ! track s sugge/$1 & to see 9 ! e>ly /ages ( ,greek life1 ! lu/y y\?-"t ( ! natural man4 ,ca/+ (f ! bright & tru?ful simplicity1 & ! happy /ory-tell+ ( its *ildhood1 x beg9s 7we speak ( ! times betwe5 #fjj & #dej ,b4,c47 to try its "y en]gies ^u ! problems ( ! _w3 x sugge/s its explanations1 quick1 +5i\s1 "o-sid$1 *ang+1 ( h[ ! _w came to be3 'x came f wat]1' 'f air1' 'f fire3' 'x came f ! dance ( atoms3' 'nay1 b ^! give u only ! h[1 x came f some?+ m ?an ^!1 x came f m9d3' 'are y sure :at x is8 fix ^u any "p ( x & y w f9d x slip ?r\gh y\r f+]s1 = all is *ange1 & *ange is all we "k2' ^! are ! quick premires bau*es ( its "y speculation4 ,b already !re is a s\nd ( al>m 9 ! air4 ,t *all5ge ask+ :e!r !re 0 an 'x' at all2 & if s1 :e!r by p>ity ( cavil !re 0 any solidity 9 ! o!r assumptions ( ?\ght1 9 'good' & 'evil1' 'tru?' & 'falsehood1' 'beauty' & 'ugl9ess2' or at lea/ any?+ beyond su* m]e relative & conv5i5t mean+ z !re is 9 'big' or 'little1' '?ick' or '?91' 'wet' or 'dry'--?is sob]s m54 ,?\ght feels its own dang]s4 ,x mu/ try its h& m s]i\sly at "s true con/ructive "w3 & s !re foll[s t great p]iod 9 :i*1 /eadi$ by ! /rong grip & %>p discipl9e ( ! great prophet ( natural consci5ce & natural in/9ct1 ,socrates1 x addresses itself to its great task ( wr++ h] secret f ! _w4 ,x is done & necess>ily done 9 ! %e] self-reliance ( ! unaid$ m9d1 yet ( ! m9d 9 ! fulle/ s5se ( ! ^w2 n ! m]e critical und]/&+1 b ! :ole spiritual & rational en]gy ( ! man1 n dis[n+ its dep5d5ce on a discipl9e ( "* & a sev]e & pa9ful tra9+ ( its own p[]s4 ,! results1 s spl5did & yet s inadequate1 s ri* 9 great intuitions & sugge/ions1 s pati5t & successful 9 mu* ( its detail1 is pres]v$ to u 9 ! "w ( ,plato & ,ari/otle4 ,*ri/ian ?\ght c nev] be int]e/$ 9 disp>ag+ t "w3 ,*ri/ian ?9k]s at diff]5t times h done special hon\r to diff]5t aspects ( x3 & ! position ( ,ari/otle 9 ! works ( ,dante1 & ( ,aqu9as1 & 9 ! frescoes ( ! ,spani% *apel1 is ! sign ( ! ungrudg$ admiration giv5 by :at 9 our mod]n way we might reg>d z among ! lea/ appreciative & discrim9at+ ( ,*ri/ian times4 ,b ! mo/ ungrudg+ admiration _c prev5t our see+1 & hi/ory compels u to see1 :at x lack$4 ,x lack$ a f\ndation ^u a ,rock4 ,x _h ! c]ta9ty1 if c]ta9ty at all1 :i* belongs to pr(\nd intuitions & to a wide int]pretation ( exp]i5ce1 n t :i* makes a def9ite1 settl$1 & above all communicable conviction4 ,all ! :ile n>r[]1 petti]1 m capti\s1 or m ord9>y m9ds _h be5 ask+ ':at is tru?' 9 a v diff]5t _s2 _h display$ ! indep5d5ce & capti\sness ( y\?1 & n its hopeful & tru/ful creativ5ess4 ,& m & m ?is l[] elem5t began to prevail4 ,:5 x became a "q n ( project+ sy/ems :i* %\ld impress & absorb ! high] m9ds ( a few g5]ations1 b ( provid+ t :i* %\ld pass on ) m51 ! common run ( m51 into ! advanc+ ye>s1 & /& ! /ra9 ( ! _w's middle life2 !n x 0 f\nd t ! human m9d unaid$ 0 m p[]ful to de/roy ?an to build or to ma9ta94 ,! d>k horse ( ,plato's *>iot pull$ d[n 8 fell[3 9 ! unaid$ human und]/&+ ! critical faculty prov$ /rong] ?an ! con/ructive3 )\t ! po9t ( atta*m5t 9 a c5tral tru? to :i* m5's high ?\ghts c\ld rea* & cl+1 or 7to *ange ! figure7 )\t a cle>ly-disclos$ goal ( tru? t[>ds :i* !y c\ld be se5 to t5d & conv]ge1 !y c\ld n ma9ta9 or ju/ify !mselves3 '! c>nal m9d' 0 aga9/ !m & unwor?y ( !m3 z reg>ds any real adoption ( !m by mank9d = fruitful & tru/wor?y convictions1 !y pass$ away1 accord+ to t law ( :i* ! mod]n poet speaks3-- ,et]nal hopes are man's ,:i* :5 !y %\ld ma9ta9 !mselves al(t ,want due consi/5ce3 l a pill> ( smoke ,t ) maje/ic en]gy f e>? ,rises b1 hav+ rea*$ ! ?9n] air1 ,melts & dissolves1 & is no long] se5#afd4 ,we %all n be wrong 9 say+ t ! c\rse ( philosophy aft] ,ari/otle display$ increas+ly ! collapse ( ! exp]im5t ( speculative self-reliance4 ,scepticism 0 n conf9$ to ! ',sceptics1' nor ev5 %>$ only by ! ,epicureans3 x deeply und]lay ! philosophy ( ! ,/oics4 ,b z ) advanc+ life m5 baffl$ 9 _! e>ly sangu95ess fall back 7bo? = good & evil7 & cont5t !mselves ) ! en]gies ( practical life1 s ! m9d ( t day baffl$ & despair+ ( ! speculative problem did n ab&on1 b transf]r$1 its self-reliance2 m5 ?rew !mselves ) a sort ( defiance into ! organization ( conduct2 'imp]turbabl5ess' & 'self-suffici5cy' became wat*words ( _! ?\ght#afe4 ,?is is ! "* ( ,/oicism3 ?is expla9s its vogue & wide indirect influ5ce2 its curi\s lik5ess to its app>5tly q ali5 contempor>y1 ,epicureanism1 9 a common cultivation ( self-suffic+ness2 &1 f9ally1 its ready alliance ) ! natural t5d5cies ( ,roman "* :5 x pass$ f ,greece to ,rome4 ,"h aga9 0 a great exp]im5t1 :i* _h no mean success4 ,we admire almo/ ) awe its unsp>+ ?or\ghness1 its au/]ity1 its unworldl9ess1 its c\rage1 its endurance4 ,9 its lat] =ms1 :5 "s p[] has t\*$ x ) g5tl5ess1 we yield x ev5 a w>m] & t5d]] admiration4 ,only :at we _c d is to disguise its failure z a great spiritual exp]im5t4 ,we _c =get h[ x left ! mass ( m5 unt\*$1 h[ x conc5trat$ /r5g? by :at x neglect$ ( human sympa?y & ef=t1 h[ x reveal$ a disease & palsy ( human nature :i* x c\ld n cure3 h[ at its he>t x _h no c]ta9ty ( conviction to give peace & to resi/ ! =ces ( decay4 ,humanity w nev]1 p]haps1 w9d itself high]4 ,b x 0 a height on :i* human /r5g? is insuffici5t to /&4 ,!re lack$ a sure ^w ( tru?3 ! joy & fruitfulness ( an inspiration3 a grace :i* c\ld m9i/] to ! weakness1 z well z summon ! =ces1 ( human nature4 ,we _c be bl9d to its failure unless we %>e x3 unless1 t is1 we are try+ to satisfy ourselves by "s philosophy ( life :i* misses its secrets1 has no key to _m ( its problems1 & at he>t despairs ( its solution4 ,! exp]im5t ( moral self-reliance1 !n1 fail$ 9 its turn4 ,b we spoke ( a positive z well z a negative up%ot to all ?is ,g5tile hi/ory3 a positive contribution to ! prep>ation = ,*ri/4 ,:]e %all we look = ?is8 ,surely alongside (1 & 9 ! same plane )1 ! failures4 ,if "o *ief result ( ! hi/ory ( ! anci5t _w 0 to exhibit ! insuffici5cy ( man's ef=ts to f9d tru? & righte\sness & life1 ?is mu/ be completely %ewn 9 proportion z ! ef=ts 7 noble1 & !re=e 9 proportion z !y realiz$ 7?\gh1 at ! mom5t1 only = disappo9tm5t7 ! capacities1 ! possibilities1 ! true desires & ideals ( man4 ,if man ! race1 l man ! individual1 0 f9ally to f9d salvation by dy+ to himself1 to 8 own natural man1 he c\ld only d ?is :5 x _h be5 adequately & magnific5tly prov$ bo? t he c\ld n save himself1 & h[ spl5didly wor? sav+ he 04 ,he mu/ d 8 be/1 t he may despair ( 8 be/4 ,d we n feel t ?is is j :at 0 work$ out by ! hi/ories ( ,greece & ,rome8 ,!y are spl5did exp]im5ts ( human p[]4 ,div]se 9 _! me?od1 !y comb9e 9 ?is result4 ,9 ,greece ! exp]im5t is by way ( spontaneity1 ( free lively developm5t1 condition$ only by its own in/9cts ( ta/e & beauty4 ,& ,rome repres5ts ! alt]native plan ( seek+ /r5g? by discipl9e1 by subord9ation1 by di/ru/ ( novelty1 by sacrifice ( individuality to ! corporate life1 & ( s5tim5t & op9ion to ! rule ( law4 ,bo? realize dea?less types ( matur$ human life1 ( its beauty1 its brilliant graces1 its dignity1 its hon\r1 its /r5g?4 ,p]haps1 accord+ to ! "o-sid$ness :i* limits s sev]ely ! works & lives ( m51 x might h be5 impossible t ^! possibilities ( 8 nature %\ld h be5 fir/ realiz$ ) ! same solidity & fulness 9 pres5ce ( ^? mighty tru?s1 speak+ ( :at 0 above man1 :i* brood$ ov] ! hi/ory ( ! ,jews & came =? into ! _w ) ! ,gospel4 ,yet !y are indisp5sable to ! fulness ( ! ,*ri/ian "w3 !y are ! human mat]ial3 & t mat]ial mu/ be fir/-rate 9 its k9d4 ,we owe x p]haps p]man5tly to ,greece & ,rome t we recognise fully ! grace ( ,god's orig9al workman%ip 9 man1 ! validity ( 8 in/9cts1 8 individual value1 ! sacr$ness & /r5g? ( all 8 natural social bonds1 ! wisdom & p[] possess$ by 8 incorporat$ life4 ,^! are ?+s :i* we c\ld nev] h realiz$ if all ! _w _h be5 br\ght up 9 ! b>b>\s societies ( anci5t ,europe or "u ! great despotisms ( ,egypt & ,asia4 ,! religions ( ,asia may p]haps %ew u by contra/ ! imm5se importance to a religion ( be+ able to build ) s\nd & adequate mat]ials on ! human side4 ,t ,greece & ,rome did contribute specially 9 ?is way to ! "w ( ! true religion may be %ewn by ! way 9 :i* m5 h aga9 & aga9 turn$ back to ^! orig9al s\rces = fre% impulses ( lib]ty or vig\r4 ,b ^! ?+s _h _! day & pass$4 ,! age ( ,p]icles & ( ,demo/h5es1 ! great days ( ! ,roman ,republic1 are only epo*s 9 ! hi/ory1 long pa/ at ! era ( our ,"l4 ,we look to see :e!r !re is any positive prep>ation = ,him & ,8 ,gospel 9 ! :ole drift ( t hi/ory1 & especially 9 t5d5cies :i* took a develop$ =m clos] to ! era ( ,*ri/ianity#aff4 ,g5]al & popul> impressions ab\t ! "* & c\rse ( ! hi/ory w put u on ! track ( a true answ]4 ,x is impossible to look at ! hi/ory ( ! classical _w )\t gett+ a d\ble impression1 t x is a hi/ory ( failure & deg5]acy1 & yet t x is a hi/ory ( bett]+ & progress4 ,if we take ! _w at ! ,*ri/ian era1 ! times ( political brilliancy & en]gy are ov]1 & m5 are s9k+ into a uni=mity ( s]vility & /agnation3 morally ! anci5t sev]ity is lo/1 & ! laws ( ,augu/us are feebly cop+ ) ! results ( a g5]al dissolut5ess z to morality & m>riage3 economically society is disfigur$ by a va/ slave sy/em1 by ! disappe>ance ( hone/ & ?riv+ free lab\r1 & by great developm5ts ( luxury & paup]ism3 9 lit]ature1 ?\gh x is ! 'gold5 age1' ! signs are n want+1 9 artificiality & ! excessive /udy ( =m1 ( imm95t rapid decl9e into ! lat] rhetorical culture3 9 philosophy speculation _h run itself out into scepticism & self-de/ruction3 & 9 religion a disbelief 9 ! anci5t gods & a d\bt ( all ,div9e provid5ce is matt] ( op5 pr(ession4 ,& yet !re is a bett]+4 ,! laws ( ! ,empire become a model ( humanity1 equitabl5ess1 & simplicity4 ,s5eca & ,epictetus rise to ?\ghts ( moral purity & sublimity & delicacy :i* at times seem h>dly unwor?y ( ! ,new ,te/am5t3 & _! humane & compreh5sive ideas h ca/ (f ! limitations :i* ! n>r[ life ( ,greek cities set to ^? ( _! great] pr$ecessors4 ,"h !n is a great cle>+ ( ! /age1 & a great pr$ispos+ ( ?\ght & s5tim5t1 = a religion :i* proclaim$ a good tid+s = all m5 )\t di/9ction ( ',jew or ,greek1 ,b>b>ian & ,scy?ian1 bond or free'2 = a religion ( compassion2 = a religion :olly spiritual & unpolitical4 ,!re are traces di/9ct & widespread ( special t5d5cies to su* a religion1 & !y are connect$ ) ! be/ side ( ! life ( ! "t4 ,! enorm\s diffusion ( ! 'collegia' or clubs1 9 :i* ! memb]s 7 drawn toge!r )\t di/9ction ( rank1 or ev5 ( free & slave1 9 a p>tly religi\s bond1 %ews ! in/9ct ( ! "t feel+ = a religion ( bro!rhood4 ,!re is a delicacy ( family life z se5 9 ,plut>*1 9 ,pl9y1 9 ,fronto1 :i* %ews read9ess = a religion su* z %\ld reg5]ate ! simple in/9cts & relations ( humanity4 ,9 ! position & function ( ! philosoph]s 7:o sometimes half-rem9d "o ( m5dicant fri>s#afg1 sometimes ( ! confessor or *apla9 9 families ( rank1 9 _! relation to education & to ! vicissitudes ( lat] life7 !re is impli$ a conc5tration ( ?\ght & int]e/ ^u "* & ^u ! discipl9e ( individual life1 a s5sibility to spiritual ne$1 :i* all indicates a gr\nd prep>$ = ,*ri/ian influ5ce4 ,&1 f9ally1 :e!r x be f ! /eal+ 9 ( ,ea/]n influ5ces1 or f a reaction aga9/ ! cold scepticism ( ,cic]onian times1 or f a half-political half-g5u9e s5se ( ! necessity ( religion to society1 or f a sort ( aw$ impression creat$ by ! m>vell\s =tune ( ,rome1 or f ! /eady impact ( ! cle> /rong deep religi\s fai? ( ! ,jews scatt]$ ev]y:]e1 & ev]y:]e1 z we "k1 to an extraord9>y ext5t leav5+ society1 or1 z "t w5t on1 f a subtle influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity n yet accept$ or ev5 consci\sly kn[n1--!re 01 x is notori\s1 a return t[>ds religion 9 ! m9d ( m54 ,! temples 7 aga9 ?rong$3 prie/s became philosoph]s4 ,9 ,neo-,platonism ?\ght aga9 looks upw>d1 & ! la/ phase ( ,greek philosophy 0 9 ! phrase ( ! dry & dispassionate ,zell]#afh 'a philosophy ( ,revelation' :i* s\ght k p>tly 9 ! inn] revelation ( ! ,deity & p>tly 9 religi\s tradition4 ,?is movem5t 0 inde$ a rival ( ,*ri/ianity2 x came to put out "s ( its /r5g? 9 consci\s rivalry1 or x tri$ 9 ,gno/ic h]esies to re>range ,*ri/ianity on its own l9es3 b x 0 ! result & witness ( a disposition ( m5's he>ts :i* made way = ! ,gospel4 ,x 0 n1 !n1 m]ely true t ! failures ( ! hea!n _w left x empty1 hung]+1 di/ru/ful ( itself2 nor m]ely t ! _w ( t p>ticul> epo* gave extraord9>y facilities ( an outw>d k9d = ! diffusion ( a _w-religion3 b also t 9 "s ( its mo/ *>act]i/ic & deepe/ work+s1 9 ?\ghts & dispositions :i* x _h pur*as$ at a great co/ ( anci5t glories & lib]ties & ( all t 0 pr\d & di/9ctive 9 ,greek & ,roman religion1 !re 0 t :i* w\ld make m5 ready = ,*ri/ianity & cause x to be to !m1 z x c\ld n h be5 to _! ance/ors1 intelligible1 possible1 & cong5ial4 ,,ii4 ,dr4 ,we/cott has drawn1 9 a useful phrase1 ! invaluable di/9ction betwe5 a t5d5cy t[>ds1 & a t5d5cy to produce1 ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity#afi4 ,if we h be5 able to trace a real %ap+ ( ! l9es inw>d & outw>d ( ! _w's ord] dispos+ x = a true religion1 ! impression :i* ?is makes on u mu/ be enorm\sly increas$ if 7#a7 we c see t t religion1 :5 x comes1 is mo/ obvi\sly a ?+ :i* comes to ! ,g5tile _w1 & does n gr[ out ( x ei!r by bl5d+ ( t5d5cies1 or by con/ructive individual g5ius3 & if 7#b7 we are able to indicate ano!r & p]fectly di/9ct c\rse ( %ap+ & prep>ation :i* at ! requir$ mom5t yield$ ! mat]ial & equipm5t = ! religion :i* 0 to g out ^u ! _w4 ,t ?is 0 s is 9 a s5se ^u ! face ( hi/ory4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 x has be5 said1 appe>$ at fir/ z a ,jewi% sect4 ',! salvation' ,*ri/ decl>$ 0 '( ! ,jews4' ,he came 7'n to de/roy b7 to fulfil' ! sy/em amid/ :i* ,he arose4 ,su* say+s put u ^u ! track ( a special prep>ation = ! ,gospel4 ,let u foll[ x4 ,& 7z ! phrase is *os5 to imply7 we look "h = some?+ k9dr$ inde$ 9 _m ( its me?ods to t g5]al prep>ation :i* we h hi!rto trac$1 b yet m coh]5t1 positive1 & conc5trat$4 ,= we pass 9 a s5se at ?is po9t 7to use language ( ! day71 f ! prep>ation ( an environm5t suitable to ! ,gospel1 to a prep>ation ( ! organism itself4 ,su* language is obvi\sly op5 to criticisms & misconceptions ( m k9ds ?an "o4 ,b x is suffici5tly def5sible hi/orically & !ologically to ju/ify u 9 ga9+ ! cle>ness :i* x gives4 ,i %all attempt to pres5t ! signs ( ?is prep>ation by consid]+ successively ^! ?ree po9ts4 7#a7 ,! relations betwe5 ,israel & ! _w at ! ,*ri/ian era4 7#b7 ,! fitness ( ,israel to be ! se$-plot ( a _w-religion1 & ( ! _w-religion giv5 by ,*ri/4 7#c7 ,! "* ( ! process by :i* ! ,israel1 s fitt$1 & s plac$1 _h come to be4 7#a7 ,_m a read] ( ,momms5's ,hi/ory ( ,rome w h be5 surpris$ by f9d+ t ! ideal political con/ruction :i* ! writ]'s k & imag9ation h ascrib$ to ,caes> 0 to consi/ ( ?ree elem5ts--! ,roman1 ! ,hell5ic1 & ! ,jewi%#agj4 ,yet /rik+ z ! p>adox is1 x is *iefly 9 ! facts !mselves4 ,:e!r we look at ! e?nological "* ( ! ,jews amid/ a sy/em ^: /r5g? is f ! ,we/2 or at _! hi/orical position1 z a nation 9 "s s5se 9 decad5ce1 ) a hi/ory ( indep5d5ce & glories long lo/2 or at ! m9ut5ess ( _! orig9al seat1 & its insignificance at t "t z 7ord9>ily7 a subord9ate di/rict "u ! ,roman prov9ce ( ,syria1 x is alike surpris+ t x %\ld be possible to speak ( !m z ! ?ird factor ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,yet1 9 ! ma91 ! same surprise is creat$ by any acqua9tance ) ! circum/ances ( ! ,jewi% ,disp]sion1 z x may be le>nt f easily accessible books1 su* z ,ed]%eim's or ,s*r]'s#aga4 ,!re is fir/ ! ubiquity ( ! race3 te/ifi$ alike by ,josephus1 ,/rabo1 & ,philo1 & by ! witness ( inscriptions4 ,!y are ev]y:]e1 & ev]y:]e 9 =ce1 ?r\gh\t ! ,roman _w4 ,outside ! ,roman _w _! great colonies 9 ,babylon & ,mesopotamia are ano!r headqu>t]s ( ! race4 ,!y are an eigh? "p 7"o million7 ( ! population ( ,egypt3 !y yield #aj1jjj at ! lea/ to "o massacre 9 ,antio*4 ,to numb]s & ubiquity !y add privilege 9 ! %ape ( rights & immunities1 begun by ! policy ( ! successors ( ,alex&]1 b vigor\sly tak5 up & pu%$ by ,rome z e>ly z #aci ,b4,c41 greatly develop$ by ,caes> r\nd ^: pyre at ,rome !y wept1 & ma9ta9$ by ! almo/ consi/5t policy ( ! e>li] ,empire3 rights ( equal citiz5%ip 9 ! t[ns :]e !y liv$1 & equal enjoym5t ( ! boons grant$ to citiz5s3 rights ( self-gov]nm5t & int]nal adm9i/ration3 & rights or immunities gu>d+ _! di/9ctive cu/oms1 su* z _! obs]vance ( ! ,sabba? or _! transmission ( tribute to ,j]usalem4 ,! opportunities ?us secur$ f )\t 7 vigor\sly turn$ to acc\nt by _! trad+ in/9ct1 _! t5acity1 _! p[] ( liv+ at a l[ co/1 & above all by _! admirable freemasonry among !mselves1 :i* b\nd ,jews ?r\gh\t ! _w into a society ( self-help1 & mu/ h greatly assi/$ ! ent]prises :i* dep5d on facility ( in=mation1 communication1 & movem5t4 ,s f> we m]ely get an impression ( _! importance4 ,b !re are o!r po9ts :i*1 :ile !y greatly height5 ?is impression1 add to x t ( rem>kable peculi>ity4 ,to ask :at 0 _! influ5ce plunges u into a tumult ( p>adoxes4 ,!y _h1 = example1 ev]y:]e ! d\ble "* ( citiz5s & /rang]s1 speak+ ! language ( ! c\ntries :]e !y dwelt1 'be+ ,antio*5es1' z ,josephus says1 'at ,antio*1 ,ephesians at ,ephesus1' & s =?3 possess+ & us+ ! rights & fran*ises ( citiz5s1 & yet e "o ( !m c\nt+ ! ,holy ,l& 8 c\ntry & ,j]usalem 8 capital3 respect+ ! ,sanh$r9 ( ,j]usalem z ! supreme au?ority ( ! race3 s5d+ up _! tribute annually1 flock+ ?i!r !mselves 9 va/ numb]s to keep ! fea/s1 or aga9 n seldom return+ !re to die4 ,!y possess$ 9 fact ! comb9$ advantages ( ! mo/ ela/ic diffusion1 & ! /ronge/ national conc5tration4 ,su* a position c\ld h>dly make _! relations to _! neighb\rs entirely simple or h>moni\s4 ,x 'involv$ an int]nal contradiction#agb4' ,x c\ld n b be felt t :ile enjoy+ all ! advantages ( citiz5%ip1 _! he>ts 7 really else:]e4 ,f all ! religi\s & social side ( ! common life1 :i* 9 ! anci5t _w 0 f> less sep>able f ! political ?an x is n[1 !y 7 s5sibly ali5s4 ,!y 7 visibly mak+ ! be/ ( two inconsi/5t positions4 ,& accord+ly ! irritation aga9/ !m 9 ! t[ns 7we h a glimpse ( x 9 ,acts xix4 #cd7 & ! ensu+ encroa*m5ts & riots1 =m z *ronic a feature ( ! position1 z does _! protection by ! ,empire4 ,b ! causes ( irritation w5t wid] & deep]4 ,x has be5 said t '! feel+s *]i%$ t[>ds ! ,jews ?r\gh\t ! entire ,graeco-,roman _w 7 n s mu* ^? ( hatr$ z ( pure contempt#agc4' ,_! ext]ior 0 d\btless unlovely3 a ,jewry1 z ,m4 ,r5an rem9ds u1 0 p]haps n m attractive 9 anci5t ?an 9 mod]n times4 ,b :at 0 ev5 m (f5sive1 especially to t cosmopolitan age1 & :at /ruck x z altoge!r ! dom9ant *>act]i/ic ( ! ,jews1 0 _! /ubborn & inhuman p]v]sity4 ,!y w\ld be unlike all ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,tacitus has ev5 =mulat$ ?is = !m z ! pr9ciple guid+ _! :ole action1 r$uc$ to practice 9 details :i* 7 s+ul>ly well fitt$ to exhibit its (f5siv5ess#agd4 ,8 picture %\ld be read by any "o :o wi%es to realize h[ cultivat$ op9ion ?\ght ( !m3 &1 ev5 if evid5ce 7 lack+1 we c see t ?is 0 j ! k9d ( dislike to be %>$ by all classes1 cultivat$ & uncultivat$ alike4 ,yet x is aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( ?is int5se prejudice1 ev] m scornful & irritat$ z x 0 exasp]at$ by ! incid5ts ( daily contact at close qu>t]s1 t we h to pa9t ! ph5om5a1 z /rik+ & z abundantly te/ifi$1 ( ! va/ & p5etrat+ influ5ce ( ! ,jews ov] _! neighb\rs4 ,^! also lie ^u ! surface4 ,9 v v>i\s degrees multitudes 7( :om wom5 d\btless =m$ a consid]able majority7 adopt$ ! cu/oms & br\ght !mselves into connection ) ! religion ( ! ,jews4 ,! boa/s or claims ( ,josephus1 :o ref]s any sceptical contempor>y to '8 own c\ntry or 8 own family1' are confirm$ by ! admissions ( classical writ]s1 by ! indignant s>casms direct$ aga9/ ! conv]ts1 & by ! vivid t\*es 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les#age4 ',victi victoribus leges d$]unt' is ! /rong phrase ( ,s5eca1 & x 0 a v p]suasive influ5ce :i* c\ld cause x to be said t 9 ,damascus 'ne>ly ! :ole female population 0 devot$ to ,judaism'3 :i* c\ld give ,s4 ,paul's ,jewi% oppon5ts 9 ! t[ns ( ,greece & ,asia ,m9or ! p[] at "o "t ( rais+ ! mob1 at ano!r ( work+ ^u ! '*ief' & 'hon\rable wom51' ! ladies ( ! upp] classes3 or :i* c\ld br+ 'almo/ ! :ole city' toge!r 9 a prov9cial t[n because a new tea*] appe>s 9 ! ,jews' synagogue#agf4 ,?is influ5ce _h its results 9 a consid]able numb] ( actual proselytes :o ?r\gh circumcision receiv$ admission1 some:at grudg+ inde$ & gu>d$1 )9 ! ,jewi% pale1 b /ill m 9 a mu* l>g] numb] ( adh]5ts 7! 'dev\t p]sons1' 'dev\t ,greeks1' c41 ( ! ,acts#agg7 attract$ by ! doctr9es1 & acqua9t$ ) ! ,scriptures ( ,israel1 :o =m$ a fr+e ( p>tly leav5$ ,g5tile life r\nd e synagogue4 ,we h>dly ne$ evid5ce to %ew u t to ?is picture ( ! influ5ce ( ,jew ov] ,g5tile1 !re ne$ to be add$ ano!r :i* w %ew h[ ! subtle1 p]suasive1 & p[]ful culture ( ! ,graeco-,roman _w made itself felt ^u ! ,jews ( ! ,disp]sion4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! ,jews ( ,pale/9e & ^? ( ! ,disp]sion1 ! translation ( ! ,scriptures into ,greek1 ! rise ( a lit]ature :i* 9 diff]5t ways tri$ to recomm5d :at 0 ,jewi% to ! hea!n or to fuse :at 0 ,jewi% ) :at 0 ,greek1 ! s+le figure ( ,philo at ,alex&ria1 are all evid5ces ( an influ5ce1 :i* mu/ h told cont9ually ) p5etrat+ p[] on all t 0 able/ & mo/ ?\ghtful 9 ! ,jewi% m9d4 ,x 0 n ! lea/ consid]able result ( ?is t all ! great ?\ghts & beliefs ( ,israel le>n$ to talk ! language ( ! civiliz$ _w1 & s acquir$ be=e ! "t ( ,*ri/ an adequate & cong5ial vehicle4 ,su* 0 ! position ( ,israel at ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,x 0 "o :i* _h be5 gradually br\ght ab\t dur+ ! la/ ?ree c5turies ,b4,c42 b x only came to its full gr[? 9 ! la/ few decades 7! ,jewi% settlem5t 9 ,rome may date f ,pompey's "t7 "u fav\r ( ! imp]ial policy & ! peace ( ! times3 & x 0 soon to *ange2 inde$ ! fall ( ,j]usalem ,a4,d4 #gj alt]$ x )9 & )\t4 ,?us x /ood complete dur+ ! half-c5tury 9 :i* ! "w ( f\nd+ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ?r\gh\t ! ,empire 0 accompli%$1 & !n pass$ away4 ,we rem>k ^u x h[ admirable an organization x (f]$ = ! dissem9ation ( a _w-religion1 orig9at$ ^u ,jewi% soil4 ,! significance ( ?is1 occurr+ at ! "t :5 su* a religion actually appe>$1 is height5$ :5 we obs]ve t ! position _h cont9u$ long en\gh fully to try ! exp]im5t ( :at by its own =ces ,judaism c\ld accompli% = ! _w4 ,z ,s4 ,james argu$#agh ',moses _h1' n[ = a long "t1 9 e city !m t prea* him1 be+ read 9 ! synagogues e ,sabba? day'--& x might h s gone on = ev] )\t any conv]sion ( ! ,g5tile _w4 ,t _w c\ld nev] h be5 drawn )9 a sy/em1 :i*1 h[ev] zeal\s to make proselytes1 _h no?+ bett] to (f] to ^? :om x made ?an t !y might come 91 if !y lik$1 & sit d[n 9 ! l[e/ place1 tol]at$ r ?an welcom$1 dep5d5ts r ?an memb]s ( an int5sely national community1 leav+ fa!r & "m & all t !y _h1 n = a position ( spiritual fre$om1 b = a *ange ( e>?ly nationality4 7#b7 ,b we tr5* ^u ! second "q4 ,:at 0 ! nation t held ?is position ( vantage8 ,:at signs are !re ab\t x :i* sugge/ a special prep>ation = a purpos$ result8 ,x is "o answ] to ?is "q to say t ?is wond]fully plac$ p _h1 alone among ! nations1 a g5u9e fai?1 a g5u9e hope1 & a g5u9e *>ity4 ,!y at lea/1 says ,s5eca1 :5 he compla9s ( _! influ5ce1 'knew ! reasons ( _! cu/oms4' ,!re 0 a raison d'tre to _! religion4 ,9 a _w :i* /ill kept up ! =ms ( wor%ip & respect = gods ^: "* & exi/5ce c\ld n /& ! criticism ( its own be/ moral & religi\s insight1 any m ?an t ( its scepticism2 or :i* 0 fram+ = itself ?\ghts ( ,deity by intellectual ab/raction2 or :i* 0 betray+ its real ignorance ( ! v idea ( ,god by wor%ipp+ ! two great p[]s :i*1 z a matt] ( fact1 x knew to be mighty1 ,nature & ! ,roman ,empire1--! ,jew _h a fai?1 di/9ct1 colossal1 & unfail+1 9 a ,liv+ ,god1 ,mak] ( heav5 & e>?4 ,?is we may be sure 0 ! inn] secret ( ! true attraction :i* drew ! he>ts ( su* m5 z ,cornelius ! c5turion to ! despis$ & repulsive ,jew4 ,?is ,god1 !y fur!r believ$1 0 _! ,god = ev] & ev]4 ',let u kneel1' !y said1 'be=e ! ,"l our ,mak]1 = ,he is ! ,"l our ,god4' ,& !re=e1 let !m h ga9$ x h[ !y may1 !y _h an indomitable hope1 or r1 confid5ce1 :i* all unpropiti\sness ( out] appe>ances _h only s]v$ to /imulate1 t ,he w\ld br+ !m ?r\gh1 t ,he _h a purpose = !m1 & t ,he w\ld br+ x to pass3 t ! _w 0 no me*anical sy/em ( mean+less vicissitudes1 b an ord]1 ( :i* inde$ !y little realiz$ ! scope1 mov+ "u ! h& ( a ,rul] = a purpose ( glory & b5efic5ce4 ,t ! confid5ce ( ! extraord9>y de/9y :i*1 "u ?is ord]1 0 res]v$ = ,israel1 z well z ! pres5t possession ( ! ,div9e law & cov5ant1 %\ld h produc$ an int5se s5se ( unity & fell[%ip 0 a matt] ( c\rse4 ,! ,roman is oblig$ to recognise _! mutual *>ity1 h[ev] de=m$1 z he ?9ks1 by _! antipa?y to all :o 7 n ( _! k9dr$ & fai?4 ,b su* an answ] to our "q1 ?\gh x br+s be=e u a sign1 & a sign ( ! v highe/1 t is ( ! moral & spiritual1 ord]1 does n p]haps set u at ! po9t f :i* ! :ole mean+ ( ! position op5s to u mo/ naturally4 ,x may d ?is m effectually to ask :e!r !re 0 any mat]ial 9 ,judaism = a _w-religion1 & = t _w-religion :i* grew out ( x8 ,p]haps if we p]=m$ ! futile task ( try+ to imag9e a _w-religion1 we %\ld1 ) "s g5]ality ( cons5t1 def9e z its ess5tials ?ree or f\r po9ts :i* x is /rik+ to f9d 7 fundam5tals ( ! religion ( ,israel1 & at t "t ( no o!r4 ,we %\ld require a doctr9e ( ,god1 l(ty1 spiritual1 moral3 a doctr9e ( man :i* %\ld affirm & secure 8 spiritual be+ & 8 immortality3 & a doctr9e ( ! relations betwe5 ,god & man1 :i* %\ld give reality to pray] & to ! belief 9 provid5ce1 & root man's s5se ( responsibility 9 ! fact ( 8 obligation to a righte\sness outside & above himself1 a doctr9e 9 %ort ( judgm5t4 ,x ne$s no words to %ew h[ ! religion ( ,israel 9 its full developm5t n only taught ^! tru?s1 b gave !m ! dignity & importance :i* belong to ! corn]/ones ( a religion4 ,b !n along ) ^! t religion taught o!r beliefs z cle>ly conceiv$1 :i* seem$ to be ( ! mo/ opposite "*3 j z di/9ctive & exclusive z ! =m] 7 univ]sal4 ,x taught ! obligation 9 e detail ( a v /r+5t writt5 law1 & ( a c]emonial & sacrificial sy/em1 c5tr$ at ,j]usalem1 & =m+ ! recognis$ communication betwe5 ,god & man4 ,x taught a special election ( ,israel & cov5ant ( ,god ) ,israel1 a special purpose & future = ,israel4 ,nor 0 ! conception ( ! p>ticipation by o!r nations 9 ! bless+s ( ,messiah's rule1 7to :i* we1 read+ = example ! prophecies ( ,isaiah 9 ! light ( ! sequel1 _c b give a dom9ant place17 m to an ,israelite ?an a /rik+ incid5t 9 a di/9ctively ,israelite glory4 ,x w\ld seem !n1 comb9+ ^! two sides1 t !re 0 9 ,israel ! f\ndation on :i* a religion = ! _w c\ld be laid1 b t x c\ld only be made available "u /r+5t &1 z x might appe>1 impossible conditions4 ,an attempt to make a religion by extract+ ! univ]sal tru?s 9 ,judaism w\ld h be5 simply to des]t at once ! vantage-gr\nd :i* x 0 propos$ to occupy1 because x w\ld h conflict$ directly ) e ,jewi% in/9ct1 belief1 tradition1 & hope4 ,if ! ?+ 0 to be done1 x mu/ be done by "s p[] & tea*+ :i*1 :ile extricat+ into cle>ness all t 0 true/ 9 ! !ology & morality ( ,israel1 0 also able to %ew to ! judgm5t ( pla9 m5 & e>ne/ seek]s1 t x con/itut$ a true climax ( ,israel's hi/ory1 a true fulfilm5t ( ! promises & prophecies :i* ,jews _h n[ made matt]s ( notoriety ev]y:]e1 a true f9al cause ( all ! peculi> & di/9ctive sy/em ( ,israel4 ,x mu/ be able to take ,israel to witness1 & !re=e x mu/ be able to conv9ce m5 n only t x _h a high !ology & a ref9$ morality1 b t ,god _h 'visit$ ,8 p'3 & t ':at ,he _h spok5 unto ! fa!rs ,he _h s fulfill$4' ,x mu/ produce accord+ly n only doctr9e1 b fact4 ,x mu/ c>ry on1 :at 0 impli$ 9 ! :ole discipl9e ( ,israel1 ! ass]tion t tru? 0 n a matt] ( speculation1 b a ^w f ,god2 or ! k ( a deal+ ( ,god ) man clo?+ itself ) reality1 embody+ itself 9 fact1 mak+ a home = itself 9 hi/ory4 ,x is true t ! ,judaism ( ! synagogue 9 its idolatry ( ! law1 _h assum$ ! appe>ance ( a pap] sy/em1 b 9 t =m x _h no promise or p[] ( expansion3 & on ! side :]e ! religion ( ,israel admitt$ ( developm5t into "s high] & wid] /ate1 x 0 di/9ctly a religion n ( !ory or tea*+ only1 b ( ,div9e action reveal+ itself 9 hi/ory4 ,x w n escape any obs]v] ( ! beg9n+s ( ,*ri/ianity t x 0 precisely ?is attempt :i* ! ,gospel ( ,jesus made4 ,if we wat* ,s4 ,paul speak+ to 8 ,g5tile audi5ces at ,ly/ra or ,a!ns1 he br+s to be> ^u ! in/9cts ( 8 he>]s ! /rong magnet ( a cle> & def9ite ,!ism4 ,b ^! addresses !mselves implicitly conta9 ano!r elem5t3 & we mu/ n[ look to !m = examples ( ! process1 ! c>eful e>ne/ process1 by :i* ! ,gospel did its rapid & yet mo/ gradual "w ( conv]sion4 ,unque/ionably1 z ,s4 ,paul himself affirms1 & z ! ,acts & ! e>ly apologetic writ]s %ew u1 x 0 done by ass]t+1 & mak+ good ! ass]tion ) c>eful pro( & reason+1 t 9 ! hi/orical appe>ance & "* ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 ,8 treatm5t :ile on e>?1 9 ,8 resurrection & heav5ly exaltation1 0 to be f\nd ! true1 natural1 & legitimate fulfilm5t ( t to :i* ! ,scriptures 9 v>i\s ways1 direct & indirect1 po9t$1 & ( t :i* ! hope ( ,israel1 sl[ly fa%ion$ by ! ,scriptures "u ! discipl9e ( exp]i5ce1 _h le>nt to expect4 ,?is c\ld be press$ home mo/ directly on ,jews1 b x 0 available also = ! l>ge prep>$ class among ,g5tiles1 to :om ! pre-exi/5ce ( ^! prophecies & anticipations 0 kn[n matt] ( fact1 & to "s ( :om ! ,jewi% ,scriptures _h be5 a p]sonal discipl9e3 ! tru? ( ! ,gospel 0 "o 'n[ made manife/ & by ! ,scriptures ( ! prophets1 accord+ to ! comm&m5t ( ! ev]la/+ ,god1 made kn[n to all nations = ! ob$i5ce ( fai?4' ,! d\ble requirem5t 0 fulfill$1 & a religion1 intr9sically univ]sal & et]nal1 0 se5 by spiritually cle>-sight$ eyes to be 9 a mo/ real & organic s5se ! fl[] ( ,israel's /alk4 7#c7 ,if x has appe>$ t 9 ! plac+ ( ! nation at ! era1 & 9 its "* & belief1 !re 0 some?+ mu* to be 'wond]$ at1' &1 m def9itely1 some?+ m>vell\sly suit$1 n inde$ to g5]ate su* a religion z t ( ! ,gospel1 b to fo/] & assi/ its gr[? :5 ! se$ ( ,div9e fact %\ld be s[n on ! prep>$ soil2 !n we %all ask1 f9ally1 :e!r !re is any?+ ( l /rik+ significance 9 ! way 9 :i* ?is /ate ( ?+s _h come ab\t8 ,let u pass by ! causes by :i* ! p ( ,israel obta9$ _! ext]nal position4 ,^!1 ev5 includ+ a ?+ s rem>kable z ! spontane\s re/oration by an ,ori5tal ,empire ( a deport$ p1 are n 9 !mselves diff]5t f ! ord9>y work+s ( hi/ory2 ?\gh 9 comb9ation !y may contribute to deep5 ! impression ( a h& fa%ion+ out ( _m elem5ts1 & 9 _m ways1 a s+le great result4 ,b h[ _h ! ,jews come to be :at !y 78 h[ _h !y ga9$ ! religi\s treasure :i* !y possess$1 & ! t5acity ( religi\s & national life :i* play$ gu>dian to x8 ,! :ole c\rse ( ,israel's hi/ory mu/1 9 "o s5se1 give ! answ] to ?is "q3 & !re are no controv]sies m difficult or m unsolv$ ?an ^? :i* are n[ rag+ r\nd ! problem ( t c\rse1 its orig91 /ages1 & ord]4 ,b x may be possible to make "s reflections on x )\t entangl+ ourselves v mu* 9 ^? controv]sies4 7a7 ,at ! outset x is impossible n to be /ruck by ! int]e/ :i* ! ,jews !mselves felt 9 ! process ( _! hi/ory4 ,t int]e/ belongs to ! v c5tre ( _! life & ?\ght4 ,x is n an (f%oot ( national va+lory1 = 7z has be5 s (t5 rem>k$7 x result$ 9 a record full-*>g$ ) ! incid5ts ( national failure & defection3 x is n ! result ( a self-consci\s p analys+ its own moral & o!r developm5t1 = ?\gh ! moral judgm5t is inde$ always at "w 9 ! n>ratives & ! poems1 x is m occupi$ 9 draw+ out ! tea*+ ( recurr+ sequ5ces ( s9 & puni%m5t ?an 9 fram+ a picture ( ! :ole4 ,! result is to lay a picture ( developm5t be=e u1 b ! aim is to treasure & record e detail ( ,god's deal+s ) ! nation ( ,8 *oice4 ,?is is :at gives cont9uity & unity to ! :ole3 ?is is :at l5ds to x its int5se & *>act]i/ic uniqu5ess4 ,& :5 we look /eadily at ?is1 we p]ceive afre%1 :at famili>ity almo/ conceals f u1 ! di/9ctive quality ( ,israel's religion2 t x is n a sy/em ( tea*+1 nor a tradition ( wor%ip1 nor a p]sonal discipl9e1 ?\gh x may include all ^!2 b t x is 9 itself a belief 9 ! work+ ( ,god1 ,:o is ! ,god ( all ! e>?1 b specially ! ,god ( ,israel1 & ,:o works inde$ ev]y:]e1 b 9 an altoge!r special s5se 9 ,israel4 ,9 reflect+ on _! hi/ory !y contemplate ! object ( _! fai?4 ,h5ce tru? is to !m n a philosophic acquisition1 b lies 9 ! words :i* _h come f ,god fai?fully treasur$ & receiv$3 x is reveal$ 9 ^w & act3 goodness1 9 man or nation1 is ! fai?ful adh]5ce to ^? conditions1 "u :i* ! good purpose ( ,god c "w itself out & take effect3 x is a correspond5ce to a purpose ( grace3 & ! c5tre & deposit>y ( _! hope is nei!r ! human race1 nor any association = moral & religi\s ef=t1 b an organism rais$ by ,him :o raises all ! organisms ( nature f a *os5 se$1 & drawn onw>ds ?r\gh ! /ages by :i* family passes into nation & k+dom1 & !n ?r\gh t high] discipl9e by :i* ! natural commonweal? *anges into ! spiritual community ( ! fai?ful 'remnant4' ,if any "o w try to realize ! impression :i* ,*ri/ianity made ^u ! hea!n _w1 he w n fail to see h[ ! new tru? 0 able to impress m5 because x f\nd ^! conceptions ( revelation1 grace1 & an organic society ( ,god's *oice & %ap+1 all s /range & s impressive to ! hea!n _w1 +ra9$ z ! natural elem5ts ( religion 9 ! m5 :om x made its in/rum5ts4 ,b :y did ! ,jews s reg>d _! hi/ory8 ,= ! answ] we may rev]t to ! o!r "q1 ,:at made !m :at !y 7 at ! ,*ri/ian era8 ,= !y _h gone ?r\gh a crisis calculat$ to de/roy bo? _! exi/5ce & _! religion4 ,x has be5 9 fa%ion ) "s writ]s to emphasize ! resemblances1 & m9imize ! diff]5ces1 betwe5 ! religion ( ,israel & t ( its neighb\rs4 ,9 view ( ?is x becomes important to note ! specific p]il ( anci5t religions4 ,t p]il 0 t ! close association ( ! nation ) its god caus$ ! failure ( ! "o to appe> a failure ( ! o!r1 & to endang] or de/roy ! respect paid to him4 ,! religion ( a subdu$ or ru9$ p 01 z we may say1 a demon/rat$ failure4 ,s5na*]ib's defiance ( ,hezekiah urges ?is ) a conqu]or's irony#agi4 ,! case ( ! ,t5 ,tribes _h1 probably1 giv5 an illu/ration ( x )9 ! circle ( ,israel itself4 ,& 9 ,judah1 ^u any %ew+1 !re 0 en\gh ( ! feel+ t ,jehovah 0 responsible = ,8 p1 ( ! conviction t ,he w\ld c]ta9ly protect ,8 own1 ( ! confid5ce re/+ on prosp]ity & liable to be %ak5 by its loss1 to make ! d[nfall ( ! /ate1 c>ry+ ) x t ( ! ,temple & ! out] ord] ( religion1 an enorm\s p]il to ! religion itself & ) x to ! v exi/5ce ( ,israel4 ,x is n difficult to disc]n ! ag5cy by :i* ! p]il 0 av]t$4 ,t ag5cy 0 ,prophecy4 ,mod]n criticism1 ?\gh x may qu>rel ) ! inspiration or pr$ictive p[] ( ! prophets1 has giv5 fre% & unbiass$ witness to _! importance z an hi/orical ph5om5on4 ,ku55#ahj1 = example1 po9ts out h[ at e turn+-po9t 9 ,israel's lat] hi/ory !re /&s a man :o claims to br+ a ^w ( ,god to ! p4 ,pr(4 ,huxley#aha1 9 a rec5t article1 has told u t 'a vigor\s m9ority ( ,babylonian ,jews1' t is1 ! ,jews ^u :om ! full =ces ( prophecy bore1 'creat$ ! fir/ consi/5t1 remorseless1 nak$ ,mono!ism1 :i*1 s f> z hi/ory records1 appe>$ 9 ! _w 444 & !y insep>ably unit$ !re) an e?ical code1 :i*1 = its purity & its effici5cy z a bond ( social life1 01 & is1 unsurpass$4' ,( :atev] fact may und]lie ?is description1 ! prophets are at once evid5ce & au?ors4 ,n[ prophecy confront$ ! imp5d+ p]il 9 ! "n ( ,jehovah3 on ! "o side x display$ ! enemy 7:e!r z by ,isaiah x prescrib$ a b\nd to 8 advance1 or z by ,j]emiah ann\nc$ ! cata/rophe to be wr\ght by him7 z himself utt]ly 9 ,jehovah's h&s1 ,8 axe or saw = discipl9e ^u ! trees ( ! =e/2 on ! o!r side x %ew$ t ,jehovah's obligation to ,israel 0 condition$ by ,8 ess5tial righte\sness2 t national disa/] might be ,jehovah's necess>y v5geance1 & t ,8 purpose = ,israel--:i* x re-ass]t$ ) fulle/ emphasis--might ne$ to be realiz$ = an ,israel purifi$ by su* discipl9e1 a %oot f ! /ock ( ! fell$ tree1 ! remnant ( an 'afflict$ & poor p#ahb4' ,& prophecy 0 be=eh& ) all ?is3 x 0 n an aft]?\ght to expla9 away a calamity3 & s x fa%ion$ 9 ,israel at lea/ a core ( spiritual fai?1 to :i* outw>d disa/] ( polity & religion1 h[ev] de/ructive1 0 n conf\nd+1 & :i* _h /am9a en\gh 9 x to draw :olesome ?\gh bitt] n\ri%m5t f ! h>d ,captivity discipl9e4 ,?is1 :5 ! flood came1 0 an ark = ,israel's religion1 &1 9 its religion1 = ! national life1 :i* re-organiz$ itself "u new conditions r\nd ! nucleus ( ! religion4 ,?us1 at ! crisis & h+e ( ! hi/orical developm5t :i* issu$ 9 ! wond]fully plac$ & con/itut$ ,israel ( ,*ri/'s "t1 & :i* 0 cr[n$ by ! ,new ,religion1 we f9d ?is ag5cy1 :i* 9 itself w\ld arre/ our wond]4 ,! m we look at x1 ! m wond]ful x is4 ,e sugge/ion ( comp>ison ) hea!n oracles1 div9ation & ! re/1 c only br+ out ) m vivid effect ! contra/ & diff]5ce betwe5 x & all su* ?+s4 ,x claims by ! m\? ( m5 transp>5tly e>ne/ & hone/1 to speak f ,god4 ,x br+s ) x ! highe/ cr$5tials1 moral1 spiritual1 hi/orical3 moral1 = x sp5ds :at at fir/ sight seems all its /r5g? 9 ! intrepid & sca?+ rebuke ( ! evils imm$iately r\nd x1 especially 9 ! high places ( society1 aga9/ ! lu/1 cruelty1 av>ice1 frivolity1 insol5ce1 f\l wor%ips1 :i* x f\nd s rankly abundant3 spiritual1 = x speaks ! language ( an absolutely unworldly fai?1 & accompli%es a great spiritual "w1 su* z we c h>dly ov]-e/imate1 unless inde$ ) ,pr(4 ,huxley we di/ort its proportions s z to prejudice ! e>li] religion f :i* x sprang or ! ,*ri/ianity to :i* x contribut$3 hi/orical1 because occurr+ at ! v crisis ( ,israel's hi/ory 7#gej-eej71 x ga9$ cr$5ce & au?ority f ! witness ( ev5ts1 & dealt ) an em]g5cy ( ! mo/ p]il\s & bewild]+ k9d1 z n ! mo/ skilful opportuni/ c\ld h dealt ) x1 by a use1 z sublime z simple1 ( ! pr9ciples ( righte\sness & fai?4 ,if we comp>e :at ! prophets did = _! contempor>ies & :at !y did = ! future ( ,israel & ! _w1 & see t ?is 0 done1 n by two sets ( utt]ances work+ two diff]5t ways1 b by a s+le bl5d$ /ra9 ( prophecy1 we ga9 a d\ble impression1 ( :i* ! tw(old =ce is a/oni%+ inde$4 ,x is ga9$ )\t press+ _! claim to pr$ictive p[]1 at lea/ beyond ! horizons ( _! own p]iod4 ,b x is impossible = any c>eful & c&id read] ( ! words ( ! prophets to /op !re1 & n to feel t !re is ano!r elem5t 9 !m1 n conta9$ 9 a passage "h & !re b = ev] reappe>+1 int]wov5 ) ! re/1 & evid5tly felt by ! prophets !mselves to be 9 "s s5se necess>y = ! v9dication & completion ( _! :ole tea*+4 ,x is an elem5t ( anticipation & =esight4 ,we see t ?is is s1 & we see 9 "p ! me?od ( x4 ,x is b\nd up )1 x spr+s out (1 all t is spiritually & morally greate/ 9 ! prophets4 ,_! m>vell\s1 cle>-sight$1 /eady c]ta9ty t ! ,"l :o sitte? above rules all1 t ,he is holy1 & t unrighte\sness 9 man or nations _c prevail2 _! insight pi]c+ ?r\gh ! surface ( hi/ory to und]ly+ laws ( provid5tial ord]2 ! /range conviction or consci\sness1 felt ?r\gh\t ! nation b c5tr+ 9 ! prophets1 t ?is ,god _h a purpose = ,israel3--^! deep ?+s1 :i*1 h[ev] !y came & :atev] we ?9k ( !m1 make ,israel's di/9ctive & peculi> glory1 7 accompani$ by1 & issu$ 91 anticipations ( a future :i* w\ld v9dicate & respond to !m4 ,j z ! belief 9 a future life = ,god's *ildr5 0 n taught z a set doctr9e to ! ,jews1 b grew ) ! gr[? ( _! k ( ! ,liv+ & ,holy ,god1 & ( man's relation z a spiritual be+ to ,him1 s ) ! pr$ictions ( :i* we speak4 ,z x 0 giv5 to ! prophets to realize ! great spiritual tru?s ( pres5t because et]nal mom5t :i* !y taught1 x 0 giv5 to !m also to disc]n t ^! tru?s po9t$ to a future :i* %\ld br+ !m v9dication4 ,! cl\dy "t ( trial & confusion w\ld "o day come to a close2 ! ,sun ^: rays !y caught w\ld "o day %9e out2 ! p>tial & pass+ deliv]ances 9 :i* !y taught m5 to see ,god's h& mu/ "o day issue 9 a deliv]ance ( deep] mom5t1 ( la/+ & adequate significance2 !re w\ld be an unb>+ ( ,god's arm1 a manife/+ ( ,8 p[] to decide1 to ju/ify1 to condemn1 & x w\ld be se5 9 "s f9al =m :y & h[ ,israel 01 9 a di/9ctive s5se1 ! p ( ! ,god ( ! :ole e>?2 t union betwe5 ,god & ,8 p1 ( :i* ! prophets 7 !mselves m$iators & :i* 0 s mis]ably imp]fect & s con/antly brok51 w\ld "o day be complete2 &1 f9ally1 ev5 ! v in/rum5ts :i* ,he 0 us+ 9 ! pres5t1 ! ,ano9t$ ,k+1 ! *os5 ,royal ,h\se1 ! ,prophet-,s]vant ( ,god1 ! holy hill ( ,zion1 7 *>g$ ) a mean+ ( :i* ! significance 0 only 9 ! future to become cle>4 ,?us1 9 ?is free1 deep1 spiritual--let u say x out1 inspir$--mann] ! pr$ictions ( prophecy em]ge & ga!r %ape4 ,?us among ! p :i* 0 mo/ cons]vative & jeal\s ( its own religi\s privilege1 ! promise mo/ deeply *]i%$ 0 "o 9 :i* all nations ( ! e>? %\ld be bless$1 & !re is he>d ! /range ann\ncem5t ( a 'new cov5ant4' ,?us x comes ab\t t ! mo/ satisfy+ & satisfi$ ( all religions becomes ! "o :i*1 9 its deepe/ mean+1 9 ! m9ds ( its mo/ fai?ful foll[]s1 /ra9s =w>d mo/ completely beyond itself4 ,?us1 z x has be5 said1 ',prophecy takes (f its cr[n & lays x at ! feet ( ,"o :o is to be4' ,?us a p :o h become int5sely & inexorably mono!i/ic & to :om ! ,deity becomes m & m remote 9 awful maje/y s t !y d n d>e to "n ,8 ,"n1 c>ry d[n ) !m ,scriptures :i* discov] ! /range vision ( a human ,k+ ) ,div9e attributes & /ra9 t[>ds "s manife/ation ( ,god 9 pres5t ne>ness4 ,?us amid/ ! pictures 9 :i*1 ) e v>y+ detail1 us+ ! sc5]y1 ! p]sonages1 ! nations1 ! ideas ( its own day1 ! in/9ct ( prophetic anticipation f9ds expression1 !re em]ges1 ) gradually ga!r+ /r5g?1 a def9ite ,hope1 & "s cle> l9eam5ts ( t :i* is to be4 ,=1 be x obs]v$1 at ?is po9t int]pretation1 decl>+ :at ! prophets seem to u to-day to mean1 passes into & gives way to hi/orical fact4 ,! mo/ sceptical _c d5y ei!r t ! words 9 :i* ! prophets spoke ( ! future1 did z a matt] ( fact cry/allize into a hope1 a hope su* z has no p>allel 9 hi/ory1 & ( :i* di/ort$ rum\rs 7 able to /ir & int]e/ ! hea!n _w3 or t !y 71 long be=e ! "t ( ,jesus1 int]pret$ z sket*+ features1 "s g5]al & %ad[y1 "s curi\sly di/9ct & p>ticul>1 ( ,messiah's "w & k+dom4 ,& !n1 face to face ) ?is1 /&s ano!r fact z confess$ly hi/orical4 ,=1 '9 ! fulness ( ! "t1' x did appe> to m5 ( _m k9ds :o _h ! books 9 _! h&s1 m5 ) e reason = judg+ s]i\sly & critically1 & 9 mo/ cases ) ! /ronge/ prejudice 9 fav\r ( an adv]se judgm5t1 t ^! prophecies 7 fulfill$ 9 a ,k+ & a ,k+dom su* z !y nev] dreamt ( till !y saw !m4 ,x w\ld be a /range *apt] 9 ! hi/ory ( delusion1 if !re 7 no m to add4 ,b !re is to add1 fir/1 t ! ,k+ & ! ,k+dom :]eto1 79 no small "p ^u ! seem+ p]il\s gr\nd ( ?is correspond5ce ) prophecy17 ^! m5 gave _! fai?1 h prov$ to w9 su* a spiritual empire z !y claim$3 &1 fur!r1 t m5 l ourselves1 judg+ at ! cool di/ance ( two ?\s& ye>s1 are unable to d5y t 9 ! true/ s5se ( 'fulfilm5t1' z x w\ld be judg$ by a religi\s m9d1 ,jesus & ,8 ,k+dom d 'fulfil ! prophets1' fulfil _! ass]tion ( a unique religi\s de/9y = ,israel by :i* ! nations 7 to pr(it1 ( a "t :5 ! righte\sness ( ,god %\ld be reveal$ = ! discomfiture ( pride & s9 & = ! help ( ! meek1 ( a ne>] dwell+ ( ,god ) ,8 p1 ( a new cov5ant1 & ( ! la/+ reign ( a p]fect ,rul]4 ,to "s m9ds x may weak51 b to o!rs x w c]ta9ly int5sify1 ! impression ?us creat$1 if !y are ask$ to obs]ve t n[ & aga9 !re occur 9 ! ,jewi% ,scriptures words1 passages1 ev5ts1 9 :i* ) />tl+ di/9ctness1 indep5d5ce1 & m9ut5ess !re /& =? features ( :at 0 to be4 ,x is z if ! anticipation :i* fills ! air ) gl[ focuss$ itself "h & !re 9 sp>kl+ po9ts ( light :i* =m & fla% & fade away aga94 ,we may confid5tly ass]t t 9 ! case ( su* passages z ! #bbnd & #aaj? ,psalms or ! #i? & #ecrd ,*apt]s ( ,isaiah ! h>d] task is = him :o w d5y1 ?an = him :o w ass]t1 a direct correspond5ce betwe5 pr$iction & fulfilm5t4 ,if !y /ood alone1 g5]al sci5tific consid]ations might make x necess>y to und]take ! h>d] task4 ,/&+ out z !y d f su* a context & backgr\nd z has be5 "h indicat$1 ! int]pretation :i* sees 9 !m ! "w ( a ,div9e provid5ce %ap+ out a 'sign' = ! purpose :i* 9 ea* ,*ri/ian age1 & especially 9 ! fir/1 x has actually subs]v$1 is ! int]pretation :i* is true/ to all ! facts4 ,!y are ! special self-betrayal ( a p[] :i* is at "w ?r\gh\t1 ( :i* ! spiritual e> he>s ! s\nd1 ?\gh we are (t5 unable di/9ctly to see ! footpr9ts4 ,x seems !n impossible1 ^u su* a view ( ! ph5om5a ( prophecy z has be5 "h r\ghly & insuffici5tly indicat$1 to d5y t :atev] appe>ance ( prep>ation we may disc]n 9 ! condition outw>d & inw>d ( ! ,jews 9 ! "t ( ,*ri/1 is /rongly corroborat$ by a l appe>ance ( prep>ation 9 ! process by :i* !y _h become :at !y 74 7b7 ,we h select$ out ( all ! =ego+ hi/ory ! epo* & ! influ5ce ( ! prophets = sev]al reasons4 ,!y preside ov] ! mo/ critical p]iod ( ,israel's hi/ory4 ,!y seem to br+ to mo/ pron\nc$ expression ! _s & "* :i* p]vades ! :ole ( t hi/ory4 ,!y are kn[n to u ?r\gh _! own writ+s3 & we are !re=e on gr\nd :]e 7comp>atively speak+7 ! premises are uncontrov]t$4 ,& z x is ! fa%ion p]haps to discr$it ! argum5t ( prophecy--p>tly1 no d\bt1 on acc\nt ( ! te*nical =m 9 :i* x 0 ord9>ily pres5t$--x is important to re-ass]t t 9 all its ma9 /r5g? t argum5t holds its gr\nd1 re9=c$ inde$1 z we ?9k1 by ! increas$ p[] to appreh5d its bread? & solidity :i* our m hi/orically tra9$ mod]n m9ds %\ld h ga9$4 ,b selection ( :at is mo/ sali5t %\ld imply no neglect ( ! re/2 & ! argum5t1 or view ( ! facts1--:i* has "h = cle>ness sake be5 abbreviat$1 & ma9ly c5traliz$ ^u ! "w & implications ( prophecy1--c be deep5$ z ! drift ( ! great l9es ( ,israel's discipl9e is m deeply realiz$4 ,?us1 = example1 little or no?+ has be5 "h said ( ! ,law4 ,yet1 )\t =eclos+ any discussion z to its s\rces & developm5t1 we c see t ! law ( ,god 0 a factor 9 e /age ( ,israel's hi/ory1 & t 9 ! mak+ ( ! prep>$ ,israel ( ,*ri/'s "t1 ! law 9 its fulle/ & mo/ develop$ %ape 01 & _h be5 = ages1 a p>am\nt influ5ce4 ,no influ5ce m conc5trat$ & pot5t c be f\nd 9 hi/ory4 ,& to see ! deepe/ drift ( x we h no ne$ to speculate on :at might h be51 or 0 sure to be4 ,hi/orical docum5ts po9t u to :at 04 ,! ,epi/les to ! ,romans & ! ,galatians1 & ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 lay op5 respectively two ways ( its work+4 ,on ! "o side x appe>s z a great witness = righte\sness4 ,m5 7 s*ool$ to live "u a s5se ( p]emptory obligation2 to comply scrupul\sly1 exactly1 submissively ) an unque/ion$ au?ority4 ,?is s5se & temp] is liable to great abuse3 x l5ds itself :5 abus$ to a me*anical morality1 to a morbid casui/ry1 to ! complac5cy ( an ext]nal p]fectness4 ,x 0 s abus$ v widely among ! ,jews4 ,b x is nev]!less an indisp5sable factor 9 a true morality1 to :i* x l5ds ! special p[] ( comm&3 & 9 ,israel x conf]r$ ?is p[] because x connect$ obligation ) ! w ( a righte\s ,god4 ,?is is express$ 9 ! repeat$ sanction ',i am ! ,"l y\r ,god1' foll[+ precept aft] precept ( ! law1 & 9 ! summ>y claim ',be ye holy1 = ,i am holy4' ,evid5tly "h !re is t :i* transc5ds all me*anical s*emes ( ob$i5ce2 !re is an inf9ite /&>d4 ,z su* x po9t$ & impell$ onw>ds t[>ds ! true religion 9 :i* fai? & hol9ess %\ld be entirely at "o4 ,z su* mean:ile x /imulat$ & dismay$ ! deep] spirits3 /imulat+ !m by ! l(t9ess ( its dem&1 dismay+ !m by ! prov$ impossibility ( t p]fect compliance :i* alone 0 compliance at all4 ,?us ! f\ndations 7 laid ( a temp] at once robu/ & humble1 confid5t & diffid5t2 ?\gh !y 7 laid ^u a contradiction :i* ! law _h 9 itself no p[] to resolve4 ,!re 0 inde$ 7"h we take up ! guidance ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews7 "o "p ( ! law :i* ackn[l$g$ t contradiction1 :i* half promis$ to resolve x1 b hav+ no real p[] to d s1 c\ld only %ape & deep5 ! dem& = "s solution4 ,?is 01 ( c\rse1 ! sacrificial sy/em4 ,! sacrificial sy/em op5s up q o!r ?\ghts f ^? ( /rict dem& & /rict ob$i5ce4 ,x po9ts to q ano!r side ( religi\s & moral developm5t4 ,yet x />ts f ! same tru? ( a ,holy ,god ,:o requires1 & inasmu* z ,he is holy mu/ require1 a p]fect ob$i5ce4 ,only x ackn[l$ges ! inevitable fact ( disob$i5ce4 ,x embodies ! s5se ( ne$4 ,x appeals to1 & z "p ( ! ,div9e law x reveals1 a quality 9 ! ,supreme ,goodness :i* c g beyond comm&+ & condemn+1 to =give & reconcile4 ,x creates 9 a ^w ! _s ( humility1 & x feels1 at ! lea/1 aft] a ,god ( love4 ,:at a pr(\nd prep>ation !re is 9 ?is = ! life :i* ,*ri/ bless$ 9 ! ,beatitudes & inaugurat$ by all t ,he 0 & did1 & = ! tru? ( ! ,div9e be+ & "* :i* 0 set =? 9 ,him4 ,yet ! law only prep>$ = ?is1 & made ! dem& :i* ?is met4 ,x made no answ] to its own dem&4 ,x c\ld n reconcile its own sev]ity1 & its own hopes ( m]cy3 its app>atus ( sacrifice 0 9 itself absolutely & obvi\sly insuffici5t = any solution ( ! contradiction4 ,x 0 a m>vell\s discipl9e :i*1 :ile x tra9$ its p s f>1 dem&$ ! m urg5tly some?+ :i* all its tra9+ c\ld nev] give nor rea*4 7c7 ,! "w ( prophecy & ! "w ( ! law 0 also 7if we c di/+ui% causes :i* 7 s mu* affect$ by "o ano!r7 ! "w ( hi/ory4 ,to ! "w ( ! prophets1 inde$1 ! hi/ory ( bo? ! pa/ & ! succe$+ times 0 ess5tial1 ! =m] to supply _! "w ) a /&+ gr\nd1 ! latt] to engra9 its tea*+ into ! life ( ! nation4 ,we look back1 & we ask1 ,:at gave ! prophets _! advantage1 :at 0 ! fulcrum ( _! lev]8 ,tra9$ to obs]ve ! processes ( religi\s evolution1 we mu/ refuse to believe ) ,pr(essor ,huxley t a l(ty mono!ism & a noble morality sprang out ( ! gr\nd among a 'm9ority ( ,babylonian ,jews4' ,b we %all be prep>$ to f9d t ! rudim5t>y /ages diff] mu* f ! mature4 ,! beg9n+s ( life1 z we "k !m1 are laid 9 d>kness3 !y em]ge crude & *ildi%3 ! physical & outw>d almo/ conceals ! g]m ( spiritual & rational be+ :i* nev]!less is ! self1 & :i* w increas+ly ass]t itself & rule4 ,x may be s ) t organism :i* ,god 0 to make ! %r9e ( ,8 ,inc>nation4 ,we may h to le>n t ! beg9n+s ( ,israel are m obscure1 m elem5t>y1 less di/9ctive f surr\nd+ religions1 ?an we _h suppos$4 ,we ne$ n fe> to be z bold z ,amos 9 recognis+ t :at 0 9 "o aspect ! unique call+ ( ,god's ,son out ( ,egypt#ahc 0 9 ano!r b "o among ! ,div9ely rul$ processes ( hi/ory1 su* z br\ght up ! ,phili/9es f ,caphtor & ! ,syrians f ,kir#ahd4 ,we ne$ n be m afraid ?an ,ezekiel to say t ! peculi> p 7 an (f%oot 7if s x %\ld be7 ( natural /ocks1 ) ! ,amorite = fa!r & ! ,hittite = "m#ahe4 ,b all ?is w h>dly take f u t s5se ( cont9u\s %ap+ ( a ?+ t[>ds a ,div9e ev5t :i* has always be5 among ! supports ( fai?4 ,we %all see t ! prophetic appeals imply a pa/1 & t _! :ole =ce lies 9 :at !y assume1 & only recal to _! he>]s2 ! special possession ( ,israel by ,jehovah1 ,8 selection ( !m = ,8 own1 ,8 deliv]ances ( !m f ,egypt & onw>ds1 giv+ ! e>ne/ ( a future purpose = :i* !y 7 pres]v$1 & = :i* ,8 def9ite promises 7 committ$ to !m1 to ! se$ ( ,abraham1 ! h\se ( ,israel1 ! l9e ( ,david4 ,^! ?+s ! prophets imply1 /&+ ^u ^! !y speak ) all ! =ce ( ^? :o ne$ only bid ! p to realize & to rememb]1 or at mo/ to receive f ,god "s fre% confirmation & enl>gem5t ( _! hopes#ahf4 ,or aga91 f ! "w ( ! prophets we look =w>d1 & :5 we h recov]$ f our surprise at see+ t a dre>y int]val ( five c5turies sep>ates ! ,evangelical prophecy1 :i* seem$ s ready = ! fl[] ( ! ,gospel1 f ! "t ( its bloom+1 we disc]n h[ ! processes ( t int]val 7 utiliz$ 9 realiz+1 +ra9+1 diffus+ ! great tru?s ( prophetic tea*+4 ,! return )\t a mon>*y & "u an ecclesia/ical gov]nor1 & ! disp]sion ?r\gh _m l&s1 necessitat$ 9 act t trans=mation ( ! political into ! spiritual polity1 almo/ ( ! nation into ! ,*ur*1 ( :i* ,isaiah's "w 0 ! g]m4 ,! in/itution ( ! synagogues1 :i* belongs to ?is "t & 9 :i* public wor%ip 0 deta*$ f all local associations & f ! anci5t =ms ( mat]ial sacrifice1 01 z x 71 ! spiritual organ ( ! new ubiquit\s cosmopolitan ,jewi% life4 ,yet contemporane\sly ! c5traliz+ influ5ces ga9$ /r5g?4 ,! cons]vative "w ( ,ezra & ( ! ,scribes & ,rabbis at ^: head he /&s1 ga!r$ up & pres]v$ ! treasures :i* gave a consci\sly spiritual "* to ,israel's national loyalty2 & gu>d$ ) ! h$ge ( a scrupul\s lit]alism1 :at ne$$ "s su* def5ce to secure x aga9/ ! p]ils impli$ 9 be+ c>ri$ wide ov] ! _w4 ,by ! resi/ance 9 ,pale/9e "u ,syrian rule to ,hell5iz+ insol5ce1 & 9 ! ,disp]sion to ! fasc9ations & pleasures ( ,hell5iz+ culture1 & by ! great ,maccabean /ruggle1 ! nation 0 id5tifi$ ) religi\s e>ne/ness & zeal 9 a way ( :i* we only see ! c>icature & di/ortion 9 ! ,ph>isaism :i* our ,"l d5\nc$4 ,?us1 if we comp>e our ,"l's "t ) ! great age ( prophecy1 we see h[ mu* has be5 acquir$4 ,"t has be5 giv5 = ! prophetic influ5ces to "w4 ,!re has be5 loss1 b !re has also be5 ga94 ,t consci\s1 explicit1 & magnific5tly uncompromis+ ,mono!ism1 :i* 9 ! m\? ( ! ,evangelical prophet 0 quiv]+ ) ! gl[ & passion ( fre%ly inspir$ realization1 has by '! end ( ! age' _h "t to br+ ev]y?+ 9 ! sph]e ( religion "u its influ5ce4 ,x _h discov]$ its po9ts ( contact ) ! highe/ aspirations ( ! ,greek ?\ght :i* on intellectual l9es felt its way t[>ds ,god4 ,& x _h unfold$ its own coroll>ies3 x _h drawn along ) x ! great spiritual tru?s :i* coh]e ) ! belief 9 "o ,liv+ & ,true ,god3 & ,israel 9 ! ,ph>isee epo* _h pass$1 we h>dly "k h[1 into secure if n undisput$ possession ( ! belief 9 a future life1 9 a _w ( spirits1 & 9 ! spiritual "* ( pray]4 ,b !re 0 ano!r & m direct mann]1 9 :i* ! "w ( hi/ory int]lac$ ) :at we h indicat$ z ! "w ( ! law4 ,9 ! =mation ( ! temp] ( *a/5$ confid5ce :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( lat] ,israel1 a "p mu/ evid5tly be giv5 to ! discipl9e ( national exp]i5ce sadd5$ by dep>t$ glory1 & ) ! %ad[s ?ick5+ ov] x4 ,j z we c see t ! populations ( ! ,empire 7 9 a s5se m ready to le>n ( ,*ri/ ?an ! "y self-reliant ,greeks ( ,sp>ta or ,a!ns c\ld h be51 s we c see 9 su* language z t ( ! #aai? ,psalm or ( ! #i? *apt] ( ,daniel a temp] to :i* ! meek & l[ly ,*ri/ w\ld make an appeal :i* might h be5 lo/ ^u ! r\gh times ( ! judges or ! prosp]\s age ( ! mon>*y4 ,old age has come & ) x ! wisdom ( a *a/5$ _s4 ,?is is n difficult to see1 & x is important to take x into acc\nt4 ,x means t ! comp>atively normal discipl9e ( life has br\ght ) x 7z d\btless x is meant to d alike 9 p]sonal & national life7 a spiritual ga94 ,b x is important to see h[ mu* ( ! process & ! effect rema9s unexpla9$4 ,! *a/5+ is obvi\s1 b :5ce ! confid5ce8 ,x is 9 "s f> less normal cause1 9 some?+ :i* seems di/9ctive ( ,israel1 t we h to f9d ! adequate explanation ( ! :ole result4 ,we h to ask 7z ,pascal s ke5ly felt#ahg7 :y a nation records its failures & mis=tunes z be+ *a/isem5ts ( wilful1 repeat$1 & disgraceful fault1 & !n jeal\sly gu>ds ! record z its mo/ *]i%$ possession4 ,x w\ld be easy to sugge/ t !re is 9 ?is an egotism clo?+ itself 9 humility3 & to po9t out t ?is egotism w\ld expla9 ! confid5ce :i* /ill look$ =w>d to ! future1 :i* anticipat$ greatness = an 'afflict$ & poor p1' & a bless+ to all ! nations ( ! e>? f its own hi/ory4 ,only ?is is j to slur ! difficulty1 & "u ! invidi\s ^w 'egotism' to disguise t wond]ful in/9ct ( a de/9y & a mission :i* is s /rangely unlike egotism1 & :i* all[$1 or ev5 produc$1 9 s pr(\nd a =m ! self-condemnation :i* egotism refuses4 ,d\btless ! effects ( ^! prep>+ =ces 7 felt1 & _! mean+s disc]n$1 only by a few4 ,n only 7 !y 'n all ,israel t 7 ( ,israel1' b ! bulk ( ! nation & its repres5tative & (ficial lead]s 7 bl9d4 ,!y 7 (f ! way1 d[n ! false tracks ( lit]ali/ ,rabb9ism1 or ( "o-sid$ ,ess5e asceticism1 or ( e>?ly visions ( a re/or$ k+dom1 or 7z 9 ,alex&ria7 ( a philosophiz$ ,judaism4 ,! issues 7 ! crucifixion ( ! ,"l1 & all :i* ,judaism1 )\t & )9 ! ,*ur*1 did to ext+ui% ! ,gospel & p]secute its foll[]s 9 its fir/ age4 ,x is "r to ref] to ?is1 b !re are probably few to :om x w\ld cause any difficulty4 ,to ! obs]v] ( ! _w's hi/ory x is a common sight t ! true issues & ! di/9ctive "w ( a p is work$ out n by ! _m or by ! prom95t1 b by ! few1 & (t5 ! obscure4 ,to ! /ud5t ( ,jewi% hi/ory t :i* has made ,israel :at x is 9 _w-significance appe>s ?r\gh\t ! c\rse ( its hi/ory z a gold ?read runn+ ?r\gh a web ( v diff]5t texture4 ,x c be no surprise t ! end %\ld be ( a piece ) ! re/4 ,!re1 9 a climax ( %>pe/ contra/1 we see ! anti!sis :i* m>ks ! hi/ory ?r\gh\t4 ,! tra9+ issues 9 a ,s4 ,m>y1 a ,simeon1 9 ^? :o 'wait$ = ! consolation ( ,israel' on ! "o side1 & 9 ! ',scribes & ,ph>isees1 hypocrites1' on ! o!r4 ,! natural issue ( ,israel's life & t5d5cies is se5 9 ! cold & /]ile impot5ce :i*1 because x is ! 'corruption ( ! be/1' is ! mo/ irrev]sible spiritual ru92 :ile beside & amid/ ?is !re 0 fa%ion$ by a grace & p[] above nature1 ?\gh 9 a p]fectly natural way1 ! true ,israel :i* realize all t ',israel accord+ to ! fle%' pr(ess$ yet betray$1 gu>d$ yet obscur$4 ,& if we h at all rightly disc]n$ z a pr9ciple ( ,div9e prep>ation t x %\ld be negative z well z positive1 & %\ld demon/rate to ! _w be=e ,*ri/ 0 giv51 h[ little ! _w's own wisdom or ef=t c\ld supply ,8 place3 we %all n wond] t "t 0 ?us giv5 = ,israel to try out z x 7 its second exp]im5t1 & to %ew t by its selfi%ness & arrogance1 by its 'c>nalness1' x c\ld w>p & di/ort its lat] spiritual con/itution1 ev5 m ?an its =m] temporal "o1 out ( all lik5ess ( :at ,god w\ld h x be4 ',! la/ /ate ( ! man' 0 'worse ?an ! fir/#ahh4' ,b ! obs]vation ( ^! pr$om9ant curr5ts & =ms ( ,jewi% life & ?\ght & religion has ?is fur!r value1 t x %ews ! v>iety1 ! en]gy1 & ! unlik5ess to "o ano!r ( ! t5d5cies pres5t 9 ,israel4 ,!y emphasize ! fact t ! hi/ory ( ,israel 0 9 no s5se work+ itself out t[>ds ! production by its own =ces ( ! true religion :i* w5t =? f ! mid/ ( x4 ,!y rem9d u h[ intractable ! problem ( f9d+ by human +5uity ! solution :i* c\ld h>monize 9 "o issue elem5ts s p[]ful & s ali5 f ea* o!r2 :i* ) a p]fect spiritual lib]ty c\ld comb9e an ass]tion ( ! p]man5t value ( ! law2 :i* ) no )drawal f & despair ( ! _w c\ld secure all t 0 s\ght by ,ess5e purity & self-d5ial2 :i*1 itself utt]ly unworldly1 c\ld satisfy ! idea ( a re/or$ mon>*y & a glory = ,israel2 :i* :ile br++ no philosophy c\ld a*ieve :at ,jewi% philosophiz+ _h desir$1 9 a capture ( ! _w's reason by ,jewi% tru?4 ,,iii4 ,9 ! la/ words we t\* t ) :i* ?is essay may p]haps fitly end4 ,if its drift has be5 9 any s5se true1 !re /&s be=e u1 z p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ feature ( ! :ole situation1 ! co-exi/5ce ( ! two prep>ations1 ! "o g5]al1 indirect1 contributory1 & consi/+ only 9 an impressive conv]g5ce & c5t]+ ( ! l9es ( ord9>y hi/orical sequ5ces2 ! o!r special1 directly introductory1 & *>act]iz$ by ! pres5ce ( a di/9ctive p[]1 call x :at we may1 a g5ius = religion1 or m truly & adequately a special grace ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 :i* is new & above ord9>y exp]i5ce1 ev5 z life is :5 x ent]s ! re/ ( nature1 & reason is :5 x appe>s 9 ! _w ( life4 ,! two prep>ations pursue _! c\rse unconsci\s ( "o ano!r1 almo/ exclusive ( "o ano!r4 ,greek wisdom & ,roman p[] h no dream ( com+ to receive f ! n>r[ national cult ( humbl$ & subject ,israel4 ,& ,israel1 ev5 taught by ! great prophets1 c\ld h>dly f9d a place 9 h] vision ( ! future = any de/9y ( ! nations ( ! _w4 ,to ?is antagonism1 or m /rictly ?is ignor+ ( "o ano!r1 !re are exceptions1 exceptions ( ! k9d :i* emphasize ! "* ( ! situation :i* !y h>dly modify4 ,two /reams ( su* =ce & volume z ^? ( ,jewi% religion & classical life or culture c\ld n t\* & leave "o ano!r altoge!r un9flu5c$1 ?\gh ! influ5ce 0 *>act]i/ically diff]5t4 ,on ! side ( ! _w ! spiritual ne$s ( individuals caus$ numb]s1 n inconsid]able1 to receive influ5ces :i* made !m ready to act z se$+ gr\nd & f]m5t = ! ,gospel4 ,on ! side ( ,israel1 ! /rong s5se ( mission & ( tru? made ! contact ) ,greek culture sugge/ ! ambition to use x z a great in/rum5t1 to tea* x to ackn[l$ge & witness to ! ,god ( ,israel1 :o 0 ,god ( ! :ole e>?3 & ! results1 9 ! ,greek ( ! ,septuag9t & 9 ! ,hell5o-,judaic writ+s ( ,alex&ria & else:]e1 7 invaluable 9 fa%ion+ language & ?\ght = ,*ri/'s s]vice4 ,b all ! m di/9ctly1 9 ! fir/ case1 does ! antagonism1 ! gulf fix$1 ! mutual av]sion1 ! impossibility humanly speak+ ( fusion betwe5 ,jew & ,g5tile come out be=e our eyes4 ,&1 9 ! second case1 ! unreal romanc+s ( ! ,sibyll9e works1 ! app>5tly isolat$ "w ( ,philo1 & ! opportunism ( a politician l ,josephus1 h all ! "* ( hybrids1 & %ew no sign ( ! vital fusion by :i* out ( a great w$lock a new ?+ comes to be4 ,! two prep>ations /& ap>t3 !y g _! own way4 ,!re is inde$ 9 !m a /range p>allelism ( common human exp]i5ce & human ne$4 ,bo? h tri$ _! exp]im5ts1 made _! v5tures1 won _! successes1 gone ?r\gh _! discipl9es ( dis5*antm5t & failure4 ,bo? are consci\s ( ! dy+ ( life3 9 ,israel !re is 'no prophet m'2 outside x philosophy has n ! creativ5ess & en]gy ( y\? b ! quiet acquiesc5ce & mild prud5ce ( age1 & life1 public & private1 is )\t adequate scope or aim4 ,9 bo? ! 't5d5cies t[>ds' a ,gospel are z f> z possible f mak+ a 't5d5cy to produce' "o4 ,9 bo? !re is ! same desire = :i* ! ,jew alone c f9d consci\s expression3 x is ',quick5 me6' ,bo? ne$ life4 ,bo? h no help 9 !mselves4 ,b 9 ! l9es :i* !y foll[ & ! hopes :i* !y frame !re is nei!r lik5ess nor compatibility4 ',! ,greeks seek aft] wisdom#ahi4' ,! intellect1 & ^? :o are di/9ctively m5 ( ! intellect1 c h>dly imag9e human advance o!rwise ?an 9 t]ms ( ! intellect4 ,philosophy conceives ( x z a conque/ ( philosophical result1 or ev5 z an increase ( philosophical mat]ial4 ,x is ! pa9 ( an advanc$ & critical "t1 l t ( :i* we speak1 to feel ?is1 & yet to feel t ! exp]im5ts ( speculation h gone f> en\gh to %ew t by none ( _! alt]native ways c !re be any way out to ! peace ( c]ta9 tru?4 ,& yet x seems t1 )\t abdication ( reason1 !re is no possibility ( go+ any o!r way3 ! ,greeks 7& 9 ?is s5se all ! _w 0 ,greek7 c\ld only look = :at !y want$ 9 ! =m ( a new philosophy4 ,b '! ,jews require a sign4' ,totally diff]5t1 b equally exclusive1 7 ! conditions "u :i* ! ,jew c\ld conceive ( a new epo*4 ,! dread ( exhau/$ res\rces did n haunt him1 = he look$ n to human capacity b to ,div9e gift & int]position4 ,b he ?\ght t he knew ! =m 9 :i* su* int]position w\ld come2 x 0 n to be prim>ily a tea*+1 7x is ! ,sam>itan & n ! ,jew :o is record$ z expect+ 9 ,messiah "o :o1 ':5 ,he is come1 w tell u all ?+s#aij'72 x mu/ appe> 9 action1 ') obs]vation#aia1' ) pomp & sc5ic display1 ) signs1 & signs :i*1 9 a v visible & tangible s5se1 %\ld seem to be f heav5#aib1 9 p>ticul> ) circum/ances ( triumph & conque/1 & ) an exaltation ( ,israel to ! glories ( h] mon>*y _m times enl>g$4 ,su* are ! dem&s2 ! ?+s s\ght & ne$$2 ! conditions prescrib$2 def9ite1 sev]ally uncompromis+1 mutually unlike1 & ev5 conflict+4 ,& !n f out ( ,israel1 )\t moral or political e>?quake1 )\t ov]:elm+ display ( sup]natural =ce1 nay ev51 to a sup]ficial eye1 ) all ! appe>ance ( weakness & failure1 )\t any rescue = ,israel1 ) no attempt to pres5t itself 9 philosophical =m1 ) none ( ! /ra9 & elaboration ( a consci\s ef=t to comb9e _m 9 "o1 b r ) a p>adoxical & (f5d+ 'simplicity' & 'fooli%ness' ( m]e ass]tion3--!re comes =? a ,?+ 9 :i* on ! "o side ,jews--:om we all recognise to be ! be/ ,jews1 ,jews 9 ! true/ & deepe/ s5se--f9d ! :ole _s & mean+1 ev5 d[n to its detail1 ( ! life & ! hope ( ,israel summ$ up & fulfill$2 :i* left !m no s5se ( disappo9tm5t1 b r a consci\sness ( hav+ _h hopes only too n>r[ & l[2 :i* gave !m ! exult+ s5se ( 'reign+ z k+s1' ) a ',k+ ( ,israel'3 :ile on ! o!r side ?is same ,?+ 0 felt by ',greeks' z a 'wisdom' flood+ _! reasons ) a light ( tru? & wisdom 7sophia71 :i* met ! se>* ( philosophy 7philo-sophia7#aic1 b also 9 simple & wise alike drew =? & m9i/]$ to ne$s :i* philosophy _h b half se5 & :olly fail$ to satisfy1 enabl+ consci5ce to be c&id & yet at peace1 build+ up a new cosmopolitan fell[%ip1 & re/or+ to human life dignity & value1 n only 9 phrase & !ory1 b 9 tru?4 ',!re came =? a ,?+1' or r !re came =? ,"o1 9 ,:om all ?is 0 done4 ,! "q rises1 ',:om say we t ,he is8' ,& ?\gh ! answ] mu/ be rea*$ 9 diff]5t ways by diff]5t m51 & ! witness to ,him 9 ,:om is ! sum ( all1 mu/ ne$s be ( _m k9ds2 yet ! conv]g5ce ( _m l9es 7z we h be5 p]mitt$ to trace x7 to ,"o 9 :om !y are all comb9$ & yet transc5d$1 to ,"o :om !y c u%] 9 b 7 p[]less to produce1 may be no slight corroboration ( ! answ] :i* 0 accept$1 z we h to rememb]1 by ! l[ly ,jesus ) significant solemnity3 ',?\ art ! ,*ri/1' ! ,fulfill] ( all high & inspir$ ,jewi% hope2 '! ,son ( ! ,liv+ ,god#aid1' ,8 ,son1--z ! ,son ( ,man1 9 :om all t is human rea*es fulness2 & z ! ,son ( ,god1 :o br+s d[n to man :at he has be5 all[$ to prove to himself t he _c discov] or create4 #aej ,s4 ,matt4 xiii4 #eb2 v4 #ag4 #aea ,s4 ,matt4 xxi4 #cc-ch4 #aeb ,s4 ,matt4 v4 #ab2 xxiii4 #cj-cg4 #aec ,s4 ,m>k xiv4 #di2 ,s4 ,luke xxii4 #cg4 #aed ,s4 ,luke xxiv4 #be1 #bf1 #dd4 #aee ,gal4 iv4 #i4 #aef ,rom4 xvi4 #bf4 ,s ! pages ( ! e>ly apologi/s are to our feel+ almo/ cumb]$ by ! pr(us5ess ( _! appeal to ^! ,scriptures4 #aeg ,s4 ,john i4 #a1 #ad1 #i1 #aj4 #aeh ,ep4 cii4 #ab4 #aei ,de ,c>ne ,*ri/i vi4 ,eum ,*ri/um qui jam tunc et adloqui 444 humanum g5us ediscebat 9 c>nis habitu3 cp4 adv4 ,prax4 xvi4 ediscebat ,deus 9 t]ris cum hom9ibus conv]s>i4 #afj ,s4 ,matt4 xi4 #d1 #e2 xii4 #ci2 xvi4 #c4 #afa ,hdt4 i4 #adb4 #afb ,clem4 ,alex4 ,protrept4 cx4 init4 #afc #a ,cor4 i4 #ba4 #afd ,wordswor?1 ,excursion iv4 #afe 7,epicurean73 4 #aff ,! words 'era ( ,*ri/ianity' are us$ int5tionally r ?an ! m precise 'era ( ,*ri/1' because any?+ :i* 7)\t be+ influ5c$ unless 9 ! mo/ impalpable way by ,*ri/ianity7 prep>$ ! _w ?r\gh ! fir/ & ev5 ! second c5tury ( ! era to receive ! ,gospel may be fairly includ$ z prep>ation = ! revelation ( ,*ri/4 #afg ,capes1 ,age ( ,anton9es4 #afh ,philosophy ( ! ,greeks3 ,eclectics1 p4 #bj 7tr4 ,alleyne74 #afi ,gospel ( ! ,resurrection 7#crd ed471 p4 #gb4 ,x is int]e/+ to notice t accord+ to s dispassionate an obs]v] z ,m4 ,ga/on ,boissi] 7,la ,religion ,roma9e d',augu/e aux ,anton9s71 :o has done s mu* to trace ! bett] t5d5cies ( ! ,imp]ial p]iod1 ! evid5ce sugge/s "s su* di/9ction1 ev5 z reg>ds "s ( ! ma9 practical results ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,= example1 !re 0 a t5d5cy to ameliorate slav]y on pr9ciples ( g5]al humanity1 b !re 0 no h9t ( a possibility ( an end to slav]y4 ,!re 7 "s signs ( mutual int]e/ betwe5 classes1 b no progress t[>ds ! effective appe>ance ( a true philan?ropy su* z ! ,*ri/ian4 ,9 su* cases1 h[ev]1 ! validity ( ! di/9ctions mu/ be debatable & fluctuat+4 ,x is absolute z reg>ds ! ,inc>nation4 #agj ,bk4 ,v4 c4 xi4 ,! ,new ,mon>*y4 #aga ,ed]%eim's ,life & ,times ( ,jesus ! ,messiah3 ,s*r]1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,jewi% ,p 9 ! "t ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 #agb ,s*r]1 ,,ii4 ii4 #bgc4 #agc ,s*r]1 ,,ii4 ii4 #big4 #agd ,tac4 ,hi/4 v4 #d4 #age ,s*r]1 ,,ii4 ii4 #cjh4 #agf ,acts xvii4 #e1 xiv4 #e1 xiii4 #ej1 #dd4 #agg ,acts xiii4 #dc1 c4 #agh ,acts xv4 #ba4 #agi ,isaiah xxxvi4 #ah4 #ahj ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahhb1 p4 #bca4 #aha ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,april1 #ahhf4 #ahb ,isaiah x4 #ae2 xi4 #a2 ,zeph4 iii4 #ab4 #ahc ,hosea xi4 #a4 #ahd ,amos ix4 #g4 #ahe ,ezekiel xvi4 #c4 #ahf ,x is int]e/+ to note t1 accord+ to ! record pres]v$ by ,israel ( _! own hi/ory1 t :i* ,ku55 says ( lat] "t1--t 'at ea* turn+-po9t ( ! hi/ory /&s a man :o claims to br+ a ^w f ,god4'--is exactly true ( ! old] hi/ory too2 ,abraham1 ,moses1 ,samuel1 ,david1 are all 9 ?is s5se prophets4 ,yet !re is no appe>ance ( a lat] age =m+ a pa/ 9 its own lik5ess4 ,! prophets d n imag9e an e>li] r[ ( prophets l !mselves1 put 9 l ! portraits ( ! e>ly ,scotti% k+s at ,holyrood1 to fill ! blanks ( hi/ory4 ,! e>ly figures are n cut to prophetic patt]n2 !y h ea* _! di/9ct individuality ( "* & (fice1 only !y h a unity ( ,div9e commission & s]vice4 #ahg ,p5ses1 ii1 #g #b4 #ahh ,s4 ,matt4 xii #de4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! words 7 spok5 ( '?is wick$ g5]ation4' #ahi #a ,cor4 i4 #bb4 #aij ,s4 ,john iv4 #be4 #aia ,s4 ,luke xvii4 #bj4 #aib ,s4 ,matt4 xii4 #ch2 ,s4 ,john vi4 #cj1 #ca1 9 ea* case foll[+ "s ( our ,"l's own signs4 #aic ,?is comes be=e u vividly 9 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr's acc\nt ( 8 own conv]sion4 ,dial4 c4 ,tryph4 #c ff4 ',?us & = ?is reason ,i am a philosoph]4' #aid ,s4 ,matt4 xvi4 #af4 ,v4 ,,! ,,inc>nation ,,& ,,developm5t4 ,j4 ,r4 ,,ill+wor?4 ,i4 ,! la/ few ye>s h witness$ ! gradual acceptance by ,*ri/ian ?9k]s ( ! great sci5tific g5]alization ( our age1 :i* is briefly1 if some:at vaguely1 describ$ z ! ,!ory ( ,evolution4 ,hi/ory has repeat$ itself1 & ano!r ( ! 'oppositions ( sci5ce' to !ology has prov$ ^u inquiry to be no opposition at all4 ,su* oppositions & reconciliations are old] ?an ,*ri/ianity1 & are "p ( :at is (t5 call$ ! dialectical movem5t2 ! movem5t1 t is to say1 by "q & answ]1 out ( :i* all progress comes4 ,b ! result ( su* a process is some?+ m ?an ! m]e repetition ( a twice-told tale4 ,x is an advance 9 our !ological ?9k+2 a def9ite increase ( insight2 a fre% & full] appreciation ( ^? '_m ways' 9 :i* ',god fulfils ,himself4' ,= great sci5tific discov]ies1 l ! helioc5tric a/ronomy1 are n m]ely new facts to be assimilat$2 !y involve new ways ( look+ at ?+s4 ,& ?is has be5 pre-em95tly ! case ) ! law ( evolution2 :i*1 once obs]v$1 has rapidly ext5d$ to e dep>tm5t ( ?\ght & hi/ory1 & alt]$ our attitude t[>ds all k4 ,organisms1 nations1 languages1 in/itutions1 cu/oms1 cre$s1 h all come to be reg>d$ 9 ! light ( _! developm5t1 & we feel t to und]/& :at a ?+ really is1 we mu/ exam9e h[ x came to be4 ,evolution is 9 ! air4 ,x is ! category ( ! age2 a 'p>tus temporis'2 a necess>y consequ5ce ( our wid] field ( comp>ison4 ,we _c place ourselves outside x1 or limit ! scope ( its op]ation4 ,& our religi\s op9ions1 l all ?+s else t h come d[n on ! curr5t ( developm5t1 mu/ ju/ify _! exi/5ce by an appeal to ! pa/4 ,x is ! object ( ! foll[+ pages to consid] :at popul> misconceptions ( ! c5tral doctr9e ( our religion1 ! ,inc>nation1 h be5 rem$i$2 :at m or less =gott5 aspects ( x h be5 re/or$ to _! due place2 :at new lights h be5 ?r[n ^u ! fulness ( its mean+1 9 ! c\rse ( our discussion ( ! v>i\s views ( evolution4 ,9 face ( ! hi/orical _s ( ! age1 ! /udy ( pa/ !ology c nev] aga9 be reg>d$ z m]ely a piece ( religi\s antiqu>ianism4 ,& !re are two classes ( m9d to :i* x %\ld be ( especial s]vice4 ,_m an e>ne/ work] 9 ! ,*ri/ian cause1 consci\s h[ little ! ref9em5ts ( philosophy c influ5ce = good or evil ! majority ( m51 & g5]\sly impati5t ( all lab\r wa/$1 :5 ! lab\r]s are s few1 is apt to "u-e/imate :at he consid]s ! less practical dep>tm5ts ( !ology2 =getful t !re are s\ls1 & ^? among ! noble/1 to :om ! prim>y av5ue ( access is ! intellect1 & :o c only be l$ homew>d by ! illum9ative way4 ,! ,*ri/ian ( ?is type may be mat]ially help$ t[>ds welcom+ wid] views1 by be+ conv9c$ t :at he has be5 too easily apt to reg>d z metaphysical subtleties1 or z dang]\s innovations1 or z que/ionable accommodations ( ! ,gospel to ! exig5cies ( pass+ controv]sy1 are aft] all an integral "p ( ! great ,ca?olic tradition4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m plausible attacks ^u ! ,*ri/ian cre$ are due to ! inadequate me?ods ( its pr(ess$ int]pret]s4 ,fragm5ts ( doctr9e1 torn f _! context & depriv$ ( _! due proportions1 are br&i%$ 9 ! eyes ( m5 by well-mean+ b ignorant apologi/s z conta9+ ! sum total ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 ) ! lam5table consequ5ce t ev5 e>ne/ seek]s aft] tru?1 & mu* m its une>ne/ & m]ely facti\s adv]s>ies1 mislead !mselves & o!rs into ?9k+ ,*ri/ianity discr$it$1 :5 9 reality !y h all along be5 only criticis+ its c>icature4 ,su* m5 ne$ rem9d+ t ,*ri/ianity is great] ?an its isolat$ int]pret]s or mis9t]pret]s 9 any age2 t 9 ! c\rse ( its long hi/ory x has accumulat$ answ]s to _m an objection :i* !y 9 _! ignorance ?9k new2 & t1 9 ! confid5ce ( its univ]sal mission & ! memory ( its _m victories1 x /ill claims to be sympa!tic1 adequate1 adaptable to ! problems & p]plexities ( ea* successive age4 ,! g5]al t5d5cy ( ?\ght s9ce ! ,re=mation has be5 9 ! direction ( ^! p>tial pres5tations ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,re=m]s1 f v>i\s causes1 7 s occupi$ ) :at is n[ call$ ,sot]iology1 or ! s*eme ( salvation1 t !y paid b scant att5tion to ! o!r aspects ( ! ,gospel4 ,& ! consequ5ce 0 t a :ole side ( ! great ,*ri/ian tradition1 & "o on :i* _m ( its greate/ ?9k]s _h lavi%$ ! lab\rs ( a lifetime1 0 all[$ almo/ unconsci\sly to lapse into comp>ative oblivion2 & ! religion ( ! ,inc>nation 0 n>r[$ into ! religion ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,m5's views ( ! fai? dw9dl$ & became subjective & self-reg>d+1 :ile ! gulf 0 daily wid5$ betwe5 ?+s sacr$ & ?+s secul>2 among :i* latt]1 art & sci5ce1 & ! :ole political & social ord]1 gradually came to be class$4 ,f> o!rwise 0 x ) ! great ?9k]s ( ! e>ly ,*ur*2 & t n f an "u-e/imate ( ! sav+ p[] ( ! ,cross1 :i* 0 be>+ daily fruit ar\nd !m1 ( p5it5ce1 & sanctity1 & m>tyrdom2 b f _! reg>d+ ,*ri/ian salvation 9 its context4 ,!y realiz$ t r$emption 0 a means to an end1 & t end ! reconsecration ( ! :ole univ]se to ,god4 ,& s ! v complet5ess ( _! grasp on ! ,atonem5t l$ !m to dwell ^u ! cosmical significance ( ! ,inc>nation1 its purpose to 'ga!r toge!r all ?+s 9 "o4' ,= x 0 an age 9 :i* ! problems ( ! univ]se 7 ke5ly felt4 ,philosophical ?9k+1 if less mature1 0 n less exub]ant ?an n[1 & _h already a great pa/ beh9d x4 ,& ! natural _w1 ?\gh its /ructural secrets 7 little und]/ood1 fasc9at$ ! imag9ation & /ra9$ ! he>t ) its appeal+ beauty4 ,spiritualism1 sup]/ition1 scepticism1 7 tri$ 9 turn b c\ld n satisfy4 ,! que/ion+s ( ! intellect /ill press$ = a solution4 ,& ! s\ls ( ,*ri/ians 7 /irr$ to proclaim t ! new p[] :i* !y felt )9 !m1 re/or+1 quick5+1 h>moniz+ ! :ole ( _! inn] life1 w\ld also prove ! key to all ^! my/]ies ( matt] & ( m9d4 ,s x 0 t ! !ology ( ! ,inc>nation 0 gradually drawn out1 f ! tea*+ ( ,s4 ,paul & ( ,s4 ,john4 ,! id5tity ( ,him ,:o 0 made man & dwelt among u1 ) ,him by ,:om all ?+s 7 made & by ,:om all ?+s consi/2 ,8 et]nal pre-exi/5ce z ! reason & ! ^w ( ,god1 ! ,logos2 ,8 indwell+ pres5ce 9 ! univ]se z ! s\rce & condition ( all its life1 & 9 man z ! light ( ,8 intellectual be+2 ,8 ,resurrection1 ,8 ,asc5sion1--all ^! ?\ghts 7 wov5 into "o magnific5t picture1 :]e9 creation 0 view$ z ! embodim5t ( ! ,div9e ideas1 & !re=e ! revelation ( ! ,div9e "*2 manife/+ its ,mak] ) increas+ cle>ness at ea* successive /age 9 ! great scale ( be+1 till 9 ! fulness ( "t ,he ,himself became man1 & !reby lift$ human nature1 & ) x ! mat]ial univ]se to :i* man is s intimately l9k$2 & triumph+ ov] ! s9 & dea? "u :i* creation groan$ & travail$1 op5$ by ,8 ,resurrection & !n by ,8 ,asc5sion vi/as ( ! glori\s de/9y purpos$ = ,8 creatures be=e ! _w 04 ',factus e/ quod sumus nos1 uti nos p]fic]et esse quod e/ ipse#aie4' ,su* is ! view ( ! ,inc>nation 9 :at may be call$ its intellectual aspect1 :i* we f9d gradually express$ ) increas+ cle>ness by ! ,fa!rs1 f ,ju/9 to ,a?anasius4 ,& ) all its deep sugge/iv5ess1 x is /ill a sev]ely simple picture1 drawn 9 b few outl9es1 & ^? /rictly scriptural4 ,x 0 born ( no ab/ract love ( metaphysic1 & /&s 9 /rik+ contra/ to ! wild speculations ( ! "t4 ,its motive & its me?od 7 bo? int5sely practical2 its motive be+ to pres5t ,*ri/ianity to ! m9d z well z to ! he>t2 & its me?od no m ?an to connect & int]pret & expla9 ! def9ite /atem5ts ( ,s4 ,paul & ,s4 ,john4 ,pass+ ov] ! d>k ages1 :5 ?\ght 0 9 comp>ative abeyance1 & ! en]gies ( ! ,*ur* absorb$ 9 ! "w ( conv]sion & organization1 we come1 9 ! twelf? & foll[+ c5turies1 to a second p]iod ( intellectual f]m5t1 less brilliant ?an t :i* *>act]iz$ ! decad5ce ( ! old civilization1 b in/9ct ) all ! fire & re/lessness ( y\?4 ,unsob]$ z yet by exp]i5ce1 & unsuppli$ ) adequate mat]ial f )\t1 ?\ght prey$ ^u itself & revell$ 9 its new-f\nd p[]s ( speculation4 ,fragm5ts ( ! v>i\s h]esies :i* ! ,fa!rs _h answ]$ & outliv$ reappe>$ ) all ! halo ( novelty ar\nd !m4 ,religions 7 crudely comp>$ & sceptical inf]5ces drawn4 ,popul> unbelief1 *eck$ 9 a measure by au?ority1 av5g$ itself by ridicule ( all ?+s sacr$4 ,x 0 a p]iod ( int5se intellectual unre/1 too _m-sid$ & inconsequ5t to be easily describ$4 ,b z f> z ! anti-,*ri/ian influ5ces ( ! "t c be summ>iz$ !y 7 ma9ly two3--! ,arabic pan!ism1 & ! mat]ialism :i* 0 fo/]$ 9 ! m$ical s*ools2 k9dr$ errors1 bo? conc]n$ ) an undue e/imate ( matt]4 ,& h[ did ,*ri/ian !ology meet !m8 ,n by lay+ /ress1 l ! lat] ,dei/s1 ^u ,god's inf9ite di/ance f ! _w1 b ^u ! clos5ess ( ,8 intimacy ) x3 by reviv+1 t is1 ) increas$ emphasis ! ,patri/ic doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation1 z ! climax & ! key/one ( ! :ole visible creation4 ,!re is a great] div]g5ce ( op9ion1 p]haps1 among ! ,s*oolm5 ?an among ! ,fa!rs2 & a f> great] am\nt ( t unpr(itable subtlety = :i* !y are apt to be some:at too un9tellig5tly ridicul$4 ,b on ! po9t be=e u1 z on all o!rs ( prim>y importance1 !y are sub/antially unanim\s1 & nev] fail 9 dignity4 ',z ! ?\ght ( ! ,div9e m9d is call$ ! ,^w1 ,:o is ! ,son1 s ! unfold+ ( t ?\ght 9 ext]nal action 7p] op]a ext]iora7 is nam$ ! ^w ( ! ,^w#aif4' ',! :ole _w is a k9d ( bodily & visible ,gospel ( t ,^w by :i* x 0 creat$#aig4' ',e creature is a !ophany#aih4' ',e creature is a ,div9e ^w1 = x tells ( ,god#aii4' ',! wisdom ( ,god1 :5 fir/ x issu$ 9 creation1 came n to u nak$1 b clo!d 9 ! app>el ( creat$ ?+s4 ,& !n :5 ! same wisdom w\ld manife/ ,himself to u z ! ,son ( ,god1 & s 0 se5 ( m5#bjj4' ',! ,inc>nation is ! exaltation ( human nature & consummation ( ! ,univ]se#bja4' ,su* quotations might be multipli$ indef9itely f ! pages ( ! ,s*oolm5 & s*ola/ic !ologians4 ,& ! l9e ( ?\ght :i* !y indicate seems to lead u by a natural sequ5ce to view ! ,inc>nation z be+ ! pr$e/9$ climax ( creation1 indep5d5tly ( human s94 ,! ?\ght is ( c\rse a m]e speculation1 'beyond t :i* is writt51' b f its fir/ appe>ance 9 ! twelf? c5tury x has be5 reg>d$ ) increas+ fav\r2 = x is full ( ri* sugge/iv5ess1 & seems to ?r[ a deep] mean+ into all our inve/igations ( ! _w's gradual developm5t4 ,aga91 f ! relation ( ! ,^w to ! univ]se foll[s ,8 relation to ! human m9d4 ,= 't life 0 ! light ( m54' ',! creat$ intellect is ! imp>t$ lik5ess ( ,god1' says ,s4 ,?omas2 & aga91 ',e intellectual process has its orig9 9 ! ,^w ( ,god ,:o is ! ,div9e ,reason4' ',! light ( intellect is impr9t$ ^u u by ,god ,himself 7imm$iate a ,deo74' ',god cont9ually works 9 ! m9d1 z be+ bo? ! cause & ! guide ( its natural light4' ',9 e object ( s5sitive or rational exp]i5ce ,god ,himself lies hid#bjb4' ,all intellig5ces "k ,god implicitly1 9 e object ( _! k#bjc4' ',*ri/ is our int]nal tea*]1 & no tru? ( any k9d is kn[n b ?r\gh ,him2 ?\gh ,he speaks n 9 language z we d1 b by int]ior illum9ation#bjd4' ',! philosoph]s h taught u ! sci5ces1 = ,god reveal$ !m to !m#bje4' ,,ii4 ,! po9t to be notic$ 9 ! tea*+ ( :i* su* passages are scatt]$ samples1 is t ! ,s*oolm5 & or?odox my/ics ( ! middle age1 ) ,pan!ism1 mat]ialism1 rationalism surg+ all ar\nd !m1 & p]fectly consci\s ( ! fact1 met ^! errors1 n by d5y+ ! reality ( matt]1 or ! capacity ( reason1 z lat] apologi/s h (t5 done1 b by claim+ = bo? a place 9 ! ,!ology ( ! ,^w4 ,& ?is ,!ology ( ! ,^w 01 9 reality1 q indep5d5t (1 & unaffect$ by1 ! subtleties & fallacies & false op9ions ( ! age1 cobwebs ( ! unfurni%$ intellect :i* "t has swept away4 ,x 0 a magnific5t framework1 outside & above ! limit$ k ( ! day & ! peculi>ities ( individual ?9k]s2 an inh]itance f ! ,patri/ic tradition1 :i* ! ,fa!rs1 9 _! turn1 _h n inv5t$1 b receiv$ z ,apo/olic doctr9e f ,apo/olic m51 & only made m explicit by gradual def9ition1 dur+ c5turies :51 x has be5 fairly said1 '! highe/ reason1 z indep5d5tly ex]cis$ by ! wise ( ! _w1 0 entirely co9cid5t ) ! highe/ reason z inspir+ ! ,*ur*#bjf4' ,we h n[ to consid] :e!r ?is view ( ! ,inc>nation1 :i*1 ?\gh 9 ! c\ntries mo/ influ5c$ by ! ,re=mation x has dropp$ too mu* out ( sight1 has yet nev] really di$ out ( ! ,*ur* at l>ge1 is 9 any way incompatible ) ! results ( mod]n sci5ce2 or :e!r1 on ! contr>y1 x does n provide an outl9e to :i* sci5ce is sl[ly b surely giv+ reality & cont5t4 ,& at ! outset we mu/ be> 9 m9d "o tru? :i* is n[ recognis$ on all sides z f9al--viz4 t ! f9ite intellect _c transc5d ! conditions ( f9itude1 & _c !re=e rea*1 or ev5 conceive itself z rea*+1 an absolute1 or1 9 ,kantian phraseology1 a speculative k ( ! beg9n+ ( ?+s4 ,:atev] /rides sci5ce may make 9 "t to come t[>ds decompos+ atoms & =ces into simpl] & yet simpl] elem5ts1 ^? elem5ts w /ill h issu$ f a secret laboratory into :i* sci5ce _c ent]1 & ! human m9d w be z f> z ev] f kn[+ :at !y really are4 ,fur!r1 ?is initial limitation mu/ ( necessity qualify our k 9 its e /age4 ,if we _c "k ! secret ( ! elem5ts 9 _! simplicity1 nei!r c we "k ! secret ( _! successive comb9ations4 ,be=e ! beg9n+ ( our pres5t sy/em1 & beh9d ! :ole c\rse ( its cont9u\s developm5t1 !re is a va/ region ( possibility1 :i* lies :olly & = ev] beyond ! p[] ( sci5ce to affirm or to d5y4 ,x is 9 ?is region t ,*ri/ian !ology claims to h its roots1 & ( ?is region t x pr(esses to give its adh]5ts c]titude1 "u conditions & by me?ods ( its own4 ,& ( ^? conditions & me?ods x fe>lessly ass]ts t !y are n[ise inconsi/5t ) any asc]ta9$ or asc]ta9able result ( secul> philosophy4 ,z reg>ds ! orig9 ( ?+s1 ?is is obvi\s4 ,sci5ce may resolve ! complicat$ life ( ! mat]ial univ]se into a few elem5t>y =ces1 light & heat & electricity1 & ^! p]haps into modifications ( "s /ill simpl] en]gy2 b ( ! orig9 ( en]gy 7 7 x kn[s no m ?an did ! ,greeks ( old4 ,!ology ass]ts t 9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & 9 ,him 0 life1 ! life ( all ?+s creat$3 9 o!r words1 t ,he is ! s\rce ( all t en]gy1 ^: p]si/5t1 irresi/ible v]satility ( action is = ev] at "w m\ld+ & clo?+ & peopl+ worlds4 ,! two conceptions are complem5t>y1 & _c contradict ea* o!r4 ,b to pass f ! orig9 to ! developm5t ( ?+s3 ! new way ( look+ at nature 0 ?\ght at fir/ bo? by its adh]5ts & oppon5ts alike to be inimical to ! doctr9e ( f9al causes4 ,& "h 0 a direct issue jo9$ ) ,!ology at once3 = ! pres5ce ( f9al causes or design 9 ! univ]se has n only be5 9 all ages "o ( ! /ronge/ supports = natural religion2 x is conta9$ 9 ! v notion ( a rational creation1 a creation by an ,et]nal ,reason4 ,& ?is 0 suppos$ to be directly negativ$ by ! doctr9e ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ ?r\gh natural selection3 = if ( a ?\s& =ms1 :i* came by *ance into exi/5ce1 ! "o :i* happ5$ to correspond be/ ) its environm5t surviv$1 :ile ! rema9d] disappe>$1 ! adaptation ( ! survivor to its circum/ances w\ld h all ! appe>ance ( design1 :ile 9 reality due to accid5t4 ,if1 !re=e1 ?is pr9ciple act$ exclusively ?r\gh\t ! univ]se1 ! result w\ld be a semblance ( design )\t any ( its reality1 f :i* no !ological inf]5ce c\ld be drawn4 ,b ?is consequ5ce ( natural selection obvi\sly dep5ds ^u ! exclusiv5ess ( its action4 ,if x is only "o factor among _m 9 ! _w's developm5t2 :ile !re are in/ances ( adaptation 9 nature1 & ^? ! m num]\s1 = :i* x fails to acc\nt1 :at has be5 call$ its dy/eleological significance is at an end4 ,n[ its own au?or soon saw & admitt$ ! inadequacy ( ! !ory ( natural selection1 ev5 9 biology1 ! field ( its fir/ obs]vation1 to acc\nt = all ! facts3 :ile c\ntless ph5om5a 9 o!r regions1 su* z ! me*anical pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! /ructure ( ! univ]se1 ! laws ( cry/allography & *emical comb9ation1 ! beauty ( nature tak5 9 connection ) its effect ^u ! m9d1 irresi/ibly sugge/ design1 & r5d] ! alt]native hypo!sis1 f its m]e ma!matical improbability1 almo/ inconceivable4 ,& !re is n[1 !re=e1 a g5]al disposition to admit t ! =ce ( ?is p>ticul> attack ^u ! doctr9e ( f9al causes has be5 consid]ably ov]/at$4 ,b 9 ! c\rse ( its discussion an important diff]5ce has be5 br\ght to light betwe5 ext]nal & int]nal purposes or ends4 ,! k9d ( design 9 nature :i* fir/ arre/$ e>ly ?9k]s 0 its usefulness to man4 ,ev5 9 sc5]y1 x has be5 sugge/$1 !y saw ! utility be=e ! beauty4 ,& s !y came to look ^u all natural ph5om5a z hav+ = _! f9al cause ! good ( man2 & ! _w z a ma*9e1 a contrivance ( :i* ! p>ts h no value except z contribut+ to ! "w ( ! :ole1 & ! :ole exi/s only to produce a result outside & indep5d5t ( itself1 an ext]nal end1 z if corn %\ld exi/ solely to provide food = man4 ,?is 0 n an untrue conception2 a %all[ ?+ to say ( ! reason = :i* ,socrates believ$ 9 ,god2 b x 0 p>tial & inadequate1 z ,bacon & ,sp9oza %ew$4 ,& we h n[ come to reg>d ! _w n z a ma*9e1 b z an organism1 a sy/em 9 :i*1 :ile ! p>ts contribute to ! gr[? ( ! :ole1 ! :ole also reacts ^u ! developm5t ( ! p>ts2 & ^: prim>y purpose is its own p]fection1 some?+ t is conta9$ )9 & n outside itself1 an int]nal end3 :ile 9 _! turn ! myriad p>ts ( ?is univ]sal organism are also less] organisms1 ends 9 & = !mselves1 pursu+ ea* its lonely ideal ( individual complet5ess4 ,n[ :5 we look at nature 9 ?is way1 & wat* ! complex & subtle processes by :i* a cry/al1 a leaf1 a lily1 a mo?1 a bird1 a /> realize _! respective ideals ) undi/urb$1 unfail+ accuracy1 we _c help attribut+ !m to an intellig5t ,creator4 ,b :5 we fur!r f9d t 9 ! v c\rse ( pursu+ _! prim>y ends1 & becom+ p]fect aft] _! k9d1 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! univ]se d 9 fact also become means1 & ) inf9ite +5uity ( correspond5ce & adaptation1 subs]ve n only "o b a ?\s& second>y ends1 l9k+ & weav+ !mselves toge!r by _! mutual m9i/ration into an ord]ly1 h>moni\s1 complicat$ :ole1 ! signs ( intellig5ce gr[ cle>] /ill4 ,& :51 beyond all ?is1 we discov] ! quality ( beauty 9 e mom5t & situation ( ?is complex life2 ! drop ( wat] t circulates f sea to cl\d1 & cl\d to e>?1 & e>? to plant1 & plant to life-blood1 %9+ ! :ile ) /range spiritual significance 9 ! sunset & ! ra9b[ & ! dewdrop & ! te>2 ! univ]sal pres5ce ( ?is attribute1 s uness5tial to ! c\rse ( nature1 b s inf9itely p[]ful 9 its appeal to ! human m9d1 is reasonably urg$ z a cr[n+ pro( ( purposeful design4 ,! treatm5t :i* ^! v>i\s aspects ( teleology h receiv$1 dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 may be fairly call$ exhau/ive3 & ! result ( all ! sift+ controv]sy has be5 to place ! evid5ce = design 9 nature on a /rong] base ?an ev]3 p>tly because we feel t we h fac$ ! utmo/ t c be urg$ aga9/ x2 p>tly because1 "u sci5tific guidance1 we h acquir$ a m real1 z di/9ct f a m]ely notional appreh5sion ( ! manifold adaptations ( /ructure to function1 :i* ! univ]se pres5ts2 & ^! adaptations & correspond5ces1 :5 grasp$ 9 _! inf9ite multiplicity1 furni% u ) a f> wor?i] & gr&] view ( teleology ?an ! me*anical !ory ( e>li] days4 ,all ?is is 9 p]fect h>mony ) our ,*ri/ian cre$1 t all ?+s 7 made by ! ,et]nal ,reason2 b m ?an ?is1 x illu/rates & is illu/rat$ by ! fur!r doctr9e ( ,8 indwell+ pres5ce 9 ! ?+s ( ,8 creation2 r5d]+ ea* ( !m at once a revelation & a prophecy1 a ?+ ( beauty & f9i%$ workman%ip1 wor?y to exi/ = its own sake1 & yet a /ep to high] purposes1 an in/rum5t = gr&] "w4 ,god ta/es an inf9ite joy ,9 inf9ite ways--"o ev]la/+ bliss1 ,f :om all be+ emanates1 all p[] ,proce$s3 9 :om is life = ev]more1 ,yet :om exi/5ce 9 its l[e/ =m ,includes2 :]e dwells enjoym5t1 !re is ,he3 ,) /ill a fly+ po9t ( bliss remote1 ,a happ9ess 9 /ore af>1 a sph]e ,( di/ant glory 9 full view4 ,& sci5ce has done u good s]vice 9 recall+ ?is doctr9e to m9d4 ,= x has a religi\s z well z a !ological importance1 con/itut+1 z x does1 ! elem5t ( tru? 9 t high] ,pan!ism :i* is s common 9 ! pres5t day4 ,:e!r ! t]m high] ,pan!ism is happily *os5 or n1 ! ?+ :i* x d5otes is q di/9ct f ,pan!ism prop]1 ) its logical d5ial ( human p]sonality & fre$om4 ,x is ! "n ( an emotion r ?an a cre$2 t indescribable my/ic emotion :i* ! poet1 ! arti/1 ! man ( sci5ce1 & all _! k9dr$ feel 9 contemplat+ ! beauty or ! wond] ( ! _w4 ,vague z x is1 & indef9ite1 ?is s5tim5t is /ill "o ( ! /ronge/ ( :i* our nature is susceptible1 & %\ld be recognis$1 z an integral elem5t 9 all true religion4 ,yet = want ( su* recognition on ! "p ( ,*ri/ians x is (t5 all[$ to gravitate ne>] & ne>] to pure ,pan!ism1 ) :i* x has1 9 reality1 no ess5tial aff9ity4 ,we _c !re=e ov]-e/imate ! importance ( re/or+ to its due place 9 !ology ! doctr9e ( ! ,div9e imman5ce 9 nature1 to :i* ?is s5tim5t is ! in/9ctive witness4 ,fa!rs1 s*oolm51 my/ics1 :o 7 q z alive to any dang] ( ,pan!ism z ourselves1 yet a/oni% u by ! boldness ( _! language ^u ?is po9t2 & we ne$ n fe> to transgress ! limits ( ! ,*ri/ian tradition 9 say+ t ! physical imman5ce ( ,god ! ,^w 9 ,8 creation c h>dly be ov]/at$1 z long z ,8 moral transc5d5ce ( x is also kept 9 view4 ',god dwelle? )9 all ?+s1 & )\t all ?+s1 above all ?+s & b5ea? all ?+s#bjg1' says ,s4 ,gregory ! ,great4 ',! imm$iate op]ation ( ! ,creator is clos] to ev]y?+ ?an ! op]ation ( any second>y cause1' says ,s4 ,?omas#bjh4 ,& ,cornelius a ,lapide1 aft] comp>+ our dep5d5ce ^u ,god to t ( a ray on ! sun1 an embryo on ! womb1 a bird on ! air1 concludes ) ! words1 ',see+ !n t we are ?us unit$ to ,god physically1 we ought also to be unit$ to ,him morally#bji4' ,"h are ?ree typical !ologians1 9 ?ree diff]5t ages1 n "o ( !m a my/ic ev51 us+ z ! language ( sob] !ology words e :it z /rong z any ( ! fam\s ,pan!i/ic passages 9 our mod]n lit]ature2 & yet :5 met ) 9 t lit]ature !y are commonly reg>d$ z pleas+ expressions ( poetic dreams1 v f> away f1 if n ev5 inconsi/5t ) :at is ?\ght to be dogmatic ,*ri/ianity4 ,to sum up !n1 ! reop5+ ( ! teleological "q has n only l$ to its full] & m f9al answ]1 b has incid5tally contribut$ to revive among u an important aspect ( ! ,!ology ( ! ,^w4 ,! next po9t ^u :i* ! !ory ( evolution came 9 contact ) receiv$ op9ion1 0 its acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( man4 ,man1 x 0 ma9ta9$1 9 c]ta9 qu>t]s1 0 only ! late/ & mo/ complex product ( a purely mat]ial process ( developm5t4 ,8 reason1 ) all its functions ( imag9ation1 consci5ce1 w1 0 only a result ( 8 s5sibility1 & t ( 8 n]v\s tissue1 & t aga9 ( matt] less & less f9ely organiz$1 till at la/ a primitive protoplasm 0 rea*$2 :ile :at _h be5 call$ 8 fall 0 9 reality 8 rise1 be+ due to ! fact t ) ! bir? ( reason came self-consci\sness2 or ! feel+ ( a di/9ction betwe5 self & ! out] _w1 rip5+ into a s5se1 & /rictly speak+ an illusory s5se ( discord betwe5 ! two4 ,!ologians fir/ ?\ght x necess>y to conte/ e detail ( ?is developm5t1 beg9n+ ) ! antiquity ( man2 & "s are /ill incl9$ to intr5* !mselves 9 "o or two positions :i* !y ?9k impregnable1 su* z ! ess5tial diff]5ce 9 k9d betwe5 organiz$ & inorganic matt]1 or aga9 betwe5 animal in/9ct & ! self-consci\s reason ( man3 :ile o!rs are cont5t to assume a sceptical attitude & po9t to ! disagreem5t betwe5 ! m5 ( sci5ce !mselves1 z suffici5t evid5ce ( _! untru?4 ,b none ( ^! views are !ologically ne$$4 ,! fir/ is c]ta9ly1 ! second possibly uns\nd1 & ! ?ird1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 unk9d4 ,x is q true t ! evolution ( man is at pres5t no?+ m ?an an hypo!sis1 & an hypo!sis op5 to v grave sci5tific objections4 ,! attempts to analyse reason & consci5ce back into unconsci\s & unmoral elem5ts1 = all _! unque/ion$ +5uity1 are /ill f> f be+ conclusive2 & !n !re is ! geological admissibility ( ! "t :i* x w\ld require1 & t is /ill a matt] ( hopeless controv]sy betwe5 sci5tific exp]ts4 ,& ev5 if ^! & num]\s k9dr$ difficulties 7 to be remov$ 9 "t to come1 ! hypo!sis w\ld /ill be no ne>] demon/ration2 = ! only evid5ce we c possibly obta9 ( prehi/oric man is 8 h&iwork ( "o k9d or ano!r1 8 implem5ts or pictures1 ?+s imply+ ! use ( reason4 ,9 o!r words1 we c only prove 8 exi/5ce ?r\gh 8 rationality2 ?r\gh 8 hav+ be51 on ! po9t 9 "q1 id5tical 9 k9d ) :at n[ he is4 ,& susp5se ( judgm5t !re=e ^u ! :ole controv]sy is1 at pres5t1 ! only sci5tific /ate ( m9d4 ,b !re are facts ^u ! o!r side2 ! und\bt$ antiquity ( ! human race2 ! gradual gr[? :i* c be sci5tifically trac$1 9 our ?\ght & language & morality1 & !re=e1 to ! ext5t t functions react ^u _! faculties1 ev5 9 our consci5ce & our reason too2 & !n ! imm5se presumption f ! ga!r+ pro(s ( all o!r developm5t1 t man w be no exception to ! univ]sal law4 ,all ^! positive indications at lea/ sugge/ ! possibility t ! difficulties ( ! !ory may "o day vani%1 & its wide/ *asms close4 ,& we _c !re=e be too emphatic 9 ass]t+ t !ology w\ld h no?+ :atev] to fe> f su* a result4 ,:5 we see en]gy & atoms build+ up an h>moni\s ord]1 we feel !re is an inn] secret 9 ! en]gy & atoms1 :i* we _c hope to p5etrate by m]ely wat*+ !m at "w4 ,& s1 :5 we see human m9ds & wills weav+ a veil ov] ! univ]se1 ( ?\ght & love & hol9ess1 & are told t all ^! ?+s are b high] modes ( mat]ial nature1 we only feel t ! inn] secret ( mat]ial nature mu/ be yet m wond]ful ?an we suppos$4 ,b ?\gh our wond] may increase1 our difficulties w n4 ,if we believe1 z we h se5 t ,*ri/ian ,!ology has always believ$1 9 a ,div9e ,creator n only pres5t beh9d ! beg9n+ ( matt] b imman5t 9 its e phase1 & co-op]at+ ) its e ph5om5on1 ! me?od ( ,8 work+1 ?\gh full ( speculative int]e/1 w be ( no controv]sial importance4 ,"t 0 :5 ! diff]5t k9ds ( creat$ ?+s 7 ?\ght to be sev]$ by impassable b>ri]s4 ,b _m ( ^! b>ri]s h already giv5 way be=e sci5ce1 & species are se5 to be no m indep5d5t ?an ! individuals t compose !m4 ,if ! rema9+ b>ri]s betwe5 unreason & reason1 or betwe5 lifelessness & life %\ld 9 l mann] "o day vani%1 we %all ne$ to readju/ ! focus ( our spiritual eye to ! enl>g$ vision1 b no?+ m4 ,our ,creator w be kn[n to h work$ o!rwise inde$ ?an we _h ?\ght1 b 9 a way q z conceivable1 & to ! imag9ation m magnific5t4 ,& all is alike cov]$ by ! words ')\t ,him 0 n any?+ made t 0 made3 & 9 ,him 0 life4' ,9 fact ! evolution>y orig9 ( man is a f> less s]i\s "q ?an ! attack ^u f9al causes4 ,its biblical aspect has gr[n insignificant 9 proportion z we h le>n$ to reg>d ! ,hebrew cosmology 9 a true light4 ,& ! popul> outcry :i* x rais$ 0 l>gely due to s5tim5t1 & s5tim5t n altoge!r unt+$ by human pride4 ,we may pass on !re=e f ! evolution ( man & 8 m9d 9 g5]al1 to 8 v>i\s modes ( m5tal activity 9 sci5ce & philosophy & art4 ,"h ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e is tw(old3 fir/1 t all ! objects ( our ?\ght1 ma!matical relations1 sci5tific laws1 social sy/ems1 ideals ( art1 are ideas ( ! ,div9e ,wisdom1 ! ,logos1 writt5 ^u ! pages ( ! _w2 & secondly1 t our p[] ( read+ !m1 our ?9k+ faculty acts & only c act rightly by ,div9e assi/ance2 t ! same 'motion & p[] t impels' 'all objects ( all ?\ght' impels also 'all ?9k+ ?+s4' ,& bo? ^! /atem5ts are met by objection4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is urg$1 !re is no fixity 9 ! univ]se1 & x _c !re=e be ! embodim5t ( ,div9e ideas4 ,all ?+s live & move "u our eyes4 ,species be> no evid5ce ( hav+ be5 creat$ 9 _! complet5ess2 on ! contr>y !y are p]petually und]go+ transmutation1 & _c !re=e repres5t ideas1 _c h be5 creat$ on a plan4 ,= ideas1 9 proportion to _! p]fection1 mu/ be def9ite1 clean-cut1 cle>4 ,! answ] to ?is objection is conta9$ 9 :at has be5 already said ^u ! subject ( organic teleology4 ,b an analogy drawn f human ?9k+ may illu/rate x fur!r4 ,x is 9 reality ! ideas :i* our m9d has done )1 its dead ideas :i* are clean-cut & def9ite & fix$4 ,! ideas :i* at any mom5t g to =m our m5tal life are quick & active & full ( movem5t1 & melt into ea* o!r & are ev] develop+ anew4 ,a book is no soon] f9i%$ & done )1 ?an x /rikes its au?or z inadequate4 ,x becomes antiquat$ z soon z its ideas h be5 assimilat$ by ! public m9d4 ,& t because ! ?\ght ( au?or & public alike is alive1 & ev] mov+ onw>d2 incapable ( be+ *a9$ to any "o mode ( expression2 incapable ( be+ /]eotyp$4 ,! highe/ notion we c frame !re=e ( a m9d great] ?an our own is ( "o t has no dead ideas1 no ab/ract or antiquat$ =mulae1 b ^: :ole cont5t is entirely1 ess5tially alive4 ,& ! p]petual developm5t :i* we are le>n+ to trace ?r\gh\t ! univ]se ar\nd u w\ld be ! natural expression !re=e ( t ,logos ,:o is ! ,life4 ,b :5 we turn f ! objective to ! subjective side ( k1 we are met ) a second objection4 ,! doctr9e t ! ,div9e ,logos co-op]ates ) ! human reason1 is suppos$ to be inconsi/5t ) ! und\bt$ fact t _m e>ne/ & successful ?9k]s h be5 if n a!i/ic1 at lea/ agno/ic2 unable1 t is1 to atta9 to ! v k to :i*1 z x w\ld seem on ! ,*ri/ian hypo!sis1 all intellectual ef=t %\ld inevitably lead4 ,b ?is difficulty is only sup]ficial4 ,:5 we say t ! ,div9e reason assi/s1 we d n mean t x sup]s$es ! human4 ,an initiative /ill lies ) man2 & he mu/ *oose ( 8 own accord ! p>ticul> field ( 8 intellectual pursuit4 ,:5 he has *os5 8 l9e ( /udy1 & foll[$ x ) ! requisite devotion1 he w arrive at ! k9d ( tru? to :i* t p>ticul> /udy leads1 ! physici/ at laws ( nature1 ! philosoph] at laws ( ?\ght1 ! arti/ at ideal beauty1 ! morali/ at e?ical tru?3 & 9 ea* case1 z we believe1 by ,div9e assi/ance1 8 discov]ies be+ 9 fact revelations4 ,b ! me?od1 ! education1 ! exp]i5ce involv$ 9 diff]5t /udies are s di/9ct1 t few 9 a lifetime c rea* ! em95ce t tea*es ) au?ority1 or ev5 ! intellig5ce t ?or\ghly appreciates1 m ?an "o dep>tm5t ( ! complex _w ( ?\ght4 ,& if a man w&]s f 8 own prov9ce into unfamili> regions1 he naturally meets ) failure 9 proportion to 8 h>dihood4 ,9 ! case ( ! special sci5ces ?is is univ]sally recognis$4 ,no a/ronom] w\ld ?9k ( dogmatiz+ on a "q ( geology1 nor a biologi/ on ! details ( *emi/ry or physics4 ,b :5 x is a "q betwe5 sci5ce & philosophy1 ! rule is (t5 =gott52 & ! spectacle ( sci5tific speciali/s blund]+ ab\t 9 metaphysics is pa9fully common 9 ! pres5t day3 :ile /range to say1 9 ! case ( !ology ?is =getfulness rea*es a climax1 & m5 claim casually to h an op9ion ^u transc5d5t my/]ies1 )\t any ( ! prep>ation :i* !y w\ld be ! fir/ to decl>e ne$ful = success 9 ! smalle/ subsection ( any "o ( ! bran*es ( sci5ce4 ,nor is prep>ation all t is want$4 ,sci5ce is impossible )\t exp]im5t1 & exp]im5t is ! l[] analogue ( :at 9 religion is call$ exp]i5ce4 ,z exp]im5t alone gives c]ta9ty 9 ! "o case1 s does exp]i5ce alone 9 ! o!r4 ,& x is only ! man :o has und]gone su* exp]i5ce1 ) all its imp]ative dem&s ^u 8 :ole "* & life1 t c ju/ly expect satisfaction ( 8 religi\s d\bts & ne$s2 :ile only ^? :o1 l ,s4 ,paul or ,s4 ,augu/9e1 h exp]i5c$ x 9 an exceptional degree1 are entitl$ to speak ) au?ority ^u ! ?+s to :i* x leads4 ,"h aga9 a human analogy may help u4 ,= 9 /udy+ a human "* !re are diff]5t planes ^u :i* we may approa* x4 ,!re are ! ext]nal aspects ( ! man1 ! fa%ion ( 8 g>m5ts1 ! r\t9e ( 8 life1 ! regulation ( 8 "t1 8 (ficial habits2 all :i*1 x may be not$ 9 pass+1 9 ! case ( a great "*1 are uni=m1 n because !y 7 n once ! free creation ( 8 w1 b because he kn[s ! practical value ( uni=mity 9 all su* ?+s2 & all ^! ext]nals are op5 to ! obs]vation ev5 ( a /rang]4 ,!n !re are ! man's ?\ghts1 :i* may be )held or reveal$ at 8 pleasure2 & ^! c only be und]/ood by k9dr$ m9ds1 :o h be5 tra9$ to und]/& !m4 ,la/ly1 !re are 8 w & affections1 ! region ( 8 motives1 ! secret *amb] 9 :i* 8 real p]sonality resides2 & ^! are only kn[n to ^? intimate fri5ds & associates ^: intuition is quick5$ by ! sympa?y ( love4 ,n[ all ^! /ages are gone ?r\gh 9 ! =mation ( a fri5d%ip4 ,fir/ we are /ruck by a man's appe>ance1 & s l$ to li/5 to 8 conv]sation1 & !nce to make 8 acqua9tance1 & at la/ to become 8 fri5d4 ,& s ) ! k ( ,god4 ,! man ( sci5ce1 z su*1 c discov] ! uni=mities ( ,8 action 9 ext]nal nature4 ,! moral philosoph] w fur!r see t ^! actions 'make = righte\sness' & t !re is a moral law4 ,b x is only to ! spiritual ye>n+ ( our :ole p]sonality t ,he reveals ,himself z a p]son4 ,?is analogy w make ! ,*ri/ian position intelligible2 b = ,*ri/ians x is m ?an an analogy4 ,x is simply a /atem5t ( facts4 ,=1 to ,*ri/ians1 ! ,inc>nation is ! f9al sanction ( 'an?ropomorphism1' reveal+ ! ,et]nal ,^w z /rictly a ,p]son1 9 ! ord9>y s5se & ) all ! attributes :i* we commonly atta* to ! "n#baj4 ,consequ5tly1 ^u all ?is we are q consi/5t 9 ma9ta9+ t all great tea*]s ( :atev] k9d are vehicles ( revelation1 ea* 9 8 prop] sph]e1 & 9 accept+ _! v]ifi$ conclusions z ,div9ely true2 :ile we reject !m ! mom5t !y transgress _! limits1 z !reby convict$ ( uns\nd ?9k+1 & !re=e depriv$ ( ! ,div9e assi/ance :i* 0 ! secret ( _! previ\s success4 ,& ?\gh su* transgression may 9 _m cases involve a m9imum ( moral error1 !re are abundant in/ances 9 ! hi/ory ( ?\ght t x is n always s4 ,francis ,bacon1 & ! p5it5t1 p>don$ ,abel>d are typical1 9 diff]5t degrees1 ( a c\ntless multitude ( less] m54 ',= our k ( fir/ pr9ciples1' says ,s4 ,augu/9e1 'we h rec\rse to t inn] tru? t presides ov] ! m9d4 ,& t indwell+ tea*] ( ! m9d is ,*ri/1 ! *angeless virtue & et]nal wisdom ( ,god1 to :i* e rational s\l has rec\rse4 ,b s mu* only is reveal$ to ea* z 8 own good or evil w enables him to receive#baa4' ',nor is x ! fault ( ! ,^w1' adds ,s4 ,?omas1 't all m5 d n atta9 to ! k ( ! tru?1 b "s rema9 9 d>kness4 ,x is ! fault ( m5 :o d n turn to ! ,^w & s _c fully receive ,him4 ,:5ce !re is /ill m or less d>kness rema9+ among m51 9 proportion to ! less] or great] degree 9 :i* !y turn to ! ,^w & receive ,him4 ,& s ,john1 to preclude any ?\ght ( defici5cy 9 ! illum9at+ p[] ( ! ,^w1 aft] say+ t life 0 ! light ( m51 adds ! light %9e? 9 d>kness1 & ! d>kness compreh5d$ x n4 ,! d>kness is n because ! ,^w does n %9e1 b because "s d n receive ! light ( ! ,^w2 z :ile ! light ( ! mat]ial sun is %9+ ov] ! _w1 x is only d>k to ^? ^: eyes are clos$ or feeble#bab4' ,x has be5 necess>y to dwell ^u ?is doctr9e because x has an important be>+ ^u two fur!r que/ions1 :i* ! philosophy ( evolution has br\ght into new prom95ce1 ! relation ( ,*ri/ianity to previ\s philosophy & o!r religions4 ,x 0 ! fa%ion1 n long ago1 to give an undue value to ! "p play$ by environm5t or surr\nd+ circum/ances 9 ! creation ( *>act]s & in/itutions & cre$s1 to ! exclusion ( all elem5ts ( native orig9ality4 ,& ! attempt 0 made accord+ly1 9 v>i\s ways1 to repres5t ,*ri/ianity z ! natural product ( ! diff]5t religions & philosophies :i* 7 curr5t 9 ! _w at ! "t ( its appe>+4 ,b ! fur!r /udy ( evolution has qualifi$ ?is :ole mode ( ?\ght by ! way 9 :i*1 z we h se5 above1 x has l$ u to look at ?+s z organisms r ?an ma*9es4 ,a ma*9e has no int]nal pr9ciple ( unity4 ,its unity is impress$ ^u x f )\t4 ,& x may be grant$ !re=e1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t we might conceive a ma*9e or numb] ( ma*9es z =m$ l ! patt]ns 9 a caleidoscope by a happy co9cid5ce ( atoms2 & man1 if he 7 only a ma*9e1 z /rictly ! creature ( circum/ance4 ,b an organism is a diff]5t ?+4 ,dep5d5t z x is ^u its environm5t 9 an hundr$ v>i\s ways1 x is yet m dep5d5t ^u its own selective & assimilative capacity1 9 o!r words ^u its own individuality1 its self4 ,& s ! notions ( individuality1 orig9ality1 p]sonal id5tity h be5 re/or$ to _! place 9 ! _w ( ?\ght4 ,! old error l+]s on1 & is sometimes crudely re-ass]t$1 especially 9 its anti-,*ri/ian be>+2 b x has be5 discr$it$ by sci5ce1 & is 9 fact a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,& 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! attempt c no long] be plausibly made to acc\nt = ,*ri/ianity ap>t f ! p]sonality ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! my?ical !ories h _h _! day4 ,& x is recognis$ on all h&s t m]e aspiration c no m create a religion ?an appetite c create food4 ,a f\ndation ne$s a f\nd]4 ,b ! attack ?us div]t$ f our religion glances (f on our !ology4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion1 x is grant$1 0 f\nd$ by ,jesus ,*ri/2 b its !ological int]pretation is view$ z a mis9t]pretation1 a malign legacy f ! dy+ philosophies ( ,greece4 ,?is objection is z old z ! second c5tury1 & has be5 reviv$ at int]vals 9 v>i\s =ms1 & ) v>y+ degrees ( success4 ,mod]n hi/orical criticism has only =tifi$ x ) fre% in/ances4 ,b x has no =ce :atev] if we believe t ! ,div9e ,^w 0 = ev] work+ 9 ! _w 9 co-op]ation ) human reason2 inspir+ ! high] m9ds among ! ,jews ) _! ?ir/ = hol9ess1 & s mak+ ready = ! com+ ( ! ,holy ,"o 9 ,jewi% fle%3 b inspir+ ! ,greeks also ) _! intellectual eag]ness1 & prep>+ !m to recognise ,him z ! ,et]nal ,reason1 ! ,^w1 ! ,tru?2 & to def9e & def5d1 & demon/rate t ,tru? to ! out] _w4 ,! fact t ,greek philosophy _h pass$ its z5i? & 0 decl9+ did n make its influ5ce ^u ,*ri/ianity an evil "o1 a corruption ( ! liv+ by ! dead4 ,x 0 only dy+ to be incorporat$ 9 a l>g] life4 ,! food t supports our exi/5ce owes its p[] ( nutrition to ! fact1 t x too once liv$ ) an inf]ior life ( its own4 ,& s ! ,greek philosophy 0 capable ( assimilation by ! ,*ri/ian organism1 f ! fact t x too _h once be5 vitally inspir$ by ! life t is ! light ( m54 ,& ! true successors ( ,plato & ,ari/otle 7 ! m5 ( progress :o realiz$ ?is fact2 n ,celsus1 ,lucian1 ,porphyry1 b ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*4 ,clem5t & ,orig51 ,a?anasius & ,augu/9e1 ! ,gregories & ,basil und]/ood ,greek philosophy z cle>ly z ,s4 ,paul und]/ood ,judaism1 & recognis$ its completion z pla9ly 9 ! ,inc>nation ( ! ,^w4 ,nor 0 ?is view ( ! ,inc>nation 9 ! "o case1 any m ?an 9 ! o!r1 assum$ = a m]ely apologetic purpose4 ,^! m5 7 ess5tially philosoph]s1 among ! =emo/ ( _! age4 ,!y knew & h te/ifi$ :at philosophy _h done = _! s\ls1 & :at x c\ld n d2 h[ f> x _h l$ !m =w>d2 & ( :at long+s x _h left !m full4 ,true1 philosophy _h z little expect$ ,wisdom to become inc>nate1 & t among/ ! b>b>ians1 ! outca/ & ! poor1 z ,judaism _h expect$ ,messiah to suff]1 & to suff] at ! h& ( ,jews4 ,b no soon] 0 ! ,inc>nation accompli%$1 ?an x flood$ ! :ole pa/ ( ,greece no less ?an ,judaea ) a new light4 ,?is 0 :at x all meant2 ?is 0 :at x unwitt+ly aim$ at2 ! long process ( dialectic & prophecy 7 "h unit$ 9 _! goal4 ',^? :o liv$ "u ! guidance ( ! ,et]nal ,reason z ,socrates1 ,h]aclitus1 & su*-l m51 are ,*ri/ians1' run ! well-kn[n words ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 'ev5 ?\gh !y 7 reckon$ to be a!i/s 9 _! day4' 7,ap4 i4 #df47 ,diff]5t m9ds h always diff]$1 & w cont9ue to diff] widely z to ! degree 9 :i* ,greek ?\ght contribut$ to ! doctr9es ( ! ,tr9ity & ! ,inc>nation4 ,x is a difficult & delicate "q = hi/orical criticism to decide4 ,b ! ess5tial ?+ to be> 9 m9d is t ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,logos amply cov]s any possible view :i* criticism may e/abli% ^u ! po9t4 ,=1 9 ! light ( t doctr9e1 x is m]ely a "q ( ! degree 9 :i* ! ,et]nal ,^w *ose to reveal ,himself ?r\gh "o ag5cy r ?an ano!r4 ,any attack1 !re=e1 ^u our !ology = its connection ) ,greek ?\ght1 is p[]less to di/urb u2 s9ce we accept ! fact b give x ano!r1 a deep] int]pretation3 :ile we rejoice 9 e fre% pro( t ! great ?\ghts ( ! ,greek m9d 7 guid$ by a high] p[]1 & consecrat$ to a nobl] end ?an ev] _! au?ors dream$ (2 & t ! true classic culture is no ali5 elem5t b a legitimate +r$i5t 9 ,ca?olic1 complete ,*ri/ianity4 ,& ! same l9e ( ?\ght gives u a clue to ! hi/ory ( religi\s developm5t1 ! late/ field to :i* ! philosophy ( evolution has be5 ext5d$4 ,= ?\gh a sup]ficial comp>ison ( religions1 ) a m or less sceptical result1 has (t5 be5 attempt$ be=e1 z = in/ance 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ) its well-kn[n /ory ( ! ?ree impo/ors2 any?+ l a sci5tific /udy ( !m has be5 impossible till n[4 ,= n[ = ! fir/ "t we are beg9n+ to h ! facts be=e u2 ! facts consi/+ 9 ! orig9al docum5ts ( ! v>i\s hi/oric cre$s1 & accumulat$ obs]vations on ! religi\s ideas ( unciviliz$ races4 ,9 bo? ^! fields v mu* rema9s to be done2 b /ill !re is en\gh done already to ju/ify a few g5]alizations4 ,b ! subject is int5sely complex1 & !re has be5 f> too great a t5d5cy1 z 9 all new sci5ces1 to ru% to premature conclusions4 ,= example1 !re is ! %all[ scepticism :i* seizes ^u facts1 l ! _m p>allelisms betwe5 ! moral precepts ( e>li] religions & ! s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 z a conv9c+ pro( t ,*ri/ianity conta9s no?+ t is new4 ,no s]i\s /ud5t ( comp>ative religions w\ld ju/ify su* an inf]5ce2 b x is a v common & mis*iev\s fallacy 9 ! half-culture ( ! day4 ,!n !re is ! ra% or?odoxy1 t is ov] eag] to accept any result t tallies ) its own preconceiv$ op9ions z1 = in/ance1 ! belief 9 a primitive mono!ism4 ,no d\bt sev]al v compet5t au?orities ?9k t ! pres5t evid5ce po9ts 9 t direction4 ,b a majority ( critics equally compet5t ?9k o!rwise4 ,& mean:ile1 !re is a mass ( evid5ce /ill wait+ collection & int]pretation1 :i* may "o day ?r[ fur!r light ^u ! po9t4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 !re=e1 x is z impolitic z x is unsci5tific to id5tify ,*ri/ian apology ) a position :i* may "o day prove unt5able4 ,att5tion has already be5 call$ to a simil> imprud5ce 9 connection ) ,biog5esis1 & ! hi/ory ( pa/ apology is full ( w>n+s aga9/ su* conduct4 ,!n1 aga91 !re is ! conv]se view :i* is (t5 z glibly /at$ z if x 7 already a sci5tific truism2 ! view t religion 0 evolv$ out ( non-religi\s elem5ts1 su* z ! appe>ance ( dead ance/ors 9 dreams4 ,?is re/s1 to beg9 )1 on ! supposition t ! op9ions ( unciviliz$ man1 z we n[ f9d him1 are ! ne>e/ to ^? ( man 9 8 primitive condition2 :i*1 consid]+ t degradation is a recognis$ factor 9 hi/ory1 & t degradation acts m p[]fully 9 religion ?an 9 any o!r region1 is a v consid]able assumption4 ,b ev5 grant+ ?is1 ! psy*ological possibility ( ! process 9 "q1 z well z ! lapse ( "t suffici5t = its op]ation1 are bo? z yet unprov$4 ,x is an hypo!tical process1 happ5+ 9 an hypo!tical p]iod2 b1 logically consid]$1 no?+ m4 ,all ?is %\ld make u cauti\s 9 approa*+ ! comp>ative /udy ( religions4 ,/ill1 ev5 9 its pres5t /age1 x has rea*$ "s g5]al results4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! univ]sality ( religion is e/abli%$ z an empirical fact4 ,man1 ) a few insignificant exceptions :i* may fairly be put d[n to degradation1 )9 ! limits ( our obs]vation1 is ev]y:]e religi\s4 ,! notion t religion 0 an inv5tion ( int]e/$ prie/craft has vani%$1 l _m o!r eighte5? c5tury fictions1 be=e n9ete5? c5tury sci5ce4 ,ev5 9 ! savage races1 :]e prie/craft is mo/ conspicu\s1 ! prie/ has nev] creat$ ! religion1 b always ! religion ! prie/4 ,beyond ?is fact x is unsafe to dogmatize4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce ( e>ly nature-wor%ip 9 v v>i\s =ms1 b :e!r ?is 0 ! degrad$ (fspr+ ( pur] conceptions1 or z is m g5]ally suppos$ ! primitive p>5t f :i* ^? conceptions sprang1 is /ill an op5 "q4 ,! univ]sality ( ! fact is all t is c]ta94 ,aga91 !re is a progressive t5d5cy obs]vable 9 ! religions ( ! _w2 b ! progress is ( a p>ticul> k9d1 & l>gely c\nt]act$ by deg5]acy4 ,individuals elevate1 masses degrade religion4 ,!re is no progress by ins5sible modifications2 no improvem5t ( a religion 9 committee4 ,c\ncils l ^? ( ,asoka or ,*osroes c only sift & popul>ise & publi% :at x ne$$ a ,buddha or ,z>a?u/ra to create4 ,& s religion is h&$ on1 f "o great tea*] to ano!r1 nev] ris+ above ! level ( its f\nd] or la/ re=m]1 till ano!r f\nd] or re=m] comes2 :ile 9 ! int]val x is mat]ializ$1 vulg>iz$1 degrad$4 ,& f ! nature ( ?is progress1 z ! "w ( great individuals1 ano!r consequ5ce has hi/orically foll[$2 viz4 t all ! pre-,*ri/ian religions h be5 p>tial1 h emphasiz$1 t is to say1 unduly if n exclusively "o requirem5t or ano!r ( ! religi\s consci\sness1 b nev] its complex :ole4 ,= ! individual tea*]1 h[ev] great1 _c proclaim ) prophetic int5sity m ?an "o aspect ( a tru?2 & 8 foll[]s inv>iably t5d to isolate & exagg]ate ?is aspect1 :ile any :o attempt to supply its complem5t are reg>d$ ) suspicion4 ,h5ce ! p>ties & sects & h]esies ( :i* religi\s hi/ory is full4 ,! simple/ illu/ration ( ?is is ! fundam5tal di/9ction betwe5 ,!ism & ,pan!ism1 or ! transc5d5ce & imman5ce ( ,god2 ! "o (t5 said to be a ,semitic1 ! o!r an ,aryan t5d5cy ( ?\ght4 ,b h[ev] ?is may be1 bo? ^! pr9ciples mu/ be repres5t$ 9 any sy/em :i* w\ld really satisfy ! :ole ( our religi\s in/9cts2 :ile1 z a matt] ( fact1 !y 7 sep>at$ by all ! pre-,*ri/ian religions1 & are sep>at$ by ,mahometanism & ,buddhism1 ! only two religi\s sy/ems :i* compete ) ,*ri/ianity to-day4 ,^!1 !n1 are a few broad results ( our comp>ative survey ( religions4 ,t religion1 h[ev] humble ! mode ( its fir/ appe>+1 is yet univ]sal to man4 ,t x progresses ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! great individual1 ! unique p]sonality1 ! spiritual g5ius2 :ile popul> influ5ce is a c\nt]-ag5t & makes = its decay4 ,t its v>i\s developm5ts h all be5 p>tial1 & !re=e ne$$ completion1 if ! crav+s ( ! human _s 7 ev] to be set at re/4 ,& all ?is is 9 p]fect h>mony ) our ,*ri/ian belief 9 a ,god ,:o1 f ! day ( man's fir/ appe>ance 9 ! dim twilight ( ! _w1 left n ,himself )\t witness 9 sun & moon1 & ra9 & /orm-cl\d1 & ! c\rses ( ! />s1 & ! prompt+s ( consci5ce1 & ! love ( k93 & ,:o ! :ile 0 light+ e man t come? into ! _w1 ! primaeval hunt]1 ! %eph]d *iefta91 ! poets ( ! ,v$as & ! ,ga?as1 ! ,*aldaean a/ronom]1 ! ,egyptian prie/1 ea*1 at lea/ 9 a measure1 to spell t witness out aright2 ev] & anon :5 a he>t 0 ready reveal+ ,himself ) great] cle>ness1 to "o or ano!r *os5 _s1 & by _! means to o!r m52 till at l5g?1 9 ! fulness ( "t1 :5 ,jews 7 ye>n+ = "o 9 :om righte\sness %\ld triumph visibly2 & ,greeks sigh+ ov] ! divorce betwe5 tru? & p[]1 & wond]+ :e!r ! wise man ev] w\ld inde$ be k+2 & arti/s & ascetics w&]+ equally a/ray1 9 va9 attempt to solve ! problem ( ! _s & ! fle%2 '! ,^w 0 made ,fle% & dwelt among u1 full ( grace & tru?4' ,! pre-,*ri/ian religions 7 ! age-long pray]4 ,! ,inc>nation 0 ! answ]4 ,nor are we ti$ to any p>ticul> view ( ! prehi/oric /ages ( ?is developm5t4 ,we only po/ulate t :5ev] & h[ev] man became truly man1 he 0 f t mom5t religi\s1 or capable ( religion2 & ?is po/ulate deals ) ! region t lies beyond ! rea* ( sci5ce1 ?\gh all sci5tific obs]vation is1 z we h se51 directly 9 its fav\r4 ,9 %ort1 ! hi/ory ( ! pre-,*ri/ian religion is l t ( pre-,*ri/ian philosophy1 a long prep>ation = ! ,gospel4 ,we are famili> en\gh ) ?is ?\ght 9 its ,jewi% application f ! tea*+ ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews4 ,b x seems to be (t5 =gott5 t ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 t ,epi/le admit ( no limitation to any s+le race ( m54 ,!y are naturally illu/rat$ f ,hebrew hi/ory 9 a writ+ address$ to ,hebrews4 ,b _! scope is univ]sal4 ,!y compel _! own application to e religi\s hi/ory1 :i* ! gr[? ( our k br+s to light4 ,& f ?is po9t ( view ! _m pagan adumbrations ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 simil>ities ( practice1 co9cid5ces ( ritual1 analogies ( phrase & symbol1 fall naturally into place4 ,! fa!rs & e>ly mission>ies 7 (t5 p]plex$ by ^! ph5om5a1 & did n scruple to attribute !m to diabolic imitation4 ,& ev5 9 ! pres5t day !y are capable ( di/urb+ timid m9ds1 :5 unexpect$ly pres5t$ be=e !m4 ,b all ?is is unphilosophical1 = 9 ! light ( evolution ! occurr5ce ( su* analogies is a ?+ to be expect$2 :ile to ! eye ( fai? !y d b emphasize ! claim ( ,*ri/ianity to be univ]sal1 by %ew+ t x conta9s 9 spiritual summ>y ! religi\s ?\ghts & practices & ways ( pray] & wor%ip1 n ( "o p only1 b ( all ! races ( m54 ',9 ! :ole ( our ,*ri/ian fai?1' says ,?omass91 '!re is no?+ :i* does n 9 ! highe/ degree h>monize ) t natural philosophy :i* ,wisdom1 :o made all ?+s1 infus$ into e creat$ m9d1 & wrote ^u ! v m>r[ ( ! reason2 s t1 h[ev] obscur$ by ! f\l pleasures ( ! s5ses1 x nev] c be :olly done away4 ,x 0 ?is hidd5 & intimate love ( ! human m9d1 h[ev] m>r$1 = ! incorruptible tru?1 :i* won ! :ole _w ov] to ! gospel ( ,*ri/1 :5 once t ,gospel 0 proclaim$#bac4' ,b :5 all ?is has be5 said1 !re is a l+]+ suspicion 9 _m m9ds1 t ev5 if ! details ( ! doctr9e ( developm5t are n inconsi/5t ) ,*ri/ianity1 its :ole drift is incompatible ) any sy/em ( op9ion :i* claims to possess f9ality4 ,& if ,*ri/ianity 7 only a sy/em ( op9ion1 ! objection might be plausible en\gh4 ,b its claim to possess f9ality re/s ^u its fur!r claim to be mu* m ?an a sy/em ( op9ion4 ,! doctr9e ( developm5t or evolution1 we mu/ rememb]1 is n a doctr9e ( limitless *ange1 l ! old ,greek notion ( p]petual flux4 ,species once develop$ are se5 to be p]si/5t1 9 proportion to _! v]satility1 _! p[]1 i4e4 ( adapt+ !mselves to ! *anges ( ! _w ar\nd !m4 ,& because man1 ?r\gh 8 m5tal capacity1 possesses ?is p[] to an almo/ unlimit$ ext5t1 ! human species is virtually p]man5t4 ,n[ 9 sci5tific language1 ! ,inc>nation may be said to h introduc$ a new species into ! _w--a ,div9e man transc5d+ pa/ humanity1 z humanity transc5d$ ! re/ ( ! animal creation1 & communicat+ ,8 vital en]gy by a spiritual process to subsequ5t g5]ations ( m54 ,& ?us view$1 !re is no?+ unreasonable 9 ! claim ( ,*ri/ianity to be at lea/ z p]man5t z ! race :i* x has rais$ to a high] p[]1 & endu$ ) a novel /r5g?4 ,,iii4 ,b 9 say+ ?is we t\* new gr\nd4 ,z long z we conf9e ourselves to speak+ ( ! ,et]nal ,^w z op]at+ 9 ! my/]i\s region :i* lies beh9d ph5om5a1 we are safe x may be said f refutation1 because we are deal+ ) ! unkn[n4 ,b :5 we g on to ass]t t ,he has fla%$ ?r\gh our atmosph]e1 & be5 se5 ( m51 sc9tillat+ signs & wond]s 9 ,8 pa?1 we are at once op5 to critical attack4 ,& ?is br+s u to ! real po9t at issue betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & its mod]n oppon5ts4 ,x is n ! sub/antive body ( our k1 b ! critical faculty :i* has be5 %>p5$ 9 its acquisition t really comes 9 conflict ) our cre$4 ,assum+ ,*ri/ianity to be true1 !re is1 z we h se51 no?+ 9 x inconsi/5t ) any asc]ta9$ sci5tific fact4 ,b :at is call$ ! negative criticism assumes t x _c be true1 because ! miracul\s elem5t 9 x contradicts exp]i5ce4 ,/ill criticism is a v diff]5t ?+ f sci5ce1 a subjective ?+ into :i* imag9ation & p]sonal idiosyncrasy ent] l>gely1 & :i* ne$s !re=e 9 its turn to be rigor\sly criticis$4 ,& ! /atem5t t ,*ri/ianity contradicts exp]i5ce sugge/s two reflections1 9 lim9e4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! orig9 ( all ?+s is my/]i\s1 ! orig9 ( matt]1 ! orig9 ( en]gy1 ! orig9 ( life1 ! orig9 ( ?\ght4 ,& pres5t exp]i5ce is no crit]ion ( any ( ^! ?+s4 ,:at 7 _! bir? ?roes1 :at 7 _! accompany+ signs & wond]s1 :5 ! morn+ />s sang toge!r 9 ! dawn ( _! appe>+1 we d n & _c "k4 ,if !re=e ! ,inc>nation 01 z ,*ri/ians believe1 ano!r in/ance ( a new beg9n+1 pres5t exp]i5ce w nei!r enable u to ass]t or d5y1 :at its att5dant circum/ances may or may n h be54 ,! logical impossibility ( prov+ a negative is prov]bial4 ,& on a subject1 ^: conditions are unkn[n to u1 ! v attempt becomes ridicul\s4 ,& secondly1 x is a mi/ake to suppose t z a matt] ( /rict evid5ce1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has ev] re/$ its claims ^u its miracles4 ,a confirmatory factor inde$1 9 a complication ( conv]g+ argum5ts1 !y h be51 & /ill are to _m m9ds4 ,b to o!rs1 :o 9 ! pres5t day are probably ! l>g] class1 x is n s easy to believe ,*ri/ianity on acc\nt ( miracles1 z miracles on acc\nt ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,= n[1 z ev]1 ! real burd5 ( ! pro( ( ,*ri/ianity is to be s\ght 9 our pres5t exp]i5ce4 ,!re is a fact ( exp]i5ce z old z hi/ory1 z widely spread z is ! human race1 & m int5sely1 irresi/ibly1 importunately real ?an all ! ga!r$ exp]i5ce ( art & policy & sci5ce1--! fact :i* philosoph]s call moral evil1 & ,*ri/ians s94 ,x re/s ^u no que/ionable int]pretation ( an ,ea/]n allegory4 ,we brea! x1 we feel x1 we commit x1 we see its havoc all ar\nd u4 ,x is no dogma1 b a sad1 solemn1 inevitable fact4 ,! animal creation has a law ( its be+1 a condition ( its p]fection1 :i* x in/9ctively & inv>iably pursues4 ,man has a law ( 8 be+1 a condition ( 8 p]fection1 :i* he in/9ctively t5ds to disobey4 ,& :at he does to-day1 he has be5 do+ f ! fir/ record ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,video meliora proboque1 ,det]iora sequor4 ,philosoph]s h f "t to "t attempt$ to expla9 ?is d>k exp]i5ce away1 & "h & !re m5 ( happy temp]am5t1 liv+ among calm surr\nd+s1 h be5 comp>atively unconsci\s ( ! evil 9 ! _w4 ,b ! common consci5ce is alike unaffect$ by ! +5uity ( ! "o class1 or ! apa?y ( ! o!r2 :ile x ?rills to ! voices ( m5 l ,s4 ,paul or ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ,dante or ,john ,bunyan1 ,loyola or ,lu!r2 recognis+ 9 _! sighs & te>s & lam5tations1 ! e*o ( its own unutt]able sorr[ made articulate4 ,nor is s9 conf9$ to "o dep>tm5t ( our be+4 ,x poisons ! v spr+s ( life1 & ta9ts its e action4 ,x corrupts art2 x hamp]s sci5ce2 x p>alyses ! ef=ts ( ! politician & ! patriot2 & diseas$ bodies1 & brok5 he>ts1 & m5tal & spiritual agony1 are among/ its daily1 its h\rly results4 ,x w\ld seem inde$ sup]flu\s to insi/ ^u ^! ?+s1 if _! importance 7 n s (t5 ignor$ 9 ! c\rse ( anti-,*ri/ian argum5t4 ,b :5 we are met by an appeal to exp]i5ce1 x is necess>y to insi/ t no elem5t ( exp]i5ce be left out4 ,& moral evil1 indep5d5tly ( any !ory ( its nature or its orig91 is a pla9 palpable fact1 & a fact ( su* /up5d\s magnitude z to con/itute by f> ! mo/ s]i\s problem ( our life4 ,n[ x is also a fact ( pres5t exp]i5ce t !re are scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ,*ri/5dom1 m5 ( e age1 temp]am5t1 "*1 & antec$5ts1 = :om ?is problem is practically solv$3 m5 :o h a p]sonal conviction t _! own pa/ s9s are done away )1 & ! :ole grasp ( evil ^u !m loos5$1 & :o 9 consequ5ce rise to heights ( "* & conduct1 :i* !y "k t !y w\ld nev] h o!rwise atta9$4 ,& all ?is !y agree to attribute1 9 h[ev] v>y+ phrases1 to ! p]sonal influ5ce ^u !m ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,fur!r1 ^! m5 _h a spiritual ance/ry4 ,o!rs 9 ! la/ g5]ation believ$ & felt1 & act$ z !y n[ act & feel & believe4 ,& s _! l9eage c be trac$ backw>d1 age by age1 swell+ into a great multitude :om no man c numb]1 till we come to ! hi/oric records ( ,him :om !y all look back to1 & f9d t ,he claim$ ! p[] on e>? to =give s9s4 ,& !re ! ph5om5on ceases4 ,pre-,*ri/ian antiquity conta9s no?+ analog\s to x4 ,consci\sness ( s91 & pray]s = p>don1 & purgatorial p5ances1 & sacrifices1 & incantations1 & magic =mulae are !re 9 abundance2 & hopes1 among c]ta9 races1 ( ! com+ ( a great deliv]]4 ,b nev] ! same s5se ( s9 =giv51 nor ! consequ5t reb\nd ( ! enfran*is$ s\l4 ,yet nei!r a code ( morality :i* 0 n ess5tially new1 nor ! example ( a life rec$+ ) e age into a dimm] pa/1 w\ld h be5 adequate to produce ?is result4 ,x has all ! appe>ance ( be+1 :at x hi/orically has claim$ to be1 ! entrance ( an ess5tially new life into ! _w1 quick5+ its palsi$ en]gies1 z ) an electric t\*4 ,& ! m we realize 9 ! bitt]ness ( our own exp]i5ce1 or t ( o!rs1 ! ess5tial malignity ( moral evil1 ! m /rictly sup]natural does ?is en]gy appe>4 ,:51 !re=e1 we are told t miracles contradict exp]i5ce1 we po9t to ! daily occurr5ce ( ?is spiritual miracle & ask ':e!r is x easi] to say ?y s9s be =giv5 !e1 or to say arise & walk8' ,we meet exp]i5ce ) exp]i5ce1 ! negative exp]i5ce t miracles h n happ5$ ) ! positive exp]i5ce t !y are happ5+ n[3 an old argum5t1 :i* s f> f weak5+1 mod]n sci5ce has imm5sely /r5g!n$1 by its insi/5ce on ! intimate union betwe5 mat]ial & spiritual ?+s4 ,= _s & matt]1 z we call !m1 are n[ kn[n to int]m+le1 & bl5d1 & fr+e (f1 & fade into ea* o!r1 9 a way t daily ju/ifies u m 9 our belief t ! possessor ( ! key to "o mu/ be ! possessor ( ! key to bo?1 & t ,he :o c save ! s\l c raise ! dead4 ,"h !n is our answ] to ! negative criticism1 or r to ! negative hypo!sis1 by :i* _m critics are misl$4 ,( c\rse we d n expect = x unanim\s ass5t4 ,x is f\nd$ on a specific exp]i5ce2 & /rang]s to t exp]i5ce are naturally unable to appreciate its =ce4 ,b nei!r %\ld !y claim to judge x4 ,= ! critic ( an exp]i5ce mu/ be its exp]t4 ,& ! accumulat$ v]dict ( ! spiritual exp]ts ( all ages1 %\ld at lea/ meet ) grave respect f ! v m5 :o are mo/ famili> ) ! importance ( ! maxim1 ',cuique 9 sua arte cr$5dum4' ,*ri/ianity di/9ctly decl9es to be prov$ fir/1 & practis$ aft]w>ds4 ,its practice & its pro( g h& 9 h&4 ,& its real evid5ce is its p[]4 ,we n[ see :y ! ,atonem5t has (t5 assum$ su* exclusive prom95ce 9 ! m9ds ( ,*ri/ian m54 ,!y h felt t x 0 ! secret ( _! own reg5]ate life1 _! be/ intellectual apology1 _! mo/ attractive mission>y appeal2 & s h come to ?9k t ! o!r aspects ( ! ,inc>nation might be bani%$ f ! pulpit & ! m>ket-place1 to ! seclusion ( ! s*ools4 ,b ?is has prov$ to be a fatal mi/ake4 ,tru? _c be mutilat$ ) impunity4 ,& ?is gradual sub/itution ( a deta*$ doctr9e = a ca?olic cre$1 has l$ directly to ! *>ge :i* is n[ s common1 t ,*ri/ianity is inadequate to life2 ) no message to ord9>y m51 9 _! ord9>y mom5ts1 no be>+ ^u ! aims1 occupations1 int]e/s1 en?usiasms1 amusem5ts1 :i* are human nature's daily food4 ,b we h already se5 :at a misconception ?is implies ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,! ,inc>nation op5$ heav51 = x 0 ! revelation ( ! ,^w2 b x also reconsecrat$ e>?1 = ! ,^w 0 made ,fle% & dwelt among u4 ,& x is impossible to read hi/ory )\t feel+ h[ pr(\ndly ! religion ( ! ,inc>nation has be5 a religion ( humanity4 ,! human body itself1 :i* hea!ndom _h s degrad$1 t noble m9ds c\ld only view x z ! enemy & prison ( ! s\l1 acquir$ a new mean+1 exhibit$ new graces1 %one ) a new lu/re 9 ! light ( ! ,^w made ,fle%2 & !nce1 9 wid5+ circles1 ! family1 society1 ! /ate1 felt 9 _! turn ! impulse ( ! ,*ri/ian _s1 ) its t\*es ( ?+s common1 ,till !y rose to t\* ! sph]es4 ,lit]ature reviv$2 art flam$ into full] life2 ev5 sci5ce 9 its e>ly days ow$ m ?an m5 (t5 ?9k1 to ! ,*ri/ian temp] & ! ,*ri/ian rev]5ce = ?+s once call$ common or unclean4 ,:ile ! optimism1 ! belief 9 ! future1 ! atmosph]e ( hopefulness1 :i* has made our progress & a*ievem5ts possible1 & :i*1 :5 all c\nt] curr5ts h be5 all[$ =1 s deeply diff]5tiates ! mod]n f ! anci5t _w1 dates1 z a fact ( hi/ory1 f ^? buoyant days ( ! e>ly *ur*1 :5 ! cre$ ( suicide 0 vanqui%$ be=e ! cre$ ( m>tyrdom1 ,s5eca be=e ,s4 ,paul4 ,x is true t secul> civilization has co-op]at$ ) ,*ri/ianity to produce ! mod]n _w4 ,b secul> civilization is1 z we h se51 9 ! ,*ri/ian view1 no?+ less ?an ! provid5tial correlative & c\nt]p>t ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,= ! ,^w did n des]t ! re/ ( ,8 creation to become ,inc>nate4 ,natural religion1 & natural morality1 & ! natural play ( intellect h _! function 9 ! ,*ri/ian z !y _h 9 ! pre-,*ri/ian ages2 & are /ill k9dl$ by ! light t lighte? e man com+ into ! _w4 ,& h5ce x is t secul> ?\ght has s (t5 correct$ & c\nt]act$ ! evil ( a ,*ri/ianity gr[n pr(essional1 & false1 & f\l4 ,/ill1 :5 all all[ance = o!r influ5ce has be5 made2 & all ! ill done 9 its "n admitt$ to ! full2 ,*ri/ianity rema9s1 ! only p[] :i* has reg5]at$ p]sonal life1 & t beyond ! circle ev5 ( its pr(ess$ adh]5ts1 ! light ( x f> out%9+ ! lamp :i* has held its flame4 ,& p]sonal life is aft] all ! battle-gr\nd1 on :i* ! progress ( ! race mu/ be decid$4 ,nor ev] inde$ %\ld ?is be m app>5t ?an 9 ! pres5t day4 ,= mat]ialism1 t old enemy alike ( ! ,*ri/ian & ! human cause1 has pass$ f ! /udy to ! /reet4 ,no "o inde$ may regret ?is m ?an ! high-s\l$ sci5tific ?9k]1 ^: life belies ! inevitable consequ5ces ( 8 cre$4 ,b ! ru?less logic ( human passion is draw+ ^? consequ5ces fi]cely2 & ! luxury ( ! ri*1 & ! communi/ic cry ( ! poor1 & ! desecration ( m>riage1 & ! dis9tegration ( society1 & selfi%ness 9 policy1 & e>?l9ess 9 art1 are plausibly plead+ sci5ce 9 _! fav\r4 ,& ) all ?is ,*ri/ianity claims1 z ( old1 to cope1 because x is ! religion ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,= ! real /r5g? ( mat]ialism lies 9 ! ju/ice :i* x does to ! mat]ial side ( nature--! lovel9ess ( e>? & sea & sky & sun & />2 ! wond] ( ! me*anism :i* controls alike ! ru%+ comet & ! fall+ leaf2 ! human body cr[n+ bo?1 at once e>?'s faire/ fl[] & mo/ m>vell\s ma*9e4 ,& ,*ri/ianity is ! only religion :i* does equal ju/ice to ?is tru?1 :ile preclud+ its illegitimate p]v]sion4 ,x includes ! tru?1 by ! ess5tial importance :i* x assigns to ! human body1 & !re=e to ! :ole mat]ial ord]1 ) :i* t body is s intimately "o2 :ile x excludes its p]v]sion1 by %ew+ ! cause ( t importance to lie 9 its connection1 communion1 union ) ! _s1 & consequ5t capacity = endless degrees ( glory4 ,& ?\gh its own fir/ vocation is to seek & save s\ls "o by "o1 x consecrates 9 pass+ e field ( ?\ght & action1 :]e9 ! quick5$ en]gies ( s\ls may f9d _! scope4 ,x welcomes ! discov]ies ( sci5ce1 z ultimately due to ,div9e revelation1 & "p ( ! provid5tial education ( ! _w4 ,x recalls to art ! days :51 9 catacomb & cloi/]1 %e le>n$ h] noble/ mission to be ! s]vice ( ! ,^w made ,fle%4 ,x appeals to democracy z ! religion ( ! fi%]m5 :o ga!r$ r\nd ! c>p5t]'s ,son4 ,x po9ts ! social re=m] to ! patt]n ( a p]fect man1 lay+ d[n ,8 life alike = enemy & fri5d4 ,:ile x cr[ns all e>?ly aims ) a hope full ( immortality1 z prophetic ( et]nal occupations o!r:]e4 ,& h[ev] _m a new mean+ may yet be f\nd 9 ! ,inc>nation1 h[ev] _m a misconception ( x fade be=e full] light2 we c conceive no phase ( progress :i* has n ! ,inc>nation = its guid+ />2 no age :i* _c make ! pray] ( ! fif? c5tury its own-- ',o ,god ( un*angeable p[] & et]nal light1 look fav\rably on ,?y :ole ,*ur*1 t wond]ful & sacr$ my/]y2 & by ! tranquil op]ation ( ,?y p]petual ,provid5ce1 c>ry out ! "w ( man's salvation2 & let ! :ole _w feel & see t ?+s :i* 7 ca/ d[n are be+ rais$ up1 & ?+s :i* _h gr[n old are be+ made new1 & all ?+s are return+ to p]fection ?r\gh ,him1 f :om !y took _! orig91 ev5 ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/#bad4' #aie ,ir5aeus4 #aif ,s4 ,?om4 ,aq4 c4 ,g5t4 iv4 #ac4 #aig ,h4 de ,boseham 7,migne7 v4 #aij4 p4 #acec4 #aih ,scot4 ,er4 7,migne7 v4 #abb4 p4 #cjb4 #aii ,s4 ,bonav4 ,9 ,eccles4 ci4 t4 ix4 #bjj ,h4 de ,s4 ,victor4 7,migne7 v4 #agg4 p4 #ehj4 #bja ,s4 ,?om4 ,aqu9as4 #bjb ,s4 ,bonav4 de ,r$uct4 sub f94 #bjc ,s4 ,?om4 ,aq4 de ,v]it4 #bb4 #b4 #a4 #bjd ,s4 ,bonav4 ,lum4 ,eccles4 ,s4 #ab4 #bje ,id4 ,lum4 ,eccles4 ,s4 #e4 #bjf ,m>k ,pattison4 #bjg ,mag4 ,mor4 ii4 #ab4 #bjh ,s4 ,?om4 ,aq4 ii4 ,s5t4 i4 #a4 #bji ,9 ,act4 ,apo/4 c4 #ag4 v4 #bh4 #baj ,cp4 p4 #fd4 #baa ,s4 ,aug4 de ,magi/4 #ch4 t4 i4 p4 #iaf4 #bab ,s4 ,?om4 ,aq4 cont4 ,g5t4 iv4 #ac4 #bac ,?omass91 ,inc>n4 i4 #ae4 #bad ,gelasian1 quot$ by ,bright1 ,anci5t ,collects1 p4 #ih4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,inc>nation ,,z ,,! ,,basis ,,( ,,dogma4 ,r4 ,c4 ,,mob]ly4 ,i4 ,_m ye>s ago1 9 und]graduate days1 ,i 0 speak+ once to a fri5d ( my hope ( beg9n+ "s little acqua9tance ) ,!ology4 ,i well rememb] ! air ( nicely m+l$ civility & contemptu\sness1 ) :i* my fri5d1 wi%+ to sympa?ize1 at once drew a di/9ction = me betwe5 speculative & dogmatic ,!ology1 & assum$ t ,i c\ld n mean t ! m]e /udy ( dogmatic ,!ology c\ld h any sort ( attractiv5ess4 ,i d n ?9k t ,i accept$ 8 k9dly ov]ture2 b x c]ta9ly made me consid] m ?an once aft]w>ds1 :e!r ! 'm]e /udy ( dogmatic ,!ology' c\ld aft] all be s slavi% & pr(itless an employm5t z _h be5 impli$4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 ,i settl$ ) myself t 8 condemnation1 h[ev] obvi\sly c&id & ev5 impressive1 mu/ nev]!less rema91 s f> z ,i 0 conc]n$1 a surprise & an enigma4 ,= :at1 aft] all1 did ! /udy ( dogmatic ,!ology mean1 b ! /udy ( ^? tru?s :i* ! m9d ( ,*ri/'s ,*ur* ^u e>? has believ$ to be at once ! mo/ c]ta9 & ! mo/ important tru?s ( man's hi/ory1 nature & de/9y1 9 ?is _w & = ev]8 ,x is impossible1 h[ev]1 n to feel t my fri5d1 9 8 objection1 repres5t$ :at 01 & is1 a v widespread in/9ct aga9/ ! /udy ( dogma4 ,"s ?9k1 = in/ance1 t to practical m5 exactnesses ( doctr9al /atem5t1 ev5 if true1 are immat]ial4 ,o!rs ?9k t any exactness ( doctr9al /atem5t is convict$1 by its m]e exactness1 ( untru?2 = t k ab\t ?+s unse5 c only be indef9ite 9 "*4 ,if1 inde$1 religi\s k is a process ( evolution simply1 if x means only a gradual developm5t t[>ds ev]-increas+ def9it5ess ( religi\s supposition1 !n no d\bt its exactness may be ! condemnation ( dogma4 ,b !n1 no d\bt1 to make room = su* a view1 ! :ole fact ( hi/orical ,*ri/ianity mu/ be fir/ displac$4 ,is x put z an impossibility1 t !re _c be any def9ite or c]ta9 ,!ology8 ,c !re1 !n1 be a ,revelation8 ,c !re be an ,inc>nation8 ,^? only are consi/5t1 :o ass]t t all ?ree are impossible1 & :o und]/& t 9 s do+ !y are limit+ ! possibilities1 & !re=e pro tanto que/ion+ ! reality ( a ,p]sonal ,god4 ,b if !re be a ,p]sonal ,god1 :at are ! adequate gr\nds on :i* x is nev]!less laid d[n t ,he _c directly reveal ,himself8 ,or1 if ,he c reveal ,himself1 on :at gr\nd c ! priori ass]tion re/1 t !ological tru? mu/ be unc]ta9 or indef9ite8 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* claims to h bo? def9ite & c]ta9 k4 ,^! claims c nev] be met by any priori judgm5t t su* k is impossible4 ,su* a judgm5t is too sl5d]ly bas$ to be> ! weight ( argum5t4 ,to argue f x w\ld be to commit ! v fault s (t5 imput$ to ! dogmati/4 ,x w\ld be a flagrant in/ance ( dogmatic ass]tion 7& t = ! mo/ important ( argum5tative purposes7 ( :at we c\ld n possibly "k4 ,! claim ( ! ,*ur* to k ?r\gh ! ,inc>nation c only be rationally met1 & only really answ]$1 :5 ! claim itself1 & its evid5ce1 are s]i\sly exam9$4 ,h]e9 lies1 & w always lie1 ! he>t ( ! /ruggle = or aga9/ ! dogmatic "* ( ! ,*ur*4 ,any?+ else is only ! fr+e ( ! matt]4 ,any rebutt+ ( priori presumptions aga9/ dogma is a m]e cle>+ ( ! way = battle4 ,?us x is said1 p]haps1 t ! objection is to ! degree ( def9it5ess1 or to ! tone ( au?ority4 ,x is fanci$ t dogma 9 its v nature1 q ap>t f its cont5ts1 is a curtailm5t ( ! rights1 & a limitation ( ! p[]s1 ( m9d4 ,is dogma1 ! mo/ def9ite & au?oritative1 fett]+ to ! fre$om ( intellect8 ,we c see 9 a mom5t ! entire unreality ( ! objection1 by simply sub/itut+ = x ano!r "q4 ,is tru? fett]+ to intellect8 ,does ! utmo/ c]titude ( tru? limit fre$om ( m9d8 ,because1 if n1 dogma1 s f> z x co9cides ) tru?1 _c fett] ei!r4 ,if p]fect k ( tru? c\ld p>alyse ! intellect1 :at 7x is wor? :ile to ask7 d we mean by intellect8 ,d we mean some?+ :i* mu/ = ev] be /ruggl+ ) difficulties :i* x _c ov]come8 ,is x necess>y = ! idea ( m9d t x %\ld be baffl$8 ,is x a creature only ( ! tangle & ! fog8 ,& if ev] ! day %\ld come1 :5 aft] /ruggl+1 m or less ineffectually1 ) ! tangle & ! fog1 man %\ld em]ge at la/ 9 cle> sun%9e ^u ! m\nta9 top1 w m9d cease to h any faculty or place1 because ! k ( tru? has come8 ,at lea/1 if we und]/& ?is to be ! conception ( m9d1 x ne$ n fright5 u q s mu* z x did1 to be told t dogma int]f]es ) m9d4 ,b if1 h[ev] diff]5t f our exp]i5ce ! employm5t ( m9d w\ld be 9 ! pres5ce ( p]fect k1 we _c s conceive ( m9d z to admit t tru? c\ld possibly be its enemy or its de/ruction1 !n we may c]ta9ly insi/ t no am\nt ( dogma1 s f> z x is true1 c limit or fett] ! fre$om ( intellect4 ,b !n we are at once ?r[n back ^u ! "q2 is ! dogmatic tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* true8 ,no /atem5t :i* absolutely co9cides ) tru? c hurt ! fre$om ( m9d4 ,b mi/ak5 presumption ( tru? c1 & does1 limit x2 & s does au?ority1 if x prev5ts ! exam9ation ( tru?4 ,dogma1 !n1 is1 z dogma1 a wrong to m9d1 j s f> z x c be convict$ ( ei!r ( ^! ?+s2 s f> z x =bids exam9ation1 or s f> z x ass]ts :at is n /rictly true4 ,z to ! fir/ ( ^! two sugge/ions aga9/ dogma1 x is q en\gh simply to d5y x4 ,! ,*ur*1 z a tea*] ( dogmatic tru?1 does n =bid ! free/ & complete/ inquiry into ! tru?s :i* %e enunciates4 ,! "q is n :e!r dogmatic !ologians h ev] dread$ inquiry into tru?2 b :e!r ! dogmatic ,*ur*1 z su*1 precludes or =bids x4 ,true1 %e enunciates "s tru?s z true2 & holds ^?1 9 diff]5t measures1 unwise & wrong1 :o contradict h] tru?s4 ,b %e does n1 !re=e1 =bid ! fulle/ ex]cise ( intellect ^u !m2 nor tremble le/ intellect1 rightly wield$1 %\ld contradict !m4 ,inde$ = eighte5 c5turies %e has be5 engag$1 & w be engag$ to ! end1 9 exam9+ ) a p[] & discipl9e ( intellect1 :i* %e alone ev] has1 or c\ld h1 evok$1 into ! mean+ & exactness ( h] own k4 ,b %e does w>n inquir]s t successful inquiry into h] tru?s is no "w ( m]ely +5i\s disputation1 b ne$s ! exacte/ discipl9e & balance ( all ! faculties ( our human nature4 ,we return1 !n1 to ! second sugge/ion2 & ,i repeat t ! "q has = u become1 n :e!r dogma 9 ! ab/ract is desirable or undesirable1 b :e!r ! dogmas ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* are true or n true4 ,dogma t is true c only be undesirable 9 s f> z tru? is undesirable4 ,:e!r ! dogmas ( ! ,*ur* are true or n true1 is itself a "q ( evid5ce4 ,be=e1 h[ev]1 mak+ any rem>k ^u ! nature ( ?is evid5ce 9 ! case ( religion1 we may rememb] t ! possession ( dogma is 9 no way peculi> to religion4 ,!re is no region ( rese>* or k :i* does n pres5t to ! /ud5t its own 'dogmata1' or tru?s asc]ta9$ & agre$ ^u2 nor does any "o1 9 ! "n ( fre$om ( intellect1 p]si/ 9 treat+ ^! always z op5 que/ions4 ,b p]haps if we v5ture ?us to claim ! asc]ta9$ tru?s ( any sci5ce z dogmas1 ! sci5tific answ] w be ready4 ,!y diff]1 x w be felt1 f ! nature ( religi\s dogmas1 9 two important respects4 ,! fir/ diff]5ce is1 t !y are (f]$ = acceptance ) _! full pro(s1 f ! fir/ mom5t t !y are (f]$ at all4 ,! /ud5t c\ld n1 x may be1 h discov]$ = himself ! law ( gravitation1 or ! circulation ( ! blood2 b he c1 :5 ^! discov]ies are once set be=e him by ano!r1 see =?) n only ! coh]5cy ( ! pr9ciples1 b ! cog5cy ( _! pro(4 ,! second diff]5ce is1 t :5 !y h be5 accept$ by ! /ud5t1 pro( & all1 !y /ill claim no allegiance beyond :at 8 intellig5ce _c b freely give2 he is /ill free to sup]s$e or upset !m1 if he c4 ,he accepts !m inde$ provisionally1 z id5tical ) ! tru? s f> z ! tru? on ! subject is yet kn[n2 yet n necess>ily z f9al tru?4 ,he accepts !m z tru?s :i* all 8 fur!r /udy w comm5t ^u2 presumably inde$ 9 ! way ( cont9ual illu/ration & corroboration1--s t :at he accepts = /udy w be m & m c]ta9ly prov$ by ! /udy--b also1 if y please1 9 ! way ( correction2 = if 8 /udy c sup]s$e1 or ev5 9 any measure correct or alt] !m1--:y1 s mu* ! bett] bo? = sci5ce & = him6 ,:y %\ld n ?is be equally true ( ,!ology8 ,:y %\ld religi\s dogmas be receiv$ )\t ^! conditions1 z c]ta9ly & f9ally true8 ,to beg9 )1 !n1 "s exception may be tak5 to ! /atem5t t ! /ud5t :o accepts a sci5tific doctr9e1 has ! full evid5ce be=e him f ! beg9n+4 ,t x is n altoge!r s is evid5t f ! simple consid]ation1 j m5tion$1 t 8 "w is a progressive "o2 & t ! :ole c\rse ( 8 exp]i5ce t5ds1 & w t5d1 to deep5 ! c]ta9ty ( 8 fir/ pr9ciples4 ,b 9 s f> z ! pro( ( any lead+ pr9ciple is be+ deep5$ & /r5g!n$ by ! /ud5t's daily "w1 s f> x is cle> t ! am\nt ( c]ta9ty ab\t 8 pr9ciples ) :i* at fir/ he began1 mu/ be less ?an t ) :i* he ends at la/2 & !re=e t ! pro( pres5t$ to him at ! beg9n+1 h[ev] mu* x may h be5 adequate to ! purpose1 7ev5 ?\gh x may h be5 ! complete/ pro( capable ( be+ pres5t$ 9 ! way ( exposition f ! lip to ! e>7 0 nev]!less mo/ incomplete 9 comp>ison ) ! fulness ( atta9able pro(4 ,& fur!r1 x may c]ta9ly be said also1 t 9 ! conv9c+ness ( ?is evid5ce z at fir/ pres5t$1 au?ority1 :e!r m or less1 _h an und\bt$ "p4 ,at ! v lea/ x _h a negative place1 z a gu>antee to ! "y m9d rejoic+ 9 ! +5uity ( ! app>5t demon/ration1 t ! app>5t demon/ration 0 n vitiat$ by "s unse5 fallacy1 or t !re 0 n a s]ies ( o!r consid]ations beh9d1 :i* w\ld rob ! lesson j le>nt ( its practical usefulness4 ,(t51 inde$1 ! degree ( au?ority 9 ! fir/ sci5tific convictions w\ld be v mu* high]4 ,(t51 h[ev] helpful ! argum5ts or illu/rations ( a pr9ciple may seem1 ! really ov]rul+ consid]ation w at fir/ be ?is1 t ! :ole sci5tific _w has absolutely accept$ ! pr9ciple z tru?4 ,s mu* is ?is ! case1 t if an av]age /ud5t %\ld f9d himself unable 9 any po9t to receive ! asc]ta9$ tru?s ( 8 sci5ce ) intellig5t agreem5t1 he w\ld n hesitate to assume t ! :ole fault lay ) himself2 he w\ld really be conv9c$ 9 8 s\l t ! dicta ( 8 sci5tific tea*]s 7 "r1 & t he himself w\ld see ! c]ta9ty ( !m by & by4 ,n[ 9 bo? ^! two respects ! acceptance ( religi\s dogma is n ess5tially 9 contra/1 b r is p>allel1 ) t ( sci5tific pr9ciples4 ,= religi\s tru? is nei!r 9 its fir/ acceptance a m]e matt] ( bl9d submission to au?ority1 nor is x /agnant & unprogressive aft] x is accept$4 ,h[ev] diff]5t 9 o!r ways ! lead+ tru?s ( ! ,cre$ may be f sci5tific pr9ciples2 9 ?is respect at lea/ !y are n diff]5t1--t n "o ( !m is ev] br\ght = ! acceptance ( m5 )\t "s really intellig5t evid5ce & gr\nd = acceptance4 ,if any man is ask$ to accept !m1 )\t any intellig5t gr\nd = ! acceptance1 we may be bold p]haps to ass]t t x w\ld be 8 duty to refuse4 ,( c\rse1 h[ev]1 au?ority w itself be a l>ge "p ( 8 intellig5t gr\nd2 a l>g] "p or a small] accord+ to circum/ances4 ,b !n !re is no prop] anti!sis betwe5 believ+ 9 def]5ce to au?ority1 & believ+ 9 def]5ce to reason1 unless x is und]/ood t ! au?ority believ$ 9 0 accept$ at fir/ z au?ority )\t reason1 or ma9ta9$ 9 spite ( ! subsequ5t refusal ( reason to give confirmatory witness to its ass]tions4 ,ev5 9 ! cases 9 :i* !re seems to be lea/ use ( reason1 ! case ( a "y *ild le>n+ at 8 "m's knee1 or ( a man ^: _s has suff]$ & be5 brok51 & :o gives himself up at la/ to ! m]e guidance ( a fri5d or a tea*]1 ! au?ority1 :5 accept$ at all1 is accept$ on gr\nds ess5tially reasonable4 ,! *ild's reason+ may diff] 9 quality f ! prodigal's2 b ! *ild tru/s fa!r or "m on gr\nds :i* are :olly1 if unconsci\sly1 a product ( ! /ricte/ reason2 & ! prodigal has felt 9 8 inmo/ s\l alike ! deadness ( 8 own spiritual be+1 & ! p[] & ! beauty :i* are 9 ! life ( ! tea*] ^u :om he ?r[s himself4 ,& ?is is n ! only po9t2 = ! reasonable m9d 9 "o is n a ?+ diff]5t 9 nature f ! reasonable m9d 9 ano!r1 or f ! et]nal reason :i* is 9 ,god4 ,! tru?s1 !re=e1 :i* we are taught ab\t ,god1 & man1 & ,*ri/1 ab\t s91 & r$emption f s91 & ! heav5 ( hol9ess1 & :i* seem to be accept$ z a m]e act ( n unreasonable dutifulness1 d reasonably )al comm5d !mselves1 9 "s %ape or measure1 ev5 to ! call[ m9d f its e>lie/ immaturity4 ,!re is t 9 ! v consci\sness ( *ild1 or ( crim9al1 ) :i* !y are 9 ess5tial h>mony4 ,t 9 him ) :i* !y are 9 ess5tial correspond5ce be>s witness ( !m4 ,nor is anyone1 9 8 acceptance ( !m1 :olly ins5sible ( ?is witness to _! tru?1 :i* is1 9 fact1 engrav5 ^u 8 own consci\s be+4 ,to 'take religion on tru/1' !n1 z x is sometimes d]isively call$1 is n really to act 9 defiance (1 or ap>t f1 reason4 ,x is an ex]cise ( reason up to a c]ta9 po9t1--j s1 & s f> z1 ! exp]i5ce ( ! p]son w>rants4 ,he sees :at to tru/1 & :y4 ,he sees :]e und]/&+ & exp]i5ce :i* transc5d 8 own w\ld po9t4 ,& he seeks = ! rational te/ ( fur!r exp]i5ce 9 ! only way 9 :i* x c be _h4 ,he def]s to ! voice ( exp]i5ce1 9 fai? t 8 own exp]i5ce w by & by prove its tru?fulness4 ,on a m$ical "q1 m5 w\ld n dispute1 !y w\ld l\dly proclaim1 ! reasonabl5ess & wisdom ( su* a c\rse4 ,yet !re are ^? :o suppose t ! tru?s ( religion are to admit ( a complete prelim9>y intellectual v]ification1 a v]ification ap>t f special tra9+ & exp]i5ce1 su* z !y might m reasonably expect 9 any o!r subject-matt] ?an religion1 b su* z1 9 fact1 !y h>dly expect else:]e4 ,! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur*1 !n1 accept$ at fir/ on reasonable evid5ce1 :i* 9 a great] or less degree1 b p]haps nev] :olly1 consi/s 9 au?ority reasonably accept$ z au?ority1 are !n 9 all ! exp]i5ce ( spiritual life receiv+ cont9ual comm5t1 explanation1 corroboration4 ,! :ole exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/ian life mu/ be a gr[? 9 ! appreh5sion & c]ta9ty ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,a ,*ri/ian neophyte may believe e ^w ( 8 ,cre$1 & believe nei!r ignorantly nor un9tellig5tly4 ,b ! vet]an ,*ri/ian ( f\r-score w transc5d ! *ild at lea/ z mu* 9 ! degree ( c]ta9ty1 ) :i* ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* are to 8 entire faculties m5tal1 moral1 & spiritual1 prov$ & kn[n to be true1 z he c possibly d 9 8 m]ely intellectual appreh5sion ( ! hi/ory or mean+ ( ! words4 ,we may say1 inde$1 t ! life ( a pr(ess+ ,*ri/ian :i* is n a life ( gr[? 9 ! appreh5sion ( doctr9al tru?1 mu/ necess>ily be a retrogression2 j z ! life ( s-call$ sci5tific /udy1 :i* is n cont9ually illum9at+ afre%1 & deep5+ ! c]ta9ty ( its own sci5tific pr9ciples1 mu/ gradually come to hold ev5 its own sci5tific pr9ciples less & less c]ta9ly1 & to mean by !m less & less4 ,b ev5 if x may be %ewn t !re is n q s ess5tial a contra/ z !re seem$ to be1 betwe5 ! "* ( !ological & sci5tific dogmas1 by reason ( ! pro(s :i* are (f]$1 along ) 8 pr9ciples1 to ! /ud5t ( any sci5ce2 yet /ill x w be felt t !y diff] ess5tially 9 ! tone & mann] ) :i* !y respectively speak to intellect4 ,! tru?s ( ! "o claim at once to possess an intellectual f9ality1 & to comm& a moral allegiance1 :i* ! tru?s ( ! o!r d n4 ,x may be wor? :ile to say 9 reply1 fir/ ( all1 t !re _c be a real contra/ ( f9ality betwe5 !m1 s f> z !y are bo? really true4 ,:at is really true is really true4 ,nei!r 'absolutely1' 'f9ally1' nor any o!r adv]b 9 ! language w make ! /atem5t a /rong] "o4 ,:at we call sci5tific tru?s are n 9 fact liable to correction1 except 9 s f> z !y may p]haps1 aft] all1 n be q sci5tific tru?s1 except 7t is7 9 respect ( su* admixture ( errone\s supposition1 z /ill has clung to !m aft] g5]al acceptance4 ,& on ! o!r h&1 s f> z any mi/ak5 assumptions are mix$ up ) our appreh5sion ( religi\s tru?s1 s f> ^! too are liable to receive1 & 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ur* doctr9e are cont9ually receiv+1 correction4 ,x is1 aft] all1 a truism4 ,9 ei!r sph]e ! tru?s1 s f> z !y really are tru?s1 are true absolutely3 b are corrigible 9 s f> z our /atem5t ( !m /ill conta9s any?+ t is o!r ?an tru?4 ,we may put x1 p]haps1 9 ano!r way /ill4 ,if1 to assume an impossible hypo!sis1 any "o c\ld really prove1 n m]ely t !re 7 "s exagg]ations or misconceptions 9 ! traditional mode ( /atem5t ( "s doctr9al tru?s1 b t our really ess5tial ,fai? 0 wrong1 we may grant hypo!tically 7see+ t tru? is supreme7 t he w\ld d u all a mighty s]vice1 at h[ev] trem5d\s a co/4 ,simil>ly ( c\rse x mu/ be own$1 t if any "o c\ld prove ! e>? to be flat & /ation>y1 & ! law ( gravitation to be ! precise contradictory ( tru?1 he w\ld d imm5se s]vice to sci5ce4 ,b none ! less1 ! sci5tific c]ta9ty on ^! po9ts is s complete1 t if anyone s]i\sly assail$ !m1 x w\ld be felt t he c\ld only be deal+ ) ! evid5ce 9 a way :i* t5d$ to compromise ! cr$it ( 8 own reason2 & he w\ld !re=e be reasonably held to be1 z x is r\ghly phras$1 a fool or a madman4 ,& we mu/ claim t = u ! c]ta9ty ( "s !ological propositions is s complete1 t :5 anyone assails !m1 we are no less reasonable 9 reg>d+ him ) conc]n1 r = 8 own tru?'s sake ?an = ! tru? ( our religion2 & t1 if miracles or 'an angel f heav5' %\ld seem to be> witness = him1 x w\ld /ill be no bigotry1 b 9 ! /ricte/ s5se our reasonable c\rse1 to refuse ! witness1 & to treat x z m]ely an attempt to ensn>e u into falsehood to ! real requirem5ts ( our reason & consci5ce4 ,is ! conclusion1 !n1 t !re is aft] all no diff]5ce at all betwe5 ! tru?s ( ,!ology & ( ,sci5ce1 9 respect ( _! claim to au?ority8 ,on ! contr>y1 !re rema9s a p]fectly real contra/ ( au?ority betwe5 !m2 only x is to be look$ = else:]e ?an among ! conditions ^u :i* our belief 9 !m respectively is bas$4 ,!re are two di/9ct s5ses 9 :i* ! doctr9es ( ! ,cre$ may be said to be au?oritative4 ,x may be meant t ! au?oritativ5ess is 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !y are pres5t$ to u2 t is to say1 t 7:atev] _! cont5t may be7 !y are /atem5ts :i* we believe1 & are to believe1 on ! sole gr\nd t we are told to d s1 )\t any appeal to reason ( our own2 or x may be meant t !y are /atem5ts ^: cont5t is ( su* nature & inh]5t importance1 t we _c1 9 fact1 believe !m1 )\t !reby necess>ily be+ involv$ 9 a tra9 ( consequ5tial obligations ( ?\ght & life4 ,9 ?is latt] case ! au?oritativ5ess lies n 9 ! mann] ( _! pres5tation to u or our acceptance ( !m1 b 9 t :i* is involv$ 9 ! nature ( ! tru?s !mselves1 if & :5 !y are believ$4 ,is x true to say ( ! ,cre$s t !y are 'au?oritative' 9 ! =m] s5se8 t is to say t !y *all5ge our allegiance1 & we are b\nd to believe !m1 because we are told t !y are true1 )\t exam9ation on our "p1 & )\t reason8 ,x has inde$ be5 /at$ already t1 z betwe5 pupils & tea*]s1 !re is 9 religi\s le>n+1 z !re is 9 all human le>n+ :atev]1 sci5tific or o!rwise1 a c]ta9 legitimate & important field = au?ority reasonably accept$ z au?ority1 t is1 ! au?ority ( m5 m le>n$ & exp]i5c$ ?an ourselves4 ,ev5 ?is1 ( c\rse1 means t ! pupil believes ! ?+s taught to be /rictly rational to ! tea*]1 ?\gh !y be n s1 z yet1 to himself4 ,b is x true1 9 speak+ ( religion1 to c>ry ?is "o /ep fur!r2 & to say t 9 ?is sph]e our :ole belief1 & duty ( belief1 re/s ^u au?ority z its ultimate f\ndation1 ! au?ority n ( man's exp]i5ce1 b ( ,god's comm&8 ,x mu/1 no d\bt1 be freely own$ on all sides1 t if !re be a cre$ comm&$ ( ,god1 we c]ta9ly are b\nd to believe x4 ,b is !re8 or :51 or h[1 0 x comm&$8 ,does anyone answ]1 ?r\gh our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/8 or ?r\gh ,8 ,*ur*8 or ?r\gh ! ,bible8 ,b :o is ,he8 or :at is ! ,bible8 or h[ d we "k8 ,to accept doctr9es1 :i* we o!rwise %\ld n accept1 because we are told to d s1 )\t kn[+ fir/ :o told u1 or :y we %\ld believe him1 is simply n a reasonable possibility4 ,b to ask ^! que/ions & to h answ]s to !m1 & believe because we are satisfi$ 9 "s way z to ! answ]s to !m1 is c]ta9ly n to re/ ! act ( believ+ on a f\ndation ( m]e au?ority3 ess5tially r x is1 to g ov] "p ( ! gr\nd ( ! ,cre$ fir/1 & be satisfi$ z to ! correctness ( its ma9 sub/ance1 & !re=e to believe x4 ,a ,*ri/ian w n d5y t ! doctr9es ( ! ,cre$ are entitl$ 9 fact to be held z au?oritative1 9 bo? ( ! s5ses di/+ui%$ above4 ,b we _c believe !m on ,god's au?ority till we h fir/ believ$ 9 ! au?ority ( ,god4 ,&1 !re=e1 _! au?oritativ5ess 9 :at we h call$ ! fir/ s5se is n really ! ultimate gr\nd ( our accept+ !m3 = x is n itself accept$ & appreh5d$ by u1 except z a consequ5ce ( our fir/ believ+ t :i* is ! ma9 sub/ance ( ! ,cre$4 ,x may be ! w>rant to u ( ?is or t detail consid]$ ap>t3 b x is n1 & _c ev] be1 ! orig9al & suffici5t cause ( our believ+ ! :ole4 ,cr$o ut intelligam may be ! mo/ true & mo/ reasonable motto ( ! l>ge "p ( ,*ri/ian fai? & life3 b x is n inconsi/5t )--x is f\nd$ ^u--an ultimate und]ly+ intellexi ut cr$]em4 ,!re is1 !n1 a real & abid+ diff]5ce betwe5 !ological & sci5tific dogmas1 9 respect ( ! au?ority ) :i* !y speak to u4 ,b ! diff]5ce is "o :i* does n affect at all ! me?od or gr\nds ( our orig9al belief 9 !m respectively3 x is to be f\nd exclusively 9 ! diff]5t subject-matt] ( ! two :5 believ$4 ,& h]e91 also1 x is t we f9d ! real answ] to ! o!r =m ( "q1 viz41 :y %\ld ,!ology claim to be s mu* m f9al ?an sci5ce8 ,mu* z sci5ce has conqu]$ ( ! realm ( tru?1 x does n pr(ess to h conqu]$ m ?an a little4 ,( ! va/ residuum x says no?+4 ,x has no idea h[ small a proportion its pres5t k may be> to t :i* w "o day be kn[n4 ,nay1 ! fur!r x advances 9 k ( tru?1 s mu* ! small] a proportion does its realiz$ tru? seem to x to be> to t :i* rema9s unexplor$4 ,:y %\ld ! !ologian be less pati5t ( additions to !ological k1 su* z may "s day ?r[ all 8 pres5t cre$s into comp>ative obscurity8 ,:y %\ld ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ be fix$ & inexpansive8 ,! "q is =midable only 9 an ab/ract =m4 ,! reasonable answ] to x confronts u ! mom5t we consid] :at is ! subject-matt] ( ! ,cre$4 ,sci5tific pr9ciples are 9 _! v nature fragm5ts ( a tru? :i* is practically inf9ite4 ,b ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$1 if true at all1 _c possibly be a fragm5t ( tru?4 ,= ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ does n simply enunciate s _m ab/ract pr9ciples ( natural or sup]natural life or gov]nance4 ,x introduces u /raight to a supreme ,p]son1 ,himself ! beg9n+ & end1 ! au?or & uphold] ( all4 ,su* a doctr9e may be false2 b x _c be a fragm5t4 ,! *ild :o believes 9 ,god1 believes 9 ev]y?+1 ?\gh he kn[s h>dly any?+4 ,he has inf9itely m yet to le>n1 z to :at 8 own belief means4 ,b he has no?+ to add to x4 ,! p]fect k ( ! univ]se w\ld n add to x1 b w\ld only expla9 x4 ,x is1 !n1 by virtue ( 8 p]sonal relation to a ,p]sonality :i* is ,itself supreme & all inclusive1 t he is guilty ( no presumption1 ev5 ?\gh 9 ! face ( ! mode/ disav[als ( sci5tific m51 he mu/ ma9ta9 t 8 own cre$ is1 9 its prop] nature1 ev5 :5 all admissions h be5 made1 r a complete & conclusive1 ?an a p>tial or a t5tative1 /atem5t ( tru?4 ,b ?is diff]5ce betwe5 him & !m is ! result nei!r ( any arrogance 9 8 temp]1 nor any lack 9 8 logic1 b x foll[s necess>ily f ! nature ( ! subject-matt] ( 8 cre$1 if & :5 x is believ$4 ,b /ill ?is fact t1 if true1 !y are tru?s :i* by ! obvi\s necessity ( _! subject-matt] speak to our intellects & consci5ces ) a tone ( su* ,div9ely comm&+ au?ority1 ought n to make me or anyone accept !m z true1 unless ! evid5ce = !m is adequate4 ,! "q is n h[ au?oritative !y w\ld be1 if true2 nor h[ important or inclusive !y w\ld be1 if true2 nor is any am\nt ( cont+5t importance or au?ority adequate evid5ce = _! tru?1 b only a motive = inquir+ into its evid5ce4 ,! "q is1 are !y true8 or are !y n true8 & ! "q is a "q ( evid5ce4 ,,ii4 ,& n[1 9 recurr+ once m to ! subject ( ! evid5ce by :i* ! dogmas ( religion are prov$1 f :i* we div]g$ j n[1 we f9d1 9 respect ( x1 a second reality ( contra/ betwe5 !ological tru?s & ! tru?s ( mat]ial sci5ce4 ,= :il/ 9 bo? cases equally we dep5d ^u evid5ce1 & evid5ce t is adequate2 x does n foll[ t ! evid5ce = bo? is 9 all po9ts simil> 9 k9d4 ,9 great "p inde$ x is s2 b x is c]ta9ly n s altoge!r4 ,= :5 we speak ( ! evid5ce ( religi\s tru?s1 x is to be rememb]$ t ! full evid5ce by :i* our consci5ces are :olly conv9c$ ( !m1 is n ( "o k9d only1 b ( all k9ds4 ,! facts ( religion address !mselves to ! :ole nature ( man2 & x is only by ! :ole nature ( man t !y c ev] be fully appreh5d$4 ,man is n a be+ ( intellectual conceptions or faculties only4 ,& because he is n s1 !re=e no set ( pr9ciples :i* c\ld be appreh5d$ by ! intellect alone 7z ! !orems ( ,euclid may appe> to be71 & :i* make = _! acceptance no dem& at all ^u ! qualities ( 8 moral or spiritual be+1 c\ld really pres5t1 z religion pr(esses to pres5t1 a sy/em ( tru? & life :i* w\ld be adequate to ! scope ( 8 :ole nature4 ,x is und\bt$ly ! case t j z ! tru?s ( religion acc\nt =1 & appeal to1 8 :ole be+1 s ! evid5ce = !m appeals to 8 :ole be+ also4 ,= its complete appreciation !re are requirem5ts o!r ?an intellectual4 ,!re mu/ be n only c]ta9 end[m5ts ( m9d1 b ! life ( a moral be+4 ,!re mu/ be moral affections1 moral p]ceptions1 spiritual aff9ities & satisfactions4 ,ev5 if ! prim>y conviction ( 8 reason may be ap>t f ^!1 yet ( ! fully develop$ evid5ce1 :i* is ! real possession ( ! ,*ri/ian believ]1 ^! are a mo/ important & necess>y "p4 ,)\t ^!1 8 c]ta9ty1 adequate ?\gh x might be1 w\ld be f> less pr(\nd ?an x is4 ,^! are to him ess5tial +r$i5ts 9 ! ri*ness & ! fulness ( ! evid5ce :i* to him is ev]y:]e4 ,n[ = ?is necess>y wid? ( ! full confirmatory evid5ce ( religion1 x is impossible = ! religi\s man1 ) ! utmo/ desire to make e all[ance & apology t is possible1 to (f] any apology at all4 ,s f> f be+ a m>k ( inconsi/5cy or feebl5ess1 x is a necess>y note ( ! complet5ess ( religion4 ,religion pr(esses to h = its subject-matt]1 & 9 a measure incomplete1 b relatively adequate1 to include1 to acc\nt =1 & to direct1 ! :ole range ( all man's hi/ory1 all man's capacities1 explor$ or unexplor$1 all man's de/9y n[ & = ev]4 ,if its tru?s & _! evid5ce 7 f\nd to address !mselves exclusively to ! intellect1 9 isolation f ! o!r qualities & exp]i5ces ( man's nature1 x w\ld be self-convict$ ( inadequacy4 ,if m5 full ( worldl9ess ( he>t & self-indulg5ce c\ld be capable ( und]/&+ ! revelation ( religi\s tru? z accurately1 ( embrac+ x z completely1 ( appreh5d+ ! dep? & ! wid? ( ! evid5ce = x 7) :i* all human nature really is saturat$7 z ?or\ghly z ! pray]ful & ! p5it5t1 ?is w\ld n mean t religion or religi\s evid5ce _h be5 lift$ up1 on to a high] & m prop]ly sci5tific level1 b r t x _h %runk d[n into correspond5ce m]ely ) a "p1 & n ! noble/ "p1 ( man's pres5t nature4 ,x w\ld be f> beyond ! scope ( ?is pap] to discuss k9ds ( evid5ce1 or argue 9 def5ce ( ! position t !re is real evid5ce = religi\s tru?1 :i* is none ! less prop]ly evid5ce1 because x is diff]5t 9 k9d f ! evid5ce = ! propositions ( mat]ial sci5ce3 b x may be p]missible1 at lea/1 9 pass+ to record ! claim1 & to insi/ t religi\s m51 9 conf9+ !mselves to /rictly hi/orical or logical argum5ts1 are necess>ily omitt+ mu* :i* is nev]!less1 to !m1 real gr\nd4 ,!re are evid5ces :i* c speak to ! he>t1 ! imag9ation1 ! consci5ce1 z well z ! intellig5ce4 ,or1 p]haps1 we %all come ne>] to an exact expression ( ! tru?1 by say+ t ! intellig5ce1 :i* c appreh5d & pron\nce ^u ! evid5ce ( tru?s ( spiritual consci\sness1 is an intellig5ce id5tical 9 "n1 b n id5tical 9 nature1 ) t :i* c well weigh & judge purely logical--or ev5 t :i* c pron\nce ^u moral--problems4 ,! intellig5ce ( a moral "*1 or ( a spiritual p]sonality1 diff]s n 9 range only1 b 9 quality1 f t ( a m]ely 'rational animal4' ,if ! moral & ! spiritual intellig5ce did n conta9 q o!r elem5ts1 drawn f q o!r exp]i5ces & possibilities1 !y c\ld n "w ^u _! high] subject-matt] at all4 ,to ! religi\s man1 !re=e1 x mu/ seem /rictly unreasonable1 9 ! exam9ation ( tru?s :i* pr(ess$ly correspond to man's :ole nature1 & ne$ 8 :ole nature & exp]i5ce = ! int]pretation ( !m1 to beg9 by %utt+ out1 z irrelevant1 :at we w mode/ly call ! half ( man's nature2 & to dem& t ! tru?s %all be s /at$ & s prov$1 z t ! /atem5ts & pro(s %all correspond exclusively ) ! o!r half1 & f9d 9 t o!r half _! :ole int]pretation1 & _! :ole evid5ce4 ,x may1 inde$1 be desirable to gu>d aga9/ a misconception1 by ! express admission t !re is "s necess>y ambiguity 9 ! t]ms employ$4 ,we may seem to h unduly ext5d$ bo? ! v]bal mean+1 & ! sph]e ( importance1 ( 'evid5ce' & 'pro(4' ,und\bt$ly !re is a s5se 9 :i* x w\ld be1 n m]ely true to admit1 b important to insi/1 t 9 ! acceptance ( religi\s tru?1 ,fai? nei!r is1 nor ev] c be1 displac$1 9 ord] t ,demon/ration may be en?ron$ 9 h] place4 ,b !n ,demon/ration is a ^w :i* belongs to /rictly logical nom5clature4 ,& ! v po9t "h insi/$ on is t ! /rictly logical pres5tm5t ( religion is1 9 ref]5ce to ! real pres5tm5t ( religion1 mo/ inadequate4 ,und\bt$ly1 if ev]y?+ else is %orn away1 & religion rema9s solely & only 9 ! =m ( /rict logic1 )\t s5tim5t1 )\t imag9ation1 )\t exp]i5ce ( duty1 or s91 or "r1 or aspiration1 or any?+ else :i* belongs to ! spiritual consci\sness ( human p]sonalities1 ! logic ( x is1 & mu/ be1 imp]fectly conclusive4 ,n[ words su* z 'evid5ce1' 'pro(1' 'intellig5ce1' are no d\bt (t5 us$ 9 connection ) processes ( ! intellect tak5 ap>t--! intellect ( a be+ m]ely rational4 ,9 insi/+1 !re=e1 t ! ^w evid5ce1 :5 us$ 9 ref]5ce to religi\s subject-matt]1 mu/ include data :i*1 to ! obs]v] ( physical ph5om5a1 w\ld seem vague & impalpable2 & t intellig5ce1 z adequately tra9$ to appreh5d & give judgm5t ^u religi\s evid5ce1 is 9 "s respects o!r1 & m1 ?an t intellig5ce :i* c deal ) evid5ce into :i* no elem5t ( spiritual consci\sness ent]s2 we diff]1 p]haps1 at ! mo/1 m 9 =m ?an reality1 f ^? :o simply deprecate ! appeal to 'evid5ce' or 'pro(' 9 matt]s ( fai?4 ,to ! religi\s man1 !n1 ! fulness ( ,*ri/ian evid5ce is z _m-sid$ z human life4 ,!re is hi/orical evid5ce1--itself ( at lea/ a doz5 diff]5t k9ds1--lit]>y evid5ce1 metaphysical evid5ce1 moral evid5ce1 evid5ce ( sorr[ & joy1 ( goodness & ( evil1 ( s9 & ( p>don1 ( despair & ( hope1 ( life & ( dea?2 evid5ce :i* defies enum]at+2 into ?is ! :ole gradual life ( ! ,*ri/ian gr[s2 & !re is no "p nor elem5t ( life :i* does n to him p]petually elucidate & confirm ! k :i* has be5 giv5 him4 ,ev]y?+ t is or has be51 e consci\sness1 e possibility1 ev5 e d\bt or wav]+1 becomes to ! ,*ri/ian a "p ( ! c]ta9ty--an elem5t 9 ! absorb+ reality--( 8 ,cre$4 ,b ?is is r ! end ?an ! beg9n+4 ,c]ta9ly x is n ?us t ! ,cre$ ( ! ,*ur* c pres5t itself to ^? ^: life is /ill indep5d5t ( ! ,cre$4 ,let u consid]1 !n1 h[ ! tru?s ( ! ,cre$ did fir/1 9 fact1 introduce !mselves to human consci\sness4 ,!re are ?ree sev]al /ages ( its pres5tm5t 9 hi/ory1 ( :i* ! c5tral "o is s ov]ma/]+ 9 importance1 t x alone gives _! "* to ! o!r two4 ,!y are1 fir/1 ! lead+ up1 9 ! _w's hi/ory & consci\sness1 to ! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 secondly1 ! life & dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 ?irdly1 ! results1 9 hi/ory & consci\sness1 ( ! life & dea? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,we may say1 p]haps1 t ( ! fir/ ( ^! ! ma9 outcome 0 belief 9 ,god2 & su* a ,god1 t belief 9 ,him c>ri$ ) x ! two coroll>ies ( aspiration aft] righte\sness1 & conviction ( s94 ,we may say t ! ?ird ( ^! means ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur* ^u e>?1 & ! articulat+ ( h] consci\sness accord+ to ! ,cre$s4 ,b 9 any case all ! ?ree are pla9ly hi/orical1 matt]s ( hi/orical inquiry1 ( hi/orical evid5ce2 & all pla9ly dep5d entirely ^u ! int]m$iate "o1 ! hi/ory ( a c]ta9 human life :i* purports to be--:i* ei!r is1 or is n--! h+e-po9t ( all hi/ory :atev]4 ,all turns1 !n1 ^u a c]ta9 passage ( hi/ory4 ,is ! hi/ory1 z believ$ by ,*ri/ians1 true or false8 ,! ,*ri/ian record ( t hi/ory is ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,inde$1 ( t hi/ory1 ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! only record4 ,is1 !n1 ! hi/ory ( ! tea*+ & ! "w1 ! life & ! dea?1 ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 pres5t$ to u 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z a *apt] ( hi/orical fact1--is x hi/orical fact1 or is x n8 ,! ,inc>nation is ei!r a fact1 or a fiction4 ,! ,inc>nation means also = ,*ri/ians ! ,atonem5t4 ,= our pres5t purpose1 ! ,inc>nation may be tak5 z necess>ily includ+ ! ,atonem5t4 ,b /ill ( ?is complex fact ! dilemma /&s4 ,if x is n true1 x is false4 ,!re is no middle t]m4 ,if x is n true1 !n1 :e!r dogma 9 itself is1 or is n1 desirable1 at lea/ all ! dogma ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is false4 ,! ,inc>nation & ! ,atonem5t toge!r are n pres5t$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z1 by _! own m]e /atem5t1 gu>antee+ !mselves4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is "o s+le1 def9ite1 hi/orical fact1 :i* is repres5t$ !re z ! c5tral he>t & core ( ! evid5ce ^u :i* ! conviction ( _! tru? dep5ds4 ,?is fact is ! resurrection ( ,jesus ,*ri/ f ! dead4 ,?\gh ?is is n ! :ole ( ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$1 yet ?is1 accord+ to ,s4 ,paul1 is1 to ! :ole ( ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$1 crucial4 ',if !re be no resurrection f ! dead1 !n is ,*ri/ n ris52 & if ,*ri/ be n ris51 !n is our prea*+ va91 & y\r fai? is also va94 ,yea1 & we are f\nd false witnesses ( ,god2 because we h te/ifi$ ( ,god1 t he rais$ up ,*ri/2 :om ,he rais$ n up1 if s be t ! dead rise n4 ,= if ! dead rise n1 !n is n ,*ri/ rais$2 & if ,*ri/ be n rais$1 y\r fai? is va91 ye are yet 9 y\r s9s4' ,to be direct p]sonal evid5ce ( a c]ta9 fact1 & t fact ! resurrection2--?is 01 9 ! view ( ,s4 ,pet] & ! ,apo/les1 ! fir/ qualification1 & ! c5tral mean+1 ( ,apo/le%ip3 'mu/ "o be orda9$ to be a witness ) u ( ,8 resurrection2' '?is ,jesus ha? ,god rais$ up1 :]e( we all are witnesses4' ,^u ! hi/orical tru? or falsehood1 !n1 ( ! resurrection1 hangs ! :ole "q ( ! nature & "w ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! :ole doctr9e ( ,inc>nation & ,atonem5t4 ,b 9 say+ ?is1 x is necess>y to gu>d our prop] mean+4 ,if we admit ! fact ( ! ,resurrection to be c>d9al1 :at is ! fact ( ! ,resurrection :i* is 9 "q8 ,x is z f> z possible f be+ simply a "q :e!r 'a man' c\ld or c\ld n1 did or did n1 reappe>1 aft] dea?1 9 life4 ,:5 we speak ( ! hi/orical fact1 we mu/ mean at lea/ ! :ole fact ) all t x 0 & meant1 complex z x 0 & _m-sid$2 n ) its mean+ or its pro( isolat$ ^u a s+le page ( ! book ( hi/ory1 b hav+ f>-rea*+ aff9ities1 p>ts ess5tially ( its int]pretation & ( its evid5ce1 entw9$ 9 ! dep?s ( ! :ole con/itution ( our nature1 & ! :ole drama ( hi/ory f ! fir/ mom5t to ! la/4 ,h[ev] mu* ,*ri/ians may h at times to argue ab\t ! simple evid5ce = ! 'yes' or 'no' ( ! ,resurrection ( ,jesus1 z if x 7 ! alleg$ resurrection ( any o!r man t 0 9 "q1 nei!r ! "q itself1 nor ! evid5ce ab\t x1 c possibly be1 9 fact1 ( ! same nature or ^u ! same level1 z ! evid5ce ab\t ano!r4 ,no am\nt ( conviction ( ! reappe>ance 9 life ( any o!r man1 w\ld h any simil> mean+1 or c>ry any simil> consequ5ces4 ,! inh]5t "* ( ,him :o rose1 & ! necess>y connection betwe5 :at ,he 01 & _h said & claim$ = ,himself1 on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r ,8 ris+ out ( dea?2 ?is is an ess5tial "p ( t fact ( ! resurrection1 :i* comes up = pro( or dispro(4 ,! fact t ,jesus ,*ri/1 be+ :at ,he 01 ! climax & fulfilm5t ( a ?\s& conv]g+ l9es--nay1 ( all ! antec$5t hi/ory ( mank9d--rose f ! dead1 & by t fact ( resurrection 7solemnly =e-ann\nc$1 yet none ! less totally unlook$ =7 illum9at$ & expla9$ = ! fir/ "t all t be=e _h seem$ enigmatical or contradictory 9 :at ,he 01--& inde$ 9 all humanity2 ?is is ! real fact ( ! resurrection :i* confronts u4 ,x is ?is va/ fact :i* is ei!r true or false4 ,! resurrection ( ! crucifi$ ,jesus _c possibly be a b>e or simple fact4 ,:5 view$ z a mat]ial manife/ation ( ! mom5t only1 x is at lea/ misund]/ood2 x may be un9telligible4 ,x is1 no d\bt1 an ev5t 9 hi/ory2 & yet x confronts u1 ev5 !re 9 its place & witness 9 hi/ory1 n simply z a f9ite hi/orical ev5t1 b z an et]nal c\nsel & inf9ite act ( ,god4 ,yet !re are times :5 we mu/ cons5t to leave mu* ( all ?is1 = ! mom5t1 on "o side4 ,:atev] else ! ev5t 9 hi/ory may c>ry ) x1 ( c\rse x mu/ /& its gr\nd z a m]e hi/orical ev5t4 ,! m]e fact may be b a "p ( x2 yet all w be ov]?r[n if ! fact be n fact4 ,& s1 ?\gh ! tru?s ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & ! evid5ce = !m1 be at lea/ z wide z 0 repres5t$ above1 yet !y pres5t !mselves to our m9ds /ill1 z !y pres5t$ !mselves at fir/ to ! m9ds ( m51 )9 ! sph]e & ! rules ( ord9>y human hi/ory & hi/orical evid5ce4 ,"h are ev5ts writt5 on ! page ( hi/ory4 ,exam9e !m4 ,are !y hi/orically false or true8 ,if !y be n false1 :at d !y mean & involve8 ,?is is ! mode/ way 9 :i* !y pres5t !mselves4 ,no "o w n[ dispute t ,jesus di$ ^u ! ,cross4 ,if ,he did n1 on ! ?ird day1 rise aga9 f t dea? to life2--cadit quae/io--all ,*ri/ian dogma1 all ,*ri/ian fai?1 is at an end4 ,some?+ might /ill be true :i* might be ( int]e/2 some?+1 ev51 :i* = %e] want ( a bett]1 might be /ill ! mo/ int]e/+ fact 9 ! _w's long hi/ory2 b some?+ :i*1 f ! fir/ l9e to ! la/1 w\ld be ess5tially diff]5t f ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 if ,he did s rise aga91 !n ! fact ( ,8 resurrection necess>ily raises fur!r que/ions z to ,8 nature & be+1--necess>ily requires ! und]/&+ ( fur!r tru?s = its own intellig5t explanation4 ,n[ ! pres5t pap] is n an evid5tial treatise4 ,x is no "p ( our task to attempt to prove ! hi/orical reality ( ! resurrection4 ,:at x does conc]n u to notice is ! way 9 :i* ! det]m9ation ( all ,*ri/ian tru? h+es ^u x4 ,if x falls1 all ! re/ w drift away1 an*orless & unsub/antial1 into ! region ( a m]ely beautiful dreaml&4 ,z dreaml&1 inde$1 x may /ill captivate & inspire2 b an*or ( sure fact !re w be none4 ,x w only be a beautiful imag9ation1--a false mirage reflect$ f1 bas$ ^u1 falsehood4 ,no d\bt imag9ation is sov]eign 9 ! lives ( m54 ,b !n imag9ation means ! vivify+ ( tru?1 n ! spectral embodim5t ( a lie4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! fact ( ! resurrection /&s1 !n x _c /& alone4 ,if ,jesus ,*ri/ s liv$ & taught z ev5 ! mo/ indef9ite believ]s conc$e t ,he liv$ & taught1 if ,he !n di$ on ! ,cross1 & rose aga9 ! ?ird day f1 ! dead1 y h inde$ already ! f\ndation dogma ( ! ,cre$2 & hav+ t1 y _c possibly re/ 9 x3 t f\ndation fact w absolutely compel y to ask & to answ] c]ta9 fur!r necess>y que/ions2 & :atev] intelligible answ] y may *oose to give to !m w be ess5tially a dogmatic def9ition4 ,:o or :at 0 ?is man :o ?us liv$1 ?us spoke1 ?us di$1 & ?us rose f ! dead8 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! :ole ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 hi/ory 7includ+ ! m5 :o _h be5 ,8 own companions1 tra9$ & inspir$ by ,himself17 taught & believ$1 )\t %ad[ ( hesitation1 t ,he 0 v ,god4 ,v gradually1 inde$1 _h !y advanc$ to ?is2 /ep by /ep1 ?r\gh _! gr[+ intimacy ) a "* ^: v excell5ces 7 only enigmatical & conf\nd+1 s long z ! ma/]-tru?1 :i* lay beh9d !m1 0 ignor$4 ,& v t5tative1 on ,8 side1 0 ! me?od ( ,8 self-revelation2 ?r\gh qualities1 ?r\gh inh]5t p[]s1 ?r\gh explicit tea*+s1 sl[ly felt1 sl[ly recognis$1 z transc5d5t1 z impossible1 except 9 relation to a tru? :i*1 aft] long misconceptions & p]plexities1 is se5 by !m at la/ n only to be true1 b to be ! ess5tial tru? :i* ,he ,himself requires ( !m4 ,=1 be ! me?od z gradual & z t5tative z y please1 ^! witnesses1 :o are1 9 fact1 ! only witnesses ! _w ev] has _h1 or c h1 ( ,8 inn] life & tea*+1 te/ify unhesitat+ly n only t all true acceptance ( ,him 01 9 _! judgm5t1 acceptance ( ,him z ,god1 b t ,8 life & dea? 7 p5etrat$ by ! consci\sness ( ,8 own ,godhead2 & by ! delib]ate purpose 7?r\gh :atev] unexpect$ pati5ce ( me?od7 ( conv9c+ ! :ole _w 9 ! end ( ,8 ,godhead1 & receiv+ univ]sal belief1 & univ]sal wor%ip1 z ,god4 ,n[ no "o to-day disputes t ,he 0 truly man4 ,is x true t ,he 0 v ,god8 ,x is ei!r true or false4 ,z to ! fact !re are only ! two alt]natives4 ,& betwe5 ! two ! gulf is impassable4 ,if x is n false1 x is true4 ,if x is n absolutely true1 x is absolutely false4 ,accord+ to ! fai? ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* x is absolutely true4 ,accord+ to ! highe/ =m ( ,arianism1 n less ?an accord+ to ! b>e/ ,soc9ianism1 x is 7h[ev] y may try to gloss x ov]7 absolutely false4 ,once m1 x is q beyond our prov9ce to m>%al or press argum5tatively ! pro(s t ,he 0 inde$ ,god4 ,b x is necess>y to see ) p]fect cle>ness1 h[ ! "q mu/ h be5 rais$1 & be+ rais$ mu/ h be5 answ]$4 ,! v life ( ! ,*ur* 0 belief 9 ,him2 & %e c\ld n rema9 fundam5tally unc]ta9 z to :o or :at ,he 0 9 :om %e believ$4 ,?is 0 ! "o ?+ :i* _h nev] be5 all[$ to ^? :o drew ne> ,*ri/4 ,all ?r\gh ,8 m9i/ry ^? :o came ne> ,him1 & felt ! spell ( ,8 pres5ce1 ,8 hol9ess1 ,8 p[]1 7 und]go+ a tra9+ & a sift+4 ,mom5t by mom5t1 /ep by /ep1 ! accumulat+ evid5ce ( ,8 transc5d5tly p]fect humanity kept =c+ m & m ^u !m all ! "q :i* ,he w\ld nev] let !m escape1 ! "q by :i* !y 7 to be te/$ & judg$2 ',:at ?9k ye ( ,*ri/8' ',if ye believe n t ,i am ,he1 ye %all die 9 y\r s9s4' ,if !re is a true hi/orical s5se 9 :i* ! cle> def9ition ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/ mu/ be assign$ to ! ,c\ncils ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies1 yet x w\ld be a great hi/orical blund] to /ate or imag9e1 z inf]5ce1 t till !n ! doctr9e 0 only held p>tially or ) imp]fect consci\sness 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* did n1 z a result ( ^? controv]sies1 develop ! consci\sness ( any new doctr9e3 ! developm5t ( h] consci\sness 0 r 9 respect ( ! %all[ b tempt+ logic :i* w\ld de=m1 or ! delusions :i* might c\nt]feit1 h] doctr9e1 & ( ! p]ils to :i* ^! mu/ lead4 ,x may be a "q1 inde$1 h[ f> ! words implicit & explicit d1 or d n1 repres5t ! di/9ction betwe5 ! dogmatic consci\sness ( ! ,apo/olic & ! ,concili> ages4 ,! difficulty 9 det]m9+ dep5ds solely on ?is1 t ! words !mselves are us$ ) diff]5t mean+s4 ,?us1 sometimes m5 are said to hold implicitly :at !y nev] p]haps suspect$ !mselves ( hold+1 if x c be %ewn to be a m or less legitimate outcome1 or logical developm5t1 ( _! belief4 ,if su* m5 advance inf]5tially f po9t to po9t1 _! explicit belief at a lat] "t may be1 9 _m p>ticul>s1 mat]ially diff]5t f :at x _h be5 at an e>li]2 ev5 ?\gh x might be logically %ewn t ! e>li] ?\ght 01 m or less directly1 ! p>5t ( ! lat]4 ,n[ 9 any su* s5se z ?is we %all /\tly ma9ta9 t1 f ! beg9n+1 ! ,*ur* held dogmatic tru?s n implicitly1 b explicitly & positively4 ,!y :o baptiz$ into ! ?reefold ,"n ( ! ,fa!r1 & ( ! ,son1 & ( ! ,holy ,gho/2 ^: bless+ 0 ',! grace ( ! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ! love ( ,god1 & ! communion ( ! ,holy ,gho/2' :o1 liv+ 9 ! ,_s1 liv$ 9 ,*ri/2 ^: highe/ wor%ip 0 ! ,communion ( ! ,body & ! ,blood ( ,*ri/1 & ^: p]fectness ( life 0 ,*ri/2 !y1 s liv+ & wor%ipp+1 did n hold ! ,godhead ( ,jesus ,*ri/ implicitly2 !y did n hold some?+ out ( :i* ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity might come to be unfold$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 y may use ! same contra/ ( words1 mean+ m]ely t y h1 ?r\gh cross-que/ion+ or o!rwise1 obta9$ a p[] :i* y did n possess1 ( def9+1 9 ?\ght & 9 words1 ! limits ( y\r belief1 & di/+ui%+ x precisely f :atev] does n belong to x4 ,y hold /ill :at y always meant to hold4 ,y say /ill :at y always meant to say4 ,b x is y\r intellectual ma/]y ov] y\r own mean+ :i* is alt]$4 ,l a p]son fre% f ! enc\nt] ( a ke5 cross-exam9ation1 y are furni%$ n[1 z y 7 n be=e1 ) di/9ctions & comp>isons1 ) def9itions & measurem5ts1--9 a ^w1 ) all t intellectual equipm5t1 t furniture ( al]t p]ception & exact language1 by :i* y are able to realize = y\rself1 z well z to def9e to o!rs1 :at t mean+ exactly is1 & :at x is n1 :i* itself 0 be=e1 z truly z x is n[1 ! v ?+ t y meant4 ,9 ?is s5se1 no d\bt1 ! def9itions ( c\ncils did make ,*ri/ian consci\sness m explicit 9 relation to positive tru?4 ,!y acquir$1 inde$1 no new tru?4 ,prim>ily !y 7 r1 on ?is side or on t1 a block+ (f ( su* false =ms ( ?\ght or av5ues ( unbalanc$ inf]5ce1 z =c$ !mselves =w>d1 "o by "o1 amid/ ! intellectual ef=ts ( ! "t1 to *all5ge ! acceptance ( ,*ri/ian p4 ,prim>ily !y are n ! ,*ur* say+ 'yes' to fre% tru?s1 or developm5ts1 or =ms ( consci\sness2 b r say+ 'no' to untrue & mislead+ modes ( %ap+ & /at+ h] tru?4 ,only indirectly1 9 t ef=t1 ! ,*ur* acquires ?r\gh !m a new def9it5ess ( ma/]y = ! intellect 9 ref]5ce to ! exactness ( h] own mean+4 ,x is comp>atively easy = ^? :o are conv9c$ ( a tru? to /ruggle aga9/ its op5 contradiction4 ,b false modes ( /at+ _! tru?1 & unbalanc$ inf]5ces f _! tru?1 are (t5 /agg]+ to m9ds :i* w\ld be unp]plex$ by any less insidi\s =m ( error4 ,x may be t1 9 all ages ( ! ,*ur*1 ev5 ^? :o are born & br$ 9 und\bt+ fai? 9 ! ,p]son ( ,jesus1 h to pass1 m or less explicitly1 ?r\gh _! own exp]i5ce ( hesitation & exagg]ation1 ( reaction & c\nt]-reaction1 be=e !y are q 9 a position to def9e1 or ma9ta9 by argum5t 9 ! face ( insidi\s alt]natives1 ! exact proportion ( _! own ,ca?olic belief4 ,n unsugge/ively1 inde$1 nor indirectly1 d ! oscillations ( ! public consci\sness 9 ! era ( ! c\ncils1 z to ! due expression ( ,ca?olic belief1 reproduce on a l>g] scale1 & !re=e ) m magnifi$ clums9ess1 ! alt]nat+ exagg]ations ( su* a s+le /ruggl+ m9d4 ,! natural ?\ght beg9s1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 z ,apo/les _h begun ( old1 ) ! p]fect & obvi\s c]ta9ty t ,jesus 0 a man4 ,!n comes ! mighty crisis to natural ?\ght4 ,) inf9ite heav+s & /ruggl+s1 & e conceivable exp$i5t ( evasion1 x /ra9s to avoid ! imm5se conclusion :i* *all5ges x1 cat*+ eag]ly at e ref9em5t1 if s be x may be possible to /op %ort ( full acceptance ( a tru? s /agg]+ 7:5 x comes to be measur$ intellectually7 z t ! ,man ,jesus 0 ,himself ! ,et]nal ,god4 ,n[ h[ev] grossly unju/ x might be to ?9k ( ,arianism z if x ev] meant1 or held1 ,jesus ,*ri/ to be m]ely a man2 yet x is true t 9 respect ( ! "o great "q :i* is at ! root ( ,*ri/ian fai?1--is ,he ,god1 or is ,he n8--x /&s z (f]+ alt]natives & exp$i5ts1 by :i* ! pla9 answ] 'yes' may be avoid$2 by :i* !re=e ! answ] 'no' is 9 effect ma9ta9$2 = betwe5 ',god' & 'n ,god' ! di/9ction _c be bridg$4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! real h+e-po9t ( ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,b :5 ?is1 ! greate/ ( all battles ( belief1 is won at la/1 9 spite ( e v>iety ( ,arian & semi-,arian ref9+2 =?) ! undiscipl9$ m9d1 always ready to exagg]ate1 always difficult ( balance1 beg9s s to run into ard\r ( expression ( its tru?1 z 9 effect to make unreal ! o!r half ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,! fir/ great wond] once grasp$1 x is s natural1 9 f]v\r ( insi/ance on ! v ,godhead1 to =get or d5y ! simple complet5ess ( ! v ,manhood6 ,x seems s h>d1--almo/ want+ 9 rev]5ce1--/ill to conceive ( ,him !n z p]fectly human1--human body & human s\l6 ,:at m obvi\s reaction 9 ! m9d ( any pupil n yet p]fectly /eadi$ & balanc$8 ,yet ^! few %ort s5t5ces repres5t n untruly ! real process ( education1 pa9fully accompli%$ by ^? intellectual /ruggles :i* culm9at$ 9 ! c\ncils ( ,nicaea & ,con/ant9ople1 9 #cbe & #cha respectively4 ,& :5 ! pupil is /eadi$ f ?is second excess1 & ! ,godhead & ! ,manhood are bo? grasp$1 ea* sev]ally1 ea* completely1 !re foll[s aga9 a p]fectly natural result 9 a new unc]ta9ty ab\t ! union ( ! two 9 ,jesus4 ,aga9 x seems an in/9ct ( rev]5ce :i* %r9ks f ! tru?4 ,= ! ,manhood1 x is urg$1 ?\gh complete1 body1 s\l1 & _s1 mu/ yet rema91 9 ,him1 a ?+ sep>able & sep>ate f ,8 own orig9al ,div9e p]sonality4 ,b if ! human nature 0 n v]ily ,8 own nature1 if x 0 animat$ by any consci\sness :i* 0 n absolutely ,8 own consci\sness1 ! consci\sness ( ,8 "o undivid$ p]sonality1--:at or :5ce 9 ,him 0 ?is o!r ?an ,8 own individual consci\sness8 ,is x s1 !n1 ! m9d beg9s necess>ily to ask itself1 t ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nate ,life 0 ! my/]y ( a d\ble consci\sness1 a d\ble p]sonality8 two di/+ui%able exi/5ces1 two selves1 two id5tities1 side by side1 h>moni\s1 alli$1 yet n[h]e really meet+ 9 any "o und]ly+ pr9ciple ( unity8 ,x 0 necess>y t ! d\bt %\ld be rais$1 t its mean+ & results might be measur$4 ,b x is ?is :i* becomes ! ,ne/orianism aga9/ :i* ! c\ncil ( ,ephesus 9 #dca set ! seal ( ,ca?olic belief4 ,once m1 ! natural reaction f ,ne/orianism1 :5 ! believ] is ke5ly al]t aga9/ its dang]1 is s to insi/ ^u ! indivisible ,p]sonal unity1 z to %r9k f ! admission ( any di/+ui%abl5ess 9 ,him1 actual or possible1 betwe5 ! two natures or *>act]s :i* ,he unit$1 betwe5 ! human & ! ,div9e elem5ts 9 ,8 "o consci\sness4 ,b ?is is ei!r once m to curtail ! true complet5ess ( ! human nature1 or to fuse x ) ! ,div9e into "s new ?+ n truly id5tical ) ei!r4 ,& ?is is ! ,monophysitism ( #dea1 ! subject-matt] ( ! f\r? great g5]al c\ncil at ,*alc$on4 ,x is said1 inde$1 t ! ages ( c\ncils 7 uncritical ages2 & t _! decisions are !re=e n to be accept$ z au?oritative on que/ions ( m9ute !ological criticism1 = :i* _! uncritical _s made !m specially unfit4 ,! ass]tion is p]haps a little beside ! m>k4 ,y h n to plead t !y 7 likely to be uncritical1 b to %ew t !y 7 9 fact wrong4 ,x is cle> t !y 7 n specially unfit ei!r to arrive at a def9it5ess ( mean+1 or to express :at !y meant4 ,!y 7 sure :at !y meant2 & h express$ x ) p]fect cle>ness4 ,! "q is n h[ critical !y 7 likely to be1 b :e!r _! mean+--:i* is cle>--is "r or wrong4 ,:atev] antec$5t probability !re may be ei!r 9 ! m9ds ( n9ete5? c5tury critics aga9/ _! correctness1 or 9 ! m9ds ( ,*ur*m5 accu/om$ to def] to !m 9 fav\r ( x2 x is c]ta9 t no "o :o is really d\btful ab\t ! tru? ( ,*ri/ianity1 w be call$ ^u to accept x 9 def]5ce to ! m]e au?ority ( ! ,c\ncils4 ,h[ev] mu* m !y may be to ourselves1 to su* an "o z ?is !y mu/ /& at lea/ z witnesses ( :at ! consci\sness ( ! ,*ri/ian community set its seal to1 9 ! way ( int]pretation ( its own orig9al deposit ( belief4 ,we d n mu* c>e to argue :e!r !y belong$ to an age ( criticism or n4 ,yet we mu/ ne$s be ready to li/5 to anyone :o c prove t _! det]m9ations 7 wrong4 ,c\ncils1 we admit1 & ,cre$s1 _c g beh9d1 b mu/ :olly re/ ^u ! hi/ory ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,if anyone c\ld s]i\sly convict ! ,cre$s ( be+ unscriptural1 we mu/ li/5 to him & b[1--z sci5tific m5 w\ld h to b[ to anyone :o really c\ld prove ! fundam5tal propositions ( _! sci5ce to be wrong4 ,b mean:ile1 s complete is ! hi/orical acceptance ( ! ,cre$s1 & _! consecration 9 ! consci\sness ( ! ,*ur*2 t !re is at lea/ z cle> a presumption t we are unca?olic 9 diff]+ f !m1 z !re w\ld be t we 7 unsci5tific if we diss5t$ f ! mo/ univ]sally accept$ fai?s ( sci5ce4 ,n[ ev5 ?is1 ! mo/ commonplace /atem5t ( ! gr[? ( ,*ri/ian def9itions1 w s]ve to m>k :at ! nature ( dogma is4 ,s f> f fai? )\t x be+ a ?+ m spiritual or pure1 fai? )\t x is a ?+ irrational4 ,fai? 9 :at8 ,i _c h fai? )\t an object4 ,fai? 9 ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,b :o is ,jesus ,*ri/8 ,is ,he a dead man8 ,is ,he1 z a dead man1 no long] 9 any exi/5ce8 ,or am ,i1 at lea/1 necess>ily ignorant z to :e!r ,he & o!r dead m5 h any exi/5ce1 actual or probable8 ,or is ,he a man inde$1--no m2 & dead inde$2 b1 z o!r good m51 alive aft] dea? someh[ 9 ! bless$ness ( ,god8 ,& :at !n did ,8 life mean8 or ,8 /range delib]ate dy+8 or :at connection h !y ( mean+ or p[] ) me8 ,& ?is ,god t y speak (2 d ,i "k any?+ ( ,him8 or :at8 or h[8 ,or aga91 is ,jesus ,himself ! liv+ ,god8 ,& are ! ?+s true :i* are h&$ d[n to me 9 ! ,*ur* z taught by ,himself ab\t ! relations ( ,god8 ,is ,he my liv+ ,ma/]2 my v ,r$eem] by ! ,cross2 my et]nal ,judge8 & :]e & h[ h ,i contact 9 life or s\l ) ! b5efits ( ,8 ,cross1 or ! p[] ( ,8 help8 ,if inde$ ,i h no?+ to d ) ,him1 & no int]e/ 9 ,8 hi/ory1 x is possible = me to g on )\t c>+ to answ] su* que/ions4 ,b fai? 9 ,him c h no mean+ :ile ^! are ignor$4 ,! "q :e!r ,he is or is n ,god1 is "o :i* _c b be ask$ & answ]$4 ,& ei!r answ] to ! "q is alike dogmatic4 ,! ,arian is no less dogmatic ?an ! ,ca?olic4 ,a dogmatic fai? is only a def9ite fai?2 & t ^u que/ions ^u :i* x has become irrational to rema9 indef9ite1 aft] ,i h once be5 br\ght to a c]ta9 po9t ( acqua9tance ) !m4 ,! "q betwe5 ! ,ca?olic & ! ,arian is1 n ^: doctr9e evades def9it5ess ( det]m9ation1 b ^: dogma is 9 accord ) ! tru? & its evid5ce4 ,! negative answ] to ! "q propos$ w\ld only be unjudicial1 n undogmatic4 ,mean:ile1 ! affirmative answ] w\ld be s complete a concession ( ! :ole position1 t if x has once be5 made1 z mu* has really be5 admitt$1 s f> z any battle1 ab\t dogma goes1 z if ! :ole =mal /atem5t ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$ _h be5 expressly1 z x w h be5 implicitly1 includ$4 ,!re is no?+1 !n1 really to fight aga9/ 9 ^! words1 ',! "r fai? is1 t we believe & confess t our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,son ( ,god1 is ,god & ,man2 ,god1 ( ! sub/ance ( ! ,fa!r1 begott5 be=e ! worlds3 & ,man1 ( ! sub/ance ( ,8 "m1 born 9 ! _w2 p]fect ,god1 & p]fect ,man3 ( a reasonable s\l & human fle% subsi/+2 equal to ! ,fa!r1 z t\*+ ,8 ,godhead2 & inf]ior to ! ,fa!r1 z t\*+ ,8 ,manhood4 ,:o al?\gh ,he be ,god & ,man3 yet ,he is n two1 b "o ,*ri/2 ,"o2 n by conv]sion ( ! ,godhead into fle%2 b by tak+ ( ! ,manhood into ,god2 ,"o altoge!r2 n by confusion ( sub/ance1 b by unity ( ,p]son4' ,ano!r ?+ :i* p]haps ! same commonplace /atem5t may illu/rate z to ! "* ( ,*ri/ian dogma1 is its l>g5ess & equity4 ,x is h>mony2 x is proportion2 x is ! prote/ ( balanc$ complet5ess aga9/ all t p>tiality1 :i*1 by exagg]at+ some?+ t is true1 di/orts ! proportion & simplicity ( tru?4 ,e sev]al =m ( error1--we admit x will+ly1--grew out (1 & repres5t$1 a tru?4 ,ca?olic doctr9e alone pres]ves ! proportion ( tru?4 ,to "w & to ?9k )9 ! l9es ( dogmatic fai?1 is to "w & to ?9k ^u ! true & h>moni\s conception ( ! ,p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/--',quem nosse viv]e1 ,cui s]vire regn>e4' ,9 ?is k c]ta9ly !re is no limit$ness1 & 9 ?is subord9ation no slav]y4 ,! mean+ ( ,*ri/ian dogma1 !n1 s f> z we h at pres5t _h any?+ to d ) x1 is simply ?is4 ,x is ! self-realiz+ ( ! consci\sness ( ! ,*ri/ian community 9 respect ( ! answ] to be giv5 to t "o great "q1 fundam5tal & inevitable1 ) :i* all 9 all times :o w\ld approa* ,*ri/ mu/ be met1--',:om say ye t ,i am8' ,b1 x w be felt1 x is all v well to insi/ s mu* ^u ?is "o po9t1 :i* x is comp>atively easy to repres5t z ! necess>y answ] ( a tru?ful consci5ce to a "q :i* is =c$ ^u x by ! pla9e/ evid5ce2--b are !re n a great _m ,*ri/ian doctr9es besides8 ,:at ( ! re/ ( !m1--'all ! articles ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1' z ! ,cate*ism says8 ,i h v5tur$ to speak at l5g? ^u ?is "o1 n because x is easi] to h&le conv5i5tly ?an ! o!rs1 b because x directly c>ries1 if x does n conta91 ev]y?+4 ,x is n only t ?is is 9 itself s trem5d\s a dogma1 t no "o :o affirms ?is c possibly qu>rel any long] ) ! pr9ciple ( dogmatic def9ition1 b t ?is s inevitably involves all ! o!r propositions ( ! ,cre$1 t no "o1 ^: consci5ce has accept$ ?is1 w f9d x easy to sep>ate betwe5 x & ! :ole ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ consi/s ( ?ree p>ts only2 & all ?ree are1 ',belief 9 ,god4' ',i believe 9 ,god1 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/' is1 9 brief1 ! :ole ,*ri/ian ,cre$4 ,its %orte/ expression is 9 ?ree words 7:i* ?ree words are b "o71 ',holy1 ,holy1 ,holy4' ,! def9itions ( ! ,apo/les'1 ( ! ,nic5e1 & ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$s1 none ( !m really travel outside ( ?is4 ,take1 = example1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,intellectually x is1 ( c\rse1 antec$5t to ! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation & ! ,atonem5t4 ,b x w be obs]v$ t x is made kn[n to u n antec$5tly1 b z a consequ5ce ( our previ\s conviction ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,moreov]1 :5 x is made kn[n1 x is made kn[n r incid5tally ?an directly4 ,ev5 ?\gh x is1 :5 reveal$ & appreh5d$1 ! inclusive sum ( our fai?1 yet !re is1 9 ! revelation1 no =mal unfold+ ( x1 z ( a my/]i\s tru? set to *all5ge our express contemplation & wor%ip4 ,!re is no?+ "h to be f\nd 9 ! lea/ correspond+ ) ! explicit *all5ge1 ',:om say ye t ,i am8' or ',on ?is rock w ,i build ,my ,*ur*2' b r indirectly1 s f> z our contemplation ( ! ,inc>nation1 & its abid+ consequ5ces1 requires = its own necess>y int]pretation to our und]/&+1 t we %\ld h "s insight into ! my/]y ( ! di/9ction ( ,p]sons 9 ! ,godhead1 s f>1 & 9 ref]5ce to t purpose1 ! my/]y ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity gr[s gradually into cle>ness ( revelation to our consci\sness4 ,x is cle> t any di/9ctness ( conception :atev] z to ! mean+ ( ,inc>nation w\ld be impossible1 )\t "s revelation ( mutual relations betwe5 ! ,s5d] & ! ,s5t1 ! ,immutable & ! ,inc>nate1 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,if x is less cle> f ! fir/1 x is surely n less c]ta91 t any conception we may h ( ! relation s reveal$ betwe5 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 w\ld be fa9t] by f>1 & less intelligible ?an x is1 if x 7 n = t :i* our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ has told u z to ! (fice & nature ( ! ,holy ,_s2 if ) our gr[+ conception ( di/9ctness & relation z betwe5 ! ,s5d] & ! ,s5t1 we _h n also "s add$ conception ( t ,bless$ ,_s ( ,hol9ess1 ,:o1 emanat+ f bo?1 is ! ,_s ( bo? alike1 & is !reby also ! v bond ( p]fectness ( ,love :]eby bo? are unit$ 9 ,"o2 & :]eby1 fur!r1 all spirits 9 :om ,god's pres5ce dwells1 are unit$1 s f>1 9 a real on5ess ( _s ) "o ano!r & ) ,god4 ,& x is q c]ta91 t :e!r we seem to anyone to be "r or no 9 treat+ ?is revelation ( ! ,holy ,gho/ z a necess>y1 if incid5tal1 "p ( :at we _h ne$ to be taught ( ! revelation ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1 9 ord] to make ,inc>nation prop]ly intelligible2 x is altoge!r ess5tial = t o!r purpose1 9 connection ) :i* ! revelation is m imm$iately made1 t is1 = any und]/&+ on our "p ( ! abid+ "w ( ,god 9 ,8 ,*ur*1 aft] ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion4 ',! holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! ,communion ( ,sa9ts1 ! ,=giv5ess ( s9s1 ! ,resurrection ( ! body1 & ! life ev]la/+2' ^! are n miscellane\s items ?r[n 9 at ! end ( ! ,cre$ aft] ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity is f9i%$1 b !y are ess5tial p>ts ( ! und]/&+ ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,gho/3 & on ! o!r h&1 )\t ! revelation ( ! ,p]son & "w ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ^! doctr9es1 practical ?\gh !y be1 & vital = practice1--no less inde$ ?an ! v ess5ce & mean+ ( ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation f ! day ( ,asc5sion =w>ds1 t is to say ! :ole hi/orical effect & fruit ( ! ,inc>nation1--w\ld be evacuat$ ( all liv+ mean+1 & w\ld become = u only ! empty phrases ( a f>-away baseless ye>n+1 :i* ev5 n[ 7ap>t f ! life ( ! ,holy ,_s in=m+ u7 !y are ev] too ready to become4 ,x is hop$ t ev5 su* brief /atem5ts may at lea/ s]ve to indicate h[ x is true t ! :ole ( our ,*ri/ian cre$1 ev5 ^? p>ts :i* seem mo/ sep>able f x1 or antec$5t to x1 are = u really conta9$ 9 ! "o crucial doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation1 t is1 ( ! et]nal ,godhead ( ! ,man ,*ri/ ,jesus4 ,& ?is w compel u once m to recognise ! simplicity ( ,*ri/ian dogma4 ,x does n mean a complicat$ sy/em ( arbitr>y def9itions ^u a great v>iety ( subjects ( religi\s speculation1 =mulat$ "o aft] ano!r by human +5uity1 & impos$ by human despotism ^u ! consci5ces ( ! un?9k+ or ! submissive2 x means r ! simple expression 7gu>d$ accord+ to exp]i5ce ( misconception7 ( ! fundam5tal fact ( ! ,inc>nation1 toge!r ) su* revelation z to ! relations ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 & ! wond] ( ,8 "w among/ m51 z is cle>ly lit up by ! ev5t ( ! ,inc>nation itself1 & is requir$ = su* appreh5sion ( ! mean+ & effects ( ! ,inc>nation1 z ,jesus ,*ri/ held to be meet & necess>y = u4 ,& s x is ) all p>ts ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,if !y w\ld be f\nd to be necess>ily conta9$ 9 a full unfold+ ( ! great tru? :i* ! ,cre$ s briefly & simply decl>es1 !n !y really are p>ts ( our fai?1 because !y are really involv$ 9 ! und]/&+ ( ! ?reefold revelation to man ( ! ,"n ( ,god1 :i* is ! sum total ( our fai?4 ,b if ! ,"n ( our ,god does n conta9 !m1 !y are n 9 our cre$ or our fai?4 ,is !re1 = example1 a visible ,*ur*8 ,is !re an ,apo/olic ,m9i/ry8 ,! answ] dep5ds on ! inquiry z to :at is reveal$1 fir/ 9 ,scripture1 & !n 9 hi/ory1 z to ! me?od ( ! work+ ( ! ,_s ( ,*ri/ 9 ! _w4 ,did ! ,old ,te/am5t prefigure1 9 action & 9 utt]ance1 did ! ,inc>nation require1 did ! ,gospels int]pret or comm5t ^u1 did ! ,apo/les organize or gov]n1 any def9itely articulat$ society1 ) c]emonies or (fic]s1 rules or discipl9e1 ( its own8 ,0 ?is1 ! me?od ( association & memb]%ip1 or 0 "s o!r1 ! mode ( ! work+ ( ! ,_s ( ! ,*ri/ among m58 ,is ! "w ( ,*ri/1 9 r$eem+ & reconcil+ to ,god1 is ,8 pres5t relation to ! _w1 prop]ly intelligible1 or n1--ap>t f ! ,*ur*8 ,is ! m9i/ry ( ! ,*ur*1 or are ! sacram5ts ( ! ,*ur*1 to ^? :o ?\ghtfully read ,scripture & hi/ory1 a demon/rable "p1 or normal condition1 ( ! work+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/ 9 ! ,*ur*8 ,if s1 belief 9 !m is conta9$ 9 my words1 n only :5 ,i say1 ',i believe 9 ! holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*1' b also1 ?\gh less pla9ly1 :5 ,i say1 ',i believe 9 ! ,holy ,gho/4' ,b if n1 x is n conta9$4 ,if !y are really sep>able f ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 truly und]/ood1 or f ! und]/&+ ( ! ,holy ,_s & ,8 "w1 !n !y are no "p ( :at any ,*ri/ian ne$ believe4 ,b s f> z ! holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*1--s f> z ! ord]ly1 cov5ant$ "w ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! _w1--involves & conta9s ! idea ( ! m9i/ry or ! sacram5ts1 s f> e ,*ri/ian w "k1 j 9 proportion z he kn[s ! true mean+ ( 8 cre$1 t he is b\nd to !m4 ,x is no "p ( my bus9ess to pursue ! "q ( ! sacram5ts or ! m9i/ry fur!r "h4 ,x may be obs]v$1 p]haps1 t ! ,cre$ conta9s no proposition expressly ab\t ourselves1--ab\t ! fall1 = in/ance1 or ab\t s94 ,yet 9 & f ! fir/ ^w ( ! ,cre$1 ,i ( c\rse am pres5t !re3 & z to =mal propositions ab\t myself1 x may be t !y are n s mu* articles ( belief1 z1 r1 conditions ( m9d antec$5t to belief1 conditions ( self-consci\sness to :i* belief fits & responds1 & )\t :i* ! ,cre$ itself w\ld be un9telligible4 ,b :at is ?us necess>ily impli$ & involv$ 9 ! t]ms ( ! ,cre$1 is aft] all sub/antially conta9$ 9 t ,cre$ to :i* x is a condition ( intelligibl5ess4 ,( c\rse my cre$ necess>ily presupposes myself4 ,i _c believe at all1 except ,i am1 & h a c]ta9 hi/ory & faculties4 ,i _c believe 9 ,god z ,fa!r1 z ,almighty1 z ,creator1 )\t imply+ & includ+ )9 t belief ! fundam5tal facts ( my nature & relation to ,him4 ,i _c believe 9 ! ,inc>nation & ! ,r$emption1 _! mean+ or _! consequ5ces1 ,i _c believe 9 ! ,holy ,_s1 or h any intellig5t appreh5sion ( ,8 work+1 except !re be impli$1 z conditions ( my consci\sness necess>y to t intellig5ce1 "s appreh5sion ( t :i* is meant by ! fall1 "s inali5able s5se ( evil1 ( s91 ( ! bani%m5t f ,god :i* is ! fruit ( s91 ( ! inh]5t contradiction to my nature1 ! unnatural p5alty & horror1 :i* ! bani%m5t ( s9 involves4 ,s probation1 judgm5t1 heav51 hell1 are beliefs :i* gr[ by inevitable consequ5ce out ( ! appreh5sion1 once grasp$1 ( ! nature & di/9ction ( good & evil2 !y are necess>y coroll>ies f ! full p]ception ( ! et]nal rightness ( "r1 ! et]nal wrongness ( wrong1 ! et]nal sep>ation & contra/ betwe5 "r & wrong2 9 a ^w1 f belief 9 ,god on ! "p ( man4 ,p]haps ?is illu/ration may s]ve to %ew h[ mu*1 t is n obvi\s 9 ! lett]1 may nev]!less be really conta9$ 9 man's utt]ance ( ! ,"n ( ,god4 ,,iii4 ,b :ile ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* :i* h] ,cre$s express are ?us z simple z !y are pr(\nd1 x is no d\bt true t !re has gr[n up r\nd ab\t !m a consid]able body ( !ological tea*+1 m or less complicat$1 :i* is really ( ! nature ( comm5t ^u !m1 or explication ( _! nature & mean+4 ,:5 we speak ( ! dogmas ( ,*ri/ianity1 x is "r to di/+ui%1 ) ! cle>e/ possible l9e ( dem>cation1 betwe5 all ?is mass ( explanatory tea*+ 7m or less au?oritative z x may f "t to "t appe> to be7 & ! c5tral tru?s !mselves1 :i* are our real c]ta9ties4 ,! doctr9e itself is "o ?+3 ! !ories explicative ( ! doctr9e are ano!r4 ,!y may be ( ! highe/ value 9 _! own "t & place2 b !y are n ! immutable pr9ciples ( ,*ur* tru?4 ,to say ?is is n really to depreciate ! "w ( !ological writ]s & tea*]s ( diff]5t ages2 b x is to assign to _! "w its true position4 ,! curr5t mode ( expla9+ a doctr9e 9 "o age1 & br++ x home by illu/rations to ! imag9ation ( m51 may be discr$it$ & sup]s$$ 9 ano!r4 ,:5 ! curr5t mode ( /atem5t or illu/ration beg9s to be m or less discr$it$1 ! m9ds ( quiet p are apt to be di/ress$4 ,?is is because v few ( u c di/+ui% betwe5 ! tru?s !mselves :i* we hold1 & ! 7(t5 mi/ak57 modes ( expression by :i* we seem to expla9 our tru?s to ourselves4 ,ev5 :5 our explanation is sub/antially true1 ! doctr9e is /ill a diff]5t ?+ f our explanation ( x2 & if any imp]fection is detect$ 9 our explanation ( x1 x is n tru? :i* suff]s2 x is only t tru? is be+ di/+ui%$ f our imp]fect & unconsci\s glosses2 & !reby 9 ! end ! tru? c only be s]v$4 ,p]haps no illu/ration ( ?is c be m conv9c+ ?an t :i* ! hi/ory ( ! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t supplies4 ,t ,*ri/ di$ ^u ! cross = u1 t ,he (f]$ ,himself z a sacrifice1 & t we are r$eem$ ?r\gh ,8 blood1 ?is is a belief fundam5tal to ,*ri/ianity2 nor has ! ,*ur* ev] wav]$ = an in/ant 9 h] /rong fai? 9 ?is4 ,b :5 we g fur!r1 & come to ! diff]5t illu/rations t h be5 giv5 to make ! precise nature ( ,atonem5t cle> to human logic1 :5 9 fact we ent] ^u ! doma9 ( explicative !ories1 we h n only left ! sure gr\nd ( ! ,cre$s1 & emb>k$ ^u views :i* may or may n be correct1 b we f9d1 z a fact1 t ! modes ( ?\ght :i* seem$ adequately to expla9 ! doctr9e to ! consci5ce ( "s ages1 h n only fail$ to satisfy1 b h actually %ock$ & (f5d$1 o!rs4 ,! tea*+ t ,god 0 angry1 b t ,jesus1 z a result ( g5tl] m]cy1 & ?r\gh ,8 innoc5t blood1 appeas$1 by satisfy+1 ! wra? ( ! ,fa!r1 & s reconcil$ ,god to u2 ! tea*+ t ,satan _h obta9$ a "r ov] man1 b t ,jesus1 by giv+ up ,himself1 paid a spl5did ransom into ! h&s ( ,satan2 ! tea*+ t a debt 0 due f humanity to ,god1 & t ,jesus1 clo!d z man1 alone c\ld deliv] man by dis*>g+ ,god's debt3 ^!--be !y popul> blund]+s1 or g5u9e ef=ts ( ,!ology--may1 9 _! times1 h bo? help$ & w\nd$ consci5ces2 b :e!r !y be to u z helps or h9drances1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance t we %\ld discrim9ate !m1 or o!rs :i* may h succe$$ to !m z !ories explanatory ( ! ,atonem5t1 f our c>d9al belief 9 ! ,atonem5t itself4 ,we may h rightly se5 :at is vici\s 9 ^! /atem5ts1 & we may h greatly improv$ ^u !m1 b h[ev] mu* m helpful our modes ( exposition may prove !mselves to our own m9ds or ^? ( our he>]s1 we may only be repeat+ ! old error1 & lead+ ! way to fre% di/resses 9 ! future1 if we conf\nd our mode ( explanatory comm5t ) ! tru? ( ! doctr9e itself1 & claim t ! my/]i\s fact ( ! ,atonem5t means exactly t :i* is our own be/ approa* to a /atem5t1 9 illu/rative words1 ( :at x expresses to u4 ,b x may be ask$1 ,are y n say+ too mu*8 ,does n ?is seem to mean t ! doctr9es !mselves are little bett] ?an un9telligible symbols1 :i* ne$ n inde$ be *ang$ = ! simple reason t !y c be made to mean :atev] is necess>y to suit ! times8 ,no1 ! tru? ( !m does n *ange2 & ev5 ! *angeful modes ( pres5t+ !m are less *angeful1 aft] all1 ?an !y seem4 ,!y _c indef9itely v>y2 !re is "o ?+ :i* unites !m all1 & t is ! tru? itself :i* lies beh9d !m all4 ,! ,atonem5t is a fact1 :e!r ,i c adequately exp\nd x or no4 ,! ,atonem5t is a fact1 :i* my attempt$ expositions d inde$ repres5t1 m or less correctly1 m or less clumsily1 ev5 :5 ,i seem mo/ to h fail$4 ,mu* z !y may seem to diff]1 & inconsi/5t z !y may appe> ) ea* o!r1 yet n "o ( !m really repres5ts untru? b tru?4 ,imp]fect images !y may be1 & 9 respect ( _! imp]fections1 div]se & di/ort+2 yet !re is n "o ( ! !ories ( ,atonem5t ref]r$ to above--n ev5 su* z are n[ se5 to conta9 mo/ error--:i* did n1 z s]i\sly held1 repres5t & convey "s real image ( ! tru?4 ,x may be t ! tru? :i* !y repres5t$ 0 convey$ 9 an inexact way2 & t aft]w>ds1 :5 att5tion 0 conc5trat$ on ! po9ts ( inexactness1 ! /atem5t became1 & w\ld h become1 m & m mislead+2 x 0 no long] !n a possible vehicle ( tru?2 b :at x _h really convey$ to ^? to :om x 0 liv+1 0 a real s\l-enlight5+ image ( ! tru? ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,x 0 an imp]fect image2 x 0 ev5 9 "p a di/ort$ image1--z ev]y?+ t ,i see ?r\gh my w9d[ is 9 "p di/ort$4 ,b x 0 a real image ( ! real tru? none ! less4 ,local & popul> modes ( exposition !n are (t5 z ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* dogmatic tru? is se5 & appreh5d$1--n always1 c]ta9ly1 )\t di/ortion4 ,b ! m ca?olic ! tru?1 ! m x reta9s its id5tity ( =m1 h[ev] remote f ea* o!r1 9 place or "t1 ! div]se types ( m9d :i* view & tea* x1 s mu* ! pur] mu/ x be f accid5tal or tempor>y condition+s2 s mu* ! ne>]1 9 rank1 to a fundam5tal doctr9e ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,we d n1 ( c\rse1 di/+ui% ,ca?olic dogma f !ological lit]ature1 z ?\gh ! "o 7 b>e facts1 & ! o!r all explanations ( ! facts4 ,b we may rightly conf9e ! use ( ! ^w 'dogma' to ! fundam5tal facts1 toge!r ) su* explanation ( !m z ! ,*ur* has agre$1 by univ]sal in/9ct1 or by dogmatic decree endors$ ?r\gh ecum5ical acceptance1 to be ess5tial to a reasonable appreh5sion ( ! facts4 ,x is ! m important to gu>d ) unfalt]+ cle>ness ?is di/9ction betwe5 dogma on ! "o h&1 & !ological lit]ature on ! o!r1 because x is1 no d\bt1 9 ! sph]e ( explanatory !ories & expressions1 t mo/ ( ^? controv]sies f9d _! place1 :i* di/ress quiet m9ds1 & r\se hot battles ( or?odoxy betwe5 s9c]e ,*ri/ian combatants4 ,if x c\ld be recognis$ at ! "t h[ f> ! app>5t innovators ( successive g5]ations 7 really que/ion+ n ! doctr9es !mselves1 b c]ta9 traditional modes ( ?\ght & tea*+ :i* h wrongly adh]$ to ! doctr9es1 !re w\ld be few] accusations ( het]odoxy1 & less di/ress & p]plexity among/ ! or?odox4 ,b x is natural en\gh t ?is %\ld n be p]ceiv$ by ! def5d]s1 :5 ! innovators !mselves are s (t5 bo? bl9d & indiff]5t to x4 ,& x is j h]e9 t ! diff]5t innovators are apt to make !mselves indef5sible4 ,too (t5 !y ?9k t !y are mak+ real advance ^u ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* & h] ,cre$s1 & !y are elat$1 in/ead ( be+ a%am$1 at ! ?\ght4 ,!y make light ( loyalty1 !y despise ! bir?right ( _! ,*ur*man%ip1 & f9d _! own self-exaltation 9 ! v consci\sness ( (f5d+ _! bre?r54 ,?is1 :e!r done "u provocation or no1 is to dep>t f ! _s ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 9 temp] & mean+ at lea/1--ev5 ?\gh _! "w 9 ! long run %\ld prove 7z x mu/ s f> z !re is tru? 9 x7 only to s]ve ! int]e/ & "w ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is easi] to see ?is 9 retrospect ?an 9 /ruggle4 ,b p]haps ^? :o look back ^u ! /ruggles ( ! la/ g5]ation )9 ! ,*ur*1 w recognise t ! or?odox ?\ght ( ! pres5t day has be5 n a little cle>$ & s]v$1 n m]ely by ! "w ( or?odox def5ce1 b 9 no small "p by ! "w ( ! 'lib]aliz]s' also4 ,to say ?is1 is by no means necess>ily to acquit ! lib]aliz]s1 or to ca/ a slur ^u ^? :o f\ght aga9/ !m4 ,su* condemnations or acquittals dep5d ^u o!r consid]ations1 :i* d n conc]n u "h4 ,b putt+ :olly aside z irrelevant all condemnation or acquittal ( individuals1 we may yet ackn[l$ge t ! "w done has 9 ! end s]v$ ! cause ( ! tru? & ! ,*ur*4 ,?is is said1 ( c\rse1 ( its real intellectual outcome2 c]ta9ly n ( ! unsettl+ ( s\ls by ! way4 ,& x is also to be not$ t ev5 :5 ! fruit ( _! "w has be5 9 a real s5se1 aft] all1 accept$ & incorporat$1 x is h>dly ev] 9 ! s5se1 & nev] q ) ! results1 :i* !y1 s f> z !y _h all[$ !mselves to be malcont5ts1 _h suppos$4 ,b if :atev] is good & true 9 _! "w becomes1 aft] all1 an elem5t 9 ! consci\sness ( ! ,*ur*1 might n ! "w itself h be5 done1 all along1 9 p]fect ,*ur* loyalty8 ,9 s f> z diff]5t e>ne/ writ]s ( a g5]ation ago1 or ( to-day1 are really1 :e!r consci\sly or n1 mak+ a contribution to "o ( ! great !ological tasks ( our "t1 9 s f> 7t is7 z !y are help+ t[>ds ! correction ( errone\s fancies ( popul> !ology1--help+1 = in/ance1 to modify t sup]/iti\s ov]-/atem5t ab\t 'ju/ification' :i* w\ld really leave no mean+ 9 'righte\sness2' or to limit ! grossness ( ! !ory (t5 repres5t$ by ! ^w 'imputation2' or to rebuke ! n]v\s selfi%ness ( religioni/s ^: "o idea ( ! mean+ ( religion 0 'to be sav$2' or to qualify ! mat]ialism or sup]/ition ( ignorant sacram5tali/s2 or to bani% dogmatic realisms ab\t hell1 or explications ( atonem5t :i* malign ,god's ,fa!rhood2 or ! freez+ *ill & p>alysis ( all life suppos$ be=e n[ to be necess>ily involv$ 9 ! ,apo/olic words 'pr$e/9ation' & 'election2' s f> !y are really1 ?\gh x may be f ! outside & v indirectly1 do+ ! "w ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b ! pity ( x is t ! m5 :o d ?is k9d ( s]vice are s apt to spoil x1 by ov]valu+ !mselves & =gett+ ! lovel9ess & ! p[] ( p]fect subord9ation to ! ,*ur*4 ,we may own t ,*ur* p & ,*ur* rul]s h too (t5 be5 ! /umbl+-block4 ,x is !y :o aga9 & aga9 h seem$ to fight aga9/ ev]y?+1 & by intellectual apa?y1 & /]n moral proscription ( e =m ( m5tal difficulty 7:]e9 (t5times are ! bir?-?roes ( enlight5m5t7 to drive liv+ & gr[+ intellig5ce out ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is true t ! greate/ ( ,*ur*m5 w\ld1 if ! badge ( _! "w 7 submissiv5ess1 h sometimes to wait a:ile1 & be> delay1 & wrong f inf]ior m9ds1 ) ! pati5ce ( humility4 ,yes2 b t "w ( !irs1 if x once 7 /amp$ ) ?is seal ( pati5t submissiv5ess1 w\ld be a glory to ! ,*ur* = ev]1 l ! "w ( h] quiet confessors1 ! "w ( a ,scupoli1 a ,k51 or a ,fnelon2 in/ead ( be+1 z x m (t5 seems to be1 a great (f5d+ & p]plex+ ( ?\s&s ( ! v consci5ces :i* des]ve to be treat$ mo/ t5d]ly1 & !re=e also a wrong & a loss to ! consci5ce & "* ( ! writ]4 ,are /atem5ts l ^! a concession to ! antidogmati/8 ,if s1 !y are "o to :i*1 9 ! "n ( tru?1 he is he>tily welcome4 ,& p]haps1 "u ! same high sanction we may add :at w look1 to "s m9ds1 l ano!r4 ,we claim$ "s "t s9ce t ! ,cre$ mu/ be1 to ,*ri/ians1 r a complete & conclusive ?an a p>tial or a t5tative /atem5t ( tru?4 ,yet !re is "o s5se 9 :i* we may own t ev5 ! def9itions ( ! ,cre$s may !mselves be call$ relative & tempor>y4 ,= we mu/ n claim = phrases ( e>?ly co9age a m ?an e>?ly & relative complet5ess4 ,! ,cre$s are tempor>y1 9 t !y are a complete & suffici5t /atem5t ( tru? only = "t4 ,& !re=e !y are only q p]fectly adequate to express ^? tru?s :i* h _! place 9 "t4 ,b we1 9 respect ( tru?s :i* transc5d "t1 if we _c z yet be fre$ f ! trammels & limits ( e>?ly ?\ght & expression1 yet c recognise at lea/ ! fact1 t we are1 ev5 9 our ,cre$s1 /ill lab\r+ )9 ^? trammels4 ,we may h gr\nd = believ+ ! ,cre$s ( ! ,*ur* to be ! mo/ p]fectly balanc$ & h>moni\s expression ( ! tru? :]e( our e>?ly k is1 or w be1 capable4 ,yet :5 we /ruggle1 z 9 ! language ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$1 to express ! relations :i* h be5 exhibit$ to u 9 ! et]nal ,godhead ?r\gh ! use ( ! words ',p]son' & ',sub/ance1' or & 2 or :5 we ?us pr(ess our belief 9 ! ,p]son ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ',! ,holy ,gho/ is ( ! ,fa!r & ( ! ,son3 nei!r made1 nor creat$1 nor begott51 b proce$+1' ne$ we fe> to own t ! in/rum5ts :i*1 p]=ce1 we make use ( ^u e>?1 ev5 9 ! ,cre$s ( ! ,*ur*1 are necess>ily imp]fect in/rum5ts2 ! p[] ( conception imp]fect2 ! p[] ( phrase & imag]y imp]fect also2 & t _! suffici5cy ( tru? 7?\gh n _! correctness mean:ile7 is s f> tempor>y t x is limit$ to e>? & to "t2 & t1 9 ! p]fect light & k ( ! pres5ce ( ,god1 ! p]fecte/ k repres5t$ by !m w be sup]s$$ & absorb$1 :ile ! glosses & mat]ialisms ) :i*1 9 v>i\s ways1 we may h be5 unconsci\sly clo?+ !m to our own imag9ations1 w be--n sup]s$$ only b correct$1 &1 x may be1 reprov$8 ,moreov]1 if ! tru?s repres5t$ 9 ! ,cre$s are wid] & deep] ?an our conceptions ( !m1 we c admit t !re may possibly be p>ticul>s 9 :i*1 ev5 n[1 ! exp]i5ce ( spiritual life may deep5 & enl>ge ! mean+1 to u1 ( our ,cre$s2 z1 = in/ance1 ! words heav5 & hell may pres5t to u ideas diff]+1 9 ! direction ( m correctness1 f ^? :i* !y pres5t$ to "s ( our =efa!rs4 ,x is n t ! ,cre$s w be "s day correct$4 ,x is n t we %all see h]eaft] h[ false !y 71 b h[ f> ! be/ conceptions :i* !y op5$ to u1--! be/1 t is1 t our e>?ly faculties 7 capable (1 lagg$ 9 _! clums9ess beh9d ! p]fect appreh5sion ( ! tru?s :i* !y _h1 nev]!less1 n untruly repres5t$2 b :i* we !n %all h p[] to see & "k z !y are4 ,! tru? :i* is dimly imag$ = u 9 ! ,cre$s1 w nev] belie1 b w inf9itely transc5d1 :at _! words repres5t$ on e>?4 ,b x w v naturally be ask$ by :at "r we speak ?us ( ! ,cre$s4 ,9 ! v mom5t ( admitt+1 9 "o s5se1 _! incomplet5ess & want ( f9ality1 by :at "r d we lay d[n /ill t !y are f9al & complete to ! end ( "t2 t is1 p]haps1 ?r\gh ages ( human advance1 ( :i* we may h n[ no conception at all8 ,su* a "q does n apply to ! /rictly hi/orical /atem5ts :i* con/itute ! f\ndation ( our cre$1 b to ^? int]pretations ( hi/orical fact1 & to ^? ass]tions ab\t ! ,div9e ,be+ & its relations1 :i* necess>ily transc5d "t & exp]i5ce4 ,& aft] all1 p]haps1 ! answ] is n difficult4 ,we h to consid]1 fir/1 t = ! v reason t ^! beliefs d absolutely transc5d "t & exp]i5ce1 !re=e no human developm5t :i* belongs m]ely to "t & exp]i5ce1 c1 9 itself1 displace or improve ^u !m2 & secondly1 t our k ( ^! tru?s is really d]iv$ f a ,div9e revelation1 :i* took place1 z we believe1 )9 "t & exp]i5ce4 ,we may say1 inde$1 t ! /atem5ts ( ?is ,div9e revelation are corroborat$ to u1 by su* elem5ts ( ?\ght z our reason 7:i* we believe to be also 9 its reality ,div9e7 is able to supply4 ,x rema9s1 h[ev]1 t !y c only really be prov$ or disprov$1 by argum5ts :i* g to prove or disprove ! tru? ( ! hi/orical ,inc>nation1 & ( ! revelations :i* x conta9s4 ,x foll[s f h5ce t we h a valid "r to hold !m n only true1 b f9al 9 _! /atem5t ( tru? = ?is pres5t _w1 exactly s f> z we h a "r to believe t our hi/orical revelation is1 = "t1 a f9al "o4 ,%\ld !re1 inde$1 be a :olly fre% revelation1 ! am\nt ( tru? hi!rto reveal$ might be sup]s$$2 b no?+ %ort ( a revelation c sup]s$e x4 ,! idea t any advance ( human reason c\ld be inconsi/5t ) x1 involves = ! ,*ri/ian :o believes human reason to be div9ely reflect$ & div9ely implant$1 no?+ less ?an an un?9kable contradiction4 ,we may !re=e believe x 9 any case to be f9al1 till ! com+ ( a fur!r revelation3 & s f> z !re is any?+ 9 ! tru? already reveal$ to u1 :i* may w>rant u 9 feel+ confid5t t !re is no fre% revelation 9 /ore1 )9 ! limits ( "t1 by :i* ! revelation ( ,jesus ,*ri/ w be sup]s$$1 j s f> & no fur!r are we ju/ifi$ 9 claim+ = ^? clauses 9 ! ,cre$1 ^: subject-matt] transc5ds "t & exp]i5ce1 t !y are ! complete/ expressions ( _! tru?s :i* c be rea*$ 9 "t4 ,,iv4 ,x may1 p]haps1 be a matt] ( prud5ce to ref] = a mom5t to :at are call$ ! 'damnatory clauses' ( ! ,a?anasian ,cre$2 ?\gh x w\ld n be necess>y to d s = ! purpose ( any positive /atem5t or explanation ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,^! clauses1 h[ev]1 to ! positive /atem5t add a negative4 ,x is easy to misund]/& !m1 & ev51 by misrepres5t+1 to make !m appe> grotesque4 ,b if ! "q be z to :at !y really mean1 !y are1 aft] all1 to ! ,*ri/ian1 an obvi\s & necess>y coroll>y ( ! ,cre$ :i* is 8 life4 ,!re is b ,"o ,god1 & ,"o ,heav51 & ,"o ,salvation2 n a *oice ( alt]native salvations1 or heav5s1 or gods4 ,!re is ,"o ,inc>nation1 ,"o ,cross1 ,"o ,div9e re/or+ & exalt+ ( humanity4 ,!re is ,"o ,_s ( ,god1 ,"o ,*ur*--! fabric & ! me?od ( ! work+ ( ! ,_s1--,"o ,spiritual ,cov5ant ) man4 ,man mu/ h "p 9 ?is ,"o1 or he has "p 9 none2 = !re is no o!r4 ,man mu/ h k ( ?is ,"o1 belief 9 ?is ,"o2 or !re is none = him to believe 9 or to "k4 ,god's cov5ant is ) ,8 ,*ur* on e>?2 & ! /atem5ts ( ! ,cre$ are ! repres5tation 9 words ( t k ( ! tru? :i* ! ,*ur* possesses1 ! possession ( :i* is h] life4 ,! ,a?anasian ,cre$ is n address$ to outsid]s1 b to ^? :o are )9 ! ,*ur*4 ,= enc\ragem5t1 or 7if necess>y7 = w>n+1 x insi/s to !m on ! uniqu5ess ( _! fai?4 ,to h hold on ,god is to h hold on ,life4 ,to revolt f ,god is to revolt f ,life4 ,?is is s1 to ^? :o h or ought to h le>nt t x is s1 bo? 9 fact & 9 ?\ght4 ,?us1 9 fact1 to drop out ( communion ) ! ,inc>nation ( ,*ri/1 is to drop out ( communion ) ! inn] realities & possibilities ( humanity4 ,b ! m9d1 & its convictions & mean+s1 _c :olly be sep>at$ f ! facts ( ! life4 ,!re comes1 at lea/ 9 mo/ lives1 a "t :5 ! man's own allegiance to ! facts is a necess>y condition ( 8 id5tification ) !m4 ',if ye believe n t ,i am ,he1 ye %all die 9 y\r s9s4' ,!re comes a po9t at :i* ! m9d's refusal ( ! doctr9es ( religion is ! man's revolt f ! facts2 & su* a revolt is repudiation ( ! ,"o revelation ( ,god1 ! ,"o ,inc>nation1 ! ,"o ,salvation1 ! ,"o ,*ur* or ,cov5ant4 ,?is mu/ be broadly true1 true 9 ! ab/ract1 z pr9ciple1 unless tru? & falsehood1 "r & wrong1 are fundam5tally false di/9ctions1 & e man is to be equally good1 & equally compell$ to heav54 ,at :at po9t any individual p]son1 or class ( p]sons1 does1 or does n1 9 ! sight ( ! ,judge :o kn[s ! :ole inw>d hi/ory1 & tries ! mo/ secret motive1 fall )9 ! scope ( ?is pr9ciple1 & incur ! f9al condemnation ( rebellion aga9/ ! "o light & hope ( all humanity1 is ano!r "q altoge!r4 ,any su* application ( ! pr9ciple to ! case ( individuals belongs only to ,god ! ,judge1 & w\ld be an arrogant impiety 9 any man4 ,ev5 :5 su* a "q may h to be det]m9$ ecclesia/ically1 ! ecclesia/ical condemnation & s5t5ce1 ?\gh expressly repres5t+ 9 %ad[ ! et]nal s5t5ce1 is none ! less q di/9ct1 & inde$ 9 its ultimate motive ev5 contra/$ ) x4 ,b h[ev] un*ri/ian x may be to say t ,a or ,b w p]i% ev]la/+ly1 ! pr9ciple nev]!less is true1 t ! tru? :i* ! ,cre$ embodies1 ! tru? ( :i* ,*ri/'s ,inc>nation is ! pivot & c5tre1 is ! only deliv]ance f ev]la/+ p]i%+2 & t :ole-he>t$ union & communion ) ?is tru?1 is t true /ate ( ,*ur* life :i* alone has ! c]ta9 seal ( ! cov5ant ( ,god4 ,?is broad tru? x is1 ! necess>y complem5t ( any hold+ ( ! ,*ri/ian cre$ z true1 :i* ^! clauses affirm4 ,if x be said1 'y\r ,a?anasian ,cre$ is simple & tr5*ant2 x has no qualifications su* z y admit'2 our reply w\ld be ?reefold4 ,fir/1 ! ,cre$ is "p ( our h]itage f ! pa/1 & its phraseology is n our h&iwork2 b we "k t ! necess>y qualifications ) :i* we und]/& its phraseology h be5 g5]ally recognis$ by ! ,*ur* f :i* we inh]it x4 ,secondly1 ! ,quicunque vult is1 /rictly1 n s mu* a cre$ z a canticle2 x has nev] be5 us$ z a te/ ( ,*ur* communion2 & x speaks1 on a po9t l ?is1 z ! ,te ,deum w\ld speak1 9 ! language n ( judicial aw>d b ( devotional loyalty4 ,?irdly1 ! qualifications ) :i* we say t any g5]alisation ab\t man's responsibility = belief1 :e!r 9 ?is 'canticle' or 9 scripture1 mu/ necess>ily be und]/ood1 are only su* z all m5 apply to any simil> g5]alisation ab\t responsibility = conduct4 ',if ye believe n t ,i am ,he1 ye %all die 9 y\r s9s1' is p>allel$ by ',!y :i* d su* ?+s %all n inh]it ! k+dom ( ,god4' ,we claim only to int]pret ! "o z rationally z all m5 und]/& ! o!r4 ,x has seem$ to be desirable1 :ile insi/+ ^u ! claims ( dogma1 n inde$ 9 ! "n ( allegiance to impos$ au?ority1 b 9 ! "n ( tru?1 & on ! gr\nd ( its simple id5tity ) tru?1 to try to /ate1 ) ! utmo/ possible pla9ness1 :atev] c\ld be truly admitt$ 9 ! way ( app>5t qualification ( ^? claims4 ,tru? is supreme1 & et]nal2 & dogma1 s f> z x co9cides ) tru?1 is1 ( c\rse1 all t tru? is4 ,= ! dogmatic position ( ! ,*ur* & h] ,cre$s1 we claim t x is ! true & simple expression ^u e>? ( ! highe/ tru? t is1 or c be1 kn[n4 ,b dogmatic !ologians are n infallible1 & s f> z ! "n ( dogma has be5 claim$ = mi/ak5 presumption or mislead+ /atem5t ( tru?1 s f> may dogma h seem$ to fight aga9/ tru?4 ,! words1 inde$1 'dogmatic' & 'dogmatism' h acquir$ a bad reputation4 ,b ?is is n ! fault ( dogma4 ,a dogmati/1 9 ! invidi\s s5se ( ! ^w1 does n mean "o :o /udies dogma1 b r "o :o fooli%ly utt]s :at are n dogmas z if !y 74 ,! dogmatic temp] is ! temp] ( "o :o is imp]i\sly confid5t t he is "r :5 he is n4 ,t is to say1 ! words dogma1 dogmatic1 dogmatize1 etc41 are commonly us$ ( some?+ :i* is ! m]e abuse & trave/y ( _! prop] mean+4 ,x is h>d t dogma itself %\ld be prejudic$ by ?is c>icatur+ misuse ( its "n4 ,mean:ile1 if real *>ges be br\ght aga9/ any "p ( our dogmatic cre$1 we are will+ mo/ hone/ly to exam9e into !m4 ,9 s f> z !y are made aga9/ curr5t suppositions1 :i* are sep>able f our ess5tial belief1--sep>able z1 = example1 we n[ see v>i\s details ( traditional belief ab\t ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis to be sep>able--we jo9 our critics 9 ! exam9ation ) a m9d z op5 z !y c\ld desire4 ,& x mu/1 9 simple c&\r1 be admitt$ fur!r1 t ^u ! appe>ance ( any new =m ( ?\ght1 ,*ur*m5 h n g5]ally be5 quick ( m9d to discrim9ate ! ess5tial f ! non-ess5tial1 s z to receive at fir/1 ) any op5ness ( m9d1 :at !y _h aft]w>ds to admit t !y might h receiv$ f ! fir/4 ,b n ev5 ?is admission mu/ prev5t u f claim+1 t :5 t to :i* exception is tak5 does really belong to ! ess5tial tru?s ( our cre$1 :i* to u are m absolutely e/abli%$ c]ta9ties ?an any?+ 9 heav5 & e>? besides1 !y mu/ p>don u if1 :ile we are /ill will+ to give ! mo/ c&id he>+ possible to ev]y?+ t !y h to urge1 we yet _c1 if we w\ld1 dive/ ourselves ( ! deepe/ c]ta9ties ( our exi/5ce2--_c !re=e pret5d to argue ) m op5ness ( m9d ?an w\ld sci5tific pr(essors--say ) a *ampion :o und]took to prove t ! globe 0 flat1 or t ! sun w5t r\nd ! e>?4 ,we are ready to li/5 to ev]y?+4 ,we are fully prep>$ to f9d t ! *ampion may produce 9 evid5ce "s ph5om5a :i* we %all be unable to acc\nt =4 ,we h f\nd x be=e2 we are n unaccu/om$ to f9d+ x 7?\gh1 9 good "t1 ! p]plexity always unravels itself72 & we %all be 9 no way disconc]t$ if we f9d x aga94 ,b we _c pret5d mean:ile to hold all ! tru? :i* our consci5ces h kn[n 9 susp5se4 ,v4 ,:at 0 said j n[ ab\t ! ,cre$s w n1 x is hop$1 appe> to any m9ds to fail 9 ! entire respect :i* is due to !m4 ,yet x makes x1 p]haps1 ! m incumb5t ^u u to take notice ( ano!r =m ( attack ^u dogma1 :i* connects itself ) an attitude ab\t ! ,cre$s1 su* z may seem at fir/ sight to be n :olly dissimil>2 ?\gh pres5tly all ! f\ndations ( dogma are dissolv$ by x4 ,b 9 po9t ( fact1 if we admit t :at ! ,cre$s mean on e>?1 is less ?an :at ! same tru?s w mean 9 heav51 or t !re may be1 ev5 "h1 a clumsi]1 & a complet]1 und]/&+ ( !m2 ?is is a position ess5tially diff]5t f ma9ta9+ t :at ! ,cre$s bo? say & mean1 is n only less ?an1 b 7if /rictly tak57 inconsi/5t )1 ! real tru?2 & t n 9 any transc5d5t s5se1 z cele/ial be+s1 ) :olly o!r faculties1 may conceivably h p[] ( appreh5d+ x 9 heav51 b z ! m intellig5t among u may1 & d1 see x n[4 ,?is is n only to admit t ! ,cre$s are built up1 p]=ce1 ( mat]ials :i* belong to ?is e>?2 b to treat !m z m]e s]viceable fictions = ! tea*+ ( ! unciviliz$ or ! "y4 ,! delib]ate unbeliev]1 inde$1 assumes t ! ,cre$s mean :at !y say1 & t ! ,*ur* und]/&s ! ,cre$s4 ,assum+ ?is1 he p>ts company ) ! ,*ur*1 because he holds t ! /atem5ts ( h] ,cre$s are1 9 fact1 fictiti\s4 ,b x may surprise u to f9d t !re is ano!r =m ( ?is view ( ! fictiti\sness ( ,cre$s1 & t "h ! critic speaks1 n at all 9 ! "* ( an unbeliev]1 b r 9 t ( an enlight5$ ,*ur*man4 ,all ,*ri/ian tru?1 he says1 is true4 ,ev5 ! ,cre$s 9 a real s5se repres5t ! tru?4 ,b ! ,*ur*'s und]/&+ & expression ( ,*ri/ian tru? 9 ! ,cre$s1 is1 none ! less1 /rictly1 a misrepres5tation ( ! tru?4 ,?\gh ! tru? ( ,*ri/ lies beh9d ! ,*ur*'s ,cre$s1 yet !y h s ov]laid1 & !reby1 9 /rict spee*1 mis/at$ x1 t x is only ! pati5ce ( criticism1 :i* cutt+ bravely adrift f ! au?ority ( traditional int]pretation1 has succe$$ 9 discrim9at+ betwe5 ! ,cre$s & ! mean+ ( ! ,cre$s1 & beh9d :at are practically ! fictions ( dogmatic ,*ri/ianity1 has re-discov]$ ! g]ms ( ,*ri/ian tru?4 ,nei!r ! facts ( ! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 nor ,8 tea*+1 nor ,8 consci\sness 9 reg>d ( ,himself1 7 z we h be5 taught1 b 7 some?+ diff]5t4 ,he nev] ?\ght nor taught ( ,himself z p]sonally ,god1 nor did ,he p]=m any miracles1 nor did ,he rise on ! ?ird day f ! dead4 ,:atev] scriptures /ate ^! ?+s explicitly1 are prov$ by t v fact to be glosses or errors4 ,& yet1 all ! :ile1 ev]y?+ is true spiritually4 ,! record ( ! ,inc>nate ,life is true lit]ally1 x may be1 at comp>atively few po9ts2 c]ta9ly n ! /ory ( ! ,bir?2 c]ta9ly n ! /ory ( ! ,resurrection2 c]ta9ly n any incid5t :i* involves1 or any expression :i* implies1 miracle4 ,b ! ,bir?1 ! ,resurrection1 ! miracles1 e "o ( !m1 repres5t1 9 ! mo/ spl5did ( imag9ative language & portraiture1 ess5tial spiritual tru?s4 ,!y are fictions1 b vivid repres5tations1 9 fiction1 ( fact2 spl5did tru?s1 !re=e1 s long z !y are und]/ood to be lit]ally fictiti\s1 b p]v]sions ( tru?1 if tak5 = tru? ( fact4 ,x is ?is conception :i* 0 set =? n long ago ) a s+ul> p[] & p]suasiv5ess by ! au?or ( ,! ,k]nel & ! ,husk4 ,! l(ty level ( ?\ght1 ! re/ra9t & felicity ( language1 above all ! deeply religi\s _s ( ! au?or1 inve/ 8 argum5ts ) a *>m ( unusual attractiv5ess4 ,! argum5ts are n su* z x is :olly pleasant to see ?us recomm5d$4 ,he deals 9 detail1 9 ! c\rse ( ! volume1 ) mu* ( ! n>rative ( ,scripture1 ) ! purpose ( %ew+ h[ "o by "o ! v>i\s records1 includ+ ( c\rse ! ,bir? & ,resurrection1 h gr[n to _! pres5t =m out ( realities :i* conta9$ no miracle1 & :i* !re=e diff]$ ess5tially f ! hi/orical scriptures & fai? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,x is no "p ( our task to ent] ^u su* details4 ,nor is x necess>y4 ,! /ruggle aga9/ su* a !ory ( ,*ri/ianity w n be f\ght out on details4 ,x may be conc$$ t _m ( ! miracles1 tak5 s+ly1 c easily be made to fall 9 ) conjectural !ories z to a my?ical orig91 if only ! antec$5t conviction aga9/ _! reality z miracles be cog5t en\gh really to require t ! necess>y =ce %\ld be put ^u ! evid5ce4 ,"s inde$ may l5d !mselves to ! process ) a facility :i* fairly surprises u4 ,o!rs seem /ill to be v ob/9ate1 & =ce ! rationaliz] into /range hypo!ses4 ,b aft] all1 ! real "q1 ?r\gh "o & all1 is n h[ easily ?is or t miracle c be made1 by squeez+ ( evid5ce1 to squ>e ) a rationaliz+ hypo!sis2 b :at is ! /r5g? ( ! argum5t = ! rationaliz+ hypo!sis itself1 :i* is ! w>rant = squeez+ ! evid5ce at all4 ,! ,evangeli/s say t ,jesus taught 9 ! synagogue at ,cap]naum4 ,our au?or takes = grant$ t ,he did s4 ,! ,evangeli/s say t ,jesus miracul\sly multipli$ loaves & fi%es 9 ! wild]ness4 ,our au?or takes = grant$ t ,he did n s4 ,n[ :y ?is contra/8 ,incid5tally1 inde$1 x may be rem>k$ t on ! au?or's own g5]al me?od1 ?is multiplication ( loaves ought to be "o ( ! mo/ c]ta9 facts 9 ! life ( ,*ri/1 z x is emphasiz$ 9 e ,gospel4 ,b ?is is by ! way4 ,! real gr\nd ( ! contra/ 9 ! treatm5t ( ! same evid5ce is a c]ta9 prior conviction ) :i* ! evid5ce is approa*$4 ,n[ we are n cont5d+ t any su* sift+ ( evid5ce 9 ! light ( prior te/s is inadmissible4 ,on ! contr>y1 !re is h>dly anyone :o does n1 on a simil> pr9ciple1 expla9 ! diff]5ces 7= example7 9 ! acc\nts ( ! title ^u ! ,cross1 or ! difficulty z to :e!r ,jesus heal$ "o bl9d man or two1 on ! way into1 or out f1 ,j]i*o2 b we d say t ! admissibl5ess ( su* a me?od ( int]pret+ absolutely dep5ds ^u ! c]ta9ty ( ! correctness ( ! prior conviction itself4 ,! v>i\s details ( +5uity1 !n1 ) :i* he expla9s away p>ticul> incid5ts1 are to u ( q subord9ate int]e/4 ,ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ! cog5cy ( ! gr\nds = expla9+ away at all4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! book is occupi$ 9 expla9+ away ! facts ( ,*ri/ianity1 z ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has hi!rto und]/ood !m2 an expla9+ away :i* may be m or less necess>y1 m or less satisfactory1 if ! premisses :i* require x are once admitt$2 b :i* c]ta9ly is :olly unnecess>y1 & :olly unsatisfactory1 if ^? premisses are d5i$4 ,! prior conviction 9 ! book 9 "q is t miracles nei!r d1 nor did1 happ5 9 fact1 & !re=e t any n>rative :i* involves !m is incr$ible4 ,all ! +5uities ( conjecture on individual po9ts become relevant subsequ5tly to1 & 9 reliance ^u1 ?is und]ly+ pr9ciple4 ,admit ?is1 & !y are =?) int]e/+ & valuable4 ,d5y ?is1 & !y lose _! importance at once4 ,x is ! pressure ( ?is prior conviction :i* seems to give life & =ce to a numb] ( sugge/ions1 ab\t o!r /ories1 & p>ticul>ly ab\t t ( ! ,resurrection1 :i*1 ap>t f ?is animat+ conviction1 w\ld be felt to be v lifeless2 & to a total exp]im5t ( subjective recon/ruction1 :i*1 b = ! /r5g? ( ! antec$5t conviction1 w\ld h be5 impossible to m5 ( rev]5t ?\ght & mode/ utt]ance4 ,! tea*+ ( ! book w !re=e really be accept$ or ! rev]se1 precisely accord+ z ! m9ds ( its read]s d1 or d n1 incl9e to admit ! hypo!sis ^u :i* x dep5ds4 ,x is probable1 inde$1 t ! au?or w\ld demur to ?is /atem5t1 at lea/ :5 put s simply2 on ! gr\nd t1 ?\gh he av[s ! conviction1 yet he has rea*$ ! conviction itself by no priori road1 b z ! result ( wide obs]vation & unprejudic$ scrut9y ( evid5ce4 ,n[ x is n at all meant to be ass]t$ t ! conviction aga9/ miracle is itself rea*$ m]ely by an priori me?od4 ,no d\bt x has1 9 fact1 be5 arriv$ at1 9 ^? m9ds :i* h fully arriv$ at x1 n priori1 b z ! result ( a great induction f exp]i5ce2 practically inde$1 z x seems to !m1 f exp]i5ce z good z univ]sal4 ,! weight ( ! evid5ce 9 ?is direction is nei!r d5i$ nor =gott54 ,yet ev5 :5 x mo/ impresses u1 ( c\rse x is obvi\s /ill to reply to ourselves t h[ev] p[]ful ?is array ( exp]i5ce may appe> s long z !re are no in/ances to ! contr>y1 yet any "o contr>y in/ance w break at once ! cog5cy ( ! induction4 ,! case ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is put =w>d z be+ unique4 ,its uniqu5ess is n really qualifi$ by ! fact t "s o!rs1 among ^? ne>e/ to ,himself1 7 by ,him enabl$--av[$ly 9 ,8 p[]1 n _! own1--to d acts :i* 7 impossible to o!r m54 ,?is is only a wid] ext5sion ( ,8 unique p[]1 n a qualification ( x4 ,aga9/ su* a case1 put =w>d on evid5ce def9ite & multi=m1 & put =w>d z ess5tially unique1 an argum5t f induction is no argum5t at all4 ,x is a misnom] to call ! induction an argum5t4 ,! induction1 9 fact1 is m]ely an obs]vation t o!r p]sons did n p]=m simil> miracles2 & t1 if ,jesus ,*ri/ did s1 ,he 0 unique4 ,b ?is is no answ] to ! ,*ri/ian position4 ,x is "p ( ! position itself4 ,& s ! matt] mu/ be ref]r$ = settlem5t to ! evid5ce t is actually =?com+ ab\t ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b x is pla9 t ! inductive presumption aga9/ miracle1 d]iv$ f exp]i5ce ( o!r m51 mu/ n come 9 to w>p or rule ?is evid5ce4 ,x may be pres5t inde$ z a sort ( cross-exam9+ c\nsel1 z a consid]ation requir+ t ! evid5ce %\ld be mo/ m9utely scrut9iz$1 & sugge/+ all sorts ( que/ions ) a view to ?is4 ,b into ! evid5ce itself1 x _c be p]mitt$ to intrude4 ,n[1 x is "p ( our compla9t aga9/ su* writ]s z ! au?or ( ,! ,k]nel & ! ,husk1 t h[ev] mu* _! g5]al presumption aga9/ miracle may h be5 inductively & pati5tly rea*$2 yet :5 !y come to deal ) ! evid5ce ab\t ,jesus ,*ri/1 ?is conviction 7:i* ought to /& on "o side inquir+ly7 becomes to !m an und]ly+ po/ulate2 x is settl$ be=eh&2 x is pres5t ) !m 9 _! exegesis1 n simply z a motive = sift+ ! evid5ce c>efully1 b z a t\*/one ( tru? by :i* x may all be tri$4 ,probably ! au?or w\ld believe t he has rea*$ 8 conviction aga9/ ! miracles ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 n m]ely f a g5]al induction z to ! abs5ce ( miracle 9 ! lives ( o!rs1 b also f an unprejudic$ scrut9y ( ! evid5ce ( ! life ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,b ?is is j :at we are n at all prep>$ to conc$e4 ,on ! contr>y1 we ma9ta9 t 8 scrut9y is :olly prejudic$4 ,exam9e ! evid5ce ) a bias suffici5tly p[]ful aga9/ belief 9 miracle2 & y may end 9 ! result :i* ?is au?or rea*es4 ,exam9e x )\t su* a bias2 & y w f9d y\rself at e turn prote/+ aga9/ 8 mode ( treat+ ! evid5ce4 ,x is a scrut9y ( ! evid5ce on ! basis ( ! inadmissibl5ess ( miracles1 :i* gives him t coh]5t !ory ab\t ! gr[? ( ! ,*ri/ian tradition1 & ^? consequ5t pr9ciples ( int]pretation ( ! text ( ! ,gospels1 :i* he appe>s to reg>d z ! simple result ( ! evid5ce itself4 ,we %all v likely be surpris$ to f9d t1 aft] all1 ! ab/ract impossibility ( miracle is n laid d[n1--nay1 is expressly disclaim$1--by him4 ,miracle 7if we rightly und]/&7 is n impossible absolutely1--n ev51 he adds1 priori improbable2 yet x is equival5t to an impossibility1 because ! w ( ! ,fa!r indwelt :olly 9 ,jesus1 & because ! p]fect uni=mity ( natural processes z we h exp]i5c$ !m1 is1 9 fact1 & ) no exceptions1 ! w ( ! ,fa!r#bae4 ,no g5]al reflections ^u our dep5d5ce1 9 ord9>y life1 on ! good fai? ( an uni=m nature1 ought to bl9d u to ! fact t ?is la/ position nei!r has1 nor c h1 any adequate gr\nd at all4 ,x is surpris+ t ) s weak a /atem5t ( ! impossibility ( miracle1 ! pr9ciple ( ! impossibility ( miracle %\ld h to be> ! extraord9>y weight t is put ^u x4 ,no?+ %ort ( a demon/ration ( ?is impossibility w\ld fully ju/ify ! critical position t is adopt$4 ,= x is1 9 fact1 ^u ?is impossibility t ! :ole re-read+ ( ! hi/ory is bas$4 ,x is probably true t if once ! hypo!sis ( ! impossibility ( miracle be accept$ z practically c]ta91 an e>ne/ m9d1 p5etrat$ ) ?is z its ov]rul+ pr9ciple1 & dwell+ ^u ! ,gospels always & only 9 ! light ( ?is1 w be compell$ gradually to re-read 9 "o place & re-int]pret 9 ano!r1 until ! :ole has be51 by /eps t ^u ! hypo!sis 7 irresi/ible1 metamorphos$ into a =m z unlike z possible1 inde$1 to :at x wore at fir/1 b /ill "o :i* c be felt to be preci\s & beautiful4 ,b we are entitl$ to po9t out h[ absolutely ?is re-read+ ( ! evid5ce dep5ds ^u ! tru? ( ! pr9ciple :i* und]lies x4 ,= ! sake ( ?is1 all sorts ( viol5ce has to be done to :at w\ld o!rwise be1 9 "o incid5t aft] ano!r1 ! obvi\s mean+ ( words1 ! obvi\s outcome ( evid5ce4 ,)\t ! c]ta9ty ( ?is1 ! new me?od ( read+ mu/ be critically condemn$ z baseless & arbitr>y4 ,?is alone makes x rationally possible4 ,)\t ! /rong cog5cy ( ?is x falls in/antly to pieces4 ,n[ or?odox ,*ri/ians are sometimes accus$ ( read+ _! hi/orical evid5ce 9 ! light ( a preconception4 ,!y beg9 ) ! doctr9e ( ! ,cre$1 & read all records ( fact ) ! conviction ( t doctr9e 9 _! he>ts & consci5ces4 ,we ne$ n be altoge!r conc]n$ to combat ?is /atem5t4 ,p]haps few records are read1 or w\ld ev] be read intellig5tly1 except 9 ! light ( ! read]'s preconceptions4 ,b our po9t is to see cle>ly t at all ev5ts ! new read+ ( ! ,gospel hi/ory is itself s entirely ! outcome & creature ( its antec$5t pr9ciple1 t x _c )\t t hold toge!r = an in/ant4 ,let u be cont5t1 = ! mom5t1 to view ! or?odox ,*ri/ian & ! new rationali/ z bo? alike really read+ ! ,gospel n>rative 9 ! light ( a preconceiv$ pr9ciple2 ! "o view+ ev]y?+ on ! basis ( ! p]fect ,div9ity ( ! hi/orical ,jesus ,*ri/ 7) ! coroll>y t x is impossible = u to det]m9e priori :at p[] ,8 p]fect ,humanity--= :i* we h no prec$5t--w\ld1 or w\ld n1 naturally & necess>ily exhibit72 ! o!r view+ ev]y?+ on ! basis ( ! absolute impossibility1 or at lea/ ! incr$ibl5ess1 ( miracle4 ,we might po9t out t ! =m] 9 8 hypo!sis has a pr9ciple :i* absolutely fits & p]fectly acc\nts = e "p ( ! evid5ce :i* confronts him2 :ile ! latt] is compell$1 by ! cog5cy ( 8 pr9ciple1 to recon/ruct = himself almo/ e *apt] ( ! evid5ce4 ,& if we g "o /ep fur!r back1 & ask1 :at is ! antec$5t reasonabl5ess ( ! "o hypo!sis1 or ( ! o!r8 f :at s\rce is ea* d]iv$8 ,we mu/ claim x z simple fact1 t ! =m] hypo!sis is itself ! direct outcome ( ! evid5ce1--! inevitable outcome1 inde$1 s long z ! evid5ce /&s3 :ile ! o!r is at bottom1 an assumption1 held absolutely 9 ! tee? ( ! evid5ce actually exi/+ 9 respect ( ! life & consci\sness ( ,jesus ( ,naz>e?1 & itself on o!r gr\nds n m]ely unprov$1 b ess5tially incapable ( pro(#baf4 ,b if our hypo!sis is itself ! outcome ( ! evid5ce1 & fits ) p]fect exactness into all its intricacies1 !n we yield f> too mu* if we treat x z on ! level ( a m]e preconception4 ,to p]si/ 9 read+ ! ,new ,te/am5t by ! light ( ! preconception ( ! dogma ( ,*ri/'s ,godhead 7) ! coroll>y t no miracle is incr$ible z miracle71 is to be prejudic$ only 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* ! sci5ti/ is prejudic$ :o p]si/s 9 /udy+ ! records ( a/ronomy 9 ! light ( c]ta9 preconceptions z to ! p>abola or ! law ( gravitation4 ,b :at is ! case ) ! o!r hypo!sis8 ,by x ! hi/orical ,jesus ,*ri/ is swept away2 & ano!r p]sonality1 :i* does n exi/ 9 ! hi/ory at all1 b :i* ! hi/ory has sugge/$ to c]ta9 e>ne/-m9d$ critics ( our own day1 is sub/itut$ 9 ,8 place4 ,all ^? :o witness$ ( ,8 words & de$s to ! ,*ur*1 all ^? ^: witness ! ,*ur* has accept$ & seal$1 are ?or\ghly mi/ak51 mi/ak5 9 ! v po9ts :i* to !m 7 fundam5tal4 ,h[ev] hone/ !y may h be5 9 _! sup]/iti\s ignorance1 !y c]ta9ly bore to ! _w :at 01 9 fact1 false te/imony4 ,x is impressive1 ) a /range impressiv5ess1 to foll[ ?is hypo!sis ?r\gh ! /ory ( ,*ri/'s life2 & see ) :at +5uity1 (t5 plausible1 (t5 pa!tic1 ! old facts are refa%ion$ to meet ! new pr9ciple4 ,c>d9al1 ( c\rse1 9 difficulty z 9 importance1 is ! n>rative ( ! ,resurrection2 t pla9 /atem5t ( fact1 to te/ify :]eto 0 ! prim>y qualification1 & prim>y function1 ( ,apo/le%ip2 & :i*1 f ,s4 ,pet] & ,s4 ,paul d[nw>ds1 has always be5 recognis$ z c>d9al to ! fai? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,n[ giv52 fir/1 ! c]ta9 conviction t no miracle occurr$2 & secondly1 a work+ hypo!sis z to ! gr[? ( ! ,*ri/ian ,scriptures1 :i* n only enables1 b requires1 y to set aside1 on gr\nds ( subjective criticism1 all su* evid5ce z seems to y to be improbable2 & x foll[s t1 if y are /ill ( a v religi\s m9d1 y w probably h to take refuge 9 :at may yet be to y ! beautiful /ory ( a ,resurrection exclusively spiritual4 ,y mu/1 ( c\rse1 deal v viol5tly ) ! direct evid5ce4 ,b t is already cov]$ by ! g5]al !ory y h rea*$ z to ! hi/orical g5esis & value 7or lack ( value7 ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,&1 ( c\rse1 9 adopt+ su* a view ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 y are r$uc+ to a phantasm ! reality ( y\r belief 9 ! ,holy ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* has en%r9$ & consecrat$1 z p]fecte/ tru?1 :at are really at be/ only fables1--capable1 inde$1 ( clumsily repres5t+ ! tru? to ! *ildi% or ! /upid1 b beg9n+ to be absolutely p]nici\s to m9ds :i* h rea*$ a c]ta9 po9t ( intellig5t education4 ,tol]at+ ^! ?+s1 h[ev]1 y may admit ! tru? ( ! ,resurrection 7z y may admit e proposition ( ! ,cre$7 9 words2 only 9 a s5se s ref9$1 s exclusively spiritual1 t no bodily reality ( resurrection is left4 ,!re is no resurrection 9 y\r cre$ correlative to ! dy+4 ,!re is no resurrection m1 or m demon/rable1 ?an :at we believe to be true ( m5 9 g5]al4 ,!re is no resurrection :i* ent]s )9 ! ord9>y sph]e ( human hi/ory1 or admits any direct contact ) ! normal me?ods ( human evid5ce or human pro(4 ,! "q rais$ is n :e!r curr5t imag9ations ( ! ,resurrection may possibly be m or less exagg]at$ 9 ! way ( mat]ialism1 b :e!r !re 0 any corporeal reality ( resurrection at all4 ,& ! "q is settl$ 9 ! negative4 ,! f\ndation fact ( ! ,cre$ is e!realiz$ away2 & all ! re/1 ) x1 becomes toge!r impalpable & subjective4 ,we d n say t !re is n a l>ge elem5t :i* is true1 9 ! ?\ght ( su* a writ] z we h be5 consid]+4 ,:]e ! m9d is s dev\tly 9 e>ne/1 x is no h>d task to believe t x too mu/ be animat$ orig9ally by tru?4 ,we ne$ n say1 !re=e1 t ! "w ( ?is e>ne/ness may n s]ve u all1 & contribute to ! ?\ght ( u all4 ,x may well be true t 9 our bald und]/&+ ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,resurrection1--or inde$ ( ! :ole ,inc>nation1 f beg9n+ to end1--we h1 _m ( u1 too little imag9$ ! scope & dep? ( its spiritual import4 ,if our or?odoxy has be5 s well cont5t ) insi/+ me*anically ^u ! lit]al fact1 z n only to =get1 b to disda9 or dis[n 9 any measure1 ! va/ spiritual realities :i* x ought to express to u2 !n our /upidity1 or n>r[ness1 9 or?odoxy1 is 9 "p to blame1 = ! di/a/e :i* !y h creat$ t[>ds or?odoxy 9 "s natures m s5sitive ?an our own4 ,9 s f> z !y c1 9 ?is respect1 return good = evil1 we w n be sl[ to ackn[l$ge our debt to !m4 ,we w be grateful = any new sugge/ion !y c discov]1 z to ! moral beauty or import ( ! ,resurrection1 or ( ! ,inc>nation1 or ( any or e o!r miracle consid]$ ^u its moral side z allegory4 ,"s ways at lea/ !re may be1 9 :i* _! insi/ance may t5d to deep5 = u our und]/&+ ( tru?s1 ^: m spiritual aspects we _h dwelt ^u p]haps1 9 "s cases1--p]haps _h ev5 imag9$1--f> too little4 ,b d\btless t true elem5t ( _! "w1 :i* ! m9d ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* w assimilate1 w be greatly modifi$ f ! =m 9 :i* x n[ pres5ts itself--to !m z to o!rs4 ,x w1 to say ! lea/1 be positive r ?an negative2 /imulat+ spiritual s5sibilities1 b n by expla9+ away ! facts ( ! body2 wid5+ 7x may be7 our insight into ! div95ess ( hi/ory1 & ! dep? ( ! mean+ ( c]ta9 ev5ts :i* happ5$ 9 x1--b n %att]+ bo? x & !m1 by dissolv+ _! hi/orical tru?4 ,mean:ile ( ! "o-sid$ aspect we c b say t no d\bt transc5d5tal spiritualism has a great attractiv5ess4 ,! ,magian aspiration always 0 fasc9at+4 ,individuals1 inde$1 ( en?usia/ic sympa?ies1 tra9$ !mselves 9 dogmatic tru?1 & indulg+ _! free/ speculations always on a backgr\nd ( invet]ate dogmatic in/9ct1 may fancy ! 'spiritualiz$ ,*ri/ianity' to be 9 itself a /able & a liv+ complet5ess2 b z a sy/em1 x w nei!r produce life nor p]petuate x4 ,x is an attempt to improve ^u ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/1 ^u ! conditions ( human nature1 ^u ! facts ( hi/ory4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is n s4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ does n ignore ! fundam5tal conditions ( human exp]i5ce4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ is balanc$1 h>moni\s1 all-embrac+1 all-adju/+4 ,! ,inc>nation 0 ! sanctify+ ( bo? p>ts ( human nature1 n ! abolition ( ei!r4 ,! ,*ur*1 ! ,sacram5ts1 human nature1 ,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself1 all are tw(old2 all are e>?ly objective1 z well z transc5d5tal spiritual4 ,& s long z ?is _w is real z well z ! next2 s long z man is body z well z s\l2 s long all attempts to evaporate ! body & its realities are =$oom$ to a necess>y & a salut>y failure4 ,! religion1 :i* attempts to be rid ( ! bodily side ( ?+s spiritual1 soon] or lat] loses hold ( all reality4 ,pure spiritualism1 h[ev] noble ! aspiration1 h[ev] liv+ ! en]gy ) :i* x />ts1 always has end$ at la/1 & w always end1 9 evanesc5ce4 #bae ,see especially ! conclud+ p>agraphs ( lett] xix4 #baf ',! "q ( miracles seems n[ to be admitt$ on all h&s to be simply a "q ( evid5ce4' ,^! are ! words z mu* ( ,pr(essor ,huxley z ( ! ,duke ( ,argyll4 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,april #ahhg1 p4 #dhc3 cp4 ,feb4 #ahhg1 pp4 #bja1 etc4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,atonem5t4 ,,ar?ur ,,lyttelton4 ,i4 ,!ological doctr9e1 describ+1 z x pr(esses to d1 ! deal+s ( an all-wise ,p]son ) ! human race1 mu/ be a consi/5t :ole1 ea* "p ( :i* reflects ! on5ess ( ! w on :i* x is bas$4 ,:at we call p>ticul> doctr9es are 9 reality only v>i\s applications to v>i\s human conditions ( "o great uni=m me?od ( ,div9e gov]nm5t1 :i* is ! expression 9 human affairs ( "o ,div9e w4 ,! !ological /atem5t ( any "p ( ?is me?od ought to be> on its face ! m>ks ( ! :ole f :i* x is tempor>ily sep>at$2 = ?\gh x may be necess>y to make n[ ?is1 n[ t doctr9e prom95t1 to isolate x & lay /ress on x1 ?is %\ld be done 9 su* a way t 9 ea* special tru? ! :ole %\ld1 9 a mann]1 be conta9$4 ,we mu/ be able to trace out 9 ea* ! l9es ( ! ,div9e action :i* is only fully display$ 9 ! :ole4 ,neglect ( ?is n only makes our fai? z a :ole weak & incoh]5t1 b deprives ! doctr9es !mselves ( ! illum9ation & /r5g? :i* are af=d$ by ! discov]y 9 !m ( mutual lik5ess & h>mony4 ,!y become fir/ un9telligible & !n inconceivable1 & ! revelation ( ! "* ( ,god1 :i* %\ld be p]ceiv$ 9 e "p ( ,8 deal+s ) m51 becomes confus$ & dim to u4 ,?is has be5 especially ! case ) ! ,atonem5t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( religi\s controv]sy ?is doctr9e has become sep>at$ f ! re/1 at "o "t neglect$1 at ano!r ov] emphasiz$1 till 9 its isolation x has be5 s /at$ z to be almo/ incr$ible4 ,m5 c\ld n inde$ be br\ght to disbelieve 9 =giv5ess1 h[ev] atta9$1 & ! conviction ( remission ( s9s ?r\gh & 9 ! ,blood ( ,*ri/ has surviv$ all ! !ories :i* h be5 fram$ to acc\nt = x2 b nev]!less1 ! unreality ( ^! !ories has be5 a disa/] to ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,"s ( !m h /ra9$ our belief 9 ! moral attributes ( ,god1 o!rs h giv5 m5 easy ?\ghts ( s9 & its consequ5ces4 ,?is has be5 s because !y h treat$ ! ,atonem5t ap>t f ! :ole body ( facts :i* make up ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ,god & ,8 deal+s ) m54 ,9 ?is essay ! attempt w be made to pres5t ! doctr9e 9 its relation to ! o!r great ,*ri/ian tru?s3 to ! doctr9es1 t is1 ( ,god1 ( ! ,inc>nation1 ( s94 7#a7 ,on ! human side ! fact ) :i* we h to deal is ! fact ( s94 ,( ?is conception ! ,bible1 ! mo/ complete record ( ! religi\s hi/ory ( man1 is full f ! fir/ page to ! la/4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole c\rse ( ,jewi% developm5t1 ! idea t man has (f5d$ ! ju/ice ( ,god 0 "o ( ! abid+ elem5ts 9 ! religi\s consci\sness ( ! race4 ,b x 0 by no means conf9$ to ! ,jews4 ,!y h be5 truly call$ ! cons]vators ( ! idea ( s92 b x has nev] be5 p]man5tly abs5t1 9 "s =m or o!r1 f ! human m9d1 al?\gh we le>n mo/ ab\t x1 & c see x 9 its cle>e/1 mo/ int5se =m1 9 ! ,hebrew religion4 ,n[ ?is conception ( s9 9 its effect on ! human s\l is ( a tw(old "*4 ,s9 is felt to be ali5ation f ,god1 ,:o is ! s\rce ( life1 & /r5g?1 & peace1 & 9 consequ5ce ( t ali5ation ! :ole nature is weak5$ & corrupt$4 ,9 ?is aspect s9 is a /ate 9 :i* ! w is sep>at$ f ! ,div9e w1 ! life is cut (f f ! life ( ,god :i* ,he design$ u to %>e4 ,:5 m5 come to realize :at is meant by union ) ,god1 & to feel ! awful consequ5ces ( sep>ation1 !re arises at once ! long+ = a return1 a reconciliation2 b ?is long+ has by itself no p[] to effect s great a *ange4 ,to pass f ali5ation to union is to pass f d>kness to light1 f evil to good1 & c only be accompli%$ by t v p[]1 ! p[] ( a life unit$ to ,god1 :i* has be5 =feit$ by s94 ,only 9 union ) ,god c man accompli% any?+ t is good2 &1 !re=e1 s long z he is ali5at$ f ,god1 he c only long =1 he _c obta91 8 reunion ) ! ,div9e life4 ,s9 !re=e1 ?us consid]$1 is n only wick$ness2 x is also mis]y & hopelessness4 ,s9n]s are ')\t ,god 9 ! _w1' & = t reason !y 'h no hope4' ,?is is ! aspect ( s9 z a /ate ( ! s9ful s\l1 & z affect+ ! pres5t relation betwe5 man & ,god4 ,x has de/roy$ ! union1 has brok5 d[n ev5 ! sacrificial bridge1 = x has made all acceptable (f]+s impossible4 ,man's w is weak5$1 !re=e he has n /r5g? to (f] himself completely & unres]v$ly to ,god2 8 nature is corrupt$ & /a9$1 !re=e 8 (f]+1 c\ld he make x1 c\ld n be accept$4 ,s9 is a hopeless /ate ( weakness & uncleanness4 ,b !re is ano!r1 9 "o s5se an e>li]1 m fundam5tal aspect ( s94 ,! s9s ( ! pa/ h produc$ n m]ely weakness & corruption1 b also guilt4 ,! s9n] feels himself guilty be=e ,god4 ,if we exam9e ! idea ( guilt1 z realiz$ by ! consci5ce1 x w be se5 to conta9 ! belief 9 an ext]nal p[]1 or law1 or p]son aga9/ :om ! (f5ce has be5 committ$1 & also an int]nal feel+1 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ill-des]t1 a s5se ( be+ "u s5t5ce1 & t ju/ly4 ,:e!r ! puni%m5t :i* is felt to be ! due rew>d ( ! (f5ce has be5 borne or n1 ! conception ( puni%m5t1 :5 ! (f5ce has be5 committ$1 _c be avoid$1 & x br+s ) x a conviction ( its ju/ice4 ,^! two elem5ts1 ! ext]nal & ! int]nal elem5t1 seem to be necess>y to ! full conception ( guilt4 ,! common fallacy t a self-indulg5t s9n] is no "o's enemy b 8 own w\ld1 7 x true1 involve ! fur!r inf]5ce t su* a s9n] w\ld n feel himself guilty4 ,b x is precisely because ! consci\sness ( s9 does n & _c /op "h t1 ov] & above any injury to self1 any weakness or ev5 corruption produc$ by s91 we speak ( its guilt4 ',aga9/ ,!e1 ,!e only1 h ,i s9n$1 & done t :i* is evil 9 ,?y sight4' ,?is belief 9 an ext]nal p[]1 ^: condemnation has be5 incurr$ by s91 may take v>i\s =ms2 = ! p[] may be repres5t$ z imp]sonal or z p]sonal1 z law or z ,god4 ,= our pres5t purposes1 h[ev]1 ! di/9ction is immat]ial3 ! ess5tial po9t is t x is some?+ ext]nal to ourselves1 n m]ely ! e*o ( ! s9n]'s own self-inflict$ pa9 & injury4 ,we _c1 h[ev]1 limit x to ?is4 ,= x is n m]ely an ext]nal p[]1 x is also a j p[] t is pres5t$ to ! s5se ( guilt4 ,be=e b>e p[]1 unrighte\s or non-moral1 an (f5d] may be compell$ to submit1 b he w n feel guilt4 ,! /ate ( m9d express$ by ,mill's well-kn[n defiance is 8 :o has (f5d$ a sup]ior p[] :i* he _c believe to be j1 & x is v f> remov$ f ! feel+ ( guilt9ess#bag4 ,! s5se ( guilt implies ! righte\sness z well z ! p[] ( t aga9/ :i* we h (f5d$2 x is a moral conviction4 ,guilt9ess1 !n1 reg>d$ 9 "o aspect is ! s5se ( s91 9 ano!r x is ! recognition ( ! law ( righte\sness1 or1 if we may n[ assume ! religi\s po9t ( view1 x is ! conviction ( ! wra? ( ,god aga9/ s94 ,x is pla91 if we w only scrut9ise closely & c&idly ! conception ( s9 & guilt1 t no m]ely 'subjective' explanation w acc\nt = ! facts reveal$ by our consci\sness4 ,ev5 if we _h no scriptural evid5ce to guide u1 ! evid5ce1 t is1 to take x at ! l[e/1 ( a s]ies ( specially qualifi$ witnesses to religi\s ph5om5a1 our own he>ts w\ld tell u ( ! wra? ( ,god aga9/ s94 ,x is irresi/ibly felt t !re is a ,p[] ho/ile to s91 & t ?is ,p[] has decre$ a righte\s puni%m5t = ! (f5ces :i* are ! ext]nal signs & results ( ! s9ful /ate4 ,:atev] ! puni%m5t may be1 a "q we ne$ n n[ discuss1 ! s9n]'s consci5ce w>ns him ( x4 ,he may app>5tly1 or = a "t1 escape x2 b x is none ! less felt to be ! fitt+ expression ( ,div9e wra?1 ! righte\s manife/ation ( ! ho/ility ( ,god's nature to s9 & all its consequ5ces4 ,guilt1 !n1 l s91 has its tw(old "*4 ,x is ! belief 9 an ext]nal ho/ility to s9 express+ itself 9 puni%m5t1 & also ! conviction t su* puni%m5t is righte\s & j4 ,?us1 :5 once ,god is recognis$ z ! (f5d$ ,p]son1 ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ! righte\sness ( ,8 judgm5t foll[s4 ',aga9/ ,!e1 ,!e only1 h ,i s9n$1 & done t :i* is evil 9 ,?y sight2 t ,?\ mighte/ be ju/ifi$ :5 ,?\ speake/1 & be cle> :5 ,?\ judge/4' 7#b7 ,correspond+ to ! s5se ( s9 9 its tw(old aspect we f9d1 n only 9 ! ,mosaic sy/em or 9 ! scriptural hi/ory1 b almo/ univ]sally e/abli%$1 ! sy/em ( sacrifice4 ,x is n necess>y to ma9ta9 t sacrifice1 9 its ess5tial idea1 0 int5d$ to express ! consci\sness ( s94 ,r1 x seems to be1 ess5tially1 ! expression ( ! v opposite ( s91 ( t relation ( man to ,god :i* s9 de/roy$#bah4 ,x is sometimes said t sacrifice is ! recognition ( ,god's sov]eignty1 ! tribute paid by ,8 subjects4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 a necess>y elem5t 9 ! conception ( sacrifice1 = ,god is our ,k+2 b x does n satisfy ! :ole consci\sness :i* man has ( 8 orig9al relation to ,god4 ,t is a relation1 n ( subjection only1 b ( union at lea/ z close z t ( sons to a ,fa!r1 a union :]eby we d]ive life f ,8 life1 & r5d] back absolute unque/ion+ love to ,him4 ,sacrifice is1 9 its highe/1 orig9al mean+1 ! outw>d expression ( ?is love4 ,z human love naturally takes outw>d =m 9 gifts1 & ! clos]1 ! m f]v5t x is1 makes ^? gifts m & m p]sonal1 till at la/ x :olly gives itself2 s sacrifice %\ld be ! recognition ( our union ) ,god1 an expression ( our love = ,him1 giv+ ,him all t we h & all t we are4 ,submission1 rev]5ce1 love are ! orig9al feel+s :i* sacrifice 0 int5d$ to repres5t2 & x may be call$1 !re=e1 ! expression ( man's relations to ,god 9 _! pure/ =m1 unm>r$ & unbrok5 by s94 ,b ?is is only ! orig9al1 ideal mean+1 = ) ! intrusion ( s9 ano!r elem5t appe>s 9 sacrifice2 & m5 attempt1 by _! (f]+s1 to expiate _! (f5ces1 to cov] _! s9s1 to wipe out _! guilt1 to propitiate ,div9e wra?4 ,b ?\gh ?is new elem5t is introduc$1 ! orig9al int5tion is n altoge!r lo/4 ,! union has be5 de/roy$ by s91 b ev5 9 ! s9-(f]+s "u ! ,law !re 0 express$ ! endeav\r to rega9 x1 to ent] once m into liv+ relations ) ,god3 :ile ! normal sacrifices ( ! congregation w5t beyond ?is1 & repres5t$ ! ex]cise ( a "r bas$ on union ) ,god1 ! pres5tation ( ! p be=e ,him4 ,?us we mu/ recognise 9 ! ,mosaic sacrifices--! mo/ complete & typical =m ( ! sacrificial idea--! tw(old aspect :i* corresponds to ! tw(old effect ( s9 on ! human race4 ,!re is ! (f]+1 sometimes ! bloodless (f]+1 by :i* 0 typifi$ simply man's dep5d5ce on ,god1 8 submission to ,him1 8 life d]iv$ f ,him & !re=e r5d]$ back to ,him4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ! sacrifice culm9at$1 n 9 ! slay+ & (f]+ ( ! victim1 b 9 ! spr9kl+ ( ! blood1 ! 'pr9ciple ( life1' ^u ! alt>4 ,! prie/ly m$iators br\ght ! blood1 :i* 'make? atonem5t by reason ( ! life1' be=e ,god1 & spr9kl$ x ^u ! alt>1 9 ord] t ! lo/ union ) ,god 9 ! cov5ant might be re/or$1 & life once m d]iv$ f ,god z x _h be5 (f]$ to ,him4 ,! :ole sy/em 0 inde$ only p>tial1 tempor>y1 ext]nal4 ,! ,mosaic sacrifices 'sanctifi$ unto ! cleanness ( ! fle%1' !y did n 'cleanse ! consci5ce f dead works to s]ve ! liv+ ,god4' ,s ! re/oration :i* ! special s9-(f]+s accompli%$ 0 m]ely ext]nal & tempor>y1 ! reunion ( ! (f5d] ) ! congregation ( ,israel f :i* 8 fault _h sep>at$ him4 ,b z ?is excommunication symbolis$ ! loss1 br\ght ab\t by s91 ( life ) ,god1 s ! reunion ) ! congregation typifi$ ! reunion ( ! s9n] ) ,god4 ,z a sy/em1 !n1 ! ,mosaic sacrifices bo? correspond$ to a deep desire ( ! human he>t1 ! desire to recov] ! lo/ relation to ! ,div9e life1 & also by _! imp]fection po9t$ =w>d to a "t :51 by means ( a m p]fect (f]+1 t re/oration %\ld be complete1 accompli%$ once = all1 & et]nal4 ,?is is "o aspect ( ! sacrificial sy/em4 ,b be=e ?is typical re/oration ( life1 !re came ! my/]i\s act :i* correspond$ to ! s5se ( guilt4 ,leav+ aside ! less] (f]+s ( ! %ew-bread & ! inc5se1 x may be said g5]ally t 9 e sacrifice ! slay+ ( a victim 0 a necess>y elem5t4 ,& !re is deep significance 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ! slay+ 0 p]=m$4 ,! h&s ( ! (f]] laid ^u ! victim's head d5ot$1 accord+ to ! unv>y+ use ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! repres5tative "* ( ! animal (f]$1 & ?us ! victim 01 s to speak1 lad5 ) ! guilt ( him :o s\ght = p>don & reconciliation4 ,! victim 0 !n sla9 by ! (f]] himself1 & ! dea? ?us became an ackn[l$gm5t ( ! ju/ice ( ,god's puni%m5ts = s93 x 0 z if ! (f]] decl>$1 ',?is repres5tative ( my guilt ,i "h1 by my own act1 doom to dea?1 9 satisfaction ( ! righte\s law ( v5geance aga9/ s91 = ! s\l t s9ne? x %all die4' ,x 0 n1 !re=e1 till ! s5se ( p]sonal guilt _h be5 express$ by ! act :i* con/itut$ ! victim a repres5tative ( ! (f]]1 & by ! slay+ :i* typifi$ ! ne$ ( expiation by suff]+ = s91 t ! sacrifice 0 fit to be pres5t$ be=e ,god by ! m$iation ( ! prie/1 & ! blood1 '! life :i* _h will+ly pass$ ?r\gh dea?#bai1' c\ld be spr9kl$ z a tok5 ( re/or$ life 9 ,god4 ,a c>eful /udy ( ! ,mosaic sacrifices w %ew ! tw(old "* impress$ ^u !m4 ,bo? aspects are necess>y1 !y may ev5 be describ$ z two sides ( ! same fact4 ,be=e ,god c be approa*$ by a s9n] he mu/ expiate 8 s9 by suff]+1 mu/ p]fectly satisfy ! dem&s ( ! law1 mu/ atone = ! pa/ :i* has load$ him ) guilt3 & !n1 z "p ( ! same s]ies ( acts1 ! life s sacrific$1 s purifi$ by ! expiatory dea?1 is accept$ by ,god1 & be+ re/or$ f ,him1 becomes ! symbol & ! means ( union ) ,him4 ,=giv5ess = ! pa/1 cleans+ 9 ! pres5t1 hope = ! future1 are ?us unit$ 9 "o great symbolic c]emony4 ,! ,mosaic sy/em 0 only ext]nal1 'sanctify+ unto ! cleanness ( ! fle%'2 p>tial1 = x provid$ no expiation = ! grav] moral transgressions2 tempor>y1 = ! sacrifices _h to be repeat$ 'day by day'2 provisional1 = 'if !re 0 p]fection ?r\gh ! ,levitical prie/hood 444 :at fur!r ne$ 0 !re t ano!r prie/ %\ld arise aft] ! ord] ( ,mel*iz$ek8' ,9 spite1 h[ev]1 ( ^! obvi\s defects & limitations 9 ! ,mosaic sy/em1 !re 0 a con/ant t5d5cy among ! ,jews to re/ cont5t ) x1 to rely ^u ! efficacy ( ^! ext]nal sacrifices & c]emonies = _! :ole religion1 to believe t '! blood ( bulls & goats' c\ld 'put away s91' & t no inn] spiritual rep5tance or r5ovation 0 requir$4 ,& ! highe/ m9ds ( ! nation1 repres5t$ by ! prophets1 7 ke5ly alive to ?is dang]3 _! rebukes & remon/rances %ew h[ /rongly !y felt ! imp]fection ( ! sacrificial sy/em1 h[ x fail$ to satisfy ! really religi\s crav+s ( spiritual m9ds4 ,yet !re x 01 div9ely orda9$1 cle>ly necess>y z ! expression ( ! national religi\s life1 pr(\ndly significant4 ,x c\ld n be disp5s$ )1 yet x c\ld n satisfy3 9 its incomplet5ess1 z well z 9 its symbolism1 x po9t$ =w>d1 & =e%ad[$ a p]fect expiation4 7#c7 ,?is exam9ation ( ! sacrificial sy/em ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is necess>y 9 a discussion ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t1 = sev]al reasons4 ,! in/itutions ( ! ,law 71 9 ! fir/ place1 orda9$ by ,god1 & !re=e int5d$ to reveal 9 "s degree ,8 purposes1 ,8 m9d t[>ds man4 ,we ?us f9d 9 !m traces ( ! full] revelation :i* came aft]w>ds1 & ! two disp5sations ?r[ light on ea* o!r4 ,!n aga91 x 0 f ! ,law t ! ,jews d]iv$ _! religi\s language3 _! conceptions ( sacrifice1 ( atonem5t1 ( ! effects ( s91 7 m\ld$ by ! influ5ce ( ! ,mosaic c]emonies4 ,= ?is reason ! apo/olic doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t mu/ be look$ at 9 connection ) ! ideas inspir$ by ! ,law1 al?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ! life & "w ( our ,"l s enl>g$ ! religi\s conceptions ( ! ,apo/les z to con/itute a fre% revelation4 ,b x 0 a revelation on ! l9es1 s to speak1 ( ! old2 x took up & cont9u$ ! ideas implant$ by ! ,mosaic religion1 & display$ ! fulfilm5t ( ! e>li] promises & =eca/s4 ,x is1 !re=e1 f ! ,old ,te/am5t t we h to le>n ! vocabul>y ( ! apo/olic writ+s4 ,z ! ,messianic hopes & phraseology ?r[ light ^u ! apo/olic conception ( ! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/1 s ! sacrificial c]emonies & language ( ! ,law ?r[ light ^u ! apo/olic conception ( ! ,sacrifice1 ! ,atonem5t ( ,*ri/4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,! ,mosaic in/itutions1 9 _! g5]al outl9es1 7 no arbitr>y & artificial symbols1 b correspond$ to religi\s feel+s1 ne$s1 aspirations t may truly be call$ natural & univ]sal4 ,?is conception ( s9 9 its tw(old aspect ( ali5ation & ( guilt1 & ?is idea ( sacrifice z effect+ man's re/oration to union ) ,god1 & also z expiat+ 8 guilt by suff]+1 correspond to :at ! human consci5ce1 :5 deeply & s9c]ely inve/igat$1 decl>es to be its inmo/ secret4 ,e man :o has once realiz$ s91 c also realize ! feel+s ( ! ,jew :o long$ to make an expiation = ! guilt ( ! pa/1 to suff] "s loss1 "s p5alty t w\ld cov] 8 s91 & :o !re=e br\ght 8 (f]+ be=e ,god1 made ! unconsci\s victim 8 repres5tative1 ! be>] ( 8 guilt1 & by slay+ x /rove to make atonem5t4 ,we feel ! same ne$1 ! same long+4 ,?is load ( guilt has to be laid d[n someh[3 ?is pa/ s9fulness mu/ meet ) a puni%m5t :i* w make expiation = x3 be=e ?is lo/ union ) ,god c be re/or$ we mu/ be assur$ ( p>don1 mu/ "k t ! wra? ( ,god no long] abides on u1 b has be5 turn$ away1 & f9ds no long] 9 u ! s9 :i* is ! "o ob/acle to ! free c\rse ( ,div9e love4 ,& !n we "k fur!r t bitt] tru? :i* came to ! l(tie/ m9ds among ! ,jews1 t no sacrifice ( ours c h aton+ value1 = ,god dem&s ! (f]+ ( ourselves1 & we are s weak5$ by s9 t we _c give ourselves up to ,him1 s pollut$ by s9 t we _c be well-pleas+ 9 ,8 eyes4 ,9 ord] to atone1 sacrifice mu/ be no outw>d c]emony1 ! (f]+ ( ?is or t possession1 ! fulfilm5t ( ?is or t ext]nally-impos$ ord9ance1 b ! entire surr5d] ( self to ,god1 & to ,8 law1 a surr5d] dictat$ f )9 by ! free impulse ( ! w4 ,!re=e1 j z ! spiritually-m9d$ ,jew felt ! cont9ual discrepancy betwe5 ! ext]nal c]emonies :i* he 0 b\nd to fulfil1 & ! complete submission to ! w ( ,god :i* !y c\ld n effect1 & )\t :i* !y 7 :olly inadequate1 s e awak5$ consci5ce mu/ feel ! fruitlessness ( any outw>d expression ( devotion & ob$i5ce s long z !re is no complete sacrifice ( self4 ,^!1 !n1 seem to be ! conditions :i* mu/ be satisfi$ be=e an atonem5t c meet ! ne$s ( ! human he>t & consci5ce1 :e!r ^! are inf]r$ f an exam9ation ( ! ,hebrew religi\s in/itutions or are ga!r$ f our own k ( ourselves & ( o!rs4 ,!re is1 fir/ ( all1 ! consci\sness ( guilt1 ( an (f5d$ ,god1 ( a law transgress$1 ( puni%m5t imp5d+1 to expiate :i* "s sacrifice is necess>y1 b no sacrifice adequate to :i* c be (f]$ by u z we are4 ,propitiation is ! fir/ dem& ( ! law1 & we _c1 ( ourselves1 propitiate ,him ^: ang] we h righte\sly incurr$4 ,secondly1 we long = an abid+ union ) ,him1 & = ! full be/[al ( ! ,div9e life :i* results f t union alone4 ,propitiation is n en\gh by itself1 ?\gh propitiation is ! necess>y fir/ /ep 9 ! process ( reconciliation4 ,ali5s1 by our own s9ful acts1 & by ! s9 ( our =efa!rs1 f ! life ( ,god1 we yet long to return & to live once m 9 ,him4 ,b ?is is equally impossible = u to accompli% ( ourselves4 ,by s9 we h exil$ ourselves1 b we _c return by m]e =ce ( w4 ,bo? z propitiation1 !re=e1 & z reunion1 ! ,atonem5t mu/ come f )\t & _c be accompli%$ by ^? :o !mselves h ne$ ( x4 ,b !re is a ?ird condition1 app>5tly irreconcileable ) ! o!r two4 ,?is same consci\sness ( guilt :i* dem&s an expiation dem&s t x %all be p]sonal1 ! satisfaction ( ! s5se ( p]sonal responsibility1 & ( ! unconqu]able conviction ( our own fre$om4 ,! propitiatory sacrifice :i* is to effect our reunion mu/1 = we are p[]less to (f] x1 come f )\t3 b at ! same "t we _c b feel t x mu/ come into contact ) ! w1 x mu/ be ! inw>d sacrifice1 ! freewill (f]+ ( ! :ole nature t has s9n$4 ,,ii4 ,if ! r$emptive "w ( ,*ri/ satisfies ^! conditions x is evid5t t x is n a simple1 b a v complex fact4 ,! fault ( _m ( ! !ories ( ! ,atonem5t has be5 t1 ?\gh none ( !m fail$ to be p>tially true1 !y 7 limit$ to "o or o!r ( ! v>i\s aspects :i* t my/]i\s fact pres5ts4 ,x is c]ta91 aga91 t ( ?is complex fact no adequate explanation c be giv54 ,at e /age 9 ! process :i* is g5]ally summ$ up 9 ! "o ^w ,atonem5t we are 9 pres5ce ( =ces :i* issue f inf9ity & pass out ( our sight ev5 :ile we are contemplat+ _! effects4 ,& ev5 if ! ,atonem5t c\ld be altoge!r r$uc$1 s to speak1 to t]ms ( human exp]i5ce1 x w be %ewn t man's =giv5ess1 ! ne>e/ analogy ( :i* we h any k1 is an exp]i5ce ( :i* no logical explanation c be giv51 :i* seems to %>e1 inde$1 some?+ ( ! my/]y ( its ,div9e antitype4 ,b ?\gh x is almo/ blasphem\s to pret5d to fa?om ! dep? ( ! ,atonem5t1 to lay out ! :ole tru? s z to satisfy ! =mulae ( human reason1 x is necess>y s to und]/& x z to disc]n its response to ! imp]ative dem&s ( ! s5se ( s9 & ! desire = =giv5ess4 ,:atev] ! ultimate my/]ies ( ! dea? ( ,*ri/ may be1 x is c]ta9 t x has _h p[] to conv9ce m5 ( =giv5ess & to give !m a new life4 ,x mu/ !re=e 9 "s way satisfy ! conditions :i*1 z we h se51 are laid d[n by human consci\sness & exp]i5ce4 ,x is "u ! ?reefold aspect requir$ by ^? conditions t ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t w be "h pres5t$4 #a4 ,! dea? ( ,*ri/ is1 9 ! fir/ place1 to be reg>d$ z propitiatory4 ,on ! "o h& !re is man's desire1 natural & almo/ in/9ctive1 to make expiation = 8 guilt3 on ! o!r !re is ! trem5d\s fact ( ! wra? ( ,god aga9/ s94 ,! dea? ( ,*ri/ is ! expiation = ^? pa/ s9s :i* h laid ! burd5 ( guilt ^u ! human s\l1 & x is also ! propitiation ( ! wra? ( ,god4 ,z we h se51 ov] aga9/ ! s5se ( s9 & ( liability to ! ,div9e wra? !re has always exi/$ ! idea ( sacrifice by :i* t wra? might be av]t$4 ,man c\ld n (f] an acceptable sacrifice3 x has be5 (f]$ = him by ,*ri/4 ,t is ! simple/1 & x w\ld seem ! mo/ scriptural way ( /at+ ! c5tral tru?1 :i* is also ! deepe/ my/]y1 ( ! ,atonem5t1 & x seems to sum up & include ! v>i\s o!r metaphors & descriptions ( ! r$emptive "w ( ,*ri/4 ,b its m]e /atem5t at once sugge/s que/ions1 ! consid]ation ( :i* w lead to a full] und]/&+ ( ! doctr9e4 ,?us we h to ask4 ,:at is x :i* is propitiat$ by ,*ri/'s dea?8 ,9 o!r words1 ,:at is meant by ! wra? ( ,god aga9/ s98 7a7 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ?\gh !re is great dang] 9 an?ropomorphism1 & ?\gh mo/ ( ! sup]/ition :i* has ev] be5 ! %ad[ ca/ by religion on ! _w has aris5 f an exagg]at$ conception ( ! lik5ess ( ,god to ourselves1 yet !re is1 aft] all1 no o!r way ( kn[+ ,god ?an by repres5t+ ,him "u conceptions =m$ by our own consci\sness & exp]i5ce1 & ?is me?od is pre-em95tly incumb5t ^u u :o believe t man is made '9 ! image ( ,god4' ,we are c]ta91 = in/ance1 t love1 pity1 ju/ice1 are affections :i*1 h[ev] imp]fectly !y may be f\nd 9 u1 d make = goodness1 & if we may n ascribe ^! same affections1 inf9itely rais$ & purifi$1 to ,god1 we h no means ( conceiv+ ,8 "*1 ( kn[+ ') :om we h to deal4' ,our k1 ev5 ( ourselves1 is aft] all fragm5t>y#bbj1 & ?us tru?s ( ^: c]ta9ty we are conv9c$ may seem irreconcileably oppos$ to ea* o!r4 ,our conception ( love1 = example1 is a fragm5t1 & we _c trace x up to ! meet+-po9t at :i* x is reconcil$ ) ju/ice1 s t 9 our moral judgm5ts we are cont9ually oscillat+1 z x 71 betwe5 ! two4 ,b ?is fact %\ld n h9d] u f ascrib+ to ,god 9 _! fulle/ degree bo? love & ju/ice1 confid5t t 9 ,him !y are h>moniz$ because we are confid5t f ! v]dict ( our own consci5ces t bo? are good1 & because ev5 9 su* imp]fect reflections ( ,8 image z1 = in/ance1 p>5tal love1 we see at lea/ a p>tial h>mony ( !m4 ,:5 !n a d\bt arises z to ! lit]al explanation ( ! phrase '! wra? ( ,god1' ! difficulty mu/ n be met by ! simple ass]tion t we _c reconcile ! idea ( wra? ) t ( ! love ( ,god3 we mu/ ask :e!r wra?1 z x exi/s 9 u1 is a good & righte\s affection1 or :e!r x is always & entirely evil4 ,to ?is "q !re c be b "o answ]4 ,we are consci\s ( a righte\s ang]1 ( an affection ( displeasure t a good man ought to feel aga9/ s9 & evil1 & ?is is amply ju/ifi$ by ! scriptural ref]5ces to righte\s ang]1 & by ! acc\nts ( our ,"l's displays ( indignation aga9/ evil4 ,b ?\gh we are ?us compell$ to f9d room1 s to speak1 = ang] 9 our conception ( ,god's "*1 x is n !re=e necess>y to ascribe to ,him t di/urbance ( ! spiritual nature1 or t *ange 9 ! direction ( ! w1 :i* are almo/ inv>iable accompanim5ts ( human ang]4 ,^! are ! defects ( ! human affection1 f :i* arises ! s9ful t5d5cy 9 our ang]1 & :i* _c be ?\ght ( 9 connection ) ! all-holy & all-wise ,god4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is n possible to limit ! conception ( ! 'wra? ( ,god' to ! acts :]eby s9 is or w be puni%$1 :i* 0 ! explanation ( "s ( ! ,fa!rs1 or to ?9k ( x z 9 ! future only1 to come into exi/5ce only on ! day ( judgm5t1 z has be5 attempt$ by "s mod]n !ologians4 ,! scriptural expressions1 includ+ z we mu/ ! passages :i* speak ( our ,"l's ang]1 _c be s weak5$4 ',! wra? ( ,god' seems to d5ote no *angeful impulse or pass+ feel+1 b ! fix$ & necess>y ho/ility ( ! ,div9e ,nature to s92 & ! idea mu/ fur!r include ! manife/ation ( t ho/ility1 :5ev] s9 comes be=e ,god1 9 ext]nal acts ( v5geance1 puni%m5t & de/ruction4 ,god's ang] is n only ! displeasure ( an (f5d$ ,p]son3 x is possible t ?is is altoge!r a wrong conception ( x3 x mu/ be fur!r ! expression ( ju/ice1 :i* n only hates b puni%es4 ,! relation ( ! ,div9e ,nature to s9 is ?us tw(old3 x is ! p]sonal ho/ility1 if we may call x s1 ( hol9ess to s91 & x is also ! righte\sness :i* puni%es s9 because x is lawless4 ,! two ideas are intimately connect$1 & n unfrequ5tly1 :5 we %\ld h expect$ to f9d 9 ! ,bible ! wra? ( ,god spok5 (1 ! language ( judgm5t & righte\sness is sub/itut$ = x4 ,s9 is necess>ily hateful to ! hol9ess ( ,god1 b also1 because s9 is lawlessness1 x is judg$1 condemn$1 & puni%$ by ,him 9 accordance ) ! immutable law ( righte\sness1 :i* is ! law ( ,8 own ,nature4 ,!re=e1 to turn f ,god's wra? aga9/ s9 to ! mode 9 :i* t wra? may be av]t$1 x results t ! sacrifice (f]$ = s9 mu/ be bo? a propitiation & a satisfaction4 ,ang]1 s we ?9k1 is b a feel+1 & may be ou/$ by ano!r feel+2 love c /rive aga9/ wra? & ov]come x2 ! ,div9e hatr$ ( s9 ne$ raise no ob/acle to ! free =giv5ess ( ! s9n]4 ,s we might ?9k2 b a true e?ical insight %ews u t ?is affection ( ang]1 ( hatr$1 is 9 reality ! expression ( ju/ice1 & d]ives f ! law ( righte\sness1 :i* is n above ,god1 nor is x dep5d5t on ,8 ,w1 = x is ,himself4 ',he _c d5y ,himself'2 ,he _c put away ,8 wra?1 until ! dem&s ( ,law h be5 satisfi$1 until ! sacrifice has be5 (f]$ to expiate1 to cov]1 to atone = ! s9s ( ! _w4 ,! reconciliation to be effect$ is n m]ely ! reconciliation ( man to ,god by ! *ange wr\ght 9 man's rebelli\s nature1 b x is also ! propitiation ( ,god ,himself1 ^: wra? unappeas$ & ^: ju/ice unsatisfi$ are ! b>ri]s ?r[n across ! s9n]'s pa? to re/oration4 7b7 ,b h[1 we ask fur!r1 0 ?is propitiation made by ! ,sacrifice on ! ,cross8 ,or1 to put ! "q r diff]5tly1 :at 0 x t gave to ! dea? ( ,*ri/ its propitiatory value8 ,9 attempt+ to sugge/ an answ] to ?is "q x is necess>y to be> 9 m9d ! di/9ction betwe5 ! actual ev5t1 or s]ies ( ev5ts1 :i* con/itut$ ! ,propitiatory ,sacrifice1 & t inn] elem5t :i* 0 !reby manife/$1 & :i* gave to ! actual ev5t its wor?4 ,s4 ,b]n>d express$ ! di/9ction 9 ! well-kn[n words ',n ,8 dea?1 b ,8 will+ acceptance ( dea?1 0 pleas+ to ,god1' & !re c be no d\bt t ?r\gh\t ! ,new ,te/am5t special /ress is laid ^u ! p]fect ob$i5ce manife/$ 9 ! life & dea? ( ,*ri/1 ^u ! accompli%m5t ( ,8 ,fa!r's w :i* ,he ev] kept 9 view1 & ^u ! contra/ ?us m>k$ betwe5 ! ,mosaic sacrifices & ! "o aton+ (f]+4 ',sacrifices & (f]+s & :ole burnt (f]+s & sacrifices = s9 ,?\ w\lde/ n1 nei!r had/ pleasure !re9 444 !n ha? ,he said1 ,lo1 ,i am come to d ,?y w4' ,t ! p]fect ob$i5ce display$ 9 ! passion & dea? ( our ,"l 0 ! elem5t :i* gave to ! sacrifice its propitiatory value w be m readily und]/ood :5 x is rememb]$ t ! ess5ce ( man's s9 0 f ! fir/ disob$i5ce1 ! rebellion ( ! human w aga9/ ! comm&s ( ,god4 ,! p]fect sacrifice 0 (f]$ by ,"o ,:o1 be+ man ) all man's liability to temptation1 t is ) all ! in/rum5ts ( s9 at ,8 disposal#bba1 & expos$ to e sugge/ion to set up ,8 w aga9/ t ( ! ,fa!r1 yet ?r\gh\t ,8 life cont9u$ unsw]v+ly b5t on do+ 'n ,8 own w1 b ! w ( ! ,fa!r ,:o s5t ,him1' & ,:o ?us display$ ! orig9al p]fection ( human nature1 ! unbrok5 union ) ! life ( ,god4 ,on ! cross ! f9al /ruggle1 ! supreme temptation took place4 ,! ob$i5ce %ewn ?r\gh\t ,8 life 0 !re manife/$ 9 dea?4 ',he became ob$i5t unto dea?1 ev5 ! dea? ( ! cross4' ,at any mom5t ( ! passion a s+le acquiesc5ce 9 evil1 a s+le submission to ! law ( unrighte\sness1 a s+le sw]v+ ( ,8 w f its *oice ( absolute ob$i5ce1 w\ld1 we may believe1 h end$ all ! %ame & torture4 ,& !re=e !re 0 ne$$ at e mom5t a real ef=t ( ,8 human w to keep itself 9 union ) ! w ( ,god#bbb2 x 0 n a m]e submission at ! outset once = all1 b a cont9u\s s]ies ( volunt>y acts ( resignation & ob$i5ce4 ,"h !n is ! _s ( sacrifice :i* ,god dem&s1 & :i* c\ld n be f\nd 9 ! sacrifices ( ! ,mosaic law1 or 9 any (f]+ ( s9ful man4 ,! ess5ce ( ! ,atonem5t 0 ! m9d ( ,*ri/ !re9 display$1 ! ob$i5ce gradually le>nt & !re9 p]fect$1 ! w ( ,*ri/ !re9 prov$ to be "o ) ! ,fa!r's w4 ,b we may disc]n a fur!r elem5t ( propitiation 9 ! dea? ( our ,"l4 ,! law ( righte\sness1 ! ju/ice ( ,god1 dem&s n only ob$i5ce 9 ! pres5t1 b retribution = ! pa/4 ',! s9s done a=etime' _h be5 'pass$ ov] 9 ! =be>ance ( ,god' = ,8 own purposes1 :i* are n reveal$ to u3 ?is 'pass+ ov]' _h obscur$ ! true nature ( s9 & ( ! ,div9e ju/ice4 ,m5 _h come to h easy ?\ghts ( s9 & its consequ5ces2 ! hea!n felt b vaguely ! burd5 ( guilt1 ! ,jew tru/$ 9 ! m]e ext]nal works ( ! law4 ,9 ! dea? ( ,*ri/ a manife/ation 0 made ( ! righte\sness ( ,god1 ( ,8 wra?1 ! absolute ho/ility ( ,8 nature to s94 ',god set ,him =? to be a propitiation1 ?r\gh fai?1 by ,8 blood1 to %ew ,8 righte\sness1 because ( ! pass+ ov] ( ! s9s done a=etime1 9 ! =be>ance ( ,god4' ,b ?is manife/ation ( ,div9e ju/ice might h be5 made by m]e puni%m5t3 x became a propitiation1 9 t ,he1 ! self-*os5 victim1 by ,8 acceptance ( x1 recognis$ ! righte\sness ( ! law :i* 0 v9dicat$ on ! cross4 ,m5 _h refus$ to ackn[l$ge ,god's ju/ice 9 ! consequ5ces ( s92 no?+ b ! will+ acceptance ( suff]+1 z ! due portion ( ! human nature 9 :i* ! s9 0 wr\ght1 c\ld h s decl>$ ! ju/ice ( ,god's law z to be a propitiation ( ,div9e wra?4 ,! cross 01 on ! "o h&1 ! proclamation ( ,god's ord9ance aga9/ s91 on ! o!r x 0 ! response ( man at l5g? ackn[l$g+ ! righte\sness ( ! condemnation#bbc4 ,b on look+ m closely into ! matt]1 x is obvi\s t ^! explanations are n by !mselves en\gh to acc\nt = ! scriptural facts :i* we call ! ,atonem5t4 ,we _c ignore t1 :e!r we consid] ! ,old ,te/am5t anticipations1 or ! ,new ,te/am5t n>rative ( our ,"l's "w1 ,8 dea?1 ap>t f ! ob$i5ce manife/$ 9 x1 occupies a unique place1 & t /ress is laid on x :i* w\ld be unacc\ntable 7 x only ! extreme trial ( ,8 ob$i5ce4 ,! frequ5t decl>ation t x 0 necess>y1 t 'x behov$ ,*ri/ to die1' seems to po9t to some?+ exceptional 9 x1 some?+ m ?an ! m]e close ( ,8 spotless life4 ,s aga9 ! my/]i\s dread & horror ) :i* ,he look$ =w>d to x te/ify to some?+ 9 x :i* goes f> beyond any human exp]i5ce ( dea?#bbd4 ,& :at we ga!r f ! ,new ,te/am5t mu/ be comb9$ ) ! ,old ,te/am5t premonitions ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 z typifi$ by ! ,mosaic sacrifices4 ,!re c be no "q t dea? 01 speak+ g5]ally1 an integral "p ( ! idea ( sacrifice = s91 & t ! di/+ui%+ c]emonial ( ! slay+ ( ! victim po9ts to a special significance 9 dea? z connect$ ) expiation & propitiation4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh we may /ill recognise t x 0 ! _s ( ob$i5ce & volunt>y submission :i* gave aton+ value to ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 we _c ignore ! necessity ( dea? z ! appo9t$ =m :i* ! ob$i5ce took4 ,_h ,he n obey$1 ,he w\ld n h aton$2 b _h ,he n di$1 ! ob$i5ce w\ld h lack$ j t elem5t :i* made x an atonem5t = s94 ,! ob$i5ce 0 int5d$ to issue 9 dea?4 ,s4 ,b]n>d's say+1 ?\gh true z he meant x1 is1 if tak5 q lit]ally1 too %>p an anti!sis4 ,!re is no?+ well-pleas+ to ,god 9 dea? alone1 x is true2 b !re is1 s ,he has reveal$ x1 some?+ well-pleas+ to ,8 righte\sness1 some?+ propitiatory 9 dea?1 if z a fur!r condition ! p]fect ob$i5ce ( ! victim is !reby display$4 ,we are driv5 to ! same conclusion by ! second explanation ( our ,"l's sacrifice giv5 above4 ,x is n en\gh to say t ,he di$ 9 ord] to manife/ ,god's righte\s judgm5t aga9/ s91 = ! "q rema9s1 ,:y is dea? ! requisite manife/ation ( judgm5t8 ,if ,he endur$ x because x is ! only fitt+ puni%m5t1 :y is x 9 su* a signal mann] ! p5alty ( s98 ,we c po9t inde$ to ! ,div9e pr9ciple1 ',! s\l t s9ne?1 x %all die1' z we c po9t to ,god's decl>$ w t expiation %all be made by means ( dea?1 b 9 nei!r case1 :e!r dea? be look$ ^u z ! puni%m5t or z ! expiation ( s91 is !re any explanation ( its unique position4 ,x may well be t "h we are confront$ by ! f9al my/]y1 & t ! propitiatory virtue ( ,*ri/'s dea?1 typifi$ by ! slay+ ( animal victims "u ! law1 =e%ad[$ by ! almo/ univ]sal belief 9 ! expiation ( blood1 ackn[l$g$ ) wond]+ gratitude by ! human he>t1 dep5ds ^u ! unse>*able w & hidd5 purposes ( ,god1 except 9 s f> z we c see 9 x ! manife/ation at once ( ,*ri/'s p]fect ob$i5ce & ( ! righte\sness ( ,div9e judgm5t4 ,if an attempt is made to p5etrate fur!r into ! my/]y ( ,r$emption1 x c be b a speculation1 b x w be sav$ f ov]boldness if x foll[s ! g5]al l9es ( ,god's action z reveal$ 9 ,8 ,^w4 ,"s light may be ?r[n ^u ! my/]y ( ,*ri/'s dea? by consid]+ ! scriptural view ( dea? 9 g5]al z ! p5alty ( s94 ,x is n ! m]e physical act ( dy+1 = t1 z ,s4 ,a?anasius says1 is natural to man#bbe1 & c be trac$ 9 ! animal _w 9 ! ages be=e man exi/$4 ,besides1 our ,"l is said to h deliv]$ u f dea?1 & ?is cle>ly _c mean physical dea?1 s9ce to ?is all m5 are /ill subject1 b r spiritual dea?2 & ! dea? :i* is spok5 ( z ! p5alty ( s9 mu/ !re=e also be spiritual4 ,9 ?is s5se dea? c be no o!r ?an ! f9al removal f u ( ,god's pres5ce1 ! completion ( ! ali5ation f ! ,div9e life :i* s9 began4 ,b1 consid]+ ! close connection1 ?r\gh\t ! ,bible1 ( physical & spiritual dea?1 may x n be t ! =m] is m ?an ! symbol & type ( ! latt]1 t x is actually its consummation8 ,if1 aga91 dea? be truly repres5t$ by ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness z ! close ( man's probation1 does n ?is also po9t to its be+ ! mom5t :5 ! light ( ,god's pres5ce1 ! /r5g? ( ,8 life1 is f9ally )drawn f ! imp5it5t s9n]1 & ! spiritual dea?1 :i* is ! "o ess5tial puni%m5t ( s91 falls ^u him8 ,! s5t5ce ( dea?1 !n1 "u :i* ! :ole _w lay ap>t f ! ,atonem5t#bbf1 0 ! decl>ation t e man :o by inh]itance & by 8 own act %>$ 9 ,adam's s91 %\ld at ! mom5t ( physical dea? exp]i5ce also ! full measure ( spiritual dea?4 ,! common lot ( dea? ?us involv$ ! consci\sness ( sep>ation f ! life ( ,god1 & :5 we s reg>d x1 we c und]/& some?+ ( ! horror :i* its anticipation br\ght ^u ! s\l ( ! ,son ( ,god#bbg4 ,he mu/ pass ?r\gh ?is la/ & mo/ awful human exp]i5ce2 n only because x 0 human1 b because by ! victori\s endurance ( x alone c\ld ! propitiation be accompli%$4 ,! ?\ght ?r[s light ^u ! prom95ce giv5 to ! dea? ( ,*ri/1 ^u ,8 dread ( x1 ^u ,8 my/]i\s cry ( d]eliction ^u ! cross4 ,x %[s u h[1 ?\gh ! exp]i5ce 0 common to man1 yet 9 ,him x 0 9 a tw(old mann] unique4 ,! )drawal ( ,god's pres5ce1 awful z x is to ! s9-h>d5$ nature ( man1 mu/ h be5 immeasurably m bitt] to ,him ,:o 0 ,"o ) ! ,fa!r1 ^: 'meat 0 to d ! w ( ,8 ,fa!r4' ,j z we may believe ! tortures ( ! cross to h be5 specially griev\s to ! p]fect body :i* 0 un/a9$ by s91 ?\gh o!r m5 h endur$ !m1 s1 ?\gh all h to pass ?r\gh dea? ) its accompany+ t]ror ( ! loss ( ,god's pres5ce1 none c realize :at t exp]i5ce 0 to ,him1 because ,he 0 ! ,son ( ,god4 ,! dea? ( ,*ri/ 0 !re=e unique because ( ! nature ( ,him ,:o und]w5t x4 ,b x 0 also unique 9 its results4 ,no o!r dea? _h be5 a propitiation = s91 = 9 no o!r dea? _h ?is ov]:elm+ consci\sness ( d]eliction be5 endur$ victori\sly1 ) no failure ( p]fect ob$i5ce1 no %r9k+ ( ! w f ! orda9$ task4 ,9 ?is f9al exp]i5ce ! (f]+ 0 complete1 ! ess5ce ( ! propitiation 0 secur$1 = ! actual result ( all human s9 0 h]e9 made ! v revelation ( hol9ess itself1 ! means :]eby ! union ) ! w ( ,god1 s f> f be+ f9ally brok51 0 f9ally p]fect$4 ,! propitiatory value1 !re=e1 ( ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/ lay 9 ,8 absolute ob$i5ce1 9 ,8 will+ acceptance ( suff]+ :i* 0 !reby ackn[l$g$ z ! due rew>d ( s91 & 9 ! dea? :i* 0 ! ess5tial =m ( bo?1 = dea? is ! culm9at+ po9t ( ! ali5ation f ,god1 :i* is bo? s9 & its puni%m5t4 ,he alone endur$ x victori\sly & )\t s92 ,he alone1 !re=e1 trans=m$ x f ! sign & occasion ( ,god's wra? into a well-pleas+ (f]+2 ,he took ! puni%m5t & made x a propitiation4 ',! *a/isem5t ( our peace 0 ^u ,him2 & ) ,8 /ripes we are heal$4' 7c7 ,s f> we h consid]$ ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/ 9 its aspect ,godw>ds3 we h tri$ to f9d an answ] to ! "q1 ,h[ did ! dea? ( ,*ri/ propitiate ! wra? ( ,god8 ,!re rema9s ! fur!r "q1 ,h[ 0 x a sacrifice = u8 ,x 01 we c see1 a p]fect (f]+ acceptable to ,god3 b h[ has x avail$ '= u m5'8 ,! m9d %r9ks f a purely ext]nal ,atonem5t1 & "p ( ! imp]fection ( ! ,mosaic sacrifices consi/$ 9 ! m]ely artificial relation betwe5 ! (f5d] & ! victim4 ,9 ! p]fect sacrifice ?is relation mu/ be real2 & we are ?us l$ to ! tru?1 s (t5 ov]look$1 b impress$ on e page ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 t ,he :o di$ = our s9s 0 our true repres5tative 9 t ,he 0 truly man4 ,)\t = ! pres5t go+ into ! m my/ical doctr9e ( ,*ri/ z ! second ,adam1 ! spiritual head ( our race1 :at is "h emphasiz$ is ! reality & p]fection ( ,8 human nature1 :i* gave ,him ! "r to (f] a repres5tative sacrifice#bbh4 ',= v]ily n ( angels do? ,he take hold1 b ,he take? hold ( ! se$ ( ,abraham4 ,:]e=e x behov$ ,him 9 all ?+s to be made l unto ,8 bre?r51 t ,he might be a m]ciful & fai?ful ,high ,prie/ 9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ,god1 to make propitiation = ! s9s ( ! p4' ,be+ ?us 'tak5 f among m51' ,he 0 'appo9t$ =--or1 on behalf (--m5' & ! ju/ification ( ,8 ,prie/hood is ! complete reality ( ,8 humanity1 :i*1 if we may s speak1 ov]lay & hid ,8 ,div9ity1 s t '?\gh ,he 0 a ,son1' un*angeably '9 ! =m ( ,god1' 'yet le>nt ,he ob$i5ce by ! ?+s :i* ,he suff]$1' & ?us became = u a p]fect ,prie/4 ,! s9less p]fection ( ,*ri/1 f> f remov+ ,him out ( ! sph]e ( our s9ful lives1 made ,him p]fectly repres5tative2 = ,he n only possess$ 9 _! greate/ p]fection all ! p[]s & capacities :i* are ! in/rum5ts ( s91 b 9 ! /r5g? ( ,8 s9lessness & ( ,8 love ,he c\ld feel = all m5 & accept !m z ,8 bre?r51 ?\gh !y 7 s9n]s4 ,our ,high ,prie/ 'ha? be5 9 all po9ts l z we are1 yet )\t s94' ,! holie/ man has "s "p ( 8 nature /unt$ & repress$ by s91 & is s f> incomplete1 unrepres5tative3 b ,he1 unweak5$ & unm>r$ 9 any po9t by s91 c )\t hold+ any?+ back repres5t human nature 9 its p]fection & entirety4 ,! repres5tative "* ( ,*ri/ is manife/$ 9 a diff]5t aspect1 accord+ z ,he is reg>d$ z ! victim or z ! prie/ (f]+ ! sacrifice4 ,z ! victim ,he mu/ be ! s9-be>]1 = ! transf] ( guilt--:i* "u ! ,mosaic sy/em 0 m]ely symbolis$ by ! act ( lay+ h&s on ! victim's head--mu/ = a true propitiatory sacrifice be m ?an ext]nal & artificial4 ,t is to say1 !re mu/ be a real mean+ 9 ,s4 ,paul's trem5d\s words1 ',him ,:o knew no s9 ,he made to be s9 on our behalf1' 9 ! passages 9 :i* ,he is describ$ z be>+ our s9s#bbi1 9 ! great prophecy :i* told t '! ,"l ha? laid on ,him ! iniquity ( u all4' ,h[ c we f9d an explanation ( ! p>adox s boldly /at$ by ,s4 ,paul1 t ,he :o knew no s9 0 yet made s98 ,we may n surely take all ^! pla9 phrases to mean t ,he bore ! puni%m5t ( our s9s3 x w\ld h be5 easy to say t _h x be5 meant4 ,no1 ! relation typifi$ by ! ,mosaic (f]+s mu/ be real1 & yet ! expression ',he made ,him to be s9' _c )\t blasphemy be und]/ood to mean t ,god ! ,fa!r actually made ,8 ,son to s94 ,! solution ( ! difficulty c only be f\nd 9 ! tru? ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,9 ord] t ! sacrifice might be repres5tative1 ,he took ^u ,him ! :ole ( our human nature1 & became fle%1 condition$ ?\gh t fle%ly nature 0 ?r\gh\t by s9#bcj4 ,x 0 n only 9 ,8 dea? t we contemplate ,him z ! s9-be>]1 b ?r\gh\t ,8 life ,he 01 z x 71 condition$ by ! s9fulness ( ^? ) :om ,8 human nature br\ght ,him into close & manifold relations4 ,! ,crucifixion does n come z ! unexpect$ly %ameful end ( a glori\s & untr\bl$ life1 ?\gh x 0 und\bt$ly 9 a special s5se ! manife/ation ( ! 'curse' "u :i* ,he laid ,himself4 ,we _c say t at a giv5 mom5t 9 ,8 life1 z :5 ! s9n]'s h&s 7 laid ^u ! victim's head & 8 guilt 0 transf]r$1 ,he began to be> our iniquity1 = ! v nature :i* ,he took1 fre$ ?\gh x 0 9 ,him f h]$it>y guilt1 0 9 itself1 by its necess>y human relations1 s9-be>+4 ,nor did ,8 p]sonal s9lessness make ?is impossible or unreal2 r x int5sifi$ x4 ,z ,s4 ,mat!w tells u1 ev5 9 relation to bodily sickness & infirmity1 t ,he bore :at ,he took away--',himself took our infirmities1 & b>e our diseases'--s x 0 ) our r$emption f s94 ,9 tak+ x away1 ,he _h to be> its weight1 int5sifi$ by reason ( t v self-sacrific+ love :i* made ,him realize ) m ?an human ke5ness ! s9fulness ( ! human nature into :i* ,he _h come4 ,!re is ?us no?+ artificial or ext]nal 9 ,8 s9-be>+1 = ,8 human nature 0 s real & s p]fect t ,he 0 involv$1 s to speak1 9 all ! consequ5ces ( ! s9 :i* is s trem5d\s a factor 9 human life1 ev5 to ! endur+ ( ! v suff]+s & dea? :i* 9 u are ! p5al results & f9al outcome ( s91 b 9 ,him 7 ! means ( ,8 free self-sacrifice4 ,once m ,he 0 our repres5tative z ! ,prie/ :o (f]$ ! sacrifice4 ,! requisite conditions ( su* an (fice are /at$1 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 to be complete human sympa?y1 & yet su* sep>at5ess f s91 & f all limitations ( incomplet5ess1 z c only be ,div9e4 ',x behov$ ,him 9 all ?+s to be made l unto ,8 bre?r51 t ,he might be a m]ciful & fai?ful high prie/2' 'b ,he1 because ,he abide? = ev]1 ha? ,8 prie/hood un*angeable 444 = su* a high prie/ became u1 holy1 h>mless1 undefil$1 sep>at$ f s9n]s1 & made high] ?an ! heav5s2' '= ! law appo9te? m5 high prie/s1 hav+ infirmity2 b ! ^w ( ! oa?1 :i* 0 aft] ! law1 appo9te? a ,son1 p]fect$ = ev]more#bca4' ,9 ^! & simil> passages ! doctr9e ( ! ,prie/hood ( ,*ri/ is develop$1 & x is obvi\s t q z mu* /ress is laid on ,8 unlik5ess1 z on ,8 lik5ess to u#bcb4 ,he is our repres5tative z ,prie/1 because ,he is bo? man & m ?an man1 & c !re=e p]=m = u :at we c\ld n & _c p]=m = ourselves1 9 (f]+ ! p]fect propitiatory sacrifice4 ,"h is ! true vic>i\sness ( ! ,atonem5t1 :i* consi/$1 n1 z we %all see lat]1 9 ! sub/itution ( ,8 puni%m5t = ours1 b 9 ,8 (f]+ ! sacrifice :i* man _h nei!r purity nor p[] to (f]4 ,f out ( ! v he>t & c5tre ( ! human nature :i* 0 s enslav$ & corrupt$ by s9 t no human (f]+ 0 acceptable to ,god !re is rais$ ! s9less sacrifice ( p]fect humanity by ! ,god-,man1 our great ,high ,prie/3 human 9 ! complet5ess ( ,8 sympa?y1 ,div9e 9 ! unique p[] ( ,8 ,prie/hood4 ,s is ! condition ( ! law ( righte\sness fulfill$1 & ! sacrifice ( ob$i5ce unto dea? is (f]$ by ,8 submission to all t con/itutes 9 s9n]s ! consummation & ! puni%m5t ( _! s91 :i* ,he trans=m$ into ! occasion & ! manife/ation ( ,8 p]fect hol9ess4 ,& x is a repres5tative sacrifice1 = unique ?\gh x is1 x consi/s ( no unhe>d-( exp]i5ce1 ( no m]ely symbolical c]emony1 unrelat$ & unmean+ to u2 b ( j ^? univ]sal incid5ts ( suff]+ :i*1 ?\gh ,he mu/ h felt !m ) a bitt]ness unkn[n to u1 are int5sely human--pov]ty1 misund]/&+1 failure1 trea*]y1 rejection1 bodily angui%1 spiritual desolation1 dea?4 ',surely ,he ha? borne our griefs1 & c>ri$ our sorr[s4444 ,! *a/isem5t ( our peace 0 ^u ,him1' & !re=e 'by ,8 /ripes we are heal$4' #b4 ,x is n en\gh to consid] ! dea? ( ,*ri/ only z propitiatory1 or z /&+ alone 9 relation to our r$emption4 ,we h se5 h[ x secur$ our propitiation1 & 9 :at s5se x has a unique place 9 relation bo? to our ,"l ,himself & to man4 ,!re rema9s ! fur!r aspect ( ,8 r$emptive "w1 9 :i* x is reg>d$ z effect+ our reunion ) ,god by deliv]+ u f ! p[] ( s91 & by fill+ u ) ! ,div9e gift ( life4 ,?is1 x %\ld be notic$1 is ! conception ( our ,"l's "w :i* 0 *iefly 9 ! m9ds ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 ?\gh 9 almo/ all x 0 comb9$ ) ! ackn[l$gm5t ( ,8 deliv]ance ( man f guilt & f ! wra? ( ,god by ,8 repres5tative propitiation#bcc4 ,b to _! consci\sness ! p[] ( s9 & ( ! spiritual =ces ) :i* man is surr\nd$ 0 s cont9ually pres5t1 t !y 7 naturally incl9$ to look ma9ly at t side ( ! ,atonem5t :i* repres5ts x z ! victory ov] s9 & ,satan & ! re/oration ( man to ! life ( ,god4 ,& ?is view1 ?\gh by no means to ! exclusion ( ! propitiatory aspect1 is amply ju/ifi$ by ! ,bible4 ,consid]$ z re/oration1 !re seem to be ?ree grades or /ages ( r$emption indicat$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,fir/1 !re is ! unanim\s decl>ation t ! object ( our ,"l's life & dea? 0 to free u f s94 ,9 ! mo/ sacrificial descriptions ( ,8 "w ?is fur!r result ( ! ,atonem5t is impli$4 ,! ',lamb ( ,god' is to 'take away ! s9 ( ! _w'2 ,8 ,blood 0 to be '%$ = ! remission ( s9s'2 by '! preci\s ,blood ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z ( a ,lamb )\t blemi%' m5 7 'r$eem$ f _! va9 conv]sation'2 ,he 'gave ,himself = u1 t ,he might r$eem u f all iniquity4' ,9 ! next place1 ?is deliv]ance f s9 is id5tifi$ ) ! gift ( life1 :i* is repeat$ly connect$ ) our ,"l's life & dea?4 ',i am come t !y might h life'2 = ',i w give ,my fle% = ! life ( ! _w4' ',he di$ = all1 t !y :i* live %\ld n h5ce=? live unto !mselves1 b unto ,him :o di$ = !m & rose aga94' ,he 'b>e our s9s 9 ,8 own body on ! tree1 t we be+ dead to s9s might live unto righte\sness4' ,la/ly1 ?is new life is to issue 9 union ) ! life ( ,god 9 ,*ri/4 ',*ri/ suff]$ = s9s1 ! j = ! unju/1 t ,he might br+ u to ,god4' ',9 ,*ri/ ,jesus ye t once 7 f> (f are made nigh 9 ! ,blood ( ,*ri/4' ,9 su* passages ! ,apo/les are only draw+ out ! mean+ ( our ,"l's own decl>ation1 ',i1 if ,i be lift$ up1 w draw all m5 unto ,me4' ,our ,"l's dea? is ?us intimately connect$ by ! ,new ,te/am5t writ]s ) ! re/oration ( man to union ) ,god by means ( ! gift ( life2 b x %\ld be notic$ t1 unique & necess>y z ,8 dea? 01 x is cont9ually spok5 ( 9 close connection ) ! ,resurrection or ! ,asc5sion1 = 9 ^!1 z 0 =e%ad[$ by ! typical c]emonies ( ! ,law1 ! sacrifice culm9at$ by ! pres5tation ( ! 'life :i* _h will+ly pass$ ?r\gh dea?' be=e ! alt> ( ,god's pres5ce4 ,! reason is cle>4 ,p>don = ! pa/1 deliv]ance f guilt1 propitiation ( ! j wra? ( ,god1 are necess>y & all-important2 b !y _c /& alone4 ,!y mu/1 = man is helpless & weak1 be succe$$ by ! gift ( life1 & = ?is we mu/ look to ^? mighty acts 9 :i* ! ,"o ,sacrifice rea*$ its full consummation4 ,?us our ,"l ,himself decl>es t ,he di$ 9 ord] to rise aga92 ',i lay d[n ,my life t 9 ord] t ,i may take x aga94' ,s to ,s4 ,paul ! ,resurrection is ! necess>y completion ( ! process :i* 0 begun by ! dea?4 ',he 0 deliv]$ = our (f5ces1 & 0 rais$ aga9 = our ju/ification4' ',if :ile we 7 enemies1 we 7 reconcil$ to ,god ?r\gh ! dea? ( ,8 ,son1 mu* m be+ reconcil$1 %all we be sav$ ?r\gh 9 ,8 life4' ',we 7 buri$ ) ,him ?r\gh baptism unto dea?2 t 9 ord] t l z ,*ri/ 0 rais$ f ! dead ?r\gh ! glory ( ! ,fa!r1 s we also might walk 9 newness ( life4' ,ev5 ! passages :i* speak ( our salvation z effect$ by virtue ( ,*ri/'s ,blood1 ref]1 accord+ to ! ,jewi% conception ( ! 'blood :i* is ! life1' n only1 or ev5 *iefly1 to ! blood%$d+ 9 dea?1 b to ! heav5ly 'spr9kl+' ( ! pr9ciple ( life1 its pres5tation 9 heav5 by means ( ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion4 ,! :ole process is describ$ 9 :at may be call$ ! c5tral core ( ,s4 ,paul's !ology1 ! eigh? *apt] ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ',x is ,*ri/ ,jesus t di$1 yea r1 t 0 rais$ f ! dead1 :o is at ! ,"r ,h& ( ,god1 :o also make? int]cession = u4' ,x has be5 ! fault ( mu* popul> !ology to ?9k only ( our deliv]ance f wra? by ! sacrificial dea? ( ,*ri/1 & to neglect ! inf9itely important cont9uation ( ! process ?us begun4 ,! ,gospel is a religion ( life1 ! call to a life ( union ) ,god by means ( ! grace :i* fl[s f ! m$iation ( ! ris5 & asc5d$ ,savi\r4 ,we ne$ n discuss ! comp>ative importance ( ! two aspects ( ! "w ( ,atonem5t1 = propitiation & reunion1 p>don & life are alike necess>y elem5ts 9 salvation1 & by ! love ( ,god 9 ,*ri/ are unit$ 9 ! sacrifice :i* 0 begun on ,calv>y1 & is = ev] pres5t$ = our r$emption be=e ! ?rone ( ,god 9 heav54 #c4 ,s f> we h be5 consid]+ ! ,atonem5t z our ,"l's "w on behalf ( m53 we h n[ to consid] x z meet+ ! inevitable dem& ( ! human consci5ce t ?is vic>i\s sacrifice %all 9 "s way satisfy man's s5se ( p]sonal responsibility2 t by means ( ! ,atonem5t man %all1 s f> z he c1 make am5ds = 8 own s94 ,! *>ge ( inju/ice1 z x is g5]ally urg$ aga9/ ! doctr9e ( ! ,atonem5t1 re/s1 z w be %ewn1 ^u a fundam5tal misconception z to ! nature ( ,*ri/'s "w = u2 b x is also commonly assum$ t by ! dea? ( ,*ri/ all 0 done = man1 & no?+ 9 man1 s t we are !reby reliev$ ( all responsibility = our own wilful acts4 ,x is ?is notion t we h n[ to inve/igate4 ,fir/1 h[ev]1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge ! tru? conta9$ 9 x4 ,! ,atonem5t is1 aft] all1 ,god's =giv5ess ( u 9 ,*ri/1 & no =giv5ess is conceivable :i* does n 9 "s degree relieve ! (f5d] ( ! consequ5ces ( 8 (f5ce4 ,human =giv5ess1 ?\gh x may 9 "s cases1 p]haps1 remit no "p ( ! ext]nal p5alty due to wrong-do+1 mu/1 9 ! v act ( =giv+1 put away & aboli% ! ang] ( ! (f5d$ p]son1 ! ali5ation :i* ! (f5ce has caus$1 & :i* is c]ta9ly "p1 sometimes ! greate/ "p1 ( ! p5al consequ5ces ( an (f5ce4 ,human =giv5ess1 !re=e1 necess>ily transgresses ! /rict law ( retribution3 yet no "o c s]i\sly cont5d t =giv5ess is ei!r impossible or immoral4 ,& m ?an ?is1 !re is ev5 9 our imp]fect =giv5ess a p[] to blot out guilt1 & to re/ore ! (f5d] to new life4 ,inexplicable ?\gh ! fact may be1 exp]i5ce tells u t =giv5ess avails to lift ! load ( guilt t presses ^u an (f5d]4 ,a *ange passes ov] him t c only be describ$ z reg5]ative1 life-giv+2 & ?us ! assurance ( p>don1 h[ev] convey$1 may be said to oblit]ate 9 "s degree ! consequ5ces ( ! pa/#bcd4 ,x is true t ?is result ( =giv5ess _c be expla9$ logically s z to satisfy ! reason1 b ! possibility & ! p[] ( p>don are nev]!less facts ( human exp]i5ce4 ,! ,atonem5t is und\bt$ly a my/]y1 b all =giv5ess is a my/]y4 ,! ,atonem5t und\bt$ly transgresses ! /rict law ( exact retribution1 b all =giv5ess transgresses x4 ,& we may believe t human =giv5ess is1 9 spite ( all its imp]fection1 l t ( ,god1 = ?is is surely ! lesson ( ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ',=give u our trespasses1 z we =give !m t trespass aga9/ u4' ,exp]i5ce & consci5ce1 !re=e1 lead u to expect t ! ,div9e me?od ( =giv5ess w bo? disprove ! exagg]at$ idea ( p]sonal responsibility1 :i* is bas$ on a false e/imate ( man's p[]1 & w also transc5d reason by ris+ into a region ( my/]y & ( miracle#bce4 ,we h to deal 9 ?is sph]e ( p>don ) a ,god ,:o 'decl>es ,8 almighty p[] mo/ *iefly 9 %[+ m]cy & pity4' ,"o aspect ( ?is my/]y is to be f\nd 9 ! tru?1 /amp$ on e page ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ( ! my/ical union betwe5 ,*ri/ & ,8 p4 ,by virtue ( ?is union ,8 acts are ascrib$ to u2 & ?us1 accord+ to ,s4 ,paul1 we di$ 9 ,him1 we are rais$ 9 ,him1 & ! sacrifice :i* ,he (f]$1 we h also (f]$1 z 9 ,him4 ,! doctr9e ( ! ,second ,adam1 ( ! spiritual head%ip ( ,*ri/1 w\ld n inde$ if x /ood alone satisfy ! dem&s ( ! consci5ce2 b :5 tak5 9 connection ) ! practical sacram5tal tea*+ :i* is bas$ ^u x1 x po9ts to ! solution ( ! problem4 ,by ! ,inc>nation we are tak5 up into ,him1 & !re=e ! acts t 9 ,8 human nature ,he p]=m$ are our acts1 by virtue ( t union :i* is describ$ by ,him z ! union ( a v9e ) its bran*es1 by ,s4 ,paul z t ( ! head ) ! memb]s ( a body4 ,b 9 consid]+ ! results ( ?is union1 ! reciprocal communication ( ! weakness ( our bodily nature to ,him1 ( ,8 victori\s de$s 9 ! body to u a di/9ction mu/ be drawn betwe5 t "p ( ,8 "w :i* c1 & t :i* _c be %>$ by u4 ,( "o "p ( ,8 "w1 ( ! sacrifice :i* ,he (f]$ = man's guilt1 ! ess5ce 0 its vic>i\sness4 ,man c\ld n & nev] c (f] a sacrifice :i* c avail to propitiate = ! s9s ( ! pa/4 ,x is only 9 virtue ( t "o f9al & p]fect propitiation t we c draw nigh to ,god1 c accompli% any?+ good1 c recognise t we are deliv]$ f wra?4 ,! s9s ( ! pa/ are cancell$1 ! guilt is wip$ out3 9 ?is respect all 0 accompli%$ by ,him = u :o are 9 ,him1 & no?+ rema9s = u to d4 ,he z our ,repres5tative1 because ,he %>es our nature1 c (f] = u a prevail+ sacrifice2 only z ,8 bre?r51 because ,he has unit$ u to ,him1 are we enabl$ to plead ! sacrifice :i* ,he (f]$4 ,x is inde$ (f]$ = u1 = x 0 utt]ly impossible t we c\ld (f] x = ourselves2 x 0 ! necess>y initial /ep1 :i* man c\ld n take1 t[>ds union ) ! righte\s ,fa!r4 ,z our spiritual head1 ! second ,adam1 ! capta9 ( our salvation1 ,he _h ! "r ( (f]+ on our behalf2 z 9 ,him by virtue ( ! ,inc>nation we are emp[]$ to claim ! inf9ite bless+s ( ! r$emption s obta9$#bcf4 ,if ?is is my/]i\s1 irrational1 transc5d5tal1 s is all morality2 = at ! root ( all morality lies ! p[] ( self-sacrifice1 :i* is no?+ b ! impulse ( love to make a vic>i\s (f]+ = its fell[s1 & ! virtue ( su* an (f]+ to re/ore & to quick5#bcg4 ,! righte\sness ( ,god requir$ f ! human nature :i* _h s9n$ ! sacrifice ( a p]fect ob$i5ce manife/$ 9 & ?r\gh dea?3 t is ! unique & unapproa*able my/]y ( ! ,atonem5t2 b t ! sacrifice %\ld be (f]$ by a s9less ,man1 & t we %\ld be accept$ by ,god 9 virtue ( ,8 propitiation & because ( our union ) ,him1 t1 ?\gh my/]i\s en\gh1 z human reason c\nts my/]y1 is prefigur$ & illu/rat$ & expla9$ by all ! deepe/ exp]i5ces ( ! race1 by all t is mo/ human1 ?\gh x mo/ evades logical analysis1 9 our moral consci\sness#bch4 ,!re is !n no additional propitiation dem&$ f u4 ,! ,atonem5t1 9 ?is aspect1 requires no?+ f u1 = ! =giv5ess is !re1 be/[$ ^u u by ,god 9 consequ5ce ( ! sacrifice ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,b l ! gifts ( grace :i* come aft] =giv5ess1 ! =giv5ess itself has to be p]sonally accept$ by u2 x mu/ be br\ght into contact ) ea* man's w4 ,s reg>d$1 ! ,atonem5t1 ?\gh ! great gift ( reconciliation is absolutely free1 ! product ( ! spontane\s love ( ,god1 does lay ^u u an obligation4 ,on our "p fai? is dem&$ t we may realize1 & appropriate1 & associate ourselves ) ! p>don :i* is ours 9 ,*ri/4 ,?is is n ! place = a full discussion ( ju/ify+ fai?3 x is en\gh to indicate :at seems to be its relation to ! ,atonem5t1 z be+ man's %>e 9 ! propitiatory "w ( ,*ri/4 ,x is (t5 said t ! fai? :i* ju/ifies is simply tru/#bci1 b x mu/ surely be a m complex moral act ?an ?is4 ,if fai? is ! acceptance ( ,*ri/'s propitiation1 x mu/ conta91 9 ! fir/ place1 t long+ = reconciliation :i* spr+s f ! p]sonal consci\sness ( s9 z ali5ation f ,god1 & f horror ( its guilt & p[]4 ,!re mu/ !n ensue ! recognition ( man's complete p[]lessness to free himself f s91 & a deeply humble s5se ( dep5d5ce on ,god's m]cy2 b ?is m]e tru/ 9 ,8 m]cy is n en\gh1 = x w\ld n satisfy ! s5se ( s94 ,! s9n] has to own t ,god is n m]ely b5evol5t1 & t s9 mu/ be puni%$4 ,!re=e fai? mu/ conta9 ! recognition ( ! ju/ice ( ! ,div9e law aga9/ s91 manife/$ 9 ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,fai?1 9 %ort1 />ts f ! long+ = a repres5tative to atone = u1 & x ends ) ! recognition ( ,*ri/ z our repres5tative1 ( ,8 ,atonem5t z suffici5t1 & ( ,8 dea? z display+ ! due rew>d ( s94 ,= ! ,atonem5t _c be a m]e ext]nal act4 ,if ,*ri/ is our repres5tative1 ,he mu/ be ackn[l$g$ by ^? :om ,he repres5ts3 o!rwise ,8 endurance ( suff]+ w\ld avail no?+ = !m1 = ,god w n be satisfi$ ) ! m]e infliction ( puni%m5t4 ,b if ! result ( ,8 dea? is t m5 are br\ght1 "o by "o1 age aft] age1 to ackn[l$ge ! righte\sness ( ! law = :i* ,he suff]$1 to recognise ! result ( s9 to :i* s9 has bl9d$ !m1 !n !re has be5 made on _! "p ! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! great reconciliation4 ,fai? id5tifies ! individual ) ! sacrifice :i* has be5 (f]$ = him1 & !re=e ) ,*ri/'s attitude t[>ds ,god & t[>ds s91 & ?\gh x is b ! fir/ /ep1 yet x is emphatically t by reason ( :i* we are ju/ifi$4 ,= s9ce we are ?us id5tifi$ ) ! sacrifice1 ,god accepts ! fir/ /ep = ! :ole c\rse1 ( :i* x is ! pl$ge & anticipation4 ,we are ju/ifi$ because we believe 9 ,god1 b also because ,god believes 9 u#bdj4 ,fai?1 be+ :at x is1 a complex moral act :]eby ,*ri/'s propitiation is accept$ by man1 implies an attitude ( m9d t[>ds s9 s "r t1 ?\gh x is b ! fir/ movem5t ( ! s\l 9 ,*ri/1 ,god takes x = ! :ole1 sees u z :olly 9 ,him1 reckons x to u z righte\sness4 ,b only because x is z a matt] ( fact ! fir/1 ! h>de/1 p]haps1 & ! mo/ necess>y1 b /ill only ! fir/ /ep t[>ds complete sanctification4 ,&1 if we n[ ask :at is ! fur!r c\rse ( sanctification1 ! answ] w %ew ! full relation ( ! sacrifice ( ,*ri/ to man's w & consci5ce4 ,= ! life ( sanctification is no?+ else b ! 'imitation ( ,*ri/' 9 t task ( 'le>n+ ob$i5ce' to :i* ,8 life 0 devot$1 & :i* ,8 dea? complet$4 ,9 u1 too1 z 9 ,him1 t task has to be accompli%$ by suff]+4 ',he le>nt ob$i5ce by ! ?+s :i* ,he suff]$4' ',x became ,him 444 9 br++ _m sons unto glory1 to make ! ,capta9 ( _! salvation p]fect ?r\gh suff]+s4' ,t same pa? t[>ds p]fection lies be=e all :o are ju/ifi$ by fai? 9 ,8 aton+ sacrifice4 ,= ju/ification is a spiritual act answ]+ to ! spiritual act ( fai?4 ,! spiritual g]m ( vitality ?us implant$ 9 u has to be develop$ 9 ! sph]e 9 :i* ! consequ5ces ( s9 naturally & inevitably "w !mselves out1 9 ! bodily nature ( man4 ',ev5 we1' says ,s4 ,paul1 ':i* h ! fir/ fruits ( ! ,_s1' ev5 we are wait+ = ! fur!r process1 = '! adoption1 to wit1 ! r$emption ( our body4' ,& ! process consi/s 9 s foll[+ '! ,capta9 ( our salvation' t1 l ,him1 we accept e "o ( ^? suff]+s :i* are ! consequ5ces ( s91 b accept !m n z puni%m5t impos$ f )\t ^u unwill+ (f5d]s1 b z ! mat]ial ( our freewill sacrifice4 ,f no "o pang or trial ( our nature has ,he deliv]$ u1 inde$1 ,he has r laid !m ^u u m unsp>+ly1 m inevitably4 ,b ! suff]+s f :i* ,he w\ld n deliv] u ,he has trans=m$ = u4 ,!y are no long] p5al1 b rem$ial & p5it5tial4 ,pa9 has become ! *a/isem5t ( a ,fa!r :o loves u1 & dea? ! passage into ,8 v pres5ce4 ,& ?is ,he has done = u by ! be/[al ^u u ( spiritual vitality4 ,! g]m is implant$ by ! act ( =giv5ess :i* removes ! wra? & ! imp5d+ dea?1 & ?is g]m ( life1 *]i%$ & develop$ by ! gifts :i* fl[ f ,8 m$iation & int]cession1 by ! ,holy ,_s ,:om ,he s5ds to dwell 9 u1 works on all ! p5alties ( s91 & makes !m ! sacrifice :i* we (f] 9 ,him4 ,?is is ! 'law ( ! ,_s ( life4' ',if ,*ri/ be 9 y1 ! body is dead because ( s92 b ! ,_s is life because ( righte\sness4 ,b if ! ,_s ( ,him t rais$ up ,jesus f ! dead dwell 9 y1 ,he t rais$ up ,*ri/ f ! dead %all also quick5 y\r mortal bodies by ,8 ,_s t dwelle? 9 y4' ,our p]sonal %>e !n 9 ! ,atonem5t is n m]e passivity4 ,x consi/s1 fir/1 9 ! acceptance ( ,god's =giv5ess 9 ,*ri/1 our self-id5tification ) ,*ri/'s aton+ attitude1 & !n 9 work+ out1 by ! p[] ( ! life be/[$ ^u u1 all ! consequ5ces ( =giv5ess1 ! trans=mation ( puni%m5t into sacrifice1 ! imitation ( ,*ri/ 9 ,8 p]fect ob$i5ce to ! law ( righte\sness1 ! gradual sanctification ( body1 s\l & _s by ! grace :i* enables u to 'suff] ) ,him4' ,,iii4 ,! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t1 m ?an any ( ! great tru?s ( ,*ri/ianity1 has be5 misconceiv$ & misrepres5t$1 & has !re=e n only be5 reject$ itself1 b has sometimes be5 ! cause ( ! rejection ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian sy/em4 ,! tru? ( ! vic>i\s sacrifice has be5 isolat$ till x has almo/ become untrue1 &1 my/]i\s z x und\bt$ly is1 x has be5 s /at$ z to be n only my/]i\s1 b contr>y to reason & ev5 to consci5ce4 ,"o mo/ t]rible misconception x is h>dly necess>y to d m ?an m5tion4 ,! tru? ( ! wra? ( ,god aga9/ s9 & ( ! love ( ,*ri/ by :i* t wra? 0 remov$1 has be5 p]v]t$ into a belief 9 a div]g5ce ( w betwe5 ,god ! ,fa!r & ,god ! ,son1 z if x 0 ! ,fa!r's w t s9n]s %\ld p]i%1 ! ,son's w t !y %\ld be sav$2 z if ! ,atonem5t consi/$ 9 ! propitiation ( ! wra?ful ,god by ! sub/itut$ puni%m5t ( ! innoc5t = ! guilty4 ,x w be se5 t :ile ?is /atem5t seems to repres5t ! ,ca?olic doctr9e1 9 reality x introduces a mo/ vital diff]5ce4 ,!re c be no div]g5ce ( w betwe5 ! ,p]sons ( ! ,bless$ ,tr9ity2 &1 9 reg>d to ?is special deal+ ) man1 we h ! cle>e/ te/imony ( ,revelation t ! :ole ,godhead %>$ 9 ! "w4 ,"h1 z always1 ,god ! ,fa!r is reveal$ z ! s\rce & orig9 ( all good4 ',god s lov$ ! _w t ,he gave ,8 only begott5 ,son1 t :osoev] believe? 9 ,him %\ld n p]i%1 b h ev]la/+ life4' ',god 0 9 ,*ri/ reconcil+ ! _w to ,himself4' ,! beg9n+ & ! end ( ! ,atonem5t is ! love ( ,god3 ! dea? ( ,*ri/ 0 n ! cause1 b ! revelation ( t love#bda4 ,t x 0 ! second ,p]son ( ! ,tr9ity :o 0 actually ! means ( our r$emption may be ascrib$ to t orig9al relation ( ! ,logos to ! human race1 by :i* ,he 0 bo? its ,creator & its p]fect exempl>#bdb4 ,b no?+ c be fur!r f ! tru? ?an to imag9e t ,8 0 all ! love :i* sav$ u1 ! ,fa!r's all ! wra? :i* condemn$ u4 ,if ! dea? ( ,*ri/ 0 necess>y to propitiate ! wra? ( ! ,fa!r1 x 0 necess>y to propitiate ,8 own wra? also2 if x manife/$ ,8 love1 x manife/$ ! ,fa!r's love also4 ,! absolute1 unbrok51 unity ( w betwe5 ! ,fa!r & ! ,son is ! secret ( ! aton+ sacrifice4 ,aga91 ! isolation ( ! tru? ( ! ,atonem5t f o!r p>ts ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e has l$ to a mode ( /at+ x :i* deprives u ( all motive to action1 ( all responsibility = our own salvation4 ,j z ! misconception notic$ above arose f a failure to grasp ! :ole tru? ( our ,"l's ,div9ity1 s ?is error spr+s f ignor+ ,8 p]fect ,humanity4 ,*ri/ is reg>d$ z hav+ no vital or real relation to u1 & ,8 "w is !re=e :olly ext]nal1 a m]e gift f above4 ,b :at has already be5 said w %ew t f ! fir/ ! ,atonem5t has be5 taught z ! (f]+ ( our spiritual ,head1 9 ,:om we are r$eem$1 & ^: example we are able to foll[ z hav+ ,him 9 u4 ,salvation is ?us giv5 to u inde$1 b x is giv5 to u because we are 9 ,*ri/1 & we h to "w out our %>e 9 x because ( ! responsibility1 ! call to sacrifice :i* t union ) ,him lays ^u u4 ',"w out y\r own salvation ) fe> & trembl+1 = x is ,god :i* worke? 9 y bo? to w & to d4' ,x is all f ,god & ( ,god2 b ,god has come into our life1 & tak5 u up into ,him1 & call$ ^u u to foll[ ,him 9 ! way ( ! cross4 ,& ?is leads u to consid] ano!r error1 or r ano!r =m ( ! same error4 ,no?+ is m common ?an to he> ! doctr9e ( ,atonem5t /at$ z if ! "w ( ,*ri/ consi/$ 9 ,8 endurance ( our puni%m5t 9 ord] t we might n endure x4 ,?is view ( ! doctr9e leads to ! objections--p]haps ! commone/ ( all ! difficulties f\nd 9 :at m5 take = ,*ri/ianity--t ! puni%m5t ( ! innoc5t in/ead ( ! guilty is unju/1 & t puni%m5t _c be borne by anyone b ! s9n]4 ,we h se5 t ! real vic>i\sness ( our ,"l's "w lay 9 ! (f]+ ( ! p]fect sacrifice3 ! !ory we are n[ consid]+ holds1 on ! contr>y1 t x lay 9 ! sub/itution ( ,8 puni%m5t = ours4 ,a p>tial tru? is conta9$ 9 ?is !ory2 = our ,"l did endure suff]+s1 &1 z has be5 already said1 !y 7 ! v suff]+s :i* are1 9 s9n]s1 ! p5alties ( s94 ,b z a simple matt] ( fact & exp]i5ce1 ! suff]+s & ! pa9s ( dea? :i* ,he endur$ h n be5 remitt$ to u2 & t :i* is remitt$1 ! et]nal p5alty ( ali5ation f ,god1 0 n1 c\ld n be endur$ by ,him4 ,= ali5ation f ,god is1 ess5tially1 a /ate ( s92 x is s91 reg>d$ bo? 9 its orig9 & 9 its necess>y result4 ,x c\ld n1 !re=e1 be borne by ,*ri/1 '9 ,:om 0 no s91' betwe5 ,:om & ! ,fa!r 0 no ali5ation4 ,attempts h be5 made to e/abli% a quantitative relation betwe5 our ,"l's suff]+s & ! puni%m5t :i* is !reby remitt$ to u1 to prove t ! et]nal nature ( ! ,suff]] made ,8 dea? equival5t to et]nal puni%m5t4 ,b ev5 if su* attempts1 9 s my/]i\s a region1 c\ld succe$1 x w\ld be va9 to e/abli% a quantitative equival5ce :]e !re is no qualitative relation4 ,et]nal puni%m5t is 'et]nal s9#bdc1' & z su* c\ld nev] be endur$ by ! s9less ,son ( ,god4 ,b we h to face ! "q :i* naturally foll[s4 ,:at1 !n1 did ,8 suff]+s & dea? mean8 ,:y did ,he endure :at are to u ! temporal p5alties1 ! div]se consequ5ces ( s98 ,& if ,he endur$ !m1 :y are !y n remitt$ to u8 ,x is true1 z has be5 %ewn1 t ,he bore j ^? suff]+s :i* are ! results & p5alties ( s91 ev5 to t trem5d\s f9al exp]i5ce 9 :i* man loses sight ( ,god z he ent]s ! valley ( ! %ad[ ( dea?2 b ,he bore !m1 n t we might be fre$ f !m1 = we h des]v$ !m1 b t we might be enabl$ to be> !m1 z ,he did1 victori\sly & 9 unbrok5 union ) ,god4 ,he1 ! ,innoc5t1 suff]$1 b ! guilty d n 'g free2' = ! v end & object ( all ! ob$i5ce t ,he le>nt 01 t ,he might lead man along ! same pa? ( suff]+1 n 'free1' b gladly submissive to ! pa9s1 :i*1 b = ,him1 w\ld be ! ov]:elm+ p5alties ( our s9s4 ,x may be true t 'puni%m5t _c be borne by anyone b ! s9n]#bdd1' & !re=e x may be "r n to call ,*ri/'s suff]+s puni%m5t1 especially z ! expression is significantly avoid$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b x is c]ta9ly n true t ! suff]+s :i* result f s9 _c be borne by anyone b ! s9n]3 e day demon/rates ! falsity ( su* an ass]tion4 ,suff]+s borne 9 ! wrong _s1 unsubmissively or )\t recognition ( _! ju/ice1 are p5al2 b ! _s ( humility & ob$i5ce makes !m rem$ial & purgatorial4 ,*ri/1 by s be>+ ! pa9s :i* s9 br\ght ^u human nature1 & :i* ! special s9 ( ,8 enemies heap$ ^u ,him1 has n only (f]$ ! "o p]fect sacrifice1 b has also giv5 u /r5g? to make ! same submission1 to le>n ! same ob$i5ce & to %>e ! same sacrifice4 ,,iv4 ,!re are _m topics connect$ ) ! ,atonem5t :i* x is impossible "h to discuss1 b :i* seem to fall into _! "r place & proportion if ^? aspects ( ,*ri/'s r$eem+ "w :i* h be5 dwelt ^u are kept firmly 9 m9d4 ,! c5tral my/]y ( ! cross1 ! =giv5ess1 ! removal ( wra?1 !reby freely be/[$ ^u u1 rema9s a my/]y1 & mu/ always be an insup]able difficulty to ^? :o dep5d :olly on reason1 or :o tru/ :olly 9 man's p[] to extricate himself f ! de/ruction wr\ght by 8 s91 z x 0 an (f5ce to ! ,jew1 & fooli%ness to ! ,greek4 ,b my/]y ?\gh x is to ! intellect1 !re is a moral fitness#bde 9 ! be/[al ( =giv5ess because ( ! ob$i5ce ( ,*ri/ %ewn 9 ,8 sacrificial dea?1 :i* appeals irresi/ibly to ! moral consci\sness ( mank9d4 ,! witness ( ?is is ! tru/ful gratitude ) :i* ! doctr9e ( ,*ri/ crucifi$ has be5 accept$ by ,*ri/ians1 le>n$ & unle>n$1 f ! age ( its fir/ prea*+4 ,! human he>t accepts x1 & by ! cross is assur$ ( =giv5ess3 'to !m :i* are call$' x is ',*ri/ ! p[] ( ,god1 & ! wisdom ( ,god4' ,b if we may appeal to exp]i5ce 9 support ( ?is my/]i\s tru?1 mu* m may we claim ! same support = ! pla9]1 m human aspect ( ! ,atonem5t4 ,z ,s4 ,a?anasius 9 8 day#bdf1 s we 9 ours may appeal = ! practical & visible pro( ( ! ,atonem5t1 to ! complete *ange 9 man's relation to sorr[ & suff]+1 & 9 ! ,*ri/ian view ( dea?#bdg4 ,?is is no small matt]4 ,:5 we realize :at suff]+ is 9 human life1 ! va/ place :i* x has 9 our exp]i5ce1 its p[] ( absorb+ ! m9d1 its culm9ation 9 ! f9al pangs ( dea?1 & :5 we see ! trans=mation1 h[ev] gradual & imp]fect x may be1 ( all ?is into ! means & mat]ial ( ! sacrifice :i* ! foll[] ( ,*ri/ is gladly will+ to (f] to ! ,fa!r ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/1 we realize ! full =ce ( ! great words tell+ ( ! de/ruction '?r\gh dea? ( him t _h ! p[] ( dea?1 t is ! devil1' & ( ! deliv]ance ( '!m :o ?r\gh fe> ( dea? 7 all _! lifetime subject to bondage4' ,& ! trans=mation1 ! de/ruction1 ! deliv]ance1 consi/ 9 ?is t f ^! suff]+s ,8 sacrifice has remov$ ! elem5t ( rebellion1 ! hopelessness ( ali5ation1 ! /+ ( s94 ,!y are ours1 because !y 7 ,82 b !y are ours z !y 7 ,81 purifi$ & p]fect$ by ob$i5ce1 by ! (f]+ ( a holy ,w2 'by ! :i* ,w we are sanctifi$ ?r\gh ! (f]+ ( ! body ( ,jesus ,*ri/ once = all4' #bag ,mill1 ,exam9ation ( ,sir ,w4 ,hamilton's ,philosophy1 p4 #ajc4 ',i w call no be+ good1 :o is n :at ,i mean :5 ,i apply t epi!t to my fell[-creatures2 & if su* a be+ c s5t5ce me to hell = n s call+ him1 to hell ,i w g4' #bah ,cf4 ,holl&1 ,logic & ,life1 pp4 #ajg1 #ajh4 #bai ,milligan1 ,! ,resurrection1 p4 #bgh4 #bbj ,cf4 ,mozley1 ,univ]sity ,s]mons1 p4 #agg 7#bnd ed473 ',ju/ice is a fragm5t1 m]cy is a fragm5t1 m$iation is a fragm5t2 ju/ice1 m]cy1 m$iation z a reason ( m]cy--all ?ree2 :at inde$ are !y b great vi/as & op5+s into an invisible _w 9 :i* is ! po9t ( view :i* br+s !m all toge!r8' #bba ,cf4 ,*4 ,qu>t]ly ,review1 xvi4 p4 #bhi on ',our ,"l's ,human ,example4' ',*ri/1 ( c\rse1 _h e faculty ( human nature1 ev]y?+ t man s9s )1 & !re=e e in/rum5t or faculty ( s94' #bbb ,9 ! la/ two s5t5ces a slight *ange has be5 made 9 consequ5ce ( a criticism :i* %[$ t x 0 possible to misund]/& ! language orig9ally employ$1 :i* h[ev] 0 int5d$ to convey precisely ! same mean+1 & :i* c\ld be amply ju/ifi$ by su* a passage z e4g4 ,s4 ,anselm1 ,cur ,deus ,homo1 ii4 #aj1 ',possumus igitur dic]e de ,*ri/o quia potuit m5tiri1 si subaudiatur1 si vellet4' ,cf4 also ,boetius c4 ,euty*5 et ,ne/orium1 c4 viii4 7,opuscula ,sacra1 ed4 ,peip]1 pp4 #bad ff47 #bbc ,cf4 ,m,leod ,campbell1 ,! ,nature ( ! ,atonem5t1 pp4 #aag1 #aah1 #aai1 #abg1 #cdg3 ',t on5ess ( m9d ) ! ,fa!r1 :i* t[>ds man took ! =m ( condemnation ( s91 w\ld 9 ! ,son's deal+ ) ! ,fa!r 9 relation to our s9s1 take ! =m ( a p]fect confession ( our s9s4 ,?is confession1 z to its own nature1 mu/ h be5 a p]fect ,am5 9 humanity to ! judgm5t ( ,god on ! s9 ( man4' ',9 ,*ri/ ta/+ dea? z ! wages ( s9 444 0 a p]fect+ ( ! ,div9e response 9 humanity to ! ,div9e condemnation ( s94' #bbd ,see ,dale1 ,atonem5t1 pp4 #di ff42 ,s*midt 9 ,h]zog's ,real4 ,encykl4 xvi4 #djc4 #bbe ,de ,inc>n4 ,v]bi #d1 ',man is by nature mortal4' ,s4 ,a?anasius held1 h[ev]1 t ?is 'natural corruption' w\ld h be5 susp5d$1 b = ! ,fall1 by ! help ( ! ,logos emp[]+ man to live ! ,div9e life4 ,see on ! :ole subject1 ,! ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e ( ,s91 ,app4 ii4 p4 #ecf4 #bbf ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! ,*ur* has always reg>d$ ! ,atonem5t z hav+ a retrospective effect1 ext5d+ back to ! fir/ repres5tatives ( ! human race4 #bbg ,cf4 ,s*midt 9 ,h]zog's ,real4 ,encykl41 ,art4 ,v]snung1 vol4 xvi4 p4 #djc4 #bbh ,ir5aeus is full ( ?is ?\ght1 ?\gh x is n dis5tangl$ f o!r explanations ( ! dea? ( ,*ri/4 ,cf4 especially ,v4 xxiii4 #b3 ',recapitulans enim univ]sum hom9em 9 se ab initio usque ad f9em1 recapitulatus et mortem ejus4' ,cf4 also ,a?anasius1 de ,inc>n4 ,v]bi #i1 9 :i* he sugge/s t x 0 ! ,div9e p[] ( ! ,logos 9 ! bodily nature ( ,*ri/ t made ,8 sacrifice repres5tative1 z well z ,8 dea? victori\s ov] dea?4 #bbi ,see especially ,heb4 ix4 #bh1 :i* is an e*o ( ! ,,lxx4 ( ,is4 liii4 #ab4 #bcj ,a?an4 c4 ,ar4 i4 #dc3 ',he put on ! fle% :i* 0 enslav$ to s94' ,cf4 also ,augu/9e1 de ,musica ,,vi4 iv3 ',hom9em s9e peccato1 non s9e peccatoris conditione suscepit4 ,nam et nasci humanitus1 et pati et mori voluit4' ,i owe ?is ref]5ce to ,norris1 ,rudim5ts ( ,!ology1 p4 #fa n4 #bca ,heb4 ii4 #ag2 vii4 #bd1 #bf1 #bh3 cf4 ix4 #ac1 #ad1 #bd1 #be1 #bf2 x4 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad4 #bcb ,cf4 ,a?an4 c4 ,ar4 ii4 #fi3 ',he s5ds ,8 own ,son1 & ,he becomes ,son ( ,man1 by tak+ creat$ fle%2 t1 s9ce all 7 "u s5t5ce ( dea?1 ,he1 be+ o!r ?an !m all1 might ,himself = all (f] to dea? ,8 own body4' #bcc ,! two aspects ( ! ,atonem5t are frequ5tly pres5t$ by ,s4 ,a?anasius1 de ,inc>n4 ,v]bi4 ,?us 7*4 #aj7 ',by ! sacrifice ( ,8 own ,body ,he bo? put an end to ! law :i* 0 aga9/ u1 & gave u a fre% beg9n+ ( life1 9 t ,he be/[$ on u ! hope ( resurrection4' ,cf4 also *s4 #h & #i4 ,aga9 7*4 #be71 ',z ,he (f]$ ,8 ,body unto dea? = all2 s by x ,he aga9 ?rew op5 ! way to heav54' #bcd ,cf4 ,we/cott1 ,hi/oric ,fai?1 p4 #acc4 #bce ,cf4 ,magee1 ,! ,gospel & ! ,age1 pp4 #bgj ff4 ,bi%op ,magee1 h[ev]1 seems to exagg]ate ! c]ta9ty & rel5tlessness ( ! temporal puni%m5t ( s9 7cf4 aga9/ ?is ,dale1 ,! ,atonem5t1 ,lect4 viii7 & to ov]look ! =ce ( ! analogy f human exp]i5ce ( =giv5ess4 #bcf ,cf4 ,a?4 c4 ,ar4 iii4 #cd4 ',z ! ,"l 9 putt+ on ! body1 became ,man1 s we m5 are made gods by ! ,^w1 be+ tak5 into ,him ?r\gh ,8 ,fle%1 & f h5ce=? inh]it life et]nal4' #bcg ,= ?is ?\ght fully drawn out1 see ,holl&1 ,cre$ & ,"*1 pp4 #bab ff4 #bch ,on ! tru? ( ! solid>ity ( all m5 9 ,*ri/1 see ,we/cott1 ,! ,victory ( ! ,cross1 pp4 #f-ec4 #bci ,see e4g4 ,m\le1 ,outl9es ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e1 p4 #ahe4 #bdj ,cf4 ,aug4 de ,tr94 i4 #aj3 ',tales nos amat ,deus1 quales futuri sumus1 non quales sumus4' #bda ,?is is well /at$ by ,m,leod ,campbell1 l4 c4 p4 #af4 #bdb ,cf4 ,a?an4 de ,inc4 passim1 esp4 *s4 #bj & #db4 ,hook]1 ,eccles4 ,pol4 ,v4 li4 #c1 ',x seeme? a ?+ unconsonant t ! _w %\ld hon\r any o!r z ! ,savi\r b ,him ,:om x hon\re? z ! ,creator ( ! _w4' #bdc ,cf4 ! true read+ ( ,s4 ,m>k iii4 #bi1 ,r4,v4 #bdd ,w4 ,r4 ,greg4 #bde ,x %\ld be notic$ t ! ,greek ,fa!rs & ! ,engli% div9es = ! mo/ "p conf9e !mselves to %ew+ ?is moral fitness & consonance ) ,god's moral nature 9 ! ,atonem5t1 & d n attempt to prove its absolute necessity4 ,cf4 ,a?anasius1 de ,inc>n4 ,v]bi1 *4 #f2 ,hook]1 ,eccles4 ,pol4 ,v4 li4 #c2 ,butl]1 ,analogy1 pt4 ii4 c4 #e4 #bdf ,cf4 ,de ,inc>n4 ,v]bi1 *s4 #bg1 #bh1 #bi4 #bdg ,cf4 ,c>lyle's apo/rophe to ,m>ie ,anto9ette on h] way to ! scaffold3 ',?9k ( ,him ,:om ?\ wor%ippe/1 ! ,crucifi$1--,:o also tread+ ! w9epress alone1 front$ sorr[ /ill deep]2 & triumph$ ov] x1 & made x ,holy1 & built ( x a ,sanctu>y ( ,sorr[ = !e & all ! wret*$4' ,miscellane\s ,essays1 vol4 v4 p4 #afe 7ed4 #ahgb74 ,,viii4 ,,! ,,holy ,,_s ,,& ,,inspiration4 ,,*>les ,,gore4 ,i4 ,! appeal to 'exp]i5ce' 9 religion1 :e!r p]sonal or g5]al1 br+s be=e ! m9d s _m associations ( ungov]n$ en?usiasm & untru/wor?y fanaticism1 t x does n easily comm5d itself to ^? ( u :o are mo/ conc]n$ to be reasonable4 ,& yet1 9 "o =m1 or ano!r1 x is an ess5tial "p ( ! appeal :i* ,*ri/ianity makes on its own behalf s9ce ! day :5 ,jesus ,*ri/ met ! "q ',art ?\ ,he t %\ld come1 or d we look = ano!r8' by po9t+ to ! trans=m+ effect ( ,8 "w2 ',! bl9d receive _! sight1 & ! lame walk2 ! lep]s are cleans$1 & ! deaf he>2 ! dead are rais$ up1 & ! poor h ! ,gospel prea*$ to !m4' ,! fact is t 9 curr5t appeals to exp]i5ce ! fault1 :]e !re is a fault1 lies n 9 ! appeal b 9 ! nature ( ! exp]i5ce appeal$ to4 ,:at is meant by ! t]m is (t5 an excit$ /ate ( feel+1 r ?an a p]man5t trans=mation ( ! :ole moral1 intellectual1 & physical be+ ( man4 ,or x is some?+ :i* seems individual & ecc5tric1 or some?+ conf9$ to a p>ticul> class ( p]sons "u special conditions ( education or ( ignorance1 or some?+ :i* o!r religions besides ,*ri/ianity h be5 conspicu\s = produc+4 ,:5 a mean+ broad & full1 & at ! same "t exact en\gh1 has be5 giv5 to exp]i5ce ! appeal is ess5tial to ,*ri/ianity1 because ,*ri/ianity pr(esses to be n a m]e record ( ! pa/1 b a pres5t life1 & !re is no life :]e !re is no exp]i5ce4 ,x w be wor? :ile1 !n1 to be> 9 m9d h[ freely ! orig9al def5d]s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* appeal$1 l _! ,ma/]1 to facts ( exp]i5ce4 ,?us we f9d an individual1 l ,s4 ,cyprian1 recall+ ! "t ( 8 baptism1 & ! p]sonal exp]i5ce ( illum9ation & p[] :i* x br\ght ) x3-- ',su* 7 my frequ5t mus+s3 = :]eas ,i 0 encumb]$ ) ! _m s9s ( my pa/ life1 :i* x seem$ impossible to be rid (1 s ,i _h us$ myself to give way to my cl++ infirmities1 &1 f despair ( bett] ?+s1 to hum\r ! evils ( my he>t1 z slaves born 9 my h\se1 & my prop] (fspr+4 ,b aft] t life-giv+ wat] succ\r$ me1 wa%+ away ! /a9 ( =m] ye>s1 & p\r+ into my cleans$ & hall[$ brea/ ! light :i* comes f heav51 aft] t ,i drank 9 ! ,heav5ly ,_s1 & 0 creat$ into a new man by a second bir?1--!n m>vell\sly :at be=e 0 d\btful became pla9 to me1 :at 0 hidd5 0 reveal$1 :at 0 d>k began to %9e1 :at 0 be=e difficult1 n[ _h a way & a means1 :at _h seem$ impossible1 n[ c\ld be a*iev$1 :at 0 9 me ( ! guilty fle%1 n[ confess$ t x 0 e>?y1 :at 0 quick5$ 9 me by ! ,holy ,gho/1 n[ _h a gr[? accord+ to ,god#bdh4 ,aga91 we f9d an apologi/ l ,s4 ,a?anasius1 re/+ ! /ress ( 8 argum5t on behalf ( ,*ri/ ^u :at ,he has done 9 ! _w1 & specially on ! spiritual =ce ,he ex]cises on masses ( m51 'draw+ !m to religion1 p]suad+ !m to virtue1 tea*+ !m immortality1 lead+ !m to ! desire ( heav5ly ?+s1 reveal+ ! k ( ! ,fa!r1 inspir+ p[] ov] dea?1 %ew+ ea* man to himself1 aboli%+ ! godlessness ( idolatry#bdi4' ,! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* appeal$ 9 ?is way to exp]i5ce1 because ,*ri/ianity1 z !y knew1 is ess5tially n a pa/ ev5t1 b a pres5t life1 a life fir/ manife/$ 9 ,*ri/ & !n p]petuat$ 9 ,8 ,*ur*4 ,*ri/ianity is a manife/$ life1--a ?+1 !re=e1 l all o!r =ms ( life1 kn[n n 9 itself b 9 its effects1 its fruits1 its results4 ,*ri/ianity is a manife/$ life1 & x is ?is because x is ! sph]e 9 :i* ! ,_s1 ! ,life-giv]1 f9ds ,8 free/ & mo/ unh9d]$ activity4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is ! sc5e ( ! int5se/1 ! mo/ vigor\s1 ! ri*e/1 ! mo/ 'abundant' life t ! univ]se kn[s1 because 9 a preem95t s5se x is ! ',_s-be>+ body4' ,! ,_s is life2 t is ,8 *ief *>act]i/ic4 ,we may inde$ elucidate ! idea ( _s by negations2 by negation ( mat]iality1 ( circumscription1 ( limitation2 b ! positive conception we are to atta* to _s is ! conception ( life2 & :]e life is mo/ p5etrat+1 pr(\nd1 inv9cible1 rational1 consci\s ( ,god1 !re 9 fulle/ fre$om ( op]ation is ! ,holy ,_s#bej4 ,?us1 obvi\sly en\gh1 ! doctr9e ( ! ,_s is no remote or esot]ic ?+2 x is no m]e ultimate object ( ! rapt contemplation ( ! my/ic2 x is ! doctr9e ( t :]e9 ,god t\*es man mo/ ne>ly1 mo/ famili>ly1 9 common life4 ,la/ 9 ! et]nal ord] ( ! ,div9e ,be+1 'proce$+ f ! ,fa!r & ! ,son1' ! ,holy ,_s is ! fir/ po9t ( contact ) ,god 9 ! ord] ( human exp]i5ce#bea4 ',i believe 9 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ! giv] ( life4' ,all life is ,8 op]ation4 ',:]ev] ! ,holy ,_s is1 !re is also life2 & :]ev] life is1 !re is also ! ,holy ,_s#beb4' ,?us if creation takes its rise 9 ! w ( ! ,fa!r1 if x f9ds its law 9 ! be+ ( ! ,^w or ,son1 yet ! effective in/rum5t ( creation1 ! 'f+] ( ,god1' ! mov+ pr9ciple ( vitalization is ! ,holy ,_s1 '! divid] & di/ributor ( ! gifts ( life#bec4' ,nature is "o great body1 & !re is brea? 9 ! body2 b ?is brea? is n self-orig9at$ life1 x is ! influ5ce ( ! ,div9e ,_s4 ',by ! ^w ( ! ,"l 7 ! heav5s made1 & all ! ho/ ( !m by ! brea? ( ,8 m\?4' ,! ,_s1 ! brea? ( ,god1 0 brood+ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s ( *aos ere life & ord] 74 ,x is ! s5d+ =? ( ! brea? ( ,god1 :i* is ! giv+ to ?+s ( ! gift ( life2 x is ! )drawal ( t brea? :i* is _! annihilation#bed4 ,s ke5ly inde$ 7 ! ,*ri/ians ( ! e>ly p]iod consci\s ( ! "o life ( nature z ! univ]sal evid5ce ( ! "o ,_s1 t x 0 a po9t ( ! *>ge aga9/ ,orig5 t 8 language seem$ to involve an exclusion ( ! ,holy ,_s f nature1 & a limitation ( ,8 activity to ! ,*ur*#bee4 ,! :ole ( life is c]ta9ly ,84 ,& yet1 because ,8 special attribute is hol9ess1 x is 9 rational natures1 :i* alone are capable ( hol9ess1 t ,he ex]ts ,8 special influ5ce4 ,a special 9-brea?+ ( ! ,div9e ,_s gave to man 8 prop] be+#bef4 ,9 humanity1 made aft] ! ,div9e ,image1 x 0 ! orig9al int5tion ( ,god t ! ,_s %\ld f9d ,8 *iefe/ joy1 build+ ! edifice ( a social life 9 :i* nature 0 to f9d its cr[n & ju/ification3 a life ( consci\s & free son%ip1 9 :i* ! gifts ( ,god %\ld be n only receiv$1 b recognis$ z ,81 & consci\sly us$ 9 will+ & glad homage to ! ,div9e ,giv]1 9 rev]5t execution ( ! law ( developm5t impress$ by ! ,div9e ,reason1 9 ! realiz$ fell[%ip ( ! ,bless$ ,_s ( k & love4 ,! hi/ory ( humanity has 9 fact be5 a developm5t1 b a developm5t ! cont9uity ( :i* is mo/ app>5t 9 t dep>tm5t 9 :i* man appe>s simply z ! *ild ( nature1 ! mo/ p]fect & int]e/+ ( h] products1 consci\sly adapt+ himself to 8 environm5t & m\ld$ by x4 ,?is inde$ has be5 s mu* ! case t ! facts ( ! hi/ory ( civilization h be5 us$1 at lea/ plausibly1 z an argum5t aga9/ our race really possess+ moral fre$om at all4 ,su* a use ( ! facts is1 we recognise1 n ju/ifiable4 ,x leaves out ( consid]ation "s ( ! mo/ /rik+ elem5ts 9 human hi/ory1 & "s ( ! mo/ c]ta9 facts ( human consci\sness4 ,b ! v plausibl5ess ( ! argum5t is sugge/ive4 ,x means t comp>atively v few m5 h be5 at pa9s to realize _! true fre$om2 t m5 9 masses h be5 dom9at$ by ! m]e =ces ( nature2 or1 9 o!r words1 t human hi/ory pres5ts broadly ! record ( a "o-sid$1 a di/ort$ developm5t4 ,= man 0 n meant = m]ely natural evolution1 m]e self-adaptation to ! '?+s t are se54' ,! consci\sness t he 0 meant = some?+ high] has t+$ 8 mo/ brilliant physical successes1 8 greate/ triumphs ( civilization & art1 ) ! bitt]ness ( remorse1 ! mis]y ( consci\s lawlessness4 ,our race 0 creat$ = consci\s fell[%ip ) ,god1 = son%ip1 = ! life ( _s4 ,& x is j 9 ?is dep>tm5t t its failure has be5 mo/ conspicu\s4 ,x is "h t ! ,div9e ,_s has f\nd ,8 *iefe/ disappo9tm5t4 ,ev]y:]e ,he has f\nd rebellion--n ev]y:]e )\t exception1 = '9 e age ent]+ into holy s\ls1 ,he has made !m sons ( ,god & prophets'3 b ev]y:]e 9 su* a g5]al s5se t s9 9 fact & 9 its consequ5ces cov]s ! :ole region ( humanity4 ,9 ! highe/ dep>tm5t ( creat$ life1 :]e alone lawlessness 0 possible1 because :at 0 ask$ = 0 ! co-op]ation ( free s]vice to c>ry out a freely accept$ ideal#beg1--!re alone is ! record ( lawlessness1 ! record ( ! ,_s /riv+ ) man1 b resi/$1 reject$1 ignor$1 qu5*$4 ,?us ! ^w1 :i* 9 fact mo/ =cibly *>act]izes man's spiritual hi/ory1 s f> z x has be5 accord+ to ! m9d ( ,god1 is n progress1 b recov]y1 or r$emption4 ,x is n natural b sup]natural--sup]natural1 t is1 9 view ( ! false nature :i* man made = himself by exclud+ ,god4 ,o!rwise ! "w ( r$emption is only ! recon/itution ( ! nature :i* ,god design$4 ,x is ! recov]y )9 ! limits ( a *os5 race & by a delib]ate process ( limitation1 ( a /ate ( ?+s :i* _h be5 int5d$ to be univ]sal#beh4 ,! 'elect' repres5t n ! special purpose ( ,god = a few1 b ! univ]sal purpose :i* "u ! circum/ances c only be realiz$ ?r\gh a few4 ,! h$g+ 9 ( ! few1 ! draw+ ( ! l9es s close1 ! me?od ( exclusion aga9 & aga9 r5ew$ all d[n ! hi/ory ( r$emption1 repres5ts ! love ( ! ,div9e ,_s ev] baffl$ 9 ! mass1 pres]v+ ! tru? ( ,god 9 a 'remnant1' an elect body2 :o !mselves escap+ ! corruption :i* is 9 ! _w1 become 9 _! turn a fre% c5tre f :i* ! re/orative influ5ce c fl[ out ^u mank9d4 ,reject$ 9 ! _w1 ,he secures = ,himself a sph]e ( op]ations 9 ! ,jews1 isolat+ ,abraham1 giv+ ! law = a h$ge1 keep+ alive 9 ! nation ! s5se ( its vocation by ! inspiration ( prophets4 ,aga9 & aga9 baffl$ 9 ! body ( ! ,jewi% nation1 ,he falls back ^u ! fai?ful remnant1 & keeps alive 9 !m t prospective son%ip :i* 0 meant to be ! vocation ( ! :ole nation3 sometimes 9 n>r[]1 sometimes 9 broad] *annels1 ! purpose ( love moves on till ! ,_s f9ds 9 ! ,son ( ,man1 ! ,ano9t$ ,"o1 ! p]fect realization ( ! de/9y ( man1 ! manhood 9 :i* ,he c freely & fully "w3 ',he came d[n ^u ! ,son ( ,god1 made son ( man1 accu/om+ ,himself 9 ,8 case to dwell 9 ! human race1 & to repose 9 man1 & to dwell 9 ,god's creatures1 work+ out 9 !m ! w ( ! ,fa!r1 & recov]+ !m f _! old nature into ! newness ( ,*ri/#bei4' ,9 ,*ri/ humanity is p]fect1 because 9 ,him x reta9s no "p ( t false indep5d5ce :i*1 9 all its manifold =ms1 is ! secret ( s94 ,9 ,*ri/ humanity is p]fect & complete1 9 ungrudg+ & unimpair$ ob$i5ce to ! movem5t ( ! ,div9e ,_s1 ,^: creation x 01 ,^: organ x gave itself to be4 ,! ,_s ano9ts ,him2 ! ,_s drives ,him into ! wild]ness2 ! ,_s gives ,him ! law ( ,8 mission2 9 ! p[] ( ! ,_s ,he works ,8 miracles2 9 ! ,holy ,_s ,he lifts up ! voice ( human ?ankfulness to ! ,div9e ,fa!r2 9 ! ,_s ,he (f]s ,himself )\t spot to ,god2 9 ! p[] ( ! ,_s ,he is rais$ f ! dead#bfj4 ,all t p]fect human life _h be5 a life ( ob$i5ce1 ( progressive ob$i5ce1 a gradual le>n+ 9 ea* /age ( exp]i5ce :at ob$i5ce meant#bfa2 x _h be5 a life ( ob$i5ce :i* became propitiatory z x bore loyally1 submissively1 lov+ly1 all ! h]itage ( pa9 & mis]y 9 :i* s9 9 its long hi/ory _h involv$ our manhood1 all ! agony ( t insult & rejection 9 :i* s9 reveal$ itself by antagonism to ,him--bore x1 & by be>+ x turn$ x into ! mat]ial ( ,8 accept$ sacrifice4 ,he 0 ob$i5t unto dea?4 ,& because ,he ?us made our human nature ! organ ( a life ( p]fect ob$i5ce1 !re=e ,he c g on to make t same humanity1 fre$ f all ! limitations ( ?is l[] _w & glorifi$ 9 ! ,_s at ! "r h& ( ,god1 at once ! organ ( ,div9e supremacy ov] ! univ]se ( creat$ ?+s1 & 7itself become quick5+ ,_s#bfb7 ! f\nt to all ! sons ( ob$i5ce & fai? ( its own life4 ,*ri/ is ! second ,adam1 :o hav+ 'recapitulat$ ! long developm5t ( humanity into ,himself#bfc1' tak5 x up into ,himself1 t is1 & heal$ its w\nds & fructifi$ its b>r5ness1 gives x a fre% />t by a new bir? f ,him4 ,! ,_s com+ =? at ,p5teco/ out ( ,8 uplift$ manhood1 z f a glori\s f\nta9 ( new life#bfd1 p]petuates all its ri*ness1 its p[]1 its fulness 9 ! organiz$ society :i* ,he prep>$ & built = ! ,_s's habitation4 ,! ,*ur*1 ,8 ,_s-be>+ body1 comes =? into ! _w1 n z ! exclusive sph]e ( ! ,_s's op]ations1 = 't brea? bl[e? :]e x li/e?#bfe2' b z ! special & cov5ant$ sph]e ( ,8 regul> & uni=m op]ation1 ! place :]e ,he is pl$g$ to dwell & to "w2 ! c5tre m>k$ out & h$g$ 91 :5ce ev] & aga9 proce$s =? anew ! "w ( human recov]y2 ! home :]e1 9 spite ( s9 & imp]fection1 is ev] kept alive ! picture ( :at ! ,*ri/ian life is1 t is1 ( :at common human life is meant to be & c become4 ,( ! "w ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! ,*ur* we may note f\r *>act]i/ics4 #a4 ,x is social4 ,x treats man z a 'social be+1' :o _c realize himself 9 isolation4 ,= no o!r reason ?an because grace is ! re/oration ( nature#bff1 ! true1 ! r$eem$ humanity1 is pres5t$ to u z a society or ,*ur*4 ,?is is app>5t ) ref]5ce to ei!r ( ! gifts :i* summ>ize ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ur*'s life1 grace1 or tru?4 ,sacram5ts are ! orda9$ in/rum5ts ( grace1 & sacram5ts are 9 "o ( _! aspects social c]emonies--( incorporation1 or re/oration1 or be/[al ( au?ority1 or frat]nal %>+ ( ! bread ( life4 ,!y presuppose a social organization4 ,^? :o h attempt$ to expla9 :y !re %\ld be 9 ! ,*ur* an apo/olic succession ( m9i/]s1 h se5 ! gr\nds ( su* appo9tm5t 9 ! necessity = pres]v+ 9 a ca?olic society1 :i* lacks ! natural l9ks ( race or language or common habitation1 a visible & obligatory bond ( association#bfg4 ,! same fact appe>s 9 ref]5ce to ! tru?1 ! k ( ,god & ( ! true nature & ne$s ( man1 :i* con/itutes "o ma9 "p ( ! ,*ri/ian life4 ,t too is no m]e individual illum9ation4 ,x is 'a rule ( fai?1' an 'apo/olic tradition1' 'a patt]n ( s\nd words1' embodi$ 9 ,holy ,scripture & p]petuat$ 9 a tea*+ ,*ur*1 )9 ! scope ( :i* ea* individual is to be br\ght to h 8 m9d & consci5ce fa%ion$ by x1 normally f e>lie/ ye>s4 ,x w\ld be go+ beyond ! prov9ce ( ?is essay to /op to prove t f ! beg9n+s ( ! ,*ri/ian life1 a man 0 und]/ood to become a ,*ri/ian & receive ! b5efits ( r$emption1 by no o!r means ?an incorporation into ! ,*ri/ian society4 #b4 ,b none ! less on acc\nt ( ?is social me?od ! ,_s n\ri%es individuality4 ,! v idea ( ! ,_s's gift is t ( an int5s] life4 ,int5s] life is m individualiz$ life1 = our life becomes ri*] & full] only by ! int5sification ( p]sonality & "*4 ,?us ,*ri/ianity has always tru/$ to /rongly m>k$ "* z ! means by :i* religion is propagat$4 ,x does n advance z an ab/ract doctr9e1 b by ! subtle1 p5etrat+ influ5ces ( p]sonality4 ,x is ! illum9at$ man :o becomes a c5tre ( illum9ation4 ',z cle> transp>5t bodies if a ray ( light fall on !m become radiant !mselves & diffuse _! spl5d\r all ar\nd1 s s\ls illum9at$ by ! indwell+ ,_s are r5d]$ spiritual !mselves & imp>t _! grace to o!rs#bfh4' ,?us1 f ! fir/1 ,*ri/ianity has t5d$ to int5sify individual life 9 a ?\s& ways1 & has glori$ 9 ! v>ieties ( disposition & "* :i* ! full life ( ! ,_s develops4 ,! ,*ur* expects to see ! same v>iety ( life 9 h]self z %e witnesses 9 ,nature4 ',"o & ! same ra91' says ,s4 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem to 8 cate*um5s1 'comes d[n ^u all ! _w1 yet x becomes :ite 9 ! lily1 & r$ 9 ! rose1 & purple 9 ! violets & pansies1 & diff]5t & v>i\s 9 all ! sev]al k9ds2 x is "o ?+ 9 ! palm tree & ano!r 9 ! v9e1 & all 9 all ?+s4 ,9 itself1 inde$1 x is uni=m & *anges n1 b by adapt+ itself to ! nature ( ea* ?+ t receives x1 x becomes :at is appropriate to ea*4 ,?us also ! ,holy ,gho/1 "o & uni=m & undivid$ 9 ,himself1 di/ributes ,8 grace to e man z ,he wills4 ,he employs ! tongue ( "o man = wisdom2 ! s\l ( ano!r ,he enlight5s by prophecy2 to ano!r ,he gives p[] to drive away devils2 to ano!r ,he gives to int]pret ! ,div9e ,scriptures2 ,he invigorates "o man's self-comm&2 ,he tea*es ano!r ! way to give alms3 ano!r ,he tea*es to fa/ & tra9 himself2 ano!r ,he tra9s = m>tyrdom2 div]se to diff]5t m51 yet n div]se f ,himself#bfi4' ,nor 0 ?is belief 9 ! diff]5ces ( ! ,_s's "w a m]e ab/ract !ory4 ,9 fact ! ,*ur* life ( ! e>ly c5turies did pres5t an aspect ( great v>iety3 n only 9 ! dispositions ( individuals1 = t w always be obs]vable :]e human nature is all[$ to subsi/1 b 9 ! types ( life & ?\ght cultivat$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,*ur*4 ,e>ly 9 ! life ( ,*ri/ianity did some?+ l ! ,roman type ( ,ca?olicism %ew itself1 b x %ew$ itself z "o among sev]al types ( ecclesia/icism1 easily di/+ui%able f :at ,alex&ria or ,africa or ,antio* n\ri%$ & produc$4 ,& :at is true 9 ! life ( religion z a :ole is true 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ! intellect4 ,"h aga9 ! au?ority ( ! collective society1 ! 'rule ( fai?1' is meant to n\ri% & quick51 n to cru%1 individuality4 ,ea* individual ,*ri/ian owes ! pr(\nde/ def]5ce to ! common tradition4 ,?us to 'keep ! traditions' is at all times1 & n lea/ 9 ,scripture1 a common ,*ri/ian exhortation4 ,b ?is common tradition is n meant to be a m]ely ext]nal law4 ,x is meant to pass by ! ord9>y processes ( education into ! individual consci\sness1 & !re1 because x repres5ts tru?1 to imp>t fre$om4 ,?us ,s4 ,paul speaks ( ! develop$ ,*ri/ian1 '! man :o is spiritual1' z 'judg+ all ?+s & himself judg$ ( none4' ,& ,s4 ,john makes ! gr\nd ( ,*ri/ian c]ta9ty to lie n 9 an ext]nal au?ority1 b 9 a p]sonal gift3 'ye h an unction f ! ,holy ,"o & ye "k all ?+s2' 'ye ne$ n t any "o tea* y#bgj4' ,!re is !n an individual 'inspiration#bga1' z well z an inspiration ( ! :ole body1 only ?is inspiration is n b>ely individual or sep>ati/4 ,z x proce$s out ( ! society1 s x ends 9 x4 ,x ends by mak+ ea* p]son m individualiz$1 m develop$ 9 p]sonal *>act]i/ics1 b = t v reason m consci\s ( 8 own incomplet5ess1 m ready to recognise himself z only "o memb] ( ! p]fect ,manhood4 ,! idea ( au?ority is 9 fact a p]fectly simple "o4 ,x nev] receiv$ bett] expression ?an by ,plato :5 he describes x z ! function ( ! society by a c>efully regulat$ education to implant "r in/9cts1 "r affections & antipa?ies1 9 ! gr[+ m9d ( ! *ild1 at a "t :5 he _c "k ! reason ( ?+s3 9 ord] t z ! m9d develops x may recognise ! "r reason ( ?+s by a c]ta9 inn] k9%ip1 & welcome tru? z a fri5d#bgb4 ,au?ority1 accord+ to su* a view ( x1 is a necess>y s*ool+ ( ! individual temp]am5t4 ,?us1 we are told t 9 ! judgm5t ( ! philosoph] ,hegel1 ',! basis ( s\nd education 0 444 ! submission ( ! m9d to an ext]nal lesson1 :i* mu/ be le>nt by e "o1 & ev5 le>nt by rote1 ) utt] disreg>d ( individual ta/es & desires2 only out ( ?is self-abnegation1 & submission to be guid$ & taught1 c\ld any orig9ality spr+ :i* 0 wor? pres]v+#bgc4' ,9 fact1 we all recognise ! necessity = su* ext]nal discipl9e 9 all dep>tm5ts4 ,few p l good art1 = in/ance1 at fir/4 ,probably !y are attract$ by :at is weak b arre/s att5tion by obvi\s & sup]ficial m]its4 ,! /&>ds :i* arti/ic au?ority has erect$1 ! accept$ canons ( good ta/e & judgm5t1 d n comm5d !mselves at fir/ z "r or natural4 ,b mode/ & well-dispos$ p take x = grant$ at />t+ t ! or?odox judgm5t w turn out to be "r2 & !y set !mselves to s*ool to le>n :y ! arti/s & poets ( great "n are great1 till _! own judgm5t becomes enlight5$1 & !y und]/& :at at fir/ !y took on tru/4 ,x 0 ! in/9ctive p]ception ( ?is function ( au?ority :i* made ! ,*ur* insi/ s mu* on ! pr9ciple 'cr$o ut intelligam4' ,! ,cre$ repres5ts ! ca?olic judgm5t1 ! highe/ k ( ,god & ! spiritual life grant$ to man by ! ,div9e ,revelation4 ,let a man put himself to s*ool 9 ! ,*ur* ) rev]5ce & godly fe>1 & 8 own judgm5t w become enlight5$4 ,he w come to say ) ,s4 ,anselm1 ',i give !e ?anks1 good ,"l2 because :at fir/ ,i believ$ by ,?y gift1 ,i n[ und]/& by ,?y illum9ation#bgd4' ,su* an idea ( au?ority leaves mu* = ! individual to d4 ,x is ! reaction ( ! individual on ! society :i* is to keep ! common tradition pure & unn>r[$4 ,! ,*ur* has 9 ,holy ,scripture ! highe/ expression ( ! m9d ( ,*ri/4 ,! famili>ity ( all its memb]s ) ?is flawless & ca?olic image is to w>d (f 9 ea* g5]ation t t5d5cy to det]iorate & to become mat]ialis$ :i* belongs to all 'traditions4' ,! individual illum9ation is ?us to react z a purify+ =ce ^u ! common m9d ( ! ,*ri/ian society4 ,! individual ,*ri/ian is to pay ! debt ( 8 education1 by himself 'te/+ all ?+s & hold+ fa/ t :i* is good4' ,specially gift$ individuals f "t to "t w be ne$$ to effect m or less sudd5 'rev]sions to type1' to ! undy+ type ( apo/olic tea*+#bge4 ,b su* a true re=m] is q di/9ct 9 idea f ! h]etic4 ,he re=ms2 he does n innovate4 ,8 note is to re/ore2 n to reject4 ,& ! abs5ce ( necessity = fundam5tal rejection comes f ?is simple fact1 t ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ is rational & true4 ,if any man comes to u & says t he has /udi$ & assimilat$ ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ ) all ! c>e & rev]5ce 9 8 ability1 & has reject$ x because he f9ds x irrational & false1 we _c compla9 ( him#bgf4 ,we _c ask him to accept x ?\gh he ?9ks x false4 ,we d n at all compla9 ( 8 hav+ inquir$ & ?\ght freely--only we v5ture to assure him1 ) a confid5ce :i* c h>dly fail to be irritat+1 because x is confid5t1 t he is mi/ak51 t he has ?\ght n only freely1 b errone\sly4 ,:5 ,*ri/ianity adopts1 z 9 ! mod]n ,romani/ sy/em1 a diff]5t tone1 proscrib+ free inquiry z 'rationali/ic1' & mak+ ! appeal to antiquity1 9 ord] to te/ ! pres5t tea*+ ( ! ,*ur*1 a 'treason & a h]esy#bgg1' x is abjur+ its own rational h]itage1 & adopt+ a me?od :i* ,*>les ,k+sley _h good reason to call ,mani*aean4 ,x is ! te/ ( ! ,*ur*'s legitimate t5ure t %e c enc\rage free inquiry into h] title-de$s4 #c4 ,?irdly1 ! ,_s claims = ,8 own1 & consecrates ! :ole ( nature4 ,"o ,_s 0 ! orig9al au?or ( all t is2 & all t exi/s is 9 its ess5ce v good4 ,x is only s9 :i* has produc$ ! appe>ance ( antagonism betwe5 ! ,div9e op]ation & human fre$om1 or betwe5 ! spiritual & ! mat]ial4 ,?us ! humanity ( ,*ri/1 :i* is ! ,_s's p]fect "w1 exhibits 9 its p]fection h[ e faculty ( human nature1 spiritual & physical1 is enri*$ & vitaliz$1 n annihilat$1 by ! close/ conceivable int]action ( ! ,div9e ,en]gy4 ,?is pr9ciple1 z c>ri$ out 9 ! ,*ur*1 occupies a prom95t place 9 ! e>lie/ !ology2 9 "p because ,montanism1 ) its pagan idea ( inspiration1 z an ec/asy :i* depriv$ its subject ( reason1 gave ! ,*ur* an opportunity ( emphasiz+ t ! fulle/ action ( ! ,_s1 9 ! case ( h] inspir$ m51 int5sifi$ & did n sup]s$e _! own ?\ght1 judgm5t1 & individuality2 /ill m because ,gno/ic dualism1 turn+ e anti!sis ( nature & grace1 ( _s & fle%1 ( natural & sup]natural1 into an antagonism1 =c$ ^u ! ,*ur* ! ass]tion ( h] own true & compreh5sive ,cre$4 ,t ev]y?+ 9 ,*ri/ianity is realiz$ '9 fle% z 9 _s' is ! con/antly reit]at$ cry ( ,s4 ,ignatius1 :o ( all m5 0 mo/ 'spiritual4' ,t ! spiritual is n ! immat]ial1 t we become spiritual n by any *ange or curtailm5t ( nature1 n by any depreciation or ignor+ ( ! body1 is ! con/antly ass]t$ pr9ciple ( ,s4 ,ir5aeus#bgh4 ,& ! e>lie/ writ]s 9 g5]al emphasize ! visible organization ( ! ,*ur*1 & ! in/itution ( ext]nal sacram5ts1 z negations ( ! false pr9ciple :i* w\ld sund] nature f ,god1 & repudiate ! unity ( ! mat]ial & ! spiritual :i* ! ,^w _h be5 made ,fle% 9 ord] to reveal & to p]petuate4 #d4 ,b ! unity ( ! _s & ! fle%1 ( fai? & exp]i5ce1 ( ,god & ! _w1 is c]ta9ly n an accompli%$ fact4 ,on ! contr>y1 dualism is always mak+ appeals :i* /rike home to our pres5t exp]i5ce4 ,?us if ! ,*ur* 0 to ma9ta9 ! unity ( all ?+s1 x c\ld only be by lay+ great /ress ^u ! ravages :i* s9 _h wr\ght1 & ^u ! gradualness ( ! ,_s's me?od 9 recov]y4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t1 = example1 pres5t$ a mo/ unspiritual appe>ance4 ,its mat]ial sacrifices1 its l[ /&>d ( morals1 its worldl9ess1 7 con/antly be+ object$ to by ! ,gno/ic & ,mani*aean sects1 :o c\ld n tol]ate ! ,old ,te/am5t canon4 ',b y are ignor+1' ! ,*ur* repli$1 '! gradualness ( ! ,_s's me?od4' ,he lifts man by little & little1 ,he condesc5ds to man's infirmity3 ,he puts up ) him z he is1 if only ,he c at ! la/ br+ him back to ,god4 ,x is ( ! ess5ce ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z ! religion ( ! ,inc>nation1 to be f9al & ca?olic3 on ! o!r h&1 x is ( ! ess5ce ( ! ,old ,te/am5t to be imp]fect because x repres5ts a gradual process ( education by :i* man 0 lift$ out ( dep?s ( s9 & ignorance4 ,t ?is is ! case1 & t 9 consequ5ce ! ju/ification ( ! ,old ,te/am5t me?od lies n 9 itself at any p>ticul> /age1 b 9 its result tak5 z a :ole1 is a ?\ght v famili> to mod]n ,*ri/ians#bgi4 ,b x is important to make pla9 t x 0 a ?\ght equally famili> to ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,?us ,s4 ,gregory ( ,nazianzus1 speak+ ( ,god's deal+s ) ! ,jews ( old1 describes h[1 9 ord] to ga9 ! co-op]ation ( man's good w 9 work+ = 8 recov]y1 ,he dealt 'aft] ! mann] ( a s*oolma/] or a physician1 & :ile curtail+ "p ( _! ance/ral cu/oms1 tol]at$ ! re/1 mak+ "s concession to _! ta/es1 j z physicians make _! m$ic9es palatable t !y may be tak5 by _! pati5ts4 ,= m5 d n easily ab&on :at long cu/om has consecrat$4 ,?us ! fir/ law1 :ile x aboli%$ _! idols1 tol]at$ _! sacrifices2 ! second1 :ile x aboli%$ _! sacrifices1 all[$ !m to be circumcis$3 !n :5 once !y _h accept$ ! removal ( :at 0 tak5 f !m1 !y w5t fur!r & gave up :at _h be5 conc$$ to !m--9 ! fir/ case _! sacrifices1 9 ! second _! practice ( circumcision--& !y became in/ead ( hea!ns1 ,jews1 in/ead ( ,jews1 ,*ri/ians1 be+ betray$ z x 7 by gradual *anges into acceptance ( ! ,gospel#bhj4' ,aga91 ,s4 ,*ryso/om expla9s h[ x is ! v m]it ( ! ,old ,te/am5t t x has taught u to ?9k ?+s intol]able1 :i* "u x 7 tol]at$4 ',d n ask1' he says1 'h[ ^! 7,old ,te/am5t precepts7 c be good1 n[ :5 ! ne$ = !m is pa/3 ask h[ !y 7 good :5 ! p]iod requir$ !m4 ,or r1 if y wi%1 d inquire into _! m]it ev5 n[4 ,x is /ill conspicu\s1 & lies 9 no?+ s mu* z :at n[ enables u to f9d fault ) !m4 ,_! highe/ praise is t we n[ see !m to be defective4 ,if !y _h n tra9$ u well1 s t we became susceptible ( high] ?+s1 we %\ld n h n[ se5 _! defici5cy4' ,!n he %ews h[ "u ! old law swe>+ by ! true ,god 0 all[$ to avoid swe>+ by idols1 ! worse ill4 ',b is n swe>+ at all ( ! evil "o8' he asks4 ',und\bt$ly1 n[1 aft] ?is long c\rse ( tra9+1 b !n n4 ,& h[ c ! same ?+ be good at "o "t & bad at ano!r8 ,i ask r1 h[ %\ld x n be s1 :5 we h reg>d to ! pla9 tea*+ ( ! fact ( gr[? 9 all ?+s1 fruits ( ! e>? or acquirem5ts ( man8 ,look at man's own nature2 ! food1 ! occupations :i* suit 8 infancy1 are repulsive to 8 manhood4 ,or consid] facts ( hi/ory4 ,all agree t murd] is an inv5tion ( ,satan1 yet ?is v act at a suitable "t made ,ph9eas to be hon\r$ ) ! high prie/hood4 ,ph9eas' murd] 0 reckon$ to him = righte\sness4 ,j 9 ! same way ,abraham obta9$ an ev5 high] hon\r = be+ n a murd]] only b :at 0 mu* worse1 a *ild-murd]]4 ,we mu/ n !n look at ! facts 9 !mselves only1 b inve/igate ) att5tion ! p]iod also1 ! cause1 ! motive1 ! diff]5ce ( p]sons1 & all ! att5dant circum/ances3 s only c "o get at ! tru?#bha4' ,once m ,s4 ,basil3 ',surely x is absolutely infantile & wor?y ( a *ild :o mu/ be really f$ on milk1 to be ignorant ( ! great my/]y ( our salvation--t j z we receiv$ our e>lie/ in/ruction1 s1 9 ex]cis+ unto godl9ess & go+ on unto p]fection1 we 7 fir/ tra9$ by lessons easy to appreh5d & suit$ to our intellig5ce4 ,he ,:o regulates our lives deals ) u z ^? :o h be5 re>$ 9 d>kness1 & gradually accu/oms our eyes to ! light ( tru?4 ,= ,he sp>es our weakness1 & 9 ! dep? ( ! ri*es ( ,8 wisdom & ! unse>*able judgm5ts ( ,8 und]/&+ adopts ?is g5tle treatm5t1 s well adapt$ to our ne$s1 accu/om+ u fir/ to see ! %ad[ ( objects1 & to look at ! sun's reflection 9 wat]1 s t we may n be sudd5ly bl9d$ by ! exposure to ! pure light4 ,by p>ity ( reason+1 ! law be+ a %ad[ ( ?+s to come1 & ! typical tea*+ ( ! prophets1 :i* is ! tru? d>kly1 h be5 devis$ z ex]cises = ! eyes ( ! he>t1 inasmu* z x w be easy = u to pass f ^! to wisdom hidd5 9 my/]y#bhb4' ,9 ! same _s 0 ! ,*ur*'s answ] to ! difficulties :i* facts ( p]sonal exp]i5ce 7 con/antly putt+ 9 ! way ( h] claims4 ,*ur*m5 7 frequ5tly se5 to be vulg>1 ignorant1 imp]fect1 s9ful4 ,if1 9 spite ( manifold evils exi/+ )9 h]1 ! ,*ur* c\ld /ill appeal to h] fruits1 x mu/ be by comp>ison ) :at 0 to be f\nd else:]e1 or by tak+ 9 a l>ge area = comp>ison1 or by appeal+ to h] special gr\nds ( hope4 ,9 fact1 :at %e repres5t$ 0 a hope1 n a realization2 a t5d5cy1 n a result2 a life 9 process1 n a rip5$ fruit4 ,b !n %e claim$ t ?is 0 ,god's way4 ',he loves u n z we are1 b z we are becom+#bhc4' ,let b a man once lay hold ( ! life-giv+ pr9ciple ( fai?1 & ,god sets a value on him1 life has a promise = him1 altoge!r out ( proportion to pres5t atta9m5ts4 ,= ,god e/imates him1 9 view ( all ! =ces ( a new life :i* are set loose to "w ^u him1 & he c assure himself t ! movem5t ( recov]y :i* he has begun to feel /irr+ )9 him w c>ry him on ?r\gh et]nal ages1 beyond :at he c ask or ?9k4 ,x is because ( ?is gradualness ( ! ,_s's me?od t x lays s great a /ra9 on human pati5ce4 ,! spiritually-m9d$ ( all ages h t5d$ to f9d ! visible ,*ur* a v tr\bl$ & imp]fect home4 ,mo/ />tl+ disclosures ( ! actual /ate ( ecclesia/ical disord] & moral collapse1 may be ga!r$ out ( ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs4 ,?us to f\nd a 'pure ,*ur*' has be5 ! in/9ct ( impati5t zeal s9ce ,t]tullian's day4 ,b ! in/9ct has to be re/ra9$1 ! visible ,*ur* has to be borne )1 because x is ! ,_s's purpose to provide a home = ! tra9+ & improvem5t ( ! imp]fect4 ',let bo? gr[ toge!r unto ! h>ve/4' ',a bruis$ re$ w ,he n break1 & smok+ flax w ,he n qu5*4' ,! ,*ur* mu/ h h] t]ms ( communion1 moral & intellectual3 ?is is ess5tial to keep h] fundam5tal pr9ciples intact1 & to prev5t h] betray+ h] secret spr+s ( /r5g? & recov]y4 ,b %ort ( ?is necessity %e is tol]ant4 ,x is h] note to be tol]ant1 morally & !ologically4 ,%e is ! "m1 n ! magi/rate4 ,no d\bt h] balanc$ duty is "o difficult to fulfil4 ,at times %e has be5 puritanical1 at o!rs morally lax2 at times doctr9ally lax1 at o!rs rigid4 ,b h[ev] well or ill %e has fulfill$ ! obligations laid on h]1 ?is is h] ideal4 ,%e is ! gu>dian1 ! depository ( a great gift1 a mighty pres5ce1 :i* 9 its ess5ce is un*ang+ & p]fect1 b is realiz$ v imp]fectly 9 h] exp]i5ce & manife/$ life4 ,?is is :at ,s4 ,?omas ,aqu9as means :5 he says 't to believe 9 ! ,*ur* is only possible if we mean by x to believe 9 ! ,_s vivify+ ! ,*ur*#bhd4' ,! true self ( ! ,*ur* is ! ,holy ,_s1 b a great deal 9 ! ,*ur* at any date does n belong to h] true self1 & is obscur+ ! ,_s's m9d4 ,?us ! treasure is 9 e>!n vessels1 x is sometimes a light hid "u a bu%el2 & ! ,*ur* is ! probation ( fai?1 z well z its enc\ragem5t4 ,x w n be out ( place to conclude ?is review ( ! ,_s's me?od 9 ! ,*ur* by call+ att5tion to ! emphasis :i*1 f ! fir/1 ,*ri/ians laid ^u ! fact t ! animat+ pr9ciple bo? ( _! individual lives & ( _! society z a :ole1 0 no?+ less ?an ! ,holy ,_s ,himself4 ,to "k ,him 0 7z aga9/ all ! philosophical s*ools1 & 9 a s5se 9 :i* ! same c\ld n be said ev5 ( ! ,div9e ,^w7 _! peculi> privilege1 to possess ,him _! summ>y *>act]i/ic4 ,"u ! old cov5ant1 & 9 all ! v>i\s av5ues ( approa* to ! ,*ur*1 m5 c\ld be ! subjects ( ! ,_s's guidance & c\ld be receiv+ gifts f ,him2 b ! 'initiat$' ,*ri/ian1 baptiz$ & confirm$1 possess$ n m]ely ,8 gifts b ,himself4 ,he is 9 ! ,*ur*1 z ! ',vic> ( ,*ri/1' 9 ,^: pres5ce ,*ri/ ,himself is ) !m4 ,he is ! consecrator ( e sacram5t1 & ! sub/ance ( ,8 own sacram5tal gifts4 ,! s]vices ( orda9$ m5 inde$ are requir$ = ! adm9i/ration ( sacram5ts1 b z m9i/]s simply ( a ,p[] high] ?an !mselves1 ( a ,p]sonal ,_s ,:o inde$ is invok$ by _! m9i/ry1 & pl$ges ,himself to respond to _! invocations1 b nev] subjects ,himself to _! p[]4 ,!re=e ! unwor?9ess ( ! m9i/] dim9i%es 9 no way ! efficacy ( ! sacram5t1 or ! reality ( ! gift giv51 because ! m9i/ry ( m5 nei!r creates ! gift nor adds to or dim9i%es its =ce4 ,he is ! giv] ( ! gift1 & ! gift ,he gives is ! same to all4 ,only ! meagr5ess ( human fai? & love re/ra9s ! l>g5ess ( ,8 b\nty & conditions ! ,?+ receiv$ by ! n>r[ness & v>iability ( ! faculty :i* receives x4 ,accord+ to our fai? is x done to u1 & :]e !re is no fai? & no love !re ! grace is equally1 9 ,s4 ,augu/9e's phrase1 pres5t & pr(itless#bhe4 ,,ii4 ,9 some?+ ( ?is way ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s--& x has seem$ bett] to let !m speak = u--tea* ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,:at !y tea* is gr\nd$ 9 "p on actual exp]i5ce1 9 "p on ! revelation ( ! be+ & action ( ,god made once = all 9 ! ,p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & record$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,on ?is m+l$ basis ( exp]i5ce & ,holy ,scripture !y pass$ back f ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,_s z ,he is op]ative 9 ! _w1 to ! ,!ology ( ,8 ,p]son4 ,!y pass$ back b sl[ly1 ) great hesitation1 ev5 unwill+ness4 ,no?+1 we may say1 0 fur!r remov$ f ! ,fa!rs ?an ! easy-go+ assumption t because we are ! subjects ( a revelation1 !re=e we are able to speculate ) tol]ably complete in=mation ab\t ! my/]ies :i* lie beyond exp]i5ce4 ,! tru? t 'we "k 9 "p1' we see '9 a glass d>kly1' 0 pr(\ndly impress$ ^u _! m9ds4 ,god manife/$ ,himself1 ,s4 ,gregory ( ,nazianzus tells1 9 su* a way z to escape ! nets ( our syllogisms1 & to %ew ,himself sup]ior to our logical di/9ctions4 ,if we expect to f9d our logic equal to express ,him1 we %ew only our mad presumption1 'we :o are n able ev5 to "k :at lies at our feet1 or to c\nt ! waves ( ! sea1 or ! drops ( ra91 or ! days ( ! _w1 mu* less to fa?om ! dep?s ( ,god1 & give acc\nt ( ,8 nature :i* transc5ds alike our reason & our p[] ( expression#bhf4' ,besides ?is1 ! e>ly !ologians realiz$ ! obligation ( keep+ to ,holy ,scripture--( n be+ wise 'above t :i* is writt5'--& !y 7 consci\s ( ! dang] ( build+ on isolat$ texts ( ,scripture or ( treat+ its 'simple & unte*nical' language z if x 0 ! language ( a =mal treatise#bhg4 ,= ^! reasons !y 7 cauti\s 9 !ological speculation4 ,yet ! facts & relation%ips introduc$ into ! _w ( exp]i5ce by ! revelation ( ! ,son repres5t et]nal realities1 if "u great limitations yet /ill truly1 & ?us make possible a real security up to a c]ta9 po9t on :at lies beyond ! unassi/$ human k4 ,?us1 fir/1 :5 ! ,arian movem5t pass$ f ! d5ial ( ! true ,godhead ( ,*ri/ to a simil> position ) ref]5ce to ! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* felt itself fully ju/ifi$ alike by its pa/ traditions#bhh1 & by its ,scriptures1 9 emphasiz+ ! p]sonal di/9ctness & ! true ,godhead ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,unless all ,*ri/'s language 0 an illusion1 ! ,holy ,_s 0 really p]sonal & really di/9ct f ,himself & ! ,fa!r2 nor c\ld ,"o :o 0 associat$ ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,son 9 all ! ess5tially ,div9e op]ations ( nature & grace1 be less ?an truly & really ,god1 an ess5tial elem5t 9 ! ,et]nal ,be+4 ,! ,arian controv]sy 9 its e>li] /ages _h dispos$ ( ! notion t ,*ri/ian !ology c\ld at any co/ admit ! conception ( a creat$ p]sonality1 clo!d ) ,div9e attributes & ex]cis+ ,div9e functions4 ,secondly1 ! consid]ation t ! relations manife/$ 9 ! ,inc>nation 9 t]ms ( our exp]i5ce betwe5 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,son1 & ! ,holy ,gho/1 express transc5d5t & et]nal relations1 l$ ! ,*ur* to speak ( ! ,holy ,gho/ z proce$+ f ! ,fa!r1 z ! unique f\nt ( ,godhead1 ?r\gh ! ,son3 or 9 some:at less nicely discrim9at$ language 'f ! ,fa!r & ! ,son#bhi4' ,9 ! fif? c5tury !re is a t5d5cy to use 9 ! ,ea/ ! =m]1 9 ! ,we/ ! latt] mode ( expression1 b )\t any ess5tial diff]5ce4 ,nor c x be said t ! causes :i* 7 at "w lat] to divide ! ,ea/]n & ! ,we/]n ,*ur*es on ! subject ( ! procession ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 7 s mu* really !ological z ecclesia/ical & political4 ,?irdly1 ! accurate consid]ation ( ! language 9 :i* is express$ ! relation ( ,*ri/ to ! ,holy ,_s1 help$ ! ,*ur* to gu>d ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity f ! associations ( ,tri!ism4 ,= ! com+ ( ! ,holy ,_s is cle>ly spok5 ( 9 ,holy ,scripture z co9cid5t ) & involv+ ! com+ ( ,*ri/4 ',:ile we are illum9at$ by ! ,holy ,_s1 x is ,*ri/ :o illum9ates u3 :5 we dr9k 9 ! ,_s1 x is ,*ri/ we dr9k4' ,! ,_s is di/9ct f ,*ri/--'ano!r ,p>aclete'--yet 9 ,8 com+1 ,*ri/ comes3 9 ,8 indwell+ is ! indwell+ ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son#bij4 ,h[ c ?is be8 ,because ! ',p]sons' ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity are n to be ?\ght ( z di/9ct individuals1 z ?ree ,gods4 ,no d\bt 9 our ord9>y language1 p]sons are und]/ood to be sep>ate1 & mutually exclusive be+s4 ,ev5 9 reg>d to ourselves deep] reflection %ews u t our p]sonalities are v f> f be+ z sep>ate z !y appe> to be on ! surface3 & ) reg>d to ,god1 x 0 only ) an express$ apology = ! imp]fection ( human language t ! ,*ur* spoke ( ! ,div9e ,?ree1 z ,?ree ,p]sons at all4 ,b 'we h no cele/ial language1' & ! ^w is ! only "o :i* w express :at ,*ri/'s language implies ab\t ,himself1 ! ,fa!r1 & ! ,_s4 ,only :ile we use x1 x mu/ be und]/ood to express mutual inclusion1 n mutual exclusion4 ,:]ev] ! ,fa!r works1 ,he works ess5tially & inevitably ?r\gh ! ,son & ! ,_s2 :5ev] ! ,son acts1 ,he acts f ! ,fa!r by ! ,holy ,_s2 :5ev] ! ,holy ,_s comes1 ,he br+s ) ,him 9 ,8 com+ ! ,son & ! ,fa!r4 ,?us :5 an image 0 necess>y to int]pret 9 "p ! ,div9e relation%ips1 ! ,fa!rs s\ght x n[h]e s mu* z 9 ! ?ree di/9ct yet insep>able elem5ts ( man's spiritual nature2 ! triune "* ( :i* ,plato _h already br\ght into notice1 & :i* is 9 fact an e>?ly image1 h[ev] inadequate1 ( ! ,triune ,god#bia4 ,,iii4 ,hi!rto no?+ has be5 said ab\t t "p ( ! ,holy ,_s's "w :i* is call$ ! inspiration ( ,scripture4 ,x has be5 kept to ! la/ because ( ! great importance ( putt+ x 9 context ) less famili> tru?s4 ,! ,scriptures h1 x is a commonplace to say1 suff]$ greatly f be+ isolat$4 ,?is is z true :e!r we are consid]+ !m z a s\rce ( evid5ce or z ! sph]e ( inspiration4 ,z a s\rce ( evid5ce !y conta9 ! record ( hi/orical facts ) "s ( :i* at any rate ! ,cre$ ( ,*ri/5dom is insep>ably int]wov54 ,?us x is impossible = ,*ri/ians :o "k :at !y are ab\t1 to depreciate ! importance ( ! hi/orical evid5ce = ^? facts at lea/ ( :i* ! ,cre$ conta9s a summ>y4 ,b ! t5d5cy ) books ( hi/orical evid5ce has be51 at lea/ till rec5tly1 to exagg]ate ! ext5t to :i* ! m]e evid5ce ( remote facts c compel belief4 ,:at we %\ld make ( ! ,new ,te/am5t record1 :at e/imate we %\ld be able to =m ( ! ,p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/ & ! mean+ ( ,8 life & "w1 if x 0 conta9$ simply 9 "s old manuscripts1 or une>!d 9 "s way by antiqu>ies out ( ! ,syrian s&1 x is impossible to say4 ,9 ord] to h gr\nds = believ+ ! facts1 9 ord] to be susceptible ( _! evid5ce1 we require an antec$5t /ate ( conception & expectation4 ,a :ole set ( presuppositions ab\t ,god1 ab\t ! slav]y ( s91 ab\t ! reasonabl5ess ( r$emption1 mu/ be pres5t ) u4 ,s only c ! facts pres5t$ to u 9 ! ,gospel come to u z cr$ible ?+s1 or z p>ts ( an intelligible univ]se1 correlat$ elem5ts 9 a rational :ole4 ,n[ ! "w ( ! ,_s 9 ! ,*ur* has be5 to keep alive & real ^! presuppositions1 ?is frame ( m9d4 ,he conv9ces ( s91 ( righte\sness1 ( judgm5t4 ,he does ?is n m]ely 9 isolat$ individuals h[ev] num]\s1 b 9 an organiz$ cont9u\s society4 ,! spiritual life ( ! ,*ur* assures me t 9 desir+ union ) ,god1 9 feel+ ! burd5 ( s91 9 hung]+ = r$emption1 ,i am n do+ an ecc5tric1 abnormal ?+4 ,i am do+ only :at belongs to ! be/ & ri*e/ movem5t ( humanity4 ,m ?an ?is1 x assures me t ass5t to ! claims & promises ( ,jesus ,*ri/ satisfies ^! spiritual ne$s 9 su* a way z to produce ! /ronge/1 ! mo/ la/+1 ! mo/ ca?olic sort ( human "*4 ,! hi/orical life ( ! ,*ur* ?us 9 e age 'sett+ to its seal' t ,god's (f] 9 ,*ri/ is true1 reproduces ! orig9al 'witness1' comm5ds x to consci5ce & reason1 spans ! gulf ( ! ages1 & br+s d[n remote & ali5 incid5ts into close & intelligible famili>ity4 ,lotze speaks ( revelation z 'ei!r conta9$ 9 "s div9e act ( hi/oric occurr5ce1 or cont9ually repeat$ 9 m5's he>ts#bib4' ,b 9 fact ! anti!sis is n an alt]native4 ,! /r5g? ( ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$ is t x is bo?4 ,x is a revelation cont9u\sly r5ew$ 9 m5's he>ts by an organiz$ & sy/ematic op]ation ( ! ,_s 9 ! ,*ur*1 :ile at ! same "t x f9ds its gu>antee & security 9 c]ta9 ,div9e acts ( hi/oric occurr5ce4 ,once m1 ! belief 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures z inspir$ requires to be held 9 context by ! belief 9 ! g5]al action ( ! ,holy ,_s ^u ! ,*ri/ian society & ! individual s\l4 ,x is1 we may p]haps say1 becom+ m & m difficult to believe 9 ! ,bible )\t believ+ 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,apo/les1 inde$1--& ! ,new ,te/am5t canon consi/s l>gely ( ! words ( ,apo/les--h an au?ority :i*1 reasonably consid]$1 is unique1 & /&s by itself z t ( ! accr$it$ witnesses ( ,*ri/2 b :5 we f9d !m appeal+ to memb]s ( ! ,*ur*1 !y appeal n z ! possessors ( an absolute au?ority or ( a ,_s 9 :i* o!rs d n %>e4 ,!y are ! m9i/]s ( a 'tradition' to :i* !y !mselves are subject1 a tradition 'once = all deliv]$#bic3' !y appeal to ^? :o he> !m z m5 ':o h an unction f ! ,holy ,"o & "k all ?+s4' ,! tone 9 fact ( ! apo/olic writ]s =ces u to reg>d ! _s 9 :i* ! ,*ur* lives1 z co-op]at+ )1 & 9 a real s5se limit+1 ! _s 9 :i* !y !mselves speak & write4 ,?us 9 fact ! apo/olic writ+s 7 writt5 z occasion requir$1 )9 ! ,*ur*1 & = ! ,*ur*4 ,!y presuppose memb]%ip 9 x & famili>ity ) its tradition4 ,!y are second>y1 n prim>y1 in/ructors2 = edification1 n = initiation4 ,nor1 9 fact1 c a h>d & fa/ l9e be drawn betwe5 :at lies )9 & :at lies )\t ! canon4 ,= example1 ,prote/antism ( an unecclesia/ical sort has built ^u ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews z mu* z ^u any book ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is book is ( unkn[n au?or%ip4 ,if ',paul9e' x is pretty c]ta9ty n ,s4 ,paul's4 ,9 l>ge "p x is ! judgm5t ( ! ,*ur* :i* enables u to draw a l9e betwe5 x & ,s4 ,clem5t's 'scripture4' ,! l9e inde$ our own judgm5t approves4 ,! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews & ,s4 ,clem5t's lett] are closely l9k$ toge!r1 b ! latt] dep5ds on ! =m]3 x is second>y & ! o!r is prim>y4 ,yet h[ n>r[ is ! hi/orical int]val betwe5 !m4 ,h[ impossible to te> ! "o f ! o!r4 ,h[ seem+ly irrational to attribute absolute au?ority to ! anonym\s ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews :i* repres5ts apo/olic tea*+ at second h&#bid1 & !n to int]pret x 9 a s5se ho/ile to ! ,epi/le ( ,clem5t1 :i* repres5ts exactly ! same /ream ( apo/olic tea*+ only "o %ort /age l[] d[n4 ,= ,clem5t int]prets ! high prie/hood ( ,*ri/ 9 a s5se :i*1 in/ead ( exclud+1 makes x ! basis (1 ! m9i/]ial hi]>*y ( ! ,*ur*4 ,or to put ! matt] m broadly1 h[ irrational x is1 consid]+ ! intimate l9ks by :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t canon is b\nd up ) ! hi/oric ,*ur*1 n to accept ! m9d ( ! ,*ur*1 especially :5 we h its cons5t d[n indep5d5t l9es ( tradition1 z int]pret+ ! m9d ( ! apo/olic writ]s4 ,mo/ rational surely is ! attitude ( ! e>ly ,*ur* t[>ds ,scripture4 ,! ,scripture 0 reg>d$ z ! highe/ utt]ance ( ! ,_s1 ! unique & con/ant te/ ( ! ,*ur*'s life & tea*+4 ,b ! ,_s 9 ! ,*ur* int]pret$ ! mean+ ( ,scripture4 ,?us ! ,*ur* taught & ! ,scripture te/$ & v]ifi$ or correct$ h] tea*+3 & ?is because all 0 ( "o piece1 ! life ( ! ,*ur* includ+ ! ,scriptures1 ! inspir$ writ]s !mselves appeal+ to ! ,_s 9 ! ,*ur*es#bie4 ,& n[1 :at is to be said ab\t ?is1 at pres5t1 mu* controv]t$ subject ( ! inspiration ( ,holy ,scripture8 ,:at does ! doctr9e imply1 & :at attitude does belief 9 x involve t[>ds ! mod]n critical treatm5t ( ! inspir$ lit]ature8 #a4 ,let u be> c>efully 9 m9d ! place :i* ! doctr9e holds 9 ! build+ up ( a ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,x is 9 fact an important "p ( ! sup]/ructure1 b x is n among ! bases ( ! ,*ri/ian belief4 ,! ,*ri/ian cre$ ass]ts ! reality ( c]ta9 hi/orical facts4 ,to ^! facts1 9 ! ,*ur*'s "n1 we claim ass5t3 b we d s on gr\nds :i*1 s f>1 are q indep5d5t ( ! inspiration ( ! evangelic records4 ,all t we claim to %ew at ?is /age is t !y are hi/orical3 n hi/orical s z to be absolutely )\t error1 b hi/orical 9 ! g5]al s5se1 s z to be tru/wor?y4 ,all t is necess>y = fai? 9 ,*ri/ is to be f\nd 9 ! moral dispositions :i* pr$ispose to belief1 & make intelligible & cr$ible ! ?+ to be believ$3 c\pl$ ) su* acceptance ( ! g5]ally hi/orical "* ( ! ,gospels1 & ( ! tru/wor?9ess ( ! o!r apo/olic docum5ts1 z ju/ifies belief t our ,"l 0 actually born ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 manife/$ z ! ,son ( ,god ') p[] accord+ to a _s ( hol9ess1' crucifi$1 rais$ aga9 ! ?ird day f ! dead1 exalt$ to ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,*ur* & ! s\rce to x ( ! in=m+ ,_s4 ,9 all ?is no claim is made = any special belief z to ! me?od ( ! ,_s's "w 9 ! ,scripture or 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,logically su* belief foll[s1 does n prec$e1 belief 9 ,*ri/4 ,inde$1 9 ! pa/1 ,*ri/ian apologi/s h made a great mi/ake 9 all[+ oppon5ts to advance z objections aga9/ ! hi/orical "* ( ! ,gospel n>rative1 :at are really objections n aga9/ its hi/orical "*--n su* z c\ld tell aga9/ ! sub/antially hi/orical "* ( secul> docum5ts--b aga9/ a c]ta9 view ( ! mean+ ( inspiration4 ,let x be laid d[n !n t ,*ri/ianity br+s ) x inde$ a doctr9e ( ! inspiration ( ,holy ,scriptures1 b is n bas$ ^u x#bif4 #b4 ,b su* a doctr9e x does br+ ) x4 ,our ,"l & ,8 ,apo/les are cle>ly f\nd to believe & to tea* t ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 giv5 by inspiration ( ,god2 & ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* f ! e>lie/ days po/ulat$ ! same belief ab\t ! ,scriptures ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,to disbelieve t '! ,scriptures 7 spok5 by ! ,holy ,gho/1' 0 equival5t to be+ 'an unbeliev]#big4' ,?us1 :5 once a man f9ds himself a believ] 9 ,*ri/1 he w f9d himself 9 a position :]e alike ! au?ority ( 8 ,ma/] & ! 'communis s5sus' ( ! society he belongs to1 give into 8 h& c]ta9 docum5ts & decl>e !m inspir$4 #c4 ,:at 9 its g5]al idea does ?is mean8 ,s4 ,a?anasius expresses ! function ( ! ,jews 9 ! _w 9 a lum9\s phrase1 :5 he describes !m z hav+ be5 ! 'sacr$ s*ool = all ! _w ( ! k ( ,god & ( ! spiritual life#bih4' ,e race has its special vocation1 & we recognise 9 ! great writ]s ( ea* race ! int]pret]s ( t vocation4 ,!y are specially gift$ individuals1 b n m]ely individuals4 ,! race speaks 9 !m3 ,rome is int]pret$ by ,virgil1 & ,greece by ,aes*ylus or ,plato4 ,n[ e believ] 9 ,god mu/ see 9 ^! special missions ( races1 a ,div9e inspiration4 ,if we c once get d[n to ! bottom ( human life1 bel[ its pride1 its wilfulness1 its pret5ti\sness1 d[n to its ess5ce1 we get to ,god & to a movem5t ( ,8 ,_s#bii4 ,?us e race has its inspiration & its prophets4 ,b ! inspiration ( ! ,jews 0 sup]natural4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,t ! ,jews 7 select$--n to be ! s*ool = humanity 9 any ( ! arts & sci5ces :i* involve ! ?\ght ( ,god only indirectly1 & c !re=e be c>ri$ on )\t a fundam5tal re/oration ( man into t relation to ,god :i* s9 _h cl\d$ or brok51--b to be ! s*ool ( t fundam5tal re/oration itself4 ,!re=e1 9 ! case ( ! ,jews ! inspiration is bo? 9 itself m direct & m int5se1 & also involves a direct consci\sness on ! "p ( its subjects4 ,9 ! race1 inde$1 ! consci\sness might be dim2 b ! consci\sness1 z ! prophets all assure u1 did belong to ! race1 & n m]ely to its individual int]pret]s4 ,!y speak z recall+ ! p to some?+ :i* !y "k1 or ought to "k1 n z prea*]s ( a new religion4 ,!y 7 '! consci5ce ( ! /ate#cjj4' ,b special m51 prophets1 psalmi/s1 morali/s1 hi/orians1 7 ?us ! inspir$ int]pret]s ( ! ,div9e message to & 9 ! race3 & _! inspiration lies 9 ?is1 t !y 7 ! subjects ( a movem5t ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 s %ap+1 controll+1 quick5+ _! m9ds & ?\ghts & aspirations1 z to make !m ! in/rum5ts ?r\gh :i* 0 imp>t$ '! k ( ,god & ( ! spiritual life4' ,v>i\s are ! degrees ( ?is inspiration3 ! inspiration ( ! prophet is direct1 cont9u\s1 absorb+4 ,! inspiration ( ! writ] ( ,ecclesia/es1 on ! o!r h&1 is su* z to lead him to pond] on all ! phases ( a worldly exp]i5ce1 pass+ ?r\gh _m a false conclusion1 & cynical d5ial1 till at ! la/ 8 ?\ght is l$ to unite itself to ! great /ream ( ,div9e movem5t by f9d+ ! only possible solution ( ! problems ( life 9 ! recognition ( ,god1 & 9 ob$i5ce to ,him4 ,v>i\s also are ! sorts ( lit]ature inspir$3 = ! sup]natural f]tilizes & does n annihilate ! natural4 ,! ,*ur* repudiat$ ! ,montani/ conception ( inspiration1 accord+ to :i* ! inspir$ man speaks 9 ec/asy1 z ! passive unconsci\s in/rum5t ( ! ,_s2 & ! metaphors :i* w\ld describe ! ,holy ,_s z act+ ^u a man 'l a flute play] brea?+ into 8 flute1' or 'a plectrum /rik+ a lyre1' h always a suspicion ( h]esy atta*+ to _! use#cja4 ,z ! humanity ( ,*ri/ is none ! less a true humanity = be+ condition$ by absolute on5ess ) ,god1 s ! human activity is none ! less free1 consci\s1 rational1 because ! ,_s inspires x4 ,! poet is a poet1 ! philosoph] a philosoph]1 ! hi/orian an hi/orian1 ea* ) 8 own idiosyncrasies1 ways1 & me?ods1 to be int]pret$ ea* by ! laws ( 8 own lit]ature4 ,& j z truly z physiology1 9 tell+ u m & m ab\t ! human body1 is tell+ u ab\t ! body :i* ! ,son ( ,god assum$1 s ) ! gr[? ( our k ab\t ! k9ds & sequ5ces ( human lit]ature1 %all we "k m & m ab\t ! lit]ature ( ! ,jews :i* ! ,holy ,_s inspir$4 ,:at !n is meant by ! inspiration ( ,holy ,scripture8 ,if we beg9 our inquiry ) ! acc\nt ( creation ) :i* ! ,bible op5s1 we may take note ( its aff9ities 9 g5]al sub/ance ) ! ,babylonian & ,pho5ician cosmogonies2 b we are mu* m /ruck ) its diff]5ces1 & x is 9 ^! we %all look = its inspiration4 ,we obs]ve t x has = its motive & impulse n ! satisfaction ( a fanta/ic curiosity1 or ! lat] int]e/ ( sci5tific discov]y1 b to reveal c]ta9 fundam5tal religi\s pr9ciples3 t ev]y?+ z we see x 0 made by ,god3 t x has no be+ 9 itself b at ,god's w3 on ! o!r h&1 t ev]y?+ is 9 its ess5ce good1 z ! product ( ! good ,god3 t man1 besides %>+ ! physical nature ( all creation1 has a special relation to ,god1 z made 9 ,god's image1 to be ,god's vice-g]5t3 t s91 & all t s9 br+s ) x ( mis]y & dea?1 came n ( man's nature b ( 8 disob$i5ce to ,god & rejection ( ! limitations "u :i* ,he put him3 t 9 spite ( all t s9 br\ght ab\t1 ,god has n left man to himself1 t !re is a hope & a promise4 ,^! are ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( true religion & progressive morality1 & 9 ^! lies ! sup]natural inspiration ( ! ,bible acc\nt ( creation#cjb4 ,z we pass on d[n ! record ( ,g5esis1 we d n f9d ourselves 9 any d\bt z to ! prim>y & c]ta9 mean+ ( its inspiration4 ,! fir/ traditions ( ! race are all giv5 !re f a special po9t ( view4 ,9 t po9t ( view lies ! inspiration4 ,x is t ev]y?+ is pres5t$ to u z illu/rat+ ,god's deal+s ) man--,god's judgm5t on s93 ,8 call ( a s+le man to "w out a univ]sal mission3 ,8 gradual delimitation ( a *os5 race3 ,8 c>e = ! race3 ,8 ov]-rul+ ( evil to "w out ,8 purpose4 ,! n>rative ( ,g5esis has all ! fulle/ weal? ( human int]e/1 b x is 9 ! unveil+ ( ! h& ( ,god t its special *>act]i/ic lies4 ,z we g on into ! hi/ory1 we f9d ! record]s act+ l ! record]s ( o!r nations1 collect+1 sort+1 adapt+1 comb9+ _! mat]ials1 b 9 ?is inspir$--t ! animat+ motive ( _! "w is n to br+ out ! national glory or to flatt] ! national vanity1 nor1 l ! motive ( a mod]n hi/orian1 ! m]e int]e/ 9 fact1 b to keep be=e ! *os5 p ! record ( h[ ,god has dealt ) !m4 ,?is1 z we p]ceive1 gives !m a special s5se ( ! value ( fact#cjc4 ,!y record :at ,god has done1 h[ ,god did 9 su* & su* ways take action on behalf ( ,8 peculi> p1 deliv]+ !m1 puni%+ !m1 tea*+ !m1 keep+ !m1 discipl9+ !m = high] ends4 ,& none :o h eyes to see ,god's spiritual purposes c d\bt t ^? hi/orians read aright ! *ronicles ( ! k+s ( ,israel4 ,! spiritual significance :i* !y see is ! true significance4 ,god's special purpose 0 on ,israel4 ,x is n necess>y to emphasize 9 :at consi/s ! special inspiration ( psalmi/s or ( prophets4 ,! psalmi/s take "s ( ! highe/ places among ! poets ( all nations1 b ! poetic faculty is direct$ to "o great end1 to reveal ! s\l 9 its relation to ,god1 9 its exultations & 9 its self-abasem5ts4 ',:]e 444 did !y come f1 ^? pi]c+ lightn+-l gleams ( /range spiritual tru?1 ^? magnific5t out-looks ^u ! k+dom ( ,god1 ^? raptures at ,8 pres5ce & ,8 glory1 ^? wond]ful disclosures ( self-k1 ^? pure out-p\r+s ( ! love ( ,god8 ,surely "h is some?+ m ?an ! m]e work+ ( ! m9d ( man4 ,surely 444 !y repeat ! :isp]s ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 !y reflect ! v light ( ! ,et]nal ,wisdom#cjd4' ,9 ! case ( prophets once m we get ! mo/ obvi\s & typical in/ances ( inspiration#cje4 ,! prophets make a direct claim to be ! in/rum5ts ( ! ,div9e ,_s4 ,n t ! ,div9e ,_s sup]s$es _! human faculties1 b ,he int5sifies !m4 ,!y see deep] "u ! surface ( life :at ,god is do+1 & !re=e fur!r into ! future :at ,he w d4 ,no d\bt _! pr$ictive k is g5]al1 x is ( ! issue to :i* ?+s t5d4 ,x is n at lea/ usually a k '( times & ( seasons :i* ! ,fa!r ha? put 9 ,8 own p[]4' ,?us at times !y =e%ort5 ! di/ance1 & place ! great deliv]ance & ! 'day ( ,jehovah' 9 ! too imm$iate =egr\nd#cjf4 ,! prophetic inspiration is ?us consi/5t ) errone\s anticipations z to ! circum/ances & ! opportunity ( ,god's self-revelation1 j z ! apo/olic inspiration admitt$ ( ,s4 ,paul expect+ ! second com+ ( ,*ri/ )9 8 own life-"t4 ,b ! prophets claim to be directly & really inspir$ to tea* & int]pret :at ,god is do+ & comm&+ 9 _! own age1 & to =eca/ :at 9 judgm5t & r$emptive m]cy ,god means to d & mu/ d 9 ! ,div9e ev5t4 ,! figure ( ! k+ ,messiah dawns ^u _! horizon ) increas+ def9it5ess ( outl9e & *>act]i/ic1 & we1 ) ! exp]i5ce ( hi/ory betwe5 u & !m1 are sure t ! correspond5ce ( prophecy & fulfilm5t c be due to no o!r cause ?an t !y spoke 9 fact ! '^w ( ! ,"l4' ,?us !re is built up = u 9 ! lit]ature ( a nation1 m>k$ by an unp>allel$ unity ( purpose & "*1 a spiritual fabric1 :i* 9 its result we _c b recognise z ! action ( ! ,div9e ,_s4 ,a k ( ,god & ( ! spiritual life gradually appe>s1 n z ! product ( human +5uity1 b z ! result ( ,div9e communication3 & ! outcome ( ?is communication is to produce an organic :ole :i* po/ulates a climax n yet rea*$1 a r$emption n yet giv51 a hope n yet satisfi$4 ,9 ?is g5]al s5se at lea/ no ,*ri/ian ought to feel a difficulty 9 believ+1 & believ+ ) joy1 9 ! inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t3 nor c he feel t he is left )\t a /&>d by :i* to judge :at x means4 ,*ri/1 ! goal ( ,old ,te/am5t developm5t1 /&s =? z ! te/ & measure ( its inspiration4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t consi/s ( writ+s ( ,apo/les or ( m5 ( sub-apo/olic rank1 l ,s4 ,luke & probably ! au?or ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews4 ,!re is n1 except p]haps 9 ! case ( ! ,apocalypse1 any sign ( an inspiration to write1 o!r ?an ! inspiration :i* gave p[] to tea*4 ,:at !n is1 :e!r = writ+ or = tea*+1 ! inspiration ( an ,apo/le8 ,if ,jesus ,*ri/ bo? 01 & knew ,himself to be1 ! ,reveal] ( ! ,fa!r1 x almo/ /&s to reason t ,he mu/ h secur$ t ,8 revelation %\ld be1 )\t mat]ial alloy1 communicat$ to ! ,*ur* :i* 0 to en%r9e & p]petuate x4 ,?us1 9 fact1 we f9d t ,he sp5t ,8 *ief pa9s on ! tra9+ ( ,8 apo/olic witnesses4 ,& all ! tra9+ :i* ,he gave !m :ile ,he 0 pres5t among !m 0 only to prep>e !m to receive ! ,holy ,gho/ ,:o1 aft] ,he 0 gone1 0 to be p\r$ out ^u !m to qualify !m to be> ,8 witness among m54 ',ye %all receive p[]1 :5 ! ,holy ,gho/ is come ^u y1 & ye %all be ,my witnesses3' ',^! ?+s h ,i spok5 unto y :ile yet abid+ ) y4 ,& ! ,com=t]1 ev5 ! ,holy ,gho/1 ,:om ! ,fa!r w s5d 9 ,my "n1 ,he %all tea* y all ?+s1 & br+ to y\r remembrance all t ,i said unto y4' ',i h yet _m ?+s to say unto y1 b ye _c be> !m n[4 ,h[beit :5 ,he1 ! ,_s ( tru?1 is come1 ,he w guide y into all ! tru?#cjg4' ,?us ! ,*ur* sees 9 ! ,apo/les m5 specially & delib]ately qualifi$ to int]pret ,*ri/ to ! _w4 ,x und]/&s by _! inspiration an end[m5t :i* enables m5 ( all ages to take _! tea*+ z repres5t+1 & n misrepres5t+1 ,8 tea*+ & ,himself4 ,9 ,s4 ,john's ,gospel1 = example1 we h an acc\nt ( our ,"l :i* has obvi\sly pass$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( a mo/ rem>kable p]sonality4 ,we h ! outcome ( ! m$itation1 z well z ! recollection1 ( ! ,apo/le4 ,b1 z ! evid5ce assures u t ! ,gospel is really ,s4 ,john's1 s ! ,*ur* unhesitat+ly accepts ,s4 ,john's /rong & repeat$ assev]ation t he is int]pret+ & n di/ort+ ! record1 ! p]sonality1 ! claims ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ',he be>s record1 & 8 record is true#cjh4' ,?is assurance is inde$ n )\t v]ification3 x is v]ifi$ by ! unity ( te/imony :i*1 "u all diff]5ces ( "* & circum/ance1 we f9d among ! apo/olic witnesses4 ,! accept$ doctr9e ( ! ,*ur* :5 ,s4 ,paul wrote 8 'und\bt$ ,epi/les1'--! po9ts ( agreem5t amid/ all diff]5ces betwe5 him & ! ,judaiz]s--gives u sub/antially ! same conception ( ! ,p]son ( ! ,inc>nate ,son ( ,god z we f9d 9 ,s4 ,john#cji4 ,! same conception ( :at ,he 01 is requir$ to int]pret ! record ( :at ,he did & said 9 ! ,synoptic ,gospels4 ,fur!r1 ! witness ( ! ,apo/les1 ?\gh x receives its f9al gu>antee ?r\gh ! belief 9 _! inspiration1 has its natural basis 9 ! prolong$ tra9+ by :i*--'company+ ) !m all ! "t t ,he w5t 9 & out among !m1 beg9n+ f ! baptism ( ,john1 until ! day t ,he 0 receiv$ up1'--!y 7 prep>$ to be ,8 witnesses4 ,?us if an act ( fai? is ask$ ( u 9 ! apo/olic inspiration1 x is a reasonable act ( fai?4 ,if we pass f ! writ+s prop]ly apo/olic to ^? l ,s4 ,luke's records1 :i* repres5t apo/olic tea*+ at second h&1 we d n f9d t ! inspiration ( _! writ]s 0 ( su* sort z enabl$ !m to disp5se ) ! ord9>y means or gu>antees ( accuracy4 ,! simple claim ( ,s4 ,luke's preface to h _h ! be/ means ( in=mation & to h tak5 ! greate/ c>e 9 ! use ( !m1 is on ?is score mo/ in/ructive4 ,we %\ld suppose t _! inspiration 0 "p ( ! :ole spiritual end[m5t ( _! life :i* made !m ! tru/$ fri5ds ( ! ,apo/les1 & qualifi$ !m to be ! *os5 in/rum5ts to record _! tea*+1 9 ! mid/ ( a ,*ur* ^: quick & eag] memory ( '! tradition' w\ld h act$ z a *eck to prev5t any mat]ial error creep+ into ! record4 #d4 ,x w be rememb]$ t :5 inspiration is spok5 ( by ,s4 ,paul1 he m5tions x z a positive end[m5t :i* qualifies ! writ+s ( ^? :o 7 its subjects1 to be p]man5t s\rces ( spiritual in/ruction4 ',e ,scripture inspir$ ( ,god is also pr(itable = tea*+1 = repro(1 = correction1 = in/ruction :i* is 9 righte\sness#caj4' ,foll[+ out ?is idea ( ,holy ,scripture !n1 we are l$ to ?9k ( ! belief 9 inspiration z hav+ ?is prim>y practical result3 t we submit ourselves to ! tea*+ ( e book :i* is giv5 to u z inspir$4 ,we are to put ourselves to s*ool ) ea* 9 turn ( ! inspir$ writ]s2 ) ,s4 ,james1 = example1 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z well z ) ,s4 ,john & ,s4 ,paul2 ) ,s4 ,luke z well z ) ,s4 ,mat!w2 ) ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les z well z ) ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians#caa4 ,at />t+ ea* ( u1 accord+ to 8 pr$isposition1 is consci\s ( lik+ "s books ( ,scripture bett] ?an o!rs4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 %\ld lead u to recognise t 9 "s way we specially ne$ ! tea*+ :i* is less attractive to u4 ,we %\ld set ourselves to /udy :at we l less1 till t too has _h its prop] effect 9 m\ld+ our consci5ce & "*4 ,x is h>dly possible to e/imate h[ mu* division w\ld h be5 avoid$ 9 ! ,*ur* if ^?1 = example1 :o 7 mo/ ecclesia/ically dispos$ _h be5 at pa9s to assimilate ! tea*+ ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 & ^? :o mo/ valu$ '! fre$om ( ! ,gospel' _h recognis$ a special obligation to deep5 _! hold on ! ,epi/les to ! ,cor9?ians & ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les & ! ,epi/le ( ,s4 ,james4 ,to believe 9 ! inspiration ( ,holy ,scripture is to put ourselves to s*ool ) e "p ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 z ( ! ,new4 ,true1 ! ,old ,te/am5t is imp]fect1 b = t v reason has a special value4 ',! real use ( ! e>li] record is n to add some?+ to ! ?+s reveal$ 9 ,*ri/1 b to give u t cle> & all-sid$ insight into ! mean+ & practical wor? ( ! p]fect s*eme ( ,div9e grace :i* c only be atta9$ by trac+ its gr[?#cab4' ,we see 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ! elem5ts1 ea* 9 sep>ation1 :i* w5t to make up ! p]fect :ole1 & :i* mu/ /ill lie at ! basis ( all rightly =m$ life ( individuals & societies4 ,?us to believe1 = in/ance1 9 ! inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t =ces u to recognise a real elem5t ( ! ,div9e education 9 ! imprecatory ,psalms4 ,!y are n ! utt]ances ( selfi% spite#cac3 !y are ! claim :i* righte\s ,israel makes ^u ,god t ,he %\ld v9dicate ,himself1 & let _! eyes see h[ 'righte\sness turns aga9 unto judgm5t4' ,! claim is made 9 a =m :i* belongs to an e>ly /age ( spiritual education2 to a "t :5 ?is life 0 reg>d$ z ! sc5e 9 :i* ,god mu/ f9ally v9dicate ,himself1 & :5 ! l>ge p[]s & possibilities ( ! ,div9e compassion 7 v imp]fectly recognis$4 ,b beh9d ^! limitations1 :i* *>act]ize ! great] "p ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! claim ( ^! ,psalms /ill rema9s a necess>y "p ( ! claim ( ! ,*ri/ian s\l4 ,we mu/ n only recognise ! reality ( ,div9e judgm5ts 9 "t & et]nity1 bodily & spiritual2 we mu/ n only acquiesce 9 !m because !y are ,god's2 we mu/ g on to claim ( ,god ! manife/ation ( ,8 j judgm5t1 s t hol9ess & joy1 s9 & failure1 %all be se5 to co9cide4 ,to recognise !n ! inspiration ( ! ,bible is to put ourselves to s*ool 9 e "p ( x1 & ev]y:]e to be> 9 m9d ! admonition ( ! ,de ,imitatione 't e ,scripture mu/ be read 9 ! same _s 9 :i* x 0 writt54' ,s f> x w n be a po9t 9 dispute among ,*ri/ians :at inspiration means1 or :at its purpose is4 ',! ,c\ncils ( ,tr5t & ! ,vatican1' writes ,c>d9al ,newman1 'tell u di/9ctly ! object & ! promise ( ,scriptural inspiration4 ,!y specify fai? & moral conduct z ! drift ( t tea*+ :i* has ! gu>antee ( inspiration#cad4' ,nor c x be d5i$ t ! m ,holy ,scripture is read f ?is po9t ( view1 ! m confid5tly x is treat$ z ! inspir$ guide ( fai? & conduct1 no less 9 ! types ( "* :i* x sets be=e u ?an 9 its direct in/ruction1 ! m ! exp]i5ce & appreciation ( its inspiration gr[s ^u u1 s t to d5y or to d\bt x comes to mean to d5y or to d\bt a matt] pla9 to ! s5ses4 ,inde$ :at has be5 said "u ?is head w probably appe> to ^? practis$ 9 ! spiritual use ( ,holy ,scripture z an und]/atem5t1 p]haps n easy to ju/ify1 ( ! s5se 9 :i* ! ,scripture is ! ,^w ( ,god1 & ! spiritual food ( ! s\l#cae4 #e4 ,b "h c]ta9 important que/ions arise4 7a7 ,! revelation ( ,god 0 made 9 a hi/orical process4 ,its record is 9 l>ge "p ! record ( a national life3 x is hi/orical4 ,n[ ! inspiration ( ! record] lies1 z we h se51 prim>ily 9 ?is1 t he sees ! h& ( ,god 9 ! hi/ory & int]prets ,8 purpose4 ,fur!r1 we mu/ add1 8 s5se ( ! work+ ( ,god 9 hi/ory1 increases 8 realization ( ! importance ( hi/orical fact4 ,?us !re is a pr(\nd air ( hi/orical tru?fulness p]vad+ ! ,old ,te/am5t record f ,abraham d[nw>d4 ,! weaknesses1 ! s9s1 ( ,israel's h]oes are n sp>$4 ,_! s9 & its puni%m5t is always be=e u4 ,!re is no flatt]+ ( national pride1 no giv+ ! re9s to boa/fulness4 ,9 all ?is ! ,old ,te/am5t appe>s to be 9 m>k$ contra/1 z to contempor>y ,assyrian monum5ts1 s also to a good deal ( mu* lat] ecclesia/ical hi/ory4 ,b does ! inspiration ( ! record] gu>antee ! exact hi/orical tru? ( :at he records8 ,& 9 matt] ( fact c ! record1 ) due reg>d to legitimate hi/orical criticism1 be pron\nc$ true8 ,n[1 to ! latt] ( ^! two que/ions 7& !y are q di/9ct que/ions71 we may reply t !re is no?+ to prev5t our believ+1 z our fai? c]ta9ly /rongly disposes u to believe1 t ! record f ,abraham d[nw>d is 9 sub/ance 9 ! /rict s5se hi/orical4 ,( c\rse ! battle ( hi/orical tru? _c be f\ght on ! field ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 z x c on t ( ! ,new1 because x is s va/ & indecisive1 & because 7h[ev] c]ta9ly anci5t is su* a n>rative z t conta9$ 9 ,g5esis xiv47 v little ( ! e>ly record c be securely trac$ to a p]iod ne> ! ev5ts4 ,?us ! ,*ur* _c insi/ ^u ! hi/orical "* ( ! e>lie/ records ( ! anci5t ,*ur* 9 detail1 z %e c on ! hi/orical "* ( ! ,gospels or ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z x seems ! m probable op9ion t ! ,hebrews mu/ h be5 acqua9t$ ) ! art ( writ+ 9 "s =m long be=e ! ,exodus1 !re is no reason to d\bt ! exi/5ce ( "s writt5 records among !m f v e>ly days#caf4 ,int]nal evid5ce aga9 c]ta9ly comm5ds to our acceptance ! hi/ory ( ! patri>*s1 ( ! ,egyptian bondage1 ( ! great r$emption1 ( ! w&]+s1 z well z ( ! lat] p]iod z to :i* !re w\ld be less dispute4 ,9 a ^w we are1 we believe1 n wrong 9 anticipat+ t ! ,*ur* w cont9ue to believe & to tea* t ! ,old ,te/am5t f ,abraham d[nw>ds is really hi/orical1 & t !re w be no?+ to make su* belief & tea*+ unreasonable or wilful4 ,b )9 ! limits ( :at is sub/antially hi/orical1 !re is /ill room = an admixture ( :at1 ?\gh m>k$ by spiritual purpose1 is yet n /rictly hi/orical--= in/ance1 = a feature :i* *>act]izes all e>ly hi/ory1 ! attribution to fir/ f\nd]s ( :at is really ! remot] result ( _! in/itutions4 ,n[ hi/orical criticism#cag assures u t ?is process has be5 l>gely at "w 9 ! ,p5tateu*4 ,by an analysis1 = in/ance1 ! =ce ( :i* is v great1 x di/+ui%es di/9ct /ages 9 ! gr[? ( ! law ( wor%ip3 at lea/ an e>ly /age su* z is repres5t$ 9 '! ,book ( ! ,cov5ant#cah1' a second /age 9 ! ,book ( ,deut]onomy1 a la/ /age 9 '! ,prie/ly ,code4' ,:at we may suppose to h happ5$ is t ,moses himself e/abli%$ a c]ta9 g]m ( c]emonial enactm5t 9 connection ) ! ark & its sacr$ t5t1 & ) ! 't5 words'2 & t ?is develop$ always z '! law ( ,moses1' ! :ole result be+ con/antly attribut$1 probably unconsci\sly & c]ta9ly n f any int5tion to deceive1 to ! orig9al f\nd]4 ,?is view w\ld c]ta9ly imply t ! record]s ( ,israel's hi/ory 7 subject to ! ord9>y laws 9 ! e/imate ( evid5ce1 t _! inspiration did n consi/ 9 a miracul\s communication to !m ( facts z !y orig9ally happ5$3 b if we believe t ! law1 z x grew1 really did repres5t ! ,div9e int5tion = ! ,jews1 gradually work$ out ^u ! basis ( a ,mosaic in/itution1 !re is no?+ mat]ially untru?ful1 ?\gh !re is some?+ uncritical1 9 attribut+ ! :ole legislation to ,moses act+ "u ! ,div9e comm&4 ,x w\ld be only ( a piece ) ! attribution ( ! collection ( ,psalms to ,david & ( ,prov]bs to ,solomon4 ,nor does ! supposition t ! law 0 ( gradual gr[? int]f]e 9 any way ) ! symbolical & typical value ( its v>i\s ord9ances4 ,once aga91 ! same s*ool ( criticism w\ld assure u t ! ,books ( ,*ronicles repres5t a lat] & less hi/orical v]sion ( ,israel's hi/ory ?an t giv5 9 ,samuel & ,k+s#cai3 !y repres5t1 accord+ to ?is view1 ! v]sion ( t hi/ory :i* _h become curr5t 9 ! prie/ly s*ools4 ,:at we are ask$ to admit is n consci\s p]v]sion1 b unconsci\s idealiz+ ( hi/ory1 ! read+ back into pa/ records ( a ritual developm5t :i* 0 really lat]4 ,n[ inspiration excludes consci\s deception or pi\s fraud1 b x appe>s to be q consi/5t ) ?is sort ( idealiz+2 always suppos+ t ! result read back into ! e>li] hi/ory does repres5t ! real purpose ( ,god & only anticipates its realization4 ,"h !n is "o great "q4 ,inspiration c]ta9ly means ! illum9ation ( ! judgm5t ( ! record]4 ',by ! contact ( ! ,holy ,_s1' says ,orig51 '!y became cle>] 9 _! m5tal p]ceptions1 & _! s\ls 7 fill$ ) a bright] light#cbj4' ,b h we any reason to believe t x means1 ov] & above ?is1 ! miracul\s communication ( facts n o!rwise to be kn[n1 a miracul\s communication su* z w\ld make ! record] indep5d5t ( ! ord9>y processes ( hi/orical tradition8 ,c]ta9ly nei!r ,s4 ,luke's preface to 8 ,gospel1 nor ! evid5ce ( any inspir$ record1 ju/ifies u 9 ?is assumption4 ,nor w\ld x appe> t spiritual illum9ation1 ev5 9 ! highe/ degree1 has any t5d5cy to lift m5 out ( ! natural conditions ( k :i* belong to _! "t4 ,c]ta9ly 9 ! simil> case ( exegesis1 x w\ld appe> t ,s4 ,paul is left to ! me?od ( 8 "t1 ?\gh he uses x ) inspir$ insight into ! function & mean+ ( law & ( prophecy z a :ole4 ,?us1 )\t pron\nc+ an op9ion1 :]e we h no "r to d s1 on ! critical que/ions at pres5t "u discussion1 we may ma9ta9 ) consid]able assurance t !re is no?+ 9 ! doctr9e ( inspiration to prev5t our recognis+ a consid]able idealiz+ elem5t 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t hi/ory4 ,! reason is ( c\rse obvi\s en\gh :y :at c be admitt$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 c\ld n )\t results disa/r\s to ! ,*ri/ian ,cre$1 be admitt$ 9 ! ,new4 ,x is because ! ,old ,te/am5t is ! record ( h[ ,god produc$ a ne$1 or anticipation1 or ideal1 :ile ! ,new ,te/am5t records h[ 9 fact ,he satisfi$ x4 ,! absolute co9cid5ce ( idea & fact is vital 9 ! realization1 n 9 ! prep>ation = x4 ,x is equally obvi\s1 too1 t :]e fact is ( supreme importance1 z 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! evid5ce has none ( ! ambiguity or remot5ess :i* belongs to mu* ( ! record ( ! prep>ation4 7b7 ,b once aga92 we f9d all sorts ( lit]ature 9 ! inspir$ volume3 m5 c be inspir$ to ?9k & to write = ,god "u all ! =ms ( natural g5ius4 ,n[ "o =m ( g5ius is ! dramatic3 its ess5ce is to make *>act]s1 real or imag9>y1 ! vehicles = an ideal pres5tation4 ,x pres5ts embodi$ ideas4 ,n[ ! ,song ( ,solomon is ( ! nature ( a drama4 ,! ,book ( ,job1 al?\gh x works on an hi/orical basis1 is1 x c h>dly be d5i$1 ma9ly dramatic4 ,! ,book ( ,wisdom1 :i* ) u is among ! books ( ! ,bible1 ?\gh 9 ! second rank outside ! canon1 & :i* is inside ! canon ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 pr(esses to be writt5 by ,solomon#cba1 b is c]ta9ly writt5 n by him1 b 9 8 p]son by ano!r au?or4 ,we may !n conceive ! same to be true ( ,ecclesia/es1 & ( ,deut]onomy2 i4e4 we may suppose ,deut]onomy to be a republication ( ! law '9 ! _s & p[]' ( ,moses put dramatically into 8 m\?4 ,criticism goes fur!r1 & asks u to reg>d ,jonah & ,daniel1 among ! prophetic books1 z dramatic compositions work$ up on a basis ( hi/ory4 ,! discussion ( ^! books has (t5 be5 approa*$ f a po9t ( view f :i* ! miracul\s is necess>ily unhi/orical4 ,) su* a po9t ( view we are n conc]n$4 ,! possibility & reality ( miracles has to be v9dicat$ fir/ ( all 9 ! field ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & "o :o admits !m !re1 _c reasonably exclude _! possibility 9 ! e>li] hi/ory4 ,! "q mu/ be treat$ simply on lit]>y & evid5tial gr\nds#cbb4 ,b we w\ld cont5d t if criticism %\ld %ew ^! books to be probably dramatic1 t w\ld be no h9drance to _! p]=m+ 'an important canonical function1' or to _! be+ inspir$4 ,dramatic composition has play$ an imm5se "p 9 tra9+ ! human m9d4 ,x is z f> remov$ z possible f a violation ( tru?1 ?\gh 9 an uncritical age its results may v soon pass = hi/ory4 ,x admits ( be+ inspir$ z mu* z poetry1 or hi/ory1 & inde$ !re are few :o c\ld feel a difficulty 9 recognis+ z inspir$ ! tea*+ ( ! books ( ,jonah & ,daniel#cbc4 ,x is ma9ta9$ !n t ! ,*ur* leaves op5 to lit]>y criticism ! "q :e!r sev]al ( ! writ+s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t are or are n dramatic4 ,c]ta9ly ! fact t !y h n commonly be5 tak5 to be s 9 ! pa/ w be no evid5ce to ! contr>y1 unless x c be d5i$ t a lit]>y criticism is be+ develop$1 :i* is z really new an intellectual product z ! sci5tific developm5t1 & z su*1 c]ta9 to rev]se a good _m ( ! lit]>y judgm5ts ( previ\s ages4 ,we are be+ ask$ to make consid]able *anges 9 our lit]>y conception ( ! ,scriptures1 b n great] *anges ?an 7 involv$ 9 ! acceptance ( ! helioc5tric a/ronomy4 7c7 ,once aga93 an enl>g$ /udy ( comp>ative hi/ory has l$ to our p]ceiv+ t ! v>i\s sorts ( m5tal or lit]>y activity develop 9 _! diff]5t l9es out ( an e>li] condition 9 :i* !y lie fus$ & undiff]5tiat$4 ,?is we c vaguely call ! my?ical /age ( m5tal evolution4 ,a my? is n a falsehood2 x is a product ( m5tal activity1 z in/ructive & ri* z any lat] product1 b its *>act]i/ic is t x is n yet di/+ui%$ into hi/ory1 & poetry1 & philosophy4 ,x is all ( ^! 9 ! g]m1 z dream & imag9ation1 & ?\ght & exp]i5ce1 are fus$ 9 ! m5tal furniture ( a *ild's m9d4 ',^! my?s or curr5t /ories1' says ,grote writ+ ( ,greek hi/ory1 '! spontane\s & e>lie/ gr[? ( ! ,greek m9d1 con/itut$ at ! same "t ! entire intellectual /ock ( ! age to :i* !y belong$4 ,!y are ! common root ( all ^? diff]5t ramifications into :i* ! m5tal activity ( ! ,greeks subsequ5tly div]g$2 conta9+ z x 7 ! preface & g]m ( ! positive hi/ory & philosophy1 ! dogmatic !ology & ! pr(ess$ romance1 :i* we %all h]eaft] trace1 ea* 9 its sep>ate developm5t4' ,n[ has ! ,jewi% hi/ory su* e>li] /age3 does x pass back out ( hi/ory into my?8 ,9 p>ticul>1 are n its e>li] n>ratives1 be=e ! call ( ,abraham1 ( ! nature ( my?1 9 :i* we _c di/+ui% ! hi/orical g]m1 ?\gh we d n at all d5y t x exi/s8 ,! inspiration ( ^! n>ratives is z conspicu\s z t ( any "p ( ,scripture1 b is !re any?+ to prev5t our reg>d+ ^! great inspirations ab\t ! orig9 ( all ?+s1--! nature ( s91 ! judgm5t ( ,god on s91 & ! ali5ation among m5 :i* foll[s _! ali5ation f ,god1--z convey$ to u 9 t =m ( my? or allegorical picture1 :i* is ! e>lie/ mode 9 :i* ! m9d ( man appreh5d$ tru?8 #f4 ,9 spite ( ! arbitr>9ess & ! irreligion :i* h (t5 be5 associat$ ) ! mod]n developm5t ( hi/orical criticism 9 its application to ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ! pres5t writ] believes t x repres5ts none ! less a real advance 9 lit]>y analysis1 & is rea*+ results z sure1 :]e x is fairly us$1 z sci5tific inquiry1 ?\gh ! results 9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r are (t5 h>d to dis5tangle f _! less p]man5t accompanim5ts4 ,believ+ ?is1 & feel+ 9 consequ5ce t ! w>n+ :i* ! "n ( ,galileo mu/ ev] br+ be=e ! memory ( *ur*m51 is n unne$$ n[1 he believes also t ! ,*ur* is 9 no way re/ra9$ f admitt+ ! modifications j h9t$ at1 9 :at has latt]ly be5 ! curr5t idea ( inspiration4 ,! ,*ur* is n re/ra9$1 9 ! fir/ place1 by hav+ committ$ h]self to any dogmatic def9itions ( ! mean+ ( inspiration#cbd4 ,x is rem>kable inde$ t ,orig5's almo/ reckless my/icism1 & 8 accompany+ repudiation ( ! hi/orical "* ( l>ge p>ts ( ! n>rative ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ( "s p>ts ( ! ,new#cbe1 ?\gh x did n ga9 acceptance1 & inde$ _h no "r to x 7= x _h no s\nd basis71 on ! o!r h& nev] r\s$ ! ,*ur* to contr>y def9itions4 ,nor is x only ,orig5 :o disput$ ! hi/orical "* ( p>ts ( ! n>rative ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,clem5t be=e him 9 ,alex&ria1 & ! m$iaeval ,anselm 9 ! ,we/1 treat ! sev5 days' creation z allegory & n hi/ory4 ,a?anasius speaks ( p>adise z a 'figure4' ,a m$iaeval ,greek writ]1 :o _h m ( ,ir5aeus ?an rema9s to u1 decl>$ t 'he did n "k h[ ^? :o kept to ! lett] & took ! acc\nt ( ! temptation hi/orically r ?an allegorically1 c\ld meet ! argum5ts ( ,ir5aeus aga9/ !m4' ,fur!r ?an ?is1 x _c be d5i$ t ! my/ical me?od1 z a :ole1 t5d$ to ! depreciation ( ! hi/orical s5se1 9 comp>ison ) ! spiritual tea*+ :i* x convey$#cbf4 ,9 a diff]5t l9e1 ,*ryso/om1 ( ! lit]al s*ool ( int]pret]s1 expla9s q 9 ! tone ( a mod]n apologi/1 h[ ! discrepancies 9 detail betwe5 ! diff]5t ,gospels1 assure u ( ! indep5d5ce ( ! witnesses1 & d n t\* ! facts ( importance1 9 :i* all agree4 ,! ,*ur* is n ti$ !n by any exi/+ def9itions4 ,we _c make any exact claim ^u any "o's belief 9 reg>d to inspiration1 simply because we h no au?oritative def9ition to br+ to be> ^u him4 ,^? ( u :o believe mo/ 9 ! inspiration ( ! ,*ur*1 w see a ,div9e ,provid5ce 9 ?is abs5ce ( dogma1 because we %all p]ceive t only n[ is ! /ate ( k su* z admits ( ! "q be+ legitimately rais$4 ,nor does x seem t ! use :i* our ,"l made ( ! ,old ,te/am5t is an argum5t aga9/ ! propos$ concessions4 ,our ,"l1 9 ,8 use ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 does inde$ endorse ) ! utmo/ emphasis ! ,jewi% view ( _! own hi/ory4 ,he does ?us imply1 on ! "o h&1 ! real inspiration ( _! canon 9 its complet5ess1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 t ,he ,himself 0 ! goal ( t inspir$ lead+ & ! /&>d ( t inspiration4 ',y\r fa!r ,abraham rejoic$ to see ,my day3' ',i am n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil4' ,?is1 & x is ! important matt] = all t conc]ns our spiritual education1 is n 9 dispute4 ,:at is que/ion$ is t our ,"l's words =eclose c]ta9 critical positions z to ! "* ( ,old ,te/am5t lit]ature4 ,= example1 does ,8 use ( ,jonah's resurrection1 z a type ( ,8 own1 dep5d 9 any real degree ^u :e!r x is hi/orical fact or allegory#cbg8 ,x is ( ! ess5ce ( a type to sugge/ an idea1 z ( ! antitype to realize x4 ,! n>rative ( ,jonah sugge/$ c]ta9ly ! idea ( resurrection aft] ?ree days1 ( triumph ov] dea?1 & by sugge/+ ?is gave our ,"l :at ,8 disc\rse requir$4 ,once m1 our ,"l uses ! "t be=e ! flood#cbh to illu/rate ! c>elessness ( m5 be=e ,8 own com+4 ,he is us+ ! flood "h z a typical judgm5t1 z else:]e ,he uses o!r contempor>y visitations = a l purpose4 ,9 ref]r+ to ! flood ,he c]ta9ly sugge/s t ,he is treat+ x z typical1 = ,he introduces circum/ances--'eat+ & dr9k+1 m>ry+ & giv+ 9 m>riage'--:i* h no c\nt]p>t 9 ! orig9al n>rative4 ,no?+ 9 ,8 use ( x dep5ds on its be+ m ?an a typical in/ance4 ,once m1 ,he argues ) ! ,ph>isees on ! assumption ( ! ,davidic au?or%ip ( ,psalm cx#cbi4 ,b x mu/ be notic$ t ,he is ask+ a "q r ?an mak+ a /atem5t--a "q1 moreov]1 :i* does n admit ( be+ turn$ into a /atem5t )\t sugge/+ ! conclusion1 ( :i* rationali/ic critics h n hesitat$ to avail !mselves1 t ,david's ,"l c\ld n be ,david's son4 ,!re are1 we notice1 o!r occasions :5 our ,"l ask$ que/ions :i* _c be made ! basis ( positive propositions#ccj4 ,x 0 9 fact "p ( ,8 me?od to lead m5 to exam9e _! own pr9ciples )\t at ! "t sugge/+ any positive conclusion at all4 ,x may also fairly be repres5t$1 on a review ( our ,"l's tea*+ z a :ole1 t if ,he _h int5d$ to convey in/ruction to u on critical & lit]>y que/ions1 ,he w\ld h made ,8 purpose pla9]4 ,x is contr>y to ,8 :ole me?od to reveal ,8 ,godhead by any anticipations ( natural k4 ,! ,inc>nation 0 a self-empty+ ( ,god to reveal ,himself "u conditions ( human nature & f ! human po9t ( view4 ,we are able to draw a di/9ction betwe5 :at ,he reveal$ & :at ,he us$4 ,he reveal$ ,god1 ,8 m9d1 ,8 "*1 ,8 claim1 )9 c]ta9 limits ,8 ,?reefold ,be+3 ,he reveal$ man1 8 s9fulness1 8 ne$1 8 capacity3 ,he reveal$ ,8 purpose ( r$emption1 & f\nd$ ,8 ,*ur* z a home 9 :i* man 0 to be ?r\gh all ! ages reconcil$ to ,god 9 k & love4 ,all ?is ,he reveal$1 b ?r\gh1 & "u conditions (1 a true human nature4 ,?us ,he us$ human nature1 its relation to ,god1 its conditions ( exp]i5ce1 its gr[? 9 k1 its limitation ( k#cca4 ,he feels z we m5 ought to feel3 he sees z we ought to see4 ,we c ?us di/+ui% m or less betwe5 ! ,div9e tru? :i* ,he reveals1 & ! human nature :i* ,he uses4 ,n[ :5 ,he speaks ( ! 'sun ris+' ,he is us+ ord9>y human k4 ,he will$ s to re/ra9 ! beams ( ,deity z to obs]ve ! limits ( ! sci5ce ( ,8 age1 & ,he puts ,himself 9 ! same relation to its hi/orical k4 ,?us ,he does n reveal ,8 et]nity by /atem5ts z to :at _h happ5$ 9 ! pa/1 or 0 to happ5 9 ! future1 outside ! k5 ( exi/+ hi/ory#ccb4 ,he made ,8 ,godhead gradually manife/ by ,8 attitude t[>ds m5 & ?+s ab\t ,him1 by ,8 moral & spiritual claims1 by ,8 express$ relation to ,8 ,fa!r1 n by any miracul\s exemptions ( ,himself f ! conditions ( natural k 9 its own prop] prov9ce4 ,?us ! utt]ances ( ,*ri/ ab\t ! ,old ,te/am5t d n seem to be ne>ly def9ite or cle> en\gh to all[ ( our suppos+ t 9 ?is case ,he is dep>t+ f ! g5]al me?od ( ! ,inc>nation1 by br++ to be> ! unveil$ omnisci5ce ( ! ,godhead1 to anticipate or =eclose a developm5t ( natural k4 ,b if we ?us plead t !ology may leave ! field op5 = free discussion ( ^! que/ions :i* ,biblical criticism has rec5tly be5 rais+1 we %all probably be bidd5 to 'rememb] ,tb+51' & n be ov]-tru/ful ( a criticism :i* at lea/ exhibits 9 "s ( its mo/ prom95t repres5tatives a great deal ( arbitr>9ess1 ( love ( 'new views' = _! own sake1 & a great lack ( t rev]5ce & spiritual insight :i* is at lea/ z mu* ne$$ = und]/&+ ! books ( ! ,bible1 z accurate k & fair inve/igation4 ,to ?is ! pres5t writ] w\ld be dispos$ to reply t1 if ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has be5 enabl$ to defeat ! critical attack1 s f> z x ?reat5$ de/ruction to ! hi/orical basis ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x has n be5 by =eclos+ ! "q ) an appeal to dogma1 b by fac+ 9 fair & frank discussion ! problems rais$4 ,a simil> treatm5t ( ,old ,te/am5t problems w enable u to di/+ui% betwe5 :at is reasonable & rev]5t1 & :at is high-h&$ & irreligi\s 9 contempor>y criticism :e!r ,g]man1 ,fr5*1 or ,engli%4 ,ev5 9 reg>d to :at makes prima facie a reasonable claim1 we d n prejudice ! decision by decl>+ ! field op53 9 all probability !re w always rema9 m ?an "o s*ool ( legitimate op9ion on ! subject3 inde$ ! purpose ( ! latt] "p ( ?is essay has n be5 to inquire h[ mu* we c )\t irrationality believe inspiration to involve2 b r1 h[ mu* may legitimately & )\t real loss be conc$$4 ,=1 )\t d\bt1 if consi/5tly ) entire loyalty to our ,"l & ,8 ,*ur*1 we c reg>d z op5 ! que/ions specifi$ above1 we are remov+ great ob/acles f ! pa? to belief ( _m :o c]ta9ly wi% to believe1 & d n exhibit any undue scepticism4 ,nor does !re appe> to be any real dang] t ! criticism ( ! ,old ,te/am5t w ultimately dim9i% our rev]5ce = x4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,new ,te/am5t c]ta9ly we are ju/ifi$ 9 feel+ t mod]n inve/igation has result$ 9 imm5sely augm5t+ our und]/&+ ( ! diff]5t books1 & has di/9ctly =tifi$ & enri*$ our s5se ( _! inspiration4 ,:y !n %\ld we hesitate to believe t ! simil> inve/igation ( ! ,old ,te/am5t w 9 its result simil>ly enri* our s5se t ',god 9 div]s portions & div]s mann]s spake ( old times unto ! fa!rs1' & t ! ,inspiration ( ,holy ,scriptures w always be recognis$ z ! mo/ conspicu\s ( ! modes 9 :i* ! ,holy ,_s has m]cifully wr\ght = ! illum9ation & enc\ragem5t ( our race8 ',= :atsoev] ?+s 7 writt5 a=etime 7 writt5 = our le>n+1 t we ?r\gh pati5ce & com=t ( ! ,scriptures might h hope4' #bdh ,cyprian1 ad ,donatum #c4 ,trans4 9 ,libr>y ( ! ,fa!rs1 iii4 p4 #c4 #bdi ,a?anasius1 de ,inc>natione1 #ca1 #dh-eb4 #bej ,see ,s4 ,basil's f9e def9ition ( ! t]m 9 8 treatise on ! ,holy ,_s1 ix4 #bb4 ,?is treatise has be5 translat$ by ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,lewis = ! ',religi\s ,tract ,society4' #bea ,see ,basil1 z above1 xvi4 #cg3 ',we mu/ n suppose because ! ,apo/le 7#a ,cor4 xii4 #d7 m5tions ! ,_s fir/1 & ! ,son second1 & ,god ! ,fa!r ?ird1 t ! ord] at ! pres5t day has be5 q rev]s$4 ,= he made 8 beg9n+ f our end ( ! relation3 = x is by receiv+ ! gifts1 t we come 9 contact ) ! ,di/ributor2 !n we come to consid] ! ,s5d]2 !n we c>ry back our ?\ght to ! ,f\nt & ,cause ( ! good ?+s4' ,cf4 xviii4 #dg3 ',! way ( ! k ( ,god is f "o ,_s1 by ! "o ,son1 to ! "o ,fa!r3 & rev]sely1 ! natural goodness ( ,god1 ,8 hol9ess ( nature1 ,8 royal rank tak+ _! rise f ! ,fa!r1 rea* ! ,_s ?\gh ! ,only-begott54' #beb ,ambrose1 de ,spiritu ,sancto1 i4 #ae1 #agb4 #bec ,s ,ir5aeus1 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 ,a?anasius1 ,basil1 ,didymus1 ,victor9us1 express ! relation ( ! ,div9e ,p]sons 9 ,creation4 #bed ,ps4 xxxiii4 #f2 ,g54 i4 #b2 ,ps4 civ4 #bi1 #cj4 #bee ,huet4 ,orig5iana1 ,l4 ii4 ,qu4 #b4 c4 xxvii4 ,cf4 ,a?an4 ,epp4 ad ,s]apion4 i4 #bc-ca2 iv4 #i-ab4 #bef ,g54 ii4 #g4 #beg ,a?an4 de ,inc>n4 xliii4 #c4 #beh ,a?an4 l4c4 xii4 #e1 xliii4 #d4 #bei ,ir54 c4 ,ha]4 iii4 #ag1 #a4 #bfj ,s4 ,m>k i4 #aj1 #ab4 ,s4 ,luke iv4 #a1 #ah2 x4 #ba4 ,s4 ,matt4 xii4 #bh4 ,heb4 ix4 #ad4 ,rom4 viii4 #aa4 7,^! two la/ passages at lea/ imply ! action ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! ,sacrifice & ,resurrection ( ,*ri/47 #bfa ,heb4 v4 #g-aj4 ,phil4 ii4 #h4 #bfb #a ,cor4 xv4 #de1 ',! la/ ,adam became a life-giv+ ,_s4' ,s4 ,john vi4 #fc1 ',_s & ,life4' #bfc ,ir54 iii4 #ah1 #a1 & frequ5tly else:]e4 #bfd ,ir54 iii4 #bd1 #a4 ,cf4 ,h4 ,c4 ,g4 ,m\le's ,v5i ,creator1 pp4 #ci-dj4 #bfe ,s4 ,john iii4 #d4 ,! int5tion ( ?is passage is to express n t ! ,_s is lawless 9 ,8 op]ations1 b t ,he is beyond our control4 #bff ,aug4 de ,spiritu et ,litt]a1 xxvii4 #dg1 ',grace is n ! negation ( nature1 b its re/oration4' #bfg ,raymund ( ,sabunde1 ,!ol4 ,nat4 tit4 #cjc4 #bfh ,basil1 de ,spiritu ,sancto ix4 #bc 7,lewis' translation74 ,cf4 ,newman's ,univ4 ,s]mons1 ',p]sonal ,influ5ce ! means ( propagat+ ! tru?4' #bfi ,cyril1 ,cate*4 xvi4 #ab4 ,! att5tion to ! diff]5ces ( individual "* is v noticeable 9 ,s4 ,basil's mona/ic rule3 see ! ,regulae fusius tractatae1 resp4 #ai1 & ! ,con/it4 ,mona/4 #d4 ,also 9 ! writ+s ( ,gregory ( ,nazianzus1 ,*ryso/om1 & ,gregory ! ,great on ! ,pa/oral ,(fice4 #bgj #a ,cor4 ii4 #ae4 #a ,s4 ,john ii4 #bj-bg4 #bga ,clem5t ,alex4 ,/rom4 v4 #ac4 #hh4 #bgb ,republic1 #dja ,d1 #djb ,a4 #bgc ,caird's ,hegel 7,blackwood's ,philosophical ,classics71 p4 #gb4 #bgd ,anselm1 ,proslog4 #d2 he adds1 ',s t ev5 if ,i 7 unwill+ to believe t ,?\ art1 ,i c\ld n cease to und]/& x4' ,b ! :ole relation ( au?ority & reason is mo/ completely grasp$ & /at$ by ,s4 ,augu/9e3 see ,cunn+ham1 ,s4 ,au/9 7,cambridge ,univ4 ,press1 #ahhf71 pp4 #i1 #aeg ff4 #bge ,dr4 ,salmon1 ,infallibility1 p4 #aae1 has a clev] comp>ison ( ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* to t ( ! t[n clock4 ,! value we assign to hav+ su* an au?oritative /&>d ( ! "r "t does n prev5t our recognis+ ! importance ( hav+ x regulat$4 ',& if we desir$ to remove an error :i* _h accumulat$ dur+ a long season ( neglect1 x w\ld be v unfair to repres5t u z wi%+ to sil5ce ! clock1 or else z wi%+ to all[ e t[nsman to get up & pu% ! h&s backw>ds & =w>ds z he pleas$4' #bgf ,b cf4 pp4 #aif-h1 #bbi-bcb1 #beh-bfj4 #bgg ,mann+1 ,temporal ,mission ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ?ird edit4 pp4 #i1 #bi1 #bch-bdj4 #bgh ,see1 = in/ance1 c4 ,ha]4 v4 #aj1 #b4 ',! wild olive does n *ange its sub/ance :5 x is graft$ 91 see ,rom4 xi4 #ag1 b only ! quality ( its fruit1 & takes a new "n1 no long] be+ call$ an olea/] b an olive2 s also man :5 he is by fai? graft$ 91 & receives ! ,_s ( ,god1 does n lose 8 fle%ly sub/ance1 b *anges ! quality ( ! works :i* are 8 fruits1 & takes ano!r "n indicat+ 8 improv$ condition1 & is no long] describ$ z fle% & blood1 b z a spiritual man4' ,s also v4 #f1 #a1 ':om ! apo/le calls spiritual because !y h ! ,_s1 n because !y h be5 robb$ ( ! fle% & become b>e _s4' ,x is ! recognition ( ?is pr9ciple t makes mo/ ( ! language ( ! ,fa!rs on fa/+ s heal?y & s5sible4 ,! end ( fa/+ is n to de/roy ! fle%1 b to free ! _s4 #bgi ,see especially ,mozley's ,lectures on ! ,old ,te/am5t1 x43 ',! end ! te/ ( progressive revelation4' #bhj ,greg4 ,naz4 ,orat4 xxxi4 #be4 ,_m ( ! greate/ ( ! anci5t ,*ri/ian writ]s depreciate ! sacrificial law z a m]e concession1 made to avoid worse ?+s1 :5 ! incid5t ( ! calf %ew$ t ! fir/ legislation ( ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts 0 too spiritual3 s ,j]ome 9 ,isai4 #a1 #ab1 ,9 ,j]4 vii4 #ba4 ,cf4 ,ju/91 ,trypho #ai4 ,*rys4 adv4 ,jud4 iv4 #f4 ,epiphan4 ,ha]4 lxvi4 #ga4 ,con/t4 ap4 i4 #f2 vi4 #bj4 ,?is me?od ( int]pretation is p]haps d]iv$ f ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas1 #b-d4 #bha ,*rys4 9 ,mat?4 ,homil4 xvii4 #e-f 7slightly abbreviat$74 ,cf4 ,libell4 ,fau/94 et ,m>cell94 9 ,bibl4 ,vet4 ,patrum4 tom4 v4 #feg d4 #bhb ,on ! ,holy ,_s1 xiv4 #cc 7,lewis' trans474 #bhc ,aug4 de ,tr94 i4 #aj1 #ba4 ,?is pr9ciple alone gives a basis = ! doctr9e ( 'imputation' s f> z x is true4 ,god deals ) u1 e4g4 9 absolution1 by anticipation ( :at is to come ab\t 9 u1 9 ,*ri/4 #bhd ,?om4 ,aq4 ,summa ,!ol4 p>s sec4 sec4 ,qu4 #a4 ,art4 ix4 #bhe ,! above p>agraph is a summ>y ( expressions con/antly met ) 9 ! ,fa!rs4 ,x is ,s4 ,ambrose :o prote/s aga9/ ! idea t ! prie/ c be spok5 ( z hav+ p[] ov] ! ,div9e ,?+s :i* he m9i/]s1 see ,de ,spiritu ,sancto1 praef4 #ah1 lib4 i4 #aa1 #aah3 'no/ra sunt s]vitia s$ tua sacram5ta4 ,neque enim humanae opis e/ div9a conf]re4' ,s4 ,augu/9e1 among o!rs1 draws ! di/9ction betwe5 gifts f ! ,_s & ! gift ( ,himself4 ,ep4 cxciv43 'alit] adiuvat nondum inhabitans1 alit] inhabitans3 nam nondum inhabitans adiuvat ut s9t fideles1 inhabitans adiuvat iam fideles4' ,didymus1 de ,spiritu ,sancto #ae1 calls att5tion to ! di/9ction 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t betwe5 7)\t ! article7 i4e4 'a spiritual gift1' & 1 i4e4 ! ,_s ,himself3 cf4 ,we/cott on ,s4 ,john vii4 #ci4 #bhf ,greg4 ,naz4 ,orat4 xxxi4 #h4 #bhg ,see ,a?an4 ,epp4 ad ,s]apion4 i4 #ag4 ,cyril ,hi]os4 ,cat4 xvi4 #bd4 ,ir54 v4 #ac1 #b4 ,basil1 de ,spiritu ,sancto1 iii4 #e4 #bhh ,! ,dict4 ( ,*r4 ,biog41 ,art4 ,,holy ,,gho/ 7by ,dr4 ,swete71 has an admirable summ>y ( ! !ology ( ! subject4 #bhi ,see ,godet on ,s4 ,john xv4 #bf1 #bg4 #bij ,a?an4 ,epp4 ad ,s]ap4 i4 #ai4 ,s4 ,john xiv4 #af1 #ah1 #bc4 #bia ,plato's human tr9ity is made up ( reason1 _s 1 & desire3 ,s4 ,augu/9e's ( memory 7i4e4 p]sonal id5tity71 reason1 & w2 or m9d1 k1 & love4 ,no?+ has be5 said 9 ! text ( ,patri/ic & m rec5t attempts to express ! function ( ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! inn] relations ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,"s ( ! ,fa!rs speak ( ! ,holy ,_s z complet+ ! circle ( ! ,div9e ,life1 or z '! return ( ,god ^u ,himself1' '! bond ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4' ,?is et]nal function w\ld int]pret ,8 temporal mission to br+ all creatures back into union ) ,god4 ,n v diff]5tly ,s4 ,augu/9e speaks ( ,him z ! ,love ( ! ,fa!r & ! ,son3 ',vides ,tr9itatem si c>itatem vides4 ,ecce tria sunt2 amans et quod amatur et amor4' ,& ?is ,love is itself p]sonal & coord9ate3 'commune aliquid e/ ,patris et ,filii2 at ipsa communio consub/antialis et coaet]na4' ,b 9 su* speculation !y all[ !mselves ) mu* res]ve & expression ( unwill+ness4 ,9 fact x is easy to see t an et]nally liv+ ,god1 kn[+ & lov+1 mu/ be a ,god ,^: ,be+ involves et]nal relation%ips4 ,k involves a relation ( subject & object3 to make love possible !re mu/ be a lov] & a lov$4 ,x is m difficult to see h[ a p]fect relation%ip mu/ be ?reefold2 b !re are true l9es ( ?\ght :i* lead up to ?is1 su*1 = in/ance1 z make u see fir/ 9 ! family1 ! type ( complete life4 ,love :i* is only a relation ( two1 is selfi% or unsatisfi$3 x dem&s an object & a product ( mutual love4 ,see especially ,ri*>d ( ,s4 ,victor1 de ,tr94 ,p>s i4 lib4 iii4 cc4 #ad1 #ae3 ',communio amoris non pote/ esse omn9o m9us quam 9 tribus p]sonis4 ,nihil autem 7ut dictum e/7 gloriosius1 nihil magnific5tius1 quam quicquid habes utile et dulce 9 commune d$uc]e3 444 hujusmodi dulc$9is delicias solus non possidet qui 9 exhibita sibi dilectione socium et condilectum non habet2 quamdiu condilectum non habet1 praecipui gaudii communione c>et4' ,see also ,s>torius1 ,doctr9e ( ,div9e ,love 7,cl>k's ,=eign ,!ol4 ,libr471 p4 #af4 #bib ,microcosmus1 ,b4 ix4 ,c4 iv4 7,e4 ,t4 vol4 ii4 p4 #ffj47 #bic ,see especially ,gal4 i4 #h1 #i4 #bid ,heb4 ii4 #c4 #bie ,see fur!r on ! fatal results ( sep>at+ ! ,_s's "w 9 ,scripture1 f ,8 "w 9 ! ,*ur*1 ,col]idge1 ,rema9s iii4 #ic1 iv4 #aah2 or quot$ by ,h>e1 ,mission ( ! ,com=t]1 ,note ,h4 vol4 ii4 pp4 #dfh1 #dgd4 #bif ,?is di/9ction 0 drawn by ,bi%op ,clif=d1 ,=tnightly ,review1 ,jan4 #ahhg1 p4 #ade4 #big ,cf4 ! quotation 9 ,eusebius1 ,h4 ,e4 v4 #bh4 #bih ,a?an4 de ,inc>n4 #ab4 ,cf4 ,ewald's preface to 8 ,hi/ory ( ,israel4 #bii ,see ,gratry1 ,h5ri ,p]reyve1 pp4 #afb1 #afc4 #cjj ,delitzs*1 ,o4,t4 ,hi/ory ( ,r$emption1 p4 #ajf4 ,cf4 ,pr(4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,prophets ( ,israel1 p4 #ajh4 #cja ,see ,epiphan4 ,ha]4 xlviii4 #d4 ,we/cott1 ,introd4 to ! ,/udy ( ! ,gospels1 ,app4 ,b1 sect4 ii4 #d1 sect4 iv4 #d4 ,mason1 ,fai? ( ! ,gospel1 p4 #bee4 #cjb ,see ,pr(essor ,driv]'s admirable article on '! cosmogony ( ,g5esis4' ,expositor1 ,jan4 #ahhf4 #cjc ,pr(essor ,*eyne1 speak+ ( su* n>ratives ( ,scriptures z ! record ( ,elijah1 prote/s aga9/ ! supposition t !y are 'true to fact4' ',true to fact6 ,:o goes to ! arti/ = h>d dry facts8 ,:y ev5 ! hi/orians ( antiquity ?\ght x no "p ( _! duty to give ! m]e prose ( life4 ,h[ mu* less c ! unconsci\s arti/s ( ! imag9ative ,ea/ h describ$ _! h]oes ) rel5tless photographic accuracy6' 7,! ,hall[+ ( ,criticism1 p4 #e47 ,b x seems to me t su* a passage1 by treat+ ! record]s ( ! ,old ,te/am5t z 'arti/s1' ignores _! obvi\s int5tion to lay /ress on :at ,god has actually done1 ! deliv]ances ,he has actually wr\ght4 ,!y1 at lea/1 l ! ,greek hi/orical 'arti/' ( ! defeat ( ,p]sia1 w\ld h laid great /ress on ! facts hav+ happ5$4 #cjd ,*ur*1 ,discipl9e ( ! ,*ri/ian ,"*1 p4 #eg4 ,?is "w seems to me ! be/ exi/+ answ] to ! "q1 9 :at does ! inspiration ( ! ,old ,te/am5t consi/4 #cje ,cf4 pp4 #afa-afg4 ,9 view ( criticisms x may be expla9$ t 9 ! acc\nt ( ! prophet giv5 above only t view ( 8 inspiration is tak5 into consid]ation :i* appeals fir/ to ! enquir] 7cf4 ! words 9 ! next p>agraph '9 ?is g5]al s5se at lea/'74 ,:5 once ?is prim>y assurance ( inspiration is ga9$ ! evid5ce ( detail$ prophecies w be f\nd cog5t4 ,z we comp>e ! anticipations ( ! ,messiah or ( ! ',righte\s ,s]vant' 9 su* passages z ,ps4 xxii41 ,is4 liii41 vii4 #ad1 or ix4 #f1 #g1 ) _! fulfilm5t 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 we recognise a special action ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 m>k+ ev5 9 details ! cont9uity ( ,8 me?od4 ,cf4 p4 #afg ref]r$ to above4 #cjf ,see = in/ance ,micah v4 #b-f4 ,on ! subject ( ! limitations ( prophetic =esight1 z on ! :ole subject ( prophecy1 let me ref] to ,dr4 ,ed4 ,riehm1 ,messianic ,prophecy 7,cl>k's trans47 pp4 #gi1 #hf ff41 #aad1 #aeg-afb4 #cjg ,acts i4 #h4 ,s4 ,john xiv4 #be1 #bf2 xvi4 #ab1 #ac4 #cjh ,s4 ,john xix4 #ce2 xxi4 #bd4 #a ,s4 ,john i4 #a-c4 #cji ,see ,pr(4 ,s&ay's ,:at ! fir/ ,*ri/ians ?\ght ab\t ,*ri/4 7,ox=d ,h\se ,pap]s3 ,riv+ton47 #caj #b ,tim4 iii4 #af4 #caa ,mr4 ,horton's book on ,inspiration & ! ,bible is almo/ naively lack+ 9 ?is quality ( imp>tial reg>d to inspir$ books4 #cab ,pr(4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,prophets ( ,israel1 p4 #f4 #cac ,cf4 ,pr(4 ,rob]tson ,smi?1 ,! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 ,lect4 vii4 p4 #bjg3 ',ano!r po9t 9 :i* criticism removes a s]i\s difficulty is ! int]pretation ( ! imprecatory psalms4' #cad ,see ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,feb4 #ahhd1 p4 #ahi4 #cae ',:5 f "t to "t1' says ,s4 ,b]n>d to 8 monks1 'any?+ t 0 hidd5 or obscure 9 ! ,scriptures has come out into ! light to any "o ( y1 at once ! voice ( exultation & ?ankfulness = ! n\ri%m5t ( spiritual food t has be5 receiv$1 mu/ rise z f a banquet to delight ! e>s ( ,god4' #caf ,see ! ,annual ,address 7#ahhi7 deliv]$ at ! ,victoria ,in/itute by ,pr(4 ,sayce1 on ! cunei=m tablets ( ,tel el-am>na1 pp4 #d1 #ad f43 ',we le>n t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury be=e our era--a c5tury be=e ! ,exodus--active lit]>y int]c\rse 0 go+ on ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w ( ,we/]n ,asia1 betwe5 ,babylonia & ,egypt & ! small] /ates ( ,pale/9e4444 ,?is int]c\rse 0 c>ri$ on by means ( ! ,babylonian language & ! complicat$ ,babylonian script4 ,h[ educat$ ! old _w 01 we are b j beg9n+ to le>n4 ,b we h already le>nt en\gh to discov] h[ important a be>+ x has on ! criticism ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4' #cag ,see ,driv]1 ,crit4 notes on ,sunday-,s*ool lessons 7,scribn]3 ,new ,york74 #cah ,ex4 xx4 xxii-xxiii4 xxxiii4 #cai ,! ,books ( ,k+s seem to be compil$ f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,deut]onomi/4 #cbj ,orig51 c4 ,cels4 vii4 #d4 #cba ,e4g4 *s4 vii4 ix4 ,! ,roman ,*ur* admits t x is1 to use ,newman's phrase1 'a prosopopeia'2 'our ,bibles say1 x is writt5 9 ! p]son ( ,solomon & x is unc]ta9 :o 0 ! writ]1' l4c4 p4 #aig4 ,x is important to be> 9 m9d t ! ,we/]n ,*ur* 9 g5]al has1 s9ce ,s4 ,augu/9e's day1 admitt$ into ! canon a book ! lit]>y me?od ( :i* is ?us confess$ly dramatic4 ,newman makes ?is ! gr\nd = say+ t ! same may be true ( ,ecclesia/es4 #cbb ,on ! evid5ce ( ,o4,t4 miracles ,i may ref] to ,mr4 ,samuel ,cox's ,essay3 ,miracles1 an ,argum5t & a ,*all5ge4 7,kegan ,paul1 #ahhd47 #cbc ,( c\rse ! di/9ction mu/ be ma9ta9$ 9 ! case ( ! book ( ,daniel betwe5 a 'pi\s fraud' :i* _c be inspir$1 & an idealiz+ p]sonification :i*1 z a normal type ( lit]ature1 c4 ,fur!r /udy w probably solve ! special difficulty :i* on ! critical hypo!sis atta*es to ! book ( ,daniel f ?is po9t ( view3 see ,/anton1 ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian ,messiah1 p4 #aji1 note #a4 #cbd ,?is is c]ta9ly true ( ! ,*ur* z a :ole4 ,= ! mo/ t c be said 9 ! same s5se ( ! ,roman ,*ur*1 see ,newman 9 ! article above cit$4 #cbe ,de ,pr9cipiis1 iv4 #ae1 #af1 #ag4 ,8 po9t is t incid5ts :i* c\ld n h occurr$ 9 fact1 or at lea/ did n occur1 are ins]t$ 9 ! n>rative ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 t _! v hi/orical impossibility or improbability may drive u to ! consid]ation ( _! spiritual significance4 ',! att5tive read] may notice 444 innum]able o!r passages1 l ^!1 s t he w be conv9c$ t 9 ! hi/ories t are lit]ally record$1 circum/ances are ins]t$ t did n occur4' ,cf4 ,bigg1 ,*ri/ian ,platoni/s1 pp4 #acg-h4 #cbf ,cf4 ,j]ome1 ad ,nepotian4 ep4 lii4 #b4 #cbg ,s4 ,matt4 xii4 #dj4 #cbh ,s4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #cg-ci4 #cbi ,s4 ,matt4 xxii4 #da-df4 #ccj ,see especially ,s4 ,m>k x4 #ag-ah 7& p>allel passages71 :]e our ,"l's "q1 if conv]t$ into a positive proposition1 sugge/s a repudiation ( p]sonal goodness4 ,cf4 also ! "q 9 ,s4 ,john x4 #cd-cf :]e1 ?\gh ! argum5t is a =tiori1 /ill ! true "* ( our ,"l's son%ip is h>dly sugge/$4 #cca ,?is limitation ( k mu/ n be confus$ ) fallibility or liability to human delusion1 because x 0 d\btless gu>d$ by ! ,div9e purpose :i* l$ ,jesus ,*ri/ to take x ^u ,himself4 #ccb ,( c\rse ,he gave prophetic indications ( ! com+ judgm5t1 b on ! analogy ( inspir$ prophecy4 ,he did n reveal 'times & seasons1' & decl>$ t x 0 n )9 ! scope ( ,8 mission to d s4 ,see esp4 ,s4 ,m>k xiii4 #cb4 ,he exhibits sup]natural insight into m5's *>act]s & lives4 ,b ,he nev] exhibits ! omnisci5ce ( b>e ,godhead 9 ! realm ( natural k2 su* z w\ld be requir$ to anticipate ! results ( mod]n sci5ce or criticism4 ,?is 'self-empty+' ( ,god 9 ! ,inc>nation is1 we mu/ always rememb]1 no failure ( p[]1 b a cont9u\s act ( ,self-sacrifice3 cf4 #b ,cor4 viii4 #i & ,phil4 ii4 #g4 ,inde$ ,god 'decl>es ,8 almighty p[] mo/ *iefly' 9 ?is condesc5sion1 :]eby ,he 'begg>$ ,himself' ( ,div9e pr]ogatives1 to put ,himself 9 our place4 ,,ix4 ,,! ,,*ur*4 ,,walt] ,,lock4 ,*ri/ianity claims to be at once a life1 a tru?1 & a wor%ip2 &1 on all ^! acc\nts1 x ne$s mu/ f9d expression 9 a *ur*4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! life ( an individual rema9s dw>f$ & /unt$ z long z x is liv$ 9 isolation2 x is 9 its orig9 ! outcome ( o!r lives2 x is at e mom5t ( its exi/5ce dep5d5t ^u o!rs2 x rea*es p]fection only :5 x arrives at a consci\s s5se ( its own defici5cies & limitations1 &1 !re=e1 ( its dep5d5ce1 & ?r\gh su* a s5se realizes ) ?ankfulness its true relation to ! re/ ( life ar\nd x4 ,aga91 ! k ( tru? comes to ! individual fir/ ?r\gh ! m$iation ( o!rs1 ( 8 p>5ts & tea*]s2 z he gr[s1 & 8 own intellect works m freely1 yet its results only ga9 consi/5cy1 security1 wid?1 :5 te/$ by ! results ( o!r work]s2 & directly we wi% to propagate ^! results1 !y mu/ be embodi$ 9 ! lives ( o!rs1 9 societies1 9 organizations4 ,)\t ^!1 ideas rema9 9 ! air1 ab/ract1 intangible1 appeal+ p]haps to ! philosophic few1 b high above ! rea* ( ! _m1 ! simple4 ',all human society is ! receptacle1 nurs]y1 & dwell+-place ( ideas1 %ap$ & limit$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! society--ideas :i* live & act on x & 9 x2 :i* are pres]v$1 pass$ on1 & transmitt$ f "o portion ( x to ano!r1 f "o g5]ation to ano!r2 :i* w\ld be m]ely ab/ractions or individual op9ions if !y 7 n end[$ ) ! common life :i* _! reception 9 a society gives !m#ccc4' ,^! two pr9ciples are1 obvi\sly1 n conf9$ to religi\s que/ions4 ,!y apply to morality1 to society1 to politics4 ,!y are assum$ 9 all e?ical & political treatises4 ,! ne$ ( co-op]ation = common life und]lies ! :ole /ructure ( ! ,republic ( ,plato2 x is impli$ 9 ,ari/otle's def9ition ( man z a social animal1 & 9 8 close association ( ,e?ics ) ,politics3 x has creat$ ! family1 ! tribe1 ! /ate2 ea* fre% ass]tion ( ! pr9ciple1 ea* break+ d[n ( ! b>ri]s :i* sep>ate family f family1 tribe f tribe1 nation f nation1 has be5 a /ep =w>d 9 civilization4 ,! /r5g? ( co-op]ation = ! propagation ( ideas is se5 9 ! p]si/5ce ) :i* c]ta9 nations reta9 hold on political !ories or peculi> features ( "*2 x is se5 9 ! recurr+ =mation ( philosophic s*ools or religi\s sects or guilds1 z soon z any new tru?1 intellectual or religi\s1 has be5 discov]$1 or any moral quality1 su* z temp]ance or purity1 has ne$$ to be emphasiz$4 ,! mo/ individuali/ic ( ,*ri/ian sects h f\nd !mselves =c$ to be ecclesia/ical1 to def9e _! cre$s & to p]fect _! organization1 z soon z !y h begun to be mission>y4 ,^! pr9ciples are z wide z society2 b religion takes !m up & applies !m on ! highe/ level4 ,religion is1 almo/ univ]sally1 ! l9k :i* b9ds man to man1 no less ?an t :i* b9ds man to a ,p[] above him4 ,s 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*--if we may anticipate1 = a mom5t1 our special application ( ! pr9ciple--! new-born *ild is tak5 at once & incorporat$ into a body ( believ]s2 f ! fir/ x draws its life f ,god ?r\gh ! body2 x is taught t ?r\gh\t life x mu/ keep 9 t\* ) ! body2 x mu/ be 9 a "r relation to ! o!r memb]s2 x mu/ draw life f !m2 x mu/ contribute life to !m4 ,&1 fur!r1 ?is body has exi/$ always & exi/s /ill z ! home ( c]ta9 ideas1 ideas ab\t ,god & ab\t human life1 :i* 7 reveal$ 9 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & :i* x has to atte/ 9 its tea*+ & embody 9 its life4 ,x is to be a body ( visible p]sons1 !mselves ! light ( ! _w1 express+ s t o!rs c see ! manifold wisdom ( ,god1 w9n+ o!rs to belief 9 ! unity ( ,god1 by ! sight ( _! own "o-ness4 ,! fir/ pr9ciple might be express$ 9 ! words ( ,fe/us to ,p>acelsus1 :5 ! latt] _h claim$ to be ,god's special in/rum5t 9 ! _w2 ,7 ,i elect l y1 ,i w\ld encircle me ) love1 & raise ,a ramp>t ( my fell[s3 x %\ld seem ,impossible = me to fail1 s wat*$ ,by g5tle fri5ds :o made _! cause my own ,!y %\ld w>d (f fate's envy3--! great gift1 ,extravagant :5 claim$ by me alone1 ,be+ s a gift to !m z well z me#ccd3 ! second pr9ciple by l9es appli$ orig9ally to ! ,inc>nation1 b :i* we may legitimately transf] to ! ,*ur*1 :i* cont9ues ! "w ( ! ,inc>nation1 ,& s ! ,^w _h brea?1 & wr\ght ,) human h&s ! ,cre$ ( ,cre$s ,9 lovel9ess ( p]fect de$s1 ,/ore /rong ?an all poetic ?\ght#cce4 ,b1 fur!r1 religion adds a ?ird application ( its own to ?is pr9ciple ( co-op]ation3 = a *ur* gr[s also out ( ! necessities ( wor%ip4 ,! ritual ne$$ = ! (f]+ ( sacrifice almo/ necessitates ( itself a numb] ( p]sons = its p]=mance4 ,no d\bt1 an individual c wor%ip ,god 9 private1 b s 8 wor%ip t5ds to be self-c5tr$ & n>r[3 = ! full expression ( 8 religi\s relation to o!rs1 = expiat+ a wrong done by him to 8 neighb\rs or to ! :ole community1 = express+ gratitude = m]cies :i* h come to him ?r\gh o!rs1 !re mu/ be ! common meet+3 & ! community z a :ole has its great victories = :i* to ?ank ,god1 its national dang]s = :i* to pray1 its national s9s = :i* to (f] expiation2 & h5ce1 common religi\s acts h be5 ! univ]sal accompanim5t ( national life1 & h 9 _! turn react$ ^u x4 ,! idea ( a ,*ur*1 !n1 z conceiv$ 9 its mo/ g5]al =m1 & )\t especial ref]5ce to ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 is ?is1 t x wid5s life by deep5+ ! s5se ( bro!rhood2 t x tea*es1 /r5g!ns1 & propagates ideas by en%r9+ tru? 9 liv+ witnesses1 by *eck+ ! results ( isolat$ ?9k]s by contact ) o!r ?9k]s1 & by secur+ p]man5cy = ! ideas2 & t x exp&s & deep5s wor%ip by elim9at+ all t is selfi% & n>r[1 & giv+ expression to common aims & feel+s4 ,we pass f su* priori ideas to ! evid5ce ( ! ,bible4 ,!re we f9d t ^! pr9ciples 7 embodi$ fir/ 9 ,judaism4 ,!re ! :ole nation 0 ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,jew ent]$ into ! religi\s privileges ( 8 life1 n by any consci\s act ( 8 own1 b by be+ born ( ,jewi% p>5ts2 he reta9$ 8 true life by rema9+ 9 contact ) 8 nation4 ,! union ( ! diff]5t memb]s ( ! nation ) ea* o!r is s intimate t ! :ole nation is spok5 ( z a p]sonal unit4 ,x is call$ ',god's ,son1 ,8 'fir/-born ,son1' ',jehovah's s]vant4' ,! ideal ( prophecy is ess5tially t ( a re/or$ nation rejoic+ 9 ! rule ( national righte\sness4 ,aga91 ! nation 0 *os5 out specially to be> witness to tru?1 tru? ab\t ! nature ( ,god1 ! ,almighty1 ! ,et]nal1 ! ,holy2 tru? embodi$ 9 ! facts ( hi/ory1 & deep5$ 9 ! revelations ( prophecy2 tru?s :i* ! fa!rs tea* _! *ildr51 't !y %\ld n hide !m f ! *ildr5 ( ! g5]ations to come#ccf4' ,9 ! /rik+ phrase ( ,s4 ,a?anasius1 ! law & ! prophets 7 'a sacr$ s*ool ( ! k ( ,god & ( spiritual life = ! :ole _w#ccg4' ,_! wor%ip1 too1 0 ess5tially social & national4 ,f ! fir/ x c5tr$ r\nd great national ev5ts1 ! =tunes ( ! h>ve/1 or ! crises ( national hi/ory3 ! individual 0 purifi$ f s9 t he might be wor?y to take "p 9 ! national s]vice2 ! ev5ts ( ! nation's hi/ory 7 celebrat$ 9 religi\s hymns2 ! capital ( ! nation became ! "o & only recognis$ c5tre = ! highe/ wor%ip4 ,b ,judaism adds to ^! pr9ciples a fur!r pr9ciple ( its own4 ,x claims t su* privileges z 7 grant$ to x1 7 n grant$ to x = its own sake1 b t x might be a s\rce ( bless+ to all nations3 x assumes t !y are on a l[] religi\s level ?an itself2 t in/ead ( ea* nation progress+ equally along ! l9e ( religi\s life1 tru?1 & wor%ip1 o!r nations h fall5 backw>d & ! ,jew has be5 *os5 out = a special privilege4 ,x is ! pr9ciple t ,god works by 'limitation1' by app>5t 'exclusiv5ess1' by t :i* is 9 its ess5ce 'sac]dotalism'2 ! pr9ciple t ,god does n give ,8 gifts equally to all1 b specially to a few1 t !y may use !m = ! good ( ! :ole4 ,?is pr9ciple seems at fir/ sight to (f5d "s mod]n ab/ract ideas ( ju/ice & equality2 b ! mom5t we exam9e ! facts ( life1 we f9d x prevail+ univ]sally4 ,ea* nation has its peculi> gift3 ! ,greek makes 8 p>allel claim to be specially gift$ ) ! love ( k & ! p[] ( arti/ic expression2 ! ,roman ) ! p[] ( rule & ! belief 9 law4 ,or1 aga91 )9 a s+le nation1 x is ! arti/ :o enables u to see ! beauty ( a face or a l&scape :i* _h escap$ u be=e3 ,art 0 giv5 = t1 ,god uses u to help ea* o!r s1 ,l5d+ our m9ds out4 ,x is ! poet :o int]prets our inn] nature or ! magic ( ! ext]nal _w1 & becomes ,a prie/ to u all ,( ! wond] & bloom ( ! _w1 ,:i* we see ) 8 eyes & are glad3 he s+s ,till ! _w is wr\ght ,to sympa?y ) hopes & fe>s x he$$ n#cch4 ,& ?is pr9ciple does n /op %ort ( religi\s influ5ces ,consci5ce is itself a witness to x1 z x implies t all p>ts ( our nature are n suffici5t guides to !mselves1 b t ,god has gift$ "o special faculty ) p[] to control ! re/4 ',m5 ( "*1' x has be5 said1 'are ! consci5ce ( ! society to :i* !y belong4' ,9 ! ,jewi% nation itself1 ! prophets 7 ! circle ( ,jehovah's fri5ds2 !y knew ,8 secrets1 !y kept alive ! ideal ( ! nation4 ',:at ! s\l is 9 ! body1 t are ,*ri/ians 9 ! _w' 0 ! p>allel claim ( an e>ly apologi/#cci4 ,analogies cr[d 91 !n1 on e side1 to %ew h[ rational is ?is claim on ! "p ( ,judaism4 ,revelation only accepts ?is fact1 & adds to x ! ass]tion t x is no accid5t b a "p ( ! ,div9e ,purpose4 ,x is ! result ( ,god's election4 ,! ,jewi% nation1 & subsequ5tly ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 is n only a bless+ to ! re/ ( ! _w1 b x is consci\s t x is a bless+4 ,?is tru? has be5 reveal$ to x p>tly to keep x ev] m9dful ( its s5se ( dep5d5ce ^u ! ,giv] ( all good gifts1 p>tly to give x t5acity & c\rage to cl+ to a gift :i* x kn[s to be ( ine/imable value = all mank9d4 ',! election 0 simply a me?od ( proc$ure adopt$ by ,god 9 ,8 wisdom by :i* ,he design$ to fit ! few = bless+ ! _m1 "o = bless+ all#cdj4' ,x mu/ be f consid]ations su* z ^! t we approa* ! f\ndation ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* & ! ,inc>nation ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/ on :i* x re/s4 ,we approa* x ) ! expectation t we %all f9d ^! pr9ciples embodi$ 9 x1 = ,*ri/ianity sprang directly out ( ,judaism1 & s w\ld naturally inh]it its pr9ciples3 & to g deep] /ill1 ! v ess5ce ( ! ,inc>nation lies 9 ! consecration ( human life & human means4 ,he :o be=e _h be5 act+ invisibly ^u ! _w z ! ,^w1 implant+ life & light 9 man1 n[ ent]$ visibly into human fle%4 ,all t5d5cies :i* made = ! fulness ( life & tru? be=e ,8 com+1 all t t5d$ to enlight51 elevate1 comb9e m51 _h be5 ,8 unkn[n work+3 n[ !y are kn[n to be ,84 ,! ,inf9ite appe>s 9 f9ite =m2 ! spiritual takes ! mat]ial 9 :i* to express itself2 human m$ia are consecrat$ to deep] ends1 & *>g$ ) a full] mean+ ?an be=e3 s t1 9 ,hook]'s words1 ',we _c n[ conceive h[ ,god %\ld1 )\t man1 ex]cise ,div9e p[] or receive ! glory ( ,div9e praise#cda4' ',:at y d n[ ev5 aft] ! fle%1 t is spiritual' is ! bold p>adox ( ,s4 ,ignatius2 & he adds ! reason1 '= y d all 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus#cdb4' ,?us-- ,9 ?is tw(old sph]e1 ! tw(old man ,holds firmly to ! natural1 to rea* ,! spiritual beyond x4444 ,! :ole temporal %[ relat$ royally ,& built up to et]ne significance ,?r\gh ! op5 arms ( ,god#cdc4 ,! ,inc>nation1 !n1 takes up all ! ?ree pr9ciples ( :i* we h spok53 b1 f ! v f9ality :i* x claims = itself1 x puts a m>k ( f9ality ^u ea* ( !m1 & s1 9 ?is respect1 m>ks (f ! application ( !m 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* f all o!r applications ( ! same pr9ciples4 ,! pr9ciple ( co-op]ation = spiritual life is tak5 up2 ! ,jewi% nation is exp&$ into an univ]sal bro!rhood2 ?is includes all m51 )\t any di/9ction ( race2 x includes ! quick & ! dead2 x aims at ! highe/ spiritual p]fection4 ,x is f9al 9 ?is s5se1 t no?+ c be wid] 9 ext5t or deep] 9 aim2 b x is f9al also 9 ! s5se t ! life has be5 manife/$4 ,*ri/ians d n comb9e to "w up to "s unsuspect$ ideal3 !y comb9e to draw out & express 9 _! common life ! p]fection t 0 9 ,*ri/4 ,! pr9ciple ( association = ! propagation ( ideas is tak5 up1 b !y are tru?s ab\t ,god & ,8 relation to human nature3 !y are tru?s :i* h be5 reveal$1 :i* h be5 once = all deliv]$ to ! sa9ts4 ,f9ally1 ! pr9ciple ( association = wor%ip is tak5 up2 ! wor%ip is made z wide z humanity2 x is to be z spiritual z ,god2 b x1 too1 re/s on f9al facts1 on ! facts ( creation & r$emption3 x c5tres r\nd ! "o complete sacrifice = s94 ,let u consid] ea* ( ^! po9ts m 9 detail4 #a4 ,! ,*ur* is an organization = ! purpose ( spiritual life2 an univ]sal bro!rhood knit toge!r to build up ea* ( its memb]s into hol9ess2 '! only great s*ool ( virtue exi/+4' ,b if ?is is s1 if x is univ]sal1 is ! pr9ciple ( 'limitation1' ( 'exclusiv5ess1' gone8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,x is !re1 & x is mo/ in/ructive to notice h[ x arises#cdd4 ,*ri/ *ose a small body ( disciples to be 9 close contact ) ,himself1 to %>e ,8 "w1 & to receive ,8 deep] tea*+4 ,?is w n surprise u aft] ! analogies ( ! prophets1 ! poets1 ! arti/s ( ! _w4 ,! sa9ts too may be few1 & ,god may l5d _! spirits out = ! good ( o!rs4 ,b1 moreov]1 9 ! fir/ =mation ( ! ,*ur* we are able to wat* ! process ( limitation1 z hi/orically work$ out2 & we see t x arises n f any n>r[ness1 any grudg+ ( ,8 bless+s1 on ! "p ( ,*ri/1 b f ! n>r[ness1 ! limitations 9 man4 ,man is '/rait5$' n 9 ,god1 n 9 ,*ri/1 b 9 8 own affections4 ,god will$ all m5 to be sav$3 ,*ri/ w5t ab\t do+ good & call+ all to a *ange ( he>t1 to a %>e 9 ! k+dom ( ,heav53 b su* a call made dem&s ^u ,8 he>]s2 x requir$ t !y %\ld give up old prejudices ab\t ! ,messianic k+dom1 t !y %\ld be will+ to leave fa!r & "m & h\ses & l&s = ! tru?'s sake1 t !y %\ld lay aside all ! ?+s t defile a man1 t !y %\ld aim at be+ p]fect1 t !y %\ld n only he> b und]/& ! ^w1 t !y %\ld tru/ ,him ev5 :5 ,8 say+s 7 h>d4 ,& ^! dem&s produc$ ! limitations4 ,! ,ph>isees pref]r$ ! glory ( m5 to ! glory :i* came f ,god2 ! masses 9 ,galilee c>$ only = ! bread t p]i%e?2 _m ( ! disciples turn$ back2 & s ,he c\ld n commit ,himself unto !m1 because ,he knew :at 0 9 man4 ,n to !m1 n to any *ance p]son1 b to ! ,twelve1 to ^? :o _h /ood ^! te/s1 to ^? :o _h1 9 spite ( all p]plexity1 se5 9 ,him ! ,son ( ! ,liv+ ,god1 to !m ,he c\ld commit ,himself1 !y c\ld %>e ,8 secrets2 !y c\ld be taught cle>ly ! c]ta9ty & ! mean+ ( ,8 com+ dea?1 = !y _h begun to le>n :at self-sacrifice meant2 !y c\ld d ,8 "w & organize ,8 ,*ur*2 !y c\ld b9d & loose 9 ,8 ,"n2 !y c\ld repres5t ,him :5 ,he 0 gone4 ,^! are ! elect2 !y :o _h ! w to li/5 to ! call#cde2 !y :o 7 'magnanim\s to correspond ) heav5'2 to !m ,he gave at ,p5teco/ ! full consci\s gift ( ! ,holy ,_s1 & s at la/ =m$ !m into ! ,*ur*1 ! ,*ur* :i* 0 to cont9ue ,8 "w1 :i* 0 to convey ,8 grace1 :i* 0 to g into ! :ole _w1 hold+ ?is life z a treasure = ! sake ( ! :ole _w1 pray+ & giv+ ?anks = all m51 because ! unity ( ,god & ! unity ( ! m$iation ( ,*ri/ inspires !m ) hope t all may be "o 9 ,him#cdf4 ,! day ( ,p5teco/ 0 ?us ! bir?day ( ! ,*ur*4 ,be=e !re 7 foll[]s ( ! ,"l2 n[ !re 0 ! ,*ur*3 & ?is z ! result ( a new act1 = :i* all t prec$$ _h be5 b prep>ation3 n[ ! ,*ur* 0 born 9 becom+ ! possessor ( a common corporate life4 ,! ,_s 0 giv5 to ! :ole body ( ,*ri/ians toge!r3 x 0 n giv5 to an individual "h & !re 9 su* a way t su* ,_s-be>+ individuals c\ld !n come toge!r & =m a ,*ur*4 ,x 0 giv5 corporately1 s t !y :o receiv$ ! ,_s realiz$ at once a unity :i* prec$$ any individual action ( _! own4 ,s ! ,*ur* has gone =? (f]+ its message freely to all2 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus !re is nei!r ,jew nor ,g5tile2 ! message is giv5 op5ly1 ')\t any veil1' to all2 all are accept$ :o w submit !mselves to ,baptism1 i4e4 all :o recognise ! elem5t ( evil & ( weakness 9 _! own life1 :o are will+ to die to x & receive fre% life & /r5g? f ! ,ris5 ,"l1 & to submit _! life to ,8 discipl9e4 ,t is ! ,*ur* z pres5t$ to u 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,metaphor aft] metaphor is lavi%$ ^u x by our ,"l & by ,s4 ,paul 9 ord] to make cle> ! conception ( x4 ,he is ! ,v9e1 ,8 disciples are ! bran*es2 !y draw all _! life f ,him3 ap>t f ,him !y c d no?+2 if 9 union ) ,him1 !y be> fruit4 ,! ,*ur* is a h\sehold1 a sc5e ( active "w1 ( 'skill$ & tra9$ activity'3 ea* memb] ) 8 own "w1 "s z m]e memb]s ( ! h\sehold1 o!rs z rul]s set ov] ! h\sehold to give !m meat 9 due season1 ea* ) tal5ts to be us$ fai?fully = ! ,ma/]4 ,x is a family1 9 :i* 'all ye are bre?r51' lay+ obligations ( love betwe5 bro!r & bro!r1 call+ out self-sacrifice = ! good ( o!rs1 deep5+ 9 ea* ! s5se ( ! value ( ! lives ( o!rs4 ,x is ! ,body ( ,*ri/1 t :i* gr[s /rong] & /rong]1 t :i* draws its life f ! ,head & mu/ hold to ,him1 t 9 :i* ,*ri/ian is l9k$ to ,*ri/ian 9 sympa?y & complete int]dep5d5ce1 t )\t :i* ! ,head w\ld be incomplete1 ! necess>y organ = complet+ ,*ri/'s "w on e>?1 t :i* ! ,_s takes z its *annel = manife/+ to ! _w ! v 'life ( ,god4' ,x is ,god's ,temple2 visible1 made up ( p>ts1 :i* are fitt$ 9 to "o ano!r 9 symmetry2 beautiful ) a spiritual beauty2 = !re a liv+ ,god is pres5t2 !re ,he speaks to ,8 own2 !re !y (f] to ,him a rational s]vice#cdg4 ,x is ! ,bride ( ,*ri/1 ! de>e/ object ( ,*ri/'s love1 :i* gives h]self to ,him = ,8 s]vice1 :i* = ,8 sake keeps h]self pure 9 life & doctr9e2 :i* receives f ,him all ! treasures ( ,8 love1 s t z ,he _h receiv$ ! fulness ( ,god1 '! aggregate ( ! ,div9e attributes1 virtues1 & en]gies' f ! ,fa!r1 ! ,*ur* receives all ?is f ,him & manife/s x =? to ! _w ( m5 & ( angels4 ,b ?is picture1 x w be urg$1 is only a prophecy ( ! future2 ! evid5ce ( ,s4 ,paul's ,epi/les w also %ew u a v diff]5t sc5e 9 real life1 a body ) t5d5cies to divisions1 to selfi%ness1 to s94 ,?is is q true1 b ! ideal is nev] ?\ght ( z some?+ diff]5t f ! real2 ! ideal is n simply 9 heav5 nor ! real simply on e>?2 ! real is ! ideal1 ?\gh n yet completely develop$2 ! ideal is ! actual basis ( ! real z mu* z ! goal to :i* ! real is t5d+4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,*ur* h be5 consecrat$2 !y are holy2 !y are 'unleav5$'2 !y h put on ,*ri/2 !y h by _! self-committal to ,him receiv$ a righte\sness :i* !y c "w out into p]fection4 ,aga91 !y are bro!rs2 !y h be5 made *ildr5 ( ,god by adoption3 z !y h realiz$ ! s5se ( son%ip1 !y realize also ! clos5ess ( ! tie betwe5 !mselves & ! o!r sons1 _! common sympa?ies1 hopes & aims4 ,true1 !y are n yet p]fect ei!r 9 hol9ess or 9 love3 ! v purpose ( ! ,*ur* is to make !m p]fect4 ,x takes ! individual at 8 bir?1 x incorporates him into its own life1 x wat*es ov] him f beg9n+ to end1 x fe$s him ) spiritual food1 x discipl9es him by spiritual laws1 x blesses him at all ! *ief mom5ts ( life1 x takes him away f 8 own isolation1 tra9s him 9 social aims & social duties by social sacram5ts1 f9ally1 gives him back to ,god ) its b5$iction4 ,su* a conception ( ! ,*ur* z a nurs]y1 a s*ool1 a home1 implies ( necessity t x %\ld be visible1 & t x %\ld be "o4 ,x is a visible body1 because x has 9 "s s5se to repres5t ! ,inc>nate ,"l4 ,9 ! ,inc>nation _s took mat]ial =m & express$ itself !reby2 9 ! ris5 ,"l--& x is ! ris5 ,"l :o gives ! ,_s to ! ,*ur*--!re 0 /ill a spiritual body4 ,?is is n to d5y ! invisible reality ( spiritual unity :i* und]lies ! ext]nal visible unity4 ,x is only to say t complet5ess means bo?4 ,9 ! language ( ,s4 ,ignatius1 z ,*ri/ ,jesus 0 at once mat]ial & spiritual1 s1 ! unity ( ! ,*ur* %\ld be at once mat]ial & spiritual#cdh4 ,! idea ( an invisible ,*ur* to express ! body ( true believ]s1 :o alone are ! ,*ur*1 to :atev] community !y belong1 s t ! visible ,*ur* becomes an unimportant ?+1 is an idea entirely at v>iance ) ,scripture & all pre-re=mation tea*+4 ,! phrase is fir/ f\nd 9 almo/ contempor>y writ+s ( ,lu!r & ( ,zw+li2 x is ak9 to ! tea*+ ( ,hus & ( ,wiclif2 &1 no d\bt1 !re are ?\ghts & phrases 9 e>li] writ]s t are m or less ak9 to x4 ,f ! fir/ !re 0 obvi\sly a di/9ction betwe5 ! true & untrue ,*ri/ian1 betwe5 ! spiritual & ! fle%ly1 betwe5 ! vessels to hon\r & ! vessels to di%on\r1 & ! fir/ ( ^! classes1 ^? :o p]sev]e to ! end1 :om man _c "k & ,god only kn[s1 ^? :o1 if ?\ght ( 9 ! light ( ,god's et]nal purposes1 are ! pr$e/9$1 ^! 7 treat$ & spok5 ( z '! ,*ur* prop]ly s call$1' '! true body ( ,*ri/4' ,*ri/ians ':o d ! w ( ! ,fa!r w belong to ! fir/ ,*ur*1 ! spiritual ,*ur* f\nd$ be=e ! sun & moon4' ,^? :o h liv$ 9 p]fect righte\sness accord+ to ! ,gospel 'w re/ 9 ! holy hill ( ,god1 9 ! highe/ ,*ur*1 9 :i* are ga!r$ ! philosoph]s ( ,god#cdi4' ,aga91 ! ,*ur* on e>? is reg>d$ z 'a copy ( ! ,*ur* 9 heav5 9 :i* ,god's w is done'3 b 9 ea* case !re is no contra/ betwe5 ! visible & ! invisible ,*ur*4 ,! invisible ,*ur* is 9 ^! cases ei!r ! ideal ( ! visible2 or t "p ( ! visible organiz$ ,*ur* :i* has rema9$ true to its aims4 ,s too ) reg>d to ^? :o are n consci\s believ]s2 ! possibility ( _! salvation1 9 a qualifi$ way1 is he>tily recognis$1 b ! confusion is n made ( call+ !m memb]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! fatal dang] is :5 ! belief 9 ! invisible ,*ur* is us$ to discr$it ! visible ,*ur* & ! importance ( belong+ to x4 ,x is sc>cely too mu* to say1 t all /ress laid ^u ! invisible ,*ur* t5ds to l[] ! dem&s ( hol9ess & bro!rhood4 ,x is a visible ,*ur*1 & su* a ,*ur* z c attract outsid]s1 :i* calls out ! fruits ( fai? into active en]gy2 x is a visible ,*ur* su* z c comb9e ,*ri/ians 9 active "w1 :i* te/s bro!rhood1 :i* rubs away idiosyncrasy1 :i* de/roys vanity & jeal\sy1 :i* re/ra9s p]sonal ambition1 :i* tra9s 9 ! p[] ( common "w1 :i*1 z our own p[]s fail1 or are prov$ inadequate1 = "s task on :i* our he>t _h be5 set1 /ill fills u ) hope t ,god w "w ?r\gh o!rs t :i* x is cle> ,he w n "w ?r\gh u4 ,x is a visible ,*ur* alone :i* is '! home ( ! lonely4' ,encompass$ z we are n[ f our bir? by ,*ri/ian fri5ds & associations1 we t5d to =get h[ mu* we dep5d on ! spiritual help & sympa?y ( o!rs4 ,! greatness ( our bless+s bl9ds u to _! pres5ce1 & we seem to /& 9 our own /r5g? :ile we are lean+ ^u o!rs4 ,! relation ( ! s\l to ,god is a t5d] ?+2 p]sonal religion1 :i* seems s /rong1 :ile 9 a ,*ri/ian atmosph]e1 t5ds to gr[ weak1 to tott]1 to fall1 z we /& alone 9 "s di/ant c\ntry1 amid l[ moral /&>ds & hea!n fai?s4 ,su* solitude does inde$ (t51 9 ^? :o are /rong1 deep51 9 a m>vell\s way1 ! invisible communion ) ,god & ! ties t knit u ) ! abs5t2 b ! result is (t5 fatal to ! weak4 ,x ?r[s bo? /rong & weak alike into clos] sympa?y ) ^? :o %>e a common fai?4 ,x is a visible ,*ur* :i* supplies ?is sympa?y1 :i* gives ! assurance t ea* s\l1 z x is drawn to ,god1 %all n /& alone2 b t x %all f9d ar\nd x /r5g!n+ h&s & sympa!tic he>ts1 :i* %all tra9 x till1 z 9 ! quiet confid5ce ( a home1 x %all blossom into ! full ,*ri/ian life4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur* is v simil>4 ,t1 aga91 is prim>ily & ess5tially a spiritual unity4 ,! ultimate s\rce is1 accord+ to ! ,"l's own tea*+1 ! unity ( ! ,godhead3 't !y may be "o1 ev5 z we are "o4' ,! effect ( ! outp\r+ ( ! ,_s is to make ! multitude ( !m t believ$ '( "o he>t & "o s\l4' ,baptism becomes ! s\rce ( unity1 ',9 "o ,_s 7 we all baptiz$ into "o body3' ! '"o bread' becomes ! security ( union4 ',we :o are _m are "o bread1 "o body1 = we all p>take ( ! "o bread4' ,m fully /ill is ! unity drawn out 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians4 ',!re is "o body & "o ,_s1 ev5 z ye are call$ 9 "o hope ( our call+1 "o ,"l1 "o fai?1 "o baptism1 "o ,god & ,fa!r ( all4' ,! unity />ts ) be+ spiritual2 x is ! p[] ( ! ,"o ,god draw+ m5 toge!r by ,8 action ^u _! spirits2 unit+ !m 9 ! s]vice ( "o ,"l :o has r$eem$ !m1 b x issues 9 '"o body4' ,no?+ c be /rong] ?an ! ass]tion ( su* unity4 ,b 9 :at does ?is unity lie1 & :at is to be ! safegu>d ( x8 ,no "o answ] is possible to ?is "q4 ,cle>ly1 "o "p ( ! answ] is1 a unity ( spiritual aim1 '"o hope ( y\r call+3' ano!r answ] is1 a common basis ( belief1 common tru/ 9 ! same ,"l1 '"o fai?2' a fur!r answ] is1 common social sacram5ts1 '"o baptism1' '"o bread4' ,all ^! lie on ! face ( ^! passages ( ,s4 ,paul4 ,are we to add to !m 'a common gov]nm5t1' 'an apo/olical succession8' ,0 ?is ( ! ess5ce or a late addition1 a result ( subsequ5t conf$]ation int5d$ to gu>antee ! p]man5ce ( dogma8 ,no d\bt1 ! circum/ances ( subsequ5t hi/ory m\ld$ ! exact =m ( ! m9i/ry1 & emphasiz$ ! importance ( ext]nal organization "u p>ticul> circum/ances2 b ?is is no less true ( ! o!r po9ts ( unity2 ! unity ( spiritual life 0 work$ out 9 "o way 9 ! times ( public discipl9e & p5ance1 9 ano!r way :5 ^! fell into disuse3 ! unity ( fai? 0 br\ght into prom95ce 9 ! times ( ! =mulat+ ( ! ,cre$s4 ,s ! unity ( ext]nal organization 0 emphasiz$ :5 x 0 ?reat5$ by ! ,gno/ic1 ,novatian1 & ,donati/ controv]sies4 ,b ! g]m ( x is !re f ! fir/1 & x 0 no lat] addition4 ,! spiritual unity d]iv$ f ! ,"l is imp>t$ ?r\gh ,sacram5ts2 b ?is at once l9ks ! inw>d life & spiritual unity ) "s =m ( ext]nal organization4 ,& s ! writ] ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians aft] 8 great description ( ,*ri/ian unity1 goes on at once to speak ( ! m9i/ry4 ,! apo/les1 prophets1 evangeli/s1 pa/ors1 tea*]s1 ^! are special gifts ( ! asc5d$ ,"l to ! ,*ur*2 & !y are giv5 = ! v purpose ( secur+ unity1 '= ! p]fect+ ( ! sa9ts unto ! "w ( m9i/]+1 unto ! build+ up ( ! body ( ,*ri/1 till we all atta9 unto ! unity ( ! fai?4' ,no less significantly1 :5 ,s4 ,paul is apply+ to ! ,*ur* ! metaphor ( ! body & its memb]s 9 ord] to emphasize ! unity ( ! :ole1 does he rank apo/les1 prophets1 tea*]s1 z ! mo/ important memb]s ( ! body#cej4 ,! hi/ory ( ! e>ly ,*ur*1 s f> z x c be trac$1 po9ts ! same way4 ,! ,"l appo9t$ ,8 body ( twelve3 ,he gave !m ! p[] to b9d & to loose1 ! p[] to ex]cise discipl9e ov] (f5d+ memb]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,at fir/1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is a purely ,jewi% body2 x cont9ues 9 ! ,apo/les' fell[%ip z well z doctr9e2 !y di/ribute its alms2 !y puni% unwor?y memb]s2 !y arrange its diff]5ces2 !y appo9t subord9ate (fic]s2 !y ratify _! actions1 & sanction ! admission ( ,sam>itans & proselytes to ! ,*ur*2 b ! v>i\s memb]s ?r\gh\t ,judea1 ,galilee1 & ,sam>ia1 are embrac$ 9 ! s+le conception ( "o ,*ur*#cea4 ,!n "u ! guidance ( ,paul & ,b>nabas1 ! ,g5tiles are br\ght 9 & =m$ into *ur*es2 ! dang] to unity becomes acute4 ,accord+ to ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 x is surm\nt$ by ref]5ce to ! ,*ur* at ,j]usalem2 ! ,apo/les & ,eld]s !re decide ! "q1 & ! ,g5tile ,*ur*es are ?us kept 9 communion ) x4 ,s4 ,paul's lett]s1 ) all ! difficulty !re is ( reconcil+ e detail ) ! hi/orian's acc\nt1 pres5t u ) ess5tially ! same picture4 ,9 deal+ ) 8 own ,*ur*es1 he claims absolute "r1 z apo/le1 to h& on & lay d[n traditions1 to puni%1 to =give1 to gov]n3 he leaves "s class ( m9i/]s 9 e ,*ur* "u 8 guidance2 ea* ,*ur* is to adm9i/] discipl9e ov] unwor?y memb]s4 ,b ! ,*ur*es _c act indep5d5tly3 ! ,*ur* at ,cor9? is n to act z ?\gh x 7 ! f\nta9 head ( ,*ri/ianity1 or ! only ,g5tile ,*ur*2 x is to rememb] ! cu/oms 9 o!r ,*ur*es4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 above 'all ! ,*ur*es1' appe>s already z "o body '! ,*ur*1' 9 :i* ,god has set apo/les#ceb2 )9 x !re are sep>ate sph]es ( "w1 ,paul & ,b>nabas are to g to ! ,g5tiles1 ! lead+ ,jewi% apo/les to ! ,jews2 ,s4 ,paul w n intrude beyond ! prov9ce assign$ to him2 he makes 8 ,g5tile ,*ur*es to contribute to ! ne$s ( ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 & realize ! debt :i* !y owe to !m4 ,any divisions 9 a local ,*ur* _c be tol]at$1 z be+ inconsi/5t ) ! unity ( ,*ri/1 ) ,8 cross1 & ) ! significance ( baptism4 ,pet] /&s condemn$ :5 he wi%es to sep>ate himself & s causes division betwe5 ,jew & ,g5tile4 ,! importance atta*$ to ext]nal organization is surely impli$ 9 all ( ?is1 & ! circum/ances ( ! second c5tury =c$ out into cle>ness :at 0 s impli$4 ,gno/icism1 ,montanism1 ,novatianism all t5d$ to f\nd new bodies1 :i* claim$ to be ! true ,*ur*4 ,h[ 0 ! individual ,*ri/ian to te/ _! claims8 ,x 0 9 ! face ( ?is "q t ,*ur* writ]s1 notably ,s4 ,cyprian & ,s4 ,ir5aeus1 emphasiz$ ! importance ( hi/orical cont9uity 9 ! ,*ur* z secur$ by ! apo/olical succession ( ! episcopate4 ,! unity ( ! ,*ur* came prim>ily1 !y urg$1 f ,god1 f heav51 f ! ,fa!r2 x 0 secur$ by ! f\ndation ( ! ,*ur* ^u ! ,apo/les2 ! bi%ops h succe$$ to ! ,apo/les & s become ! gu>dians ( ! unity ( ! ,*ur*4 ,z soon !n z we f9d ! ,*ri/ian episcopate univ]sally organiz$1 we f9d x treat$ z an in/itution receiv$ f ! ,apo/les & z c>ry+ ) x ! pr9ciple ( hi/oric cont9uity4 ,s x has rema9$ ev] s9ce1 side by side ) ! o!r safegu>ds ( unity1 ! sacram5ts & ! common fai?4 ,! ,roman ,*ur* has add$ to x :at seem$ a fur!r safegu>d ( unity1 ! te/ ( communion ) itself2 b ?is 0 a lat] claim1 a claim :i* 0 p]si/5tly res5t$1 & :i* 0 urg$ ) disa/r\s results4 ,! ,re=m$ ,*ur*es ( ! ,cont95t1 9 _! prote/ aga9/ t additional te/1 h reject$ ! :ole pr9ciple ( hi/oric cont9uity2 !y h rema9$ satisfi$ ) ! bond ( a common fai? & ( common sacram5ts3 b ! result c sc>cely be said to be z yet a secur] unity4 ,ev5 an ,unit>ian hi/orian recognises he>tily t ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl& is ?is cont9uity4 ',!re is no po9t1' urges ,mr4 ,be>d#cec1 'at :i* x c be said1 "h ! old ,*ur* ends1 "h ! new beg9s4444 ,! ret5tion ( ! ,episcopate by ! ,engli% ,re=m]s at once help$ to pres]ve ?is cont9uity & m>k$ x 9 ! di/9cte/ way4444 ,x is an obvi\s hi/orical fact t ,p>k] 0 ! successor ( ,augu/9e1 j z cle>ly z ,lanfranc & ,becket4' ,?is1 !n1 is :at ! ,*ur* claims to be z ! home ( grace1 ! *annel ( spiritual life4 ,x claims to be a body ( liv+ p]sons :o h giv5 !mselves up to ! call ( ,*ri/ to c>ry on ,8 "w 9 ! _w2 a body :i* 0 organiz$ by ,himself ?us f> t ! ,apo/les 7 put 9 sole au?ority ov] x2 a body :i* receiv$ ! ,_s to dwell )9 x at ,p5teco/2 a body :i* propagat$ itself by spiritual bir?2 a body 9 :i* ! m9i/]ial p[] 0 h&$ on by ! ,apo/les to _! successors1 :i* has rema9$ s organiz$ till ! pres5t day1 & has mov$ on ?r\gh ! _w1 sometimes alli$ )1 sometimes 9 sep>ation f ! ,/ate1 always indep5d5t ( x2 a body :i* lays on ea* ( its memb]s ! duty ( hol9ess1 & ! obligation ( love1 & tra9s !m 9 bo?4 ,b two objections arise "h1 :i* mu/ be dealt ) %ortly4 ,x is urg$ fir/1 ?is is an unwor?y limitation3 we ought to love all m52 to treat all m5 z bro!rs2 :y limit ?is love1 ?is feel+ ( bro!rhood to ! baptiz$1 to ! ,*ur*8 ,true1 we ought to love & hon\r all m51 to d good to all m54 ,! love ( ! ,*ri/ian1 l ! love ( ,*ri/1 kn[s no limits2 b ! limitations are 9 man himself4 ,all human nature is n lovable3 all m5 are n love-wor?y4 ,love mu/1 at lea/1 mean a diff]5t ?+2 x mu/ weak5 its connotation if appli$ to all m52 !re may be pity1 !re may be fai?1 !re may be a prophetic anticipat+ love = ! s9n] & ! crim9al1 z we recall _! orig9 & =eca/ ! possibilities ( _! future2 b love 9 ! highe/ s5se1 love t delights 9 & admires its object1 love t is sure ( a response1 ! s5se ( bro!rhood :i* kn[s t x c tru/ a bro!r--^! are n possible ) ! wanton1 ! selfi%1 ! hypocrite4 ,?\gh man has social in/9cts :i* draw him into co-op]ation ) o!rs2 he has also t5d5cies to selfi%ness & impurity :i* "w aga9/ ! _s ( bro!rhood & make x impossible4 ,n till we h "s security t ! man's real self is on ! side ( unselfi%ness1 c we tru/ him2 & baptism ) its gifts ( grace1 baptism ) its dea? to ! selfi% nature1 baptism ) its pr(ession ( allegiance to ! lead]%ip ( ,*ri/1 ?is1 at lea/1 gives u "s security4 ,ev5 ,comte1 ) 8 long+ = bro!rhood1 tells u t 9 =m+ our conception ( humanity we mu/ n take 9 all m51 b ^? only :o are really assimilable1 9 virtue ( a real co-op]ation t[>ds ! common exi/5ce1 & ,mr4 ,cott] ,morison w\ld elim9ate & suppress ^? :o h no altrui/ic affection4 ,we limit1 !n1 only s f> z seems necess>y to ga9 reality2 we tra9 m5 9 ! n>r[] circle ( bro!rhood1 t !y may become en?usia/s = x1 & g =? z mission>ies to raise o!rs to _! own level4 ,z = ^? :o lie outside ,*ri/ianity1 ! ,*ur*1 l our ,"l ,himself 9 ! p>able ( ! %eep & ! goats1 l ,s4 ,paul 9 8 anticipation ( ! judgm5t day1 recognises all ! good !re is 9 !m2 l ,ju/9 ,m>tyr & _m ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs1 x traces 9 !m ! "w ( ! ,div9e ,^w2 & yet none ! less did ^! writ]s claim & does ! ,*ur* /ill claim = itself ! consci\s gift ( spiritual life1 9 a s5se high] ?an any?+ t lies outside itself4 ,b _m1 :o w\ld foll[ ?us f>1 w\ld draw ano!r l9e1 & w\ld include )9 ! ,*ur* all ! baptiz$1 :e!r pr(ess+ *ur*m5 or n4 ,once m1 s f> z we draw any di/9ction )9 ! limits ( ! baptiz$1 x is = ! sake ( reality4 ,we recognise t e atom ( _! fai? is g5u9e1 t s f> z !y h "o ,"l1 "o fai?1 "o baptism1 !y are true memb]s ( ! ,*ur*2 t s f> z !y h b&$ !mselves toge!r into a society1 !y h some?+ ak9 to ! reality ( ! ,*ur*1 & ga9 "s ( its social bless+s4 ,b !n x is !y :o h b&$ !mselves toge!r into a society3 & t means !y h done x at _! own risk4 ,we re/ ^u ! validity ( our sacram5ts1 because !y 7 f\nd$ by ! ,"l ,himself1 because !y h ,8 special promises1 because !y h be5 h&$ d[n 9 regul> & valid *annels to u4 ,h !y equal security t _! sacram5ts are valid8 ,aga91 we mu/ hold t s*ism means some?+ ( evil3 t x causes weakness3 t x ?us prev5ts ! full "w ( bro!rhood1 ( knitt+ ,*ri/ian ) ,*ri/ian 9 common wor%ip3 t s x prev5ts ! complete witness ( ! ,*ur* 9 ! _w2 t 9 s f> z su* ,*ri/ians are s*ismatic1 !y are untrue & h>mful memb]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! full complete claim ( ! ,*ur* is t x is a body visibly meet+ toge!r 9 a common life1 & =m+ by hi/orical cont9uity a "p ( ! actual body f\nd$ by our ,"l ,himself4 ,x w\ld be unreal to apply ?is conception ( a complete hi/oric bro!rhood to ^? :o h sep>at$ !mselves f ! ,*ur*'s wor%ip1 & ^: boa/ is t !y 7 f\nd$ by ,wesley1 or ,lu!r1 or ,calv94 ,a ,*ur* s f\nd$ is n hi/orically f\nd$ by ,*ri/4 ,x may h be5 f\nd$ to c>ry on ! "w ( ,*ri/1 x may h be5 f\nd$ 9 imitation ( ,him1 & ) ! s9c]e/ loyalty to ,8 p]son1 b x _c be said to h be5 f\nd$ by ,him4 ,ev5 if circum/ances h ju/ifi$ x1 x is at any rate n ! ideal2 & :atev] confessions ! hi/oric ,*ur* may h to make ( its own %ortcom+s1 x /ill mu/ witness to ! ideal ( a visible unity & hi/orical cont9uity4 ,amid ! divisions ( ,*ri/5dom1 & 9 face ( h] own %ortcom+s1 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& does n claim to be ! full complete repres5tation ( ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/4 ,%e is only "o national expression ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*3 %e feels t 'x is saf] = u to wid5 ! pale ( ! k+dom ( ,god1 ?an to d5y ! fruits ( ! ,_s#ced2' %e has ev] on h] lips ! pray]1 ',rememb] n1 ,"l1 our (f5ces1 nor ! (f5ces ( our =efa!rs1 nei!r take v5geance ( our s9s1' & yet %e mu/ make h] claim boldly & fe>lessly to h reta9$ ! true ideal ( ! ,*ur*2 to be loyal to ! ess5tial pr9ciple t h] life comes hi/orically f ,*ri/ & n f man4 ,,ii4 ,b ! ,*ur* is ! s*ool ( tru? z well z ! s*ool ( virtue4 ,its m9i/]s =m a prie/hood ( tru? z well z a prie/hood ( sacrifice4 ,its prie/s' lips h 'to keep k4' ,*ri/ianity is1 z ! ,s*ool ( ,alex&ria lov$ to repres5t x1 a ,div9e philosophy1 & ! ,*ur* its s*ool4 ,?is conception ( ! ,*ur* />ts f our ,"l's own words4 ,8 ,apo/les are to be z scribes in/ruct$ unto ! k+dom ( ,heav52 !y are to h ! scribes' p[] to decide :at is & :at is n b9d+ 9 ! k+dom2 ! ,_s is to lead !m into all tru?2 !y are to make disciples ( all ! nations1 'tea*+ !m to obs]ve all ?+s :atsoev] ,i comm&$ y4' ,! function ( ! ,*ur* !n ) reg>d to tru? is prim>ily to be> witness to t :i* has be5 reveal$4 ,x does n prim>ily reveal1 x tells ( ! tru?s :i* h be5 embodi$ 9 ! hi/oric life ( ,jesus ,*ri/ or expla9$ 9 ,8 tea*+4 ',"o is its tea*]2 ,"o is its ma/]1 ev5 ! ,*ri/4' ,x holds a 'fai? once deliv]$ to ! sa9ts4' ,h5ce1 f ! fir/1 !re grew up "s quasi-au?oritative =mula1 9 :i* we c see ! g]m ( ! lat] ,cre$s1 :i* ea* ,*ri/ian ,mission>y w\ld tea* to 8 conv]ts4 ,s4 ,paul himself receiv$ f o!rs & h&$ on to ! ,cor9?ians1 z 8 fir/ message to !m1 "s su* half-/]eotyp$ ,cre$1 n>rat+ ! c5tral facts ( ! ,dea? & ,resurrection ( ! ,"l2 8 tea*+ 0 z a m\ld :i* %ap$ ! lives ( ! conv]ts z !y 7 p\r$1 l s mu* molt5 metal1 into x4 ,x 0 au?oritative1 n ev5 an angel f heav5 c\ld prea* ano!r gospel4 ,z "t w5t on & false tea*+ spread1 ?is side ( ! ,*ur*'s "w is emphasiz$ m & m4 ,! ,*ur* is to be ! pill> & gr\nd-"w ( ! tru?4 ,timo?y & ,titus are to hold fa/ ! deposit1 to prev5t false tea*+1 to secure :olesom5ess ( doctr9e no less ?an sobriety ( life4 ,! conte/s ( ! next c5turies br+ out ?is idea ( witness into cle>] prom95ce1 & ! ,episcopate1 z x _h be5 ! gu>antee ( unity1 becomes n[ ! gu>antee ( tru?4 ,?us1 ,s4 ,ignatius is face to face ) ,docetic & ,gno/ic tea*+2 ) him ! bi%ops are '9 ! m9d ( ,jesus ,*ri/2' !y are to be treat$ 'z ! ,"l2' to avoid h]esy1 x is necess>y to avoid 'sep>ation f ! ,god ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 f ! ,bi%op & ! ord9ances ( ! ,apo/les2' ! "o bi%op is rank$ ) ! "o ,eu*>i/1 ! "o fle% ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! "o cup1 ! "o alt>1 z ! s\rce ( unity2 submission to ! ,bi%op & ! ,presbyt]s is a means t[>ds hol9ess1 t[>ds spiritual /r5g? & spiritual joy#cee4 ,^! are incid5tal expressions 9 lett]s writt5 at a mom5t ( spiritual excitem5t3 b ! same appeal reappe>s 9 calm] controv]sial treatises4 ,s4 ,ir5aeus argues aga9/ ,gno/icism on exactly ! same gr\nds4 ,tru? is ess5tially a ?+ receiv$2 x 0 receiv$ by ! ,apo/les f ,*ri/4 ,he 0 ! tru? ,himself2 ,he reveal$ x to ,8 ,apo/les2 !y embodi$ x 9 _! writ+s & h&$ x on to ! ,bi%ops & ,presbyt]s :o succe$$ !m2 h5ce ! te/ ( tru? is to be s\ght 9 ,holy ,scripture & 9 ! tea*+ ( ^? ,*ur*es :i* 7 f\nd$ directly by ! ,apo/les#cef4 ,) equal /r5g? ,t]tullian urges t ! tru? 0 receiv$ by ! *ur*es f ! ,apo/les1 by ! ,apo/les f ,*ri/1 by ,*ri/ f ,god2 x is !re=e indep5d5t ( individuals2 x mu/ be s\ght = 9 ,holy ,scripture1 b z ! canon ( t is n fix$1 & its int]pretation is at times d\btful1 x mu/ be supplem5t$ by ! evid5ce ( ! apo/olic ,*ur*es2 & he *all5ges ! h]etics to produce ! orig9 ( _! *ur*es & %ew t ! s]ies ( bi%ops runs back to "s ,apo/le or apo/olic man#ceg4 ,! ,*ur* is ?us prim>ily a witness3 ! /r5g? ( its au?ority lies 9 ! _m sides f :i* ! witness comes2 b ! exig5cies ( controv]sy1 & inde$ ( ?\ght ev5 ap>t f controv]sy1 r5d]$ necess>y ano!r function 9 respect to tru?4 ,! ,*ur* 0 compell$ to =mulate1 to express its witness 9 relation to ! intellectual difficulties ( ! "t4 ,*ri/ianity is inde$ ess5tially a matt] n ( ! intellect1 b ( ! w1 a p]sonal relation ( tru/ 9 a p]sonal ,god4 ,its fir/ in/9ct is1 z ! fir/ in/9ct ( fri5d%ip w\ld be1 to res5t intellectual analysis & dogmatic def9ition4 ,b z ! ne$ ( tell+ o!rs ab\t a fri5d1 or def5d+ him aga9/ sl&]1 w\ld compel u to analyse 8 qualities & def9e 8 attractiv5ess2 s x 0 ) ! ,*ur*'s relation to ! ,"l4 ,x bore witness to ! impression :i* ,8 life _h made ^u ,8 foll[]s t ,he 0 ,div9e2 x bore witness to ! facts ( ! life t atte/$ x & to ,8 own /atem5ts4 ,b ! claim 0 d5i$2 x ne$$ ju/ify+2 x ne$$ to be %ewn to be consi/5t ) o!r tru?s1 su* z ! unity ( ,god1 & ! reality ( ,8 own human nature1 & s def9ition 0 =c$ ^u ! ,*ur*4 ,! g]m ( su* def9itions is f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 ! deep] ,*ri/ological tea*+ ( ! ,epi/les to ! ,ephesians & to ! ,colossians1 & ( ! prologue ( ,s4 ,john are in/ances ( su* intellectual analysis & =mulation1 & 7 evid5tly writt5 9 ! face ( controv]sy4 ,! te*nical decisions ( ! great c\ncils ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies & _! expression 9 ! ,nic5e & ',a?anasian' ,cre$s are ! outcome ( ! same t5d5cy4 ,yet ev5 9 !m1 ! ,*ur* acts1 9 a s5se1 z a witness2 ! ,scriptures are appeal$ to z ! ultimate au?ority2 ! ,cre$ is ! summ>y ( its *ief doctr9es3 ! "o aim is to secure & express ! tru? witness$ to by *ur*es ?r\gh\t ! _w1 to elim9ate novelty & caprice2 ! new def9itions are accept$1 because !y alone are felt to express ! in/9ct ( ! ,*ur*'s wor%ip4 ,by ?is "t ! canon ( ,holy ,scripture 0 fix$4 ,x becomes !nce=? an undy+ f\nta9 ( life f :i* ! wat] ( pure doctr9e c be drawn4 ,tradition & developm5t c always be *eck$ by t4 ,9 ! tru?s !n :i* ! ,*ur* tea*es we may di/+ui% two classes4 ,fir/1 !re are ! c5tral tru?s to :i* x be>s absolute witness2 su* z ! ,fa!rhood ( ,god1 ! ,p]son & "w ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ! ,r$emption ( all mank9d1 ! orig9 & purpose ( human life4 ,^! x tea*es au?oritatively4 ,its conduct is exactly analog\s to t ( a p>5t tea*+ ! moral law to 8 *ildr52 tea*+ ! comm&m5ts au?oritatively at fir/1 till ! *ild c be educat$ to und]/& ! reason ( !m4 ,s ! ,*ur* says to h] *ildr51 or to ^? :o are seek+ aft] tru? '!re is an absolute tru? 9 religion z well z 9 morality3 we h te/$ x2 g5]ations ( ! sa9ts h f\nd x true4 ,x is a tru? indep5d5t ( individual tea*]s2 indep5d5t ( ! %ift+ moods ( op9ion at any p>ticul> p]iod2 & y mu/ accept x on our au?ority fir/4 ,fur!r1 ^! are tru?s :i* affect life1 !re=e !y _c be appreh5d$ m]ely by ! intellect4 ,y mu/ commit y\rself to !m2 act ^u !m2 !re is a "t :5 ! seek] aft] tru? sees :]e x lies2 !n x mu/ cease to be an op5 "q4 ,y mu/ seek till y f9d1 b :5 y h once f\nd tru?1 y mu/ commit y\rself to x#ceh4 ,y mu/ believe t y may und]/&2 b x is t y may und]/&4' ,! dogma is au?oritatively taught1 t ! individual may be kept safe f m]e individual caprice & fancifulness1 b also t he himself may come to a rational und]/&+ ( 8 belief4 ,no d\bt ! tru? is s wide t to ! end ( our lives we %all /ill feel ! ne$ ( guidance & ( tea*+4 ',z long z we live1' said ,calv91 'our weakness w n all[ u to be dis*>g$ f s*ool4' ,l ,s4 ,ignatius on 8 way to m>tyrdom1 ! ,*ri/ian may feel at 8 dy+ day1 ',n[ ,i beg9 to be a disciple2' b ! aim ( ! ,*ur* is to make ea* memb] h a rational hold ^u 8 fai?4 ,:5 we are "y we accept a doctr9e because ! ,*ur* tea*es x to u2 :5 we are gr[n up1 we love ! ,*ur* because x taught u ! doctr9e4 ',! ,*ur*man nev] surr5d]s 8 individual responsibility4 ,b he may & mu/ surr5d] "s portion at lea/ ( 8 indep5d5ce1 & he b5efits greatly by ! surr5d]#cei4' ',submission to ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur* is ! m]g+ ( our m]e individualism 9 ! :ole hi/oric life ( ! great ,*ri/ian bro!rhood2 x is mak+ ourselves at "o ) ! "o religion 9 its mo/ p]man5t & lea/ m]ely local =m4 ,x is surr5d]+ our individuality only to empty x ( its n>r[ness#cfj4' ,secondly1 !re are o!r tru?s1 :i* are r d$uctions f ^! c5tral po9ts or /atem5ts ( !m 9 accordance ) ! ne$s ( ! age2 su* z ! mode ( ! relation ( ! ,div9e & human natures 9 ,*ri/1 ( free-w to pr$e/9ation1 or ! me?od ( ! ,atonem5t1 or ! nature ( ! ,inspiration ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,if1 9 any case1 a po9t ( ?is k9d has consci\sly come be=e ! :ole ,*ur* & be5 reason$ out & be5 decid$ ^u1 su* a decision raises x into ! high] class ( tru?s1 :i* are taught au?oritatively2 b if ?is is n s1 ! matt] rema9s an op5 "q4 ,x rema9s a "q = ! !ologians2 x is n impos$ on individual ,*ri/ians2 ?\gh x may at any "t become ripe = decision4 ,! v fixity ( ! great c5tral doctr9es all[s ! ,*ur* to give a rem>kable fre$om to individual op9ion on all o!r po9ts4 ,practically1 h[ mu* wid] is ! summ>y ( ! rule ( fai? z giv5 9 ,ir5aeus 7,,iii4 #d71 or ,t]tullian 7,praescr4 #ac71 or ,orig5 7,de ,pr9cipiis71 or 9 ! ,apo/les' or ,nic5e ,cre$1 ?an ! te/s ( or?odoxy t w\ld be impos$ 9 a mod]n religi\s1 or sci5tific circle6 ,s4 ,v9c5t ( ,l]9s is ! great *ampion ( antiquity z ! te/ ( tru?2 yet he :o lays x d[n t 'to decl>e any new tru? to ,ca?olic ,*ri/ians ov] & above t :i* !y h receiv$ nev] 0 all[$1 n[h]e is all[$1 & nev] w be all[$1' also insi/s on ! duty ( developm5t1 ( gr[?1 )9 ! true l9es ( ! c5tral tru?s4 ',is !re1' he assumes an objector to urge1 'to be no gr[? )9 ! ,*ur*8 ,nay1 let !re be gr[? to ! greate/ ext5t2 :o w\ld be s grudg+ to man1 su* an enemy to ,god1 z to attempt to prev5t x2 b yet let x be su* t x be gr[?1 n *ange ( ! fai?4444 ,z "t goes on1 x is "r t ! old tru?s %\ld be elaborat$1 poli%$1 fil$ d[n2 x is wrong t !y %\ld be *ang$1 maim$ or mutilat$4 ,!y %\ld be made cle>1 h light ?r[n on !m1 be m>k$ (f f ea* o!r2 b !y mu/ n lose _! fulness1 _! entirety1 _! ess5tial "*#cfa4 ,s x has happ5$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! ,*ri/ian hi/ory2 doctr9es l t ( ! ,atonem5t h be5 re/at$ afre% to meet ! ne$s ( ! age4 ,s x is happ5+ /ill2 doctr9es l t ( ! me?od ( creation or ( ! limits ( inspiration are /ill be=e ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,*ur* is sl[ to decide1 to =mulate3 x /&s aside1 x reit]ates its c5tral tru?s1 x says t :atev] claims to be discov]$ mu/ ultimately fit 9 ) ! c5tral tru?s2 creation mu/ rema9 ,god's "w2 ! ,bible mu/ rema9 ,god's revelation ( ,himself2 b = a "t x is cont5t to wait1 loyal to fact f :atev] side x comes2 confid5t alike 9 ! _m-sid$ness & 9 ! unity ( tru?4 ,:ile he accepts & :ile he se>*es1 ! ,*ur*man c enjoy alike ! inquiry ( tru? :i* is ! love-mak+ or woo+ ( x1 ! k ( tru? :i* is ! pres5ce ( x1 & ! belief ( tru? :i* is ! enjoy+ ( x1 & all ^! toge!r1 says ,"l ,bacon1 are ! sov]eign good ( human nature#cfb4 ,?us f> we h 9 ?is "p consid]$ ! ,*ur*'s function ) reg>d to tru? f ! po9t ( view ( ^? :om x has to tea*4 ,its function is no less important f ! po9t ( view ( ! tru? itself4 ,z spiritual life is a t5d] plant t ne$s c>e & tra9+2 s spiritual tru? is a preci\s gem1 t may easily be lo/ & !re=e ne$s c>eful gu>d+4 ',! gem requires a casket1 ! casket a keep]4' ,tru? is inde$ great & w prevail1 b n ap>t f ! action ( m53 n unless !re are ^? :o believe 9 x1 take pa9s ab\t x & propagate x4 ,?is is ! case ev5 ) sci5tific tru?s2 =tiori !re=e1 ) moral & religi\s tru?s :i* affect life & ne$ to be translat$ into life be=e !y c be really und]/ood4 ,! comp>ative /udy ( religions is %ew+ u m & m h[ mu* ( deep spiritual tru? !re is 9 hea!n religions1 b x is %ew+ u equally h[ little p[] ?is tru? _h to hold its own1 h[ x 0 ov]laid1 cru%$ out1 /ifl$4 ,! tru? ( ! unity ( ,god und]lies mu* ( ! poly!ism ( ,india1 ,greece1 & ,rome2 b x is only ! philosoph] & ! s*ol> t c f9d x !re4 ,x is only 9 ! ,jewi% ,*ur*1 ! nation :i* /ood alone f o!r nations z a witness to ! tru?1 t x reta9$ its hold z a p]man5t =ce4 ,! ,fa!rhood ( ,god is impli$ 9 ! v names & titles ( mo/ ( ! *ief hea!n gods2 b :at a diff]5ce 9 its mean+ & =ce s9ce ! "t ( ,jesus ,*ri/6 ,x is n only t ,he exp&$ & deep5$ its mean+1 s t x impli$ ! fa!rhood ( all m5 alike1 & a communication ( a spiritual nature to all2 x is also1 & mu* m1 t ,he committ$ ! tru? z a sacr$ deposit to a ,*ur*1 ea* memb] ( :i* aim$ at %ew+ himself z ! son ( a p]fect ,fa!r1 & :i* witness$ to ! univ]sal ,fa!rhood by ! fact ( an univ]sal bro!rhood4 ,! v tru?s ( natural religion1 :i* hea!nism t5d$ to degrade1 f\nd a safe home )9 ! ,*ur*2 ! k ( ! ,creator1 ,8 et]nal p[] & ,godhead1 :i* ! nations _h kn[n b lo/1 because !y glorifi$ ,him n z ,god1 nei!r 7 ?ankful1 has be5 kept alive 9 ! ,eu*>i/ic s]vices ( ! ,*ur*1 repeat+ ?r\gh ! ages its praise ( ! ,creator3 ',we praise ,!e1 we bless ,!e1 we wor%ip ,!e1 we give ?anks to ,!e1 = ,?y great glory1 ,o ,"l ,god1 heav5ly ,k+1 ,god ! ,fa!r ,almighty4' ,,iii4 ,we pass naturally to ! ?ird po9t3 ! ,*ur* is ! home ( wor%ip4 ,x is ! ,temple ( ! ,"l4 ,z a tea*+ body1 x _h c>ri$ on & spiritualiz$ ! "w ( ! ,jewi% ,synagogue3 x also took up & spiritualiz$ ! conceptions ( pray] & praise & sacrifice :i* clu/]$ r\nd ! ,jewi% ,temple4 ,! ,body ( ,*ri/ 0 to take ! place ( ! ,temple :5 ! ,jews de/roy$ x#cfc4 ,& "h1 z 9 all o!r respects1 ! body is ! organ & repres5tative ( ! ris5 ,"l4 ,he1 :5 on e>?1 _h be5 a prie/ 9 ! deepe/ s5se ( ! ^w3 ,he1 z ! repres5tative ( ! ,fa!r1 _h m$iat$ ! ,fa!r's bless+s to man3 ,he1 z "o ) man1 _h become a m]ciful & fai?ful high-prie/ = man2 ,he _h (f]$ ,8 :ole life to ,god = ! s]vice ( man2 ,he _h by ! (f]+ ( ,8 pure w made purification ( s9s3 ,he lives /ill1 a prie/ = ev]1 plead+1 int]c$+ = mank9d4 ,& s ! ,*ur*1 ,8 body1 c>ries on ?is prie/ly "w on e>?4 ',sac]dotalism1 prie/l9ess1 is ! prime elem5t ( h] be+#cfd4' ,%e is ! s\rce ( bless+ to mank9d2 %e pleads & int]c$es & gives h]self = all mank9d4 ,*ri/ians1 z a body1 are 'a royal prie/hood4' ,*ri/ made !m 'prie/s unto ,8 ,god & ,fa!r1' !y c 'ent] 9 into ! holy place1' l prie/s1 ') he>ts spr9kl$ f an evil consci5ce & bodies wa%$ ) pure wat]4' ,!y are '! g5u9e high-prie/ly race ( ,god3' 'e righte\s man ranks z a prie/3' 'to ! :ole ,*ur* is a prie/hood giv5#cfe4' ,?is prie/hood is ex]cis$ ?r\gh\t life1 z ea* ,*ri/ian gives 8 life to ,god's s]vice1 & ! :ole ,*ur* devotes itself = ! good ( ! :ole _w4 ,b x f9ds its expression 9 wor%ip1 = wor%ip is ! ,godw>d aspect ( life4 ,x expresses1 x emphasizes1 x helps to make p]man5t ! feel+s t m\ld life4 ,x is ! recognition t our life comes f ,god3 t x has be5 r$eem$ by ,god2 x is ! quiet joy\s re/+ ^u ! facts ( ,8 love2 x is ! consci\s spiritual (f]+ ( our life to ,god2 x is ! adoration ( ,8 maje/y4 ,?is wor%ip ! ,*ur* leads & organizes4 ',9 ! ,*ur* & 9 ,*ri/ ,jesus' is to be giv5 '! glory to ,god unto all g5]ations = ev] & ev]4' ,9 ! ,apocalypse1 x is pictur$ z prais+ ,god alike = ,8 "w 9 ,creation & 9 ,r$emption4 ,9 ! ,eu*>i/ ! ,*ur* %ews =? ! ,"l's ,dea? till ,he come#cff4 ,h5ce ?is act ( ,eu*>i/ic wor%ip1 above all o!rs1 has become ! c5tre ( unity4 ,9 x ! ,*ur* has (f]$ its be/ to ,god3 all ! m ext]nal gifts ( art1 su* z ar*itecture1 pa9t+1 & music1 h be5 consecrat$ 9 wor%ip3 b deep] /ill1 9 x ea* ,*ri/ian has tak5 up 8 own life1 8 body & s\l1 & (f]$ x z a holy1 lively1 & reasonable sacrifice unto ,god1 a s]vice 9 _s & 9 tru?3 & deep] /ill1 he recognises t 8 life does n /& alone2 ?r\gh ! common ties ( humanity 9 ,*ri/ he is l9k$ on by a /range solid>ity ) all mank9d2 8 life dep5ds on !irs & !irs on 81 & s he (f]s x n = himself only b = all2 9 ! p[] ( ,*ri/ he int]c$es = all mank9d3 & deep] /ill1 he feels 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,hol9ess ( ,god h[ unwor?y 8 own (f]+ & 8 own pray]s are1 & he pleads1 he recalls be=e ! ,fa!r1 z ! s\rce ( 8 own hope & 8 own p[] ( self-sacrifice1 ! "o complete (f]+ made = all mank9d4 ,s ! ,*ur* p]=ms its univ]sal prie/hood#cfg2 s x leads a wor%ip1 bright1 joy\s1 amid/ all ! trials & p]plexities ( ! _w1 = x tells ( suff]+ vanqui%$2 simple 9 its ess5ce1 s t poor z well z ri* c rally r\nd x2 yet deep & pr(\nd 9 its my/]ies1 s t ! mo/ intellectual _c fa?om x4 ,x is an univ]sal prie/hood1 = x ne$s ! consecration ( e life3 & yet ?is function too ( ! ,*ur* naturally has its organs1 ^: task x is to make its (f]+s & to /& be=e x z ! types ( self-consecration4 ,! ,*ur* has f ! fir/ special p]sons :o p]=m its liturgy1 its public m9i/]+ to ! ,"l#cfh4 ,x is 9 connection ) wor%ip1 & ! meet+s ( ! ,*ur* t ,s4 ,paul emphasizes ! ne$ ( unity & subord9ation1 & dwells ^u ,god's special sett+ ( ,apo/les1 ,prophets & ,tea*]s 9 ! ,*ur*#cfi4 ,! ,epi/le ( ,clem5t to ! ,cor9?ians may be op5 to difficult que/ions ( int]pretation 9 its language ab\t ! m9i/ry1 b ?is at lea/ is cle> t ord] & subord9ation are treat$ z ! necess>y outcome ( love1 :i* is ( ! ess5ce ( ! ,*ur*2 t ?is ord] & subord9ation is specially ne$$ 9 all details ( wor%ip2 t x _h be5 s 9 ,judaism1 & mu/ be s1 =tiori1 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 t z ,*ri/ came f ,god1 s ! ,apo/les f ,*ri/1 & _! successors f !m2 & !re=e x mu/ be wrong to ?r[ (f subord9ation to ^? :o 7 s appo9t$ & :o h blamelessly (f]$ ! gifts#cgj4 ',! ,*ur*1' said ,s4 ,augu/9e1 'f ! "t ( ! ,apo/les1 ?r\gh mo/ und\bt$ succession ( ! bi%ops1 p]sev]es till ! pres5t mom5t1 & (f]s to ,god 9 ! ,body ( ,*ri/ ! sacrifice ( praise#cga4' ,z ! tea*+ function ( ! :ole ,*ur* does n militate aga9/ ! special ord] ( tea*]s1 s ! prie/ly function ( ! :ole does n militate aga9/ a special ord] ( prie/s4 ,we _c speak ( ^? :o are orda9$ z 'go+ into ! ,*ur*'--& x is h>d to e/imate ! h>m done by t fatal phrase--= t implies t ! laity are n ( ! ,*ur*1 b we c call !m prie/s 9 a special s5se2 = !y give !mselves up 9 a deep] way to ! s]vice ( ,god2 !y are specially tra9$ & purifi$ = ,8 s]vice2 !y are put z repres5tatives ( ! :ole ,*ur* 9 a way 9 :i* no o!r is1 able to "k & to sympa?ize ) its wants1 its joys1 its fail+s2 able !re=e to int]c$e = x ) ,god & to br+ ,8 bless+s to x4 ,z ! ,*ur* /&s 9 relation to ! _w1 s !y /& to ! ,*ur*2 !y fill up t :i* is lack+ ( ! afflictions ( ,*ri/ 9 _! fle% = ,8 body's sake :i* is ! ,*ur*1 :]e( !y are made m9i/]s2 !y convey spiritual gifts & b5$iction to ! ,*ur*4 ,to complete ! conception ( ! ,*ur*1 x w\ld be necess>y to add ! ?\ght ( ! ,*ur* expectant & triumphant1 ! pres5ce ( ! bless$ dead4 ,= !y too /r5g!n & complete ea* aspect ( ! ,*ur*'s "w4 ,! great cl\d ( witnesses1 ! h]oes ( fai?1 :o wat* _! bre?r5 on e>?1 !y1 by _! example1 aid ! spiritual life & /r5g!n u to lay aside e weight & ! s9 t do? s easily beset u3 _! virtues reflect p>ts ( ! manifold glory ( ! ,son ( ,man4 ,) _! heirs noblesse oblige2 ea* ,*ri/ian born ( su* ance/ry is able to be l ! ,a!nian ,lycurgus1 indep5d5t ( ! _w1 bold & outspok51 because ( 8 noble bir?#cgb4 ,! record ( _! writ+s /r5g!ns ! witness to ! fai? once deliv]$ to ! sa9ts1 & b9ds u to loyalty to t :i* has /ood ! te/ ( ages4 ,!y1 '! g5]al assembly & *ur* ( ! fir/born enroll$ 9 heav51' !mselves1 we believe1 wor%ip ,god ) a pur] wor%ip ?an ours2 ! ?\ght ( _! pres5ce 9 wor%ip1 z we jo9 ) angels & ar*angels & all ! company ( heav51 lifts our he>ts to a wid]1 m spiritual adoration4 ,b = our pres5t purpose x is ) ! ,*ur* militant we h to deal3 ! ,*ur* on e>?1 ! visible organ ( ! ris5 ,"l1 ! organ ( r$emption1 ( revelation1 ( wor%ip2 ! *ief in/rum5t design$ by ! ,"l = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! k+dom ( ,heav5 ^u e>?4 ,t is our ideal ( x4 ,b :at ( ! reality8 ( ! hi/orical facts8 ,has n ! ,*ur* cru%$ out individual life & fre$om8 has x n ?r[n its %ield ov] laxity8 has x n repress$ zeal & s driv5 piety into noncon=mity8 has x n tri$ to *eck sci5tific tru? & condemn$ a ,galileo8 has x n made wor%ip a matt] ( =m & r$uc$ x to ext]nalism8 ,s its oppon5ts ask1 & its def5d]s admit t !re is mu* ( tru? 9 ^! *>ges4 ,!y admit t x has look$ v diff]5t f its ideal4 ',x has look$ l an obscure & unpopul> sect2 x has look$ l a wond]ful human in/itution vy+ ) ! greate/ 9 age & p[]2 x has look$ l a great usurpation2 x has look$ l an ov]gr[n & worn-out sy/em2 x has be5 obscur$ by ! outw>d accid5ts ( spl5d\r or disa/]2 x has be5 enri*$1 x has be5 plund]$2 at "o "t ?ron$ above emp]ors1 at ano!r "u ! heel ( ! vile/2 x has be5 di%on\r$ by ! crimes ( its gov]nors1 by truckl+ to ! _w1 by ! idolatry ( p[]1 by gre$ & selfi%ness1 by _! unbelief 9 _! own mission1 by ! deep /a9 ( pr(ligacy1 by ! deep /a9 ( blood#cgc4' ,! ,*ur* has1 inde$1 _m confessions to make1 ( its failure to be true to its ideal4 ,b !re are sev]al consid]ations :i* mu/ be borne 9 m9d :5 we pass judgm5t ^u x4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x 0 committ$ to human h&s1 '! treasure is 9 e>!n vessels2' & :ile x ga9s ?us 9 reality1 9 human sympa?y1 9 t\*+ ! facts ( ev]yday life1 x is expos$ to all ! risks ( imp]fection1 mi/ake1 p]v]sion4 ,b fur!r1 z ,s4 ,augu/9e said1 we /ill c say1 ',non adhuc regnat hoc regnum4' ,! ,*ur* has nev] _h free play2 x has nev] be5 9 a position to c>ry out its ideal4 ,at fir/1 a p]secut$ sect1 x _h n ! p[]2 !n1 :5 x became e/abli%$ & ga9$ ! p[]1 !re bur/ into x an influx ( half-,*ri/ianiz$ conv]ts :o l[]$ its moral level or misund]/ood its doctr9es2 !n1 ) ! break up ( ! ,roman ,empire1 x _h to tame & civilize ! new races ( ,europe2 & f9ally1 ! divisions ( ! ,re=mation h weak5$ its witness 9 ! _w4 ,b1 m important /ill1 ! v greatness ( ! ideal has caus$ ! difficulty ( its realization1 & has expos$ itself to c>icature & to "o-sid$ness4 ,! ri*]1 ! m _m-sid$1 ! m complete an ideal is1 ! less possible is x = any "o g5]ation to express x completely1 ! m likely is x t "o side ( tru? w be press$ to ! exclusion ( "s1 if n ( all ! re/4 ,?is may be te/$ 9 ea* ( ! po9ts :i* we h consid]$4 ,! ,*ur* is an organization = spiritual life1 = hol9ess4 ,x makes ! bold claim to be ! society ( sa9ts2 b at once !re arises ! conflict betwe5 ! ideal & ! actual /ate ( m54 ,press ! ideal1 & y w n>r[ ! ,*ur* to ^? :o are ext]nally lead+ good lives or :o are consci\s ( conv]sion to ,*ri/4 ,?is 0 ! l9e tak5 by ! ,novatians1 by ! ,donati/s1 by ! ,puritans1 by ! ,bapti/s1 & ! ,*ur* 0 !reby n>r[$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 dwell only on ! actual /ate1 ! weakness1 ! failures ( human nature1 & y acquiesce 9 a l[ level ( morality4 ,! ,*ur* aims at be+ true to bo?2 x w n exclude any f its embrace :o are will+ to submit to its laws2 x takes *ildr5 & tra9s !m2 x takes ! imp]fect & discipl9es !m2 x rejects none1 save su* z rejoice 9 _! iniquity & delib]ately refuse to submit to discipl9e4 ,b aga91 ?is sugge/s ano!r class ( difficulties1 all ^? :i* are associat$ ) ! relation ( ! individual to ! society1 difficulties :i* are p>allel to ! difficulties 9 politics1 :i* are n yet solv$ !re1 & :i* are always ne$+ readju/m5t4 ,"h aga9 x is possible to ov]press ei!r side3 ! claims ( ! society may be urg$ to ! detrim5t ( ! individual1 ! c5tral organization may cru% out national life & give no scope = individual developm5t1 & s !re arises ! imp]ial absolutism ( ! m$iaeval ,*ur*4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is equally possible to exagg]ate ! claims ( individualism1 ( indep5d5ce1 ( fre$om1 & ! result is division & disa/] to ! :ole society2 ! individual is only anxi\s to save 8 own s\l1 & religion is claim$ to be only a ?+ betwe5 a man & 8 ,god2 common ,*ur* life becomes impossible1 & ! witness ( ! ,*ur* to ! _w1 & !reby its p[] = mission>y "w1 becomes weak5$4 ,z be=e1 ! ,*ur* ideal /rives to comb9e bo? sides ( ! tru?4 ,x values1 x insi/s on1 ! rights ( ea* individual s\l2 its mission is to convey ! ,_s to x1 t is to say1 to wak5 x up to a consci\sness ( its own individual relation to ,god1 its own p]sonal responsibility 9 ,god's sight2 x does bid ea* individual save 8 own s\l4 ,b x keeps also be=e him ! claims ( ! society2 x says to him t 9 sav+ 8 s\l he mu/ lose x 9 s]vice = o!rs2 :5 8 s\l is sav$1 x mu/ be us$ = active s]vice ) o!rs 9 jo9t "w4 ,x does say t ! society is m important = ! _w ?an any "o individual memb] ( x1 & t ea* individual gets real /r5g? :5 he speaks & acts n = himself b z repres5t+ ! society beh9d him4 ,x is possible to ?9k ( ! ,*ur* z an organization exi/+ = ! spiritual good ( ! individual2 b x is possible also1 & x is a deep] view1 to ?9k ( ! individual z exi/+ = ! good ( ! ,*ur*1 l a s+] tra9+ himself n to display 8 own voice b to /r5g!n ! g5]al effect ( ! :ole *oir4 ,t is ! ideal ( ! ,*ur*1 a body :i* quick5s ! individual into full consci\s life1 t ! individual may devote 8 life to ! s]vice ( ! :ole4 ,its life is l t ( a great mov+ flight ( birds1 ea* ) its own life1 yet sway+ & ris+ & turn+ z by a common impulse1 ,_! jubilant activity evolves ,hundr$s ( curves & circlets1 to & fro1 ,upw>ds & d[nw>ds2 progress intricate ,yet unp]plex$1 z if "o _s sway$ ,_! indefatigable flight#cgd4 ,! ,*ur*1 aga91 is ! tea*] ( tru?2 b 9 ! acquisition ( tru? !re are always two elem5ts4 ,!re are ! fix$ facts ( life1 ) :i* !ory deals1 & ! accumulation ( pa/ ?\ght ^u ! facts2 !re is also ! creative _s :i* plays ^u ^!1 :i* re-adapts1 comb9es1 discov]s4 ,! tea*] ( any sci5ce has to convey to 8 pupil ! accumulat$ !ories ( ! pa/ & to quick5 9 him fre% p[] ( ?9k+3 he speaks fir/ ) au?ority1 ?\gh ( c\rse ) assurance t 8 au?ority is rational1 & t ! pupil w und]/& x ultimately4 ,! tea*] ( morality1 ! p>5t1 tea*es ev5 m /rongly ) au?ority1 ?\gh he too tru/s t ! *ild w ultimately accept ! law on rational gr\nds4 ,! pupil ne$s at once a receptive & a critical faculty4 ,! abs5ce or exagg]ation ( ei!r is equally fatal4 ,"h aga9 ! ,*ur* ideal tries to comb9e bo? sides & to insi/ ^u ! real unity ( all tru?1 & ?is makes its task s difficult4 ,at times ! :ole /ress has be5 laid on ! p]man5t elem5ts 9 ! fai?1 & ! result has be51 z (t5 9 ! ,ori5tal ,*ur*1 a t5d5cy to intellectual /agnation3 at o!r times ! pres5t speak+ voice ( ! ,*ur* has be5 emphasiz$1 & any !ory has be5 ha/ily adopt$ z absolutely true1 )\t due consid]ation ( its relation to o!r tru?s4 ,at times au?ority has be5 ov]-emphasiz$1 & ! acceptance ( dogma has seem$ to be made ! equival5t ( a liv+ tru/ 9 a p]sonal ,god3 at o!rs ! duty ( individual se>* aft] tru?1 ( individual conviction has be5 press$2 ! traditions ( ! pa/ h be5 ignor$2 no?+ has be5 ( value except t :i* has comm5d$ itself to ! individual reason1 & ! result has be5 confusion1 unc]ta9ty1 ! d5ial ( ! greatness & ! my/]y & ! wid? ( tru?1 & too (t5 a moral & spiritual p>alysis4 ,mean:ile ! ,*ur* has tri$ to hold to bo? sides3 x has insi/$ on ! ultimate unity ( all k3 />t+ f ! axiom t ,"o is our tea*]1 ev5 ,*ri/1 & believ+ t all tru? comes f ,8 inspiration z ! ,^w ( ,god1 x has refus$ to acquiesce 9 intellectual contradiction2 x has ev] held1 ) ,k+ ,le>1 't ay & no too is no good div9ity4' ,! tru?s ( philosophy & religion mu/ be "o3 ! tru?s ( sci5ce & religion mu/ be "o#cge4 ,9 ! desire to see ?is1 ! ,*ur* has be5 ha/y1 x has reject$ sci5tific tru?1 because x did n fall 9 ) its int]pretation ( ! ,bible4 ,x has made its mi/akes1 b x has done s out ( a noble pr9ciple4 ,x w\ld be easy to ga9 consi/5cy by sacrific+ ei!r side2 x is h>d to comb9e ! two3 & ?is is :at ! ,*ur* has tri$ to d3 x has upheld ! belief ( ! ultimate syn!sis ( all k4 ,9 exactly ! same way1 ! sects h (t5 ga9$ =ce1 popul>ity1 effectiv5ess = ! mom5t by ! emphasis laid on "s "o tru?2 ! ,*ur* has ga9$ /r5g?1 solidity1 p]man5ce1 by its witness to ! :ole body ( tru?4 ,! same t5d5cy may be %ortly illu/rat$ ) reg>d to ! function ( wor%ip4 ,t too is a complex act2 9 t !re %\ld be ! free consci\s act ( ! individual1 wor%ipp+ 9 _s & 9 tru? a ,god :om he kn[s z a p]sonal ,god2 b cle>ly ?is is n all2 ! :ole society mu/ express its corporate life 9 corporate wor%ip4 ,its influ5ce is some?+ ov] & above ! influ5ce ( its individual memb]s1 & t influ5ce mu/ be ex]cis$ on ! side ( ,god2 x mu/ be recognis$ z com+ f ,god2 x mu/ be solemnly consecrat$ to ,god's s]vice4 ,! society has a "r !n to call ^u its individual memb]s to jo9 9 ?is corporate action4 ,on ! "o h& lies ! dang] ( ! ov]pressure ( ! society1 :]e ! s]vice ( ! individual is unwill+ or apa!tic3 on ! o!r h& ! dang] ( individualism & sect>ianism1 9 :i* ! :ole conception ( public wor%ip is l[]$ & ! individual is nev] tra9$ 9 religi\s matt]s to feel ! k9dl+ p[] ( a common en?usiasm1 to be lift$ above himself 9 ! wave ( a common joy4 ,! ,*ur* has aim$ at comb9+ bo?2 by ! insi/ance on confession & absolution x has tri$ to tra9 ! individual to a s5se ( p]sonal p5it5ce & p]sonal gratitude3 b ^! h only prep>$ him to %>e 9 ! common wor%ip ( ! society4 ,b ! ,*ur* has _h to d ev5 m ?an ?is4 ,n only has x aim$ at keep+ 9 due proportion ! conflict+ elem5ts 9 life1 9 tru?1 & 9 wor%ip2 x has also _h to keep alive ! ?ree sides at once1 & to keep !m 9 _! true relation to ea* o!r4 ,to be at "o & ! same "t ! home ( life & tru? & wor%ip1 ?is belongs to its ideal & ?is adds new difficulties4 ,sometimes "o elem5t has prepond]at$1 sometimes ano!r3 b its aim is always to pres]ve ! ?ree4 ,x has hi/orically pres]v$ ! syn!sis ( ! ?ree m ?an any o!r ,*ri/ian body4 ,x has mov$ ?r\gh ! ages do+ its "w1 h[ev] imp]fectly4 ,x has kept hi/oric cont9uity ) ! pa/3 x has discipl9$ life & rais$ ! /&>d ( morality & unit$ ! nations ( ! _w4 ,x has be5 a witness to a spiritual _w1 to ! fact t m5 h int]e/s above mat]ial ?+s1 & t ^! deep] spiritual int]e/s c comb9e !m ) ! /ronge/ l9ks4 ,x has gone out z a ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 kn[+ t x conta9s 9 its message tru?s t c w9 _! way to e nation2 & !re=e x has nev] ceas$ to be a ,mission>y ,*ur*1 z x ne$s t ea* nation %\ld draw out into prom95ce "s aspect ( its tru?1 & reveal 9 life "s side ( its virtue4 ,x has en%r9$1 protect$1 witness$ to ! tru?2 bo? z an 'au?oritative republication ( natural religion1' keep+ alive ! k ( ,god1 & ( ,8 moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w#cgf1 & z a revelation ( r$emption4 ,x has drawn up ! canon ( ,holy ,scripture & =mulat$ its ,cre$s3 x /ill witnesses to ! unity ( k3 x has held up be=e ! _w an ideal ( wor%ip1 at once social & individual4 ,its tru?s h inde$ spread beyond itself1 s t m5 f9d !m n[ 9 bodies oppos$ to x2 & !re=e are p]plex$ & d n "k :]e _! allegiance is really due4 ,x has inde$ be5 itself (t5 untrue to its mission2 b ev] & aga9 x has re-ass]t$ itself ) a /range recup]ative p[]1 =1 z ! f\nta9 ( its life1 !re is ev] ! p[] ( ! ,holy ,_s1 s5t by ! ris5 ,"l2 to *eck tempor>y failures or accretions ( tea*+s1 !re has be5 ! p]petual re-appeal to ,holy ,scripture & ! ,cre$s2 to control idiosyncrasies ( wor%ip1 !re has be5 ! p]man5t elem5t ( its ,liturgies4 ,its v failures h come f its inh]5t greatness2 !y are ! pro( ( great capacities1 ! om5 ( a great] future4 ,l ,s4 ,paul1 x holds on its way 'by glory & di%on\r1 by evil report & good report1 z deceiv+ & yet true1 z unkn[n & yet well-kn[n2 z dy+ & behold x lives2 z *a/5$ & n kill$2 z sorr[ful yet always rejoic+2 z poor & yet mak+ _m ri*2 z hav+ no?+ & yet possess+ all ?+s4' ,does ! _w ne$ ! witness ( ! ,*ur*'s life less n[ ?an 9 pa/ ages8 ,less8 nay1 = _m reasons m4 ,! wid5+ opportunities ( int]c\rse are op5+ up new nations1 ^: exi/5ce _h only be5 suspect$ be=e2 !y are br++ ! v>i\s p>ts ( human k9d into a clos] t\* ) ea* o!r4 ,! problems ( civilization are m complex2 & ! m complicat$ a piece ( ma*9]y is1 ! m difficult x is to keep x 9 ord]2 s small a defect may ?r[ ! :ole out ( ge>4 ,! wid] our k ( humanity1 ! great] ne$ ( a ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :i* %all raise its voice above ! d9 ( conque/ & ! bu/le ( comm]ce1 & insi/ t all races %all be treat$ ) ju/ice & t5d]ness z made ( "o blood2 :i* %all welcome all m5 freely into its own bro!rhood1 & convey+ to !m ! gifts ( ! ,_s1 %all help !m to %ew =? 9 _! lives fre% beauties ( ! ri*ly-v>iegat$ wisdom ( ,god4 ,! gr[? ( our huge t[ns1 ':]e numb]s ov]:elm humanity1' & ! accumulation ( weal? br+ ! dang] ne>] home3 amid/ social upheav+s & ! /riv+ ( class ) class1 !re is ne$ ( a ,*ur* to rise above ri* & poor alike1 :i* %all embrace bo?2 :i* %all tea* bo? a real visible bro!rhood amid all ext]nal inequalities2 :i* %all tea* ! poor ! dignity ( lab\r wr\ght = ! good ( ! :ole society1 & tea* ! ri* ! duty & ! bless+ ( ! consecration ( _! weal?4 ,) ! wid] use ( ma*9]y & ! re/less ru% ( money-gett+1 x is important t !re %\ld be ! appeal ( ! ,*ur* t no man or woman %all be degrad$ into be+ a m]e ma*9e2 because ea* is a liv+ s\l1 capable ( p]sonal responsibility1 capable ( a pure life1 capable ( a k ( ,god4 ,amid ! increas+ specialization ( /udies1 amid all ! new discov]ies ( sci5ce & hi/orical criticism1 ) all ! p]plexities t arise z to ! int]pretation & inspiration ( ! ,bible1 n[1 if ev]1 !re is ne$ ( a ,*ur*1 :i* consci\s ( its own spiritual life1 kn[+ t its spiritual tru?s h /ood ! te/ ( c5turies1 has pati5ce & c\rage to face all ^! new facts & see _! be>+ & take _! measure2 :i* all ! :ile %all g on tea*+ to its *ildr5 ) an absolute b rational au?ority ! c5tral facts ( ! spiritual life1 & %all nev] d\bt ! ultimate unity ( all tru?4 ,amid ! unc]ta9ties ( individualism1 ! fanta/ic s]vices ( ^? :o t5d to r$uce wor%ip to a m]e matt] ( emotion1 amid ! sorr[s & p]plexities ( mod]n life1 ! _w ne$s ! witness ( a rational & corporate wor%ip1 :i* recognises ! deepe/ suff]+s ( human nature en%r9$ 9 its v he>t1 yet recognises also ! way 9 :i* suff]+ :5 accept$ freely1 is bless$ ( ,god2 :i* wor%ips at once a crucifi$ & a ris5 ,"l4 ,ov] aga9/ ! divisions ( race & cont95t ! ,*ur* raises /ill its witness to ! possibility ( an univ]sal bro!rhood3 ov] aga9/ despair & disp]sion x speaks ( fai? & ! unity ( k3 ov] aga9/ pessimism x lifts up a p]petual ,eu*>i/4 #ccc ,! ,dean ( ,s4 ,paul's on ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,ox=d ,h\se ,pap]s1 ,no4 xvii4 :]e ?is tru? is excell5tly work$ out & appli$ to ! ,*ur*4 #ccd ,br[n+1 ,p>acelsus1 ii4 p4 #cj1 ed4 #ahhh4 #cce ,t5nyson1 ,9 ,memoriam1 xxxvi4 #ccf ,ps4 lxxviii4 #c1 #d4 #ccg ,de ,inc4 #ab4 #cch ,br[n+1 ,fra ,lippo ,lippi3 ,m4 ,arnold1 ,! ,y\? ( ,nature3 ,%elley1 ,! ,skyl>k4 #cci ,ep4 ad ,diogn4 vi4 #cdj ,bruce1 ,! ,*ief ,end ( ,revelation1 p4 #aaf4 #cda ,eccl4 ,pol4 v4 #ed4 ,cf4 ,ir54 adv4 ,ha]4 iii4 #bj3 ',gloria enim hom9is ,deus2 op]ationis v]o ,dei et omnis sapi5tiae ,ejus et virtutis receptaculum homo4' #cdb ,ign4 ad ,eph4 viii4 1 4 #cdc ,aurora ,leigh1 vii4 p4 #cjb4 #cdd ,cp4 ,h4 ,s4 ,holl&1 ,cre$ & ,"*1 ,s]mons ,,iii-,,viii4 #cde 1 1 1 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 ,i4 xviii4 #hi4 #cdf ,cp4 #a ,tim4 ii4 #a-f4 #cdg ,= ! :ole ( ?is la/ p>agraph cf4 ,h4 ,s4 ,holl&1 ,on behalf ( ,belief1 ,s]mons ,,vi & ,,vii4 #cdh ,s4 ,ignatius1 ad ,eph4 vii4 1 1 z comp>$ ) ad ,magn4 xiii4 4 #cdi ,pseudo-,clem4 ,rom4 ,ep4 ii4 #ad2 ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/r4 vi4 #ad2 iv4 #h4 ,= ^! & o!r illu/rations cf4 ,seeb]g1 ,d] ,begriff d] *ri/li*5 ,kir*e 7,erlang51 #ahhe71 cap4 i2 & ,gore1 ,*ur* & ! ,m9i/ry1 ed4 i4 pp4 #ai1 #bh1 #acf4 #cej #a ,cor4 xii4 #bh4 #cea ,cp4 ,acts ix4 #ca 4 #ceb #a ,cor4 xii4 #bh1 xv4 #i2 ,gal4 i4 #ac2 ,phil4 iii4 #f2 ,eph4 i4 #bb1 iii4 #aj1 #ba2 ,col4 i4 #ah1 #bd2 #a ,tim4 iii4 #ae4 #cec ,hibb]t ,lectures1 #ahhc1 p4 #caa4 #ced ,bp4 ,=bes1 ,explanation ( ! ,nic5e ,cre$1 p4 #bij4 #cee ad ,eph4 ii4 iii4 vi4 xx2 ad ,trall4 vii4 xiii2 ad ,phil4 iv4 vii2 ad ,smyrn4 viii4 ix4 #cef ,ir5aeus1 adv4 ,ha]41 cp4 esp4 ,i4 #aj1 ,,ii4 #i1 ,,iii4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #e1 #ab1 #bd4 #ceg ,praescript4 adv4 ,ha]eticos2 cp4 esp4 #c1 #f1 #ae-ba4 #ceh ,t]tullian4 ,praescr4 #i3 ',qua]5dum e/ donec inv5ias1 et cr$5dum ubi inv5]is4' #cei ,hawk9s' ,s]mons on ! ,*ur*1 p4 #gg4 #cfj ,rev4 ,c4 ,gore1 ,roman ,ca?olic ,claims1 p4 #ea4 #cfa ,commonitorium ix4 & xxiii4 #cfb ,bacon1 ,essay on ,tru?4 #cfc ,s4 ,john ii4 #ai-ba4 #cfd ,f a /rik+ & bold article by ,pr(4 ,milligan1 9 ! ,expositor1 ,m>*1 #ahhi4 #cfe #a ,s4 ,pet] ii4 #i2 ,rev4 i4 #f2 ,heb4 x4 #ai4 ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 ,dialog4 c4 ,tryph4 #aaf2 ,ir5aeus iv4 #h2 ,orig51 ,hom4 vi4 9 ,lev4 #e4 ,= o!r in/ances1 cp4 ,seeb]g1 ubi sopra1 or ,gore1 ,*ur* & ! ,m9i/ry1 pp4 #hg-ij4 #cff ,eph4 iii4 #ba 7,r4,v472 ,rev4 iv4 #aa1 v4 #aa-ad2 #a ,cor4 xi4 #bf4 #cfg ,cf4 ! /rik+ acc\nt ( ! true ,*ri/ian sacrifice 9 ,s4 ,aug4 ,de ,civ4 ,dei1 x4 #f3 ',pr(ecto efficitur ut tota ipsa r$empta civitas1 hoc e/ congregatio societasque sanctorum univ]sale sacrificium (f]atur ,deo p] sac]dotem magnum1 qui etiam se ipsum obtulit 9 passione pro nobis1 ut tanti capitis corpus essemus4444 ,hoc e/ sacrificium ,*ri/ianorum1 multi unum corpus 9 ,*ri/o4 ,quod etiam sacram5to alt>is fidelibus noto frequ5tat ecclesia1 ut ei demon/retur1 quod 9 ea re1 quam (f]t1 ipsa (f]atur4' #cfh ,acts xiii4 #a4 #cfi #a ,cor4 xi-xiv42 cp4 #a ,tim4 ii4 #cgj ,clem1 ad ,cor4 #a4 esp4 #dj-de4 #cga ,contra ,adv4 ,leg4 et ,proph4 xx4 #ci4 #cgb 1 ,plut>*4 ,vitae x ,orat4 #g4 #cgc ,! ,dean ( ,s4 ,paul's1 ,adv5t ,s]mons1 p4 #gc4 #cgd ,wordswor?1 ,! ,recluse4 #cge ,cp4 ,socrates iii4 #af 1 1 4 ,s4 ,aug4 de doctr4 ,*r4 ii4 #ah3 'quisquis bonus v]usque ,*ri/ianus e/1 ,dom9i sui esse intellegat ubique inv5]it v]itatem4' #cgf ,butl]'s ,analogy1 ,pt4 ii4 *4 #a4 ,x4 ,,sacram5ts4 ,,francis ,,paget4 ,x is ! *>act]i/ic di/9ction ( "s m5's "w t !y are resolute to take into j acc\nt all ! elem5ts & conditions ( ! matt] ) :i* !y deal4 ,!y w n pur*ase simplicity at ! exp5se ( facts2 !y w n1 by any act ( arbitr>y exclusion or unreal ab/raction1 give up ev5 ! mo/ di/ant hope ( "s real atta9m5t = ! sake ( secur+ a pres5t appe>ance ( complet5ess4 ,!y recognise & insi/ ^u all ! complexity ( t at :i* !y look2 !y may see _m traits 9 x to :i* !y c assign no def9ite place or mean+1 b !y w n ignore or disp>age ^!2 !y w n =get !m1 ev5 ?\gh = a :ile !y may h to def] ! clos] /udy ( !m2 !y w dutifully be> !m 9 m9d1 & c>ry !m along ?r\gh all _! "w2 !y w let !m tell ) full weight 9 qualify+1 def]r+1 or preclud+ ! =mation ( any !ory ab\t t ( :i* ^! traits1 trivial or important1 expla9$ or unexpla9$1 are a g5u9e "p4 ,x is difficult to f9d a "n = ?is r>e & di/9ctive excell5ce4 ,b x is t :i* m ?an any o!r quality gives p]man5ce & fruitfulness to "w3 = ev5 ! fragm5t>y & loosely ord]$ outcome ( su* ?\ght is wont to prove g]m9ant & quick5+ z "t goes on4 ,pati5ce1 hone/y1 rev]5ce1 & unselfi%ness1 are virtues :i* appe> cong5ial ) su* a "* ( m9d2 & ! high1 undaunt$ fai? :i* is ! secret ( its /r5g? & ! assurance ( its great rew>d has be5 told by ,mr4 ,br[n+ 9 ,a ,gramm>ian's ,fun]al3-- ,0 x n great8 did n he ?r[ on ,god 7,he loves ! bur!n7-- ,god's task to make ! heav5ly p]iod ,p]fect ! e>!n#cgg8 ,x w be ! *ief aim ( ?is essay to %ew t 9 ! embodim5t & pres5tation ( ,*ri/ianity by ! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ !re may be se5 an excell5ce analog\s1 at lea/1 to ?is di/9ctive *>act]i/ic ( ! "w t all approve z be/ & true/ ^u e>?2 t 9 contra/ ) _m religi\s sy/ems1 atta9+ a high degree ( moral beauty & spiritual f]v\r1 ! hi/oric ,*ur* meets human life 9 full front2 t x has be5 taught & enabl$1 9 its m9i/ry ( ,sacram5ts1 to deal ) ! entirety ( man's nature1 n slight+1 or exclud+1 or despair+ ( any true "p ( 8 be+4 ,b x is necess>y at ! outset to def9e1 9 g5]al & provisional t]ms1 ! nature & ! pr9ciple ( t elem5t 9 ! ,*ur*'s fai? & life :i* is "h "u consid]ation1 & 9 :i* especially ?is amplitude & ca?olicity ( deal+ ) human nature is to be s\ght4 ,by ! ,sacram5tal sy/em1 !n1 is meant ! regul> use ( s5sible objects1 ag5ts1 & acts z be+ ! means or in/rum5ts ( ,div9e en]gies1 '! vehicles ( sav+ & sanctify+ p[]#cgh4' ,! und]ly+ belief1 ! basal & *>act]i/ic pr9ciple ( ?is sy/em1 may be ?us /at$4 ,z ! inmo/ be+ ( man rises to ! realization ( its true life1 to ! k & appreh5sion ( ,god & ( itself1 9 ! act ( fai?1 & z ,he ^: ,_s quick5$ x = t act1 greets its v5ture ) fre% gifts ( light & /r5g?1 x is ,8 w t ^! gifts %\ld be convey$ by means or organs tak5 f ?is _w1 & address$ to human s5ses4 ,8 ,holy ,_s be>s into ! fai?ful s\l ! communication ( its ris5 ,"l's r5ew+ manhood2 & = ! conveyance ( t unse5 gift ,he takes ?+s & acts t c be se51 & words t c be he>d2 ,8 way is viewless z ! w9d2 b ,he comes & works by means ( :i* ! s5ses are aw>e2 & ,8 hidd5 en]gy accepts a visible ord] & outw>d implem5ts = ! a*ievem5t ( its purpose4 ,! limits ( ?is essay preclude ! discussion ( ! l>g] que/ions :i* beset ! t]ms ( ^! def9itions4 ,previ\s essays h dealt ) ^? tru?s :i* are necess>ily involv$ 9 any decl>ation ( belief ab\t ! ,*ri/ian ,sacram5ts4 ,! ,be+ ( ,god1 ! ,inc>nation ( ! ,et]nal ,^w1 ! ,atonem5t1 ! ,resurrection & ,asc5sion ( ,*ri/1 ! ,p]son & ,mission ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ^! are inde$ impli$ 9 ! ,sacram5tal sy/em ( ! ,*ur*1 n simply z compon5t & ess5tial p>ts ( ! same build+1 nor z m]e logical data1 b r z ! activities ( ! bodily life are pre-suppos$ 9 ! ex]tion ( ! body's /r5g?4 ,b ^! _c "h be spok5 (3 x is f prec$+ pages ( ?is book t ?\ghts & convictions mu/ be ga!r$1 )\t :i* mu* t is "h said w seem ei!r unsub/antial1 or m]ely te*nical4 ,x mu/ be own$ t ! sev]ance ( any subject f its context entails n only incomplet5ess1 b also a c]ta9 disproportion & obscurity 9 its treatm5t2 s9ce ! l9es ( ?\ght :i* run out into ! context are l9es d[n :i* light comes1 light t is lo/ if !y are clos$4 ,inde$ any?+ l a full pres5tation or a =mal def5ce ( a deta*$ "p ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ & practice seems intr9sically v difficult1 & )9 ! limits ( an essay impossible4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 two que/ions :i* mu/ be ask$ conc]n+ ea* sev]al "p ( ! :ole /ructure1 & 9 reg>d to :i* some?+ may "h be said4 ,! fir/ is3 ,does ?is "p mat* ) its surr\nd+s 9 ,*ri/ianity2 is x a h>moni\s & cong5ial elem5t 9 ! :ole ord]1 9 ! great body ( doctr9e to :i* x claims to belong8 ,! second is3 ,does x mat* ) ! surr\nd+s on :i* x claims to act1 ) its environm5t 9 human life2 is x apt = ! purpose to :i* x is address$ & ! conditions among :i* x comes8 ,x is "h propos$1 z has be5 said1 to consid] 9 reg>d to ! ,sacram5tal sy/em ! second especially ( ^! two que/ions3 b its consid]ation w involve "s ?\ghts :i* may p]haps be a suffici5t answ] to ! fir/4 ,& ?us some?+ may also be ga9$ beyond ! range ( ! pres5t inquiry2 = x seems fair to hold t any "p ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ 9 reg>d to :i* bo? ^! que/ions c be answ]$ 9 ! affirmative1 has a /rong t5d5cy at all ev5ts to comm5d ! claim ( ! :ole s*eme ) :i* x is inwov5 & ess5tially cont9u\s4 ,= ! p]fection ( inn] coh]5ce 9 a /ructure ^: ma9 l9es1 at lea/1 7 project$ 9 ! _w "u circum/ances :i* preclude ! ?\ght ( sci5tific or artificial elaboration1 & ! p]fection ( adaptation1 n to ! wi%es & ta/es ( m51 nor to ! arrangem5ts ( society1 b to ! deepe/1 fulle/1 sure/ tru? ( humanity2 ^! are *>act]i/ics :i* we %\ld expect to f9d 9 a revelation f ,god to man1 & be surpris$ to f9d else:]e4 ,i4 ,probably !re come to mo/ m5 :o h got beyond ! happy confid5ce ( y\?1 & ! unhappy confid5ce ( self-satisfaction1 times at :i* !y seem to !mselves to be liv+ 9 a some:at p]plex$ & dimly light$ _w1 ) tasks = :i* _! /r5g? is insuffici5t1 among problems :i* !y _c solve4 ,& ,*ri/ianity is held out to !m1 or has be5 receiv$ by !m1 z a way ( life "u ^! circum/ances1 z a me?od & a means ( liv+ rightly2 a sy/em :i* does n inde$ take all ! p]plexity out ( ! _w1 or all ! difficulties out ( _! c\rse1 b :i* w give !m light & /r5g? en\gh to keep 9 ! "r track1 to use _! "t well1 to take _! prop] place1 & d _! prop] "w1 & s to move t[>ds ! realization ( all ! _m p>ts & possibilities ( _! nature2 a goal :i* may seem to gr[ bo? l>g] & m di/ant ! m "o ?9ks ab\t x4 ,*ri/ianity pr(esses to be t ,div9e ^w1 :i* 0 fa9tly surmis$ ( old#cgi1 & 9 due "t 0 s5t =? to be> m5 wisely & surely ?r\gh ?is _w4 ,pla9ly "o ( ! fir/ & faire/ que/ions :i* may be ask$ 9 reg>d to x is1 :e!r x %ews a p]fect und]/&+ ( ! nature ) :i* x claims to deal1 & ! life :i* x claims to guide4 ,n[ :5 we set ourselves to ?9k :at we are = :om a possible & satisfactory way ( life is s\ght1 :at t nature is1 ^: "r pr9ciples & conditions ( developm5t are to be det]m9$1 "o ( ! fir/ ?+s :i* we disc]n is an app>5tly inv9cible complexity4 ,! life we h to ord] is a tw(old life1 x moves ?r\gh a tw(old c\rse ( exp]i5ce3 ! facts1 ! activities 9 :i* we are consci\s ( x1 are ( two k9ds2 & m5 ord9>ily di/+ui% !m z bodily & spiritual4 ,"s su* di/9ction is recognis$ & und]/ood by ! simple/ ( u3 x is imb$d$ beyond possibility ( expulsion 9 all language3 /ubbornly & successfully x resi/s all ef=ts to aboli% x4 ,we "k = ourselves t ei!r ( ! two gr\ps ( facts may /& out 9 cle>] light1 9 ke5] consci\sness1 at c]ta9 times3 we may ev5 = a :ile1 a little :ile1 lose sight ( ei!r ( !m & seem to be :olly occupi$ ) ! o!r3 b pres5tly ! neglect$ facts w re-ass]t _! rights3 nei!r ! "o gr\p nor ! o!r may long be set aside )\t risk ( ! ,nemesis :i* av5ges slight$ tru?s3--! ,nemesis ( disproportion & disease4 ,we may confuse our s5se ( ! di/9ction2 we may %ift or blur or b5d :atev] l9e _h seem$ to m>k x3 we may insi/ on ! qualify+ ph5om5a :i* =bid u to ?9k ( any b>ri] z imp5etrable2 b we _c s exalt or pu% =w>d ei!r realm z utt]ly to extrude1 absorb1 or annihilate ! o!r3 we _c1 ) consi/5cy or sanity1 live z ?\gh our life 7 m]ely spiritual or m]ely bodily4 ,x is z impossible /eadily to reg>d ! _s z a m]e function or product ( ! body1 z x is to treat ! body ) entire indiff]5ce1 z a casually adjac5t fragm5t ( ! ext]nal _w4 ,b fur!r1 z ! di/9ction ( ! two elem5ts 9 our be+ seems insup]able1 s does _! union seem ess5tial to ! integrity ( our life4 ,any ab/raction ( "o elem5t1 z ?\gh x c\ld deta* itself f ! o!r & live on its own res\rces1 is felt to be unreal & de/ructive ( our prop] nature4 ,s x has be5 f9ely said1 ',mat]ialism itself has "h done valuable s]vice 9 correct+ ! exagg]ation ( a "o-sid$ spiritualism4 ,x is common1 b errone\s1 to speak ( man's body z be+ relat$ to 8 _s only z is ! casket to ! jewel :i* x conta9s4 ,b1 z a matt] ( fact1 ! p]sonal _s ( man /rikes its roots f> & deep into ! encompass+ frame ( s5se1 ) :i*1 f ! fir/ mom5t ( its exi/5ce1 x has be5 s intimately associat$4444 ,! _s c inde$ exi/ indep5d5tly ( ! body1 b ?is indep5d5t exi/5ce is n its emancipation f a prison-h\se ( matt] & s5se2 x is a tempor>y & abnormal divorce f ! companion ^: pres5ce is ne$$ to complete its life#chj4' ,if we try to imag9e our life 9 ab/raction f ! body we c only ?9k ( x z incomplete & isolat$2 z impov]i%$1 defici5t1 & expectant4 ,& c]ta9ly 9 our pres5t /ate1 9 ! int]val betwe5 :at we call bir? & dea?1 ! sev]ance ( ! two elem5ts is inconceivable3 !y are knit toge!r 9 incessant & indissoluble communion4 ,9 no activity1 no exp]i5ce ( ei!r1 c ! o!r be utt]ly disc>d$3 '= ea* action & reaction pass+ betwe5 !m is a fibre ( t :i* =ms _! mutual bond#cha4' ,ev5 into ^? en]gies ( :i* m5 speak z purely spiritual1 ! bodily life w f9d its way1 w s5d its help or h9drance3 sickness1 hung]1 we>9ess1 & desire3 ^! are b "s ( its mess5g]s to ! _s1 mess5g]s :o w n always be d5i$4 ,& 9 e consci\s action ( ! bodily life ! pres5ce ( ! _s is to be disc]n$4 ,! m]ely animal fulfilm5t ( m]ely animal dem&s1 devoid ( moral quality1 is only possible )9 t d>k tract ( in/9ct :i* lies bel[ ! range ( our consci\sness4 ,:5 once desire is consci\sly direct$ to its object1 7:]ev] ! desire has orig9at$ & :atev] be ! nature ( ! object17 a moral quality appe>s1 a moral issue is det]m9$3 & ! act ( ! body becomes an ev5t 9 ! life ( ! _s#chb4 ,! bl9d life ( brute creatures is z f> out ( our rea* z is ! pure en]gy ( angels3 we c nev] let ! body simply g its own way2 = 9 ! ess5tial complexity ( our be+1 ano!r s5se is ev] wait+ ^u ! consci\s ex]cise ( ^? five s5ses t we %>e ) l[] animals3--! s5se ( duty & ( s94 ,?us complex are we1--we :o crave m light & /r5g?1 :o want to f9d ! conditions ( our heal? & gr[?1 :o lift up our eyes unto ! hills f :5ce come? our help4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to consid] f h[ _m diff]5t po9ts ( view ! complexity has be5 recognis$1 res5t$1 sl&]$1 or ignor$2 & h[ /eadily x has held its own4 ,x may ne$ "s ex]cise ( fai? 7t is to say1 ( reasonable pati5ce amid/ half-lights & fragm5ts7 to keep ! tru? be=e "o1 & to all[ x its j be>+ ^u ?\ght & conduct1 )\t exagg]ation1 or self-deception1 or "o-sid$ness2 b !re is nei!r heal? ( body nor peace ( m9d 9 trifl+ ) x4 ,to u1 !n1 be+ ?us complex1 ,*ri/ianity pres5ts a plan1 a pr9ciple1 a rule ( life4 ,& t prim>y & inevitable "q :i* has be5 already indicat$ may !re=e take ?is def9ite =m3--,does ! s*eme propos$ to u ackn[l$ge ?is our complexity8 does x provide = u 9 ! entirety ( our nature1 ) all t we feel to be ess5tial to our complet5ess8 or mu/ a "p ( our be+ be huddl$ out ( sight z we ent] ! prec9ct ( ! ,*ur*8 ,,ii4 7#a7 ,c]ta9ly ! :ole hi/ory & "* ( ! ,*ri/ian ,revelation w\ld enc\rage u to hope t its be>+ ^u life w\ld be z broad z ! :ole ( human nature2 & t no true "p ( our be+ w\ld be exclud$ f its light1 refus$ its welcome1 or driv5 f its fea/4 ,:5 we consid] h[ ,*ri/ianity came into ! _w1 x w\ld seem /range & disappo9t+ if its hold on human life 7 p>tial & n inclusive3 if1 = in/ance1 ! body f\nd no place prep>$1 no help or hope provid$ = x4 ,?is 0 excell5tly said by ,alex&] ,knox3 ',! gospel comm5c$ 9 an accommodation to man's animal exig5cies :i* 0 z admirable z x 0 graci\s2 & :i* ! ho/s ( heav5 contemplat$ ) delight & wond]4 ,! ,inc>nation ( ! co-et]nal ,son1 ?r\gh :i* ,s4 ,john 0 enabl$ to decl>e :at he & 8 fell[ ,apo/les _h se5 ) _! eyes1 :at !y _h look$ ^u1 & _! h&s _h h&l$1 ( ! ,^w ( ,life1 0 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 s to consult human nature 9 its animal & s5sitive capacity1 z to give ! /ronge/ pl$ge t a disp5sation ?us introduc$ w\ld1 9 e subord9ate provision1 manife/ ! same _s & op]ate on ! same pr9ciple4 ,= c\ld x be ?\ght t ! fir/ wond]ful accommodation ( ,godhead to ! s5sitive appreh5sions ( man %\ld be :olly tempor>y8 & t ?\gh t my/]y ( godl9ess 0 ev] to be reg>d$ z ! vital s\rce ( all spiritual b5efits & bless+s1 no cont9uance ( ?is wise & graci\s condesc5sion %\ld be manife/$ 9 ! means1 :]eby its results 7 to be p]petuat$1 & made effectual#chc8' ,x w\ld be possible to foll[ ?is mode ( ?\ght to a remot] po9t1 & to m>k 9 ! reveal$ relation ( ! ,et]nal ,^w to ! :ole creation a sure gr\nd = believ+ t :5soev]1 9 ! fulness ( "t1 ,god %\ld be pleas$ to br+ ! _w1 ?r\gh its highe/ type1 into union ) ,himself1 ! access to t union w\ld be z wide z ! fulness ( ! nature 9 :i* ,he made man at ! beg9n+3 t ! attractive & uplift+ b&s ( love w\ld hold & draw to ,him e true elem5t ( t nature4 ,b x is en\gh = our pres5t purpose to look /eadily at ! ,adv5t & ! ,life ( ,*ri/3 to see h[ c>efully & t5d]ly e fragm5t ( ! =m ,he takes is dis5tangl$ f ! de=m+ evil :i* ,he c\ld n take3 h[ p]fect are ! l9eam5ts ( ! humanity ,he we>s1 h[ freely & cle>ly all t is *>act]i/ic ( our nature is display$ 9 ,8 mo/ holy life2 :]e '! hid+ ( ,8 p[]1' ! re/ra9+ ( ! beams ( ,deity#chd leaves room = ! disclosure 9 ,him ( :atev] weakness & limitation prop]ly belongs to u4 ,surely x w\ld be /range if ! grace & tru? :i* came among u ?us1 prov$ p>tial or re/rict$ 9 _! lat] deal+ ) our manhood3 if any tract ( our life 7 unvisit$ by _! light & bless+3 if any?+ :i* ,he took 7 slight$ 9 ,8 k+dom1 =gott5 9 ,8 m9i/ry1 preclud$ f ,8 wor%ip4 ,! ,inc>nation 0 inde$ 9 itself a great e>ne/ ( ! recognition :i* w\ld be accord$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian life to ! :ole ( our complex nature4 ,b !re are1 m p>ticul>ly1 two po9ts 9 ! com+ & "w ( our ,"l :i* seem peculi>ly int5d$ to =e%[ "s abid+ elevation ( ! mat]ial & visible to %>e ! hon\r ( ! spiritual elem5t 9 our life4 ,!y are s famili> to u t x may n be easy to d full ju/ice to _! significance4 7#b7 ,= x does seem deeply significant t :5 ! ,^w 0 made fle% & dwelt among u1 ,he took up ! l9es ( a hi/ory replete ) =eca/s ( ! consecration ( mat]ial ?+s3 ,he met ! true/ aspirations ( a p tra9$ to unhesitat+ exultation 9 a visible wor%ip1 enc\rag$ by manifold exp]i5ce to look = ! bless+s ( ,div9e goodness ?r\gh s5sible means1 accu/om$ & comm&$ to seek = ,god's especial pres5ce 9 an appo9t$ place & amid/ sights on :i* _! eyes w\ld re/ ) ?ankful confid5ce4 ,t ,*ur* & nation '( :om z conc]n+ ! fle% ,*ri/ came1' mu/ h seem$ inde$ irrevocably & ess5tially committ$ to ! pr9ciple t :5 man is br\ght ne> to ,god x is ) ! entirety ( 8 manhood3 t ,god is to be glorifi$ alike 9 ! body & 9 ! _s3 & t ,8 m]cy really is ov] all ,8 works4 ,d\btless b>ri]s 7 to be brok5 d[n1 :5 ! "t ( prophecy & tra9+ pass$ on into ! fre$om ( realization3 limitations 7 to be tak5 away1 di/9ctions abrogat$ by ,him 9 ,:om is nei!r ,jew nor ,greek1 nei!r bond nor free1 nei!r male nor female3 b religion w\ld surely h gr[n 9 reality n>r[] & n wid]1 if ! body _h be5 dismiss$ f its duty & gladness 9 ! light ( ,god's c\nt5ance1 if ! _s alone _h be5 bidd5 to draw ne>1 to wor%ip1 to ta/e & see h[ graci\s ! ,"l is4 ,?r\gh all ! amplitude ( ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 !re w\ld h be5 a s5se ( loss1 ( impov]i%m5t1 ( expectation enc\rag$ & unsatisfi$1 _h ?is be5 s2 = 9 ! prep>atory sy/em ( ,judaism1 :atev] _h be5 lack+1 /ill ! :ole nature ( man _h felt ! ,h& ( ,god & he>d ,8 ,voice4 ,x w\ld h seem$ /range if ) ! wid] ext5sion ( ,god's light to all ! _w !re _h be5 a n>r[+ ( its range 9 ! life ( ea* sev]al man#che4 7#c7 ,& !n1 aga91 x is to be m>k$ t our ,"l ,himself by repeat$ acts su/a9$ & emphasiz$ ?is acceptance ( ! visible z ! organ or vehicle ( ! ,div9e4 ,8 bless+ 0 giv5 by ! visible lay+ on ( h&s1 & ,8 miracles 7 wr\ght n by ! b>e sil5t en]gy ( ,8 ,almighty w1 n ev5 9 _m cases by ! m]e utt]ance ( ,8 ^w1 b ?r\gh ! employm5t ( acts or objects1 impressive to ! bodily elem5t 9 man1 & decl>+ ! consecration ( ! mat]ial = ! "w ( ,god4 ,alike 9 ! bless+s be/[$ & 9 ! mann] ( _! be/[al m5 mu/ h felt t !re 0 ) ,him no disp>agem5t ( ! body1 no =getfulness ( its ne$1 no lack ( c>e = its welf>e1 its hon\r1 or its hope4 ,p]haps x may ev5 be t _h we wat*$ ! sc5e 9 ! ,galilean t[n z ! sun 0 sett+1 & 9 ! cool ( ! ev5+ !y t _h any sick ) div]s diseases br\ght !m unto ,him2 z ,he mov$ ab\t among ^? wa/$1 suff]+ =ms1 & on "o aft] ano!r laid ,8 h&s & heal$ !m2 x may ev5 be t :at w\ld h /ruck u fir/ ( all w\ld h be5 ! br++ 9 ( a bett] hope = ! bodily life ( man & ! repl5i%+ ( a famili> act1 a common ge/ure1 ) a grace & p[] t x _h b vaguely h9t$ at be=e4 ,we h1 !n1 7#a7 9 ! ,inc>nation ( ! ,son ( ,god1 7#b7 9 ! ess5tial "* ( ! hi/ory ord]$ z an especial prep>ation = ,8 com+1 & 7#c7 9 c]ta9 conspicu\s features ( ,8 m9i/ry on e>?1 a /rong enc\ragem5t to expect t 9 ! life ?us br\ght into ! _w1 9 ! way ?us op5$ out1 !re w\ld be ev9c$ a l>ge-he>t$ c>e = ! :ole nature ( m53 t no unreal ab/raction w\ld be dem&$1 & no "p ( humanity be dis9h]it$3 t 9 ! *oice ( its means1 9 ! scope ( its b5efic5ce1 & 9 ! del9eation ( its aim1 ,*ri/ianity w\ld deal ) u z we are1 & prove t ,god has n made u ?us = n\ght4 ,an endeav\r w be made to %ew h[ ?is great hope is greet$ 9 ! ,sacram5tal sy/em1 & uplift$ & l$ on t[>ds ! end ( all true hope4 ,b x seems necess>y fir/ to adduce ! gr\nds = say+ t t sy/em has be5 f ! beg9n+ an integral "p ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,,iii4 ,:5 we turn to look at ! pres5tation ( ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple 9 ! ,gospels1 our fir/ impression may be t ! place x holds !re is less ?an t :i* is giv5 to x 9 ! tea*+ & practice ( ! ,*ur*3 t x is by a disproportionate gr[? t ! doctr9e ( ,sacram5ts has ga9$ s mu* space & s great prom95ce 9 ,ca?olic !ology4 ,b ! impression c]ta9ly ought n to be la/+4 ,= x is due to our =getfulness ( ! conditions "u :i* ,*ri/ianity came into ! _w3 ! *>act]i/ics & habits ( religi\s ?\ght ) :i* x _h to deal4 ,we c draw no reasonable inf]5ce f ! brevity or l5g? ) :i* a tru? is enunciat$ 9 ! ,gospels until we h inquir$ :at 7 ! previ\s convictions ( ^? to :om our ,"l spoke3 :at prep>ation _h 9 t p>ticul> reg>d be5 made = ,8 tea*+4 ,we ought to look = "s diff]5ce 9 ! mann] ( revelation correspond+ to ! diff]5ce ( ne$ :5 a :olly new pr9ciple ( ?\ght has to be borne into unready m9ds1 & :5 a fre% direction has to be giv5 to an expectation already al]t & confid5t1 a new light to be ?r[n on ! true wor? & mean+ ( an exi/+ belief ab\t ,god's ways t[>ds m54 ,amplitude & it]ation w\ld inde$ h be5 necess>y = any tea*+ :i* 0 to dislodge ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple out ( ! m9ds ( ^? among :om our ,"l came--to preclude !m f seek+ ! m]cy ( ,god ?r\gh visible means4 ,b if ! ,div9e purpose 0 n to de/roy b to fulfil2 n to discr$it z m]e misappreh5sions ! convictions m5 _h receiv$1 b to raise & purify !m by disclos+ ! response :i* ,god _h prep>$ = !m3 to dis5gage !m f t :i* _h be5 p>tial1 prep>atory1 transi5t1 & to fa/5 !m on _! true satisfaction3 !n we might rev]5tly expect t ! me?od ( ?is tea*+ w\ld probably be su* z 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is %ewn to u 9 reg>d to ! doctr9e ( ,sacram5ts4 7#a7 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 we f9d abundant & p]vad+ signs t ! g5]al pr9ciple is tak5 up into ,*ri/ianity & e>n$ on z a *>act]i/ic note ( its plan & "w4 ,! regul> communication ( its pr]ogative & *>act]i/ic gift ?r\gh outw>d means3 ! embodim5t ( grace 9 ord9ances3 ! designation ( visible ag5ts1 acts1 & sub/ances1 to be ! in/rum5ts & vehicles ( ,div9e virtue3--?is pr9ciple is s intimately & ess5tially wov5 into ! texture ( ,*ri/ianity t x _c be got out )\t de/roy+ ! :ole fabric4 ,z our ,savi\r gradually sets =? ! outl9es ( ,8 design = ! r$emption ( ! _w1 at po9t aft] po9t ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple is affirm$1 & mat]ial in/rum5ts are designat$ = ! a*ievem5t ( ,8 "w4 ',he proclaims ,himself ! ,f\nd] ( a _w-wide & imp]i%able ,society1' '! ,k+dom ( ,heav5' or '! ,k+dom ( ,god#chf2' & :ile ! claims & en]gies ( ?is k+dom p5etrate ! hidd5 dep?s ( life1 s t x is inde$ 'a moral empire1' & 'a realm ( s\ls1' yet none ! less is x op5ly to take its place 9 human hi/ory4 ,x is n an unsub/antial haze ( vague spirituality1 prec>i\s & indi/9ct1 hov]+ or said to hov] half way betwe5 e>? & sky1 ) no precise atta*m5t to ei!r4 ,at once1 x is ! k+dom ( ,heav51 & x is to h all ! app>el ( a visible society3 x t\*es ?is e>? ) a def9ite & inclusive hold2 x ennobles mat]ial conditions by a frank acceptance4 ,z 9 ! ,inc>nation1 s also 9 ! prep>ation ( ! ,*ur* to be ! ev]-pres5t witness to ,*ri/1 ! gu>dian ( ,8 tru?1 & ! home ( ,8 p1 ! pr9ciple 0 su/a9$ t1 9 ! r$emption ( ! _w1 ,god w\ld be pleas$ to take ! in/rum5ts ( ,8 "w out ( t _w :i* ,he 0 r5ew+3 t ! quick5+ ,_s w\ld n repel or de/roy ! mat]ial ord]1 b w\ld assume1 p]vade1 & use x4 7#b7 ,&1 9 ! second place1 ! p>ticul> expressions ( ! g5]al pr9ciple ?us reaffirm$ 7 au?oritatively appo9t$3 ! approv$ anticipation ( m5 0 left 9 no unc]ta9ty z to its response & sanction2 m5 7 told pla9ly :at 7 ! outw>d & visible signs :i* ,god _h *os5 9 ?is _w to be ! means :]eby ,8 inw>d & spiritual grace %\ld be receiv$4 ,x is difficult inde$ to imag9e any way 9 :i* m weight & incisiv5ess c\ld h be5 giv5 to ! appo9tm5t ( ! two great ,sacram5ts ?an 9 ! way :i* ,*ri/ 0 pleas$ to use3--any way 9 :i* ,baptism & ! ,eu*>i/ c\ld h be5 m firmly & impressively designat$ z ! vital & di/9ctive acts ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,we c h>dly wond] at _! pre-em95ce 9 ,*ri/ian ?\ght & life :5 we rememb] h[ !y 7 fa/5$ ^u ! consci\sness ( ! ,*ur*4 ,_! antec$5ts lay 9 t long my/]i\s c\rse ( hi/ory :i* ,almighty ,god _h l$ on ?r\gh ! /range discipl9e ( ! *angeful c5turies to ! com+ ( ,*ri/4 ,& !n1 !re _h be5 9 ,*ri/'s tea*+ c]ta9 utt]ances :i* seem$ to h a peculi> "*3 :i* 7 pla9ly ( ess5tial importance1 conc]n+ ?+s necess>y = all ,8 disciples1 be>+ on ! prim>y conditions ( _! life3 & yet utt]ances :i* 7 left unexpla9$1 h[ev] m5 might be tr\bl$1 (f5d$1 ov]/ra9$1 disc\rag$ by !m3 left z ?\gh _! explanation 0 impossible1 until ! occurr5ce ( ev5ts :i* c\ld n be =e/all$#chg4 ,b su* utt]ances1 if !y c\ld n be und]/ood1 c\ld /ill less be =gott53 !y liv$ 9 ! memory1 !y haunt$ ! imag9ation1 !y su/a9$ expectancy3 !y 7 z a prophetic conviction 9 ! m9d1 /rong1 deep1 fragm5t>y1 & unsatisfi$4 ,:o c measure ! consili5t =ce ) :i*1 9 mom5ts ( int5se/ ?\ght & feel+1 mom5ts :5 all ! besett+ conditions seem$ quick ) "s imm95t disclosure1 ! ,div9e comm&s1 meet+1 illum9at+1 e/abli%+ ^? =m] utt]ances1 w\ld be rivet$ ^u ! he>ts ( m5 & cl5*$ = ev] into ! fai? & practice ( ! ,*ur*1 ) a dom9ance nev] to be =gott5 or infr+$1 z a v primal law ( life8 ,9 ! unique1 controll+ awe ( ,8 imp5d+ agony & crucifixion3--9 ! h]ald$ maje/y ( ,8 appe>ance to ! disciples ^u ! m\nta9 :]e ,he _h appo9t$ !m1 & ) ! proclamation ( ! absolute au?ority giv5 to ,him 9 heav5 & 9 e>?3 s did our ,"l enact ! ord9ances to :i* ,8 e>li] words _h po9t$1 & 9 :i* at l5g? _! mean+ 0 made cle>3 s did ,he in/itute ,8 two great ,sacram5ts3 s did ,he dis5tangle ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple f all t _h be5 tempor>y1 accid5tal1 discipl9>y1 accommodat$1 9 its pa/ embodim5t1 & det]m9e :at %\ld be ! =m ( its two ma9 expressions1 = all ages & = all m5 9 ,8 ,*ur* 'until ,8 com+ aga91' 'ev5 unto ! end ( ! _w4' ,x may be 9 place "h briefly to sugge/ a few ?\ghts ) reg>d to t :i* 0 secur$ by ?is au?oritative designation ( ! outw>d sign 9 ea* great ,sacram5t1 beyond all t c\ld h be5 atta9$ by ! g5]al enunciation ( ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple4 ,mu* might be said--& mu* m1 d\btless1 be /ill left unsaid--ab\t ! especial fitness ( ! v elem5ts ?us *os5 f ! mat]ial _w to be ! vehicles ( sav+ grace3--= ! wat] & ! bread & w9e are call$ to _! place 9 ! ,div9e "w ) deep & f>-rea*+ associations already belong+ to !m4 ,aga91 ! v simplicity & commonness ( ! elem5ts tak5 into ,god's ne>e/ s]vice may h be5 a "p ( ! reason :y !y 7 appo9t$3 = 9 no o!r way c\ld ! m9ds ( m5 h be5 m surely & p]man5tly h9d]$ f _m ( ! mi/akes to :i* 9 ! pa/ !y _h be5 prone3 9 no o!r way c\ld ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple h be5 m p]fectly dis5gag$ f ! misconceptions :i* _h confus$ its purity3 9 no o!r way c\ld m5 h be5 m pla9ly taught t 9 no exp5se ( ?is _w's goods1 9 no lab\r ( _! own h&s1 9 no virtue ( ! mat]ial elem5ts1 b only 9 ! su/a9$ en]gy ( ,8 w1 :o took & p5etrat$ & employ$ !m1 lay ! efficacy ( ! ,sacram5t4 ,! v pla9ness ( ! elem5t hall[$ 9 ! ,sacram5t 0 to urge up m5's ?\ghts f x to ,him4 ,b1 above all1 ! decisive appo9tm5t ( p>ticul> signs & acts may seem to h be5 necess>y 9 ord] t ! ,sacram5ts might take _! places z acts emanat+ f1 upheld by1 & *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ur*'s corporate life1 & n m]ely conc]n$ ) ! spiritual welf>e ( ! individual4 ,s ,s4 ,paul appeals to ,baptism & to ! ,eu*>i/ z bo? effect+ & involv+ ! communion ( sa9ts#chh4 ,by ,sacram5ts m5 are to be tak5 out ( ! n>r[ness & isolation ( _! own lives1 out ( all engross+ preoccupation ) _! own /ate1 into ! ample air1 ! g5]\s gladness1 ! unselfi% hope ( ! ,city ( ,god3 !y are to escape f all daily pett9ess1 all morbid self-int]e/1 all prepo/]\s conviction ( _! own importance1 into a fell[%ip :i* spans all ages & all l&s4 ,by ,baptism & ! ,eu*>i/ ! communion ( sa9ts is ext5d$ & su/a9$3 !y are ! di/9ctive acts ( ! ,body ( ,*ri/3 & z su* ,he designat$ _! ess5tial =m1 to abide unalt]$ ?r\gh all t *ang$ ar\nd !m4 ,& ev5 ^? :o /& alo( f !m & f ! fai? on :i* !y re/1 may feel ! unmat*$ greatness ( an act t has held its place 9 human life ?r\gh all ! revolutions ( m ?an #ahjj ye>s3 an act t 9 its ess5tial *>act]i/ics is to-day :at x 0 :5 imp]ial ,rome 0 v5]at$ z et]nal3 an act t is e day r5ew$1 ) "s measure1 at lea/1 ( ! same fai? & hope & love1 9 e l& :]e ,*ri/ is own$4 7#c7 ,! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple _h be5 mo/ pla9ly adopt$ by our ,"l3 ! spiritual =ces ) :i* ,he w\ld r5ew ! face ( ! e>? 7 to be ex]t$ ?r\gh mat]ial in/rum5ts3 & ,he ,himself _h secur$ ! pr9ciple f unc]ta9ty or vagu5ess or individualism 9 its expression by appo9t+1 ) ! utmo/ weight & p5etration ( ,8 au?ority1 ! def9ite =m ( two great ord9ances1 :i* 7 to beg9 & to advance ! sup]natural life ( ,8 memb]s1 to ext5d ! range ( ,8 ,*ur*1 & to ma9ta9 its unity4 ,9 ! acts & lett]s ( ,8 apo/les we see h[ ,8 tea*+ & bidd+ _h be5 und]/ood3 h[ promptly & decisively ,8 ,*ur* decl>$ its life1 its "w1 its mission1 to be ,sacram5tal4 ,! mean+ & emphasis ( ,8 comm&m5t appe> 9 ! ob$i5ce ( ^? to :om x 0 giv53 9 ! fir/ words ( au?oritative c\nsel utt]$ by an apo/le3 9 ! fir/ act ( ! ,_s-be>+ ,body3 & !nce=w>d 9 ! *>act]i/ic habits ( ! ,*ri/ian life#chi4 ,f ! fir/ ! prom95ce ( ,sacram5ts & ,sacram5tal rites is con/ant4 ,9 ! tea*+ ( lat] ages _! prom95ce may h be5 relatively great]1 9 contra/ ) ! pov]ty ( fai? & life 9 ^? :o insi/$ on _! p[] :ile !y =got _! mean+2 b absolutely x w\ld be h>d to devise a high] place = !m ?an t :i* !y hold 9 ,s4 ,paul's ,epi/les4 ,to be liv+ a life receiv$1 n\ri%$1 & *>act]is$ by ,baptism & by ! ,eu*>i/--?is is ! di/9ctive note ( a ,*ri/ian--?us does he diff] f o!r m54 ,! ,sacram5t by :i* he became a memb] ( ,*ri/'s body mu/ det]m9e ?r\gh\t ! two di/9ctive qualities ( 8 inn] life3 its sev]ance f all =ms ( worldl9ess1 all dep5d5ce on natural advantages1 or natural /r5g?1 all confid5ce 9 ! satisfaction ( ext]nal rules2 & its unfail+ newness1 z issu+ f ,him :o1 be+ rais$ f ! dead1 die? no m1 & z c>ry+ ?r\gh all its activities ! air & light ( heav5#cij4 ,& ! ,sacram5t :i* cont9ually r5ews 9 him ! pres5ce ( 8 ,"l1 meet+ ) un/9t$ weal? ! dem&s ( "w & gr[?1 assur+ & advanc+ ! dom9ance ( ! new manhood 9 him3 ?is 9 l mann] mu/ det]m9e ! su/a9$ simplicity ( 8 be>+ t[>ds ^? :o ) him are memb]s ( ! "o ,body1 quick5$ & in=m$ by ! "o ,life#cia4 ,t m5 may receive et]nal life ?r\gh ,jesus ,*ri/3 ?is is ! end ( all lab\rs 9 ,8 "n3 to ?is all else is tribut>y & conducive3 & !re is no hesitation z to ! visible means by :i* ,god w effect ?is end 9 all ^? :o h 'fai? to be heal$4' ,& 9 ?is s5se x may p]haps be said t 9 ,*ri/ianity ev5 doctr9e holds n inde$ a subord9ate b 7t :i* involves no?+ b dignity7 a subs]vi5t place2 s9ce x is ! /r5g? & glory ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e t x ess5tially 'leads on to some?+ high]--to ! sacram5tal p>ticipation 9 ! aton+ sacrifice ( ,*ri/#cib4' ,,iv4 ,?us !n !re appe>s at ! beg9n+ ! dom9ance ( t note :i* has s\nd$ on ?r\gh all succe$+ ages2 ?us may we trace f ! fir/ days ! disp5sation ( ,div9e en]gy ?r\gh ag5ts & acts & efficaci\s symbols ga!r$ out ( ?is visible _w4 ,x rema9s to be %ewn ) :at reason x c be alleg$ t h]e9 ! ,*ur* ev9ces its recognition ( ! complexity ( human nature1 & gu>ds ! tru?1 t 9 ! entirety ( 8 be+ man has to d ) ,god1 ! ,creator1 ,r$eem]1 ,sanctifi] ( 8 s\l & body4 ,along ?ree l9es ( ?\ght ?is may 9 "s degree appe>2 & if ! evid5ce t c be indicat$ is recognis$ z 9 any measure real1 x w\ld be unphilosophic to set x aside because x may be fragm5t>y & inconclusive3 s9ce fragm5ts are all t 9 su* a matt] we are likely z yet to see4 7#a7 ,fir/1 !n1 !re is a pr(\nd f>-rea*+ import 9 ! b>e fact t mat]ial & visible means are ?us hall[$ to effect ! "w ( ,god1 to be> ,8 unse5 grace4 ,= x mu/ n be ?\ght t 9 ?is ,sacram5tal union ( ! visible & ! invisible we h only an int]e/+ p>allel to ! tw(old nature ( man1 a neat & curi\s symmetry1 a /rik+ bit ( symbolism or accommodation4 ,nor is ! deepe/ significance ( ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple br\ght out :5 x is said q truly t 'x has pleas$ ,god to b9d ,8 invisible op]ations to outw>d & visible me?ods1' 'le/ t :i* is ?us invisible %\ld = t reason be disbeliev$ or c\nt]feit$ or 9 any ( ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* human incr$ulity or human en?usiasm might d x wrong1 abus$ to ! injury ( man#cic4' ,we may see 9 ?is aspect ( ! sy/em t x has inde$ second>y advantages ( ! highe/ wor?2 b its surpass+ glory is 9 its prim>y & ess5tial "*1 z ! regul> employm5t ( visible means = ! a*ievem5t ( ,div9e my/]ies4 ,= ?us our :ole e/imate ( ?is _w is affect$4 ,its simple/ objects h _! k9dr$1 z x 71 9 ! c\rt1 9 ! v pres5ce *amb] ( ! ,mo/ ,high2 & actions su* z we see 9 x day aft] day h be5 advanc$ to a supreme di/9ction4 ,& s ?r\gh ,sacram5tal elem5ts & acts ,*ri/ianity ma9ta9s its /rong inclusive hold ^u ! :ole ( life4 ,! consecration ( mat]ial elem5ts to be ! vehicles ( ,div9e grace keeps up on e>? t v9dication & def5ce ( ! mat]ial aga9/ ! insults ( %am spiritualism :i* 0 a*iev$ = ev] by ! ,inc>nation & ,asc5sion ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,we seem to see ! mat]ial _w ris+ f height to height2 pi]c$1 inde$1 &1 z x 71 surpris$ at e /age by /range h9ts ( a de/9y beyond all likelihood2 yet only gradually lay+ aside ! in]tness ( its l[] =ms1 gradually seem+ to yield itself1 n m]ely to ! ext]nal fa%ion+ ( _s1 b also to its inn] & trans=m+ occupation3 till 9 humanity x comes )9 sight ( t :i* ,god has be5 prep>+ = x1 ev5 ! reception ( ,8 own image & lik5ess4 ,& yet ?is is b ! beg9n+3 & ?\gh s9 delays ! end1 & holds back ! cr[n ( all1 x is b = a "t2 9 due season !re is made kn[n t absolutely highe/ hon\r to :i* ,god has be5 lead+ on ! "w ( ,8 h&s1 ev5 t 9 its highe/ type x %\ld be tak5 into ,god2 t ! ,et]nal ,^w %\ld be made man1 & f a human "m receive our nature1 s t a mat]ial body %\ld be ,8 body2 ,8 9 bir?1 & gr[?1 & dea?2 ,8 9 all its relations ) ! visible _w2 ,8 = suff]+1 = we>9ess1 = te>s1 = hung]2 ,8 ^u ! cross & 9 ! tomb2 ,8 to rise )2 &1 at l5g?1 ,8 at ! "r h& ( ,god4 ,?us 0 ! visible receiv$ up into glory2 ?us 0 ! =eca/ ( spiritual capacity 9 ! mat]ial p]fectly realiz$2 & by ! body ( ! asc5d$ ,savi\r1 an entrance = ! :ole be+ ( man into ! realm ( _s is assur$4 ',!re is a spiritual body#cid3' no "p ( ! mat]ial ord] c be q unt\*$ by ! light t issues f ^? a/\nd+ words1 & f ! triumph !y record4 ,& t tru?1 t triumph1 t possibility ( unh9d]$ int]-p5etration betwe5 ! spiritual & ! mat]ial is pre-em95tly atte/$ ^u e>? by ! two great ,sacram5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,9 ^? my/]ies :]e wat] is sanctifi$ to ! wa%+ away ( s91 & :]e mat]ial sub/ances are made spiritual food1 !re is a cont9ual witness ( ! victory t has be5 won1 a real e>ne/ ( t :i* %all h]eaft] be a*iev$1 a vivid decl>ation t ! b>ri] betwe5 ! spiritual & ! mat]ial is n absolute or et]nal4 ,nor is ?is deep tru? )\t practical & f>-rea*+ consequ5ces 9 human life4 ,= imm$iately x ?us appe>s t ! unreal spirituality :i* consi/s 9 a b>r5 & boa/ful disp>agem5t ( ritual obs]vance or ( outw>d acts#cie1 ( e>?ly relation%ips or ( secul> life1 ( natural feel+s or ( bodily heal?1 cla%es ) ,*ri/ian tea*+ z %>ply z x does ) human nature & ) common s5se4 ,& !n1 9 p]fect accordance ) ?is pr9ciple1 ! spiritual en]gy ( ! ,*ur* is sacram5tally convey$ = ! hall[+ ( /age aft] /age 9 ! due ord] ( a human life1 z body1 s\l1 & _s are advanc$ t[>ds ! end = :i* !y 7 creat$4 ,n only 9 ! initial act :]eby all are bidd5 to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god1 &1 at ! dawn ( consci\sness1 ! onset ( evil is =e/all$ by ! cleans+ & reg5]at+ "w ( ,god ! ,holy ,gho/--n only 9 ! ev]-ne$$1 ev]-ready my/]y ( glory :]eby1 amid/ ! /a9s & sorr[s ( ! _w1 all may aga9 & aga9 be 'fill$ ) ! v ess5ce ( re/oration & ( life#cif2' b at o!r mom5ts too1 :5 ! s\l ( man rises up t[>ds ,god 9 ! div9ely-quick5$ v5ture ( fai?1 ! /r5g? ( ! ,mo/ ,high is p]fect$ 9 human weakness1 & 9 ,sacram5tal acts ! ?+s t are n se5 ent] into ! hi/ory ( ! ?+s t are se54 ,x is mo/ un=tunate t ! associations ( controv]sy %\ld h9d] m5 f frankly & ?ankfully recognis+ ! wide range ( ,sacram5tal action 9 ,*ri/ian life4 ,! dispute z to ! numb] ( ! ,sacram5ts is inde$ 'a "q ( a "n#cig2' & x ought to h be5 ackn[l$g$ all along t ! "n 0 be+ us$ ) diff]5t & %ift+ mean+s4 ,t m5 knew t x did n designate an ess5tially di/9ct class ( exactly equival5t units is %ewn on all sides2 ,s4 ,?omas ,aqu9as seems to d\bt1 at lea/1 :e!r !re are n m ?an sev5 ,sacram5ts1 divides ! sev5 into gr\ps ) v important notes ( diff]5ce1 & decides t ! ,eu*>i/ is ',sacram5torum omnium potissimum#cih3' ,calv9 0 n unwill+ t ! lay+ on ( h&s %\ld be call$ a ,sacram5t1 ?\gh he w\ld n reckon x 'int] ord9>ia ,sacram5ta#cii2' ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t has an ana!ma = anyone :o says t ! sev5 ,sacram5ts are s equal t none is m wor?y ?an ano!r#djj3 ,ri*>d ,baxt] di/+ui%es betwe5 '?ree sorts ( ,sacram5ts2' 9 ! second s5se ( ! "n1 9 :i* x is tak5 to mean 'any solemn ,inve/iture ( a p]son by m9i/]ial deliv]y1 9 a /ate ( ,*ur*-privileges1 or "s special gospel-m]cy1' he grants 't !re are five ,sacram5ts--,baptism1 ,confirmation1 ,absolution1 ! ,"l's ,supp] & ,ord9ation2' & else:]e he decl>es t '!y t p]emptorily say )\t di/+ui%+ t !re are b two ,sacram5ts 9 all1 d b h>d5 !m 7! ,papi/s7 by ! unw>rantable n>r[+ ( ! ^w#dja4' ,!re is inde$ no reason :y anyone %\ld hesitate to m>k ! ,love ( ,god meet+ 9 ,sacram5tal ord9ances ! ne$ ( man at po9t aft] po9t 9 ! c\rse ( 8 probation4 ,diff]5ces 9 ! mann] ( appo9tm5t or 9 ! range ( application may involve no diff]5ce at all 9 ! reality ( ! p[] ex]cis$ & ! grace convey$4 ,& s we may see ! ,_s-be>+ ,*ur*1 ) :ole-he>t$ recognition ( all ! elem5ts & wants ( human life1 pr(f]+ to m5 ?r\gh visible means ! manifold gifts ( grace ne$$ = _! progress & welf>e 9 ! way until !y rea* ! ,c\ntry4 ,z temptation gr[s m complex & sev]e1 & ! s\l beg9s to realize ! w>f>e t x has to wage1 ! ,p]sonal indwell+ ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 v\*saf$ by ! lay+ on ( h&s1 completes ! prep>ation ( ,*ri/'s soldi]3 z ! desolat+ s5se ( failure ?reat5s to unn]ve ! w & to take su* hold ^u ! s\l t x is n able to look up1 ! au?oritative message ( =giv5ess br+s aga9 ! /r5g? ( purity & ! light ( hope1 & recalls ! scatt]$ =ces ( ! inn] life to expel ! encroa*+ evil & to rega9 :atev] _h be5 lo/4 ,= special vocations !re are special means ( grace2 by ord9ation ,god v\*safes to guilty m5 ! glory ( ! prie/hood3 & 9 ,*ri/ian m>riage ,he conf]s ! grace t hall[s human love to be ! brightness & ! safegu>d ( an e>?ly home1 & ! e>ne/ ( ! home 9 ,heav54 ,& ?us 9 ! manifold employm5t ( ! ,sacram5tal pr9ciple !re aga9 appe>s t *>act]i/ic excell5ce ( ,*ri/ianity :i* is secur$ 9 ! v nature ( ,sacram5ts3 namely1 its recognition ( ! :ole problem ) :i* x claims to deal4 ,x speaks to u z we are3 !re is no true ne$ ( :i* x w n take acc\nt3 x w lead u )\t loss to ! realization ( our entire be+4 7#b7 ,secondly1 ,sacram5ts are a con/ant witness aga9/ our read9ess to =get1 to ignore1 or to expla9 away ! claim ( ,*ri/ianity to p5etrate ! bodily life1 & to affect ! body itself1 repl5i%+ x "h ) p[]s :i* are /range to x1 lift+ x out ( ! rea* or ma/]y ( passions :i* falsely boa/ t !y are cong5ial ) x1 lead+ x on t[>ds its ev]la/+ re/1 beyond all weakness & di%on\r1 9 ! glory ( ,god4 ,?is claim1 ) ! deeply my/]i\s b :olly reasonable hope :i* x eng5d]s1 has be5 set =? by ,hook]1 ) 8 unfalt]+ /r5g? ( ?\ght & words3 ',do? any man d\bt t ev5 f ! fle% ( ,*ri/ our v bodies d receive t life :i* %all make !m glori\s at ! latt] day1 & = :i* !y are already acc\nt$ p>ts ( ,8 bless$ body8 ,our corruptible bodies c\ld nev] live ! life !y %all live1 7 x n t "h !y are jo9$ ) ,8 body1 :i* is incorruptible1 & t ,8 is 9 ours z a cause ( immortality1 a cause by remov+1 ?r\gh ! dea? & m]it ( ,8 own fle%1 t :i* h9d]$ ! life ( ours4 ,*ri/ is !re=e1 bo? z ,god & z man1 t true ,v9e :]e( we bo? spiritually & corporally are bran*es4 ,! mixture ( ,8 bodily sub/ance ) ours is a ?+ :i* ! anci5t ,fa!rs disclaim4 ,yet ! mixture ( ,8 fle% ) ours !y speak (1 to signify :at our v bodies ?r\gh my/ical conjunction receive f t vital efficacy :i* we "k to be 9 ,83 & f bodily mixtures !y borr[ div]s similitudes r to decl>e ! tru?1 ?an ! mann] ( coh]5ce betwe5 ,8 sacr$ & ! sanctifi$ bodies ( sa9ts#djb4' ,! body1 z well z ! _s1 is accessible to ! ,div9e life3 !re are av5ues by :i* ! en]gy ( ,*ri/'s p]fect & glorifi$ manhood c p5etrate1 in=m1 affect1 transfigure our :ole be+1 bodily & spiritual4 ,8 preval5ce 9 ! life ( ! body & ! *ange ,he works 9 x1 may be v gradual1 disc]n$ 9 incoh]5t fragm5ts1 int]rupt$ by surpris+ disappo9tm5ts1 hamp]$ by limitations :i* x w\ld be unlike ,him n[ to ov]be>3 b ! *ange is real4 ,! body is n left in]t & bruti% & un*e]$1 :ile ! _s is be+ c>ri$ on f /r5g? to /r5g?1 ) gr[+ light & fre$om & maje/y3 x also rises at its ,savi\r's t\*1 & f9ds f ,him ! e>ne/ ( its lib]ation & advancem5t4 ,! "w ( grace ^u ! bodily nature ( man may inde$ be a matt] ( :i* we ought n to ?9k save v humbly & t5tatively3 x is easy & p]il\s to ov]/ate or to mis-read ! evid5ce3 b !re is p]il also 9 ignor+ x4 ,! language ( our ,bless$ ,"l2 ! cle> conviction ( ,8 apo/les2 ! intrepid quietude ( ,8 m>tyrs2 ! pati5ce ( ! sa9ts2 _! spl5did & unrivall$ endurance 9 ,8 s]vice2 ! *ange t may be m>k$ 9 ! looks & voices & in/9ctive acts ( "s :o seem to be mo/ ne>ly ,83--"h is su* guidance = ?\ght & hope z we ought n to dismiss because we _c make up a !ory ab\t x4 ,!re are real facts--?\gh !y may be fragm5t>y1 & require v c>eful h&l+--to w>rant u 9 pray+ t our s9ful bodies may be made clean by ,8 body1 z well z t our s\ls may be wa%$ by ,8 mo/ preci\s blood4 ,x is ?is tru?1 ) ! high] aspirations1 ! m v5tur\s hopes & ef=ts :i* x sugge/s1 t ! ,sacram5tal sy/em ( ! ,*ur* keeps 9 its due prom95ce4 ,x is at all ev5ts n incongru\s to ?9k t ! spiritual grace :i* is convey$ by visible means may pass ?r\gh our spiritual nature to tell ^u t :i* is visible4 ,he :o comes spiritually "u a visible =m may well be believ$ to "w spiritually ^u a visible nature4 ,x is n1 ( c\rse1 to be ?\ght = a mom5t t our bodies c at all aft] _! own mann] receive t ,food :i* is :olly spiritual3 nor t ! visible elem5t 9 a ,sacram5t gives to our bodies any hold ^u ! invisible grace1 any p[] to appropriate to !mselves by _! own prop] en]gies t :i* is incorporeal & supra-s5su\s4 ',only ! s\l or _s ( man c take 9 & fe$ ^u a spiritual nutrim5t#djc3' x is only 7s f> z our ?\ghts c g7 ?r\gh ! av5ue1 by ! m$ium ( ! fai?ful s\l t ! spiritual =ce ( ! ,sacram5t c p5etrate to ! body4 ,b ! fact t ! spiritual virtue comes to u "u a =m ( :i* our bodily s5ses take cognizance is at lea/ a pl$ge t ! body is n =gott5 9 ! "w ( sanctification4 ,& x is some?+ m ?an ?is3--x is an assurance ( t invasion & p5etration ( ! mat]ial by ! spiritual :i* is ! v gr\nd ( all our hope = ! r$emption ( ! body4 ,!re is 9 ! v nature ( a ,sacram5t ! =eca/ ( "s su* hope z ?is3--t ,he :o said ( ! mat]ial bread ',?is is ,my ,body1' may1 9 ,8 own "t1 ?r\gh *anges :i* we _c imag9e1 take to ,himself & lift into ! transfigur+ realm ( _s our mat]ial bodies z well z our s\ls2 seiz+1 disclos+1 p]fect+ capacities :i* "u _! pres5t conditions we h>dly suspect 9 !m4 ,&1 p]haps1 yet m ?an ?is may be said3 = !re w\ld seem to be w>rant = tru/+ t1 9 spite ( all h9drance & delay1 ,8 ^w ( p[] ev5 n[ goes =? t[>ds ?is "w1 & 9 ! holy ,eu*>i/ has its efficacy ?r\gh\t our :ole nature4 ,x is ! ?\ght to :i* ,hook] po9ts 9 words ( endless import3 '!re ensue? a k9d ( transub/antiation 9 u1 a true *ange bo? ( s\l & body1 an alt]ation f dea? to life2' words :i* re/ on ^? ( ,s4 ,ir5aeus3 ',z bread f ! e>? receiv+ ! invocation ( ,god is no long] common bread b ! ,eu*>i/1 consi/+ ( two ?+s1 an e>?ly & a heav5ly2 s our bodies also receiv+ ! ,eu*>i/ are no long] corruptible1 hav+ ! hope ( ! ,resurrection#djd4' ,alike 9 u & 9 ! ,sacram5t ! p[]s ( ! _w to come invade ! pres5t1 & already move t[>ds ! victory :i* %all be h]eaft]4 7#c7 ,& ?us1 9 ! ?ird place1 ! m9i/ry ( ,sacram5ts is a p]petual prophecy ( ! glory t %all be reveal$ 9 u2 ! glory t %all p]vade & transfigure our :ole be+4 ',till ,he come2' 'until ,8 com+ aga92' t note ( expectancy1 ( look+ t[>ds ! ea/ & wat*+ = ! return ( a great light1 discloses a deep tru? ab\t ! ,*ri/ian ,sacram5ts4 ,!y sanction & confirm1 z ev]-pres5t witnesses ( a ,div9e ass5t1 c]ta9 ?\ghts :i* w n let m5 re/ 9 any l[ cont5tm5t ) ! ?+s ( "t--) ! approval1 ! success1 ! gratification1 or ! sy/ems ( ?is _w4 ,!y decl>e ) a p]petual insi/5ce ! my/]i\sness ( our pres5t be+3 !y h a c]ta9 fell[%ip ) ^? /range fla%es & pulsations we h felt ( a life :i* seems a/ray & ali5 "h1 :i* yet someh[ sugge/s ! ?\ght t c\ld we commit ourselves :olly to its guidance1 c\ld we be repl5i%$ ) its p[]1 we %\ld n walk 9 d>kness1 b r1 ev5 9 ?is _w1 be z ! *ildr5 ( light3--& s !y take ! side ( fai? & pati5ce aga9/ ! attractions ( complet5ess & security & a*ievem5t & repose4 ,= !y (f] to guide into ! way ( peace1 to welcome into an ord]$1 hall[$1 c\rse ( lov+ s]vice & ( /eady gr[?1 ^? pass+ ?rills ( an int5s] life1 :i* if !y be =gott51 d5i$1 misund]/ood1 or surr5d]$ to ! abuse ( wilfulness & vanity1 may s subtly & t]ribly be unto u an occasion ( fall+4 ,x is giv5 sometimes to a poet to s9k a %aft1 z x 71 into ! v dep?s ( ! inn] life3 to p5etrate its secret treasuries1 & to return1 ,prome!us-l1 ) a gift ( fire & ( light to m54 ,! v5turesome words t record su* a mom5t ( p5etration & insight nev] lose _! p[]3 !y seem to h caught some?+ ( ! ev]la/+ fre%ness ( t _w ( :i* !y speak3 & "o man aft] ano!r may f9d 9 !m1 at "s "t ( ne$ or gladness or awak5+1 ! utt]ance ( ?\ghts :i* else he might h be5 too %y or too fa9t-he>t$ to ackn[l$ge ev5 to himself4 ,!re is su* a spl5did v5ture ( c\rage = ! tru?'s sake 9 ^? l9es ( ,wordswor? :i* surely no famili>ity c deprive ( _! claim to rev]5ce & gratitude2 ! l9es 9 :i* he tells 8 ?ankfulness1 ,= ^? ob/9ate que/ion+s ,( s5se & outw>d ?+s1 ,fall+s f u1 vani%+s2 ,blank misgiv+s ( a creature ,mov+ ab\t 9 worlds n realiz$1 ,high in/9cts be=e :i* our mortal nature ,did tremble l a guilty ?+ surpriz$3 4444 ,^? fir/ affections1 ,^? %ad[y recollections1 ,:i*1 be !y :at !y may1 ,are yet ! f\nta9-light ( all our day1 ,are yet a ma/]-light ( all our see+2 ,uphold u1 *]i%1 & h p[] to make ,our noisy ye>s seem mom5ts 9 ! be+ ,( ! et]nal ,sil5ce4 ,x may be d\bt$1 :e!r any life is left :olly unvisit$ by "s misgiv+1 "s dim1 falt]+ in/9ct1 "s pulse ( hope or sorr[1 :i* is ak9 to t :i* ^! words disclose2 & ! mom5ts ( su* visitation are ! supreme opportunities ( a human s\l1 ! crises ( its trag$y4 ,!n ! ?+s t belong to its peace are be+ pr(f]$ to x2 !n ! ,sibyl /&s be=e x ) ! treasures ( unimag9$ wisdom4 ,we rise1 & we live & gr[ & see by ! "r und]/&+ & employm5t ( su* mom5ts2 by ! fre% acts ( self-committal :i* !y r5d] possible3 & 9 all ! inf9ite pa?os ( ?is _w !re is no mis]y comp>able ) ?is--t !y %\ld cease to tr\ble u4 ,:atev] a man may believe or disbelieve1 he w d well to tru/ ^! mom5ts :5 !y come3 &1 p]haps1 if he has grace to "k & use !m1 he may be ne>] to ! k+dom ( ,god ?an he at all suspects4 ,b ,*ri/ianity does n leave su* '%oots ( ev]la/+ness' :olly unexpla9$ or unprovid$ =4 ,!y are 9 tru? ! f\nta9 light ( all our see+1 = !y are ! disclosure1 ! ass]tion1 ! /epp+ =w>d ( ,8 pres5ce :o alone su/a9s our life1 our ?\ght1 our love4 ,&1 be+ ?is1 !y are !re=e also ! tok5s1 ! em]g+ witness ( a "w t has begun 9 u1 a life t is a/ir1 a process ( *ange t may be c>ri$ =w>d to an issue :i*1 ev5 fa9tly surmis$1 might make all o!r desire die away 9 u4 ,t we %\ld be p]fectly set free f s92 t ,god %\ld s dwell 9 u & p]vade our :ole be+ t no "p %\ld lag beh9d ! o!r2 t :atsoev] weakness or reluctance or co>s5ess may h clung ab\t ! body "h %\ld utt]ly pass away1 be+ driv5 back by ! victori\s onset ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 claim+ u :olly1 body1 s\l1 & _s = ,8 own2 t :atsoev] pure & true delight has "h engag$ u %\ld be f\nd1 faultless & unwe>i$1 9 t en]gy :i* %all be at once our "w & our re/ = ev]2--?is is h[ ,*ri/ianity repres5ts to u ! end ( our developm5t3 & if inde$ ! p[]s :i* are to a*ieve s va/ a *ange are already sett+ ab\t _! "w 9 u1 x is n /range t we %\ld be di/urb$ n[ & !n ) "s suspicion ( x4 ,we may und]/& alike ! sev]ity ( ext]nal discipl9e1 & ! %>p di/urbance & upheaval ( any?+ l complac5cy1 9 a nature t is be+ "h l$ on t[>ds s spl5did & inconceivable a transfiguration4 ,b ,*ri/ianity does n m]ely decl>e to u ! orig9 & mean+ ( ^! /range invasions ( our ord9>y life2 ^! em]g+s1 z x 71 ( t :i* is beh9d our normal activity1 :5 ! light1 ! /r5g?1 ! love 9 :i* alone we live seems to pu% aside ! curta9 on :i* ! backgr\nd ( our daily life is pa9t$1 & to appe> unveil$ among ! ?+s ( "t4 ,he :o telle? ! numb] ( ! />s & calle? !m all by _! names1 ,he :o s5de? ! spr+s into ! valleys1 & sweetly & mightily ord]e? all ?+s2 ,he w\ld n h ^! mom5ts ( int5s] life1 ( ke5] consci\sness1 ( quick] & m excell5t gr[?1 to be prec>i\s & unacc\ntable1 to be abrupt & arbitr>y z ! ru% ( ! meteor :i* is gone be=e ! eye has cle>ly se5 x1 or c\ld use its light4 ,!y come f ,him2 !y are ! mom5ts 9 :i* ,he makes ,8 p[] to be kn[n2 9 :i* ,8 h& is felt1 & ,8 voice p]vades ! s\l2 ! mom5ts :5 ,8 pres5ce advances1 z x 71 & b5ds ov] u1 & we "k t x is ,he1 ,himself4 ,& mu/ we m]ely wait 9 blank & idle helplessness = t :i* we s greatly ne$2 = t :i* is our only s\rce ( /r5g? & gr[?8 ,mu/ we wait1 flagg+ & fruitless1 ) j a vague hope t ! quick5+ pres5ce may *ance to visit u aga91 light+ on u ) arbitr>y b5efic5ce1 z ! insect lights ^u ! plant1 t x may br+ =? fruit 9 due season8 ,mu/ we wond] ?r\gh days & mon?s1 yes1 & ?r\gh ye>s p]haps ( dim & desolate bewild]m5t1 :e!r x 0 a real pres5ce t came to u2 ) no?+ b ! fad+ memory ( an individual & unconfirm$ impression to su/a9 our hope1 to keep ! door aga9/ ! ga!r+ =ces ( d\bt & worldl9ess & despair8 ,mu/ we f9d our way z be/ we c1 by guidance giv5 long ago1 imp]fectly realiz$ ev5 !n1 & m & m hazily rememb]$1 m dre>ily inadequate z "t goes on1 & ! pa? gr[s r\gh] & less cle>8 ,is ! greate/ ef=t to be dem&$ ( u j :5 our /r5g? is lea/ & our light l[e/#dje8 ,surely x is n ,8 way to be ?us arbitr>y 9 compassion1 ?us desultory & prec>i\s 9 %ew+ m]cy4 ,surely ,he w\ld n h u /ray & fa9t & suff] ?us4 ,no1 ,8 compassions fail n2 &1 ) ! ord]l9ess ( a fa!r's love1 ,he has made u sure ( all we ne$2 & ! hi/oric ,*ur* & ! triumphs ( ,8 sa9ts decl>e t ,he is true4 ,he has1 ) ! c]ta9ty ( ,8 own un*ang+ ^w1 promis$ t ! unse5 gift1 :i* is ! p[] ( sa9tl9ess 9 s9ful man1 %all be giv5 to all fai?ful1 humble s\ls by ord]$ means ?r\gh appo9t$ acts4 ,we ne$ n vaguely hope t we may someh[ receive ,8 grace2 = ,he has told u :]e & h[ we are to f9d x1 & :at are ! conditions ( its unh9d]$ entrance into our s\ls4 ,we ne$ n be always go+ back to wond] :e!r our s9s h be5 =giv51 or labori\sly /irr+ up ! gl[ ( a pa/ conviction2 = !re is a m9i/ry :i* ,he has emp[]$ to convey to u t cleans+ glory :i* is ev] ready to transfigure p5it5ce into peace & ?anksgiv+4 ,we ne$ n live an utt]ly unequal life1 /umbl+ to & fro betwe5 our ideal & our c>icature#djf2 = ,he has prep>$ = u a way :i* leads f /r5g? to /r5g?2 & we "k :]e ,he is ready to meet u & to repl5i% u ) life & light4 ,!re is a glory t %all be reveal$ 9 u2 & "h on e>? we may s draw ne> & take x to ourselves t its quiet incom+ tide may m & m p]vade our be+2 ) radiance ev] /eadi] & m trans=m+2 till1 9 ?is _w & beyond x1 ,he has made a p]fect "w3 till we are :olly rul$ & gladd5$ by ,8 pres5ce1 & :olly wr\ght into ,8 image4 ,= n by vague waves ( feel+ or by mom5ts ( exp]i5ce :i* admit no c]ta9 measure1 no unv>y+ te/1 no objective v]ification1 b by an actual *ange1 a cleans+ & r5ewal ( our manhood1 a trans=mation :i* we c m>k 9 human lives & human faces1 or trace 9 t /range trait ( sa9tl9ess :i* ,*ri/ianity has wr\ght into ! r\gh fabric ( human hi/ory1 may ! reality ( ,sacram5tal grace be kn[n on e>?2 kn[n cle>ly en\gh1 at all ev5ts1 to make u hopeful ab\t its p]fect "w 9 ^? :o %all h]eaft] be pres5t$ faultless 9 body1 s\l & _s be=e ! ?rone ( ,god4 #cgg ,9 ,rabbi ,b5 ,ezra ! true measure ( su* "w's b5efic5ce is %ewn3-- ,n on ! vulg> mass ,call$ '"w1' mu/ s5t5ce pass1 ,?+s done1 t took ! eye & _h ! price2 ,o'er :i*1 f level /&1 ,! l[ _w laid its h&1 ,f\nd /raightway to its m9d1 c\ld value 9 a trice3 ,b all ! _w's co>se ?umb ,& f+] fail$ to plumb1 ,s pass$ 9 mak+ up ! ma9 acc\nt2 ,all in/9cts immature1 ,all purposes unsure1 ,t weigh$ n z 8 "w1 yet swell$ ! man's am\nt4 #cgh ,cf4 ,a4 ,knox1 ,rema9s1 ii4 #ach4 #cgi ,cf4 ,plato1 ,pha$o1 #he ,c1 ,d4 #chj ,h4 ,p4 ,liddon1 ,"s ,elem5ts ( ,religion1 pp4 #aaf1 #aag4 ,cf4 ! wond]ful v5ture t[>ds a conception ( ! disembodi$ s\l & ( its mann] ( life1 9 ! ,dream ( ,g]ontius3 & also 9 ,battle & ,aft]1 by ,r4 ,/4 ,john ,tyr:itt1 p4 #g4 #cha ,lotze1 ,microcosmus1 ,bk4 ,,iii4 c4 i4 #b4 #chb ,cf4 ,t4 ,h4 ,gre51 ,prolegom5a to ,e?ics1 ,bk4 ,,ii4 *4 ii4 #abe1 #abf4 #chc ,a4 ,knox1 ,rema9s1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bbh1 #bbi4 ,! writ] ( ?is essay desires to ackn[l$ge ) gratitude ! help he has f\nd 9 ! rem>kable treatise "h ref]r$ to4 #chd ,cf4 ,hook]1 ,v4 liv4 #f4 #che ,cf4 ,a4 ,knox1 ii4 #baj4 #chf ,h4 ,p4 ,liddon1 ,bampton ,lectures1 pp4 #aja-aje4 #chg ,cf4 ,s4 ,john iii4 #c-ac2 vi4 #ea-fg4 #chh #a ,cor4 x4 #ag2 ,gal4 iii4 #bg1 #bh2 ,eph4 iv4 #e4 #chi ,acts ii4 #ch1 #da1 #db4 #cij ,cf4 ,rom4 vi4 #c1 #d2 ,gal4 iii4 #bg1 #bh2 ,col4 ii4 #ab1 #bj-bc4 #cia ,cf4 #a ,cor4 x4 #ag1 xii4 #be1 #bf4 #cib ,w4 ,%irley1 ,! ,*ur* 9 ! ,apo/olic ,age1 p4 #ajc4 #cic ,mob]ly's ,bampton ,lectures1 pp4 #bi1 #cj4 #cid #a ,cor4 xv4 #dd4 #cie ,cf4 ,pr(essor ,milligan1 ,! ,resurrection ( ,our ,"l1 ,lect4 vi4 ,pt4 i4 c4 #cif ,bright's ,anci5t ,collects1 p4 #aeb4 #cig ,c4 ,gore1 ,roman ,ca?olic ,claims1 p4 #agj4 #cih ,s4 ,?4 iii4 ,qu4 ,,lxv4 ,art4 #a1 #d1 #c4 #cii ,calv4 ,in/4 ,,iv4 xiv4 #bj4 #djj ,conc4 ,trid5t4 ,sess4 ,,vii4 ,c4 iii4 #dja ,ri*>d ,baxt]1 ,confirmation & ,re/auration pp4 #hh1 #hi2 ,ecclesia/ical ,cases ( ,consci5ce1 ,qu4 #ii4 ,cf4 ,j4 ,s4 ,pollock1 ,ri*>d ,baxt] on ! ,sacram5ts1 #eh4 #djb ,hook] ,v4 lvi4 #i3 cf4 ,e4 ,b4 ,pusey1 ,univ]sity ,s]mons1 p4 #aa1 ',?is is 7if we may rev]5tly s speak7 ! ord] ( ! my/]y ( ! ,inc>nation1 t ! ,et]nal ,^w s took our fle% into ,himself1 z to imp>t to x ,8 own inh]5t life2 s !n we p>tak+ ( x1 t life is transmitt$ on to u also1 & n to our s\ls only1 b our bodies also1 s9ce we become fle% ( ,8 fle%1 & bone ( ,8 bone1 & ,he :o is :olly life1 is imp>t$ to u :olly4 ,! ,life :i* ,he is1 spreads ar\nd1 fir/ giv+ its own vitality to t s9less fle% :i* ,he unit$ indissolubly ) ,himself1 & 9 x encircl+ & vivify+ our :ole nature1 & !n1 ?r\gh t bread :i* is ,8 fle%1 f9d+ an entrance to u individually1 p5etrat+ u1 s\l & body & _s1 & irradiat+ & trans=m+ u into ,8 own light & life4' #djc ,j4 ,b4 ,mozley1 ,lectures & o!r ,!ological ,pap]s1 p4 #bjd4 #djd ,hook] ,v4 lxvii4 #aa2 ,s4 ,ir5aeus iv4 #ah4 #dje ,cf4 ,a4 ,knox1 ii4 #bcd-f4 #djf ,cf4 ,m>t5s51 ,*ri/ian ,dogmatics1 p4 #ahb4 ,,xi4 ,,*ri/ianity ,,& ,,politics4 ,w4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,campion4 ,! aim ( ?is essay is to inve/igate "s ( ! relations ( ,*ri/ianity to human society1 & to po9t out "s ( ! ma9 l9es ( influ5ce :i* ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* br+s to be> on ! organiz$ c5tres ( social life4 ,we are met at ! outset by two widely-diff]+ conceptions ( ! mode & direction 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity acts z a reg5]at+ influ5ce on ! life ( mank9d4 ,on ! "o side1 ,*ri/ianity is id5tifi$ ) civilization1 & ! function ( ! ,*ur* is reg>d$ z simply ! ga!r+ up1 f age to age1 ( ! high] aspirations ( mank9d3 h] call is to ent] into1 to sympa?ize )1 & to p]petuate :atev] is pure1 noble1 & ( good report1 9 laws & in/itutions1 9 art1 music1 & poetry1 9 indu/ry & comm]ce1 z well z 9 ! moral & religi\s usages & beliefs1 ( mank9d4 ,*ri/ianity is ?us n a high] ord]1 /&+ ov] aga9/ & correct+ a l[]1 b is itself ! product or r ! natural outgr[? ( ! progressive moral consci\sness ( mank9d4 ,! value ( ?is mode ( ?\ght is 9 emphasiz+ ! sacr$ness ( secul> int]e/s & duties1 & 9 its prote/ aga9/ divid+ ! field ( consci5ce1 & assign+ to ! "o "p a great] sanctity ?an to ! o!r4 ',z our salvation dep5ds z c]ta9ly ^u our behavi\r 9 ?+s relat+ to civil life1 z 9 ?+s relat+ to ! s]vice ( ,god1 x foll[s t !y are bo? equally matt]s ( consci5ce & salvation#djg4' ,its weakness lies 9 its n suffici5tly recognis+ "o decisive fact ( human nature1 ! fact ( s94 ,no "o1 z x seems to u1 look+ at human nature1 9 himself or o!rs1 ) cle>1 op51 unprejudic$ eyes1 c d\bt ! exi/5ce ( s91 its corrupt+ influ5ce on ! :ole nature1 & yet its fundam5tal unnaturalness4 ,b if /ates & societies are z ! individuals :o compose !m1 !n any !ory ( society mu/ re/ on a !ory ( man2 & ! !ory ( man is imp]fect unless x recognises ! fact ( s94 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! recoil f secul>ism1 or ! ov]:elm+ s5se ( ! p[] & de/ructiv5ess ( s9 9 ! lives ( m5 & ( societies1 leads o!rs to draw %>p ! di/9ction betwe5 ?+s sacr$ & ?+s secul>4 ,! ord] ( ?+s1 x is said1 ( :i* ! ,inc>nation is ! />t+-po9t1 is admitt$ly high] ?an t secul> ord] :i* exi/$ be=e x1 & :i* ev5 n[ surr\nds x z d>kness encompasses light4 ,let u put on "o side political life1 local & national int]e/s1 all t sph]e ( mix$ social relations1 :i* is s imp]fect1 s full ( fi]ce passions1 ( /rife1 envy1 & ambition1 s productive ( di/ractions & entanglem5ts4 ,let u conc5trate our own ?\ghts on s91 & devote our own lives to its rem$y4 ,let u at lea/ keep our own h&s clean1 & use = our own discipl9e t n>r[] sph]e :i* is suffici5t4 ,no d\bt individuals w f9d _! vocation 9 "s su* attitude z ?is3 & = "s x may be wise to ab/a9 f political & social int]e/s1 9 ord] ?us to /r5g!n _! influ5ce 9 o!r directions4 ,b we are n n[ consid]+ ! call ( individual ,*ri/ians1 b ! attitude ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* z a :ole3 & x w\ld be easy to accumulate ref]5ces to %ew t ! lead+ m9ds ( ,*ri/5dom h decl9$ to recognise1 except 9 cases ( special vocation1 z ! duty ( ,*ri/ians1 ! abdication ( responsibility = ! problems1 ! entanglem5ts1 ! m or less secul> issues ( ! ord9>y social life ( mank9d4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 ! words ( a mod]n writ]1 has bo? to deliv] humanity f its limitations1 & to br+ x to a true k ( itself#djh4 ,^! two conceptions ( ! relation ( ! ,*ri/ian society to ! issues & int]e/s ( ! life amid :i* x moves1 correspond to two aspects ( ! ,inc>nation1 :i* ! deepe/ ,*ri/ian ?\ght holds 9 solution4 ,on ! "o side1 ! human life ( ! ,^w ( ,god may be reg>d$ z a fulfilm5t1 ! re/oration ( an ord]1 m>r$1 inde$1 & brok51 b nev] completely lo/1 ! b9d+ toge!r ( all tru?1 all goodness1 all beauty1 into "o p]fect life2 on ! o!r1 x is a rev]sal1 ! beg9n+ ( a new ord]1 ! undo+ ( a great wrong :i* has eat5 deep into human nature1 ! lift+ up ( mank9d out ( ! helpless slav]y ( s9 into ! fre$om ( righte\sness4 ,^! two aspects ( ! ,inc>nation are n contradictory b complem5t>y4 ,h[ev] difficult x may be = u to f9d _! unity 9 ?\ght1 !y _h _! unity 9 a life4 ,9 ! same way1 ! problem ) :i* ,*ri/ianity has to deal 9 its relations to human society has two sides4 ,x _c hold itself alo( f ! great curr5ts & movem5ts ( t ev]-fl[+ & ebb+ human life1 9 :i* x %>es1 :i* x has to r$eem1 to purify1 & to quick54 ',9 ! great sea ( human society1 "p ( x1 yet di/+ui%able f x1 is ! /ream ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,*ur*#dji4' ,& yet x has to ma9ta91 z a debt x owes to future g5]ations z well z ! pres5t1 ! purity ( its own moral /&>d1 ! indep5d5ce ( its own deepe/ life4 ,to spiritualize life )\t ceas+ to be spiritual1 to ma9ta9 a high morality :ile at ! same "t int]-p5etrat+ a non-,*ri/ian or v imp]fectly ,*ri/ianiz$ society ) its own moral habits & mann]s1 is a task :i* presupposes great cohesion & t5acity on ! "p ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,& x is = t reason t 9 speak+ ( ! ,*ur* we %all h ma9ly 9 view t solid1 highly articulat$1 p]man5t core ( ,*ri/5dom#daj1 :i*1 h[ev] brok5 into fragm5ts1 & weak5$ by its own divisions1 ma9ta9s a cle>ly-m>k$ type1 on ! side ( doctr9e 9 its cre$s & sacr$ writ+s1 on ! side ( wor%ip 9 its sacram5ts & traditional liturgies1 on ! side ( organization 9 its m9i/ry1 z well z hold+ ! life ( ,*ri/ its /&>d ( p]fect liv+4 ,^? ,*ri/ian bodies :i* float1 m or less closely knit toge!r1 ar\nd ! c5tral core ( ! ,*ur*1 h (t5 r5d]$ great s]vices 9 advanc+ on special po9ts ! /&>d ( social & p]sonal morality1 & !y are m flexible1 & able rapidly to ?r[ !mselves into new crusades2 b x may well be d\bt$ if _! "w c\ld h be5 done at all )\t ! m rigid & /able body beh9d !m1 ) its sl[ movem5ts1 b great] ,ca?olicity ( aim & sympa?y2 & c]ta9ly x w\ld 9 ! long run h be5 bett] done1 if1 l ! great mona/ic bodies1 !y _h rema9$ z di/9ct organizations )9 ! ,*ur*4 ,:at1 !n1 is ! attitude ( ! ,*ur* t[>ds human society1 & especially t[>ds human society z ga!r$ up & conc5trat$ 9 ,/ates8 ,:at duties does x recognise t[>ds nations1 t[>ds human society z a :ole8 ,i4 ,!re is a c]ta9 ord] ( debat$ que/ions1 on :i* x _c be said t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is pl$g$ to "o side or ! o!r--%e leaves !m op54 ,individual ,*ri/ians take "o side or ! o!r4 ,! ,*ri/ian society recognises t ! diff]5ces are due to div]sities ( temp]am5t & national "*1 & to ! v>y+ conditions "u :i* human societies live1 & !re=e t !y may be be/ left to human exp]i5ce to solve4 ,9 ?is class ( que/ions w\ld come ! problem debat$ s9ce ! "t ( ,h]odotus1 b to :i* no g5]al answ] is really possible1 ,:at is ! be/ =m ( gov]nm5t8 ,on ?is problem ! ,*ur* is1 s to speak1 frankly opportuni/4 ,"h we may quote ! view ( ,s4 ,augu/9e1 z /at$ 9 ! ,de ,civitate ,dei#daa3 ',! ,heav5ly ,city1 9 its w&]+s on e>?1 summons its citiz5s f among all nations 444 be+ itself indiff]5t to :atev] diff]5ces !re may be 9 ! cu/oms1 laws1 & in/itutions by :i* e>?ly peace is s\ght aft] or pres]v$1 n resc9d+ or de/roy+ any ( !m1 b r keep+ & foll[+ aft] !m z diff]5t means adopt$ by diff]5t races = obta9+ ! "o common end ( e>?ly peace1 provid$ only !y are no ob/acle to ! religion by :i* m5 are taught ! wor%ip ( ! "o supreme & true ,god4' ,9 ! same _s1 9 8 dialogue ,de lib]o ,arbitrio#dab1 he dwells on ! mutable "* ( human law4 ,t law is temporal1 :i*1 '?\gh j1 may yet be ju/ly *ang$ f "t to "t1' i4e4 z ! conditions *ange4 ,?us1 a ,democracy is be/ adapt$ to a grave & temp]ate p1 public-spirit$ & will+ to make sacrifices = ! common good2 :ile x is bett] = a m corrupt1 m easily flatt]$ p1 gre$y ( private ga91 to be "u an ,ari/ocracy or a ,mon>*y4 ,or if we wi% = a m mod]n /atem5t ( ! traditional view ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 we %all f9d x 9 an encyclical lett]#dac ( ,leo ,,xiii3 ',! "r ( sov]eignty 9 itself is n necess>ily unit$ ) any p>ticul> =m ( gov]nm5t3 x c rightly assume1 n[ "o =m1 n[ ano!r1 provid$ only t ea* ( ^! =ms does 9 v de$ secure useful results & ! common good4' ,x w be notic$ t two qualifications are introduc$1 ! "o by ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ! o!r by ,pope ,leo1 limit+ _! acceptance ( all =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,x is possible = ,*ri/ian citiz5s to take an active "p 9 e de facto gov]nm5t :i* 7#a7 does n h9d] ! free & peaceable practice ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 & 7#b7 ^: real aim is ! common good1 & :i* does1 9 fact1 "w = ! advantage ( its subjects4 ,n all gov]nm5ts1 ev5 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 satisfy ^! te/s4 ,9 ! same way1 !re h be5 ! wide/ diff]5ces betwe5 ,*ri/ian ?9k]s on ! mo/ important que/ions1 9 :i* autocratic & democratic lean+s %ew !mselves1 su*1 = in/ance1 z t ( ! orig9 ( sov]eignty1 i4e4 ( t rule ( man ov] man1 :i* is ! f\ndation ( civil society4 ,! view indicat$1 ?\gh n work$ out by ,s4 ,augu/9e#dad1 t ! rule ( man ov] man _h its orig9 9 ! ,fall1 & 0 !re=e "p ( ! second>y1 n ! prim>y condition ( mank9d1 is us$ by ,gregory ,,vii z a weapon ( assault on ! temporal p[]1 by ,bossuet z a safe gr\nd on :i* to re/ ! duty ( ob$i5ce to an absolute ,mon>*y4 ,! o!r side is tak5 by ,s4 ,?omas ,aqu9as4 ,he f9ds ! orig9 ( temporal rule 9 ! social nature ( man1 accept+ & mak+ 8 own ! ,ari/otelian acc\nt ( man z by nature a be+ fitt$ = a common life4 ,?us1 9 a /ate ( innoc5ce1 !re w\ld h be5 no slav]y inde$1 b gov]nm5t1 ) its recognition ( ! diff]5ces 9 ability & k among m51 & ( ! consequ5t duty incumb5t on ! wise & exp]i5c$ ( us+ _! faculties = ! common good4 ,political rule w\ld ?us be1 n a consequ5ce ( s91 b a result ( man's inh]5tly social nature4 ,diff]5ces su* z ^! among ^? :o equally />t f fundam5tally ,*ri/ian presuppositions c only be tak5 to %ew t we are wrong 9 suppos+ t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* is b\nd up ) ei!r ( ! two great political lean+s :i* h appe>$ 9 civil communities 9 all ages ( ! _w1 & :i* h _! gr\nd 9 human nature itself4 ',9 e c\ntry ( civiliz$ man1 ackn[l$g+ ! rights ( prop]ty1 & by means ( det]m9$ b\nd>ies & common laws1 unit$ into "o p or nation1 ! two antagoni/ p[]s or opposite int]e/s ( ! ,/ate 444 are ^? ( p]man5ce & ( progression#dae4' ,! ,*ur* recognises ^! div]se p[]s or int]e/s z natural1 & !re=e accepts ! fact ( _! exi/5ce1 )\t id5tify+ h]self ) ei!r ( !m4 ,,ii4 ,b x w\ld surely be a mi/ake to suppose t because ! ,*ur* is neutral on c]ta9 que/ions ( ,politics1 t !re=e %e has no direct tea*+ to give on ! vital que/ions :i* arise ) reg>d to ! organiz$ common life ( mank9d4 ,9 ! reb\nd f ! m9imiz+ views ( ! function ( ! ,/ate1 :i* 7 associat$ 9 ,engl& ) ! ,ric>dian ,s*ool ( ,economics & ! philosophic ,radicalism ( ,j4 ,s4 ,mill1 m5 are ready to g all l5g?s 9 exalt+ ! position ( ! ,/ate z ! moral guide ( social life4 ,! t5d5cy is to assign ! :ole sph]e ( public morals to ! ,/ate1 & 'private' morals to ! individual1 act+1 if he pleases1 "u ! guidance ( "o or o!r ( ! ,*ri/ian bodies4 ,h[ev] mu* we may welcome ! fre] recognition ( corporate responsibility1 & ! nobl] conception ( ! ,/ate z hav+ a moral end2 yet we _c help p]ceiv+ t c]ta9 limitations are1 z by a self-act+ law1 impos$ on its moral influ5ce4 7#a7 ,! ,/ate has be5 call$ ! 'arm$ consci5ce ( ! community#daf4' ,look$ at on ! moral side1 z a guide ( ! consci5ce ( individuals1 its arms are its defect4 ,b t defect is n rem$iable3 x is inevitable4 ,= ! ,/ate has to deal ) v>i\s grades ( "*1 respond+ to a va/ complexity ( motives1 :i* may be r\ghly classifi$ "u ?ree heads1 ^? ( duty1 self-int]e/1 fe> ( puni%m5t4 ,to "s 'y ought' is a suffici5t appeal1 to o!rs 'y _h bett]1' :ile to a ?ird class ! only effective appeal is 'y mu/4' ,n[ ! ,/ate 9 ord] to p]=m its mo/ elem5t>y bus9ess1 t ( secur+ ! conditions ( an ord]$ & civiliz$ life1 has to deal fir/ ( all ) ^? :o are only susceptible ( ! l[e/ motive1 ! dread ( puni%m5t4 ,& 9 deal+ ) !m1 x mu/ ( necessity use co]cive =ce#dag4 ,b ! =ce-associations :i* ?us gr[ up ar\nd all ,/ate-action weak5 & en]vate its appeal to ! high] motives1 ^? ( duty & rational self-int]e/4 ,! v suspicion ( compulsion ta9ts ! act done f duty4 ,aga91 !re c be little d\bt ( ! va/ influ5ce ex]cis$ on morals by human law & in/itutions4 ,x is well kn[n to ^? :o are at all acqua9t$ ) ! life ( ! poor 9 l>ge t[ns1 t 9 _m cases consci5ce is ma9ly in=m$ by positive law4 ,b all t human law c d is to secure a m9imum ( morality#dah4 ,no d\bt x is true t indirectly positive law c d some?+ m ?an ?is1 because good citiz5s w ab/a9 f all actions :i*1 9 h[ev] remote a degree1 are likely to br+ !m into collision ) ! law4 ,b 9 ! ma9 x is true to say t :at law c secure is ! obs]vance on pa9 ( puni%m5t ( a m9imum moral /&>d1 :i* itself %ifts ) ! public op9ion ( society1 ris+ z x rises1 fall+ z x falls4 ,c]ta9ly ! ,/ate is sacr$3 x is '( ,god'3 x is no necess>y evil3 b a noble organ ( good liv+4 ,b yet !re are ^! natural limitations to ! effective ex]cise ( its functions1 z a moral guide4 ,fir/ly1 x has to use =ce1 &1 !re=e1 its appeal to ! high] motive is weak5$4 ,secondly1 x c only secure a m9imum ( morality1 %ift+ ) ! g5]al morality ( ! community4 ,n[ x is exactly at ^! po9ts t ! ,*ur* /eps 9 to supplem5t ! moral action ( ! ,/ate1 n z "o "p supplem5ts ano!r "p ( a s+le :ole1 b r z a high] supplem5ts a l[] ord]4 ,x is 9 its appeal to ! high] motives t ! ,/ate is weak3 x is 9 its appeal to ! high] motives t ! ,*ur* is /rong4 ,if !re h be5 times :5 ! ,*ur* has all[$ h]self to claim or to assume temporal p[]1 or )\t assum+ x1 to be s closely implicat$ ) ! secul> au?ority t ,*ur* & ,/ate appe>$ to m5 z "o body int]e/$ 9 & ma9ta9+ ! exi/+ ord]1 if %e has us$ ! weapons ( p]secution1 or h&$ m5 ov] to ! secul> arm1 !n has %e s f> weak5$ & loos5$ h] own hold on ! high] motives :i* move m5 to action4 ,%e may h become app>5tly m p[]ful1 b x has always be5 at ! co/1 p]haps unp]ceiv$ at ! "t1 ( "s sacrifice ( h] own spirituality1 & ( ! l(t9ess ( t moral appeal 9 :i* h] true /r5g? lies4 ',!re is some?+ 9 ! v _s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* :i* revolts f ! application ( co]cive =ce#dai4' ,& s1 alongside ( ! moral m9ima ( ! secul> law1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ma9ta9s moral maxima1 moral ideals1 or r a moral ideal1 ',be ye !re=e p]fect1 ev5 z y\r ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav5 is p]fect#dbj4' ',till we all come unto a p]fect man1 unto ! measure ( ! /ature ( ! fulness ( ,*ri/#dba4' ,x is n t ! law is und]valu$1 or condemn$1 b t ,*ri/ians are urg$ to br+ _! conduct "u pr9ciples :i* w c>ry !m f> beyond ! m]e ob$i5ce to law4 ,x is suffici5t to quote f ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 ',bless$ are ! meek4444 ,bless$ are ye1 :5 m5 %all revile y1 & p]secute y1 & say all mann] ( evil aga9/ y falsely1 = my sake4444 ,i say unto y1 t ye resi/ n evil3 b :osoev] %all smite !e on ?y "r *eek1 turn to him ! o!r also4 ,& if any man w sue !e at ! law1 & take away ?y coat1 let him h ?y cloke also#dbb4' ,! law & in/itutions ( a p re/ ^u & give expression to a gr\p ( moral pr9ciples & ideals3 !y are n ! only realization ( ^? pr9ciples & ideals1 b "o2 art & lit]ature w\ld be o!rs2 fur!r1 !y realize !m ma9ly on ! negative side1 9 ! mode ( prohibition4 ,z t gr\p ( pr9ciples & ideals *anges1 !y *ange1 sometimes = ! bett]1 sometimes = ! worse4 ,at fir/ sight x seems z if !re 0 no ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ?is respect betwe5 ! laws & in/itutions ( a nation1 & ! mann]s & in/itutions ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 except t ! "o gives a m positive & con/ructive expression to ! moral /&>d ( ! "t ?an ! o!r4 ,b !re is ?is diff]5ce1 t ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* has its moral /&>d 9 ! pa/1 9 ! life ( ! ,son ( ,man2 x too recognises *ange1 z age succe$s age1 b ! new duties are reg>d$ n z new1 b z newly br\ght =? out ( an already exi/+ treasure1 z ! complet] manife/ation "u new conditions ( ! mean+ ( ! life ( ,*ri/4 ,on ! ?re%old ( ,*ri/ian morality !re lies t by :i* all its subsequ5t /ages may be te/$1 & :i* is ! measure ( advance or retrogression4 ,x is ?is p]man5t elem5t1 prec$+ ! elem5t ( *ange & ( developm5t1 9 ,*ri/ian morality1 :i* gives x its au?ority z aga9/ ! moral product ( "o nation or "o age4 ,x is exactly ?is au?ority :i* has enabl$ ! ,*ur* to appeal ) su* =ce to duty z prec$5t to "r1 & to love z high] ?an ju/ice4 ,we c be/ illu/rate ?is /eady appeal to high] motives by trac+ ! /eps by :i* ,*ri/ian tea*]s h br\ght out1 "o by "o1 ! diff]5t aspects ( ! relations ( gov]nors & gov]n$ look$ at 9 ! light ( ,*ri/ian an?ropology & ,*ri/ian sociology4 ,! fir/ pr9ciples gov]n+ ! attitude ( individual ,*ri/ians t[>ds ! v>i\s organizations ( human society are laid d[n 9 ! words ( ,*ri/1 ',r5d] unto ,caes> ! ?+s :i* are ,caes>'s1 & unto ,god ! ?+s t are ,god's#dbc4' ,! comm&1 tak5 9 connection ) its context1 involves two pr9ciples1 fir/1 ! recognition ( ! claims ( civil society1 &1 secondly1 _! limitation by a high] ord] ( claims1 :]e !y come into conflict ) ! fir/4 ,! passage 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans#dbd1 9 :i* ,s4 ,paul deals ) ! duties ( ,*ri/ians t[>ds '! p[]s t be1' is a comm5t>y on 8 ,ma/]'s tea*+4 ,x %ews ! connection ( ! fir/ ( ^! pr9ciples ) ! second1 by trac+ x back to its gr\nd 9 ! w ( ,god4 ,x br+s x into relation to love1 ! c5tral motive ( ! ,*ri/ian "*4 ,briefly summ>iz$1 ! /ages ( ,s4 ,paul's argum5t are z foll[s3 7#a7 he %ews t all p[] is ( ,div9e orig93 '!re is no p[] b ( ,god4' ,?us ^? :o wield secul> p[] are m9i/]s ( ,god4 7#b7 ,! adm9i/ration ( e>?ly rew>ds & puni%m5ts by ! secul> p[] makes = good1 & = ?is reason ,god uses x 9 ,8 gov]nance ( ! _w4 ,!re=e temporal au?ority is to be obey$ 'n only = wra?1 b also = consci5ce sake1' i4e4 n m]ely to avoid e>?ly puni%m5t1 b z a duty4 7#c7 ,?is duty may be reg>d$ z "o application ( ! g5]al maxim ( ju/ice1 ',r5d] to all _! dues4' ,b 7#d7 all ^! scatt]$ dues are to a ,*ri/ian summ$ up "u "o va/ debt1 always 9 process ( paym5t1 b nev] completely paid4 ',owe no man any?+1 b to love "o ano!r4' ',love is ! fulfill+ ( ! law4' ,^! passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t put 9 ! cle>e/ light ! duty ( ob$i5ce to civil au?ority4 ,!y lay d[n its !ological gr\nd 9 ! d]ivation ( all p[] f ,god2 & its moral gr\nd by %ew+ t su* ob$i5ce is "o =m ( ju/ice1 & ju/ice itself "o aspect ( love4 ,!y ?us give to ! comm&s ( ^? wield+ au?ority 9 human society ! firme/ sanctions4 ,if on ! "o side ,*ri/ianity seems to set up consci5ce1 z ! gu>dian ( ! ?+s ( ,god1 aga9/ positive law1 x gives on ! o!r a ,div9e sanction & consecration to ! :ole ord] ( ?+s connect$ ) ! ,/ate by %ew+ its m9i/]ial relation to1 its def9$ place & function 91 ,god's ord]+ ( ! _w4 ,?is 0 ! side ( our ,"l's say+ :i* ne$$ en=c+ on ! ,*ri/ians ( ,s4 ,paul's "t4 ,! civil au?ority 0 ! ,roman ,empire ) its ov]:elm+ =ce & its almo/ entire ext]nality to ,*ri/ianity4 ,! dang]1 !n1 0 ! _s ( passionate revolt aga9/ ! secul> p[]4 ,m5 :o 7 fill$ ) ! new w9e ( ! ,_s1 :o 7 turn+ ! _w upside d[n1 f\nd x h>d to submit to ! decrees ( an ali5 p[]1 wield$ by hea!n3 !y plead$ _! ,*ri/ian lib]ty2 !y c\ld n und]/& t su* a p[] 0 'orda9$ ( ,god4' ,! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs f\nd x suffici5t1 ev5 :5 ! ,roman ,empire 0 gradually becom+ ,*ri/ian1 to br+ home to consci5ces ! tea*+ ( ,s4 ,paul4 ,!re 0 no ne$ !n to emphasize 9 words ! o!r side ( our ,"l's say+4 ,!re 0 little dang] ( undue subs]vi5ce to ! civil p[] be+ reg>d$ ) any?+ b disapproval3 ! dang] 0 ( m5 n giv+ x ! ob$i5ce :i* 0 its due4 ',we hon\r ! ,emp]or1' says ,t]tullian#dbe1 's f> z we may1 & s f> z hon\r is due to him1 z ! fir/ aft] ,god 444 z "o :o has only ,god = 8 sup]ior4' ',if ! ,emp]or dem&s tribute1' says ,ambrose#dbf1 'we d n refuse x3 ! l&s ( ! ,*ur* pay tribute2 if ! ,emp]or wi%es = our l&s1 he has ! p[] to take !m--none ( u w resi/ him 444 we r5d] to ,caes> :at is ,caes>'s4' ,s4 ,augu/9e1 ) 8 ,/oical lean+ & 8 ,roman s5se ( ord]1 0 little incl9$ to enc\rage m5 to resi/1 9 any case1 e/abli%$ p[]s4 ',:at matt]s x "u ^: rule a man lives :o is to die1 provid$ only 8 rul]s d n =ce him to d impi\s & unju/ ?+s#dbg8' ,only 9 "o passage ( ,s4 ,*ryso/om#dbh1 among ! writ]s ( ! fir/ f\r c5turies1 is a gloss giv5 to ,s4 ,paul's words1 ',!re is no p[] b ( ,god1' :i* di/+ui%es ! delegation ( p[] 9 g5]al f ,god1 & ! delegation ( p[] by ,god to any p>ticul> rul]1 & s sugge/s ! possibility ( a de facto rul] to :om ob$i5ce 0 n due4 ,b ?is attitude ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian tea*]s 0 a v diff]5t ?+ f t attitude ( ! ,engli% ,c>ol9e div9es1 :i* gave s fatal a b5t to ! tea*+ ( ! ,engli% ,*ur* ( ! sev5te5? c5tury 9 ! sph]e :i* lies on ! bord]l& ( ,!ology & ,politics4 ,:at ! e>ly ,fa!rs taught _! ,*ri/ian foll[]s 0 t x 0 _! duty to obey 9 secul> matt]s ! p[]s lawfully set ov] !m4 ,:at ! ,engli% div9es taught 0 ! ,div9e "r ( pr9ces & ! subjects' duty ( non-resi/ance4 ,9 ! great battle :i* 0 be+ f\ght out 9 ,engl& betwe5 arbitr>y p[] & fre$om1 !y ?rew ! :ole weight ( ! ,engli% ,*ur* on ! side ( ! =m]4 ,x 0 a fatal error z a matt] ( policy1 = x 0 ! los+ side4 ,b1 :at is h>dly suffici5tly realiz$1 x 0 mo/ untrue to ! tradition ( ! ,*ur*1 & ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,x 0 contr>y to ! tradition ( ! ,*ur*4 ,= aft] ! rise ( ,*ri/ianity to ! high places ( ! _w1 foll[$ by ! break-up ( ! ,roman ,empire1 & ! =mation ( ! m$iaeval ,/ates1 weakly knit toge!r by p]sonal ties1 & ) unc]ta9 claims on ! allegiance ( _! subjects1 two new aspects ( ! relations ( gov]nors & gov]n$ _h be5 br\ght out 9 ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,fir/1 /ress 0 laid on ! duty ( ^? hold+ p[]4 ,emp]ors & k+s1 magi/rates & (fic]s1 :o 7 ,*ri/ians1 _h a claim = guidance & in/ruction 9 ! ex]cise ( _! v>i\s functions4 ,! claim 0 met by %ew+ !m t1 :atev] ! e>?ly s\rce ( au?ority may be1 all j p[] is ( ,god1 & !re=e mu/ be reg>d$1 n z a privilege1 nor z a p]sonal "r1 b z a tru/ to be und]tak5 = ! good ( o!rs1 & z a m9i/ry = ,god & man4 ,?us a gov]nm5t :i* has = its aim any?+ else ?an ! common good is1 prop]ly speak+1 n a gov]nm5t at all4 ,:e!r its =m is mon>*ical or n1 x is simply a tyranny#dbi4 ,secondly1 ! ,middle ,age !ologians supplem5t$ ,s4 ,paul's tea*+ by %ew+ ! possible "r ( resi/ance to an unlawful gov]nm5t1 or to "o t fail$ to p]=m its duties4 ,su* "r ( resi/ance might arise 9 two cases3 7#a7 t ( unju/ acquisition ( p[]1 7#b7 t ( its unju/ use4 ,unju/ acquisition might take place 9 two ways3 7a7 :5 an unwor?y p]son acquir$ p[]1 b by legitimate means3 9 ?is case x 0 ! duty ( subjects to submit1 because ! =m ( p[] came f ,god2 7b7 :5 p[] 0 acquir$ by =ce or fraud3 9 ?is case1 subjects _h ! "r to depose ! rul]1 if !y _h ! p[]1 suppos+1 h[ev]1 t ! illegitimate assumption ( p[] _h n be5 legitimat$ by subsequ5t cons5t4 ,unju/ use might also take place 9 two ways3 7a7 :5 ! rul] comm&$ some?+ contr>y to virtue1 9 :i* case x 0 a duty to disobey2 or 7b7 :5 he w5t outside 8 rights1 9 :i* case subjects 7 n b\nd to obey1 b x 0 n necess>ily _! duty to disobey4 ,& s cases might arise 9 :i* x 0 lawful to enfran*ise oneself1 ev5 f a legitimate p[]4 ',"s :o h receiv$ p[] f ,god1 yet if !y abuse x1 des]ve to h x tak5 f !m4 ,bo? ! "o & ! o!r come ( ,god#dcj4' ,nor 0 ! political tea*+ ( ! ,c>ol9e div9es 9 agreem5t ) ! tradition ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl&4 ,x is n necess>y to g back to ! great ,ar*bi%ops :o l$1 9 e>li] days1 ! /ruggle = ,engli% fre$om4 ,x is suffici5t to recur to ! tea*+ ( ! greate/ ( ,engli% po/-,re=mation !ologians1 at once soak$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh ) ! _s ( ,ca?olic antiquity1 & 9 complete agreem5t ) ! ,engli% ,re=mation settlem5t4 ,ri*>d ,hook] _h no sympa?y ) t doctr9e ( ,div9e "r :i* 8 m$iaeval ma/]s look$ ^u z a quasi-h]etical doctr9e#dca4 ,he f\nd ! fir/ orig9 ( gov]nm5t 9 ! cons5t ( ! gov]n$1 & he anticipates ,hobbes & ,locke 9 8 acc\nt ( ! 'fir/ orig9al conveyance1 :5 p[] 0 d]iv$ f ! :ole into "o#dcb4' ,fur!r1 he po9ts out t ! k+'s p[] is /rictly limit$ 7except 9 ! case ( conque/ or ( special appo9tm5t by ,god71 n only by ! orig9al compact1 b also by aft]-agreem5t made ) ! k+'s cons5t or sil5t all[ance#dcc4 ,& m5 are n b\nd 9 consci5ce to obey su* usurp]s 'z 9 ! ex]cise ( _! p[] d m ?an !y h be5 au?oriz$ to d#dcd4' ,b on ! o!r h&1 he ma9ta9s /rongly1 z aga9/ ^? :o ?\ght t human laws c\ld 9 no sort t\* ! consci5ce1 ! duty ( civil ob$i5ce 9 agreem5t ) ! law ( ,god1 & ! sacr$ness1 ! ',div9e in/itution1' ( duly-con/itut$ au?ority1 :e!r ',god ,himself do? deliv]1 or m5 by light ( nature f9d out ! k9d !re(4' ,?us1 ! ma9 po9ts :i* h be5 br\ght out by ,*ri/ian tea*+ z to ! relation ( ,*ri/ian citiz5s to ! civil au?ority are3 7#a7 fir/ & =emo/1 ! duty ( ob$i5ce = consci5ce' sake1 a duty :i* /&s on ! same level1 & is inve/$ ) ! same sanctions z ! mo/ sacr$ claims2 7#b7 ! duty1 9 case ( ! civil au?ority issu+ comm&s contr>y to virtue or religion1 ( disob$i5ce on ! same gr\nds z ^? :i* lead to ob$i5ce 9 ! =m] case2 7#c7 ! duty ( ^? wield+ au?ority to use x = ! common good1 & s z n to h9d]1 if !y _c promote1 ! ,*ri/ian religion2 7#d7 ! "r1 :i* may be said 9 c]ta9 extreme cases to rise almo/ to a duty1 ( resi/ance to ! arbitr>y or uncon/itutional ext5sion ( au?ority to cases outside its prov9ce4 ,! same emphasis on high] motives is *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ian treatm5t ( ! que/ions connect$ ) prop]ty4 ,*ri/ianity is c]ta9ly n pl$g$ to uphold any p>ticul> =m ( prop]ty z su*4 ,:e!r prop]ty _h bett] be held by individuals1 or by small gr\ps1 z 9 ! case ( ! primitive ,teutonic villages1 or ( ! mod]n ,russian or ,indian village communities1 or aga9 by ! ,/ate1 z is ! proposal ( ,sociali/s1 is a matt] = exp]i5ce & common s5se to decide4 ,b :]e ,*ri/ian e?ics /eps 9 is1 fir/ly1 to %ew t prop]ty is second>y n prim>y1 a means & n an end4 ,?us1 9 s f> z ,socialism looks to ! moral reg5]ation ( society by a m]ely me*anical alt]ation ( ! di/ribution ( ! products ( indu/ry or ( ! mode ( hold+ prop]ty1 x has to be rem9d$ t a *ange ( he>t & w is ! only true />t+-po9t ( moral improvem5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x _c be too (t5 ass]t$ t ! accumulation ( ri*es is n 9 itself a good at all4 ,nei!r ri*es nor pov]ty make m5 bett] 9 !mselves4 ,_! effect on "* dep5ds on ! use made ( !m1 ?\gh no d\bt ! responsibility ( ^? :o h prop]ty is great]1 because !y h "o in/rum5t ! m = ! purposes ( life4 ,& s1 secondly1 ,*ri/ianity urges t if !re is private prop]ty1 its true "* z a tru/ %all be recognis$1 its rights respect$ & its att5dant duties p]=m$4 ,^! tru?s x keeps /eadily be=e m5's eyes by ! p]petual object-lesson ( ! life ( ! e>ly ,*ur* ( ,j]usalem1 9 :i* ^? :o _h prop]ty sold x1 & br\ght ! proce$s & laid !m at ! ,apo/les' feet1 & di/ribution 0 made unto e man accord+ to 8 ne$s#dce1 an object-lesson en=c$ & r5ew$ by ! example ( ! mona/ic communities1 ) _! v[ ( volunt>y pov]ty1 & _! common purse4 ,s /rongly did ! e>ly ,fa!rs insi/ on ! duty1 almo/ ! debt1 ( ! ri* to ! poor1 t isolat$ passages may be quot$ :i* read l a condemnation ( all private prop]ty#dcf1 b ?is 0 n _! real drift4 ,! obligation :i* !y urg$ 0 ! obligation ( *>ity4 7#b7 ,s f> we h consid]$ ! way 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity has /r5g!n$ & def9$ on ! side ( duty1 :i* itself is "o =m ( *>ity or love1 ! motives :i* make m5 good citiz5s1 good prop]ty-hold]s1 & s has supplem5t$ ! moral =ces ( ! ,/ate1 by rais+ ! common /&>d ( op9ion & conviction on :i* ultimately all possibility ( ,/ate-action re/s4 ,b ! ^w *>ity is us$ n only 9 ! wid]1 b also 9 a n>r[] s5se1 ( "o special =m ( love1 ! love ( ! /rong :o /oops to help ! weak4 ,x is admitt$ on all h&s t *>ity 9 ?is s5se has be5 a m>k ( ! ,*ri/ian type ( "*1 b ! uniqu5ess ( ,*ri/ian *>ity has probably be5 exagg]at$4 ,! bett] ,/oics recognis$ ! active s]vice ( mank9d1 & especially ( ! poor & mis]able1 z "p ( ! ideal ( a p]fect life4 ,_! sev]ity 0 cross$ by pity4 ,z ,s5eca puts x 9 "o pregnant phrase1 !y held t ':]ev] a man is1 !re is room = do+ good#dcg4' ,& s ,/oicism _h1 its alim5tationes1 or homes = orphan *ildr51 its di/ributions ( gra91 its provisions = ! sick & = /rang]s#dch4 ,*ri/ianity & ,/oicism1 x may seem1 7 walk+ along ! same road2 b ! diff]5ce 0 ?is1 ':at pagan *>ity 0 do+ t>dily1 & z x 7 ) ! pa9ful calculation ( old age1 ! ,*ur* 0 do+1 almo/ )\t ?9k+ ab\t x1 9 ! pl5>y ma/]fulness ( y\?1 because x 0 h] v be+ ?us to d#dci4' ,%e did x ) all ! ease & grace ( p]fect naturalness1 n z valu+ *>ity )\t love1 = 'if ,i be/[ all my goods to fe$ ! poor1 & if ,i give my body to be burn$1 b h n love1 x pr(ite? me no?+#ddj1' b because love =?) blossom$ =? into *>ity4 ',& ! disciples 7 call$ ,*ri/ians fir/ 9 ,antio*4 ,& 9 ^! days came prophets f ,j]usalem unto ,antio*4 ,& !re /ood up "o ( !m nam$ ,agabus1 & signifi$ by ! _s t !re %\ld be great de>? ?r\gh\t all ! _w4444 ,!n ! disciples1 e man accord+ to 8 ability1 det]m9$ to s5d relief unto ! bre?r5 :i* dwelt 9 ,juda#dda4' ,& s x became ! recognis$ & traditional duty ( ! ,*ur* to ma9ta9 ! cause ( ! weak aga9/ ! /rong1 ( ! poor aga9/ ! ri*1 ( ! oppress$ aga9/ ! oppressors4 ,! ,bi%ops ( ! f\r? & fif? c5turies ex]cis$ 'a k9d ( religi\s tribunate#ddb4' ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ! ,*ur* urg$ on ^? 9 public & private /ations ! duties ( *>ity1 pity1 humanity4 ,! au?or ( ! latt] "p ( ! ,de ,regim9e ,pr9cipum#ddc ascrib$ to ,s4 ,?omas ,aqu9as lays d[n z "o ( ! *ief duties ( a k+1 ! c>e ( ! weak & ! succ\r ( ! mis]able4 ,nor did ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl& 9 pre-,re=mation times fail 9 h] duty 9 ?is respect4 ,%e plead$ = ! manumission or at lea/ ! humane usage ( ! s]fs4 ,%e und]took ?r\gh h] mona/]ies ! relief ( ! poor4 ,h] prohibition ( usury1 h[ev] mi/ak5 x may seem to u1 0 a real protection to debtors aga9/ "o ( ! wor/ =ms ( tyranny1 t ( ! unscrupul\s cr$itor4 ,s9ce ! ,re=mation h] record has n be5 s clean4 ,! %ock ( ! ,re=mation left h] weak4 ,! traditional sanctions ( h] au?ority 7 %ak54 ,9 ! long /ruggle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury h] close association ) ! ,/u>t cause left h] p[]less to t\* ! /rong] half ( ! nation4 ,%e 0 n indep5d5t en\gh to act z arbit]1 & 9 committ+ h]self )\t res]ve to opposition to ! national claim = fre$om %e 0 untrue to h] e>li] & bett] traditions4 ,at ! same "t all[ance mu/ be made = ! lic5ce1 ! disord]1 & ! recklessness ) :i* ! claims ( lib]ty 7 associat$1 & = ! id5tification ( ! popul> p>ty ) views ( religion1 :i*1 :atev] else may be said = !m1 are n ^? ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! lead+ *ur*m5 believ$ t its triumph meant ! disappe>ance ( t hi/orical ,*ur*1 :i* !y rightly reg>d$ z ! only effective safegu>d ( ,engli% ,*ri/ianity4 ,aft] ! ,re/oration ! ,*ur* 0 /rong]1 & ! increase ( /r5g? %ews itself on ! "o side 9 great] indep5d5ce ( ! ,cr[n1 & on ! o!r 9 ! outbur/ ( num]\s religi\s & *>itable societies & f\ndations4 ,que5 ,anne's ,b\nty is an in/ance ( ! *>ity1 if x be n r ! ju/ice1 ( "o di/+ui%$ daught] ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! ',religi\s ,societies' :i* 9 a quiet & unassum+ way 7 a great influ5ce 9 social life1 _h among _! objects ! visit+ & relief ( ! poor1 ! appr5tic+ ( ! "y1 ! ma9t5ance ( poor s*ol>s at ! ,univ]sity4 ,*>ity s*ools 7 e/abli%$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry3 hospitals & p>o*ial libr>ies f\nd$1 :ile societies l ! ,society = ! ,propagation ( ! ,gospel 9 ,=eign ,p>ts1 & ! ,society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k date back to ! la/ ye>s ( ! sev5te5? & ! fir/ ( ! eighte5? c5turies#ddd4 ,!n z ! ,georgian p]iod beg9s1 all ?is vigor\s life seems = a long p]iod to die d[n1 or only to f9d v5t 9 ! great ,wesleyan movem5t :i*1 beg9n+ )9 ! ,*ur*1 passes out beyond x1 & ultimately becomes /]eotyp$ 9 m or less pron\nc$ sep>ation f h] communion4 ,x 0 ! policy ( ! rul+ ,:ig olig>*y to keep d[n ! ,*ur*1 & !y succe$$--to ! grave loss ( ,engli% morality4 ,if 9 "s degree ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl& at ! pres5t "t is speak+ ) firm] acc5t on que/ions ( p]sonal & class morality1 & giv+ m effective witness aga9/ ! luxury & neglect ( _! "w-p1 :i* are ! besett+ s9s ( ! great ,engli% manufactur+ classes1 x is due p>tly to ! revival 9 ,engl& ( ! true idea ( ! ,*ur* z a great spiritual society1 & p>tly to ! fact t ,engli% /atesm51 f %e] inability ow+ to ! conditions ( political life to d o!rwise1 h left h] m free to manage h] own bus9ess & to develop h] mission to ! ,engli% p 9 accordance ) ! laws & aspirations ( h] own inn] life4 ,x is especially necess>y 9 a great indu/rial society su* z t ( mod]n ,engl& t ! ,*ri/ian law ( self-sacrifice1 :i* crosses & modifies ! purely competitive t5d5cy lead+ ea* individual to seek 8 own int]e/ & t ( 8 family1 %\ld be /rongly & effectively pres5t$4 ,no d\bt x is true t ! increas$ k ( ! /ructure & laws ( social life :i* we possess1 h made *>ity m difficult ?an 9 ! ,middle ,ages3 !y h n made x less necess>y1 or a less ess5tial feature ( ! ,*ri/ian "*4 ,& s1 9 a democratic age1 ! protection ( ! weak & ! oppress$ w take a diff]5t col\r4 ,:e!r supreme control is 9 ! h&s ( "o or _m1 x may be us$ tyrannically4 ,& ! mo/ effective ex]cise ( ! tribunate ( ! ,*ur* w lie 9 gu>d+ ! rights ( consci5ce & ! great national int]e/ ( religion aga9/ ha/y & unfair pressure4 ,& ?is br+s u to our next po9t4 7#c7 ,! drift ( ! argum5t has be5 to %ew ! incomplet5ess & inevitable limitations ( ! ,/ate1 consid]$ z a moral guide ( ! social life ( mank9d4 ,b t incomplet5ess rises to its maximum1 ^? limitations press mo/ closely :5 we pass f morality to religion4 ,if x is ! highe/ duty ( ! ,/ate to ma9ta9 true & vital religion#dde1 x is a duty :i* ( itself x is altoge!r incompet5t to p]=m4 ,if ! exp]i5ce ( ! ,middle ,ages %ew$ conclusively t ! subord9ation ( ! ,/ate to ! ,*ur* did n t5d ei!r to good gov]nm5t1 or to ! ma9t5ance1 pure & undefil$1 ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1 ! exp]i5ce ( ,engli% po/-,re=mation hi/ory has z conclusively %ewn t ! subord9ation ( ! ,*ur* to ! ,/ate leads on ! "o h& to ! secul>ization ( ! ,*ur*1 & on ! o!r to a grave dang] to national life1 ?r\gh ! loss ( a spiritual au?ority /rong en\gh1 z well z vigilant & indep5d5t en\gh1 to reprove social s9s & to call to acc\nt l>ge & influ5tial classes4 ,! conditions "u :i* ! ,tudor idea ( a ,*ri/ian commonweal? 0 possible h pass$ away1 & !re seem to rema9 two possible conclusions f ! premises4 ,! fir/ is t x is exp$i5t 9 ! int]e/s ( bo? t ,*ur* & ,/ate %\ld be sep>ate f "o ano!r1 z e4g4 9 ,am]ica1 & left free to develop1 ea* on its own l9es1 _! respective missions 9 ! national s]vice--'a free ,*ur* 9 a free ,/ate4' ,! curr5t ( op9ion 9 ,engl& 9 fav\r ( dise/abli%m5t1 und\bt$ly a /rong1 ?\gh probably n at ! pres5t "t an increas+ "o1 is f$ f _m small] /reams4 ,!re are ,agno/ics :o believe t religion is ! enemy ( progress1 & t ,*ri/ianity especially %ackles free ?\ght1 & h9d]s ! advance ( social re=mation1 & to :om !re=e x seems a cle> duty to und]m9e by e means op5 to !m ! hold ( ,*ri/ianity on ! c5tres ( social & intellectual life1 on s*ools & univ]sities1 families & /ates4 ,!y fav\r dise/abli%m5t z "o means to ?is end4 ,two pr9cipal causes seem to move ^? :o are prim>ily /atesm5 9 ! direction ( dise/abli%m5t4 ,"o is ! conception ( ! ,/ate z ! great controll+ & guid+ organization ( human life#ddf1 supreme ov] all p>tial societies & volunt>y associations =m$ to gu>d p>ts or sides ( life1 & ! attempt to m\ld national life by ?is guid+ idea & its logical consequ5ces4 ,?is attempt is enc\rag$ by ! extreme simplicity ( ! ,engli% ,con/itution 9 its actual work+1 & by ! legally unlimit$ p[] ( ,p>liam5t#ddg4 ,! o!r is _! practical exp]i5ce t 9 view ( ! divid$ condition ( ,engli% ,*ri/ianity1 ! mo/ /ubborn & intractable difficulties 9 legislation arise f1 or are aggravat$ by1 religi\s diff]5ces4 ,!y suppose t ^! w\ld be less5$ if ! ,/ate took ! position ( imp>tial arbit] betwe5 rival d5om9ations4 ,among ,noncon=mi/s !re are no d\bt "s :o1 look+ at ! ,*ur* z ! natural rival ( _! own society1 ?9k to weak5 h] by dise/abli%m5t1 b !re are also _m :o believe t dise/abli%m5t w\ld be a ga9 to ,engli% religion1 & t ! life ( ! ,*ur* w\ld be m real1 m pure1 m gov]n$ by ! highe/ motives1 if %e 7 fre$ f all direct connection ) ! ,/ate4 ,la/ly1 !re is no d\bt t ! idea ( ! return to ! loos] relations betwe5 ,*ur* & ,/ate :i* prevail$ 9 ! e>lie/ ,*ri/ian c5turies1 has a great attraction = a consid]able body ( *ur*m54 ,!y w\ld p]haps h be5 will+ en\gh to accept ! royal supremacy "u a religi\s sov]eign 9 ?or\gh h>mony ) ! beliefs & modes ( work+ ( ! ,*ur*1 b ! revolution by :i* ! ,h\se ( ,commons has ris5 to supreme p[] 9 ,engl&1 has giv5 x1 n 9 ! !ory1 b 9 ! actual work+ ( ! con/itution1 ! ultimate control ov] matt]s ecclesia/ical z well z civil1 & !y hold t by /ifl+ ! free utt]ance ( ! voice ( ! ,*ur* ! ,h\se ( ,commons is do+ an injury to religion comp>$ to :i* dise/abli%m5t w\ld be a less] evil4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if we look beyond our own c\ntry1 we h ! op9ion ( ! v5]able ,dr4 ,dll+]1 report$ by ,dr4 ,liddon1 t ! dise/abli%m5t ( ! ,*ur* 9 ,engl& w\ld be an injury to ! cause ( religion ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,& s weighty an op9ion may well make u c>efully scrut9ize ^? difficulties & t5d5cies :i* make = dise/abli%m5t4 ,x is no d\bt true t f "o po9t ( view ! idea ( ! ,*ur* z a great spiritual society seems to require h] entire fre$om to control h] own developm5t1 & !re=e ! abs5ce ( all =mal connection ) ! ,/ate4 ,b !re is no?+ m deeply illogical & irrational1 9 any s5se ( logic 9 :i* x is ne> to life & !re=e true1 ?an ! attempt to solve a great problem1 spiritual1 moral1 political1 social1 by neglect+ all its factors b "o1 ev5 if x be ! mo/ important "o4 ,nor does x foll[ t1 because we recognise t 9 a c]ta9 condition ( ?+s1 m h>m ?an good w be done by a p>ticul> application ( a tru? :i* we accept1 !re=e we h ceas$ to hold t tru?4 ,x only %ews t our ideal is complex4 ,& s f ano!r po9t ( view ! mo/ p]fect ord]+ ( ?+s w\ld seem to be "o 9 :i* ,*ur* & ,/ate 7 two p>ts ( "o :ole1 recognis+ "o ano!r's functions & limits1 & mutually support+ "o ano!r4 ,?us religion w\ld be put 9 its true place z at once ! f\ndation & ! cop+ /one ( national life4 ,& ! ,/ate ) all its adm9i/ration w\ld be giv5 a di/9ctly ,*ri/ian "*4 ,! difficulty 9 ,engl& is to ma9ta9 ?is po9t ( view 9 connection ) ! increas+ly non-religi\s 7n necess>ily anti-religi\s7 col\r+ ( ! ,/ate1 & ( ! fi]ce /ruggles ( p>ty gov]nm5t :i* de/roy ! rev]5ce :i* might o!rwise atta* to ! ,/ate & its organs4 ,z ! ,/ate has become increas+ly lay1 its moral weight has sunk1 its hold on consci5ces become less4 ,b ! tru? rema9s t religion is an elem5t 9 ! highe/ national life4 ',a national ,*ur* alone c consecrate ! :ole life ( a p#ddh4' ,& a national ,*ur* c only mean an e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 & a ,*ur* :i* ei!r has great inh]it$ weal? ( its own1 or is support$ 9 "p by national funds4 ',( all p>ts ( ?is subject1' says ,mr4 ,glad/one#ddi1 'probably none h be5 s ?or\ghly wr\ght out z ! insuffici5cy ( ! volunt>y pr9ciple4' ,x is insuffici5t 7i4e4 = ma9ta9+ national religion71 fir/1 because aft] a c]ta9 level ( moral det]ioration has be5 rea*$ by individuals or masses ( p1 ! dem& = religion is lea/ :]e ! want is greate/2 & secondly1 because 9 consequ5ce ( ! /ructure ( social life !re are always l>ge classes ( ! community :o1 :ile j provid$ ) ! b>e necess>ies ( life1 h n suffici5t means to enable !m to su/a9 ! exp5se ( ! organs ( ! high] life 9 any =m4 ,we recognise ?is 9 ! case ( education2 we c h>dly refuse to recognise x 9 ! case ( religion4 ,= ^! reasons we are ?r[n back on ! second possible conclusion f ! data1 viz4 t x is desirable t !re %\ld be "s def9ite & p]man5t connection betwe5 ,*ur* & ,/ate1 b n su* connection z w ei!r subord9ate ! ,/ate to ! ,*ur* or ! ,*ur* to ! ,/ate4 ,& su* a result w\ld seem to be be/ atta9able by "s su* sy/em ( relations z t betwe5 ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* & ! ,/ate 9 ,scotl&1 or ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* & ! ,/ate 9 ,france4 ,?us 9 ,scotl&1 on ! critical po9t ( jurisdiction1 ! position is ?is4 ,! ,*ur* ,c\rts are f9al3 !re is no appeal to a ,civil ,c\rt except on ! gr\nd ( excess ( jurisdiction4 ,& ! judgm5t ( ! ,*ur* ,c\rts1 s f> z x involves civil consequ5ces1 may be en=c$ by application to ! ,civil ,c\rts#dej4 ,9 ,france we h to di/+ui% ! relations ( ,*ur* & ,/ate z con/itutionally def9$ f ^? relations 9 _! actual work+4 ,no con/itutional relations1 h[ev] admirable1 c "w :5 ! ,/ate con/antly encroa*es1 & :]e its :ole attitude is "o ( ho/ility to ! ,*ur*4 ,9 !ory1 h[ev]1 ! position 9 ,france is1 except on "o po9t1 mu* ! same z 9 ,scotl&4 ,!re is a complete sy/em ( ecclesia/ical jurisdiction 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* bas$ on ! ,canon ,law & adm9i/]$ by ! bi%ops act+ z judges4 ,f _! decisions !re is no appeal to ! ,civil ,c\rts except on ! gr\nd ( abuse 7appel d'abus74 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,ecclesia/ical ,c\rts h no co]cive jurisdiction1 nor are _! s5t5ces c>ri$ out by ! ,civil ,c\rts#dea4 ,!y b9d1 !re=e1 only 9 =o consci5tiae & ?is is f\nd suffici5t4 ,!re is "o po9t wor?y ( special notice 9 ! ,fr5* sy/em1 t :ile ! relations ( ! ,/ate to ! ,roman ,ca?olic 7once ! ,gallican7 ,*ur* are regulat$ by a special ,concordat1 two lead+ ,prote/ant bodies1 ! ,fr5* ,re=m$ ,*ur*1 & ! ,*ur* ( ! ,augsburg ,confession1 z well z ! ,jewi% body1 are also end[$4 ,alongside ( a sy/em by :i* ! ,*ur* is e/abli%$ !re is a concurr5t end[m5t ( o!r ,*ri/ian & ev5 non-,*ri/ian d5om9ations4 ,9 ,scotl& ! relations ( ,*ur* & ,/ate re/ on ! ,act ( ,union1 9 ,france on ! ,concordat made by ,napoleon ) ! ,pope 9 #ahja4 ,9 ,engl& !re is no def9ite =mulat$ agreem5t2 & any su* agreem5t w\ld be entirely contr>y to ! ,engli% g5ius4 ,b 9 a deep] s5se1 !re is a contract1 :i* is ! product ( #abjj ye>s ( hi/ory1 ( :i* ! t]ms v>y f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & :i* is comm5d$ by ea* age to ! =be>ance & ! /atesman%ip ( its successors4 ,! t]ms ( t contract are 9 ! ma9 fix$ by ! ,/ate4 ,9 any case1 :e!r ! ,*ur* rema9s e/abli%$ or n1 ! ,/ate has ultimate p[] ov] h] temporal possessions1 z ov] all temporal possessions held )9 its t]ritory4 ,b1 if ! ,*ur* is to rema9 connect$ ) ! ,/ate1 p]petual difficulties mu/ arise1 unless means are f\nd to leave ! ,*ur* free1 9 matt]s z well ( doctr9e z ( ritual1 bo? to legislate ?r\gh h] own organs1 & to ex]cise an indep5d5t spiritual jurisdiction4 ,x is = ! int]e/ ( ! ,/ate t ! ,*ur* %\ld be all[$ to make h] s]vice = ! ,engli% nation z fruitful1 z p[]ful1 & z little a h9drance to h] own spirituality z possible4 ,,iii4 ,la/ly we may consid] ! way 9 :i* ! ,*ur*1 q irrespective ( any direct connection ) ! ,/ate1 z a natural consequ5ce ( its position z a spiritual society & ( its tea*+ z to fundam5tal moral & spiritual tru?s1 acts z a purify+ & elevat+ ag5t on ! g5]al social life ( mank9d1 on all its manife/ations & organs4 ,if man is 'metaphysical nol5s vol5s1' x is equally true t he is metapolitical1 to use ,m>t5s5's happy ^w1 nol5s vol5s4 ,& metapolitic means 't :i* prec$es ! political z its presupposition1 t :i* lies outside & beyond x z its aim & object1 & by :i* ! political elem5t is to be p]vad$ z by its s\l1 its intellectually vivify+ pr9ciple#deb4' ,e /atesman1 e real lead] ( m51 has consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 su* a metapolitic2 he holds1 t is1 c]ta9 views z to man's place 9 ! _w1 z to ! mean+ & possibility ( progress1 z to ! aims z di/9ct f ! ma*9]y ( gov]nm5t1 z to ! relations ( nations to "o ano!r & to humanity1 :i* det]m9e 8 g5]al attitude t[>ds all k9ds ( que/ions ) :i* he has to deal4 ,x is cle>1 = in/ance1 t ! gr\ps ( ideas :i* gov]n ! fatali/1 ! pessimi/1 & ! humanit>ian1 are widely diff]5t4 ,n[ ! ,*ur* is ! home & dwell+-place ( c]ta9 great regulative ideas z to man's de/9y & function1 & 8 relation to ,god & o!r m51 ! treasure-h\se to :i* !y 7 committ$1 or ! soil 9 :i* !y g]m9at$4 ,^! ideas1 if accept$ & act$ on1 or s f> z accept$ & act$ on1 mu/ trans=m & remodel1 n only ! inw>d life1 b also ! :ole outw>d life 9 all its sph]es4 ,?us ,s4 ,paul d$uces f ! ,*ri/ian conception ( man1 ! duties ( husb&s1 wives1 fa!rs1 *ildr51 ma/]s1 s]vants1 subjects1 ri* p]sons1 old m51 old wom51 "y m51 "y wom54 ,& s1 n[ rapidly1 n[ sl[ly1 accord+ to ! vig\r & purity at successive p]iods ( ! ,*ri/ian society1 n[ ?r[n inw>ds by p]iods ( p]secution or by ! ris+ tide ( evil1 n[ borne outw>ds 9 p]iods ( rapid expansion & mission>y ent]prise1 n[ br\ght to be> on new conditions ( life & new social gr\p+s1 n[ trac$ back to _! s\rce1 & te/$ by ! life & words ( ! ,^w ( ,god1 ! ,*ri/ian ideas ( man1 & ( 8 relation to ,god radiate ?r\gh ! life ( mank9d1 at once su/a9+ & correct+ its aspirations1 & its ideals ( righte\sness4 ,! root ideas ( ?is ,*ri/ian an?ropology re/ on ! ,*ri/ian conception ( ,god z "o yet ?reefold4 ,?us on ! "o side1 ,*ri/ianity atta*es to ! individual p]sonality a supreme & inf9ite value z ! inmo/ nature ( "o made 9 ! image ( ,god1 r$eem$ by ! self-sacrifice ( ,*ri/1 & indwelt by ! ,_s ( ,god4 ,& ?us x develops ! s5se ( sep>ate p]sonal responsibility4 ,x is on ?is basis t :at is true 9 humanit>ianism re/s4 ,beh9d all class & social diff]5ces lies ! human p]sonality 9 virtue ( :i* all m5 are equal#dec4 ,b on ! o!r side x frankly recognises man's inh]5tly social nature4 ,x is n good = man to be alone4 ,& family1 ,/ate1 & ! ,*ur* on e>? are tra9+ places = a p]fect$ common life 9 ! ,city ( ,god4 ,! effect ( ?is conception ( man & 8 de/9y is to place ! ,/ate & its associations 9 _! true position z n ultimate b second>y1 z means & n ends4 ,alongside ( ! e>?ly k+dom1 ) its weal?1 its hon\rs1 its ambitions1 its wide & f>-rea*+ influ5ce1 x sets ano!r k+dom1 ! ,city ( ,god1 ) its own /&>ds1 its own pr9ciples1 its own glory1 its own bless$ness1 z ! end ( mank9d1 ! goal ( hi/ory4 ',! nations %all walk amid/ ! light !re(1 & ! k+s ( ! e>? d br+ _! glory into x#ded4' ,&1 9 s do+1 x judges & corrects ! spl5d\r ( e>?ly ,/ates4 ,9 ?us contra/+ ! e>?ly ,/ate ) ! ,city ( ,god1 ,*ri/ianity is no d\bt expos$ to ! old accusation1 t x makes m5 bad citiz5s4 ,& ! old answ] is /ill true1 'let ^? :o ?9k t ! doctr9e ( ,jesus ,*ri/ _c contribute to ! happ9ess ( ! ,/ate1 give u soldi]s & (fic]s su* z x bids !m to be1 subjects & citiz5s z fai?ful z ,jesus ,*ri/ comm&s1 husb&s1 wives1 fa!rs1 mo!rs1 *ildr51 ma/]s1 s]vants1 k+s1 judges1 liv+ accord+ to ! laws ( religion1 m5 z punctual 9 _! paym5t ( taxes1 z pure 9 _! h&l+ ( public funds z are ! true ,*ri/ians3 !y w be soon =c$ to admit t ! maxims ( ! ,gospel :5 practis$ _c b give a ,/ate great happ9ess & great prosp]ity#dee4' ,x is n too mu* b too little ,*ri/ianity :i* de/roys ,/ates2 = passion & wilfulness are ! great dis9tegrat+ =ces ( ! _w1 & ev]y?+ :i* /r5g!ns individuals to resi/ !m1 s f> /r5g!ns ! bonds ( social union4 ,b ! s]vice :i* ,*ri/ianity r5d]s to ,/ates goes f> beyond ?is negative result4 ,if ! true mean+ ( progress be moral1 & n mat]ial1 !re c be no great] contribution to ! well-be+ ( society ?an t ( ma9ta9+ ! ,*ri/ian type ( "* ) its humility1 its purity1 its s9c]ity1 & aga9 its /rong & b5efic5t activity4 ,9 ! pres5t discussion ! ,/ate has be5 put fir/ & ! ,*ur* second4 ,9 ord] ( "t ! ,/ate is fir/4 ,& :at has be5 attempt$ has be5 to %ew h[ />t+ ) ! ,/ate & its in/itutions1 ! high] ord] :i* 0 initiat$ by ! hi/orical ,inc>nation 7?\gh n )\t prep>atory & imp]fect anticipations 9 e>li] & especially 9 ,jewi% hi/ory71 comes 9 to m\ld1 to purify1 & to supplem5t4 ,b ^! words only express p>tial aspects ( ! :ole process by :i* a high] ord] acts on a l[]4 ,x int]p5etrates f> m deeply ?an c be express$ 9 any classification ( ! modes ( its op]ation4 ,! ,*ri/ian religion has be5 act+ on ! gr\p ( ,/ates :i* we call ,*ri/5dom f ! fir/ days :5 /able organizations =m$ !mselves aft] ! entrance ( ! new life ( ! ,g]manic races into ! rema9s ( ! dy+ ,roman ,empire4 ,x has be5 ! /ronge/ ( all ! influ5ces t h m\ld$ !m ?r\gh\t _! hi/ory4 ,x has pi]c$ & p5etrat$ ! life ( individuals1 ! life ( families1 ! life ( guilds1 z well z ! laws & in/itutions1 ! writ+s & works ( art 9 :i* !y h embodi$ _! ?\ghts & hopes4 ,!y are 9 a s5se its *ildr54 ,x is impossible to reg>d !m z ,s4 ,augu/9e reg>d$ pagan ,rome4 ,b deep & p5etrat+ z has be5 h] influ5ce & manifold h] consequ5t implications ) ! exi/+ national & social life ( mank9d1 ! ,*ur* is ess5tially ,ca?olic1 & only incid5tally national4 ,x is _! ,ca?olic "* s f> z x rema9s1 at lea/ _! ,ca?olic ideal1 :i* gives to ! diff]5t fragm5ts ( ! ,*ur* _! /r5g? & p[]4 ,! ',*ur* ( ,engl&' is a peculi>ly mislead+ t]m4 ,! ,*ur* ( ,*ri/ 9 ,engl& is1 z ,col]idge po9t$ out1 ! saf] & tru] phrase4 ,& ?is fundam5tal ,ca?olicism1 ?is correspond5ce n to "o or ano!r nation1 b to humanity1 re/s on ! appeal to deep] & m p]man5t ne$s ?an ^? on :i* ! ,/ate re/s4 ,x is ?us t ! true type ( ! ,*ur* is r 9 ! family ?an 9 ! ,/ate1 because ! family is ! primitive unit ( organiz$ social life4 ,n 9 ! ord] ( "t1 b 9 ! ord] ( reason1 ! ,*ur* is prior to ! ,/ate1 = man is at once inh]5tly social & inh]5tly religi\s4 ,& !re=e x is only 9 ! ,*ur* t he c be all t x is 8 true nature to be4 #djg ,law1 ,?ird lett] to ! ,bi%op ( ,bangor1 second edition1 #agfb1 p4 #ff4 #djh ,m>t5s51 ,*ri/ian ,e?ics1 special "p1 second division1 ,eng4 ,transl4 p4 #ih4 #dji ,*ur*1 ,ox=d ,h\se ,pap]s1 ,no4 xvii1 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 p4 #aj4 #daj ,holl&1 ,cre$ & ,"*1 fir/ edition1 #ahhg1 p4 #aef4 #daa xix4 #ag4 #dab i4 #f4 #dac ,immortale ,dei4 #dad ,aug4 ,de ,civ4 ,dei1 xix4 #ad1 #ae4 #dae ,s4 ,t4 ,col]idge1 ,*ur* & ,/ate1 edit$ by ,h4 ,n4 ,col]idge1 #ahci1 ,p4 #bd4 #daf ,a4 ,c4 ,bradley1 ',ari/otle's ,conception ( ! ,/ate1' 9 ,hell5ica1 #ahhj1 p4 #bdc4 #dag ',metu co]cet1' ,aug4 ,de lib4 ,arb4 i4 #ae4 #dah ,comp>e ,aug4 ,de lib4 ,arb4 i4 #e4 #dai ,art4 on ',future ,retribution1' ,*ur* ,qu>t]ly1 ,july1 #ahhh4 #dbj ,s4 ,matt4 v4 #dh4 #dba ,eph4 iv4 #ac4 #dbb ,s4 ,matt4 v4 #e1 #aa1 #ci1 #dj4 #dbc ,s4 ,matt4 xxii4 #ba4 #dbd ,rom4 xiii4 #a-aj4 ,comp>e ,s4 ,pet]'s tea*+ 9 #a ,s4 ,pet4 ii4 #ac-ag4 #dbe ,ad ,scap4 ,,ii4 #dbf ,oratio 9 ,aux5tium de basilicis trad5dis4 #dbg ,aug4 ,de ,civ4 ,dei1 v4 #ag1 b cp4 ,de bono ,conj4 #af1 = a recognition ( ! possibility ( ! unju/ use ( legitimate p[]4 #dbh ,hom4 xxiii4 on ,rom4 xiii4 #a4 #dbi ,tyrannicide 0 def5d$ by "s ( ! m extreme oppon5ts ( ! temporal p[]1 l ,john ( ,salisbury1 ! secret>y ( ,?omas ,becket 7,policraticus ,,viii4 #ag1 ',tyrannus pravitatis imago2 pl]umque etiam occid5dus'74 ,b x 0 condemn$ by ! s\nd] judgm5t ( ,aqu9as 7,de ,reg4 ,pr9c4 ,i4 #f1 ',hoc apo/olicae doctr9ae non congruit'74 #dcj ,?omas ,aqu9as1 ,comm4 ,s5t4 ,,xliv4 q4 #b a4 #b2 q4 #a a4 #b4 ,9 ,comm4 ,pol4 v4 #a #b he goes s f> z to make ,insurrection 9 c]ta9 cases a duty4 #dca ,janet1 ,hi/oire de la ,sci5ce politique1 ?ird edition1 #ahhg1 vol4 i4 p4 #ccj4 #dcb ,hook]1 ,eccl4 ,pol4 ,,viii4 ii4 #e1 #i4 ,cp4 ,i4 x4 #d4 #dcc ,eccl4 ,pol4 ,,viii4 ii4 #aa4 #dcd ,eccl4 ,pol4 ,,viii4 ,app4 ,no4 ,i4 7ed4 ,keble47 ,cp4 ,i4 x4 #h4 #dce ,acts iv4 #cd1 #ce4 #dcf ,especially 9 ,s4 ,ambrose2 ! passages are collect$ 9 ,dubief1 ,essai sur les ides politiques de ,s4 ,augu/91 #ahei1 *4 vi4 ,s4 ,augu/9e himself oppos$ ! obligatory ,communism1 advocat$ by ,pelagianism2 cp4 ,ep4 #aeg 7,ed4 ,b5$47 to ,hil>y1 quot$ by ,dubief4 #dcg ,s54 ,de vita beata1 #bd4 #dch ,uhlhorn1 ,*ri/ian ,*>ity 9 ! ,anci5t ,*ur*1 ,eng4 ,transl4 #ahhc1 ,bk4 ,i4 *4 i4 pp4 #ah-ba1 #da1 #db4 #dci ,pat]1 ,m>ius ! ,epicurean1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 *4 xxii4 p4 #abg4 #ddj #a ,cor4 xiii4 #c 7,r4,v474 #dda ,acts xi4 #bf-bi2 cp4 also ,acts iv4 #cd1 #ce1 quot$ above4 #ddb ,dubief1 p4 #aa4 #ddc ,,ii4 #ae4 #ddd ,ov]ton1 ,life 9 ! ,engli% ,*ur*1 #affj-agad1 ,*4 v4 #dde ,hook]1 ,eccl4 ,pol4 ,,viii4 i4 #d4 ,9 all commonweal?s1 ?+s spiritual ought above temporal to be provid$ =4 ,& ( ?+s spiritual1 ! *iefe/ is religion4 ,cp4 ,v4 i4 #b4 #ddf ,we h already %ewn reasons = ?9k+ t ?\gh no d\bt ! ,/ate has a great co-ord9at+ & regulative function 9 reg>d to human life1 x is n fitt$ = ! "p ( ! moral guide ( mank9d4 #ddg ,dicey1 ,law ( ! ,con/itution1 second edition1 #ahhf1 lecture ii4 p4 #cf1 ',! pr9ciple ( ,p>liam5t>y sov]eignty means nei!r m nor less ?an ?is1 namely1 t ,p>liam5t ?us def9$ has1 "u ! ,engli% ,con/itution1 ! "r to make or unmake any law :atev]2 &1 fur!r1 t no p]son or body is recognis$ by ! law ( ,engl& z hav+ a "r to ov]ride or set aside ! legislation ( ,p>liam5t4' #ddh ,we/cott1 ,social ,aspects ( ,*ri/ianity1 *4 v4 p4 #gf4 #ddi ,! ,/ate 9 its relations ) ! ,*ur*1 p4 #da4 #dej ,report ( ! ,ecclesia/ical ,c\rts ,commission1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #fja4 ,answ]s to que/ions1--,scotl&1 ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4 ',no appeal lies to a ,civil ,c\rt 9 matt]s ( discipl9e or on ! gr\nd ( excess ( puni%m5t4 ,b if "u ! =m ( discipl9e ! ,*ur* ,c\rts 7 to inflict ,*ur* c5sures 7involv+ civil consequ5ces7 on a m9i/] = e4g4 obey+ ! law ( ! l&1 a "q 444 might be br\ght be=e ! ,civil ,c\rt on ! gr\nd ( excess ( jurisdiction4 ,x is believ$ t 9 no case w\ld ! ,civil ,c\rt ent]ta9 an appeal f a judgem5t ( an ,ecclesia/ical ,c\rt on a "q ( doctr9e1 or ent] on an exam9ation ( ! s\ndness ( su* a judgem5t be=e en=c+ its civil consequ5ces4 ',any que/ions :i* h aris5 on po9ts ( ritual 444 h hi!rto be5 decid$ exclusively by ! ,*ur* ,c\rts4' 7,a qualify+ s5t5ce foll[s z to possible extreme cases ju/ify+1 on ! failure to obta9 r$ress f ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 an appeal to ! ,civil ,c\rt47 #dea ,report ( ,eccl4 ,c\rts ,commission1 ,vol4 ,,ii4 p4 #fje4 ,answ]s to que/ions1--,france4 ',! ,/ate rema9s lay1 & does n int]pose1 except :5 ! acts ( ! cl]gy are (f5ces at ,common ,law1 or :5 !re is a cas d'abus 9 :i* ei!r ! public ord] or individual int]e/s are injur$4 ,9 :i* case ! ,c\ncil ( ,/ate is summon$ at ! in/ance ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 or on ! compla9t ( ! citiz5s1 to repress abuses & annul ! acts ( abuse 7actes d'abus7 on ! "p ( ! cl]gy4 ',to recapitulate1 ! m9i/]1 z citiz51 has to submit to ! ,common ,law2 z prie/1 he belongs entirely to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,*ur*1 ) :i* ! ,/ate does n int]f]e1 & ) :i* x has n to int]f]e1 = x is solely 9 ! doma9 ( consci5ce4' #deb ,m>t5s51 ,*ri/ian ,e?ics1 special "p1 second division1 ,engli% ,translation1 p4 #ajj4 #dec ,cp4 ,aug4 ,de ,civ4 ,dei1 v4 #bd1 ( ,*ri/ian ,emp]ors1 'we ?9k !m happy if !y rememb] !mselves to be m54' #ded ,rev4 xxi4 #bd 7,r4,v474 #dee ,aug4 ,ep4 ad ,m>cell9um1 #ach1 #ae4 ,,xii4 ,,*ri/ian ,,e?ics4 ,,rob]t ,,ottley4 ,! /udy ( e>ly ,*ur* ,hi/ory sugge/s ! conclusion t ! ,*ri/ian religion 0 recognis$ z a rule1 or fa%ion ( life1 be=e x 0 discov]$ to be a philosophy & a cre$4 ,to be complete1 !re=e1 any acc\nt ( ,*ri/ianity mu/ include ! pres5tation ( x z a ,div9e 'way ( life'--a coh]5t sy/em ( practical e?ics1 m>k$ by *>act]i/ic conceptions ( fre$om1 duty1 ! moral /&>d1 ! highe/ end ( life1 & ! conditions ( human p]fection4 ,su* is ! task we are ab\t to attempt4 ,to ! necess>y limitations ( a sket* 9 outl9e1 ! read] may ascribe a g5]al avoidance ( controv]sial1 & a pref]5ce = positive1 /atem5ts2 z also ! fact t "s l>ge & int]e/+ bran*es ( ! subject are dismiss$ ) no m ?an a pass+ allusion4 ,x may be admitt$1 at ! outset1 t non-religi\s e?ical speculation has 9 a measure pav$ ! way = a re-/atem5t ( ! ,*ri/ian !ory1 by its inquiries into ! s\rce & nature--! rational basis & b9d+ =ce--( moral obligation4 ,= x may be ma9ta9$ t 9 ,*ri/ianity1 rightly und]/ood1 is to be f\nd an adequate answ] to ! "q :i* all s*ools ( ?\ght agree 9 reg>d+ z fundam5tal--! "q ',:y mu/ ,i d "r8' ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* claims to meet ! pla9 ne$s ( av]age human nature by h] answ] to ! "q1 ',h[ am ,i to d "r8' ,%e claims to h at comm& practical means ( solv+ a problem :i* is admitt$ly ab&on$ z hopeless by ! e?ics ( naturalism4 ,if ,jesus ,*ri/ gave pr(\nd ext5sion to ! ideas ( duty & obligation1 ,he 0 also ! fir/ :o po9t$ humanity to ! unfail+ s\rce ( moral p[]4 ,9 ?is respect ,*ri/ianity pres5ts a fav\rable contra/ to o!r sy/ems1 ! t5d5cy ( :i* is to be s conc]n$ ) ! ,ideal z to und]rate ! importance & pressure ( ! ,actual4 ,*ri/ianity claims to be 9 contact ) facts2 su* facts z s91 moral impot5ce1 p]v]t$ w1 ! tyranny ( habit4 ,& :ile %e is l>ge-he>t$ & eagle-spirit$ 9 h] scope--deal+ ) all possible relation%ips 9 :i* a human be+ may /&1 :e!r to ,god above him1 8 fell[-m5 ab\t him1 or ! sum ( physical life bel[ him2 ! ,*ur* is none ! less def9ite & practical 9 me?od & aim2 witness ! importance %e atta*es to ! individual "*1 ! recreation ( :i* is at lea/ a /ep t[>ds a reg5]ation ( society4 ,! *ief po9t ( di/9ction1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ,*ri/ian & non-,*ri/ian e?ics is to be f\nd 9 a diff]5ce ( view z to ! relation exi/+ betwe5 morality & religion4 ,a sy/em :i* s closely connects ! idea ( ,good ) ! doctr9e ( ,god1 mu/ ne$s at e po9t pres5t conduct z insep>ably relat$ to tru?1 & "* to cre$4 ,x has be5 notic$ inde$ t ,pl9y's lett] to ,trajan--! e>lie/ record we possess ( ! impression produc$ on an intellig5t ,pagan by ! new religion--te/ifies to ! intimate connection ( morals ) dogma & wor%ip4 ,:at ! ,*ri/ian consci\sness accept$ z tru? = ! intellect1 x embrac$ also z law = ! w4 ,:e!r !n we h reg>d to ! practical purpose1 or ! wide outlook ( ! ,*ri/ian sy/em1 we %all feel ! difficulty ( giv+ ev5 a fair outl9e ( s va/ a subject 9 s limit$ a space4 ,if ! idea ( ,good corresponds 9 any s5se to ! conception ( ,god1 t idea mu/ h an inf9ite dep? ( significance1 & range ( application4 ,if ! recreation ( human nature be a practicable aim1 no dep>tm5t ( an?ropology or psy*ology c be )\t its int]e/ = e?ics4 ,x mu/ suffice to indicate1 r ?an unfold1 ! po9ts :i* seem to be ( prim>y importance4 ,*ri/ian ,morals are bas$ on dogmatic po/ulates4 ,! f\ndation ( our sci5ce is laid1 n m]ely 9 ! /udy ( man's nature1 8 functions & capacities1 b 9 reveal$ tru?s z to ! nature & "* ( ,god1 ,8 creative purpose1 ,8 requirem5t ( ,8 creatures4 ,we believe t ,*ri/ came to lib]ate human ?\ght f sy/ems ( morality hav+ _! c5tre or s\rce 9 man#def4 ,man is n ,god1 b ha? ,god's end to s]ve2 ,a ,ma/] to obey1 a c\rse to take1 ,some:at to ca/ (f1 some:at to become4444 ,h[ c\ld man h progression o!rwise8 ,! po/ulates may conv5i5tly be di/ribut$ "u ?ree ma9 heads3 ! doctr9e ( ,god1 ( ,man1 ( ,*ri/4 ,= ! purpose ( e?ics1 two simple tru?s z to ! ,be+ ( ,god require att5tion4 ,god is an ,inf9ite1 b ,p]sonal ,be+2 exi/+ f et]nity 9 ! complet5ess ( ,8 own bless$ness1 yet will+ to become ! c5tre ( a realm ( p]sonalities4 ,to ?is end ,he call$ into exi/5ce a _w ( p]sonal be+s1 9 a s5se indep5d5t ( ,himself1 b de/9$1 9 communion & int]c\rse ) ,himself1 to f9d & fulfil ! law ( _! creaturely p]fection4 ,to ^! free & rational be+s1 ,almighty ,god deigns to /& 9 self-impos$ relations4 ,aga91 ,god is an ,e?ical ,be+3 ,he is ess5tially ,holy & ,lov+4 ,he is ,holy2 & appo9ts t = ! entire realm ( p]sonality1 z = ,himself1 hol9ess %\ld be ! absolute law4 ,he alone c communicate to ,8 creatures ! idea ( hol9ess2 ( a supreme1 et]nal1 e?ical ,good4 ,! ,good exi/s only 9 ,him2 is ! ess5tial expression ( ,8 ,nature1 ! reflect$ light ( ,8 ,p]sonality4 ,! idea ( e?ical ,good is n !re=e due to a natural process by :i* ! accumulat$ social traditions ( our race are inve/$ ) ! "n1 & sanction1 ( moral ,law4 ,! idea is communicat$1 d]iv$ f ! liv+ ,s\rce ( ,good freely act+ on ! faculties ( intellig5t creatures :o are capable ( receiv+ su* communications '9 div]s p>ts & 9 div]s mann]s#deg4' ,! appreh5sion ( moral ,law ?us appe>s to correspond ) a progressive appreh5sion ( ,god4 ,along ) ! idea ( ! unity & absolut5ess ( ,god1 hea!ndom lo/ ! s5se ( an absolute moral ,law#deh2 & conv]sely1 9 proportion z ! ,div9e ,nature manife/s ,itself m fully to human intellig5ce1 ! idea ( moral ,good ga9s expansion & dep?4 ,god is also ,love3 a tru? :i* z x helps our ?\ght to a m pr(\nd & consi/5t view ( ,8 my/]i\s ,be+1 s implies t ,god mu/ ne$s w ,8 rational creature to be :at ,he ,himself is1 'holy & blameless be=e ,him#dei2' to engage itself 9 activities resembl+ ,8 own2 to be free ) ,8 ,fre$om2 enlight5$ by ,8 ,light#dfj4 ,nor c we ?9k t ,div9e ,love is cont5t ) a b>e revelation ( moral requirem5t4 ,we believe t :at ,god requires1 ,he is ready & able to imp>t2 ,he w emp[] man to r5d] :at ,8 righte\sness exacts4 ,f9ally1 if ,8 purpose = man be int]rupt$ or ?w>t$1 ,he w 'devise means' = its f9al & victori\s fulfilm5t4 ,he1 ! ,au?or ( ,creation1 w 9 due "t provide = a recreation1 n less pot5t & complete 9 its effects ?an ! evil p[] :i* has invad$ & m>r$ ! fir/ creation#dfa4 ,= we c =m no idea ( ,love o!r ?an t ( an active1 en]giz+ pr9ciple by :i* a p]sonal ,be+ reveals ,himself2 a ,be+ t5aci\s ( ,8 purpose1 multi=m 9 ,8 exp$i5ts1 supremely pati5t 9 ,8 b5efic5t activity4 ,! ,god presuppos$ 9 ,*ri/ian ,e?ics is ,"o :o displays hol9ess comb9$ ) p[]1 love controll$ by wisdom3 9 a ^w1 ,he is ! ,god ( r$emptive hi/ory4 ,?us morality f9ds its />t+-po9t 9 !ology#dfb4 ,! ,*ri/ian acc\nt ( ,man next engages att5tion4 ,we conf9e ourselves to an inquiry into ?ree po9ts3 :at is man's ess5tial nature1 8 ideal de/9y1 8 pres5t condition8 ,we h already obs]v$ t 9 ,*ri/ian ,e?ics man is n ! c5tral object ( /udy4 ,! moral univ]se t5ds t[>ds a m compreh5sive end ?an ! p]fection ( humanity4 ,nev]!less ,*ri/ianity is specially m>k$ by a p>ticul> conception ( man4 ,reg>d+ him z a be+ de/9$ = union )1 capable ( lik5ess to ,god1 %e (f]s an acc\nt ( man's failure to fulfil 8 true de/9y1 & witnesses to a ,div9e rem$y = 8 pres5t condition4 ,! famili> contra/ betwe5 humanity z x might become1 & z x is1 gives significance to ! peculi>ly ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( s94 ,x is ! dignity ( ! suff]] t makes ! mis*ief s ru9\s2 x is ! greatness ( ! issue at /ake t makes a ,div9e movem5t t[>ds man = 8 recov]y at once cr$ible1 & wor?y ( ,god#dfc4 ,fir/1 !n1 we presuppose a c]ta9 view ( man's nature4 ,*ri/ianity lays /ress on ! pr9ciple ( p]sonality1 ) its det]m9+ elem5ts1 w & self-consci\sness4 ,x is = psy*ology to accurately def9e p]sonality4 ,= e?ics x is simply an ultimate1 all-important fact4 ,x is t elem5t 9 man :i* makes him morally ak9 to ,god1 & capable ( hold+ communion ) ,him2 t :i* places him 9 consci\s relation to ,law2 gives him a repres5tative "* z ,god's vice-g]5t on e>?1 & conveys ! "r to dom9ion ov] physical nature4 ,if religion consi/s 9 p]sonal relations betwe5 man & ,god1 religi\s e?ics mu/ be conc]n$ ) ! "r culture & developm5t ( p]sonality4 ,b 9 virtue ( 8 creaturely position1 man's p]sonality _c be an end to itself#dfd4 ,! t5d5cy ( ,greek ?\ght 0 to reg>d man z a self-c5tr$ be+2 to look = ! spr+s ( moral action1 & ! p[] ( progress1 )9 human nature itself4 ,?us ,ari/otle's ideal is ! self-developm5t ( ! individual "u ! guidance ( reason1 & 9 accordance ) ! law ( 8 be+4 ,! "q is1 :at is ?is law1 & :at ! gr\nd ( its obligation8 ,p]sonality1 we answ]1 m>k$ man f ! fir/ z a be+ de/9$ = communion )1 & free imitation ( ,god#dfe4 ,p]sonality enables man to be receptive ( a message & a call f ,god4 ,x conf]s on ea* possessor ( x an absolute dignity & wor?4 ,p]sonality--"h is our crucial fact2 enabl+ u to take a j measure ( man1 & ( our duty t[>ds him4 ,"o ( ! deepe/ tru?s br\ght to light by ! ,gospel 0 ! value ( ! p]sonal life1 ( ! s+le s\l1 9 ,god's sight4 ,man is great1 n m]ely because he ?9ks1 & c recognise moral relation%ips & obligations2 b *iefly because he 0 creat$ = union ) ,god2 & 0 de/9$ to f9d bless$ness & p]fection 9 ,him alone4 ,*ri/ianity !re=e rates highly ! wor? ( ! individual2 & h] task is to develop ea* human p]sonality--to br+ ea* into contact ) ! ,p]sonality ( ,god#dff4 ,=1 secondly1 man has an ideal de/9y#dfg--life 9 union ) ,god1 a de/9y :i*1 z x _c be realiz$ "u pres5t conditions ( exi/5ce1 po/ulates ! fur!r tru? ( p]sonal immortality#dfh4 ,man is capable ( progressive assimilation to ,god ( ev] deep] spiritual aff9ity to ,him#dfi4 ,su* mu/ be ! ideal end ( a be+ ( :om x is reveal$ t he 0 made '9 ! image ( ,god4' ,b ! ?\ght ( ! ',div9e image' leads u a /ep fur!r4 ,:atev] be ! precise import ( ! expression1 x at lea/ implies t ! ,good1 :i* is ! ess5ce ( ! ,div9e1 is also a vital elem5t 9 ! p]fection ( ,human nature4 ,x rema9s to indicate ! way 9 :i* man is capable ( recognis+ ,good z ! law ( 8 be+1 & embody+ x 9 a "*4 ,*ri/ianity1 z a moral sy/em1 (f]s an acc\nt ( consci5ce & ( fre$om4 ,! ,scriptural doctr9e ( consci5ce repres5ts x z ! faculty :i* places man 9 consci\s relation to moral ,law1 z ! expression ( ! ,div9e nature & requirem5t4 ,9 a brief sket* x is en\gh to lay /ress on two po9ts4 #a4 ,consci5ce appe>s to be an orig9al & con/ant pr9ciple 9 human nature4 ,to assign to x a m]ely empirical orig9--to d]ive x f social evolution1 f ! circum/ances1 preval5t beliefs1 traditional cu/oms ( a human community1 is inadequate1 inasmu* z no su* suppos$ orig9 w satisfactorily acc\nt = ! au?oritativ5ess1 ! spontaneity1 ! 'categorical imp]ative' ( consci5ce#dgj4 ,fur!r1 ! functions attribut$ to ?is faculty 9 ,scripture1 e4g4 'judg+1' 'accus+1' 'witness+1' 'legislat+'--all convey ! idea t man /&s 9 relation to moral ,law z some?+ outside & indep5d5t ( himself1 yet lay+ an unconditional claim on 8 w4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian sy/em ! exi/5ce ( consci5ce 9 "s =m is reg>d$ z a prim>y & univ]sal fact4 ,its p]man5t "* is ev]y:]e ! same2 its function1 t ( p]si/5tly witness+ to man t he /&s 9 necess>y relation to e?ical ,good4 #b4 ,! language ( ! ,bible ?r\gh\t implies t consci5ce 9 its e>lie/ /age is an imp]fect organ1 capable l o!r faculties ( be+ cultivat$ & develop$4 ,our ,"l's ref]5ce to ! inw>d 'eye' 7,s4 ,matt4 vi4 #bb7 sugge/s a fruitful analogy 9 /udy+ ! gr[? ( consci5ce4 ,9 its g]m1 consci5ce is l an untra9$ s5se1 ex]cis+ itself on v>iable object-matt]1 & h5ce n uni=m 9 ! quality ( its dictates4 ,x is en\gh to po9t out t ?is fact is amply recognis$ by ,new ,te/am5t writ]s4 ,s4 ,paul speaks m ?an once ( progress 9 k & p]ception z a feature ( ! ,*ri/ian m9d1 & ! faculty ( disc]n+ ! ,good is said to gr[ by ex]cis+ itself on concrete mat]ial#dga4 ,s aga91 ! moral faculty is impair$ by unfai?fulness to its direction2 ! moral *aos 9 :i* ! hea!n _w 0 f9ally plung$ result$ f su* unfai?fulness on a wide scale4 ,! ,g5tiles knew ,god1 b did n act on _! k4 ,!y 'became d>k5$2' !y lo/ ! p[] ( moral p]ception#dgb4 ,to enl>ge on ?is subject =ms no "p ( our pres5t plan4 ,x is fair1 h[ev]1 to cordially ackn[l$ge t ,*ri/ian ?\ght is indebt$ to psy*ological rese>* = deep] & m accurate conceptions ( ! moral faculty2 & ! possibility ( l>ge v>iation bo? 9 ! dictates ( consci5ce1 & ! c]ta9ty ( its guidance1 may be freely admitt$4 ,& yet x has be5 ju/ly obs]v$ t ! "q ( ! orig9 ( ?is faculty is n "o ) :i* e?ics are prim>ily conc]n$4 ,t inquiry is :olly di/9ct f ! "q ( its capacities & functions :5 9 a develop$ /ate#dgc4 ,! unconditional claim ( consci5ce--?is is ! con/ant factor :i* meets u amid all v>iations ( /&>d & condition4 ,x is en\gh t consci5ce is t organ ( ! s\l by :i* x appreh5ds moral tru?1 & is laid "u obligation to fulfil x4 ,a ,*ri/ian is cont5t to describe x z ,god's voice2 or1 9 a poet's words1 ,god's mo/ intimate pres5ce 9 ! s\l ,& ,8 mo/ p]fect image 9 ! _w4 ,= ,consci5ce1 :ile mak+ an absolute claim on man's w1 appeals to him z a be+ end[$ ) a p[] ( *oice3 & ?us we pass to ! subject ( fre$om4 ,:at is fre$om1 9 ! ,*ri/ian s5se8 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t fre$om is connect$ ) tru?4 ',! tru?1' x is said1 '%all make y free4' ,if man /&s 9 a real relation to ! ,good1 8 true fre$om c only mean fre$om to correspond )1 & fulfil ! law ( 8 nature#dgd4 ,! =mal p[] ( *oice ) :i* man is born--a p[] :i* 9 fact is se5 to be extremely limit$#dge--;is only ! rudim5t>y /age ( fre$om4 ,w is z yet subject to numb]less re/rictions1 su* t !y seem utt]ly to preclude an unfett]$ *oice4 ,x is limit$1 = example1 by ! influ5ce ( h]$ity to an ext5t :i* (t5 appe>s to det]m9e unconditionally ! *oice betwe5 diff]5t c\rses ( action4 ',det]m9ism' has at lea/ lib]at$ our ?9k+ f ! crude idea ( fre$om z man's p[] 'to d z he likes4' ,true lib]ty c only mean fre$om f false dep5d5ce1 emancipation ( ! w f ! undue pressure ( ext]nal =ces1 or inh]it$ t5d5cies4 ,! condition ( 'p]fect fre$om' is t 9 :i* man yields an un=c$ accord to ! ,good--8 correspond5ce ) x z ! law ( life4 ,& z 8 =mal p[] ( *oice becomes by habit m & m det]m9$ t[>ds a fix$ adh]5ce to ! ,good1 he beg9s to ta/e ! 'glori\s lib]ty' ( a "r relation to ,god & ,8 ,law4 ,he becomes free ) ! lib]ty :i* is 'fre$om n to s91' he f9ds himself '"u ! sole rule ( ,god mo/ free#dgf4' ,la/ly1 ,*ri/ianity z a moral sy/em is di/+ui%$ by h] view ( man's pres5t condition4 ,8 upw>d developm5t has be5 int]rupt$4 ,9 !ological language he is a 'fall5' be+1 & ! pa? ( e?ical progress is a way ( recov]y#dgg4 ,man's capacity ( correspond+ ) ! ideal1 ( free self-con=mity to x1 ?\gh n de/roy$1 is at lea/ s]i\sly impair$4 ,8 spiritual capacities are n :at !y 7 once 9 a fair way to be2 !y are weak5$ & deprav$1 & man's advance t[>ds a free p[] ( self-det]m9ation is 9 fact h9d]$ by a radical defect ( w--9 ,*ri/ian language by ! pr9ciple ( ,s94 ,! ,bible gives an acc\nt ( s91 its fir/ cause1 its consequ5ces 9 human hi/ory4 ,*ri/ian ,e?ics make all[ance = ?is factor2 sy/ems :i* ov]look x or m9imize x inevitably lose contact ) ! actual problem to be solv$1 ) life z x is4 ,_! t5d5cy at be/ is to treat moral1 z on a level ) physical1 evil3 z an ob/ruction1 a h9drance1 b n a vital defect inh]5t 9 human nature4 ,n su* is ! ,*ri/ian view ( s94 ,= s9 conditions ! "w ( ! ,inc>nate ,son ,himself4 ,n only does ,*ri/ set ,himself to re-erect ! true /&>d ( "*4 ,he devotes ,himself also to deal+ ) ! actual ravages ( moral evil4 ,he tea*es its intr9sic nature1 its s\rce 9 ! w1 ! inviolable law ( its retribution2 ,he reveals ! de/ructive pot5cy ( its effects2 ,he lab\rs z ! ,good ,physician to remove its temporal p5alties2 ,he provides1 9 ,8 aton+ ,sacrifice ( ,himself1 ! "o & only c\nt]vail+ rem$y#dgh4 ,su* po/ulates respect+ ! ,nature ( ,god & ( ,man f9d _! complem5t & po9t ( contact 9 ! ,ca?olic doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation4 ,z to ! ,p]son ( ,*ri/1 x is en\gh to premise t ! ,*ri/ian sy/em ( e?ics is intelligible only on ! basis ( a complete recognition ( all t our ,"l claim$ to be4 ,he came to reveal among m5 ! nature1 ! ways1 ! w ( ! ,all-,holy2 to pres5t ! true patt]n ( human goodness2 to be ! p]fect repres5tative ( man be=e ,god#dgi4 ,he is ! ,reveal] ( ,god1 z be+ ,himself 9 ! fulle/ s5se ,"o ) ,god2 ,he is ! patt]n ( humanity1 9 virtue ( ,8 s9less manhood2 ! repres5tative1 ?r\gh ,8 organic union ) our race4 ,8 ,resurrection & ,asc5sion toge!r are ! condition ( ,8 recreative action z a quick5+ ,_s on ! entire nature ( man4 ,9 a ^w ,8 ,p]son1 ,8 "w1 ,8 "* =m ! c5tral po9t ( e?ical inquiry & contemplation#dhj4 ,to arrive at ! true diff]5tiae ( ,*ri/ian morals we ne$ to /udy m pr(\ndly ! "* & purpose ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,i4 ,*ri/'s ,revelation ( ! ,highe/ ,good4 ,to ! ,*ri/ian morali/ ! entire univ]se pres5ts itself 9 ! light ( a reveal$ purpose z capable ( receiv+ a spiritual impress1 & z mov+ t[>ds an e?ical consummation4 ,= al?\gh man is ! cr[n ( ! physical creation1 he _c be indep5d5t ( x 9 8 advance t[>ds ! prop] p]fection ( 8 be+4 ,! de/9y ( nature is b\nd up ) t ( humanity1 9 s f> z nature t5ds t[>ds "s =m ( e?ical consci\sness1 pres5ts ! mat]ial conditions ( moral action1 is capable ( be+ appropriat$ or modifi$ by moral =ces--w & p]sonality4 ,?us an inquiry into ! ,highe/ ,good = man gives to e?ics a natural po9t ( contact ) metaphysics#dha4 ,*ri/ ,himself po9ts our ?\ght to ?is ideal region by pres5t+ to u z ! ,highe/ ,good1 z ! ultimate object ( moral ef=t1 ! k+dom ( ,god#dhb4 ,a precise def9ition ( ?is expression may be left to a =mal treatise2 b a c]ta9 complexity 9 ! idea may be briefly elucidat$4 ,9 ! fir/ in/ance ! k+dom ( ,god is spok5 ( by our ,"l z a ,good to be appropriat$ by man1 ?r\gh consci\s & discipl9$ moral ef=t4 ,9 ?is s5se ! k+dom is already ')9' m5#dhc1 ?\gh n 9 its mature1 or p]fect$ /age4 ,x is an actual /ate1 spiritual & moral2 an inw>d process or movem5t2 a pres5t possession4 ,! atta9m5t ( ?is /ate involves ',bless$ness'--a ^w ! true mean+ ( :i* is op5 to misconception4 ',bless$ness' is n 'a m]e future exi/5ce ( imag9>y beatitude#dhd2' n a b>e indep5d5ce ( natural necessities2 nor is x id5tical )1 ?\gh x may include1 'happ9ess4' ,! in/9ct 9 human nature to :i* ,*ri/ appeal$ is m fundam5tal ?an ! desire ( 'happ9ess4' ,! ^w employ$ by ,him to convey ,8 mean+ _h by anci5t usage be5 connect$ ) suppos$ conditions & modes ( ! ,div9e exi/5ce4 ',bless$ness' 9 fact consi/s 9 a liv+ relation to ,god1 9 a progressive lik5ess to ,him2 9 its f9al /age x is no?+ less ?an ! possession ( ,god4 ,god is ! ,highe/ ,good#dhe4 ,! k+dom ( ,god is also to be conceiv$ z ! goal ( ! entire movem5t ( ! univ]se3 b :ile nature t5ds bl9dly t[>ds "s ideal end1 ! hi/ory ( mank9d is ! record ( a ,div9ely-direct$ movem5t c>ri$ on ?r\gh free human ag5cy#dhf4 ,= an e?ical _w two factors are requir$2 physical nature1 ! sph]e ( =ce & necessity2 rational p]sonality1 consci\s ( fre$om & ( ! claim ( au?ority4 ,! goal ( ! univ]se is !re=e a k+dom 9 :i* ea* elem5t1 physical nature & p]sonality1 f9ds its appropriate sph]e1 ! "o subord9ate1 ! o!r dom9ant4 ,we disc]n a prophecy ( ?is result 9 ,bacon's great conception ( a 'regnum hom9is' atta9able by intellig5t ob$i5ce to nature4 ,! ,bible is full ( a great] ?\ght4 ,x =esees a k+dom ( intellig5t be+s ^: law is ! s]vice ( ,god2 a /ate 9 :i* ! inn] h>mony ( man's re/or$ nature w be reflect$ 9 a wor?y outw>d environm5t4 ,?is ideal k+dom1 h[ev]1 has its prep>atory /age on e>?4 ,?\gh ! pres5t condition ( x only fa9tly =e%ad[s ! promis$ glory ( ! future1 x has nev]!less be5 9 fact set up among m51 'n 9 ^w1 b 9 p[]4' ,= ! ma9 factor t makes su* a k+dom ideally possible1 already op]ates--namely1 creaturely life realiz+ its true dep5d5ce on ,god1 human w & human "* respond+ to ! w & purpose ( ,god#dhg4 ,su* is ! k+dom = :i* we look1 & its ,c5tre & ,head is ! liv+ ,*ri/#dhh4 ,he is ! type aft] :i* ! new p]sonality is to be fa%ion$4 ,he :o unveils ?is _w ( spiritual be+s & p[]s1 is ,himself ! s\rce ( its movem5t1 ! c5tre ( its attraction1 ! surety ( its f9al triumph4 ,!re _c b result f ?is hope a p>ticul> view ( ! pres5t _w4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ri/ian _s frankly to recognise ! natural _w 9 its due subord9ation to p]sonality1 9 its subs]vi5cy to e?ical ends4 ,an absolute idealism is n less ali5 to ?is /&po9t ?an a crude mat]ialism4 ,! ,*ri/ian is n bl9d to ! tok5s ( int]dep5d5ce betwe5 ! worlds ( matt] & _s2 ! fact inde$ ( su* relation gives peculi> col\r to ! ,*ri/ian reg>d = nature4 ,nature is preci\s z ! sph]e 9 :i* a ,div9e ,life is manife/$1 z ! object ( ,div9e ,love#dhi4 ,& yet1 9 ! light ( revelation1 ! univ]se _c be contemplat$ )\t m+l$ emotions4 ,! ,*ri/ian kn[s some?+ ( ! pa91 & ( ! satisfaction :i* 9 _! un*a/5$ =m we call ,pessimism & ,optimism4 ,= !re mu/ be sorr[ 9 ! recollection ( ! causal l9k t unites physical to moral evil4 ,?\gh pa9 has value z ! condition ( nobl] phases ( life1 & height5$ spirituality ( "*1 x is nev]!less an evil produc+ 9 a heal?y nature some?+ m ?an a transi5t di/urbance4 ,pa9 is ! s5sible1 ev5 if remote1 outcome ( moral p]v]sity1 ( misdirect$ desire4 ,x p]vades imp>tially ! physical univ]se1 b seems 9 manifold in/ances to po9t beyond itself to its s\rce 9 human s94 ,& yet !re is a ,*ri/ian optimism--a ?ankful joy ev5 amid pres5t conditions4 ,!re is ! joy ( at lea/ a rudim5t>y realization ( ! *ief ,good2 ! joy ( sett+ a seal1 z x 71 to ! tru? ( ,god#dij4 ,! 'p[]s ( ! _w to come' are already )9 rea*2 !y c be set 9 motion1 felt1 te/$1 enjoy$4 ,!re is a kn[n end ( creation by ! light ( :i* all =ms & products ( human ent]prize c be judg$4 ,?us ev5 ! gr[? & organiz$ /r5g? ( evil does n dismay ! ,*ri/ian2 = he kn[s t ! advance ( ! k+dom is c]ta91 :atev] be ! h9drances oppos$ to x1 & t ,god's inv9cible w controls & ov]rules all t seems mo/ lawless1 & ho/ile to ,8 purpose4 ',! city ( ,god1' says ,s4 ,augu/9e1 'is a pilgrim soj\rn+ by fai? among evil m51 abid+ pati5tly ! day :5 righte\sness %all turn to judgm5t1 & victory br+ peace4' ,9 8 assurance t 'all ?+s "w toge!r = good to !m t love ,god1' t ! end is c]ta91 & human fe>s are bl9d1 ! ,*ri/ian c be free f illusions or extravagant hopes1 yet n ca/ d[n1 'sorr[ful1 yet alway rejoic+1' 'p]plex$1 b n 9 despair#dia4' ,,ii4 ,*ri/'s ,revelation ( ! ,moral ,law1 its au?ority1 sanctions1 & cont5t4 ,on ! place & mean+ ( fre$om 9 ,*ri/ian ,e?ics we h already t\*$4 ,our =mal fre$om is ! gr\nd ( moral responsibility--t elem5t 9 u to :i* ,law makes its au?oritative appeal4 ,f ! ?\ght ( fre$om 9 relation to a moral univ]se we pass naturally to t ( ,law4 ,& fir/1 x is conv5i5t to inquire :at is ! reveal$ basis ( obligation 9 g5]al8 ,! mo/ conspicu\s feature ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt--t fir/ great outl9e ( ,*ri/ian morality--is its au?oritative tone4 ,we in/9ctively turn to x 9 se>*+ = a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( obligation1 a gr\nd ( au?ority = ,law4 ,nor are we disappo9t$1 = our "q is met by ! consid]ation t ?is great disc\rse is prim>ily a revelation ( ! p]sonal ,god 9 ,8 holy relation to mank9d4 ,x is ) ?is p]sonal relation%ip t ! claim ( moral ,good on man's w is se5 to be uni=mly connect$4 ,! ,good 9 fact pres5ts itself to man 9 ! %ape ( a p]sonal appeal3 ',be ye holy1 = ,i am holy4' ,morality appe>s z ,god's exhortation to man to embrace & fulfil ! true law ( 8 nature4 ',be ye p]fect1' x is said1 'ev5 z y\r ,fa!r :i* is 9 heav5 is p]fect#dib4' ,! ,good is ?us at once ! explicit decl>ation ( ! ,div9e w1 & ! condition ( human p]fection4 ,already ! coldness ( ab/ract ,law beg9s to disappe>4 ,law is se5 to be n an ab/raction m]ely1 b insep>ably connect$ ) ! liv+ ,p]sonality beh9d x4 ,x is ! self-revelation ( a lov+ ,be+1 appeal+ to ! object ( ,8 ,love1 & seek+ its highe/ welf>e4 ,obligation is trans=m$1 & is se5 to be ! tie ( vital relation%ip betwe5 p]sons#dic4 ,fur!r1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ,*ri/'s tea*+ z to obligation 0 accompani$ by ! promise ( a sup]natural gift--! gift ( a new capacity to fulfil ! ,law4 ,! ,good _h hi!rto be5 kn[n1 h[soev] imp]fectly1 z requirem5t4 ,e?ical progress be=e ,*ri/'s com+ c\ld only t5d to deep5 ?is k4 ,we "k inde$ :at 0 ! object ( t long provid5tial discipl9e ( humanity :i* culm9at$ 9 ! ,inc>nation3 h[ x end$ by driv+ man to look & long = a condition ( ?+s :i* %\ld no long] be m>k$ by hopeless sev]ance ( ! actual f ! obligatory4 ,) ! adv5t ( ! ,r$eem]1 a new joy dawn$ on ! _w--! possibility ( goodness4 ,we le>n !n t ! gr\nd ( obligation is ,god's w = ! p]fection ( ,8 creatures--,8 desire t !y %\ld be l ,himself#did4 ,! s5se ( obligation is inde$ nev] abs5t f ! consci\sness ( ,*ri/ ,himself4 ',we mu/ "w1' ,he says1 '! works ( ,him t s5t ,me :ile x is day4' ',my meat is to d ! w ( ,him t s5t ,me1 & to f9i% ,8 "w#die3'--;9 :i* utt]ances we disc]n ! pr9ciple we ne$4 ,only :5 duty pres5ts itself 9 ! =m ( p]sonal appeal1 only :5 ob$i5ce is k9dl$ & enri*$ by feel+1 c law become a bond1 n ( con/ra9t1 b ( love4 ,x foll[s t obligation1 ?us f\nd$ on p]sonal relation%ip to ,god1 is absolute & indep5d5t ( v>iation 9 ! specific dem&s ( ,law4 ,human goodness w consi/ 9 correspond5ce to ! w ( ,god1 & ! degree ( cle>ness ) :i* a man appreh5ds t w is ! measure ( 8 obligation4 ,?is pr9ciple seems to preclude any idea ( 'sup]]ogatory works1' & t5ds to neutralise = ! individual consci5ce ! di/9ction betwe5 'comm&s' & 'c\nsels ( p]fection1' ! _s 9 :i* ,law is ideally fulfill$ be+ t ( son%ip1 eag]1 loyal1 & g5]\s#dif4 ,! univ]sal obligation ( moral ,law is by ,*ri/ connect$ = practical purposes ) a sy/em ( sanctions4 ,z to ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts x is only necess>y to obs]ve1 t any e?ical sy/em :i* has reg>d to ! condition ( man z he is1 f9ds itself con/ra9$1 = discipl9>y ends1 to lay a c]ta9 /ress on ?is po9t4 ,fur!r1 x %\ld be notic$ t ! nature ( ^! sanctions is seldom cle>ly und]/ood4 ,!y occupy a place 9 ,*ri/'s tea*+1 because x is ,8 wont to deal ) human nature z ,he f9ds x3 ,he po9ts1 h[ev]1 n s mu* to a future /ate1 z to a pres5t spiritual sph]e 9 :i* conduct is indissolubly l9k$ to consequ5ce1 & !re op]ate '! se>*+ laws ( a spiritual k+dom#dig4' ,! sanctions ) :i* ,*ri/ en=ces ,8 doctr9e may ?us be reg>d$ z po9t+ to a reign ( ,law 9 ! spiritual realm :i* ,he reveals to mank9d4 ,he seems inde$ to recognise ! occasional ne$ ( appeals to fe>1 z likely to r\se ! consci5ce & w4 ,he sets be=e u ! prospect ( spiritual judgm5ts act+1 at lea/ p>tially1 9 ! sph]e ( ! pres5t life4 ,8 m frequ5t appeal1 h[ev]1 is to :at may be call$ ! enlight5$ self-int]e/ ( m54 ,_! true life1 ,he tells !m1 is to be f\nd or acquir$ 9 a consecration1 a sacrifice ( ! natural life to ! claims & calls ( ! ,div9e k+dom#dih4 ,su* sacrifice1 su* co-op]ation ) ,god1 is its own ineffable rew>d4 ,:at !n1 x may be ask$1 are ! motives1 ! inducem5ts to action1 appeal$ to by ,*ri/ianity8 h[ f> are imp]fect motives recognis$8 & 9 view ( ! fact t no m]e s5se ( relation to ,law is 9 g5]al likely to move ! human w1 :]e does ! ,gospel f9d its 'moral dynamic'--its highe/ motive8 ,we h se5 t ,*ri/ianity 9 a peculi> degree comb9es ! pres5tation ( duty ) an appeal to feel+4 ,9 ! same way by connect+ obligation to obey ,god ) a revelation ( ,8 ,love1 ,jesus ,*ri/ solves ! mo/ difficult problem ( e?ics4 ,! highe/ motive is ,love to ,god1 k9dl$ n only by ! contemplation ( ,8 ,p]fections1 b also by a passionate s5se ( :at ,he has wr\ght 9 ord] to make possible ! fulfilm5t ( ,8 ,law4 ',we love ,him1' says ,s4 ,john1 'because ,he fir/ lov$ u4' ,we d n1 h[ev]1 expect ! motive ( actions to be 9 all cases id5tical1 or uni=mly praisewor?y4 ,a practical sy/em mu/ recognise v diff]5t /ages ( maturity 9 "*2 & ! possibility ( imp]fect or mix$ motives is frankly all[$ by ,*ri/ian ?9k]s1 & seems to be sanction$ by our ,"l ,himself#dii4 ,x may be said on ! :ole t :ile ! ,gospel ev] appeals to man's desire = 8 own good1 x adapts itself & condesc5ds to widely v>y+ =ms & degrees ( t desire1 by way ( educat+ x to great] dis9t]e/$ness & purity#ejj4 ,we may fitt+ly speak ( 'a hi]>*y ( motives1' & c view ) equanimity ^? attacks on ,*ri/ianity :i* repres5t x z a ?9ly-disguis$ appeal to selfi%ness4 ,= ! rew>d promis$ to man is "o :i* w only appeal to him 9 s f> z he has p>t$ ) 8 old self1 & has made ! ,div9e purpose 8 own4 ,! rew>d is joy--! 'joy ( ! ,"l2' ! joy ( a wor?y cause embrac$ & advanc$2 ( a task a*iev$1 ( lab\r cr[n$ by nobl] & wid] s]vice4 ,su* joy c\ld only be an inspir+ motive to self-=getful love1 :i* f9ds ! fulfilm5t ( e aspiration1 ! satisfaction ( e desire 9 ,god & 9 ,8 "w#eja4 ,*ri/ian duty1 ! cont5t ( ! ,law1 dem&s some:at l>g] treatm5t4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! conception ( morality z a ,div9e code1 z '! positive law ( a !ocratic community1' :i* seems *>act]i/ic ( e>ly ,*ri/ian writ+s on morals--is a legacy f ,judaism#ejb4 ,be ?is z x may--! di/9ctive feature ( ,*ri/ianity is t h5ce=? ! ,law is n contemplat$ ap>t f ! ,p]sonality ( ,god4 ,! ,law is 'holy1 j1 & good1' because x reflects ,8 "*4 ,ob$i5ce to x is ackn[l$g$ to be ! indisp5sable condition ( true union betwe5 ,god & ,8 creatures4 ,= ,jesus ,*ri/ tea*es u to disc]n 9 ! ,law ! self-unveil+ ( a ,be+ ^: hol9ess & love x reflects1 z well z ,8 purpose = man4 ,! reveal$ ,law is compris$ 9 ! ,decalogue4 ,x seems ne$less to v9dicate at l5g? ! p>am\nt place :i* ?is fundam5tal code occupies 9 ,*ri/ian ?\ght#ejc4 ,suffice x to say t 9 broad outl9e x def9es ! conditions ( a "r relation to ,god1 & to all t ,he has made4 ,& ! ,law is 'spiritual#ejd4' ,?\gh = educative purposes prim>ily conc]n$ ) action1 x makes ref]5ce to inw>d disposition1 & !reby anticipates ! ma9 *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ian goodness4 ,x also recalls ! great l&m>ks ( ,god's r$emptive action2 x sets =? ,8 graci\s acts1 p>tly z an inc5tive to gratitude1 p>tly z a gr\nd ( obligation4 ,9 our ,"l's tea*+ we f9d two tru?s impli$3 7#a7 ,! absolute priority & p]man5ce ( ! ,decalogue 9 relation to all o!r precepts ( ! ,jewi% ,law4 7#b7 ,its ess5tial unity view$ z a ,law ( love4 ,?is latt] aspect is anticipat$ 9 ! book ( ,deut]onomy1 & is explicitly set =? by our ,"l4 ,!re are1 ,he tells u1 two comm&m5ts3 ! fir/ & greate/1 love to ,god2 ! second 'l unto x1' love to man1 ) ! limitation annex$1 ',?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4' ,?us guid$ by prec$5t1 a ,*ri/ian1 9 exam9+ ! ,law's cont5t1 may take ! ,decalogue z a natural basis ( division4 ,x may be %ortly analys$ z embrac+ a compreh5sive outl9e ( man's duty t[>ds 7i7 ,god1 7ii7 8 fell[-m51 & implicitly t[>ds himself & non-p]sonal creatures4 ,fir/ /& duties t[>ds ,god1 result+ directly f ! p]sonal contact assum$ to be possible betwe5 ,god & man4 ,! all-embrac+ comm& :i* involves ! fulfill+ ( ! ,law is conta9$ 9 ! words1 ',?\ %alt love ! ,"l ?y ,god ) all ?y he>t1 & ) all ?y s\l1 & ) all ?y m9d#eje4' ,9 ?is 'great comm&m5t' we f9d ! wide/ po9t ( div]g5ce f ,pagan e?ics4 ,man's true c5tre is ,god4 ,8 p]fection is to be s\ght 9 creaturely subjection & free con=mity to ! ,div9e purpose#ejf4 ,! g5]al sph]e ( ,god-w>d duty is def9$ 9 ! fir/ f\r comm&m5ts1 :i* are se5 to give moral sanction1 n only to ! outw>d expression1 b to ! actual sub/ance ( belief2 ! di/9ctive duties enjo9$ !re9 h be5 summ>ily describ$ z fai?1 rev]5ce1 s]vice#ejg4 ,! f\r? precept lays d[n ! pr9ciple t man is b\nd to hon\r ,god by consecrat+ a def9ite portion ( "t to ,8 wor%ip1 & by provid+ space = ! due recreation ( t human nature :i* by creative "r is ,god's1 & is de/9$ = union ) ,him4 ,! duty ( love to our fell[-m5 foll[s ^u t ( love to ,god4 ,e man's p]sonality gives him absolute & equal wor? 9 ,god's sight1 & !re=e lays u "u obligation t[>ds him4 ,hea!n morali/s conf9$ ! sph]e ( obligation to a few simple relation%ips1 e4g4 family-life1 fri5d%ip1 civic duty4 ,b ! reveal$ law ( love to man embraces e relation%ip4 ',e man is neighb\r to e man#ejh4' ,x is cle> t any adequate outl9e ( ?is precept involves ! :ole treatm5t ( social duty4 ,m5 h _! rights1 i4e4 lay u "u obligation1 bo? individually & collectively4 ,! individual has 8 'duty' to fulfil to ! family1 ! association1 ! class1 ! city1 ! /ate1 ! ,*ur* :i* claims him4 ,! imm5se field ( our possible duties t[>ds society1 & t[>ds ea* individual1 s f> z he comes 9 contact ) u1 may be reg>d$ z embrac$ 9 ! second table ( ! ,decalogue4 ,?us ! fif? comm&m5t l5ds important sanction n only to ! p>5tal claim1 b also to ! au?ority ( fundam5tal moral communities--! family1 ! /ate1 ! ,*ur*4 ,! foll[+ precepts regulate ! security ( life & p]sonality1 ( m>riage & sexual di/9ctions1 ( prop]ty1 hon\r1 & good "n4 ,! t5? comm&m5t anticipates t 'inw>dness' :i* con/itutes ! special feature ( ,*ri/ian morality4 ',x is ! comm&m5t1' says an e?ical writ]1 ':i* p]haps beyond any ( ! re/ 0 likely to deep5 9 ! he>ts ( dev\t & ?\ghtful m5 9 ! old ,jewi% times1 t s5se ( _! inability to d ! w ( ,god1 & to fulfil ! ,div9e idea ( :at human life ought to be1 :i* is indisp5sable to ! surr5d] ( ! s\l to ,god#eji4' ,b accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian !ory !re are duties to self1 :i* seem to foll[ f ! relation 9 :i* man /&s to ,god1 & =m ! true measure ( 8 reg>d = o!rs3 ',?\ %alt love ?y neighb\r z ?yself4' ,!re is a "r self-love1 a "r c>e ( ! p]sonality z be+ itself an object ( ,god's ,love1 & s includ$ 9 ! category ( ?+s e?ically good4 ,:at ! ,*ri/ian ought to love1 h[ev]1 is n ! old natural self1 b ! 'new man1' ! true image ( himself :i* has absolute wor?#eaj4 ,a moral complexion is ?us giv5 to all t conc]ns ! p]sonal life--! c>e ( heal?1 ! culture ( faculties1 ! occasions ( self-ass]tion4 ,e mom5t ( consci\s exi/5ce1 & e movem5t ( w1--all 9 fact1 t relates to ! p]sonality--is br\ght )9 ! doma9 ( ,law4 ,*ri/ianity 'claims to rule ! :ole man1 & leave no "p ( 8 life out ( ! range ( its regulat+ & trans=m+ influ5ce#eaa4' ,= 9 e situation1 transaction1 or display ( feel+1 w is requir$ to decl>e itself3 moral activity takes place4 ,duties to self1 z lov$ by ,god1 are ?us impli$ 9 ! 'great comm&m5t4' ,= ,god !re9 requires ( man a consecration ( ! entire self1 an inw>d self-devotion1 a reasonable1 he>tfelt s]vice3 ,he asks = love4 ,f ?is po9t ( view1 s9--! false claim to indep5d5ce--is simply wrong self-love4 ,"s w\ld ev5 class all %apes ( s9 z fall+ "u two ma9 =ms ( self-ass]tion1 arrogance & s5suality4 ,& ,s4 ,augu/9e sugge/s a pr(\nd view ( ! developm5t ( ! true1 z comp>$ ) ! false society1 :5 he says3 ',! two cities owe _! be+ to two =ms ( love2 ! e>?ly1 to self-love2 ! heav5ly1 to ! love ( ,god#eab4' ,x rema9s to ext5d ! pr9ciple ( love to ! non-p]sonal sph]e ) :i* man is 9 contact4 ,we h se5 t absolute wor? belongs only to p]sonality4 ,b man's relation to ! creatures bel[ him 9 ! scale ( developm5t1 implies a field ( duties ( :i* e?ics mu/ take cognizance4 ,! non-p]sonal "p ( nature is orda9$ = subjugation by man4 ,x is includ$ 9 8 dom9ion3 t]ram d$it filiis hom9um4 ,yet ev5 9 ! ,mosaic ,law we f9d respect enjo9$ = c]ta9 di/9ctions ( nature1 :i* are n to be ov]ridd5 or conf\nd$4 ,! physical ord]1 l ! moral1 0 to be reg>d$ z sacr$#eac4 ,duties1 !n1 ( ?is k9d exi/3 & !y are app>5tly compreh5d$ 9 ! f\r? comm&m5t1 :i* expresses ,god's creative claim on typical ord]s ( liv+ creatures1 orda9+ t 'cattle' are to %>e ! b5efit ( ! ,sabba? re/4 ,! six? & eigh? comm&m5ts aga9 imply ! sanctity ( physical life1 & ( p]sonal prop]ty4 ,& if we pass beh9d ! decalogue1 we f9d animals includ$ 9 a s5se )9 ,god's orig9al & irrev]sible cov5ant#ead4 ,! control !re=e ( human w ov] nature1 animate & inanimate1 ?\gh comp>atively absolute1 is yet subject to ! re/rictions :i* love sugge/s4 ,= ! natural _w also displays ! omnipres5t control1 & wat*ful provid5ce ( a ,be+ ',^: m]cy is ov] all ,8 works4' ,physical life 9 ?is sph]e may be treat$ z a means2 b x mu/ also be dealt ) '9 h>mony ) ! creative ,?\ght#eae4' ,9 quitt+ ! subject ( duty1 we d well to m>k ! inf9ite ext5sion giv5 to ! idea by ! treatm5t ( x 9 connection ) ! doctr9e ( an ,inf9ite & ,holy ,god4 ,our ,"l1 illu/rat+ ,8 exposition ( ! anci5t ,law by a few significant examples1 n only op5$ to ,8 he>]s ! possibility ( a spiritual1 transc5d5t morality1 b also laid d[n a f>-rea*+ pr9ciple ( obligation4 ,! self-unveil+ ( ! ,inf9ite ,be+ evid5tly makes an inf9ite claim on ! w & affection ( intellig5t creatures4 ,) ?is ext5sion ( morality we might comp>e a some:at p>allel feature 9 ! ae/hetic sph]e4 ,into ! arts also1 notably into ar*itecture & music1 ! ,*ri/ian _s introduc$ ! elem5t ( my/]y1 & f\nd expression 9 !m = ! idea ( inf9ity--an idea s ali5 to ! ,greek g5ius1 :i* _h ev] contemplat$ beauty1 & !re=e e?ical ,good1 z some?+ ess5tially limit$1 measurable1 symmetrical1 exact#eaf4 ,su* a ?\ght might sugge/ a l9e ( ab/ract discussion2 b practical ne$s rem9d u t ! true range ( obligation is be/ int]pret$ to u by a liv+ ideal4 ,z ! writ] ( ,ecce ,homo rem>ks1 ',! law :i* ,*ri/ gave 0 n only illu/rat$1 b inf9itely enl>g$1 by ,8 de$s4 ,= e de$ 0 itself a prec$5t to be foll[$1 & !re=e to discuss ! legislation ( ,*ri/ is to discuss ,8 "*2 = x may be ju/ly said t ,*ri/ ,himself is ! ,*ri/ian ,law#eag4' ,! transition f ! discussion ( moral ,law to t ( ,*ri/ian "* seems at ?is po9t natural & simple4 ,,iii4 ,*ri/ ! ,patt]n ( ,"*4 ,! /ress :i* 9 ,*ri/ian ,e?ics is laid ^u p]sonality sc>cely requires fur!r illu/ration4 ,! pr9ciple ( p]sonality und]lies our fundam5tal assumption t man is capable ( free communion )1 & imitation (1 ,god4 ,we believe t ! union betwe5 ,god & man 0 consummat$ 9 & ?r\gh a ,p]son4 ,fur!r1 ! _s 9 :i* fulfilm5t ( ! ,law is possible--! _s ( filial love--c only exi/ 9 p]sonal relations4 ,x corresponds ) ?is g5]al prom95ce ( p]sonality t ,*ri/ianity pres5ts ! ideal /&>d ( human "* 9 a ,p]son4 ,9 pass+ may be not$ ! fact t ?is pr9ciple to "s ext5t em]ges 9 anci5t sy/ems4 ,ari/otle's def9ition ( virtue naturally occurs to u z admitt+ ! function ( an 'exp]t' 7 1 71 9 ! "r e/imation ( moral action4 ,! ,/oic aga9 seeks or inv5ts a tru/wor?y /&>d 9 8 ideal conception ( ! 'wise man4' ,x seems possible t mod]n non-,*ri/ian e?ics w ultimately sub/itute = ! cultivat$ s5se ( mank9d "s =m ( p]sonal ideal#eah4 ,= '! ,law atta9s its lovable =m1 its beauty1 only :5 x becomes p]sonal#eai2' & x might be said ) tru? t no idea c be =m$ ( virtues 9 ! h>mony ( _! comb9ation1 until !y are se5 embodi$ 9 a p]son4 ,j z !ology has 9 ! /udy ( ,div9e tru? conc5trat$ h] gaze on ! ,p]son ( ,jesus ,*ri/ z a revelation ( ,god2 s e?ics1 9 ! ef=t to =mulate ! law ( moral p]fection1 mu/ /udy ! same ,div9e ,p]son z a type ( "*4 ,x is necess>y !re=e at ! outset to recall "s sali5t features ( ! great ,example4 ,! "* ( ,jesus ,*ri/ has be5 a subject ( /udy to ?9k]s ( e p]iod 9 ,*ri/ian hi/ory1 & ( inf9itely v>i$ qualifications = ! task4 ,"s h 9 ! suppos$ int]e/ ( morality be5 tempt$ to lay disproportionate /ress on ! fact ( our ,"l's manhood4 ,!y ask h[ ,*ri/ c be an example to humanity1 unless he be a ,man l o!r m5#ebj8 ,f a ,*ri/ian /&po9t1 h[ev]1 x is cle> t ! efficacy ( t ,example dep5ds on ,*ri/'s be+ a ,man unlike o!r m5--unlike !m 9 ,8 relation to ! ,div9e requirem5t1 unlike !m 9 ,8 p[] ( contact ) ! entire race4 ,?us we f9d ourselves 9 correspond5ce ) dogmatic tru?4 ,! my/]y ( atonem5t necessitates a s9less ,victim2 ! ,*ri/ian conception ( human life requires a s9less ,example4 ,! p]fect patt]n ( mank9d mu/ 9 "o mat]ial respect be z f> z possible isolat$ & remov$ f ! race ,he came to r$eem3 = s9lessness is a "p ( ! ,div9e ?\ght conc]n+ human nature4 ,if aga9 we take into acc\nt ! scope & significance ( ,8 r$emptive "w1 x is va9 to comp>e ,*ri/ ) 'o!r great m54' ,he came n m]ely z ! ,example1 b z ! ,r$eem] & ,savi\r ( humanity4 ,7 ,he m]ely ! ,example1 ,8 dep>ture w\ld h left mank9d 9 ev5 deep] angui% & helplessness ?an be=e ,8 com+4 ,man w\ld h se5 ! ,light1 & felt its attraction1 only to f9d himself p[]less to foll[4 ,& ?us1 because ,*ri/ is a ,man unlike all o!r m51 we ne$ 9 contemplat+ ,8 "* ! caution t '! ,div9e ,reality is ap>t f1 & ev5 great] ?an :at ! greate/ h ?\ght ( x & said ( x#eba4' ,! ideal conception ( "* pres5t$ ei!r 9 ,pagan ?\ght1 or ev5 9 ! volume ( ,messianic prophecy1 has be5 indef9itely enri*$1 & illum9at$ by ! ,,life :i* _h be=e be5 only dimly =e%ad[$1 or at ! be/ d>kly und]/ood4 ,n[ x may be said1 ) no violation ( ! proportion ( tru?1 t ! mo/ important "p ( ! ,gospel revelation conc]n$ man's true relation to ,god4 ,9 ! =efront ( ,*ri/'s tea*+ is set ! doctr9e ( ! ,div9e ,fa!rhood4 ,he impress$ ?is tru? on m5 n m by ,8 express utt]ances1 ?an by ! example ( ,8 own habitual attitude t[>ds ,god4 ,x may be ju/ly all[$ t our ,"l taught1 & display$ among m5 'a new type ( goodness1 ! filial & dep5d5t4' ,9 ,him we see ! activity ( 'a p]fectly filial w#ebb4' ,x w be useful to exp& ?is sugge/ive ?\ght some:at m fully4 ,fir/1 !n1 we see 9 ,*ri/ ! p]fect example ( filial dep5d5ce on ,god#ebc4 ,?is dep5d5ce is n m]e passivity ( w--su* z ! record ( ! ,temptation exhibits2 n simply a confid+ tru/ 9 ! provid5ce & su/a9+ p[] ( ,god4 ,we r see 9 ,*ri/'s _s ( dep5d5ce a motive :i* impels ,him to fe>less1 unfett]$ activity1 & supports ,him "u ! ke5e/ /ress ( trial & suff]+4 ,he speaks & acts ev] z ,"o :o1 9 ea* situation1 is aw>e ( ! controll+ h& ( inf9ite ,wisdom & ,love4 ,he has t entire security 9 ! c]ta9ty ( ,div9e guidance1 to :i* no em]g5cy comes z a surprise1 no call = action br+s di/urbance4 ,he kn[s t '! works' :i* tax ,8 human faculties1 & we>y ,8 bodily frame1 are su* z ! ,fa!r 'has giv5 ,him to p]fect4' ,a filial tru/fulness is ?us ! secret at once ( ,8 en]gy & ,8 repose2 ,8 promptness 9 action & ,8 calmness 9 await+ ! suitable mom5t = x2 ,8 unbrok5 heav5ly-m9d$ness & ,8 self-sp5d+ devotion 9 m9i/ry & works ( love4 ,x makes possible ! maje/ic s]5ity :i* nev] des]ts ,him dur+ ! sc5es ( ,8 ,passion4 ',i am n alone1' ,he says1 'because ! ,fa!r is ) ,me#ebd4' ,9 su* a _s ( dep5d5ce may be recognis$ ! true law ( creaturely life2 & !re is no?+ 9 t _s :i* degrades or impairs ! true dignity ( human nature4 ,nay1 !re is some?+ 9 ?is dep5d5ce ( a filial he>t :i* seems to *a/5 & exalt ! "*1 :ile x quick5s ! intellig5ce ( man4 ,= 9 fulfill+ 8 own true law1 & respond+ to ! w ( 8 ,mak]1 man f9ds himself admitt$ to ! secret ( ! univ]se2 he is 9 h>mony ) ! purpose t und]lies & guides its entire movem5t4 ,s also1 we v5ture to say1 x is ) ! ,ideal ,man4 ',ev]y:]e ,he sees ! ,div9e unity ( ?\ght :i* p]meates1 embraces1 & b9ds all ?+s toge!r1 ! spiritual & ! mat]ial1 ! visible & ! invisible1 ! e>?ly & ! heav5ly1 9 "o va/ economy#ebe4' ,to ,him ! promise seems fulfill$1 ',?\ %alt be 9 league ) ! /ones ( ! field1 & ! bea/s ( ! field %all be at peace ) !e4' ,to ,him ! _w ( humanity1 & ! _w ( physical nature disclose _! inn] law2 ,he kn[s :at is 9 !m2 ,he intuitively reads _! secret2 ,he c trace b5ea? ! app>5t discords ( ! univ]se ! outl9es ( a brok51 b recov]able1 h>mony4 ,& ?us ! attitude ( filial dep5d5ce on ,god is f\nd to be ! condition ( a "r relation to all t ,he has made2 x op5s ! way to a true und]/&+ ( ,god's ways1 & ( t liv+ pr9ciple ( ,love :i* b9ds all ?+s 9 "o--b9ds !m inde$ by gold *a9s ab\t ! feet ( ,god4 ,next1 we may contemplate ,*ri/'s "* z ! type ( filial ob$i5ce#ebf1--( a complete h>mony betwe5 human w & ! law ( hol9ess4 ,9 ,*ri/ ! ideal ( free w is realiz$#ebg4 ,we are n n[ conc]n$ ) ! va/ issues ( t s9less ob$i5ce4 ,x is en\gh to /udy x z embody+ a pr9ciple ( purely human p]fection1 enjo9$ inde$ repeat$ly 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t z ! "o condition ( cov5antal union ) ,god1 b once only 9 hi/ory adequately fulfill$ 9 a human life4 ,ob$i5ce1 bas$ on absolute tru/ 9 ! "* & purpose ( ,god2 an 'ob$i5ce ( fai?1' yet 9 its ess5ce ! ob$i5ce n ( a s]vant1 b ( a son2 an ob$i5ce t refuses no?+1 %r9ks f no?+1 que/ions no?+ t pres5ts itself z ,div9e requirem5t3 su* is se5 to be ! law ( ,*ri/'s ,life1 ! law to ,him ( action & ( endurance1 ! rule ( pray]1 ! pr9ciple ( sacrifice1 ! motive ( s]vice1 ! well-spr+ ( ?anksgiv+ & joy4 ,if ! entire complet5ess ( ?is ob$i5ce becomes ,"o :o we>s '! =m ( a s]vant2' ! will+ness ( x m>ks ! glad s]vice ( a ,son4 ,& because ! fulfilm5t by ,jesus ( ! ,fa!r's w is spontane\s1 free1 :ole-he>t$1 sacrificial1 x w9s acceptance z ! (f]+ ( ,"o 'well-pleas+' & 'belov$4' ,p]fect$ by submission to suff]+ & dea?1 ! ob$i5ce ( ,jesus is /amp$ ) ! tok5 ( ,div9e satisfaction by ,8 ris+ f ! dead4 ,& f9ally1 ,*ri/ is ! p]fect patt]n ( filial love4 ,he taught ! human he>t t ! ,all-,holy ,god c be ! object ( its highe/ affection1 its pure/ passion1 its deepe/ joy4 ,9 ,*ri/ we see ! filial "* consummat$2 9 ,him we f9d ! union ( s]5e repose ) consum+ zeal1 unwav]+ loyalty1 & sympa!tic self-devotion to ! ,fa!r's "w2 9 o!r words we f9d creaturely p]fection1 comb9$ ) ! _s ( son%ip4 ,9 _m & my/]i\s ways inde$1 does ?is filial love ( ! true ,son display itself3 9 a hung] & ?ir/ aft] righte\sness2 9 a pati5ce :i* c bide ! "t1 & endure ! *a/isem5ts1 ( ,god2 9 an ov]fl[+ t5d]ness t[>ds all ,god-creat$ be+s because !y are ,8 & 9 _! measure be> witness ( ,him2 9 a fai? :i* 'hope? all ?+s' & lab\rs to make all ?+s p]fect4 ,su* is ! _s ( ! ,son3 & we 'le>n ( ,him' ! l(t9ess ( ! height to :i* a filial love ( ,god may raise human "*1 ! t5aci\s /r5g? x may imp>t to human w1 ! peace x may %$ on a human he>t4 ,love is '! bond ( p]fectness1' & to we> ! image ( ! ,son is to be con=m$ ?r\gh ,love to ! lik5ess ( ! ,fa!r ,himself#ebh4 ,! example ( virtue is ?us se5 9 a "*1 ( :i* "s aspects h be5 j consid]$3 & we may pause at ?is po9t1 9 ord] to =m "s conclusion z to ! factors ( virtu\s action judg$ f ! ,*ri/ian /&po9t4 ,to h moral wor?1 an action mu/ be ! outcome ( an entire b5t1 or disposition ( ! ag5t4 ,good fruit is to be expect$ only f a good tree#ebi4 ,9 ! virtu\s act ! ag5t's p]sonality is engag$ z a :ole2 8 :ole nature is direct$ t[>ds a s+le object4 ,?is inw>d unity is p]haps :at we really mean by 'simplicity4' ,9 su* action1 ! human be+ mo/ ne>ly approa*es ! conc5trat$ & h>moni\s en]gy ( ! ,div9e ,life#ecj4 ,! p]son acts z an undivid$ :ole1 ea* "p ( 8 nature is = ! "t direct$ aright4 ,b we are "h rem9d$ t man's nature is disord]$3 x c produce no?+ truly good1 except 9 s f> z x is re/or$ to h>mony by ,div9e p[]4 ,god1 says ,?omas ,aqu9as1 calls u to a sup]natural end1 :i* by 8 natural p[]s man c\ld n atta94 ,god ,himself mu/ !re=e imp>t ! sup]natural pr9ciple necess>y to aid man 9 respond+ to ! call#eca4 ,no act1 9 %ort1 c be /rictly call$ 'good' :i* is dissociat$ f ! direct action ( ,god3 = '!re is none good b ,"o1 t is ,god3' ,o "w ?y works 9 ,god2 ,he c rejoice 9 n\ght ,save only 9 ,himself1 & :at ,himself has wr\ght#ecb4 ,we conclude t 9 a good action !re is a true h>mony ( ! diff]5t elem5ts 9 p]sonality--intellig5ce1 affection1 w2 & fur!r t su* h>mony presupposes ! action ( sup]natural p[] on man's nature4 ,x agrees ) ?is t ,*ri/ian morali/s give to ! *ief pr9ciples ( virtu\s action ! "n ( '!ological virtues1' & reg>d !m z sup]naturally imp>t$4 ,a good action1 !n1 implies "r intellig5ce4 ,!re mu/ be an ex]cise ( fai?1 :i* is a pr9ciple ( k--a correspond5ce betwe5 human faculties & an unse5 object4 ,fai? accepts ! good z ! prop] elem5t ( man's p]fection2 takes ,god at ,8 ^w1 & aims at pleas+ ,him4 ',)\t fai? x is impossible to please ,him#ecc4' ,next1 w ass]ts itself4 ,w is direct$ t[>ds an end desirable & atta9able by ef=t3 & ?us is inspir$ by ,hope4 ,a /udy ( ,*ri/'s example sugge/s t ! highe/ object ( hope = man is ! p]fection ( 8 nature ?r\gh ! means appo9t$ by ,god#ecd4 ,we see 9 ,*ri/ some?+ ( ! desire1 & ! joy ( moral a*ievem5t4 ,:5 ,he said t '! workman is wor?y ( 8 rew>d1' ,he po9t$ to ! possibility ( a true1 unselfi% pleasure 9 good "w z su*3 ( t ?ir/ = p]fection & self-dissatisfaction :i* di/+ui%es ! true arti/ f common m54 ,la/ly1 !re rema9s t :i* is ! dom9ant factor 9 ,*ri/ian goodness4 ,love4 ,!re is an elem5t ( passion 9 ,*ri/like hol9ess1 :i* diff]5tiates x f philosophic conceptions ( virtue z a tranquil1 balanc$ /ate#ece4 ,love gives wor? to ! fulfilm5t ( duty2 embraces1 9 union ) ,god1 ! ,div9e aim ( creation2 & manife/s itself 9 spontaneity & inv5tive activity1 trans=m+ ! fulfilm5t ( obligation into an occasion ( joy\s & delightful s]vice4 ,our ,"l repres5ts ?is 'ard5t1 passionate1 devot$ /ate' ( he>t z ! real root ( virtue4 ,)\t x ! mo/ punctili\s ob$i5ce is no?+2 = n to love is n to live#ecf4 ,hav+ ?us indicat$ ! place ( intellig5ce1 w1 & affection 9 virtu\s activity1 we are free to /udy ! ,*ri/ian "*1 & p]haps asc]ta9 its p]man5t features--^? elem5ts 9 x :i* h surviv$ ! te/ ( su* wide v>iety ( hi/orical conditions4 ,we h to inquire :at is common to ! types ( ,*ri/ian life :i* diff]5t ages1 /ates ( civilization1 & =ms ( nationality h produc$8 ,= "* is t :i* is capable ( developm5t 9 v>i$ situations1 ( free & spontane\s self-adaptation to e *ange ( environm5t4 ,circum/ance proves its quality1 (f]s x a field ( ex]cise1 & m9i/]s to its gr[?4 ,our task is r to sket* a "* ?an to classify virtues4 ',! e>lie/ ,*ri/ians1' says ! writ] ( ,ecce ,homo1 'felt a natural repugnance to describe ! goodness at :i* !y aim$ by ! "n ( ,virtue4' ,)9 limits inde$ su* a classification is possible3 & a pr9ciple ( division may be appli$ ev5 to a ?+ s my/]i\s1 s subtle 9 its %apes & gradations1 s fruitful 9 surprises1 z "*4 ,we may1 = in/ance1 take z a basis ! pr9ciple ( p]sonality1 & consid] ! ,*ri/ian p]sonality 9 its ?reefold relation%ip3 to ,god1 to itself1 to its neighb\r1 & 9 contact ) ! h9drances1 moral & physical1 pres5t$ by its environm5t#ecg4 ,i4 ,! ,*ri/ian p]sonality 9 relation to ,god4 ,! di/9ctive feature ( ,*ri/ian "* consi/s 9 consci\sness ( t filial relation to ,god :i* ,grace re/ores2 ( ! spiritual bond t exi/s betwe5 ! human s\l & ',him :o is invisible4' ,h5ce ! goodness at :i* ! ,*ri/ian aims is t :i* w be> ! se>*+ light ( ! ,div9e eye4 ',he *ose u out ( ! _w1' says ,s4 ,paul1 't we might be holy & blameless be=e ,him4' ,?us 9 its ess5ce ,*ri/ian "* is bas$ on a peculi> s5se ( relation%ip to ,god2 !re und]lies x a con/ant desire ( union ) ,god1 a temp] ( loyalty1 a _s ( ?ankful dep5d5ce1 a feel+ ( ne>ness to ! ,div9e pres5ce4 ,7 x true1 z has be5 said1 t '! ,div9e s]vice' _h 'become human s]vice#ech1' ,*ri/ian "* z a di/9ct type w\ld h ceas$ to be4 ,f ?is attitude ( m9d & w two results foll[3 fir/1 s+l5ess ( aim1--! 's+le eye4' ,! s5se ( p]sonal relation to ,god gives directness1 tru?fulness1 simplicity to spee*1 action1 & ?\ght4 ,s f> z he is true to 8 pr(ession a ,*ri/ian is indep5d5t ( ! curr5t op9ions ( 8 age1 or community1 seek+ only to live '9 all good consci5ce' t[>ds ,god4 ,! conviction ( an unse5 ,pres5ce guides 8 actions2 an unse5 ,witness p5etrates 8 ?\ght2 an unse5 ,ma/] holds him acc\ntable4 ,inde$1 ,s4 ,paul seems to reg>d holy liv+ z consi/+ simply 9 ! endeav\r to 'please ,god#eci4' ,& a second *>act]i/ic ( ! ,*ri/ian is 8 view ( life 9 ! _w1 ( nature1 ( humanity itself4 ,he obs]ves1 judges1 e/imates all ?+s f ! /&po9t ( ! spiritual m9d4 ,he aims at br++ 8 own ?\ghts & desires into h>mony ) ! ,div9e w & purpose4 ,he looks out on ! _w1 ) its complex social ord]1 its fasc9at+ int]e/1 its appeal+ ne$s1 z a sph]e 9 :i* = a :ile he is call$ to move1 & to lab\r4 ,into ! v>i$ tasks & int]e/s ( life he c ?r[ himself ) l>ge-he>t$ sympa?y1 & ) ! great] f]v\r because ! "t is %ort1 & ! ne$ ( self-=getful activity urg5t4 ',once a real ,*ri/ian1' writes ,lacordaire1 '! _w did n vani% be=e my eyes2 x r assum$ nobl] proportions z ,i myself did4 ,i began to see !re9 a noble suff]] ne$+ help4 ,i c\ld imag9e no?+ comp>able to ! happ9ess ( m9i/]+ to x "u ! eye ( ,god1 ) ! help ( ! ,cross1 & ! ,gospel ( ,*ri/#edj4' ,b ! _w is n ! ,*ri/ian's 'abid+ city4' ,he walks 9 x1 & passes ?r\gh x 9 pilgrim fa%ion1 ) he>t deta*$ f x & all t x c give4 ,he _c commit himself to ! _w1 nor id5tify himself ) x4 ,he has ! int]nal fre$om ( a he>t t has f\nd its true c5tre2 he is able to e/imate visible ?+s at _! real wor?1 & ,to /& 9 fre$om loos5$ f ?is _w#eda4 ,?us to h ! 'm9d ( ,*ri/' is to judge ( life & ! ?+s ( "t ) ,8 judgm5t1 to see ) ,8 eyes1 to be inspir$ by ,8 ,wisdom4 ,s we f9d ourselves 9 natural contact ) ! division ( "* by 'c>d9al virtues4' ',prud5ce' or ',wisdom' is ! outcome ( a "r relation to ,god4 ,god only1 ,s4 ,augu/9e says1 is to be lov$2 ?is _w1 & all s5sible ?+s1 are to be us$4 ,prud5ce is love disc]n+ betwe5 ! ?+s :i* br+ x ne>] to ,god1 & ^? :i* h9d] x f approa*+ ,him#edb4 ,,ii4 ,9 relation to humanity1 & creaturely life 9 g5]al1 ! ,*ri/ian f9ds scope = 'active morality#edc1' = m9i/]+ love4 ,! life ( union ) ,god inspires & prompts ! life ( s]vice to mank9d4 ,! inf9itely v>i$ relation%ips ( life con/itute s _m =ms ( moral obligation4 ,*ri/ian ,ju/ice means no?+ less ?an r5d]+ to all _! due4 ,! desire to imitate ,god is at once ! motive & ! rule ( ,*ri/ian activity#edd4 ,& ?is desire f9ds expression 9 two di/9ctively ,*ri/ian graces3 ! _s ( =giv5ess & ! _s ( compassion4 ,! inculcation ( =giv5ess is '! mo/ /rik+ innovation' 9 ! e?ics ( ! ,gospel#ede4 ,greek ?\ght on ! subject pres5ts a rem>kable contra/4 ,ari/otle is incl9$ to reg>d =giv5ess z a =m ( weakness1 b alli$ to virtue 9 s f> z x involves resi/ance to passion4 ,! gr\nd ( ,*ri/ian =giv5ess is v diff]5t4 ,! duty ( x foll[s p>tly ( c\rse f a consid]ation ( ! common human nature :i* ! (f5d] %>es ) ! injur$2 p>tly also f a dispassionate view ( ! injury inflict$4 ,9 ex]cis+ =giv5ess we suppress t false self-love or p>tiality :i* magnifies a private injury4 ,! ,*ri/ian loves himself n m ?an he loves 8 neighb\r4 ,he c put himself 9 ! (f5d]'s place1 & consid] :at is = 8 highe/ good4 ,he w n all[ ! s5se ( injury to int]f]e )1 or ov]ride ! ex]cise ( good-w ev5 t[>ds enemies4 ,c]ta9ly1 ! s5se ( 8 own moral frailty1 & ( 8 indebt$ness to ,div9e m]cy1 w re/ra9 ! ,*ri/ian f v9dictiv5ess or h>%ness 9 reg>d to ! faults ( o!rs2 :ile ! fact ( ! equality ( m5 9 relation to _! common ,fa!r1 inve/s ev5 ! anti-social s9n] ) ! dignity ( bro!rhood#edf4 ,b =giv+ love is no m]e expression ( self-di/ru/4 ,x is fir$ by some?+ ( ! g5]\s hopefulness1 ! quickness to detect lat5t capacities ( nobl5ess ev5 9 ! wor/1 :i* is ! glory ( ! ,div9e =giv5ess4 ,x 'rejoice? n 9 iniquity1 b rejoice? ) ! tru?2' 'believe? all ?+s1 hope? all ?+s4' ,! ,greek inde$ _h 8 idea ( =be>ance2 to him x meant some?+ less ?an /rict ju/ice2 x 0 a virtue difficult to place or e/imate4 ,logically1 x 0 sc>cely to be prais$4 ,at ! be/ x w\ld nev] h impli$ ! habitual duty ( active =giv5ess4 ,n less di/9ctive ( ! ,*ri/ian "* is compassion#edg1 & ! active b5efic5ce :i* results f x4 ,humanity1 by ,jesus ,*ri/1 0 trans=m$3 x 0 '*ang$ 7to adopt a celebrat$ phrase7 f a re/ra9t to a motive4' ,compassion may display itself 9 read9ess bo? to relieve ! physical ne$s ( ano!r1 & to edify 8 "*4 ,to love "o's fell[-man z "o's self implies will+ness to b5efit him 9 body & e/ate by e means2 b x is also incompatible ) unconc]n or apa?y z to 8 spiritual & moral welf>e4 ,love is communicative1 & w n )hold its be/ treasure4 ,h5ce compassion prompts mission>y activity1 & zeal = moral & social re=ms4 ,nor has 'humanity' ceas$ to be a re/ra9t by becom+ a motive4 ,*ri/ian ju/ice conta9s ! pr9ciple ( 'innoc5tia' z well z ( 'b5evol5tia4' ',love worke? no ill to 8 neighb\r2' x c inflict no wrong1 x c )hold no good2 '!re=e love is ! fulfill+ ( ! ,law#edh4' ,active morality has _m dep>tm5ts4 ,duty to ! 'p[]s t be'--! ord] ( society1 human law1 ! /ate1 ! ,*ur*3 all ?is1 into :i* ! sci5ce ( politics inquires1 =ms "p ( ! obligation involv$ 9 love to man4 ,h[ compreh5sive is ! reply ( an e>ly ,apologi/ to ! *>ge ( disloyalty1 'we behave t[>ds ,emp]ors exactly z we d t[>ds our neighb\rs4 ,to wi%1 or to d1 or to ?9k evil is equally =bidd5 to u 9 any case#edi4' ',?\1' cries ,s4 ,augu/9e1 apo/rophiz+ ! ,*ur*1--',?\ br+e/ )9 ! bond ( mutual love e relation%ip ( k9dr$1 e alliance ( aff9ity2 ,?\ unite/ citiz5 to citiz51 nation to nation1 man to man1 n only 9 society1 b 9 frat]nity4 ,?\ tea*e/ k+s to seek ! welf>e ( _! peoples1 & peoples to be subject to k+s4444 ,?\ %ewe/ h[ to all love is due1 & injury to none#eej6' ,,iii4 ,9 ! life ( active b5efic5ce1 self-sacrifice is no 'occasional h]oism1' b an 'habitual mood#eea4' ,& yet f ! v nature ( ,*ri/ian love x foll[s t !re is a "r self-reg>d1 a zeal = ,god's k+dom 9 ! s\l1 a desire = ! highe/ welf>e ( ! p]sonality z an object ( wor? 9 itself1 & de/9$ to f9d its p]fection 9 ,god4 ,love to self becomes ,temp]ance1 t is1 ! _s ( purify+ discipl9e4 ,?us1 a m>k ( ,*ri/ian "* is ! passion = hol9ess3 i4e4 ! desire to comb9e inw>d purity ( ?\ght1 desire1 & motive1 ) ! ext]nal fulfilm5t ( duty4 ,?is process ( self-purification is bo? m5tal & moral4 ,x includes ! culture ( imag9ation n less ?an ! control ( appetite2 'sobriety' n less 9 judgm5t & reflection ?an 9 ! indulg5ce ( desire2 humility 9 self-e/imate1 n less ?an re/ra9t ( passion#eeb4 ,! dom9ant feature ( ,*ri/ian "* 9 ?is connection is a peculi> self-sev]ity1 a deep s5se ( ! ideal z some?+ n yet atta9$1 a /rict fidelity to kn[n tru? & ! claim ( moral law1 s5sitiv5ess to moral evil1 & wat*fulness aga9/ ev5 its di/ant approa*2 9 a ^w1 discipl9$ rule 9 ! affections1 intellect1 & w4 ,= z ! ,hell5i/ sage says ( ,wisdom1 ',! v true beg9n+ ( ,h] is ! desire ( discipl9e1 & ! beg9n+ ( discipl9e is love#eec4' ,temp]ance includes t rev]5t c>e ( ! body :i* receives s high a sanction 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t2 inde$1 respect = ! sanctity ( ! body may be view$ z rev]5ce = ! pres5ce ( ,god ,himself1 & = ! place ( ,8 abode#eed4 ,,iv4 ,f9ally1 9 relation to ! h9drances :i* ,virtue enc\nt]s--! /ress ( circum/ance1 ! pressure ( mis=tune1 p]secution1 loss1 temptation1 & ! l--,love displays itself z ,=titude1 & f9ds bo? a passive & active sph]e ( ex]cise4 ,z a passive virtue =titude is ! '_w-resi/+' elem5t 9 "*4 ,! ho/ility ( ! _w to virtue is only "o =m ( its ho/ility to ,god#eee4 ,=titude is ?us ess5tially ! same 9 all /ages ( social developm5t4 ,:5 ! _w-pr9ciple 0 embodi$ 9 a concrete =m1 & became 9 ! imp]ial p[] ( ,borne a def9ite =ce ho/ile to ! ,*ur*#eef1 =titude display$ itself = ! mo/ "p z pati5ce "u p]secution 7,s4 ,augu/9e 9 8 treatm5t ( ?is virtue naturally contemplates x "u ?is aspect72 b ! precise =m ( influ5ce to be resi/$ w obvi\sly v>y f age to age1 :ile ! elem5t ( resi/ance 9 ,*ri/ian "* rema9s con/ant4 ,! "n ( '=titude1' h[ev]1 mu/ n be re/rict$ to passive endurance1 prom95t z ?is virtue is 9 ,*ri/'s tea*+4 ,=titude embraces sph]es ( action1 & w display itself on occasion z res5tm5t4 ,righte\s ang] has its s\rce 9 ! temp] exactly oppos$ to ,/oic apa?y respect+ s9--t 'loveless view' ( mank9d :i* said ',tr\ble n ?yself2 ?y neighb\r s9s1 b he s9s = himself#eeg4' ,!re c be no true love ( good )\t a j abhorr5ce ( evil4 ,h5ce x sometimes occurs t love takes ! =m ( indignation & holy zeal--:5 direct$1 = example1 aga9/ oppression1 cruelty1 +ratitude1 deceit1 selfi%ness4 ,su* res5tm5t is a natural & g5]\s emotion1 born ( sympa?y ) ,god ,himself4 ,comp>+ ) ! ,*ri/ian conception ( res5tm5t ,ari/otle's discussion ( ang]1 we f9d t ,*ri/ian tea*]s lay /ress on ! social end ( res5tm5t4 ,:at ! good ,*ri/ian res5ts is n a p]sonal hurt1 b injury & wrong-do+ view$ z injuri\s to 8 neighb\r or ! community2 su* res5tm5t is di/+ui%$ by purity ( motive2 9 c]ta9 circum/ances x is n unwill+ to inflict pa94 ,moral c\rage1 aga91 is ! =m :i* =titude assumes "u o!r circum/ances1 too num]\s to be specifi$4 ,g5]ally x is display$ on occasions :5 ! ,*ri/ian is be>+ witness to ! cause ( tru? or righte\sness be=e m54 ,no ,*ri/ian c rid himself ( 8 %>e 9 ! function ( witness1 committ$ to ,8 foll[]s by ,*ri/4 ,& =titude1 or manl9ess1 is ! virtue ( a witness--( ! solit>y *ampion ( a good cause confront+ opposition 9 any ( its =ms4 ,! "n 'a?lete1' :i* we f9d appli$ to m>tyrs 9 e>ly times1 may rem9d u t ! task :i* beyond o!rs mu/ ne$s te/ a man's p[] to endure1 & to /& alone1 is t ( witness+ /$fa/ly = righte\sness & tru?4 ,yet ! call to be> witness comes 9 ways unexpect$1 & difficult to def9e or classify3 x may1 = example1 be a man's difficult duty to )/& n oppon5ts1 b adh]5ts & fri5ds2 to hold 8 own n aga9/ '! sne]s & opposition ( ! bad1 b ! op9ion & au?ority ( ! good#eeh4' ,) ?is pass+ rem>k we quit ! subject4 ,9 ! above sket* ( ,*ri/ian "* we h conf9$ ourselves to "s sali5t features4 ,we h said no?+ ( ! graci\s union x pres5ts ( delicacy ) /r5g?1 ( communicativ5ess ) res]ve1 ( en]gy ) re/fulness1 ( passion ) t5d]ness4 ,x is difficult to del9eate "* )\t giv+ a look ( =mality to :at is ess5tially a my/]i\s1 albeit well-m>k$1 product4 ,9 ,*ri/ian goodness we see ! h&iwork ( ! ,_s ( ,god1 & :]e ,he is1 !re is lib]ty4 ,x is inde$ object$ t ?is type ( "* is too r>e1 too exalt$ = ! majority ( mank9d4 ,x is said t a /&>d ( p]fection is set be=e !m :i* x is hopeless to ?9k ( atta9+2 t m5 are di%e>t5$2 t ,*ri/ian tea*]s 'ask = ! impossible1' & und]m9e belief 9 ! possibility ( virtue4 ,x is fur!r sugge/$ t ! r>ity ( ! type proves t ! sa9t 'is born1 n made2' & t radical *ange ( "* & disposition is impossible#eei4 ,! la/ po9t may be notic$ 9 ano!r connection4 ,at pres5t we may sugge/1 9 reply to ^! reflections1 "o consid]ation4 ,! objector =gets t ,*ri/ianity does n m]ely pres5t a moral /&>d to m52 x provides !m ) an entire sy/em ( moral education4 ,! ,*ur* recognises diff]5t degrees ( maturity & atta9m5t 9 h] *ildr54 ,x is no "p ( h] me?od1 ?\gh possibly an accid5t ( a p>ticul> age or set ( conditions1 t %e sets /rong meat be=e babes1 & appeals to *ildr5 z if !y 7 gr[n m54 ,t v 'individual treatm5t' ( *>act]s on :i* ! writ] ( ! ,s]vice ( ,man insi/s1 is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! ,*ri/ian sy/em#efj4 ,,iv4 ,*ri/ ! ,s\rce ( ! ,recreation ( ,"*4 ,! subject :i* we n[ approa* is1 tak5 z a :ole1 peculi> to ,*ri/ian ,e?ics4 ,= x w be admitt$ t ,*ri/ianity alone (f]s a solution ( ! practical problem1 h[ is ! ideal ( virtue to be translat$ into life & practice8 ',x is ! ess5tial weakness1' says a liv+ writ]1 '( all m]e sy/ems ( morality1 & ( mo/1 if n all1 o!r religions1 t !y conf9e !mselves to po9t+ out :at ! facts ( life ought to be1 & make no provision :atev] = deal+ ) facts z !y are4444 ,x is _! ma9 defect1 n t !y conflict ) ,*ri/ianity1 b t !y fail to t\* ! problem ) :i* x mo/ directly deals#efa4' ,( c\rse1 9 advanc+ ?is claim = ,*ri/ianity1 we imply t x is some?+ va/ly great] ?an a sy/em ( morals4 ,x is a ,div9e way ( salvation1 t is1 ( deliv]ance f s91 z well z f its effects2 ! process by :i* ! ideal becomes actual 9 life & "* is also1 z we h se51 a process ( re/oration4 ,*ri/ianity1 9 fact1 pr(esses to be a ,div9ely-provid$ rem$y = disord] & disease2 /rictly speak+1 !re=e1 a treatise on e?ics mu/ inve/igate ! pa?ology ( s91 reg>d$ z ! violation ( moral ord]1 & ! fatal misdirection ( desire4 ,?is aspect ( ! ,gospel has be5 too mu* disreg>d$1 ev5 by ,*ri/ian ?9k]s#efb4 ,x foll[s1 h[ev]1 f ! ,scriptural acc\nt ( man t he has lo/ some?+ :i* c only be sup]naturally re/or$3 & x is ! practical task ( e?ics to po9t out ! means ( r5ewal1 :i* ,div9e ,wisdom has provid$4 ,! my/]i\s facts :i* lie at ! root ( ! recreative process mu/ be briefly notic$4 ,*ri/ian hol9ess is ! reproduction 9 ! individual ( ! life ( ! ,inc>nate ,son ( ,god4 ,t ?is might be possible1 !re took place t s]ies ( ev5ts :i* ,s4 ,john describes z ! glorification ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! life1 p]fectly well-pleas+ to ,god1 & !re=e ! supreme /&>d ( hol9ess1 passes ?r\gh ! /age ( dea?4 ,! ,sacrifice on ,calv>y removes ! b>ri] rais$ betwe5 ! ,creator & ,8 creatures by s94 ,! ,resurrection is1 on ! "o h&1 ! seal ( ,god's acceptance /amp$ ^u ,8 ,son's aton+ "w2 on ! o!r1 m>ks ! f9al /age 9 t process by :i* ,*ri/'s human nature is 'p]fect$#efc4' ,= by ! ,resurrection t ,nature is spiritualiz$1 is releas$ f e>?ly limitations1 & becomes available z a recreative =ce4 ,! ,asc5sion is ! condition ( ,*ri/'s manife/ation z 'a quick5+ ,_s1' z ! 'p[] ( ,god4' ,by sacram5tal *annels ,he communicates to our entire nature ,8 life-giv+ humanity1 z ! means ( our recreation aft] ! image ( ,god4 ,?us ! life ( ! ,inc>nate is ext5d$ 9 ! life ( ! r$eem$1 & by a natural & ord]ly gr[?1 ! "* ( ,*ri/ is reproduc$ 9 ,8 memb]s ?r\gh ! cont9u\s op]ation ( ! ,_s1 ^: (fice x is to 'take ( ! ?+s ( ,*ri/ & %ew !m unto' m54 ,he :o is outw>dly our example ?us becomes an inw>d pr9ciple ( life4 ,we n[ are 9 a position to e/imate ! ext5t to :i* ,*ri/ian morality dep5ds on dogmatic tru?s4 ,ap>t f ,jesus ,*ri/ !re c be no true life4 ,! secret ( hol9ess lies 9 a p]man5t relation to a liv+ ,*ri/4 ,he1 by ,8 life & dea?1 'became unto u ,wisdom1 ,righte\sness1 ,sanctification1 ,r$emption#efd4' ,! example 0 n upheld 9 va92 = ,*ri/ plac$ )9 our rea* ! spiritual =ces by :i* alone ! patt]n c be reproduc$ 9 human life4 ',sanctification' means ! progressive appropriation by man ( ! life ( ! ,son ( ,god2 ! =mation 9 him1 by successive /ages1 ( ! v image ( ,*ri/4 ,! objective aspect ( ,sanctification is cle>ly pres5t$ 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t2 hol9ess !re implies consecration1 & is ?\ght ( *iefly z an objective "w ( ,god4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! idea ( hol9ess passes f ! sph]e ( wor%ip to t ( morality4 ,b ! ,old ,te/am5t conception is n lo/2 x is exp&$4 ,hol9ess1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian view1 results n f ! ef=ts ( man1 b f ! outfl[ & op]ation ( a ,div9e ,life4 ,hol9ess is spok5 ( z '! righte\sness ( ,god1' z a 'free gift' imp>t$ to man2 & 9 ! fir/ in/ance requires receptivity r ?an activity on ! "p ( ! human s\l4 ,! e?ical significance ( baptism is ?us intelligible4 ,by baptism ! individual is br\ght into vital contact ) ! ,s\rce ( ! new life1 & ent]s ! sph]e )9 :i* radiate ! spiritual =ces t fl[ f ! glorifi$ humanity ( ,*ri/2 ! g]m ( a new p]sonality is imp>t$2 ! k+dom ( ,god is ent]$4 ,b 9 ?is new bir? ! "w is only begun2 = ! ',grace ( ,god t br+e? salvation' has an abid+ home among m54 ,x is mislead+ to speak ( ,grace z 'an unkn[n factor4' ,/ill m s to ass]t t ',!ology has always be5 celebrat+ ! p[] ( ,grace to ! depreciation ( ,e?ics#efe4' ,grace has its fix$ *annels & me?ods1 its ord]ly movem5t & outfl[1 its c]ta9 conditions1 its appo9t$ places & seasons1 its def9ite1 ?\gh my/]i\s1 laws ( op]ation#eff4 ,grace is1 s to speak1 /or$ & disp5s$ )9 ! m$iatorial k+dom :i* ,*ri/ f\nd$ 9 ,8 ,*ur*4 ,f an e?ical /&po9t ! ,*ur* ( ,god is be=e all else a s*ool ( "*#efg1 ! ,div9ely-appo9t$ sph]e 9 :i*1 normally1 ! recreation ( p]sonality proce$s1 9 :i* m5 are sanctifi$ by be+ kept 9 liv+ union & contact ) ,jesus ,*ri/ ,himself4 ,to enum]ate ! sev]al 'means ( grace' committ$ to ! /ew>d%ip ( ! ,*ur* is ! task ( !ology1 z also to expla9 ! conditions ( fruitfully us+ !m4 ,on "o po9t only x may be wor? :ile to make a few rem>ks4 ,to ,*ri/ianity1 z we h se51 ea* individual p]sonality is an end 9 itself4 ,ea* has a "r to moral education2 ea* 0 call$ into be+ t x might embody a p>ticul> ?\ght ( ,god1 t x might fulfil good works prep>$ specially = x1 & correspond ) its own sep>ate ideal#efh4 ,h5ce1 true to ! _s ( ,him :o 0 a ,physician ( ! sick1 ,*ri/ianity (f]s h] ,div9e rem$ies to ! wor/ & mo/ h>d5$ natures4 ,%e believes 9 h] p[] to r5ew & transfigure !m1 to a*ieve 9 !m a moral miracle4 ,nobl] natures1 aga91 %e endeav\rs to tra9 up to ! full /ature ( ,*ri/-l "*1 sanctify+1 consecrat+1 & elevat+ ! innate capacities ( ea*4 ,h] heal+ mission ext5ds to all m54 ,%e kn[s no?+ ( ! ari/ocratic temp] ( anci5t e?ics1 :i* w\ld conf9e ! v possibility ( a moral life to ! few4 ,%e rejoices 9 ! inf9ite v>iety ( typical =ms :i* "* may assume4 ,a ,*ri/ian poet has said-- ,!re is n on ! e>? a s\l s base ,b may obta9 a place1 ,9 cov5ant$ grace2 ,s t 8 feeble pray] ( fai? obta9s ,"s loos5+ ( 8 *a9s ,& e>ne/s ( ! great release1 :i* rise ,f gift to gift1 & rea* at l5g? ! et]nal prize4 ,all may save self2--b m9ds t heav5w>d t[] ,aim at a wid] p[]1 ,gifts on ! _w to %[]4 ,& ?is is n at once2 by fa/+s ga9$ ,& trials well su/a9$2 ,by pur5ess1 righte\s de$s1 & toils ( love1 ,abidance 9 ! tru?1 & zeal = ,god above#efi4 ,n[ ?is idea ( individual p]fection1 s *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/ianity1 is 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t n dissociat$ f ! idea ( a society1 family1 or h\sehold ( ,god1 9 :i* alone ! full developm5t ( ,*ri/ian "* c be a*iev$4 ,corporate life1 ) its network ( relation%ips1 its mutual s]vices1 its common wor%ip1 its visible pl$ges ( bro!rhood--?is is ,god's great in/rum5t 9 ! edification ( "*4 ,s f>1 inde$1 z ! body is divid$ or weak5$1 ! pressure x ex]ts on ! individual is h9d]$1 & ! free play ( its =ces dim9i%$#egj4 ,9 ! ,*ur*1 !n1 we h ! true s*ool ( "*1 ! true 'home ( individuality1' & sph]e ( spiritual edification4 ,! normal c\rse ( spiritual gr[? is "o ( widely v>i$ exp]i5ces3 x passes ?r\gh ! /age ( rep5tance ) its appropriate works2 x is s*ool$ by ! *a/5+ discipl9e ( common life#ega2 x is m>k$ by progressive p[] ( submission to ! lead+s ( grace4 ,?is w\ld sugge/ an int]e/+ l9e ( /udy1 & "o suitable = e?ical treatm5t1 b mu/ n n[ deta9 u4 ,x is advisable1 h[ev]1 9 ?is connection n to ov]look ! subject ( ,*ri/ian ascetics3 a ^w :i* has (t5 excit$ unju/ suspicion & contempt1 & !reby be5 robb$ ( ! noble associations :i* rightfully belong to x4 ,! "n 'ascetics' is suitably appli$ to ^? ,div9ely-sanction$ ex]cises :i*1 by precept & example1 ,*ri/ comm5d$ z aids to hol9ess--,pray]1 ,almsgiv+1 & ,fa/+4 ,reflection1 inde$1 %ews t ^! ord9ances occupy a conspicu\s place 9 ! ,gospel1 because !y h a natural connection ) ! ?ree pr9cipal sph]es ( ,*ri/ian duty1--duty t[>ds ,god1 t[>ds man1 t[>ds self4 ,!y are ways 9 :i* devotion to ,god1 love to man1 discipl9e ( self1 f9d ea* an appropriate expression4 ,reason & exp]i5ce alike sugge/ t ! ,*ri/ian "*1 ) its h>moni\s beauty & delicate /r5g?1 c only be ! product ( cont9u\s spiritual discipl9e1 wise re/ra9t1 & regulat$ ef=t4 ,a feature1 !re=e1 ( ,*ri/'s practical tea*+ is ,8 provision = :at is1 to av]age human nature1 at lea/ a moral necessity4 ,pres5t+ ,himself z ! supreme example ( ! fre$om :i* c control & use circum/ances = a spiritual end1 ,he lays d[n ! ?reefold rule ( ,*ri/ian ascetics1 to guide ! wills & affections ( ^? :om ,he calls to foll[ ,8 /eps4 ,! end ( discipl9e is1 ( c\rse1 fre$om3 t is1 ! p]fect dom9ion ( ! ,_s 9 man4 ,aim+ at ?is lib]ty ! ,*ri/ian looks on ! ?reefold ord9ance ( pray]1 almsgiv+1 & fa/+ z a help to 8 developm5t2 x is to him no m]e arbitr>y direction impos$ by au?ority1 no vexati\s re/ra9t on lawful pleasure2 b an efficaci\s aid to ,*ri/-l hol9ess comm5d$ by ! practice1 & prov$ by ! exp]i5ce1 ( holy m5 9 e age1 & expressly enjo9$ by our ,"l ,himself#egb4 ,x may surprise u some:at to f9d ,pray] includ$ among ascetic ex]cises4 ,= pray] is ! ord9>y activity ( ! human _s 9 relation to ,god3 man's natural expression ( self-d$ication3 8 ef=t to embrace ,god's ,w z 8 *oice1 ,god's ,law z 8 rule1 ,god's ,p]fection z 8 patt]n4 ,yet because pray] implies regul>ity1 discipl9e1 p]sev]+ ef=t2 because x has its diff]5t p>ts1 its prop] occasions1 & me?ods2 because x is ! ex]cise ( a di/9ct faculty2 9 %ort1 because x is an ardu\s "w1 x f9ds a place among ex]cises :i* seem at fir/ sight to be ( a m =mal "*4 ,?is w appe> m cle>ly on consid]ation ( ! diff]5t p>ts ( pray]4 ,?us pray] is 9 "p to be view$ z humble ackn[l$gm5t ( an ideal unatta9$1 & consequ5t r5ewal ( desire 9 t direction4 ,z conta9+1 !re=e1 an elem5t ( self-purification1 ( /riv+ aft] deep] self-k1 pray] includes ! practice ( self-exam9ation & confession ( s94 ,reg>d$1 aga91 z an ex]cise ( affection & intellect1 pray] takes ! =m ( contemplation1 & communion ) ,god1 z ! supreme object ( rev]5ce & love4 ,?us x is evid5t t pray] is a real ex]cise1 well fitt$ to be an education1 ( ! s\l1 & ardu\s because x implies an int5se activity ( ! entire p]sonality4 ,ev5 ! body has its %>e 9 ?is ex]cise4 ,x is ! appo9t$ in/rum5t ( man's spiritual self-oblation2 & pray] is ! ackn[l$gm5t n only t ,god is ! ',fa!r ( spirits1' b t ! body also 'is = ! ,"l#egc4' ,almsgiv+ is plac$ by ,*ri/ among kn[n & admitt$ =ms ( devotion4 ,view$ simply z an action1 x is an obvi\s outlet ( ,*ri/ian love to man#egd4 ,b almsgiv+ has ano!r aspect1 on :i* e>ly writ]s insi/ ) "s fullness4 ,x is a means ( grace1 a purify+ elem5t 9 ! spiritual life ( ! ag5t4 ,x is n (t51 p]haps1 t ?is side ( ! duty is adequately taught4 ,! dang] ( '*>ity' becom+ reckless or ill-direct$ is real1 & may cause ,*ri/ian tea*]s to be retic5t on ! subject4 ,yet ?is aspect ( ! tru? mu/ n be suppress$4 ,& aft] all1 almsgiv+ seems to be specially m5tion$ by our ,"l z a type ( all works ( m]cy#ege4 ,love1 9 its ef=t to imitate ,god1 ne$ n be less discrim9at+ ?an communicative4 ,! ,fa!rly provid5ce ( ,god is 9 fact ! ,*ri/ian's inspiration & 8 model3 & we int]pret ! scope ( our ,"l's comm&m5t by /udy ( ,8 life :o '= our sakes1 ?\gh ri*1 became poor1' & 'w5t ab\t do+ good1' & :o taught u 9 "o pregnant s5t5ce ! my/]i\s efficacy ( almsgiv+#egf4 ,x ne$ n be add$ t true ,*ri/ian *>ity is ev] controll$ by a due s5se ( ! dignity ( human nature1 & ( ! moral bond t unites giv] & receiv]4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree ex]cises "u consid]ation is condition$ & aid$ by ! o!r two4 ,!re is a specially close connection1 h[ev]1 betwe5 pray] & fa/+4 ,z a means ( self-discipl9e1 fa/+ has be5 /rangely neglect$4 ,"s reg>d x z a burd5some re/ra9t on ! w2 o!rs z 'unsuit$ to a spiritual religion2' o!rs z unduly int]f]+ ) ,*ri/ian lib]ty4 ,*iefly1 p]haps1 ! neglect ( fa/+ is due to inexp]i5ce ( its value z a condition ( spiritual p[]1 & =getfulness ( ! place assign$ to x 9 ! tea*+ ( our ,"l & ( ! e>ly ,*ur*4 ,x is ?us "r to insi/1 fir/1 on its claim to be a ,div9e ord9ance#egg4 ,!re c be no?+ sup]flu\s or incongru\s 9 a practice :i* ,*ri/ is s c>eful to regulate1 & :i* ,he comm5ds by ,8 own example4 ,b ! practice ( fa/+ ju/ifies itself z a po9t ( simple wisdom 9 ! c>e ( ! p]sonal life4 ,*ri/ian hol9ess requires1 z we h se51 an inw>d unity ( ! p]sonality1 9 :i* no "o elem5t has undue pr$om9ance4 ,bodily in/9cts & passions1 ! p[]s ( ?\ght & imag9ation1 ! bias ( temp]am5t--all h to be br\ght into subjection to ! controll+ w4 ,& ! result is a "* exhibit+ a due balance ( diff]5t elem5ts3 a *a/5$ _s ( dep5d5ce1 spiritualiz$ affections1 subdu$ ?\ghts1 sob] judgm5t1 a purifi$ he>t1 a s5sitive consci5ce1 a j fe> ( unbridl$ appetite1 a true simplicity4 ,su* is ,*ri/-l hol9ess2 & "o great condition ( its atta9m5t is fa/+1 *iefly 9 its lit]al s5se ( regul> ab/95ce f food#egh1 ?\gh its =ms may be z v>i$ z are ! av5ues ( s5se-impressions4 ,! motive ( fa/+ may n be always ! same3 sometimes x is ! expression ( p5it5tial sorr[ = s91 or ( ! passion = inw>d purity2 sometimes x is us$ z a special aid to pray]2 sometimes1 aga91 x is ! sign ( we>isome conflict ) ! l[] nature2 9 any case x %\ld be an ex]cise ( love4 ,?us we reg>d fa/+1 n z m]e s\lless1 joyless ab/95ce2 b z a ne$ful condition ( purity1 en]gy1 vig\r ( w1 cle>ness ( moral insight1 & capacity to imp>t spiritual gifts to our fell[-m54 ',wise s\ls1' says ,s4 ,leo1 'mortify _! bodies & crucify _! s5ses2 & !re9 set be=e !mselves ,god's w1 lov+ !mselves ! m1 9 proportion z = ! love ( ,god !y love n !mselves#egi4' ,our apology = t\*+ on topics s homely might well be t ! practical aim ( e?ics gives su* po9ts importance4 ,!re c be no excuse ne$$1 h[ev]1 9 days ( wide-spread luxury1 & ( mu* ne$lessly imp]fect ,*ri/ianity1 = recall+ & re-ass]t+ ! necessity ( ! discipl9e1 z well z ( ! moral precepts1 ( ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,v4 ,*ri/'s tea*+ z to ! ,consummation ( ,god's ,k+dom4 ,an outl9e ( ,*ri/ian ,e?ics w\ld be incomplete )\t "s ref]5ce to ^? es*atological tru?s :i* occupy s l>ge a place 9 !ology1 & h s direct a be>+ on morals4 ,we h already t\*$ on !m 9 connection ) ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( ! ,*ief ,good4 ,x rema9s to consid] !m 9 relation to ! p]fection ( man's nature4 ,! ^w 'p]fection' rem9ds u t !re is a goal ( ! moral process exhibit$ 9 hi/ory4 ,! visible ord] ( ! univ]se & ! hi/ory ( mank9d are v]g+ t[>ds a consummation1 a cata/rophe1 :i* relatively to u mu/ be reg>d$ z an end4 ,x is no "p ( our task to discuss ! int]m$iate /age ?r\gh :i* ! k+dom ( ,god is de/9$ to pass3 t /age 9 :i* !re is to be a supreme manife/ation ( moral evil1 a culm9ation ( ^? t5d5cies & an outbur/ ( ^? =ces :i* already seem to ?reat5 n ! framework m]ely1 b ! f\ndations ( society4 ,! decay ( ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es1 ! pr(\nd corruption ( social life1 ! tyranny ( mat]iali/ic lawlessness--^! seem to be pla9ly =etold 9 ,scripture1 & ) a purpose3 t ( %ield+ m5 f a moral despair :i* might p>alyse _! ef=ts1 or und]m9e _! pati5ce1 z !y witness ! beg9n+s ( ^! 'bir?-pangs#ehj' ( a new ord]4 ,! ,*ri/ian w ev] gu>d aga9/ su* a temp] ( ali5ation1 or self-isolation1 f ! _w1 z w lead him to depreciate ! national1 political1 or civil movem5ts ( 8 "t4 ,= civilization is appo9t$ to rea*1 ?r\gh :atev] convulsions1 an e?ical consummation1 ! prospect ( :i* mu/ inspire /r5g? to lab\r1 & pati5ce to endure4 ,! la/ /age ( ! k+dom ( ,god is "o ( glory1 to be exhibit$ 9 ! p]fection ( ! moral community4 ,x is = ?is t creation waits3 to ?is1 z ! goal ( hi/ory1 t inspir$ prophecy po9ts4 ,two reveal$ tru?s are int5d$ to guide our conception ( ?is prospect4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! k+dom ( ,god is to be f9ally manife/$ 9 its true "*#eha3 an ev5t :i* mu/ involve mom5t\s consequ5ces = ! physical creation4 ,scripture sometimes speaks z if b5ea? ! out] semblance ( visible nature !re lay conceal$ an inn] glory1 de/9$1 :5 ! semblance passes1 to %9e =? 9 full radiance & spl5d\r#ehb4 ,! tru? is ?us symbolically convey$ t s9ce man is ! cr[n & "l ( ! physical univ]se1 8 f9al emancipation w c>ry ) x a correspond+ *ange 9 8 outw>d environm5t4 ,b ?is consummation1 no less ?an ! progressive movem5t ( mank9d t[>ds x1 is due to ! delib]ate work+ & int]v5tion 9 hi/ory ( ,god ,himself4 ,naturalism po9ts to a prec>i\s prospect ( human happ9ess 9 ! future1 z cont+5t ^u 'a p]fect adju/m5t ( society#ehc4' ,*ri/ianity does n look to any improvem5t 9 mat]ial conditions1 nor to any social process1 z likely to br+ ab\t an ideal /ate ( humanity4 ,nei!r ! physical univ]se1 nor man himself1 c atta9 to ! goal ( _! developm5t1 or to ! p]fection ( _! nature1 ap>t f ,god#ehd4 ,aga91 ! k+dom ( ,god is to be purifi$ ?r\gh judgm5t4 ,! exact nature ( ?is judgm5t x is impossible = ?\ght to anticipate4 ,b ! tea*+ ( revelation is at lea/ s explicit z to discr$it any conception ( ! judgm5t :i* w\ld conf9e its op]ation to ?is pres5t sc5e1 or re/rict its mean+ to any m]ely natural process4 ,! judgm5t is1 9 fact1 appo9t$ = a def9ite h\r1 & is prefigur$ 9 def9ite hi/orical cata/rophes4 ,x w be p>allel to1 b transc5d+1 ^? manife/ations ( ,div9e p[] 9 hi/ory :i* mank9d has already exp]i5c$4 ,& ! effect ( ?is f9al int]v5tion w be to put an end to t mix$ condition ( human ?+s :i* x is our t5d5cy to accept & assume z inevitable & p]petual4 ,out ( ,god's k+dom w be ga!r$ 'all ?+s t (f5d2' & ! collective mass ( humanity w be1 ) :atev] gradations 9 ! /age ( p]fection atta9$ by ea* individual1 a 'congregation ( sa9ts#ehe4' ,! pr9ciple ( ,good w s a*ieve its f9al triumph4 ,:5 we fur!r inquire1 z we are impell$ to d1 :at w be ! ext5t ( ?is f9al triumph1 we are met by ! fact ( our own ignorance1 & ( ,*ri/'s res]ve4 ,8 simple1 sev]e /atem5ts seem int5d$ to disc\rage fruitless speculation4 ,we are ?r[n back 9 ?is z 9 o!r p]plexities1 on our unfail+ assurance ( ,god's "*1 & on ! fa9t analogies furni%$ by ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s4 ,! ,gospel speaks ( a righte\s dom9ion1 ! sph]e ( :i* is to be )\t limit4 ,we read ( a ga!r+ into ! k+dom ( all t is 9 true h>mony ) its purpose4 ,we f9d w>rant = ! belief 9 an int]m$iate /ate 9 :i* imp]fect "* may be develop$1 ignorance enlight5$1 s9 *a/5$1 desire purifi$4 ,& yet we are assur$ t ! consequ5ces ( action & *oice abide1 & are et]nal 9 _! issue2 & we "k t imp5it5ce mu/ f9ally1 & "u awful conditions1 sep>ate ! s\l f ,god4 ,b we h n en\gh = a coh]5t sy/em4 ,all t we c affirm is t ! victory ( ,good seems to dem& ! pres]vation ( all t has n wilfully set itself 9 antagonism to ,div9e ,love1 ,hol9ess1 & ,p[]4 ,we _c ?9k t helpless ignorance1 or inevitable pov]ty ( "* w f9ally sev] a human s\l f ,god4 ,analogy sugge/s t !re w be scope 9 a future disp5sation = ! heal+ m9i/ries1 & inv5tive s]vice ( ,love4 ,s aga91 ,scripture does n expressly tea* t ! lo/ w = ev] be 9 a /ate ( defiance & rebellion4 ,ev5 9 ! awful /ate ( f9al sev]ance f ! ,div9e pres5ce !re is room = ass5t1 ord]1 acceptance ( p5alty2 & s f>1 evil1 9 ! s5se ( ! w antagoni/ic to ,god's righte\s ,law--may h ceas$ to exi/4 ,tru? w h prevail$2 & all ord]s ( intellig5t creatures w r5d] x homage4 ,! f9al issue w be se51 & ! ju/ice confess$1 ( all ^? 'ways' ( ,god :i* are 'unse>*able & pa/ f9d+ out4' ,9 a ^w1 !re w be a complete manife/ation ( supreme ,hol9ess & ,love3 ( ,him1 ^: 'm]cy is ov] all ,8 works1' & :o w cont9ue to /& 9 direct relation to e s\l t ,he has made1 reveal+ ,himself to ea* ei!r z lov+ ,fa!r or z righte\s ,judge#ehf4 ,x mu/ h[ev] be add$ t :at is call$ ',univ]salism' f9ds no support ei!r 9 ! solemn /atem5ts ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 or 9 ! analogy ( nature4 ,man's v p[] ( *oice implies ! possibility ( a s9ful /ate admitt+ nei!r ( rep5tance nor ( rem$y2 n ( rep5tance--= "*1 gr[+ by sep>ate acts ( *oice1 may become fix$ & h>d5$ 9 its p]si/5t refusal ( ! good2 n ( rem$y--=1 z ev5 ! ,greek morali/1 ) all 8 belief 9 ! m\ld+ p[] ( law1 confesses1 !re is a degree ( moral p]v]sion 'incurable'--t namely :i* ensues :5 s9 has f9ally de/roy$ ! faculties to :i* moral appeal is possible--desire1 fe>1 hope1 affection1 ! s5se ( %ame4 ,) ! end ( hi/ory corresponds t ( ! individual man4 ,! ultimate p]fection ( human "* is n only reg>d$ z possible 9 ,scripture--b is sugge/$ by analogy#ehg3 & ( ! conditions ( p]fect$ human nature1 we are enabl$ to =m "s idea p>tly by our k ( angelic be+s1 p>tly by a /udy ( our ,"l's ,humanity 9 its ris5 /ate#ehh4 i4 ,?us human p]sonality1 9 its p]fect$ =m1 implies a /ate ( h>mony4 ,z ea* elem5t 9 human nature w be pres]v$ 9 its appropriate condition1 s ea* w fulfil its rightful function#ehi4 ,! relation betwe5 body & _s w be t :i* is e?ically ! highe/ conceivable4 ,9 man w be repres5t$1 z 9 a microcosm1 a /ate ( be+ 9 :i* ! fir/ creation has be5 appropriat$ by1 & made ! organ ( ! ,div9e ,_s#eij4 ,! mat]ial body w become "o p]fectly subs]vi5t to1 & expressive (1 ! free movem5ts ( a purifi$ _s#eia4 ,& to ?is /ate ( p]sonality w belong a f9al h>mony betwe5 moral law & fre$om4 ,human be+s w h become 'p>tak]s ( ! ,div9e ,nature1' s f> z to exp]i5ce 9 !mselves ! union ( lib]ty1 hol9ess1 & love3 ,indulg+ e in/9ct ( ! s\l ,!re :]e law1 life1 joy1 impulse1 are "o ?+#eib4 ii4 ,p]fection fur!r implies a /ate ( glory2 a ^w :i*1 :e!r us$ ( ,*ri/ ,himself or ( ,8 foll[]s1 seems 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t to mean ! outw>d manife/ation ( a holy "*4 ,! gradual assimilation to ,god1 :i* is ! law ( true human developm5t on e>?1 is ! law ( an un5d+ progress4 ,b 9 ! p]fect /ate1 "* w f9d due spl5d\r ( outw>d expression4 ,man's bodily frame w pass ?r\gh successive /ages 'f glory to glory1' to a semblance fai?fully reflect+ ! inw>d sup]natural life#eic4 ,& 9 ! m>vell\s union ( outw>d ) inw>d recreation consi/s ! 'glory1' ( :i* human nature is capable4 iii4 ,p]fection is consummat$ by bless$ness4 ,! conception ( bliss z transc5d+ happ9ess 77 is peculi> to ,*ri/ian ,e?ics4 ,happ9ess is a ^w ( e>?1 & repres5ts a good :i* may be atta9$ indep5d5tly ( life 9 ,god4 ,bliss is insep>able f a liv+ relation to ,god4 ,x implies union ) ,god4 ,b ?\gh x is true t 'man possesses ! pl5itude ( 8 p]fection 9 ,god1' ! analogy ( ! pres5t disp5sation po9ts to a fur!r elem5t 9 'bless$ness1' namely1 t ( fell[%ip 9 a moral community3 ! r$eem$ 'h fell[%ip "o ) ano!r1' 9 an 'indissoluble life#eid4' ,9 fact ! p]fection ( ! individual1 accord+ to ,god's sep>ate ideal = ea*1 dem&s t ( ! moral community4 ,bless$ness ?us means t /ate :]e91 by a society ( r5ew$ p]sonal be+s1 '! ,highe/ ,good is lov$ & enjoy$#eie4' ,?is community ( free & p]fect$ be+s1 ) ,god z its ,c5tre1 is ! reveal$ e?ical consummation ( our race4 ,& z ! manife/ation ( ,god's k+dom is to ,*ri/ians ! supreme object ( aspiration1 & ! highe/ matt] ( pray]1 s ! ef=t to advance & ext5d its sph]e is ! wor?ie/ task t c be embrac$ by ! w4 ,! conception ( su* a k+dom1 to be made actual ?r\gh ! ex]tion ( human faculties co-op]at+ ) ! inv9cible en]gy ( ! ,div9e w1 is ! greate/ ?\ght t ev] enri*$ mank9d4 ,9 ! attempt to fur!r ! limits1 or promote ! welf>e ( ?is k+dom1 man f9ds 8 true/ happ9ess1 & 8 noble/ field ( activity4 ,= he is engag$ 9 ! same "w z ,god ,himself#eif3 he has ! same int]e/ 9 its accompli%m5t4 ,he has f\nd ! absolutely good sph]e ( ef=t & desire2 all else 9 :i* m5 busy !mselves c only be e?ically good 9 proportion z x be>s on1 or ha/5s ! approa* (1 t '"o f> (f ,div9e ev5t4' ,,vi4 ,conclusion4 ,x is our ,"l's me?od to pres5t to m5 an ideal1 be=e ,he desc5ds to ! requirem5ts ( practical life4 ,! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt describes ! life ( 'bless$ness' be=e x treats ( duty2 & f duty1 passes to ! means ( hol9ess4 ,su* an example sugge/s "o or two conclud+ reflections4 ,fir/ we may recall ! true be>+ ( a me?odical inquiry into ,*ri/ian ,e?ics4 ,! k+dom ( ,god /&s 9 contra/ )1 b 9 special relation to1 all modes & products ( social activity4 ,x makes use ( all ! mat]ial :i* human life (f]s1 or human faculties supply1 s f> z x is capable ( s]v+ a ,div9e purpose1 or reveal+ any aspect ( ! ,div9e ,life4 ,= t ,life hav+ once = all int]v5$ 9 hi/ory1 cont9ues ev] to appropriate & hall[ all t comes )9 ! wide range ( ,its outfl[2 ,education1 ,criticism1 ,sci5ce1 ,art2 ,indu/ry1 ,weal?2 ,law1 ,polity--all ^! are capable ( becom+ e?ical =ces1 ( m9i/]+ to man's true end1 ( contribut+ some?+ to ! highe/ life4 ,into ! ,holy ,city ! k+s ( ! e>? br+ _! glory & hon\r3 & to a ,*ri/ian ,*ur* are address$ ! f>-rea*+ words1 ',all ?+s are y\rs#eig4' ,!re is 9 fact a '_w-appropriat+' elem5t 9 ,*ri/ianity1 z ! e?ical religion2 & x is ess5tial t ! significance ( ?is fact %\ld be grasp$1 if ,*ri/ian morality is to be rightly appreh5d$1 or fairly pres5t$ 9 sy/ematic =m4 ,fur!r1 9 advanc+ a claim to m\ld & reg5]ate human society1 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* c only cont9ue to rely on h] traditional in/rum5t1--! recreation ( individual "*4 ,! social movem5ts :i* an enlight5$ ,*ri/ian judgm5t approves1 are ^? gradual & irresi/ible *anges :i* result f ! sl[ly-rea*$ appreh5sion ( "s neglect$ moral tru?1 z x gradually comm5ds itself to individual consci5ces4 ,& su* movem5ts are to be judg$ z !y display1 or be> ^u "*4 ,if = example a ,*ri/ian mi/ru/s ! extravagant s*emes ( "s =ms ( ,socialism1--x is n because he is ins5sible to ! wrongs & mis]ies :i* sugge/ a viol5t rem$y1 b because all su* sweep+ proposals w\ld m]ge ! individual life1 w\ld repress & m> ! fulness ( t organiz$ social life :i* ga9s elem5ts ( ri*ness & div]sity f ! free play ( individuality4 ,! /udy ( ideals w also h sugge/$ ! relation :i* ! ,*ur* be>s to mod]n life4 ,! ,*ur*1 we h se51 is ! s*ool ( human "*2 ! nurse1 !re=e1 ( su* civil & social virtues z give /ability to human in/itutions4 ,9 h] mid/1 ,div9e =ces are really & manife/ly at "w1 t5d+ to br+ ab\t ! reg5]ation ( mank9d4 ,& 9 connection ) ?is view ( ! ,*ur*1 we ne$ to obs]ve ! p[] ( "*2 ! practical 'supremacy ( goodness1' or at lea/ its t5d5cy to be supreme2 its capacity to control & modify ! pressure ( circum/ance4 ,a condition ( all true ?9k+ ab\t ! social future w surely be a j e/imate ( "* z a social & indu/rial =ce2 x is a gr[+ s5se ( ?is tru? t is do+ mu* to revolutionize our economic !ories4 ,we are le>n+ p]haps t manfulness1 m]cy1 self-control1 pity are among ! =ces :i* mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt by social sci5ce4 ,& if ! ,*ur* is a gift ( ,god to mank9d1 & !re be b "o end ( all ,8 gifts1 namely1 ! re/oration ( ,8 image 9 man1 we mu/ believe t ! faire/ fruits ( ,*ri/ianity1 & ! _m-sid$ fulness ( ,*ri/like "*1 c appe> only 9 ^? :o live loyal to ! moral discipl9e ( ! ,*ur*1 :o are rul$ by h] wisdom1 *a/5$ by awe ( h] beauty1 p5etrat$ by h] _s4 ,! k+dom ( ,god is m--inf9itely m--?an an ideal condition ( human society2 b we "k t ! k+dom1 ev5 9 ?is limit$ s5se ( ! ^w1 w be ! h]itage only ( a nation 'br++ =? ! fruits !re(4' #def #a ,s4 ,pet4 i4 #ba 4 #deg ,heb4 i4 #a4 #deh ,see ,dorn]1 ,sy/4 ( ,*ri/ian ,e?ics1 #ce4 #dei ,eph4 i4 #d4 #dfj ,cp4 ,plato1 ,tim4 xxix4 ,e4 #dfa ,a?an4 de ,inc>n4 x4 #dfb ,clem4 ,alex4 ,quis ,dives1 etc4 vii4 1 1 444 1 1 1 4 #dfc ,aug4 de moribus ,eccl4 xii4 #dfd ,a?an4 cont4 ,g5tes1 iii4 describes ! av]sion ( man f ,god z beg9n+ 9 'self-contemplation' 7 74 #dfe ,a?4 c4 ,g5t4 ii4 #dff ,wace1 ,boyle ,lectures1 s]4 #a1 ,lect4 vii4 ,cp4 ,col4 i4 #bh4 #dfg #b ,cor4 v4 #d1 #e 4 #dfh ,lactant4 ,div4 ,in/4 iii4 #ab1 ',haec vita praes5s et corporalis beata esse non pote/1 quia malis e/ subjecta p] corpus4444 ,si cadit beatitudo1 ergo et immortalitas cadit 9 hom9em1 quae beata e/4' #dfi ,eph4 v4 #a4 ,ep4 ad ,diog4 x4 #dgj ,bp4 ,butl]'s s]mons emphasize ?is side ( ! doctr9e ( consci5ce1 esp4 ! ,preface4 ,cp4 ,fl9t1 ,!ism1 lect4 vii4 #dga ,see ,phil4 i4 #i1 & ,heb4 v4 #ad 7! ,greek74 #dgb ,rom4 i4 #ba4 ,a?an4 cont4 ,g5tes1 iii-xi4 #dgc ,wace1 ,boyle ,lect41 s]4 #a1 ,lect4 ,,ii4 #dgd ,anselm1 ,cur ,deus ,homo1 ,i4 xii4 ',lib]tas non e/ nisi ad hoc quod exp$it aut quod decet4' #dge ,see ,m>t9eau1 ,types ( ,e?4 ,!ory1 vol4 i4 #ic2 ii4 #ci ,ed4 #b4 ,holl&1 ,cre$ & ,"*1 ,s]m4 ,x4 #dgf ,aug4 de mor4 ,eccl4 xxi4 ',deo solo dom9ante lib]rimus4' ,obs]ve t z fre$om gr[s1 ! *oice becomes m re/rict$ by ! law 1 7#a ,cor4 x4 #bc74 ,cp4 ,pet4 ,lomb4 ,s5t4 ii4 xxv4 #g4 #dgg ,cyp4 de op4 et eleem4 i4 ',pat] ,filium misit ut rep>>e nos posset4' ,su* language is usual ) ! ,fa!rs4 #dgh ,! :ole subject ( s91 guilt1 puni%m5t is g]mane to our subject1 b = pres5t purposes mu/ be left on "o side4 #dgi ,ir54 iii4 #ah4 #g ,/i]5 1 1 4 #dhj ,heb4 iii4 #a4 ,cyp4 de idol4 van4 xi4 ',quod homo e/1 esse ,*ri/us voluit1 ut et homo possit esse quod ,*ri/us e/4' #dha ,b]n1 de consid4 v4 #a1 ',quid quod et inf]ioribus eges8444 ,nonne praepo/]um hoc et indignum8 ,plane sup]iorum qua$am injuria e/ inf]iorum op]am desid]>e3 a qua injuria nemo hom9um p]fecte v9dicabitur nisi cum quisque evas]it 9 lib]tatem filiorum ,dei4' #dhb ,s4 ,matt4 vi4 #cc4 #dhc ,s4 ,luke xvii4 #ba2 ,s4 ,matt4 xiii4 #de foll4 7,p>able ( ! ,pe>l74 ,cp4 ,rom4 xiv4 #ag 444 444 4 #dhd ,wace1 ubi sup4 ,lect4 ,,viii4 ,ambr4 de (f4 m94 ii4 #c1 #d4 #dhe ,aug4 de mor4 ,eccl4 xiii4 ',bonorum summa ,deus nobis e/2 ,deus e/ nobis summum bonum4' ,ib4 xviii4 ',secutio ,dei1 beatitatis appetitus e/2 consecutio1 ipsa beatitas4' #dhf ,?om4 ,aqu94 ,summa1 i4 ii4 ,qu4 i4 #b1 ',illa quae rationem hab5t seipsa mov5t ad f9em1 quia hab5t dom9ium suorum actuum p] lib]um arbitrium4444 ,illa v]o quae ratione c>5t t5dunt 9 f9em propt] naturalem incl9ationem quasi ab alio mota1 non autem a seipsis1 cum non cognoscant rationem f9is2 et ideo nihil 9 f9em ord9>e possunt1 s$ solum 9 f9em ab alio ord9antur4' #dhg ,see ,godet1 ,comm4 on #a ,cor9?ians ,cl>k1 vol4 i4 p4 #bcf4 #dhh ,s4 ,matt4 xix4 #bh2 ,s4 ,luke xxii4 #cj4 #dhi ,s4 ,john iii4 #af4 #dij ,s4 ,john iii4 #cc4 ,see ,dorn]'s ,sy/em ( ,e?ics ,cl>k1 #dg4 #dia #b ,cor4 iv4 #h2 vi4 #aj4 ,cp4 ,rom4 viii4 #bh4 #dib ,s4 ,matt4 v4 #dh4 ,butl]1 ,s]m4 #c ',y\r obligation to obey ?is ,law is its be+ ! ,law ( y\r nature4444 ,! correspond5ce ( actions to ! nature ( ! ag5t r5d]s !m natural4' #dic ,cp4 ,bp4 ,ellicott1 ,! ,be+ ( ,god1 p4 #abj4 #did ,rom4 ii4 #ah 7 7 implies t :5 a man kn[s ,god's w1 he kn[s 8 duty4 #die ,s4 ,john ix4 #d2 iv4 #cd4 ,cp4 vi4 #dj2 ,s4 ,luke iv4 #dc4 ,see also ,rom4 xii4 #b2 ,eph4 v4 #ag1 etc4 #dif ,! case ( ! "y man 7,s4 ,matt4 xix4 #ba7 %ews h[ obligation is ext5d$ by contact ) ,*ri/1 i4e4 by clos] relation to ,god4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple is t ea* is b\nd to foll[ ! law ( 8 p]sonal p]fection z x unveils itself to him4 ,see ,b5gel 9 loc4 & cp4 ,s4 ,luke xvii4 #aj4 #dig ,wace1 ,lect4 ,,ii4 #dih ,s4 ,matt4 xvi4 #be1 #bf4 ,! discussion ( ',*ri/ian consolations1' by ,mr4 ,cott] ,morison1 ,s]vice ( ,man1 ov]looks ! fact t ,*ri/'s object 0 n to 'console' m51 b to set be=e !m ! tru?1 & ! law ( _! own p]fection4 ,! 'consolations' ( ,*ri/ianity c be won only if !y are nev] made ! object ( life4 ,!y are a rew>d1 b nev]1 9 ! high] =ms ( ,*ri/ian consci\sness1 an aim4 ,see ,*ur* ,qu>t4 ,rev41 ,jan4 #ahhh1 p4 #bfh4 #dii ,witness ! discussions on fe> commonly f\nd 9 m$iaeval !ology4 ,bruce1 ,p>abolic tea*+ ( ,*ri/1 p4 #cei foll41 has "s good rem>ks on ?is po9t4 ',! p>abolic =m ( in/ruction does n af=d scope = ! play ( ! highe/ class ( motives4 ,x is ess5tially popul> wisdom1 & x is ! way ( t :i* aims at tea*+ ! million1 to make action spr+ f homely motives4' #ejj ,butl]1 ,analogy1 i4 #e4 #eja ,see ,h4 ,s4 ,holl&1 ,cre$ & ,"*1 ,s]m4 ,,xviii4 ,cp4 ,s4 ,matt4 xxv4 #ba1 ,heb4 xii4 #b4 ,?om4 ,aqu94 ,summa1 ii4 ii1 xxviii4 #ejb ,sidgwick1 ,outl9es ( ! ,hi/4 ( ,e?ics1 *ap4 #c4 #ejc ,ir54 iv4 #af1 #c ,/i]54 ,god appe>s 9 ! decalogue 'prae/ru5s hom9em 9 suam amicitiam 444 et ideo v]ba similit] p]man5t apud nos1 ext5sionem et augm5tum s$ non dissolutionem accipi5tia p] c>nalem ,eius adv5tum4' ,?om4 ,aqu94 ,summa1 i4 ii4 ,qu4 c4 ,art4 #c1 ',omnia praecepta moralia legis sunt qua$am p>tes praeceptorum decalogi4' #ejd ,rom4 vii4 #ad4 #eje ,s4 ,matt4 xxii4 #cg4 ,cp4 ,aug4 de mor4 ,eccl4 xviii-xx2 de doc4 ,*ri/4 i4 #bi4 #ejf ,aug4 l4c4 ',maxime ,ei prop9quat homo subjectione i/a qua similis fit4' #ejg ,?om4 ,aqu94 ,summa1 i4 ii4 c4 #e1 ',pr9cipi communitatis tria debet homo1 fidelitatem1 rev]5tiam1 famulatum4' ,cp4 ,butl]1 ,analogy1 pt4 ii4 #a4 #ejh ,aug4 de disc4 ,*ri/4 iii4 ',proximus e/ omni hom9i omnis homo1' etc4 #eji ,r4 ,w4 ,dale1 ,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts1 p4 #bda4 ,cp4 ,?om4 ,aqu94 ,summa1 i4 ii4 c4 #f2 ,m>t9eau1 ,types1 etc41 ii4 #bf4 #eaj ,summa1 i4 ii4 c4 #e1 ',dilectio sui ipsius includitur 9 dilectione ,dei et proximi2 9 hoc enim homo v]e se diligit quod se ord9at 9 ,deum4' ,ib4 ii4 ii4 xix4 #f1 ',homo se propt] ,deum1 et 9 ,deo diligit4' ,aug4 ,s]m41 ccxvi4 #h1 ',amate quod eritis3 eritis enim filii ,dei4' ,pascal1 ,p5ses1 ,art4 xviii4 #ae1 ',que l'homme s'aime1 c> il a en lui une nature capable de bi54' ,cp4 ,butl]1 ,s]m4 i4 etc4 #eaa ,sidgwick1 ,outl9es etc41 p4 #ajh4 ,cp4 ,dorn]1 ,sy/em1 etc41 p4 #dei ,cl>k4 #eab ,aug4 de ,civ4 ,dei1 xiv4 #bh4 #eac ,see ,ex4 xxi4 #cc foll42 ,deut4 xxii4 #i foll42 ,levit4 xix4 etc4 ,summa1 i4 ii4 i4 #b1 ',tota irrationalis natura comp>atur ad ,deum sicut in/rum5tum ad ag5s pr9cipale4' #ead ,consid] ,g54 ix4 #aj4 ,cp4 ,g54 viii4 #a2 ,prov4 xii4 #aj1 etc4 #eae ,m>t5s51 ,special ,e?ics 7,indiv471 p4 #bgh ,cl>k4 #eaf ,see ,tr5*1 ,m$iaeval ,*ur* ,hi/ory1 ,lect4 ,,xxvii4 ,cp4 ,plato1 ,phileb4 #fd ,e foll4 #eag ,ecce ,homo1 c4 x4 ,cp4 ,s4 ,john xxi4 #be4 #eah ,x is significant t ,mr4 ,cott] ,morison 9 8 ,s]vice ( ,man discusses p]sonal types ( ,*ri/ian sa9tl9ess4 #eai ,dorn]1 ,sy/em1 etc41 p4 #cgg4 #ebj ,see "s rem>ks on ?is t5d5cy 9 ,liddon1 ,bampton ,lectures1 viii2 & an ,art4 9 ! ,*ur* ,qu>t4 ,rev41 ,july1 #ahhc1 on ',our ,"l's ,human ,example4' ,= :at foll[s1 cp4 ,m>t5s51 ,e?ics 7,g5]al71 pp4 #bdb1 #bef4 #eba ,dean ,*ur*1 ,s]m4 on ,*ri/'s ,example ,gifts ( ,civilization1 ,s]m4 ,,iii4 #ebb ,r4 ,h4 ,hutton1 ,essay on ! ,inc>nation & ,pr9ciples ( ,evid5ce4 ,cp4 ! rem>kable def9ition ( ,lactantius1 ,div4 ,in/4 iii4 #i1 ',pietas nihil aliud e/ quam ,dei p>5tis agnitio4' ,ib4 #aj1 ',efficitur ut is agnoscat ,deum1 qui unde ortus sit1 quasi recordetur4' #ebc ,see ,tr5*1 ,syn4 ( ! ,n4,t4 #db 7on 74 ',9 ,8 ,human ,nature ,*ri/ mu/ be ! patt]n ( all humility1 ( all creaturely dep5d5ce4444 ,he ev]more1 z ,man1 took ! place :i* beseem$ ! creature 9 ! pres5ce ( its ,creator4' #ebd ,s4 ,john xvi4 #cb4 #ebe ,m>t5s51 ,e?ics 7,g5]al71 p4 #bee4 ,cp4 ,job v4 #bc4 #ebf ,*ri/'s e>?ly life & "w are describ$ summ>ily z 1 ,rom4 v4 #ai4 ,cp4 ,phil4 ii4 #h4 #ebg ,aug4 de ,pra$4 ,sanct4 xxx4 ',an 444 9 ,illo non lib]a voluntas erat1 ac non tanto magis erat1 quanto magis pecc>e non pot]at8' ,quot$ by ,liddon1 ,bampt4 ,lect4 ed4 #aa1 note c4 #ebh ,aug4 de mor4 ,eccl4 xxiii4 ',fit ergo p] c>itatem ut con=memur ,deo4' #ebi ,dorn]1 pp4 #ccf1 #chh4 ,cp4 ,ecce ,homo1 p4 #acf4 #ecj ,ari/4 ,e?4 vii4 #ad4 #h rem>ks t human nature is n simple 771 add+ 1 4 1 444 ,cp4 ,bk4 x4 cc4 #d4 #i1 & #g4 #h4 #eca ,summa1 i4 ii4 ,qu4 lxii4 ,art4 #a4 ,cp4 ,s4 ,matt4 xix4 #ag4 #ecb ,abp4 ,tr5*4 #ecc ,heb4 xi4 #f4 ,cp4 #a ,s4 ,john iv4 #af2 ,rom4 xiv4 #bc4 ,summa1 i4 ii4 ,qu4 lxii4 art4 #c4 ',quantum ad intellectum adduntur hom9i qua$am pr9cipia sup]naturalia1 quae div9o lum9e capiuntur2 et haec sunt cr$ibilia de quibus e/ fides4' ,ib4 art4 #d1 ',p] fidem appreh5dit intellectus ea quae sp]at et amat4 ,unde opportet quod ord9e g5]ationis fides praec$at spem et c>itatem4' #ecd ,s4 ,john iv4 #cd2 v4 #cf2 xvii4 #d4 ,cp4 ,h4 ,s4 ,holl&1 ,s]m4 on ',! ,en]gy ( ,unselfi%ness4' ,) reg>d to ! relation ( ,pleasure to action1 we may obs]ve t pleasure is insep>able f ! "r & effective ex]cise ( any faculty2 & !re=e accompanies virtu\s activity1 b c nev] be ! moral end ( action4 ,cp4 ,ari/4 ,e?4 vii4 #ab4 #c1 etc4 #ece ,see ,ecce ,homo1 c4 xiii4 #ecf ,aug4 de mor4 ,eccl4 xix4 ',id ipsum quo diligimus ,deum mori non pote/1 nisi dum non diligit ,deum3 cum mors ipsa sit non dilig]e ,deum4' ,cp4 ,cyp4 de ,unit4 xiv4 #ecg ,su* classification1 correspond+ to ?ree c>d9al virtues1 seems to be impli$ 9 ,s4 ,paul's words1 ,tit4 ii4 #ab 444 1 4 #ech ,j4 ,cott] ,morison1 ,! ,s]vice ( ,man1 p4 #aid ed4 #c4 ,see ,eph4 i4 #d2 ,col4 i4 #bb2 ,s4 ,luke i4 #ge4 #eci ,rom4 viii4 #h2 #a ,cor4 vii4 #cb2 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #a4 ,an in/ructive contra/ might be drawn betwe5 ! ,pagan & ,*ri/ian use ( ! ^w 4 #edj ,lacordaire1 a biographical sket*1 ,h4 ,s4 ,le>1 p4 #cd4 #eda ,wordswor?1 ,! ,excursion4 ,ep4 ad ,diog4 v4 1 4 ,?is _s does n exclude a true patriotism1 & o!r civil virtues4 ,m>t5s51 ,e?ics 7,social71 #hb4 #edb ,de mor4 ,eccl4 xxxvii & xxv4 ,cp4 ,b]n4 de ,consid4 v4 #a4 #edc ,see ! *ap4 ) ?is title 9 ,ecce ,homo4 #edd ,s4 ,matt4 v4 #dd foll4 ,leo1 ,s]m4 9 ,quad4 vii4 ',=ma conv]sationis fidelium ab exemplo v5it op]um div9orum et m]ito ,deus imitationem ,sui ab eis exigit1 quos ad imag9em et similitud9em suam fecit4' ,cp4 ,ir54 iv4 #ac4 #c4 #ede ,ecce ,homo1 c4 xxii4 ,cp4 ,butl]1 ,s]m4 ix4 etc4 #edf ,leo1 ,s]m4 9 ,quad41 passim1 esp4 v1 vi1 ix4 ,ecce ,homo1 c4 xxiii4 ,= :at foll[s1 see ,ari/4 ,e?4 v4 #aj4 ,cp4 ,eph4 iv4 #cb4 #edg ,mozley1 ,univ4 ,s]m4 ix4 ',anci5t philosophy nev] op5$ ! m9e ( happ9ess :i* lay 9 ?is pr9ciple4 ,x 0 a discov]y1 l t ( a new sci5tific pr9ciple1 :5 x 0 made2 & ,*ri/ianity made x4' #edh ,rom4 xiii4 #aj4 ,note ! foll[+ words ( ,s4 ,aug4 7de doct4 ,*ri/4 i4 #bi73 ',velle debemus1 ut omnes nobiscum diligant ,deum1 et totum quod vel eos adjuvamus vel adjuvamur eis1 ad unum illum f9em ref]5dum e/4444 ,h9c efficitur ut inimicos etiam no/ros diligamus4444 ,mis]eamur1 quia tanto magis nos od]unt1 quanto ab illo quem diligimus sep>ati sunt4' ,cp4 de disc4 ,*r4 v4 ',necesse e/ ut quem diligis tanquam te ipsum1 illuc illum trahas ad quod et tu amas4' ,ecce ,homo1 cc4 xvii1 xviii4 #edi ,t]t4 ,apol4 #cf4 #eej ,de mor4 ,eccl4 lxiii4 ,cl>k ,obs4 ,!re are duties impos$ by our relation%ip ev5 to ! dead1 to po/]ity1 & ( c\rse to ! imp]sonal creature4 ,see ,m>t5s51 ,e?ics 7,indiv471 #aaf-aah4 ,on duties to po/]ity1 see a beautiful passage 9 ,rusk91 ,sev5 ,lamps ( ,ar*itecture1 vi4 #i4 #eea ,dean ,*ur*1 ,disc4 ( ! ,*ri/ian ,"*1 p4 #aja4 ,cp4 ,ecce ,homo ed4 #ac1 p4 #agh4 #eeb ,see ,rom4 xii4 #c2 #b ,cor4 x4 #e4 #eec ,wisdom vi4 #ag4 #eed #a ,cor4 vi4 #ai4 #eee ,ep4 ad ,diog4 vi4 1 4 #eef ,see ,we/cott1 ,essay on ,! ,*ur* & ! ,_w 9 8 ed4 ( ,s4 ,john's ,epp44 #eeg ,tr5*1 ,syn4 ( ,n4,t4 xxxvii4 ,on ',res5tm5t' see ,ecce ,homo1 c4 xxi2 ,butl]1 ,s]m4 viii4 ,cp4 ,ari/4 ,e?4 iv4 #e4 ,see also ,dale4 ,! ,atonem5t1 ,lect4 ,,viii4 #eeh ,dean ,*ur*1 ,gifts ( ,civilization1 p4 #cbc4 ,cp4 ,m>t9eau1 ,types ( ,e?4 ,!ory1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #bjj-bjb4 #eei ,see ,s]vice ( ,man1 cc4 vii & ix4 ,^? objections h be5 (t5 met4 ,see ,dean ,*ur*1 ,s]m4 on ',*ri/'s ,example4' ,liddon1 ,bampt4 ,lect4 ed4 #aa p4 #acj4 #efj ,aug4 de mor4 ,eccl4 lxiii4 ',tu ,ecclesia pu]ilit] pu]os1 =tit] juv5es1 quiete s5es pr\t cuiusque non corporis tantum1 s$ et animi aetas e/1 ex]ces ac doces etc4' ,cp4 ,amb4 de ,(f4 ,m94 i4 #ag4 #efa ,wace1 ,boyle ,lect4 7s]4 #a7 v4 ,cp4 ,ecce ,homo1 c4 ix4 ,we may consid] h[ ,*ri/ gives a practical turn to speculative inquiries4 ,s4 ,luke xiii4 #bc1 #bd2 ,s4 ,john xxi4 #ba foll4 #efb ,e4g4 ,clem4 ( ,alex&ria4 ,see ,bigg1 ,! ,*ri/ian ,platoni/s ( ,alex&ria1 p4 #hj4 #efc ,s4 ,luke xiii4 #cb2 ,heb4 ii4 #aj1 v4 #i4 ,cp4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #de2 & see ,gal4 ii4 #bj1 iv4 #ai4 ,also an ,art4 9 ,*4 ,qu4 ,rev4 ,no4 xxxii1 on ',our ,"l's ,human ,example4' #efd #a ,cor4 i4 #cj4 ,cp4 ,rom4 viii4 #bi4 ,= ! ?\ght t foll[s1 see ,pr(4 ,bruce on ,heb4 ii4 #aa-ah 9 ,expositor1 ,no4 #ej4 #efe ,s]vice ( ,man1 pp4 #hd1 #he4 #eff ,*rys4 9 ,joh4 hom4 x4 #b 1 1 444 #efg ,see ,tit4 ii4 #aa1 #ab 444 ,s4 ,matt1 xxviii4 #ai1 #bj4 ,aug4 de disc4 ,*r4 i4 ',discipl9ae domus e/ ,ecclesia ,*ri/i4' ,butl]1 ,analogy1 pt4 ii4 c4 #a4 #efh ,consid] ,col4 i4 #bh2 ,eph4 ii4 #aj4 #efi ,lyra ,apo/olica1 ,no4 xxxvii sign$ 4 #egj ,consid] ,phil4 ii4 #b1 :]e ! description ( ! ,*ri/ian example & "* is prefac$ by an impressive appeal = ,unity4 ,! moral guilt ( h]esy p>tly lies 9 its be+ a pr9ciple ( disunion4 ,cyp4 de ,unit4 xxvi4 compla9s ( p>ticul> ways 9 :i* disunion injures ,*ri/ian "*4 #ega ,bruce 7,expositor1 ,no4 #ej1 p4 #hd74 ',god's pat]nal discipl9e1 our own self-ef=t1 ,*ri/'s example1 prie/ly influ5ce & sympa?y1 all contribute to ! same end1 p]si/5cy & progress 9 ! ,*ri/ian life4' ,x is specially in/ructive to contra/ ! ,*ri/ian ) ! ,pagan e/imation ( ,lab\r1 z a factor 9 ! =mation ( "*4 ,see ,m>t5s51 ,e?ics 7,social71 p4 #abi4 #egb ,= :at foll[s1 see especially ! ,l5t5 s]mons ( ,s4 ,leo4 ,also a v useful book by ,canon ,furse1 ,helps to ,hol9ess4 #egc #a ,cor4 vi4 #ac4 ,see ,cyp4 de orat4 ,dom4 iv1 on ! "p ( ! body 9 pray]4 #egd ,! p>ticul> %ape :i* ,almsgiv+ w assume is obvi\sly to be 'sugge/$ by ! special conditions' ( ! age4 ,see a noble passage 9 ,ecce ,homo ed4 #ac1 p4 #ahd1 po9t+ out ! way 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ian _s is likely to reg>d social problems4 ,cp4 ,m>t5s51 ,e?ics 7,social71 p4 #acb4 ,?is po9t seems completely ov]look$ 9 ! ,s]vice ( ,man1 c4 vii4 #ege ,aug4 ,en*ir4 lxxii4 ',multa sunt g5]a eleemosyn>um1 quae cum facimus adjuvamur4' ,see also ,cyp4 de op4 et eleem4 xxv4 ,leo1 9 ,quad4 v4 #d2 de ,res4 i4 #a2 de ,p5t4 i4 #f1 etc4 ,bruce1 ,p>abolic ,tea*+1 etc41 pp4 #cga-cge1 has "s /rik+ rem>ks4 #egf ,s4 ,luke xi4 #da4 #egg ,leo1 9 ,quad4 xii4 #b1 ',9 caele/ibus ,ecclesiae discipl9is1 multum utilitatis adf]unt div9itus in/ituta jejunia4' ,cp4 ,hook]1 ,bk4 v4 #gb4 #egh ,ep4 ad ,diogn4 vi4 4 #egi ,s]m4 de ,pass4 xix4 #e4 ,cp4 ,m>t5s51 ,e?ics 7,indiv471 p4 #afj2 ,m>t9eau1 ,types1 etc41 vol4 ii4 #cha4 #ehj ,s4 ,matt4 xxiv4 #h 4 #eha ,rom4 viii4 #ai4 #ehb #a ,cor4 vii4 #ca2 #a ,s4 ,john ii4 #ag1 etc4 #ehc ,cp4 ,! ,e?ics ( ,socialism1 by ,e4 ,bel=t ,bax1 p4 #ai4 #ehd ,cp4 ,b]n1 de consid4 v4 #aa4 #ehe ,ps4 cxlix4 #a4 #ehf ,see ! ,bp4 ( ,exet]'s ,prim>y ,*>ge on ?is subject4 ,on ! pr9ciple involv$ 9 ?is 'dual classification' see an impressive passage 9 ,m>t9eau1 ,types1 etc41 ii4 #fe-fi4 #ehg #b ,cor4 v4 #e2 ,col4 i4 #bh2 ,butl]1 ,analogy1 i4 c4 #e4 #ehh ,s4 ,luke xx4 #cf 444 4 ,cp4 ,leo ,magn4 ,s]m4 9 ,res4 ,dom4 i4 c4 #d4 #ehi ,v9c4 ,lir94 ,common4 c4 xiii4 ',unoquoque hom9um s9e f9e victuro1 9 unoquoque hom9um s9e f9e necess>io utriusque sub/antiae diff]5tia p]manebit4' #eij ,dorn]1 ,sy/em1 etc41 #b4 #eia ,aug4 de ,fid4 et ,symb4 xiii4 ',spirituale corpus intelligitur quod ita spiritui subditum e/1 ut caele/i habitationi conv5iat4' ,! ,resurrection ( ! fle% is ?us se5 to h vital relation to ! idea ( moral p]fection4 ,cp4 ,?om4 ,aqu94 ,summa1 i4 ii4 ,qu4 iv4 ,art4 #f-h4 #eib ,ir54 iv4 #bh4 #b1 ',hi semp] p]cipiunt regnum1 et pr(iciunt4' ,pet4 ,lomb4 ,s5t4 ii4 xxv4 #g1 ',po/ confirmationem v]o 444 nec v9ci pot]it nec premi homo3 et tunc habebit non posse pecc>e4' #eic ,s4 ,matt4 xiii4 #dc2 #b ,cor4 iii4 #ah2 #a ,s4 ,john iii4 #b4 #eid #a ,s4 ,john i4 #c-g2 ,heb4 vii4 #af2 ,we/cott1 ,hi/4 ,fai?1 p4 #adg4 #eie ,aug4 de mor4 ,eccl4 iv4 ',beata vita1 cum id quod e/ hom9is optimum1 amatur et habetur4' #eif 1 ,s4 ,john vi4 #bh4 ,cp4 ,s4 ,matt4 vi4 #cc4 #eig #a ,cor4 iii4 #bb4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,,on ,,"s ,,aspects ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,duty4 ,! conception ( morality z a sy/em ( positive ,div9e ,law1 & ! 'juridical me?od' :i* is said to m>k e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s on e?ics#eih1 is p]haps attributable to ! gr[? ( an imp]ial _s 9 ! ,*ur* :5 %e f\nd h]self confront$ ) ! task ( r$uc+ to ord] ! social *aos into :i* ! fall ( ! ,empire plung$ ,europe4 ,s4 ,leo may be said to embody ?is _s 9 a maje/ic p]sonal =m4 ,! m>k ( ,roman au?ority re/s on ! ord9ances ( ! ,*ur* ( ?is p]iod4 ,x may be t h] rules ( duty we> some?+ ( ! aspect ( a fix$1 unv>y+ code4 ,! moral problems ) :i* %e has to deal are comp>atively simple2 !y admit ( cle>1 concise treatm5t1 9 accordance ) a fix$ sy/em ( discipl9e2 %>p di/9ctions are possible3 & ! ,gospel ?us pres5ts to ! _w ! features ( an ext]nal ,law4 ,be ?is z x may1 widely diff]5t conditions seem n[ to dem& a def9ite sy/em ( ,*ri/ian duty1--a /udy ( 'special' or 'appli$ e?ics4' ,! ma9 feature ( mod]n life is n social disorganization1 b complexity ( relation%ips2 & al?\gh 9 ! ab/ract no su* ?+ is possible z a 'conflict ( duties2' yet x is cle> t duty is n always simple1 or obvi\s4 ,we ne$ 9 fact some?+ l a sy/em ( casui/ry2 ( e?ics appli$ to novel sph]es1 & special po9ts ( obligation4 ,x is inde$ reasonable to expect t z civilization advances1 & new realms op5 up :i* ! ,*ri/ian _s mu/ appropriate1 ! ,law ( duty w be enri*$2 !re w be expansion ( its cont5t3 e4g4 ! developm5t ( ,indu/ry makes desirable ! =mulation ( ! ',e?ics ( ,lab\r2' ! rise ( a special class may raise ! "q :e!r 'class virtues' are to be recognis$1 & h[ !y are to be e/imat$1 by ,e?ics#eii4 ,9 ?is app5dix "s purpose may be s]v$ by notic+ a few press+ moral problems ( our "t2 "s sph]es ( duty z to :i* guidance or developm5t ( pr9ciples seems call$ =4 i4 ,9 ! sph]e ( self-reg>d+ duty a po9t :i* ne$s att5tion is ! tru? ( p]sonal responsibility4 ,!re are influ5ces at "w :i* ?reat5 ! s5se ( acc\ntability1 :e!r = conduct or belief4 ,!re are ( c\rse speculative difficulties surr\nd+ ! "q ( fre$om2 !re is wide misconception ( its true mean+2 b x ne$s to be cle>ly taught1 t grant$ all limitations ( ! p[] ( *oice1 moral responsibility rema9s = ! use ( ! "*1 z ( ! prop]ty1 :i* a man inh]its#fjj4 ,a man's moral con/itution1 rigidly def9$ ?\gh x be by h]$ity1 is yet 8 'h]itage1' 8 natural end[m5t1 = ! "r direction ( :i* he is responsible4 ,! weak s5se ( ?is pla9 fact is noticeable 9 ! lax & indulg5t tone (t5 us$ respect+ crim9als4 ',to "s ( u1' x has be5 ju/ly said1 '! individual is always innoc5t & society always guilty#fja4' ,! degree ( guilt1 h[ev]1 may be m9imiz$ 7e4g4 by ! plea ( ignorance71 :ile ! fact ( x rema9s4 ,9 ?is connection /ati/ics ( crime h a value :i* ne$s to be e/imat$4 ,d !y po9t to conditions ( society :i* mu/ be fac$ z unalt]able8 or d !y n r usefully indicate ! prop] *annels into :i* ! /ream ( social en]gy %\ld be direct$8 ,aga91 9 ! matt] ( p]sonal belief1 x is (t5 assum$ t !re is no responsibility4 ,! "q1 h[ev]1 = ea* individual1 if rightly /at$1 is simply ?is1 ',:at has be5 my attitude t[>ds t :i* has pres5t$ itself to me z tru?#fjb8' ,ano!r po9t ( importance is ! moral culture ( ,imag9ation1 9 relation *iefly to ae/hetic recreation 9 its diff]5t =ms1 ! ,!atre1 ! pursuit ( ,art1 ! read+ ( ,fiction4 ,we are le>n+ by s]i\s exp]i5ce ! enorm\s p[] ( fancy to k9dle passion1 & to col\r human actions4 ,9 view ( ! spread ( deprav+ lit]ature1 en]getic ass]tion ( duty t[>ds ?is dep>tm5t ( p]sonality is ne$$4 ,su* duty seems to be recognis$ 9 ,phil4 iv4 #h4 ii4 ,pass+ to ! sph]e ( family obligations1 x is natural to rem>k on ! break-up ( family life :i* is s common a consequ5ce ( highly-develop$ indu/ry4 ,! employm5t ( wom5 9 factories1 etc41 t5ds to make !m unfit = dome/ic duties2 :ile t ( *ildr5 enc\rages a _s ( indep5d5ce :i* is n )\t social dang]2 ?us n only ! s5se ( p>5tal duty1 b ! respect = p>5tal au?ority1 is impair$4 ,*ri/ians are b\nd to disc\nt5ance1 or at lea/ to c\nt]act1 ?is /ate ( ?+s s f> z x int]f]es ) ! rudim5ts ( moral discipl9e4 ,! press+ ne$ ( our day1 h[ev]1 w\ld appe> to be "s cle> tea*+ on ! subject ( m>riage4 ,!re are diff]5t aspects ( ! m>riage contract recognis$ 9 ,scripture4 ,b ,*ri/ianity c make no t]ms ) ^? !ories :i* h borne fruit 9 lax legislation on divorce1 ) all its mis*iev\s results4 ,m>riage1 accord+ to ! ,*ri/ian view1 is a s]i\s vocation1 ) its own sacr$ duties1 & special consecration4 ,improvid5t m>riage is z immoral f a ,*ri/ian z f an anti-,*ri/ian po9t ( view#fjc4 ,e?ical consid]ations ought to guide or re/rict ! int5tion to m>ry2 & ) reg>d to ! "q ( population1 ,*ri/ianity condemns any !ory :i* (f]s a sub/itute = rational self-re/ra9t4 ,! true end ( m>riage1 aga91 is some?+ high] ?an 'happ9ess'2 x is appo9t$ = ! mutual enri*m5t ( p]sonality1 mutual fre$om to fulfil ! true ideal ( human life4 ,! :ole subject has inde$ become involv$ 9 difficulties :i* _c be enc\nt]$ by any m]e /atem5t ( pr9ciples4 ,!re is no d\bt1 h[ev]1 ( ! end :i* ! ,*ri/ian treatm5t ( ?is po9t mu/ keep 9 view4 iii4 ,z to ! social sph]e g5]ally1 we beg9 by rem>k+ t1 f ! ,*ri/ian /&po9t1 e transaction betwe5 man & man is to be reg>d$ z p]sonal1 & !re=e e?ical4 ,! mo/ significant fact p]haps ( our "t is ! process ( transition f 7s-call$7 political to e?ical economics4 ,to reason rightly on social problems we mu/ ev] h reg>d to p]sonality4 ,= e?ical purposes ! ab/ract t]ms ,capital1 ,lab\r1 ,production1 ,weal?1 etc41 mu/ be replac$ by p]sonal t]ms1 ,employ]1 ,employ1 ,produc]1 ,man ( ,weal?1 etc4 ,our problem is h[ to sup]s$e ! te*nical & legal relation by ! p]sonal#fjd4 ,?is be+ our fundam5tal po9t ( view1 we f9d t e?ics w treat equally ( rights & duties4 ,a ,*ri/ian !ory ( rights is requir$4 ,! prevail+ view ( !m is individuali/ic4 ,x is =gott5 t ! rights ( "o man h _! gr\nd 9 ! obligations ( ano!r2 !y are limit$ by ! claims ( o!r p]sonalities on our own2 '"r' is1 9 fact1 a condition mak+ possible ! fulfilm5t ( duty4 ,x is ?us a matt] ( ,*ri/ian conc]n 7to sugge/ m]e examples7 t work]s %\ld atta9 to ! possibility ( free self-developm5t3 heal?y conditions ( "w1 ! enjoym5t ( dome/ic life1 security ( ma9t5ance1 p]haps p]man5ce ( contract1 opportunities ( recreation & culture1--ev]y?+1 9 fact1 :i* w give !m fair *ance ( heal?ful & wor?y human life4 ,*ri/ianity c be cont5t ) no?+ %ort ( ?is4 ,on ! o!r h& duties call = notice4 ,mod]n capitali/s =m a class ^: responsibilities x is difficult adequately to measure4 ,! g5]al pr9ciple1 h[ev]1 is easily repeat$3 t x is ! duty ( ! weal?y1 or ^? :o employ work]s1 to respect ! p]sonality ( _! employs1 to treat !m n z ma*9es1 b z m54 ,?omas ,c>lyle well describes ! aim t %\ld guide ?is influ5tial class3 'to be a noble ma/] among noble work]s1 ! fir/ ambition3 to be a ri* ma/]1 only ! second4' ,indu/rial developm5t inde$ br+s into prom95ce _m que/ions ( duty & "r1 :i* c be solv$ only by deep] appreh5sion ( ! ,*ri/ian /&po9t3 & ( 'morality z an indu/rial =ce#fje3' = ! ties :i* b9d m5 9 ! relation ( bro!rhood & sonhood are ! noble/ & /ronge/4 ,! duties ( a /ate are matt]s ( controv]sy1 & op5 a field n lightly to be ent]$4 ,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t adequate pressure c only be br\ght to be> on gov]n+ classes by an educat$ public op9ion1 r we %\ld say an enlight5$ moral s5se1 9 ! community4 ,x is impossible to =esee ! results t might ensue f ! gr[? ( moral op9ion on su* po9ts z ! /ate regulation ( vice1 ! j causes ( w>1 ! re/riction ( ! h\rs ( lab\r1 ! treatm5t ( semi-civiliz$ dep5d5cies1 ! true l9es to be foll[$ by education4 ,x is ?is trem5d\s pot5cy ( public op9ion t po9ts to ! great ne$ ( mod]n democracy3 ! education1 namely1 ( feel+ & "*2 ! cultivation ( rev]5ce & ! faculty ( admiration1 ( self-control & sobriety 9 judgm5t & ?\ght4 ,h[ f> a m]ely intellectual tra9+ w produce ?is "* c sc>cely be a matt] ( controv]sy4 ,a va/ field ( inquiry & /udy is ?us evid5tly op5 to economic morali/s3 & x has be5 opportunely sugge/$ t ! ef=t to /udy1 '9 ! light ( ! reveal$ w ( ,god1 ! intricate problems ( society1' might be a common bond betwe5 diff]5t sections ( ,*ri/5dom1 & might promote t unity ( ,god's ,*ur*1 :i* is ! true condition ( effectual social re=m#fjf4 iv4 ,9 ! ,*ur*1 or moral community :i* embraces & leav5s ! /ate1 special po9ts ( duty arise3 e4g4 respect+ ! limits ( ! ,*ur*'s self-adaptation to ! t5d5cies ( ! age1 & h] relation to ! anti-,*ri/ian pr9ciple 9 society4 ,h5ce arise difficult que/ions z to ! true bases ( ,tol]ation1 & ( submission to ! civil p[]4 ,we may be sure t pr9ciples ( action & ?\ght c be rea*$ only by clos] /udy ( ,*ri/'s words 9 relation to mod]n life#fjg1 z ! practical in/9ct ( ! ,*ur* has int]pret$ !m4 ,a simil> problem is rais$ by ! advance ( ,sci5ce & ,criticism4 ,*ri/ians are *>g$ ) be+ beh9d sci5tific m5 9 _! appreh5sion ( '! morals ( ass5t#fjh4' ,:atev] tru? !re is 9 su* a reproa*1 x at lea/ utt]s a note ( w>n+4 v4 ,once m1 if we consid] ! non-p]sonal realm ) :i* man is br\ght 9 contact1 we mu/ face ! problem ( duties t[>ds ! l[] animals4 ,we h se5 t su* duties h a gr\nd 9 reason3 b _! nature & ext5t are n well def9$4 ,x is important to /udy our ,"l's attitude t[>ds nature1 = :i* ,he uni=mly exhibits1 especially 9 ,8 p>ables & miracles1 su* feel+ & love4 ,! practice ( vivisection1 = example1 raises a "q z to ! limits ( ! dom9ium naturae committ$ to man2 & 8 "r to employ creaturely life z a means4 ,!re is ( c\rse a practice ( vivisection :i* is utt]ly immoral3 z :5 x is prompt$ by m]e pleasure 9 exp]im5t+1 or by idle curiosity2 or is c>ri$ on )\t /rict int5tion & reasonable prospect ( meet+ a p>ticul> ne$4 ,)9 ! limits ( an essay x w\ld be presumptu\s to d m ?an raise su* que/ions z ! =ego+2 we p]haps be/ display a s5se ( _! gravity by leav+ !m z sugge/ions = sy/ematic discussion4 ,= x has be5 ju/ly obs]v$ ) reg>d to e?ical problems t '! actual solution is itself an art1 a gift :i* _c be taught4' #eih ,sidgwick1 ,outl9es1 etc41 p4 #ajh4 #eii ,^! are p]haps impli$ 9 ,s4 ,luke iii4 #aj-ad4 #fjj ,cp4 ,mr4 ,cott] ,morison1 ,s]vice ( ,man1 p4 #bad4 #fja ,r4 ,w4 ,dale1 ,cont4 ,rev41 ,may1 #ahhi4 ,consid] ,s4 ,luke xxiii4 #cd4 #fjb ,see ,dean ,*ur*1 ,human ,life & its ,conditions1 ,s]m4 ,,iii4 init4 #fjc ,see ,s]vice ( ,man1 pref4 xxv4 foll4 #fjd ,see ,+ram1 ,pres4 ,condition & ,prospects ( ,pol4 ,economy1 p4 #ah3 ',by habitually reg>d+ lab\r f ! ab/ract po9t ( view1 & ov]look+ ! p]sonality ( ! lab\r]1 economi/s are l$ to leave out ( acc\nt "s ( ! consid]ations :i* mo/ s]i\sly affect ! condition ( ! work+ man1' etc4 ,cp4 ,c>lyle1 ,pa/ & ,pres5t1 ! la/ book4 #fje ,see ! *apt] ) ?is title 9 ,t4 ,e4 ,br[n1 ,/udies 9 ,mod]n ,socialism & ,lab\r ,problems1 c4 xii4 #fjf ,see an ,article on ',*ri/ian ,union1' by ,e>l ,nelson1 ,cont4 ,rev41 ,feb4 #ahhi4 #fjg ,see ,m>t5s51 ,e?ics 7,ind471 #ic4 ,dean ,*ur*1 ,gifts ( ,civilization1 ,s]m4 ,,ii4 #fjh ,mr4 ,huxley 9 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury = ,nov4 #ahhg4 ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,,on ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,s9#fji4 ',jesus did n commit ,himself unto !m1 because ,he knew all m51 & ne$$ n t any %\ld te/ify ( man3 = ,he knew :at 0 9 man4'--,s4 ,john ii4 #bd1 #be4 ',s9 is lawlessness4'--#a ,s4 ,john iii4 #d4 ,r4,v4 ',he knew :at 0 9 man4' ,! words describe our ,"l 9 pres5ce ( a fact univ]sally recogniz$--man's moral unsatisfactor9ess4 ,he looks /eadily at man's fir/ (f] ( s]vice1 at man's fir/ en?usiasm1 :5 '_m believ$ 9 ,8 "n1' & ,he disc]ns beh9d x a disqualify+ cause2 some?+ :i* prev5ts ,him f tru/+ man z he is1 & f committ+ to him ! great "w ( ,8 k+dom4 ,he sees s9 9 man & all t s9 involves ( moral failure1 ( refusal to endure1 ( spiritual bl9dness1 ( lawless self-ass]tion1 ( passion1 ( selfi%ness1 ( self-w4 ,t !re is 9 human nature ?is disqualify+ ta9t ( s9 is1 we may say1 a fact univ]sally recogniz$4 ,x is ! fact :i* 9 sl[ embitt]+ exp]i5ce has turn$ philan?ropi/s into cynics & sadd5$ ! wise/4 ,b to our ,"l x 0 a fact pres5t f ! fir/4 ',he ne$$ n t any %\ld te/ify ( man4' ,he reckon$ ) s9 to />t )4 ,!re=e ,he c\ld n use mank9d1 z x (f]$ itself1 = ,8 purposes4 ,x ne$$ a fre% />t1 a vital re-creation1 to fit x = su* high ends4 ',except ye be conv]t$ & become z little *ildr51 ye %all n ent] into ! k+dom ( heav54' ',except a man be born aga9 he _c see ! k+dom ( ,god4' ,*ri/ recognizes ! fact ( s94 ,all m5 m or less come to recognize x )9 !m & )\t4 ,b yet !re h be5 v diff]5t ways ( expla9+ x4 ,= ^u ! surface x is tempt+ to int]pret ! /ruggle betwe5 good & evil1 z we "k x s sadly well 9 our n>r[ exp]i5ce1 z repres5t+ a univ]sal conflict betwe5 opposite pr9ciples4 ,! _w is a composite ?+1 m5 h suppos$1 ! result ( ! antagonism ( two ,pr9ciples1 two k+doms1 two ,gods1 "o good & ! o!r evil2 or !y h expla9$ ! _w z repres5t+ ! action ( a good ,god ^u an intractable mat]ial1 et]nal z ,himself1 :i* limits ,8 p[] & re/ra9s ,8 h&4 ,on ei!r ( ^! cognate !ories#faj ! s\l ( man is naturally repres5t$ z a creation ( ! good ,pr9ciple or a p>ticle ( x1 emb$d$ 9 a vile body ( mat]ial evil :i* clogs & h9d]s & imp$es x1 :i* is ! seat ( lu/s & passions1 defil+ ! purity ( ! spiritual elem5t4 ,! _s is good & ! body is evil4 ,?is is ! !ory ^u :i* s mu* ( ,ori5tal asceticism has proce$$4 ,! object ( su* asceticism is to lib]ate ! pure _s f ! trammels ( ! corrupt+ & imprison+ body4 ,t is mo/ spiritual :i* is lea/ mat]ial4 ,purification is ab/raction f ! body4 ,! _s is ak9 to ,god1 & w "o day w9 its way up to be re-absorb$ 9 ,god4 ,! body is mat]ial & evil1 ! seat ( s91 & to be dealt ) z su*4 ,h5ce ! remorseless p]secution ( ! body :i* has be5 exhibit$ by ! devotees ( ,gno/icism or ,brahmanism--! d5unciation ( m>riage1 ( animal fle% & w9e4 ,h5ce1 on ! o!r h&1 ! wild reb\nd into lic5ti\sness :i* has sometimes *>act]iz$ ,gno/ic or ,mani*aean sects4 ,=1 aft] all1 :5 asceticism has done its utmo/ we are /ill 9 ! body4 ,if connection ) ! body is s91 eat+ & dr9k+ at all is z s9ful z excess2 m>riage ! same z lic5ce4 ,outw>d acts become indiff]5t--indiff]5tly bad4 ,?is pr9ciple expla9s ! reaction f extreme mortification to extreme lic5ce :i* *>act]izes ,ori5talism4 ,once m1 9 mod]n times1 f a diff]5t po9t ( view1 mat]ialism has aga9 int]pret$ s9 z an ess5tial "p ( nature4 ,ignor+ ! di/9ction ( :at is moral & :at is physical1 ! mat]iali/ic ,positivism1 = in/ance1 ( ,mr4 ,cott] ,morison repres5ts goodness & badness 9 m5 z ! simple product ( natural =ces l goodness & badness 9 fruits ( ! e>?1 ea* class ( good & bad m5 be+ ess5tially & inevitably :at x %[s itself to be4 ',no?+ is ga9$1' he says1 'by disguis+ ! fact t !re is no rem$y = a bad he>t & no sub/itute = a good "o#faa4' ,x is common to all ! anti-,*ri/ian views ( s9 t at ! la/ resort !y make s9 natural1 a "p ( nature4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ,*ri/'s view ( s9--( ! ,scriptural view ( x--t x makes x unnatural4 ,x is *>act]i/ic1 aga91 ( ! non-,*ri/ian view t x makes ! body1 ! mat]ial1 ! seat ( s94 ,x is ess5tial to ! ,*ri/ian view to f9d its seat & only s\rce 9 ! w#fab4 ,take ! vile/ crime1 & ,*ri/ianity assures y t ?r\gh\t ! transaction1 z y may obs]ve x1 !re is no?+ evil 9 ! natural mat]ial :i* is employ$1 !re is only ! lawless misuse ( mat]ial :i* is 9 itself good4 ,! wor/ passions are b ! disord]ly ex]cise ( feel+s & faculties 9 !mselves good & capable ( r$emption4 ,lu/ is only love uncontroll$ by ! w1 &1 !re=e1 lawless4 ,take ! l[e/ crim9al1 & ,*ri/ianity assures y t1 h[ev] habituat$ all 8 nature to run to evil1 if y c once get 8 w--:at ,scripture calls 8 'he>t'--set "r & giv5 to ,god1 t "r direction ( ! w1 ! he>t1 w aft] long battle at la/ c>ry ) x all ! nature2 ! =ces ( grace are set free to act :5 ! ob/acle ( ! w's rebellion or apa?y is remov$1 & 7?\gh x takes ages beyond ?is mortal life7 at la/ ! :ole be+ w be purifi$1 & :at began 9 ! surr5d] ( ! w w take effect 9 ! illum9ation ( ! intellect & ! purify+ ( ! affections4 ,?us x is t ,*ri/ianity c repres5t ,god z ju/ify+ ! s9n] 9 virtue ( fai?4 ,fai? is ! fir/ movem5t ( ! w & he>t by :i* ! s9n]1 f ! f>-(f c\ntry ( 8 exile1 seeks 8 true home1 f ! dep? ( 8 s91 claims ,*ri/ z 8 own4 ,at ?is fir/ movem5t ,god welcomes him4 ,he meets him ) ,8 acceptance4 ,he claims him z ,8 true son1 because 9 t fir/ movem5t ( ! moral be+ ,god sees ! pl$ge ( all t is to come4 ,he sees ! =ces let loose :i* w br+ ! f9al victory4 ,he deals ) ! s9n] by a ,div9e anticipation1 n z he is1 b z he is on ! way to become#fac4 ',8 fai? is reckon$ = righte\sness4' ,let u dwell on ! ,*ri/ian view ( s91 9 its ess5ce1 9 its appeal1 9 its practical ju/ification1 9 its an?ropological results4 7#a7 ,9 its ess5ce4 ,x is express$ by ,s4 ,john1 ',s9 is lawlessness3' 4 ,! two t]ms are co9cid5t4 ,= ,god1 & ,god only1 made ! _w1 & !re is no o!r ,creator1 no o!r creation4 ,he made x1 & pron\nc$ x v good 9 its complet5ess4 ,! univ]se1 9 all its sum ( =ces & exi/5ces1 is good1 & ( ,god4 ,! v exi/5ce ( any?+ is a pl$ge ( its natural goodness4 ,x exi/s only because ,god creat$ x & su/a9s x & dwells 9 x4 ,x mu/ cease to exi/1 ,s4 ,augu/9e tells u1 if x 7 simply evil#fad4 ,positive exi/5ce is always1 s f>1 good4 ,:at !n is s9 9 m5 or 9 devils8 ,9 "o ^w1 lawlessness--! violation ( nature1 ! misuse ( good by rebellion ( ! w4 ,physical decay1 dea?1 dissolution1 *ange1 ^! are ( nature2 s91 on ! o!r h&1 is contr>y to nature4 ,x is simply misuse1 disord]4 ,x has no positive sub/ance4 ,a s9ful man is n ! man z ,god made him ) some?+ else introduc$ call$ s94 ,he is simply ! man z ,god made him1 disord]$ by ignor+ ,god1 by claim+ indep5d5ce ( ,god1 by lawlessness4 ,! same act may con/itute ei!r ! s9 ( murd] or ! h]oism ( a soldi] fight+ 9 8 c\ntry's def5ce2 ei!r ! s9 ( adult]y or ,*ri/ian m>riage1 because 9 ! "o case ! act is done 9 accordance ) ! ,god-giv5 law ( our be+2 9 ! o!r case 9 defiance ( x4 ,! humanity ( ,*ri/ & ! humanity ( ! greate/ crim9al are consub/antial ! "o ) ! o!r4 ,all t ! crim9al s9s ) belongs to ,*ri/'s nature2 ,he has all ! faculties t are us$ = s94 ',he c\ld s9 if ,he c\ld w to s91' ! ,fa!rs tell u1 'b ,god =bid t we %\ld ?9k ( ,8 will+ x#fae4' ,:at is disord]$1 ungov]n$ 9 ! crim9al is 9 ,*ri/ p]fectly subord9at$ to a w1 itself controll$ 9 lov+ h>mony by ! ,div9e ,_s4 ,if x s\nds prepo/]\s to say t ! nature ( ! crim9al is n ( itself s9ful1 to make ! /atem5t reasonable & true we h only to be> 9 m9d ! results ( s9 :i* h tak5 sl[ effect ^u 8 nature 9 ! sequ5ce ( g5]ations ( bad habit4 ,! body may h become s accu/om$ to s91 s m\ld$ to s9 by =ces )9 & )\t z to ju/ify ,s4 ,paul call+ x a 'body ( s9#faf1' b only 9 ! s5se 9 :i* our ,"l calls money or mammon '! mammon ( unrighte\sness#fag4' ,money1 our ,"l meant1 has become s accu/om$1 s to speak1 to l5d itself to ! purposes ( unrighte\sness t x requires att5tion z al]t1 wisdom z f>-sight$1 z t ( ! unju/ /ew>d1 9 ! *ildr5 ( light1 to div]t x aga9 to its true uses4 ,! body 9 ! same way has be5 s m\ld$ to s91 accu/om$ to s91 t x requires ! /rong h& ( an asceticism1 rightly motiv$1 to 'keep x "u1' to lead x z a slave1 to wre/ x to good uses4 ,x requires ! cutt+ (f ( ! "r h& or ! pluck+ out ( ! "r eye--! disuse = a "t1 t is1 by do+ viol5ce to oneself ( :at has become s misus$1 s lawless4 ,! b[ mu/ be b5t viol5tly back1 if x is to be made /raight4 ,b ! end ( all ?is ,*ri/ian asceticism is ! re/oration ( our :ole nature to its true law4 ,we mortify our bodies only to (f] !m at la/ a liv+ sacrifice ( rational s]vice4 ,at la/ all ! impulses & passions & p>ts ( ev5 ! crim9al nature %all be subjugat$ aga9 to ! law ( ! ,_s4 ,*ri/ %all purify ! impure & h>monise ! disord]ly4 ,?us d[n ! vi/a ( an endless future ,*ri/ianity =ces u to see ! nature ( ! crim9al1 if he w b turn ,godw>ds1 only recon/itut$1 n sub/antially *ang$1 "o ) ,*ri/ 9 glory4 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( s91 ! doctr9e t ,a?anasius & ,augu/9e & ,anselm1 ! ,*ri/ian ,fa!rs z a :ole1 repeat & reit]ate2 t s9 has no sub/ance2 t !re is no positively s9ful nature2 t s9 lies n 9 ?+s1 b 9 our relation to ?+s2 t ! introduction ( s9 is simply ! privation ( ord]2 t moral recov]y waits = no?+ b ! conv]sion ( w#fah4 7#b7 ,?is is ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 & its appeal is to moral exp]i5ce4 ,look+ at ! _w f ! po9t ( view ( physical sci5ce1 x may appe> z if goodness & badness 7 l good & bad fruit2 b to suppose ?is is to leave out ( sight ! :ole witness ( moral exp]i5ce4 ,x 0 n ,*ri/ian belief b inext+ui%able consci\sness t made ,byron cry-- ',our life is a false nature--'tis n 9 ,! h>mony ( ?+s4' ,or ,%elley3-- ',! univ]se ,9 ,nature's sil5t eloqu5ce decl>es ,t all fulfil ! works ( love & joy1 ,all b ! outca/ man#fai4' ,9 proportion z ! moral consci\sness is ke5 & active1 9 t proportion m5 "k t s9 is n nature1 b its violation2 t !y are n :at !y are meant to be 9 s9n+2 t s9 has no analogy 9 ! failures ( nature1 because x is :at !y are n1 avoidable & morally wrong2 t x violates :at !y fulfil1 ! law ( ! _w4 ,natural failure is "p ( ! _w's fruitfulness4 ,! se$s t fail supply mat]ial = ! se$s t gr[4 ,moral failure--s91 t is1 z di/+ui%$ f m]e imp]fection--is nev] fruitful4 ,s9s are always ! 'unfruitful works ( d>kness#fbj4' 7#c7 ,& ! ju/ification ( ?is ,*ri/ian !ory lies 9 its success4 ,! moral triumphs ( ! ,*ur* dep5d ^u x4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] con/antly assures u t ! fundam5tal po/ulates ( human exp]i5ce are assumptions or hypo!ses at ! bottom1 :i* are cont9u\sly v]ifi$ & ju/ifi$ by ! correspond5ce ( ! results rea*$4 ,t is true ( ! ,*ri/ian po/ulate ( s94 ,! hypo!sis t s9 is n nature1 b lack ( w1 is v]ifi$ by ! victory :i* foll[s action ^u x4 ',accord+ to ?y fai? be x done to !e'--t is ,*ri/'s *all5ge4 ,man aft] man sick ( moral p>alysis lies at ,*ri/'s feet expla9+ :y he _c get up4 ',take up ?y b$ & walk1' ',accord+ to ?y fai? be x unto !e1' is ! ^w ( ,*ri/4 ,claim = y\r own ! morally be/4 ,act on ,*ri/'s promise z if x 7 true & y f9d x is4 ,?is is fai?--to act on :at transc5ds exp]i5ce1 to act on :at y d n feel possible1 to act 9 fai? on a promis$ /r5g?1 & to f9d x really giv5 only 9 ! us+4 ,fai? involves ! recognition ( our own weakness1 ! surr5d] ( our own indep5d5ce into ! h&s ( ,god2 x ga9s z its rew>d ! promis$ help2 x sets free ! 'virtue :i* goes out' ( ,*ri/4 ,reason c only analyse & rationalise :at x already exp]i5ces4 ,fai? c d :at reason1 :at und]/&+1 at any rate1 _c d--x c yield life up to high] =ces ?an x has yet kn[n4 ,only :5 ! =ces h become 9 exp]i5ce ?or\ghly famili> c !y be subject$ to ! analysis ( reason4 ,cr$o ut intelligam4 ,! ju/ification ( ! ,*ri/ian view ( s9 z some?+ :i* is n nature1 b failure or disord] ( w--some?+ !re=e :i* fai?1 t is ! "r direction & use ( w1 c ov]come1 or put 9 ! way to be ov]come--! ju/ification ( ?is view is1 ,i say1 to be f\nd 9 exp]i5ce4 ,act aga9/ s91 9 ,*ri/'s "n1 z if y _h /r5g?1 & y w f9d y h4 ,expect & y receive4 ,x f9ds its ju/ification n 9 ! recov]y ( our own lives only1 b 9 t ( o!rs4 ,! ,*ri/ian lifts o!rs by believ+ 9 !m4 ,he sees 9 ea* ! subject ( r$emption4 ,beh9d heaps ( s91 +ra9$ habits ( s91 he sees a man's true self1 true nature1 z ,god made x & int5d$ x to gr[1 & to ?is he appeals4 ',accord+ to ?y fai? be x unto !e' means n only ',y c be sav$1 if y believe2' x means also ',y c save o!rs'--save !m by believ+ 9 !m & 9 ,god1 save !m1 n accord+ to y\r own fooli% desires1 b 9 accordance ) ,god's int5tion = !m1 ) ! orig9al law ( _! be+4 ,! be/ mod]n novel lit]ature is full ( ?is tru?4 ,:at are ! moral recov]ies ( ,jean ,valjean 9 ,les ,mis]ables1 & ( ,sidney ,c>ton 9 ! ,tale ( ,two ,cities1 & ( ! selfi% old pe] 9 ! *ild /ory ( ! ,little ,"l ,fauntl]oy1 b s _m in/ances ( ! r$emptive p[] ( ,*ri/ian love because x 'believe? all ?+s1 hope? all ?+s1' believes pa/ belief1 hopes beyond hope4 ,! ju/ification ( ! ,*ri/ian view ( s9 lies1 !n1 9 its success2 p>tly 9 ! results x actually produces1 p>tly 9 ! l>g] promise :i* x op5s out beyond ! horizon ( :at we see4 ',!re is no rem$y = a bad "* & no sub/itute = a good "o'--t is ! only outcome ( ! physical view ( s94 ',accord+ to ?y fai?1 be x unto !e'--t is ! ,*ri/ian answ]2 !re is = ?yself no limit to :at ?\ maye/ become1 on ! l9es1 t is to say1 n ( ?9e own ambition1 b ( ,god's purpose1 except :at ?\ sette/ by ?9e own want ( fai?1 ?9e own failure ( moral appetite2 !re is 9 ! case ( o!rs no limit to :at ?\ maye/ help !m to become1 on ! l9es1 once aga91 ( _! fundam5tal nature--except ! limits ( _! fai? & ?9e4 7#d7 ,?is ,*ri/ian view ( s9 det]m9es 9 "p its :ole an?ropology4 ,:at s9 is 9 u1 & n[1 & 9 record$ hi/ory1 s9 is also 9 ! :ole ( humanity4 ,s9 actual is ( a piece ) s9 hi/orical1 ) s9 orig9al4 ,ea* man does n />t afre%4 ,he inh]its ! moral conditions f :i* 8 life />ts4 ,i am aw>e t a mod]n s*ool ( biologi/s1 head$ by ,pr(essor ,weissmann1 is modify+ ! curr5t doctr9e ( h]$ity s f> z to d5y t acquir$ "* c be transmitt$1 s f> z to d5y t ! acts or habits ( m5 c physically modify ! organisation ( _! desc5dants4 ,x is n yet cle> t ?is view1 9 its extreme =m1 is at all likely to ga9 acceptance4 ,b ,i suppose ,*ri/ianity c await ! result ) pati5ce4 ,x may n be 9 any region to :i* sci5tific analysis or inve/igation c p5etrate1 b at lea/ 9 ! inn] region ( man's p]sonality ,*ri/ianity mu/ ma9ta9 t ! individual does n />t afre%4 ,he />ts ! subject ( s9ful t5d5cies :i* he did n orig9ate1 b :i* ^? :o w5t be=e him did1 if n orig9ate1 at lea/ let loose f re/ra9t1 & s make s9ful4 ,s9 is 9 ! race z well z 9 ! individual2 /ay$ m or less by moral ef=t & resi/ance "h2 let loose by self-indulg5ce or luxury !re3 9 v>y+ =ce & alt]able sway !re=e1 b ev]y:]e m or less pres5t1 ev]y:]e mak+ a man consci\s n m]ely ( imp]fection1 b ( inw>d ta9t1 ev]y:]e ne$+ re-creation1 recov]y1 r$emption4 ,& ev]y:]e s9 is ( a piece4 ,my s9s are only fre% specim5s ( :at has be5 go+ on all along4 ,!y "w j ! same result ^u humanity z a :ole z ! s9s ( my pr$ecessors1 z ! fir/ s93 ,i am driv5 logically z well z !ologically to ext5d my !ory ( s9 & to g5]alise x beyond pres5t exp]i5ce4 ,s91 n 9 ! individual1 z ,i "k him m]ely1 b 9 ! :ole ( humanity f ! fir/1 has be5 always rebellion1 n nature4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( human life1 prop]ly s call$1 :5 fir/ a be+ truly call$ a man woke up to consci\sness ( 8 relation to ,god1 to nature1 to himself1 he did n f9d s9 "p ( 8 be+2 he might h obey$ ! movem5t ( ! ,_s ( ,god & realis$ 8 true son%ip by keep+ 8 animal nature "u ! control ( ! _s3 s he w\ld h fulfill$ ! law ( 8 de/9$ manhood4 ,s9 at ! orig9 ( our human life1 z ?r\gh all its hi/ory1 0 treason to our high] capacity1 :i* made man ! slave ( ! fle%4 ,! 'slave ( ! fle%1' because he 0 n meant to be an animal3 he 0 meant to be a spiritual be+4 ,& x 0 ! capacity = ! high] life :i* turn$ to s9 8 *oice ( a l[]2 :i* t+$ x ) ! col\r ( 'remorse1' ) ! bitt]ness ( 'self-contempt#fba4' ,z ! ess5tial ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( s9 f9ds ! gu>antee ( its p]man5ce 9 ! moral consci\sness1 s x w\ld n appe> to involve any conflict ) ! disclosures ( sci5ce4 ,yet x has be5 suffici5tly di/ort$ 9 /atem5t = a conflict to h aris54 ,& ! po9ts at issue are briefly ?ree4 7a7 ,broadly1 x is said1 ! ,*ri/ian religion repres5ts man z />t+ 9 a /ate ( p]fection & gradually degrad+4 ,sci5ce1 ) all ! evid5ces on its side1 repres5ts man z />t+ 9 a /ate ( savag]y & gradually ris+4 ,?is is a mo/ delusive anti!sis4 ,x is c]ta9ly true t progress has n be5 uni=m4 ,!re is su* a ?+ z moral det]ioration4 ,a hi/ory ( ! progress ( s9 f w to intellect1 f intellect to he>t1 till x p5etrates ! :ole nature & plunges x into ! l[e/ dep?s ( d5aturalisation repres5ts :at has be5 a fact bo? 9 ! individual & 9 society4 ,su* a record ( "o elem5t 9 human exp]i5ce ,s4 ,paul gives u 9 ,romans i#fbb4 ,its tru? _c be d5i$4 ,b s f> is ?is f repres5t+ ! ,*ri/ian view ( human hi/ory z a :ole t1 on ! contr>y1 ! ,scriptures /& alone among anci5t lit]atures 9 pres5t+ ! idea ( gradual progress1 gradual education1 movem5t onw>ds to a climax4 ,! ,bible is ! book ( developm5t4 ',god ,:o 9 _m p>ts & _m mann]s spoke ( old "t 444 ha? 9 ! end ( ^! days spok5 by ,8 ,son2' & /ill we move on 9 ! realisation & appropriation ( all t is reveal$ & giv5 9 ,*ri/ 'till we all come 444 unto ! p]fect man4' ,nor is x ! lea/ true to say t ?is developm5t is only ! attempt to rega9 ! plat=m on :i* man 0 fir/ plac$4 ,! idea ( ! fir/ man z a be+ ( develop$ intellectual & spiritual capacity1 p]fect 9 all ! range ( 8 faculties--! idea :i* w\ld admit ( our say+ ) ,rob]t ,s\? t 'an ,ari/otle 0 b ! rubbi% ( an ,adam1 & ,a!ns b ! rudim5ts ( ,p>adise'--may be1 inde$ has be51 f\nd 9 !ologians1 x may h pass$ into ! imag9ation ( ! ,engli% nation z "p ( ! debt1 !ologically v l>gely a debt ( evil1 :i* we owe to ! great poem ( ,milton2 b x is n ,scriptural1 x is n ,*ri/ian !ology at its be/#fbc4 ,all ! fabric ( civilisation ! ,bible repres5ts z be+ gradually built up1 :e!r by ,jabal1 ':o 0 ! fa!r ( su* z dwell 9 t5ts & h cattle1' or by ,jubal1 ':o 0 ! fa!r ( all su* z h&le ! h>p & organ1' or by ,tubal ,ca91 ':o 0 ! in/ructor ( e artific] ( brass & iron4' ,!re is no impression giv5 u t any ( ! arts or ! k ( civilisation exi/$ be=e4 ,all t we are l$ to believe is t ! hi/orical developm5t ( man has n be5 ! developm5t simply z ,god meant x4 ,x has be5 ta9t$ ?r\gh its :ole fabric by an elem5t ( moral disord]1 ( human wilfulness4 ,we _c draw a picture ( h[ human nature 0 int5d$ to fight ! battle ( progress4 ,we _c relate ! /ate ( ! savage to ! int5tion ( ,god1 any m ?an we c relate ! pres5t /ate ( our great cities to t int5tion#fbd4 ,all we c say is t ! /ate ( ?+s z !y 7 9 days ( savag]y1 or z !y are 9 days ( civilisation1 repres5ts a p>ody ( ! ,div9e int5tion = ! *ildhood & manhood ( ! race4 ,man 0 made to gr[ by gradual ef=t 9 range & ex]cise ( e faculty ( 8 be+4 ,b all ?is gradual gr[? might h be5 condition$ by a consci\s fell[%ip ) ,god1 :i* w\ld h introduc$ into x an elem5t ( nobility & /ability :i* 9 fact x has lack$4 ,= ! hi/orical developm5t ( man has be5 a developm5t ) ,god only too (t5 left out1 ! developm5t "u conditions ( m]ely physical laws ( a be+ meant to be spiritual#fbe4 7b7 ',b no1' ! biologi/ rejo9s2 'y w n get (f ?us easily4 ,*ri/ianity reg>ds ev5 s absolutely natural a fact z dea?1 a fact s inextricably int]wov5 into ! /ructural gr[? ( ! _w1 z a m]e consequ5ce ( s94 ,*ri/ianity is refut$ by e evid5ce ( dea? be+ a law ( physical nature4' ,s f> f ?is be+ true1 x is ! case t ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ]s1 ,s4 ,augu/9e z well z ,s4 ,a?anasius1 emphasise ! tru? t dea? is ! law ( physical nature2 t :5 man di$ he 0 und]go+ :at belong$ to 8 animal nature4 ',paul1' says ,augu/9e1 'describes man's body z dead1 n z mortal1 because ( s94 ,mortal x 0 by nature1 because1 z be+ animal1 x 0 subject to dea?#fbf4' ,9 be+ left to dea?1 ,a?anasius tea*es1 man 0 only left to ! law ( 8 physical be+#fbg4 ,:at1 9 fact1 ! ,*ri/ian tea*]s hold is n t dea?1 b dea? z x has be5 kn[n among m51 is ! p5alty ( s91 because man's spiritual or sup]natural life w\ld h blunt$ ! =ces ( corruption & lift$ him into a high] immortal /ate4 ,man w\ld n h di$ because he w\ld h be5 spiritual r ?an animal4 ,& ev5 "h1 if we are ask$ :at ?is means1 we mu/ hesitate 9 our answ]4 ,if s9 is said to h br\ght human dea?1 ,*ri/ is said to h aboli%$ x4 ',?is is ! bread :i* come? d[n f heav5 t a man may eat !re( & n die4' ',if any man eat ( ?is bread he %all live = ev]4' ',:osoev] live? & believe? on ,me %all nev] die4' ',*ri/ ,jesus 444 aboli%$ dea?4' ,s91 we may suppose1 only introduc$ dea? 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ,*ri/ aboli%$ x#fbh4 ,*ri/ has n aboli%$ ! physical transition1 b x ceases to be :at dea? implies3-- ',h5ce=? is dea? ,b ! gate ( life immortal4' ,dea? z x has borne ^u s9ful man has be5 ! sad end+ ( hopes1 ! r5d+ ( 8 he>t-/r+s1 ! collapse ( 8 plans1 ! ov]%ad[+ fe>1 ! horrible gulf1 ! black de/ruction4 ,9 all t makes x dea?1 x has be5 ! result ( s91 ( ! misdirection ( 8 aims & hopes4 ,_h man n s9n$ !re might1 inde$1 h be5 a passage f "o /ate to ano!r1 a physical dissolution1 a moral victory--b x w\ld n h be5 :at m5 h kn[n z 'dea?4' ,if ?is be ! "r way ( reg>d+ ! matt]1 z x is c]ta9ly p]missible1 we %all be able to e*o 9 all its bread? ,a?anasius's tea*+1 t s9 did n directly alt] ?+s1 b only our attitude t[>ds !m#fbi4 7c7 ,b1 once aga91 & = ! la/ "t1 ! oppon5t objects3 ',all ?is !ory ( orig9al s9 is built simply on ! supposition t ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,g5esis repres5t lit]al hi/ory4 ,x falls to ! gr\nd if !y are my? & n hi/ory4' ,once aga91 ?is is n at all ! case4 ,! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( s9 f9ds its *ief au?orisation 9 ,*ri/'s attitude t[>ds x4 ,s9 7if ,*ri/'s witness is true7 is n nature2 x does n repres5t ,god's int5tion1 b some?+ t has baffl$ = a "t ,god's int5tion1 some?+ t ,*ri/ is come to conqu]4 ,moreov]1 ?is doctr9e ( s9 is n a m]e dogma enunciat$ on ext]nal au?ority2 x f9ds its v]ification 9 exp]i5ce4 ,! moral exp]i5ce ( ,*ri/5dom confirms x1 & ?is exp]i5ce ( eighte5 c5turies reflects itself inevitably on ! :ole ( human life4 ,:at int]prets s9 )9 ?is area int]prets x ?r\gh ! :ole hi/ory4 ,) ?is au?ority ( ,*ri/1 v]ifi$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian exp]i5ce1 z 8 firm f\ndation1 ! ,*ri/ian does n hesitate to see 9 ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,g5esis ! action ( ! inspir+ ,_s4 ,x 0 only ! inspir+ ,_s ,:i* c\ld assure man t ! :ole univ]se 0 ( ,god's mak+ & v good1 t ! /ate 9 :i* he f\nd himself repres5t$ n 8 nature1 z ,god meant x to be1 b ! result ( 8 rebellion1 ! result1 moreov]1 :i* ,god meant to c\nt]-"w1 nay1 :i* 9 gradual process ,he 0 c\nt]-work+4 ,9 all ! acc\nt !n ( ! creation1 ( ! nature ( man1 ( ! orig9 ( s91 ! ,*ri/ian sees an action ( ! inspir+ ,_s4 ,he sees x all ! m :5 he comp>es ! record ( ,g5esis ) ^? :i* are p>allel to x 9 o!r races4 ,b if an ,ir5aeus1 a ,clem5t1 an ,a?anasius1 an ,anselm c\ld treat ! record or "p ( x z r allegorical ?an hi/orical1 we c use ! same lib]ty4 ,?is is n our pres5t subject4 ,all ,i want to make cle> is t ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( s9 re/s on a f> broad] & f> sur] f\ndation ?an ! belief t ! e>ly *apt]s ( ,g5esis belong to "o =m or /age ( inspir$ lit]ature r ?an to ano!r4 ,x re/s on ! /rong f\ndation ( ! au?ority ( our ,"l1 accept$ & v]ifi$ by man's moral consci\sness4 #fji ,a s]mon prea*$ be=e ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 at ,great ,/4 ,m>y's ,*ur*1 on ,sunday1 ,m>* #ag1 #ahhi1 by ! ,rev4 ,*>les ,gore1 & pr9t$ 9 ! ,gu>dian1 ,m>* #bg4 ,a p>agraph ( practical exhortation is omitt$ at ! end4 ,"s apology is no d\bt ne$$ = ! introduction ( a ,s]mon into a volume ( ,essays4 ,b x 0 felt 7#a7 t !re 0 "u ! circum/ances an advantage 9 produc+ :at 0 n writt5 9 view ( ! criticisms on ,lux ,mundi2 7#b7 t ! s]mon 0 n specially homiletic4 #faj ,! fir/ is t ( ! ,mani*aeans & "s ,gno/ics4 ,! second t ( ! ,platoni/s & o!r ,gno/ics4 ,b bo? ! !ories repres5t t5d5cies v commonly at "w bo? among ,ori5tals & 9 ,europe4 ,rec5tly ,john ,/u>t ,mill 0 dispos$ to embrace ! latt] !ory3 see ,?ree ,essays on ,religion1 #crd edition1 ,london1 #ahgd1 pp4 #eh1 #bdc4 #faa ,! ,s]vice ( ,man1 ,london1 #ahhg1 p4 #bie4 ,cf4 p4 #bic1 ',x w p]haps be said t ?is view does away ) moral responsibility4444 ,to :i* ! answ] is1 t ! soon] ! idea ( moral responsibility is got rid (1 ! bett] x w be = society & moral education4' #fab ,see1 = in/ance1 ,t]tullian1 de pa5it4 #c2 ,anselm1 ,cur ,deus ,homo1 i4 #aa4 #fac ,augu/9e1 de ,tr94 i4 #aj4 #ba4 #fad ,aug4 de mor4 ,man4 ii4 #c1 ',ut ab ess5tia deficiant et ad non esse t5dant8 quod malum g5]ale esse clamat v]issima ratio4' ,op4 imp4 c4 ,jul4 i4 #aad1 ',non enim pote/ esse ullum malum nisi 9 aliquo bono2 quia non pote/ esse nisi 9 aliqua natura2 omnis autem natura1 9 quantum natura e/1 bonum e/4' #fae ,= ref]5ces1 see p4 #bij1 note4 #faf ,rom4 v4 #f3 see ,godet's ,comm5t>y 9 loc4 ,cl>k's ,=eign ,!ol4 ,libr4 i4 p4 #daf2 & cf4 ,col4 ii4 #aa1 4 #fag ,s4 ,luke xvi4 #i4 #fah ,see ,orig51 ,c4 ,cels4 iv4 #fe-ff2 ,a?an4 ,c4 ,g5tes1 #f-g2 & cf4 ! index to ,s4 ,augu/9e s4 v4 malum4 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 z ea* individual id5tifies himself ) s91 x becomes '8 nature'3 a false nature1 obscur+ ! true1 b nev] annihilat+ x2 cf4 ,t]tullian1 de ,an4 #da1 ',naturae corruptio alia natura e/1' etc42 & ,b]n>d1 9 ,cant4 ,s]m4 #hb4 #b1--;admirable passages4 #fai ,see 9 ,mozley1 ,lectures1 etc41 x4 p4 #aei4 #fbj ,cf4 9 explanation ( ?is1 ! ,preface1 p4 xviii4 #fba ,!re is a fundam5tal mi/ake 9 ! popul> excuse = s5sual s9--t x is 'natural4' ,! mi/ake lies 9 ! idea t man's animal & spiritual natures are sep>able1 t he c live z pure animal 9 "o "p ( 8 life1 & pure _s 9 ano!r4 ,b z a fact man's life is only liv$ 'accord+ to nature1' :]e e "p ( x is liv$ '9 fle% & 9 _s'3 ! spiritual motive mu/ control ! bodily organ4 ,only s are 8 acts really human4 ,if he tries to act z a m]e animal he becomes s9ful4 ,! evid5ce ( ?is lies 9 ! fact t :ile ! physical nature ( animals conta9s )9 itself ! *eck on s5sual indulg5ce1 ! *eck 9 man's case lies 9 8 spiritual faculties4 ,y c h a 'dissipat$' man1 i4e4 a man ^: bodily impulses are uncontroll$ by w or _s2 y _c h a 'dissipat$' animal4 #fbb ,x is n int5d$ z a complete acc\nt1 cf4 ,rom4 ii4 #ad-ae4 #fbc ,9 answ] to ! "q :e!r ,adam 0 =m$ p]fect or imp]fect 1 ,clem5t replies3 ',!y %all le>n f u t he 0 n p]fect i4e4 complete 9 developm5t1 9 respect ( 8 creation1 b 9 a fit condition to receive virtue4' ,clem4 ,alex4 ,/rom4 vi4 #ab4 #if4 ,cp4 ,ir54 c4 ha]4 iv4 #ch4 #fbd ,b we c recognize t be=e civilisation _h develop$ ! *ecks :i* society supplies aga9/ abrupt det]ioration1 collapse into savag]y w\ld h be5 mu* m rapid ?an x c be 9 a m develop$ /ate4 #fbe ,cf4 ,aubrey ,moore's ,evolution & ,*ri/ianity 7,ox=d ,h\se ,pap]s71 pp4 #cb-c4 ',! *ange :i* took place at ! ,fall 0 a *ange 9 ! moral region2 b x c\ld n be )\t its effect else:]e4 ,ev5 ! k ( nature becomes confus$1 )\t ! gov]n+ tru? ( ! relation ( man to ,god4 ,! evolution :i* %\ld h be5 ! h>moni\s developm5t ( ! :ole man1 is *eck$ & imp$$ 9 "o "p1 & t ! highe/ "p ( 8 nature4 ,& !re=e1 9 spite ( all ! physical & intellectual advance :i* man has made1 he is always & ev]y:]e ! worse = ! ,fall4 ,h[ev] great 8 developm5t has be51 x is /ill a ret>d$ developm5t1 a developm5t sl[] ?an x ne$ h be51 less regul> & less sure ?an ,god meant x to be4' #fbf ,aug4 ,de g54 ad litt4 vi4 #cf1 ',mortalis erat conditione corporis animalis4' #fbg ,a?an4 de ,inc>n4 #d4 #fbh ,cf4 ,we/cott's ,ep4 to ! ,hebrews1 p4 #ed 7on ,hebr4 ii4 #af74 #fbi ,a?an4 ,c4 ,g5tes #g2 cf4 ,aug4 on ,g54 iii4 #ah 7,de ,g54 ad litt4 iii4 #ah1 #bh71 :]e x is said t x is difficult to suppose t '?orns & ?i/les' 7 fir/ produc$ on ! occasion ( s93 b we may und]/& t !y !n fir/ began to be ob/acles to man 9 ! cultivation ( ! gr\nd3 'sp9as et tribulos p>iet tibi4'