,john ,fiske's ,writ+s4 ,,my?s ,,& ,,my?-,,mak]s3 ,old ,tales & ,sup]/itions int]pret$ by ,comp>ative ,my?ology4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,cosmic ,,philosophy4 ,bas$ on ! ,doctr9es ( ,evolution1 ) ,criticisms on ! ,positive ,philosophy4 ,9 two volumes1 #hvo1 #f4jj4 ,,! ,,unse5 ,,_w1 & o!r ,essays4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,,excursions ,,( ,,an ,,evolutioni/4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,,d>w9ism1 & o!r ,essays4 #abmo1 #b4jj4 ,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,man1 view$ 9 ! ,light ( ,8 ,orig94 #afmo1 #a4jj4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,god1 z affect$ by ,mod]n ,k4 ,a ,sequel to ,! ,de/9y ( ,man4 #afmo1 #a4jj4 a/]ism ,= sale by all ,booksell]s4 ,s5t by mail1 po/-paid1 on receipt ( price1 by ! ,publi%]s1 ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,co41 ,,bo/on4 ,,am]ican ,,political ,,ideas1 view$ f ! ,/&-po9t ( ,univ]sal ,hi/ory4 #abmo1 #a4jj4 ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs1 ,new ,york4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,god ,,z ,,affect$ ,,by ,,mod]n ,,k ,illu/ration2 ,decorative symbol ,,by ,,john ,,fiske ,illu/ration2 ,decorative panel ,,bo/on ,,& ,,new ,,york ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,& ,,company ,! ,riv]side ,press1 ,cambridge #ahhf ,copyright1 #ahhe1 ,,by ,,john ,,fiske4 ,all rights res]v$4 ,! ,riv]side ,press1 ,cambridge3 ,electrotyp$ & ,pr9t$ by ,h4 ,o4 ,h\ghton ,co4 ,to ,,my ,,wife1 ,,9 ,,remembrance ,,( ,,! ,,sweet ,,sunday ,,morn+ ,,"u ,,! ,,apple-,,tree ,,on ,,! ,,hillside1 ,,:5 ,,we ,,two ,,sat ,,look+ ,,d[n ,,into ,,fairy ,,woodl& ,,pa?s1 ,,& ,,talk$ ,,( ,,! ,,?+s ,,s9ce ,,writt5 ,,9 ,,?is ,,little ,,book1 ,i n[ d$icate x4 99 99 99 99 99 ,arghyrion kai *rysion ou* hyp>*ei moi2 ho de e*1 t\to soi didmi4 ,,preface ,:5 ask$ to give a second address be=e ! ,concord ,s*ool ( ,philosophy1 ,i gladly accept$ ! invitation1 z af=d+ a prop] occasion = say+ c]ta9 ?+s :i* ,i _h = "s "t wi%$ to say ab\t !ism4 ,my address 0 design$ to introduce ! discussion ( ! "q :e!r pan!ism is ! legitimate outcome ( mod]n sci5ce4 ,x seem$ to me t ! object might be/ be atta9$ by pass+ 9 review ! v>i\s modifications :i* ! idea ( ,god has und]gone 9 ! pa/1 & po9t+ out ! %ape 9 :i* x is likely to survive ! rapid gr[? ( mod]n k1 & especially ! e/abli%m5t ( t great doctr9e ( evolution :i* is fa/ oblig+ u to revise our op9ions ^u all subjects :atsoev]4 ,hav+ ?us 9 ! text outl9$ ! idea ( ,god mo/ likely to be conceiv$ by m9ds tra9$ 9 ! doctr9e ( evolution1 ,i left x = fur!r discussion to decide :e!r ! t]m pan!ism c prop]ly be appli$ to su* a conception4 ,:ile mu* enlight5m5t may be got f c>efully describ+ ! sub/ance ( a philosophic doctr9e1 v little c be ga9$ by m]ely affix+ to x a label2 & ,i c\ld n b feel t my argum5t w\ld be simply encumb]$ by ! introduction ( any "q ( nom5clature involv+ su* a vague & un9/ructive epi!t z pan!ism4 ,su* epi!ts are (t5 reg>d$ ) fav\r & freely us$1 z seem+ to obviate ! necessity = t k9d ( lab\r to :i* mo/ p are mo/ av]se1--! lab\r ( su/a9$ & accurate ?9k+4 ,p are too apt to make su* g5]al t]ms d duty 9 place ( a c>eful exam9ation ( facts1 & are ?us sometimes l$ to /range conclusions4 ,:51 = example1 !y h he>d somebody call$ an agno/ic1 !y at once ?9k !y "k all ab\t him2 :]eas !y h v likely le>n$ no?+ t is ( ! slighte/ value 9 *>act]iz+ 8 op9ions or 8 m5tal attitude4 ,a t]m t c be appli$ at once to a ,comte1 a ,mansel1 & a ,huxley is obvi\sly ( little use 9 ! matt] ( def9ition4 ,b1 x may be ask$1 9 spite ( _! _w-wide diff]5ces1 d n ^! ?ree ?9k]s agree 9 hold+ t no?+ c be kn[n ab\t ! nature ( ,god8 ,p]haps s1--"o _c answ] ev5 ?is pla9 "q ) an unqualifi$ yes2 b1 grant+ t !y fully agree 9 ?is ass]tion ( ignorance1 nev]!less1 9 _! philosophic attitudes ) reg>d to ?is ignorance1 9 ! use !y sev]ally make ( ! ass]tion1 9 ! way x det]m9es _! inf]5ces ab\t all mann] ( o!r ?+s1 ! diff]5ces are s va/ t no?+ b m5tal confusion c come f a t]m9ology :i* w\ld cont5t itself by apply+ to all ?ree ! common epi!t agno/ic4 ,! case is simil> ) su* a ^w z pan!ism1 :i* has be5 famili>ly appli$ to s _m utt]ly div]se sy/ems ( ?\ght t x is v h>d to tell j :at x means4 ,x has be5 equally appli$ to ! doctr9e ( ! ,h9du philosoph]s ( ! or?odox ,brahmanical s*ools1 :o hold t all f9ite exi/5ce is an illusion1 & life m]e vexation & mi/ake1 a blund] or sorry je/ ( ! ,absolute2 & to ! doctr9e ( ! ,/oics1 :o w5t to ! o!r extreme1 & held t ! univ]se 0 ! product ( p]fect reason & 9 an absolute s5se good4 7,pollock's ,sp9oza1 p4 #cef47 ,9 rec5t times x has be5 commonly us$ z a vitup]ative epi!t1 & hurl$ indiscrim9ately at su* unpopul> op9ions z d n seem to call = s heavy a missile z ! m cruel t]m a!ism4 ,! writ] :o sets =? 9 pla9 sci5tific language a physical !ory ( ! univ]se is liable to be sc[l$ at & call$ an a!i/2 b1 :5 ! v same ideas are pres5t$ 9 ! =m ( oracul> apoph!gm or poetic rhapsody1 ! au?or is m g5tly describ$ z t9ctur$ ) pan!ism4 ,b out ( ! *aos ( vagu5ess 9 :i* ?is unhappy ^w has be5 imm]s$ x is p]haps /ill possible to extract some?+ l a def9ite mean+4 ,9 ! broade/ s5se !re are ?ree possible ways 9 :i* we may contemplate ! univ]se4 ,fir/1 we may reg>d ! _w ( ph5om5a z suffici5t unto itself1 & d5y t x ne$s to be ref]r$ to any und]ly+ & all-compreh5sive unity4 ,no?+ has an ultimate orig9 or de/9y2 !re is no dramatic t5d5cy 9 ! succession ( ev5ts1 nor any ultimate law to :i* ev]y?+ mu/ be ref]r$2 !re is no reasonabl5ess 9 ! univ]se save t ) :i* human fancy unw>rantably end[s x2 ! ev5ts ( ! _w h no ord]ly progression l ! sc5es ( a well-con/ruct$ plot1 b 9 ! mann] ( _! com+ & go+ !y con/itute simply :at ,*auncey ,wright s aptly call$ cosmical wea!r2 !y drift & eddy ab\t 9 an utt]ly bl9d & irrational mann]1 ?\gh n[ & !n evolv+1 z if by accid5t1 tempor>y comb9ations :i* h to u a rational appe>ance4 ,?is is ,a!ism1 pure & unqualifi$4 ,x recognizes no ,omnipres5t ,en]gy4 ,secondly1 we may hold t ! _w ( ph5om5a is utt]ly un9telligible unless ref]r$ to an und]ly+ & all-compreh5sive unity4 ,all ?+s are manife/ations ( an ,omnipres5t ,en]gy :i* _c be 9 any imag9able s5se p]sonal or an?ropomorphic2 out f ?is et]nal s\rce ( ph5om5a all individualities proce$1 & into x !y mu/ all ultimately return & be absorb$2 ! ev5ts ( ! _w h an ord]ly progression1 b n t[>d any goal recognizable by u2 9 ! process ( evolution !re is no?+ t f any po9t ( view c be call$ teleological2 ! beg9n+ & end ( ?+s--t :i* is ,alpha & ,omega--is m]ely an inscrutable ess5ce1 a =mless void4 ,su* a view z ?is may prop]ly be call$ ,pan!ism4 ,x recognizes an ,omnipres5t ,en]gy1 b virtually id5tifies x ) ! totality ( ?+s4 ,?irdly1 we may hold t ! _w ( ph5om5a is intelligible only :5 reg>d$ z ! multi=m manife/ation ( an ,omnipres5t ,en]gy t is 9 "s way--albeit 9 a way q above our f9ite compreh5sion--an?ropomorphic or quasi-p]sonal4 ,!re is a true objective reasonabl5ess 9 ! univ]se2 its ev5ts h an ord]ly progression1 &1 s f> z ^? ev5ts are br\ght suffici5tly )9 our k5 = u to g5]alize !m exhau/ively1 _! progression is t[>d a goal t is recognizable by human intellig5ce2 ! process ( evolution is itself ! work+ out ( a mighty ,teleology ( :i* our f9ite und]/&+s c fa?om b ! scantie/ rudim5ts 7,cosmic ,philosophy1 vol4 ii4 p4 #djf72 x is inde$ b imp]fectly t we c describe ! dramatic t5d5cy 9 ! succession ( ev5ts1 b we c see en\gh to assure u ( ! fundam5tal fact t !re is su* a t5d5cy2 & ?is t5d5cy is ! objective aspect ( t :i*1 :5 reg>d$ on its subjective side1 we call ,purpose4 ,su* a !ory ( ?+s is ,!ism4 ,x recognizes an ,omnipres5t ,en]gy1 :i* is none o!r ?an ! liv+ ,god4 ,x is ?is !i/ic doctr9e :i* ,i hold myself1 & :i* 9 ! pres5t essay ,i h s\ght to exhibit z ! legitimate outcome ( mod]n sci5tific ?\ght4 ,i 0 glad to h su* an excell5t occasion = return+ to ! subject z ! invitation f ,concord gave me1 because 9 a =m] attempt to exp\nd ! same doctr9e ,i d n seem to h succe$$ 9 mak+ myself und]/ood4 ,9 my ,outl9es ( ,cosmic ,philosophy1 publi%$ 9 #ahgd1 ,i endeav\r$ to set =? a !ory ( !ism id5tical ) t :i* is set =? 9 ! pres5t essay4 ,b an acute & le>n$ fri5d1 writ+ "u ! pseudonym ( ,physicus1 9 8 ,c&id ,exam9ation ( ,!ism 7,london1 #ahgh71 ?us criticizes my !ory3 ,9 x1 he says1 :ile ,i am able to disc]n ! elem5ts :i* ,i ?9k may prop]ly be reg>d$ z common to ,!ism & to ,a!ism1 ,i am n able to disc]n any s+le elem5t t is specifically di/9ctive ( ,!ism 7p4 #ade74 ,! reason = ! inability ( ,physicus to disc]n any su* specifically di/9ctive elem5t is t he misund]/&s me z propos+ to dive/ ! !i/ic idea ( e %r$ ( an?ropomorphism1 :ile /ill call+ x a !i/ic idea4 ,?is1 he ?9ks1 w\ld be an utt]ly illegitimate proce$+1 & ,i q agree ) him4 ,9 simil> wise my fri5d ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,pollock1 9 8 admirable "w on ,sp9oza 7,london1 #ahhj71 obs]ves t ,mr4 ,fiske's doctr9e excludes ! belief 9 a s-call$ ,p]sonal ,god1 & ! p>ticul> =ms ( religi\s emotion dep5d5t on x 7p4 #cef74 ,if ! fir/ "p ( ?is s5t5ce /ood alone1 ,i might pause to inquire h[ mu* latitude ( mean+ may be convey$ 9 ! expression s-call$2 is x meant t ,i exclude ! belief 9 a ,p]sonal ,god z x 0 held by ,augu/9e & ,paley1 or z x 0 held by ,clem5t & ,s*lei]ma*]1 or bo?8 ,b ! second clause ( ! s5t5ce seems to furni% ! answ]2 x seems to imply t ,i w\ld practically d away ) ,!ism altoge!r4 ,su* a s]i\s mis/atem5t ( my position1 made 9 p]fect good fai? by two ?9k]s s conspicu\s = ability & c&\r1 %[s t1 9 spite ( all ! elaborate c>e ) :i* ! case 0 /at$ 9 ,cosmic ,philosophy1 "s fur!r explanation is ne$$4 ,x is true t !re are expressions 9 t "w :i*1 tak5 s+ly & by !mselves1 might seem to imply a total rejection ( !ism4 ,su* expressions occur *iefly 9 ! *apt] entitl$ ,an?ropomorphic ,!ism1 :]e great pa9s are tak5 to %[ ! inadequacy ( ! ,paley argum5t f design1 & to po9t out ! insup]able difficulties 9 :i* we are entangl$ by ! conception ( a ,p]sonal ,god z x is held by ! great majority ( mod]n !ologians :o h d]iv$ x f ,plato & ,augu/9e4 ,9 ! succe$+ *apt]s1 h[ev]1 x is expressly argu$ t ! total elim9ation ( an?ropomorphism f ! idea ( ,god is impossible4 ,!re are "s :o1 recogniz+ t ! ideas ( ,p]sonality & ,inf9ity are un?9kable 9 comb9ation1 seek to escape ! difficulty by speak+ ( ,god z ! ,inf9ite ,p[]2 t is1 in/ead ( a symbol d]iv$ f our notion ( human consci\sness1 !y employ a symbol d]iv$ f our notion ( =ce 9 g5]al4 ,= _m philosophic purposes ! device is em95tly useful2 b x %\ld n be =gott5 t1 :ile ! =m ( our exp]i5ce ( ,p]sonality does n all[ u to conceive x z inf9ite1 x is equally true t ! =m ( our exp]i5ce ( ,=ce does n all[ u to conceive x z inf9ite1 s9ce we "k =ce only z antagoniz$ by o!r =ce4 ,s9ce1 moreov]1 our notion ( =ce is purely a g5]alization f our subjective s5sations ( ef=t ov]com+ resi/ance1 !re is sc>cely less an?ropomorphism lurk+ 9 ! phrase ,inf9ite ,p[] ?an 9 ! phrase ,inf9ite ,p]son4 ,n[ 9 ,cosmic ,philosophy ,i argue t ! pres5ce ( ,god is ! "o all-p]vad+ fact ( life1 f :i* !re is no escape2 t :ile 9 ! deepe/ s5se ! nature ( ,deity is unkn[able by f9ite ,man1 nev]!less ! exig5cies ( our ?9k+ oblige u to symbolize t nature 9 "s =m t has a real mean+ = u2 & t we _c symbolize t nature z 9 any wise physical1 b are b\nd to symbolize x z 9 "s way psy*ical4 ,i d n "h repeat ! argum5ts1 b simply /ate ! conclusions4 ,! f9al conclusion 7vol4 ii4 p4 #ddi7 is t we mu/ n say t ,god is ,=ce1 s9ce su* a phrase inevitably calls up ^? pan!i/ic notions ( bl9d necessity1 :i* x is my express desire to avoid2 b1 always be>+ 9 m9d ! symbolic "* ( ! words1 we may say t ,god is ,_s4 ,h[ my belief 9 ! p]sonality ( ,god c\ld be m /rongly express$ )\t entirely des]t+ ! language ( mod]n philosophy & tak+ refuge 9 pure my?ology1 ,i am unable to see4 ,!re are two po9ts 9 ! pres5t essay :i* ,i hope w s]ve to def9e m completely ! k9d ( !ism :i* ,i h tri$ to pres5t z compatible ) ! doctr9e ( evolution4 ,"o is ! hi/oric contra/ betwe5 an?ropomorphic & cosmic !ism reg>d$ 9 _! modes ( g5esis1 & especially z exemplifi$ )9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur* 9 ! v diff]5t me?ods & results ( ,augu/9e on ! "o h& & ,a?anasius on ! o!r4 ,! view :i* ,i h v5tur$ to designate z cosmic !ism is no inv5tion ( m9e2 9 its mo/ ess5tial features x has be5 ent]ta9$ by "s ( ! pr(\nde/ ?9k]s ( ,*ri/5dom 9 anci5t & mod]n times1 f ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria to ,less+ & ,goe! & ,s*lei]ma*]4 ,! o!r po9t is ! teleological inf]5ce drawn f ! argum5t ( my fir/ ,concord address on ,! ,de/9y ( ,man1 view$ 9 ! ,light ( 8 ,orig94 ,:5 t address 0 publi%$1 a ye> ago1 ,i 0 surpris$ to f9d x q commonly reg>d$ z indicat+ "s radical *ange ( attitude on my "p1--a conv]sion1 p]haps1 f "o set ( op9ions to ano!r4 ,inasmu* z ! argum5t 9 ! ,de/9y ( ,man 0 bas$ 9 e "o ( its p>ts ^u argum5ts already publi%$ 9 ,cosmic ,philosophy 7#ahgd71 & 9 ! ,unse5 ,_w 7#ahgf71 ,i naturally c\ld n und]/& :y ! lat] book %\ld impress p s diff]5tly f ! e>li] ones4 ,x pres5tly appe>$1 h[ev]1 t none ( my fri5ds :o _h /udi$ ! e>li] books _h detect$ any su* *ange ( attitude2 x 0 only p :o knew little or no?+ ab\t me1 or else ! newspap]s4 ,:5ce ! inf]5ce seem$ obvi\s t _m read]s ( ! ,de/9y ( ,man mu/ h contra/$ x1 n ) my e>li] books :i* !y _h n read1 b ) "s vague & di/ort$ notion ab\t my views :i* _h gr[n up 7,heav5 kn[s h[ or :y67 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! press2 & ?us !re might h be5 produc$ ! impression t ^? views _h und]gone a radical *ange4 ,x w\ld be little to my cr$it1 h[ev]1 _h my views ( ! doctr9e ( evolution & its implications und]gone no developm5t or enl>gem5t s9ce ! publication ( ,cosmic ,philosophy4 ,to c>ry su* a subject ab\t 9 "o's m9d = t5 ye>s1 )\t hav+ any new ?\ghts ab\t x1 w\ld h>dly be a pro( ( fitness = philosophiz+4 ,i h = "s "t be5 aw>e ( a %ortcom+ 9 ! e>li] "w1 :i* x is ! purpose ( ^! two ,concord addresses 9 "s measure to rem$y4 ,t %ortcom+ 0 an imp]fect appreciation ( ! goal t[>d :i* ! process ( evolution is t5d+1 & a consequ5t failure to /ate adequately h[ ! doctr9e ( evolution mu/ affect our e/imate ( ,man's place 9 ,nature4 ,no?+ ( fundam5tal importance 9 ,cosmic ,philosophy ne$$ *ang+1 b a new *apt] ne$$ to be writt51 9 ord] to %[ h[ ! doctr9e ( evolution1 by exhibit+ ! developm5t ( ! highe/ spiritual human qualities z ! goal t[>d :i* ,god's creative "w has f ! outset be5 t5d+1 replaces ,man 9 8 old position ( head%ip 9 ! univ]se1 ev5 z 9 ! days ( ,dante & ,aqu9as4 ,t :i* ! pre-,cop]nican a/ronomy naively ?\ght to d by plac+ ! home ( ,man 9 ! c5tre ( ! physical univ]se1 ! ,d>w9ian biology pr(\ndly accompli%es by exhibit+ ,man z ! t]m9al fact 9 t /up5d\s process ( evolution :]eby ?+s h come to be :at !y are4 ,9 ! deepe/ s5se x is z true z x ev] 0 held to be1 t ! _w 0 made = ,man1 & t ! br++ =? 9 him ( ^? qualities :i* we call highe/ & holie/ is ! f9al cause ( creation4 ,! argum5ts ^u :i* ?is conclusion re/s1 z !y are set =? 9 ! ,de/9y ( ,man & epitomiz$ 9 ! conclud+ section ( ! pres5t essay1 may all be f\nd 9 ,cosmic ,philosophy2 b ,i fail$ to sum !m up !re & indicate ! conclusion1 almo/ )9 rea*1 :i* ,i _h n q cle>ly seiz$4 ,:51 aft] long hov]+ 9 ! backgr\nd ( consci\sness1 x sudd5ly fla%$ ^u me two ye>s ago1 x came ) su* vividness z to seem l a revelation4 ,?is conclusion z to ! implications ( ! doctr9e ( evolution conc]n+ ,man's place 9 ,nature supplies ! elem5t want+ 9 ! !i/ic !ory set =? 9 ,cosmic ,philosophy1--! teleological elem5t4 ,x is pr(\ndly true t a !ory ( ?+s may seem !i/ic or a!i/ic 9 virtue ( :at x says ( ,man1 no less ?an 9 virtue ( :at x says ( ,god4 ,! crav+ = a f9al cause is s deeply root$ 9 human nature t no doctr9e ( !ism :i* fails to satisfy x c seem o!r ?an lame & ineffective4 ,9 writ+ ,cosmic ,philosophy ,i fully realiz$ ?is :51 9 ! mid/ ( ! argum5t aga9/ ,paley's =m ( !ism1 ,i said t ! process ( evolution is itself ! work+ out ( a mighty ,teleology ( :i* our f9ite und]/&+s c fa?om b ! scantie/ rudim5ts4 ,nev]!less1 :ile ! :ole mom5tum ( my ?\ght c>ri$ me to ! conviction t x mu/ be s1 ,i 0 n yet able to indicate h[ x is s1 & ,i accord+ly left ! subject ) ?is brief & inadequate h9t4 ,c\ld ! po9t h be5 work$ out !n & !re1 ,i ?9k x w\ld h left no d\bt 9 ! m9ds ( ,physicus & ,mr4 ,pollock z to ! true "* ( ,cosmic ,!ism4 ,b hold1 cries ! sci5tific inquir]1 :at 9 ! _w are y do+8 ,are we aga9 to resuscitate ! phantom ,teleology1 :i* we _h suppos$ at la/ safely buri$ betwe5 cross-roads & p9n$ d[n ) a /ake8 ,0 n ,bacon "r 9 *>act]iz+ f9al causes z ve/al virg9s1 s b>r5 has _! /udy prov$8 ,& has n ,huxley1 ) yet ke5] s>casm1 designat$ !m ! hetair ( philosophy1 s (t5 h !y l$ m5 a/ray8 ,v true4 ,i d n wi% to take back a s+le ^w ( all t ,i h said 9 my *apt] on ,an?ropomorphic ,!ism 9 condemnation ( ! teleological me?od & ! peculi> !i/ic doctr9es ^u :i* x re/s4 ,z a means ( inve/igation x is absolutely wor?less4 ,nay1 x is worse ?an wor?less2 x is trea*]\s1 x is debau*+ to ! intellect4 ,b t is no reason :y1 :5 a di/9ct dramatic t5d5cy 9 ! ev5ts ( ! univ]se appe>s z ! result ( purely sci5tific inve/igation1 we %\ld refuse to recognize x4 ,x is ! object ( ! ,de/9y ( ,man to prove t !re is su* a dramatic t5d5cy2 & :ile su* a t5d5cy _c be reg>d$ z indicative ( purpose 9 ! limit$ an?ropomorphic s5se1 x is /ill1 z ,i said be=e1 ! objective aspect ( t :i*1 :5 reg>d$ on its subjective side1 we call ,purpose4 ,!re is a reasonabl5ess 9 ! univ]se su* z to indicate t ! ,inf9ite ,p[] ( :i* x is ! multi=m manife/ation is psy*ical1 ?\gh x is impossible to ascribe to ,him any ( ! limit$ psy*ical attributes :i* we "k1 or to argue f ! ways ( ,man to ! ways ( ,god4 ,=1 z ,/4 ,paul rem9ds u1 :o ha? kn[n ! m9d ( ! ,"l1 or :o ha? be5 8 c\nsellor8 ,x is 9 ?is s5se t ,i accept ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s doctr9e ( ! ,unkn[able4 ,h[ f> my int]pretation agrees ) 8 own ,i d n und]take to say4 ,on su* an ab/ruse matt] x is be/ t "o %\ld simply speak = "o's self4 ,b 9 8 rec5t essay on ,retrogressive ,religion he uses expressions :i* imply a doctr9e ( !ism ess5tially simil> to t "h ma9ta9$4 ,! inf9ite & et]nal ,en]gy f :i* all ?+s proce$1 & :i* is ! same p[] t 9 ourselves wells up "u ! =m ( consci\sness1 is c]ta9ly ! p[] :i* is "h recogniz$ z ,god4 ,! t]m ,unkn[able ,i h c>efully refra9$ f us+2 x does n occur 9 ! text ( ?is essay4 ,x describes only "o aspect ( ,deity1 b x has be5 seiz$ ^u by %all[ writ]s ( e s*ool1 treat$ z if fully synonym\s ) ,deity1 & made ! !me ( ! mo/ dismal twaddle t ! _w has be5 delug$ ) s9ce ! days ( m$ival s*ola/icism4 ,! late/ in/ance is ! wret*$ positivi/ rubbi% :i* ,mr4 ,fr$]ic ,h>rison has mi/ak5 = criticism1 & to :i* x is almo/ a pity t ,mr4 ,sp5c] %\ld h felt call$ ^u to wa/e 8 valuable "t 9 reply+4 ,t :i* ,mr4 ,sp5c] ?r\gh\t all 8 works reg>ds z ! ,all-,be+1 ! ,p[] ( :i* our lives1 alike physical & m5tal1 9 common ) all ! activities1 organic & inorganic1 amid :i* we live1 are b ! work+s1--?is omnipres5t ,p[] x pleases ,mr4 ,h>rison to call ! ,all-,no?+ness1 to describe x z a logical =mula begott5 9 controv]sy1 dwell+ ap>t f man & ! _w 7:atev] all t may mean71 & to imag9e its wor%ipp]s z ?us address+ x 9 pray]1 ,o xn1 love u1 help u1 make u "o ) !e6 ,if ,mr4 ,h>rison's aim 7 to und]/&1 r ?an to misrepres5t1 ! religi\s attitude :i* goes ) su* a conception ( ,deity z ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s1 he c\ld n[h]e f9d x m happily express$ ?an 9 ^! wond]ful l9es ( ,goe!3-- ,weltseele1 komm1 uns zu dur*dr+56 ,dann mit dem ,weltgei/ selb/ zu r+5 ,wird unsr] ,krfte ,ho*b]uf4 ,!ilnehm5d fhr5 gute ,gei/]1 ,gel9de leit5d1 h*/e ,mei/]1 ,zu dem d] alles s*afft und s*uf4 ,mr4 ,h>rison is enabl$ to p]=m 8 antics simply because he happ5s to h su* a ^w z ,unkn[able to play )4 ,yet ! ^w :i* has be5 put to su* unseemly uses is1 :5 prop]ly und]/ood1 ( ! highe/ value 9 !i/ic philosophy4 ,t ,deity p] se is n only unkn[n b unkn[able is a tru? :i* ,mr4 ,sp5c] has illu/rat$ ) all ! res\rces ( t psy*ologic analysis ( :i* he is incomp>ably ! greate/ ma/] ! _w has ev] se52 b x is n a tru? :i* orig9at$ ) him1 or ! demon/ration ( :i* is tantam\nt1 z ,mr4 ,h>rison w\ld h u believe1 to ! de/ruction ( all religion4 ,among all ! ,*ri/ian !ologians t h liv$1 !re are few high] names ?an ,a?anasius1 :o also reg>d$ ,deity p] se z unkn[able1 be+ reveal$ to mank9d only ?r\gh inc>nation 9 ,*ri/4 ,x is n z fail+ to recognize its value t ,i h refra9$ 9 ?is essay f us+ ! t]m ,unkn[able2 x is because s _m false & /upid inf]5ces h be5 drawn f ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s use ( ! ^w t x seem$ wor? :ile to %[ h[ a doctr9e ess5tially simil> to 8 might be exp\nd$ )\t introduc+ x4 ,= fur!r elucidation ,i w simply repeat 9 ?is connection :at ,i wrote long ago3 ,x is en\gh to rem9d ! read] t ,deity is unkn[able j 9 s f> z x is n manife/$ to consci\sness ?r\gh ! ph5om5al _w1--kn[able j 9 s f> z x is ?us manife/$3 unkn[able 9 s f> z inf9ite & absolute1--kn[able 9 ! ord] ( its ph5om5al manife/ations2 kn[able1 9 a symbolic way1 z ! ,p[] :i* is disclos$ 9 e ?rob ( ! mighty rhy?mic life ( ! univ]se2 kn[able z ! et]nal ,s\rce ( a ,moral ,law :i* is implicat$ ) ea* action ( our lives1 & 9 ob$i5ce to :i* lies our only gu>anty ( ! happ9ess :i* is incorruptible1 & :i* nei!r inevitable mis=tune nor unm]it$ obloquy c take away4 ,?us1 ?\gh we may n by se>*+ f9d out ,god1 ?\gh we may n compass inf9itude or atta9 to absolute k1 we may at lea/ "k all t x conc]ns u to "k1 z intellig5t & responsible be+s4 ,!y :o seek to "k m ?an ?is1 to transc5d ! conditions "u :i* alone is k possible1 are1 9 ,goe!'s pr(\nd language1 z wise z little *ildr5 :o1 :5 !y h look$ into a mirror1 turn x ar\nd to see :at is beh9d x4 7,cosmic ,philosophy1 vol4 ii4 p4 #dgj47 99 99 99 99 99 ,! pres5t essay mu/ be reg>d$ z a sequel to ! ,de/9y ( ,man1--s mu* s t ! =ce ( ! argum5t 9 ! conclud+ section c h>dly be appreciat$ )\t ref]5ce to ! o!r book4 ,! two books1 tak5 toge!r1 conta9 ! b>e outl9es ( a !ory ( religion :i* ,i e>ne/ly hope at "s future "t to /ate elaborately 9 a "w on ! true nature ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,"s su* s*eme _h begun vaguely to dawn ^u my m9d :5 ,i 0 f\rte5 ye>s old1 & ?\ght 9 ! language ( ! rigid ,calv9i/ic or?odoxy !n preval5t 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,aft] _m & ext5sive *anges ( op9ion1 ! idea assum$ def9ite %ape 9 ! autumn ( #ahfi1 :5 ,i conceiv$ ! plan ( a book to be entitl$ ,jesus ( ,naz>e? & ! ,f\nd+ ( ,*ri/ianity1--a "w int5d$ to deal on ! "o h& ) ! natural g5esis ( ! complex aggregate ( beliefs & aspirations kn[n z ,*ri/ianity1 & on ! o!r h& ) ! metamorphoses :i* are be+ wr\ght 9 ?is aggregate by mod]n k & mod]n !ories ( ! univ]se4 ,su* a book1 involv+ a treatm5t bo? hi/orical & philosophical1 requires long & v>i$ prep>ation2 & ,i h always reg>d$ my o!r books1 publi%$ f "t to "t1 z simply wayside /udies prelim9>y to ! und]tak+ ( ?is complicat$ & difficult task4 ,:ile ?us habitually %ap+ my "w ) ref]5ce to ?is *]i%$ idea1 ,i h writt5 "s ?+s :i* are 9 a special s5se relat$ to x4 ,! rude outl9es ( a v small portion ( ! hi/orical treatm5t are conta9$ 9 ! essays on ,! ,jesus ( ,hi/ory1 & ,! ,*ri/ ( ,dogma1 publi%$ 9 ! volume entitl$ ,! ,unse5 ,_w1 & ,o!r ,essays4 ,! outl9es ( ! philosophical treatm5t are p>tially set =? 9 ! ,de/9y ( ,man & 9 ! pres5t "w4 ,x amus$ me to see t almo/ e review ( ! ,de/9y ( ,man took pa9s to /ate t x 0 my ,concord address rewritt5 & exp&$4 ,su* trifles help "o to und]/& ! helt]-skelt] way 9 :i* m important ?+s get said & believ$4 ,! ,de/9y ( ,man 0 pr9t$ exactly z x 0 deliv]$ at ,concord1 )\t ! addition1 or subtraction1 or alt]ation ( a s+le ^w4 ,! case is ! same ) ! pres5t "w4 ,,pet]%am1 ,septemb] #f1 #ahhe4 ,,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,difficulty ( express+ ! ,idea ( ,god s t x c be readily und]/ood #ce ,,ii4 ,! ,rapid ,gr[? ( ,mod]n ,k #df ,,iii4 ,s\rces ( ! ,!i/ic ,idea #fb ,,iv4 ,developm5t ( ,mono!ism #gb ,v4 ,! ,idea ( ,god z imman5t 9 ! ,_w #ha ,,vi4 ,! ,idea ( ,god z remote f ! ,_w #hg ,,vii4 ,conflict betwe5 ! ,two ,ideas1 commonly misund]/ood z a ,conflict betwe5 ,religion & ,sci5ce #ig ,,viii4 ,an?ropomorphic ,conceptions ( ,god #aaa ,,ix4 ,! ,argum5t f ,design #aah ,x4 ,simile ( ! ,wat* replac$ by ,simile ( ! ,fl[] #abh ,,xi4 ,! ,crav+ = a ,f9al ,cause #acd ,,xii4 ,symbolic ,conceptions #adj ,,xiii4 ,! ,et]nal ,s\rce ( ,ph5om5a #add ,,xiv4 ,! ,p[] t makes = ,righte\sness #aeh ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,god4 ,i4 ,difficulty ( express+ ! ,idea ( ,god s t x c be readily und]/ood4 ,9 ,goe!'s great poem1 :ile ,fau/ is walk+ ) ,m>g>et at ev5tide 9 ! g>d51 %e asks him que/ions ab\t 8 religion4 ,x is long s9ce he has be5 %riv5 or att5d$ mass2 does he1 !n1 believe 9 ,god8--a "q easy to answ] ) a simple yes1 7 x n = ! =m 9 :i* x is put4 ,! great s*ol> & subtle ?9k]1 :o has delv$ 9 ! deepe/ m9es ( philosophy & come =? we>y & heavy-lad5 ) _! boa/$ treasures1 has fram$ a v diff]5t conception ( ,god f t ent]ta9$ by ! prie/ at ! confessional or ! alt>1 & h[ is he to make ?is intelligible to ! simple-m9d$ girl t walks by 8 side8 ,:o w make bold to decl>e t he c grasp an idea ( su* ov]:elm+ va/ness z ! idea ( ,god1 yet :o t ha? ! feel+s ( a man c br+ himself to ca/ away a belief t is indisp5sable to ! rational & heal?ful work+s ( ! m9d8 ,s long z ! tranquil dome ( heav5 is rais$ above our heads & ! firm-set e>? is spread =? b5ea? our feet1 :ile ! ev]la/+ />s c\rse 9 _! mighty orbits & ! lov] gazes ) ineffable t5d]ness into ! eyes ( h] t loves him1 s long1 says ,fau/1 mu/ our he>ts g out t[>d ,him t upholds & comprises all4 ,"n or describe z we may ! ,su/a9] ( ! _w1 ! et]nal fact rema9s !re1 f> above our compreh5sion1 yet cle>e/ & mo/ real ( all facts4 ,to "n & describe x1 to br+ x )9 ! =mulas ( !ory or cre$1 is b to veil its glory z :5 ! brightness ( heav5 is en%r\d$ 9 mi/ & smoke4 ,?is has a pleasant s\nd to ,m>g>et's e>s4 ,x rem9ds h] ( :at ! p>son sometimes says1 ?\gh c\*$ 9 v diff]5t phrases2 & yet %e rema9s uneasy & unsatisfi$4 ,h] m9d is b5umb$ by ! pres5ce ( an idea confess$ly too great to be grasp$4 ,%e feels ! ne$ ( "s concrete symbol t c be readily appreh5d$2 & %e hopes t h] lov] has n be5 le>n+ bad lessons f ,mephi/opheles4 ,! difficulty :i* "h besets ,m>g>et mu/ d\btless h be5 felt by e "o :5 confront$ ) ! ?\ghts by :i* ! highe/ human m9ds h endeav\r$ to disclose ! hidd5 life ( ! univ]se & int]pret its mean+4 ,x is a difficulty :i* baffles _m1 & !y :o surm\nt x are few inde$4 ,mo/ p cont5t !mselves ?r\gh life ) a set ( concrete =mulas conc]n+ ,deity1 & vitup]ate z a!i/ic all conceptions :i* refuse to be compress$ )9 ! n>r[ limits ( _! cre$4 ,= ! great mass ( m5 ! idea ( ,god is q ov]laid & obscur$ by innum]able symbolic rites & doctr9es t h gr[n up 9 ! c\rse ( ! long hi/oric developm5t ( religion4 ,all su* rites & doctr9es _h a mean+ once1 beautiful & inspir+ or t]rible & =bidd+1 & _m ( !m /ill reta9 x4 ,b :e!r mean+less or fraught ) significance1 m5 h wildly clung to !m z %ipwreck$ m>9]s cl+ to ! drift+ sp>s t alone give promise ( rescue f ?reat5+ dea?4 ,su* concrete symbols h 9 all ages be5 argu$ & f\ght = until !y h come to seem ! ess5tials ( religion2 & new moons & sabba?s1 decrees ( c\ncils & articles ( fai?1 h usurp$ ! place ( ! liv+ ,god4 ,9 e age ! !ory or discov]y--h[ev] pr(\ndly !i/ic 9 its real import--:i* has ?r[n discr$it ^u su* symbols has be5 /igmatiz$ z subv]sive ( religion1 & its adh]5ts h be5 revil$ & p]secut$4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 inevitable t ?is %\ld be s4 ,to ! half-educat$ m9d a !ory ( div9e action c\*$ 9 ! =m ( a leg5d1 9 :i* ,god is depict$ z ent]ta9+ human purposes & sway$ by human passions1 is n only intelligible1 b impressive4 ,x awak5s emotion1 x speaks to ! he>t1 x ?reat5s ! s9n] ) wra? to come or heals ! w\nd$ _s ) sweet :isp]s ( consolation4 ,h[ev] my?ical ! =m 9 :i* x is pres5t$1 h[ev] lit]ally false ! /atem5ts ( :i* x is compos$1 x seems pr(\ndly real & sub/antial4 ,j 9 s f> z x is crudely concrete1 j 9 s f> z its t]ms c be vividly realiz$ by ! ord9>y m9d1 does su* a !ological !ory seem weighty & true4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a !ory ( div9e action :i*1 disc>d+ z f> z possible ! aid ( concrete symbols1 attempts to include )9 its range ! endlessly complex op]ations t are =ev] go+ on ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ! kn[able univ]se1--su* a !ory is to ! ord9>y m9d un9telligible4 ,x awak5s no emotion because x is n und]/ood4 ,?\gh x may be ! ne>e/ approximation to ! tru? ( :i* ! human intellect is at ! pres5t mom5t capable1 ?\gh ! /atem5ts ( :i* x is compos$ may be firmly bas$ ^u demon/rat$ facts 9 nature1 x w nev]!less seem em95tly unreal & un9t]e/+4 ,! dulle/ peasant c und]/& y :5 y tell him t honey is sweet1 :ile a /atem5t t ! ratio ( ! circumf]5ce ( a circle to its diamet] may be express$ by ! =mula p #c4adaei w s\nd z gibb]i% 9 8 e>s2 yet ! tru? embodi$ 9 ! latt] /atem5t is f> m closely implicat$ ) e act ( ! peasant's life1 if he only knew x1 ?an ! tru? express$ 9 ! =m]4 ,s ! m]e/ *ild may "k en\gh to m>vel at ! ,hebrew leg5d ( ! burn+ bu%1 b only ! ripe/ s*ol> c beg9 to und]/& ! "* ( ! mighty problems ) :i* ,sp9oza 0 grappl+ :5 he _h s mu* to say ab\t natura naturans & natura naturata4 ,= ^! reasons all attempts to /udy ,god z reveal$ 9 ! work+s ( ! visible univ]se1 & to *>act]ize ! div9e activity 9 t]ms d]iv$ f su* /udy1 h met ) disc\ragem5t1 if n ) obloquy4 ,z sub/itut+ a less easily compreh5sible =mula = "o t is m easily compreh5sible1 !y seem to be fritt]+ away ! idea ( ,god1 & r$uc+ x to an empty ab/raction4 ,!re is a fur!r reason = ! dread ) :i* su* /udies are commonly reg>d$4 ,! !ories ( div9e action accept$ z or?odox by ! m5 ( any age h be5 bequea!d to !m by _! =efa!rs ( an e>li] age4 ,!y 7 orig9ally fram$ ) ref]5ce to assum$ facts ( nature :i* advanc+ k is cont9ually discr$it+ & ?r[+ aside4 ,ea* =w>d /ep 9 physical sci5ce obliges u to contemplate ! univ]se f a some:at alt]$ po9t ( view1 s t ! mutual relations ( its p>ts keep *ang+ z 9 an ev]-%ift+ l&scape4 ,! notions ( ! _w & its ,mak] ) :i* we />t$ by & by prove meagre & unsatisfy+2 !y no long] fit 9 ) ! g5]al s*eme ( our k4 ,h5ce ! m5 :o are w$d$ to ! old notions are quick to s\nd ! al>m4 ,!y w\ld fa9 det] u f tak+ ! =w>d /ep :i* c>ries u to a new /&po9t4 ,bew>e ( sci5ce1 !y cry1 le/ ) its dazzl+ discov]ies & adv5tur\s speculations x rob u ( our s\l's com=t & leave u 9 a godless _w4 ,su* 9 e age has be5 ! cry ( ! m timid & halt+ spirits2 & _! fe>s h f\nd app>5t confirmation 9 ! behavi\r ( a v diff]5t class ( ?9k]s4 ,z !re are ^? :o live 9 p]petual dread ( ! "t :5 sci5ce %all bani% ,god f ! _w1 s1 on ! o!r h&1 !re are ^? :o look =w>d ) long+ to su* a "t1 & 9 _! impati5ce are cont9ually />t+ up & proclaim+ t at la/ x has come4 ,!re are ^? :o h inde$ le>n$ a lesson f ,mephi/opheles1 ! _s t =ev] d5ies4 ,^! are !y t say 9 _! he>ts1 ,!re is no ,god1 & congratulate !mselves t !y are go+ to die l ! bea/s4 ,ru%+ into ! holie/ arcana ( philosophy1 ev5 :]e angels fe> to tread1 !y lay hold ( ea* new discov]y 9 sci5ce t modifies our view ( ! univ]se1 & h]ald x z a cr[n+ victory = ! mat]iali/s1--a victory :i* is u%]+ 9 ! happy day :5 a!ism is to be ! cre$ ( all m54 ,x is 9 view ( su* philosophiz]s t ! a/ronom]1 ! *emi/1 or ! anatomi/1 ^: aim is ! dispassionate exam9ation ( evid5ce & ! unbias$ /udy ( ph5om5a1 may fitly utt] ! pray]1 ,"l1 save me f my fri5ds6 ,?us ?r\gh age aft] age has x f>$ ) m5's discov]ies 9 sci5ce1 & ) _! ?\ghts ab\t ,god & ! s\l4 ,x 0 s 9 ! days ( ,galileo & ,newton1 & we h f\nd x to be s 9 ! days ( ,d>w9 & ,sp5c]4 ,! !ologian exclaims1 if planets are held 9 place by gravitation & tang5tial mom5tum1 & if ! highe/ =ms ( life h be5 develop$ by natural selection & direct adaptation1 !n ! univ]se is sway$ by bl9d =ces1 & no?+ is left = ,god to d3 h[ impi\s & t]rible ! ?\ght6 ,ev5 s1 e*oes ! fav\rite a!i/1 ! ,lamettrie or ,b*n] ( ! day2 ! univ]se1 x seems1 has always got on )\t a ,god1 & accord+ly !re is none3 h[ noble & *e]+ ! ?\ght6 ,& z ?us age aft] age !y wrangle1 ) _! eyes turn$ away f ! light1 ! _w goes on to l>g] & l>g] k 9 spite ( !m1 & does n lose its fai?1 = all ^! d>k5]s ( c\nsel may say4 ,z 9 ! ro>+ loom ( ,"t ! endless web ( ev5ts is wov51 ea* /r& %all make m & m cle>ly visible ! liv+ g>m5t ( ,god4 ,,ii4 ,! ,rapid ,gr[? ( ,mod]n ,k4 ,at no "t s9ce m5 h dwelt ^u ! e>? h _! notions ab\t ! univ]se und]gone s great a *ange z 9 ! c5tury ( :i* we are n[ approa*+ ! end4 ,nev] be=e has k increas$ s rapidly2 nev] be=e has philosophical speculation be5 s actively conduct$1 or its results s widely diffus$4 ,x is a *>act]i/ic ( organic evolution t num]\s progressive t5d5cies1 = a long "t inconspicu\s1 n[ & !n unite to br+ ab\t a /rik+ & app>5tly sudd5 *ange2 or a set ( =ces1 quietly accumulat+ 9 "o direction1 at l5g? unlock "s new res]voir ( =ce & abruptly inaugurate a new s]ies ( ph5om5a1 z :5 wat] rises 9 a tank until its ov]fl[ sets :irl+ a sy/em ( too!d :eels4 ,x may be t ,nature makes no leaps1 b 9 ?is way %e n[ & !n makes v long /rides4 ,x is 9 ?is way t ! c\rse ( organic developm5t is m>k$ "h & !re by memorable epo*s1 :i* seem to op5 new *apt]s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! univ]se4 ,!re 0 su* an epo* :5 ! common ance/or ( ascidian & amphioxus fir/ %[$ rudim5t>y traces ( a v]tebral column4 ,!re 0 su* an epo* :5 ! air-bladd] ( e>ly amphibians began to d duty z a lung4 ,greate/ ( all1 s9ce ! epo*1 /ill hidd5 f our k51 :5 organic life began ^u ! surface ( ! globe1 0 ! bir? ( t new era :51 ?r\gh a wondr\s *ange 9 ! direction ( ! work+ ( natural selection1 ,humanity appe>$ ^u ! sc5e4 ,9 ! c>e] ( ! human race we c likewise po9t to p]iods 9 :i* x has become app>5t t an imm5se /ride 0 tak54 ,su* a p]iod m>ks ! dawn+ ( human hi/ory1 :5 aft] c\ntless ages ( desultory tribal w>f>e m5 succe$$ 9 unit+ into comp>atively /able political societies1 & ?r\gh ! m$ium ( writt5 language began h&+ d[n to po/]ity ! record ( _! ?\ghts & de$s4 ,s9ce t morn+ twilight ( hi/ory !re has be5 no era s /rongly m>k$1 no *ange s swift or s f>-rea*+ 9 ! conditions ( human life1 z t :i* began ) ! great m>itime discov]ies ( ! fifte5? c5tury & is approa*+ its culm9ation to-day4 ,9 its e>li] /ages ?is mod]n era 0 signaliz$ by sporadic a*ievem5ts ( ! human intellect1 great 9 !mselves & lead+ to su* /up5d\s results z ! bolde/ d>$ n dream (4 ,su* a*ievem5ts 7 ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 ! telescope & microscope1 ! geometry ( ,desc>tes1 ! a/ronomy ( ,newton1 ! physics ( ,huygh5s1 ! physiology ( ,h>vey4 ,man's s5ses 7 ?us indef9itely enl>g$ z 8 means ( regi/ration 7 p]fect$2 he became capable ( ext5d+ physical inf]5ces f ! e>? to ! heav5s2 & he made 8 fir/ acqua9tance ) t lum9if]\s e!r :i* 0 by & by to reveal ! intimate /ructure ( matt] 9 regions f> beyond ! p[] ( ! microscope to p5etrate4 ,x is only )9 ! pres5t c5tury t ! va/ness ( ! *anges ?us beg9n+ to be wr\ght has become app>5t4 ,! sci5tific a*ievem5ts ( ! human intellect no long] occur sporadically3 !y foll[ "o ^u ano!r1 l ! organiz$ & sy/ematic conque/s ( a resi/less army4 ,ea* new discov]y becomes at once a p[]ful implem5t 9 ! h&s ( innum]able work]s1 & ea* ye> w9s ov] fre% regions ( ! univ]se f ! unkn[n to ! kn[n4 ,our own g5]ation has become s wont$ to ?is unre/+ m>* ( discov]y t we already take x z q a matt] ( c\rse4 ,our m9ds become easily dead5$ to its real import1 & ! examples we cite 9 illu/ration ( x h an air ( trit5ess4 ,we sc>cely ne$ to be rem9d$ t all ! advances made 9 locomotion1 f ! days ( ,nebu*adnezz> to ^? ( ,&rew ,jackson1 7 z no?+ comp>$ to ! *ange t has be5 wr\ght )9 a few ye>s by ! introduction ( railroads4 ,9 ^! times1 :5 ,puck has fulfill$ 8 boa/ & put a girdle ab\t ! e>? 9 =ty m9utes1 we are n yet p]haps 9 dang] ( =gett+ t a c5tury has n elaps$ s9ce he :o caught ! lightn+ ^u 8 kite 0 laid 9 ! grave4 ,yet ! lesson ( ^! facts1 z well z ( ! gr&mo!r's sp9n+-:eel t /&s by ! p>l\r fireside1 is well to be> 9 m9d4 ,! *ange !re9 exemplifi$ s9ce ,p5elope pli$ h] di/aff is f> less ?an t :i* has occurr$ )9 ! memory ( liv+ m54 ,! developm5ts ( ma*9]y1 :i* h work$ su* wond]s1 h greatly alt]$ ! political conditions ( human society1 s t a huge republic l ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n[ z snug & compact & easily manageable z ! t9y republic ( ,switz]l& 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! numb] ( m5 t c live ^u a giv5 area ( ! e>?'s surface has be5 multipli$ manifold1 & :ile ! mass ( human life has ?us increas$ its value has be5 at ! same "t enhanc$4 ,9 ^! v>i\s applications ( physical !ory to ! indu/rial arts1 c\ntless m9ds1 ( a class t =m]ly 7 n rea*$ by sci5tific reason+ at all1 are n[ br\ght into daily contact ) complex & subtle op]ations ( matt]1 & _! habits ( ?\ght are ?us notably modifi$4 ,mean:ile1 9 ! high] regions ( *emi/ry & molecul> physics ! progress has be5 su* t no description c d x ju/ice4 ,:5 we reflect t a f\r? g5]ation has b>ely _h "t to appe> on ! sc5e s9ce ,prie/ley discov]$ t !re 0 su* a ?+ z oxyg51 we /& awe/ruck be=e ! /up5d\s pile ( *emical sci5ce :i* has be5 re>$ 9 ?is brief int]val4 ,our k ?us ga9$ ( ! molecul> & atomic /ructure ( matt] has be5 alone suffici5t to remodel our conceptions ( ! univ]se f beg9n+ to end4 ,! case ( molecul> physics is equally /rik+4 ,! !ory ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy1 & ! discov]y t light1 heat1 electricity1 & magnetism are diff]5tly condition$ modes ( undulatory motion trans=mable ea* into ! o!r1 are n yet fifty ye>s old4 ,9 physical a/ronomy we rema9$ until #ahci conf9$ )9 ! limits ( ! sol> sy/em1 & ev5 "h ! ,newtonian !ory _h n yet won its cr[n+ triumph 9 ! discov]y ( ! planet ,neptune4 ,to-day we n only measure ! di/ances & movem5ts ( _m />s1 b by means ( spectrum analysis are able to tell :at !y are made (4 ,x is m ?an a c5tury s9ce ! nebul> hypo!sis1 by :i* we expla9 ! developm5t ( /ell> sy/ems1 0 fir/ prop\nd$ by ,immanuel ,kant1 b x is only )9 ?irty ye>s t x has be5 g5]ally adopt$ by a/ronom]s2 & among ! outw>d illu/rations ( its ess5tial s\ndness none is m rem>kable ?an its surviv+ su* an enl>gem5t ( our k4 ,com+ to ! geologic /udy ( ! *anges t h tak5 place on ! e>?'s surface1 x 0 9 #ahcj t ,sir ,*>les ,lyell publi%$ ! book :i* fir/ plac$ ?is /udy ^u a sci5tific basis4 ,cuvi]'s classification ( pa/ & pres5t =ms ( animal life1 :i* laid ! f\ndations alike ( comp>ative anatomy & ( palontology1 came b little e>li]4 ,! cell-doctr9e ( ,s*leid5 & ,s*wann1 prior to :i* mod]n biology c h>dly be said to h exi/$1 dates f #ahci2 & x 0 only t5 ye>s be=e t ! sci5tific treatm5t ( embryology began ) ,von ,ba]4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t1 tw5ty-six ye>s h n elaps$ s9ce ! epo*-mak+ "w ( ,d>w9 fir/ ann\nc$ to ! _w ! discov]y ( natural selection4 ,9 ! cycle ( /udies :i* are imm$iately conc]n$ ) ! c>e] ( mank9d1 ! rate ( progress has be5 no less m>vell\s4 ,! sci5tific /udy ( human spee* may be said to date f ! fla% ( insight :i* l$ ,fri$ri* ,s*legel 9 #ahjh to detect ! k9%ip betwe5 ! ,aryan languages4 ,f ?is beg9n+ to ! rese>*es ( ,fick & ,ascoli 9 our own "t1 ! quantity ( a*ievem5t rivals any?+ ! physical sci5ces c %[4 ,! /udy ( comp>ative my?ology1 :i* has ?r[n su* light ^u ! primitive ?\ghts ( mank9d1 is /ill y\ng]1--is /ill1 inde$1 9 its infancy4 ,! application ( ! comp>ative me?od to ! inve/igation ( laws & cu/oms1 ( political & ecclesia/ical & indu/rial sy/ems1 has be5 c>ri$ on sc>cely ?irty ye>s2 yet ! results already obta9$ are oblig+ u to rewrite ! hi/ory ( mank9d 9 all its /ages4 ,! great a*ievem5ts ( ar*ologi/s--! deciph]m5t ( ,egyptian hi]oglyphs & ( cunei=m inscriptions 9 ,assyria & ,p]sia1 ! une>?+ ( anci5t cities1 ! discov]y & classification ( primeval implem5ts & works ( art 9 all qu>t]s ( ! globe--belong almo/ entirely to ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,^! discov]ies1 :i* h well-nigh d\bl$ = u ! l5g? ( ! hi/oric p]iod1 h unit$ ) ! q mod]n revelations ( geology conc]n+ ! anci5t glaciation ( ! temp]ate zones1 to give u an approximate idea ( ! age ( ! human race#a & ! circum/ances att5d+ its diffusion ov] ! e>?4 ,x has ?us at l5g? become possible to obta9 some?+ l ! outl9es ( a compreh5sive view ( ! hi/ory ( ! creation1 f ! e>lie/ /ages ( cond5sation ( our sol> nebula d[n to ! v "t 9 :i* we live1 & to inf] f ! *>act]i/ics ( ?is pa/ evolution "s ( ! mo/ g5]al t5d5cies ( ! future4 ,all ?is accumulation ( physical & hi/orical k has n fail$ to react ^u our /udy ( ! human m9d itself4 ,9 books ( logic ! score ( c5turies betwe5 ,ari/otle & ,:ately saw less advance ?an ! few ye>s betwe5 ,:ately & ,mill4 ,9 psy*ology ! "w ( ,fe*n] & ,wundt & ,sp5c] belongs to ! age 9 :i* we are n[ liv+4 ,:5 to all ?is v>iety ( a*ievem5t we add :at has be5 done 9 ! critical /udy ( lit]ature & art1 ( classical & ,biblical philology1 & ( metaphysics & !ology1 illu/rat+ f fre% po9ts ( view ! hi/ory ( ! human m9d1 ! sum total becomes almo/ too va/ to be compreh5d$4 ,?is c5tury1 :i* "s h call$ an age ( iron1 has be5 also an age ( ideas1 an era ( seek+ & f9d+ ! l ( :i* 0 nev] kn[n be=e4 ,x is an epo* ! gr&eur ( :i* dw>fs all o!rs t c be nam$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! hi/oric p]iod1 if n s9ce ,man fir/ became di/9ctively human4 ,9 _! m5tal habits1 9 _! me?ods ( inquiry1 & 9 ! data at _! comm&1 ! m5 ( ! pres5t day :o h fully kept pace ) ! sci5tific movem5t are sep>at$ f ! m5 ^: education end$ 9 #ahcj by an immeasurably wid] gulf ?an has ev] be=e divid$ "o progressive g5]ation ( m5 f _! pr$ecessors4#b ,! intellectual developm5t ( ! human race has be5 sudd5ly1 almo/ abruptly1 rais$ to a high] plane ?an t ^u :i* x _h proce$$ f ! days ( ! primitive troglodyte to ! days ( our great-gr&fa!rs4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ?is high] plane ( developm5t t ! progress :i* until lately 0 s sl[ mu/ h5ce=? be rapid4 ,m5's m9ds are becom+ m flexible1 ! resi/ance to innovation is weak5+1 & our intellectual dem&s are multiply+ :ile ! means ( satisfy+ !m are increas+4 ,va/ z are ! a*ievem5ts we h j pass$ 9 review1 ! gaps 9 our k are imm5se1 & e problem t is solv$ b op5s a doz5 new problems t await solution4 ,"u su* circum/ances !re is no likelihood t ! la/ ^w w soon be said on any subject4 ,9 ! eyes ( ! tw5ty-fir/ c5tury ! sci5ce ( ! n9ete5? w d\btless seem v fragm5t>y & crude4 ,b ! m5 ( t day1 & ( all future "t1 w no d\bt po9t back to ! age j pass+ away z ! op5+ ( a new disp5sation1 ! dawn+ ( an era 9 :i* ! intellectual developm5t ( mank9d 0 rais$ to a high] plane ?an t ^u :i* x _h hi!rto proce$$4 ,z ! inevitable result ( ! ?rong+ discov]ies j enum]at$1 we f9d ourselves 9 ! mid/ ( a mighty revolution 9 human ?\ght4 ,"t-hon\r$ cre$s are los+ _! hold ^u m52 anci5t symbols are %orn ( _! value2 ev]y?+ is call$ 9 "q4 ,! controv]sies ( ! day are n l ^? ( =m] times4 ,x is no long] a "q ( h]m5eutics1 no long] a /ruggle betwe5 ab/ruse dogmas ( rival *ur*es4 ,religion itself is call$ ^u to %[ :y x %\ld any long] claim our allegiance4 ,!re are ^? :o d5y ! exi/5ce ( ,god4 ,!re are ^? :o w\ld expla9 away ! human s\l z a m]e gr\p ( fleet+ ph5om5a att5dant ^u ! collocation ( sundry p>ticles ( matt]4 ,& !re are _m o!rs :o1 )\t committ+ !mselves to ^! positions ( ! a!i/ & ! mat]iali/1 h nev]!less come to reg>d religion z practically rul$ out f human affairs4 ,no religi\s cre$ t man has ev] devis$ c be made to h>monize 9 all its features ) mod]n k4 ,all su* cre$s 7 con/ruct$ ) ref]5ce to !ories ( ! univ]se :i* are n[ utt]ly & hopelessly discr$it$4 ,h[1 !n1 x is ask$1 amid ! g5]al wreck ( old beliefs1 c we hope t ! religi\s attitude 9 :i* f "t immemorial we h be5 wont to contemplate ! univ]se c any long] be ma9ta9$8 ,is n ! belief 9 ,god p]haps a dream ( ! *ildhood ( our race1 l ! belief 9 elves & bog>ts :i* once 0 no less univ]sal8 & is n mod]n sci5ce fa/ de/roy+ ! "o z x has already de/roy$ ! o!r8 ,su* are ! que/ions :i* we daily he> ask$1 sometimes ) flippant eag]ness1 b (t5] ) anxi\s dread4 ,9 view ( !m x is well wor? :ile to exam9e ! idea ( ,god1 z x has be5 ent]ta9$ by mank9d f ! e>lie/ ages1 & z x is affect$ by ! k ( ! univ]se :i* we h acquir$ 9 rec5t times4 ,if we f9d 9 t idea1 z conceiv$ by untaught ?9k]s 9 ! twilight ( antiquity1 an elem5t t /ill survives ! wide/ & deepe/ g5]alizations ( mod]n times1 we h ! /ronge/ possible reason = believ+ t ! idea is p]man5t & answ]s to an ,et]nal ,reality4 ,x 0 to be expect$ t conceptions ( ,deity h&$ d[n f primitive m5 %\ld und]go s]i\s modification4 ,if x c be %[n t ! ess5tial elem5t 9 ^! conceptions mu/ survive ! enorm\s additions to our k :i* h di/+ui%$ ! pres5t age above all o!rs s9ce man became man1 !n we may believe t x w endure s long z man endures2 = x is n likely t x c ev] be call$ ^u to pass a sev]] ordeal4 ,all ?is w pres5tly appe> 9 a /ill /rong] light1 :5 we h set =? ! common *>act]i/ic ( ! modifications :i* ! idea ( ,god has already und]gone1 & ! nature ( ! opposition betwe5 ! old & ! new k ) :i* we are n[ confront$4 ,^u ?is discussion we h n[ to ent]1 & we %all f9d x lead+ u to ! conclusion t ?r\gh\t all possible advances 9 human k1 s f> z we c see1 ! ess5tial position ( !ism mu/ rema9 un%ak54 ,,iii4 ,s\rces ( ! ,!i/ic ,idea4 ,our argum5t may fitly beg9 ) an inquiry into ! s\rces ( ! !i/ic idea & ! %ape :i* x has univ]sally assum$ among untutor$ m54 ,! mo/ primitive elem5t :i* x conta9s is d\btless ! notion ( dep5d5ce ^u some?+ outside ( ourselves4 ,we are born into a _w consi/+ ( =ces :i* sway our lives & ov] :i* we c ex]cise no control4 ,! individual man c inde$ make 8 volition c\nt = a v little 9 modify+ ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 b ?is end necessitates /rict & unceas+ ob$i5ce to p[]s t _c be tamp]$ )4 ,to ! behavi\r ( ^! ext]nal p[]s our actions mu/ be adapt$ "u p5alty ( dea?4 ,& ^u gr\nds no less firm ?an ^? on :i* we believe 9 any ext]nality :atev]1 we recognize t ^! =ces ant$at$ our bir? & w endure aft] we h disappe>$ f ! sc5e4 ,no "o supposes t he makes ! _w = himself1 s t x is born & dies ) him4 ,e "o p]=ce contemplates ! _w z some?+ exi/+ indep5d5tly ( himself1 z some?+ into :i* he has come1 & f :i* he is to g2 & = 8 com+ & 8 go+1 z well z = :at he does :ile "p ( ! _w1 he is dep5d5t ^u some?+ t is n himself4 ,betwe5 anci5t & mod]n man1 z betwe5 ! *ild & ! adult1 !re c be no ess5tial diff]5ce 9 ! recognition ( ?is fundam5tal fact ( life4 ,! primitive man c\ld n1 inde$1 /ate ! case 9 ?is g5]aliz$ =m1 any m ?an a "y *ild c\ld /ate x1 b ! facts :i* ! /atem5t cov]s 7 z real to him z !y are to u4,a ,! primitive man knew no?+ ( a _w1 9 ! mod]n s5se ( ! ^w4 ,! conception ( t va/ cons5sus ( =ces :i* we call ! _w or univ]se is a some:at late result ( culture2 x 0 rea*$ only ?r\gh ages ( exp]i5ce & reflection4 ,su* an idea lay beyond ! horizon ( ! primitive man4 ,b :ile he knew n ! _w1 he knew bits & pieces ( x2 or1 to v>y ! expression1 he _h 8 little _w1 *aotic & fragm5t>y en\gh1 b full ( dread reality = him4 ,he knew :at x 0 to deal f bir? until dea? ) p[]s f> mighti] ?an himself4 ,to expla9 ^! p[]s1 to make _! actions 9 any wise intelligible1 he _h b "o available res\rce2 & ?is 0 s obvi\s t he c\ld n fail to employ x4 ,! only s\rce ( action ( :i* he knew any?+1 s9ce x 0 ! only s\rce :i* lay )9 himself1 0 ! human w2#c & 9 ?is respect1 aft] all1 ! philosophy ( ! primeval savage 0 n s v f> remov$ f t ( ! mod]n sci5tific ?9k]4 ,! primitive man c\ld see t 8 own actions 7 prompt$ by desire & guid$ by intellig5ce1 & he suppos$ ! same to be ! case ) ! sun & ! w9d1 ! fro/ & ! lightn+4 ,all ! =ces ( outw>d nature1 s f> z !y came into visible contact ) 8 life1 he p]sonifi$ z great be+s :i* 7 to be cont5d$ ) or placat$4 ,?is primeval philosophy1 once univ]sal among m51 has la/$ f> into ! hi/oric p]iod1 & x is only sl[ly & bit by bit t x has be5 outgr[n by ! mo/ highly civiliz$ races4 ,inde$ ! half-civiliz$ majority ( mank9d h by no means z yet ca/ x aside1 & among savage tribes we may /ill see x p]si/+ 9 all its orig9al crudity4 ,9 ! my?ologies ( all peoples1 ( ! ,greeks & ,h9dus & ,norsem51 z well z ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians & ! dwell]s 9 ! ,s\? ,sea isl&s1 we f9d ! sun p]sonifi$ z an ar*] or w&]]1 ! cl\ds z gigantic birds1 ! tempe/ z a dev\r+ dragon2 & ! tales ( gods & h]oes1 z well z ( trolls & fairies1 are made up ( scatt]$ & di/ort$ fragm5ts ( nature-my?s1 ( :i* ! primitive mean+ _h long be5 =gott5 :5 ! +5uity ( mod]n s*ol>%ip laid x b>e4#d ,a ,see note ,a at ! end ( ! volume4 ,9 all ?is p]sonification ( physical ph5om5a our prehi/oric ance/ors 7 greatly assi/$ by t !ory ( gho/s :i* 0 p]haps ! e>lie/ speculative ef=t ( ! human m9d4 ,travell]s h n[ & !n report$ ! exi/5ce ( races ( m5 q de/itute ( religion1 or ( :at ! obs]v] has le>n$ to recognize z religion2 b no "o has ev] discov]$ a race ( m5 devoid ( a belief 9 gho/s4 ,! mass ( crude inf]5ce :i* makes up ! savage's philosophy ( nature is l>gely bas$ ^u ! hypo!sis t e man has ano!r self1 a d\ble1 or wrai?1 or gho/4 ,?is hypo!sis ( ! o!r self1 :i* s]ves to acc\nt = ! savage's w&]+s dur+ sleep 9 /range l&s & among /range p1 s]ves also to acc\nt = ! pres5ce 9 8 dreams ( p>5ts1 comrades1 or enemies1 kn[n to be dead & buri$4 ,! o!r self ( ! dream] meets & conv]ses ) ! o!r selves ( 8 dead bre?r51 jo9s ) !m 9 ! hunt1 or sits d[n ) !m to ! wild cannibal banquet4 ,?us arises ! belief 9 an ev]-pres5t _w ( gho/s1 a belief :i* ! entire exp]i5ce ( unciviliz$ man goes to /r5g!n & exp&4#e ,c\ntless tales & sup]/itions ( savage races %[ t ! hypo!sis ( ! o!r self is us$ to expla9 ! ph5om5a ( hy/]ia & epilepsy1 ( %ad[s1 ( e*oes1 & ev5 ( ! reflection ( face & ge/ures 9 /ill wat]4 ,x is n only m51 moreov]1 :o are provid$ ) o!r selves4 ,dumb bea/s & plants1 /one hat*ets & arr[s1 articles ( clo?+ & food1 all h _! gho/s2#f & :5 ! dead *ief is buri$1 8 wives & s]vants1 8 dogs & horses1 are sla9 to keep him company1 & weapons & tr9kets are plac$ 9 8 tomb to be us$ 9 ! _s-l&4 ,burial-places ( primitive m51 ages be=e ! dawn ( hi/ory1 be> te/imony to ! imm5se antiquity ( ?is savage philosophy4 ,f ?is :olesale belief 9 gho/s to ! int]pretation ( ! w9d or ! lightn+ z a p]son animat$ by an indwell+ s\l & end[$ ) quasi-human passions & purposes1 ! /ep is n a long "o4 ,! latt] notion gr[s almo/ inevitably out ( ! =m]1 s t all races ( m5 )\t exception h ent]ta9$ x4 ,t ! mighty p[] :i* uproots trees & drives ! /orm-cl\ds across ! sky %\ld resemble a human s\l is to ! savage an unavoidable inf]5ce4 ,if ! fire burns d[n 8 hut1 x is because ! fire is a p]son ) a s\l1 & is angry ) him1 & ne$s to be coax$ into a k9dli] mood by means ( pray] or sacrifice4 ,he has no alt]native b to reg>d fire-s\l z some?+ ak9 to human-s\l2 8 philosophy makes no di/9ction betwe5 ! human gho/ & ! elem5tal demon or deity4 ,x 0 9 accordance ) ?is primitive !ory ( ?+s t ! e>lie/ =m ( religi\s wor%ip 0 develop$4 ,9 all races ( m51 s f> z c be det]m9$1 ?is 0 ! wor%ip ( ance/ors4#g ,! o!r self ( ! dead *iefta9 cont9u$ aft] dea? to wat* ov] ! int]e/s ( ! tribe1 to def5d x aga9/ ! attacks ( enemies1 to rew>d brave w>riors1 & to puni% traitors & c[>ds4 ,8 fav\r mu/ be propitiat$ ) c]emonies l ^? 9 :i* a subject does homage to a liv+ rul]4 ,if (f5d$ by neglect or irrev]5t treatm5t1 defeat 9 battle1 damage by flood or fire1 visitations ( fam9e or pe/il5ce1 7 int]pret$ z m>ks ( 8 ang]4 ,?us ! spirits animat+ ! =ces ( nature 7 (t5 id5tifi$ ) ! gho/s ( ance/ors1 & my?ology is fill$ ) traces ( ! confusion4 ,9 ! ,v$ic religion ! pitris1 or fa!rs1 live 9 ! sky along ) ,yama1 ! orig9al pitri ( mank9d3 !y are v busy ) ! wea!r2 !y s5d d[n ra9 to refre% ! ?ir/y e>?1 or anon p>* ! fields till ! crops p]i% ( dr\ght2 & !y ru% along 9 ! ro>+ tempe/1 l ! weird ho/ ( ! wild huntsman ,wodan4 ,to ! anci5t ,greek ! blue sky ,uranos 0 ! fa!r ( gods & m51 & ?r\gh\t antiquity ?is m+l+ ( ance/or-wor%ip ) nature-wor%ip 0 g5]al4 ,) ! sy/ematic developm5t ( e?nic religions1 9 "s in/ances ance/or-wor%ip rema9$ dom9ant1 z ) ! ,*9ese1 ! ,japanese1 & ! ,romans2 9 o!rs1 a poly!ism bas$ ^u nature-wor%ip acquir$ supremacy1 z ) ! ,h9dus & ,greeks1 & our own ,teutonic =efa!rs4 ,! great div9ities ( ! ,hell5ic pan!on are all p]sonifications ( physical ph5om5a4 ,at a comp>atively late date ! ,roman adopt$ ^! div9ities & paid to !m a fa%ionable & lit]>y homage1 b 8 solemn & he>tfelt rites 7 ^? ) :i* he wor%ipp$ ! l>es & p5ates 9 ! privacy ( 8 home4 ,8 hospitable treatm5t ( ! gods ( a vanqui%$ p 0 ! symptom ( a comm+l+ ( ! v>i\s local religions ( antiquity :i* insur$ _! mutual de/ruction & prep>$ ! way = _! absorption into a f> gr&] & tru] sy/em4#h ,,iv4 ,developm5t ( ,mono!ism4 ,su* an allusion to ! ,romans1 9 an exposition l ! pres5t "o1 is n )\t its significance4 ,x 0 p>tly ?r\gh political circum/ances t a truly !i/ic idea 0 develop$ out ( ! *aotic & fragm5t>y gho/ !ories & nature-wor%ip ( ! primeval _w4 ,to ! fram+ ( ! va/e/ ( all possible conceptions1 ! idea ( ,god1 man came b sl[ly4 ,?is nature-wor%ip & ance/or-wor%ip ( e>ly times 0 sc>cely !ism4 ,9 _! recognition ( man's utt] dep5d5ce ^u some?+ outside ( himself :i* yet 0 n :olly unlike himself1 ^! primitive religions conta9$ ! ess5tial g]m out ( :i* !ism 0 to gr[2 b x is a long way f ! propitiation ( gho/s & ! adoration ( ! ris+ sun to ! wor%ip ( ! inf9ite & et]nal ,god1 ! mak] ( heav5 & e>?1 9 :om we live1 & move1 & h our be+4 ,be=e m5 c\ld arrive at su* a conception1 x 0 necess>y = !m to obta9 "s integral idea ( ! heav5 & ! e>?2 x 0 necess>y = !m to frame1 h[ev] inadequately1 ! conception ( a physical univ]se4 ,su* a conception _h be5 rea*$ by civiliz$ peoples be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & by ! ,greeks a rem>kable beg9n+ _h be5 made 9 ! g5]alization & int]pretation ( physical ph5om5a4 ,! intellectual atmosph]e ( ,alex&ria1 = two c5turies be=e & ?ree c5turies aft] ! "t ( ,*ri/1 0 m mod]n ?an any?+ t foll[$ d[n to ! days ( ,bacon & ,desc>tes2 & all ! lead]s ( ,greek ?\ght s9ce ,anaxagoras _h be5 virtually or av[$ly mono!i/s4 ,z ! ph5om5a ( nature 7 g5]aliz$1 ! deities or sup]human be+s reg>d$ z _! s\rces 7 likewise g5]aliz$1 until ! conception ( nature z a :ole gave rise to ! conception ( a s+le ,deity z ! au?or & rul] ( nature2 & 9 accordance ) ! ord] ( its g5esis1 ?is notion ( ,deity 0 /ill ! notion ( a ,be+ possess$ ( psy*ical attributes1 & 9 "s way l unto ,man4 ,b !re 0 ano!r cause1 besides sci5tific g5]alization1 :i* l$ m5's m9ds t[>d mono!ism4 ,! conception ( tutel> deities1 :i* 0 ! mo/ prom95t practical feature ( ance/or-wor%ip1 0 directly affect$ by ! political developm5t ( ! peoples ( antiquity4 ,z tribes 7 consolidat$ into nations1 ! tutel> gods ( ! tribes became g5]aliz$1 or ! god ( "s lead+ tribe came to sup]s$e 8 fell[s1 until ! result 0 a s+le national deity1 at fir/ reg>d$ z ! greate/ among gods1 aft]w>ds z ! only ,god4 ,! mo/ /rik+ in/ance ( ?is me?od ( developm5t is af=d$ by ! ,hebrew conception ( ,jehovah4 ,! mo/ primitive =m ( ,hebrew religion disc]nible 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t is a feti*ism1 or v crude poly!ism1 9 :i* ance/or-wor%ip becomes m prom95t ?an nature-wor%ip4 ,at fir/ ! t]aphim1 or tutel> h\sehold deities1 play an important "p1 b nature-gods1 su* z ,baal1 & ,molo*1 & ,a/>te1 are ext5sively wor%ipp$4 ,x is ! plural elohim :o create ! e>?1 & ^: sons visit ! daught]s ( ant$iluvian m54 ,! tutel> deity1 ,jehovah1 is orig9ally ?\ght ( z "o ( ! elohim1 !n z *ief among elohim1 & ,"l ( ! ho/s ( heav54 ,?r\gh 8 fav\r 8 *os5 prophet ov]comes ! prophets ( ,baal1 he is great] ?an ! deities ( neighb\r+ peoples1 he is ! only true god1 & ?us f9ally he is ?\ght ( z ! only ,god1 & 8 "n becomes ! symbol ( mono!ism4 ,! ,jews h always be5 "o ( ! mo/ highly-gift$ races 9 ! _w4 ,9 antiquity !y develop$ an int5se s5tim5t ( nationality1 & = e>ne/ness & dep? ( e?ical feel+ !y surpass$ all o!r peoples4 ,! conception ( ,jehovah set =? 9 ! writ+s ( ! prophets 0 ! l(tie/ conception ( deity any:]e atta9$ be=e ! "t ( ,*ri/2 9 e?ical value x immeasurably surpass$ any?+ to be f\nd 9 ! pan!on ( ! ,greeks & ,romans4 ,x 0 natural t su* a conception ( deity %\ld be adopt$ ?r\gh\t ! ,roman _w4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era ! classic poly!ism _h well-nigh lo/ its hold ^u m5's m9ds2 its value _h become *iefly lit]>y1 z a m]e collection ( pretty /ories2 x _h begun its desc5t into ! humble realm ( folk-lore4 ,= want ( any?+ bett] p _h rec\rse to elaborate ,ea/]n c]emonials1 or cont5t$ !mselves ) ! "t-hon\r$ dome/ic wor%ip ( ! l>es & p5ates4 ,yet _! m9ds 7 ripe = "s k9d ( mono!ism1 & 9 ord] t ! ,jewi% conception %\ld come to be g5]ally adopt$1 x 0 only necess>y t x %\ld be fre$ f its limitations ( nationality1 & t ,jehovah %\ld be set =? z ,su/a9] ( ! univ]se & ,fa!r ( all mank9d4 ,?is 0 done by ,jesus & ,paul4 ,! !ory ( div9e action impli$ ?r\gh\t ! gospels & ! epi/les 0 ! fir/ complete mono!ism atta9$ by mank9d1 or at lea/ by t portion ( x f :i* our mod]n civilization has desc5d$4 ,"h = ! fir/ "t we h ! idea ( ,god dissociat$ f ! limit+ circum/ances ) :i* x _h be5 entangl$ 9 all ! e?nic religions ( antiquity4 ,individual ?9k]s "h & !re _h already1 d\btless1 rea*$ an equally true conception1 z 0 %[n by ,klean!s 9 8 sublime hymn to ,zeus2#i b x 0 n[ = ! fir/ "t set =? 9 su* wise z to w9 ass5t f ! common folk z well z ! philosoph]s1 & to make its way into ! he>ts ( all m54 ,its acceptance 0 ha/5$1 & its hold ^u mank9d immeasurably /r5g!n$1 by ! div9ely beautiful e?ical tea*+ 9 :i* ,jesus c\*$ x1--t tea*+1 s (t5 misund]/ood yet s pr(\ndly true1 :i* h]ald$ ! "t :5 ,man %all h ?r[n (f ! burd5 ( 8 be/ial inh]itance & /rife & sorr[ %all cease f ! e>?4#aj ,we %all pres5tly see t 9 its fundam5tal features ! !ism ( ,jesus & ,paul 0 s true t x mu/ endure z long z man endures4 ,*anges ( /atem5t may alt] ! outw>d appe>ance ( x1 b ! k]nel ( tru? w rema9 ! same =ev]4 ,b ! %ift+ body ( religi\s doctr9e kn[n z ,*ri/ianity has at v>i\s times conta9$ mu* t is unkn[n to ?is pure !ism1 & mu* t has %[n itself to be ephem]al 9 its hold ^u m54 ,! *ange f poly!ism to mono!ism c\ld n be ?or\ghly accompli%$ all at once4 ,z ,*ri/ianity spread ov] ! ,roman _w x became encru/$ ) pagan notions & obs]vances1 & a simil> process w5t on dur+ ! conv]sion ( ! ,teutonic b>b>ians4 ,yuletide & ,ea/] & o!r *ur* holidays 7 directly adopt$ f ! old nature-wor%ip2 ! adoration ( tutel> h\sehold deities surviv$ 9 ! homage paid to patron sa9ts2 & ! wor%ip ( ! ,b]ecyn?ian ,"m 0 cont9u$ 9 t ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4#aa ,ev5 ! "n ,god1 appli$ to ! ,deity ?r\gh\t ,teutonic ,*ri/5dom1 seems to be nei!r m nor less ?an ,wodan1 ! p]sonification ( ! /orm-w9d1 ! supreme div9ity ( our pagan =efa!rs4,b ,b ,see note ,b4 at ! end ( ! volume4 ,t ,*ri/ianity %\ld ?us h reta9$ names & symbols & rites belong+ to hea!n antiquity 0 inevitable4 ,! sy/em ( ,*ri/ian !ism 0 ! "w ( "s ( ! l(tie/ m9ds t h ev] appe>$ ^u ! e>?2 b x 0 adopt$ by millions ( m5 & wom51 ( all degrees ( k & ignorance1 ( ke5ness & dullness1 ( spirituality & grossness1 & ^! br\ght to x _! v>i\s inh]it$ notions & habits ( ?\ght4 ,9 all its ages1 !re=e1 ,*ri/ian !ism has meant "o ?+ to "o p]son1 & ano!r ?+ to ano!r4 ,:ile ! highe/ ,*ri/ian m9ds h always be5 mono!i/ic1 ! multitude h outgr[n poly!ism b sl[ly2 & ev5 ! mono!ism ( ! highe/ m9ds has be5 col\r$ by notions ultimately d]iv$ f ! primeval gho/-_w :i* h int]f]$ ) its purity1 & h s]i\sly hamp]$ m5 9 _! se>* aft] tru?4 ,9 illu/ration ( ?is po9t we h n[ to notice two /rongly contra/$ views ( ! div9e nature :i* h be5 held by ,*ri/ian !i/s1 & to obs]ve _! be>+s ^u ! sci5tific ?\ght ( mod]n times4 ,v4 ,! ,idea ( ,god z imman5t 9 ! ,_w4 ,we h se5 t s9ce ! primitive savage philosophy did n di/+ui% betwe5 ! human gho/ & ! elem5tal demon or deity1 ! religion ( antiquity 0 an inextricable tangle ( ance/or-wor%ip ) nature-wor%ip4 ,nev]!less1 among "s peoples ! "o1 among o!rs ! o!r1 became pr$om9ant4 ,i ?9k x c h>dly be an accid5tal co9cid5ce t nature-wor%ip pr$om9at$ ) ! ,greeks & ,h9dus1 ! only peoples ( antiquity :o accompli%$ any?+ 9 ! exact sci5ces1 or 9 metaphysics4 ,! capacity = ab/ract ?9k+ :i* l$ ! ,h9du to orig9ate algebra1 & ! ,greek to orig9ate geometry1 & bo? to attempt elaborate sci5tific !ories ( ! univ]se1--?is same capacity reveal$ itself 9 ! mann] 9 :i* !y deifi$ ! p[]s ( nature4 ,!y 7 able to imag9e ! indwell+ _s ( ! sun or ! /orm )\t help f ! conception ( an individual gho/4 ,su* be+ ! g5]al capacity ( ! p1 we c readily und]/& h[1 :5 x came to mono!ism1 _! mo/ em95t ?9k]s %\ld h be5 able to frame ! conception ( ,god act+ 9 & ?r\gh ! p[]s ( nature1 )\t ! aid ( any grossly an?ropomorphic symbolism4 ,9 ?is connection x is int]e/+ to obs]ve ! *>act]i/ics ( ! idea ( ,god z conceiv$ by ! ?ree greate/ fa!rs ( ! ,greek *ur*1 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 ,orig51 & ,a?anasius4 ,! philosophy ( ^! pr(\nd & vigor\s ?9k]s 0 9 l>ge measure d]iv$ f ! ,/oics4 ,!y reg>d$ ,deity z imman5t 9 ! univ]se1 & et]nally op]at+ ?r\gh natural laws4 ,9 _! view ,god is n a localizable p]sonality1 remote f ! _w1 & act+ ^u x only by means ( occasional port5t & prodigy2 nor is ! _w a lifeless ma*9e bl9dly work+ aft] "s preorda9$ me?od1 & only feel+ ! pres5ce ( ,god 9 s f> z he n[ & !n sees fit to int]f]e ) its normal c\rse ( proc$ure4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,god is ! ev]-pres5t life ( ! _w2 x is ?r\gh him t all ?+s exi/ f mom5t to mom5t1 & ! natural sequ5ce ( ev5ts is a p]petual revelation ( ! div9e wisdom & goodness4 ,9 accordance ) ?is fundam5tal view1 ,clem5t1 = example1 repudiat$ ! ,gno/ic !ory ( ! vil5ess ( matt]1 condemn$ asceticism1 & reg>d$ ! _w z hall[$ by ! pres5ce ( indwell+ ,deity4 ,kn[+ no di/9ction betwe5 :at man discov]s & :at ,god reveals1 he expla9$ ,*ri/ianity z a natural developm5t f ! e>li] religi\s ?\ght ( mank9d4 ,x 0 ess5tial to 8 idea ( ! div9e p]fection t ! pa/ %\ld conta9 )9 itself all ! g]ms ( ! future2 & accord+ly he atta*$ b slight value to tales ( miracle1 & look$ ^u salvation z ! normal rip5+ ( ! high] spiritual qualities ( man "u ! guidance ( imman5t ,deity4 ,! views ( ,clem5t's disciple ,orig5 are mu* l ^? ( 8 ma/]4 ,a?anasius v5tur$ mu* f>!r into ! bewild]+ regions ( metaphysics4 ,yet 9 8 doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 by :i* he ov]came ! visible t5d5cy t[>d poly!ism 9 ! !ories ( ,arius1 & av]t$ ! ?reat5$ dang] ( a compromise betwe5 ,*ri/ianity & ,paganism1 he proce$$ ^u ! l9es :i* ,clem5t _h m>k$ out4 ,9 8 v sugge/ive "w on ,! ,cont9uity ( ,*ri/ian ,?\ght1 ,pr(essor ,alex&] ,all5 ?us sets =? ! ,a?anasian po9t ( view3 ,9 ! =mula ( ,fa!r1 ,son1 & ,holy ,_s1 z ?ree di/9ct & coequal memb]s 9 ! "o div9e ess5ce1 !re 0 ! recognition & ! reconciliation ( ! philosophical s*ools :i* _h divid$ ! anci5t _w4 ,9 ! idea ( ! et]nal ,fa!r ! ,ori5tal m9d recogniz$ :at x lik$ to call ! pr(\nd abyss ( be+1 t :i* lies back ( all ph5om5a1 ! hidd5 my/]y :i* l5ds awe to human m9ds seek+ to "k ! div9e4 ,9 ! doctr9e ( ! et]nal ,son reveal+ ! ,fa!r1 imman5t 9 nature & humanity z ! life & light %9+ ?r\gh all creat$ ?+s1 ! div9e reason 9 :i* ! human reason %>es1 !re 0 ! recognition ( ! tru? aft] :i* ,plato & ,ari/otle & ! ,/oics 7 /ruggl+1--! tie :i* b9ds ! creation to ,god 9 ! close/ organic relation%ip4 ,9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,holy ,_s ! *ur* gu>d$ aga9/ any pan!i/ic confusion ( ,god ) ! _w by uphold+ ! life ( ! manife/$ ,deity z ess5tially e?ical or spiritual1 reveal+ itself 9 humanity 9 its highe/ =m1 only 9 s f> z humanity recogniz$ its call+ & ?r\gh ! ,_s ent]$ into communion ) ! ,fa!r & ! ,son4 ,great z 0 ! s]vice :i* ^! views ( ,a?anasius r5d]$ 9 ! f\r? c5tury ( our era1 !y are sc>cely to be reg>d$ z a p]man5t or ess5tial feature ( ,*ri/ian !ism4 ,! metaphysic 9 :i* !y are c\*$ is ali5 to ! metaphysic ( our "t1 yet ?r\gh ?is va/ diff]5ce x is all ! m in/ructive to note h[ closely ,a?anasius approa*es ! conf9es ( mod]n sci5tific ?\ght1 simply ?r\gh 8 fundam5tal conception ( ,god z ! indwell+ life ( ! univ]se4 ,we %all be /ill m =cibly /ruck ) ?is simil>ity :5 we come to consid] ! "* impress$ ^u our idea ( ,god by ! mod]n doctr9e ( evolution4 ,,vi4 ,! ,idea ( ,god z remote f ! ,_w4 ,b ?is ,greek conception ( div9e imman5ce did n f9d fav\r ) ! ,lat9-speak+ _w4 ,!re a v diff]5t notion prevail$1 ! orig9 ( :i* may be trac$ to ! m5tal habits att5d+ ! primitive ance/or-wor%ip4 ,out ( mat]ials furni%$ by ! gho/-_w a crude k9d ( mono!ism c\ld be rea*$ by simply c>ry+ back ! ?\ght to a s+le gho/-deity z ! orig9al ance/or ( all ! o!rs4 ,"s b>b>\s races h gone z f> z ?is1 z = example ! ,zulus1 :o h develop$ ! doctr9e ( div9e ance/ors s f> z to recognize a fir/ ance/or1 ! ,great ,fa!r1 ,unkulunkulu1 :o creat$ ! _w4#ab ,! k9d ( !ism rea*$ by ?is process ( ?\ght diff]s ess5tially f ! !ism rea*$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( nature-wor%ip4 ,= :]eas 9 ! latt] case ! god ( ! sky or ! sea is reg>d$ z a my/]i\s _s act+ 9 & ?r\gh ! ph5om5a1 9 ! =m] case ! ph5om5a are reg>d$ z co]c$ into activity by "s p[] exi/+ outside ( !m1 & ?is p[] is conceiv$ z manlike 9 ! crude/ s5se1 hav+ be5 orig9ally ?\ght ( z ! gho/ ( "s man :o once liv$ ^u ! e>?4 ,9 ! mono!ism :i* is rea*$ by ?9k+ along ^! l9es ( inf]5ce1 ! univ]se is conceiv$ z an in]t lifeless ma*9e1 impell$ by bl9d =ces :i* h be5 set act+ f )\t2 & ,god is conceiv$ z exi/+ ap>t f ! _w 9 solit>y inaccessible maje/y1--an abs5tee ,god1 z ,c>lyle says1 sitt+ idle ev] s9ce ! fir/ ,sabba?1 at ! outside ( 8 univ]se1 & 'see+ x g4' ,?is conception dem&s less ( ! intellect ?an ! conception ( ,god z imman5t 9 ! univ]se4 ,x requires less grasp ( m9d & less wid? ( exp]i5ce1 & x has accord+ly be5 mu* ! m common conception4 ,! idea ( ! indwell+ ,god is an attempt to rea* out t[>d ! reality1 & z su* x taxes ! p[]s ( ! f9ite m9d4 ,! idea ( ,god ext]nal to ! univ]se is a symbol :i* 9 no wise approa*es ! reality1 & = t v reason x does n tax ! m5tal p[]s2 !re is an aspect ( f9ality ab\t x1 9 :i* ! ord9>y m9d re/s cont5t & compla9s ( :atev] seeks to di/urb its repose4 ,i mu/ n be und]/ood z ignor+ ! fact t ?is l[] species ( !ism has be5 ent]ta9$ by "s ( ! l(tie/ m9ds ( our race1 bo? 9 anci5t & 9 mod]n times4 ,:5 once su* an ev]-pres5t conception z ! idea ( ,god has become int]tw9$ ) ! :ole body ( ! ?\ghts ( mank9d1 x is v difficult = ! mo/ p[]ful & subtle intellig5ce to *ange ! =m x has tak54 ,x has become s f> organiz$ into ! texture ( ! m9d t x abides !re unconsci\sly1 l our fundam5tal axioms ab\t numb] & magnitude2 x sways our ?\ght hi!r & ?i!r )\t our kn[+ x4 ,! two =ms ( !ism "h contra/$ h sl[ly gr[n up "u ! myriad unassignable influ5ces t 9 antiquity caus$ nature-wor%ip to pr$om9ate among "s p & ance/or-wor%ip among o!rs2 !y h col\r$ all ! philosophiz+ t has be5 done = m ?an tw5ty c5turies2 & x is seldom t a ?9k] educat$ "u ! "o =m ev] comes to adopt ! o!r & habitually employ x1 save "u ! mighty influ5ce ( mod]n sci5ce1 ! t5d5cy ( :i*1 z we %all pres5tly see1 is all 9 "o direction4 ,among anci5t ?9k]s ! view ( ,deity z remote f ! _w prevail$ ) ! foll[]s ( ,epikuros1 :o held t ! immortal gods c\ld n be suppos$ to tr\ble !mselves ab\t ! paltry affairs ( m51 b liv$ a bless$ life ( _! own1 undi/urb$ 9 ! f>-(f empyrean4 ,?is left ! _w q "u ! sway ( bl9d =ces1 & ?us we f9d x depict$ 9 ! m>vell\s poem ( ,lucretius1 "o ( ! l(tie/ monum5ts ( ,lat9 g5ius4 ,x is to all appe>ance an a!i/ic _w1 albeit ! au?or 0 p]haps m pr(\ndly religi\s 9 _s ?an any o!r ,roman t ev] liv$1 save ,augu/9e2 yet to 8 imm$iate sci5tific purpose ?is a!ism 0 no drawback4 ,:5 we are inve/igat+ natural ph5om5a1 ) int5t to expla9 !m sci5tifically1 our prop] task is simply to asc]ta9 ! physical conditions "u :i* !y occur1 & ! less we m$dle ) metaphysics or !ology ! bett]4 ,z ,laplace said1 ! ma!matician1 9 solv+ 8 equations1 does n ne$ ! hypo!sis ( ,god4#ac ,to ! sci5tific inve/igator1 z su*1 ! =ces ( nature are d\btless bl9d1 l ! x & y 9 algebra1 b ?is is only s long z he cont5ts himself ) describ+ _! modes ( op]ation2 :5 he und]takes to expla9 !m philosophically1 z we %all see1 he c 9 no wise disp5se ) 8 !i/ic hypo!sis4 ,! ,lucretian philosophy1 !re=e1 admirable z a sci5tific cord9ation ( su* facts ab\t ! physical univ]se z 7 !n kn[n1 goes b v little way z a philosophy4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ?is a!ism foll[$ directly f t species ( !ism :i* plac$ ,god outside ( 8 univ]se4 ,we %all f9d ! case ( mod]n a!ism to be q simil>4 ,z soon z ?is crude & mislead+ conception ( ,god is refut$1 z ! :ole progress ( sci5tific k t5ds to refute x1 ! mod]n a!i/ or positivi/ falls back ^u 8 univ]se ( bl9d =ces & cont5ts himself ) x1 :ile zeal\sly %\t+ f ! h\setops t ?is is ! :ole /ory4 ,to "o famili> ) ,*ri/ian ideas1 ! notion t ,man is too insignificant a creature to be wor? ! notice ( ,deity seems at once pa!tic & grotesque4 ,9 ! view ( ,plato1 by :i* all ,*ri/5dom has be5 p[]fully influ5c$1 !re is pr(\nd pa?os4 ,! wick$ness & mis]y ( ! _w wr\ght s /rongly ^u ,plato's ke5 sympa?ies & delicate moral s5se t he came to conclusions almo/ z gloomy z ^? ( ! ,buddhi/ :o reg>ds exi/5ce z an evil4 ,9 ! ,timaios he depicts ! mat]ial _w z ess5tially vile2 he is unable to ?9k ( ! pure & holy ,deity z manife/$ 9 x1 & he accord+ly sep>ates ! ,creator f 8 creation by ! :ole bread? ( inf9itude4 ,?is view pass$ on to ! ,gno/ics1 = :om ! puzzl+ problem ( philosophy 0 h[ to expla9 ! action ( ! spiritual ,god ^u ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,sometimes ! int]val 0 bridg$ by m$iat+ ons or emanations p>tly spiritual & p>tly mat]ial2 sometimes ! _w 0 held to be ! "w ( ! devil1 & 9 no s5se div9e4#ad ,! ,greek fa!rs "u ! lead ( ,clem5t1 esp\s+ ! high] !ism1 kept cle> ( ?is torr5t ( ,gno/ic ?\ght2 b ^u ,augu/9e x fell ) full =ce1 & he 0 c>ri$ away ) x4 ,9 8 e>li] writ+s ,augu/9e %[$ himself n incapable ( compreh5d+ ! views ( ,clem5t & ,a?anasius2 b 8 int5se feel+ ( man's wick$ness dragg$ him irresi/ibly 9 ! opposite direction4 ,9 8 doctr9e ( orig9al s91 he repres5ts humanity z cut (f f all relation%ip ) ,god1 :o is depict$ z a crudely an?ropomorphic ,be+ f> remov$ f ! univ]se & accessible only ?r\gh ! m$iat+ (fices ( an organiz$ *ur*4 ,comp>$ ) ! ?\ghts ( ! ,greek fa!rs ?is 0 a b>b>ic conception1 b x 0 suit$ alike to ! l[] grade ( culture 9 we/]n ,europe1 & to ! ,lat9 political g5ius1 :i* 9 ! decl9e ( ! ,empire 0 already occupy+ itself ) its great & b5efic5t "w ( con/ruct+ an imp]ial ,*ur*4 ,= ^! reasons ! ,augu/9ian !ology prevail$1 & 9 ! ,d>k ,ages :i* foll[$ x became s deeply inwr\ght into ! inn]mo/ fibres ( ,lat9 ,*ri/ianity t x rema9s dom9ant to-day alike 9 ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant *ur*es4 ,) few exceptions e *ild born ( ,*ri/ian p>5ts 9 we/]n ,europe or 9 ,am]ica gr[s up ) an idea ( ,god ! outl9es ( :i* 7 engrav5 ^u m5's m9ds by ,augu/9e fifte5 c5turies ago4 ,nay1 m1 x is h>dly too mu* to say t ?ree f\r?s ( ! body ( doctr9e curr5tly kn[n z ,*ri/ianity1 unw>rant$ by ,scripture & nev] dream$ ( by ,*ri/ or 8 apo/les1 fir/ took coh]5t %ape 9 ! writ+s ( ?is mighty ,roman1 :o 0 sep>at$ f ! apo/olic age by an int]val ( "t l t :i* sep>ates u f ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ & ! discov]y ( ,am]ica4 ,! idea ( ,god ^u :i* all ?is ,augu/9ian doctr9e is bas$ is ! idea ( a ,be+ actuat$ by human passions & purposes1 localizable 9 space & utt]ly remote f t in]t ma*9e1 ! univ]se 9 :i* we live1 & ^u :i* ,he acts int]mitt5tly ?r\gh ! susp5sion ( :at are call$ natural laws4 ,s deeply has ?is conception p5etrat$ ! ?\ght ( ,*ri/5dom t we cont9ually f9d x at ! bottom ( ! speculations & argum5ts ( m5 :o w\ld w>mly repudiate x z ?us /at$ 9 its nak$ outl9es4 ,x dom9ates ! reason+s alike ( believ]s & skeptics1 ( !i/s & a!i/s2 x und]lies at once ! objections rais$ by or?odoxy aga9/ ea* new /ep 9 sci5ce & ! assaults made by mat]ialism ^u e religi\s conception ( ! _w2 & ?us x is *iefly responsible = t complicat$ misund]/&+ :i*1 by a lam5table confusion ( ?\ght1 is commonly call$ ! conflict betwe5 religion & sci5ce4 ,,vii4 ,conflict betwe5 ! ,two ,ideas1 commonly misund]/ood z a ,conflict betwe5 ,religion & ,sci5ce4 ,9 illu/ration ( ! mis*ief t has be5 wr\ght by ! ,augu/9ian conception ( ,deity1 we may cite ! !ological objections urg$ aga9/ ! ,newtonian !ory ( gravitation & ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( natural selection4 ,leibnitz1 :o z a ma!matician b little inf]ior to ,newton himself might h be5 expect$ to be easily conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( ! !ory ( gravitation1 0 nev]!less det]r$ by !ological scruples f accept+ x4 ,x appe>$ to him t x sub/itut$ ! action ( physical =ces = ! direct action ( ! ,deity4 ,n[ ! fallacy ( ?is argum5t ( ,leibnitz is easy to detect4 ,x lies 9 a metaphysical misconception ( ! mean+ ( ! ^w =ce4 ,=ce is implicitly reg>d$ z a sort ( entity or dmon :i* has a mode ( action di/+ui%able f t ( ,deity2 o!rwise x is mean+less to speak ( sub/itut+ ! "o = ! o!r4 ,b su* a p]sonification ( =ce is a remnant ( b>b>ic ?\ght1 9 no wise sanction$ by physical sci5ce4 ,:5 a/ronomy speaks ( two planets z attract+ ea* o!r ) a =ce :i* v>ies directly z _! masses & inv]sely z ! squ>es ( _! di/ances ap>t1 x simply uses ! phrase z a conv5i5t metaphor by :i* to describe ! mann] 9 :i* ! obs]v$ movem5ts ( ! two bodies occur4 ,x expla9s t 9 pres5ce ( ea* o!r ! two bodies are obs]v$ to *ange _! positions 9 a c]ta9 specifi$ way1 & ?is is all t x means4 ,?is is all t a /rictly sci5tific hypo!sis c possibly allege1 & ?is is all t obs]vation c possibly prove4 ,:atev] goes beyond ?is & imag9es or ass]ts a k9d ( pull betwe5 ! two bodies1 is n sci5ce1 b metaphysics4 ,an a!i/ic metaphysics may imag9e su* a pull1 & may int]pret x z ! action ( some?+ t is n ,deity1 b su* a conclusion c f9d no support 9 ! sci5tific !orem1 :i* is simply a g5]aliz$ description ( ph5om5a4 ,! g5]al consid]ations ^u :i* ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce & direct action ( ,deity is o!rwise f\nd$ are 9 no wise di/urb$ by ! e/abli%m5t ( any su* sci5tific !orem4 ,we are /ill p]fectly free to ma9ta9 t x is ! direct action ( ,deity :i* is manife/$ 9 ! planet>y movem5ts2 hav+ done no?+ m ) our ,newtonian hypo!sis ?an to con/ruct a happy =mula = express+ ! mode or ord] ( ! manife/ation4 ,we may h le>n$ some?+ new conc]n+ ! mann] ( div9e action2 we c]ta9ly h n sub/itut$ any o!r k9d ( action = x4 ,& :at is ?us obvi\s 9 ?is simple a/ronomical example is equally true 9 pr9ciple 9 e case :atev] 9 :i* "o set ( ph5om5a is int]pret$ by ref]5ce to ano!r set4 ,9 no case :atev] c sci5ce use ! words =ce or cause except z metaphorically descriptive ( "s obs]v$ or obs]vable sequ5ce ( ph5om5a4 ,& consequ5tly at no imag9able future "t1 s long z ! ess5tial conditions ( human ?9k+ are ma9ta9$1 c sci5ce ev5 attempt to sub/itute ! action ( any o!r p[] = ! direct action ( ,deity4 ,! !ological objection urg$ by ,leibnitz aga9/ ,newton 0 repeat$ ^w = ^w by ,agassiz 9 8 comm5ts ^u ,d>w94 ,he reg>d$ x z a fatal objection to ! ,d>w9ian !ory t x appe>$ to sub/itute ! action ( physical =ces = ! creative action ( ,deity4 ,! fallacy "h is precisely ! same z 9 ,leibnitz's argum5t4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 has conv9c$ u t ! exi/5ce ( highly complicat$ organisms is ! result ( an inf9itely div]sifi$ aggregate ( circum/ances s m9ute z sev]ally to seem trivial or accid5tal2 yet ! consi/5t !i/ w always occupy an impregnable position 9 ma9ta9+ t ! entire s]ies 9 ea* & e "o ( its incid5ts is an imm$iate manife/ation ( ! creative action ( ,god4 ,9 ?is connection x is wor? :ile to /ate explicitly :at is ! true prov9ce ( sci5tific explanation4 ,is x n obvi\s t s9ce a philosophical !ism mu/ reg>d div9e p[] z ! imm$iate s\rce ( all ph5om5a alike1 !re=e sci5ce _c prop]ly expla9 any p>ticul> gr\p ( ph5om5a by a direct ref]5ce to ! action ( ,deity8 ,su* a ref]5ce is n an explanation1 s9ce x adds no?+ to our previ\s k ei!r ( ! ph5om5a or ( ! mann] ( div9e action4 ,! bus9ess ( sci5ce is simply to asc]ta9 9 :at mann] ph5om5a coexi/ ) ea* o!r or foll[ ea* o!r1 & ! only k9d ( explanation ) :i* x c prop]ly deal is t :i* ref]s "o set ( ph5om5a to ano!r set4 ,9 pursu+ ?is1 its legitimate bus9ess1 sci5ce does n t\* on ! prov9ce ( !ology 9 any way1 & !re is no conceivable occasion = any conflict betwe5 ! two4 ,f ?is & ! previ\s consid]ations tak5 toge!r x foll[s n only t su* explanations z are conta9$ 9 ! ,newtonian & ,d>w9ian !ories are entirely consi/5t ) !ism1 b also t !y are ! only k9d ( explanations ) :i* sci5ce c prop]ly conc]n itself at all4 ,to say t complex organisms 7 directly creat$ by ! ,deity is to make an ass]tion :i*1 h[ev] true 9 a !i/ic s5se1 is utt]ly b>r54 ,x is ( no pr(it to !ism1 :i* mu/ be tak5 = grant$ be=e ! ass]tion c be made2 & x is ( no pr(it to sci5ce1 :i* mu/ /ill ask its "q1 ,h[8#ae ,we are n[ prep>$ to see t ! !ological objection urg$ aga9/ ! ,newtonian & ,d>w9ian !ories has its roots 9 t imp]fect k9d ( !ism :i* ,augu/9e did s mu* to fa/5 ^u ! we/]n _w4 ,obvi\sly if ,leibnitz & ,agassiz _h be5 educat$ 9 t high] !ism %>$ by ,clem5t & ,a?anasius 9 anci5t times ) ,sp9oza & ,goe! 9 lat] days1--if !y _h be5 accu/om$ to conceive ( ,god z imman5t 9 ! univ]se & et]nally creative1--!n ! argum5t :i* !y urg$ ) s mu* feel+ w\ld nev] h occurr$ to !m4 ,by no possibility c\ld su* an argum5t h ent]$ _! m9ds4 ,to conceive ( physical =ces z p[]s ( :i* ! action c\ld 9 any wise be sub/itut$ = ! action ( ,deity w\ld 9 su* case h be5 absolutely impossible4 ,su* a conception involves ! idea ( ,god z remote f ! _w & act+ ^u x f outside4 ,! :ole notion ( :at !ological writ]s are fond ( call+ second>y causes involves su* an idea ( ,god4 ,! high] or ,a?anasian !ism kn[s no?+ ( second>y causes 9 a _w :]e e ev5t fl[s directly f ! et]nal ,fir/ ,cause4 ,x kn[s no?+ ( physical =ces save z imm$iate manife/ations ( ! omnipres5t creative p[] ( ,god4 ,9 ! p]sonification ( physical =ces1 & ! impli$ contra/ betwe5 _! action & t ( ,deity1 !re is some?+ v l a survival ( ! habits ( ?\ght :i* *>act]iz$ anci5t poly!ism4 ,:at are ^! p]sonifi$ =ces b little gods :o are suppos$ to be invad+ ! sacr$ doma9 ( ! rul] ,zeus8 ,:5 "o speaks ( sub/itut+ ! action ( ,gravitation = ! direct action ( ,deity1 does !re n hov] some:]e 9 ! dim backgr\nd ( ! conception a vague spectre ( ,gravitation 9 ! guise ( a rebelli\s ,titan8 ,d\btless x w\ld n be easy to br+ any "o to ackn[l$ge su* a *>ge1 b ! unse5 & unackn[l$g$ "p ( a fallacy is j t :i* is mo/ p]si/5t & mis*iev\s4 ,x is n s _m g5]ations1 aft] all1 s9ce our ance/ors 7 b>b>ians & poly!i/s2 & fragm5ts ( _! b>b>ic ?9k+ are cont9ually intrud+ unaw>es into ! mid/ ( our lately-acquir$ sci5tific culture4 ,9 mo/ philosophical discussions a great deal ( loose phraseology is us$1 9 ord] to f9d ! prop] connotations ( :i* we mu/ g back to primitive & untutor$ ages4 ,su* is em95tly ! case ) ! phrases 9 :i* ! =ces ( nature are p]sonifi$ & describ$ z some?+ else ?an manife/ations ( omnipres5t ,deity4 ,?is subject is ( su* imm5se importance t ,i mu/ illu/rate x f yet ano!r po9t ( view4 ,we mu/ obs]ve ! mann] 9 :i*1 along ) ! progress ( sci5tific discov]y1 !ological argum5ts h come to be p]meat$ by ! /range assumption t ! great] "p ( ! univ]se is godless4 ,"h aga9 we mu/ g back = a mom5t to ! primeval _w & obs]ve h[ beh9d e physical ph5om5on !re 7 suppos$ to be quasi-human passions & a quasi-human w4 ,n[ ! ph5om5a :i* 7 fir/ arrang$ & sy/ematiz$ 9 m5's ?\ghts1 & ?us made ! subject ( some?+ l sci5tific g5]alization1 7 ! simple/1 ! mo/ accessible1 & ! mo/ manageable ph5om5a2 & f ^! ! conception ( a quasi-human w soone/ fad$ away4 ,!re are savages :o believe t hat*ets & kettles h s\ls1 b m5 unque/ionably outgrew su* a belief z ?is long be=e !y outgrew ! belief t !re are gho/-l deities 9 ! tempe/1 or 9 ! sun & moon4 ,aft] _m ages ( culture1 m5 ceas$ to reg>d ! famili> & regul>ly-recurr+ ph5om5a ( nature z imm$iate results ( volition1 & res]v$ ?is primeval explanation = unusual or t]rible ph5om5a1 su* z comets & eclipses1 or fam9es & plagues4 ,z ! result ( ^! habits ( ?\ght1 9 c\rse ( "t1 ,nature seem$ to be divid$ into two anti!tical prov9ces4 ,on ! "o h&1 !re 7 ! ph5om5a t occurr$ ) a simple regul>ity :i* seem$ to exclude ! idea ( caprici\s volition2 & ^! 7 suppos$ to con/itute ! realm ( natural law4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re 7 ! complex & irregul> ph5om5a 9 :i* ! pres5ce ( law c\ld n s easily be detect$2 & ^! 7 suppos$ to con/itute ! realm ( imm$iate div9e action4 ,?is anti!sis has =ev] haunt$ ! m9ds ( m5 imbu$ ) ! l[] or ,augu/9ian !ism2 & su* h made up ! l>g] "p ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,x has t5d$ to make ! !ologians ho/ile to sci5ce & ! m5 ( sci5ce ho/ile to !ology4 ,= z sci5tific g5]alization has /eadily ext5d$ ! region ( natural law1 ! region :i* !ology has assign$ to div9e action has /eadily dim9i%$4 ,e discov]y 9 sci5ce has /ripp$ (f t]ritory f ! latt] prov9ce & add$ x to ! =m]4 ,e su* discov]y has accord+ly be5 promulgat$ & e/abli%$ 9 ! tee? ( bitt] & viol5t opposition on ! "p ( !ologians4 ,a desp]ate fight x has be5 = "s c5turies1 9 :i* sci5ce has won e disput$ position1 :ile !ology1 untaught by p]5nial defeat1 /ill valiantly def5ds ! little corn] t is left x4 ,/ill z ( old ! ord9>y !ologian re/s 8 case ^u ! assumption ( disord]1 caprice1 & miracul\s int]f]5ce ) ! c\rse ( nature4 ,he naively asks1 ,if plants & animals h be5 naturally orig9at$1 if ! _w z a :ole has be5 evolv$ & n manufactur$1 & if human actions con=m to law1 :at is !re left = ,god to d8 ,if n =mally repudiat$1 is he n ?ru/ back into ! pa/ et]nity1 z an ultimate s\rce ( ?+s1 :i* is po/ulat$ = =m's sake1 b might z well1 = all practical purposes1 be omitt$8#af ,! sci5tific inquir] may reply t ! difficulty is "o :i* !ology has creat$ = itself4 ,x is c]ta9ly n sci5ce t has relegat$ ! creative activity ( ,god to "s nameless mom5t 9 ! bygone et]nity & left him )\t occupation 9 ! pres5t _w4 ,x is n sci5ce t is responsible = ! mis*iev\s di/9ction betwe5 div9e action & natural law4 ,t di/9ction is hi/orically d]iv$ f a loose habit ( philosophiz+ *>act]i/ic ( ignorant ages1 & 0 bequea!d to mod]n times by ! !ology ( ! ,lat9 *ur*4 ,small blame to ! a!i/ :o1 />t+ ^u su* a basis1 ?9ks he c int]pret ! univ]se )\t ! idea ( ,god6 ,he is b do+ z well z he kn[s h[1 ) ! mat]ials giv5 him4 ,"o has only1 h[ev]1 to adopt ! high] !ism ( ,clem5t & ,a?anasius1 & ?is alleg$ antagonism betwe5 sci5ce & !ology1 by :i* s _m he>ts h be5 sadd5$1 s _m m9ds d>k5$1 vani%es at once & =ev]4 ,once really adopt ! conception ( an ev]-pres5t ,god1 )\t :om n a sp>r[ falls to ! gr\nd1 & x becomes self-evid5t t ! law ( gravitation is b an expression ( a p>ticul> mode ( div9e action4 ,& :at is ?us true ( "o law is true ( all laws4#ag ,! ?9k] 9 ^: m9d div9e action is ?us id5tifi$ ) ord]ly action1 & to :om a really irregul> ph5om5on w\ld seem l a manife/ation ( %e] diabolism1 =esees 9 e possible ext5sion ( k a fre% confirmation ( 8 fai? 9 ,god4 ,f 8 po9t ( view !re c be no antagonism betwe5 our duty z inquir]s & our duty z wor%ipp]s4 ,to him no "p ( ! univ]se is godless4 ,9 ! sway+ to & fro ( molecules & ! ceaseless pulsations ( e!r1 9 ! secul> %ift+s ( planet>y orbits1 9 ! busy "w ( fro/ & ra9drop1 9 ! my/]i\s spr\t+ ( ! se$1 9 ! ev]la/+ tale ( dea? & life r5ew$1 9 ! dawn+ ( ! babe's intellig5ce1 9 ! v>i$ de$s ( m5 f age to age1 he f9ds t :i* awak5s ! s\l to rev]5tial awe2 & ea* act ( sci5tific explanation b reveals an op5+ ?r\gh :i* %9es ! glory ( ! ,et]nal ,maje/y4 ,,viii4 ,an?ropomorphic ,conceptions ( ,god4 ,betwe5 ! two ideas ( ,god :i* we h exhibit$ 9 su* /rik+ contra/1 !re is nev]!less "o po9t ( resemblance2 & ?is po9t is fundam5tal1 s9ce x is ! po9t 9 virtue ( :i* bo? are entitl$ to be call$ !i/ic ideas4 ,9 bo? !re is presum$ to be a lik5ess ( "s sort betwe5 ,god & ,man4 ,9 bo? !re is an elem5t ( an?ropomorphism4 ,ev5 ^u ?is _! common gr\nd1 h[ev]1 !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! two conceptions4 ,9 ! "o ! an?ropomorphic elem5t is gross1 9 ! o!r x is ref9$ & subtle4 ,! diff]5ce is s f>-rea*+ t "s ye>s ago ,i propos$ to m>k x by contra/+ ^! two conceptions ( ,god z ,an?ropomorphic ,!ism & ,cosmic ,!ism4 ,= ! doctr9e :i* repres5ts ,god z imman5t 9 ! univ]se & reveal+ himself 9 ! ord]ly succession ( ev5ts1 ! "n ,cosmic ,!ism is em95tly appropriate3 b x is n int5d$ by ! anti!tic nom5clature to convey ! impression t 9 cosmic !ism !re is no?+ an?ropomorphic4#ah ,a !ory :i* %\ld reg>d ! ,human ,s\l z ali5 & isolat$ 9 ! univ]se1 )\t any l9ks unit+ x ) ! et]nal s\rce ( exi/5ce1 w\ld n be !ism at all4 ,x w\ld be ,a!ism1 :i* on its metaphysical side is ! d5ial ( any?+ psy*ical 9 ! univ]se outside ( human consci\sness4 ,x is f> en\gh f any su* doctr9e to ! cosmic !ism ( ,clem5t & ,orig51 ( ,sp9oza & ,less+ & ,s*lei]ma*]4 ,! diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ?is cosmic conception ( ,god & ! an?ropomorphic conception held by ,t]tullian & ,augu/9e1 ,calv9 & ,voltaire & ,paley1 is suffici5tly great to be describ$ z a contra/4 ,! explanation ( ! diff]5ce mu/ be s\ght f> back 9 ! hi/oric g5esis ( ! two conceptions4 ,cosmic !ism1 z we h se51 0 rea*$ ?r\gh nature-wor%ip ) its notion ( va/ elem5tal spirits indwell+ 9 physical ph5om5a4 ,an?ropomorphic !ism is desc5d$ f ! notion ( tutel> deities :i* 0 "p ( ! primitive ance/or-wor%ip4 ,9 ! process by :i* m5 atta9$ to cosmic !ism1 physical g5]alization 0 ! *ief ag5cy at "w2 b into an?ropomorphic !ism1 z we h se51 !re ent]$ conceptions d]iv$ f m5's political ?9k+4 ,= su* a p z ! ,romans1 :o c\ld deify ,imp]ator ,augu/us 9 j ! same way t ! ,japanese h deifi$ _! ,mikado1 x 0 natural1 & easy to conceive ( ,god z a mon>* en?ron$ 9 ! heav5s & surr\nd$ by a c\rt ( m9i/]+ angels4 ,su* 0 ! popul> conception 9 ! e>ly ages ( ,*ri/ianity1 & su* x has d\btless rema9$ ) ! mass ( un9/ruct$ p ev5 to ?is day4 ,! v grotesqu5ess ( ! idea1 z x appe>s to ! m9d ( a philosoph]1 is an index ( ! ease ) :i* x satisfies ! m9d ( an un$ucat$ man4 ,_m p]sons1 no d\bt1 h ent]ta9$ ?is idea ( ,god )\t ev] giv+ x v def9ite %ape1 & _m h recogniz$ x z 9 great measure symbolic3 yet no?+ c be m c]ta9 ?an t untold ?\s&s h conceiv$ x 9 its full int5sity ( an?ropomorphism4 ,alike 9 s]mons & !ological treatises1 9 /ately poetry & 9 e-day talk1 ! ,deity has be5 depict$ z pleas$ or angry1 z rep5t+ ( 8 own acts1 z soo!d by adulation & quick to wreak v5geance ^u silly p = blasphem\s rem>ks4 ,9 ^? curi\s bills ( exp5ses = ! m$ival miracle-plays1 along ) *>ges ( twop5ce = keep+ up a fyre at hell m\!1 we f9d su* items z a %ill+ = a purple coat = ,god4 ,9 "o ( ^! plays an angel :o has j witness$ ! crucifixion comes ru%+ into ,heav51 cry+1 ,wake up1 almighty ,fa!r6 ,"h are ^? begg>ly ,jews kill+ y\r son1 & y asleep "h l a drunk>d6 ,devil take me if ,i knew any?+ ab\t x6 is ! dr[sy reply4 ,n ! slighte/ irrev]5ce 0 int5d$ 9 ^! miracle-plays1 :i* 7 ! only dramatic p]=mances tol]at$ by ! m$ival *ur*1 = ! sake ( _! :olesome educational influ5ce ^u ! common p4 ,9 ! light ( su* facts1 "o sees t ! repres5tations ( ! ,deity z an old man ( augu/ pres5ce1 ) fl[+ hair & be>d1 by ! e>ly mod]n pa9t]s1 mu/ h meant to all save ! highe/ m9ds mu* m ?an a m]e symbol4 ,until "o's ?\ghts h become accu/om$ to range f> & wide ov] ! univ]se x is d\btless impossible to frame a conception ( ,deity t is n grossly an?ropomorphic4 ,i rememb] di/9ctly ! conception :i* ,i _h =m$ :5 five ye>s ( age4 ,i imag9$ a n>r[ (fice j ov] ! z5i?1 ) a tall /&+-desk runn+ l5g?wise1 ^u :i* lay sev]al op5 l$g]s b\nd 9 co>se lea!r4 ,!re 0 no ro( ov] ?is (fice1 & ! walls rose sc>cely five feet f ! floor1 s t a p]son /&+ at ! desk c\ld look out ^u ! :ole _w4 ,!re 7 two p]sons at ! desk1 & "o ( !m--a tall1 sl5d] man1 ( aquil9e features1 we>+ spectacles1 ) a p5 9 8 h& & ano!r beh9d 8 e>--0 ,god4 ,! o!r1 ^: appe>ance ,i d n di/9ctly recall1 0 an att5dant angel4 ,bo? 7 dilig5tly wat*+ ! de$s ( m5 & record+ !m 9 ! l$g]s4 ,to my infant m9d ?is picture 0 n grotesque1 b ineffably solemn1 & ! fact t all my words & acts 7 ?us writt5 d[n1 to confront me at ! day ( judgm5t1 seem$ naturally a matt] ( grave conc]n4 ,if we c\ld cross-"q all ! m5 & wom5 we "k1 & /ill m all ! *ildr51 we %\ld probably f9d t1 ev5 9 ?is enlight5$ age1 ! conceptions ( ,deity curr5t ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w conta9 mu* t is 9 ! crude/ s5se an?ropomorphic4 ,su*1 at any rate1 seems to be ! "* ( ! conceptions ) :i* we />t 9 life4 ,) ^? ^: /udies lead !m to pond] ^u ! subject 9 ! light ( enl>g$ exp]i5ce1 ^! conceptions become greatly modifi$4 ,!y lose _! an?ropomorphic def9it5ess1 !y gr[ vague by reason ( _! expansion1 !y become recogniz$ z l>gely symbolic1 b !y nev] q lose all traces ( _! primitive =m4 ,inde$1 z ,i said a mom5t ago1 !y _c d s4 ,! utt] demolition ( an?ropomorphism w\ld be ! demolition ( !ism4 ,we h n[ to see :at traces ( its primitive =m ! idea ( ,god c reta91 9 ! light ( our mod]n k ( ! univ]se4 ,,ix4 ,! ,argum5t f ,design4 ,! mo/ highly ref9$ & sci5tific =m ( an?ropomorphic !ism is t :i* we are accu/om$ to associate ) ,paley & ! au?ors ( ! ,bridgewat] treatises4 ,x is n peculi> to ,*ri/ianity1 s9ce x has be5 held by pagans & unbeliev]s z firmly z by ! dev\te/ memb]s ( ! *ur*4 ,! argum5t f design is z old z ,sokrates1 & 0 reli$ on by ,voltaire & ! ,engli% dei/s ( ! eighte5? c5tury no less ?an by ,dr4 ,*alm]s & ,sir ,*>les ,bell4 ,^u ?is !ory ! univ]se is suppos$ to h be5 creat$ by a ,be+ possess$ ( intellig5ce & volition ess5tially simil> to ! intellig5ce & volition ( ,man4 ,?is ,be+ is actuat$ by a desire = ! good ( 8 creatures1 & 9 pursuance !re( ent]ta9s purposes & adapts means to ends ) consummate +5uity4 ,! process by :i* ! _w 0 creat$ 0 analog\s to manufacture1 z be+ ! "w ( an intellig5t arti/ op]at+ ^u un9tellig5t mat]ials objectively exi/+4 ,x is 9 accordance ) ?is !ory t books on natural !ology1 z well z ^? text-books ( sci5ce :i* deem x edify+ to introduce !ological reflections :]e !y h no prop] place1 are fond ( speak+ ( ! ,div9e ,ar*itect or ! ,great ,design]4 ,?is !ory1 :i* is /ill commonly held1 0 9 high fav\r dur+ ! e>li] "p ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,9 view ( ! great & sudd5 advances :i* physical k 0 mak+1 x seem$ well wor? :ile to consecrate sci5ce to ! s]vice ( !ology2 & at ! same "t1 9 emphasiz+ ! argum5t f design1 !ology adopt$ ! me?ods ( sci5ce4 ,! attempt to discov] evid5ces ( b5efic5t purpose 9 ! /ructure ( ! eye & e>1 9 ! di/ribution ( plants & animals ov] ! e>?'s surface1 9 ! %apes ( ! planet>y orbits & ! incl9ations ( _! axes1 or 9 any o!r ( ! innum]able arrangem5ts ( nature1 0 an attempt at true induction2 & high praise is due to ! able m5 :o h devot$ _! en]gies to re9=c+ ! argum5t4 ,by f> ! great] "p ( ! evid5ce 0 naturally drawn f ! organic _w1 :i* began to be compreh5sively /udi$ 9 ! mutual relations ( all its p>ts 9 ! "t ( ,lam>ck & ,cuvi]4 ,! organic _w is full ( unspeakably beautiful & wond]ful adaptations betwe5 organisms & _! environm5ts1 z well z betwe5 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! same organism4 ,! unmi/akable end ( ^! adaptations is ! welf>e ( ! animal or plant2 !y conduce to l5g? & complet5ess ( life1 to ! p]man5ce & prosp]ity ( ! species4 ,= "s "t1 !re=e1 ! argum5ts ( natural !ology seem$ to be victori\s along ! :ole l9e4 ,! same k9d ( reason+ 0 pu%$ f>!r & f>!r to expla9 ! classification & morphology ( plants & animals2 until ! climax 0 rea*$ 9 ,agassiz's rem>kable ,essay on ,classification1 publi%$ 9 #ahei1 9 :i* e organic =m 0 n only reg>d$ z a concrete ?\ght ( ! ,creator int]pretable by ! human m9d1 b ?is k9d ( explanation 0 expressly urg$ z a sub/itute = inquiries into ! physical causes :]eby su* =ms might h be5 orig9at$4 ,9 its be/ days1 h[ev]1 !re 0 a s]i\s weakness 9 ! argum5t f design1 :i* 0 ably po9t$ out by ,mr4 ,mill1 9 an essay :]e9 he accords mu* m weight to ! g5]al argum5t ?an c\ld n[ by any possibility be grant$ x4 ,its fault 0 ! famili> logical weakness ( prov+ too mu*4 ,! v success ( ! argum5t 9 %[+ ! _w to h be5 ! "w ( an intellig5t ,design] made x impossible to suppose t ,creator to be at once omnipot5t & absolutely b5evol5t4 ,= no?+ c be cle>] ?an t ,nature is full ( cruelty & maladaptation4 ,9 e "p ( ! animal _w we f9d implem5ts ( torture surpass+ 9 devili% +5uity any?+ t 0 ev] se5 9 ! dungeons ( ! ,inquisition4 ,we are introduc$ to a sc5e ( incessant & univ]sal /rife1 ( :i* x is n app>5t on ! surface t ! outcome is ! good or ! happ9ess ( any?+ t is s5ti5t4 ,9 pre-,d>w9ian times1 be=e we _h gone bel[ ! surface1 no su* outcome 0 disc]nible4 ,(t51 inde$1 we f9d ! high] life wantonly sacrific$ to ! l[]1 z in/anc$ by ! myriads ( p>asites app>5tly creat$ = no o!r purpose ?an to prey ^u creatures bett] ?an !mselves4 ,su* consid]ations br+ up1 ) r5ew$ emphasis1 ! ev]la/+ problem ( ! orig9 ( evil4 ,if ! ,creator ( su* a _w is omnipot5t he _c be actuat$ solely by a desire = ! welf>e ( 8 creatures1 b mu/ h o!r ends 9 view to :i* ?is is 9 "s measure subord9at$4 ,or if he is absolutely b5evol5t1 !n he _c be omnipot5t1 b !re is some?+ 9 ! nature ( ?+s :i* sets limits to 8 creative p[]4 ,?is dilemma is z old z human ?9k+1 & x /ill rema9s a /umbl+-block 9 ! way ( any !ory ( ! univ]se t c possibly be devis$4 ,b x is an ob/acle especially =midable to any k9d ( an?ropomorphic !ism4 ,= ! only av5ue ( escape is ! assumption ( an inscrutable my/]y :i* w\ld conta9 ! solution ( ! problem if ! human intellect c\ld only p5etrate s f>2 & ! m closely we invite a comp>ison betwe5 div9e & human me?ods ( work+1 ! m d we close up t only outlet4 ,! practical solution (t5e/ adopt$ has be5 t :i* sacrifices ! ,creator's omnipot5ce 9 fav\r ( 8 b5evol5ce4 ,9 ! noble/ ( ! purely ,aryan religions--t ( :i* ! sacr$ lit]ature is conta9$ 9 ! ,z5dave/a--! evil _s ,ahriman exi/s indep5d5tly ( ! w ( ! good ,ormuzd1 & is acc\ntable = all ! s9 9 ! _w1 b 9 ! fullness ( "t he is to be b\nd 9 *a9s & %orn ( 8 p[] = mis*ief4#ai ,?is !ory has pass$ into ,*ri/5dom 9 ! =m ( ,mani*ism2 b its ess5tial features h be5 adopt$ by or?odox ,*ri/ianity1 :i* at ! same "t has tri$ to grasp ! o!r horn ( ! dilemma & save ! omnipot5ce ( ! ,deity by pay+ him :at ,mr4 ,mill calls ! d\btful complim5t ( mak+ him ! creator ( ! devil4 ,by ?is device ! ess5tial poly!ism ( ! conception is ?9ly veil$4 ,! confusion ( ?\ght has be5 p]si/5tly bl9k$ by ! popul> m9d2 b among ! pr(\nde/ ?9k]s ( ! ,aryan race !re h be5 two :o h explicitly adopt$ ! solution :i* limits ! ,creator's p[]4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,plato1 :o held t ,god's p]fect goodness has be5 p>tially ?w>t$ by ! intractabl5ess ( ! mat]ials he has _h to "w )4 ,?is !ory 0 c>ri$ to extremes by ^? ,gno/ics :o believ$ t ,god's "w consi/$ 9 r$eem+ a _w orig9ally creat$ by ! devil1 & 9 or?odox ,*ri/ianity x gave rise to ! ,augu/9ian doctr9e ( total depravity1 & ! philosophy ( ! plan ( salvation f\nd$ !reon4 ,! o!r great ?9k] :o adopt$ a simil> solution 0 ,leibnitz4 ,9 8 fam\s !ory ( optimism ! _w is by no means repres5t$ z p]fect2 x is only ! be/ ( all possible worlds1 ! be/ ! ,creator c\ld make out ( ! mat]ials at h&4 ,9 rec5t times ,mr4 ,mill %[s a m>k$ pref]5ce = ?is view1 & "o ( ! =emo/ religi\s tea*]s n[ liv+1 ,dr4 ,m>t9eau1 falls into a p>allel l9e ( ?9k+ 9 8 sugge/ion t ! prim>y qualities ( matt] con/itute a datum objective to ,god1 :o1 9 %ap+ ! orbits out ( imm5sity1 & det]m9+ seasons out ( et]nity1 c\ld b foll[ ! laws ( curvature1 measure1 & proportion4#bj ,b inde$ x is n necess>y to ref] to ! problem ( evil 9 ord] to %[ t ! argum5t f design _c prove ! exi/5ce ( an omnipot5t & b5evol5t ,design]4 ,x is n omnipot5ce t contrives & plans & adapts means to ends4 ,^! are ! me?ods ( f9ite intellig5ce2 !y imply ! ov]com+ ( ob/acles2 & to ascribe !m to omnipot5ce is to comb9e words t sev]ally possess mean+s into a phrase t has no mean+4 ,god said1 ,let !re be light3 & !re 0 light4 ,9 ?is noble description ( creative omnipot5ce "o w\ld se>* 9 va9 = any h9t ( contrivance4 ,! mo/ ! argum5t f design c\ld legitimately hope to accompli% 0 to make x seem probable t ! univ]se 0 wr\ght into its pres5t %ape by an intellig5t & b5evol5t ,be+ immeasurably sup]ior to ,man1 b f> f inf9ite 9 p[] & res\rces4 ,su* an argum5t h>dly rises to ! level ( true !ism4#ba ,x4 ,simile ( ! ,wat* replac$ by ,simile ( ! ,fl[]4 ,x 0 9 its own *os5 /ronghold t ?is once fam\s argum5t 0 de/9$ to meet its doom4 ,x 0 9 ! adaptations ( ! organic _w1 9 ! manifold h>monies betwe5 liv+ creatures & surr\nd+ circum/ances1 t x _h seem$ to f9d its *ief support2 & n[ came ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( natural selection1 & 9 ! tw9kl+ ( an eye knock$ all ?is support f "u x4 ,x is n t ! organism & its environm5t h be5 adapt$ to ea* o!r by an ex]cise ( creative intellig5ce1 b x is t ! organism is necess>ily fitt$ to ! environm5t because 9 ! p]5nial slaught] t has gone on f ! beg9n+ only ! fitte/ h surviv$4 ,or1 z x has be5 o!rwise express$1 ! e>? is suit$ to its inhabitants because x has produc$ !m1 & only su* z suit x live4 ,9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce no individual peculi>ity1 h[ev] slight1 t t5ds to ! pres]vation ( life is neglect$4 ,x is un]r+ly seiz$ ^u & propagat$ by natural selection1 & f ! cumulative action ( su* slight causes h come ! beautiful adaptations ( :i* ! organic _w is full4 ,! demon/ration ( ?is po9t1 ?r\gh ! lab\rs ( a :ole g5]ation ( naturali/s1 has be5 "o ( ! mo/ notable a*ievem5ts ( mod]n sci5ce1 & to ! !i/ic argum5ts ( ,paley & ! ,bridgewat] treatises x has dealt de/ruction4 ,b ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( natural selection does n /& alone4 ,x is "p ( a great] :ole4 ,x is ! mo/ conspicu\s portion ( t doctr9e ( evolution 9 :i* all ! results hi!rto atta9$ by ! great mod]n sci5tific movem5t are codifi$1 & :i* ,h]b]t ,sp5c] _h already begun to set =? 9 its ma9 outl9es be=e ! ,d>w9ian !ory _h be5 made kn[n to ! _w4 ,?is doctr9e ( evolution s f> ext5ds ! range ( our vision ?r\gh pa/ & future "t z entirely to alt] our conception ( ! univ]se4 ,our gr&fa!rs1 9 common ) all prec$+ g5]ations ( m51 c\ld & did suppose t at "s p>ticul> mom5t 9 ! pa/ et]nity ! _w 0 creat$ 9 v mu* ! %ape :i* x has at pres5t4 ,b our mod]n k does n all[ u to suppose any?+ ( ! sort4 ,we c c>ry back our ?\ghts ?r\gh a long succession ( great epo*s1 "s ( !m _m millions ( ye>s 9 duration1 9 ea* ( :i* ! innum]able =ms ( life t cov]$ ! e>? 7 v diff]5t f :at !y 7 9 all ! o!rs1 & 9 ev5 ! ne>e/ ( :i* !y 7 notably diff]5t f :at !y are n[4 ,we c g back /ill f>!r to ! eras :5 ! e>? 0 a :irl+ ball ( vap\r1 or :5 x =m$ an equatorial belt ^u a sun two hundr$ million miles 9 diamet]1 or :5 ! sun itself 0 b a giant nebula f :i* z yet no planet _h be5 born4 ,& ?r\gh all ! va/ sweep ( "t1 f ! simple primeval vap\r d[n to ! multif>i\s _w we "k to-day1 we see ! v>i\s =ms ( ,nature com+ into exi/5ce "o aft] ! o!r 9 accordance ) laws ( :i* we are already beg9n+ to trace ! "* & scope4 ,paley's simile ( ! wat* is no long] applicable to su* a _w z ?is4 ,x mu/ be replac$ by ! simile ( ! fl[]4 ,! univ]se is n a ma*9e1 b an organism1 ) an indwell+ pr9ciple ( life4 ,x 0 n made1 b x has gr[n4 ,t su* a *ange 9 our conception ( ! univ]se m>ks ! greate/ revolution t has ev] tak5 place 9 human ?9k+ ne$ sc>cely be said4 ,b ev5 9 ?is /atem5t we h n q reveal$ ! dep? ( ! *ange4 ,n only has mod]n sci5ce made x cle> t ! v>i$ =ms ( ,nature :i* make up ! univ]se h aris5 ?r\gh a process ( evolution1 b x has also made x cle> t :at we call ! laws ( ,nature h be5 evolv$ ?r\gh ! self-same process4 ,! axiom ( ! p]si/5ce ( =ce1 ^u :i* all mod]n sci5ce has come to re/1 involves z a necess>y coroll>y ! p]si/5ce ( ! relations betwe5 =ces2 s t1 />t+ ) ! p]si/5ce ( =ce & ! prim>y qualities ( matt]1 x c be %[n t all ^? uni=mities ( coexi/5ce & succession :i* we call natural laws h aris5 "o aft] ! o!r 9 connection ) ! =ms :i* h af=d$ ! occasions = _! manife/ation4 ,! all-p]vad+ h>mony ( ,nature is ?us itself a natural product1 & ! la/ in* ( gr\nd is cut away f "u ! !ologians :o suppose ! univ]se to h come into exi/5ce ?r\gh a sup]natural process ( manufacture at ! h&s ( a ,creator outside ( itself4 ,,xi4 ,! ,crav+ = a ,f9al ,cause4 ,x appe>s1 !n1 t ! idea ( ,god z remote f ! _w is n likely to survive ! revolution 9 ?\ght :i* ! rapid increase ( mod]n k has inaugurat$4 ,! knell ( an?ropomorphic or ,augu/9ian !ism has already s\nd$4 ,?is conclusion ne$ n1 h[ev]1 di/urb u :5 we consid] h[ imp]fect a =m ( !ism ?is is :i* mank9d is n[ outgr[+4 ,to get rid ( ! appe>ance ( antagonism betwe5 sci5ce & religion w ( itself be "o ( ! greate/ b5efits ev] conf]r$ ^u ! human race4 ,x w =w>d sci5ce & purify religion1 & x w g f> t[>d increas+ k9dness & mutual helpfulness among m54 ,s9ce su* happy results are likely to foll[ ! g5]al adoption ( ! cosmic or ,a?anasian =m ( !ism1 9 place ( ! o!r =m1 x becomes u to obs]ve m specifically ! mann] 9 :i* ?is high] !ism /&s relat$ to our mod]n k4 ,to e =m ( !ism1 z ,i h already urg$1 an an?ropomorphic elem5t is indisp5sable4 ,x is q true1 on ! "o h&1 t to ascribe :at we "k z human p]sonality to ! inf9ite ,deity /raightway l&s u 9 a contradiction1 s9ce p]sonality )\t limits is inconceivable4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 x is no less true t ! total elim9ation ( an?ropomorphism f ! idea ( ,god aboli%es ! idea itself4 ,?is difficulty ne$ n di%e>t5 u1 = x is no m ?an we mu/ expect to enc\nt] on ! ?re%old ( su* a problem z ! "o be=e u4 ,we d n approa* ! "q 9 ! _s ( ^? natural !ologians :o 7 s ready ) _! explanations ( ! div9e purposes4 ,we are aw>e t we see z ?r\gh a glass d>kly1 & we d n expect to ?9k ,god's ?\ghts aft] him save 9 ! crude/ symbolic fa%ion4 ,9 deal+ ) ! ,inf9ite we are confess$ly treat+ ( t :i* transc5ds our p[]s ( conception4 ,our ability to frame ideas is /rictly limit$ by exp]i5ce1 & our exp]i5ce does n furni% ! mat]ials = ! idea ( a p]sonality :i* is n n>r[ly hemm$ 9 by ! inexorable b>ri]s ( circum/ance4 ,we !re=e _c conceive su* an idea4 ,b x does n foll[ t !re is no reality answ]+ to :at su* an idea w\ld be if x c\ld be conceiv$4 ,! te/ ( inconceivability is only applicable to ! _w ( ph5om5a f :i* our exp]i5ce is ga!r$4 ,x fails :5 appli$ to t :i* lies beh9d ph5om5a4 ,i d n hold = ?is reason t we are ju/ifi$ 9 us+ su* an expression z inf9ite p]sonality 9 a philosophical inquiry :]e cle>ness ( ?\ght & spee* is above all ?+s desirable4 ,b ,i d hold1 mo/ emphatically1 t we are n deb>r$ f ascrib+ a quasi-psy*ical nature to ! ,deity simply because we c frame no prop] conception ( su* a nature z absolute & inf9ite4 ,! po9t is ( vital importance to !ism4 ,z ,kant has well said1 ! conception ( ,god involves n m]ely a bl9dly op]at+ ,nature z ! et]nal root ( ?+s1 b a ,supreme ,be+ t %all be ! au?or ( all ?+s by free & und]/&+ action2 & x is ?is conception :i* alone has any int]e/ = u4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ,kant says no?+ "h ab\t contrivance4 ,by ! phrase free & und]/&+ action he d\btless means mu* ! same t is "h meant by ascrib+ to ,god a quasi-psy*ical nature4 ,& ?us alone1 he says1 c we feel any int]e/ 9 !ism4 ,! ?\ght goes deep1 yet is pla9 en\gh to e "o4 ,! teleological in/9ct 9 ,man _c be suppress$ or ignor$4 ,! human s\l %r9ks f ! ?\ght t x is )\t ki? or k9 9 all ?is wide univ]se4 ,our reason dem&s t !re %all be a reasonabl5ess 9 ! con/itution ( ?+s4 ,?is dem& is a fact 9 our psy*ical nature z positive & irrepressible z our acceptance ( geometrical axioms & our rejection ( :atev] controv]ts su* axioms4 ,no +5uity ( argum5t c br+ u to believe t ! inf9ite ,su/a9] ( ! univ]se w put u to p]man5t intellectual confusion4 ,!re is 9 e e>ne/ ?9k] a crav+ aft] a f9al cause2 & ?is crav+ c no m be ext+ui%$ ?an our belief 9 objective reality4 ,no?+ c p]suade u t ! univ]se is a f>rago ( nons5se4 ,our belief 9 :at we call ! evid5ce ( our s5ses is less /rong ?an our fai? t 9 ! ord]ly sequ5ce ( ev5ts !re is a mean+ :i* our m9ds c\ld fa?om 7 !y only va/ en\gh4 ,d\btless 9 our own age1 ( :i* x is a mo/ heal?ful symptom t x que/ions ev]y?+1 !re are _m :o1 ?r\gh inability to assign ! gr\nds = su* a fai?1 h p]suad$ !mselves t x mu/ be a m]e sup]/ition :i* ought n to be *]i%$2 b x is n likely t any "o ( ^! has ev] really succe$$ 9 ridd+ himself ( x4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 ! only ultimate te/ ( reality is p]si/5ce1 & ! only measure ( validity among our prim>y beliefs is ! success ) :i* !y resi/ all ef=ts to *ange !m4 ,let u see1 !n1 h[ x is ) ! belief 9 ! ess5tial reasonabl5ess ( ! univ]se4 ,does ?is belief answ] to any outw>d reality8 ,is !re1 9 ! s*eme ( ?+s1 aught t ju/ifies ,man 9 claim+ k9%ip ( any sort ) ! ,god t is imman5t 9 ! _w8 ,! difficulty 9 answ]+ su* que/ions has its root 9 ! impossibility ( fram+ a repres5tative conception ( ,deity2 b x is a difficulty :i* may1 = all practical purposes1 be surm\nt$ by ! aid ( a symbolic conception4 ,,xii4 ,symbolic ,conceptions4 ,obs]ve ! mean+ ( ?is di/9ction4 ,( any simple object :i* c be grasp$ 9 a s+le act ( p]ception1 su* z a knife or a book1 an egg or an orange1 a circle or a triangle1 y c frame a conception :i* almo/ or q exactly repres5ts ! object4 ,! picture or visual image 9 y\r m9d :5 ! orange is pres5t to ! s5ses is almo/ exactly reproduc$ :5 x is abs5t4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ! two lies *iefly 9 ! relative vividness ( ! =m] z contra/$ ) ! relative fa9tness ( ! latt]4 ,b z ! objects ( ?\ght increase 9 size & 9 complexity ( detail1 ! case soon comes to be v diff]5t4 ,y _c frame a truly repres5tative conception ( ! t[n 9 :i* y live1 h[ev] famili> y may be ) its /reets & h\ses1 its p>ks & trees1 & ! looks & demean\r ( ! t[nsm52 x is impossible to embrace s _m details 9 a s+le m5tal picture4 ,! m9d mu/ range to & fro among ! ph5om5a 9 ord] to repres5t ! t[n 9 a s]ies ( conceptions4 ,b practically :at y h 9 m9d :5 y speak ( ! t[n is a fragm5t>y conception 9 :i* "s portion ( ! object is repres5t$1 :ile y are well aw>e t ) suffici5t pa9s a s]ies ( m5tal pictures c\ld be =m$ :i* w\ld approximately correspond to ! object4 ,t is to say1 ?is fragm5t>y conception /&s 9 y\r m9d z a symbol ( ! t[n4 ,to "s ext5t ! conception is repres5tative1 b to a great degree x is symbolic4 ,) a fur!r increase 9 ! size & complexity ( ! objects ( ?\ght1 our conceptions gradually lose _! repres5tative "*1 & at l5g? become purely symbolic4 ,no "o c =m a m5tal picture t answ]s ev5 approximately to ! e>?4 ,ev5 a homog5e\s ball eight ?\s& miles 9 diamet] is too va/ an object to be conceiv$ o!rwise ?an symbolically1 & mu* m is ?is true ( ! ball ^u :i* we live1 ) all its endless multi=mity ( detail4 ,we imag9e a globe & clo! x ) a few t]re/rial attributes1 & 9 our m9ds ?is fragm5t>y notion does duty z a symbol ( ! e>?4 ,! case becomes /ill m /rik+ :5 we h to deal ) conceptions ( ! univ]se1 ( cosmic =ces su* z light & heat1 or ( ! /up5d\s secul> *anges :i* mod]n sci5ce calls u to contemplate4 ,"h our conceptions _c ev5 pret5d to repres5t ! objects2 !y are z purely symbolic z ! algebraic equations :]eby ! geomet] expresses ! %apes ( curves4 ,yet s long z !re are means ( v]ification at our comm&1 we c reason z safely ) ^! symbolic conceptions z if !y 7 truly repres5tative4 ,! geomet] c at any mom5t translate 8 equation into an actual curve1 & !reby te/ ! results ( 8 reason+2 & ! case is simil> ) ! undulatory !ory ( light1 ! *emi/'s conception ( atomicity1 & o!r va/ /ret*es ( ?\ght :i* 9 rec5t times h revolutioniz$ our k ( ,nature4 ,! dang] 9 ! use ( symbolic conceptions is ! dang] ( fram+ illegitimate symbols t answ] to no?+ 9 heav5 or e>?1 z has happ5$ fir/ & la/ ) s _m %ort-liv$ !ories 9 sci5ce & 9 metaphysics4 ,=ew>n$ ( ?is dang]1 & !re=e--,i hope--=e>m$ aga9/ x1 let u see :at a sci5tific philosophy has to say ab\t ! ,p[] t is manife/$ 9 & ?r\gh ! univ]se4 ,,xiii4 ,! ,et]nal ,s\rce ( ,ph5om5a4 ,we h se5 t be=e m5 c\ld arrive at ! idea ( ,god1 be=e out ( ! old crude & fragm5t>y poly!isms !re c\ld be develop$ a pure & coh]5t !ism1 x 0 necess>y t physical g5]alization %\ld h advanc$ f> en\gh to enable !m1 h[ev] imp]fectly1 to reason ab\t ! univ]se z a :ole4 ,x 0 a fa9t glimpse ( ! unity ( ,nature t fir/ l$ m5 to ! conception ( ! unity ( ,god1 & z _! k ( ! ph5om5al fact becomes cle>]1 s mu/ _! grasp ^u ! n\m5al tru? beh9d x become firm]4 ,n[ ! :ole t5d5cy ( mod]n sci5ce is to impress ^u u ev] m =cibly ! tru? t ! entire kn[able univ]se is an imm5se unit1 animat$ ?r\gh\t all its p>ts by a s+le pr9ciple ( life4 ,?is conclusion1 :i* 0 long ago borne 9 ^u ! m9ds ( prophetic ?9k]s1 l ,sp9oza & ,goe!1 ?r\gh _! ke5 appreciation ( ! significance ( ! physical h>monies kn[n to !m1 has dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s receiv$ some?+ l a demon/ration 9 detail4 ,x is s9ce ,goe!'s dea?1 = example1 t x has be5 prov$ t ! ,newtonian law ( gravitation ext5ds to ! bodies :i* us$ to be call$ fix$ />s4 ,t su* 0 ! case 0 already mu* m ?an probable1 b s lately z #ahce !re 7 to be f\nd writ]s on sci5ce1 su* z ,comte1 :o d5i$ t x c\ld ev] be prov$4 ,b a /ill m impressive illu/ration ( ! unity ( ,nature is furni%$ by ! lum9if]\s e!r1 :5 consid]$ 9 connection ) ! discov]y ( ! correlation ( =ces4 ,! fa?omless abysses ( space c no long] be talk$ ( z empty2 !y are fill$ ) a wond]ful sub/ance1 unlike any ( ! =ms ( matt] :i* we c weigh & measure4 ,a cosmic jelly almo/ inf9itely h>d & ela/ic1 x (f]s at ! same "t no appreciable resi/ance to ! movem5ts ( ! heav5ly bodies4 ,x is s s5sitive t a %ock 9 any "p ( x causes a trem\r :i* is felt on ! surface ( c\ntless worlds4 ,radiat+ 9 e direction1 f millions ( c5tric po9ts1 run %iv]s ( undulation manife/$ 9 endless metamorphosis z heat1 or light1 or act9ism1 z magnetism or electricity4 ,cross+ "o ano!r 9 e imag9able way1 z if all space 7 cr[d$ ) a me%-"w ( n]ve-?reads1 ^! motions g on =ev] 9 a h>mony t no?+ di/urbs4 ,?us e "p ( ! univ]se %>es 9 ! life ( all ! o!r p>ts1 z :5 9 ! sol> atmosph]e1 pulsat+ at its temp]ature ( a million degrees ,fahr5heit1 a slight breeze in/antly sways ! ne$les 9 e compass-box on ! face ( ! e>?4 ,/ill fur!r /rik+ confirmation is f\nd 9 ! m>vell\s disclosures ( spectrum analysis4 ,to :atev] "p ( ! heav5s we turn ! telescope1 arm$ ) ?is new addition to our s5ses1 we f9d ! same *emical elem5ts ) :i* ! pres5t c5tury has made u famili> ^u ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,f ! di/ant worlds ( ,arcturus & ! ,pleiades1 :5ce ! swift ray ( light takes _m ye>s to rea* u1 x br+s ! /ory ( ! hydrog5 & oxyg51 ! vap\r ( iron or sodium1 :i* set x 9 motion4 ,?us 9 all p>ts ( ! univ]se t h fall5 )9 our k5 we f9d a unity ( *emical composition4 ,nebul1 />s1 & planets are all made ( ! same mat]ials1 & on e side we behold !m 9 diff]5t /ages ( developm5t1 worlds 9 ! mak+3 "h an irregul> nebula su* z our sol> sy/em once 01 !re a nebula ^: rotation has at l5g? wr\ght x into sph]oidal =m2 "h & !re />s ( v>i$ col\rs m>k+ diff]5t eras 9 *emical evolution2 n[ planets /ill p>tly inc&esc5t l ,saturn & ,jupit]1 !n planets l ,m>s & ! e>?1 ) cool atmosph]es & solid cont95ts & va/ oceans ( wat]2 & la/ly su* bodies z ! moon1 vap\rless1 rigid1 & cold 9 dea?4 ,/ill ne>] d we come t[>d realiz+ ! unity ( ,nature :5 we recollect t ! law ( evolution is n only ! same = all ^! v>i\s worlds1 b is also ! same ?r\gh\t all o!r ord]s ( ph5om5a4 ,n only 9 ! developm5t ( cosmical bodies1 includ+ ! e>?1 b also 9 ! developm5t ( life ^u ! e>?'s surface & 9 ! special developm5t ( ^? complex manife/ations ( life kn[n z human societies1 ! mo/ g5]al & fundam5tal features ( ! process are ! same1 s t x has be5 f\nd possible to express !m 9 a s+le univ]sal =mula4 ,& :at is mo/ /rik+ ( all1 ?is notable =mula1 "u :i* ,h]b]t ,sp5c] has succe$$ 9 g5]aliz+ ! ph5om5a ( univ]sal evolution1 0 d]iv$ f ! =mula "u :i* ,von ,ba] 9 #ahbi fir/ g5]aliz$ ! mode ( developm5t ( organisms f _! embryos4 ,t a law ( evolution fir/ p>tially detect$ among ! ph5om5a ( ! organic _w %\ld !reaft] n only be f\nd applicable to all o!r ord]s ( ph5om5a1 b %\ld f9d 9 ?is application its fir/ complete & coh]5t /atem5t1 is a fact ( wondr\s & />tl+ significance4 ,x means t ! univ]se z a :ole is ?rill+ 9 e fibre ) ,life1--n1 inde$1 life 9 ! usual re/rict$ s5se1 b life 9 a g5]al s5se4 ,! di/9ction1 once deem$ absolute1 betwe5 ! liv+ & ! n-liv+ is conv]t$ into a relative di/9ction2 & ,life z manife/$ 9 ! organism is se5 to be only a specializ$ =m ( ! ,univ]sal ,life4 ,! conception ( matt] z dead or in]t belongs1 inde$1 to an ord] ( ?\ght t mod]n k has entirely outgr[n4 ,if ! /udy ( physics has taught u any?+1 x is t n[h]e 9 ,nature is in]tness or quiesc5ce to be f\nd4 ,all is quiv]+ ) en]gy4 ,f p>ticle to p>ticle )\t cessation ! movem5t passes on1 reappe>+ f mom5t to mom5t "u myriad ,protean =ms1 :ile ! re>rangem5ts ( p>ticles incid5tal to ! movem5t con/itute ! qualitative diff]5ces among ?+s4 ,n[ 9 ! language ( physics all motions ( matt] are manife/ations ( =ce1 to :i* we c assign nei!r beg9n+ nor end4 ,matt] is inde/ructible1 motion is cont9u\s1 & b5ea? bo? ^! univ]sal tru?s lies ! fundam5tal tru? t =ce is p]si/5t4 ,! f>!/ rea* 9 sci5ce t has ev] be5 made 0 made :5 x 0 prov$ by ,h]b]t ,sp5c] t ! law ( univ]sal evolution is a necess>y consequ5ce ( ! p]si/5ce ( =ce4 ,x has %[n u t all ! myriad ph5om5a ( ! univ]se1 all its weird & subtle *anges1 9 all _! m9ut5ess f mom5t to mom5t1 9 all _! va/ness f age to age1 are ! manife/ations ( a s+le animat+ pr9ciple t is bo? inf9ite & et]nal4 ,by :at "n1 !n1 %all we call ?is animat+ pr9ciple ( ! univ]se1 ?is et]nal s\rce ( ph5om5a8 ,us+ ! ord9>y language ( physics1 we h j be5 call+ x ,=ce1 b su* a t]m 9 no wise enlight5s u4 ,tak5 by itself x is mean+less2 x acquires its mean+ only f ! relations 9 :i* x is us$4 ,x is a m]e symbol1 l ! algebraic expression :i* /&s = a curve4 ,( :at1 !n1 is x ! symbol8 ,! words :i* we use are s enwrapp$ 9 atmosph]es ( subtle associations t !y are liable to sway ! direction ( our ?\ghts 9 ways ( :i* we are (t5 unconsci\s4 ,x is highly desirable t physics %\ld h a ^w z ?or\ghly ab/ract1 z utt]ly empti$ ( all connotations ( p]sonality1 z possible1 s t x may be us$ l a ma!matical symbol4 ,su* a ^w is ,=ce4 ,b :at we are n[ deal+ ) is by no means a sci5tific ab/raction4 ,x is ! mo/ concrete & solid ( realities1 ! "o ,reality :i* und]lies all appe>ances1 & f ! pres5ce ( :i* we c nev] escape4 ,suppose1 !n1 t we translate our ab/ract t]m9ology into some?+ t is m concrete4 ,in/ead ( ! =ce :i* p]si/s1 let u speak ( ! ,p[] :i* is always & ev]y:]e manife/$ 9 ph5om5a4 ,our "q1 !n1 becomes1 ,:at is ?is inf9ite & et]nal ,p[] l8 ,:at k9d ( language %all we use 9 describ+ x8 ,c we reg>d x z 9 any wise mat]ial1 or c we speak ( its univ]sal & ceaseless activity z 9 any wise ! work+ ( a bl9d necessity8 ,= "h1 at l5g?1 we h p5etrat$ to ! inn]mo/ k]nel ( ! problem2 & ^u ! answ] mu/ dep5d our m5tal attitude t[>d ! my/]y ( exi/5ce4 ,! answ] is t we _c reg>d ! inf9ite & et]nal ,p[] z 9 any wise mat]ial1 nor c we attribute its work+s to bl9d necessity4 ,! et]nal s\rce ( ph5om5a is ! s\rce ( :at we see & he> & t\*2 x is ! s\rce ( :at we call matt]1 b x _c itself be mat]ial4 ,matt] is b ! g5]aliz$ "n we give to ^? modifications :i* we ref] imm$iately to an unkn[n some?+ outside ( ourselves4 ,x 0 long ago %[n t all ! qualities ( matt] are :at ! m9d makes !m1 & h no exi/5ce z su* ap>t f ! m9d4 ,9 ! deepe/ s5se all t we really "k is m9d1 & z ,clif=d w\ld say1 :at we call ! mat]ial univ]se is simply an imp]fect picture 9 our m9ds ( a real univ]se ( m9d-/uff4#bb ,our own m9d we "k directly2 our neighb\r's m9d we "k by inf]5ce2 t :i* is ext]nal to bo? is a ,p[] hidd5 f s5se1 :i* causes /ates ( consci\sness t are simil> 9 bo?4 ,su* /ates ( consci\sness we call mat]ial qualities1 & matt] is no?+ b ! sum ( su* qualities4 ,to speak ( ! hidd5 ,p[] itself z mat]ial is !re=e n m]ely to /ate :at is untrue1--x is to talk nons5se4 ,we are b\nd to conceive ( ! ,et]nal ,reality 9 t]ms ( ! only reality t we "k1 or else refra9 f conceiv+ x "u any =m :atev]4 ,b ! latt] alt]native is cle>ly impossible4#bc ,we might z well try to escape f ! air 9 :i* we brea! z to expel f consci\sness ! ,p[] :i* is manife/$ ?r\gh\t :at we call ! mat]ial univ]se4 ,b ! only conclusion we c consi/5tly hold is t ?is is ! v same p[] :i* 9 ourselves wells up "u ! =m ( consci\sness4 ,9 ! nature-wor%ip ( primitive m51 b5ea? all ! crudities ( ?\ght by :i* x 0 ov]laid & obscur$1 !re 0 ?us aft] all an ess5tial g]m ( tru? :i* mod]n philosophy is con/ra9$ to recognize & reit]ate4 ,z ! unity ( ,nature has come to be demon/rat$1 innum]able f9ite p[]s1 once conceiv$ z psy*ical & deifi$1 h be5 g5]aliz$ into a s+le inf9ite ,p[] t is /ill ?\ght ( z psy*ical4 ,f ! crude/ poly!ism we h ?us1 by a sl[ evolution1 arriv$ at pure mono!ism1--! recognition ( ! et]nal ,god indwell+ 9 ! univ]se1 9 :om we live & move & h our be+4 ,b 9 ?us conceiv+ ( ,god z psy*ical1 z a ,be+ ) :om ! human s\l 9 ! deepe/ s5se owns k9%ip1 we mu/ bew>e ( too c>elessly ascrib+ to ,him ^? specializ$ psy*ical attributes *>act]i/ic ( humanity1 :i* "o & all imply limitation & weakness4 ,we mu/ n =get ! w>n+ ( ! prophet ,isaiah3 ,my ?\ghts are n y\r ?\ghts1 nei!r are y\r ways my ways1 sai? ! ,"l4 ,= z ! heav5s are high] ?an ! e>?1 s are my ways high] ?an y\r ways1 & my ?\ghts ?an y\r ?\ghts4 ,omnisci5ce1 = example1 has be5 ascrib$ to ,god 9 e sy/em ( !ism2 yet ! psy*ical nature to :i* all ev5ts1 pa/1 pres5t1 & future1 c be always simultane\sly pres5t is cle>ly z f> remov$ f ! limit$ & s]ial psy*ical nature ( ,man z ! heav5s are high] ?an ! e>?4 ,we are n s presumptu\s1 !re=e1 z to attempt1 ) "s !ologians ( ! an?ropomorphic s*ool1 to inquire m9utely into ! "* ( ! div9e decrees & purposes4 ,b our task w\ld be ill-p]=m$ 7 no?+ m to be said ab\t t crav+ aft] a f9al cause :i* we h se5 to be an ess5tial elem5t 9 ,man's religi\s nature4 ,x rema9s to be %[n t !re is a reasonabl5ess 9 ! univ]se1 t 9 ! ord]ly sequ5ce ( ev5ts !re is a mean+ :i* appeals to our human intellig5ce4 ,)\t adopt+ ,paley's me?od1 :i* has be5 prov$ inadequate1 we may nev]!less boldly aim at an object l t at :i* ,paley aim$4 ,caution is ne$$1 s9ce we are deal+ ) a symbolic conception z to :i* ! v po9t 9 "q is :e!r !re is any reality t answ]s to x4 ,! problem is a h>d "o1 b "h we sudd5ly get p[]ful help f ! doctr9e ( evolution1 & especially f t "p ( x kn[n z ! ,d>w9ian !ory4 ,,xiv4 ,! ,p[] t makes = ,righte\sness4 ,al?\gh x 0 ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( natural selection :i* ov]?rew ! argum5t f design1 yet--z ,i h argu$ 9 ano!r place--:5 ?or\ghly und]/ood x w be f\nd to replace z mu* teleology z x de/roys4#bd ,inde$1 ! doctr9e ( evolution1 9 all its *apt]s1 has a c]ta9 teleological aspect1 al?\gh x does n employ ^? me?ods :i* 9 ! h&s ( ! *ampions ( f9al causes h be5 f\nd s mislead+4 ,! doctr9e ( evolution does n reg>d any giv5 arrangem5t ( ?+s z sci5tifically expla9$ :5 x is %[n to subs]ve "s good purpose1 b x seeks its explanation 9 su* antec$5t conditions z may h be5 compet5t to br+ ab\t ! arrangem5t 9 "q4 ,nev]!less1 ! doctr9e ( evolution is n only p]petually %[+ u ! purposes :i* ! arrangem5ts ( ,nature subs]ve1 b ?r\gh\t "o l>ge section ( ! gr\nd :i* x cov]s x po9ts to a disc]nible dramatic t5d5cy1 a cle>ly-m>k$ progress ( ev5ts t[>d a mighty goal4 ,n[ x especially conc]ns u to note t ?is l>ge section is j ! "o1 & ! only "o1 :i* our p[]s ( imag9ation are able to compass4 ,! a/ronomic /ory ( ! univ]se is altoge!r too va/ = u to compreh5d 9 su* wise z to tell :e!r x %[s any dramatic t5d5cy or n4#be ,b 9 ! /ory ( ! evolution ( life ^u ! surface ( our e>?1 :]e alone we are able to compass ! ph5om5a1 we see all ?+s work+ toge!r1 ?r\gh c\ntless ages ( toil & tr\ble1 t[>d "o glori\s consummation4 ,x is !re=e a fair inf]5ce1 ?\gh a bold "o1 t if our means ( exploration 7 su* t we c\ld compass ! /ory ( all ! sy/ems ( worlds t %9e 9 ! spaci\s firmam5t1 we %\ld be able to detect a simil> mean+4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! /ory :i* we c deciph] is suffici5tly impressive & consol+4 ,x clo!s our !i/ic belief ) moral significance1 reveals ! int5se & solemn reality ( religion1 & fills ! he>t ) tid+s ( great joy4 ,! glori\s consummation t[>d :i* organic evolution is t5d+ is ! production ( ! highe/ & mo/ p]fect psy*ical life4 ,already ! g]ms ( ?is conclusion exi/$ 9 ! ,d>w9ian !ory z orig9ally /at$1 ?\gh m5 7 = a "t too busy ) o!r aspects ( ! !ory to pay due att5tion to !m4 ,9 ! natural selection ( su* individual peculi>ities z conduce to ! survival ( ! species1 & 9 ! evolution by ?is process ( high] & high] creatures end[$ ) capacities = a ri*] & m v>i$ life1 !re might h be5 se5 a well-m>k$ dramatic t5d5cy1 t[>d ! dn\em5t ( :i* e "o ( ! myriad little acts ( life & dea? dur+ ! entire s]ies ( geologic ons 0 assi/+4 ,! :ole s*eme 0 teleological1 & ea* s+le act ( natural selection _h a teleological mean+4 ,h]e9 lies ! reason :y ! !ory s quickly de/roy$ t ( ,paley4 ,x did n m]ely refute x1 b supplant$ x ) explanations :i* _h ! m]it ( be+ truly sci5tific1 :ile at ! same "t !y hit ! m>k at :i* natural !ology _h unsuccessfully aim$4 ,su* 0 ! case ) ! ,d>w9ian !ory z fir/ ann\nc$4 ,b s9ce x has be5 m fully /udi$ 9 its application to ! g5esis ( ,man1 a wond]ful flood ( light has be5 ?r[n ^u ! mean+ ( evolution1 & !re appe>s a reasonabl5ess 9 ! univ]se su* z _h n appe>$ be=e4 ,x has be5 %[n t ! g5esis ( ,man 0 due to a *ange 9 ! direction ( ! work+ ( natural selection1 :]eby psy*ical v>iations 7 select$ to ! neglect ( physical v>iations4 ,x has be5 %[n t "o *ief result ( ?is *ange 0 ! l5g!n+ ( infancy1 :]eby ,man appe>$ on ! sc5e z a pla/ic creature capable ( unlimit$ psy*ical progress4 ,x has be5 %[n t "o *ief result ( ! l5g!n+ ( infancy 0 ! orig9ation ( ! family & ( human society end[$ ) rudim5t>y moral ideas & moral s5tim5ts4 ,x has be5 %[n t ?r\gh ^! cop]at+ processes ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,man & all l[] creatures has come to be a diff]5ce 9 k9d transc5d+ all o!r diff]5ces2 t 8 appe>ance ^u ! e>? m>k$ ! beg9n+ ( ! f9al /age 9 ! process ( developm5t1 ! la/ act 9 ! great drama ( creation2 & t all ! rema9+ "w ( evolution mu/ consi/ 9 ! p]fect+ ( ! creature ?us m>vell\sly produc$4 ,x has be5 fur!r %[n t ! p]fect+ ( ,man consi/s ma9ly 9 ! ev]-increas+ pr$om9ance ( ! life ( ! s\l ov] ! life ( ! body4 ,& la/ly1 x has be5 %[n t1 :]eas ! e>li] /ages ( human progress h be5 *>act]iz$ by a /ruggle = exi/5ce l t ?r\gh :i* all l[] =ms ( life h be5 develop$1 nev]!less ! action ( natural selection ^u ,man is com+ to an end1 & 8 future developm5t w be accompli%$ ?r\gh ! direct adaptation ( 8 wond]fully pla/ic intellig5ce to ! circum/ances 9 :i* x is plac$4 ,h5ce x has appe>$ t w> & all =ms ( /rife1 hav+ ceas$ to dis*>ge _! normal function1 & hav+ ?us become unnecess>y1 w sl[ly die out2#bf t ! feel+s & habits adapt$ to ages ( /rife w ultimately p]i% f disuse2 & t a /age ( civilization w be rea*$ 9 :i* human sympa?y %all be all 9 all1 & ! _s ( ,*ri/ %all reign supreme ?r\gh\t ! l5g? & bread? ( ! e>?4 ,^! conclusions1 ) ! gr\nds ^u :i* !y are bas$1 h be5 succ9ctly set =? 9 my little book entitl$ ,! ,de/9y ( ,man view$ 9 ! ,light ( 8 ,orig94 ,/>tl+ z !y may h seem$ to "s1 !y are no m s ?an _m ( ! o!r tru?s :i* h be5 br\ght home to u dur+ ?is unprec$5t$ age4 ,!y are ! fruit ( a wide induction f ! mo/ vitally important facts :i* ! doctr9e ( evolution has set =?2 & !y may fairly claim recognition z an integral body ( philosophic doctr9e fit to /& ! te/ ( "t4 ,"h !y are summ>iz$ z ! f9al /ep 9 my argum5t conc]n+ ! true nature ( !ism4 ,!y add new mean+s to ! idea ( ,god1 z x is affect$ by mod]n k1 :ile at ! same "t !y d b give articulate voice to "t-hon\r$ tru?s :i* x 0 fe>$ ! skepticism ( our age might h r5d]$ dumb & p[]less4 ,= if we express 9 its mo/ conc5trat$ =m ! mean+ ( ^! conclusions reg>d+ ,man's orig9 & de/9y1 we f9d t x af=ds ! full ju/ification ( ! fundam5tal ideas & s5tim5ts :i* h animat$ religion at all times4 ,we see ,man /ill ! cr[n & glory ( ! univ]se & ! *ief object ( div9e c>e1 yet /ill ! lame & halt+ creature1 load$ ) a brute-inh]itance ( orig9al s91 ^: ultimate salvation is sl[ly to be a*iev$ ?r\gh ages ( moral discipl9e4 ,we see ! *ief ag5cy :i* produc$ him--natural selection :i* always works ?r\gh /rife--ceas+ to op]ate ^u him1 s t1 until human /rife %all be br\ght to an end1 !re goes on a /ruggle betwe5 8 l[] & 8 high] impulses1 9 :i* ! high] mu/ f9ally conqu]4 ,& 9 all ?is we f9d ! /ronge/ imag9able inc5tive to "r liv+1 yet "o t is /ill ! same 9 pr9ciple ) t set =? by ! great ,tea*] :o fir/ br\ght m5 to ! k ( ! true ,god4 ,z to ! conception ( ,deity1 9 ! %ape impress$ ^u x by our mod]n k1 ,i believe ,i h n[ said en\gh to %[ t x is no empty =mula or metaphysical ab/raction :i* we w\ld seek to sub/itute = ! liv+ ,god4 ,! inf9ite & et]nal ,p[] t is manife/$ 9 e pulsation ( ! univ]se is none o!r ?an ! liv+ ,god4 ,we may exhau/ ! res\rces ( metaphysics 9 debat+ h[ f> 8 nature may fitly be express$ 9 t]ms applicable to ! psy*ical nature ( ,man2 su* va9 attempts w only s]ve to %[ h[ we are deal+ ) a !me t mu/ ev] transc5d our f9ite p[]s ( conception4 ,b ( "s ?+s we may feel sure4 ,humanity is n a m]e local incid5t 9 an endless & aimless s]ies ( cosmical *anges4 ,! ev5ts ( ! univ]se are n ! "w ( *ance1 nei!r are !y ! outcome ( bl9d necessity4 ,practically !re is a purpose 9 ! _w :]e( x is our highe/ duty to le>n ! lesson1 h[ev] well or ill we may f>e 9 r5d]+ a sci5tific acc\nt ( x4 ,:5 f ! dawn ( life we see all ?+s work+ toge!r t[>d ! evolution ( ! highe/ spiritual attributes ( ,man1 we "k1 h[ev] ! words may /umble 9 :i* we try to say x1 t ,god is 9 ! deepe/ s5se a moral ,be+4 ,! ev]la/+ s\rce ( ph5om5a is none o!r ?an ! inf9ite ,p[] t makes = righte\sness4 ,?\ can/ n by se>*+ f9d ,him out2 yet put ?y tru/ 9 ,him1 & aga9/ !e ! gates ( hell %all n prevail2 = !re is nei!r wisdom nor und]/&+ nor c\nsel aga9/ ! ,et]nal4 ,,notes4 ,a4--,,m$itations ,,( ,a ,,savage4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( ! great my/]y ( exi/5ce1 ! ?\ghts ( ! untutor$ savage are n always s v unlike ^? ( civiliz$ m51 z we may see f ! foll[+ pa!tic words ( a ,kafir1 nam$ ,sekese1 9 conv]sation ) a ,fr5* travell]1 ,m4 ,arbr\seille1 on ! subject ( ! ,*ri/ian religion3-- ,y\r tid+s1 said ?is uncultivat$ b>b>ian1 are :at ,i want1 & ,i 0 seek+ be=e ,i knew y1 z y %all he> & judge = y\rself4 ,twelve ye>s ago ,i w5t to fe$ my flocks2 ! wea!r 0 hazy4 ,i sat d[n ^u a rock & ask$ myself sorr[ful que/ions2 yes1 sorr[ful1 because ,i 0 unable to answ] !m4 ,:o has t\*$ ! />s ) 8 h&s--on :at pill>s d !y re/1 ,i ask$ myself4 ,! wat]s nev] we>y1 !y "k no o!r law ?an to fl[ )\t ceas+ f morn+ till night & f night till morn+2 b :]e d !y /op1 & :o makes !m fl[ ?us8 ,! cl\ds also come & g1 & bur/ 9 wat] ov] ! e>?4 ,:5ce come !y--:o s5ds !m8 ,! div9]s c]ta9ly d n give u ra92 = h[ c\ld !y d x8 & :y d n ,i see !m ) my own eyes :5 !y g up to heav5 to fet* x8 ,i _c see ! w9d2 b :at is x8 :o br+s x1 makes x bl[ & ro> & t]rify u8 ,d ,i "k h[ ! corn spr\ts8 ,ye/]day !re 0 n a blade 9 my field1 to-day ,i return$ to ! field & f\nd "s2 :o c h giv5 to ! e>? ! wisdom & ! p[] to produce x8 ,!n ,i buri$ my head 9 bo? my h&s4--,cit$ 9 ,,picton1 ,my/]y ( ,matt]1 p4 #bbb4 ,b4--,,! ,,"n ,,god4 ,none ( ! diction>ies (f] a satisfactory explanation ( ! ^w ,god4 ,x 0 once commonly suppos$ to be relat$ to ! adjective good1 b ,grimm long ago %[$ t ?is connection is1 to say ! lea/1 v improbable4 ,x has also be5 s\ght to id5tify x ) ,p]sian ,khod1 f ,z5d qvadata1 ,skr4 svadata1 ,lat4 a se datus1 9 :i* ! idea is t ( self-exi/5ce2 b ?is fanciful etymology 0 explod$ by ,aufre*t4 ,! arrant guesswork ( ,donaldson1 :o w\ld connect ,god ) kalos1 & !os ) ti?mi 7,new ,cratylus1 p4 #gaj71 sc>cely des]ves m5tion 9 ^! days4 ,among ! m sci5tific philologi/s ( our "t1 ,augu/ ,fick1 9 treat+ ( ! ,worts*atz d] g]manis*5 ,spra*e9heit1 simply ref]s ,god to a primitive ,teutonic gu?a1 & says no m ab\t x4 7,v]gl4 ,wo]t]bu* d] indog]manis*5 ,spra*51 ,,iii4 #ajg47 ,he is foll[$ by ,skeat 7,etymological ,diction>y1 p4 #bch71 :o adds t !re is no connection ) good4 ,edu>d ,mll] says3 ,s b$5kli* die zusamm5/ellung mit good1 s fragli* i/ do* au* no* die urv]w&ts*aft mit p]s4 ,khod gott1 od] skr4 gdha my/]ium1 od] skr4 guddha purus2 ,heyne3 'als si* v]hll5d]1 unsi*tb>]1 vgl4 skr4 guh fr gudh cel>e4' 7,wo]t]bu* d] englis*5 ,spra*e1 p4 #def47 ,max ,mll] has mu* m plausibly sugge/$ t ,god 0 =m]ly a hea!n "n = ! ,deity1 :i* pass$ into ,*ri/ian usage1 l ! ,lat9 ,deus4 7,sci5ce ( ,language1 #f? ed4 ,,ii4 #cag47 ,foll[+ ?is h9t1 ,i sugge/$1 sev]al ye>s ago 7,nor? ,am]4 ,review1 ,oct4 #ahfi1 p4 #ced71 t ,god is probably id5tical ) ,wodan or ,od91 ! "n ( ! great ,nor!rn deity1 ! *ief object ( ! wor%ip ( our =efa!rs4 ,?is relation ( an initial ,g to an initial ,w is a v common "o2 z = example ,guillaume & ,william1 gu]re & w>1 gu>dian & w>d51 guile & wile4 ,! same ?+ is se5 9 ,armorican gua/a & ,ital4 gua/>e1 z comp>$ ) ,lat4 va/>e1 ,eng4 wa/e2 & 9 ! ,eng4 quick1 ,go?4 quivs1 ,lat4 vivus4 ,9 ,er*emp]t's ,hi/oria ,langob>dorum1 #aa1 ,p]tz1 ,,iii4 #bde1 we f9d ,ludoguicus = ,ludovicus4 ,n only is ?is relation a common "o1 b !re are pl5ty ( specific in/ances ( x 9 ! case ( ,wodan4 ,9 ,g]many we h ! t[n names ( ,godesb]g1 ,gud5b]g1 & ,god5%olt1 all d]iv$ f ,wodan4 ,9 ! ,we/phalian dialect1 ,w$nesday 7day ( ,wodan7 is call$ ,god5/ag or ,gun/ag2 9 ,ne!r-,rh5i%1 ,gud5/ag2 9 ,flemi%1 ,go5/ag4 ,see ,?orpe1 ,nor!rn ,my?ol4 ,i4 #bbi2 ,taylor1 ,words & ,places1 #cbc2 & cf4 ,grimm1 ,ges*4 d] deuts*5 ,spra*e1 #bif4 ,! ,we/phalian ,saxons wrote bo? ,guodan & ,gudan4 ,od9 0 also call$ ,god9 7,la+1 ,heimskr+la1 ,i4 #gd71 & ,paulus ,diaconus tells u t ! ,lomb>ds pron\nc$ ,wodan z ,guodan4 ,9 view ( su* a conv]g5ce ( pro(s1 ,i am surpris$ t att5tion 0 n long ago call$ to ?is etymology4 ,wodan 0 orig9ally ! /orm-_s or animat+ g5ius ( ! w9d1 answ]+ 9 _m respects to ! ,greek ,h]mes & ! ,v$ic ,s>ameyas4 ,see my ,my?s & ,my?-mak]s1 #ai1 #bj1 #cb1 #ce1 #fg1 #abd1 #bjd2 & cf4 ,mackay1 ,religi\s ,developm5t ( ! ,greeks & ,hebrews1 i4 #bfj-bgc4 ,,ref]5ces4 ,m4 ,m41 ,my?s & ,my?-mak]s1 #ahgb2 ,c4 ,p41 ,outl9es ( ,cosmic ,philosophy1 #ahgd2 ,u4 ,w41 ,! ,unse5 ,_w1 #ahgf2 ,d41 ,d>w9ism & ,o!r ,essays1 #ahgi2 ,e4 ,e41 ,excursions ( an ,evolutioni/1 #ahhd2 ,d4 ,m41 ,! ,de/9y ( ,man1 #ahhd2 ,a4 ,p4 ,i41 ,am]ican ,political ,ideas1 #ahhe4 #a ,e4 ,e4 #ef-gg4 #b ,c4 ,p4 i4 #bcj4 #c ,c4 ,p4 i4 #aeg1 #agg-agi4 #d ,m4 ,m4 #ah-ba1 et passim4 #e ,m4 ,m4 #bbj4 #f ,m4 ,m4 #bcb4 #g ,m4 ,m4 #bcf2 ,e4 ,e4 #bea4 #h ,a4 ,p4 ,i4 #gh1 #ha4 #i ,u4 ,w4 #aj4 #aj ,d4 ,m4 #ajd-ajg4 #aa ,e4 ,e4 #bfb4 #ab ,m4 ,m4 #bcf4 #ac ,c4 ,p4 ii4 #chc4 #ad ,u4 ,w4 #aah4 #ae ,d4 #e-h2 ,c4 ,p4 ii4 #bhc4 #af1 #ag ,c4 ,p4 ii4 #dbh4 #ah ,c4 ,p4 i4 #ahc2 ii4 #ddi4 #ai ,m4 ,m4 #abb4 #bj ,c4 ,p4 ii4 #dje4 #ba ,c4 ,p4 ii4 #cha-daj4 #bb ,e4 ,e4 #cbg-ccf4 #bc ,c4 ,p4 ii4 #ddi4 #bd ,d4 ,m4 #aac2 cf4 ,c4 ,p4 ii4 #djf4 #be ,d4 #ajc4 #bf ,d4 ,m4 #gg-ie2 ,a4 ,p4 ,i4 #aja-aeb4 ,,important ,,books ,,by ,,john ,,fiske4 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,cosmic ,,philosophy1 bas$ on ! ,doctr9e ( ,evolution4 ,) ,criticisms on ! ,positive ,philosophy4 #b vols4 #hvo1 pp4 #dfe1 #ebc1 #f4jj4 ,mr4 ,,d>w91 aft] read+ ?is "w1 wrote z foll[s to ,mr4 ,fiske3-- ,y mu/ all[ me to ?ank y = ! v great int]e/ ) :i* ,i h at la/ sl[ly read ! :ole ( y\r "w4444 ,i nev] 9 my life read s lucid an expositor 7& !re=e ?9k]7 z y are2 & ,i ?9k t ,i und]/& ne>ly ! :ole1 ?\gh p]haps less cle>ly ab\t cosmic !ism & causation ?an o!r p>ts4 ,x is hopeless to attempt out ( s mu* to specify :at has int]e/$ me mo/1 & probably y w\ld n c>e to he>4 ,x pleas$ me to f9d t "h & !re ,i _h arriv$1 f my own crude ?\ghts1 at "s ( ! same conclusions ) y1 ?\gh ,i c\ld seldom or nev] h giv5 my reasons = su* conclusions4 ,?is "w ( ,mr4 ,fiske's may be n unfairly designat$ ! mo/ important contribution yet made by ,am]ica to philosophical lit]ature4444 ,8 !ory ( ! influ5ce ( prolong$ infancy ^u social developm5t 7,"p ,,ii41 *ap4 xxii47 entitles ,mr4 ,fiske's "w to be consid]$ a di/9ctly important contribution to ! !ory ( ! orig9 ( species1 & ( ! orig9 ( man 9 p>ticul>4--,academy 7,london74 ,8 mo/ important sugge/ion1 t ( ! influ5ce ( ! long p]iod ( feeble adolesc5ce ^u man's social developm5t1 is1 we ?9k1 a p]man5t contribution to ! developm5t !ory4--,nation 7,new ,york74 ,he recognizes ,mr4 ,sp5c] z 8 tea*] & guide2 b he has m\ld$ ! doctr9es ( 8 ma/] into a popul> =m1 surr\nd$ !m ) fre% & vivid illu/rations1 po9t$ out _! be>+ ^u great practical que/ions ( ! day1 & amply suppli$ ! read] ) mat]ials = =m+ an intellig5t judgm5t ) respect to _! m]its4 ,mr4 ,fiske is himself a ?9k] ( r>e acut5ess & dep?2 8 afflu5t /ore ( k is exhibit$ on e page2 & 8 ma/]y ( expression is equal to 8 subtlety ( speculation4--,,george ,,ripley1 9 ,tribune 7,new ,york74 ,mr4 ,fiske's "w 444 is ! fir/ important contribution made by ,am]ica to ! evolution philosophy1 444 & is well wor? ! /udy ( all :o wi% to see at once ! entire scope & purport ( ! sci5tific dogmatism ( ! day4--,saturday ,review 7,london74 ,! au?or ass]ts t a sy/em ( philosophy has be5 con/ruct$1 out ( purely sci5tific mat]ials1 444 :i* opposes a direct negative to e "o ( ! !orems ( :i* ,positivism is made up4--,scotsman 7,ed9burgh74 ,mr4 ,fiske is n a m]e compil] f ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s works1 nor is he simply a popul>iz] ( an ab/ruse !ory4 ,he works 8 way to ! *ief results ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s argum5t ) indep5d5ce & self-reliance4 ,9 _m places he has pres5t$ 8 ma/]'s doctr9e 9 new aspects or c>ri$ x =w>d to new conclusions1 :ile ?r\gh\t he adds some?+ to ! orig9al f :i* he draws by fre%ness ( illu/ration & individuality ( lit]>y /yle4444 ,x is curi\s to note ! almo/ fi]ce p]si/5ce ) :i* ! au?or returns aga9 & aga9 to an attack on ! doctr9es ( ,comte4444 ,! mo/ /rik+ "p ( ,mr4 ,fiske's social speculations is ! hypo!sis by :i* he proposes to bridge ov] ! gulf :i* divides ! m]ely greg>i\s & sympa!tic brutes f morally con/itut$ man 7,"p ,,ii41 *ap4 xxii474--,,james ,,sully1 9 ,exam9] 7,london74 ,mr4 ,fiske is a disciple :o ?9ks = himself1 & :o has no hesitation1 :5 necess>y1 9 criticis+ him :om he ackn[l$ges z ma/]4444 ,he is s ?or\ghly imbu$ ) ! philosophic _s t 8 "w m]its a c>eful p]usal2 x has ! especial attraction ( be+ writt5 9 excell5t temp] & admirable ,engli%4--,daily ,news 7,london74 ,mr4 ,fiske's "w %[s a complete & indep5d5t ma/]y ( ! subject 9 all its be>+s1 toge!r ) a p[] ( lucid & vigor\s exposition unexcell$ 9 any philosophical "w ) :i* we are acqua9t$4--,daily ,globe 7,bo/on74 ,x is our be/ ,am]ican book on ! evolution philosophy1 & des]ves to rank ) ! productions ( ! great ,engli% ?9k]s4--,index 7,bo/on74 ,,d>w9ism ,,& ,,o!r ,,essays4 ,new ,edition1 enl>g$4 #abmo1 pp4 #bhc1 #b4jj4 ,,cont5ts3 ,d>w9ism ,v]ifi$2 ,mr4 ,miv>t on ,d>w9ism2 ,dr4 ,bateman on ,d>w9ism2 ,dr4 ,b*n] on ,d>w9ism2 ,a ,crumb = ! ,mod]n ,symposium2 ,*auncey ,wright2 ,:at is ,inspiration8 ,mod]n ,wit*craft2 ,comte's ,positive ,philosophy2 ,mr4 ,buckle's ,fallacies2 ,po/script on ,mr4 ,buckle2 ,! ,races ( ! ,danube2 ,lib]al ,education2 ,univ]sity ,re=m2 ,a ,libr>ian's ,"w4 ,if ev] !re 0 a _s ?or\ghly invigorat$ by ! joy ( "r und]/&+ x is t ( ! au?or ( ^! pieces4 ,ev5 ! read] cat*es some?+ ( 8 intellectual buoyancy1 & is ?us c>ri$ almo/ lightly ?r\gh discussions :i* w\ld be h>d & dry 9 ! h&s ( a less animat$ writ]4444 ,no less confid5t & s]5e ?an 8 acceptance ( ! utmo/ logical results ( rec5t sci5tific discov]y is ,mr4 ,fiske's assurance t ! f\ndations ( spiritual tru?s1 s call$1 _c possibly be %ak5 !reby4444 ,w>m p]sonal admiration & acute critical disc]nm5t c\ld n well be bl5d$ 9 f9] proportions ?an 9 ! article on ! lam5t$ ,mr4 ,wright4444 ,! article on ,mr4 ,buckle's ,fallacies has "o aspect m rem>kable ?an all ! re/4 ,x 0 writt5 & publi%$ :5 ! ,hi/ory ( ,civilization 0 new1--t is to say1 :5 ! writ] 0 n9ete5 ye>s ( age2 & ! ye>s--almo/ n9ete5 m--:i* h elaps$ s9ce !n h r confirm$ ?an detract$ f its value z a piece ( criticism4 ,! judgm5t ( po/]ity on ! mo/ ambiti\s book ( its g5]ation1 & "o ( ! mo/ bewild]+1 0 actually anticipat$ by a /ripl+1 & its f9al rank assign$ ) s+ul> fairness & precision4 ,sc>cely ev5 9 ! /yle is !re a trace ( immaturity4444 ,! essay on ! ,races ( ! ,danube =cibly sugge/s ! idea t ,mr4 ,fiske has qualities ( m9d1 almo/ unus$ hi!rto1 :i* w\ld make him an exceptionally valuable writ] ( hi/ory4--,atlantic ,mon?ly4 ,! article on ! ,races ( ! ,danube %[s t ,mr4 ,fiske has a special tal5t = hi/ory4--,nation 7,new ,york74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,my?s ,,& ,,my?-,,mak]s3 ,old ,tales & ,sup]/itions int]pret$ by ,comp>ative ,my?ology4 #abmo1 pp4 #bea1 #b4jj4 ,,cont5ts3 ,! ,orig9s ( ,folk-,lore2 ,! ,desc5t ( ,fire2 ,w]ewolves & ,swan-,maid5s2 ,light & ,d>kness2 ,my?s ( ! ,b>b>ic ,_w2 ,juv5tus ,mundi2 ,! ,primeval ,gho/-,_w4 ,mr4 ,fiske has giv5 u a book :i* is at once s5sible & attractive1 on a subject ab\t :i* mu* is writt5 t is crot*ety or t$i\s4--,w4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,ral/on1 9 ,a!num 7,london74 ,?is volume is n a text-book ( sci5tific my?ology4 ,x conta9s sev5 essays cr[d$ ) quotations & examples1 9 ! abundant use ( :i* ! writ]'s le>n+ is n m conspicu\s ?an 8 lit]>y skill4 ,n ev]ybody c %ape & control su* weal? ( mat]ial4--,*ri/ian ,union 7,new ,york74 ,he has1 z we mu/ admit1 "o qualification = atta9+ 8 object1 9 be+ completely ma/] ( 8 subject1 & 9 kn[+ also h[ to treat x 9 an attractive mann]4--,,felix ,,liebre*t1 9 ,academy 7,london74 ,x is extremely int]e/+ = its happy comb9ation ( psy*ologic analysis ) a /udy ( ! primitive beliefs ( mank9d4444 ,a p]usal ( ?is ?or\gh "w _c be too /rongly recomm5d$ to all :o are int]e/$ 9 comp>ative my?ology4--,revue ,critique 7,p>is74 ,mr4 ,fiske is a ma/] ( p]spicu\s explanation4--,_w 7,new ,york74 ,its weight ( s5se & its lucidity w ext5d ,mr4 ,fiske's reputation z "o ( ! cle>e/-m9d$1 mo/ consci5ti\sly labori\s & well-tra9$ /ud5ts 9 ?is c\ntry4--,nation 7,new ,york74 ,) ! capacity = pr(\nd rese>* & ! p[] ( critical consid]ation1 he has a s+ul> grace ( /yle1 & an art ( cle> & simple /atem5t1 :i* w n let ! mo/ indiff]5t refuse k ( ! topics treat$4 ,9 su* a field z ! discussion ( old fables & sup]/itions af=ds1 we h n only to admire ,mr4 ,fiske = ! *>m ( 8 mann]1 b = ! ju/ice & hone/y ( 8 me?od4--,atlantic ,mon?ly4 ,x is bo? an amus+ & in/ructive book1 ev9c+ l>ge rese>*1 & giv+ its results 9 a lucid & attractive /yle4--,e4 ,p4 ,,:ipple4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,unse5 ,,_w1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,essays4 #abmo1 pp4 #cdi1 #b4jj4 ,,cont5ts3 ,! ,unse5 ,_w2 ,! ,to-morr[ ( ,dea?2 ,! ,jesus ( ,hi/ory2 ,! ,*ri/ ( ,dogma2 ,a ,^w ab\t ,miracles2 ,drap] on ,sci5ce & ,religion2 ,na?an ! ,wise2 ,hi/orical ,difficulties2 ,! ,fam9e ( #aggj 9 ,b5gal2 ,spa9 & ! ,ne!rl&s2 ,longfell['s ,dante2 ,pa9e's ,/4 ,pet]2 ,a ,philosophy ( ,art2 ,a!nian & ,am]ican ,life4 ,we ?9k e "o w rem>k1 :ile exam9+ ?is volume1 ! v>iety ( subjects treat$2 & if anybody has =m$ an op9ion t ,mr4 ,fiske is a man :o c>es = no?+ b my?s & philosophy1 he w f9d occasion to correct x4 ,_m ( ^! pap]s are critical reviews ( important books widely diff]5t 9 _! subjects2 b to ea* /udy ! writ] seems to h br\ght1 besides an excell5t quality ( discrim9at+ judgm5t1 full & fre% special k1 t enables him to supply mu* in=mation on ! subject1 :atev] x may be1 t is n to be f\nd 9 ! volume he is notic+4 ,to ! k1 analytical p[]1 & faculty ( cle> /atem5t1 t appe> 9 all ^! pap]s1 ,mr4 ,fiske adds a j indep5d5ce ( ?\ght t conciliates respectful consid]ation ( 8 views1 ev5 :5 !y are mo/ at v>iance ) ! commonly accept$ ones4--,bo/on ,adv]tis]4 ,( all ! criticism & discussion call$ =? bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,engl& by t rem>kable little book1 ,! ,unse5 ,univ]se1 ,mr4 ,john ,fiske's ,unse5 ,_w is at once ! mo/ pr(\nd1 ! mo/ compreh5sive1 & ! mo/ lucid4444 ,! m]e /atem5t ( a ?\ght 9 8 p]spicu\s & transluc5t language gives x1 9 mo/ cases1 a new mean+ & an add$ =ce4--,appletons' ,j\rnal4 ,!y are all /rik+ compositions1 & des]v+ ( a place 9 ! =e rank ( ?is k9d ( lit]ature4 ,x is n (t5 t m robu/ & heal?y read+ c be f\nd betwe5 ! cov]s ( a s+le volume4--,san ,francisco ,bullet94 ,! vigor1 ! e>ne/ness1 ! hone/y1 & ! fre$om f cant & subtlety 9 8 writ+ are exce$+ly refre%+4 ,he is a s*ol>1 a critic1 & a ?9k] ( ! fir/ ord]4--,*ri/ian ,regi/]4 ,mr4 ,fiske has won = himself a =emo/ place among ,am]ican writ]s on physical sci5ce2 & ! pres5t volume ( essays be>s te/imony n only to 8 ability z a physici/1 b to 8 v]satility ( m9d & critical p[]s z well4--,canadian ,mon?ly4 ,he is "o ( our =emo/ religi\s ?9k]s4--,times 7,new ,york74 ,! l9e ( argum5t is s pla9 t all c foll[ x1 & ! /yle is wondr\sly *>m+4--,index 7,bo/on74 ,mr4 ,john ,fiske is a devot$ /ud5t ( ,dante4 ,! review ( ,mr4 ,longfell['s "w is an admirable essay ^u translat+ ,dante1--an essay %[+ a v f9e critical feel+ & ?or\gh k ( ! subject4--,transcript 7,bo/on74 ,he is a s*ol> pr(\ndly v]s$ 9 anci5t & mod]n lore1 a ?9k] famili> ) all %ades ( ?\ght1 an obs]v] :o /udies m5 z well z books1 & )al a writ] ( ! pure/ & mo/ graphic ,engli%4--,int]-,ocean 7,*icago74 ,he f9ely exposes ! mat]iali/ic "* ( ! book call$ ! ,unse5 ,univ]se1 :i* has be5 s highly extoll$ by ! ,s\!rn ,cross & o!r pap]s4--,adv]tis] 7,m>ybor\gh1 ,au/ralia74 ,! book has a unity & *>m 9 ! cle>ness ( ! ?\ght & ! beauty ( su* a /yle z 0 p]haps nev] be=e br\ght to ! illu/ration ( ! topics ) :i* ,mr4 ,fiske habitually deals4 ,!re is some?+ bett] /ill 9 ! admirable _s ( 8 writ+2 x is ( all writ+ ( its sort1 probably1 ! mo/ humane4444 ,he has already a*iev$ a place z :olly 8 own z x is em95t4--,atlantic ,mon?ly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,excursions ,,( ,,an ,,evolutioni/4 #abmo1 pp4 #cgi1 #b4jj4 ,,cont5ts3 ,europe be=e ! ,arrival ( ,man2 ,! ,arrival ( ,man 9 ,europe2 ,our ,aryan ,=efa!rs2 ,:at we le>n f ,old ,aryan ,words2 ,0 !re a ,primeval ,"m-,tongue8 ,sociology & ,h]o-,wor%ip2 ,h]oes ( ,indu/ry2 ,! ,causes ( ,p]secution2 ,! ,orig9s ( ,prote/antism2 ,! ,true ,lesson ( ,prote/antism2 ,evolution & ,religion2 ,! ,mean+ ( ,infancy2 ,a ,univ]se ( ,m9d-,/uff2 ,9 ,memoriam3 ,*>les ,d>w94 ,among our ?\ghtful essayi/s !re are none m brilliant ?an ,mr4 ,john ,fiske4 ,8 pure /yle suits 8 cle> ?\ght4 ,he does n write unless he has some?+ to say2 & :5 he does write he %[s n only t he has ?or\ghly acqua9t$ himself ) ! subject1 b t he has to a r>e degree ! art ( s mass+ 8 matt] z to br+ out ! true value ( ! lead+ po9ts 9 arti/ic relief4 ,x is ?is p]spective :i* makes 8 "w su* agreeable read+ ev5 on ab/ruse subjects1 & has enabl$ him to play ! same "p 9 popul>iz+ ,sp5c] 9 ?is c\ntry t ,littr p]=m$ = ,comte 9 ,france1 & ,dumont = ,b5?am 9 ,engl&4 ,! same qualities appe> to good advantage 9 8 new volume1 :i* conta9s 8 lat] essays on 8 favorite subject ( evolution4444 ,!y are well wor? rep]usal4--,! ,nation 7,new ,york74 ,^! essays are all full ( ?\ght & wor?y ( pres]vation1 :ile sev]al ( !m are entitl$ to rank among ! v be/ essays ( ,am]ican writ]s4 ,= dep? ( ?\ght1 s*ol>%ip1 lit]>y ta/e1 critical ability1 & ! p[] ( cle> & vigor\s exposition comb9$1 ,mr4 ,fiske has no equal 9 ?is c\ntry & b few equals among ,european writ]s4 ,he does n write on a subject until he has acqua9t$ himself ) x2 & !n he pres5ts 8 ?\ght1 :i* (t5 has ! m]it ( orig9ality1 ) a lucidness & attractiv5ess ( /yle :i* make x easy to foll[ him 9 8 treatm5t ( ev5 difficult topics4 ,x is a pleasure to turn f our m]ely lit]>y writ]s to ! essays ( ,mr4 ,fiske1 ^: cle> ?\ght1 discrim9at+ judgm5t1 & philosophic _s1 toge!r ) 8 f9e ta/e & p]spicuity ( /yle1 make 8 writ+s bo? in/ructive & ent]ta9+4--,index 7,bo/on74 ,! vividness & directness ( ! /yle is second only to ! brac+ & /imulat+ quality ( ! matt]4 ,?is book comes ne>] ?an any?+ we n[ ?9k ( among ,am]ican publications to successfully popul>iz+ ! results ( sci5ce )\t debilitat+ or mis9t]pret+ ! same4 ,! fir/ pap]s ( ! book p>ticul>ly emulate ! cle>ness ( ,huxley4444 ,x compels ass5t to ! dread$ new way ( look+ at ?+s1 b 9 su* a way t :5 ! ass5t is giv5 ! dread is all gone4 ,x is a good book = ! busy prea*] on acc\nt ( its weal? ( facts1 s arrang$ z to reveal ! ?\ght t lies back ( ea* fact4 ,ea* conclusion sugge/s a lesson4--,unity 7,*icago74 ,mr4 ,fiske1 "u ! above title1 makes 8 excursions ?r\gh ! realms ( sci5ce1 & evolves evolution 9 a mo/ admirable mann]--physical & psy*ical--by ! te/imony ( ! rocks1 & ) wond]ful wisdom expla9s ! orig9 ( matt] & man s tru?fully possible t x is accept$ z exce$+ly probable1 if n c]ta91 by ! ?\ghtful read]4 ,x is fasc9at+ to read 8 pro(s & speculations ^u a subject gr[n s int]e/+1 & ! read] is dispos$ to apply ! same t]m ( praise ^u 8 "w z he be/[$ ^u ,clif=d3 ,su* sci5tific exposition z ?is is z beautiful z poetry4--,h>t=d ,po/4 ,mr4 ,fiske is ! ma/] ( an extremely lucid & attractive lit]>y /yle1 & br+s to all que/ions :i* he discusses ! fruits ( a v indu/ri\s read+ & exam9ation ( au?orities4444 ,:e!r "o agrees ) him or n "o _c fail to receive mu* in/ruction & def9ite intellectual impulse f ! read+ ( ?is volume4444 ,:ile he>tily diss5t+ f _m ( ! views advanc$ 9 ?is book1 we comm5d x to all /ud5ts :o c>e = ! hone/ judgm5t ( an hone/ man4--,*ri/ian ,union4 ,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,man1 view$ 9 ! ,light ( 8 ,orig94 #afmo1 pp4 #aba1 #a4jj4 ,,cont5ts3 ,man's ,place 9 ,nature z affect$ by ! ,cop]nican ,!ory2 ,z affect$ by ,d>w9ism2 ,on ! ,e>? !re w nev] be a ,high] ,creature ?an ,man2 ,! ,orig9 ( ,infancy2 ,! ,dawn+ ( ,consci\sness2 ,l5g!n+ ( ,infancy & ,concomitant ,increase ( ,bra9 ,surface2 ,*ange 9 ! ,direction ( ! ,work+ ( ,natural ,selection2 ,gr[+ ,pr$om9ance ( ! ,psy*ical ,life2 ,! ,orig9s ( ,society & ,morality2 ,improvabl5ess ( ,man2 ,univ]sal ,w>f>e ( ,primeval ,m52 ,fir/ *eck$ by ! ,beg9n+s ( ,indu/rial ,civilization2 ,me?ods ( ,political ,developm5t & ,elim9ation ( ,w>f>e2 ,end ( ! ,work+ ( ,natural ,selection ^u ,man2 ,?r[+ (f ! ,brute-,inh]itance2 ,! ,message ( ,*ri/ianity2 ,! ,"q z to a ,future ,life4 ,mr4 ,fiske has long held rank z "o ( ! mo/ pr(\nd & exact ( ,am]ican ?9k]s1 & 8 little monograph w s]ve to ext5d t des]v$ fame among a class ( read]s :o are n ord9>ily int]e/$ 9 ! lit]ature ( sci5ce4 ,mr4 ,fiske's book is1 9 a ^w1 a plea = fai? 9 ! immortality ( man1 bas$ on ! doctr9e ( evolution4 ,) a sup]b comm& ( all ! k be>+ ^u ! philosophy ( ,d>w9ism1 to :i* he has himself be5 a notewor?y contributor1 ,mr4 ,fiske sums up 9 eloqu5t p]iods ! process ( evolution>y creation f ! orig9 ( infancy to ! beg9n+s ( indu/rial & political developm5t :i* h made human society :at x is to-day2 & !n1 look+ into ! future1 he =etells h[ natural selection1 work+ on ! l9es already m>k$ out1 %all atta9 its p]fect "w4 ,! :ole argum5t1 or r exposition1 is a m>vel ( cond5sation4--,bo/on ,travell]4 ,mr4 ,fiske has giv5 u 9 8 ,de/9y ( ,man a mo/ attractive cond5sation ( 8 views z express$ 9 8 v>i\s o!r works4 ,"o is *>m$ by ! directness & cle>ness ( 8 /yle1 8 simple & pure ,engli%1 & 8 evid5t k ( 8 subject4444 ,( "o ?+ we may be sure1 t none are lead+ u m surely or rapidly to ! full tru? ?an m5 l ! au?or ( ?is little book1 :o rev]5tly /udy ! works ( ,god = ! lessons :i* he w\ld tea* 8 *ildr54--,*ri/ian ,union 7,new ,york74 ,pr(essor ,fiske is always int]e/+4 ,8 exposition1 /ep by /ep1 ( ! doctr9e ( evolution1 is admirably adapt$ = ^? prejudic$ aga9/ x to read--simple1 pleasant1 & cle>1 & expressly design$ to dis>m ho/ility by %[+ t x is by no means absolutely incompatible ) accept$ religi\s beliefs--at lea/1 ) _! ess5tial qualities4--,ov]l& ,mon?ly 7,san ,francisco74 ,x is a rem>kable contribution to ! lit]ature ( religi\s ?\ght4444 ,x w prove t evolution is at lea/ n irrev]5t4444 ,x is pack$ full ( le>n+ & sugge/ion1 9 a /yle at once simple & beautiful1 & is wor? a doz5 volumes ( ord9>y s]mons4--,philadelphia ,press4 ,?is essay w & %\ld attract wide att5tion1 f\nd$ z x is ^u mod]n sci5ce & m>k+ ! way 9 an advanc$ pa? 9 religio-sci5tific inquiry4 ,mr4 ,fiske is ackn[l$g$ "o ( ! fir/ ( sci5tific ?9k]s1 & 8 conclusions h m ?an ! usual weight4--,albany ,j\rnal4 ,8 little volume w be highly priz$ by ^? :o enjoy see+ "o ( ! mo/ pr(\nd !mes :i* c occupy ! att5tion treat$ ) eloqu5ce & /r5g?1 ) sci5tific insight & imag9ative vigor4--,buffalo ,comm]cial ,adv]tis]4 ,! rev]5t _s ( ! book1 ! wide range ( illu/rations1 ! rem>kable lucidity ( ?\ght & /yle1 & ! noble eloqu5ce t *>act]izes x1 r5d] ?is book "o ( /rik+ value & int]e/4--,salem ,gazette4 ,,! ,,idea ,,( ,,god ,,z ,,affect$ ,,by ,,mod]n ,,k4 #afmo1 #a4jj4 ,?is essay is a sequel to ,! ,de/9y ( ,man4 ,its object is to %[ t ! indications ( ,sci5ce & ,philosophy are !i/ic1 n a!i/ic2 t :ile ! idea ( ,god has be5 greatly modifi$ by mod]n k1 x has n be5 lo/ or belittl$1 b magnifi$ & illum9at$4 ,! essay is prefac$ by a long ,introduction ( rem>kable int]e/1 & ! :ole book is full ( significance & *>m = all ?\ghtful m9ds4 ,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,co41 ,,publi%]s1 ,,bo/on4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,v>iations 9 spell+ & punctuation are z 9 ! orig9al1 except 9 cases ( obvi\s typographical error4 ,ea* *apt] ( ! book beg9s & mo/ end ) a decorative panel4 ,^! h n be5 ref]5c$ 9 ?is text4 ,italics are repres5t$ ?us italic bold ?us bold & ,greek ?us greek4